'o ^<^ •/ % /v^ ^^■\. ^ -rt "^^•^^- %.^\^;;.. 0< -> '<-\v xO ■u .v^^' .0 << y ^•''■-\. 'c > -b V' > '--0^ ■"b V^^ ^^^0^ N^' "■*. * > ■>• c."^" ^ ^.^' . \ .^^^• % ^ '^ •s^ \\ If •^v- c^^-.o ^.# '^ "^^ ■- ' ''^^ o"^ " ^ J -o^" ■ . Z"^, J ^ ^*^ o " ^i ^'' -^t. V' , „ V / ^* ^^•■•>. l^ ■ ^ ' " > ^ \ > A ' / - ■- ^ ^ .^' £ "-^ "^^ , •^^ ^^^ 0^ ■^o >*' '^-^^ \ 'j. \ .\^' b,<^ ^ \- > A- W^ X" -r. HISTORY SCOTT COUNTY, TOGBTHER WITH SKETCHED OF ITS CITIES. VILLAGES AND TOWNSHIPS, EDU CATION AL, RELIGIOUS, CIVIL, MILITARY, AND POLITICAL HISTORY; PORTRAITS OK PROMINENT PERSONS, AND HIOGRAPHIES OK REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS. HISTORY OF IOWA, EMBRACING ACCOUNTS OF THE PRE HISTORIC RACES, ABORKilNKS, FRENCH, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN CONQUE.ST8, AND A GENERAL REVIEW OP ITS CIVIL. POLITICAL AND MILITARY HISTORY. ILLUSTRATED. CHICAGO: INTER-STATE PUBLISHING CO., 1882. 'nr BLAKELV, MARSH A CO., PRINTERS', '55 * '57 DF.ARBORN ST., CHICAGO. DONOHUE i HEXN'EBEKRV, nOOKMNDERS, 105 A ia> MOXKOE ST., CHICAGO. ^ 7<7 li PREFACE. As local hislorj- is more intcresliDg than general, and as the lime has aiTived when County Histories can be made self-supporting, thepublishersof this volume selected Scoll County as a good field; and they have indeed found it a pleasant one, for the county has had^ an interesting history, having always been one of the chief counties of the great State of Iowa. In matters of general interest and progress Scott County has always taken a leading and prominent position. Here have lived men who have taken an important part in the aflairs of State and in molding the political sentiments and destiny of the country. This countj' has been the birth place of many business, philanthropic and party enterprises. This history appears none too soon. The pioneers arc fast passing away Here and there we sec the whitened head and bended form of some of these vet- erans, but they constitute only a few of the earliest pilgrims. We have faithfully interviewed them, and obtained what facts we coidd. Accurate history is most difficult to write; many things are differently told by dillcrcnt persons, and if ninetcen-twentieths of the five hundred thousand data in this volume arc correct, there may still be twenlj'-five thousand errors. To obtain a glance of the scope and, merits of a volume it is necessary to study critically the title page and table of contents. By looking carefully at the latter, one will learn how to use the work— where to look for any given class of items. In this volume notice particularly ihat the Townships are arranged alpha- betically, and the Biographies also alphabetically in their respective townships. A number of personal sketches will be found under the head of City of Daven- port, as many of the parlies live in or near that place. As one of the most interesting fiatures of Ibis work we present the portraits of numerous representative citizens. Many others just as deserving, of course, we did not select; but those ■»e have given constitute a good representation, and they are all men of high standing in the community. As preliminary to the woik, the Inter-State Publishing Company secured the co-operation of the oflicers of the Pioneer Society, who appointed a committee to read and revise the manuscript of the general historj', and a like committee in each township to examine and correct the history of tlie respective townships. Every man thus appointed served to the best of his ability, and the wisdom of the choice of the committee is shown in the work performed. Our thanks are certainly due to these men, a number of whom spent much lime, with no thought of other reward than in the consciousness of a duty well performed. PREFACE. The press of the county is also entitled to our special gratitude. Without an exception wc have received the kindest treatment from all, their tiles being placed at our disposal, and from which we gathered much of tne information contained in this volume. The task of compiling this history, which has assumed proportions much larger than we had expected, has been a pleasant one, although laborious and expensive; and we desire here to express our hearty thanks to those who have so freely aided us in collecting material. To thp county officials, pastors of churches officers of societies, pioneers, members of the Pioneer Society, and editors of the press, we are particularly grateful for the many kindnesses and courtesies shown us while laboring in the county. INTER-STATE PUBLISHING CO. CERTIFICATES. Below we give a copy of llie certiflcate signed by the (rommiltec u|i|Hiinted by the President ol'the Pioneer Soeiely, to revise :ind correet the general history of Scott County. And also eomniitlees from each townshi)>, to revise and correct the history of their respective townshiiis, showing that we eomplitd with our promises to submit the manuscript, and also that its members performed their duties. These certificates are all worded alike. We tlierefore deem it unneces- sary to subscribe each ( f Ihem in full, but give the names of the signatory mem. bers. These certificates will also show to those who examine this work that great earc was taken to have it autlientic and reliable. .We, the undersigned, members of the Oincral Committee aiipointcd by the President of the Pioneer Society of 8eott County tocorreet and revise the manu- scri|)tofthe History of Scott County, written and compiled by the Inter-State Publishing Co., of Chicago, 111., do hereby certify that we had free access to said manuscript at any and all times, and that we did to tiie best of our ability follow the instructions given us. We examined said manuscript and made all the changes and additions that we in our judgment deemed necessary. D. N. RicnAtiDsON, Chairman,' C. S. W.\TKIN8, L.^DREL Summers, Edw.vrd RrssELi,, / Committee. W. L. Clark, M. J. ROHLFS, H. Leonard, Scott County, Town, April, 18^2. Following is the certificate of the committees for the respective cities and townships: We, the committee appointed by the President of the Pioneer Society of Scott County, to correct and revise the history of [our respective townships] for the History of Scott County, written and compiled by the Interstate Publishing Co., of Chicago, 111., do hereby certify that said manuscript was submitted to us, and that we did make all the changes and additions we deemed necessary. Blue Grass Toioiship. Theodore Hartwell, E. Sleinhilbcr. ,'29 Eminent Men of Iowa. ■'>29 Financial ". ^ Census of Iowa .137 Census of the United States!!'! Z3S StateOfflcers ^ View on the Des Moines River !!.!!.! 246 Hli^TORV OF SCOTT COIKTY. CHAPTER I. IN THE BEGINNING Original Inhabitants First Visitor White Men '. First Settlement Other Early Settlements .!!!! Orpanizatibu ol the County County Seat Contest ! First County Commissioners' Court. Couuty JudL,'es Board of Supervisors Page. . 249 . 250 . 2,58 . 260 . 261 . 361 . 262 . 270 . 275 275 CHAPTER II. SCIENTIFIC 281 Gcoloip- of Scott County 281 Coal Measures 285 Quarternary 2g6 CHAPTER III. PIONEER LIFE 295 Early Manners and Customs S!I5 Weddings 298 Shakes 299 WolfHunting 303 Rcligiou !!!!.... 304 CHAPTER IV. COURTS OF SCOTT COUNTY 306 District Court 30fi Circuit Court 33.5 Probate Court ! . ! ! ! .339 County Court 340 CHAPTER V. THE BAR OF SCOTT COUNTY 341 The Early Bar 340 .\lexander W. McGregor !!!! 343 S. B. Hastings 343 Jonathan W\ Parker !!!! 343 Simeon Meredith 343 James Grant !!! 343 Ebenczer Cook !!! .!! 343 Charles Weston 344 John P. Cook !!!, 344 John L. Dalles 344 John F. Dillon !!!!! 344 Samuel Francis Smith 346 Hans Reiner Clanssen !! 348 The Present Bar ^^f^' Krnst Clanssen . •^i Jacob W. Stewart . . shl George E. Hubbell . w Johnc.Biiis ■....' !!!!! ;" 355 Samuel Edward Brown.. vit Daniel B. Nash !!!!"!!'!!" 354 John W. Thompson.. 357 Edward E. Cook qtis W. A. Foster !! 35, HughM. Martin ^9 Herman Block aun wm K. White !!!!:!! ,^0 John W . Green 351 Charles M. Waterman.... !!. 361 "m. A. Lynch 352 Roderick Rose ."!." 352 George E. Gould 363 Pl^'tPeters ::;.:! !!!!!!!! Ira Fred Heinz 364 H. H. Ascherroan 365 Nathaniel S. Mitchell... 3ki Peter A Boyle ! 3^5 C. A. Ficke 'irk W. o. Schmidt !!!!!!'.!!! 366 F. L.Dodge 357 A. P. McGuirk !!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! .36? J. Scolt Rjchman !!! .368 H. M. Henley v^g George C. Prestou ! .369 J. U. Murphy !.!!!! 370 CHAPTER VI. EDUCATIONAL 371 Commou Schools 371 County Superintendents ....!.! 376 Medical Institute !!" 378 Iowa College .'.!.!.'!!!!'*" 379 Griswold College !!!!!!!!'!!!! 382 CHAPTER VII. POLITICAL Hard Cider ^^j Son£ of Tippecanoe .'.., 388 Ofliclal Vote ' !"!'.' 407 CHAPTER VIII. NATIONAL, STATE AND COUNTY REPRKSENTATION . . 418 Commissioner of Indian Affairi 418 386 CONTENTS. Page. Cougressional 420 Legielature 42i First Conetitutlonal Convention 428 Second Constitutional Conventiou 428 Third Conctilutionai Convention 425 County Uepresentalion 425 CHAPTER IX. THE WAR FOR THE UNION 430 Firi-t Infautry 4S7 Second lufaijtry 437 Second Veteran Infantry 4.-^9 Eighth Infantry 440 Eleventh Infantry 444 Thirteenth Infautry 444 Fourteenth Infantiy 450 sixteenth Infantry 451 Twentieth Intantry 455 Twentieth Infautry Veterans 458 Twenty sixth lufantry 459 1 hi rty seventh Infantry 459 Forty-fourth Infantry 459 First Cavalry 460 Second Cavalry 461 Third Cavalry'. 46ti Sixth Cavalry 4fifi Eighth Cavalry 4t>6 Ninth Cavalry 467 First African ZnfHnlry 467 Twelfth Missnuri Infantry 467 Second Misst)uri Artillery ..68 Third and Other Regiments 46S Koll of Honor 471 CHAPTER X. RAILROADS 477 Chicago, Kock Island & Faclflc R. R. . . . 477 Chicago, MilH uukee & St. Paul R. R 480 CHAPTER XI. PIONEER SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION. 4S! Constitution 485 Special aieetiug 488 Reminiscences 498 Second Annual Meeting 505 Second Annual Fesl ival 505 Picnic 520 CHAPTER XII. REMINISCENCES 640 J. E. Burnside 540 James Brownlee 544 Judge \Vm. L. Cook 54O CHAPTER XIII. AGRICULTURE 5.')6 Scoit County Agricultural Society 559 CHAPTER xr\'. THE PRESS 570 The Iowa Sun 673 Davenport Gazette 575 Democratic Banner 582 Davenport Democrat 585 Der Demokrat .591 Davanport MorningNew" 595 Le Claire Weekly Exprees 596 Le Claire Republic 597 Le Claire Register 597 Davenport Daily Times 598 Dally AntlKnnw-Nothlng .598 Beobachter Am. MissisBippi 598 The Temperance Crean 599 Davenport Commercial 599 The Davenport Bee 599 The Chip Basket 600 Other Papers 600 Davenport Dally Jonrnal 600 The True Radical 601 Page. The Sunday Morning Times BOl The Sunday Morning Star 602 The Soldiers Friend 802 Le Claire City Enterprlee 602 Scott Coaulv Register 602 The l.e Claire Pilot 602 The Iowa Workman 608 Wesu-rn Weekly 603 The Blue Ribbon News..., , 603 The Davenport Weekly Telegraph 604 Der Banner 60& The Davenport Free Press K05 CHAPTER XV. ILLUSTRIOUS ,«: PROMINENT DEAD. Autoiiie Le Claire John P. Cook Jabe/. A. Birchard G. C. R. Mitchell Daniel T. Newcoinb Bhenczer Cook Willurd Harrows A. H. Davenport Father Palamorgnee M. Le Claire John Owens Nathaniel Squires David S. True .. Hon. John L. Daviee Jonathan Parker Bezaleel Susfbrd Le Roy Dodge R.U.Sencer Alfred Sanders W.K.Conway Public Meeting J. D. Putnam R. M. Preltyman Eugene Birchard Jatiies Mackintosh Rev. W. Rutlcdge n. B. Woodward 6U6 6 BIOGKAPHIRS. Page. Allen's Grove 934 Bine Grass 946 Buffalo 972 Batler 1019 Cleona 1038 Davenport 1048 Hickorv Grove ; 1080 Le Claire 1096 Page. Liberty 1149 Lincoln 1166 Pleasant Valley 1187 Princeton 1202 Rockingham 1227 Sheridan 1237 Wiiifleld 1251 PORTRAITS. Page. Bern-hill, John H 788 BeiTyhill, Mrs. John H 787 Burnsidc, J. E 985 Bircbard, Backus 517 Bowling. James M :119 Baker, Thomas 1093 Birchard, Jabez J 607 Cook, Wm. L 283 Cook, Mrs. M. H 337 Clark, W. L 247 Davenport, A. H 715 Dodge, LeRoy 625 Forrest, John 981 Fulton, A. C 913 Priday,J.M 733 Grant, Mr. & Mrs. James M 355 Gamble, Jan,es 53.'i Horst, Clans 1129 Holet, .John 859 Ha/.eu.E. H 895 Kulp, Wm. 841 Kuhnen, Nicholas 661 Knox, Samnel - S65 Littig, John 1057 Lambert, John 1003 Leonard, H 463 Page. Moore, Daniel 481 Moorehead, H. C E89 jMeari, Enoch 499 McCansland, T. W 1021 Madden, John 1075 Miiller, Krn«t 391 N. wconib, Daniel T 428 Newcomb, Patience V 427 Prettyman, R. M 373 Pease, H.H 409 Parker, George W 878 Parker, Hannah ' 877 Parker.J.M 823 Paden, Mrs. Margaret A 319 Rohwer, Claus. 967 Rusch, N . J nil Shand, Rev. W. J 950 Shand, Mrs. W. J 949 Srv, Randolph 1039 .SteiTen, A 445 Summers, Laurel . . 301 Steinhilber, E 679 Schnitger. Gnstavus 553 Towneaud, Robert 769 Van Eps. E. V 751 Watkins. C. S 805 C LINTON R.3 pSiPINICON Schoof ffoitse^. Church Koads Wail Roa(l& Proposril fi'iril Rnrifls Crpelcx c o R.4-. E. R.5.E 'BrRON MOLI NE R 4 E X ISLAND 3.E. V \ 1 N I S T. 77. /v. / HISTORY OF IOWA. FOKMER OCCUPANTS. PEE-HISTORIO RACES. The history of this country and the races which held it before the advent of the Europeans, is shrouded in as deep a m^-steryas that which hides tlie past of the oldest nations of the East. There are just relics enough left us to prove beyond a doubt that there once existed liere a remarkable race, but there has been wide spec- ulation upon the nature and origin of the early races of Amei-ica, especially those referred to as Mound-Builders. It is but lately that the researclies of science have enabled us to reason with much certainty. Though the divergence of opinion among scientists may for a time seem incompatible with a thorough investigation of the subject, and tend to a confusion of ideas, no doubt whatever can exist as to the comparative accuracy of the conclusions arrived at by some of them. To solve the problem who were the pre- historic settlers of America, it will not be necessary to go to ancient history. That this continent is co-existent with the world of the ancients cannot be questioned. Every investigation insti- tuted under the auspices of modern civilization confirms the fact. China, with its numerous existing testimonials of antiquity, claims a continuous history from antediluvian times; and although its continuity may be denied, there is nothing to prevent the trans- mission of a hieroglyphic record of its history prior to 1656, anno mundl (the date of Noah's flood), since many traces of its earl}' settlement survived the deluge, and became sacred objects of the first historical epoch. That an antdiluvian people inhabited this continent, however, will not be claimed, because it is not probable that a settlement of a country so remote from the cradle of the race as this was eSected until later times. The most probable sources in wliich the origin of the Indians must be sought, are those countries which lie along the eastern (17) 18 UISTORY OF IOWA. coast of A5ia, and which may liave been once more densely popu- lated than now. Tlie surplus population pushed north and east in search of a new home, which was found at last by crossing Behi*- ing's Stra't, and then jouraeying southward. Tlie number of small islands lying between the two continents tends to confirm this view; and it is yet further confirmed by some remarkable traces of similarity in tlie physical conformation of tlie northern nations of both continents. The researclies of Humboldt have traced the Mexican to the vicinity of Eehring's Strait; whence it is conjectured t'lat they, as well as the Peruvians and other tribes, came f>rigin:il!\' from Asia. This theory is accepted by most ethnologists, and there is eveiy reason to believe that after the discovery of an overland route to a land of '• illimitable possibilities, " many bands of adventurers found their way from the Chinese or Tartar nations, until they had populated much of this continent. Magnificent cities and monu- ments were r used at the bidding ot the tribal leaders, and popu- lous sottlemants centered with thriving villages sprang up every- where in manifestation of the progress of the people. For the last 4-1 lO years the colonizing Caucasian has trodden on the ruins of a civilization whose greatness he could only surmise. Among these ruins are pyramids similar to those which have rendered Egypt famous. The pyramid of Cholula is square, eacli side of its base is 1,335 feet in length, and its heiglit is 172 feet. Another pyramid, north of Vera Cruz, is formed of large blocks of highly polisliei porphyry, and bears upon its front hieroglyphic inscrip- tions and curious sculpture. It is 82 feet square, and a flight of 57ste]is conducts to its summit, which is 05 feet liigh. Tlie ruins of Palenque are said to extend 20 miles along the ridge of a mountain, and the remains of an Aztec city, near the banks of the Grila, are spread over more than a square league. Tlie principal feature of the Aztec civilization which has come down to us was its religion, which we are told was of a dark and gloomy charac- ter. Each new god created by their priesthood, instead of arous- ing new life in the people, brought death to thousands; and their grotesque idols exposed to drown the senses of the beholders iu fear, wrought wretchedness rather than spiritual happiness. In fact, fear was the great animating principle, the motive power which sustained this terrible religion. Their altars were sprinkled with blood drawn fr'ini their own bodies in large quantities, and on them thousands of human victims were sacnficed in honor of HISTORy OF IOWA. 19 the demons whom they worshiped. The head and heart of every captive taken in war were ottered up as a saciifiee to the god of battles, while the victorious legions feasted on the remaining por- tions of the bodies. It is said that during the ceremonies attend- ant on the consecration of two of tiicir temples, the number of prisoners ottered up in sacrittco was 12,210, wliile they tiicnisclves contributed large numbers of vijluntarv victims tt) tlic terrible belief. Throughout the Mississippi Valley are found mounds and walls of eartii or stone, which can have had only a human origin, and tiieir unknown constructors liave been referred to as Mound- Builders. These mounds vary in size from a few feet to hundreds of feet in diameter. In them are often found stone axes, pestles, arrow-heads, spear points, pieces of flint, etc., showing that some of them, at least, were used for purjjoses of burial. Pottery of various designs is very common in them, and from the material of which they are made geologists have attem])ted to assign their age. One of the m(_)st famous of these relics is a stone fortification in Clark county, Indiana, known as the " Stone Fort. " A place naturally strong for jmrposes of defense, has evidently been used AS a fort, and strengthened so as to become nearly impregnable. On one side the artificial wall is 150 feet long and 75 feet high. On the hill on which this is situated are five " mounds " of earth, in which tlie usual relics have been found. Some have thought that the Mound-Builders were a race quite s approach the stream on both sides. The Lower Silurian formations compose the bhifts in the northern part of the State, but they gradually dis- appear by a southerly dip, and the bluffs are continued successively by the Upper Silurian, Devonian and Subcarboniferons rocks, which are reached near the southeastern corner of the State. Considered in their relation to the present general surface of the State, the relative ages of the river valley of Iowa date Iwek only to the close of the glacial epoch; but that the Mississippi and all the rivers of Northeastern Iowa, if no others, had at least a large part of the rocky portions of their valleys eroded by jn-e-glacial, or perhaps even by palaeozoic rivers, can scarcel}' be doubted. GEOLOGr. Geologists divide the soil of Iowa into three general divisions, which not only possess different physical characters, but also dif- fer in the mode of their origin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial and belong respectively to the deposits bearing the same names The drift occupies a much larger part of the surface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area of sur- face, and the alluvial least. All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived to a considerable extent from the rocks of Minnesota; but the greater part of Iowa drift was derived from, its owa rocks, much of which has been transported but a short distance. In Northern and Northwestern Iowa the drift contains more sand and gravel than elsewhere. In Southern Iowa the soil is frequently stifi' and clayey. The bluff soil is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to Missouri River. Although it contains less than one percent, of clay in its composition, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. The alluvial soil is that of the flood-]ilains of tlie river valleys, or bottom lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for agricultural purposes; but a large ]mrt of it is entirely above the reach of the highest flood, and is very productive. HISTORY OF IOWA. 77 The stratified rocks of Iowa range from tlie Azoic to the Meso- zoie, inclusive; but tlie greater portion of the surface of tlie State is occupied by tliose of the Pala'ozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in their order: SYSTEMS. AGES. GROUPS. PEltrODS. FOn.WATIONS. EPOCHS. THICKNESS IN FEET. Carboniferous. Lower Silurian. ( Post Tertiary Drift 10 to 200 Cretaceous i ( InnceramousBpti 50 ( Lower Cretaceous. . . -! Wootlbury Snudstone and Shales. 130 ( Nishntbotany Sandstone 100 ( Upper Coal Measures - 200 Coal Measures ^ Middle Coal Measures 200 ( Lower Coal Measures 200 .-J fSt Louis Limestone 75 I Subcarboniferous ... 1 ^^"^""K Lim.stnne 90 I I Burhneton Limestone 19fi I, (Kinderhook Beds 175 Devonian Hamilton Hamilton Limestone and Shales, 200 Upper Silurian.... Niagara Niagara Limestone 350 r Cincinnati Maquolieta Shales 80 Trpntnn ( Galena Lim'Stone 250 ^ "( Trenton Limestone 200 1 St. Peter's Sandstone 80 j Primordial - Lower Magnesian Limestone.. . 250 i ( Potsdam Sandstone 300 Azoic Huronian Siou.x Quartzile 50 AZOIC SYSTEM. The Sioux quartziteis found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big Sioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux quartzite has been given them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and of a color varying, in dirterciit localities, from a liglit to deep red. The process of metainorphism has been so complete throughout the whole forma- tion that the rock is almost everywhere of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees to the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is eastward and westward. LOWER SILURIAN SYSTEM. Primordial Group. — The Potsdam sandstone formation is ex- posed only in a small portion of the northeastern part of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the blufts and steep valley sides which border the river there. It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. No fossils have been discovered in this formation in Iowa. 78 HISTORY OF IOWA. Lower Magnesian Limestone. — This formation has but little greater geographical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformitj of texture and stratification, owing to which it is not generally valuable for building purposes. The only fos- sils found in this formation in the State are a few traces of cri- noids, near McGregor. The St. Peter's Sandstone formation is remarkably uniform in thickness throughout its known geographical extent, and it occu- pies a large portion of the northern half of Allamakee County, im- mediately beneath the drift. Trenton Group. — -"Witli the exception of the Trenton limestone, all the limestones of both Upper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestones — nearly pure dolomites. This formation occupies large portions of Winnesliiek and Allamakee Counties, and a small part of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for economic purposes; but there are some compact, even layers that furnish fine material for window caps and sills. Fossils are so abundant in this formation that in some places the rock is made up of a mass of shells, corals and fragments of trilobites, cemented by calcareous material into a solid rock. Some of these fossils are new to science and peculiar to Iowa. The Galena limestone is the upper formation of the Trenton Group. It is 150 miles long and seldom exceeds 12 miles in width. It exhibits its greatest development in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite with a slight admixture of silicious matter; good blocks for dressing are sometimes found near the top of the bed, although it is usually unfit for such a purpose. This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The lead region proper is confined to an area of about 15 miles square in the vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, which traverse the rock at regular intervals from east to west; some is found in those which have a north and south direc- tion. This ore is mostly that known as Galena, or sulphuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. Cincinnati Group. — The surface occupied by the Maquoketa shales is more than 100 miles in length, btit is singularly long and narrow, seldom reaching more than a mile or two in width. The most northern exposure yet recognized is in the western part of Winneshiek County, while the most southerly is in Jackson County, in the bluft's of the Mississippi. The formation is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly are- HISTORY OF IOWA. 79 naceons, sometimes calcareous, wliicli vveatlier into a tenacious clay upon the surface, and the soil derived from it is usually stiff and clayey. Several species of fossils which characterize the Cincin- nati Group are found in the Maquoketa shales, but they contain a larger number than have been found any where else in these shales in Iowa, and their distinct faunal characteristics seem to warrant the separation of the Maquoketa shales as a distinct for- mation from any others of the group. UPPER SILURIAN SYSTEM. Niagara Group. — The area occupied by the Niagara limestone is -to and 50 miles in width and nearl}' 160 miles long from north to south. This formation is entirely a magnesian limestone, with a considerable portion of silicious matter, in some places, in the form of chert or coarse flint. A large part of it probably affords the best and greatest amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, Le Claire and Farley are all opened in this formation. DEVONIAN SYSTEM. Hamilton Group.— The area of surface occupied by the Hamil- ton limestone and shales, is as great as those by all the formations of both Upper and Lower Silurian age in the State. Its length is nearly 200 miles, and width from 40 to 50. It trends in a north- westerly and southeasterly direction. A large part of the material of this is quite worthless, yet other portions are valuable for economic purposes; and, having a large geographical extent in the State, is a very important formation. Its value for the production of hydraulic lime has been demonstrated at Waverly, Bremer County. The heavier and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other material requiring strength and durability. All the Devonian strata of Iowa evidently belong to a single epoch. The most conspicuous and characteristic fossils of this formation are brachiopods, corals and moUusks. The coral Accrvularia Duvidsoni occurs near Iowa City, and is known as "Iowa City marble " and "bird's-eye marble." OAEBONIFERODS SYSTEM. Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carbonifer- ous, viz., the subcarboniferous, coal measures and Permian, only the first two are found in Iowa. 80 HISTOKY OF IOWA. Svbcarbomferous Group. — This group occupies a very large area of surface. Its eastern border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with considerable directness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington County. It then makes a broad and direct bend nearW eastward, striking the Mississippi at Muscatine. The southern and western bound- aries are to a considerable extent the same as that which sej^arates it Irom the real field. From the southern part of Pocahontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of Eldora, in Har- din County, thence southward to the middle of the uortli line of Jasper County, thence southeastward to Sigourney, in Keokuk County, thence to the northeastern corner of Jefierson County, thence sweeping a few miles eastward to the southeast corner of Yan Buren County. Its arc is about 2.50 miles long and from 20 to 50 miles wide. Tlie Khidei'hook Beds. — The most southerly exposure of these beds is in Des Moines County, near the mouth of Skunk River. The most northerly now known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than 200 miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation are along the blufts which border the Mississippi and Skunk Kivers, where they form tlie eastern and northern boundary of Des Moines County, along English River, in Wash- ington County; along the Iowa River in Tama, Marsliall, Hamlin, and Franklin Counties, and along the Des Moines River in Hum- boldt County. This formation has considerable economic value, particularly in the northern portion of the region it occujues. In Pocahontas and Humboldt Counties it is invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division Is very good for building purposes. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this formation, and the quarries near Le Grand are \-qy\ valuable. At tliis point some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into both useful and ornamental objects. In Tama Countv the oolitic member is well exposed, where it is manufact- ured intu lime. Tjjon exposure to atmosphere and frost it crum- bles to pieces; consequently it is not valuable for building purposes. The remains of fishes are the only fossils yet discovered in this formation that can be referred to the sub-kingdom Vertebrata; and so lar as yet recognized, they all belong to the order Selach- ians. Of Articulates, only two species have been recognized, HISTOKT OF IOWA. 81 both of wliicli belong to the genus Phillipsia. The sub-kingdom Mollusca is also largely represented. The Radiata are repre- sented by a few crinoids, usually found in a very imperfect condi-. tion. The sub-kingdom is also represented by corals. The prom- inent feature in the lifeof this epoch was molluscan. It overshad- owed all other brandies of the animal kingdom. The prevailing classes are: Lamellibranchiates, in the more arenaceous portions; and Brachiopods in the more calcareous portions. No remains of vegetation have been detected in any of tiie strata of this formation. The JBurlington limestone formation consists of two distinct cal- careous divisions, separated by a series of silicious beds; both divi- sions are crinoidai. The Burlington limestone is carried down by the soutlierly dip of the Iowa rocks, so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valle}' of Skunk River, near the southern boundary of Des Moines County; it has been recognized in tlie northern part of Washington County, which is the most northerly point that it has been found ; but it probably exists as far north as Marshall Count}'. Much valuable material is afforded by this formation for economic purposes. The upper division fur- nishes excellent common quarry rock. Geologists are attracted by the great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be more than 300. The only remains of vertebrates discovered in this formation are those of tishes, and consist of teeth and spines. Bones of bony tishes are found in these rocks, and on Buffington Creek, Louisa County, is an exposure so fully charged with tliese remains that it migiit with propriety be called bone breccia. Remains of Articu- lates are rare in this formation; so far as yet discovered, they are confined to two species of trilobitcs of the genus Phillipsia. Fos- sil shells are very common. The two lowest classes of the sub-kingdom Radiata are represented in the genera Zaphrentis, Amplexus and Syringapora, while the highest class, Echinoderms, are found in most extraordinary pro- fusion. The Keokuk limestone formation is to be seen only in four counties: Lee, Van Buren, Henry and Des Moines. In some localities the upper silicious portion is known as the Geode bed; it is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, nor in connection with it where it is exposed, about 80 miles below Keokuk. The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less masses of silex, usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz; the outer 82 HISTOKY OF IOWA. crust is rough and unsightly, but the crystals which stud the in- terior are often very beautiful; they vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter. This formation is of great economic value. Large quantities of its stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the postoffices at Dubuque and Des Moines. Tlie prin- cipal quarries are along the banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. The only vertebrate fossils in the formation are fishes, all belonging to the order Selachians, some of which indi- cate that their owners reached a length of 25 or 30 feet. Of the Articulates, only two species of the genus Phillipsia have been found in this formation. Of the Mollusks no Cephalopods have yet been recognized in this formation in Iowa. Gasteropods are rare; Brachiopods and Polyzoans are quite abundant. Of Radi- ates, corals of geneia Zaphrentis, Amplexus and Aulopora are found, but crinoids are most abundant. Of the low forms of ani- mal life, the protozoans, a small fossil related to the sponges, is found in this formation in small numbers. The St. Louis limestone is the uppermost of the snbcarbon- iferous group in Iowa. It occupies a small superficial area, con- sisting of long, narrow strips, yet its extent is very great. It is ' first seen resting on the geoJe division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keokuk; pr(>ceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields in Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jef. ferson, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska Counties; it is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone River, where it again passes out of view under the Coal Measures, until it is next seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in Iowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct sub-divisions: the magnesian, arenaceous and calcareous. Tlie upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when quarries are well opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County large blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of little economic value. The lower, or magnesian division, furnishes a valuable and durable stone, exposures of which are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren County, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. Of the fossils of this formation, the vertebrates are represented only by the remains of fish, belonging to the two orders, Selachians and Ganoids. The Articulates are represented by one species of the trilobite, genus Phillipsia; and two ostracoid genera, Cythra and HISTORY OF IOWA. S3 Beyricla. Tlie MoUusks distinguish this formation more than any other branch of the animal kingdom. Radiates are exceedingly rare, showing a marked contrast between this formation and the two preceding it. The Coal-Measnre Group is properly divided into three forma- tions, viz.: the Lower, Middle and Upper Coal Measures, each having a vertical thickness of about 200 feet. The Lower Coal Measures exist eastward and northward of the Des Moines Kivcr, and also occupy a large area westward and southward of that river, but their southerly dip passes them below the Middle Coal Measures at no great distance from the river. This formation possesses greater economic value than any other in the whole State. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal furnishes a large amount of material for potter's use. The sand- stone of these measures is usually soft and unfit, but in some places, as in Red Rock in Jlarion County, blocks of large dimen- sions are obtained, which make good building material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. But few fossils have been found in any of the strata of the Lower Coal Measures, but such animal remains as have been found are without exception of marine origin. All fossil plants found in these measures probably belong to the class Acrogens. Speci- mens of Calamites and several species of ferns are found in all the Coal Measures, but the genus Lepidodendron seems not to have ex- isted later than the epoch of the Middle Coal Measures. The latter formation occupies a narrow belt of territory in the southern cen- tral portion of the State, embracing a superficial area of about 1,400 square miles. The counties underlaid by this formation are Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Madison, Warren, Clarke, Lucas, Monroe, Wayne and Appanoose. Few species of fossils occur in these beds. Some of the shales and sandstone have afforded a few imperfectly preserved land plants, three or four species of ferns, belonging to the genera. Some of the carboniferous shales afford beautiful specimens of what appear to have been sea-weeds. Radiates are represented by corals. The Mollusks are most numerously represented. Trilobites and ostracoids are the only remains known of Articulates. Verte- brates are only known by the remains of Selachians, or sharks, and ganoids. The Upper Coal Measures occupy a very large area, comprising 13 whole counties, in the southwestern part of the State. By its northern and eastern boundaries it adjoins the area occupied by the 84 HISTOKY OF IOWA. Middle Coal Measures. This formation contains a considerable proportion of shales and sandstone, but the prominent litho- logical features are its limestones. Although it is known by the name of Upper Coal Measures, it contains but a single bed of coal, and that only about 20 inches in maximum thickness. The limestone exposed in this formation furnishes good building material, as in Madison and Fremont Counties. The sandstones are quite worthless. No beds of clay for pcJtter's use are found in the whole formation. The fossils are more numerous than in either the Middle or Lower Coal Measures. The vertebrates are represented by the fishes of the orders Selachians and Ganoids. The Articulates are represented by the trilobites and ostracoids. Mollusks are represented by the classes Cephalapoda, Gasterapoda, Lamellibranchiata, Brachiopoda and Polyzoa. Radiates are more numerous than in the Middle and Lower Coal Measures. Pro- tozoans are represented in the greatest abundance, some la^-ers of limestone being almost entirely composed of their small fusiform shells. CRETACEOUS SYSTEM. The next strata in the geological series are of the Cretaceous age. They are found in the western lialf ot the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations upon which they rest, to the southward and westward, but have a general dip of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. Although the actual exposures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally occupied by them; but they have been removed by denudation, which has taken place at two separate periods. The first period was during its elevation from the cretaceous sea, and during the long Tertiary age that passed between the time of that elevation and the commencement of the Glacial epoch. The second period was during the Glacial epoch, when the ice pro- duced their entire removal over considerable areas. All the cre- taceous rocks in Iowa are a part of the same deposits farther up the Missouri River, and in reality form their eastern boundary. The Nishnabotany sandstone has the most easterly and southerly extent of *hc cretaceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the soutlieastern part of Guthrie County and the southern part of Montgomery County. To the northward, it passes beneath the "Woodbury sand- stones and shales, the latter passing beneath the Inoceramus, or UISTOET OF IOWA. 85 chalkj beds. This sandstone is, with few exceptions, valueless for economic purposes. The only fossils found in this formation are a few fra^^meuts of angiospermous leaves. The strata of AVoodlniry sandstones and shales rest upon the Nishnabotany sandstone, and have not been observed outside of AVoodbury County: hence their name. Their principal e.x'posure is at Sergeant's Blufis, seven miles below Sioux City. This rock has no value except for pur- poses of common masonry. Fossil remains are rare. Detaciied scales of a lepidoginoid species have been detected, but no other vertebrate remains. Of remains of vegetation, leaves of Salix Meekii and Sassfras cretaceum have been occasionally found. The Inoceramus beds rest upon the Woodbury sandstone and shales. They have not been observed in Iowa except in the bluffs which border the Big Sioux River in Woodbury and Plymouth Counties. They are composed almost entirely of calcareous mate- rial, the upper portion of which is extensively used for lime. No building material can be obtained from these beds, and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at some time may be useful on the soil of the adjacent region. The only verte- brate remains found in the cretaceous rocks are the fishes. Those in the Inoceramus beds are two species of squaloid Selachians, or cestracionts, and three genera of teliosts. MoUuscau remains are rare. PEAT. Extensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which it is estimated, contain the following areas: Cerro Gordo Co., 1,500 acres; Worth, 2,000; Winnebago, 2,000; Hancock, 1,500; Wright, 500; Kossuth, 700; Dickinson, 80. Several other counties contain peat beds, but the peat is inferior to that in the northern part of the State. The beds, are of an average depth of four feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds will furnish 250 tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present this peat is not utilized; but owing to its great distance from the coal fields and the ab- sence of timber, the time is coming when their value will be fully realized. GYPSnM. The only sulphate of the alkaline earths of any economic value is gypsum, and it may be found in the vicinity of Fort Dodge in Webster Count}'. The deposit <)CfU]Mcs a nearly central position in the county, the Des Moines River running nearly centrally tiirough HISTOEY OF IOWA. it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen in the form of ordinary rock clifi and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in similar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines Kiver and almost adjoining the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from the northerly point mentioned. The width of the area is unknown, as the gypsum becomes lost beneath the overly- ing drift, as one goes up the ravines and minor valleys. On either side of the creeks and ravines which come into the valley of the Des Moines Eiver, the gypsum is seen jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of ledges and bold quarry fronts, having almost the exact appearance of ordinary limestone expos- ures, so horizontal and regular are its lines of stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The prin- cipal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below Fort Dodge. Age of the Qyysum Deposit. — ^No trace of fossil remains has been found in the gypsum or associated clays; neither has any other indication of its geologic age been observed except that which is afiorded by its stratigraphical relations; the most that can be said with certainty is that it is newer than the coal measures, and older than the drift. The indications afforded by the stratigraph- ical relations of the gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge are, however, of considerable value. No Tertiary deposits are known to exist within or near the borders of Iowa, to suggest that it might be of that ao'e, nor are any of the Palaeozoic strata newer than the sub- carboniferous unconformable upon each other as the other gy])sum is unconformable upon the strata beneath it. It therefore seems, in a measure, conclusive, that the gypsum is of Mesozoic age; per. haps older than the cretaceous. The lithological origin of this deposit is as uncertain as its geo lot^ical age. It seems to present itself in this relation, as in the former one, — an isolated fact. None of the associated strata show any traces of a double decomposition of pre-existing materials, such as some have supposed all deposits of gypsum to have resulted from. No considerable quantities- of oxide of iron nor any trace of native sulphur have been found in connection with it, nor has any salt been found in the waters of the region. These substances are HISTORY OF IOWA. 87 common in association with otlier gypsum deposits, and by many are regarded as indicative of tlie metliod of or resulting from their origin as snch. Throughout tlie whole region the Fort Dodge gypsum lias the exact appearance of a sedimentary deposit. From these facts it seems not unreasonable to entertain the opinion that this gypsum originated as a chemical precipitation in compara- tively still waters which were saturated with sulphate of lime and destitute of life; its stratification and impurities being deposited at the same time as clayey impurities which had been suspended in the same waters. Phynlcal Properties. — Much has already been said of the phys- ical character of this gypsum; but as it is so different in some re- spects from other deposits, there are still other matters worthy of mention in connection with those. According to the results of a complete analysis bj' Prof. Emery, the ordinary gray gypsum contains only about eight per cent, of impurity, and it is possible that the average impurity for the whole deposit will not exceed that proportion, so uniform in quality is it from top to bottom and from one end of the region to the other. As plaster for agricult- ural purposes is soJietimes prepared from gypsum that contains thirty per cent, of impurity, it will be seen that this is a very supe- rior article for such purposes. The impurities are of such a charac- ter that they do not in any way interfere with its value for use in the arts. Although the gypsum rock has a gray color, it becomes quite white by grinding, and still whiter by the calcimining process nec- essary in the preparation of plaster of Paris. These tests have all been practically made in the rooms of the Geological Survey, and the quality of the plaster of Paris still further tested bj' actual use and experiment. The only use yet made of the gypsum by the inhabitants is for the purposes of ordinary building stone. It is so compact that it is found to be comparatively unaffected by frost, and its ordinary situation in walls of houses is such that it is pro- tected from the dissolving action of water, which can at most reach it only from occasional rains, and the effect of these is too slight to be perceived after the lapse of several years. Hon. John F. Duncombe, of Fort Dodge, built a fine residence of it in 1861, the walls of which appear as unaffected by exposure and as beau- tiful as they were when first erected. Several other houses in Fort Dodge have been constructed of it, including the depot baild- 88 HISTOET OF IOWA. ing of the Dubuque & Sioux City Eailroad. Many of the side- walks in the town are made of the slabs or flags of gvpsnm which occur in some of the quarries in the form of thin laj-ers. MINOR DEPOSITS OF SULPHATE OF LIME. Sulphate of lime in the various forms of fibrous gypsum, sele- nite and small, amorphous masses, has also been discovered in va- rious formations in different parts of the State, including the Coal Measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quanti- ties, quite independently of the great gypsum of deposit there. The quantity of gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, usually occurring in shales and shaly clays, associated with strata that contain more or less sul- phuret of iron. Gypsum has thus been detected in the Coal Meas- ures, the St. Louis limestone, the Cretaceous strata, and also in the dead caves of Dubuque. SULPHATE OF STEONTIA. This mineral is found at Fort Dodge, which is, perhaps, the only place in Iowa or in the valley of the Mississippi where it has as yet been discovered. . There it occurs in very small quantities in both the shales of the Lower Coal Measures, and in the clays that overlie the gypsum deposit, and which are regarded as of the same age with it. The mineral is fibrous and crystalline, the fibers be- ing perpendicular to the plane of the layer; it resembles in physical character the layer of fibro-crystalline g_ypsum, before mentioned. Its color is of light blue, is transparent, and shows crystalline facets upon both the upper and under sui-faces ot the layer, those of the upper surface being smaller and more numerous. The layer is probably not more than a rod in extent in any direction, and about three inches in maximum thickness. Apparent lines of stratification occur in it, corresponding with those of the shales which imbed it. The other deposit was still smaller in amount, and occurred as a mass of crystals imbedded in the clays that overlie the gypsum at Cummins' quarry in the valley of Soldier Creek, upon the north side of the town. The mineral in this case is nearly colorless, and somewhat resembles masses of impure salt. The crystals are so closely aggregated that they enclose but little impurity in the mass, but in almost all other cases their fundamental forms are obscured. This mineral has almost no practical value, and is only interesting as a mineralogical fact. HISTORY OK IOWA. 89 8UI.1MIATE OF BARYTA. In Iowa this mineral has been found only in minute quantities. It has been detected in the Coal Measure shales of Decatur, Mad- ison and Marion Counties, Devonian limestone of Johnson and Breiner Counties, and also in the lead caves of Dubuque. It is in the form of crystals or small crystalline masses. SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. Epsomite or native Epsom salts having been discovered near Burlington, all the sulphates of alkaline earths of natural origin have been reco^-nizod in Iowa; all exce]>t the sulphate of lime being in very small quantity. The Epsomite mentioned was found beneath the overhanging clitf of Burlington limestone near Starr's Mill. It occurs in the form of efflorescent encrustations upon the surface of stones, and in similar small fragile masses among the pine debris that has fallen down beneath the overhanging cliff. The ])rojection of the cliti" over the perpendicular face of the strata beneath amounts to near 20 feet at the point where Epsomite was found. The rock upon which it accumulates is an impure lime- stone, containing also some carbonate of magnesia, together with a small proportion of iron pyrites in a finely divided condition. By experiments with this native salt in the office of the Survey, a line article of Epsom salts was produced, but the quantity obtained there is very small, and would be of no practical value on ac- count of the cheapness in the market. CLIMATE. The greatest objection to the climate of this State is the preva- lence of wind, which is somewhat greater than in the States south and east, but not so great as it is west. The air is pure and gener- ally bracing, — the northern part particularly so during the winter. The prevailing direction of the wiml during the whole year is easterly. Corresponding!}-, thunder-storms are somewhat more violent in this State than east or south, but not near so much so as toward the mountains. As elsewhere in the Northwestern States, easterly winds bring rain and snow, while westerly -ones clear the sky. While the highest temperature occurs here in August, the month of July averages the hottest, and January the coldest. The mean temperature of April and October nearly corresponds to the 90 HISTORY OF IOWA. mean temperature of the year, as well as to the seasons of spring and fall, while that of summer and winter is best represented by August and December. Indian summer is delightful and well prolonged. Untimely frosts sometimes occur, but seldom severely enough to do great injury. The wheat crop being a staple product of this state, and not injured at all by frost, this great resource of the State continues intact. SETTLEMENT BY THE WHITES. DISCOTEET AND EXPLORATIONS. On the 18th of May, 1673, James Marquette and Louis Joliet, acting in the interest of and under the direction of the French authorities of Canada, started from the Straits of Mackinaw, in bark canoes, " to find out and explore the great river west of them, of which they had heard marvelous accounts from the In- dians about Lake Michigan." They were accompanied by five other Frenchmen, in the capacity of boatmen. Having coasted along the western shore of Lake Michigan for many days, they entered the bay of the Puants, now known as Green Bay. From the southern extremity of Green Bay they ascended Fox Kiver until they reached an Indian village, where had once been estab- lished a mission by Allouez. They found here a cross, and evidences of a rude sort of Christian worship. This village was the extreme western limit of missionary enterprise, and no European had penetrated beyond it. They were here treated very hospitably by the natives, and were furnished two Indian guides to conduct them across the portage to the Wisconsin River, which was said to flow into the " great river." The Indians, however, deemed their mission hazardous in the extreme, and endeavored to dissuade them frDm it. Keaching the portage, they carried their provisions and light canoes on their backs across the dividing ridge to the banks of the Wisconsin. They were now in the valley of the river they were seeking. The Indians left our travelers at this point, after once more trying to dissuade them from the perilous journey. They told Marquette of fierce nations of Indians who would destroy him without cause. There was a tradition, also, of monsters in the great river that would swallow both man and his HISTORY OF IOWA. 91 canoe; and a demon, or maniton, tliat buried in the boiling waters all who ventured upon them. Marquette simply thanked his friends for tlie warning; but he could not follow their advice, " since the salvation of souls was at stake, for which he would be overjoyed to give his life." They floated down the rapid "Wisconsin seven days, and reached the mighty Mississippi June 17. Entering that majestic current, they " realized a joy that they could not express." Rapidh- and easily they swept down to the solitudes below, and viewed on their journey the hold bluffs and beautiful meadows on the western bank of the stream, now revealed for the first time to the eyes of the white man. This was the discovery of Iowa, and on the basis of this and the subsequent explorations of La Salle, all the vast territory of the Mississippi Valley was claimed by France, and so belonged to her until she ceded it to Spain, as part of Louisiana, in 1G63. Marquette and his party discovered an Indian trail on the west- ern shore about a hundred miles below the mouth of the Wiscon- sin, and determined to trace it and form some acquaintance with the tribes of that region. After a walk of several miles, they came in sight of an Indian town, or village. Commending them- selves to God, they made themselves known by a loud cry. Four old men met them and conducted them into the village. They were presented to the council, and Marquette preached to them of Christianity. He also told them that the great captain of the French, the governor of Canada, had humbled the " Five Nations" of the Iroquois and compelled them to peace. This was good news to the Indians, and procured for Marquette's party a hearty wel- come and a plentiful feast. They remained with these hospitable savages six days, and on their departure were presented with the calumet, or pipe of peace, to be hung from Marquette's neck as a safeguard in perils to come. They then descended the Mississippi again, passed after many davs the point where the transparent Mississippi mingles reluc- tantly with the turbid Missouri, the Pekitanoiii of the Indians- They passed also the confluence of the Ohio, long called the "Wabash, which likewii^e mingles its bright waters reluctantly with the turbid flood. By the middle of June they were in latitude 3.3 ® north. liemaining here a short time with a friendly tribe in what is now Arkansas, they determined to return, as they had practically accomplished their mission. They began to ascend the 92 HISTOKr OF IOWA. river; and after several weeks of hard toil against a strong current, and exposed to numerous privations, tliey reached tlie mouth of the Illinois. Here thej were told bj the Indians that the Illinois afforded a much more direct route to the great lakes than that through the Wisconsin. They spent two weeks in ascending the Illinois and Desplaines. Then crossing to the Chicago Creek, they soon entered Lake Michigan. During the rule of Louisiana by France, no efforts were made to form settlements in the remote country of Iowa. Nor was any- thing done under Spanish rule until 1788, and this was only the individual enterprise of a Frenchman. At this date the greater portion of Iowa was in the possession of the confederated tribes of Sac and Fox Indians. The lirst occupation under claim of title by a white man, of any portion of Iowa soil, was by Julien Dubuque. a native of Canada, who, in 1788, obtained from Bloudeau aud two other chiefs of the Fox Indians, what he asserted was a grant of lands. He bounded his claim as seven leagues on the west bank of the Mississippi, from the mouth of the Little Maquoketa to the* Tetc Des Morts, and three leagues in depth. He also had a quali- fied confirmation of this grant from Carondelet, the Spanish Governor of New Orleans. He married an Indian squaw, and occupied the mines until the time of his death, in 1810, employing about 10 white men in digging mineral. He was buried on the bluff of the Mississippi at the mouth of Catfish Creek, and the city and county of Dubuque were afterward named for him. This claim of Dubuque's was the foundation of a claim to the soil by its heirs, that was long contested in the courts. It was not decided until 1851, when the Supreme Court decided that the grant was DO more than a temporary license to dig ore, and constituted no valid claim to the soil. March 30, 1799, Louis Honore Tesson, also a native of Canada, ob- tained permission from the Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Louisi- ana to establish a trading post at the head of the lower rapids of the Mississippi Kiver, with the concession of a " sufficient space to make the establishment valuable for the commerce of peltries, to watch the Indians, and to keep them in fidelity to his Majesty." He made such a settlement, and it was sold to one of his creditors at sherifi 's sale on the 15th of May, 1803, for $150. This claim was afterward allowed to the extent of 640 acres, and Martin Van Buren issued a patent therefor, Feb. 7, 1839. The Supreme HISTORY OF IOWA. 93 Court of the United States in 1852 adjudicated the title valid, and it now constitutes the oldest legal title to any land within the State. In ISOl the Province of Louisiana was ceded to France by Spain. This cession was at first secret, but as soon as it became known the United States Government began negotiations for the purchase of Louisiana. These negotiations resulted in the sale by France of all her possessions in the Mississippi \''alley to the United States, for the sum of $15,000,000. Tims, in 1803, the territory west of the Mississippi, of course including L)wa, became a possession of the rajiidly growing power which extends from ocean to ocean, and of which Iowa, once the trontier, is now nearly the center. By act of Congress approved March 2(3, 1804, the "Territory of Orleans " (afterward the State of Louisiana) was laid oft. It in- cluded all the territory south of latitude 33° north. The remain der of the province was known and designated as the "District of Louisiana," and was attached to the Territory of Indiana for polit- ical and judicial purposes. In 1804 the expedition of Lewis and Clarke to the head waters of the Missouri visited the western border of Iowa. They buried one of their number. Sergeant Floj'd, on a bluff of the Missouri, near the mouth of the Sioux Iliver. It has ever since been known as Floyd's Bluff. They also held a council of the Indians near the northwest corner of the present county of Pottawatomie, there- after known as Council Bluffs. The name has since been trans- ferred to the county seat of the county, now known as the city of Council Blufis, the present eastern terminus of the Union Pacific Railroad. In 1805-'6 Lieut. Pike led an expedition to discover the source of the Mississippi, and also to conciliate the numerous tribes of Indians then inhabiting the country watered by all the western tributaries of the Mississippi. . He especially endeav- ored to establish amicable relations with those in the immediate vicinity of the frontier settlements. In his explorations upon the Up])er Mississippi, upon the lower tributaries of the Missouri and Arkansas Rivers, Lieut. Pike omitted no ojiportunity for entering into treaties of friendship and peace with the native tribes through which he passed; thus preparing the way for the subsequent sale and relinquishment of lands in advanceof the adventurous pioneer. In the year 1805 the District of Louisiana was erected into the "Territory of Louisiana," with the first grade of Territorial gov- ernment, administered by a governor and Territorial judges. St. Louis was the seat of government. 94 HISTORY OF IOWA. The first governor was Gen. James "Wilkinson, who held the office until the close of the year 1806, when he was succeeded bj Col. Meriwether Lewis. In 1812, when the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana, the name of the Territory of Louisiana was changed to "Missouri Territory." Some changes in government were also made. A representative grade of Territorial government was adopted. The first governor was Gen. Wm. Clarke; thefii'st Ter- itorial assembly consisted of a " Legislative Council,"' composed of nine members, appointed by the president, and a House of Rep- resentatives, elected by the people in the ratio of one to every 500 free white males. The first delegate to Congress was Edward Hempstead. In 1821 Missouri was admitted as a State, but her territory was limited on the south by 36 ° 30' north, and on the north by 40 ^ 30'. The territory to the south, between Missouri and Louisiana, was organized as the "Territory of Arkansas;" but from 1821 to 1834 Iowa may be considered a "political orphan." During this interregnum it is probable that the only civil law in force in Iowa was that provision of the Missouri bill that prohibited slavery and involuntary servitude in the Territories of the United States north of 36® 30' north latitude, and the constitutionality, even of this precious remnant of Lex Scripta, was afterward seriously ques- tioned by the Supreme Court of the United States. The beautiful and fertile prairies and unrivaled plains west of the Upper Mississippi, and north of the Des Moines River, had remained in the occupancy of the native tribes, which had gradu- ally retired west of the great lakes, until they commenced their aggressions against the people of Illinois, under the fierce and vin- dictive Black Hawk, in 1829. After a disastrous war of nearly three years on the northern frontier of the State of Illinois, Black Hawk and his confederates, utterly routed, retired with their des- titute and crest-fallen followers across the Mississippi River, and sought safety and peace in the remote west, within the limits of Iowa. Here the vanquished warriors and their indomitable chief made overtures for a cessation of hostilities, and negotiations for peace. Sept. 15, 1832, Gen. "Winfield Scott concluded a treaty at the present site of the city of Davenport, Iowa, with the confeder- ated tribes of Sac and Fox Indians, by which the Indian title was extinguished to nearly all the land owned or claimed by them. This was a strip of land on the west bank of the Mississippi River, HISTORY OF IOWA. 95 the western boundary of which commenced at a point where is now the southeast corner of Davis County; thence to a point on Cedar River, near the northeast corner of Johnson County; thence north- west to tlie neutral grounds of the Winnebagoes; thence to a point on the ^[ississippi above Prairie du Cliien, and contained about 6,000,000 acres of hmd. This was subsequently known as the *' Black Hawk Purchase." By the terms of this treaty, the Indians might occupy tiio land until June 1, 1833, but on or before that date must retire to the west. No sooner had the stipulated period expired than the white pop- ulation began to advance into the ceded territory, which was speedily overrun by pioneers and exploring parties in search of choice lands, desirable sites for towns, and water-power for future locations. From this date immigration was exceedingly rapid and Iowa's progress uninterrupted. INDIANS OF IOWA. Having traced the early history of the great empire lying west of the Mississippi, from which the State of Iowa has been formed, it becomes necessary to give some history of the Lidians of Iowa. The acknowledged principle of the European nations in making their settlements in America, was that possession perfected title to any territory. We have seen that the country west of the Mississippi was first discovered by the Spaniards, but was after- ward visited and occupied by the French. It was ceded by France to Spain, and by Spain back to France again, and was then pur- chased and occupied by the United States. During all that time it does not appear to have entered the heads or hearts of the high contracting parties, except perhaps the United States, that the country they bought, sold and gave away was in the possession of a race of men who, although savage, owned the vast domain be- fore Columbus first crossed the Atlantic. Having purchased the territory, the United States found it still in the possession of its original owners, who had never been dispossessed, and it became necessary to purchase again what had already been bought, or to forcibly eject the occupant. The United States has generally adopted the former wise and successful policy; and the history, therefore, of the Indian nations who occupied Iowa prior to and during its early settlement by the whites, becomes an important chapter in the history of the State that cannot be omitted. 96 HISTORY OF IOWA. Strange to say, for more thau 100 years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin soil of Iowa, and admired its fertile plains, not a single settlement liad been made or attempted; not even a trading post liad been establislied. Tlie whole country remained in tlie undisputed possession of the native tribes, who ro.imed at will over her beautiful and fertile prairies, hunted in Iter woods, lished in her streams, and often poured out their life-blood in ob- stinate contests for supremacy. That tliis State, so aptly styled "The Beautiful Land," had been the theater of numerous tierce and bloody struggles between the rival nations for possession of the favored region, long before its settlement by civilized man, there is no room for doubt. In these savage wars the weaker party, whether aggressive ordefensive, was either exterminated or driven from its ancient hunting grounds. When Marquette visited this country in 1673, the lUini were a very powerful people, occup\'ing a large portion of the State; but when the country was again visited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on the west side of tlie Mis- sissippi, and Iowa was principally in the possession of tlie Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations, residing in Kew York and on the waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually fought their way westward, and united, probably after the Foxes had been driven out of the Fox River country in 1816, and crossed the Mississippi. The death of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pretext for war against the Illini, and a tierce and bloody struggle ensued, which continued until the Illini were nearly destroyed, and their hunting grounds possessed by their victorious foes. The lowas also occupied a portion of the State for a tune in common with the Sacs, but they, too, were nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and in " The Beautiful Land" these natives met their equally warlike foes, the northern Sioux, with whom they maintained a constant warfare for the possession of the country for many years. In 1803, when Louisiana was purcliased by the United States the Sacs, Foxes and lowas possessed the entire State of Iowa, ana the two former tribes, also, occupied most of Illinois. The Sacs had four principal villages, where most of them re- sided. Their largest and most important town — if an Indian vil- laee mav be called such — and from which emanated most of the obstacles encountered by the Government in the extinguisliment of Indian titles to land in tliis region, was on Rock River, near HISTORY OF IOWA. 97 Rock Island; another was on the east bank of the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson River; the third was at the head of tlie Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose; and tlie fourth was near tlie mouth of the Upper Iowa. The Foxes had three principal villages. One was on the west side of the Mississippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock River; another was about 12 miles from the river, in the rear of the Du- buque lead mines; and the third was on Turkey River. The lowas, at one time identified with the Sacs of Rock River, had withdrawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village was on the Des Moines River, in Van Buren Count}', on the site where lowaville now stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lovvas was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded one divis- ion of the attacking forces. The following account of the battle has been given: Contrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this bat- tle was commenced in the day-time, the attending circumstances justifying this departure from the well-settled usages of Indian warfare. The battle-field was a level river bottom, about four miles in length, and two miles wide near the middle, narrowing to a point at either end. The main area of this bottom rises perhaps 20 feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered with trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a thick forest, and the immediate bank of the river was fringed with a dense growth of willows. Near the lower end of this prairie, near the river bank, was situated tlie Iowa village. About two miles above it and near the middle of the prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and under- brush growing on its summit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that fime, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the nortli, the country rises abruptly into elevated broken river bluffs, covered with a heav}- forest for many miles in extent, and in places thickly clustered witii undergrowth, affording convenient shelter for the stealthy approach of the foe. Through this forest the Sac and Fox war party made their way in the night and secreted themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and make such observations as this near proximity to their intended victims S 98 HISTORY OF IOWA. might afford, to aid them in tlieir contemplated attack on tlie town during the following night. From this situation their spies could take a full survey of the village, and watch every movement of the inliabitants, by which means they were soon convinced that the lowas had no suspicion of their presence. At the foot of the mound above mentioned the lowas had tlieir race course, where they diverted themselves with the e«citement of horse-raqing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry evolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and defense carefully inculcated, by which means a skill in horsemanship was acquired that is rarely excelled. Unfortunately for tliem this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and. wlioUy unconscious of the proximity of their foes, the •warriors repaired to the race-ground, leaving most of their arms in the vinage,and their old men, women and children unprotected. Pa^h-a-po-po, who was cliief in command of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived at once the advantage this state of things afforded for a complete surprise of liis now doomed victims, and ordered Black Hawk to file off with his young warriors through the tall grass and gain the cover of the timber along the river bank, and with the utmost speed reach the village and commence the battle, while he remained with his division in the ambush to make a simultaneous assault on the unarmed men whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the races. The plan was skillfully laid and most dexterously executed. Black Hawk with his forces reached the village undiscovered, and made a furious onslaught upon the de- fenseless inhabitants by firing one general volley into their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomahawk and scalping- knife, aided by the dev^ouringilames with which they enveloped the village as soon as the fire-brand could be spread from lodge to lodge. On the instant of the report of fire-arms at the village, the forces under Pash-a-po-po leaped from their couchant position in the grass, and sprang tiger-like upon the unarmed lowas in the midst of their racing sports. The first impulse of the latter naturally led them to make the utmost speed toward their arms in the village, and pro- tect, if possible, their wives and children from the attack of their merciless assailants. The distance from the place of attack on the prairie was two miles, and a great number fell in their flight by the bullets and tomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a running fire the whole way, and the survivors only HISTOltV OF IOWA. 99 reached their town in time to witness the liorrors of its destruction. Tiieir whole viUai^o was in Ihunes, ;itiJ the dearest objects oF their lives lay in slaugiiterod heaps amidst tlie devouring element, and the agon iziug groans of the dying, mingled with the exulting shouts of the victorious loc, tilled their hearts with maddening despair. Their wives and children wiio had been spared the general massacre were prisoners, and together with tlieir arms in the hands of their victors; and all that could now be done was to draw off their shattered and defenseless forces, and save as ma:iy lives as possible by a retreat across the Des Moines Iiiver,which they effected in the best possible manner, and took a position among the Soap Creek Hills. Previous to the settlement of their village on Rock River, the Sacs and Foxes had a fierce conflict with the Winnebagoes, subdued them and took jjossession of their lands. At o'ne time this village contained upward of 60 lodges, and was among the largest Indian villages on the continent. The number of Sacs and Foxes in 1825, was estimated by the Secretary of War to be 4,600. Their village was situated in the immediate vicinity of the upper rapids of the Mississippi, wliere the flourishing towns of Rock Island and Dav- enport are now situated. The extensive prairies dotted over with groves, the beautiful scenery, the picturesque bluffs along the river banks, the rich and fertile soil producing large crops of corn, squash and other vegetables with little labor, the abundance of wild fruit, game, fish, and almost evferv thing calculated to make it a delightful spot for an Indian village, which was found there, had made this place a favorite home of the Sacs, and secured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole nation. The Sioux located their hunting grounds north of the Sacs and Foxes. They were a fierce and warlike nation who often disputed possessions with their rivals in savage and bloody warfare. The possessions of these tribes wei'e mostly located in Minnesota, but extended over a portion of Northern and Western Iowa to the Mis- souri River. Their descent from the north ui)on the hunting grounds of Iowa frequently brought tliem into collision with the Sacs and Foxes, and after many a conflict and bloody struggle, a boundary line was established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty held at .Prairie du Chieu in JS'25. Instead of settling the diflicultie*, this caused them to quarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespasses upon eicli other's side of the line. So bitter and unruluntiu* became these contests, that in 1830 Government purchased of tlie respective tribes of the 100 HISTOEY OF IOWA. Sacs and Foxes, and tlie Sionx a sti-ip of land 20 miles wiae on both sides of the line, thus throwing thein 40 miles apart by creat- ing a "neutral ground," and commanded them to cease their hos- tilities. They were, however, allowed to fish and hunt on the ground unmolested, provided they did not interfere with each other on United States Territory. In 1S52 there occurred a fight between the Musquaka band of Sacs and Foxes and a band of Sioux, six miles above Algona, in Kos- suth County, on the west side of the Des Moines River. The Sacs and Foxes were under the leadership of Ko-ko-wah, a subordinate chief, and had gone up from their home in Trna County by way of Clear Lake, to what was then the " neutral ground." At Clear Lake Ko-ko-wah was informed that a party of Sioux were encamped on the west side of .the East Fork of the Des Muines, and he de- termined to attack them. He started with 60 warriors and arrived at a point on the east side of the river, about a mile above the Sioux encampment, in the night, and concealedf themselves in a grove, where they were able to discover the position and strength of their foes. The next morning, after many of the Sioux braves had left their camp on hunting tours, the vindictive Sacs and Foxes crossed the river and suddenly attacked the camp. For <• short time the conflict was desperate, but the advantage was witl the assailants, and the Sioux were routed. Sixteen of them , includ ing some of their women and children, were killed, and a boy 14 years old was captured. A squaw shot one of the Musquakas ir the breast as they were rushing into the Sioux camp. H( started to run away when the same brave squaw shot him through the body, at a distance of 20 rods, and he fell dead. Three other Sac braves were killed; but few of the Sionx escaped. The victo- rious party hurriedly buried their own dead, leaving their dead foes above ground, and with great speed made their way home with their captives. Soon after the acquisition of Louisiana, the United States Gov- ernment adopted measures for the exploration of the new Territory, having in view the conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and also the selection of proper sites, for the establishment of military posts and trading stations. The army of the West, Gen. "Wilkinson commanding, had its head- quarters at St. Louis. !^om this post Captains Lewis and Clarke, HISTORY OF IOWA. 101 with a sufficient force, were detailed to explore the unknown sources of the Missouri, and Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike, to ascend to the head waters of the Mississippi. Lieut. Pike, with one serf;;eaQt, two corporals and 17 privates, left the military camp, near St. Louis, in a keel-boat, with four months' rations, Aug. 9, 1S05. On the 20th of the same month the expedition arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Dcs Moines Rapids, where Pike met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian Agent at this point, a French interpreter, four chiefs, 15 Sac and Fox warriors. At the head of the rapids, where Montrose is now situated. Pike held a council with the Indians, in which he addressed them sub- stantially as follows: "Your great Father, the President of the United States, wished to be more intimately acquainted with the situation and wants of the different nations of red people in our newly acquired Territory of Louisiana, and has ordered the General to send a number of his warriors in different directions to take them by the hand and make such inquiries as might afford the satisfaction required." At the close of the council he presented the red men with some knives, tobacco and whisky. On the 23d of August he arrived at what is supposed, from his description, to be the site of the present city of Burlington, which he selected as the location of a military post. He describes the place as "being on a hill, about 40 miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the west side of the river, in latitude about 41<* 21' north. The channel of the river runs on that shore. The hill in front is about 60 feet perpendicular, and nearly level at the top. About -100 yards in the rear is a small prairie fit for gardening, and immediately under the hill is a limestone spring, sufficient for the consumption of a whole regiment." In addition to this description, which corre- sponds to Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the river a short distance below the mouth of the Henderson, which pours its waters into the Mississippi from Illinois. The fort was built at Fort Madison, but from the distance, latitude, de- scription and map furnished by Pike, it could not have been the place selected by him, while all the circumstances corroborate the opinion that the place he selected was the spot where Burlington is now located, called by the early voyagers on the Mississippi, •:F!;nt Hills." In company with one of his men, Pike went on shore on a hunt- ing expedition, and following a stream which they supposed to be a part of the Mississippi, they were led away from their course. 102 HISTOET OF IOWA. Owing to the intense lieat and tall grass, his two favorite dogs^ whicli he had taken with him, hecame exhausted, and he left them on the prairie, supposing that thej would follow him as soon as they should get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. After reaching the river he waited some time for his canine friends; but they did not come, and as he deemed it inexpedient to detain the boat longer, two of his men volunteered to go in pursuit of them, and he continued on his way up the river, expecting that the two men would soon overtake liim. They lost their way, however, and for six days were without food, except a few morsels gathered from the stream, and might have perished had they not accidentally met a trader from St. Louis, who induced two Indians to take them up the river, and they overtook the boat at Dubuque. At the latter place. Pike was cordially received by Julian Dubuque, a Frenchman, who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain; he had an old Held piece and lired a salute in honor of the advent of the first American who had visited that part of the Territory. He was not, however, disposed to publish tiie wealth of his mines, and the young and evidently inquisitive officer obtained but little information from him. Upon leaving this place. Pike pursued his way up the river, but as he passed beyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a de- tailed history of his explorations does not properly belong to this volume. It is sufficient to say that on the site of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, he held a council with the Sioux, Sept. 23, and obtained from them a grant of 100,000 acres of land. Jan. 8, 1806, he ar- rived at a trading post belonging to the Northwest Company, on Lake De Sable, in latitude 47 ° . This company at that time car- ried on their immense operations from Hudson's Bay to the St. Lawrence; up that river, on both sides along the great lakes, to the head of Lake Superior, thence to the sources of the Red River of the North, and west to the Rocky Mountains, embracing within the scope of their operations what was subsequently the State of Iowa. After successfully accomplishing his mission and performing a val- uable service to the whole Northwest, Pike returned to St. Louis, arriving there April 30, 1806. INDIAN WARS. Before the Territory of Iowa could be open to settlement by the whites, it was necessary that the Indian title should be ex- tinguished and the original owners removed. The Territory had HISTORY OF IOWA. 103 been purchased by the United States, but was still occupied by the Indians, who claimed title to the soil by right of possession. In order to accomplish this purpose, large sums of money were ex- pended, besides the frontier being disturbed by Indian wars, ter- minated repeatedly by treaty, only to be renewed by some act of opjircssion on the part of the whites, or some violation of treaty stipulation. When the United States assumed control of the country by vir- tue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State was in pos- session of the Sacs and Foxes, a powerful and warlike nation, who were not disposed to submit without a struggle to what they con- sidered the encroachments of the pale faces. Among the most noted chiefs, and one whoso restlessness and hatred of the Ameri- cans occasioned more trouble to the Government than any other of his tribe, was Black Hawk, who was born at the Sac Village, on Rock River, in ITGT. He was simply the chief of his own band of Sac warriors, but by his energy and ambition he became the lead- ing sjnrit of the united nation of Sacs and Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the country from 1S04 till his death. In early manhood he attained distinction as a figliting chief, having led campaigns against the Osages and other neigh- boring tribes. About the beginning of the present century he be- gan to appear prominent in affairs on the Mississippi. His life was a marvel. He is said by some to have been the victim of a nar- row prejudice and bitter ill-will against the Americans; but if he was their enemy it certainly was not without some show of reason. Upon the cession of Spain to France, in ISOl, it did not give up possession of the country, but retained it, and, by the authority of France, transferred it to the United States in 1804. At that time Black Hawk and his band were in St. Louis, and were invited to be present and witness the transfer; but he refused the invitation, and it is but just to say that this refusal was caused probably more from regret that the Indians were to be transferred from the juris- diction of the Spanish authorities, than from any S])ecial hatred toward the Americans. In his life he says: " I found many sad and gloomy faces because the United States were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the Americans came I took my band and went to take leave of my Spanish fiither. The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them ajiproach, we passed out of ope door as they entered another, and immediately 104: HISTORY OF IOWA. started in our canoes for our village on Rock River, not liking the change any better than our friends appeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that strange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our Spanish father again. The information made all our people sorry." Nov. 3, ISOi, a treaty was concluded between William Henry Harrison, then Governor of Indiani Territory, on behalf of the United States, and tive chiefs of the Sac and Fox nation, by which the latter, in consideration of $2,23i worth of goods then delivered, and a yearly annuity of $1,000 to be paid in goods at just cost, ceded to the United States all that land on the east side of the Mississippi, extending from a point opposite the Jefferson, in Mis- souri, to the Wisconsin River, embracing an area of over 51,000,000 of acres. To this treaty Black H.iwk always objected, and always refused to consider it binding upon his people. He assorted that the chiefs or braves who made it had no authority to relinquish the title of the nation to any of the lands they held or occupied, and, moreover, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite a different errand, namely: to get one of their people released, who had been imprisoned at St. Louis for killing a white man. In 180.5 Lieutenant Pike caino up the river for the purpose of holding friendly councils with the Indians and selecting sites for forts within the Territory recently acquired from France by the United States. Lieut. Pike seems to have been the first American whom Black Hawk ever met or had a personal interview with, and he seemed very much prepossessed in his favor. He gives the fol- lowing apconnt of his visit to Rock Island: "A boat came up the river with a young American chief and a small party of soldiers. We heard of them soon after we passed Salt River. Some of our young braves watched them every day to see what sort of people he had on board. The boat at leno-th arrived at Rock River, and the young chief came on shore with his interpreter, made a speech and gave us some presents. We in turn presented him with meat and such other provisions as we had to spare. We were well pleased with the young chief; he gave us good advice and said oui American father would treat us well." Fort Edwards was erected soon after Pike's expedition, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, also Fort Ma lison, on the site of the pres ent town of that name, the latter being the first fort erected il Iowa. These movements occasioned great uneasiness among the Indians. When work was commenced on Fort Edwards, adelega- HISTORY OF IOWA. 105 tion from their nation, headed by some of their chiefs, went down to see what tlie Americans were doing, and had an interview with the commander; after which they returneii home and were appar- ently satistied. In lilce manner, when Fort Madison was being erected, tiiej sent down another delci^ation from a council of the nation held at Hock lliver. According to Black Hawk's account, the American chief told them that he was building a house for a trader, who was coming to sell them goods cheap, and that the sol- diers were coming to keep him company, — ^a statement which Black Hawk says they distrusted at the time, believing that the fort was an encroachment upon their rights, and designed to aid in getting their Liiuls away from them. It is claimed, by good author- ity, that the building of Fort Madison was a violation of the treaty of 1804. By the 11th article of that treaty, the United States had a right to build a fort near the mouth of the Wisconsin lliver, and by article 6, they had bound themselves "that if any citizen of the United States or any other white persons should form a settlement upon their lands, such intruders should forthwith be removed." Probably the authorities of the United States did not regard the establishment of military posts as coming properly within the meaning of the term ''settlement'' as used in the treaty. At all events, they erected Fort Madison within the territory reserved to the Indians, who became very indignant. Very soon after the fort was built, a pai'ty led by Black Hawk attempted its destruction. They sent spies to watch the move- ments of the garrison, who ascertained that the soldiers were in the habit of marching out of the fort every morning and evening for parade, and the plan of the party was to conceal themselves near the fort, and attack and surprise them when they were outside. On the morning of the proposed day of the attack, five soldiers came out and were fired upon by the Indians, two of them being killed. The Indians were too hasty in their movement, for the parade had not commenced. However, they kept up the attack several days, attempting the old Fox strategy of setting fire to the fort with blaz- ing arrows; but finding their eflforts unavailing, they soon gave up and returned to Kock liiver. In 1812, when war was declared between this country and Great Britain, Black Hawk and his band allied themselves with the British, partly because he was dazzled by their specious promises, but more probably because they were deceived by the Americans. Black Uawk himself declared that they were "forced into the war 106 HISTOET OF IO\YA. !ij being deceived." He narrates the circurastance as follows: " Sev- eral of the head men and chiefs of the Sacs and Foxes were called upon to go to Washington to see their Great Fatlier. On their return thej related what had been said and done. They said the Great Father wished them, in the event of a war taking place with England, not to interfere on either side, but to remain neutral. He did not want our help, but wished us to hunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that British traders would not be permitted to come on the Mississippi to furnish us with goods, but that we should be supplied with an American trader. Our chiefs then told him that the British traders alwajs gave them credit in the fall for guns, powder aud goods, to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. He repeated that the traders at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods; that we should go there in tlie fall and he would supply us on credit, as the British traders had done." Black Hawk seems to have accepted the proposition, and he and his people were very much pleased. Acting in good faith, they fitted out for their winter's hunt, and went to Fort Mad- ison in high spirits to receive from the trader their outfit of supplies; but after waiting some time, they were told by the trader that he would not trust them. In vain they pleaded the promise of their Great Father at "Washington; the trader was inexorable. Disappointed and crest fallen, the Indians turned sadly to their own village. Says Black Hawk: "Few of us slept that night. All was gloom aud discontent. In the morning a canoe was seen as- cending the, river; it soon arrived bearing an express, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock Island with two boats filled with goods, and requested us to come up immedi- ately, because he had good news for us, and a variety of presents. The express presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran through our camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down and all started for Rock Island. Here ended all our hopes of remaining at peace, having been forced into tlie war by being deceived." He joined the British, who flattered him, and styled him "Gen. Black Hawk," decked him with medals, excited his jealousy against the Americans, and armed his band; but he met with defeat and disappointment, and soon abandoned the service and came home. There was a portion of the Sacs and Foxes, whom Black Hawk with all his skill and cunning could not lead into hostilities to the United States. With Keokuk ("The Watchful Fox") at their HISTORY OF IOWA. 107 head, they were disposed to abide b}- the treaty of 1804, and to cultivate frioiidiv relatinns witli the Aincricaii people. So when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great Britain, the rest of tlie nation remained nentral, and for protection, organized, with Konkuk for their chief. Thus, the nation was divided into the "War and Peace party." Black Hawk saj's he was informed after he was gone to the war, that the nation, which had been reduced to so small a body of fighting men, were nnable to defend themselves in case the Americans should attack them, and having all the old men, women and children belonging to the warriors who had joined the British on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was agreed that Qiiash-qua-me (the lanco) and other chiefs, together with the old men, women and children, and such others as chose to accompany them, should go to St. Lonis and place themselves under tlie American Chief stationed there. Ac- cordingly they went down, and were received as the '"friendly baud" of Sacs and Foxes, and were jjrovided for and sent up the Missouri River. On Black IIa«-k's return from the British army, he says Keokuk was introduced to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. He inquired liow he had become chief, and was in- formed that their spies had seen a large armed force going toward Peoria, and fears were entertained of an attack upon the village; whereupon a council was held, which concluded to leave the village and cross over to the other side of the Mississippi. Keokuk had been standing at tlie door of the lodge when the council was held, not lining allowed to enter on account of never having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me came out. Keokuk asked permission to speak to the council, which Wa-co-me obtained for him. He then addressed the chiefs. He remonstrated against the desertion of their village, their own homes and the graves of their fathers, and offered to defend the village. The council con- sented that lie should be their war chief. He marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on the leading trail to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. The Americans did not dis- turb the village, and all were satisfied with the ajipointmcnt of Keokuk. Like Black Hawk, he was a descendant of the Sac branch of the nation, and was born on RockTliver in 1780. He was of a pacific disposition, but possessed tiie elements of true courage, and could fight when occasion required, with cool judgment and heroic energy. In his first battle he encountered and killed a Sioux, which ]>laced iiiin in the raidc of warriors, and he was hon- ored with a public feast by his tribe in commemoration of the event. 108 HISTORY OF IOWA. In person, Keokuk was tall and of portly bearing. In his public speeches he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures. He has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with the most gifted of his race. He spoke rapidly, but his enunciation was clear, distinct and forcible; he culled his figures from the stores of nature and based his arguments on skillful logic. Unfortunately for his reputation as an orator among white people, he was never able to obtain an intrepreter who could claim even a slight acquaintance with philosophy. With one exception only, his intrepreters were unacquainted with the elements of their mother-tongue. Of this serious hindrance to his fame he was well aware, and retained Frank Labershure, who had received a rudiraental education in the French and English languages, until the latter broke down by dissipation and died. Keokuk was thus compelled to submit his speeches for translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell far below the flights of a gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was beyond their power of reproduction. Keokuk had suflicient knowledge of the English language to make him sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling of mortification at the bungling efforts was depicted on his countenance while speaking. The proper place to form a cor- rect estimate of his ability as an orator was in the Indian counc'l, where he addressed himself exclusively to those who understood his language, and witnessed the electrical effect of his eloquence upon his council. He seems to have possessed a more sober judg- ment, and to have had a more intelligent view of the great strength and resources of the United States, than his noted and restless co- temporary. Black Hawk. He knew from the first that the reck- less war which Black Hawk and his band had determined to carry on could result in nothing but disaster and defeat, and he used every argument against it. The large number of warriors whom he had dissuaded from following Black Hawk became, however, greatly excited with the war spirit after Stillman's defeat, and but for the signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would have forced him to submit to their wishes in joining the rest of the warriors in the field. A war dance was held, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be moved with the current of the rising storm. When the dance was over he called the council together to prepare for war. He made a speech in which he admitted the justice of their comjdaints against the Americans. To seek redress was a noble aspiration of their nature. The blood of their breth- HISTORY OF KnVA. 109 reii liad been shed by the white iiKui, aiipi during the war of 1S32, and they also made incursions into the white settle- ments in the lead-mining regions. Black Hawk entered into a treaty with the United States at Portage des Sioux, Sept. 1-t, 1815, but did not " tou^h the goose- quill " to it until May 13, 1816, when he smoked the pipe of peace with the "great white chief" at St. Louis. This treaty was a re- newal of the treaty of ISO Jr, but Black Hawk declared he had been deceived; that he did not know that by signing the treaty he was giving away his village. This weighed upon his mind, alreadv soured by previous disappointment and the irresistible encroach- ments of the whites, and when, a few years later, he and his peo- ple were driven from their possessions by the military, he de- termined to return to tlu home of his fathers. It is also to be remarked that in 1816, by treaty with the various tribes, the United States relinquished to the Indians all the lands lying north of a line drawn from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan west to the Mississippi, except a reservation five leagues square, on the Mississip])i River, supposed then to be sufficient to include all the mineral lands on and adjacent to Fever River, and one league square at the mouth of the Wisconsin River. From this time there was no serious trouble with tlie Indians until the Black Hawk War; and, indeed, this did not take place on Iowa soil. For a full account of this see page .57 110 ' HISTORY OF IOWA. INDIAN TREATIES. All of Iowa, it has been stated, was in the actual possession of the Indians; so tliat the re-inirchase of thesoil by the United States Government became necessary. This was effected in a series of treaties and purchases, of which a synopsis is here given: The territory known as the "Black Hawk Purchase." although not the first portion of Towaceded to the United States by the Sacs and Foxes, was the first opened to actual settlement by the tide of emigration which flowed across the Mississippi as soon as the Indian title was extinguished. The treaty which provided for this cession was made at a council held on the west bank of the Mis- sissippi, where now stands the thriving city of Davenport, on ground now occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R .Co., Sept. 21, 1832. This was just after the "Black Hawk War," and the defeated savages had retired from east of the Mississippi. At the council the Government was represented by Gen. Wintield Scott and Gov. Reynolds^of Illinois. Keokuk, Pashapaho and some 30 other chiefs and warriors were present. By this treaty the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States a strip of laud on the eastern border of Iowa .50 miles wide, from the northern boundarv of Mis- souri to the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, containing about 6,000,000 acres. The western line of the purchase was parallel with the Mississippi. In consideration of this cession, the United States Government stipulated to pay annually to the confederated tribes, for 30 consecutive years, §20,000 in specie, and to pay the debts of the Indians at Rock Island, which had been accumula- ting for lY years, and amounted to $50,000 due to Davenport & Farnham, Indian traders. The Government also generously donated to the Sac and Fox women and children whose husbands and fiithers had fallen in the Black Hawk War, 35 beef cattle, 12 bushels of salt, 30 barrels of pork, 50 barrels of flour and 6,000 bushels of corn. The treaty was ratified Feb. 13, 1833, and took effect on the 1st of June following, when the Indians quietly removed from the ceded territory, and this fertile and beautiful region was opened to white settlers. By terms of the treaty, out of the Black Hawk purchase was reserved for the Sacs and Foxes 400 square miles of land, situated on the Iowa River, and including within its limits Keokuk vilhi'-'e, on the right bank of that river. This tract was known as Keokuk's IIISTOUV OK IOWA. Ill reserve, and was occupied by the Indians until 1S3G, when, by a treaty mule in September between tliera and Gov. Dodge, of Wis- consin Territory, it was ceded to the United States. The council was held on the banks of the Mississippi, above Davenport, and was the largest assemblage of the kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands. About 1,000 of their chiefs and braves were present, and Keokuk was the leading spirit of tlie occasion, and their principal speaker. By the terms of this treaty, the Sacs and Foxes were removed to another reservation on the Des itoiues Hiver, where an agency was established for them at what is now the town of Agency City. The Government also gave out of the Ulack Hawk purchase to Antoine Le Clare, interpreter, in fee simple, one section of land opposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids above the island on the Iowa side. This was the first land title granted by the United States to an individual in Iowa. Gen. Joseph M. Street establisiied an agency among the Sacs and Foxes very soon after the removal of the latter to their new reserva- tion. He was transferred from the agency of the Winnebagoes for this pur]ioie. A farm was selected upon which the necessary build- ings were erected, including a comfortable farm house for the agent and his family, at the expense of the Iiulian fund. A sala- ried agent was employed to superintend the farm and dispose of the crops. Two mills were erected, one on Soaj) Creek and the other on Sugar Creek. The latter was soon swept away by a flood, but the former remained and did good service for many years. Connected with the agency were Joseph Snnirt and John Good- ell, interjjreters. The latter was intor])rL'tcr for Hard Fish's band. Three of the Indian chiefs, Ktokuk, Wapello and Appa- noose, had each a lai-ge field improved, the two former on the right bank of the Des Moines, back from the river, in what is now " Keo- kuk's Prairie," and the latter on ilie ])rejent site of the city of Ot- tuniwa. Among the traders connected with their agency were the Messrs. Ewing, fr.jin Ohio, and I'helps li: Co. from Illinois, and also J. P. Eddy, who established his post at what is now the site of Ed'lyville. The Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the absence of their natural and wonted excitements, and many of them plunged into dissipation. Keokuk himself became dissipated in the latter years of his life, and it has been reported that he died of delirium tremens nt'ter his removal with his tribe to Kansas. In May, 184:3, most of the Indians were removed up the Des Moines 112 HISTORY OF IOWA. River, above the temporary line of Red Rock, having ceded the remnant of tlieir lands in Iowa to the United States, Sept. 21. 1837, and October 11, 1842. By the terms of the latter treaty, they held possession of the " Now Purchase " till the autumn of 184.5, when the most of them were removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed in 1846. Before any permanent settlement was made in the Territory of Iowa, white adventurers, trappers and traders, many of whom were scattered along the Mississippi and its tributaries, as agents and employes of the American Fur Company, intermarried with the females of the Sac and Fox Indians, pro'ducing a race of half-breeds, whose number was never definitely ascertained. There were some respectable and excellent people among them, children of some re- finement and education. For instance: Dr. Muir, a gentleman educated at Edinburg, Scotland, a surgeon in the United States Army, stationed at a military post located on the present site of Warsaw, married an Indian woman, and reared his family of three daughters in the city of Keokuk. Other examples might be cited, but they are probably exceptions to tlie general rule, and the race is now nearly or quite extinct in Iowa. Aug. 4, 1824, a treatj' was made between the United States and the Sacs and Foxes, by which that portion of Lee County was reserved to the half-breeds of those tribes, and which was afterward known as the " half-breed tract." This reservation is the triangular piece of land containing about 119,000 acres, lying between the Mississippi and Des Moines Rivers. It is bounded on the north by the prolongation of the northern line of Missouri. This line was intended to be a straight one, running due east, which would have caused it to strike the Mississippi River at or below Montrose; but the surveyor who run it took no notice of the change in the variation of the needle, as he proceeded eastward, and, in conse- quence, the line he run was bent, deviating more and more to the northward of a direct line as he approached the Mississippi River, so that it struck that river at the lower edge of the town of Fort Madison. " This erroneous line," says Judge Mason, " has been acquiesced in as well in fixing the northern limit of the half-breed tract as in determining the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri." The line thus run included in the reservation a portion of the lower part of the city of Fort Madison, and all of the present townships of Yan Buren, Charleston, Jefferson, Des Moines,Mont- rose and Jackson. Under the treaty of 1824, the half-breeds had HISTORY OF IOWA. 113 the right to occupy the soil, bnt could not convey it, the reversion being reserved to tlie United States. But Jan. 30, 1834, by act of Congress, this reversionary riglit was relinquished, and the half-breeds ac(iuired the lands in fee simple. This was no sooner done, than a horde of speculators rushed in to buy land of the half- breed owners, and, in many instances, a gun, blanket, pony or a few quarts of whisky was sufficient for the purchase of large estates. There was a deal of sharp practice on both sides. Indians would often claim ownership of land by virtue of being half-breeds, and had no difficulty in proving their nii.xed blood by the Indians, and they would then cheat the speculators by selling land to which they liad no rightful title. On the other hand, speculators often claimed land in which they had no ownership. It was diamond cut diamond, until at last things became badU' mixed. There were no authorized surveys, and no boundary lines to claim, and as a natural result, numerous conflicts and quarrels ensued. January 16, 1S38, Edward Johnstone, Thomas S. Wilson, and Davitl Brigham were appointed commissioners by the Wisconsin Legislature, clothed with power to settle their difficulties,' and to decide upon the validity of claims, or sell them for the benefit of the real owners. The act provided that these commissioners should be paid six dollars a day each. The commission entered upon its duties and continued until the next session of the Legislature, when the act creating it was repealed, invalidating all that had been done, and depriving the commissioners of their pay. The repealing act, however, authorized the commissioners to commence action against the owners of the Half-Breed Tract, to receive pay for their services, in the District Court of Lee County. Twp judgments were ob- tained, and on execution the whole act was sold to Hugh T. Reid, the sheriff executing the deed. Mr. Reid sold portions of it to various parties, but his own title was questioned and he became involved in litigation. Decisions in favor of Reid and those holding under him were made by both District and Supreme Courts; but in December, 1850, these decisions were finally reversed by the Supreme Court of the United States, in the case of Joseph Webster, plaintiff in error, vs. Hugh T. Reid, and the judgment titles failed. About nine years before the judgment titles were finally abro- gated &<* above, another class of titles was brought into competition with them, and in the conflict between the two, the final decision was obtained. These were the titles based on the " decree of partition " issued by the United States District Court, for the 114 HISTOKT OF IOWA. Territory of Iowa, May 8, 1841, and certified to by the clerk on the 2d day of June of the same year. Edward Johnstone and Hugh T. Reid, then law partners at Fort Madison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of the St. Louis claimants of half-breed lands. Francis S. Key, author of the Star-Spangled Banner, who was tlien attorney for the New York Land Company, which held heavy interests in these lands, took a leading part in the measure and drew up the documents in which it was presented to the court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, presided. The plan of par- tition divided the tract into 101 shares and arranged that each claimant should draw his proportion by lot, and sliould abide the result, whatever it might be. The arrangement was entered into, the lots drawn, and the plat of the same filed in the Kecorder's office. Oct. 6, 1S41. Upon this basis the titles to the land in the Ilalf-Breed Tract are now held. We subjoin a synopsis. of the diflferent treaties made with the Indians of Iowa. 1. Treaty with the Sioux — Made July 15, 1875; ratified Dec. 16, 1815. This treaty was made at Portage des Sioux of Min- nesota and Upper Iowa, and the United States, by William Clark and Ninian Edwards, Commissioners, and was merely a treatise of peace and friendship on the part of these Indians toward the United States at the close of the war of 1813. 2. Treaty with the Sacs. — A similar treaty of peace was made at Portage des Siou.v, between the United States and the Sacs, by William Clark, Ninian Edwards and Auguste Choteau, on the 13th of Sept., 1815, and ratified at the same date as the above. In this the treaty of 1804 was re-afiirmed, and the Sacs here repre- sented promised for themselves and their bands to keep entirely separate from the Sacs of Tlock River, who, under Black Hawk, had joined the British in the war just then closed. 3. Treaty with the Foxes. — A separate treaty of peace was made with the Foxes at Portage des Sioux, by the same commis- sioners, on the 14th of September, 1S15, and ratified the same as the above, wherein the Foxes re-affirmed the treaty of St. Louis, of Nov. 3, 1804, and agreed to deliver up all their prisoners to the officer in command at Fort Clark, now Peoria, Illinois. 4. Treaty with the lowas. — A treaty of peace and mutual good- will was made between the United States and the Iowa tribe of Indians, at Portage des Sioux, by the same commissioners as above, on the 16th of Sept., 1815, at the close of the war with Great Britain, and ratified at the same date as the others. HISTOKY OF IOWA. 115 5. Treaty with the Sacs of Rock River — Made at St. Louis, on the thirteentli of May, 1816, botwooii the United States and the Sacs of Rock River, by the commissioners, "William Clark, Ninian Edwards and Auguste Chotoan, and ratified Dec. 30, IS 16. In this treaty, that of ISOl was re-established and enforced by the cliiefs and liead men of the Sacs of Rock River, and Black Hawk himself attached to it his signature, or, as he said, " touched the goose-quill." 6. Treaty of 1824.— On the 4th of August, 1824, a treaty was made between the United States and the Sacs and Foxes, in the city of Washington, by William Clark, Commissioner, wherein the Sac and Fox nation relinquished their title to all lands -n Missouri, and that portion of the southeast corner of Iowa known as the " half-breed tract" was set off and reserved for the use of the half- breeds of the Sacs and Foxes, tliey holding title in the same manner as Indians. Ratified Jan. 18, 1825. 7. Treaty of August 19, 1825. — At this date a treaty was made by William Clark and Lewis Cass, at Prairie duChien, between the United States and the Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Menominees, Winuebagoes and a portion of the Ottawas and Pottawatomies. In this treaty, in order to make peace between the contending tribes as to the limits of their respective hunting grounds in Iowa, it was agreed that the United States Government should run a boundary line between the Sioux, on the north, and the Sacs and Foxes on the south, as follows: Commencing at the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, on the west bank of the Mississippi, and ascending said Iowa River to its west fork; thence up the fork to its source; thence crossing the fork of Red Cedar River in a direct line to the second or upper fork of the Des Moines River; thence in a direct line to the lower fork of the Calumet River, and down that fork to its junction with the Missouri River. 8. Treaty of 1830.— On the 15th of July, 1830, the confederate tribes of tiie Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States a strip of country lying south of the above line, 20 miles in width, and extending along the line aforesaid from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. The Sioux also, whose possessions were north of the line, ceded to the Government in the same treaty a like strip on the north side of the boundary. Tlius the United States, at tiie ratification of this treaty, Feb. 24, 1831, came into possession of a portion of Iowa 40 miled wide, extending along the Clark and Cass 116 HISTORY OF IOWA. line of 1825, from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. This territory was known as the '" Keutral Ground," and the tribes on either side of the line were allowed to fish and hunt on it unmo- lested until it was made a "Winnebago reservation, and the Winne- bagoes were removed to it in 1S41. 9. Treaty with the S'lcs and Foxes and other Tribes. — At the same time of the above treaty respecting the " Neutral Ground " (July 15, 1S30), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux. Omalias, lowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a portion of the western slope of Iowa, the boundaries of which were defined as follows : beginning at the upper fork of the Des Moines River, and passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd Rivers, to the bank of the first creek that falls into the Big Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side; thence down said creek and the Calumet River to the Missouri River; thence down said Missouri River to the Missouri State line above the Kansas; thence along said line to the northwest corner of said State; thence to the high lands between the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, passing to said high lands along the dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand River; thence along said high lands or ridge separating the waters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a point opposite the source of the Boyer River, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of beginning. It was understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty were to be assigned and allotted, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the tribes then living thereon, or to such other tribes as the President might locate thereon for hunting and other purposes. In consideration of three tracts of land ceded in this treaty, the United States agreed to pay to the Sacs $3,000; to the Foxes. S^.OOO; to the Sioux, $2,000; to the Yankton and Santee bands of Sirmx, $3,000; to the Omahas, $1,500; and to the Ottoes and Missouris, $2,500, to be paid annually for 10 suc- cessive years. In addition to these annuities, the Government agreed to furnish some of the tribes with blacksmiths and agricultu- ral implements to the amount of $200 at the expense of the United States, and to set apart $3,000 annually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does not appear that any fort was erected in this Territory prior to the erection of Fort Atkinson on the Neutral Ground in 1840-'41. This treaty was made by William Clark, Superintendent of Indian .\ftairs, and Col. Willou<;hby Morgan, of the United States First Infantry, and came into effect by proclamation, Feb. 24, 1831. HISTORY OF IOWA. 1 ] 7 10. Treaty with the Wlnnehagoes — Made at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, Sept. 15, 1832, by Gen. Winficld Scott and Hon. Jolin Reynolds, Governor of Illinois. In this treaty the Winne- bagoes ceded to the United States all their land lying on the east side of the Mississippi, and in part consideration therefor the United States granted to the Winnebagoes, to be held as other In- dian lands are held, that portion of Iowa known as the Neutral Grounds. The exchange of the two tracts of countiy was to take place on or before the 1st day of June, 1833. In addition to the Neutral Grounds, it was stipulated tliat the United States should give the Winnebagoes, beginning in September, 1833, and continu- ing for "27 successive years, $10,000 in specie, and establish a school among them, with a farm and garden, and provide other facilities for the education of their children, not to exceed in cost $3,000 a year, and to continue the same for 27 successive years. Six agriculturists, 12 yoke of oxen, and plows and other farming tools were to be supplied by the Government. 11. Treaty of 'if^^2 vifk the Sacs and Foxes — Already men- tioned as the Black Ilawk purchase. 12. Treaty of 183(5 withthe Sacs and Foxes — Ceding Keokuk's reserve to the United States, for which the Government stipulated to pay $30,000, and an annuity of $10,000 for 10 successive ye irs, together with other sums and debts of the Indians to various par- ties. 13. Treaty of ISZl. —On the 21st of October, 1837, a treaty was made at the city of Washington, between Carey A. Harris, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the confederate tribes of Sacs and Foxes, ratified Feb. 21, 1838, wherein another slice of the soil of Iowa was obtained, described in the treaty as follows: " A tract of country containing 1,250,000 acres, lying west and adjoiningthe tract conveyed by them to the United States in tiie treaty of Sept. 21. 1832. It is understood that the points of termination for the present cession shall be the northern and southern points of said tract as fixed by the survey made under the authority of the United States, and that a line shall be drawn between them so as to inter- sect aline extended westwardly from the angle of said tract nearly opposite to Rock Island, as laid down in the above survey, so far as may be necessary to include the number of acres hereby ceded, which last mentioned line, it is estimated, will be about 25 miles." Thisjiiece of land was about 25 miles in the middle, and ran off to a j)oint at both ends, lying directly back of the Black Hawk pur- chase, and of the same length. 118 HISTORY OF IOWA. 14. Treaty of Relinquishment. — At the same date as the above treat}', in the city of "Washington, Carey A. Harris, Commissioner, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all their riglit and interest in the country lying south of the boundary line between the Sacs, Foxes and Sioux, as described in the treaty of Aug. 19, 1825, and between the Missouri and Mississippi Eivers, the United States paying for the same $160,000. The Indians also gave up all claims and interests under the treaties previously made with them, for the satisfaction of which no appropriations had been made. 15. Treaty of 1842. — The last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes Oct. 11, 1842; ratified March 23, 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox agency (Agency City), by John Chambers, Com- missioner on behalf of the United States. In this treaty the Sac and Fox Indians ceded to the United States all their lands west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim or title. Qy the terms of this treaty they were to be removed from the country at the ex- piration of three years, and all who remained after that were to move at their own expense. Part of them were removed to Kansas in the fall of 1845, and the rest the spring following. OLD CLAIMS. When Louisiana was under Spanish rule, certain claims to and grants of land were made by the Spanish authorities, with which, in addition to the extinguishment of Indian titles, the United States had to deal. These have been alluded to in another section, but it is proper they should be further reviewed in the light of claims to land. Dubuque. Sept. 22, 1788, Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman from Prairie du Chien, obtained from the Foxes a cession or lease of lands oa the Mississippi River for mining purposes, on the site of the present city of Dubuque. Lead had been discovered here eight years before, in 1780, by the wife of Peusa Fox, a warrior, •And Dubuque's claim embraced nearly all the lead-bearing lands in that vicinity. He immediately took possession of his claim and commenced mining, at the same time making a settlement. Tlie place became known as the " Spanish Mines," or, more commonly, Dubuque's Lead Mines. In 1796, Dubuque filed a petition with Baron de Carondelet, the Spanish Governor of Louisiana, asking that the tract ceded to him by the Indians might be granted to him by patent from the Spanish Government. In this petition he HISTORY OF IOWA. 119 set forth, rather definitely, the boundaries of this claim as " about seven leagues along the Mississippi River," intending to include, as is supposed, the river front between the Little Maquoketa and the Tete des Mertz Rivers, embracing more than 20,000 acres. Carondelet granted the prayer of the petition, and the grant was subsequently confirmed by the Board of Land Commissioners of Louisiana. In October, 1804, Dubuque transferred the larger part of his claim to Auguste Chotcau, of St. Louis, and May 17, 1805, he and Choteau jointly filed their claims with the Board of Com- missioners. Sept. 20, 1806, the Baard decided in their favor, pronouncing the claim to be a regular Spanish grant, made and completed prior to Oct. 1, 1800, only one member, J. B. C. Lucas, dissenting. Dubuque died March 24, 1810. The Indians understanding that the claim of Dubuque under their former act of cession was only a permit to occupy the tract and work the mines during his life, and at his death reverted to them, took possession and continued min- ing operations, and were sustained by the military authority of the United States, notwithstanding the decision of the Commissioners. When the Black Hawk purchase was consummated, the Dubuque claims thus held by the Indians was absorbed by the United States, as the Sacs and Foxes made no reservation of it in the treaty of 1832. The heirs of Choteau, however, were not disposed to relinquish their claims without a struggle. Late in 1832 they employed an agent to look after their interests, and authorized him to lease the ritrht to digr lead in the lands. The miners who commenced work under this agent were compelled by the military to abandon their operations, and one of the claimants went to Galena to institute legal proceedings, but found no court of competent jurisdiction, although he did bring an action for the recovery of a quantity of lead dug at Dubuque, for the purpose of testing the title. Being unable to identify the lead, he was non-suited. By act of Congress, approved July 2, 1836, the town of Dubuque was surveyed and platted. After lots had been sold and occupied by the purchaser, Henry Choteau brought an action of ejectment against Patrick Maloney,who held land in Dubuque under a patent from the United States for the recovery of seven undivided eighth parts of the Dubuque claim, as purchased by Auguste Choteau in 1804. The case was tried in the District Court of the United States for the District of Iowa, and was decided adversely to the plaintiff. The case was then carried to the Supreme Court of the United 120 HISTOEY OF IOWA. States on a writ of error, when it was lieard at the December term, 1S53, and tlie decision of the lower court was affirmed, the court holding that the permit from Carondelet was merely a lease or permit to work the mines; that Dnbuque asked, and the Governor of Louisiana granted, nothing more than the " peaceable possession" of certain lauds obtained from tlie Indians; tliat Carondelet had no legal authority to make such a grant as claimed; and that, even if he had, this was but an "inchoate and imperfect title." A tract of land was granted to Louis Ilonori, in March, 1799, by Zenau Trudeau, acting Lieut. Governor of Upper Louisiana. This tract was on the site of the present town of Montrose, and was granted as follows: " It is permitted to Mr. Louis (Fresson) Honori ' or Louis Honori Fresson, to establish himself at the head of the rapids of the river Des Moines, and his establishment once formed, notice of it shall be given to the Governor-General, in order to obtain for him a commission of a space sufficient to give value to such establishment, and at the same time to render it useful to the commerce of the peltries of this country, to watch the Indians and keep them in the fidelity which they owe to his majesty." Ilonori immediately took possession of his claim, which he retained until 1805. While trading with the natives he became indebted to Joseph Robedeaux, who obtained an execution on which the property was sold May 13, 1803, and was purchased by the creditors. In these proceedings the property was described as being " about six leagues above the River Des Moines." Robedeaux died soon after he purchased the property. Auguste Choteau, his executor, dis- posed of the Honori tract to Thomas F. Reddeck, in April, 1805, up to which time Honori continued to occupy it. The grant, as made by the Spanish Government, was a league square, but only one mile square was confirmed by the United States. After the half-breeds sold their lands, in which the Honori grant was included, various claimants resorted to litigation in attempts to invalidate the title of the Reddeck heirs, butit was finally confirmed by a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1839, and is the oldest legal title to any land in the State of Iowa. In 1795, a tract of land was granted to Basil Girard by the Lieut. Governor of Upper Louisiana. There were 5,860 acres in this tract, and was on the site of what is now Cla3'ton County, and was known as the "Girard Tract." He occupied the land during the time that Iowa passed from Spain to France, and from France to the United States, in consideration of which the Federal Govern- UISTOKY OF IOWA. 121 ment grauted a patent of the same to Girard in bis own right. His lieirs sold the whole tract to James 11. Lockwood and Thomas P. Burnett, of Prairie dii Chien, for $3()0. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. We have already alluded to tlie first permanent settlement made by whites within the limits of Iowa, by Julien Dubuque, iu 17SS, when, with a small party of miners, he settled on the site of the city that now bears his name, where he lived until his death, in 1810. "What was known as the Girard settlement, opposite Prairie du Chien, was made by some parties prior to the commencement of the present century. It consisted of three cabins in 1805. Louis Honori settled on the site of the present town of Montrose, probably in 1799, and resided there until 1S05, when his property passed into other hands. Indian traders had established themselves at various points at an early date. Mr. Johnson, an agent of the American Fur Company, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on traffic with the Indians some time before the United States purchased Louisiana. In 1S20, Le Moliese, a French trader, had a station at what is now Sandusky, six miles above Keokuk, in Lee County. The same year a cabin was built in Lee County where the city of Keokuk now stands, by Dr. Samuel C. Muir, a surgeon in the United States army. His marriage and subsequent life were so romantic that we give a brief sketch: While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, the ])ost was visited by a beautiful Indian maiden — whose native name unfortunately has not been preserved — who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave unmoor his canoe, paddle it across the river and come directlj' to her lodge. She felt assured, according to the superstitious belief of her race, that in her dreams she had seen her future husband, and had come to the fort to find him. Meet- ing Dr. Muir she instantly recognized him as the hero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related to him. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed with So- phia's beauty, innocence and devotion, the Doctor honorably mar- ried her, but after a while the sneers and gibes of his brother officers — less honorable than he, perhaps— made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and when his regiment was ordered down the river to Bellefontaine, it is said he embraced tiie opportunity to rid himself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, 122 HISTOEY OF IOWA. and little dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her infant child, this intrepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and after many days of weary labor and a lonely journey of 900 miles, she at last reached him. She afterward re- marked, when speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, "When 1 got there I was all perished away — so thin!" The Doctor, touched by such unexampled devo- tion, took her to his heart, and ever after until his death treated her with marked respect. She always presided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her native style of dress. In 1819--'20 he was stationed at Fort Edward, now Warsaw, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. He then built a cabin as above stated, where Keokuk is now situated, and made a claim to some land. This claim he leased to Otis Eeynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe (afterward Ga- lena), where he practiced his profession for 10 years, when he re- turned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to him four children — Louise, James, Mary and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera in 1832, but left his property in such a condition that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and penniless, became discouraged, and, with her two younger children, disappeared. It is said she returned to her people on the Upper Missouri. The gentleman who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk, sub- sequently employed as their agent Moses Stillwell, who arrived with his family in 1828, and took possession. His brothers-in-law, Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. Mr. Stillwell's daughter Margaret (afterward Mrs. Ford), was born in 1831 at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puckashetuck. She was probably the first white American child bpru in Iowa. In 1829 Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a settlement on the Lower Kapids, at what is now Nashville. The same year James S. Langwortliy, who had been engaged in lead mining at Galena since 1824, resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object of great interest to the miners about Galena, for tliey were known to be rich in lead ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to work them was therefore eminently desirable. Crossing the Mississippi at a point now known as Dunleith in a canoe, and swimming his horse by his HISTORY OF IOWA. 123 Bide, he landed on the spot now known as the Jones Street Levee. Before him was spread out a beautiful jjrairio, on which the city of Dubuque now stands. Tvvo miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, was a village of Sacs and Foxes. Tliither Mr. Langworthy proceeded, and was well received by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine in their hills, but this they refused. lie, however, succeeded in gaining the confidence of the cliief to such an e.xtent as to be allowed to travel in the interior for three weeks and explore the country. He emploj'ed two young Indians as guides, and traversed in different directions the whole region lying between the Mvqnoketa and Turkey Hivers. He returned to the village, secured the good will of the Indians, and, returning to Galena, formed plans for future operations, to be exe- cuted as soon as the circumstances would permit. In the following year, with his brotlier, Lucius H., and others, having obtained the consent of the Indians, Mr. Langworthy crossed the Mississippi and commenced mining in the vicinitj' around Dubuque. Although these lands had been purchased from France, they were not in the actual possession of the United Status. The Indian titles had not been extinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State or Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their own law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of the case demanded. The first act resembling civil legislation in Iowa was done by the miners at this point, in June, 1830. T!;ey met on the bank of the river, by the side of an old cottonwood drift log, at what is now the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected a committee, con- sisting of J. L. Langwortliy, H. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Sam'l Scales and E. M. Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the members of whicli gathered around that old cottonwood log, and agreed to and reported the following, written by Mr. Langworthy On a half sheet of coarse, unruled paper, the old log being the writing desk: "We, a committee, having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws), by which we as miners will be governed, and having duly considered the subject, do unanimously agree that we will be governed by the regulations on the east side of the Missis- sippi River, with the following exceptions, to-wit: '•Article I. That each and every man shall hold 200 yards square of ground by working said ground one day in six. 124 HISTOEY OF IOWA. "Article II. We farther agree that there shall be chosen by the majority of the miners present, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall grant letters of arbitration on application having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the parties so applying." The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. Jarote in accordance with article second. Here then, we have in 1830, a primitive legislature elected by the people, the law drafted by it being submitted to the people for approval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first governor. And the laws thus enacted were as promptly obeyed as any have been since. After this, the miners who had thus erected au independent government of their own on the west side of the Mississippi River, continued to work successfully for a long time, and the new settle- ment attracted considerable attention. But the west side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Govern, ment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as well as to pro- tect the Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the set- tlers not only to stop mining, but to remove from the Indian Ter- ritory. They were simply intruders. The execution of this order was intrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in command of the military post at Prairie du Chicn, who, early in July, sent an offi- cer to the miners to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to remove within 10 days to the east side of the Mississippi, or they would be driven ofl by armed force. Tiie miners, however, were reluctant about leaving the rich "leads" they had already discovered and opened, and were not disposed to obey the order to remove with any considerable degree of alacrity. In due time Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The miners, anticipating their arrival, had, excepting three, recrossed the river, and from the east bank saw the troops land on the western shore. The three who had lingered a little too long were, however, permitted to make their escape unmolested. From this time a military force was stationed at Dubuque to prevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1833. The Indians returned, and were encouraged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white occupants. In June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side of the Mississippi to assist in the annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the west side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotiations of HISTORY OF IOWA. 125 the treaty in Sept., 1832, by whicli tlio Sacs and Foxes ceded tlie tract known as the "Bhvck Hawk Purchase," the settlers, suppos- ing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned and took possession of their cLaims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared large quantities of lead for market. But the pros- pects of the hardy and enterprising settlors and miners were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that the treaty witli the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1S33, although they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settle- ment. Col. Taylor was again ordered by the "War Department to remove the miners, and in January-, 1833, troops were again sent from Prairie du Ciiien to Dubuque for that purpose. This was a serious and perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the mi- ners. They were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. This, too, was uidy out of respect for forms; for the purchase had been made, and the Indians had retired. After the lapse of 50 years, no very satisfactory reason for this rigor- ous action of the Government can be given. But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. Many of the settlers re-crossed the river, and did not return; a few, how- ever, removed to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, in which to store their lead until spring, when tliey conld float the fruits of their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty went into force, wlien they could return. Among these were the Langworthy brothers, who had on hand about 300,000 pounds of lead. No sooner had the miners left than Lieut. Covington, who liad been placed in command at Dubuque, by Col. Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons and other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on the part of a subordinate, clothed with a little brief au- thority, was sternly rebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. Geo. Wilson, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, that were only waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. Tiie treaty went formally into effect June, 1803, the troops were withdrawn, and the Langworthy brotliers and a few others at once returned and resumed possession of their homes and claims. From this time must date the first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa. Mr. John P. Sheldon was appointed superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a system of permits to miners 126 HISTORY OF IOWA. and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that which had heen in operation at Galena since 1825, under Lieut. Martin Thomas and Capt. Thomas C. Leij;ate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the miners assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830, was adopted and enforced by the United States Government, except that miners were required to sell their mineral to licensed smelters, and the smelter was required to give bonds for the payment of six per cent, of all lead manufactured to the Govern- ment. The rule in the United States mines on Fever Kiver in Illinois had been, until 1830, that the mineis must pay a 10 per cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much dissatisfaction among the miners on the west side, as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They thought they had suffered hardships and priva- tions enough in opening the way for civilization, without being subjected to the imposition of an odious Government tax upon their means of subsistence, when the Federal Government could better afford to aid than to extort from them. The measure soon became very unpopular. It was difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system was abolished in about 10 years. About 500 people arrived in the mining district in 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, of whom 150 were from Galena. In the same year Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school-house in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the populous and thriving city of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he first settled become the site of a city of 15,000 inhabitants, the small school-house which he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices, wherein 2,000 children were being trained, chuiches erected in every part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness which he first explored with all the eastern world. He died sud- denly on the 13th of March, 1865, while on a trip over the Du- buque & Southern Hailroad, at Monticello, and the evening train brought the news of his death, and his remains. Lucius H. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worthy, gifted and influential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. He died greatly lamented by many friends, in June, 1865. The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners, at a meeting held in 183-1. Soon after the close of the Black Hawk war in 1832, Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, Samuel Gooch, Daniel Tiiompson and Peter Williams made claims HISTORY OF IOWA. 127 at Fort Madison. In 1833 Geii. John II. Knapp and Col. N'atlianiel Knapp purchased these chiims, and in the summer of 1835 they laid out the town of " Fort Madison." Lote were exposed for sale early in 1836. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United States Govern uient. The population rapidly in- creased, and in less than two years the beautiful location was cov- ered b}^ a flourishinof town, containing nearly 600 inhabitants, with a large proportion of enterprising merciiants, mechanics and man- ufacturers. In the fall of 1832, Simpson S. White erected a cabin on the site of Burlington, 79 miles below Rock Island. During the war parties had looked longingly upon the " Flint Hills " from the opposite side of the river, and White was soon followed by otiiers. David Tothers made a claim on tlie prairie about three miles back from the river, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Mor- gan. The following winter the settlers were driven oiF by the mil- itary from Rock Island, as intruders upon the rights of the Indians. White's cabin was burned by the soldiers. lie returned to Illinois, where he remained during the winter, and in the following sum- mer, as soon as the Indian title was extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White was joined by his brother-in-law, Doo- ]ittle, and they laid out the town of Burlington in 1834, on a beau- tiful area of sloping eminences and gentle declivities, enclosed within a natural amphitheater formed by the surrounding hills, which were crowned with luxuriant forests and presented the most picturesque scenery. The same autumn witnessed the opening of the tirst dry-goods stores by Dr. W. R. Ross and Major Jeremiah Smith, each well supplied with Western merchandise. Such was the beginning of Burlington, which in less than four years became the seat of government for tlie Territory of Wisconsin, and in three years more contained a population of 1,400 persons. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Fo.xes, in Sept., 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the site of the present thriving city of Davenport. As early as 1827, Col. Davenport had established a flat-boat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of Iowa, by whicii he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi. In 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved from Illinois, and laid the foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott county, which was the first actual settlement within the limits of that county. 128 HISTORY OF IOWA. The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine Le Claire, Col. George Davenport, Major Thomas Smith, Major Wra. Gordon, Philip Hambough, Alexander ^Y. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Capt. James May and others. A settlement was made inCIa3'ton County in the spring of 1S32, on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and Wm. W. Wayman. No further settlement was made in this part of the State until 1S36. Tiie first settlers of Muscatine Counry were Benjamin Nye, John Vanater, and G. W. Kasey, all of whom came in lS3-i. E. E. Fay, Wm. St. John, N. FuUington, H. Reece, Jona Pettibone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whiclier, Abijah Whitney, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. Abernethy and Alexis Smith were also early settlers of Musca tine. As early as 182J-, a French trader named Hart had established a trading post, and built a cabin on the bluffs above the large spring now known as "Myntter Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council BluflFs, and had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of the American Fur Com- pany as " La Cote de Hart," or " Hart's Bluff." In 1827 an agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Gait- tar, with others, encamped in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broadway, and afterward settled there. In 1839 a block house was built on the bluff in tiie east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part of the State until lS-i6-7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the Mormons under the lead of Brig- ham Young. These people on their way westward halted for the winter of ISIG-'?, on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five miles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of them had reached the eastern bank of the river the spring before in season to plant a crop. In the spring of 1847 Young and a portion of the colony pursued their journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and settled mainly within the present limits of Pottawatomie County. The princi- pal settlement of this strange community was at a place first called " Miller's Hollow," on Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanes- ville, in honor of Col. Kane, of Pennsylvania, who visited them soon afterward. The Mormon settlement extended over the CDunty and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and water fur- HISTORY OF IOWA. 129 nished desirable locations. Orson Ilyde, priest, lawyer and editor, \ras installed as President of the Quorum of Twelve, and all that part of the State remained under Mormon control for several years. In 1S47 they raised a battalion numberin2; 500 men, for the Mexi- can war. In 1S4S Hyde started a paper called the Frontier Guar- dian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after many of the faithful had left to join Brigham Youn'ere hung for cooking; over the door, in forked cleats, hung the ever-trustful rifle and powder-horn ; in one corner stood the largor bed for the '' old folks," and under it the trundle-bed for the children; in another stood the old-i'ashioned spinning-wheel, with a smaller one by its side; in another the heavy table, the only table, of course, there was in the house; in the remaining was a rude cupboard holding the table-ware, which consisted of a few cups and saucers, and blue- edged plates, standing singly on their edges against the back, to make the display of table-furniture more conspicuous; while around the room were scattered a few splint-bjttom or Windsor chairs, and two or three stools. These simple cabins were inhabited by a kind and true-hearted ueople. They were strangers to mock tnodesty, and the traveler seeking lodging for the night, or desirous of spending a few days 132 HISTORIC OF IOWA. in the community, if willing to accept the rude offering, was always welcome, although how they were disposed of at night tlie reader might not easily imagine; for, as described, a single room was made to answer for kitchen, dining-room, sitting-i'oora, bed- room and parlor, and many families consisted of six or eight mem- bers. SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS. The bed was very often made by fixing a post in the floor about six feet from one wall and four feet from the adjoining wall, and fastening a stick to this post about two feet above the floor, on each of two sides, so that the other end of each of the two sticks could be fastened in the opposite wall; clapboards were laid across these, and thus the bed was made complete. Guests were given this bed, while the family disposed of themselves in another corner of the room, or in the "loft." When several guests were on hand at once they were sometimes kept over night in the following manner: When bed-time came the men were requested to step out of doors while the women spread out a broad bed upon the mid-floor, and put themselves to bed in the center; the signal was given, and the men came in and each husband to jk his place in bed next his own wife, and the single men outside beyond them again. They were generally so crowded that they had to lie " spoon" fashion, and when any one wished to turn over he would say "Spoon," and the whole company of sleepers would turn over at once. This was the only way they could all keep in bed. COOKINa. To witness the various processes of cooking in those days would alike surprise and amuse those who have grown up since cooking stoves and ranges came into use. Kettles were hung over the large fire, suspended with pot-hooks, iron or wooden, on the crane, or on poles, one end of which would rest upon a chain. The long- handled fi-ying-pan was used for cooking meat. It was either held over the blaze by hand or set down upon coals drawn out upon the hearth. This pan was also used for baking pancakes, also called "flap-jacks," batter- cakes, etc. A better article for this, however, was the cast-iron spider, or Dutch skillet. The best thing for bak- ing bread those days, and possibly even in these latter days, was the flat-bottomed bake kettle, of greater depth, with closely fitting cast-iron cover, and commonly known as the Dutch oven. With HISTOKV OF IOWA. 133 coals over and under it, bread and biscuit would quickly and nicely bake. Turkey and spare-ribs were sometimes roasted before the fire, suspended by a string, a dish being placed underneath to catch the drippings. Hominy and samp were very much used. The hominy, how- ever, was generally hulled corn — boiled corn from which the hull or bran had been taken by hot lye; hence somtimes called "lye hominy." True hominy and samp were made of pounded corn. A popular method of making tliis, as well as real meal for bread, was to cut out or burn a large hole in the top of a huge stump, in the shape of a mortar, and pounding the corn in tliis by a maul or beetle suspended by a swing pole like a well-sweep. This and the well-sweep consisted of a pole 20 to 30 feet long fixed in an up- right fork so that it could be worked " teeter " fashion. It was a rapid and simple way of drawing water. "When the samp was sufliciently pounded it was taken out, the bran floated off, and the delicious grain boiled like rice. The chief articles of diet in an early day were corn bread, hom- iny or samp, venison, pork, honey, pumpkin (dried pumpkin for more than half the year), turkey, prairie chicken, squirrel and some other game, with a few additional vegetables a portion of the year. Wheat bread, tea, coffee and fruit were luxuries not to be indulged in except on special occasions, as when visitors were present. women's work. Besides cooking in the manner described, the women had many other arduous duties to perform, one of the chief of which was spinning. The " big wheel " was used for spinning yarn, and the "little wheel" for spinning flax. These stringed instruments fur- nished the principal music of the family, and were operated by our mothers and grandmothers with great skill, attained without pecu- niary expense, and with far less practice than is necessary for the girls of our period to acquire a skillful use of their costly and ele- gant instruments. But those wheels, indispensable a few years ago, are all now superseded by the mighty factories which overspread the country, furnishing cloth of all kinds at an expense ten times less than would be incurred now by the old system. The loom was not less necessary than the wheel, though they were not needed in so great numbers; not every house had a loom; one loom had a capacity for the needs of several families. Settlers, 134 HISTORY OF IOWA. having succeeded in spite of the wolves in raising sheep, com- menced the manufacture of woolen cloth; wool was carded and made into rolls by hand-cards, and the rolls were spun on the " big wheel." We still occasionally find in the houses of old settlers a wheel of this kind, sometimes used for spinning and twisting stock- ing yarn. They are turned with the hand, and with such velocity that it will run itself while the nimble worker, by her backward step, draws out and twists her thread nearly the whole length of the cabin. A common article woven on the loom was linsey, or linsey-woolsey, the chain being linen and the filling woolen. This cloth was used for dresses for the women and girls. Nearly all the cloths worn by the men were also home-made; rarely was a farmer or his son seen in a coat made of any other. If, occasi*ially, a young man appeared in a suit of " boughtea " clothes, he was sus- pected of having gotten it for a particular occasion, which occurs in the life of nearly every young man. HOSPITALITY. The traveler always found a welcome at the pioneer's cabin. It was never full. Although there might be already a guest for every puncheon, there was still " room for one more," and a wider circle would be made for the new-comer at the big fire. If the stranger was in search of land, he was doubly welcome, and his host would volunteer to show him all the '' first-rate claims in this neck of the woods," going with him for days, showing the corners and advan- tages of every "Congress tract " within a dozen miles of his own cabin. To his neighbors the pioneer was equally liberal. If a deer was killed, the choicest bits were sent to his nearest neighbor, a half- dozen miles away perhaps. When a " shoat" was butchered, the same custom prevailed. If a new-comer came in too late for "cropping," the neighbors would supply his table with just the same luxuries they themselves enjoyed, and in as liberal quantity, until a crop could be raised. When a new-comer had located his claim, the neighbors for miles around would assemble at the site of the new-comer's proposed cabin and aid him in "gittin" it up. One party with axes would cut down the trees and hew the logs; another with teams would haul the logs to the ground; another party would "raise" the cabin; while several of the old men would "rive the clapboards" for the roof. By night the little forest HISTORY OF IOWA. 135 domicile wonl.-i be up and ready for a "house waniiinf^," whicli was tlie dedicatory occupation of the iionse. when music and dancing and festivity would be enjoyed at full iieight. The next day the new- comer would be as well situated as his neighbors. An instance of primitive hospitable manners will be in place here. A traveling Methodist preacher arrived in a distant neighborhood to fill an appointment. The house where services were to be held did not belong to a church member, but no matter for that. Boards were collected from all quarter? with which to make temporary seats, one of the neighbors volunteering to lead off in the work, while the man of the house, with the faithful rifle on his shoulder, sallied forth in quest of meat, for this truly was a "ground-hog" case, the preacher coming and no meat io the house. The host ceased not the chase until he found the meat, in the shape of a deer; returning he sent, a boy out after it, with directions on what " pint " to find it. After services, which had been listened to with rapt attention by all the audience, mine host said to his wife, "Old woman, I reckon this 'ere preacher is pretty hungry and you must git hira a bite to eat." " What shall I get him?" asked the wife, who had not seen the deer; " thar's nuthiii' in the house to eat." " Why, look thar," returned he, " thar's a deer, and thar's plenty of corn in the field; you git some corn and grate it while I skin the deer, and we'll have a good supper for him." It is needless to add that venison and corn bread made a supper tit for any pio- neer preacher, and was thankfully eaten. PRAIRIE FIKES. Fires set out by Indians or settlers, sometimes purposely and sometimes permitted through carelessness, would visit the prairies every autumn, and sometimes the forests, either in autumn or spring, and settlers could not always succeed in defending them- selves against the destroying element. Many interesting incidents are related. Often a fire was started to bewilder came, or to bare a piece of ground for the early grazing of stock the ensuing spring, and it would get away under a wind and soon be beyond ci)ntrol. Violent winds would often arise and drive the flames with such rapidity that riders on the fleetest steeds could scarcely escape. On the approach of a prairie tire the farmer would immediately set about "cuttintj oft' supplies" for the devouring enemy by a "back tire." Thus by starting a small dre near the bare ground 136 HISTORY OF IOWA. about his premises, and keeping it under control next his property, he would burn off a strip around him and prevent the attack of the on-coming flames. A few furrows or a ditch around the farm were in some degree a protection. An original prairie of tall and exuberant grass on fire, especially at night, was a maguificeut spectacle, enjoyed only by the pioneer. Here is an instance where the frontiersman, proverbially deprived of the sights and pleasures of an old community, is privileged far beyond the people of the present day in this country. One could scarcely tire of beholding the scene, as its awe-inspiring features seemed constantly to increase, and the whole panorama unceas- ingly changed like the dissolving views of a magic lantern, or like the aurora borealis. Language cannot convey, words cannot ex- press, the faintest idea of the splendor and grandeur of such a con- flagration at night. It was as if the pale queen of night, disdain- ing to take her accustomed place in the heavens, had dispatched myriads upon myriads of messengers to light their torches at the altar of the setting sun until all had flashed into one long and con- tinuous blaze. The following graphic description of prairie fires was written by a traveler through this region in 18i9: "Soon the fires bea-an to kindle wider and rise higher from the long grass; the gentle breeze increased to stronger currents, and soon formed the small, flickering blaze into fierce torrent flames, which curled up and leaped along in resistless splendor; and like quickly raising the dark curtain from the luminous stage, the scenes before me were suddenly changed, as if by the magician's wand, into one boundless amphitheatre, blazing from earth to heaven and sweep- ing the horizon round, — columns of lurid flames sportively mount- ing up to the zenith, and dark clouds of crimson smoke curling away and aloft till they nearly obscured stars and moon, while the rush- ing, crashing sounds, like roaring cataracts, mingled with distant thunders, were almost deafening; danger, death, glared all around; it screamed for victims; yet, notwithstanding the imminent peril of prairie fires, one is loth, irresolute, almost unable to withdraw or seek refuge. WOLF HUNTS. In early days more mischief was done by wolves than by any other wild animal, and no small part of their mischief consisted in their almost constant barking at night, which always seemed so HISTORY OF IOWA. 137 frightful and menacing to the settlers. Like mosquitoes, the noise they made appeared to be about as dreadful as the real depredations they committed. Tlie most effectual, as well as the most exciting method of ridding the country of these hateful pests, was that known as the " circular wolf-hunt," by which all the men and boys would turn out on an appointed day, iu a kind of circle comprising many square miles of territory, with horses and dogs, and then close lip toward the center of their field of operations, gathering not only wolves, but also deer and many smaller " varmint." Five, ten, or more wolves by this means would sometimes be killed in a single day. The men would be organized with as much system as a little army, every one being well posted in the meaning of every signal and the application of every rule. Guns were scarcely ever allowed to be brought on such occasions, as their use would be unavoidably dangerous. The dogs were depended upon for the final slaughter. The dogs, by the way, had all to be held in check by a cord iu the hands of their keepers until the final signal was given to let them loose, when away they would all go to the center of battle, and a more exciting scene would follow than can be easily described. SPELLING SCHOOLS. The chief public entertainment for many years was the cele- brated spelling-school. Both young and old looked forward to the next spelling-school with as much anticipation and anxiety as we now-a-days look forward to a general Fourth-of-Jnly celebration; and when the time arrived the whole neighborhood, yea, and some- times several neighborhoods, would flock to the scene of academical combat, where the excitement was often more intense than had been expected. It was far better, of course, when there was good sleigh- ing; then the young folks would turn out in high glee and be fairly beside themselves. The jollity is scarcely equaled at the present day by anything in vogue. When the appointed hour arrived, the usual plan of commencing battle was for two of the young people who might agree to play against each other, or who might be selected to do so by the teacher, to " choose sides," that is, each contestant would choose the best speller from the assembled crowd. Each one choosing alternately, the ultimate strength of tiie respective parties would be about equal. When all were chosen who could be made to serve, each side would " number," so as to ascertain whether amid the confusion 138 HISTORY OF IOWA. one side had more spellers than the other. In case he had, some compromise would be made by the aid of the teacher, the master of ceremonies, and then the plan of conducting the campaign, or counting the misspelled words, would be canvassed for a moment. There were several ways of conducting the contest; but the usual way was to " spell across," that is, the first on one side would spell the first word, then the first on the other side; next the second in line on each side, alternately, down to the foot of each line. The question who should spell the first word was determined by the "choosers;" one would have the first choice of spellers, and the other spell the first word. When a word was missed, it would be re-pronounced, or passed along without re-pronouncing (as some teachers strictly followed the rule never to re-pronounce a word), until it was spelled correctly. If a speller on the opposite side finally spelled a missed word correctly, it was counted a gain of one to that side ; if the word was finally corrected by some speller on the same side on which it was originated as a missed word, it was " saved, " and no tally mark was made. An hour, perhaps, would be occupied in this way and then an " intermission " was had, when the buzzing, cackling, hurrahing and confusion that ensued for 10 or 15 minutes were beyond description. Coming to order again, the next style of battle to be illustrated was to "spell down," by which process it was ascertained who were the best spellers and could continue standing the longest. But often good spellers would inadvertently miss a word in an early stage of the contest and would have to sit down humiliated, while a comparatively poor speller would often stand till nearly or quite the last, amid the cheers of the assemblage. Sometimes the two parties first " chosen up " in the evening would re-take their places after recess, so that by the " spelling-down " process there would virtually be another race, in another form ; sometimes there would be a new " choosing sides," for the " spelling-down " contest; and sometimes the spelling-down would be conducted without any party lines being made. It would occasionally happen that two or three very good spellers would retain the fioor so long that the exercise would become monotonous, when a few outlandish words like •' chev- aux-de-frise," " Ompompanoosuc " or " baugh-naugh-claugh-ber," as the^' used to spell it sometimes, would create a little ripple of ex- citement to close with. Sometimes these words would decide the contest, but generally when two or three good spellers kept the floor .mtil it became tedious, the teacher would declare the race ended and the standing spellers acquitted with a " drawn game." HISTORY OF IOWA. 139 The audience dismissed, the next thing was to " go home," ver^^ often bj a round-about way, ''a-sleighiiig with the girls," which, of course, was the most interesting part of tiic evening's perform- ances, sometimes, however, too rough to be commended, as the boys were often inclined to be somewhat rowdjish. THE BRIGHT SIDE. The history of pioneer-life generally presents the dark side of the picture; but the toils and privations of the early settlers were not a series of unmitigated sufferings. No; for while the fathers and mothers toiled hard, they were not averse to a little relaxation, and had their seasons of fun and enjoyment. They contrived to do something to break the monotony of their daily life and furnish them a good hearty laugh. Among the more general forms of amusements were the " quilting-bee," "corn-husking," "paring- bee," " log-rolling " and " house-raising." Our young readers will doubtless be interested in a description of these forms of amusements, when labor was made to afford fun and enjoyment to all participat- ing. The " quilting-bee," as its name implies, was when the industri- ous qualities of the busy little insect that " improves each shining- hour" were exemplified in the manufacture of quilts for the house- hold. In the afternoon, ladies for miles around gathered at the appointed place; and while their tongues would not cease to play, the hands were as busily engaged in making the quilts, and the desire always manifested to get it out as quickly as possible, for then the fun would begin. In the evening the gentlemen came, and the hours would then pass quickly by in " plays," games, singing and dancing. "Corn-huskings " were when both sexes united in the work. They usually assembled in a large barn which was arranged for the occa- sion, and when each gentleman had selected a lady partner, the husking began. When a lady found a red ear of corn she was entitled to a kiss from every gentleman present; when a gentleman found one he was allowed to kiss ever}' lady present. After the corn was all husked, a good supper was served, then the " old folks " would leave, and the remainder of the evening was spent in the dance and in having a general good time. The recreation afforded to the young people on the annual recurrence of these festive occa- sions was as highly enjoyed and quite as innocent as the amuse- ments of the present boasted age of refinement and culture. 140 HISTOKY OF IOWA. The amaseineats of the pioneers were peculiar to themselves. Saturday afternoon was a sort of liaif-holiday; the men usually went to town, and when that place was reached, " fun commenced." Had two neighbors business to transact, here it was done. Horses were " swapped," difficulties settled and free fights in- dulged in. "Whisky was as free as water; 12^ cents would buy a quart, and 33 or 40 cents, a gallon, and at such prices enor- mous quantities were consumed. Go to any town in the county and ask the first pioneer you meet, and he would tell you of nota- ble Saturday afternoon fights, either of which to-day would fill a column of the Police News, with elaborate engravings to match. WHAT THE PIONEERS HAVE DONE. Iowa is a grand State, and in many respects second to none in the Union, and in everything that goes to make a live, prosperous community, not far behind the best. Her harvests are bountiful; she has a medium climate, and many other things that make lier people contented, prosperous and happy; but she owes much to those who opened up these avenues that have led to her present condition and happy surroundings. Unremitting toil and labor have driven oft" the sickly miasmas that brooded over swampy prai- ries. Energy and perseverance have peopled every section of hei wild lands, and changed them from wastes and deserts to gardens of beauty and profit. When but a few years ago the barking wolves made the night hideous with their wild shrieks and howls, now is heard only the lowing and bleating of domestic animals. Only a half century ago the wild whoop of the Indian rent the air where now are heard the engine and rumbling trains of cars, bearing away to markets the products of our labor and soil. Then the savage built his rude huts on the spot where now rise the dwellings and school houses and church spires of civilized life. How great the transformation! This change has been brought about by the incessant toil and aggregated labor of thousands of tired hands and anxious hearts, and the noble aspirations of such men and women as make any country great. What will another half century ac- complish? There are few, very few, of these old pioneers yet lin- gering on the shores of time as connecting links of the past with the present. What must their thoughts be as with their dim eyes they view the scenes that surround them? We often hear people talk of the old-fogv ideas and fogy ways and want of enterprise on the UISTOKY OF IOWA. 141 part of old men who have <^one tlirough the experiences of pioneer life. Sometimes, perhaps, such remarks are just; but considering the experiences, education and entire life of such men, such re- marks are better unsaid. They have had their trials, hardships, misfortunes and adventures, and shall we now, as they are passing far down the western declivity of life, and many of them gone, point to them the finger of derision, and laugh and sneer at the simplicity of their ways? Let us rather cheer them up, revere and respect them, for beneath those rough exteriors beat hearts as noble as ever throbbed in the human breast. These veterans have been compelled to live for weeks upon hominy, and if bread at all, it was bread made from corn ground in hand-mills, or pounded up with mortars. Their children have been destitute of shoes during the winter; their families had no clothing except what was carded, spun, wove and made into garments by their own hands; schools they had none; churches they had none; afflicted with sickness in- cident to all new countries, sometimes the entire family at once;- lu.xuries of life they had none; the auxiliaries, improvements, in ventions and labor-saving machinery of to-day they had not; and what they possessed they obtained by the hardest of labor and in- dividual exertions; yet they bore these hardships and privations without murmuring, hoping for better times to come, and often, too, with but little prospect of realization. As before mentioned, the changes written on every hand are most wonderful. It has been but three-score years since the white man began to exercise dominion over this region, erst the home of the red men; yet the visitor of to-day, ignorant of the past of the country, could scarcely be made to realize that within these years there has grown up a population of one and a half million, who in all the accomplisliments of life are as far advanced as are the in- habitants of the older States. Schools, churches, colleges, palatial dwellings, beautiful grounds, large, well-cultivated and productive farms, as well as cities, towns and busy manufactories, have grown up, and occupy the hunting grounds and camping places of the In- dians, and in every direction there are evidences of wealth, comfort and luxury. There is but little left of the old landmarks. Ad- vanced civilization and the progressive demands of revolving years have obliterated all traces of Indian occupancy, until they are re- membered only in name. In vlositig this section we again would impress upon the minds of our readers the fact that they owe a debt of gratitude to those who pioneered this State, which can be but partially repaid. Never 142 HISTORr OF IOWA. grow unmindful of the peril and adventure, fortitude, self-sacrifice and heroic devotion so prominently displayed in their lives. As time sweeps on in its ceaseless flight, may the cherished memories of them lose none of their greenness, but may future generations alike cherish and perpetuate them with a just devotion to gratitude. TEREITORIAL HISTORY. The immigration to Iowa after the Black Hawk purchase was so rapid and steady that some provision for civil government be- came necessary. Accordingly, in 1834, all the territory compris- ing the present States of Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota was made subject to the jui'isdiction of Michigan Territory. Up to this time there had been no county or other organization in what is now the State of Iowa, although one or two justices of the peace had been appointed and a postoffice was established at Dubuque in 1S33. In September of 1834, therefore, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two counties on the west side of the Mississippi liiver, — Dubuque and Des Moines, separated by a line drawn westward from the foot of Kock Island. These counties were par- tially organized. John King was appointed Chief Justice of Du- buque County, and Isaac Letiler, of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two associate justices, in each county, were appointed by the governor. In October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citizen of Du- buque, was elected a delegate to Congi-ess. April 20, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones, Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into operation July 4 of the same year. Iowa was then included in the Territory of Wis- consin, of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. Horner, Secretary; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice; David Irwin and William C. Frazer, Associate Justices. Sept. 9, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered a census of the new Ter- ritory to be taken. This census showed a population of 10,531, of which Des Moines County contained 6,257, and Dubuque, 4,274. Under the apportionment, these two counties were entitled to six members of the Council and 13 of the House of Representatives. The governor issued his proclamation for an election to be held on the first Monday of October, 1836, on which day the following members of the lirst Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin were elected fi"om the two counties in the Black Hawk purchase. UISTOKY OF IOWA. 143 Diibuque. — Council: John F.ally, Tlioinas McKnight, Thomas McCranoy. Ilome: Loring Wlieeler, Iliikliu Wlielau, Potor Hill Engle, Patrick Quigly, Hosea F. Camp. Des Iloines. — Council: Jercniiali Smith, jr., Joseph B. Teas, Arthur H. Ingrain. TTouse: Isaac LetHer, Tliomas I31air, Warren L. Jenkins, John Bo.v, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds, David R. Chance. The Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of Wisconsin, Oct. 25, 1836, and organized by electing Henry T. Baird, President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of the House. At this session the county of Des Moines was divided into Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Henry, Muscatine and Cook. This last is now called Scott County. The first Leg- islature adjourned Dec. 9, 1836. The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, Nov. 9, 1837. It divided Dubuque into the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fay- ette, Dehiware, Buchanaii, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Benton, Clinton and Cedar, and adjourned Jan. 20, 1838. A third session was held at Burlington, commencing June 1, and ending June 12, 1838. Most of the new counties were not organized until sc-veral years afterward, under the authority of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa. As early as the fall of 1837, the question of a separate Territo- rial organization for Iowa began to be agitated. The wish of the people found expression in a convention held Nov. 1, which me- morialized Congress to organize a Territory west of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wisconsin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then in ses- sion at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. (reorge W. Jones, of Dubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, in what is now Wisconsin, was delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, and labored so earnestly that the act was passed dividing the Ter- ritory of Wisconsin, and ])roviding for the Territorial government of Iowa. This was approved June 12, 1838, to take effect and be in force on and after July 3. 1838. The new Territory embraced "all that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin which lies west of the Mississippi River, and west of a line drawn due north from the head-waters or sources of theMississijqii to the Territorial line." The organic act ])rovided for a governor, wliose term of office should be three years, and for a secretary, chief justice, two as- sociate justices, and attorney and marshal, who should serve four 144 HISTOKT OF IOWA. years, to be appointed by the President, by and witli the advice and consent of the Senate. Tiie act also provided for the election, by the white male inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over 21 years of age, of a House of Representatives, consisting of 26 mem- bers, and a Council, to consist of 13 members. It also appropri- ated $5,000 for a 2)ublic library, and $20,000 for the erection of public buildings. In accordance with this act, President Van Bui'en appointed ex- Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be the first Governor of the new Territory. Wm. B. Conway, of Pittsburg, was appointed Secretary of the Territory; Charles Mason, of Burlington, Chief Justice, and Tiiomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of Pennsylvania, Associate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts; Mr. Yan Allen, of New York, Attorney; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal; Augustus C. Dodge, Register of the Land Office at Burlington, and Thomas McKnight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the District Attorney, died at Rockingham soon after his appointment, and Col. Cliarles Weston was appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also died at Burlington during the second session of the Legislature, and James Clarke, editor of the Gazette, was appointed to succeed him. Governor Lucas, immediately after his arrival, issued a proclama- tion for the election of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the 10th of September, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and appointing the 12th of November for the meeting of the Legislature to be elected at Bur- lington. The members were elected in accordance with this proc- lamation, and assembled at the appointed time and place. The fol- lowing are their names: Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. K9ith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M. Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stephen Hempstead. House. — Wm. Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, James Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parkei, James W. Grimes, George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler, Wm. G. Coop, Wm. H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, Wm. L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel Summers, Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Banksou, Thomas Cox and Hardin Nowlin. HISTORY OF IOWA. 145 Althougli a large majority of both branches of the Legislature were Democrats, Gen. Jesse B. Brown (Whig), of Lee County, was elected President of the Council, and Hon. AVilliain H. Wallace (Whig), of Henry County, Speaker of the House of Representa- tives — the former unanimously and the latter with but little oppo- sition. At that time national politics were little heeded by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the Presidential campaign, party lines were strongly drawn. At the same time with this Legislature, a Congressional delegate was also elected. Out of four candidates, Wm. W. Chapman was elected. The first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and exciting one. By the organic law, the governor was clothed with almost unlimited veto power. Governor Lucas seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the independent Hawkeyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and absolute rule, and the result was an unpleas- ant controversy between the executive and legislative departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 3, 1839, amended the organic law by restricting the veto power of the governor to the two-thirds rule, and took from him the power to appoint sheriffs and magistrates. Among the first important matters demanding attention was the location of the seat of government and provision for the erection of public buildings, for which Congress had appro- priated $20,000. Governor Lucas, in his message, had recommended the appointment of commissioners, with a view to selecting a cen- tral location. The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or thought of. Only on a strip of land 50 miles wide, bor- dering on the Mississippi River, was the Indian title extinguished and a central location meant some central point in the Black llawk Purchase. The friends of a central location supported the govern- or's sng'E'estion. The southern members were divided between Burlington and Mount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the proper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties were very nearly equal, and in consequence, much excitement prevailed. The central party at last triumphed, and Jan. 21, 1839, an act was passed appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque County, John Ronalds, of Louisa County, and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, commissioners, to select a site for a permanent seat of government within the limits of Johnson County. » 146 HISTOEY OF IOWA. The first settlement within the limits of Johnson County was made in 1837. The county was created by act of the Territorial Legislature of "Wisconsin, approved Dec. 21. 1837, and organ- ized by act passed at the special session at Burlington, in Juno, 1838, the organization to date from July 4, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa River, a few miles below the future Iowa City, was designated as the temporary county-seat. All things considered, the location of the capital in Johnson County was a wise act. The Territory was bounded on the north by the British possessions; east, by the Mississippi River, to its source; thence by a line drawn due north to the northern bound- ary of the United States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west, by the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. But this immense territory was in undisputed possession of the Indians, except a strip on the Mississippi known as the Black Hawk Purchase. Johnson County was, from north to south, in the gei^graphical cen- ter of this purchase, and as near the east and west geographical center of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line between the lands of the United States and the In- dians established by the treaty of Oct. 21, 1837, was immediately west of the county limits. After selecting the site, the commissioners were directed to lay out 640 acres into a town, to be called Iowa City, and to proceed to sell lots and erect public buildings thereon. Congress having granted a section of land to be selected by the Territory for tljis purpose. The c()mmissif)ners met at Napoleon, Johnson County, May 1, 1839, selected for a site section 10, in township 79 north, of range 6 west of the fifth principal meridian, and immediately sur- veyed it and laid otf the town. The first sale of lots took place Aug. 16, 1839. The site selected for tlie public buildings was a little west of the center of the section, where a square of 10 acres on the elevated grounds overlooking the river was reserved for the purpose.' Thecapitol is located in the center of this square. The second Territorial Legislature, which assembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring the commissioners to adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost when complete should not exceed $.51,000, and if tliey had already adopted apian involving a greater expenditure, they were directed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed and drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, Ills., and July 4, 1840, the corner-stone of the edi- HISTORY OF IOWA. 147 fice was laid with appropriate ceremonies. Samuel C. Trowbridge was marslial of the day, and Gov. Lucas delivered the address on that occasion. July 13, 1840, Gov. Lucas announced to the Legislature then as- sembled in spi'cia! session that on the 4th of that month he had visited Iowa City, and found the bas(!incnt of the capitol nearly completed. A bill authorizing a loan of §20,000 for the building was passed Jan 15, 1841, the unsold lots of Iowa City being the security ofFcrod, but only .?.5,500 was obtained under the act. Monday, Dec. 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met at the new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be used, and the Legislature occupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that purpose during the .session of lS41-'2. At this session, the superintendent of public buildings (who, with the Territorial agent, had superseded the commissioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the building at $33,330, and of completing rooms for the use of the Legislature at |;l5,fi00. During the following year, tiie superintendent commenced ob- taining stone from a new quarry, about 10 miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the "Old Capitol Quarry," and is thought to contain an immense quantity of excellent building stone. _ Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained, and it was so far completed, that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legislature assembleil in tlienewc;ipitol. At this session, the super- intendent estimated that it would cost $30, 143 to finish the building. This was nearly $6,000 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large sum had been expended in the mean- time. Ttiis rather discouraging discrepancy was accounted for by the fact that the officers in charge of the work were constantly short of funds. Except the Congressional appropriation of $20,000, and the loan of $5,500 obtained from the Miner's Bank, of Dubuque, all the funds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city lots (which did not sell very rapidly), from certificates of indebtedness, and from scrip, based upon unsokl lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots when they were sold. At one time the superintendent made a requisition for bills of iron ;ind glao?e of a university; also live sections of land for the completion of her pub- lic l>iiildiiigs; al.^o the salt springs; within her limits, not exceeding 12 in number, with sections of land adjoining each; also, in con- 152 HISTORY OF IOWA. sideration that her public lands should be exempt from taxation by the State, she gave to the State five per cent, of the net proceeds of the sale of public lands within the State. Thus provided for as a bride with her marriai^e portion, Iowa commenced " house-keep- ing " upon her own account. A majority of the Constitutional Convention of 1846 were of the Democratic party; and the instrument contains some of the peculiar tenets of the party at that day. All banks of issue were prohibited within the State. The State was prohibited from be- coming a stockholder in any corporation for pecuniary profit, and the General Assembly could only provide for private corporations by general statutes. The constitution also limited the State's in- debtedness to $100,000. It required the General Assembly to pro" vide public schools throughout the State for at least three months in the year. Six months' previous residence of any white male citizen of the United States constituted him an elector. The government was started on an economical basis. The mem- bers of the General Assembly received each two dollars per day for the first 50 days of the session, and one dollar per day thereafter- The sessions were to be biennial. The salaries of the State officers were limited for the first ten years as follows: Governor, $1,000 per annum; Secretary of State, $500; Treasurer of State, $400; Audi- tor of State, $600; and Judges of the Supreme Court, $1,000 each. And it may here be recorded as a fact that these prices did not dis- courage the best talent of the State from seeking these positions and that during these 10 years of our history none of these officers were ever known to receive bribes, or to steal one dollar of the pub- lic mone)'. At the time of organization as a State, Iowa had a population of 116,651, as appears by the census of 1847. There were 27 organized counties in the State, and the settlements were rapidly pushing toward the Missouri River. IOWA SUBSEQUENT TO ORGANIZATION. The first General Assembly was composed of 19 senators and 40 representatives. It assembled at Iowa City, Nov. 30, 1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union. The most important business transacted was the passage of a bill authorizing a loan of $.50,000 for means to run the State govern- ment and pay the expenses of the constitutional conventions. The great excitement of the session, however, was the attempt to choose United States senators. The Whigs had a majority of two in the HISTORY OF IOWA. 163 House, and the Democrats a majority of one in the Senate. After repeated attempts to control tliese majorities for caucus nominees and frequent sessions of a joint convention for purposes of an elec tion, the attempt was abandoned. A school law was passed at this session for the organization of public schools in the State. In pur- suance of its provisions, an election for superintendent of public instruction was held the following spring, and James Harlan re- ceived a majority of the votes cast. After the election, the Demo- cratic Secretary ot State discovered that the law contained no pro- vision for its publication in the newspapers, and he claimed it had not gone into effect. He, therefore, and the governor refused Har- lan a certificate of election. The Supreme Court sustained their action. At this first session of the General Assembly, the treasurer of State reported that the capitol building was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from storms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete it, at least sufficiently to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly responded by appropriating $2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. At the first session also arose the question of the re- location of the capital. The western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward the eastern and southern boundary of the State; this was conceded. Congress had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and toward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re- location of the seat of government, involving to some extent the location of the State University, which had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to much discussion and parliamentary maneuver- ing, almost purely sectional in its character. It provided for the appointment of three commissioners, who were authorized to make a location as near the geographical center of the State as a healthy and eligible site could be obtained; to select the five sections of land donated by Congress; to survey and plat into town lots not exceding one section of the land so selected; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed two in each block. Having done this, they were then required to suspend further operations, and make a report of their proceedings to the Governor. Tlie bill passed both Houses by decisive votes, received the signature of the governor, and became a law. Soon after, by " An act to locate and establish a State University," approved Feb. 25, 1847, the untiuished public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of laud on which they 154 HISTORY OF IOWA. were situated, were granted for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General Assembly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by law. The commissioners forthwith entered upon their duties, and selected four sections and two half cections in Jasper County. Two of these sections are in what is now Des Moines township, and the others in Fairview township, in the southern part of that county. These lands are situated between Prairie City and Monroe, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, which runs diagonally througli them. Here a town was platted called Monroe City, and a sale of lots took place. The number of 415 lots were sold, at prices that were not considered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments ( one-fourth ) amounted to $1,797.43, while the expenses of the sale and the claims of the commissioners for services amounted to $2,206.57. The commissioners made a report of their proceedings to the governor, as required by law, but the location was generally condemned. When the report of the commissioners, showing this brilliant financial operation, had been read in the House of Representatives, at the next session, and while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as the eccentric Judge Mc- Farland, moved to refer the report to a select committee of five, with instructions to report " how much of said city of Monroe was under water, and how much was burned." The report was referred, without the instructions, but Monroe City never became the seat of government. By an act approved Jan. 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been made was repealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchasers of lots being refunded to them. Tliis, of course, retained the seat of government at Iowa City, and precluded for the time the occupation of the b'uildingand grounds by the University. At the same session $3,000 more were appropriated for complet- ing the State building at Iowa City. In 1852, the further sum of $5,000, and in 1854, $4,000 more were appropriated for the same purpose, making the whole cost $123,000, paid partly by the general Government and partly by the State, but principally by the proceeds of the sale of lots in Iowa City. After the adjournment of the first General Assembly, the gov- ernor appointed Joseph Williams, Chief Justice, and George Green and John F. Kinney Judges, of the Supreme Court. They were afterward elected by the second General Assembly, and constituted HISTORY OF IOWA. 155 the Supreme Court until 1S55, with the exception that Kinnev resigned in January, 185i, andJ. C. Hall, of Burlington, was ap- pointed in his place. Hall was one of the earliest and ablest law- yers of the State, and his memory will long be cherished by the early members of the profession. Some changes having occurred by death and removal, the governor was induced to call an extra session of the General Assembly in January, 184S, with the hope of an election of United States senators. Tlie attempt, however, was asrain unsuccessful. At this session Charles Mason, Wm. G. Woodward and Stephen Hempstead were appointed commission- ers to prepare a code of laws for the State. Their work was finished in 1850 and was adopted by the General Assembly. This "code" contained among other provisions a code of civil practice, super- seding the old common-law forms of actions and writs, and it was admirable for its simplicity and method. It remained in force until 1863, when it was superseded by the more complicated and metaphysical system of the revision of that year. Tlie first representatives in Congress were S. Clinton Hastings, of Muscatine, and Shepherd LefHer, of Des Moines County. The second General Assembly elected to the United States Senate, Augustus Caesar Dodge and Geo. W. Jones. The State govern- ment, after the first session, was under the control of Democratic administrations till 1855. The electoral vote of the State was cast for Lewis Cass in ISiS, and for Franklin Pierce in 1852. The popular vote shows that the Free-Soil element of the State during this period very nearly held the balance of power, and that up to 1854 it acted in the State elections to some extent with the Demo- cratic party. In 185S Lewis Cass received 12,093 votes, Zachary Taylor 11,034, and Martin VanBuren, the Free-Soil candidate, 1,226 votes, being 167 less than a majority for Cass. In 1852 Pierce received 17.762 votes, Scott 15,855, and Hale, Free-Soil, 1,606, being for Pierce 301 votes more than a majority. The question of the permanent location of the seat of government was not settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to Pellaand to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its third reading. At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and on final vote, was just barely defeated. At the next session, how- ever, the effort was more successful, and Jan. 15, 1855, a bill re- 156 HISTOKY OF IOWA. locating the capital within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appointment of commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was selected in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act; the land being donated to the State by citizens and property-holders of Des Moines. An association of citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at a nominal rent. The passage by Congress of the act organizing the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, and the provision it contained abrogating that portion of the Missouri bill that prohibited slavery and invol- untary servitude north of 36 ® 30' was the beginning of a political revolution in the Northern States, and in none was it more marked than in the State of Iowa. Iowa was the "first free child born of the Missouri compromise," and has always resented the destruc- tion of her foster parent. In the summer of 1854 there was a tacit coalition or union of the Whig and Free-Soil elements of the State. Alarmed at the aggressive spirit manifested by the adher- ents of the peculiar institution, the Free-Soilers, who almost held the balance of power in the State, readily adopted as their candi- date the Whig nominee for governor. Many of the old-line Whigs abandoned their party because of tliis coalition, but many strong and able men among the Democrats co-operated with it. James W. Grimes was the nominee of the Whigs, and Curtis Bates, of Polk County, was the nominee of the Democratic party. Grimes was then in the vigor of his manhood, and all the energies of his being appeared to be aroused by what he denominated the aggres- sions of the slave power. He was thoroughly in earnest, and can- vassed most of the organized counties of the State. The people flocked by tlie thousands to hear him, and were electrified by his eloquence. No one of the opposition attempted to meet him in debate. The result was his election by a majority of 1,404, in a vote 21,794. A majority was also secured in the General Assembly on joint ballot of the two Houses in opposition to the Democratic party. The opposition piirty in 1854-'5 were known as anti- Nebraska Whigs. A caucus of this opposing element nominated James Harlan as their candidate for Dnited States Senator, Geo. G. Wright for Chief Justice, and Norman W. Isbell and Wm. G. Woodward for Judges of the Supreme Court. A portion of the opposition, however, refused to go into this cau- cus, or to abide by its decision as to the United States senator. They were the personal friends of Ebenezer Cook, of Scott County. HISTORY OF IOWA. 157 A joint convention was secured, and the judges of the Supreme Court were elected. After frequent ballotingsand adjournments, it was at last understood that Cook's friends had yielded, and would support Mr. Harlan. When the hour arrived to which the joint con- vention had adjourned, messengers were sent to the Senate b^' the House, to inform that body that the House was ready to meet them in joint convention. Before this message could be delivered, the Senate had adjourned over until the next day. The anti-Nebraska senators, however, entered the hall of the House, and took their seats in joint convention. Much confusion prevailed, but finally a president 'pro tern, of the convention was chosen, and Mr. Harlan was elected. His seat was contested, and his election declared in- valid by the United States Senate. At the next session of the General Assembly, held in 1857, Mr. Harlan was re-elected and was permitted to take his seat. The year 1S56 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. In 1854 the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In the same year, the corner-stone of a railroad bridge that was to be the first to span the " Father of Waters," was laid with appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enter- prise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an un- successful effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis repented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating Iowa's example. Jan. 1, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. In the meantime, two other rail- roads had reached the east bank of the Mississippi, — one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque, — and these were being ex- tended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four other lines of railroads had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, having eastern connections. May 15, 1856, Congress passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the construction of railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed to complete these enterprises. The population of Iowa was now 50O,U0O. Public attention had been called to the necessity of a railroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and center of the republic, on the route of this great highway of the continent, began to attract attention. Cities and towns 158 HISTOET OF IOWA. sprang up through the State as if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed in developing the vast coal measures and establishing manufactories, or if it had been e.x- pended in improving tlie lands, and in building houses and barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the spirit of speculation ruled the hour. In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy com- pletion of the railroads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in the interior, voted large corporate sub- scriptions to the stock of the railroad companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount. Thus enormous county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these municipalities tried to avoid, upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitu- tional limitation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these bonds to be valid, and the courts by mandam us compelled the city and county authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments recovered upon them. These debts are not all paid, even to this day; but the worst is over, and the incubus is in the course of ultimate extinction. The most valuable lessons are those learned in the school of experience, and accordingly, the corpora- tions of Iowa have ever since been noted for economy. In 1856, the Republican party of the State was duly organized, in full sympathy with that of the other free States, and at the ensuing presidential election, the electoral vote of the State was cast for John C. Fremont. The popular vote was as follows: Fremont, 43,954; Buchanan, 36,170, and Fillmore, 9,180. This was 1,296 less than a majority for Fremont. The following year an election was held, after an exciting campaign, for State officers, resulting in a majority of 1,406 for Ralph P. Lowe, the Republican nominee. The Legislature was largely Republican in both branches. In June, 1854, a Board of State Commissioners contracted with the Des Moines Navigation Railroad Company, an organiza- tion composed principally of New York capitalists, to undertake the work, agreeing to convey to the company lands at $1.25 an acre for all moneys advanced and expended. In the meantime difHcul- ties arose in regard to the extent of the grant. The State claimed lands throughout the whole extent of the river to the north line of the State. The Department of the Interior changed its rulings under the several administrations. The Commissioner of the Gen- eral Land Office certified to the State about 320,000 acres of land below the Raccoon fork or the river, and about 270,000 acres above HI8T0BY OF IOWA. 159 it prior to 1857, when he refused to certify any more. This led to a settlement and compromise witli the Navigation Company in 185S, whereby the company took all the land certified to the State at that date, and paid the State $20,000 in addition to what they had already expended, canceled their contract and abandoned the work. The General Assembly granted to the Des Moines Valley Railroad the remainder of the grant to the State line, to aid in build- ing a railroad up and along the Des Moines Valley ; and Congress in 1862 extended the grant, by express enactment, to the north line of the State. One of the most injurious results to the State, arising from the spirit of speculation prevalent in 1856, was the purchase and entry of great bodies of Government land within the State by non-residents. This laud was held for speculation and placed beyond the reach of actual settlers for many years. From no other one cause has Iowa suffered so much as from the short-sighted policy of the Federal Government in selling lands within her borders. The money thus obtained by the Federal Government has been comparatively incon- siderable. The value of this magnificent public domain to the United States was not in the few thousands of dollars she might exact from the hardy settlers, or that she might obtain from the speculator who hoped to profit by the settlers' labors in improving the country. Statesmen should have taken a broader and more comprehensive view of national economy, and a view more in har- mony with the divine economy that had prepared these vast fertile plains of the West for the " homes of men and the seats of empire." It was here that new States were to be builded up, that should be the future strength of the nation against foreign invasion or home revolt. A single regiment of Iowa soldiers during the dark days of the Rebellion was worth more to the nation than all the money she ever exacted from the toil and sweat of Iowa's early settlers. Could the statesmen of 40 years ago have looked forward to this day, when Iowa pays her $1,000,000 annually into the treasury of the nation for the extinction of the national debt, they would have realized that the founding of new States was a greater enterprise than the retailing of public lands. In January, 1857, another Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City, which framed the present State constitution. One of the most pressing demands for this convention grew out of the proliibition of banks under the old constitution. The practical result of this prohibition was to flood the State with every species 160 HISTORY OF IOWA. of" wild-cat" currency. Our circulating medium was made up in part of the free-bank paper of Illinois and Indiana. In addition to this, we had paper issued by Iowa brokers, who had obtained bank charters from the Territorial Legislature of Nebraska, and had their pretended headquarters at Omaha and Florence. Our currency was also well assorted with the bills from other States, generally sucli as had the best reputation where they were least known. This paper was all at two, and some of it from 10 to 15 per cent, discount. Every man who was not an expert in detecting counterfeit bills, and who was not posted in the history of all manner of banking institutions, did business at his peril. The new constitntion made ample provisions for house banks under the supervision of our own laws. The limitation of our State debt was enlarged to $250,000, and the corporate indebtedness of the cities and counties were also limited to five per cent, upon the valu- ation of their taxable property. The judges of the Supreme Court were to be elected by the popular vote. The permanent seat of government was fixed at Des Moines, and the State University located at Iowa City. The qualifications of electors remained the same as under the old constitution, but the schedule provided for a vote of the people upon a separate proposition to strike the word "white " out of the sufi'rage clause, which, had it prevailed, would have resulted in conferring the right of suflfrage without distinc- tion of color. Since the early organization of Iowa there had been upon the statute books a law providing that no negro, mulatto or Indian should be a competent witness iu any suit or proceed- ing to which a white man was a party. The General Assembly of 18o6-'7 repealed this law, and the new constitution contained a clause forbidding such disqualification in the future. It also pro- vided for the education of "all youth of the State" through a system of common schools. This constitution was adopted at the ensuing election by a vote of 40,311 to 38,681. Oct. 19, 1857, Gov. Grimes issued a proclamation declaring the city of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and con- tinued through the fall. It was an undertaking of no small mag- nitude; there was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually disagreeable. Rain, snow and other ac- companiments increased the difliculties; and it was not until De- cember that the last of the eff'ects, — the safe of the State treasurer, loaded on two large " bob-sleds " drawn by ten yokes of oxen, — was HISTORY OF IOWA. 161 deposited in the new capitol. It is not imprudent now to remark that, during this passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, the safes belonging to the several departments contained large sums of money, mostly individual funds, however. Thus Iowa City ceased to be the capital of the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three Constitutional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the exchange, the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the university, and, except tiie rooms occupied by tlie United States District Court, passed under the immediate and direct control of the trustees of that institution. Des Moines was now the perma- nent seat of government, made so by the fundamental law of the State, and Jan. 11, 1858, the seventh General Assembly convened at the new capitol. The citizens' association which built this tem- porary building borrowed the money of James D. Eads, Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, and leased it to the State. In 1804 the State purchased the building. At the session of the General Assembly in 1858, James W. Grimes was elected United States Senator as successor to George W. Jones. In 1856 and 1858 large appropriations were made for the erec- tion of public buildings and the support of the unfortunate classes, and a loan of $200,000 was authorized. In 1859 the Republicans nominated for governor^ Samuel J. Kirkwood, and the Democrats selected as their candidate Gen. A. C. Dodge, then just returned home from a mission to Spain. Kirkwood was elected by a ma- jority of 2,9t)4 votes. During the years lS5S-'60, the Sioux Indians became troublesome in the northwestern part of the State. They made frequent raids for the purpose of plunder, and on several occasions murdered whole families of settlers. In 1861 several companies of militia were ordered to that portion of the State, to hunt down and expel the thieves. No battles were fought. The Indians fled as soon as they ascertained that systematic measures had been adopted for tlieir punishment. The presidential campaign of 1860 was the most remarkable and exciting of any in the history of Iowa. The fact that civil war might be inaugurated and was threatened, in case Mr. Lincoln wae elected, was well understood and duly cotisidered. The people of Iowa indulged in no feeling of hatred or ill-will toward the people of any State or section of the Union. There was, however, on the part of the majority, a cool determination to consider and decide 10 162 HISTORY OF IOWA. upon our national relations to this institution of slavery, unin- fluenced by any threat of violence or civil war. The popular vote of Iowa gave Mr. Lincoln 70,409; Stephen A, Douglas, 55,011; Breckeuridge, 1,04S. The General Assembly of the State of Iowa, as early as 1851, had by joint resolution declared that the State of Iowa was "bound to maintain the union of these States by all the means in her power." The same year the State furnished a block of marble for the Wash- ington Monument at the national capital, and by order of the Gen- eral Assembly there was inscribed upon its enduring surface the following:" Iowa — Her affections, like the rivers of her borders, flow to an inseparable Union." The time was now approaching in her history when these declarations of attachment and fidelity to the nation were to be put to a practical test. Certainly the people of no State in the nation could be more vi- tally' interested in the question of our national unity than the peo- ple of Iowa. The older States of the Union, both North and South, were represented in its population. lowans were nearly all immi- grants, bound to those older communities by the most sacred ties of blood, and most endearing recollections of early days. In addi- tion to these considerations of a personal character, there were others of the gravest political importance. Iowa's geographical position as a State made the dismemberment of the Union a matter of serious concern. The Mississippi had been for years its highway to the markets of the world. The people could not entertain the thought that its navigation should pass under the control of a for- eign government. But more than this was to be feared the conse- quences of introducing and recognizing in our national system the principle of secession or disintegration. If this should be recognized as a right, what security had the States of the interior against their entire isolation from the com- merce of the world, by the future secession of the Atlantic and Pacific States. And the fact also remained, that secession or separation removed none of the causes of war. Whatever there was in the peculiar institution that created dift'erences of sentiment or feeling, or caused irritation, still existed after the separation, with no court or constitution as the arbiter of rights, and with the one resort, only, of the sword to settle differences. In secession and its logical and necessary results, we saw nothing but dire confusion and anarchy, and the utter destruction of that nationality through which alone we felt that our civil liberties as a people could be preserved, and the hopes of our civilization perpetuated. HISTORY OF IOWA. 10)3 The declaration of Mr. Buchanan's last annual message, that the nation possessed no constitutional power to coerce a seceding State, was received by the great majority of our citizens with humiliation and distrust. Anxiously they awaited the expiring hours of his administration, and looked to the incoming President as to an exj^ected deliverer that should rescue the nation from the hands of traitors, and the control of those whose non-resistance invited her destruction. The firing upon the national flag at Sumter aroused a burning indignation throughout the loyal States of the Republic, and nowhere was it more intense than in Iowa. And when the proclamation of the President was published, April 15, 1861, calling for 75,000 citizen soldiers to "maintain the honor, the integrity and the existence of our national Union, and the perpetuity of popular government," we were more than willing to respond to the call. Party lines gave way, and for a while, at least, party spirit was liushed, and the cause of our common countr}' was supreme in the affections of the people. Peculiarly fortunate were the people of Iowa at this crisis, in having a truly representative man as executive of the State. Thoroughly honest and thoroughly earnest, wholl}- imbued with the enthusiasm of the hour, fully aroused to the importance of the crisis, and the magnitude of the struggle upon which we were entering, with an indomitable will under thd? control of a strong common sense, our war governor, Samuel J. Kirkwood, was indeed a worthv chief to organize and direct the energies of the people. Within thirty days after the date of the President's call for troops, the First Iowa liegiment was mustered into the service of the United States, a second regiment was in camp ready for the service, and the General Assembly of the State was convened in special session, and had by joint resolution solemnly pledged every resonrce of men and money to the national cause. The constitution of Iowa limited the State debt to $250,000, except debts contracted to "repel invasion, suppress insurrection, or defend the State in war." The General Assembly authorized a loan of $SOO,0(iO for a war and defense fund, to be expended in organizing, arming, equipping and subsisting the militia of the State to meet the present and future requisitions of the President. Those in power looked to the s])irit, rather than to the letter of the constitution, and acted upon the theory that to preserve the nation was to preserve the State, and that to prevent invasion was the most effectual means of " repelling" it. A few, however, in both branches of the General Assembly were more careful of the letter of the cou- 164 HISTORY OF IOWA. Btitution. Three votes in the Senate and 17 in the House were cast against the loan bill. These bonds were at seven per cent, interest. Only $300,000 were ever issued, and they were purchased and held chiefly by our own citizens. We had at this crisis James W. Grimes and James Harlan in the United States Senate, and General Samuel R. Curtis and General Yandever to represent us in the House of Representatives. During the first year of the war, Iowa furnished 16 regiments of infantry, six of cavalry and three batteries, — in all, 22,000 soldiers. Iowa had no refuse popula- tion to enlist as '' food for powder." Her cities contained none of that element found about the purlieus of vice in the great centers of population. Her contribution to the armies of the republic was a genuine offering of manhood and patriotism. From her fields, her workshops, her counting-houses, her ofiices, and the halls of her schools and colleges, she contributed the best muscle, sinew and brain of an industrious, enterprising and educated people. The first regiment of Iowa soldiers fought the battle of Wilson's Creek after their term of enlistment had expired, and after they were entitled to a discharge. They were citizen soldiers, each of whom had a personal interest in the struggle. It was to them no question of enlistment, of bounty or of pay. When the gallant General Lyon placed Mmself at their head, and told them that the honor of Iowa and of the nation was in their hands, he addressed men who knew what the appeal meant, and to whom such an appeal was never made in vain. At the fall election of 1861, party spirit had revived; and tbe contest for the control of the State administration was warm and earnest. Dissensions arose in both parties, but the election re- sulted in a majority of 16,600 votes for Kirkwood, who was thus retained as Governor of Iowa. Both branches of the Assembly were also strongly Republican. In 1863 the Republicans elected their candidate for Governor, Wm. M. Stone, by a majority of 29,000. Meanwhile, the General Assembly had passed a law authorizing^ the "soldiers' vote," that if, citizens of the State in the volunteer military service of the United States, whether within or without the limits of the State, were authorized to open a poll on the day of the election, and to make return of their votes to the proper civil authorities. In the presidential contest of 1864, the popular vote at home was as follows: Lincoln, 72,122; McClellan, 47,703. The soldier vote returned was: Lincoln, 16,844; McClellan^ 1,883. HISTORY OF IOWA. 165 During these years of our history, the thoughts and energies of the people were intent upon the war. The State was simply a re- cruiting rendezvous for the army. Our railroads and express lines were carrying away the strong and vigorous, and returning to us the bodies t)f the cherished dead. The social life of the people was made up to a great extent of meetings, to raise means for sanitary and hospital supplies. Sociables were held, concerts given, festi- vals made; all with one object — to raise money for the sanitary commissions. The hearts of the women of Iowa followed their loved ones to the field; and their every thought was, how they could alleviate the sufferings they were not permitted to share. Sani- tary commissions, official and unofficial, were organized, that pro- voked one another to good works, and were sometimes provoked at one another for their good work! The General Assembly did all in its power to encourage enlist- ments and to protect the soldiers in the field and their families at home. Statutes were enacted suspending all suits against sol- diers in the service, and all writs of execution or attachment against their property; and county boards of supervisors were au- thorized to vote bounties for enlistments, and pecuniary aid to the families of those in the service. The spirits of our people rose and fell, according to the success of the Union armies. One day the bells rung out with joy for the surrender of Vicksburg, and again the air seemed full of heaviness because of our defeats on the Pen" insula; but through all these dark and trying days, the faith of the great majority never wavered. The emancipation proclamation of the President was to them the inspiration of a new hope. The contest had been conducted upon theories that made slavery the very strength of the Rebellion. Every slave in the field cultivating grain for the subsistence of the rebel army, was the equivalent of a citizen of the loyal States de- tained from the army to perform the same labor. To offer freedom to the slave was to destroy the rebel base of supplies. 15ut stronger than all these theories of political economy, was the humanitarian spirit of the people, that hears the cry of the oppressed, and commands men and nations to do justice and to love mercy. In the adjutant's department at Des Moines are ])reserved the shot-riddled colors and standards of Iowa's regiments. Upon them, bv special authority, were inscribed from time to time duVing the war the names of the battle-fields upon which tiiese regiments 166 HISTORY OF IOWA. gained distinction. These names constitute the geographical no- menclature of two-thirds of the territory lately in rebellion. From the Des Moines River to the Gulf, from the Mississippi to the At- lantic, in the mountains of West Yirginia and in the valley of the Shenandoah, the Iowa soldier made his presence kno'Wii and felt, and maintained the honor of the State, and the cause of the nation. They were with Lyon at Wilson's Creek; with Tuttle at Donelson. They fought with Siegel and with Curtis at Pea Ridge; with Crocker at Champion Hills; with Reid at Shiloh. They were with Grant at the surrender of Vicksburg. They fought above the clouds with Hooker at Lookout Mountain. They were with Shei^ man in his marcli to the sea, and were ready for battle when John- son surrendered. They were with Sheridan in the valley of the Shenandoah, and were in the veteran ranks of the nation's deliver- ers that stacked their arms in the national capitol at the close of the war. The State furnished to the armies of the Republic, during the war, over 70,000 men, and 20,000 of these perished in battle or from diseases contracted in the service. Iowa's senators and representatives in Congress never failed to sustain the national administration in its most vigorous and radi- cal war policy. Elsewhere in this volume is given a detailed account of Iowa's part in the war, and a notice of each regiment furnished by the State. At the close of the war the citizen soldiers returned to their fields, their work-shops and offices, and soon began to repair the losses their absence had occasioned to the productive industry of the State. From that time till to-day, Iowa's history is tliat of steady prosperity, with few of those mishaps which so largely make up written history. In 1870 the General Assembly made an appropriation and pro- vided for the appointment of a board of commissioners to com" mence the work of building a new capitol. Tlie act provided that the building should be constructed of the best material, and should be fire-proof ; be heated and ventilated in the most approved man- ner; contain suitable legislative halls, rooms for State officers, the iudiciary, library, committees, archives, and collections of the State Agricultural Society, and all other purposes of State government. The corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies, Nov. 23, 1871. The building is nearly finished, and is a beautiful specimen of modern architecture. HISTORY OF IOWA. IOWA OF TO-DAY. 167 When Wisconsin Territory was organized in 1836, the entire population of that portion of the Territory now embraced in tiie State of Iowa was 10,531. The Territory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected by the Territory of Miciiigan in 1834. Since tlien, the counties have increased to 99, and the population in 1880 was l,t)21:,463. The following table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa Territory: Year. Population. 1865 75n,()9!) 181)7 902,040 1869 1,040,819 1870 1,191.737 1873 l,2r.!,33:J Year. Population. Year. Popalation. 1838 22,589118.51 804,774 1840 4:!,115|1853 230,713 1844 7.5,1521854 32(i,013 1846 97,.588iH.56 519,0.55 1847 116,651118.59 0;18,775 1849 152,988'l860 674,913|l875 1,366,000 1850 191,982jl863 701,732|l880 1,624,463 The most populous county is Dubuque — 42,997. Polk County has 41,395, and Scott, 41,270. Not only in population, but in everythiug contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than 35 years, its wild but beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civilized commonwealth, embracing all the ele- ments of progress which characterize the older States. The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in January, 1871. The completion of three others soon fol- lowed. In 1854 there was not a mile of railroad in Iowa. Within the succeeding 20 years, 3,765 miles were built and put in success- ful operation. Elsewhere in this work is given full information as to the pop- ulation, finances, mines, climate, geography, geology, agriculture, public lands, education, colleges and penal and charitable institu- tions of Iowa; and these will therefore not be treated here. The present value of buildings for our State institutions, includ- ing the estimated cost of the capitol, is as follows: State Capitol $2,500,000 State University 400,000 AgricuUural Oil. and Farm 300.000 InstilulioD l'»r the Blind... 1.50.000 Inst, for the Deaf and Dumb 225,000 Insliuilion.s for the Insane. 1,149,000 Orphans' Home 62,000 Penitentiiirics 408,000 Nnrinal School .50,000 Reform School 90,000 The State has never levied more that two and one-half mills on the dollar for State tax, and this is at present the constitutional limit. The State has no debt. 168 HISTORY OF IOWA. No other influence has contributed so much to the progress and development of Iowa as the newspapers of the State. No class of men have labored more assiduously and disinterestedly for the de- velopment of the State and the advancement of her material interests than her editors. There are now published in Iowa 25 daily papers, 364 weekly papers and 13 monthly' publications. These are as a rule well supported by the people. Such is briefly a summary of the history and resources of Iowa. There is perhaps no other country on earth where so few people are either rich or poor as in Iowa; where there is such an equality of condition, and where so many enjoy a competence. The law exempts from exe- cution a homestead to every head of a family. Every sober, indus- trious man can in a short time acquire a home. Iowa is the home for the immigrant. The children of the laboring man have no prejudice of caste to overcome in the effort they may choose to make for the improvement of their condition in life. Here all men enjoy the inalienable blessings of '• life, liberty and the pur- suit of happiness," not only unfettered by legal disabilities, but also untrammeled by those fixed conditions of social and. business life that elsewhere result from accumulated wealth in the posses- sion of the few. As education is free, so also the avenues of suc- cess are open in every pursuit and calling. The highest incentives exist to exertion. Labor and effort, whether manual or mental, are held alike honorable; and idleness and crime are alone consid- ered disreputable. Thriving cities and towns dot the land; an iron net-work of thousands of miles of railroads is woven over its broad acres; 10,- 000 school-houses, in which more than 500,000 children are being taught the rudiments of education, testify to the culture and liber- ality of the people; high schools, colleges and universities, are gen- erously endowed by the State; manufactories are busy on all her water courses, and in most of her cities and towns. We cannot close this sketch without again quoting from Judge Nourse: "The great ultimate fact that America would demon- strate is, the existence of a people capable of attaining and pre- serving a superior civilization, with a government self-imposed, self-administered and self-perpetuated. In this age of wonderful progress, America cari exhibit nothing to the world of mankind more wonderful or more glorious, than her new States — youn empires, born of her own enterprise, and tutored at her own politi cal hearth-stone. Well may she say to the monarchies of the old 3 HISTOKY OF IOWA. 169 world, who look for evidences of her regal grandeur and state: " Behold, these are my jewels." And may she never blush to add: " This one in the center of the diadem is called Iowa." IOWA AND THE REBELLION. The State of Iowa may well be proud of her record dnring the war, to suppress the wicked rebellion against the Union, which rebellion grew to such gigantic proportions as to require immense expenditure and large armies from most of them. It is true, that in comparison with the part borne by the national troops in the war, the part borne by any single State may be unimportant. The fact is, however, that the war was of such magnitude, that the part taken by each State in it can be compared with a whole nation's part in an ordinary war. Iowa, for instance, sent into the field during the Rebellion four times as many men as Gen. Scott had under his command during the Mexican war, fully 10 times as many as Gen. Jackson had when he won the victory of New Orleans, and quite as many as Gen. Washington ever had under command at one time. These Union troops from Iowa occupied conspicuou.s positions, carried many flags, dropped from their muster rolls in death and wounds many comrades, in all the important campaigns and battles of the West; in those of Sherman in the Southeast; of Canby in the South, and in those of Gen. Sheridan in the Shenan- doah Valley. Whether in the promptitude of her responses to the calls made on her by the general Government, in the courage and constancy of her soldiery in the field, or in the wisdom and efficiency with which her civil administration was conducted during the trying period covered by the Rebellion, Iowa proved herself the peer of any loyal State. The bombardment of Fort Sumter. April 12, 1861, and its capitu- lation the next daj' to the rebels, under the command of Beauregard, aroused the country to the highest pitch of indignation. The cry of "Toar.ms!" was heard everywhere, from men of all political parties. The enthusiasm was great all over the land, and, perhaps, greater in the Northwest than elsewhere. In this section, there are but few of entirely sedentary pursuits. Very many more spend their days in out-door employments than in in-door vocations, and those that are employed in-doors, as a rule, indulge freely in out- door sports and exercise. The most successful editor of Iowa is 170 HISTOKY OF IOWA. scarcely more distinguished for his independent spirit and able paragraphs than he is for his skill in catching fish; whilst most of our lawyers and doctors are famous with fowling-pieces. A country where there is little dyspepsia must needs be deeph', deeply enthusiastic on proper occasions. Certain it is, that the intelligence of the fall of Fort Sumter aroused martial patriotism throughout Iowa. April 15 President Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers, and one regiment was assigned as the quota of Iowa. On the 17th Gov. Samuel J. Kirkwood issued a proclama- tion enjoining the militia of the State immediately to form volun. teer companies in the different counties, with a view of entering into active service under the President's call, and announcing that the regiment required would consist of ten companies of at least 78 men each. This proclamation had scarcely been printed before the executive was besieged by applicants for admission into the regiment, which could not contain one-fourth tlie men who were ready and anxious to enter it. The people were not a little indig- nant that the secretary of war required only one regiment from the State, that he would receive but a thousand men of the thousands they wanted to give. So urgent were the offers of com. panics, that the governor conditionally accepted enough additional companies to compose two additional regiments. Tliese were soon accepted by the secretary of war. Near the close of May, the Adjutant General of the State reported that 170 companies had been tendered the governor, to serve against the enemies of the Union. The question was eagerly asked, " Which of us will be allowed to go? " It seemed as if Iowa was monopolizing the honors of the period, and would send the larger part of the 75,000 wanted from the whole North. There were much difficulty and considerable delay experienced in fitting the first three regiments for the field. For the First Infantry a complete outfit (not uniform) of clotliing was extemporized principally by the volunteered labor of loyal women in the different towns — from material of various colors and qualities, obtained within the limits of the State. The same was done in part for the Second Infantry. Meantime, an extra session of the General Assembly had been called by the governor, to convene on the 15th of May. With but little delay, that body authorized a loan of $800,000, to meet the extraordinary expenses incurred, and to be incurred, by the Executive Department, in consequence of the HISTOKy OF IOWA. 171 new emergency. A wealthy merchant of the State (ex-Governor Merrill, then a resident of McGregor ) immediately took from the governor a contract to supply a complete outfit of clothing for the three regiments organized, agreeing to receive, should the governor 80 elect, his pay therefor in the State bonds at par. This contract he executed to tlie letter, and a portion of the clothing ( which was manufactured in Boston, at his order) was delivered at Keokuk, the place at which the troops liad rendezvoused, in exactly one month from the day in which the contract had been entered into. The remainder arrived only a few days later. Tiiis clothing was delivered to the soldiers, but was subiuquently condemned by the Government for the reason that its color was gray, and blue had been adopted as the color to be worn by the national troops. Other States had also clothed their troops, sent forward under the first call of Presi- dent Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was soon found that the confederate forces were also clothed in gra}', and that color was at once abandoned by the Union troops. If both armies were clothed alike, annoying if not fatal mistakes were liable to be made. Wiiile engaged in these efforts to discharge her whole duty in common with all the other Union-loving States in the great emergency, Iowa was compelled to make immediate and ample provision for the protection of her own borders, from threatened invasions on t!he South by the secessionists of Missouri, and from danger of incursions from tlie West and Northwest by bands of hostile Indians, who were freed from the usual restraint imposed upon them by the presence of regular troops stationed at the frontier posts. These troops were withdrawn to meet the greater and more pressing danger tiircatening the life of the nation at its very heart. The governor of the State, in order to provide for the adequate defense of Iowa's borders from the ravages of both rebels in arms against the Government, and of the more irresistible foes from the Western plains, was authorized to raise and equip two regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry ( not less than five companies ), and a battalion of artillery ( not less than three comnanies). Only cavalry were enlisted for home defense, however, but in times of special danger, or when calls were made by the Unionists of North- ern Missouri for assistance against their disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often turned out, and remained in the field until the necessity for their services had passed. June 13 Gen. Lvon, tiien commandiuir the United States forces in Missouri, issued the first order for the Iowa volunteers to move to the field. The First and Second Infantry immediately embarked 172 HISTORY OF IOWA. in steamboats and proceeded to Hannibal. Two weeks later the Third Infantry was ordered to the same point. These three, to- gether with many other of the earlier organized Iowa regiments, rendered their first field service in Missouri. The First Infantry formed a part of the little army with which Gen Lyon moved on Springfield, and fought the bloody battle of Wilson's Creek. It received unqualified praise for its gallent bearing on the field. In the following month (September), the Third Iowa, with but very slight support, fought with honor the sanguinary engagement of Blue Mills Landing; and in November the Seventh Iowa, as a part of the force commanded by Gen. Grant, greatly distinguished itself in the battle of Belmont, where it poured out its blood like water — losins: more than half of the men it took into action. The initial operations in which the battles referred to took place were followed by the more important movements led by Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of this State, and other commanders, which re- sulted in defeating the armies defending the chief strategic lines held by the confederates in Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri and Arkansas, compelling their withdrawal from much of the territory previously controlled by them in those States. In these and other movements, down to the grand culminating campaign by which Vicksburg was captured and the Confederacy permanently severed on the line of the Mississippi River, Iowa troops took part in steadilv increasing numbers. In the investment and siege of Vicks- burg, the State was represented by 30 regiments and two batteries, in addition to which eight regiments and one battery were employed on the outposts of the besieging army. The brilliancy of their exploits on the many fields where they served, won for them the highest meed of praise, both in military and civil circles. Multi- plied were the terms in which expression was given to this senti- ment, but these words of the journals of a neighboring State: "The Iowa troops have been heroes among heroes," embody the spirit of all. In the veteran re-enlistment that distinguished the closing month of 1863, above all other periods in the history of re-enlistment for the national armies, the Iowa three years' men (who were relatively more numerous than those of any other State), were prompt to set the example of volunteering for another term of equal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great army of those who gave this renewed and practical assurance that the cause of the Union should not be left without defenders. HISTORY OF IOWA. 173 In all the important movements of 1864-'5, by which the con- fcdoracy was penetrated in every quarter, and its military power finally overthrown, the Iowa troops took part. Their drum-beat was heard on the banks of every great river of the South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they rendered the same faithful and devoted service, maintaining on all occasions their wonted reputation for valor in the field, and endurance on the march. Two Iowa three-year cavalry regiments were employed during their whole terra of service in the operations that were in progress from 1863 to 1866 against the hostile Indians of the Western plains. A portion of these men were among the last of the volunteer troops to be mustered out of service. The State also supplied a considerable number of men to the navy, wlio took part in most of the naval operations prosecuted against the Confederate power on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, and the rivers of the West. The people of Iowa were early and constant workers in the san- itary field, and by their liberal gifts and personal eftbrts for the ben- efit of the soldiery, placed their State in the front rank of those who became distinguished for their exhibitions of patriotic benevolence during the period covered by the war. Agents appointed by the governor were stationed at points convenient for rendering assisfc- , ance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while others were employed in visiting, from time to time, hospitals, camps and ar- mies in the field, and doing whatever the circumstances rendered possible for the health and comfort of such of tlie Iowa soldiery as might be found there. Charitable enterprises also found a ready support in Iowa. Some of the benevolent people of the State early conceived the idea of establishing a home for such of the children of deceased soldiers as might be left in destitute circumstances. This idea first took form in 1863, and in the following year a home was opened at Fariuin.;ton, Van Buren County, in a building leased for that pur- pose, and which soon became filled to its utmost capacity. The institution received liberal donations from the general public, and also from the soldiers in the field. In 1865 it became necessary to provide increased accommodations for the large number of children who were seeking the benefits of its care. This was done by estab- lishing a branch at Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, and by se- curing, during the same year, for the use of the parent home. Camp Kinsman, near the city of Davenport. This property, by act ot 174 HISTORV OF IOWA. Congress, was soon afterward donated to the institution. In 1 866, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the Soldier's Or- phan's Home (which then contained about 450 inmates), became a State institution, and thereafter the sums necessary for its support were appropriated from the State treasury. A second branch was established at Glenwood, Mills County. Convenient tracks were secured, and valuable improvements made at all the dilierent points. Schools were also established, and employments provided for such of the children as were of suitable age. In every way the provision made for these wards of the State has been such as to chal- lenge the approval of every benevolent mind. The number of chil- dren who have been inmates of the home from its foundation to the present time is considerably more than 2,000. No bounty was paid by the State on account of the men she placed in the Held. In some instances, toward the close of the war, bounty to a comparatively small amount was paid by cities and towns. On only one occasion, that of the call of July 18, 1864, was a draft made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of her proper liability, as established by previous rulings of the War Department, to supply men under that call, but grew out of the great necessity that there existed for raising men. The Govern ■ ment insisted on temporarily setting aside, in part, the former rule of settlements, and enforcing a draft in all cases where sub-districts* in any of the States should be found deficient in their supply of men. In no instance was Iowa, as a whole, found to be indebted to the general Government for meUi on a settlement of her quota accounts. Not satisfied with merely doing her duty under the law, Iowa of her patriotic generosity did more than was required. The 17th, 18th and 37th Regiments of infantry, the 6th, 7th , 8th and 9th Regiments of cavalry were all enrolled, not to meet any call from the general Government, but to enable citizens of the State to €nlist under the banners of the Union, in excess of all demands which could lawfully be made. The State also contributed a large number of men and many officers to regiments in Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and out of a population of less than 2,000 arms-bearing colored citizens, raised nearly a whole regiment of African troops. But besides the troops thus regularly enrolled within the State, and those who formed part of regiments in neighboring States, there were not a few of HISTORY OF IOWA. 175 Iowa's citizens in the regular army, in the different staff depart- ments of tlic volunteer army, and in commands belonging to far distant States. Those also should be noticed who were called upon to protect the State and adjoining States from raids, to preserve the internal peace of the State, etc. In ISGl, when Northern Missouri was overrun by predatory bands, and the loyal citizens were being driven from their homes by hundreds, and suffering in life, person and estate, the border Iowa yeomanry, unskilled in anything per- taining to war, responded to the Macedonian cry of their neighbors and speeded across the line to holp them, to the number of 1,500. They were armed with old fowling pieces and antiquated militia gear — but they proved effective nevertheless, their hearts being in the right place. In the same year three expeditions were sent out to beat back the Jackson bushwhackers who were advancing on Iowa, driving out the Union men on their way. These expeditions numbered about 1,300 men, and performed valuable service in Missouri. On the northern border, during the same year, the Sioux City cavalry, 93 men, and Capt. Tripp's company, about 50 men, were employed to protect the borders against the Indians. In 1S62, under authority of the General AssembI}', the Northern and Southern Border Brigades, were organized, the one for the protection of the State against guerilla bands on the south along the entire border, the other to keep in check the disaffected Indians intent on mischief in the Northwest. There were five companies of the Northern Border Brigade, 250 men, and 10 companies of the Southern Border Brigade, 794 men, judiciously stationed at ex- posed points. For two years the State at her own expense sup- ported these organizations. There can be no doubt that this was a wise expenditure, considering the service done — that of staying murder, rapine and arson, which were threatening to stalk through the State. Subsequently SOO militia in 11 companies were called out to suppress the celebrated Talley treason in Keokuk County, and 50O on account of the disturbances in Poweshiek and Davies Counties. At the beginning of tlie war, the population of Iowa included about 150,000 men presumably liable to render niilitary service. The State raised for general service 39 regiments of infantry, nine regiments of faval;-y, and four companies <>f artillery, com])osed of three years' men; one regiment of infantry, composed of three 176 HISTOKV OF IOWA. montlis' men; and four regiments and one battalion of infantry, com- posed of 100 days' men. The original enlistments in these various organizations, including 1,727 men raised by draft, numbered a lit- tle more than 69,000. The re-enlistments, including upward of 7,- 000 veterans, numbered very nearly 8,000. ' The enlistments in the regular army and navy, and organizations of other States, will, if added, raise the total to upward of 80,000. The number of men who, under special enlistments, and as militia, took part at differ- ent times in the operations on the exposed borders of the State, was probably as many as 5,000. As an inevitable result of war, many became prisoners, and suf- fered the cruelties of Libby, Anderson ville, and other "pens" in the South, which have become famous the world over, solely be- cause of the incredible barbarities practiced in them. Considerable portions of the 8th, 12th, and 14th Regiments were captured, after hard fighting, at Shiloh; the 16th was nearly all surrendered at At- lanta; the 17th at Tilton; the 19th at Sterling farm; the 36th at Mark's Mill. Many escaped heroically from rebel imprisonment, and the narratives of their sufferings would make many interesting volumes. Every loyal State of the Union had many women who devoted much time and great labor toward relieving the wants of our sick and wounded soldiery, but for Iowa can be claimed the honor of inaugurating the great charitable movement which was so success- fully supported by the noble women of the North. Mrs. Harlan, wife of Hon. James Harlan, United States Senator, was :he first woman of our country among those moving in high circles of soci- ety who personally visited the army and ministered to the wants of the suff"ering soldiery. In many of her visits to the army, Mrs. Harlan was accompanied by Mrs. Joseph T. Fales, wife of the first State auditor of Iowa. No words can describe the good done, the lives saved, and the deaths made easy by the host of noble women of Iowa, whose names it would take a volume to print. Every county, every town, every neighborhood in the State had tliese true heroines, whose praise can never be fully known, till the final ren- dering of all accounts of deeds done in the body. The contribu- tions of the State to "sanitary fairs," during the war were enor- mous, amounting to many hundred thousand dollars. Highly suc- cessful fairs were held at Dubuque, Muscatine, Burlington, and Marshalltown, while all the towns contributed most generously to HISTORY OF IOWA. 177 fairs of a less general nature. All this must be added to the work of the many " Florence Nightingales" of Iowa, whose heroic sacri- fices have won for them the umiying gratitude of the nation. It is to be said to the honor and credit of Iowa, that while many of the loyal States, older and larger in population and wealth, in- curred heavy State debts for the purpose of fulfilling their obliga- tions to the general Government, Iowa, while she was foremost in duty, while she promptly discharged all her obligations to her sis- ter States and the Union, found herself at the close of the w.ir with- out any material addition to her pecuniary liabilities incurred before the war commenced. Upon final settlement after the restora- tion of peace, her claims upon the Federal Government were found to be fully etpial to the amount of her bt^nds issu'.'d and sold during the war to provide the means for raising and equipping her troops sent into the field, and to meet the inevitable demands upon her treasury in consequence of the war. It was in view of the facts tiiat Iowa had more than done her duty during the war, and that without incurring any considerable indebtedness, and that her troops had fought most gallantly on nearly every battle-field of the war, that the Newark Advertiser and other prominent Eastern journals called Iowa the " model State of the Republic." We give in the following pages a brief account of each regiment which was credited to Iowa during the war. The First Regiment was organized under the President's first proclamation for volunteers for three months, with John Francis Bates, of Dubuque, as Colonel; Wm. II. Merritt, of Cedar Rapids, as Lieutenant Colonel, and A. B. Porter, of Mt. Pleasant, as Major. Companies A and C were from Muscatine (Jounty; Company B, from Johnson County; Companies D and E, from Des Moines County; Company F, from Henry County; Company G, from Davenport; Companies II and I, from Dubuque; and Company K, from Linn County. The regiment was mustered into the service of the United States May 14, 1861, at Keokuk. The different com- panies were independent military organizations before the war. and tendered their service before the breaking out of hostilities. The regitnent was in quarters in Keokuk for two weeks. During this time they beciime proficient in the use of arms, and they learned something of practical camp life. June 13, the regiment received orders to join Gen. Lyon in Missouri. They immediately embarked on board a steamer, and by midnight were at Hannibal, Mo., where 11 178 HISTORY OF IOWA. they slept on the floor of a large warehouse. They proceeded with- out delay to the interior of the State, where Gen. Lyon had jnst defeated Gov. Jackson with his so-called State troops. Joining Lyon, they were soon given a taste of active service. For two months they were almost constantly on the march, and occasionally skirmished with the enemy. Aug. 10, a sharp battle was fought with the enemy at Wilson's Creek, when the gallant and noble Gen. Lyon was killed, and the regiment lost 10 killed and 50 wounded. After the battle, the regiment proceeded to St. Louis, and their three months having expired, were mustered out Aug. 25, 18(31. The number of officei's and men in this regiment were 959. Of these 13 were killed, ]3 died, lil were wounded, and three were missing. The Second Infantry was organized soon after the commence- ment of the war, with Samuel R. Curtis, of Keokuk, as Colonel; James M. Tiittle of Keosau(|ua, as Lieutenant-Colonel; and M. M. Crocker, of Des Moines, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at Keokuk, in May, 1861. Company A was from Keokuk; CompaniesB and G, from Scott County; Company D, from Des Moines; Company E, from Fairfield, Jefferson County; Company F, from Van Buren County; Company G, from Davis County; Company H, from Washington Count}'; Company I, from Clinton County, and Company K, from Wapello County. It par- ticipated in the following engageuients: Fort Donelson, Shiloh, advance on Corinth, Corinth, Little Bear Creek, Ala., Resaca, Ga., Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack Creek, in front of Atlanta, Jan. 22, 1864, siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, Eden Station, Little Ogeechee, Savannah, Columbia, Lynch's Creek and Bentonville; went with Sherman on his march to the sea, and tlirough the Carolinas, home. This regiment was one of Iowa's most distinguished commands in the war. It was the first three years' regiment, and it left for the theater of war even before the First Regiment, by a few hours. Its companies were enrolled during that first splendid enthu- siasm which followed the bombardment of Fort Sumter, and they contained many men of talent and reputation. The regiment espe- cially distinguished itself in the capture of Fort Donelson, in enter- ing which it was awarded the post of honor. It was then that the unenthusiastic Gen. Ilalleck pronounced the Iowa Second the " bravest of the brave." The Second Veteran Infantry was formed by the consolidation of the battalions of the Second and Third Vet- eran Infantry, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ky. , July 12, HISTORY OF IOWA. 179 1865. The total number of officers and men who enlisted in this regiment was 1,217. Of tliis number, during the war, 6-1: were killed, 134 died, 330 were discliarged, 26S were wounded, 14 were missing and 24 were captured. The TiiiiJD Infantijy was organized at about the same time as the second, with Nelson G. Williams, of Dubuque County, as Colonel; John Scott, of Story County, Lieut. Colonel; "Wiu. N Stone, of Marion County, as Major, and was mustered into the United States service in June, ISGl, at Keokuk. Company A was from Dubu'jue County; Company B, frotn Marion County; Com- pany C, from Clayton Count}*; Company D, from Winneshiek County; Company E, from Boone, Story, Marshall and Jasper Coun- ties; Company F, from Fayette County; Company G, from Warren County; Company H, from Mahaska County; Company I, from Floyd, Butler, Blackhawk and Mitchell Counties; and Comjiany K, from Cedar Falls. The regiment was engaged at Blue Mills, Mo., Shiloh, Hatchie River, Matamoras, Vicksburg, Johnson, Miss., in the Meridian expedition, at Atlanta, in Sherman's march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Richmond and Washing- ton. Tiie regiment waj veteranized and organized as a battalion in 1864, but before the officers received their commissions, the battalion bravely fought itself out of existence at the battle of Atlanta. The remnant was consolidated with the veterans of the Second, and the regiment was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1864. The total number of officers and men in the regi- ment was 1,074. Of this number, during the war, 57 were killed, 133 died. 231 were discharged, 269 were wounded, 10 were missing, 93 were captured and 19 were transferred. The Fourth Infantry was organized with G. M. Dodge, of Council Bluffs, as Colonel; John Galligan, of Davenport, as Lieut. - Colonel; Wm. R. English, of Glen wood, as Major. Company A, from Mills County, was mustered in at Jefterson barracks, Mis- souri, Aug. 15, 1861 ; Company B, Pottawattamie County, at Coun- cil Bluffs, Aug. 8; Company C, Guthrie County, at Jefferson barracks. May 3; Company D, Decatur County, at St. Louis, Aug. 16; Company E, Polk County, at Council Bluffs, Aug. S;Compatiy F, Madison County, at Jefferson barracks, Aug. 15; Company G, Ringgold County, at Jefferson barracks, Aug. 15; Company H, Adams County, at Jefferson barracks, Aug. 15; Company I, Wayne County, at St. Louis, Aug. 31; Company K, Taylor and Page Counties, at St. Louis, Aug. 31. The regiment was engaged at 180 HISTORY OF IOWA. Pea Ridi^c, Chiclcasaw Bayua, Arkansas Post, Vicksbarg, Jackson, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, and Taylor's Ridge. It came home on veteran furlough, Feb. 26, 186-i. Returned in April; was in the campaign against Atlanta, Sher- man's march to the sea, and thence through theCarolinas to Wash- ington, and home. Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 24, 1SC5. The total number of officers and men in this regiment was 1,184, of whom 61 were killed, 205 died, 299 were discharged, 338 were wounded, 5 were missing, 44 were captured, and 37 were transferred. The Fifth Infantry was organized with Wm. H. Worthington, of Keokuk, as Colonel; C. Z. Mathias, of Burlington, as Lieut. -Colo- nel; W. S. Robertson, of Columbus City, as Major, and was mus- tered into the service of the United States, at Burlington, July 15, 1861. Company A was from Cedar County; Company B, from Jasper County ; Company C, from Louisa County ; Company D, from Marshall County; Company E, from Buchanan County; Company F, from Keokuk County; Company G, from Benton County; Com- pany H, fromVan Buren County; Company I, from Jackson County ;^ and Company K, from Allamakee County. The regiment was en- gaged at New Madrid, siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Champion Hills, siege of Vicksburg and Chickamauga. Went home on vet- eran furlough in April, 1864. The non-veterans went home in July, 1864, leaving 180 veterans who were transferred to the Fifth Iowa Cavalry. Tlie Fifth Cavalry was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 11,1865. Tlie regiment had done brave service, and amply deserves the high encomium passed upon it by the generals of the army. The total number of officers and men in the regiment was 1.037, of whom 65 were killed, 126 died, 244 were discharged, 288 were wounded, 103 were captured, and 50 were transferred. The Sixth Infantry' was organized with John A. McDowell, of Keokuk, as Colonel; Markoe Cummins, of Muscatine, as Lieut.- Colonel; John M. Corse, of Burlington, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States, Julj' 6, 1861, at Burlington. Company A was from Linn County; Company B, from Lucas and Clarke Counties; Company C, from Ilardin County; Company D, from Appanoose County; Company E, from Monroe County; Companj' F, from Clarke County; Company G, from Johnson County; Company H, from Lee County; Company I, from Des Moines County; and Company K, from Henry County. It was engaged at Shiloh, Mission Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty, Ken HISTOKV OF IOWA. 181 esaw Mountain, Jackson, Black River Bridge, Jones' Ford, in Sher- man's march, tlien returned through the Caroiinas. Tiie regiment served with distinction at the sieire of Jackson, winning liigh praise from General Smith, commanding. It marched tlirough most of the Southern States, thousands of miles, and bore its share of fatigue with unflinching devotion to duty. The total number of officers and men in the regiment was 1,013, of whom 109 were killed, 157 died, 265 were discharged, 355 were wounded, 3 were missing and S were transferred. The Seventh Infantky was organized with J. G. Lauman, of Burlington, as Colonel; Augustus Wentz, of Daveiiport, as Lieut. - Colonel; E. M. Eice, of Oskaloosa, as Major; and was mustered into the United States service at Burlington, July 24, 1861. Company A was from Muscatine County; Company B was from Chickasaw and Floyd Counties; Company C was from Mahaska County; Com- panies D and E, from Lee Co. ; Company F, from Wapello County; Company G, from Iowa County; Company II, from Washington County; Company I, from Wapello County; and Company K, from Keokuk. The regiment was engaged in the battles of Belmont, Fort Ilenry, Fort Donelson, Shiloli, siege of Corinth, Corinth, Home Cross Roads, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big Sl^mty, Kene- saw Mountain, Nickajack Creek, siege of Atlanta, July 22d in front of Atlanta, Sherman's campaign to the ocean, through the Carolinas to Richmond, and thence to Louisville. Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1865. The battle in which the Seventh did the most service was that of Belmont, in which it lost 227 in killed, woxinded and missing. Tlie regiment by four years of faithful service earned as honorable a name as can be found any- where in the annals of our volunteer soldiery. The Seventh con- tained altogether 1,138 officers and meu; and of these during the war 98 were killed, 178 died, 291 were discharged, 354 were wounded, and 29 were transferred. The Ekjhth Infantry was organized with Frederick Steele, of the regular arm}', as Colonel; James L. Geddcs, of Vinton, as Lieutenant-Colonel; J. C. Ferguson, of Kno.xville, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States Sept. 12, 1861, at Davenport, Iowa. Company A was from Clinton County; Com- pany B, from Scott County; Company C, from Washington County; Company D, from Benton and Linn Counties; Company E, from Marion County; Company F, from Keokuk County; Company Gi from Iowa and Johnson Counties; Company II, from Mahaska 182 HISTORY OF IOWA. County; Company I, from Monroe County, and Company K from Louisa County. The regiment was engaged in the following battles : Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Jackson and Spanish Fort. AVas mustered out at Selma, Ala., April 20, 1866. The Eighth fought nobly at Shiloh for 10 hours, but was finally forced to sur- render. Most of the command then suffered in rebel prisons for eight months, when they were paroled or released. A portion of the regiment was not surrendered, and it went into the famous " Union Brigade." The regiment was re-organized in 1863, and performed faithful service until mustered out in 1866. It was on duty in Alabama nearly a year after the collapse of the Rebellion, and by the " Campaign of Mobile," earned as warm a reception as Iowa gave to any of her returning heroes. Of 1,027 officers and men, 5'6 were killed, 187 died, 314 were discharged, 228 were wounded, 8 were missing, 394 were captured, and 38 were trans- ferred. The Ninth Infantet was organized with Wm. Vandever, of Dubuque, as Colonel; Frank G. Ilerron, of Dubuque, as Lieutenant- Colonel; Wm. H. Coyle, of Decorah, as Major. Company A was from Jackson County; Companies B and D, from Jones County; Company C, from Buchanan Coimty; Company E, from Claj'ton County; Company F, from Fayette County; Company G, from Black Hawk County; Company H, from Winneshiek County; Company I, from Howard County; and Company K from Linn County. The regiment was in the following engagements: Pea Ridge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, Ring, gold, Dallas and Lookout Mountain. It also participated in the Atlanta campaign, Sherman's march to the sea, and the retu-rn home through North and South Carolina to Richmond. Was mustered out at Louisville, July 18, 1865. The Ninth Iowa was recruited and organized by its first colonel, Wm. Vandever, who was, in 1862, made a brigadier-general. The regiment performed most brilliant service during the whole war, and took a prominent part in the battle of Pea Ridge. It had marched more than 4,000 miles, been transported by mail and steamer more than 6,000, and traversed every State claimed by the Confederacy except Florida and Texas. The regiment brought home four flags, of which two were deposited with the adjutant-general, one given to the State Historical Society, and one was kept by the regimental association, formed by them on being mustered out. Of 1,090 men and officers, 84 were killed, 275 died, 274 were discharged, 385 were wounded, 1 was missing, 32 were captured, and 30 were transferred. HISTOKY OF IOWA. 183 The Te.ntu Infantry was organized with Nicholas Perezel, of Davenport, as Colonel; W. E. Small, of Iowa Citv, as Lieutenant- Colonel; John C. Bennett, of Polk County, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at Iowa City, Sept. 0, ISfil. Company A was from Polk County; Company B, from "Warren County; Company C, from Tama County; Company D, from Boone County; Company E. from Washington County; Com- pany F, from Poweshiek County, Company G, from Warren County, Company H, from Greene County; Company I, from Jasper County; Company K, from Polk and Madison Counties. The regiment participated in the following engagements: Siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Vicks- burg and Mission Ridge. Was mustered out Aug. 15, 1865. The bloodiest battle in which the Tenth took a prominent part was that of Champion Hills, in which it lost half its number in killed, wounded and missing. Many regiments on coming home gave to the State banners with the names on them of the principal battles in which they had been engaged. The Tenth gave up its colors with the simple inscription, "Tenth Iowa Veteran Volun- teers;" and when a visitor to the State Department looks at tliis banner, torn and bloody with four years of hard service, he will think that " Tenth Iowa Veteran Volunteers "' is as proud an in- scription as flag ever unfurled to the bieeze of heaven. Of 1,027 officers and men, 63 were killed, 170 died, 2d6 were discharged, 277 were wounded, 17 were captured, and 49 were transferred. The Eleventh Infantry was organized with A. M. Hare, of Muscatine, as Colonel; John C. Abercrombie, as Lieut. -Colonel; Wm. Hall, of Davenport, as Major; and was mustered into the ser- vice of the United States at Davenport in September and October, 1861. Company A was from Muscatine; Company B, from Mar- shall and Hardin Counties; Company C, from Louisa County; Companies D, H and I, from Muscatine County; Company E, from Cedar County; Company F, from Washington County; Com- pany G, from Henry County; and Company K, from Linn County. The regiment was engaged in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Corinth. Vicksburg, Atlanta campaign, and battle of Atlanta. Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 15, 1865. No regiment did better service in the war, and no regiment met with a heartier welcome on its return home. Of 1,022 men, 58 were killed, 178 died, 158 were discharged, 23i were wounded, 4 were missing, 63 were captured and 42 were transferred. 184 HISTORY OF IOWA. The Twelfth Infantry was recruited soon after the disaster at Bull Run, under a proclamation by President Lincoln calling for more volunteers. It was organized with J. J. Wood, of Maquoketa, as Colonel ; John P. Coulter, of Cedar Rapids, as Lieut. -Colonel; ^amuel D. Brodtbeck, of Dubuque, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States in October and November, 1861, the last company Nov. 25. Company A was from Hardin County; Company B, from Allamakee County; Company C, from Fayette County; Company D, from Linn County; Company E, from Black Hawk County; Company F, from Delaware Count}'; Company G, from Winneshiek County; Company H, from Du- buque and Delaware Counties; Company I, from Dubuque and Jackson Counties; and Company K, from Delaware County. The regiment was engaged at Shiloh, Fort Donelson, siege of Vicks- burg, Tupelo, Mississippi, White River, Nashville and Spanish Fort. Was mustered out at Memphis, Jan. 20, ISCG. In the bat- tle of Shiloh the Twelfth fought gallantly all day in company with the Eighth and Fourteenth, and at sunset surrendeiod. They endured a loathsome captivity in rebel prisons for eight months, when they were exchanged, and the regiment was re-organized. A few who were not captured at Shiloh performed active service in the " Union Brigade " during these eight months. The newly equipped regiment immediately joined the army before Vicksburg, and served actively the rest of the war. When the regiment veter- anized, Jan. 4, 1864, a larger proportion of men re-enlisted than in an}' other regiment from Iowa. The following spring the regi- ment was home for a few weeks on veteran furlougii. After Lee's surrender the regiment was continued in the service in Alabama, on guard and garrison duty for several months. Of 981 officers and men, 33 were killed, 285 died, 258 were discharged, 222 were wounded, 404 were captured, and 23 were transferred. The TniRTEENTH Infantry was organized with M. M. Crocker of Des Moines, as Colonel; M. M. Price, of Davenport, Lieut. -Colonel; John Shane, of Vinton, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States Nov. 1, 1861. Company A was from Mt. Vernon; Company B, from Jasper Coimty; Company C, from Lucas County; Company D, from Keokuk County; Company E, from Scott County; Company F, from Scott and Linn Counties; Company G, from Benton County; Company H, from Marshall County; and Companies I and K, from Washington County. The regiment was in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, Ken- HISTORV OF lOSVA. 185 esawilnnntain, siege of Vicksburg, campaign against Atlanta, Sher- man's marcli to the sea, and through the Carolinas home. Was mustered out at Louisville, July 21, 1865. This regiment was es- pecially fortunate in having sucli a commander as Colonel Crocker. The men at lirst objected to drilling tive or six hours every da}', and other severe discipline, but afterward, in the battle of Siiiloli and elsewliere, they had ample reason to be grateful for their drill under Col. Crocker. The Thirteentli did noble service in many important aflairs of the war, and had the honor of being the first Union troops to enter Columbia, S. C, where the secession move- ment first began. Of a total of 9S9 officers and men, 68 were killed, 224 died, 270 were discharged, .313 were wounded, 6 were missing, 88 were captured, and 34 were transferred. The FouKTEKXTii Infantry was organized in the fall of 1861, under the call of Oct. 3. Before the regiment was organized, the first three companies raised, A, B and C, were ordered on garrison duty at Fort Randall, Dakota Territory, and remained ever after- ward detaclied from the regiment. So that although in form they were a part of the Fourteenth Iowa for some time, they were never under its commanding officer. Afterward, these companies for a time were called tlie First Battalion of the 41st Infantry; but this regiment never being organized, tliey finally were attached to a cav- alry regiment. The Fourteenth therelore had at first but seven com- panies. In June, 1863, the number of comi^anies was raised to 10, and thus constituted for the first time a full regiment. The regi- ment was first organized with Wm. T. Sliaw, of Anamosa, as Colonel; Edward W. Lucas, of Iowa City, as Lieut.-Colonel; Hiram Leonard, of Des Moines County, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at Davenport, in October, 1861. Company A was from Scott County ; Com])any B, from Bremer and Chickasaw Counties; Company C, from Bremer, Butler and Floyd Counties; Company D, from Henry and Van Buren Counties; Com- pany E, from Jasper County; Company F, from Van Buren and Henry Counties; Company G. from Tama and Scott Counties; Com- pany H, from Linn County; Company I, livini Henry Count}'; and Company K, from Des Jloines County. The regiment was in tlie battle of Fort Donelson, Sliiloh, Corinth, Pleasant Hill, Meridian, Ft. De Russey, Tujielo, Town Creek, Tallahatcliie, Pilot Knob, Old Town, Yellow Bayou, and others. Was mustered out, cxcej)! veterans and recruits, at Davenport, Nov. 16. 1864. The regiment was nearly all captured at the battle of Siiiloh, but was after a few 186 HISTORY OF IOWA. months exchanged and reorganized. The Fourteenth did some of the hardest fighting tliat was done in the war. Of 840 officers and men, 31 were killed, 148 died, 191 were discharged, 168 were wounded, 1 was missing, 269 were captured, and 23 were trans- ferred. The Fifteenth Infantry was organized in the winter of 1861-'2, with Hugh T. Eeid, of Keokuk, as Colonel; Wm. Dewey, of Fre- mont County, as Lieut. -Colonel; W. "W. Belknap, of Keokuk, as- Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at Keokuk, March 19, 1862. Company A was from Linn County; Comjiany B, from Polk County; Company C, from Mahaska County; Company D, from "Wapello County; Company E, from Van Buren County; Company F, from Fremont and Mills Counties; Company G, from Marion and Warren Counties; Company H, from Pottawattamie and Harrison Counties; Company I, from Lee, Van Buren and Clarke Counties; and Company K, from "Wapello, Van Buren and "Warren Counties. The regiment participated in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Corinth, Vicksburg, campaign against Atlanta, battle in front of Atlanta, in Sherman's march to the sea, and through the Carolinas to Richmond, "Wash- ington and Louisville, where it was mustered out, Aug. 1, 1864. The regiment was most actively engaged at the siege of Atlanta, where it was under fire from the rebels for 81 days. The gallant Fifteenth will long be honored bj' the grateful people of Iowa, for its faithful service of three years and a half in the heart of the Re- bellion. Of 1,196 men, 58 were killed, 277 died, 306 were dis- charged, 416 were wounded, 7 were missing, 83 were captured, and 27 were transferred. The Sixteenth Infantry was organized under the first call of 1861, and was at that time supposed to be the last Iowa would be called upon to furnish. But the war was only begun, and Iowa was destined to furnish more troops after the Sixteenth than before. As organized, the Sixteenth had Alexander Chambers (formerly Captain in the regular army') for Colonel; A. H. Sanders, of Dav- en]iort, for Lieut.-Colonel; and "Wm. Purcell, of Muscatine, for Major. It was mustered into the service of the United States at Davenport, Dec. 10, 1861. Company A was from Clinton County; Company B, from Scott County; Company C and E, from Musca- tine County; Company D, from Boone County; Company F,-from Muscatine. Clinton, and Scott Counties; Company G, from Du- buque County; Company H, from Dubuque and Clayton Counties; UISTORY OF IOWA. 187 Company I, from Black Hawk and Linn Counties; and Company K, from Lee and Muscatine Counties. Tlie Si.\teentli was in the battles of Shiloli, sie^e of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Kenesaw Mount- ain, Nickajack Creek, and the various battles around Atlanta; in Sherman's campaigns, and those in the Carolinas. Its first battle was the bloodiest of the war — Shiloh ; and that thcj- behaved so well under their first fire, showed that they were good men. After the battle of Shiloh, the " Iowa Brigade " was formed, of which the Sixteenth ever after formed a part. This " Iowa Brigade " was most highly praised by the Inspector General of the Seventeenth Army Corps, who declared in his official report that he had never seen a finer looking body of men, in any respect. In the battle before Atlanta, the greater part of the regiment was captured, and re- mained in cai)tivity two months. The Sixteenth was mustered out July 19, 1865, at Louisville. Of its 919 officers and men, 62 were killed, 255 died, 211 were discharged, 311 were wounded, 14 were missing, 257 were captured, and 29 were transferred. Tiie Seven'tkexth Infantry was raised during the spring of 1862, and organized with Jolin "W. Rankin, of Keokuk, as Colonel; D. B. Hillis, of Keokuk, as Lieut. -Colonel, and Samuel M. Wise, of Mt. Pleasant, as Major. It was mustered into the service of tlie United States at Keokuk, April 16, 1862. Comjjany A was from Decatur County; Company B, from Lee County; Company C, from Van Buren, "Wapello, and Lee Counties; Company D. from Des Moines, Van Buren, and Jefterson Counties; Company E, from Wapello County; Company F, from Appanoose County; Company G, from Marion County; Company H, from Marion and Pottawat- tamie Counties; Company I, from Jefierson and Lee Counties; and Company K, from Lee and Polk Counties. The Seventeenth was in the siege of Corinth, the battles of Tuka, Corintli, Jackson, Champion Hills, Fort Hill, siege of Vicksburg, Mission Ridge, and Tilton, Ga., where most of the regiment were made prisoners of war. Oct. 13, 1864. The regiment won special commendation at the battle of Corinth. Of its 956 members, 45 were killed, 121 died, 222 were discharged, 245 were wounded, 8 were missing, 278 were ca))tured, and 28 were transferred. The EiGHTEEXTH Infantry, as well as the Seventeenth, was not recruited in response to any call of the President, but was a free gift from the people of Iowa. It was raised in the early summer of 1862, and was mustered into the service of the United States at Clinton, Aug. 6, 6, and 7, 1862, with John Edwards, of 188 HISTORY OF IOWA. Chariton, as Colonel; T. Z. Cook, of Cedar Rapids, as Lieut. -Col- onel; Hugh J. Campbell, of Muscatine, as Major. Company A was from Linn and other counties; Company B, from Clarke County; Company C, from Lucas County; Company D, from Keokuk and Wapello Counties; Company E, from Muscatine County; Company F, from Apjianoose County; Company G, from Marion and Warren Counties; Company H, from Fayette and Benton Counties; Com- pany I, from Washington County; and Company K, from Wap- ello, Muscatine, and Hour}' Counties. ■ It was engaged in the bat- tles of Springfield, Moscow, Poison Sjjring, Ark., and others. Much of its time was spent in garrison duty, west of the Mississippi, and therefore it did not share in the brilliant honors of the great battles east of that river. Had opportunity offered, no doubt they would have assaulted Vicksburg, or fought above the clouds on Lookout Mountain, as bravely as any troops in the Union. It was mustered out July 20, 1865, at Little Rock, Arkansas. Of 875 offi- cers and men, 28 were killed, 122 died, 233 were discliarged, 79 were wounded, 63 were captured, and 15 were transferred. The Nineteenth Infantry was the first regiment organized under President Lincoln's call of July 2, 1862, made wlien the cause of the Union looked most gloomy. It was mustered into the United States service Aug. 17, 1862, at Keokuk, with Benjamin Crabb, of Washington, as Colonel; Samuel McFarland, of Mt. Pleasant, as Lieut. -Colonel; and Daniel Kent, of Ohio, Major. Company A was from Lee and Van Buren Counties; Company B, from Jeffer- son County; Company C, from Washington County; Company D, from Jefferson County; Company E, from Lee County; Companies F and G, from Louisa County; Com]ianies H and I, from Van Bu- ren County; and Company K, from Henry County. The regiment served faithfully at Prairie Grove, Vicksburg; in the Yazoo River expedition, at Sterling Farm, and at Spanish Fort. At Sterling Farm, Sept. 29, 1863, most of the regiment surrendered, after a hard fight. They were exchanged July 22d, of the following year, when they rejoined their regiment at New Orleans. The Nineteenth was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 18, 1865. Of 985 men and officers, 58 were killed, 133 died, 191 were dis- charged, 198 were wounded, 216 were captured, and 4:3 were transferred. The Twentieth Infantry was the second of the 22 regiments raised in Iowa under the call of July 2, 1862. The regiment was raised within two counties, Linn and Scott, each of which contrib- HISTORY OF IOWA. 189 uted five companies, and which vied with each other in patriotism. Win. Mc E. T>yc, of Marion, Linn County, was commissioned Colonel; J. B. Leek, of Davenport, Lieut.-Colonel; and AVm. G. Thompson, of Marion, Major. The muster-in took place at Clinton, August 25, 1S62. Companies A, B, F, TI and I were from Linn County; and Companies C, D, E and K, from Scott County. The Twentieth fought at Prairie Grove and at Fort Blakely. Though not engaged in promine"it battles, it performed valuable garrison duties on the southern coast. It was on Mustang Island, off the coast of Te.\as, seven months. Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 8, 1865, and on its return liome received a royal welcome from Iowa's citizens. Of 925 officers and men in the Twentieth, 9 were killed, 1-14 died, 166 were discharged, 52 were wounded, 13 were captured and 39 were transferred. The Twenty- First Infantry was raised in August, 1862, with Samuel Merrill (ex-Governor of Iowa) as Colonel; Cornelius W. Dunlap, of Mitchell, as Lieut.-Colonel; S. F. Van Anda, of Delhi, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States, Aug. 18, 20, 22 and 23, except one company, which had been mus- tered in June. Company A was from Mitchell and Black Hawk Counties; Companies B, D and G, from Clayton County; Companies C, E, F and I, from Dubuque Cjunty; and Companies II and K, from Delaware County. The Twenty-First was engaged at Ilarts- ville. Mo., Black Iliver Bridge, Fort Beauregard, siege of Vicks- burg, and battles of Mobile and Fort Blakely. For nearly a year, the regiment served in Missouri, where it distinguished itself by the well fought battle of Ilartsville. Then it fought in Mississippi, in Louisiana, in Texas, in Louisiana again, in Arkansas, in Tennessee, in Louisiana once more, and in Alabama. In the battle of Fort Gibson, this and several other Iowa regiments were prominent. The Twenty-first was mustered out at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, July 15, 1865. Of its 980 officers and men, 39 were killed, 192 died, 159 were discharged, 161 were wounded, 2 were missing, 21 were cjipturi'd, and 56 were transferred. The Twenty-Second Infantry was organized in August, 1862, with Wm. M. Stone, of Knoxville (formerly Major of the Third Infantry and since Governor of Iowa) as Colonel; John A. Garrett, of Newton, as Lieut.-Colonel; Harvey Graham, of Iowa City, as Major; and was mustered into the United States service at Iowa City, Sept. 10, 1&62. Most of the regiment— sevt;n companies — 190 HISTOKT OF IOWA. were recruited from the one county of Johnsou. Companies A, B, F, G, H, I and K were from Johnson County; Company C was from Jasper County; Company D, from Monroe County; and Com- pany E, from "Wapello County. The Twenty-second served in many of the Southern States, and was engaged at Vieksburg, Thompson's Hill, Champion Hills, in Sherman's campaign to Jackson, at Win- chester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. The regiment particularly distinguished itself in an assault upon the enemy's works at Vicks- burg, and in the battle of Winchester, in the Shenandoah Valley, where it lost 109 men. In the Vicksburg assault, the regiment lost 164. Gen. Grant says iu that assault, only Sergeant Griffith and 11 privates (of the Twenty-second) succeeded in entering the fort. Of these only the sergeant and one man returned. Altogether there were 30 Iowa regiments concerned in the siege of Vicksburg. The regiment was mustered out at Savannah, Ga. , July 25, 1865. Of 1,008 members, 58 were killed, 1B2 died, 161 were discharged, 267 were wounded, 8i were captured and 42 were transferred. The Twenty-Third Infantey was organized with Wm. Dewey, of Fremont County, as Colonel; W. H. Kinsman, of Council BluflFs, as Lient.-Colonel ; S. L.Glasgow, of Corydon, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at Des Moines, Sept. 19, 1862. Companies A, B and C were from Polk County; Company D, from Wayne County; Company E, from Pottawattamie County; Company F, from Montgomery County; Company G, from Jasper County; Company H, from Madison County; Company I, from Cass County; and Company K, from Marshall County. The regi- ment was engaged at Vicksburg, Port Gibson, Black River, Cham- pion Hills, Vicksburg, Jackson, Milliken's Bend and Fort Blakely. The Twenty-third are the acknowledged heroes of the battle of Black River Bridge, and the equal sharers with other troops of the honors of many battle-fields. At Black River but a few minutes were used in assaulting and carrying the rebel works, but those few minutes were fought with fearful loss to the Twenty-third Iowa. After the successful fight, in which the Twenty-first Iowa also took part. Gen. Lawler passed down the line and seized every man by the hand, so great was his emotion. Gen. Grant called it a brilliant and daring movement. The regiment also distin- guished itself greatly at Milliken's Bend. It was mustered out at Harrisburg, Te.xas, July 26, 1865. Of its 961 officers and men, 41 were killed, 233 died, 181 were discharged, 135 were wounded, 3 were captured and 42 were transferred. HISTOEY OF IOWA. 191 The TwKNTT-FoirRTH Infantky, called '• The Iowa Temperance Kegiiueiit," was raised by Eber C. Byam, of Linn County, and consisted of men who were pledged to abstain from the use of liquor in any shape. Eber C. Byam, of Mt. Vernon, was Colonel; John Q. Wilds, of Mt. Vernon, Licnt.-Colonel; Ed. Wright, of Spring- dale, as Major; and the regiment was mustered into the service of the United States at Muscatine, Sept. 18, 1862. C-mpany A was from Jackson and Cliiit.)ii counties; Company B and C. from Cedar County; Company D, from Washington, Johnson and Cedar Counties; Company E, from Tama County; Companies F, G and H, from Linn County; Compan}- L from Jackson County; and Company K, from Jones County. The regiment was engaged at Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Gen. Banks' Red River expedition, Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. The two battles in which tlie Twenty -fourth took the most prominent part were those of Sabine Cross Roads (in the Red River expedition) and Fisher's Hill. Of 979 men and officers, 56 were killed, 259 died, 205 were discharged, 260 were wounded, 2 were missing, 76 were cap- tured and 55 were transferred. The TwEXTY-FiFTH Infantry was organized near the beautiful little city of Mt. Pleasant, with Geoi-ge A. Stone, of Mt. Pleasant, as Colonel; Fabian Brydolph as Lieut. -Colonel; and Calom Taylor, of Bloom field, as Major. Was mustered into the United States ser- vice at Mt. Pleasant, Sept. 27, 1862. Companies A and I were from Washington County; Companies B and II, from Henry County; Company C, from Henry and Lee Counties; Companies D, E and G, from Des Moines County; Couipany F, from Louisa County; and Company K, from Des Moines and Lee Counties. The regi- ment was engaged at Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Walnut Bluff, Chattanooga, Campain, Ringgold, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mount- tain, battles around Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Jonesboro, Ship's Gap, Bentonvillc, and was with Sherman on his march through Georgia and the Carolinas, to Richmond and Washington. The capture of Columbia, the capital of the chief disloyal State, was effected by Iowa troops, among which were those of the Twenty- fifth. The regiment was mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865. Of 995 men and officers, 39 were killed, 223 died, 140 were discharged, 183 were wounded, i were missing, IS were captured and 71 were transferred. The Twi.NTv-SiXTu Ln-fantky was organized near the beautiful city of Clinton, and the companies were mostly enrolled in Clin- ton. Milo Smith, of Clinton, was Colonel; S. G. Magill, of 192 HISTOEY OF IOWA. Lyons, was Lieut.-Colonel; Samuel Clark, of De Witt, was Major; and the regiment was mustered in at Clinton, in August of 1862. Company A was from Clinton and Jackson Counties; Company B, from Jackson County; and Companies C, D, E, F, G, II, I and K, from Clinton County. The regiment was engaged at Arkansas Post,Vickbbiirg, Snake Creek Gap, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Decatur, siege of Atlanta, Ezra Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Ship's Gap, in Sherman's campaign to Savannah and home through the Carolinas. The regiment took part in many great battles, and did faithful service all through tlie war, after winning commendations from its generals. On the return home, the regimental flag was deposited with the State archives, inscribed in golden colors with the names of tlie battles and victories in which they had shared. It was mustered out of the service at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865. Of 919 men and officers, 44 were killed, 244 died, 147 were discharged, 165 were wounded, 27 were captured and 70 were transferred. The Twenty-Seventh Infantky was recruited in the northern part of Iowa, and was organized with James I. Gilbert, of Lansing, as Colonel; Jed. Lake, of Independence, as Lieut.-Colonel; and G. W. Howard, of Bradford, as Major. It was mustered into the service of the United States at Dubuque, Oct. 3, 1862. Companies A, B and I were from Allamakee County; Companies C and H, from Buchanan County; Companies D and E, from Clayton County; Company F, from Delaware County; Company G, from Floyd and Chickasaw Counties; and Company K, from Mitchell County. The Twenty-seventh was engaged at Little Rock, Ark., the battles of the Lied River expedition, Fort De Russey, Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Old Town Creek and Fort Blakely. This regiment had varied experience in the matter of climate; for their first active service was in Minnesota, while before the war was over they made a voyage on the gulf, from the Balize to Mo- bile Bay. After faithful service through the rest of the war, the regiment was mustered out Aug. 8, 1865, at Clinton, Iowa. Of 940 officers and men, 9 were killed, 183 died, 207 were dis- charged, 142 were wounded, 6 were missing, 32 were captured and 47 were transferred. The Twenty-Eighth Infantry was organized during the autumn of 1862, with the following officers: Wm. E. Miller, of Iowa City, Colonel; John Connell, of Toledo, Lieut.-Colonel; and H. B. Lynch, of Millersburg, as Major. Companies A and D were from HISTORY OF IOWA. 193 Benton County; Companies Band G, from Iowa County; Com- panies C, H and I, from Poweshiek County; Company E, from Johnson County; Company F, from Tama County, and Company K, from Jasper County. The regiment was engaged at Port Gib- son, Jackson and siege of Vicksburg; was in Banks' Red River ex- pedition, and fought at Sabine Cross Roads, in the Shenandoah Valley, at Wincliester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. In this last the regiment was most prominently engaged. During its service it fought a dozen battles, and traveled well-nigh the entire circuit of the Confederacy. The Twenty-eighth was mustered out of ser- vice at Sas-annah, Ga., July 31, 1865. Of its 956 officers and men, 56 were killed, 111 died, 1S7 were discharged, 262 were wounded, 10 were missing, 93 were captured and 44 were transferred. The TwENiT-NiNTH Infantry was organized at Council Bluffs, and mustered into the service of the United States, Dec. 1, 1S62, with Thos. H. Benton, Jr., of Council Bluffs, as Colonel; R. F. Pat- terson, of Keokuk, asLieut.-Colonel; and Charles B. Shoemaker, of Clarinda, as Major. Company A was from Pottawattamie County; Company B, from Mills County; Company C, from Harrison County; Company D, from Adams and Adair Counties; Company E, from Tremont County; Company F, from Taylor County; Company G, from Ringgold County; Company H, from Union County; Company I, from Guthrie County, and Company K, from all the counties named above. The Twenty-Ninth was engaged at Helena, Arkansas Post, Terre Noir, and Spanish Fort. Though it was one of the best disciplined and bravest regiments in the war, it was long kept from participation in active service by being sta- tioned in Arkansas. The regiment was mustered out at New Orleans, Aug. 15, 1865. Of a total of 1,005 officers and men, 21 were killed, 268 died, 132 were discharged, 107 were wounded, 1 was missing, 55 were caj)tured and 37 were transferred. The Thietieth Infantky was organized in the summer of 1862, with Charles B. Abbott, of Louisa County, as Colonel; Wm. M. G. Torrence, of Kcoknk, as Lieut.-Colonel; Lauren Dewey, of Mt. Pleasant, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at Keokuk, Sept. 23, 1862. Companies A and I were from Lee County; Company B, from Davis County; Com- pany C, from Des Moines County; Company D, from Van Buren County; Companies E and K, from Washington County; Company F, from Davis County; and Companies G and H, from Jefferson County. The regiment was engaged at Arkansas Post, Tazoo 12 194 HISTOKY OF IOWA. Cit^', Vicksburg, Cherokee, Ala., Chattanooga, Ringgold, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Jonesboro and Taylor's Ridge; accompanied Sherman in his campaign to Savan- nah and through the Carolinas to Richmond, and was in the grand review at "Washington, D. C. The Thirtieth was in the thickest of the war, and came home loaded with honors, leaving its honored dead on a score of battle-fields. It was mustered out June 5, 1865. Of 978 officers and men in this regiment, 44 were killed, 264 died, 145 were discharged, 222 wei-e wounded, 2 were missing, 19 were captured and 48 were transferred. The Thiety-First Infantry was organized in the summer of 1862, with AVilliam Smyth, of Marion, as Colonel; J. W. Jenkins, of Maquoketa, as Lieut.-Colonel; and Ezekiel Cutler, of Auamosa, as Major; it was mustered into the service of the United States at Davenport, Oct. J 3, 1862. Company A was from Linn County; Companies B, C and D, from Black Hawk County; Companies E, G and H, from Jones County; and Companies F, I and K, from Jackson County. The Thirty-first was engaged at Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Raymond, Jackson, Black River, Vicksburg, Cherokee, Lookout Mountain. Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Taylor's Hills, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta and Jonesboro; was in Sher- man's campaign through Georgia and the Carolinas, and was mus- tered out at Louisville, Ky., June 27, 1865. The regiment always did its part nobly. It was received home with speeches, feasting, etc., but the people's joy was tempered with sadness, as the regiment had gone forth 1,000 strong, and returned with 370. But had not so many regiments returned with thinned ranks, the Rebell- ion had not been conquered — the Union had not been saved. Of 977 officers and men, 13 were killed, 279 died, 176 were discharged, 85 were wounded, 13 were captured and 72 were transferred. The Thirty-Second Ikfantky was organized in the fall of 1862, with John Scott, of Nevada, as Colonel; E. H. Mix, of Shell Rock, as Lieut.-Colonel; and G. A. Eberhart, of AVaterloo, as Major. The regiment was mustered into the service of the United States at Dubuque, Oct. 5, 1S62. Company A was from Hamilton, Hardin and Wright Counties; Company B, from Cerro Gordo County; Com- pany C, from Black Hawk County; Company D, from Boone County; Company E, from Butler County; Company F, from Har- din County; Company G, from Butler and Floyd Counties; Com- pany H, from Franklin County; Company I, from Webster County; HISTORY OF IOWA. 195 and Company Tv, from Marshall and Polk Counties. The regiment was engaged at Fort De Rnssey, Pleasant Hill, Tupelo, Old Town Creek, Nashville, and other battles. For some time the regiment was separated, and the detachments in different fields, but at last thev were all united, and the regiment served as a unit. It was mustered out at Clinton, Iowa, Aug. 21, 1865. Of 925 officers and men, 59 were killed, 212 died, 171 were discharged, 142 were wounded, 9S were captured and 35 were transferred. The TniKTY-TinKD Infantry was organized in the fall of 1862, with Samuel A. Eice, a popular politician of Central Iowa, as Colonel; Cyrus H. Maskey, of Sigourncy, as Lieut.-Colonel; Hiram D. Gib- son, of Knoxville, as Major, and was mustered into the service of the United States at Oskaloosa, Oct. 1, 1862. Companies A and I were from Marion County; Companies B, F and H, from Keokuk County; Companies C,D, Eand K, from Mahaska County, and Company G, from Marion, Mahaska and Polk Counties. The regiment was engaged at Little Rock, Helena, Saline River, Spanish Fort and Yazoo Pass. The regiment worked to best advantage at the brilliant victory of Helena. It remained in Arkansas till the early part of 1865, when it moved south to take part in the closing scenes in Alabama. The Thirty-third was mustered out of service at New Orleans, July 17, 1865. Of 985 men and officers, 26 were killed, 211 died, 115 were discharged, 177 were wounded, 7 were missing, 71 were captured and 32 were transferred. The Thirty-Fourth Infantry was organized in the fall of 1862, with George \V. Clark, of Indianola, as Colonel ; W. S. Dungan, of Chariton, as Lieut.-Colonel ; R. D. Kellogg, of Decatur, as Major; and was mustered into the service of the United States at Burlington, Oct. 15,1862. Companies A and I were from Decatur County; Companies B, C, and D, from AYarren County; Company E, from Lucas County; Company F, from Wayne County; Com- pany G, from Lucas and Clarke Counties; Company H, from Madison and Warren Counties; and Company K, from Lucas County. The regiment was engaged at Arkansas Post, Fort Gaines and other places in Te.xas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. Jan. 1, 1865, the regiment was consolidated with the Thirty-eighth- Recruits from the Twenty-first and Twenty-third had been on the muster-out of those regiments, transferred to the Thirty-fourth, and this regiment had a total of 1,131 officers and men at its muster-out at Houston, Texas, Aug. 15, 1865. Of 953 properly belonging to 196 HISTOEY OF IOWA. this regiment, 4 were killed, SS-t died, 314 were discharged, 16 were wounded, 4 were captured and 22 were transferred. The regiment traveled over 15,000 miles in its service. The Thiett- Fifth Infantry was recruited in the summer of 1S62, and mustered into the service of the United States at Muscatine, Sept. 18, with S. G. Hill, of Muscatine, as Colonel; James S. Rothrock, of Muscatine, as Lieut.-Colonel; and Ilenrj O'Conner, of Muscatine, as Major. Companies A, B, C, D and E were from Muscatine County; Company F, from Muscatine and Louisa Counties; Companies G, H and I, from Muscatine and Cedar Counties; and Company K, from Cedar County. The regiment participated in the battles of Jackson, siege of Yicksburg, Bayou Rapids, Bayou de Glaze, Pleasant Hill, Old River Lake, Tupelo, Nashville and the Mobile campaign. The Thirty-fifth served bravely in a dozen battles, and traveled 10,000 miles. Quits return home, it was greeted with a most hearty reception, and a re-union of old soldiers. The regiment was mustered out at Davenport, Aug. 10, 1865, and paid and disbanded at Muscatine six days later. Of 984 officers and men, 38 were killed, 208 died, 192 were dis- charged, 95 were wounded, 3 were missing, 15 were captured and 65 were transferred. The Thirty-Sixth Infantry was organized in the summer of 1862, with Charles W. Kittredge, of Ottumwa, as Colonel; F. M. Drake, of Unionville, Appanoose County, as Lieut.-Colonel; and T. C. "Woodward, of Ottumwa, as Major. The regiment was mustered into the service of the United States, at Keokuk, Oct. 4, 1862. Company A was from Monroe County; Companies B, D, E, H and K, from Wapello County; and Companies 0, F, G and I, from Appanoose County. The Thirt^'-sixth was engaged at Mark's Mill's, Ark., Elkins' Ford, Camden, Helena, Jenkins' Ferry and other places during the "Little Rock expedition." The regiment suffered greatly from sickness. Before it was fully organized, even, small-pox and measels attacked the men, and the command lost a hundred men. Then it was obliged to encounter the malarial influences of Yazoo River and Helena. Before they recovered their vigor fully, more of them were forced to surrender to the rebels. The regiment was mustered out at Duvall's Bluff, Ark., Aug. 24, 1865. Of 986 officers and men, 35 were killed, 258 died, 191 were discharged, 146 were wounded, 460 were captured and 24 were transferred. HISTORY OF IOWA. 197 TheThikty-Seventh Infantry was generally known as the "Gray- Beard Regiment." It was composed of men over 45 years of an;e, and hence not snbject to military service; bnt their patriotism in- duced them to enlist, and the services of the rcijiment were ac- cepted by the secretary of war, for post and garrison service. It was organized with Geo. "W. Kincaid, of Muscatine, as Colonel; Geo. R. West, of Dubuque, as Lieut. -Colonel; and Lyman Allen) of Iowa City, as Major. The muster-in took place at Muscatine, Dec. 15, 1S62. Company A was from Black Hawk and Linn Counties; Company B. from Muscatine County; Comj^any C, from Van Buren and Lee Counties; Company D, from Johnson and Iowa Counties; Company E, from Wapello and Mahaska Coun- ties; Company F, from Dubuque County; Company G, from Appanoose, Des Moines, Henry and Washington Counties; Com- pany II. from Henry and Jefferson Counties; Company I, from Jasper, Linn and other counties; and Company K, from Scott and Fayette Counties. The regiment served at St. Louis, in guard of military prisons, tlien on the line of the Pacific Railway, then at Alton, 111. Here they remained guarding rebel prisoners, till January, ISGrt, when they moved to Rock Island, to perform simi- lar duties until June 5. They served the next three months, in very hot weather, at Memphis. Thence the command moved to Indianapolis. From here live companies went to Cincinnati, three to Columbus and two to Gallipolis, Ohio. At these ports they re- mained till May, 1865. This " Gray-Beard Regiment" was the only one of its kind in the war, and it received many favorable ex- pressions from commanding officers under whom it served. It was mustered out May 21:, 1865, the day of the grand review at Washington. The Thirty-seventh was the first Iowa three years' regiment to come home, and was mustered out thus early by espe- cial request of Gen. Willich, in whose brigade they were, in order that they might save their crops — most of them being farmers. Of 914 officers and men, 3 were killed, 145 died, 359 were dis- charged, 2 were wounded; none were missing and none were ca})tured. The Thirty-Eighth Infantry was recruited in August, 1862, and mustered into the service of the United States at Dubuque, Nov. 4, with D. H. Hughes, of Decorah, as Colonel; J. O. Hudmitt, of Waverly, as Lieut. -Colonel; and Charles Chad wick, of West Union, as Major. Companies A, F, G and II were from Fayette County; Company B, from Bremer County; Company C, from Chickasaw 198 HISTORY OF IOWA. County; Companies D, E and K, from "Winneshiek Connty; and Company I, from Howard County. The regiment participated in the siege of Vicksburg and Banks' Red River expedition and was consolidated with the Thirty-fourth Infantry, Jan. 1, 1865. Of all Iowa's regiments, the Thirty-eighth was most unfortunate in regard to sickness. It had not been in the service two years, when more than 300 enlisted men and a number of officers had died of disease. During the same period 100 had been discharged for ina- bility. There were long weary weeks when there were not enough well men to take care of the sick, not even enough to bury the dead. It was at last obliged to give up its own existence. Though the regiment had not had an opportunity to achieve brilliant re- nown in the field, it did fulfill a no less honored destiny than many whose banners were covered with the names of battles. It did all that men could do — it gave itself up for the good of the service. Of its 910 men, 1 was killed, 314 died, 120 were discharged, 2 were wounded and li were transferred. The Thirtt-Ninth Infantry was organized with H. J. B. Cura- mings, of Winterset, as Colonel; James Redfield, of Redfield, Dal- las County, as Lieut. -Colonel; and J. M. Griffiths, of Des Moines, as Major. Companies A and F were from Madison County; Com- panies B and I, from Polk County; Companies C and II, from Dallas County; Company D, from Clarke County; Company E, from Greene Connty; Company G, from Des Moines and Henry Coun- ties; and Company K, from Clarke and Decatur Counties. The regiment was engaged at Parker's Cross Roads, Tenn., Corinth, Allatoona, Ga., Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, and was in Sherman's march to the sea, and through the Carolinas to Rich- mond. The regiment was one of the most distinguished in the field, and met with a most royal welcome from the warm-hearted peopleof Iowa, on its return home. It had previously taken part in the grand review at Washington. It was mustered out at Wash- ington, June 5, 1865, and was disbanded at Clinton, Iowa. Of its 933 officers and men, 41 were killed, 143 died, 123 were dis- charged, 113 were wounded, 206 were captured and 16 were trans- ferred. The Fortieth Infantry was the highest in numerical order of Iowa's three years' regiments, but not the last to leave the State. Three or four other regimental organizations, too, were commenced, but not completed. Some 300 men were enlisted for the Forty- first, who united with the three companies of the Fourteenth, sta- UISTOKY OK IOWA. 199 tioned at Fort Randall, Dakota Territory; another regiment, to be called the Forty-second, was attempted, with camp at Dubuque; and another still, at Ottumwa, was to be called the Forty-third. These attempts were unsuccessful in so far as the complete formation of an infantry regiment after the Fortieth was concerned. The Fortieth was organized at Iowa City, Nov. 15, 1862, with John A. Garrett, of Newton, as Colonel ; S. F. Cooper, of Grinnell, as Lieut.- Colonel; and S. G. Smith,of Newton, as Major. Companies A and H were from Marion County; Company B, from Poweshiek County; Company C, from Mahaska County; Companies D and E, from Jasper County; Company F, from Mahaska and Marion Counties; Company G, from Marion County; Company I, from Keokuk County; and Company K, from Benton and other counties. The regiment participated in the siege of Vicksburg, Steele's e.xpedi- tion. Banks' Red River expedition, and the battle of Jenkins Ferry, It was called the "Copperhead Regiment" by political partisans, but it bore its share of the fatigues of war in a patriotic way that might have been emulated by some of their political enemies. The fact is, moreover, the regiment always gave a small Republican majority, though the contrary was believed for a time. The For- tieth was mustered out at Port Gibson, Aug. 2, 1S65. Of 900 officers and men, 5 were killed, 196 died, 13i were discharged, 43 were wounded, 3 were captured and 26 were transferred. The FoETY- First Infantry was never completed as an infantry regiment. It contained three companies; A, from Black Hawk, Johnson and other counties; B, from Johnson County; and C, from Des Moines and other counties. Its infantry organization was under the command of John Pattee, of Iowa City. Under authority from the war department, these three companies became K, L and M, of the Seventh Cavalry. The FoRTY-FoDjJTH Infantry was raised in the summer of 1864. Generals Grant and Sherman being actively engaged with large armies against the enemy, the governors of the northwestern States proposed to the authorities of the war department to send into the field a considerable number of troops for a short term of service, who might relieve others on guard and garrison duty at the rear, and thus be the means of adding largely to the force of drilled and disciplined men at the front. This proposition was after a time accepted, and the term of service was established at 100 days. Gov. Stone accordingly issued his proclamation calling for Buch troops, and the citizens responded with four regiments 200 HISTOET OF IOWA. and one battalion. Because commissions had been issued to persons designated as officers of the Forty-first, Forty-second and Forty* third Regiments, which were never organized, however, although considerable was done in the way of their formation, the num- ber of the regiments of hundred-days men commenced with Forty- four. This regiment was under the command of Colonel Stephen fl. Henderson, and was mustered in at Davenport, June 1, 1864. Company A was from Dubuque County; Company B, from Mus- catine County; Company C, from Joufes, Linn and Dubuque Coun- ties; Company D, from Johnson and Linn Counties; Company E, from Bremer and Butler Counties; Company F, from Clinton and Jackson Counties; Company Q, from Marshall and Hardin Counties; Company H, from Boone and Polk Counties; and Compa- nies I and K, from Scott County. The regiment did garrison duty at Memphis and La Grange, Tenn., and was mustered out at Daven- port, Sept. 15, 1864. Of 867 officers and men in the Forty-fourth, 1 was killed and 18 died. There were no other casualties. The FoETY-FiFTH iNFAiJTEY was mustered in at Keokuk, May 25, 1864, with A. H. Bereman, of Mt. Pleasant, as Colonel; S. A. Moore, of Bloomtield, as Lieut. -Colonel; and> J. B. Hope, of Wash- ington, as Major. Companies A and H [were from Henry County, Company B, from Washington County; Company C, from Lee County; Company D, from Davis County; Company E, from Henry and Lee Counties; Company F, from Des Moines County; Company G, from Des Moines and Henry Counties; Company I, from Jef- ferson County ; and Company K, from Van Buren County. This was the first of the regiments of hundred-days' men organized; it even preceded the Forty-fourth. It performed garrison, duty in Tennessee, and was mustered out at Keokuk, Sept. 16, 1864. Of 912 officers and men, 2 were killed, 19 died, 1 was wounded, and 2 were transferred. The FoETT-SiXTH Lifantet was organized with D. B. Henderson, of Clermont, as Colonel; L. D. Durbin, of Tipton, asLieut.-Colonel; and G. L. Tarbet, as Major. Was mustered in at Dubuque, June 10, 1864. Company A was from Dubuque; Company B, from Poweshiek County: Company C, from Dallas and Guthrie Coun- ties; Company D, from Taylor and Fayette Counties; Company E, from Ringgold and Linn Counties; Company F, from Winneshiek and Delaware Counties; Company G, from Apjianoose and Dela- ware Counties; Company H, from Wayne County; Company I, from Cedar County; and Company K, from Lucas County. The HISTORY OF IOWA. 201 Forty-sixth performed garrison duty in Tennessee, and was mus- tered out at Davenport, Sept. 23, 186i. Of its 892 officers and men, 2 were killed, 24 died, 1 was wounded and 3 were captured. The Foktt-Seventh Infantry was mustered into the service of the LTnited States at Davenport. June 1, 18G4-, with James P. Sanford, ot Oskaloosa, as Cob^nel; John Williams, of Iowa City, as Lieut.- Colonel; and G. J. Wright, of Des Moines, as Major. Company A was from Marion and Clayton Counties; Company B, from Appanoose County, Company' C, from Wapello and Eenton Counties; Company D, from Buchanan and Linn Counties; Com- pany E, from Madison County; Company F, from Polk County- Company G, from Joimson County; Company H, from Keokuk County; Company I, from Mahaska County ; and Company K, from Wapello Count}'. This regiment was stationed at the sickly place of Helena, Arkansas, where many succumbed to disease. Of 884 officers and men, one was killed, 46 died, and one was transferred. The Forty-Eighth Infantry (Battalion) was mustered into the service at Davenport, July 13, 1864, with O. H. P. Scott, of Farm- ington, as Lieut. -Colonel. Company A was from Warren County; Company B, fi-om Jasper County; Company C, from Decatur County; and Company D, from Des Moines and Lee Counties. The battalion served its time guarding rebel prisoners on Rock Island, in the Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. It was mus- tered out at Rock Island barracks, Oct. 21, 1864. Of 346 officers and men, four died, and four were transferred. The services of these hundred-days' men were of great value to the national cause. They were acknowledged by the President of the United States, in a special executive order, returning his hearty thanks to officers and men. The First Cavalry was organized in the spring ot 1861, with Fitz Henry Warren, of Burlington, as Colonel; Charles E. Moss of Keokuk, as Lieut. -Colonel; and E. W. Chamberlain, of Burling- ton, James O. Gower, of Iowa City, and W. M. G. Torrence, of Keokuk, as Majors. Company A was from Lee, Van Buren and Wapello Counties; Companj- B, from Clinton County; Company C, from Des Moines and Lee Counties; Company D, from Madison and Warren Counties; Company E, from Henry County; Company F, from Johnson and Linn Counties, Company G, from Dubuque and Black Hawk Counties; Company H, from Lucas and Mor- rison Counties; Company I, from Wapello and Des Moines Coun- ties; Company K, from Allamakee and Clayton Counties; Company 202 HISTORY OF IOWA. L, from Dubuque and other counties; and Company M, from Clin- ton County. The regiment was engaged at Pleasant Hill, Mo., Rolla, New Lexington, Elkins' Ford, Little Eock, Bayou Metoe , "Warrensburg, Big Creek Blufis, Antwineville, and Clear Creek. The regiment veteranized in the spring of 186i. It did not take the usual 30-days' furlough until May, for their services were needed in the tield, and they gallantly volunteered to remain. After the war was closed, the First served in Texas, with Gen. Custer, until its muster-out, Feb. 15, 1866. Of 1,478 officers and men, 43 were killed, 215 died, 207 were discharged, 88 were wounded, 2 were missing, 22 were captured, and 39 were trans- ferred. The Second Cavalry was organized with W. L. Elliott, a Captain in the third cavalry of the regular array, as Colonel; Edward Hatch^ of Muscatine, as Lieut.-Colouel; and N. P. Hepburn, of Marshall- town, D. E. Coon, of Mason City, and H. W. Love, of Iowa City, as Majors, Tlie regiment was mustet'ed in at Davenport, Sept. 1, 1861. Company A was from Muscatine County; Company B, from Marshall County; Company C, from Scott County; Company D, from Polk County; Company E, from Scott County; Company F, from Hamilton and Franklin Counties; Company G, from Muscatine County; Company H, from Johnson County; Company I, from Cerro Gordo, Delaware and other counties; Company K, from Des Moines County; and Companies L and M from Jackson County. The Second participated in the siege of Corinth, the battles of Farmington, Booneville, Rienzi, luka, Corinth, CofFee- ville, Palo Alto, Birmingham, Jackson, Grenada, Collierville, Moscow, Pontotoc, Tupelo, Old Town, Oxford and Nashville. The regiment performed active and arduous service all through the war, and so often distinguished itself as to become well known through- out the nation. It was mustered out at Selma, Ala., Sept. 19, 1865. Of its 1,394 officers and men, 41 were killed, 224 died, 174 were discharged, 173 were wounded, 10 were missing, 74 were captured and 42 were transferred. The Third Cavalry was mustered in at Keokuk, August and September, 1861, with Cyrus Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Colonel; H. H. Trimble, of Bloomfield, as Lieut.-Colouel; and G. H. Perry, H. C. Caldwell and W. C. Drake, of Corydon, as Majors. Companies A and E were from Davis County; Company B, from Van Buren and Lee Counties; Company C, from Lee and Keokuk Counties; Company D, from Davis and Van Buren Counties; HISTORY OF IOWA. 203 Company F, from Jefferson County; Company G, from Van Buren County; Company H, from Van Buren and Jefferson Counties; Company I, from Appanoose County; Company K, from Wapello and Marion Counties; Company L, from Decatur County; and Company M, from Appanoose and Decatur Counties. The Third was engaged at Pea Ridge, La Grange, Sycamore, near Little Rock, Columbus, Pope's Farm, Big Blue, Ripley, Coldwater, Osage, Tallahatchie, Moore's Mill, near Monte vallo, near Lidependence, Pine Bluff, Bott's Farm, Gun Town, "White's Station, Tupelo and Village Creek. The regiment was raised by Hon. Cyrus Bussey, who, in his call for volunteers, requested each man to bring with him a good cavalry horse to sell to the Government. In two weeks he had a thousand men, well mounted, in the rendezvous at Keokuk. In order to still further hasten matters. Col. Bussey personally contracted in Chicago for equipments. In this way the delay experienced by other regiments in preparing for the field was entirely avoided. The regiment took an active part in many battles and raids, and always behaved with distinguished gallantry. Was mustered out at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 9, 1865. Of 1,360 officers and men, 65 were killed, 251 died, 311 were discharged, 166 were wounded, 1 was missing, 146 were captured and 34 were transferred. The Fourth Cavalry was organized and mustered into the service of the United States at Mt. Pleasant, Nov. 21, 1861, with Asbury B. Porter, of Mt. Pleasant, as Colonel; Thomas Drummond, of Vinton, as Lieut.-Colonel; and S. D. Swan, of Mt. Pleasant, J. E- Jewett, of Des Moines and G. A. Stone, of Mt. Pleasant, as Majors. Company A was from Delaware County ; Company C, from Jefferson and Henry Counties; Companies D and K, from Henry County; Company E, from Jasper and Poweshiek Counties; Company F, from Wapello County; Company G, from Lee and Henry Counties; Company H, from Chickasaw CouJity; Company I, from Madison County; Company L, from Des Moines and other counties; and Company M, from Jefferson County. The Fourth fought bravely and lost men at every one of the following engagments: Gun Town; Miss., Helena, Bear Creek, Memphis, Town Creek, Columbus, Mechanicsburg, Little Blue River, Brownsville, Ripley, Black River Bridge, Grenada, Tupelo, Yazoo River, White River, Osage, Lock Creek, Okalona, and St. Francis River. The Fourth was one of the bravest and most successful regiments in the field, and its services were of the utmost value to the Union arms. It was 204r HISTOKY OF IOWA. mustered out at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 10, 1865. Of 1,227 officers aud men, 44 were killed, 207 died, 241 were discharged, 119 were wounded, 3 were missing, 94 were captured, and 35 were trans- ferred. The Fifth Cataley was but in part an Iowa regiment. The States of Minnesota and Missouri and the Territory of Nebraska were largely represented; but as Iowa had the most, it was desig- nated as an Iowa regiment. It was organized and mustered into the service at Omalia, with Wm. W. Lowe, of the regular army, as Colonel; M. T. Patrick, of Omaha, as Lieut.-Colonel, and Carl Schaeifer de Bernstein, a German baron, Wm. Kelsay and Alfred B. Brackett as Majors. Companies A, B, C and D were mostly from Nebraska; Company E, from Dubuque County; Company F, from Des Moines, Dubuque and Lee Counties; Company G, from Minnesota; Company H, from Jackson and other counties; Com- panies I and K, from Minnesota; Company L, from Minnesota and Missouri; and Company M, from Missouri. Companies G, I and K were transferred to Minnesota volunteers, Feb. 25, 1864. The new Company G was organized from veterans and recruits, and Companies C, E, F and I of the Fifth Iowa Infantry. The new Companies I and K were organized from veterans and recruits, and Companies A, B, D, G, H and K of the Fifth Infantry. This regiment was engaged at the second battle of Fort Donelson, Wartrace, Duck River Bridge, Sugar Creek, Newman, Camp Creek, Cumberland Works, Tenn., Jonesboro, Ebenezer Church, Lockbridge's Mills, Pulaski and Cheraw. The gallant Fifth was in many situations requiring the greatest coolness and courage, and always acquitted itself with high honor. At one time the reg- iment was surrounded by rebels, and the colonel in charge of the brigade had escaped with two other regiments to the Union lines reporting the Fifth all killed or captured. But the result was far from that. At the critical time the brave Major Young, after- ward Colonel of the regiment, thundered out in the still night air, " The Fifth Iowa is going straight through; let the brave follow!" Then came the single word of command, "Forwai-d !" and when they reached the rebel lines, "Charge!" Fifteen hundred troopers dashed at full speed over the bodies of the surprised rebels, and escaped to the Union lines with the loss of but 15 men. The reg- iment was finally mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 11, 1865. Of its 1,245 officers and men, 47 were killed, 141 died, 224 were discharged, 56 were wounded, 217 were captured and 17 were transferred. HISTORY OF IOWA. 205 The Sixth Cavalry was organized and mustered in at Daven- port, Jan. 31, 1S63, with D. S. Wilson, of Dubuque, as Colonel; S. M. Pollock, of Dubuque, as Lieut. -Colonel; and T. II. Shepherd, of Iowa City, E. P. Ten Broeck, of Clinton, and A. E. House, of Delhi, as Majors. Company A was from Scott and other counties; Company B, from Dubuque and other counties; Company C, from Fayette Count}'; Company D, from "Winneshiek County; Company E, from southwest counties of the State; Company F, from Alla- makee and other counties; Company G, from Delaware and Bu- chanan Counties; Company H, from Linn County; Company I, from Johnson and other counties; Company K, from Linn County; Company L, from Clayton County; and Company M, from John- son and Dubuque Counties. This regiment was employed on the frontier against the Indians, and did excellent service. Their prin- cipal engagement was the battle of White Stone Hill, in which they severely punished a band of hostiles. The Sixth was mus- tered out at Sioux City, Oct. 17, 1865. Of 1,125 officers and men 19 were killed, 72 died, 89 were discharged, 19 were wounded and 7 were transferred. The Seventh Cavalry was organized and mustered into the ser- vice at Davenport, April 27, 1863, with S. W. Summers, of Ot- tumwa, as Colonel ; John Pattee, of Iowa City, as Lieut. -Colonel; and H. H. Heath and G. M. O'Brien, of Dubuque, and John S. Wood, of Ottumwa, as Majors. Companies A, B, C and D were from Wapello and other counties in the immediate vicinity; Com- panies E, F, G and H were from all parts of the State; Company I, from Sioux City; Companies K and F had been infantry companies, and were from Johnson and other counties; and Com- pany M had been an infantry company and was from Des Moines County. This regiment also served against the Indians in the West. It fought bravely in many battles, and won the lasting gratitude of the people of the West. It was mustered out at Leavenworth, Kansas, May 17, 1866, except Companies K, L and M, which were mustered out at Sioux City, June 22, 1866. Of its 562 officers and men, 47 were killed, 101 died, 252 were discharged, 8 were wounded and 9 were transferred. The Eighth Cavalry was recruited by Lieut. Dorr, of the Twelfth Infantry. As the result of his energy, 2,000 men were soon enlisted for the Eighth! Some 300 were rejected, 450 were turned over to the Ninth Cavalry, and about 75 to the Fourth Battery. The Eighth was organized with Joseph B. Dorr, of Du- 206 mSTOET OF IOWA. buque, as Colonel; H. G. Earner, of Sidney, as Lieut.-Colonel; John J. Bowen, of Hopkinton; J. D. Thompson, of Eldora; and A. J. Price, of Guttenberg, as Majors; and was mustered into the United States service at Davenport, Sept. 30, 1863. Company A was from Page County; Companies B and L, from Wapello County; Company C, from Yan Bnren County; Company D, from Kinggold County; Company E, from Henry County; Companies F and H, from Appanoose County; Company G, from Clayton County; Company I, from Marshall County; Company K, from Muscatine County; and Company M, from Polk County. This regiment served gallantly in guarding Sherman's communications, and at the battles of Lost Mountain, Lovejoy's Station, Newnan and Nashville. It participated in Stoneman's cavalry raid around Atlanta, and Wilson's raid through Alabama. After the close of hostilities and before the muster out. Col. Dorr died of disease. He was much beloved by his command, and highly respected at home, where he had been an able editor. The Eighth was mus- tered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 13, I860. Of its 1,231 officers and men, 30 were killed, 106 died, 67 were discharged, 87 were wounded, 2 were missing, 259 were captured, and 22 were transferred. The Ninth Cavalry was the last three years' regiment recruited in Iowa. It was organized and mustered into the service of the United States at Davenport, Nov. 30, 1S63, with M. M. Trumbull, of Cedar Falls, as Colonel; J. P. Knight, of Mitchell, as Lieut.- Colonel; E. T. Ensign, of Des Moines, Willis Drummond, of Mc- Gregor, and Wm. Haddock, of Waterloo, as Majors. Company A was from Muscatine County; Company B, from Linn County; Company C, from Wapello and Decatur Counties; Company D from Washington County; Company E, from Fayette County; Company F, from Clayton County; Companies G and H, from various counties; Company I, from Wapello and Jefferson Coun- ties; Company K, from Keokuk County; Company L, from Jasper and Marion Counties; Company M, fi-om Wapello and Lee Coun- ties. The regiment performed heavy scouting, guard and garrison duties in Arkansas, for the small part of the war after it was organ- ized. It was mustered out at Little Rock, Ark., Feb. 28, 1866. Of its 1,178 officers and men, 6 were killed, 178 died, 64 were dis- charged, 15 were wounded, 1 was captured, and 11 were trans- ferred. The FiEST Battery of Light Artillery was enrolled in the coun- ties of Wapello, Des Moines, Dubuque, Jefferson, Black Hawk, and others, and was mustered into the service at Burlington, Aug. 17, HISTOKY OF IOWA. 207 1861, with C. H. Fletcher, of Burlingtou, as Captain. Was en- gaged at Pea Ridge, Port Gibson, in the Atlanta campaign, at Chickasaw Bayou, Lookout Mountain, etc. Was mustered out at Davenport, July 5, 1865. Of 149 members, 7 were killed, 55 died, 35 were discharged, 31 were wounded, and 3 were transferred. The Second BArrERr was enrolled in the counties of Dallas, Polk, Harrison, Fremont, and Pottawattamie, and mustered in at Council Blufis, and at St. Louis, Aug. 8 and 31, 1861, with Nelson I. Spoor, of Council Bluffs, as Captain. The battery was engaged at Farmington, Corinth and other places. Was mustered out at Davenport, Aug. 7, 1865. Of a total of 123 officers and men, 1 was killed, 30 died, 16 were discharged, 15 were wounded, 1 was captured, and 6 were transferred. The Third Battery was enrolled in the counties of Dubuque, Black Hawk, Butler, and Floyd, and was mustered into the service at Dubuque, in September, 1861, with M. M. Hayden, of Dubuque, as Captain. The battery was engaged at Pea Ridge and other important battles. Was mustered out at Davenport, Oct. 23, 1865. Of 142 officers and men, 3 were killed, 34 died, 28 were discharged, and 18 were wounded. The Fourth Battery was enrolled in Mahaska, Henry, Mills, and Fremont Counties, and was mustered in at Davenport, Nov. 23, 1863. This battery was on duty most of the time in Louisiana, but did not serve in any important battles. Was mustered out at Davenport, July 14, 1865. Of 152 officers and men, 6 died, 11 were discharged, and 1 was transferred. The Iowa Regiment of Colored Troops was organized and mustered into the service of the United States, Oct. 23, 1863. John G. Hudson, Captain Company B, Thirty-third Missouri, was Col- onel; M. F. Collins, of Keokuk, was Lieut.-Colonel; and J. L. Murphy, of Keokuk, was Major. This regiment was afterward the Sixtieth Regiment of United States Colored Troops. It was not called upon to fight, but performed valuable guard and garrison duties at St. Louis and elsewhere South. The NoRTUERN Border Brigade was organized by the State of Iowa to protect the Northwestern frontier. James A. Sawyer, of Siou.x City, was elected Colonel. It consisted of five companies, all enlisted from the northwestern counties. The Southern Border Brigade was organized by the State for the purpose of protecting the southern border of the State,and was organized in the counties on the border of Missouri. It consisted of seven companies, in three battalions. 208 HISTOET OF IOWA. PE0M0TI0N8. The following promotions were made by the United States Gov- ernment from Iowa regiments: MAJOE-GENEBALS. Samuel R. Curtis, Brigadier-General, from March 31, 1863. Frederick Steele, Brigadier-General, from Nov. 29, 1863. Frank J. Herron, Brigadier-General, from Nov. 39, 1863. Grenville M. Dodge, Brigadier-General, from June 7, 1864. BEIGADIER-GESEEALS. Samuel R. Curtis, Colonel 3d Infantry, from May 17, 1861. Frederick Steele, Colonel 8th Infantry, from Feb. 6, 1863. Jacob G. Lanraan, Colonel 7th Infantry, from March 31, 1863. Grenville M. Dodge, Colonel 4th Infantry, from March 31, 1863. James M. Tuttle, Colonel 3d Infantry, from June 9, 1863. Washington L. Elliott, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from June 11, 1863. Fitz Henry Warren, Colonel 1st Cavalry, from July 6, 1862. Frank J. Herron, Lieut. -Co'onel, 9th Infantry, from July 30, 1863. Charles L. Matthies, Colonel 5th Infantry, from Nov. 29, 1863. Wm. Vandever, Colonel 9th Infantry, from Nov. 39, 1863. Marcellus M. Crocker, Colonel 13th Infantry, from Nov. 29, 1863. Hugh T. Reid, Colonel 15th Infantry, from March 13, 1863. Samuel A.. Rice, Colonel 33d Infantry, from Aug. 4, 1863. John M. Corse, Colonel 6th Infantry, from Aug. 11, 1863. Cyrus Bussey, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from Jan. 5, 1864. Edward Hatch, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from April 27, 1864. Elliott W. Rice, Colonel 7th Infantry, from June 30, 1864. Wm. W. Belknap, Colonel 5th Infantry, from July 30, 1864. John Edwards, Colonel 18th Infantry, from Sept. 36, 1864. James A. Williamson, Colonel 4th Infantry, from Jan. 13, 1864. James I. Gilbert, Colonel 27th Infantry, from Feb. 9, 1865. Thomas J. McKean, from Nov. 31, 1861. BEEVET MAJOR- GENEEALS. JohnM. Corse, Brigadier General, from Oct. 5, 1864. Edward Hatch, Brigadier-General, from Dec. 15, 1864. Wm. W. Belknap, Brigadier-General, from March 13, 1865. W. L.Elliott, Brigadier-General, from March 13, 1865. Wm. Vandever, Brigadier-General, from June 7, 1865. BEEVET BEIGADIEE-GENEEALS. Wm. T. Clark, A. A. G., late of 13th Infantry, from July 23, 1864. Edward F. Winslow, Colonel 4th Cavalry, from Dec. 12, 1864. 8. G. Hill, Colonel 3oth Infantry, from Dec. 15, 1864. Thomas H. Benton, Colonel 29th Infantry, from Dec. 15, 1864. HISTORY OF IOWA. 209 Samael S. Glasgow, Colonel 23d Infantry, from Dec. 19, 1864. Clark R. Weaver, Colonel 17lh Infantry, from Feb. 9, 1865. Francis M. Drake, Lieut.-Colonel 30lh Infantry, from Feb. 22,1865. Geo. A. Stone, Colonel 25th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. Datus E. Coon, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from March 8, 1865. George W. Clark, Colonel 34th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. Herman H. Healh. Colonel 7th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865. J. M. Hedrick, Colonel 15th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. "W. W. Lowe, Colonel 0th Cavalry, from March 3, 1865. STATE INSTITUTIONS. THE STATE UNIVERSITY. By act of Congress, approved July 20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized to "set apart and reserve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa not otherwise claimed or appropriated, a cjuautity of land not exceed- ing two entire townships, for the use and support of a university within said Territory when it becomes a State. The first General Assembly, therefore, by act approved Feb. 25, 1847, established the "State University of Iowa" at Iowa City, then the capital of the State. The public buildings and other property at Iowa City were appropriated to the Uuiversit}', but the Legislative sessions and State offices were to be held in them until a permanent loca- tion for a capital was made. The control and management of the University were committed to a board of 15 trustees, to be appointed by the Legislature, and live were to be chosen every two years. The superintendent of public instruction was made president of this board. The organic act provided that the University should never be under the control of any religious denomination whatever, and that as soon as the revenue from the grant and donations should amount to $2,000 a year, the University should commence and continue the instruction, free of charge, of 50 students annually. Of course the organiza- tion of the University at Iowa City was impracticable, so long as the scat of government was retained there. In January, 1849, two branches of the University and three nor- mal schools were established. The branches were located at Fair- field and Dubuque, and were placed upon an equal footing in re- spect to funds and all other matters, with the University at Iowa 13 210 HISTOEY OF IOWA. City. At Fairfield, the Board of Directors organized and erected a building at a cost of $2,500. This was nearly destroyed by a hur- ricane the following year, but was rebuilt more substantially by the citizens of Fairfield. This branch never received any aid from the State, and Jan. 24, 1853, at the request of the board, the Gen- eral Assembly terminated its relation to the State. The branch at Dubuque had only a nominal existence. The normal schools were located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mt. Pleasant. Each was to be governed by a board of seven trustees, to be appointed by the trustees of the University. Each was to receive $500 annually from the income of the University fund, upon condition that they should educate eight commonschool teachers, free of charge for tuition, and that the citizens should contribute an equal sura for the erection of the requisite buildings. The school at Andrew was organized Nov. 21, 181:9, with Samuel Ray as principal. A building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was never completed. The school at Oska- loosa was started in the court-house, Sept. 13, 1852, under the charge of Prof. G. M. Drake and wife. A two-story brick build- ing was completed in 1853, costing $2,473. The school at Mt. Pleasant was never organized. Neither of these schools received any aid from the University fund, but in 1857 the Legislature ap- propriated $1,000 for each of the two schools, and repealed the laws authorizing the payment to them of money from the Univer- sity fund. From that time they made no further effort to con- tinue in operation. From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees was kept full by reg- ular elections by the Legislature, and the trustees held frequent meetings, but there was no actual organization of the University. In March, 1855, it was partially opened for a term of 16 weeks. July 16, 1S55, Amos Dean, of Albany, N. Y., was elected presi- dent, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The University was acjain opened in September, 1855, and continued in operation imtil June, 1856, under Professors Johnson, Welton, Van Valken- burg and Grifiin. The faculty was then re-organized, with some changes, and the University was again opened on the third Wednesday of Septem- ber, 1856. There were 124 students — 83 males and 41 females — in attendance during the years 1856-'7, and the first regular catalogue was published. HISTORY OF IOWA. 211 At a special meeting of the board, Sept. 22, 1857, the honorary degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on D. Franklin Wells. This was the first degree conferred by the University. The new constitution, adopted in 1857, definitely fixed the cap- ital at Des Moines, the State University at Iowa City, and provided that it sliould have no branches. In December of that year the old capitol building was turned over to the trustees of the Univer- sity. In 1858, $10,000 were appropriated for the erection of a boarding hall. The board closed the University April 27, 1858, on account of insuflicient funds, and dismissed all the faculty except Chancellor Dean. At the same time a resolution was passed excluding females. This was soon after reversed by the General Assembly. The University was re-opened Sept. 19, 1860, and from this date the real existence of the University dates. Mr. Dean had resigned before this, and Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D., was elected presi- dent, at a salary of $2,000. Aug. 19, 1862, he resigned, and was succeeded by Prof Oliver M. Spencer. President Spencer was granted leave of absence for 15 months, to visit Europe, and Prof. Nathan R. Leonard was elected president pro tern. President Spencer resigning, James Black, D.D., Vice-President of "Wash- ington and Jefl"erson College, Penn., was elected president. He entered upon his duties in September, 1868. The law department was established in June, 1868, and soon after the Iowa Law School at Des Moines, which had been in suc- cessful operation for three years, was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the department. The medical department was established in 1869. Since April 11, 1870, the government of the University has been in the hands of a Board of Regents. Dr. Black resigned in 1870, to take effect Dec. 1, and March 1, 1871, Eev. Geo. Thatcher was elected president. In June, 1874, the chair of military instruction was established, and Lieut. A. D. Sclienk, Second Artillery, U. S. A., was detailed by the President of the United States as professor of military science and tactics. In June, 1877, Dr. Thatcher's connection with the University was terminated, and C. W. Slagle was elected president. He was succeeded in 1878 by J. L. Pickard, LL. D., who is the present incumbent. 212 HISTOEY OF IOWA. The University has gained a reputation as one of the leading institutions of the West, and this position will doubtless be main- tained. The present educational corps consists of the following, besides President Pickard: in the collegiate department, nine profes- sors and six instructors, including the professor of military science; in the law department, a chancellor, two professors and four lectur- ers; in the medical department, eight professors and ten assistant professors and lecturers. No preparatory work is done in the University, but different high schools in the State, with approved courses of study, are admitted as preparatory departments of the University whose grad- uates are admitted without examination. Common schools, high schools and University are thus made one connected system. The present number of students in the collegiate department is: males, 163; females, 69; total, 232; inlaw department, 140; in med- ical department, 195. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. This is located at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and was opened in 1876. The institution trains teachers for our schools, and is doing excellent, though limited, work. What is wanted is more room, and increased facilities of every kind. Other institu- tions of a similar kind should also be established tliroughout the State. STATE AGEICULTUBAL COLLEGE. The State Agricultural College and Farm were established by act of the General Assembly approved March 23, 1858. The farm was located in Story County, at Ames. In 1862 Congress granted to Iowa 240,000 acres of land for the endowment of schools of agri- culture and the mechanical arts. In 1864 the assembly voted $20,000 for the erection of the college building. In 1866 $91,000 more were appropriated for the same purpose. The building was com- pleted in 1868, and the institution was opened in the following year. The college is modeled to some extent after Michigan Ag- ricultural College. Tuition is free to pupils from the State over 16 years of age. Students are required to work on the model farm two and a half hours each day. The faculty is of a very high character, and the institution one of the best of its kind. Sale of spirits, wine and beer as a beverage is forbidden by law within three miles of tlie College. The current expenses of this institution are paid by the HISTORY OF IOWA. 213 income from the permanent endowment. A. S. "Welch, LL. D., is president, and is assisted by 12 professors and eight instructors. Whole number of students admitted, 2,600; present number, 210. The College Farm comprises 860 acres, of which 400 are in cultiva- tion. PKAF AND DUMB INSTITUTE, By an act of the Legislature of Iowa, approved Jan. 24, 1855, the Iowa Institute for tlie Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City. In 1866 a great effort was made to remove the Institute to Dea Moines; but it was finally permanently located at Council Bluffs, and the school opened in a rented building. In 1868 Commis- sioners were appointed to locate a site, and superintend the erection, of new buildings, for which the Legislature appropriated $125,000. The commissioners selected 90 acres of land two miles south of the city. In October, 1870, the main building and one wing were com- pleted and occupied. In February, 1877, fire destroyed the main building and east wing, and during the summer following, a tor- nado blew off the roof of the new west wing and the walls were partially demolished. About 150 pupils were in attendance at the time of the fire. After that, half the classes were dismissed and the number of pupils reduced to 70. The present officers are: B. F. Clayton, President, Macedonia; term expires in 1886; A. Rogers, Secretary; term expires 1884; John H. Stubenranch; term expires in 1884. The county superin- tendent of schools annually reports all persons of school age that are deaf and dumb; also those too deaf to acquire learning in the common schools. The cost per pupil is $28 per quarter, and is paid by the parents or guardian; but when unable -to do so, the expense is borne by the respective county. The regular appropria- tion is $11,000 per annum, drawn quarterly. Parents and guard- ians are allowed to clothe their children. The whole number admitted to the Institute is 621. Present number, 221. Last biennial appropriation, $27,839. COLLEGE FOB THE BLIND. Tiic first person to agitate the subject of an Institute for the Blind was Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, who, in 1S52, estab- lished a school of instruction at Keokuk. The n^xt year the Insti- 214 HISTOKT OF IOWA. tnte was adopted by the State, and moved to Iowa City, by act of the Legislature, approved Jan. 18, 1853, and opened for the recep- tion of pupils, April 4, 1853. During the first term 23 pupils were admitted. Prof. Bacon, the principal, made his first report in 185-1, and suggested that the name be changed from '' Asylum for the Blind" (which was the name first adopted), to that of "Institution for the Instruction of the Blind." This change was made in 1855, and the Legislature made an annual appropriation of $55 per quarter for each pupil; afterward this appropriation was changed to $3,000 per annum. Prof. Bacon was a fine scholar, an economical manager, and in every way adapted to his position. During his administration the Institution was in a great measure self-supporting by the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils. Tiiere was also a charge of $25 as an admission fee for each pupil. Prof. Bacon founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. In 185S the citizens of Vinton, Benton County, donated a quarter section of land and $5,000 for the establishment of the asylum at that place. On the 8th of May, that same year, the trustees met at Vinton and made arrangements for securing the donation, and adopted a plan for the erection of a suitable building. In 1860, the contract for enclosing was let to Messrs. Finkbine & Lovelace, for $10,i20. In August, 1862, the goods and furniture were re- moved from Iowa City to Vinton, and in the fall of the same year the school was opened with 2-1 pupils. The Institution has been built at a vast expenditure of money, much greater than it seemed to require for the number of occu- pants. The Legislative Committee, who visited the College in 1878, expressed their astonishment at this utter disregard of the fitness of things. They could not understand why $282,000 should have been expended for a massive building for the accom- modation of only 130 people, costing the State over $5,000 a year to heat it, and about $500 a year for each pupil. The present officers are: Robert Carothers, Superintendent; T. F. McCune, Assistant Superintendent; Trustees: Jacob Springer, President; M. H. Westbrook, J. F. White, C. O. Harrington, W. H. Leavitt, S. H. Watson. Whole number of occupants, 436. Present number, males, 36; females, 50. Salary of superintend- ent, $1,200; assistant, $700; trustees, $4.00 per day and mileage. Annual appropriation, $8,000, and $128 per year allowed for each pupil. Annual meeting of trustees in June. Biennial appropri- ation in 1880, $3,000. HISTORY OF IOWA. 215 IOWA HOSPITAL FOB THE INSANE. The Iowa Hospital for the Insane was established by an act of the Legislature, approved Jan. 24, 1855. Gov. Grimes, Edward Johnston, of Lee County, and Cliarles S. Blake, of Henry County, were appointed to locate the institution and superintend the erection of the building; $4,4:25 were appropriated by the Legis- lature for the site, and $50,000 for the building. Tlie commissioners located the institution at Mount Pleasant, Henry Connty, and a plan of the building was drawn by Dr. Eell, of Massachusetts. The building was designed to accommodate 300 patients, and in October work commenced, superintended by Henry Winslow. The building was not ready for occupancy until March, 1S61. The Legislature had appropriated $258,555.67 before it was completed. One hundred patients were admitted within three months. In April, 1876, a portion of the building was destroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October, 1877, there were admitted 3,684 patients. Of these, 1,141 recovered, 505 were improved, and 589 were discharged unimproved; 1 died. During this period, 1,384 of the patients were females. The trustees are elected by the Legislature, and all officers are chosen by the trustees. Superintendents are chosen for six years. Dr. Ranney was first chosen in 1S65; his present term expires in 1886; salary, $2,000 per annum. Whole number of patients ad- mitted, 4,598; present numbar of males, 298; present number of females, 235. Trustees are paid $5.00 per day and mileage, not to exceed 30 days each year. Annual meeting, first Wednesday in October; quarterly, January, April and September. Present officers are: Mark Hanney, M. D., Superintendent; H. M. Bassett, M. D., J. P. Brubaker, M. D., and Max Witte, M. D., Assistant Physicians. HOSPITAL FOB THE INSANE, AT INDEPENDENCE. The Legislature of 1867-'8 adopted measures providing for an additional hospital for the insane; and an appropriation of $125,000 was made for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton County, E. G. Morgan, of Webster County, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, were appointed commissioners to locate and superintend the erection of a building. These commissioners commenced their labors June 8, 1868, at Independence. They were authorized to select the most desirable location, of not less than 320 acres, within 216 mSTOEY OF IOWA. two miles of the city of Independence, that might be offered by the citizens free of charge. They finally selected a site on the west side of the Wapsipinicon Kiver, about a mile from its banks, and about the same distance from Independence. The contract for building was awarded to David Armstrong, of Dubuque, for $88,114. It was signed Nov. 7, 1868, and work was immediately commenced. George Josselyn was appointed superintendent of the work. The first meeting of the trustees was called in July, 1872. At the September meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected Superin- tendent of the Hospital, George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn, Matron. The Hospital opened May 1, 1873. Whole number of patients admitted, 2,000; present number (1882), 533; males, 290; females, 243. Biennial appropriation, 1880, $35,300. The present ofiicers are: G. H. Hill, Superintendent, term ex- pires in 1882; salary, $1,600; H. G. Brainard, M. D., Assistant Superintendent, salary, $1,000; Noyes Appleman, Steward; salary $900; Mrs. Lucy M. Gray, Matron; salary, $600. soldiers' orphans' home. This institution is located at Davenport, Scott County, and was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the late Rebellion. This noble woman called a convention at Muscatine, Sept. 7, 1863, for the purpose of devising means for the education and support of the orphan children of Iowa, whose fathers lost their lives in defending their country's honor. The public interest in the move- ment was so great that all parts of the State were largely repre- sented, and an association was organized, called the Iowa State Orphan Asylum. The first meeting of the trustees was held Feb. 14, 1864, at Des Moines, when Gov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected with the Asylum, and arrangements were made for raising funds. At the next meeting, in Davenport, tlie following month, a committee was appointed, of which Mr. Howell, of Keokuk, was chairman, to lease a suitable buildint;, solicit donations, and procure suitable furniture. This committee secured a large brick building in Law- rence, Yan Buren County, and engaged Mr. Fuller, of Mount Pleasant, as Steward. Tlie work of preparation was conducted so vigorously that July 13, following, the executive committee an- nounced that they were ready to receive children. Within three weeks 21 were admitted, and in a little more than six months, the soldiers' orphans admitted numbered 70. HISTORY OF IOWA. 217 Miss M. Elliott, of Washington, was appointed the first matron, but she resigned the following February, and was succeeded by Mrs. E. G. Piatt, of Fremont County. "The Home" was sustained by voluntary contributions until 186G, when it was taken charge of by the State. The Legislature appropriated $10 per month for each orphan actually supported, and provided for the establishment of three Ilonies. The one in Cedar Falls was organized in 1S65, an old hotel building was fitted up for it, and by the following January there were 96 inmates. In October, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building, about two miles west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosperous for several years; but in 1876 the Legislature devoted this building to the State Normal School. The same year the Legislature also devoted the buildings and grounds of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, at Glenwood, Mills County, to an institution for the support of feeble-minded children. It also provided for the removal of the soldiers' orphans at Glenwood and Cedar Falls Homes to the insti- tution at Davenport. The present officers are: S. W. Pierce, Superintendent; Mrs. F W. Pierce, Matron. Whole number admitted, 1,525; present number, males, 79; females, 90. The 18th Grand Armj' appro- priated $2,000 to build eight new cottages, school-house and other buildings; these have been completed, and the Home will, when furnished, accommodate 200 children. Superintendent's salary, $1,200 per annum. Trustees are elected for two years. ASTLUil FOE FEEBLE-MINDED CHILDKEN. An act of the General Assembly approved March 17, 1876, pro- vided for the establishment of an asylum for feebleminded children at Glenwood, Mills County; and the buildings and grounds of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were taken for this purpose. The asylum was placed under the management of three trustees, one of whom should be a resident of Mills County. The grounds to be used were found in a very dilapidated condi- tion, and thorough changes were deemed necessary. The institu- tion was opened Sept. 1, 1876, and the first pupil admitted Sept. ■4. By November, 1877, the number of pupils had increased to 87. The whole number admitted has been 257. Present inmates number 200. 218 HISTOKY OF IOWA. THE PENITENTIARY. The first penal institution was established by an act of the Terri- torial Legislature, approved Jan. 25, 1839. Tiiis act authorized the governor to draw the sum of $20,000 appropriated by an act of Congress in 1S38, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided for a Board of Directors, consisting of three persons, to be elected by the Legislature, who should superintend the build- ing of a penitentiary to be located within a mile of the public square, in the town of Fort Madison, county of Lee, provided that the latter deeded a suitable tract of land for tiie purpose, also a spring or stream of water for the use of the penitentiary. The first directors were John S. David and John Claypole. They were given the power of appointing the warden, the latter to appoint his own assistants. The citizens of Fort Madison exe- cuted a deed of 10 acres of land for the building, and Amos Ladd was appointed superintendent June 5, 1839. The work was soon entered upon, and the main building and warden's house were completed in the fall of 1841. It continued to meet with additions and improvements until the arrangements were all completed ac- cording to the design of the directors. The estimated cost of the building was $55,933.90, and was designed of suflicient capacity to accommodate 138 convicts. Iowa has adopted the enlightened policy of humane treatment of prisoners, and utilizes their labor for their own support. Their labor is let out to contractors, who pay the State a stipulated sum therefor, the latter furnishing shops, tools, machinery, etc., and the supervision of the convicts. The present oflicers of the prison are: E. C. Mc Millen, "War- den, elected 1878 and 1880; Hiel Hale, Deputy Warden; W. C. Gunn, Chaplain, A. W. Iloffmeister, Physician; M. T. Butterfield, Clerk. The whole number of convicts admitted up to the present time (1882) is 3,387. Number of males in 1881, 350; females, 3; num- ber of guards,3 3. The warden is chosen biennially by the Leg- islature, and receives a salary of $2,000 per annum. ANAMOSA PENITENTIARY. In 1872 the first steps toward the erection of a prison at Ana- mosa, Jones County, were taken, and by an act of the General As- sembly, approved April 23, this year, "William Ure, Foster L. HISTORY OF IOWA. 211) Downing and Martin Heisey were appointed commissioners to construct and control prison buildings. They met on the 4th of June following, and selected a site donated by the citizens of Ana- mosa. The plan, drawings and spocitications were furnished by L. "W. Foster & Co., of Des Moines, and work on the building was commenced Sept. 28, 1872. In 1S73, 20 convicts were trans- ferred from the Fort Madison prison to Anamosa. The ofBccrs of the Anamosa prison are: A. E. Martin, Warden; L. B. Feet, Deputy Warden; Mrs. A. C. Merrill, Chaplain; L. J. Adair, Physician; T. P. Parsons, Clerk. The whole num- ber admitted since it was opened is 816. Number of males in 1882, 133; females, 2. Salaries of officers the same as those of the Fort Madison penitentiary. boys' reform school. By act approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly estab- lished a reform school at Salem, Henry County, and provided for a board of trustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. The trustees immediately leased the property of the Iowa Manual Labor Institute, and Oct. 7 following the school received its first inmate. The law at first provided for the admission of children of both sexes under 18 years of age. The trustees were directed to organize a separate school for girls. In 1872 the school was permanently located at Eldora, Hardin County, and $45,000 were appropriated for the necessary buildings. In 1876 the law was so amended that only children over seven and under 16 years of age are admitted. The children are taught the elements of education, in particular the useful branches, and are also trained in some regular course of labor, as is best suited to their age, disposition and capacity. They are kept until they arrive at majority, unless bound out to some responsible party, which relieves the State of their care. Occasion- ally they are discharged before the age of 21, for good conduct. The institution is managed by five trustees, elected by the Legis- lature. Whole number of boys admitted, 818. There are 204 inmates at present, and also 63 in the girls' department, at Mitchell- ville. The biennial appropriation for 1880 was $16,900. 220 HISTOEY OF IOWA. STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETr. By act of the General Assembly approved Jan. 28, 1857, a State Historical Society was provided for in connection with the Uni- versity. At the commencement, an appropriation of $250 was made, to be expended in collecting and preserving a library of books, pamphlets, papers, paintings and other materials illustrative of the history of Iowa. There was appropriated the sum of $500 per annum to maintain this society. The management consists of a board of 18 curators, nine appointed by the governor, and nine elected by vote of the society. The State Historical Society has published a series of very valuable collections, including history, biography, sketches, remi- niscences, etc., with quite a large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under the title of " Annals of Iowa." STATE AGRICULTURAL SOOIETT. This society is conducted under the auspices of the State, and is one of the greatest promoters of the welfare of the people under the management of the State government. It should receive more pecuniary assistance than it does. The Society holds an annual Fair, which has occurred at Des Moines since 1878. At its meetings subjects are discussed of the highest interest and value, and these proceedings are published at the expense of the State. The officers are a president, vice president, secretary, and treasurer and five directors. The last hold office for two years, and the other officers one year, FISH HATCHING-HOUSE. This was established in 1874, and has for its object the supplying of rivers and lakes with valuable fish. The General Assembly first appropriated the sum of $3,000. Three fish commissioners were appointed, and the State is divided into three districts, one for each commissioner. The Hatching-House was erected near Anamosa, Jones County, and is conducted in the same manner as similar houses in other States. Since 1876 there has been but one com- missioner, B. F. Shaw. Mr. Shaw is enthusiastic in his work, and has distributed hundreds of thousands of small fish of various kinds in the rivers and lakes of Iowa. The 16 th General Assembly passed an act in 1878 prohibiting the catching of any kind offish except brook trout from March until June of each year. EDUCATIONAL. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. In no subject connected with our civilization and progress have the people taken so deep an interest as in that of education. The public schools have especially engaged the attention of our best citizens and legislators. The gerui of the free public-school system of Iowa, which now ranks second to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers. They had migrated to the " Beauti- ful Land" from older States, where they had enjoyed to some ex- tent its advantages, and they determined that their children should be similarly favored, in the land of their adoption. The system thus planted was expanded and improved until now it is justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the country. Nor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered that humble log school-houses were built almost as soon as the log cabins of the earliest settlers were occupied by their brave builders. In the lead-mining regions of the State, the first to be occupied by the white race, the hardy pioneer provided the means for the education of their children, even before they had comfortable dwellings for their families. School-teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa. "Wherever a little settlement was made, the school-house was the first thing undertaken by the settlers in a body; and the rude, primitive structures of the early time only disappeared when the communities increased in population and wealth, and were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the State of Iowa been more marked and rapid than in her common-school system and in her school-houses, which, long since, superseded the log cabins of the first settlers. To-da}' the school-houses which everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of Iowa are unsurpassed by those of any other State in this great Union. More especially is this true in all her cities and villages, where liberal and lavish appropriations have been voted, by a generous people, for the erection of large, commodious and elegant (221) 222 HISTORY OF IOWA. buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements, and cost- ing from $10,000 to $60,000 each. The people of the State have expended more than $10,000,000 for the erection of public school buildings. Tlie first school-house within the limits of Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by J. L. Langworthj, and a few other miners, in the autumn of 1833. When it was completed, George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the winter of lS33-"4, and 35 pupils attended his school. Barrett Whittemore taught the school term, with 25 pupils in attendance. Mrs. Caroline Dexter com- menced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1S36. She was the first female teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1S39, Thomas H. Benton, Jr., afterward for 10 years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax for the support of schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840. At Burlington, a commodious log school-house, built in 1S34-, was among the first buildings erected. A Mr. Johnson taught the first school in the winter of lS34-'5. In Muscatine County, the first school was taught by George Bumgardner, in the spring of ISB^. In 1839, a log school-house was erected in Muscatine, which served for a long time as school- house, church and public hall. The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. Johnson County was an entire wilderness when Iowa City was located as the capital of the Territory of Iowa, in May, 1839. The first sale of lots took place Aug. 18, 1839, and before Jan. 1, 1840, about 20 families had settled within the limits of the town. Durinof the same year, Mr. Jesse Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected on what is now College street. In Monroe County, the first settlement was made in 1843, by Mr. John R. Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddy- ville; and in the summer of 1844 a log school-house was built by Gray, Wm.V. Beedle, C. Renfro, Joseph McMullen and "Willoughby Randolph, and the first school was opened by Miss Urania Adams. The building was occupied for school purposes for nearly 10 years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a log school-house was built, in which school was opened by Samuel W. Caldwell, in 1844. HISTORY OF IOWA. 223 At Fort Dos Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was taught bv Lewis Whitten. Clerk of the District Court, in the winter of 1840-7, in one of the rooms on " Coon Row, " built for barracks. The first school in Pottawattamie County was opened by George Green, a Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1S49; and until about 1854 nearly all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. The first school in Decorah was taught in 1855, by Cryus C. Carpenter, since governor of the State. In Crawford County the first school-house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied it as teacher. During the first 20 years of the history of Iowa, the log school-house prevailed, and in 1861 there were 893 of these prim- itive structures in use for school purposes in the State. Since that time they have been gradually disappearing. In 1865 there were 796; in 1870, 336; and in 1875, 121. Jan. 1, 1839, the Territorial Legislature passed an act providing that '■ tliRre shall be established a common school, or schools, in each of the counties in this Territory; which shall be open and free for every class of white citizens between the ages of five and 21 years." The second section of the act provided that '• the County Board shall, from time to time, form school districts in their respect- ive counties whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the voters resident within such contemplated district." These districts wore governed by boards of trustees, usually of three persons; each district was required to maintain school at least three months in every year; and later, laws were enacted providing for county school-taxes for the payment of teachers, and that whatever additional sum mightbe required should be assessed upon the parents sending in proportion to the length of time sent. In 1846, the year of Iowa's admission as a State, there were 20,- 000 scholars, out of 100,000 inhabitants. About 400 school dis- tricts had been organized. In 1850 there were 1,200, and in 1857 the number had increased to 3,265. In March, 1858, upon the recommendation of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then superintendent of public instruction, the seventh General Assembly enacted that "each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should be divided into sub-dis- tricts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and reduced the number of school districts frorn about 3,500 to less than 900. This 224 HISTOET OF IOWA. change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of tlie expenditures for the compensation of district secretaries and treasurers. An eliort was made for several years, from 1S67 to 1872, to abolish the sub-district system. Mr. Kissell, Superintend- ent, recommended this in his report of Jan. 1, 1872, and Gov. Mer- rill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of independ- ent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. The system of graded schools was inaugurated in 1849, and new schools, in which more than one teacher is employed, are univer- sally graded. Teachers' institutes were organized early in the history of the State. The first official mention of them occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made Dec. 2, 1850, who said: "An institution of this character was organized a few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, Wisconsin and Towa. An association of teachers has also been formed in the county of Henry, and an efiort was made in October last to organize a regular institute in the county of Jones." At that time, although the beneficial influence of these institutes was admitted, It was urged that the expenses of attending them was greater than teachers witli limited compensation were able to bear- To obviate this objection, Mr. Benton recommended that " the sum of $150 should be appropriated annually for three years, to be drawn in installments of $50 by the superintendent of public instruction, and expended for these institutions." He proposed that three institutes should be held annually at points to be desig- nated by the superintendent. The expense of this would be trifling, and all recognized the ben- efits to be derived; and yet no legislation was had until March, 1858, when an act was passed authorizing tlie holding of teachers' institutes for periods not less than six working days, whenever not less than 30 tea-^hers should desire. The superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one institute, to be paid out by the county superintendent, as the institute might direct, for teachers and lecturers, and $1,000 was appropriated to defray the expenses of these institutes. Mr. Fisher at once pushed the matter of holding institutes, and Dec. 6, 1858, he reported to the Board of Education that institutes had been appointed in 20 counties within the preceding six months and more would have been held but the appropriation had been exhausted. HISTORY OF IOWA. 225 At the first session of the Board of Education, commencing Dec. 6, 1858, a code of school laws was enacted, which retained the existing provisions for teachers' institutes. In March, 1860, the General Assembly amended the act of the board by appropriating "a sum not exceeding 850 annually for one such institute, held as provided by law in each county." In 1865 the superintendent, Mr. Faville, reported that " the provis- ion made by the State for the benefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the people and the teach- ers, as during the last two years." By an act approved March 19, 1874, normal institutes were estab- lished in each county, to be held annually by the county superin- tendent. This was regarded as a very decided step in advance by Mr. Abernethy, and in 1876 the General Assembly established the first permanent State normal school at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and property of the Soldiers' Orphan's Home at that place for that purpose. This school is now " in the full tide of successful experiment." The present public-school system of Iowa is admirably organized, and if the various officers who are entrusted with the educational interests of the commonwealth continue faithful and competent, should and will constantly improve. Funds for the support of the public schools are derived in sev- eral ways. The 16th section of every Congressional township was set apart by the general Government for school purposes, being one thirty-sixth part of all the lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar and twenty- five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to the State of 500,000 acres, and an appropriation of five per cent, on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it ; the proceeds of all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which cannot be diverted U> an}- other purpose. The penalties collected by the courts for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties where collected. Tlie proceeds of the sale of lands and the five per cent, fund go into tlie State Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties according to their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for long terms at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued at three times the 14 226 HISTOKY OF IOWA. amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings and improvements thereon. The interest on these loans is paid into the State Treas- ury, and becomes the available school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all money so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on tliese loans is appor- tioned b}' the State Auditor semi-annually to the several counties of the State, in proportion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. The counties also levy an an- nual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned to the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also levied for the same purpose. The money arising from these several sources constitutes the support of the public schools, and is suffi- cient to enable every sub-district in the State to aiford from six to nine months' school each year. The burden of direct taxation is thus lightened, and the efficiency of the schools increased. The taxes levied for the support of the schools are self-imposed. Under the admirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be legally assessed or collected for the erection of school-houses until they have been ordered by the election of a district at a school meeting legally called. The school-houses of Iowa are the pride of the State and an honor to the people. If they have been built sometimes at a prodigal expense, the tax-pay- ers have no one to blame but themselves. The teachers' and con- tingent funds are determined by the Board of Directors under certain legal instructions. These boards are elected annually, except in the independent districts, in which the board may be entirely changed every three years. The only exception to this mode of levying taxes for support of schools is the county school tax, which is determined by the County Board of Supervisors. The tax is from one to three mills on the dollar ; usually, however, but one. In 1881 there were in the State 4,339 school districts, contain- ing 11, Sii schools, and employing 21,776 teachers. The average monthly pay of male teachers was $32.50, and of female teachers $27.25. There were 594,730 persons of school age, of whom 431,- 513 were enrolled in the public schools. The average cost of tuition for each pupil per month was $1.62. The expenditures for all school purposes was $5,129,819.49. The permanent school fund is now $3,547,123.82, on which the income for 1881 was $234,622.40. HISTORY OF IOWA.. 227 In each connty a teachers' institute is held annunlly, under the direction of the county superintendent. The State contributes $50 annually to each of these institutes. Good as the public-school system is, there is ranch room for im- provement, and certain reforms are everywhere called for. Among the changes needed are the revision and simplification of the school law, the establishment of county high schools, of which there is bnt one at present, and provision by the Assembly for more State nor- mal schools. HIGHER EDUCATION. Besides the State University, State Agricultural College and State Normal School, which are described under the head of State Institutions, ample provision for liigher education has been made by the different religious denominations, assisted by local and individual munificence. There are, exclusive of State Institutions, 23 universities and colleges, 111 academies and other private schools. All these are in active operation, and most of them stand high. A list of the universities and colleges, and brief notice of each, is herewith given: Amity College is located at College Springs, Page County; S. C. Marshall is president. There are six instructors and 225 students. Burlington University is located at Burlington, Des Moines County. E. F. Stearns is president of the faculty. There are five instructors and 63 students. Gallanan College is located at Des Moines, Polk County. There are 14 in the faculty, of which C. R. Pomeroy is president, and 188 students enrolled. Central University is located at Pella, Marion County. It is an institution of the Baptist denomination. Rev. G. W. Gardner is president of the faculty, which numbers seven. There are 196 students. Coe College is located at Cedar Rapids, Linn County. S. Phelps is president. There are 10 in the faculty, and 100 students. Cornell College is located at Mt. Vernon, Linn County, and is under the control of the M. E. Church. W. F. King is president. There are 20 instructors and 400 students. This college is one of the highest in character, and has a large attendance. Brake University is located at Des Moines, Polk County. G. T. Carpenter is president, and is ably assisted by 25 instructors. There are 125 students. 228 HISTOET OF IOWA. Oriawold College is located at Davenport, Scott County, and is tinder the control of the Episcopal Church. W. S. Perry is presi- dent. There are seven instructors and 80 students. Iowa College is located at Grinnell, Poweshiek County. G. F. Magoun is president. There are 14 instructors and 359 students. The institution is one of the leading colleges in Iowa, and is perma- nently endowed. Iowa Wesleyan University is located at Mt. Pleasant, Henry County. W.J. Spaulding is president. There are six in the faculty, and over 160 students in attendance. The University is under the auspices of the M. E. Church, and enjoys a high degree of prosperity. Luther College is situated in Decorah, Winneshiek County. L. Larson is president of the faculty, which numbers 10. There are 165 students in attendance. Oliyi College is located at Olin, Jones County. C. L. Porter is president. Oskaloosa College is situated at Oskaloosa, Mahaska County. G. H. McLaughlin is president. The faculty numbers five, and the students 190. The college stands very high. Penn College is situated in Oskaloosa, Mahaska County. B. Trueblood is president of the faculty, which numbers five. There are 175 students in attendance. Simpson Centenary College is located at Indianola, Warren County. E. L. Parks is president. There are nine instructors and 150 students. Tabor College is located at Tabor, Fremont County. Wm. M. Brooks is president. The college was modeled after Oberlin Col- lege, in Ohio. The faculty consists of six, and there are 109 stu- dents. Upper Iowa University is located at Fayette, Fayette County, and is under the control of the M. E. Church. Rev. J. W. Bis- sell is president. There are 11 instructors and 350 students. This University stands very high among the educational institutions of the State. University of Des Moines, at Des Moines, has five instructors and 80 students. Whittier College was established at Salem, Henry County, by the Friends. J. W. Coltrane is president. There are four instruct- ors and 105 students. Riverside Institute. This school is located at Lyons, on a beautiful elevation overlooking the Mississippi River, and is one of the most sensible schools in the West, special care being taken HISTOET OF IOWA. of the health and physical development of the pupils. To Rev. W. T. Currie is due the credit of establishing and giving prosper- ity to this academy. MISCELLANEOUS. EMINENT MEN OF IOWA. "We present biographical sketches of several of Iowa's most emi- nent statesmen, which doubtless will prove interesting to every citizen of this State. William B. Allison was born at Perry, Ohio, March 2, 1829; studied law and practiced in Ohio until he removed to Iowa, in 1857 ; served on the staff of the governor of Iowa, and aided in organizing volunteers in the beginning of the war for the suppres- sion of the Rebellion ; was elected a representative from Iowa in the 38th Congress, as a Republican, receiving 12,112 votes against 8,452 votes for Maliony, Democrat; was re-elected to the 39th Con- gress, receiving 16,130 votes against 10,470 votes for B. B. Richards, Democrat ; was re-elected to the 40th Congress, receiving 15,472 votes against 10,470 votes for Noble, Democrat ; was re-elected to the 41st Congress, receiving 20,119 votes against 14,120 votes for Mills, Democrat, and 149 votes for Thomas, Independent, serving in the House ot Representatives from Dec. 7, 1863, to March 3, 1871 ; was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican, to succeed James Harlan, Republican, and took his seat March 4, 1873. Cj/rus Clay Carpenter was born in Hartford Township, Sus- quehanna Co., Pa., Nov. 24, 1829. His father and mother died when he was quite young, and at the age of 12 years he found himself alone in the world, and destitute. He first attempted to learn the trade of clothier, bat not liking this, he quit after a few months and spent the next few years on a farm. He spent each winter in school. At the age of 18 he commenced teaching school, and for the ne.xt four years divided his time between teach- ing and attending the academ}' in Hartford. He then left his na- tive State for Ohio, where he engaged in teaching for one and a half years, and working in summer on a farm. In 1854 he turned his face westward, stopping at various points in Illinois and Iowa, and finally reached Fort Dodge, where he found employment as assistant to a Government surveyor, in divid- 230 HISTOKY OF IOWA. ing townships immediately west of the Fort. His entire worldly possessions at this time were contained in a carpet-sack which he carried in his hand. After working a short time at surveying and teaching school, he opened a land-ofSce, and in platting and surveying lands for those seeking homes he found constant and profitable employment for the next three years. During this time he became extensively known, and being an active Republican, he was elected to the Leg- islature in the fall of 1857. His district then comprised 19 counties, which he represented during the following legislative term, being the first session held in Des Moines after the removal of the capital from Iowa City. In 1861, on the breaking out of the Rebellion, he volunteered his services, and he steadily rose from commissary to Brevet Colonel, with which rank he was mustered out at the close of the war. In the fail of 1866 he was elected Register of the State Land Office, which required his removal to Des Moines. He was re- elected in 1868. In 1870 he refused a renomination, and returned to Fort Dodge. In the fall of 1871 he was elected Governor of Iowa, which office he filled for four years. Gov. Carpenter's services as public speaker and orator have been widely sought after and highly appreciated, and he has made him- self one of Iowa's most popular men. In 1878 he was elected to the 46th Congress from his district, in 1880 he was re-elected, and he now sits in the 47tli Congress. Chester Cicero Cole was born in Oxford, Chenango Co., N. T., June 4,1824, and in that place he passed the earlier portion of his life. He received a good academic education, and at the age of 18 was prepared to enter the junior class in Union College; but from this he was prevented by a severe and protracted illness. Four years later he entered the law school at Harvard University, where he received a thorough legal training. June 24, 1848, he married Amanda M. Bennett, and soon after he located in Marion, Ky., where he commenced the practice of his chosen profession. His rise was rapid and he soon acquired a lucra- tive practice. In May, 1857, Judge Cole came to Des Moines, Iowa, where he has since resided, and practiced for some time with his usual suc- cess. Two years later he was a candidate for Judge of the Supreme Court on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated. kiSTORT OF IOWA. 231 At the beginning of the war he took a firm stand on the side of the Government, and liencc naturally found his alliance with the Republican party. During the war he lent his whole energies to rallying the people to the Union cause. In the campaign of 1863 he contributed powerfullj' to the election of William M. Stone as Governor of Iowa. He was probably the first prominent man in Iowa to advocate openly negro suflVage. In December, 1S63, Judge Cole took an active part in the estab- lishment of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, of which he was first a Trustee and then President. His administration was most suc- cessful. In February, 186-t, he was appointed one of the Judges of the Supreme Court, and in the following fall was elected to the same position by over 40,000 majority. To this position he was re-elected iu 1870. Since then he has edited the Western Jurist, and sev- eral volumes of Reports. Few men have contributed more to the welfare of Iowa than Judge Cole. Augustus C. Dodge was born at St. Genevieve, Mo., Jan. 2, 1812; received a public-school education; removed to Burlington, Iowa, and was Register of the land-office there from 1838 to 1840; was elected a delegate from Iowa in the 2(;th Congress as a Democrat; was re-elected to the 27th, 28th and 29th Congresses, serving from Dec. 8, 1840, to March 3, 1847; was elected U. S. Senator from Iowa on its admission as a State, serving from Dec. 26, 1848, to his resigna- tion, Feb. 8, 1855; was appointed by President Pierce Minister to Spain, serving from Feb. 9, 1855, to March 12, 1859; was a dele- sate to the National Democratic Convention at Chicago in 1864; was elected Mayor of Burlington on an Independent ticket Feb- 2, 1864. James W. Grimes, L. L. D., was born in Deering, Ilillsboro Co., N. H., Oct. 20, 1816; was the youngest of eight children, and of Scotch-Irish extraction; entered Dartmouth College in August, 1832, and commenced the study of law in February, 1835, with James Walker, at Peterboro, N". H. ; settled at Burlington (now iu Iowa, then in the "Black Hawk purchase," which was attached to the Territory of Michigan) May, 1836, and engaged in the practice of law, 12 years; was partner with Henry W. Starr. His public ser- vice was as secretary to an Indian commission held at Rock Island, Sept. 27, 1836; was a Representative of Des Moines County in 1838 and in 1843 in the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Iowa, and in 1852 in the General Assembly of the State; was one of the 232 HI8T0ET OF IOWA. founders of the Republican party and earnestly opposed tlie repeal of the Missouri Compromise; was chosen Governor in August, 1854, for the term of four years, having been nominated for the of- fice at the last State Convention of the "Whig party ever held in Iowa, and also by the Free-Soil Democracy. By the eifect of a new constitution his tenure of office terminated in January, 1858, when he was chosen U. S. Senator from March 4, 1859; in January, 1864, was chosen for a second term; resigned in August, 1869, owing to failing health. He first suggested to the Senate the introduction of iron-clad vessels into the navy, July 19, 1861. He died suddenly of heart disease at Burlington, Iowa, Feb. 7, 1872. James Harlan was born in Clarke Co., 111., Aug. 26, 1820; re- ceived a classical education, graduating at the Asbury University, Indiana; studied law; was the Iowa State Superintendent of Pub- lic Instruction in 1847; was President of the "Wesleyan University, Iowa, in 1848; was elected as U. S. Senator from Iowa as a Wiiig, in May, 1855, and his seat having been declared vacant on the ground of an informality in his election, he was again elected in 1856 for the remainder of the term; was re-elected in 1860; in 1865 he entered the cabinet as Secretary of the Interior, and resigned in September, 1866, having been re-elected to the U. S. Senate as a Republican, to succeed S. J. Kirkwood, Republican, and serving from September, 1866, to March 3, 1873. Stephen Hempstead was born at New London, Conn., Oct. 1, 1812. At the age of 16 he removed to St. Louis with his parents and brothers. In the spring of 1830 he went to Galena, where he was clerk in a commission house. He was there during the Sac and Fo.k war, and was an oflicer in an artillery company organized for the protection of that place. After the defeat of Black Hawk he spent two years as a student in Illinois College, at Jacksonville. He then studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1836. He was the first lawyer to practice in Dubuque. Upon the organization of Iowa into a Territory, Mr. Hempstead was elected as a member of the Legislative Council, in which he was chairman of the committee on judiciary. At the second session of the Council he was elected President thereof. He was also President of the Council in 1845. In 1844 he was elected one of the delegates to the first Constitu- tional Convention. In 1848 he was one of the Commissioners appointed to revise the laws of Iowa, which revision was adopted as the " Code of Iowa," in 1851. HISTORY OF IOWA. 233 In 1850 he was elected Governor of the State, and served in that capacity for four years. In 1855 he was elected County Judge of Dubuque County, and held this office for 12 years, when he was forced to retire on account of ill health. James B. Howell was born in New Jersey, July 4, 1816 ; re- moved to Newark, Lickin<^ Co., Ohio, in 1819 ; graduated at Miami University, Ohio, in 1837; studied law with H. II. Hunter, of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1839; moved to Iowa in 181:1, and settled at Keosauqua, where he practiced law several years ; in 1845 he purchased tiie Whig paper, and has ever since been engaged in the newspaper business, removing to Keokuk in 1849, where in 1854 he started "The Daily Whig," afterward changing tlie name to "The Daily Gate City ;"' took a prominent part in organizing the Republican party in Iowa in 1855 ; was a delegate to the Fremont Convention in 1856, and has since taken an active part in the politics of Iowa ; was elected a U. S. Senator from Iowa as a Republican, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of James W. Grimes, and served from Jan. 26, 1870, to March 3, 1871. George W. Jones was born at Vincennes, Indiana ; received a classical education, graduating at Transylvania University, Ken- tucky, in 1825 ; studied law ; was admitted to the bar, but was prevented by ill health from practicing ; was Clerk of the United States Court in Missouri in 1826 ; served as an aide-de-camp to Gen. Henry Dodge in the Black Hawk war ; removed to Wiscon- sin Territory and settled at Sinsinawa Mound; was Judge of the County Court ; was Colonel and subsequently Major-General of militia ; was elected a delegate from Wisconsin Territory in the 24th Congress as a Democrat; was re-elected to the 25th Congress, serving from Dec. 7, 1835, to 1837, when his seat was success- fully contested by James Duane Doty, Whig ; was appointed Sur- veyor-General of the Northwest Territory by President Van Buren; was removed by President Harrison, and re-appointed by President Polk; was elected U. S. Senator from Iowa, and re-elected, serving from Dec. 26, 184S, to March 3, 1859; was Minister Resident to the United States of Colombia March 8, 1859, to Nov. 4, 1861 ; on his return to the United States he was charged with disloyalty and imprisoned at Fort Warren ; resided at Dubuque ; became interested in agriculture and purchased a farm. John A. Kasson was born in Charlotte, Vt., Jan. 11, 1822. His father died when he was only six years old, and thus he began early to learn the lesson of self reliance. He took a course in the 234: HISTOEY OF IOWA. State University at Burlington, graduating in 1842. He immedi- ately took up tlie study of law, and was finally admitted to prac- tice in the courts of Massachusetts. After spending a year in the office of Timothy Coffin, he formed a partnership with Thomas D. Elliott, afterward for many years a member of Congress. After five years of practice he decided to come "West. At St. Louis he spent one year in the law office of Hon. Joseph Crockett, and then opened an office alone. He speedily acquired large and lucrative practice. In 1857 he established himself at Des Moines, Iowa, where his ability and reputation soon brought him a large practice. In 1858 he was appointed chairman of the Eepublican State Central Com- mittee. In 1860 he was a delegate from Iowa to the National Eepublican Convention at Chicago, which nominated Abraham Lincoln. After the convention he took the stump in Illinois and Iowa. In 1861, at the request of Senator Grimes and others, he was appointed First Assistant Postmaster General. While holding this office, he was tendered a nomination to Congress fi-om the Fifth Congressional District of Iowa, which he accepted. He was elected, by 3,000 majority, to the 38th Congress. He was re- elected to the 39th Congress, and barely defeated for the 40th. He then went abroad to negotiate postal treaties with various countries. During his absence he was elected to the General Assembly of his State. In 1872 he was re-elected to Congress, and he has ably repre- sented Iowa in that body since with the exception of two terms. He is now in the 47th Congress. He has always been an active worker, and has been talked of for Speaker of the House of Rep- resentatives. Samuel J. Kirhwood was born in Hartford Co., Md., Dec 20, 1813 ; received a limited education at the Academy of John McLeod, in Washington City ; removed to Eichland Co., Ohio, in 1835, and studied law there ; was admitted to the bar in 1843 ; was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1845, and again in 1847 ; was in 18501851 a member of the convention that fi-amed the present Constitution of the State of Ohio ; removed to Johnson Co., Iowa, in 1855 ; was elected to the State Senate in 1856 ; was elected Governor in 1859, and again in 1861; was in 1863 nominated by President Lincoln and confirmed as Minister to Denmark, but HISTORY OF IOWA. 235 declined the appointment ; was elected TJ. S. Senator from Iowa as a Republican in place of James Uarlan, resigned, serving from Jan. 24, 1S66, to March 3, 1867 ; was again elected Governor of Iowa in 1875 ; was again elected a Senator from Iowa, serving from March 4, IS 77. His term of service will expire March 3, 1883. Samuel Merrill was born in Turner, Oxford Co., Maine, Aug. 7, 1822. At the age of 16 he moved with his parents to Buxton, where his time was mostly engaged in teaching or at- tending school until his majority. He taught in the sunny South for a short time, and then returned to Vermont, where he farmed for several years. In 1847 he moved to Tanworth, N. H., where lie engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1856 he turned westward, and settled at McGregor, Iowa, where he established a branch mercantile house of his firm. His business rapidly grew into an extensive wholesale house. He had served two terms in the Legislature of New Hampshire, and in 1860 he was elected to the Assembly of Iowa. In 1862 he was commissioned as Colonel of the 21st Infantry, and he served bravely until a wound compelled him to resign, in June, 1864. He was unable to attend to his private affairs for many months. In the tall of 1S67 he was elected Governor of Iowa, and this position he held for two terms, till 1872. He has served always most acceptably and is a very popular man. He delivered the address when the corner-stone of the new capitol was laid. James B. 'Weaver was born at Dayton, Ohio, June 12, 1833. He received a common-school education and then studied law with Hon. S. G. McAckrau, of Bloomtield, from 1853 to 1856. He graduated at the Cincinnati Law School in April, 1856, and has since been engaged in the practice of law. Immediately after the breaking out of hostilities, in April, 1861 he enlisted as a private in the Second Iowa Infantry. He served faitlifully throughout the war, and was rewarded with rapid pro- motions. He was First Lieutenant of Comjjany G of his regiment, and was promoted Major, Oct. 3, 1862. Oct. 12 of the same year, he was commissioned Colonel of his regimtnt, the colonel and lieutenant-colonel having both been killed at the battle of Cor- inth, Miss. He was breveted Brigadier-General of volunteere, to date from March 13, 1864, for gallantry on the field. 236 HISTOEY OF IOWA. In October, i866, he was electedDistrict Attorney of the Second Judicial District of Iowa, In January of the following year, he was appointed United States Assessor of Internal Revenue, for the First District of Iowa, which office he held for six years, when it was abolished by law. He was elected to the 46th Congress as a member of the National Greenback party, receiving 16,366 votes against 14,308 votes for E. S. Sampson, Republican. Gen. Weaver has worked earnestly for his party, and in 1880, was its Presidential candidate. George G. Wright was born at Bloouiington, Ind., March 24, 1820 ; was educated at private schools, and graduated at the State University of Indiana in 1839; read law with his brother, Joseph Wright, at Rockville, Ind.; removed to Iowa, in October, 1840, and commenced practice; served as Prosecuting Attorney in 1847- '8; was elected to the State Senate of Iowa in 1849, and served two terms; in 1854, was chosen Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, and was elected to the same bench by the people (owing to a change in the State Constitution) in 1860, and again in 1865; was a professor in the law department of the State University six years, commencing in 1865; was elected a United States Senator from Iowa, as a Republican, to succeed James B. Howell, Republi- can, who had been elected to till the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of James W. Grimes, and served from March 4, 1871> to March 3, 1877. FINANCIAL. Iowa has no State debt. Whatever obligations have been in- curred in the past have been promptly met and fully paid. Many of the counties are in debt, but only four of them to an amount exceeding $100,000 each. The bonded debt of the counties amounts in the aggregate to $2,592,222, and the floating debt, $153,456; total, $2,745,678. HISTORY OF IOWA. CENSUS OF IOWA. 237 COUNTIES. 1840. 1850. 1860. 1870. 1880. 984 1,533 13,337 11,931 454 8,496 8,244 4,i32 4,915 7,906 57 3,724 147 281 1,612 13,949 940 58 4,336 5,427 52 30,728 18,938 383 5,344 13,764 8,677 11,034 19,611 180 31,164 105 12,073 3,744 1,309 5,074 1,374 793 3,058 1,699 179 5,440 3,621 18,701 3,168 332 43 8,029 18.493 9 883 15,038 17,573 13,306 13,271 416 29,232 18,947 3,983 4,614 17,868 16,456 1,212 32,454 21,706 14,584 12,528 17,034 1,.585 9,951 1,602 2,451 5,464 19,731 4,722 1,967 10,180 8,735 1,523 27,771 35,357 3,530 12,019 15,565 12,018 17,432 27,256 1,389 38,969 1,392 16.973 10,768 4,738 11,174 4,627 6,399 7,061 6,055 999 13.684 8,931 21,463 6,283 3,596 226 16,664 22,619 22,116 17,839 24.898 19,731 19,434 3,351 37,210 28,852 11,199 11,188 Allamakee 777 3,131 19,791 Appanoose 16,636 7,448 672 135 735 34,888 Black Hawk 23,913 20,838 Bremer 14,081 UiK'hanan 517 18,547 Buena Vista . ... 7,537 14,293 Butler (>allioiiD 5,595 Carroll 12,351 16,943 Cedar 1,253 3,941 18 937 11,461 Cherokee 8 240 14 534 Clarke 709 11,513 4,348 38,829 36,764 12,413 Clav 1,101 821 3,873 3,823 Clinton 854 7,264 965 1,759 12,988 18,746 16,408 15 336 Delaware 168 5,577 17 9.52 33,099 Dickinsoii 1,901 3,059 10,841 42,997 Emmett 1550 825 23 258 Floyd 14.677 10,248 17,653 1,244 Greene 13 725 Grundy 13,639 14,863 Hamilton 11,353 3 453 17 SOS 16 649 Henn* 3,772 8,707 20,826 10,837 6 341 Humboldt 4,383 19,221 ai 771 " 1,411 832 7,310 1,280 9,904 4,472 3,007 4,822 25 962 Jefferson 2,773 1,49! 471 17,478 25 429 21,052 31 259 6179 Lee 6,093 1,373 18,861 5,444 34 859 Linn 37,'235 238 HISTORY OF IOWA. CENSUS OF IOWA CONTINUED. COUNTIES. 1840. 1850. 1860. 1870. 13,877 10,388 221 13,884 22,508 34,436 17,576 8,718 9,583 3,654 13,734 5,934 31,688 715 1880. Louisa 1,927 4,939 471 10,870 5,766 13,146 14,530 1 968 Lyon . . Madison 1,179 5,989 5,483 338 7,339 14,816 16,813 6,015 4,481 3,409 833 8,612 1,256 16,444 8 17,325 Maliaska 35 301 Marion 25,111 23,752 Mills 14,135 Mitchell 14 861 9,055 Monroe 2,884 13,719 1.5,895 Muscatine 1,942 5,731 23,168 O'Brien 4,1.55 2,319 Page 551 4,419 132 148 103 11,625 4,968 5,668 3,933 346 35,959 818 10 4,051 5,385 3,590 3,013 17,081 14,518 10,281 14,335 6,409 2,504 168 13,943 1,119 756 653 9,975 1,386 2,199 1,446 27,8.57 16,893 15,581 5,691 1,411 38,509 3,549 570 11,651 16,131 6,989 5,986 17,673 22,346 17,980 18,952 11,287 10,484 1,563 33,570 6,173 3,893 2,392 19,667 Palo Alto 4,131 Plymouth 8,567 Pocahoutaa 3,713 Polk 4,513 7,838 615 42,395 Pottawattamie 39,846 18,936 12 085 Sac 8,774 Scott 2,140 5,986 41,370 Shelby 13,696 Sioux 5,426 Story Tama 16 966 8 204 31, .585 Taylor 15,635 14,980 Van Buren 6,146 13,370 8,471 961 4,957 340 17,043 25,282 19,.578 Washington Wayne 1,594 20,375 16,127 15,950 Winnebaffo 4,917 AVinnp'^hiek 546 23,937 14,997 -^ Worth 7,953 Wright . 5,062 Total 43,112 192,314 674,913 1,191,793 1,634,463 CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES. As might be expected, the census of every State in the Union shows an increase of population, as well as industries, agricultural and mineral resources, benevolent and educational institutions, etc., to the present time. We present in the following table the number HI8T0EY OF IOWA. 239 of inhabitants in each State, and also the area and population per square mile : STATES. POP. IN 1880. SQUARE MILES. 1,262 344 50,722 S02.rM 52,198 8(J4,(i80 188,981 iy4,(i4!) 104,.500 622. f)8.'? 4,674 140,054 2.120 206,.')66 59,268 1, 538,983 58,000 3,078,036 55,410 1,978,3,58 33,809 1,024,403 55,045 995,335 81,318 1,048,599 37,600 940.203 41,346 048,94.5 31,776 935,139 11,184 1,783,080 7,800 1,034,090 56,451 780,807 83,.531 1,131.899 47,756 21 09,09 1 65,350 452,432 75,995 62,205 112,090 347,784 9,280 1,130,892 8,320 5,083,173 47.000 1,400,000 50,704 3,197,794 39,964 174,707 95,244 4,282,738 46,000 270,528 1,306 995,700 29,385 1,. 542, 403 45,600 1,597,5(19 237,504 332,2,S0 10,212 1,512,203 40,904 618,193 23,000 1,315,386 53.924 49,369,965 1,950,171 POP. PEE SQ. MILK. Alabama Arkansas Oaliloniia , Colorado Connecticut Dehuvare Florida Oeoraia. .- , lllhiois Indiana , Iowa , Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Mabsachuselts.. . Michigan Minnesota , Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada Now Hampshire. New Jersey. . .. New York Noith Carolina.. Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania.. . . Rhode Island.. . . South Carolina. . Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia. . . Wisconsin Total , 25 13K 133 73 26>^ 56 58 30 12ii 43 23 20 85 229 29 9 34 33 6 H 39 141 108 80 m 93 213 33 34 67^ 33 36H 27 34 CKNSOS OF THE TEERITOKIES. TEKKITORIES. Arizona Dakota District of Columbia . . Idaho Montana New Mexico Utah Washington Wyoming Total POP. IN 1880. 40,441 134.502 177,038 32,011 39,157 118,430 143,907 75,120 20,788 782,504 SQUARE MILES. 113,916 147,490 60 90,932 143,770 121,201 80.056 69 944 93,107 965,032 240 HISTOEY OF IOWA. TEEBITORIAL OFFICERS. Govenors. — Robert Lucas, 1838-'41; John Chamber, 184:l-'5; James Clark, 1845. Secretaries. — Wm. B. Conway, 1838, died 1839; James Clark, 1839-'41; O. H. "W. Stull, ISil-'B; Samuel J. Burr, 1843-'5; Jesse Williams, 1845. Auditors.— i^i.&'i. Williams, 1840-'3; William L. Gilbert, lS43-'5; Eobert M. Secrest, 1845. Treasurers. — Thornton Baylie, 1839-'40; Morgan Eeno, 1840. Judges. — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838; Joseph Williams, 183S; Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. Presidents of Council. — Jesse B. Brown, 1838-'9; Stephen Hempstead, 1839-'40; M. Bainridge, 1840-'l; J. W. Parker, 1841-'2; John D. Elbert, 1842-'3; Thomas Cox, 1843-'4; S. Clinton Hasting, 1845; Stephen Hempstead, 1845-'6. Speakers of the House. — William H. Wallace, 1838-'9; Edward, Johnson, 1839-'40; Thomas Cox, 1840-'l; Warner Lewis, 1841-'2; James M. Morgan, 184ii-'3; James P. Carleton, 1843-'4; James M. Morgan, 1845; George W. McLeary, 1845-'6. STATE OFFICERS. GOVEENOES. Ansel Briggs, 1846.'50. Stephen Hemstead, 1850- '54. James W. Grimes, 1854-'58. Ralph P. Lowe, 1858-'60. Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1860-'64. William M. Stone, 1864-'68. Samuel Morrill, 1868-'72. Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872-76. Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1876-'77. J. G. Newbold, 1877-'78. John H. Gear, 1878-'82. Buren R. Sherman, 1882. LIEUTENANT-GOVEENOES. Oran Faville, 1858-'60. Nicholas J. Rusch, 1860-'62. John R. Needham, 1862-'64. Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-'66. Benjamin F. Gue, 1866-'68. John Scott, 1868-'70. M. M. Walden, 1870-'72. H. C. Bulls, 1872-'74. Joseph Dysart, 1874-'76. Joshua G. Newbold, 1876-'78. Frank T. Campbell, 1878-'82. Orlando H. Manning, 1882. This office was created by the new constitution Sept. 3, 1857. JUerOKT OF IOWA. 8ECRKTARIE8 OF STATE. 241 Elisha Cutter, Jr., 1846-'48 Joseph H. Bonney, 184:8-'50. George W. McCleary, 1850-'56. Elijah Sells, 1856-'63. James Wright, 1863-'67. Ed. Wright, 1867-'73. Josiah T. Young, 1873-'79. J. A. T. Hull, 1879. AunrroRs of state. Joseph T. Fales, 1846-'50. WMlii.u Pattee, 1860-'54. Andrew J. Stevens, 185-l:-'55. John Pattee, 1855-'o9. Jonathan W. Cattell, 1859-65. John A. Elliott, 18«5-'71. John Russell, 1871-76. Buren R. Sherman, 1875-'81. Wm. Y. Lucas, 1881. TREASURERS OF STATE. Morgan Reno, 1846- '50. Israel Kister, 1850-'52. Martin L. Morris, 1852-'59. John W. Jones, 1859-'63. William fl. Holmes, 1863-'67. Samuel E. Rankin, 1867-'73. William Christy, 1873-'77, George W. Berais, 1877-'81. Edwin H. Conger, 1881. ATTORNEY-GENERALS. David 0. Cloud, 1853-'56. Samuel A. Rice, 1856-'60. Charles C. Nourse, 1860-'64. Isaac L. Allen, 1865-'66. Frederick E, Bissell, 1866-'67. Henry O'Connor, 1867-'72. Marcena E. Cutts, l872-'76. John F. McJunkin. I877-'81. Smith McPherson, ISSI. ADJUTANT-GENERALS. Daniel S. Lee, 1851-'55. George W. McCleary, 1855-'57. Elijah Sells. 1857. Jesse Bowen, 1857-'61. Nathaniel Baker, lS61-'77. John H. Looby, 1877-'78. W. L. Alexander, 1878. REGISTERS OK THE STATE LAND-OFFICE. Anson Hart, 1855-'57. Theodore S. Parvin, 1857-'59. Amos B. Miller, 1859-"62. Edwin Mitchell, 1862-'63. Josiah A. Harvey. 1863-'67. 15 Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1867-'71. Aaron Brown, 1871-'75. David Secor, 187o.'79. J. K. Powers, 1879. HISTORY OF IOWA. 8UPEBINTENDENTB OF PPBLIC INSTEUCTION. James Harlan, 1847-'48. Thos. H.Benton, Jr., 1848-'54. James D. Eads, 1854:-'57. Joseph C. Stone, 1867. Maturin L. Fisher, 1857-'58. Oran Faville, 1864-'67. This office was created in 18'l-7 and abolished in 1858, and the duties then devolved upon the secretary of the Board ot Education; it was re-created Marcli 23, 1864. D. Franklin Wells, 1867-'68. A. S. Kissell, 1868-'72. Alonzo Abernethy, 1872-'76. Carl W. Van Coelen, 18'76-'82. John W. Akers, 1882. STATE PEINTEES. Garrett D. Palmer and George Paul, 1849-'51. William H. Merritt, 1851-'53 William A. Hornish, 1853. Dennis A. Mahonej and Jo- seph B. Dorr, 1853-'55. Peter Moriarty, 1855-'57. John Teesdale, 1857-'61. Francis W. Palmer, 1861 -'69- Frank M. Mills, 1869-'71. G. W. Edwards, 187l-'73. Rich. P. Clarkson, 1873-'79. Frank M. Mills, 1879. STATE BINDERS. William M. Coles, 1855-'58. Frank M. Mills, lS58-'67. James S. Carter, 1867-71. J. J. Smart, 1871 -^o. H. A. Perkins, 1875-79. Matt. Parrott, 1879. SECRETARIES OF BOARD OF EDUCATION. T. H. Benton, jr., 1859-'63. | Oran Faville, 1863-'64. This office was abolished March 23, 1864. PRESIDENTS OF THK SENATE. Thomas Baker, 1846-'47. Wm. E. Leffingwell, 1851-'53. Thomas Hughes, lS47-'48. Maturin L. Fisher, 1853-'55. John J. Selman, 1848-'49. Wm. W. Hamilton, 1855-'57- Enos Lowe, 1849-'41. Under the new constitution the Lieut. Governor is President of the Senate. HIBTOKT OF IOWA. S43 SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE. Jesse B. Brown, 1846-'48. Smiley H. Bonham, lS48-'50. George Temple, 1850-'52. James Grant, 1852-'54. Reuben Noble, 1854-'o6. Samuel Mc Farland, lS56-'57. Stephen B. Sheledy, 1857-'59. John Edwards, 1859-'61. Rush Clark, 1861-'63. Jacob Butler, 1863-'65. Ed. Wright, 1865-'67. John Russell, 1867-'69. Aylett R. Cotton, 1809-'71. James Wilson, 1871-'73. John H. Gear, 1873-77. John Y. Stone, 1877-79. Lore Altbrd, 1880-'81, G. R. Struble, 1882. CHIEF .JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COUBT. Charles Mason, 1847. Joseph Williams, 1S47-'4S. S. Clinton Hastings, 1848-'49. Joseph Williams, lS49-'55. George G. Wright, 1855-'60. Ralph P. Lowe, 1860-'62. Caleb Baldwin, 1862-'64. George G. Wright, 1864-'66. Ralph P. Lowe, 1866-'68. John F. Dillon, 1868-70. Chester C. Cole, 1870-71. James G. Day, 1871-72. Joseph M. Beck, 1872-74. W. £. Miller, 1874-76. Chester C. Cole, 1876. Wm. H. Seevers, 1876-77. James G. Day, 1877-'7S. James H. Rothrock, 1878-79. Joseph M. Beck, 1879-80. Austin Adams, 1880-'82. Wm. H. Seevers, 1SS2. ASSOCIATE JUSTICES. Joseph Williams, held over from Territorial government un- til a successor was appointed. Thomas S. Wilson, 1847. John F. Kinney, 1847-'54. George Greeno, 1847-'55. Jonathan C. Hall, lS54-'.55. William G. Woodward, 1855. Norman W. Isbell, 1855-'56. Lacon D. Stockton, 1856-'60. Caleb Baldwin, 1860-'64. Ralph P. Lowe, 1860. George G. Wright, I860. John F. Dillon, 1864-70. Chester C. Cole, 186^-77. Joseph M. Beck, 1868. W. E. Miller, 1870. James G. Day, 1870. UNITED STATES SENATORS. Augustus C. Dodge, 1848-'55. George W. Jones, 1848 -'69. James B. Howell, 1870. George G. Wright, 1871-77. Mi meroBY of iowa- James Harlan, 1855-'65. James W. Grimes, 1859-'69. Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1866. James Harlan, 1867-'73. William B. Allison, 1873-'79. Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1877-'81. Wm. B. Allison, 1879.. James W. Mc Dill, 1881. MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF KEPRESENTATIVE8. 1846-'47.— S. Clinton Hast- ings, Siiepherd Leffler. 1847-'49.— Wm. Thompson, Shepiierd Leffler. 1849-'51.— Wm. Thompson, Dan.F. Miller, Shepherd Leffler. 1851-'53.— B. Henn, Lincoln Clark. lS53-'55.— Bernhart Henn, John P. Cook. 1855-'57.— Aug. Hall, Jas. Thorington. 1857-'59.— Samuel R. Curtis, Timothy Davis. 1859-'61.— Samuel R Curtis, William Vandever. 1861-'63.— Samuel R. Curtis, J. F. Wilson, Wm. Vandever. lS63-'6.5.— James F. Wilson, Hiram Price, Wm. B. Allison, J. B. Grinnell, John A. Kasson, Asahel W. Hubbard. 1865-'67.— James F. Wilson, Hiram Price, William B. Alii- son, Josiah B. Grinnell, John A. Kasson, Asahel W. Hubbard. 1867-'69.— Jas. F. Wilson, Hi ram Price, William B. Allison, William Luughbridare, Grenville M. Dodge, Asahel W. Hubbard. 1869-'71.— George W. McCra- ry, William Smyth (died Sept. 30, 1870, and succeeded by Wm. P. Wolf), William B. Allison, William Loughbridge, Frank W. Palmer, Charles Pomeroy. 1871-'73.— Geo. W. McCrary, Ayiett R. Cotton, W. G. Don- nan, Madison M. Walden, Frank W. Palmer, Jackson Orr. 1873-'75.— Geo. W. McCrary, Ayiett R. Cotton, W. G. Don- nan, Henry 0. Pratt, James Wilson, William Loughbridge, John A. Kasson, James W. Mc- Diil, Jackson Orr. lS75-'77.— Geo.W. McCrary, John Q. Tufts, L. L. Ainsworth, Henry O. Pratt, James Wilson, Ezekiel S. Sampson, John A. Kasson, James W. McOiil, Ad- dison Oliver. 1877— '79.-J. C. Stone. Hiram Price, T. W. Burdick, N. C. Deeriug, Rush Clark, E. S. Sampson, H. J. B. Cummings W. F. Sapp, Addison Oliver. 1879-'81.— Moses A. MeCoid, Hiram Price. Thonuis Upde- ofraff, N. C. Deerinsf, Rush Clark (died in May, 1878, and succeeded by Wm. G. Thomp- son), J. B. Weaver, E. H. Gil- lette, W. F. Sapp, Cyrus C. Car- penter. 1881-'S:3.— M. A. McCoid, S. S. Farwel!, Thomas Updegraff, N. C. Deering, AV. G. Thompson, M. E. Cutts, John A. Kasson. W. P. Hepburn, C.C. Carpenter. HISTORY OF KnVA. 245 PRESENT STATE OFFICERS. Governor, Biiren R. Sherman. Secretary, Jolin A. T. Hull. Deputy Secretary, Wm. T. Ilainmond. Auditor, Win. V. Lucas. Deputy Auditor, Riifus L. Chase. Book-keeper. L. E. Ay res. Treasurer, Edwin H. Conger. Deputy Treasurer, C. R. Cliase. Register Land.Office^ Jas. K. Powers. Deputy Register, John M. Davis. Suft. Pub. Inst., John W. Akers. Printer, Frank M. Mills. Binder, Matt. Parrott. Adjutant-General. W. L. Alexander. Snp''t. Weights and Measures^ Prof. N. R. Leonard. Librarian, Mrs. S. B. Maxwell. Assistant Librarian., Jessie Maxwell. SUPREME COURT. Wm. H. Seevers, Chief Justice, Oskaloosa. James G. Daj', Sidney. 1 James 11. Rothrock, Tipton. i T Hw "^ Joseph M. Beck, Fort Madison j ^ Austin Adams, Dubuque. J Smith McPherson, Att'y Gen., Red Oak. E. J. Holmes, Clerk, Des Moines. John S. Runiitlls, Reporter, Des Moines. VIEW ON THE DES MOINES RIVER. / /■ h HISTORY OF SCOTT COUMT. CHAPTER I. IN THE BEGINNING. It has been scarcely a half century since the first permanent set- tlement was made in what is now known as Scott County, in the beautiful State of Iowa, and only a half century since the territory comprising the county was ceded by the Indian occupants to the United States Government, the treaty being made with Gen. Win- fiold Scott, in whose honor it is named. But what changes have been wrought in that time! Previous to 1832 the present populous county was an unknown wilderness, inhabited only by the wild beasts of the forests, wild birds of the air, and scarcely less wild red men who roamed at will over the broad prairies and through the heav}' forests; fishing in the Mississippi, or the Waj)sipinecon Rivers, or hunting the game that everywhere abounded, seemingly caring nothing for tlie morrow, and only living in the ever present. The thought of the " pale-faces '' penetrating this beautiful country had not yetdisturbed them, and so they continued on in their daily life of hunting and fishing, with occasionally a short war between tribes to relieve the monotony of their lives. But the time was soon to come when they were to surrender up the lands and move on toward the setting sun. The time was soon to come when all nature must be changed. The fair prairies with their beautiful flowers, painted only by the hand of God, must be broken up by the husbandman, and grain fit for the use of civilized man sown therein; forests were to be felled and clearings made that the art of man could be exercised in the building and adornment of horaes- Thus it was, too, when Captain Benjamin W. Clark located on sec- tion 22 in Bufi"alo township in 1833. Previous to this time the soil had been unvexed by the plow, and the woodman's ax, had seldom been heard. The cabin of the settler, with its smoke curling 16 (249) 250 HISTOET OF SCOTT COrTNTT. heavenward, and with an air inviting the weary traveler to come and rest, was not to be seen, nor even the faintest trace ot civilization; but instead, boundless emerald seas and luxuriant grasses. These the gardens of the deserts — these The unshorn fields, boundless and beautiful. And fresh as the young earth, ere man had sinned. Lo ! they stretch In airy undulations far away As if the ocean in the gentlest swell Stood still, with all his rounded billows fixed. And motionless forever. ORIGINAL INHABITANTS. The original inhabitants of this section were various tribes ol Indians, particularly the Sauks or Sacs, and the Musquakees or Foxes. For centuries it is probable that they hunted and fished and fought each other, tribe conquering tribe, until finally near the beginning of the present century it was in peaceable possession ot the Sacs and Foxes. In 1804 the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States, through General Ilarrison, all their lands lying upon Rock River, and much elsewhere. The principal Sac village was at a point of land be- tween the junction of the Mississippi and Rock River— a point just below the present site of Davenport, on the Illinois side. There, according to tradition, had been a village for 150 years. The entire country belonging to the tribes, bordered on the Mis- sissippi, and extended about 700 miles down the river from the mouth of the Wisconsin, reaching very nearly to the Missouri River. In 1820, they numbered about 3,000 persons in all, ot whom, perhaps, 600 were warriors. The Sac village alluded to was commanded by the celebrated Black Hawk, alias Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak. The Musquakees, or Foxes, lived further north, and had, near the lead mines, their principal village. Still, notwithstanding the separation of the Sacs and Foxes, they were, in reality, but one tribe, as they hunted together, had similar customs, and so far as unity of purpose was . concerned in their enmity to the Sioux, and other nations, they were indissoluble. Black Hawk was the most celebrated "brave" of his nation. He had been in the service of England in 1812; had been an inti- mate friend of Tecumseh; was ranked among the hraves at the early age of 16, and at the age of 20, or thereabouts, succeeded hie HISTORY OF SCOTT CODNTT. 251 father as cliief, the latter having been killed in a bloocl_y. battle with the Cherokees. With such a life, scarcely if ever defeated in bat- tle—proud, imperious, and with a deep tinge of melancholy in his later years — venerated by his braves, and feared by his enemies, he was no common man, nor would his nature admit of such treat- ment as might be endured patiently by ordinary or less strongly marked men. Black Hawk would never acknowledge the validity of the treaty of 1804. As the wliites did not desire to occupy the country ceded until about the year 1830, the Indians were permitted peacefully to remain. At that time they were ordered across the Mississippi River and took up their abode on the Iowa eide. But the s})irit of discontent was in Black Ilawk, and the same spirit permeated many others among his tribe. They therefore crossed the river into Illinois, took possession of their old villages and murdered several white persons. This movement of Black Hawk excited alarm among the white people who had settled in that part of Illinois, and complaint was made to Governor Eeynolds, of that State, against their presence. The complaints represented that the In- dians were insolent, and had committed many acts of violence. Governor Ford says the Indians ordered the white settlers away, threw down their fences, unroofed their houses, cut up their grain, drove ott and killed their cattle, and threatened the peojde with death if they remained. These acts of the Indians were considered by Governor Reynolds to be an invasion of the State. He imme- diately addressed letters to Gen. Gaines, of the United States army, and to Gen. Clark, the Superintendent of Indian Attairs, calling upon them to use the intiuence of the Government to procure the peaceful removal of the Indians, if possible; at all events, to pro- tect the American citizens who had purchased those lands from the United States, and were now about to be ejected by the Indians. Gen. Gaines repaired to Rock Island, and becoming convinced the Indians were intent upon war, he called upon Gov. Reynolds for 700 mounted volunteers. The Governor obeyed the requisition, and issued a call upon the northern and central counties, in obedience to which 1,500 volunteers rushed to his standard at Beardstown, and about the 10th of June were organized and ready to be marched to the seat of war. The whole force was di- vided into two regiments, an odd battalion and a spy battalion. Black Hawk, becoming convinced that he could do nothing against the force sent against him, retreated across the river, and 252 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. fearing pursuit from Gen. Gaines, returned witli his chiefs and braves to Fort Armstrong and sued for peace. A treaty was here formed with tliem, by which they agreed forever to remain on the west side of the river and never to recross it without the permission of the President or the governor of the State. The treaty of 1804 was thus at last ratified by these Indians. Notwithstanding this treaty, early in the spring of 1832 Black Hawk and the disaffected Indians prepared to reassert their right to the disputed territory, and therefore again crossed the river, and thus was brought on the celebrated Black Hawk war, which resulted so disastrously to him- self and tribe. Speaking of the Black Hawk war, Ford, in his " History of Illi- nois," says: " The united Sacs and Fox nations were divided into two par- ties. Black Hawk commanded the warlike band, and Keokuk, another chief, headed the band which was in favor of peace. " Keokuk was a bold, sagacious leader of his people; was gifted with a wild and stirring eloquence, sure to be found, even among Indians, by means of which ho retained a greater part of his na- tion in amity with the white people. " But nearly all the bold, turbulent spirits, who delighted in mis- chief, arranged themselves under the banner of his rival. Black Hawk had with him the chivalry of his nation, with which he re- crossed the Mississippi in the spring of 1832. " He directed his march to the Rock couniry, and this time aimed, by marching up the river into the countries of the Pottawatomies and Winuebagoes, to make them his allies. Governor Reynolds, upon being informed of the facts, made another call for volun- teers. In a few days 1,800 men rallied under his banner at Beardstown. This force was organized into four regiments and a spy battalion. The whole brigade was put under the command of Brigadier General Samuel Whiteside, of the State militia, who had commanded the spy battalion in the first campaign. " On the 27th of April General Whiteside, accompanied by Gov- ernor Reynolds, took up his line of march. The army proceeded by the way of Oquawka, on the Mississippi, to the mouth of Rock River, and here it was agreed between General Whiteside and Gen- eral Atkinson, of the regulars, that the volunteers should march up Rock River about 50 miles, to the Prophet's town, and there en- camp, to feed and rest their horses and await the arrival of the regular troops in keel boats, with their provisions. Judge William HISTOKY OF SCOrr COUNTT. 253 Thomas, who again acted as quartermaster to the volunteers, made an estimate of the amount of provisions required until the boats conld arrive, which were supplied, and then General Whiteside took up his line of march. " But when he arrived at the Prophet's town, instead of remain- ing there, his men set fire to the village, which was entirely con- sumed, and the brigade marched on in the direction of Dixon, 40 miles higher up the river. "When the volunteers had arrived within a short distance of Dixon, orders were given to leave the baggage wagons behind, so as to reach there by a forced march. And for the relief of the horses, the men left large quantities of provisions behind with the wagons. " At Dixon General Whiteside came to a halt, to await a junction with General Atkinson, with provisions and the regular forces; and from here parties were sent oat to reconnoitre the enemy and ascer- tain his position. The army here found upon its arrival, two bat- talions of mounted volunteers, consisting of 27.5 men^ frona the counties of McLean, Tazewell, Peoria and Fulton, under the com- mand of Majors Stillnian and Bailey. The officers of this force begged to be put forward upon some dangerous service in which they could distinguisli themselves. " To gratify them they were ordered up Rock Eiver to spy out the Indians. Major Stillman began his march on the 12th of May, and pursuing bis way on the sontlieast side he came to " Old Man's " Creek, since called " Stillman's Rnn," a small stream which rises in White Rock Grove, in Ogle County, and falls into the river near Bloomingdale. Here he encamped just before night ; and in a short time a party of Indians on horseback were discovered on a rising ground about a mile distant from the encampment. A party of Stillman's men mounted their horses without orders or commander, and were soon followed by others, stringing along for a quarter of a mile, to pursue the Indians and attack them. "The Indians retreated after displaying a red flag, the emblem of detiance and war, Ijut were overtaken and three of them slain. "Here Major Hackelton, being dismounted in the engagement, distinguished himself b)' a combat with one of the Indians in which the Indian was killed, and Major Hackelton afterward made ills way on foot to the camp of General Wiiiteside. "Black Ilawk was near by with his main force, and being prompt to repel an assault, soon rallied his men, amounting then to about 700 warriors, and moved down upon Major Still- 254 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. man's camp, driving the disorderly rabble, the recent pursuers, before him. These valorous gentlemen, lately so hot in pursuit, when the enemy were few, were no less hasty in their retreat, when coming in contact with superior numbers. They came with their horses in a full run, and in this manner broke through the camp of Major StiUman, spreading dismay and terror among the rest of his men, who immediately began to join in the flight, so that no ef- fort to rally them could possibly have succeeded. Major Stillman, DOW too late to remedy the evils of insubordination and disorder in his command, did all that was practicable, by ordering his men to fall back in order and form on higher ground; but as the prairie rose behind them for more than a mile, the ground for a rally was never discovered; and besides this, when the men once got their backs to the enemy, they commenced a retreat without one thought of making a fiirtlier stand. "A retreat of undisciplined militia from the attack of a superior > is apt to be a disorderly and inglorious flight; and so it was here, each man sought his own individual safety, and in the twinkling of an eye the whole detachment was in utter confusion. Theywere pur- sued in their flight by 30 or iO Indians, for 10 or 12 miles the fugitives in the rear keeping up a flying tire as they ran, until the Indians ceased pursuing. " But there were some good soldiers and brave men in Stillman's detachment, whose individual efforts succeeded in checking the career of the Indians, whereby many escaped that night who would otherwise have been easy victims of the enemy. " Among these were Major Perkins and Captain Adams, who fell in the rear, bravely fighting to cover the retreat of their fugitive friends. " But Major Stillman and his men pursued their flight without looking to the right or left until they were safely landed at Dixon. "The party came straggling into camp all night long, four or five at a time, each fresh arrival confident that all who had been left behind had l)een massacred by the Indians. " Tiie enemy was stated to be just behind in full pursuit, and their arrival was looked for every moment. Eleven of Stillman's men were killed, and it is only astonishing that the number was so few. This was about the only engagement, if engagement it could be called, in which the Indians were victorious. They at once re- treated and were followed for weeks by the whites. HISTORY OF 900TT COUNTT. 365 Dispatches were received from Gen. Atkinson, dated Blue Mounds, July 25, 1832, stating that Gen. Henry with his brigade and Gen. Dodge with a regiment of Michigan volunteers, succeeded by forced marches in overtaking Black Hawk on the banks of the Wisconsin on the evening of the 2l8t of July, 1832 ; they imme- diately attacked the Indians, killing about 40 men, and wounding a much larger number, as the Indians were seen during the action bearing a great many wounded off the tield. The loss on our part was trifling, amounting to one man killed and nine wounded. Night com- ing on no pursuit could be attempted, and thus the enemy was saved from entire destruction. Black Hawk passed over to an island in the "Wisconsin, to which place he had sent his women. Genis. Henry and Dodge remained on the ground the succeeding dav and night, unable to renew the attack, having neither boats, canoes, nor the means of constructing rafts across the river. * * * The troops under Genls. Henry and Dodge are represented to have behaved with great gallantry, resisting with firmness a charge from the enemy on horseback, and in turn charging him with great promptness, routing the Indians at every point, to which is attrib- utable the very small loss on our side. While our men deserve great credit for gallantry and steadiness, the Indians are entitled to no less consideration for the skill and perseverance displayed by- them in their retreat. * * * A squaw captured stated that Black Hawk had lost 200 warriors in the different skirmishes before the battle with Gen. Dodge — that many of those embarking in canoes had been lost in consequence of bad canoes. Battle of Bad Axe, Aug. 2, 1832. * * * At 2 o'clock pre- cisely the bugle sounded and in a short time all were ready to march. Gen. Dodge's squadron was honored by being placed in front, the infantry followed next, Gen. Henry's brigade next, Gen- Alexander's next, and Gen. Posey's brigade formed the rear guard. Gen. Dodge called for, and soon received, 20 volunteer spies to go ahead of the whole army. In this order the march commenced. They had not gone more than five miles, however, before one of our spies came back, announcing that they had come in sight of the enemy's picket guard. The intelligence was quickly conveyed to Gen. Atkinson and by him to all the commanders of the brigade, and the celerity of the inarch was instantly increased. In a few minutes more the fire commenced about five hundred yards in front of the army 256 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. between our epies and the Indian picket guard. The Indians were driven by our spies from hill to hill, but kept up a tolerably brisk fire from every situation commanding the ground over which our spies had to march. But they were charged and routed from their hiding places, and sought safety by retreating to the main body on the bank of the Mississippi, and joined in one general effort to defend themselves or die on the ground. Lest some might escape up or down the river Gen. Atkinson, very judiciously ordered Genls. Alexander and Posey to join the right wing of the army and march down to the river above the Indian encampment on the bank, and then move down. Gen. Henry formed the left wing, and marched in the main trail of the enemy. The United States Infantry and Gen. Dodge's squadron of the mining troops marched in the center. With this order our whole force descended the almost perpen- dicular bluff into a low valley, heavily timbered, with a large growth of underbrush, weeds and grass. Sloughs, deep ravines and old logs were so plentiful as to afford every facility for the enemy to make a strong defense. Gen. Henry first commenced a heavy fire, which was returned by the enemy. The Indians being routed from their first hiding places, sought others. Gen. Dodge's squadron and the United States troops soon came into action, and with Gen. Henry's men, rushed into the defiles of the enemy and killed all in their way except a few who succeeded in swimming a slough of the Mississippi, 150 yards wide. During this time Alexander and Posey's brigades were marching down the river and fell in with another part of the enemy's army, and killed and routed all that opposed them. The battle lasted upward of three hours. About 50 of the enemy's, women and children were taken prisoners, and many were killed in the battle. The loss of the Indians can never be ascertained exactly, but ac- cording to the best computation it must have exceeded 150. Our loss in killed and wounded was 27.* From the official report of Gen. Atkinson to Major-General "W. Scott, dated x\ug. 9, 1832, I make the following extracts: " I marched at 2 o'clock A. M. with the regular troops under Col. Taylor and Gen. Dodge's battalion, leaving the brigades of Genls. *From the History of the United States, published by C. B. Taylor, in 1837. » HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 257 Posey, Alexander, and Henry to follow as they were not yet ready to march — their horses having been turned out before the order of the night before had been received by them. After marching about three miles the advance of Dodge's battalion came up with a small part of the enemy and killed eight of them and dispersed the residue." After giving a lengthy report of the events of the battle Gen. Atkinson says: " Both the regular and volunteer troops conducted themselves with the greatest zeal, courage and patriotism, and are entitled to the highest approbation of their country. To Brigadier- Gen. Henry, of the 3d Brigade of Illinois volunteers; to Gen. Dodge, of the Michigan volunteers, and to Col. Taylor, of the United States Infantry, tiie greatest praise is due for the gallant manner in which they brought their respective corps in, and conducted them through the action. *** Of the United States Infantry live privates were killed and four wounded. Of Genls. Posey's and Alexander's brigades one private in each was wounded. Of Gen. Henry's, one Lieutanant and five privates were wounded. Of Gen. Dodge's, one Captain, one Sergeant and four privates were wounded. " Tiie historian ( not Gen. Atkinson) says: " Black Hawk, while the battle waxed warm, had gone up the river on the east side. His valuables, many of them, together with certificates of good char- acter and of his having fought bravely against the United States, in the war of 1812, signed by British officers, were found on the battle ground. "Black Hawk was captured by some Winnebagoes at the Dalles, on the Wisconsin River, and delivered to Gen. Street at Prairie du Chien. on the 27th of August. 1832. Among the number captured wa? a son of Black Hawk, and also the Prophet,a noted chief, who formerly resided at Prophet's town, in Whiteside county, and who was one of the princij)al instigators of the war. Thus ended the Black Hawk war. The militia were sent to Dixon and discharged. Black Hawk and the Prophet were taken east and confined in Fort- ress Monroe for a time. On the 4th day of June they were set free. Before leaving the fort. Black Hawk delivered the follow- ing farewell speech to the commander : " 'Brother, I have come on my own part, and in behalf of my companions, to bid you farewell. Our great father has at length been pleased to permit us to return to our hunting grounds. We have buried the tomahawk, and the sound of the rifle hereafter will only bring death to the deer and the buflalo. Brothers, you 258 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. * have treated the red man very kindly. Your squaws have made them presents ; you have given them plenty to eat and drink. The memory of your friendship will remain till the Great Spirit says it is time for Black Hawk to sing his death song. Brother, your houses are as numerous as the leaves on the trees, and your young warriors like the sands upon the shore of the big lake that rolls before us. The red man has but few houses and few warriors, but the red man has a heart which throbs as warmly as the heart of his white brother. Tiie Great Spirit has given us our hunting grounds, and the skin of the deer which we kill there is his favor- ite, for its color is white, and this is the emblem of peace. This hunting dress and these feathei's of the eagle are white. Accept them, ray brother. I have given one like this to the White Otter. Accept it as a memorial of Black Hawk. When he is far away this will serve to remind you of him. May the Great Spirit bless you and your children. Farewell.' "After their release from prison they were conducted, in charge of Major Garland, through some of the principal cities, that they might witness the power of the United States and learn their own inability to cope with them in war. Great multitudes flocked to see them wherever they were taken, and the attention paid them rendered their progress through the country a triumphal proces- sion, instead of the transportation of prisoners by an officer. At Rock Island the prisoners were given their liberty, amid great and impressive ceremony. In 1838 Black Hawk built him a dwelling near Des Moines, Iowa, and furnished it after the manner of the whites, and engaged in agricultural pursuits and hunting and fish- ing. Here, with his wife, to whom he was greatly attached, he passed the few remaining days of his life. To his credit, it may be said, that Black Hawk remained true to his wife, and served her with a devotion uncommon among Indians, living with her more than 40 years." Black Hawk died Oct. 3, 1838. FIRST VISIT OF WHITE MEN. Father Marquette, the French Missionary, was doubtless the first white man that ever set foot on the soil of Scott County. Long before the discovery of the IVlississippi River by Marquette and Joliet, June 17, 1673, tradition says that the spot of ground now occupied by the city of Davenport was a large and populous Indian village. There can be but little doubt from the history of these BISTORT OF SCOTT OOUNTT. 259 • missionaries, that it was here thej first landed. in their voyage down the Mississippi, after tliey entered it from the mouth of the Wis- consin, on the 17th of June. The first landing made by them on record was on the 21st, four days after they entered the river, and was upon the western bank, where they say: " We discovered foot- prints of some fellow mortals, and a little path ( trail ) leading into a pleasant meadow. " Following the trail a short distance, they heard the savages talking, and, " making their presence known by a loud cry, " they were led to a village of the " lUinis." There could not have been sufiicient time between the 17th and 21st for tlie %'oyagers to have descended below this point, or to have reached the lower or Des Moines Kapids, which some historians claim to have been their first landing place. There having been an Indian village here from time immemorial, and according to Indian tradition, fixes the fact most conclusively that it was at Davenport that the soil of Iowa, as well as of Scott County, was first pressed by the foot of a white man. Tlie legends of the Indians are full of historic lore, pertaining to this beautiful spot, comprising Davenport, Rock Island and their surroundings. There were many traces of the aborigines existing when the first settlers came to this country. Several Indian mounds, or burial places, of quite large dimensions,were still used by wandering bands of Indians as late as 1835 and 1836, situated on the banks of the river, about two miles below Davenport, where was formerly the farm of Ebenezer Cook. Indian graves have been found in exca- vations about the city, and relics of ancient date discovered, showing that this spot has been the home of the red men for centuries, and corroborating the testimony of Black Hawk and others as to the tradition of their fathers. Black Hawk was ever ready to tell of the traditions of his people, and often dwelt with much interest and excitement on them. He says they came from Gitche Gamsue, '■ the big water" ( Lake Superior), and Indians that are yet living say that the home of their fathers was at Sunken Creek, that empties into Lake Superior, and that as they traveled westward, they encountered foes whom they fought and conquered, and that in time they were conquered by their enemies, and tribe fought tribe for possession of the land, until tliey reached the great river, the Massa-Sepo, which signifies "The Father of Rivers." The tradition of the Sacs, who have always lived upon the prairies is that their name means ''Man of the Prairie," or prairie Indian. They also aver that their friends, the Musquakies, which signifies 260 HISTORT OF SCOTT COUNTY. "Foxep," were a sly and cunning people, and united with them for strength to tight their enemies, the tribes of the Kickapoo and mini, and that they have ever lived in peace as one tribe and one people. These were the Indians in possession of the country when the United States assumed jurisdiction over it, and of whom it was purchased. The treaty of Gen. Scott with the Indians was ratified by Congress at its session in the winter of 1S33. Thus did the United States come into possession of the soil of Scott County. Of the Indians from whom it was purchased, and of the tribes who had been in possession in earlier days, the Sacs and Foxes were provided with homes in Kansas, and are fast dwindling away. But a remnant is left of the tribes of the Winnebagoes, Chippewas, Pottawatomies, Ottawas, Menominees, and other powerful bands that were in pos- session of the country from 'the lakes to the Missouri, at the termination of the American Revolution. Their destiny is written. The onward march of the Anglo-Saxon race tells with unerring prophecy, the fate of the Red Man ! They are doomed to become extinct! FIRST SETTLEMENT. At the close of the Black Hawk war, in 1832, there were no settle- ments upon the Iowa side of the river. The purchase from the Sac and Fox tribe of Indians of the Territory, now comprising Scott County, was made in common with all the river counties, on the 15th of September, 1832, the treaty being held with Gen. Scott up- on the site of the buildings of the Chicago Rock Island & Pacific Railroad freight depot. In the spring of 1833 Captain Benjamin "W. Clark, a native of Virginia, who had settled and made some improvements on the Illinois shore, where is now the town of Andalusia, came across the Mississippi, planted a crop, built a large cabin, and moved across in December following and commenced a settlement upon the pres- ent site of the town of Bufl:alo, and was doubtless the first settler on the soil of Scott County.. He had been a captain of a company of mounted volunteer Rangers in the Black Hawk war, under Gen. Dodge. Here, in Buflalo, he made the first claim, erected the first cabin, broke the first ground, planted the first corn, and raised the first produce in the county. His nearest neighbors at this time, upon the Iowa shore, then known as the " Black Hawk purchase,'' were at Burlington and Dubuque. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 261 OTHER EARLY SETTLEMENTS. In the fall of 1833 Roswell H. Spencer built a log cabin upon the bank of the river a little below the ferry landing from Ilainptou, afterward established, on the opposite side of the river to Valley City, a town laid out upon the Iowa side. This was the first settle- men| in what is now Pleasant Valley township. In February, 183i, George W. Harlan built a cabin within the limits of the present city of Le Claire, and was the first actual set- tler of the township. Eleazer Parkhurst came next. Nathan and Martin W. Smith also came the same year. In the year 1834 Antoine Le Claire settled upon his '■ reserve " at Davenport. He was followed by others in due time, and one more settlement was formed. Thus began the settlement of Scott County, now one of the wealthiest and most populous counties in the State. OKGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. The county slowly grew in numbers until it became evident there was a number living within its boundaries large enough to entitle them to a county organization, when the Legislature of the Territory, then Wisconsin Territory, in the winter of 1837-'38 passed an act creating the county, the boundaries of which were as follows: " Beginning at a point in the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi River, where the line dividing townships 1 and 2, east of the fifth principal meridian intersects the same; thence north with said range-line to the line dividing townships 78 and 79 north; thence west with said line to the fifth principal meridian; thence north with said meridian to the line dividing townships SO and 81 north; thence east with said line to a point where the said line intersects or crosses the Wapasipinica River; thence down the main channel of said river to its mouth; thence due east to the middle of the main channel to the place of beginning; shall be, and the same is hereby constituted, a separate county, to be called Scott." It will be seen by reference to the map that the county lacks a township in the southwest corner of being square. The reason of this is easily explained. In the first Territorial Legislature that convened at Burlington in December, 1837, the act was passed cre- ating the boundaries of Scott County as well as many others. Un- 262 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. fortunately for the well-being ol many a town site and village, this honorable body had too many speculators in town lots among its members. Dr. Reynolds, then living three mOes above Bloomington, now Muscatine, had laid off atown called Geneva, upon which all his efforts lor the county were centered. The manner and extent of laying off counties were to decide the destiny of many a town site which had been made especially for the county seat. Theobjactof Dr. Reynolds was to press the upper line of Muscatine County up the river as far as possible, so as to make Geneva central, and lessen the chances of Bloomington, which was an applicant for favor. The Davenport and Rockingham member, Alex. W. Mc Gregor, knew that if the Scott County line ran too far down the river, Buffalo, then a rival, and by far the most populous and important town above Burlington, would stand too great a chance, so that a com- promise was entered into, and this township given to Muscatine County. COUNTY SEAT CONTEST. The act by which the county was organized also provided for holding an election for the county seat on the third Monday in February, 1838. Rockingham and Davenport were the only points to be voted for. The contest was a warm and exciting one on the part of the representatives of eac h town. The leading men on the Rockingham side were Dr. Barrows, Willard Barrows, Gen. G. B. Sargent, Ebenezer Cook, John P. Cook, Benjamin W. Clark, ot Buffalo; Mr. Robertson, John Sullivan and John S. Sheller. Un- der the Davenport standard were rallied G. L. Davenport, James Mc Intosh, Antoine Le Claire, G. C. R. Mitchell, Levi S. Colton, D. C. Eldredge, Sheriff Wilson and Captain Litch. The great importance of the county seat election is apparent. The fortunate town in the election was to become important from hav- ing the seatof justice. The matter had been before the Legislature, and an attempt was made to locate it by that body, bu: a scheme of bribery and corruption among some ot its members was brought to light, and an act then passed to leave it to the people. The Rockingham advocates were confident that if a fair election was held, that town would be victorious in the contest. The southern part of the county at that time was the most populous, and could poll more votes than Davenport, besides which the Le Claire town- ship, at the head of the rapids, took sides with Rockingham, HISTORY OF gOO'rr COCNTY. 263 expecting at 8ome future time to effect an alteration in the county lines on tlie north, so as to make Le Claire more central, and, of course, it was policy to vote for the most southern point in the election. The returns of the election were to be made to Gov. Dodge, ot Wisconsin, Iowa then being a part of that Territory. The act speci- fied that the place having the largest immber of votes sliould be declared the county seat, and that it should be the duty of the gover- nor upon such return being made, to issue his proclamation accord- ingly. It is said that a few days before the close of the contest, the Davenport people suddenly became aware that they were in need of more laborers, and in order to secure them. Dr. Bellows, of Dubuque, was authorized by the Davenport people to send as many as he could gather together. He succeeded in securing the services of several sleigii loads, according to Willard Barrows, "of the most wretched looking rowdies that had ever appeared in the streets of Davenport. They were the dregs of the mining districts of that early day; filled with impudence and profanity, soaked in whisky and done up in rags." According to the same autiiority, when the election was over " the Dubuque delegation of miners returned home, having drank 10 barrels of whisky and cost the contracting parties over $3,000 in cash." Davenport polled a majority of votes and the rejoicing was most enthusiastic. Bonfires and illuminations were exhibited, and the result was considered a great and final triumph. But while these rejoicings were going on in Davenport, Dr. E. S. Barrows and John C. Higgins were on their way to Mineral Point, Wiscon- sin, to see Gov. Dodge, with documents sufficient to prove the fraud that had been perpetrated at Davenport. Upon- this expos- ure, the governor refused to issue his certificate of election. Thus things remained, until the Legislature met in June, at Burlington, at which time they passed an act for another election for the county seat, between Davenport and Rockingham, to be held in the following August. This act more particularly defined the manner in which the election should be held, and voters were required to have a residence of 60 davs. The returns of this election were to be made by the county commissioner's clerk, Ebenezer Cook, to the sheriff of Dubuque County, and he was to count the votes in the presence of the county commissioners of that county. The place having the greatest number of votes was to be entered on the books ot the county commissioners, and such place to become the seat of iustice. Says Mr. Barrows: 264 HISTORV OF SCOTT COtJNTT. "At this election, Kockinghain, feeling rather sore under its treatment at the last election, laid aside all conscientious scruples in relation to the whole matter, and chose to light the enemy in its own way, well knowing that the act, by its wording, did not require legal votes. The campaign opened with vigor. The note of preparation was sounded and the contending parties summoned to the iield. The county was canvassed and the unstable and wavering were brought into the ranks on one or the other side. Building lots were proffered and accepted for influence and for votes, in both places. Col. Sullivan employed many extra hands around his mill just about that time. The struggle was harder than before, and the corruption much greater, though carried on in a different manner. The day of election came. The officers appointed to attend the polls were either not sworn at all or sworn illegally, so that in case of defeat a plea might be set up for a new election. The ballot-box was stuffed. Illegal voting in various ways was permitted. Non-residents of Scott County swore they were "old settlers," while the poll-books and ballot-box showed a list of names that no human tongue was ever found to answer to. "A great mystery seemed to hang over the Rockingham polls. They had been watched by the Davenport party, and yet when the ballot-box was emptied of its contents it showed most astonishing results. The committee sent down from Davenport to watch the polls could never explain where all the votes came from! The names in the box and on the poll-books agreed, but the great diffi- culty seemed to be that the settlement did not warrant such a tre- mendous vote. This, however, was afterward explained as being in strict conformity with the oath taken by some of the judges and clerks of the election, which was that they should ' to the best of their ability, see that votes were polled to elect Rockingham the county seat.' " The election being over, the returns were made to the sheriff of Dubuque County, and counted in the presence of the commis- sioners, as provided in the act, when a majority was found for Rockingham. The commissioners, for some cause, failed to make the entry upon their records, as required by the act, but during the week took the liberty of 'purging the polls,' throwing out a sufficient number of votes to give Davenport the majority by two votes. One of the votes thus thrown out was that of John W. Brown, who settled on Black Hawk Creek in 1835, and was still living there. By this proceeding Davenport was declared the HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. 267 county seat. Thereupon the Rockingliam party made application to the Su))reme Court for a mandamus, directed to the County Commissioners of Dubuque County, requiring them to make tlie proper entry upon their records of election in Scott County, in ac- cordance with the act of the Legislature. On the final hearing of the case, the court decided tliat they had no original jurisdiction over the case, but at the request of the parties, the case having been fully argued upon its merits, the court examined the whole question and gave an opinion, the effect of which was that Kock- ingham was tlie county seat.'' The affair not being settled to the satisfaction of all the parties concerned, the Legislature passed an act for anotiier election. At this election there were two otlier points added to Davenport and Rockingham as aspirants for the county seat. One was the "geo- graphical center," and the other was a quarter-section of land at the moutli of Duck Creek, called " Winfield." Before the election the geographical center was dropped. Davenport and Rocking- ham then commenced offering town lots, and money for the use of the county, in case the county seat shoukl be located on tiieir ground. Thousands of dollars and donations of lots and hinds were made, and bonds given to secure it to the county, in case of the selection of the point desired by either party. At length Rockingham, tiring of the contest, withdrew her claims, and the election was left for decision between Davenport and tlie " Duck Creek cornfield," as it was called. As an illustration of the inducements held out for tlie location of the count}' seat the following is given. The first was placed in the liands of the county treasurer by parties interested in securing the county seat for a section near the mouth of Duck Creek: " A donation of 90 acres of land is offered the county at the mouth of Duck Creek, provided that point should be selected at the first election. In addition to the land which the donators have agreed to give, sell and convey to the county, they also off"er $826, mostly materials. The people have both ]>ropositions before them, and they will be enabled to decide as to the amount donated for each point. A tax of $6,000 or $8,000 on the inhabitants of the county would be oppressive in our present infant and embarrassed state, and it is hardly supposed any person would vote for such a tax when they have the offer of a donation nearly if not amply sufficient to cover all expenses." 17 268 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Davenport offered tlie following : Davenport, August 3, 1840. "Whereas, the question of the location of the county seat in Scott County is to be settled by a vote of the people of said county, the points to be voted for being Davenport, Rockingham, and a place in Pleasant Valley near the mouth of Duck Creek ; and whereas, Rockingham and said point.in Pleasant Valley, near the mouth of Duck Creek, have each proposed donations to the county to erect public buildings therein, to be paid by the place in which the countj- seat should be located ; this proposition the subscribers believe to have been made with a view of inttueacing the voters of said county to vote for said points instead of Daven- port; and believing Davenport is the most suitable place, and wishing to counter- act said undue influence, for the purpose of making a sum equal if not greater than that offered by either of those points, we, the subscribers, agree, and hereby bind ourselves to give and convey in fee simple to the County Commissioners of Scott County the property described by each of us, to be disposed of in raising a fund for the benefit of the county, to be applied exclusively to (he erection of a court-house and jail, on condition that the town of Davenport shall be the point selected as county seat of Scott County; and we who do not give lots or land, bind ourselves to pay in cash, or the manner stipulated, the sum affixed opposite our respective names, on the terms therein stated. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and seals. By virtue of a resolution passed by the mayor, recorder and trustees of the town of Davenport, authorizing the mayor, on behalf of the corporation, to sub- scribe the sum of $500, to aid in defraying the expense of erecting a court-house and jail in the town of Davenport, I, John H. Thorington, Mayor of the town of Davenport, do promise on the part and in behalf of said corporation, to pay to the Commissioners of Scott County, on or before the first day of August next, the sum of .$.500 provided, and it is expressly understood, that the above stipulated subscription is binding only upon condition that the said town of Dav- enport shall be selected as the permanent seat of justice for Scott County, and not otherwise. The town of Davenport, by John A. Thorington |500. I, Antoine LeClaire, promise to convey, on the condition before stipulated, the following described lots and lands, to-wit : Lot 3, block 15 ; 3, block 38 ; 3, 4 and 6, block 30 ; 1, block 12; 8, block 38; 8, block 33; 7, 8. 9 and 10, block 7. Outlots Nos. 3, 10, 19, 23, 34, containing four acres each. Antoine LECLAniE. I, Antoine LeClaire, Attorney for P. G. Hambough, promise to convey, on the conditions above stipulated, the following described lots : 5 and 6, block 14; 5 and 6, block 3.5 ; 1 and 3, block 37. P. G. Hambough, By Antoine LeClaire. I, George Davenport, promise to convey on the conditions above stipulated, tl e following described lots, to-wit: West half of block 33; lots 4, 5 and 6, block 11 : 1, 2, 7 and 8, block 35; 5, block 3. Geouge Davenport. I, John Macklot, promise to convey on the conditions above stipulated, the fol- lowing described lots, to-wit : Lots 1, 3, 7 ani 8, block 36, if the court-house is placed on Bolivar Square. John Macki.ot. Antoine LeClaire, agent for James May, promises to pay on the conditions be- fore stipulated, the following described lots to-wit: Lots 1 and 2, block 13; 1. block 39; 7 and 8, block 37; 3, block 13. Antoine LeClaire. Agent for James May. inSTOBY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 269 We, James and Robert Mcintosh, promise to convey on the couilitions before stipulated, the following (lescril)ed lots: 7 and 8, block 12; 3 and 4, in block 14; 7 and 8 in block 30; 5 in block ;}9; 2 in block 35. J. & R. MoIntosh. INDIVIDUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS. James Hall $150 N. 8(iuires, carpenter work 300 H. Leonard, in brick 300 E.Hulse 200 A . Logan 50 8. B.Steele 10 Thomas Foster 40 A. Green, by R. Bennett 25 PhilipCody 20 Eldridge & McCor.l 50 I, John Litch, agree to give one good, enporl (in Powers" addition), as soon as seat. George Bowers If. 20 W. Parmele 20 John Cronkite .-.. 10 C. C. Alvord 10 William M. Moran 5 W. G.Ruby 10 H. J. Chapman 25 John F. Boy uton 10 J. M. Wiiherwa.x 50 William S. Collins 15 Strong Burnell 20 Asa Hale 10 Timothy Dillon 20 John Pape 25 Samuel Armitage 5 Franklin Culver 5 William McDade 5 W. B. Arnold 6 A. J. Dawes 5 D. Hoge 50 T. S. Hoge 50 John D. Evans 20 Riddle & Morton 100 George Colt 5 J.MD. Burrows ,50 John Owens 50 E. V. Kerr and G. T^it $ 10 W. W. Dodge 25 W. B. Watts 35 Alfred Carter 100 Geo. L. Davenport 50 Seth F. Whiting 25 James O. Kelly 10 W. McCammon 30 W. W. Whitlemore 25 Thomas Dillon 50 handsome lot in the lower part of Dav- Davenport shall be niade the county JOIIN LiTCH. James Rumbold $ 5C> Charles Leslie 25 A. L. Beattie 10 Henry Wright 15 R. S. Craig 10 John W. King 10 James M. Bowling 30 John Evans 10 John Wilson IQO William Nichols 50 Lewis Ebert 10 J. W. Parker 100 A. W. Perry 25 Peter Porter and A. Perry 25 George Francis 13 L. J. Center for J. Remer 25 L. J. Center 10 James Miller 5 Isaac Squires 20 William Lovell 10 John n. Thorington 25 Alex. W. McGregor 35 Walter B. Warren 10 George W. Warren 20 William Harmon 15 Henry Powers 50 I.George Davenport, hereby promise to pay to the County Commissioners of Scott County, in lieu of the lots offered above, to aid in erecting the public build- ings, the sum of twelve hundred dollars (!fl, 200), should the commissioners prefer, the same to be paid in installments, as may be reciuircd in the progress of the buildings, provided the same shall be erected on Bolivar Square. GEODdR D.VVBNPORT. 270 HISTORY OF scorr county. I, Antoine LeClaire, hereby promise to pay to the Commissioners of the County of Scott, in lieu of the lands and lots oiTered above, to aid in erecting the public buildings, the sum of tbree thousand dollars in cash, or its equivalent, should the said Commissioners prefer the same, to be paid in such installments as may be required iu the progress of the building, as witness my hand and seal this 10th day of August, 1840. Antoine LeClaire. Davenport gained tlie election, erected the jjublic btiildiiigs free of all cost to the county, according to her contract, and thus termi- nated one of the most exciting questions that had ever disturbed the quiet of the peaceful community. Says Mr. Barrows, a friend of Kockingliam: " The battle was long and spirited. Tiie contending parties with- drew from the bloodless field with happy triumph, each having out- generaled the other, and found that even when a victory was won the laurels are not always sure. A peace treaty was held at the Rockingham Hotel in the winter of ISiO, where the most promi- nent actors in the last scenes met as mutual friends, and buried the hatchet forever, ratifying the treaty, as it was called, by a grand ball, where more than 40 couples mingled in the dance and seemed to forget at once all the strife and bickerings of the past, and seal their friendships anew with earnest and willing hearts. During the whole of this controversy, singular as it may appear, the utmost wood feeling and gentlemanly conduct prevailed. No personal feuds grew out of it, and to this day, it is often the source of much merriment among the old settlers, and is looked upon as only the freaks and follies of a frontier life." Tiie act providing for the holding of an election for the county seat on the third Monday in February, 1838, also provided for an election two weeks afterward for county officers, at which election liockingham elected her candidates. Tlie commissioners elected were B. F. Tike, Alfred Carter, and A. W. Campbell, with Eben- ezer Cook for county clerk. The first session of the Commissioners' Court was held at the store of H. W. Higgins, in Rockingham. The following are the proceedings of this first meeting: " Present — Benj. F. Pike, and Andrew W. Campbell. "The board proceeded to the ajipointment of a clerk. " Ordered — That Ebenezer Cook be appointed clerk to the board. " Ebenezer Cook having appeared in pursuance of his appoint- ment, and taken the oath of office, entered upon his duties as clerk. HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. 271 "Ordered — That the clerk take the necessary steps to procure from the Secretary of the Territory, a seal for the use of this board. " Ordered — Tiiat this board do meet, at its Aj)ril session, in the town of Rockingham. " Ordered — That Benj. F. Pike be allowed tiiree dollars for one day's service as county commissioner. "Ordered — That Andrew W. Campbell be allowed three dollars for one day's service as county commissioner. "Ordered — That Ebenezer Cook be allowed three dollars for one day's service as clerk. " And the board adjourned to session in course." At the April session, 1838, the county was divided into election precincts, and polls were ordered open at Rockingham Hotel, Rockingham and Marmaduke. S. Davenport,William Lings, Lewis Ringlesbv. appointed judges of election; at Davenport Hotel, Davenport, L"a Cook. John Forest, Adam Noel, judges of elec- tion; at house of Caleb 11. Gardener, West Eufialo, Elias Moore, M. M. Bosworth, James Williainsou, judges of election; at house of Roswell II. Spencer, Pleasant Valley, Stephen Henley, Jabez A. Birchard, John Work, judges of election; at house of Thomas Hubbard, Elizabeth Cit}-, Josiah Scott, William Rowe, Daniel Hyers, judges of election; at house of Ezra Allen, Allen's Grove, Lester Hines. John K. Spicer, Isaiah Ilurlburt, judges of election. Christopher Rowe was appointed county treasurer, but failing to qualify, Ira Cook was appointed at the May term of tiic board, and at once entered into bonds, and the discharge of the duties of the office. At this same session Ira Cook was appointed and ijualified as assessor in place of Joseph Mounts, who had previously been appointed, but failed to qualify. The editor of the I own News, publishetl at Dubuque, was allowed six dollars for advertising an election to be held for the location of the county seat. At this session, the board took it upon itself to regulate the price of ferriage across the Mississippi and Wapsipinecon Rivers, the rates of which may be found in another chapter of this work upon the subject of " Ferries." The county was divided into 11 road districts; the first, second and third begins as follows: 272 HiSTOEr OF scorr countt. Road District, No. 1, to comprise all tlie territory lying within tlic following limits: Townships 77 and 78, range 2 eqst, except the east tier of sections. Road District, No. 2, the oast tier of sections, townships 77 and 78, and sections 30 and 25, township 79, the west half of townships 77 and 78, range 3, and sections -28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, township 79, range 3. Road District, No. 3, one half of township 78, and southeast quarter of township 79, range 3; the west tier of section in town- ship 78, range 4, and sections 19, 30, 31, township 79, range 4. Mathias Mounts was appointed supervisor of District No. 1; Otto Ct. McClaim, of No. 2; John Forrest, of No. 3. Polls were ordered opened at the town of Parkhurst, and Martin W. Smith, Eleazer Parkhurst and Thomas C. Eads appointed judges. Polling places were also established for Clinton County, which was attached to Scott County at this time. Grand and petit juries were selected at this session, for the first term of the District Court, the names of which are given in the chapter on "Courts." At the July session, a two-mill tax was ordered levied on the real estate of the county, for opening and repairing public high ways, and five mills for general purposes. The first tavern licenses were granted at this session, one to Samuel Barkley, in Davenport, and one to II. W. Higgins, in Rockingliam. November 12, the commissioners met in Rockingham and ad" journed to meet in Davenport, that town being declared the county seat, an election having previously been held for that purpose. Only one of the three members went over to Davenport, and there- fore there was no quorum, and the lone member adjourned. A special session was called for Nov. 26, at Davenport, the newly elected county seat. Alfred Carter was the onl3' member present. A. W. Campbell sent in his resignation as a member of the board. B. F. Pike, the third member, was in Rockingham and would not honor Davenport with his presence; therefore Mr. Carter, on the principle that "if the mountain would not go to Mahomet, Mahomet would have to go to the mountain," adjourned to meet in Rock- ingham. But little business was transacted other than granting licenses for taverns and ferries. HISTORT OF SCOIT COUNTY. 273 In Jamiary, 1839, the board met ap^ain at ' Rockinoham, no cause beino^ assigned wh}' they did not meet in Davenport. The full board 'was present, includinf^ A. W. Campbell, whose resig- nation had never been acted upon, and was probably withdrawn. At the annual election this year, John Work was elected in place of B. F. Pike, whose term had expired. At the January meeting in 1S40, Ebenezer Cook, the commis sioners' clerk, was ordered to bring suit against John Litch, of Davenport, for violation of the license law, Mr. Litch persisting in selling liquor without a license. At the annual election in the spring of 1840 the ticket favored by the Rockingham party for county commissioners was elected. At a special session of the Board of County Commissioners held March 25, 1S40, a proposition was read from Adrian H. Dav- enport and .John II. Sullivan in which they offered to build a court- house and jail upon certain conditions. The commissioners were bound to have a jail in Rjckingham, as will be seen by the follow- ing notice published in the Towa Su?i, published in Davenport, of May 12, 1840: Notice to Contractors. Sealed proposals will be received by the Board of Commissioners of Scott Countj', for building of a .TAIL in the town of Kockingham, until the first day of July next, on which day the proposal will be opened and the contract let. A plan and specifications may be seen by calling on .John H. Sullivan, Esq., Commissioner to superintend the erection. Proposals to be endorsed, " Proposals for Erecting a Jail in Scott County," and directed to ".John H. Sullivan, Esq., Commissioner to superintend the erection of a jail in Rockingham." By order of the Board of Commissioners of Scott County. Ebenezer Cook, Clerk. Rockingham, May 12, 1840. It is needless to say the jail was never erected. The commissioners made a proposition to A. H. Davenport and J. H. Sullivan, in which it was provided that in case of failure or non-acceptance J. H. Sullivan and A. H. Davenport were to con- vey' 160 lots to the county wiiich were to be sold and amount ex- pended for the erection of a court-house and jail. The proposition was accepted. The commissioners' clerk was ordered to insert proposals for the erection of a jail in the Imoa Territoriol Gazette, published at Bur- lington, and also to advertise tlie sale of town lots in four different newspapers, the sale to take place July 4, 1840. 274 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. The couutj-seat question being settled in favor of Davenport the Board of County Commissioners met at Davenport in special session Oct. 26, 1840. But little business of public interest was transacted by the board for several years, the sessions being taken up in auditing bills and appointing committees and hearing reports on locations of public roads. In 1845 steps vrere taken to organize the county into townships, and at the January meeting of the board in 1846 it was ordered that township lines as organized remain the same as precinct lines heretofore organized, except a slight change made in the line be- tween Rockingham and Davenport. The name of Parkhurst pre- cinct was changed to Fairview township, and Point Pleasant precinct was called "Winfield township. At the April, 1846, meeting of the board part of Pleasant Valley township was added to Fairview, and the name of the latter was changed to Le Claire. At the October meeting of the same year Allen's Grove township was divided, the western part taking the name of Liberty and the eastern, Allen's Grove. By act of General Assembly, approved January, 1851, the County Commissioners' Court was abolished, and all the ])owers developing upon that body were transferred to the county judge. From the organization of the county' to this time the following named served as count}' commissioners: 1838 — Benjamin F. Pike, Andrew W. Campbell, Alfred Carter. 1839— A. "VV. Campbell, Alfred Carter, John Work. 1840— A. W. Campbell, Alfred Carter,* John Work. 1841— Same as in 1840. 1842— John Work, John C. Quinn, Otho G. McClain. 1843— Same as in 1842. 1844— John C. Quinn, Asahel Hubbard, Otho G. McClain. 1845— Otho G. Mc Clain, JohnC. Quinn, Cyrus G. Blood. 1846— John C. Quinn, C. G. Blood, Asa Foster. 1847 — C. G. Blood, Asa Foster, Stephen Thompson. 184S— C. G. Blood, Asa Foster, £. S. Wing. 1849— Asa Foster, E. S. Wing, A. C. Fulton. 1850— E. S. Wing, A. C. Fulton, John W. Wiley. j * Resigned, and John C. Quinn elected to fill vacancy. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 275 COUNTY JUDGES. The business of the county was transacted bj' the county judges from 1851 to ISGl, a period of 10 years. See County Courts in Chapter IV., for list of county judges. BOARD OF SUPKEVISORS. In accordance with an act of tlie General Assembly entitled, " An act creating a County Board of Supervisors, defining their duties and the duties of certain county officers," passed March 22, I860' the county of Scott was organized under the new law, and at the election held Nov. 6, 1860, supervisors were elected. Each town- ship was entitled to one supervisor without regard to the number of inhabitants. Davenport having over 12,000 inhabitants was entitled to three members of the board. The first meeting of the board was held Monday, Jan. 7, 1861. C. Stewart Ells was elected president. The representation was continued at one from each township and three from Davenport until 1866, when one more was added to the latter's representation. In 1868 the number was increased to five. The law in 1870 was changed, and instead of a Board of Super- visors, composed of a representative from each township, there were three elected by the entire county, who had vested in them the same powers as the old board. In 1874 the county availed itself of the privilege oflered by the State law to increase the number of representatives on the board to five, which number is yet retained. The following is a complete list of the members of the Board from 1801 to 1882 inclusive: 1861. i C.Stewart Ells. Davenport — a Thomas K. Fluke, ( Mathias J. Rohlfs. Le Oaire — Horace Carjienter. Wintield— Henry G. Xeal. frinceton — Giles M. Pinneo. Buffalo— Dan B. Shaw. Blue Grass — Daniel L. Lyon. Hickory Grove — James H. Ross. Pleasant Valley — Philip Earhart. Allen's Grove — Epliraiin Snyder. 276 HISTORY OF SCO'lT COUNTY. Liberty — Azotiis M. Frost. Cleonti — Benjamin P. Putnam. Rockingham — Elisha S. Mowrey. 1862. i C. Stewart Ells, DavenjDort — < Thomas K. Fluke, ( George M. Matthews. Le Claire — Horace Carpenter. Winiield — John C Qninn. Princetf)n — Giles M. Pinneo. Buffalo— Dan B. Shaw. Blue Grass — Daniel L. Lyon. Hickoi'y Grove — James H. Ross. Pleasant Valley — Philip Earhart. Allen's Grove — ^Ephraim Snyder. Liberty — Azotus M. Frost. Cleona— Benjamin P. Putnam. Rockingham — Elisha S. Mowrey.* 1863. f John L. Davios, Davenport — -{ Thomas PL Fluke, ( George M. Matthews. Le Claire — Horace Carpenter. Winiield — Henry G. Neal. Princeton — Giles M. Pinneo. Bufl'alo — Warner L. Clark. Blue Grass — Daniel H. Lyon. Hickory Grove — James H. Ross. Pleasant Valley — ^Philip Earhart. Allen's Grove — Montgomery Thompson. Liberty — Azotus M. Frost. Cleona — William M. Murray. Rockingham — John Coleman. 1864. I John L. Davies, Davenport — -j George M. Matthews, i Moses C. Farber. Le Claire — Horace Carpenter. Winiield — Alexander Brownlee, Sr. Princeton — James McConnell. Buffalo— Warner L. Clark. ♦Died .ind .John Coleinau elected to fill the vacancy. HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. 377 Blue Grass — Samuel Little. Hickory Grove- -James II. Ross. Pleasant Valley — Jesse L. Hetiley. Allen's Grove — Montgomery Tliorapson. Liberty — Don C. Gates. Cleona — William M. Murray. Rockingham — Enoch Mead. ISHo. i John L. Davies, Davenport — } Moses C. Farber, ( George W. Matthews. Le Claire — Robert Scott. Winfield— E. S. Wing. Princeton — James McConnell. Buffalo — William Posten. Blue Grass — Samuel Little. Hickory Grove — James H. Ross. Pleasant Valley — Jesse L. Henley. Allen's Grove — William N'utting. Liberty — Don 0. Gates. Cleona— William M. Murray. Rockingham — George P. Whitcomb. LS66. f John L. Davies, rw ^ I Moses C. Farber, Davenport-^ George M. Matthews, I Charles S. Watkins. Le Claire — Robert Snuth. Wintiekl— C. H. Ficke. Princeton— Joseph McConnell. Buffalo— William Posten. I)lue Grass — Samuel Little. Hickory Grove — James H. Ross. Pleasant Valley^Bachus Birchard. Allen's Grove — William Nutting. Liberty — James II. Freeman. Cleona — William M. Murray. Rockingham — Edward Rickcr. Ben Butler~E. S. Wing. ISfiT. ( John L. Davies, |-v , Peter N. Lau, P 1 George M. Matthews, [ Chas S. Watkins. 278 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Le Claire — C C. Applegate. Winlield — James McManua. Princeton — G. W. Pinneo. Buftalo— G. W. Baker. Blue Grass— William S. Schmidt. Hickory Grove — James H. Ross. Pleasant Valley— Baclius Birchard. Allen's Grove— John Heller. Liberty — Joseph Freeman. Cleona — George W. Murray. Rockingham — Edward Ricker. Butler— D. R. Stearns. Lincoln— John Larrimer. Sheridan— H. JI. Fry. 1S68. f John L. Davies, I Th. Sindt, Davenport—-) Christ. Kruse, I Thomas Robeson, [G. M. iMatthews. Le Claire— C. C. Applegate. Princeton — Michael Moore. Buffalo— Geo. W. Baker. Blue Grass— James Herron. Pleasant Valley— J. "VV. Means. Allen's Gr(5ve— H S. Newton. Liberty — A. M. Aplin. Cleona— F. Theodore Blunck. Rockingham — S. Bawden. Butler— D. R. Stearns. Lincoln — W. B. Murray. Sheridan — William Rigg. Winfield—Ale.xander Williamson. Hickory Grove— Julius Langheim. 1869. ( Th. Sindt, I Chris. Kruse, Davenport— -{ Thomas Robeson, I Edwin Smith, [B. H. Lahrman. Le Claire — C. C. Applegate. Princeton — Mark Matthews. Butialo— Horace Miller. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNl'Y. 279 Blue Grass — Henry Goering. Pleasant Valley — James W. Means. Allen's Grove — E. S. Newton. Liberty — J. II. Freeman. Cleona — F. Theodore Bliuick. Rockingham — S. I^awden. Butler — William Cressler. Lincoln — Wm. B. Murray. Sheridan — William Rigg. Winfield — Alex. Williamson. Hickory Grove — Julius Langheim. 1870. fTh. Sindt, I John ]\[. Lyter, Davenport — -{ John Lambert, I H. A. Runge, l_B. II. Lahrmat). Le Claire — Erastus Decker. Princeton — Mark Matthews. Buftalo — Horace Miller. Blue Grass — Henry Goering. Pleasant Valley — James W. Means. Allen's Grove — E. S. Newton. Liberty — J. II. Freeman. Cleona — John A. Gittord. Rockingham- -Stephen Bawden. Lincoln — William B. Murray. Sheridan — William Rigg. Winfield — John Madden. Hickory Grove — Julius Langheim. ^ Butler — William Cressler. 1871. Julius Langheim. John L. Davies. Erastus Decker. 1872. Julius Langheim. John L. Davies.* Erastus Decker. 1873. George S. Shaw. George Murray Julius Langheim. ♦Died and George 8. Shaw appointed to fill the vacancy. 280 Julius Lauglieim. George Murray. Julius Langheim. John Madden. George G. Dennis. George Murray. Fred. Kautz. HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. IS 74. George Murray. John Madden. 1875. Jolm Madden. Fi'ederick Kautz. George L. Dennis. 1876. Julius Langheim. Frederick Kautz. George Murray. 1877. Julius Langheim. A. J. Emeis. Thomas W. MeCausland. 1878. A. J. Emeis, Tliomas W. MeCausland. E. S. Newton, H. S. Garlock. 187y. E. S. Newton, H. Thomson, Louis Schworm. 1880. T. W. MeCausland, E. S. Newton, Louis Schworm. 1881. Louis Schworm, John S. Ackley, F. A. Quistorf. 1882. John S. Ackley, Caspar Foster, Henry C. Chapman. George Murray, T. W. MeCausland, H. S. Garlock, II. F. Laverenz, H. S. Garlock, T. W. MeCausland, H. F. Laverenz, T. W. MeCausland, F. A. Quistorf, CHAPTER II. SCIENTIFIC. GEOLOGY OF SCOrr COUNTY, HY A. S. TIFFANY. Scott County is bounded on the south and east by the Mississippi River, and on the north by tlie Wapsipinecon. Tliese streams liave cut througli the superficial deposits and have invaded tlie underly- ine: rocks for a considerable depth. The lowest rocks ex]X)sed in the county are the Niagara limestone, Upper, Silurian series, whicli is exposed from east of Crow Creek, in Pleasant Valley township, through the eastern and northern boundaries of the comity. It is also exposed in the beds of most of the tributaries to the above named rivers throughout the northern and eastern por- tions of the county. It is a light-butl crystalline magnesian lime- stone, which makes a superior quality of quicklime. The organic remains it contains are, some of them, common to that group of rocks throughout the United States, and some of them are common in tlie same group of rocks in Europe. The next rock, in ascending order, is the Le Claire quarry rock. It deserves more than a passing notice, for its economic value as a dimension stone. It is easier wrought into the required shape, and more enduring than any other stone that has been used in the county. This stone may be examined at the comer of Brady and Seventh streets, Davenport, where it has been exposed to the most severe test for 27 years, yet sliows no signs of disintegration. Able geologists ditter in regard to t])e geological horizon of this rock. T'rof. James Hall, in his Report on the Geology of Iowa, page 74, regards it as tlie equivalent of tiie Onondaga salt group, and Prof. A. H. Worthen and Prof. C. A. White regard it as belonging to the Niagara group. The rock is almost destitute of organic remains, which leaves the student at sea with only lithol- ogy and super-position to determine its horizon. Its super-position cannot be studied successfully at Le Claire. Tiiere are, however, many places in Scott, Cedar, Clinton and Jones Counties wliere the super-position of this formation can be studied with some suc- cess, with the conclusion that it is superior to the Niagara. Tlie Niagara rocks had been land, and consequently subject to denuding (281) •282 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. agencies, foi- a lon^ periled before the formation under consideration had begun to be deposited. These older rocks had been deeply scored and grooved by the channels of drainage. Dui-ing tliis pe- riod many hundreds of feet of Silurian rock were deposited in the State of New York. When subsidence had brought the Niagara group below the ocean again, tlie deposition of the rocks under consideration took place, tilling the interstices iu the Niagara group. Being thus ])ro- tected by the older and harder Niagara rocks, they have escaped subsequent erosion, while tftehigherportions, which once connected these numerous outlines, have been swept away. There is a tine exposure of this rock on tiie south side of the Wapsipinecon River, six miles above Oxford Mills, where a hundred feet of strata may be seen, the top thin and fissile and somewhat porous, the strata becoming thicker as \'0u descend to the base, where they attain a thickness of 20 to 30 inches, close and compact, the lines of bedding being a perfect plane, resting on the rough Niagara, which is elevated above the water line of the river; the bottom layers contain cavities lined with caleshar, and in some places iiint concretions. Prof. Hall, in the New York Report of the Geology of the Fourth District, page 142. Fig. 57, in describing the water lime grou]), figures some acicular crystals of sulphate of baryta, which are numerous in this group of rocks at Anamosa. I regard this group as the equivalent of the New York water lime. It is calcareous in the west, and contains too little silica and alumina for a cement. The Devonian comes next in ascending order. The lower mem- ber is known as the Corniferous or Upper Helderberg. It makes its appearance a little below the mouth of Crow Creek, on the river shore, in Pleasant Valley township, and has extended west of the city limits of Davenport. Duck Creek has cut its channel through this formation from where the Harrison street road crosses it to its mouth. It is for the most part a hard, compact, heavy-bedded limestone, breaking with a rough fracture. It endures exposure well, and makes a strong but dark-colored quicklime. There are a few feet of its strata variegated with drab and gray, which have been exposed near the Great Western Brewery. The most of this formation is destitute of organic remains. A few feet of the upper section of rock at the quarries west of Dav- enport have furnished many fossils, which are characteristic of the group in other States, among which we have Terabraturia-har- '^. t / // I) HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. 285 monia, PUitijitorna-ventricosa, Naticopsis-hximuth, Parocelaa- o/iioensls, Protas-olarus, and tish remains. We have at this time collections of them in the hands of Professors St. John and Worthen, at Springfield, Illinois, for identification and description. The Hamilton group reposes on the Corniferous, where it has not been removed by erosion. The Hamilton shales make their first appearance in Le Claire's ravine, in Davenport. They are unknown east of that point in this county. The quarries previously men- tioned have a light covering of Hamilton remaining, which has not been removed by erosion. All the ravines in Buffalo township have made deep cuts through the Hamilton shales. On the Sauer farm, on section 13, the shales are largely made up of crinoid stems and bryozoa corals. The stems are for the most part white, set in buff and blue gangue. When polished they are very ornamental and have received the name of Iowa marble. At Buffalo the shales are developed at their full force. They are literally filled with organic remains, and have furnished a great vari- ety of good fossils to illustrate tiie life of the Devonian ocean. They become more calcareous west of Bufialo, and extend to the western extremity of the county adjacent to the river. The Kinderhook has been assigned to the sub-carboniferous by Professors A. H. Worthen and C. A. White. There are only a few small outlines remaining of this formation in the west end of the county. It is generally yellow and drab, soft arenaceous shale. It is exposed in several ravines in Buffalo township between the Ham- ilton group and the Coal Measures. COAL MEASURES. The Mississippi River has abraded its channel from about two miles below Le Claire to the western extremity of Scott County, through the Coal Measures, leaving remnants of shale and conglom- erate sand rock on either shore, generally remote from its margin. The lower coal vein. No. 1, which lies above and near the conglom- erate sand rock, is the only one which has been deposited in this county, and time justified Professor Hall's report. In his " Geol- ogy of Iowa," page 125, he says : "From all examinations made in this region, no evidence has been obtained of a second coal seam." 18 286 HISTORY OF SCOTT COtTNTT. Coal has been successfully mined in sections 2, 3, 9, 10 and 11, in Buffalo township, for many years. It is generally of excellent quality. This small outline will soon become exhausted and leave the people of this county dependent for their indispensable fuel to be brought from the Illinois or Central Iowa coal fields. There has already been a good deal of fruitless labor expended in search- ' ing for coal in Buffalo, Blue Grass, Pleasant Yalley and Le Claire townships. It is possible there may be some small pockets of coal that would be productive in this long field of thin outlyers. but the chances of the expense being rewarded is exceedingly small. The Coal Measures rest unconforraably on the Kinderhook, Hamilton, Corniferous, and the Niagara groups — on the latter alone in Pleas- ant Valley and Le Claire townships. QUATEENAEY. A large portion of the country is heavily covered with drift, the boulder-clay forming the base reposing on the underlying rocks. It is composed of clay, sand, gravel and small boulders. It is unstrat- ified and attains a thickness in some places of 60 to 80 feet. The gravel it contains is for the most part priiBitire, but some of it is from the Paloeozoic rocks, and not unfrequently places of coal. Upon tliis boulder clay grew the old conifer forest. It is the period of the elephant and mastodon. This forest-bed was finally covered with the layers, probably to a depth of more than 100 feet. Subsequent erosion has removed this as well as the underlying boulder-clay along the river valleys, and has reduced its thickness on the divides, or high prairie land, to trom 40 to 60 feet. The loess is composed of clay, very finely commuted silica, with a little lime and oxide of iron. It furnishes all the brick stock of this country. The loess has been described by some authors to be unstratified, which proves to be a mistake. It is only when long and deep cuts have been made in the loess where its stratified character is made to appear. It is usually modified by slides from ten to fifteen hundred feet from its outcrop, which destroys the lines of deposition. GE0L0GICA.L EXAMINATION OF A SECTION OF BLUFFS AT DAVENPORT. BY PEOF. W. H. PRATT. 1 have taken occasion to watch the progress of the excavation of the C, R. I. &P. R. R- track through the bluff" west of Daven- port and to note the arrangement and position of the deposits ex- HI8T0RT OF SCOTT COtTNTY. 287 posed, and to collect specimens of all the relics of the ages which are to be found there. The surface of the prairie, which at this point extends to the edge of the bluiis, is somewhat undulating, highest almost at the extreme edge, and gently sloping backward toward the north. The cut is nearly in a north and south direction, and the deepest part is 44 feet below the prairie surface. Beneath the recent soil, which is one foot in depth, is about 20 feet of the usual '"yellow clay" No. 2. The lines of stratification in this stratum consist principally of iron-stained streaks, and occa- sional thin layers of sandinterstratified, and frequently a distinctly laminated structure, the laminai being much curved. Many cal- careous sandy concretions of one or two ounces in weight are found in this yellow loam, which in all respects corresponds very closely with the loess of the valley of the Rhine, as described by Sir Charles Lyell, and indeed lie also alludes to the formation " which borders on the great plain of the Mississippi," as being of the same character. This loam also contains some shells, among which are found Succinea ohliga, S. avara, Helieena occulta, Pupafallax and Helix striatella, extremely fragile, but unbroken, which latter fact, in connection with the general uniformity and horizontal position in the strata, shows that the whole must have been deposited in comparatively still waters. This clay makes excellent brick. Next below the yellow clay, the line of division being in some places not very distinct, is a layer, varying from three to five feet in thickness of bluish clay. No. 3, containing a few shells of some of the above-named species. This cla}' presents no lines of stratification whatever, and there seems to be strong indication of its having been thrown down rapidly and very soon after the submergence or overflow which changed this whole region into an immense fresh- water lake. The above described layer rests directly upon a bed, one foot thick, of brown peat, No. 4, which, when thoroughly dried, will burn, though it is very poor fuel. In some places the forms of the peat-mosB, Hypum aduncum, as determined by Prof. C. II. Peck, State Botanist of New York, are preserved; and considerable quan- tities of much decomposed corniferous wood, some pieces being several inches in diameter, are found distributed through the peat bed. As no roots are found penetrating the soil, it seems doubtful whether the wood grew in the immediate locality. 288 HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Below the peat is the '- ancient soil," No. 5, two feet in depth. This is a rich vegetable mold, of a dark brown color, much resem- •bling the peat itself, but more decomposed, more earthy, and darker. Both the soil and peat are- of very uniform thickness, and exactly horizontal, while the overlying strata correspond in some degree to the contour of the prairie surface. No shells or other fossils have as yet been observed in this soil. Underlying the old soil and extending to the bottom of the excavation — about 18 feet, and probably much lower — is the boulder drift, No. 6, consisting of a very tenacious " blue clay," intimately mixed with tine sand, and containing much gravel and small boulders, and growing coarser as we descend. No shells or other organic remains have been discovered here. The pebbles and boulders of this formation have all been smoothly water-worn, and very many of them have subsequently been scratched and ground by glacial action, of the prevalence of which, in this latitude, at some remote period, they aiford good additional evidence, fully in accordance with the "glacial theory" so ably maintained by Prof Agassiz, and now generally accepted as a truth. It is quite apparent that all these strata were deposited before the mighty river, which, at a later period, iilled the valley from hillside to hillside, had excavated its broad channel, and the blufis had assumed their present form, and before any strong currents were established in the waters which accomplished the work. This is shown from the fact that all the strata, including the old soil and peat bed, extend entirely unchanged to the edge of the bluff, out- cropping when not hidden from view .by land slides, or by the recent soil. A tusk, several molars and some bones of a mammoth {^Elepha^ prlmi genius) of a race whose last individual roamed over the con- tinent ages ago, were exhumed sometime since by the steam exca- vator, and traces were observed of other portions of the skeleton entirely decomposed. This was found at the junction of the yellow and bluish clays, three feet above the peat bed, indicating that the skeleton was deposited after the blue stratum, the body having floated there upon the waters, or the creature perhaps hav- ing "waded in" to his destruction. The tusk was considerably broken by the machine, but was nearly all secured. It was nearly seven feet in length, very much curved, and measures four and three-fourths inches in diameter at the base. One of the molars weighs nine and a half pounds. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 289 One of the chief circumstances indicating that the cla}- No. 3, next above the forest bed, was deposited suddenly, is the appearance of an ancient ditch, which was cut through the peat bed and soil, and considerably below, its whole depth being about six feet. It would seem that it this iiad been exposed to the action of a flood of stil! waters for any considerable time, the black soil at its sides would have been softened and disintegrated, and settled down somewhat into the bottom, and the light-colored clay in set- tling gradually into the ditch, would necessarily have become more mixed with it, and if in running water it would still more certainly have been so. It is, however, distinct all the way down, the line between them being as sharp as a lead-pencil mark on paper. The clay within the ditch is as clean, and every way precisely the same, as that extending over the whole surface, and perfectly con- tinuous with it, and without the slightest appearance of separation. A sudden overflow of the clay upon this region might account for the position of the elephant bones several feet above the old surtace, by the animal being overwhelmed by it, and perishing there. MOUND NO. 3, cook's FAKM GROUP.* BY REV. J. GASS. Mound No. 3 is the largest of this group, and is situated on the highest ground in the vicinity. Its diameter at the base is about 60 feet and height three and one-half feet above the natural grade. Having been many years under cultivation, its height has doubtless been thereby somewhat reduced. The form is not coni- cal, but considerably flattened. It is a so-called double mound, there being in the central portion two graves, extending east and west, and parallel to each other, separated by three to four feet of earth, and excavated to a depth of two and one-half feet below the natural surface, reaching to the hard clay in the middle of the excavation, which is sloping on all sides, giving it a concave form, though flattened at the bottom. The actual mound raised over the whole is now only three to four feet above the original surface, and presents somewhat the form of a cone. When in the latter part of 1874 I, with the assistance of W. Engelbrecht, E. Borgelt and 11. Decker, who were at that time theological students, explored the other mounds of this group, I * From the Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Science. 290 HISTOKT OF SCOTT COUNTY. opened at the same time the southern grave of this mound, the details of which work I here give in full, from notes taken at the time. We made an opening several feet in width, and, as we afterward found, three or four feet to the south of the grave, in the southern part. At the depth of one foot we found a scattered layer of lime- stone, under which was a stratum of earth about one foot deep. At the southern side of this opening, one and one-half feet from the surface, we discovered two human skeletons. From the condition of these skeletons, and from their arrangement, and the nature of the objects found associated with them, it is clearly shown that they belong to our century, and not to the age of Mound-Builders, the bones being in a good state of preservation, and, as is often found in Indian graves, covered with the boughs of oak-trees. The objects found with these bones were a tine steel, a common clay pipe, a number of shell and glass beads and a silver ear-ring. A few of the bones exhibit some cuts, made apparently by sharp teeth or some cutting instrument. It should also be remarked that fragments of human bones were found scattered through the earth at about the same depth as the skeletons above referred to, — one and one-half feet below the surface. Immediately beneath the above mentioned skeletons was found a thin layer of river shells, from one to two inches in thickness, which sloped slightly toward the north. At the south side of this excavation, about two feet below the surface, we found a large quan- tity of ashes. This bed of ashes was beyond the circumference of the shell layer, hence we cannot positively determine whether the ashes had been placed there by the Mound-Builders. The layer of shells above ' mentioned rested upon a stratum of earth 12 inches in depth, under which was found a second bed of shells, three or four inches in thickness. This second layer of shells sloped more abruptly to the northward, which induced us to proceed in that direction, until we reached what proved to be the south side of the grave. There, at the depth of about two feet be- low the second shell bed, about five and one-half feet below the surface, were discovered three skeletons, two of adults, and the third that of a child, lying in a horizontal position on the hard clay, with the heads to the west and the feet to the east. The small skeleton was lying between the two larger ones. At the east end of the grave we found several small fragments of skulls. All of the bones were covered with loose black earth, occupying the space between them and the lower shell bed. Im- HISTORY OF SCOrr C'OUN'IT. 291 mediately in contact with the bones of the child's skeleton were a large number of copper beads. About three inches above the south- ernmost of the two larger skeletons and near the right shoulder were discovered two copper axes lying side by side, with the sharp edges toward the south. Near the northernmost skeleton were found three copper axes in the same relative position except that they were about two feet above the bottom of the grave, and imtnediately beneath the lower layer of shells. Nos. 1 and 2 were lying side by side with the sharp edge toward the south, and No. 4 lying across them with the edge westward. All the axes had been wrapped in cloth, which was more or less imperfectly preserved. A few ot the bones of the child were of a greenish color, quite well preserved, proba- bly b}' the action of the copper; while the rest of them, as well as those of other skeletons, crumbled in pieces as soon as removed. Just north of the northernmost large skeleton, and in a small cavity excavated at the north side of the grave, were found the fol- lowing articles: 1st, A number of small red stones arranged in the form of a star, about three inches in diameter; 2d, Two carved stone pipes, one having the form of the ground hog and the other a plain one; 3d, Several canine teeth of the bear, etc. ; 4th, One arrow head; 5th, One large broken pot. with bones of the turtle ad- hering to the inside of thefragments; 6th, Two pieces of galena; 7th, A lump of yellow ochre. Here I would also mention that at each end of this grave were found several stones of a few pounds weight each. The fact that the bottom of this grave sloped upward and out ward in all directions, confirmed our opinion that all the contents of this mound had been discovered and a further search would be useless. Messrs. Farquharson, Tiffany and Pratt, to whom full permission was given to prosecute a further search, concurred in this opinion, and did not think it advisable to avail themselves of the opportunity. The work on this mound was therefore discon- tinued, and operations commenced in an adjacent one. In tilling the field containing these mounds, many shells were turned up by the plow, on the north side of mound No. 3. This cir- cumstance led me to believe that the shell layer extended further to the north than I had formerly supposed, and to consider it prob- able that on the side opposite to the former excavation, on the northern slope of the mound, a second grave might be found north of the first, or some other reason must exist for the extension of the shell layer so far in this direction. 292 HISTORY OF SCOT!' COl'Na'Y. My iatention to begin in the latter part of the summer the work of a second excavation was repeatedlj' frustrated by the unusual wetness of the ground and various private hindrances, until the early settings of severe winter weather made it seem advisable to postpone operations until spring. Learning, however, in Decem- ber, that the farm was rented to a new tenant, who was to take possession on the first of March, 1877, and that after that date the permission to excavate, which had heretofore been freely granted, could no longer be obtained, the shortness of the time remaining induced me to commence a new exploration, in spite of the difE- cnlties attending such work in winter, the ground being frozen to the depth of about two and one-half feet. Accordingly, on the 10th of January, the weather having somewhat moderated, I com- menced the work, assisted by Messrs. Willrodt and Stroltzenan, aided also by live other men, whose curiosity attracted them to the spot. Commencing on the north side of the mound, about 15 feet northwest of one grave, and, as we afterward found, about six feet from another grave, we made an opening several feet in diame- ter. Five or six inches below the surface we came upon a shell layer one or two inches in thickness, which sloped downward to- ward the southeast, until at a distance of four or five feet it reached the depth of two feet, or rather more, from the surface. Between the sui'face and this tirst laj-er of shells a number of human bones were found scattered through the soil; also a num- ber of stones, which, as was afterward observed, were more nu- merous over the second grave. Associated with these bones, which, like those on the other side of the mound, were doubtless of modern times, we found a few glass beads and fragments of a brass ring. This layer of shells rested upon a stratum of earth from 12 to 15 inches in thickness; and beneath this was a second layer of shells. This layer was from three to four inches thick, and in a sloping position, nearly parallel with the upper layer. These indications caused us to continue our excavations in this direction, and SI) we reached the nortliwest corner of the second grave. Here the shell layer was live inches thick. Below this layer was a stratum of loose, black soil or vegetable mold, of 18 or 20 inches, resting on the firm, undisturbed cla}'. In this soil were discovered fragments of human bones, and small pieces of "coal slate," or bituminous shale. HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. 293 Tliese circumstances arrested particular attention, and caused mo to proceed with more caution, until soon after — about five o'clock in the afternoon — we discovere'i the two inscribed tablets of coal slate, which, with other relics from the mound, are now in the museum of the Academy. The two tablets were lying close together on the hard clay, in the northwest corner of the grave, about five and one-half teet below the surface of the mound, the larger one to the soutliward and the smaller one north of it. The smaller one is engraved on one side only, and the larger one on both sides. The larger one was lying with that side upward which was somewhat injured by a stroke of the spaile. and the smaller one with the engraved side upward. They were covered on both sides with clay, on removal of which the markings were for the first time discovered. A number of fragments of the coal slate lay in the immediate vicinity of the tablets. It should also be remarked that I did not leave the mound, after penetrating through the frost, until the tablets were discovered and taken from their resting-place with my own hands. South of the tablets, in the southwest corner of the grave, were found a few pieces of skull-bones, of which one piece was saturated with the green carbonate of copper. Also, several pieces of hu- man cervical vertebrae, a small bit of copper, and an artificially wrought bone. In this grave were a great number of bones of the body, and also in the northeast corner, as in the southwest corner above mentioned, .some j>ieces of skull and bones of the neck. It seems probable that liere had been two skeletons, h'ing one with the heail to the west and the other to the east, but this cannot be positively determined. About two and one-lialf feet esist of the west end, at the south side of the grave, and about three inches from the bottom, we found a copper ax, which exhibited no indications of having been wrap- ped in cloth, and two feet still farther east, on the same side of the grave, a few copper beads, fragments of pottery, and a piece of yellow pigment. A jiiece of mica, two crystals of "dog-tooth,'' some flakes of selenite, and a flint arrow-head were afterward found. In all parts of this grave, above the bones, we found many pieces of rotten wood, and. in one instance, a piece of bone about three inches in length, apinireiitly artificially wrought. The two shell layers over the second grave were united toward the middle of the mound, and formed a continuous layer with the shells in the southern part, showing that both of the graves were / 294 HISTORY OF scorr county. covered at the same time. These layers were lowest immediately over each grave. The shell-beds are composed of the species of river shells common in this vicinity, having been separated. They extend about two or three feet beyond the graves in every direction, terminating in a border of stone, fitted closely together, and form" ing on the north and south sides a layer of about two feet in width, and on the east and west sides consisting of only a single row. Over the middle of the broad layer of stones on the north side was found a bed of aslies and a number of human bones, at the junction of the layer of shells and stones at the northwest corner, and immediately beneath them a few fragments of bones, with cuts or scratches, like those described, found on the south side. It was remarked that in the earth near the surface of all parts of the mound were found more or less of human bones, showing that it was used as a burial place in comparatively modern times. Pieces of pottery were found at the top of this mound, also at the top of other mounds of this group. I subsequently made a further exploration of the mound, and it was at this time that the copper ax, a number of copper-beads and fragments of pottery and yellow pigment, mentioned in the de- scription of this mound, were obtained. The value of these articles in themselves is scarcely commensurate with the expense incurred, but the opportunity thus afforded for further observations upon the structure of the mound was very desirable, and has given us a better understanding of the whole, and I would present my thanks to the Academy for thus having enabled me to prosecute the work to completion, and to present a fuller description of the entire struc- ture. After finding the tablets, some intruders entered the excavation in our absence and took some relics, which, however,! was fortunate enough to obtain from them. These were some pieces of mica, some cr^'stals of dog-tooth-spar, flakes of selenite, and an arrow head, which are also in tlie Academy Museum, with the ax and other articles above mentioned. I now have to also reoort that in other places in the immediate vicinity, and to the southward of this group, where mounds are supposed to exist, I have made a careful examination by boring a great number of holes and examining the earth from diiferent depths. We found in each case a number of stones, as in the other mounds, and below these stones only sand and gravel and the hard clay, but no indications of shells, human bones or other artificial de- posits, and hence concluded them to be only natural elevations. CHAPTER III. PIONEER LIFE. One of the most interesting phases of national or local history is that ot a settlement of a new country. What was the original state in which the pioneer found the country, and how was it made to blossom as the rose? Pioneer life in Scott County finds its parallel in almost every county in the State, and throughout the entire West. The beauti- ful prairies were to be robbed of their natural ornaments and the hand of art was to assist in their decoration. Who was to under- take this work? Were they qualified for the task* What will be the effect of their labors upon future generations? EAKLY MANNEKS AND CUSTOMS. The young men and women of to-day have little conception of the mode of life among the early settlers of the country. One can hardly conceive how great a change has taken place in so short a time. In no respect are the habits and manners of the people sim- ilar to those of 60 years ago. The clothing, the dwellings, the diet, the social customs, have undergone a total revolution, as though a new race had taken possession of the land. In a new country, far removed from the conveniences of civili- zation, where all are compelled to build their own houses, make their own clothing and procure for themselves the means of subsistencCj it is to be expected that their dwellings and garments will be rude. These were matters controlled b}' surrounding circumstances and the means at their disposal. The earliest settlers constructed whaf were termed " three-faced camps," or, in other words, three walls, leaving one side open. They are described as follows: The walls were built about seven feet high, when poles were laid across at a distance of about three feet apart, and on these a roof of clapboards was laid, which were kept in place by weight poles placed on them. The clapboards were about four feet in length and from eight inches to ]2 inches in width, split out of white oak timber. Ko floor was laid in the "camp." The structure required neither door, (205) 296 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COUNTY. window, nor chimney. The one side left out of the cabin answered for all these purposes. In front of the open side was built a large log heap, which served for warmth in cold weather and for cooking purposes in all seasons. Of course there was an abundance of light, and, on either side of the fire, space to enter in and out. These " three-faced camps '' were probably more easily constructed than the ordinary cabin, and was not the usual style of a dwelling-house. The cabin was considered a material advance for comfort and home life. This was, in almost every case, built of logs, the space between the logs being filled in with split sticks of wood, called "chinks," and then daubed over, both in side and outside, with mortar made of clay. The floor, sometimes, was nothing more than earth tramped hard and smooth, but commonly made of " puncheons," or split logs, with the split side turned upward. The roof was made by gradually drawing in the top to the ridge-pole, and, on cross pieces, laying the "clapboards," svhich, being several feet in length, instead of being nailed, were held in place by poles laid on them, called " weight poles," reaching the length of the cabin. For a fire-place, a space was cut out of the logs on one side of the room, usually about six feet in lengtli, and three sides were built up of logs, making an ofl'set in the wall. This was lined with stone, if convenient; if not, then earth. The flue, or upper part of the chim- ney, was built of small split sticks, two and a half or three feet in length, carried a little space above the roof, and plastered over with clay, and when finished was called a •• cat-and-clay" chimney. The door space was also made by cutting an aperture in one side of the room of the required size, the door itself being made of clapboards secured by wooien pins to two cross-pieces. The hinges were also of wood, while the fastening consisted of a wooden latch catch- ing on a hook of the same material. To open the door from the outside, a strip of buckskin was tied to the latch and drawn through a hole a few inches above the latch-bar, so that on pulling the string the latch was lifted from the catch or hook, and the door was opened without further trouble. To lock the door, it was only necessary to pull the string through the hole to the inside. Here the family lived, and here the guest and wayfayer were made welcome. The living room was of good size, but to a large e.xtent it was all — kitchen, bed-room, parlor and arsenal, with flitches of bacon and rings of dried pumpkin suspended trom the rafters. In one corner were the loom and other implements used in the manufacture of clothing, and around the ample fireplace was collected the kitchen HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 297 fnrniture. The clothing lined one side of the sleeping apartment, suspended from pegs driven in the logs. Hemp and flax were gen- erally raised, and a few sheep kept. Out of these the clothing for the family and the sheets and coverlets were made by the females of the house. Over the door was placed the trusty rifle, and just back of it hung the powder-horn and hunting-pouch. In the well- to-do families, or when crowded on the ground floor, a loft was sometimes made to the cabin for a sleeping place and the storage of " traps " and articles not in common use. The loft was reached by a ladder secured to the wall. Generally the bed-rooms were sepa- rated from the the living-room by sheets and coverlets suspended fi'om the rafters, but until the means of making these partition walls were ample, they lived and slept in the same room. Familiarity with this mode of living did away with much of the discomfort, but as soon as the improvement could be made, there was added to the cabin an additional room, or a '• double log cabin," being substantially a " three-faced camp, " with alog room on each end and containing a loft. The furniture in the cabin corresponded with the house itself The articles used in the kitchen were as few and simple as can be imagined. A '"Dutch oven," or skillet, a long- handled frying pan, an iron pot or kettle, and sometimes a coffee- pot, constituted the utensils of the best furnished kitchen. A little later, when a stone wall formed the base of the chimney, a long iron " crane " swung in the chimney-place, which on its " pot-hook" carried the boiling kettle or heavy iron pot. The cooking was all done on the flre-place and at the lire, and the style of cooking was as simple as the utensils. Indian, or corn meal was the common flour, which was made into " pone " or " corn-dodger," or " hoe- cake," as the occasion or variety demanded. The "' pone " and the •' dodger " was baked in the Dutch oven, which was first set on a bed of glowing coals. When the oven was filled with the dough, the lid, already heated on the fire, was placed on the oven and covered with hot embers and ashes. When the bread was done it was taken from the oven and placed near the fire to keep warm while some other food was being prepared in the same oven for the forth- coming meal. The " hoe-cake " was prepared in the same way as the dodger — that is, a stift' dough was made of the meal and water, and, taking as much as could conveniently be held in both hands, it was molded into the desired shape by being tossed from hand to hand, then laid on a board or flat stone placed at an angle before the fire aiid jjattei down to the required thickness. In the fall and 298 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. early winter, cooked pumpkin was added to the meal dough, giving a flavor and richness to the bread not attained bj the modern methods. In the oven from which the bread was taken, the venison or ham was then fried, and, in the winter, lye hominy, made from the unbroken grains of corn, added to the frugal meal. The woods abounded in honey, and of this the early settlers had an abundance the year round. For some years after settlements were made, the corn meal formed the staple commodity for bread. These simple cabins were inhabited by a kind domestic industry and happiness rarely elsewhere to be found. It is well for " Young America ' ' to look back on those early days. It involved a life of toil, hardship, and the lack of many comforts, but it was the life that made men of character. Scott County to-day has no better men than the immediate descendants of those who built their cabins in the forest, and by patient en- durance wrought out of the wilderness the landmarks for a pros- perous commonwealth. One of these writes that " the boys were required to do their share of the hard labor of clearing up the farm, for much of the country now under the plow was at one time heavily timbered, or was covered with a dense thicket of hazel and voung timber. Our visits were made with ox teams, and we walked, or rode on horseback, or in wagons to ' meeting.' The boys ' pulled,' ' broke ' and ' hackled ' flax, wore tow shirts, and indulged aristocratic feelings in fringed ' hunting-shirts,' ' coon-skin caps,' ' picked ' and ' carded ' wool ijy hand, and ' spooled ' and ' quilled ' yarn for the weaving till the back ached." Industry such as this, supported by an economy and frugality from which there was then no escape, necessarily brought its own reward. The hard toil made men old before their time, but beneath their sturdy blows they saw not only the forest pass away, but the fields white with the grain. Change and alterations were to be expected, but the reality has distanced the wildest conjecture; and, stranger still, multitudes are still living who witnessed not only the face of nature undergoing a change, about them, but the manners, customs and industries of a whole people almost wholly changed. Many an old pioneer sits by his fireside in his easy chair, with closed eyes, and dreams of the scenes of the long ago. WEDDINGS. The wedding was an attractive feature of pioneer life. There was no distinction of life and very little of fortune. On these accounts the first impressions of love generally resulted in marriage. The KISTORT OF SCOTT COtTNTT. 299 family establishment cost but little labor — nothing more. The marriage was always celebrated at the Iiouse of the bride, and she was generally left to choose the officiating clergyman. A wedding, however, engaged the attention of the whole neighborhood. It was anticipated by both old and j'oung with eager expectation. In the morning of the wedding day the groom and his intimate friends assembled at the house of his father, and after due preparation, de- parted, en masse, for the " mansion " of his bride. The journey was sometimes made on horseback, sometimes on foot, and some times in farm wagons and carts. It was alwaj's a merry journey; and to insure merriment the bottle was always taken along. On reaching the house of the ])ride the marriage ceremony took place, and then dinner or supper was served. After the meal the dancing commenced, and generally lasted until the following morning. The figures of the dances were three and four handed reels, or square sets and jigs. The commencement was always a square four, which was followed by what pioneers called "jigging;" that is, two of the four would single out for a jig, and were followed by the remaining couple. The jigs were often accompanied by what was called "cut- ting out," that is, when either of the parties became tired of the dance, on intimation, the place was supplied by some one of the company, without interruption of the dance. In this way the reel was often continued until the musician was exhausted. About nine or ten o'clock in the evening a deputation of young ladies stole off the bride and put her to bed. In doing this they had to ascend a ladder from the kitchen, which was composed of loose boards. Here, in the pioneer bridal chamber, the young, simple-hearted girl was put to bed by her enthusiastic friends. This done, a deputation of young men escorted the groom to the same department, and placed him snugly by the side of his bride. The dance still continued, and if the seats were scarce, which was generally the case, says a local witness, every j'oung man, when not engaged in the dance, was obliged to offer his lap as a seat for one of the girls, and this offer was sure to be accepted. Dur- ing the night's festivities spirits were freely used, but seldom to excess. The infare was held on the following evening, where the same order of exercises was observed. SHAKES. Another feature of pioneer life which every old settler will viv- idly recall was the " chills and fever." " fever and ague," or "shakes," as it was variously called. It was a terror to new comers, 300 HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. for in the fall of the year almost everybody was afflicted with it. It was no respecter of persons; everybody looked pale and sallow as though frost-bitten. It was not contagious, but derived from im- pure water and air, wliich was always developed in the opening up of a new country of rank soil like that of Scott County. The impurities continued to absorb from day to da}', and from week to week, until the whole corporate body becomes saturated with it as with electricity; and then the shock came; and the shock was a regular shake, witli a fixed beginning and ending, coming on in some cases each day, but generally on alternate days, with a regu- larity that was surprising. After the shakes came the fever, and this "last estate was worse than the first;" it was a burning hot fever and lasted for hours. When you had the chill you couldn't get warm, and when you had the fever you couldn't get cool. It was exceedingly awkward in this respect — indeed it was. Not would it stop for any contingency; not even a wedding in the family would stop it. It was imperative and tyrannical. When the appointed time came around, everything else had to be stopped to attend to its demands. It didn't even have any Sundays or holi- days. After the fever went down you still didn't feel much better; you felt as though you had gone through some sort of a collision, threshing machine, or jarring machine, and came out, not killed, but next thing to it. You felt weak, as though you had run too far after something, and then didn't catch it. You felt languid, stupid and sore, and was down in the mouth and heel, and partially raveled out. Your back was out of fix, your head ached and your appetite was crazy. Your eyes had too much white in them; your ears, especially after taking quinine, had too much roar in them, and your wliole body and soul were entirely woe-begone, disconso- late, sad, poor and good for nothing. You didn't think much ot yourself and didn't believe that other people did either; and yon didn't care. You didn't quite make up your mind to commit sui- cide, but sometimes wished some accident would happen to knock either the malady or yourself out of existence. You imagined that even the dogs looked at you with a sort of commiseration. You thought the sun had a sort of sickly shine about it. About this time you came to the conclusion that you would not take the whole State as a gift; and if you had the strength and means you would pick up Hannah and the baby, and your traps, and go back " yauder " to " Old Virginny," the " Jarseys," Maryland or " Penn- sylvany." 0S^ ^5^ i^^, , i <^^ HISTORY OF scorr county. 303 And to-day, the swallows flitting Round ray cabin, see me sitting Moodily within the sunshine, Just inside my silent door, Waiting for the 'ager,' seeming Like a man forever dreaming ; And the sunlight on me streaming Throws CO shadow on the floor ; For I am too thin and sallow To make shadows on the floor — t Nary shadow any more! The foregoing is not a mere picture of the imagination. It is simply recounting in quaint phrase what actually occurred in hun- dreds of cases. Whole families would sometimes be sick at one time, and not one member at all able to wait upon another. Labor or exercise always aggravated the malady, and it took Gen- eral Laziness a long time to thrash the enemy out. These were the days for swallowing all sorts of roots and " yarbs " and whisky straight, with some faint hope of relief. Finally, when the case wore out, the last remedy got the credit of the cure. WOLF HUNTING. " In early days more mischief was done by wolves than by any otlier wild animal, and no small ]iart of the mischief consisted in their almost constant' barking at night, which always seemed men- acing and frightful to the settlers. Like mosquitoes, tlie noise they made appeared to be about as dreadful as tlie real depredations they committed. The most effectual, as well as the most exciting, method of ridding the country of these liateftil pests, was that known as the "circularwolf hunt," by which all the men and boys would turn out on an appointed day, in a kind of circle, comprising many square miles of territory, with horses and dogs, and then close up toward the center field of operation, gathering, not only wolves, but also deer and many smaller " varmint.'" Five, ten, or more wolves, by tliis means, would be killed in a single day. The men would be organized with as much system as a small army, everyone being posted in tlie meaning oi every signal and the ap- plication of every rule. Guns were scarcely ever allowed to be brought on such occasions, as their use would be unavoidably dan- gerous. The dogs were depended ujion for the final slaughter. The dogs, by the way, had all to be held in check by a cord in the 19 304 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. hands of their keepers until the final signal was given to let them loose, when away they would all go to the center of battle and a more exciting scene would follow than can easily be described. EELIGION. The religious element in the life of the pioneer was such as to attract tlie attention of those living in more favored places. The pioneer was no hypocrite. If he believed in horse-racing, whisky- drinking, card-playing, or anything of like character, he practiced them openly and above board. If he was of a religious turn of mind he was not ashamed to own it. He could truthfully sing, I'm not ashamed to own my Lord, Or blush to speak his name. But the pioneer clung to the faith of his fathers, for a time, at least. If he was a Presbyterian he was not ashamed of it, but rather prided himself on being one of the elect. If a Methodist, he was one to the fullest extent. He prayed long and loud if the spirit moved him, and cared nothing for the empty forms of religion: A traveling Presbyterian minister, visiting this region of country at a very earl}' day, thus s])eaks of the sectarian feeling which then existed. "In these new religions, too, of the most absolute independ- ence, you see all the wanderings of human thought, every shade of faith, every degree of the most persevering attachment to precon- ceived opinions. You see, too, all degrees of pretension in relig- ion, followed by unhappy manifestations of the hoUowness of such pretensions. You meet, it is true, with more cheering circum- stances, and we sometimes are able to see that which we strongly wish to see. At one point you meet with a respectable Methodist and begin to feel an attachment to the profession. He next meets you with harmony and co-operation on his lips, and the next thing which you hear is you are being charged of being a fierce Calvin- ist, and that you have preached that "hell is paved with infants' skulls." While, perhaps, the society with which you are con- nected hear from an opposite quarter, and from a pretended friend, that in such a sermon you departed from the dicta of the great Master and are leading the people to the gulf of Armenianism. The Baptists are as exclusive as in the older regions. Even among our own brethren, it is well known that there is some feeling of a HI8T0RT OF SCOTT COUNTY. 305 questionable nature, some rivalry between the pupils, the doctors and schools of Andover and Princeton. The Cumberland Presby- terians, with all the freshness of a new sect, are not found lacking in this order of things. Lastly, there are the Catholics, abundantly more imited in faith, in spirit, and in purpose than we are, who claim a kind of proscriptive right to the ground, on the pretext of prior possession. Add to these the followers of Elias Smith, and the multitudes of men who would be founders of new sects, and you will have some idea of the sectarian feeelings that you will have to encounter." But these sectarian feelings were not to last. Separated from the religious influences of the land of their birth, and seldom hear, ingthe gospel message, they were literally starving for the " bread of life," and the worthy minister, of whatever denomination, that chanced to call received a cordial welcome. The best the early pioneers had to give was at his service. All they required was that he be a true and faithful follower of Christ, and preach to them of a common salvation. CHAPTER ly. COURTS OP SCOTT COUNTY. "When Adam and Eve were placed in the garden of Eden, the Lord gave unto them laws requiring implicit obedience on pain of punishment for violation thereof. The existence of laws implies that there shall be courts of justice and officers to execute the laws. DISTRICT COURT. Scott County, on its organization, was made part of the second judicial district of the Territory of Wisconsin, Hon. David Irwin being the presiding judge thereof. In a small but well-preserved court record book, still among the archives of the clerk's office, at the court-house, can be seen the original records of the first District Court held in this county, in the fair hand-writing of the lamented Ebenezer Cook. The first entry made upon the records of the District Court is a certificate of the appointment of Ebenezer Cook, clerk of the court, bearing date May 30, 1838, and signed by David Irwin, pre- siding judge of the second judicial district of Wisconsin Terri- torv, and associate judge of the Supreme Court. Mr. Cook accepted the appointment and entered into bonds with John H. Sullivan and Adrian H. Davenport. This appointment was con- tinued by Judge Joseph Williams, the first presiding judge of the second judicial district of the Territory of Iowa, under date Oct. 4, 1838. It was further ordered by Judge Irwin that the seal ''hereunto attached" be until further notice recognized as the seal of the second judicial district for Scott County. This seal, be it known, bears no judicial impress, no scales of Justice, not even a vestige of Justice herself, in her usual blindfolded condition ; but simply the coat of arms of the United States as represented on one side of a good round silver quarter dollar, such money, in those primitive days being in vogue. As a seal of the court it is believed to have been as good as any other for the time being. (306) HISTORY OF SCO'n' COUNTY. 307 So much having been effected in the interest of justice unto some, and law for everybody, nothing further appears to have been done until the following October. In 1S38 Hon. Joseph Williams was appointed judge of the second judicial district. Judge Williams was from Pennsylvania, and settled in Muscatine early in the year 183S. He was a man of good talents, though not of judicial mind. As a public speaker, he was considered one of the best in the Territory. He was said to have been a natural orator, his powers of mimicry and facial expression being almost perfect. While on a visit East some years after, he met an old schoolmate and companion of his boyhood. The two together spent some happy hours in recalling the scenes of lon^ ago. Judge Williams wrote upon one of the books of his friend the following : 'O, Jerry, Jerry, I've found you at last, And memory goes back to the scenes of the past, And I think of old Somerset's mountain of snow, When you were but Jerrj', and I was but Joe. Judge Williams opened court here on the 4th day of October, 1838. The appointment of E. Cook as clerk was re-affirmed, and the " two bit " seal declared in full virtue. The court met in St. An- thony's church, a small building still standing in St. Anthony's church grounds and now used as a part of a school-house. Father Palamorgues, the then Catholic priest in charge, deemed it no dese- cration of the holy place to have it temporarily used as a temple of justice. It was a building of a single room, and small at that, hence afforded no accommodations for juries. Down Front street, three doors east of Main, was a low, two-story building, the prop- erty of Geo. L. Davenport, but partially completed, though the loxoa Sun had been darting its rays from the upper story since the previous August; — here was found a room in which the first Scott County grand and petit juries held their deliberations. The build- ing was afterward finished, and became the first family residence of Mr. Daveport. ) Frazer Wilson was appointed deputy marshal for this term of court, the marshal of the Territory not being present. The first business transacted was the issuing of a venire for a grand jury returnable forthwith, whereupon the marshal sub- poenaed the following named jurors: John Work, James 0. Kelley, J. A. Birchard, L. S. Colton, R. H. Spencer, James Mc lutosh, Walter B. Warren, Caleb H. Gardner, James Hall, Andrew Logan, 308 HISTOKT OF SCOTT COITNTT. Luman, M. Strong, Benjamin W. Clark, Jacob Heller, Philip Suites, William L. Cook, Samuel Hedges, A. J. Hyde, John Rob- inson, Isaac Hantley, John Lewis, Ira Cook and Smith Mounts. R. H. Spencer was appointed foreman. After being charged the jury retired, and after spending some time returned into court, and by their foreman reported that they had no business before them. They were each allowed for one day'^s attendance and mileage from their place of residence, after which they were discharged from any farther attendance at this term as grand jurors. On motion of Gilbert C. R. Mitchell, Rufus Harvey, of Rock Island, 111., was admitted to practice at the Scott County bar, the first to be admitted before the local court. On motion by the same, Simeon Meredith was also admitted, and there being no district attorney, he was by the judge appointed to that position pro tempore. Jonathan W. Parker was also admitted to practice. On motion of the district attorney the venire for the original grand jury was set aside, and a venire de novo for a grand jury was awarded, and made returnable forthwith. The sheriff reported as follows : Wheeler Hedges, W. B. V. Franks, Samuel Hedges, Alfred White, M. J. Lyman, J. M. Robertson, John R. Spicer, Isaac Haw- ley, W. L. Cook, L. S. Cotton, John Forrest, L. M. Strong, John Work, John Robinson, Ephraim Knapp, James Thompson, A. J- Patten, W. H. Patten, Cheney Munger, Seth F. Whiting. Wheeler Hedges and W. B.V. Franks were excused from attend- ance. The jury as impaneled were sworn in, with Samuel Hedges as foreman. The jury was charged and retired to consider busi- ness. The first term of the Scott County District Court lasted for three days. On the third day the venire which was placed in the hands of the sheriff on the first day for a petit jury was returned. The names of those selected were as follows: Roswell H. Spencer, A. J. Patten,^James Mackintosh,Walter B.Warren, Jacob Heller, Ephraim Lane, John Lewis, Andrew J. Hyde, William H. Baker, Caleb h. Gardner, Robert Mackintosh, Daniel Wilson, Richard Peace, John Squires, M. A. Harrington, James Hall, Cheney Munger. Why there were but 18 is an open question. The jury was re- turned Oct. 6, 1838, but on examination of the records of the county commissioners, we find that on the fourth of the preceding HISTORY OF SCOrr COtTNTY. 309 May, a panel of 24 was announced as " the petit jury of the lirst term of the District Court of Scott County." There are no records of such a term being held, and no one now living whom the writer has met can give any account of it. The records of the commission- ers show that of the 2-i called by the board only 11 came. Tiie jury impaneled Oct. 7 was discharged on the same day, and the proper allowance oi per diem, and mileage allowed. The first case docketed in the District Court was that of J. A. Birchard, Jr., Administrator, vs. Horatio G. Stone, C. C. Applegate, William Stacy, and Alfred "White, in which leave to file declaration was granted. The second was that of Paul Fullmer, vs. ilartin W. Smith and Piiilip Suiter. The defendants were the owners of a mill, just below the present city of Le Claire. Various cases followed, in which Elias Moore, Jacob Parlin, IJenjamin "W. Clark, William Gibbons, Otis Bennett, Piiiiana Brown, Smith Mounts, John Hen- ning, and various other parties were mixed up in the meshes of the law. The most interesting one, probably, was that of Alexander W. McGregor vs. John Wilson. In speaking of this case, the Democrat, of Davenport, says: '' Now the plaintiff was a lawyer, or had been before his coining West. He came with a considerable stock of goods, which he soon disposed of and then settled on a farm in the lower part of the township. As all men are liable to be elected to places of honor, so was McGregor elected to the Territorial Legislature which then had its sessions at Burlington. Men had axes to grind in those days as well as in this more advanced gen- eration, and John Wilson had a dull implement of that sort in connection with a coveted ferry franchise between Davenport and Rock Island. The story goes that AVilson induced McGregor to lend him a helping hand in this ferry job, with an understanding that iionest toil sliould not go unrefjuited. In fact, it is said some notes of hand were passed — the consideration of which had to do with able services to be rendered in Wilson's interest. There is a tradition among the old settlers that the labor was duly performed; but somehow Wilson became a defendant in court, the bone of contention being these promissory notes already alluded to. The suit was brought before John Forrest, Justice of the Peace, who after hearing the testimony and looking up the law points, satisfactorily, decided in favor of the plaintitf. " It is pretty generally noticed, even in this day, that when a party in a law suit loses his case, he thinks the judge, or jury, or the attorneys haven't done tlieir duty by him, and he wants to ap- 310 HISTORY OF SCO'lT CODNTT. peal. If he has property to stand the racket of the law, there are plenty of good attorneys who will stand by hira to the end — the end of the cash balance anyhow. Wilson's pocket was thrifty and his blood up. He would appeal. But the justice conld see no use in that. He had decided the case just right, as he verily believed, and he would hear to nothing of the sort. But the records of the court show Judge Williams' order, that the inferior court have all the papers and proceedings thereof touching the McGregor- Wilson case brought before him by the opening of the court the next morning, or be attached. It is probable that the papers were forthcoming. "The judge and the parties to the suit are all dead and gone. The justice, now a venerable old man, is still a good citizen of Davenport. Mr. McGregor, having retired from fanning several years after the time hereof written, moved into the city and estab- lished a law office, and in time drifted into the banking business. Speaking of Mr. McGregor, it ma}' he in order to relate a practical joke in which he and Ebenezer Cook had a slight interest. Mc- Gregor being away from Davenport awhile, sought to surprise his friend, Mr. Cook, who, going to the postoffice one day, was sur- prised when Postmaster Eldridge handed him out a considerable pakage, oa which the postage amounted to $5.40. Postage was not prepaid then as now. The parcel was from Pekin, III. Mr. Cook looked it over in astonishment. He knew'no one at Pekin ; the handwriting, moreover, was not familiar. He was not a Roths- child, and $5.40 for the single item of postage was a good deal of specie. After much hesitation and not without some misgivings, he paid the postage and opened the package. Pebbles and saw- dust ! that and nothing more, save a mere scrap of writing, which revealed the identity of the sender. Whether Mr. Cook ever re taliated or not is not known. The cases already mentioned pertained to the first day's session of the District Court of the County of Scott, Territory of Iowa. A srrand jury had been called, also a petit jury, and the machinery of the court placed in running order, though the petit jury venire had not been returned when the court adjourned for the day, on the fourth day of October, 18-38. The court convened the next morning. The first case on the docket was that of William Gibbons vs. Otis Bennett, entitled "Trespass in the case'' — probably a " claim jumping '' case, in- volvnig, as the plaintift swears in an affidavit for bail, about HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTV. 311 $700 The parties were Clinton County people, that county being attached to Scott for judicial purposes. The noted tirni of Rorer & Starr, of Burlington, appeared for defendant. Plaintifl' non-suited and the order of the court entered up" that the defendant go hence without dela)-, and recover against plaintifl the costs by him, about his defense, in this behalf expended." Whether he ever succeeded in getting even with said plaintiff is no recorded uj)on the papers at hand. The court papers fail to show the name of the plaintiff's attorney, if he had any. Of the defend- ants, Mr. Rorer was regarded as one of the first judicial minds of the commonwealth. Mr. ' Starr is dead. When the lamp of his life went out, one of the rarest, brightest intellects of the State was taken. Some very important business was transacted on the second day; for on motion of Gilbert C. R. Mitchell, W. B. Conway, the tirst Territorial Secretary of Iowa, James Grant and J.Wilson Drury were admitted to practice at the Scott County bar. Conway, dur- ing his short residence here, took up the quarter section now known as the Camp McClellan tract. He died in Burlington, the Territorial capital, the following year, 1839. His body was brought to Davenport for burial, the funeral rites being performed by Rev. Father Talamorgues, of St. Anthony's Church. James Grant has ever since been a citizen of Scott County, while J. Wil- son Drury has resided here and in Rock Island. Both have become noted lawyers and have occupied the judicial bench, the torraer in this district, the latter in that of Rock Island. At this time Mr. Grant had but recently come in from Chicago, then ])art corn Held and nearly all mud hole. He was a farmer also, having located on a farm in Blue Grass township. It will also be seen that Judge Grant's membership of the Scott County bar ante dates all its living members. His practice commenced with his admission and has continued without interruption ever since. On his coming into this district he brought the most extensive law library then in the Territory, and has held the rejnitation of keeping the best private one ever since. On this same day of court the grand jury which had been in session, made the first report of indictments, as follows: The first finding was not "a true bill," in the case of Jemima Bennett for adultery, and the same was true of Otis Bennett; Catherine Miller, having been considered by that body on a charge of "as- sault with attempt to kill," was likewise found not guilty. William 312 HISTORY OF scorr county. Gibbons was prosecuting witness ii! the first two cases. The fourth case reported was that of Fhilena Brown, for arson, against whom " a true bill " was found. George Eldred was prosecuting witness. This latter case, like the first two, originated in Clinton County before William Hogan, a justice of the peace there, and was founded on a charge that '' on the night of the third day of Sep- tember, 1838, she did burn one certain log house or cabin, which was the property and residence of this deponent (George Eldred) with a number of other articles; or that he believes the above named Philena Brown is guilty of the act, and further deponent saith not." She was held to bail in $500 to appear at the next term of the District Court, Matthew A. Harrington and R. C. Brown, sureties. The case came on for hearing before Judge Williams, with Simeon Meredith, prosecuting attorney, and Rorer & Starr, attorneys for defendant, who cleared their client, and an attachment was issued against Mr. Eldred for the costs, amounting to $100.31. which Deputy Sheriff Broddlestou returned with " no property found." The fee bill may not be uninteresting. It was as follows: clerk's fees. Entering defendant's appearance '. $ .12^ Discharging bail 25 Entering suit on court calendar 12^ Docketing cause , 18f Filing papers 31 J Swearing and impaneling jury 50 Taxing costs 37^ Entering motions llf Issuing subpcenas 37^ Issuing writ of executions ; 25 Taking two recognizances 50 Entering discharge 12^ Total |5.31i sheriff's fees. Attending prisoners before court $ -25 Making out jury list 25 Appearance of defendants ■ • . -12^ HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 313 Opening court • 12^ Serving on nine witnesses 1.6Sf Mileage, 40 miles 3.20 Total $5.t3J OTHER FEES. District Attorney's fee $ 6.00 Witness fees 83.36 Total fee bill $100.31 All of which Uncle Sam had to pay himself, as he undoubtedly did. Thus ended the first criminal prosecution in the Scott County District Court. Nobody convicted, nobody responsible for costs but the Government. Next followed an indictment for perjury. Then the grand jury retired, but, finding no farther business, was discharged with two days' fees and mileage, excepting John Work, who, having taken himself off without leave, stood attached to appear at the next term of court for contempt. As previously stated, the first case docketed in Scott County District Court was entitled : " Jabez A. Birchard, Jr., Administrator^ vs. PI. G. Stone, C. C. Applegate, William Stacey and Alfred White." The suit was brought on a certain promissory note of de- fendants, made to the plaintiff, as administrator of the estate of one Daniel Wyman, deceased, whereby they "jointly and severally promised to pay $!550 without defalcation or stay of execution ^ value received in a quit-claim to a certain tract of land lying at the mouth of Sycamore Creek." The note was drawn July 1, 1837. payable nine months after date. It was not paid as agreed, and suit was brought for the October term, 1838 — the first court held in the county. James W. Grimes, of Burlington, was the plaintiff's attorney, and G. C. R. Mitchell and Jonathan W. Parker, of the law firui of Parker & Mitchell, of Davenport, for defendants. The musty old papers in the oflBce of the clerk of the District Court contain the usual proceedings — the original petition in the lawyer-like hand- writing of the future governor of Iowa and senator of the United States ; the answer of the defendants in the more plain and leisurely written hand of the future judge, Mr. Mitchell. The subpoena by which Roswell li. Spencer, Andrew J. Hyde, 314 HISTOEl OF SCOTT COOfTT. Medad J. Lyman, George Carpenter and Ira F. Smith, were sum- moned to appear, is made out on a roughly printed blank from the lotoa Sun printing office, by D. Hoge, Clerk of the Court in the May term of 1S39, The answer contains the usual denials, denying everything that the plaintifFs petition contains, slick and clean. The case went for the plaintiff, and execution was issued for the sum of $353.73, which was paid July 5, 1S39, to Mr. Birchard, and the execution was de- clared satisfied in full, by A. H. Davenport, Sheriff, by Richard Hamer, Deputy. The entire cost of the suit amounted to $17.12^. This would be considered a very moderate bill in these late days of more expensive litigation. A scrap of paper in the bundles shows that the witness, Carpenter, did not live to collect his witness fee, but that it was collected into the estate after his decease by William Nichols, Administrator. In December, 1S73, the Democrat of Davenport liad this to say of this case : " Thirty-five years have elapsed since James W. Grimes drew up the petition and Ebenezer Cook filed it. The judges, the two clerks of the court (^ Ebenezer Cook and David Hope), the attorneys on both sides, the plaintiff and two of the defendants ( Stacey and White ), have passed beyond the bench and bar of earthly tribunals ; the two sheriffs and two of the defendants are yet among the living. Frazer Wilson, the first sheriff of Scott County, is a resident of Rock Island, we believe ; and A. H. Dav- enport is a merchant residing in Le Claire, where also lives Applegate, and ( we believe ) Mr. Stone. Two of the witnesses, Roswell H. Spencer and Andrew J. Hyde, are yet living, the former in Rock Island, the latter on the same farm of many broad acres on which he lived at the time of which we write. The original papers before us, in all their mustiness, seem not to have been opened out to the light for a third of a century. The paper is coarse, dingy white, rough of surface, and guiltless of ruled lines. The seal bears the impress of the "silver quarter," and wherever used is denominated the " temporary seal." Exceedingly has the business of this court swelled since the filing of these original papers. Numerous judges have occupied the same bench since then, one of them, G. C. R. Mitchell, one of the attorneys in the case. Lawyers by the hundreds have appeared within the bar since then, and clients by the thousands have sought justice thereat, sometimes in vain, more often, let us hope, sought and found ; millions have rained from the pockets of those who HISTORY fiF SCOTT COUNTY. 315 thought to secure their rights or defend their wrongs, and still the court sits on. the sueingand the sued ; lawyers and clients gain in nutubers year afteryear as theearth revolves, and the world increases in light and knowledge. So it has and does ; so it will until the mystic millenial day. when the lion plaintiff and the lamb-like de- fendant shall lie down together in peace, and the child-like lawyer shall lead them — no more forever. " The second session of the District Court of Scott County was opened May 27, 1839, and as before, in St. Anthony's church. Hon- Thomas S. Wilson had succeeded Judge Williams upon the bench; A. H. Davenport had been appointed sheriff by the Territorial Legislature; and at chambers in Dubuque, on the 21st of the pre- vious February, David Hoge was by Judge Wilson appointed clerk of the court, and John V. Berry was appointed district attorney. This was an entire re-organization of the tribunal of justice in this Judicial District, which embraced the counties of Scott, Clinton, Dubuque and Johnson. There was no lack of business on the docket. In fact, for a com- munity so young and a population so sparse the alacrity with which it embraced the courts was highly gratifying — to the lawyers. On the first day of the court James Grant, an attorney for the village of Rockingham, moved that " this court do now remove to the village of Rockingham, for reasons by him filed." The records assert, '"Therefore, the court, after having: heard the argument of the counsel on the part of the motion and that of counsel opposed, took the same under advisement until to-morrow morning." Again we quote from the Democrat: " Right diligently have we searched the old papers of the court in quest of the ' reasons by him filed,' but all in vain. Of course the record books show notiiing of the stir that the motion made in court. But what naturally would be the result of such a high- handed attempt to forever wipe the then infant metropolis of the State out of existence, and by the removal of the court condemn it to everlasting odium and disgrace, may be easily imagined. It was not enough that Judge Irwin, of the United States District Court, had turned his back on the infant city, because of the unex- ampled nastiness and discomfort of the local tavern, and opened court in Rockingham, that he might fare sumptuously every day at the more magnificently kept caravansary of Henry W. Higgins; it was not enough that the legislative triumvirate of the county had hoisted its flag at the doomed villaj^e, utteriv refusin? to acknowl- 316 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. edge Davenport, save as a neighboring dependency; all this humil- iation was not enough; but this belligerent gentleman, then as now the farmer-lawyer, must rise in his place, and in a loud voice, a motion make that this court adjourn to Rockingham! Tlie only reason that can be assigned for this willful attempt at urbicide is found in the fact that Mr. Grant's farm was two miles nearer Rock- ingham than Davenport, and consequently, if his motion prevailed he would have a full hour more in each day of the session in milk- ing his cows and hoeing his bean patch. " But the motion didn't prevail, and Davenport was saved from the very brink of everlasting disgrace! The friends of Davenport arose in their might. It is not necessary to say that the pure- minded judge was in any way influenced, for judges never are; nor yet will it suffice for the Rockingliamers to say that he was a Dubuque man, and in all matters between Davenport and Rock- ingham, Dubuque sided with the former. We will say nothing about the reason for the refusal to grant the motion, but sim- ply to reproduce the words of the court as recorded in the Court Record : " 'The application to remove the District Court of the United States in and for Scott County from Davenport to Rockingham. '• ' For that it seems to the court that the subject matter of this motion does not come before the court in the proper form ; it is therefore considered by this court that the relators take nothing by their motion, and that the same be overruled.' " It is needless here to depict the chagrin that mantled the expectant Rockinghamers, or the exultant joy that thrilled the Davenport heart, as the decision fell from the lips of this noble Daniel of the law. The town rang out with rejoicing, and an old settler informs us that some of the ' boys ' didn't get well over the exciteraeut for as much as a day or two, so intense was their en- thusiasm. "The District Court never adjourned to Rockingham. Mr. Grant took the case up to the higher tribunals, but while it was stew- ing in the court the pluck of the good people of Rockingham gave out; they abandoned the idea of making it the county seat, with- drew all proposals to the county commissioners to build a court- house and jail at their own expense, and so the matter of removal ended forever." Hon Thomas S.Wilson, the second judge of the district, .was identified with the interests of Iowa before it became a State. While it was a Territory he was appointed one of its judges ; and HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 317 there are persons now livin» who recollect him, with his boyish look, sitting on tlie bench about -iO years ago. His history ]ire- seiits points of no inconsiderable interest. He was born in Steubenville, Ohio, on the 13th of October, 1S13, and was the son of Peter Wilson and Frances yStokley) Wilson. He was educated at Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., an;i grad- uated in 1S32. After studying law two years he was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in his native town. In a short time he came West, stopping first at Prairie du Chien, Wis., where he had a brother, Capt. George Wilson, of the United States Infantry, under command of Colonel, afterward General, Taylor. In the autumn of 1S36 he selected Dubuque for his home- Here he has resided for over 40 years, and has often been the recipient of political honors. It was in ISoS, when but 25 years of age, that he received from President Van Buren the appointment of one of tlie judges of the Supreme Court of the Territory. In June of the same year he was nominated as a candidate for Con- gress by the northern counties, and was preparing to commence the canvass when the news came of his judicial appointment. Judge Wilson sat on the supreme bencii till ISiT, one year after Iowa assumed her sovereignty, when he left that high position to form a law partnership with Piatt Smith and his brother, David S. Wilson. In April, 1852, he was elected judge of the ninth judicial dis- trict, and held the office 10 years. Judge Wilson was in the Iowa Legislature two terms, in 1S66 and 186S, and at the former session was offered the complimentary vote of the Democratic members for United States Senator, but declined the honor. Judge Wilson married Miss Anna Hoge, of Steubenville, Ohio, before he left his native State. She died in lS5i, and 10 years later he married Miss Mary Stokley, a native of Derbyshire, England. On the admission of Iowa into the Union, and under its first constitution, Scott County formed a part of the second district, together with the counties of Buchanan, Cedar, Clayton, Clinton, Delaware, Dubuque, Fayette, Jackson, Jones and Muscatine. In 1847 Allamakee and Winneshiek were added to the district, and in 1851 Black Hawk, Bremen, Butler and Grundy- James Grant, of Scott County, was the first judge of the district, and was elected April 5, 1847, and commissioned April 27- 318 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. James Grant was born on a plantatiou near the village of En- lield, Halifax Co., North Carolina, Dec. 13, 1812. His father, James Grant, was the eon of James Grant, who belonged to the High- land class of Grants, fought for the Pretender at the battle CuUo- den, and was transported for the good of King George II., with 1,500 others of like rebellious opinions, to the colony of North Caro- lina. His mother, Elizabeth Whitaker Grant, was the daughter of Mat. C. Whitaker, of Halifax County, who emigrated to North Carolina from Warwick Co., Virginia, and who was a lineal de- scendent of the Rev. Alexander Whitaker, an Episcopal min- ister who was one of the firstVirginia colonists, and who baptized Pocahontas. Probably the portrait of Alexander Whitaker in the act of baptizing Pocahontas, in the rotunda of the capitol, at Wasli- ington, is an imaginary one, but many people think it bears a striking resemblance to the Whitaker family, now very numerous in North Carolina, and which numbers among its members Mat. Whitaker Ransom, a senator from North Carolina, and a son of a sister of James Grant's mother. James Grant, in size and personal appearance, with a broad fore- head and small features below, bears a marked resemblance to his mother, and from her inherits both mental and physical peculiari- ties. He bears no resemblance to his father, except in certain ex- pressions of the countenance when in repose. His father was a man of large body, six feet high, bony and muscular; he was born to affluence, and was fatherless from his infancy. Like most Southern young men, he was not inured to labor; and without par- ents to guide him, and possessed of abundance, he studied no pro- fession, followed the business of a planter, and lost his estate from sheer improvidence, before his son was 12 years old. Judge Grant was the second of eightchildren. There was nothing peculiar about him in infancy. His first recollection is not unlike the picture we see of the boy in new boots. He remembers when his frock, as it was called, was discarded for breeches. He com- menced going to school the January after he was eight years old. On Monday, before he began, his mother taught him his letters. In 10 months he could spell every word in Walker's dictionary. He was precocious. It was no trouble to him to learn, no matter what the study. He would occupy no place in his class but first, and when his lessons were learned no boy was more ready for play. He was always ready to play, to fish, to hunt, to ride. He was never truant from school, or from any duty, but always wanted his ^^^^z-^ <2^ • 6ru>~Z^.-z^<^ Hif'ltyKBSallSLS,' Cy^(yaA.Qc:c^ .^ Cji. OLdU- HISTORY OF SCOTT COtJNTT. 321 own way. His plays were the amusements of men. He wanted a gun to shoot large game, not birds; to hunt the fox on horse- back, and not the hare on foot. The schools at which he was tautrht were called academies, where boys were fitted for college, and wliere Greek and Latin were taught, to the exclusion of many studies now properly deemed essential to a common education. At 13 he was prepared for college, and taken to the university of his native State, at Chapel Hill, to join the freshman class; but he was so small that the venerable president, who had taught his father, advised the latter to retain him at home for two years, then have him join an advanced class. This advice was followed, and James Grant entered the sophomore class of 1828, having for school-mates, among others, J. D. Hooper, Thomas Owen, Allen and Calvin Jones, Jacob Tompson, Secretary of the Interior under President Buchanan, James M. Williamson, now of Memphis, Ten- nessee. Grant was taken sick in his senior year, and graduated, with a class of 13 others in 1S31. As he was not a student for part of the year, the distinctions of the class, the highest of which would have been his, were conferred on Hooper and Calvin Jones. Young Grant was a diligent student, and still in size a boy, with classmates young men. In the study of mathematics he had no equal, and his teacliers pronounced him the best mathematician ever in the college up to that time. It will be seen that Grant graduated while he was under 18. After graduating, he taught school three years at Raleigh, and emigrated to the West when he was 21. He is the only one of his class who emigrated to the Northwest, and he emigrated be- cause he hated to live in a slave State. He reached Illinois in December, 1S33, obtained license to prac- tice law in January, 1831, and settled in Chicago, then a village of 5<>0 inhabitants, in April, lS3-:>-. Shortly after he went to Chicago, a list-fight about his first client brought him into notice, and he soon acquired reputation in his business. His combativeness has been sobered by age, but it has not left him entirely j'et. He remained in Chicago until June, 1838, when he discovered that the lake winds impaired his health, and he emigrated to the Territory of Wisconsin, selecting Daven- port, in Scott County, for his future home, on the ISth of June, 1838. On the 23d of June Congress created the Territory of Iowa. On the 8th of July, 1839, he married his first wife, Sarah E. Hub- 20 322 HISTOKT OF SCOTT COUNTT. bard, who was born within sound of the waves of Plymouth Rock; and thus the Puritan of Massachusetts and the Cavalier of Virginia were united in the cold country of the Northwest. His first wife gave birth to a daughter, who died in 18il, and the mother followed her to the grave in 1842. In January, 1S44, he was married to Ada C. Hubbai-d, who emi- grated from Windsor, Vt., to Scott County. She died in child- birth, in June, 1S46, leaving a daughter, who survived her mother a year. On June 10, 1848, he was married to his present wife, Elizabeth Brown Leonard. She was born Dee. 21, 1825, in the town of Griswold, New London Co., Conn. Her parents were James and Betsy K. (Brown) Leonard. Her father emigrated from Con- necticut with his family in October, 1838. After a long and tedi- ous journey of eight weeks by New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, the Ohio River, and St. Louis, they all crossed in safety the great Father of Waters on an ice bridge, from Savannah, 111., to Charleston (now Sabula), Iowa, the 12th of December, 1838. Sabnla was the home of her father, James Leonard, till his death, which occurred suddenly at Iowa City, in May, 1845, while a member of the Legislature, then in session at this place, and was the home of his only daughter (Mrs. Grant) until lier marriage in June, 1848. Judge Grant has met with great success in his profession. In 1S34 he was appointed by Governor Joseph Duncan prosecuting attorney for the sixth district of Illinois, comprising all the north part of the State from Chicago to Galena, to Rock Island, Peoria, Hennepin, La Salle, Iroquois. He traveled this circuit on horse- back, and rode about 3,000 miles a year. In June, 1836, he resigned his olfice, finding that it interfered with his home business. When he first emigrated to Iowa, he lived on a farm, near Dav- enport, and was disposed to give up his practice, but his profession would not leave him. In 1841 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives, of the fourth Iowa Territorial Legislative Assembly, from the district composed of Scott and Clinton Counties, his colleague being Joseph M. Robertson. In 1844 the people of Scott County elected him to represent them, with Andrew W. Campbell and Ebenezer Cook, in the first Constitutional Convention, and in 1846 he was again sent by the people of Scott County as their sole representative to tlie second Constitutional Convention, and in both sessions he drew u]i the section embracing the bill of rights. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 323 The Legislatures of Territories are apt to have difficulties with an executive appointment by the President. Governor liobert Lucas had his, not only witii the Legislature, but with his secretary. Gov- ernor Cliambers, a Whig, wlio succeeded Lucas, a Democrat, had a refractory council, who could not confirm his appointments, and in 1845 or 1846, when his quarrel with the council was at its height, he met Grant in the Supreme Court room. He knew that Grant though a Democrat, cared nothing for politics, and had no political ambition, and he sent his name to the council for prosecuting attor- ney in his district. The council confirmed the appointment, after rejecting several others, and Grant had to take the office, or ofi'end both governor and council, the former of whom thought he was doing a gracious act, and the latter, that one of their own party ought to accept their confirmation. After the adoption of the constitution framed in 1847, under which Iowa was admitted into the Union as a State, Grant was elected, April 5, 1847, a judge for the district composed of the counties of Allamakee, Black Hawk, Ereiner, Butler, Buchanan, Cedar, Clay- ton, Clinton, Delaware, Dubuque, Fayette, Grundy, Jackson, Mus- catine, Scott, and Winneshiek, and held the office during the term of five years, declining a re-election. But although such a man as Grant can easily decline an office, it is not so easy to put off a title, and that of judge has clung to him ever since his elevation to the bench, and by it we designate him in this sketch. In 1851 Judge Grant gave life and vigor to the project of the Chicago & Rock Island Kaiiroad, was its first president, and made a contract with Sheffield & Farnura to build it. In 1852, he was again a member of the House of Representatives in the Iowa Legislature from Scott County, with Captain Leroy Dodge as bis colleague, and was elected speaker. Since that time he has kept aloof from office. During the years from 1853 till now he has been engaged in the largest and most lucrative practice of any attorney in the North- west, and in 1873 his firm received and realized, in a single law suit, a fee exceeding $lnO,000. Hon. John F. Dillon, ex-Judge of the United States Circuit Court, who, as man and boy, has known Judge Grant from almost the first day of his arrival in Iowa, says of him: " Judge Grant's life has been given esseiitially to the law. AH out- side of this has been merely accidental. His political career and his public services, except those upon the bench, are mere episodes in his life. Although he has kept alive his classical attainments in a degree quite unusual among men who have become eminent 324 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. in the law, his main energies and his chief studies have been in the line of his profession. Bj this we do not mean that he has been divorced from the world and closeted in his law library; on the contrary, he has always taken a lively interest in the current events of the day. " Few men have a better practical knowledge of mechanics and of agriculture, or acquaintance with the wonderful achievements of modern science, than he. If his professional life had been cast in some of the older States or larger cities, his tastes would ])robably have led him to have made the laws of patents for inventions a special study, and he would have become eminent in it to a re- markable degree. " Early in life he discovered the advantages to be derived from the possession of law books, which are the most effective imple- ments in a lawyer's vocation. It is a fact well-known that he is the owner of the most complete and valuable private law library in the West, perhaps in the United States. But it is not so generally known that he commenced to gather this library jenvs ago, when he was vouug and poor, and that a large portion of his surplus earnings went steadily into it from year to year, at a time when most lawyers, under similar circumstances, would have considered themselves unable to buy books. I cannot speak as to the exact value of his law library, but I suppose it cannot fall short of $30,000, and may much exceed this sum. I cannot permit this occasion to pass without an expression of the sense of my great obligation to him for the free use of his library. This valuable privilege he has not only willingly extended, but the favor has been heightened by the warmth and courtesy with which the acceptance of it has always been invited. But my own experience in this respect is not singu- lar and I share it in common with hundreds. To every lawyer iind to every judge his library doors stand always wide open. '• It illustrates his public spirit to recur to a fact well known in Iowa. When the Legislature required a term of the Supreme Court of the State to be held twice a year at Davenport, it was made a condition that it should be without cost to the State,— a species o^ economy, by the way, which has nothing to recommend it. The better to accommodate the court and the bar. Judge Grant fitted up a room for the use of the court above his library, and set it apart for them for several years, neither receiving nor expecting compensation. The judges and bar of the State cannot but feel how much they are indebted to him for access to a library which was until recently the only one in the State at all complete. HISTOKV OF SCOrr COUNTY. 325 "Judge Grant combines tlie essential qualities of a successful lawyer. And lirst among these I place integrity^ without which no man can be a great lawyer, nor for any considerable length of time a successful one. He is utterly incapable of consciously mis-stat- ing to a court a fact, or the effect of a decision, or concealing ad- verse decisions. "He has the zeal and courage necessary to great success at the bar. In addition to this, nature has gifted him with most felici- tous powers of expression. In the use of strong, pure, vigorous English, it is rare, indeed, to Und one who equals him. I have heard him make a law argument of an hour's length, without, as it seemed to me, hesitating fur a word, and without using a superflu- ous one. Every sentence was short, and, unconsciousl}' to him, cleai-ly cut and finely chiseled — in its way a work of art that I have often admired. " He is a man of strong and tender emotions, and occasionally, when the subject is such as to enlist his feelings, truly eloquent in the highest sense of this expression. His eulogy of the lamented Stockton, which was unpremeditated, pronounced at a meeting of the bar of Scott County, brought tears to eyes unused to weep, and will never be forgotton by any who heard it. Though char- acterized by less feeling, and therefore not so impressive, his re" marks on the death of the late chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in the Circuit Court at Des Moines, were scarcely less happy. If nature had given him a more mellifluous voice, he would have gained distinction as a mere orator whether he coveted it or not. " But his great success in his profession has not been alone ow- ing to the qualities and gifts I have named. He \vm, di, practical sagacity so marked as justly to entitle it to tlie name of genius. I cannot descend into details, but it is this quality which enabled him so early to discern that the tide of municipal railway-aid-bond liti- gation taken at the flood would lead on to fortune and to fame. He fought that battle for years. Every inch of ground was hotly con- tested. The State Courts were against his views. The lower Fed- eral Courts were likewise against him; but in general he was sus. tained by the Supreme Court of the United States; but he had to carry his points one by one, and the contest extended through many years. Whatever may be thought of the legal merits of the controversy in its varied phases, all will agree that for Judge Grant 326 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. it was a splendid professional victory, one which has justly given him great distinction and a satisfaction which is not diminished by the more substantial rewards with which it has been attended. ''What I have called his genius, is as strikingly exemplified by what is known as the Mark Howard case, arising out of the sale of the old Mississippi ct Missouri Railroad to the Rock Island com- pany, in which his sa racity and prompt action secured to his clients near a million of dollars, and to himself and partner a fee which is understood to be not less than $100,000. " His success as a lawyer is by nothing more conclusively shown than by the circumstance that although living in a new State and comparatively small city, his legitimate professional income is prob- ably not exceeded by that of any lawyer in the United States. "He had ceased to be a judge before I was admitted to the bar, and hence I cannot speak of him in this respect of ray personal knowledge. " Bat it is concurrent testimony of the bar that he evinced great capacity for the prompt dispatch of public business (a most valua- ble quality in a nisi prius judge), and that his decisions marked an independent mind, disposed to follow the law found in the books where it promoted justice in the particular case, but restive somewhat under precedent when not conducive to this end. Like Mansfield, he tempered the law with equity, and if a judge must err in this respect, this is an error on the right side, and one which it is easy to pardon, and not diflicult even to admire." In referring to the personal characteristics and peculiarities of Judge Grant, Hon. George G. Wright saj's, in substance: "Judge Grant is a man of very strong feelings and convictions; quick, frank, and outspoken, and hence by some thought to be a man of strong prejudice. In his judicial capacity, if convinced that wrong or oppression was attempted by one party, his detesta- tion of it was so strong that if the least doubt obtained, he was apt to solve it in favor of the wronged. " He conceals nothing; you know where he is all the time. He never leaves you in doubt. If you ask his opinion of friend or foe, with uiiequaled frankness he tells you, setting down in his judg- ment ' naught in malice,' and withholding nothing from you. "He is large-hearted and most liberal, and exceedingly devoted to his family. Without children of his own, he has always had his house filled with them, of relations on both sides. In this respect there is no one like him in all my acquaintance. He has absolutely added to his before large and most commodious house HISTORY OF SCO-IT COUNTY. 327 to accommodate his adopted children, and no one can see the least thing in all his conduct toward them to show that thej are other than ' bone of his bone and flesh of his flesh.' Constituted as I have hinted, he knows no such thing as denying them any want, or refusing them any request. " He is a fine classical scholar. It is seldom one meets any one 80 thoroughly at home in the classics, and he has a memory which enables him to retain not only his early but his later studies and learning. With ancient as well as modern history he is quite familiar, using readily, and often with the best eflect, the finest eflforts and perorations of the best authors, whether of this or an- cient times, of this country or abroad. " Judge Grant has a voice which makes him notable wherever he goes. Clear, strong, ringing, he commands attention in any crowd and before an}- tribunal. It is said that he once led an unsophis- ticated officer — outside of a crowded court-room — to believe that a fight was in progress or imminent, by his tone and manner in ad- dressing a jury; and so excited was the official, and so active his eflforts to get in and separate the supposed combatants (court at that day being held in a building used as a store-room) that he stepped to the top and sank to the bottom of a molasses barrel. Or, if this incident is not well-authenticated, it is true that after he and Gen. James Wilson had defended the Indians charged with the murder of a white man, and after the chiefs had refused to pay the General anything more, they proposed to pay the ' little lawyer with the big voice ' $300 more. The Judge laughingly says that this was the only time when his z^o/ce brought him any money. His friends, liowever, know better, and that it has been of not a little value to him all through his most active life. And he has led a real active life. He can do now more work than half the young men in the State. As a farmer, — and he has had large interests as such ever since he has been in Iowa, if not before — actively engaged in breed- ing the best horses, sheep, cattle and game chickens; as a member of the school board; as a lawyer, whether at nisi prius, in the Supreme Court of the State, or in Federal Courts; as amember of a deliberative body, wherever he is or in whatever engaged, he has always been a leading, working man, allowing no one to do his part, always at his post, always ready with his eases, and yet always genial, accomo- dating, courteous and polite. I doubt whether any one ever heard him, however sore his disappointment, say an unkind word of a court deciding against him, or knew him to do ought to bring the decisions of a judicial tribunal into reproach or disrespect. 328 HISTOBT OF SCOTT COUNTY. "He was well fitted for pioneer life. Able, dignified, and fully imbued with that strong feeling of self-respect which makes the true gentleman, he could and did accommodate himself to his sur- roundings, taking life as he found it, and yet always laboring to elevate society and make it better and truer. If he could not have the most elegant court-room, he nevertheless held his court and dis- patched business, giving to all a hearing, and administering jus- tice to the rich and poor alike. It is told of him that on one occasion he could not reach the county seat of a new county, situated on a rising river and without houses, but could the opposite bank of the stream, which was too high to cross; tiiat there was but one, and that a divorce case, on the docket; that he ordered the sheriff (on the other side of the stream) to open court, heard the testimony and arguments across the water, announced the decision, and ad-- journed the court, and then struck for the next court. For this I do not vouch, but it is not unlike him (if the circumstances ren- dered it necessary), nor the least to his disparagement. "Judge Grant likes to make money, not for the money, but because he likes to contribute to the welfare and happiness of those dependent upon him, and because he is truly a liberal and public- spirited man. Few lawyers in Iowa, by their profession, have made 80 much. His habits are the very best. He uever dissipates in any way, either by the cup, dice-box, cards, or otherwise. In view of his active life, mixing or brought into contact with all kinds and classes of people, subjected to all the trials and inconveniences of pioneer life in his profession, not a member of a Church, it may well be doubted whether this could be asserted with equal truth of any of his fellows. He is remarkable for his utter abhorrence of bad men, lewd society, and I verily believe he would rather have any young man dependent upon him jro to an earl}' grave than to fall into the habits of too many young men in drinking, gaming, and indolence, for he has a most sovereign contempt and dislike of all laziness. His influence has been largely for our good on our institutions and laws. A man so active is always accomplishing something. More than once I have suggested to him that he should retire, quit work, and enjoy rest and quiet. But this I knew he could not do. He finds the most happiness, the most comfort, the most rest, in work. He will go on just as he has for much more than one-fourth of a century, until life's pilgrimage is closed, always with head and hands full, doing more and resting less than any man around him. He appears as young and active as he did 30 years ago. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 329 " Of bis apparel he never seems to take a thought. If he had the most costly he would never look dressed. While he cultivates cleanliness of person, he never takes a second thought whether boots are polished or otherwise; whether collar or necktie is on or off; whether the hat is in style or not, or whether his clothes are old or new. In some respects he may be called eccentric, and yet he is ever true to himself and to his true nature." Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, who served for several years as Territorial judge, a sketch of whom appears on a preceding page, succeeded Judge Grant. He was elected A]iril 5, 1852, and served until legislated out of office the following year. On the 9th of February, 1853, a new district was formed named the eighth, composed of the counties of Scott, Cedar, Clinton, Jackson, Jones and Muscatine. William E. Leffingwell, of Clinton County, was elected April 4, 1853, judge of this new district. He subsequently resigned and John B. Booth, of Jackson County, was appointed by the governor to till the vacancy, and qualified April 15, ISS-t. He served until the election of his successor, William H. Tnthill, of Cedar County, who was elected in April and qualified May 3, 1855. The following sketch of Judge Tuthill is from the American Biographical Directory. The Tuthills in this country are of English pedigree, and de- scended from John Tuthill, who settled at Southold, Long Island, in 1640. The grandfather and great-grandfather of William Henry Tut- hill were participants in the struggle for American independence. His father was James M. Tuthill, for many years a merchant in New York City, wiiere the son was born on the 5th of December, 1808. His mother was Emma Townsend, a descendant of a prominent English family, a representative of it early settling on Long Island. The subject of this biographical sketch was educated in a private school in New York City, receiving instruction, in addition to the rudimentary branches, in Latin, French and the higher mathe- matics. From early youth he had a very studious disposition, and mastered other branches after leaving school. Having completed bis school education young Tuthill learned the art of copper and steel-plate engraving, working at it a few 3'ears, when his health gave away, and he was obliged to quit the business. In 1832, dur- ing the first year the cholera was in the country, he acted, by ap- pointment, as assistant secretary of the Xew York Board of Health, as secretary of the special medical councils; and among his duties 330 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. was the compiling of the daily reports of cholera cases. Subse- quently he entered the Chemical Bank, now the Chemical National Bank, of his native city, and was a clerk there a number of years. In 1840 Dr. Tuthill immigrated to Cedar County, Iowa Terri- tory, spending one year in the southern part, and in the spring of 1841 located permanently in Tipton. "When he first came to Cedar County there was not a house of any kind on the present seat of justice. Tipton was surveyed and laid out early in the spring of 1840, and when he opened a store there the next year there was not more than a dozen families in the place. After continuing in trade about two years he turned his attention to law, which he had read some before, and on the 13th of November, 1846, was ad- mitted to practice in the United States Court. He continued in practice until elected judge of the eighth district in 1855, wear- ing the ermine five or six years. During this period he was also engaged in banking. He has been in that business since 1850 and is known as the literary banker of Iowa. Dr. Tuthill was prosecuting attorney at an early period in his legal profession, and has been notary public constantly for over 36 years. He was originally a Whig, and attended all the State conventions of that party in Iowa, until its dissolution in 1854, when he united with the Republicans. He has been nominated at difl^erent times for both Houses of the General Assembly when a nomination was equivalent to an election, but he peremptorily refused to accept tiie nomination. The oflices which he has held were urged upon him. Judge Tuthill is an Odd-Fellow, and has been grand master ot Iowa, and grand representative of the Grand Lodge of the United States. He is honorary member of several historical and literary societies; is an ardent bibliopholist and an antiquarian; has a large law library, and more than 5,00i) miscellaneous volumes — one of the largest and best collections of scientific and literary works in the State. His callections in genealogy and heraldry are quite extensive. His editions of the ancient classics, Livj-, Virgil, etc., are of the richest kind. He possesses numerous editions of the Bible, from the "Breeches," 300 years old, down to the present time. One edition is in six royal folio volumes, the pages be- ing the size of an ordinary quarto newspaper, with numerous engravings by the best British artists. Only a few of the pro- ductions from thepenof Judge Tuthill have been published, among them a very able and exhaustive review of the " Dred Scott decis- HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 331 ion" delivered as ati address in 1860, and wliicli is said to have swelled the Republican vote of that year; a few historical sketches for the " Annals of Iowa," and an address delivered on the occasion of the gathering of the Tiithill family at Soiitiiold in 1870. Physically, he is small and frail, having more mind than body. A stranger conversing with him would say that the engine is mucli stouter than the machinery that holds it. Although five feet and eight inches tall, his greatest weight ever reached was 126 pounds. Of late years it has averaged lOS pounds. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and a man of very pure character. .1 udge Tuthill has had two wives. The first wife was Miss Sarah Smith, of New York City. She was married in 1S33, and died in 1841. The second was Miss Dorothy Platner, of Cedar County, married in 1843. She had one child. The 6th of February, 18.57, a new district was created composed of the counties of Scott, Clin- ton and Jackson. Gilbert C. R. Mitchell, of Scott County, was elected Judgeof the district, April 6, 1857, and qualified May 20, but subsequently resigned, and Asahel H. Bennett was appointed by the governor, and served until the district was abolished and new dis- tricts organized under the cjnstitution of 1857. A sketch of Judge Mitchell will be found under head of " Illustrious and Prominent Dead." A reference is also made to Judge Bennett in the " Bar History." In accordance with Article V. of the constitution of 1857, 11 new districts were created, and Scott, Clinton, Jackson and Musca- tine comprised the seventh judicial district. John F. Dillon, of Scott ('ounty, was elected judge of this dis- trict, Oct. 12, 1858, and re-elected Oct. 15, 1862. He subsequently resigned, his resignation to take effect Dec. 25, 1863, having been elected Judge of the Supreme Court. J. Scott Richraan succeeded Judge Dillon, having been appointed by the governor to fill the vacancy, Oct. 27, 1863, and elected by the people Nov. 8, 1864. He was reelected Oct. 9, 1867. Sketches of Judges Dillon and Richman will be found in a succeeding chapter on the " Bar." W. F. Brannan, of Muscatine County, sueceeded Judge Dillon and served until 1875. Walter I. Hayes, of Clinton County, succeeded Judge Brannan, and yet serves the district as judge. Walter Ingalls Hayes, Judge of the seventh judicial district of Iowa, was born at Marshall, Mich., on the 9th of December, 1841, and is the son of Dr. Andrew L. and Clarissa Seldon (Hart) Hayes. 332 HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. His father was a native of New Hampshire, of Scotch-Irish ances- try, a scion of the New England Hayes family, his mother being a Sanborn, of Sanbornton, N. H. Dr. Hayes was educated and bred to the profession of medicine in his native State, but commenced his professional life in Michi- gan, of which State he was an early settler, taking an earnest and active interest in its initial concerns. He was a member of the Legislature that first sent Gen. Cass to the United States Senate; was a brigadier-general of the State militia, and took a lively inter- est in military affairs; served in the Texan war, and rendered important aid in the raising of troops at the commencement of the late Rebellion, but died in 1861, before he had time to buckle on his sword in defense of his country. Although a practicing physician throughont his life, yet he was commonly known in Michigan as General Hayes. The mother of our subject was born in Durham, N. Y., of English descent, her ancestry running back to the early Puritan stock of New England. His parents being in easy circumstances, the early life of our subject was pleasant and smooth, free from the bitter but often beneficial experiences with which the early lives of many men of distinction have been fraught. He received his early education at the common schools of his neighborhood, commenced the study of law at tiie early age of 19 years in the ofBceof Hughes & Woolley, at Marshall, Mich., the senior member of which was the Hon. D. Darwin Hughes, now of Grand Rapids, of that State. He subse- (piently graduated at the law school of Ann Arbor in Michigan, and was admitted to the bar of that State in 1863. A year later he became a member of the firm of his late preceptors, which then went under the style of Hughes, "Woolley & Hayes. In 1866, being offered a desirable partnership by General N. B. Baker, late adjutant-general of Iowa, he removed to Clinton, Iowa, where he has ever since resided, and at once entered into active prac- tice, the firm being Baker & Hayes. This partnership continued for about two years, and until General Baker removed permanently to Des Moines after which he was without a partner until 1872, when he became associated with the Hon. George B. Young, then circuit judge, which position the latter resigned in order to resume his practice. This alliance, under the name of Hayes & Young, continued with great success until August, 1875, when upon the recommendation of the bar of the seventh judicial district, he was^ although a Democrat, appointed by Governor Carpenter to complete HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 333 the unexpired term of Jud^e Braanan, resigned, and in October following he was elected to the same position by the people, with- out opposition. His professional career has been characterized by steady, onward and upward progress. He has never deviated into special grooves, bat has always been a court and trial lawyer, and eminently successful. He was United States commissioner for the eastern district of Michigan from 1S6J- until he left the State, and was city attorney of his native city for the year 1865. He was appointed U. S. Com- missioner for Iowa in 1867. and held the office till appointed district judge. He was city attorney for Clinton, Iowa, during 1869, and city solicitor daring 1S70 and 1871, and was again elected to that office in 1875, holding it until his elevation to the bench. He was then the Democratic candidate for circuit judge in the seventh dis- trict in 1868, but was defeated by Judge Young, afterward his law partner. In 1876 he was the Djinocratic candidate for a seat on the supreme bench of the State, ha ving been nominated by acclamation. He wasa delegate to the Democratic State Convention of Michigan in 1864; also the Iowa Democratic State Cjnventions as a rule since 1868, and to all of the Congressional Conventions of his district since that period. In 1872 he was an alternate delegate to. and acted in, the Baltimore convention that nominated Horace Greeley for the presidency, and when appointed judge was chairman of the Clinton County Democratic Committee, a member of the District Congres- sional Committee, and a member of the State Democratic Commit- tee. He is a stock holder and director o f Clinton National Bank. In accepting the office which lie now fills with so much ability, Judge Hayes made a serious pecuniary sacrifice, relinquishing a practice inferior to but few in the State, and yielding a revenue of more than twice his official salary, and retains the position only at the request of the bar of the district, unanimously expressed in ])ablic meeting held at Davenport in the summer of 1876. It is superfluous to say that Judge Hayes has given universal satisfaction on the bench. He is not only a well-read lawyer, hut is also gifted with a master mind. In his decisions he is eminently equitable, looking only to the legal ])oints and true issues of the controversy, irrespective of the standing of litigants or the prominence of attorneys, and fortifying them by sound reasoning and established precedent. As a result of this his judgments have been sustained with remarkable uni" formity by the Supreme Court where appeals have been taken. He 334 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. is as active in mind as in body; thinks quickly, and decides promptly all questions submitted to him, and is the same courteous gentle- man on the bench as in the social circle, never having been known to utter a harsh word to any attorney practicing before him. Whether in otiicial or private life, he is characterized by the most thorough independence, tempered in all cases by the courtesy and blandness of the gentleman. His honesty as a gentleman, and his ability as a jurist are of the highest order. On the 28th of June, 1865, he married Miss Frances L., daugh- ter of William F. Coan, President of the Clinton National Bank, Iowa. However great the volume of business now before the District Court, there have been times in the history of the county when little was done. In April, 1846, the court met, and adjourned the same day, there being only one case on the common law docket, and none on the criminal. In September, 1847, the Gazette, under date of the 9th, said: "The District Court adjourned last Tuesday for want of business, it having been organized the day previously. When we take into consideration that on account of the sickness of Judge Wilson we had no court last term, this speaks well for the peaceful character of Scott County." The clerk ot the District Court in his annual report Nov. 1, 1848, says: " I have the pleasure to report that there has been no conviction for crimes or misdemeanors since my last annual report in said court, and would add further, that there have been but five indict- ments in all found for the past year. James Thorington, Clerk.'" These five indictments proved to be, two malicious, two aban- doned by the prosecuting attorney, and the other ])arty was ac- quitted without the jury leaving the box. But the business of the court has increased since that day, and the criminal record has grown, though taking its population and other circumstances into consideration, Scott County will favorably compare with any county in the State. In 1877 the following convictions were had: 1 vagrancy; 4 petit larceny; 1 assault with intent to do bodily injury; 11 nuisance; 2 falsely assuming to be constables; 3 common assault; 2 malicious mischief; 2 man-slaughter; 1 house-breaking; 1 keeping house of ill-fame; 1 forgery; 1 uttering forged bond; 1 breaking into build- ing and larceny; 2 securing property under false pretense. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. 335 In 1878 there were 10 assaults; 3 riot; 2 keeping gambling lionse; 1 maiming; 11 larceny; 3 burglary; 1 obtaining property under false pretense; 3 robbery; 1 malicious mischief; 3 breaking and entering; 1 manslaughter. In 1879 there were 8 breaking and entering to commit public offense; 2 assault; S larceny; 6 assault with intent to do bodily in- jury; 1 nuisance; 3 malicious mischief; 1 resisting an officer; 1 permitting gambling; 2 keeping house of ill-fame; 2 adultery. In 1880 there were convictions for the following crimes: Steal- ing from person, 1; larceny, 2; assault with intent to inflict bodily injury, 4; assault with intent to commit murder, 1 ; breaking and en- tering into store building, 2; stealing from a public building, 2; assault, 1; breaking and entering building to commit public offense, 1; larceny from private building, 3. In 1881 the convictions were for the following crimes: Bur- glary, 2; robbery, 2; breaking and entering buildings, 7; stealing, 3; larceny. 13; assault with intent to commit rape 1; assault with intent to commit bodily injury, 2; keeping house of ill-fame, 3; as- sault, 3; obtaining money under false pretenses, 1. From the annual report of the clerk of the District Court, it is found that in 1878 the total expenses of the county on account of criminal prosecutions, includingamount paid the District Attorney, was $2,166.15. In 1879 the amount was $4,692.94; in 1880 it had increased to $9,407.51; which was still further increased in 1881 to $10,812.28. CIRCUIT COURT. In 1868 Circuit Courts were created having jurisdiction in all common law cases together with probate jurisdiction. The circuit comprised the same counties composing the District Court — Scott, Muscatine, Clinton and Jackson. Henry H. Benson, then of Mus- catine, but now of Scott, was the first Circuit Judge in this circuit, being elected in the fall of 1868, and beginning the discharge of his duties in January, 1869. D. W. Ellis succeeded Judge Benson January, 1873, and was re-elected in 1876. In 187S the district was divided into two cir- cuits, Clinton and Jackson comprising the first circuit, and Scott and Muscatine the second circuit. Mr. Ellis, living in Clinton County, was continued as judge of the first circuit of the seventh judicial district; D. C. Richman was elected for the second cir- cuit and yet serves as circuit judge. 336 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. De "Witt Clinton Richman was born at Somerset, Perry Co., Ohio, on the 1st of September, 1826, and is the seventh child of Everet and Mary ( Scott) Richman, natives of Pennsylvania, and brother of Hon. J. Scolt Richman. The father of our subject was a Methodist minister, and died when the latter was but three years of age, leaving the care of a family of seven children upon his wife, who seems to have been one of the noblest of her sex. Her genealogy has not been preserved beyond the fact that she was descended of Scotch ancestors, and that she exhibited many of the traits of character for which that utilitarian race are noted. Her watchful care for her children was unceasing, and her widowed life was apparently planned and lived for the main purpose of rearing her offspring so that they might be prepared for honorable and useful lives. And after they had grown up and gone out into the world she often expressed great satisfaction that her care and watchfulness had been so richly re- warded. She died among her loved ones at a good old age. De Witt C. was educated at the primitive public schools of Buck Co., Pennsylvania, where his mother moved soon after the death of his father, from which schools he graduated at the age of 12. He was alwaj^s fond of reading and committing to memory long picizs. Recti's poetical and prose writings were his favorite works ; and he]committed almost the whole of " Guy Mannering" to memory. From the ao-e of 12 to 16 vears he worked on a farm in Bucks County, except a few months spent in a store in Philadelphia. He served about a year as clerk in Trenton, New Jersey. At the age of IS he removed to Muscatine, Iowa, where his oldest brother, John W., was in the grocery- business. Here he remained two years clerking for his brother, after which he re- turned to Trenton, N. J., and resumed his clerkship and remained there till 3853, when at the request of his brother, J. Scott, he returned to Muscatine to pursue the study of law in his office. He had previously read a little of Blackstone and Kent, but now set about it in good earnest, and in the year following was ad- mitted to the bar. Being at the time on a visit to friends at Knoxville, 111., at the suggestion of Judge Hannaman, of that city, he was examined and admitted to the bar there, and afterward at Muscatine. He was subsequently admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Iowa; and in March, 1869, was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States. •V ■' \i »tr^ '\. (-Myr^ w^ ^h bo-crA^ HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 339 In 1855 he became a partner with his brother, J. Scott Richman, which partnership continued until December, 1863, when the latter accepted a seat on the bench of the District Court of the seventh judicial district of Iowa, whereupon our subject formed a co-partner- ship with J. Carskaden. Though naturally averse to active litigation, it has seemed to be his lot to be engaged in some of the most important and hotly contested suits arising in his district, among which may be mentioned the special railroad tax case growing out of the special tax voted in aid of the Muscatine Western Railroad, in 1871, the collection of which was strongly resisted by many taxpayers and a great many other very intricate cases. In politics, our subject was raised a Whig, and on the expiration of that party united with the Republican, to which he still adheres though he has never held nor sought an office. During the late war he was among the staunchest supporters of the Government, and gave time, money and labor, toward the rais- ing of recruits for the army, and for the benefit of sick and dis- abled soldiers and their families. He was married at Brooklyn, New York, on the 1st of Septem- ber, 1855, to Miss Mary Berdine. As a lawyer, he takes rank with the foremost at the bar where he has practiced. He puts himself in full sj'mpathy with his client, and throws into his argument an earnestness and energy which seldom fail of effect. He has a high appreciation of professional honor, and would scorn to do an act dishonorable or unfair; nor will he on any consideration shield a known criminal from justice. But though an eminently successful lawyer, it must be confessed that his natural tastes seem more adapted to the peaceful and quieter walks of literary life than to excited forensic debate. Such tastes and habits have doubtless kept him out of politics, where he might have made rapid advancement and won greater renown. PEOBATE COUKTS. A Probate Court was established in Scott County at the time of its organization, and Jonathan W. Parker was the first judge of probate, receiving his appointment from the governor of Wiscon- sin Territory of which it formed a part. He served about one year and was succeeded by Ebcnezer Cook. Tiie first term of the court under Judge Parker was held May, 14, 1838. The first business transacted was the filing probating 21 340 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COUNTY. the will of Abraham Trucks, who died in Davenport a few months previous. In May, 1839, Judge Cook held his first term. He served until 1842, when James Thorington was elected. Judge Thorington served until 1S51, when the office was abolished by law, the duties of which under the new law devolved upon the county judge. COUNTY COURT. In ISol county courts were established and the office of county judge created. By the same act the office of probate judge was abolished, as were also the offices of county commissioners, the duties of the commissioners and probate judge devolving upon the county judge. "William Burris was the first county judge. He was elected in the fall of 1851, qualified, and at once entered upon the discharge of his duties. Jndge Burris served four years, and was succeeded by William L. Cook, who also served a term of two years. Charles Weston was elected in 1857 and served two years. K. Linderman was first elected in 1859 and re-elected in 1863. In 1867 he was succeeded by T. D. Eagal, who served until the office was abolished, January, 1S69. Charles Weston was born in May, ISll, in Washington Co., N. Y. He was the youngest son of Hon. Roswell Weston, Judge in the Court of Common Pleas. He graduated at an early age at the Rens- selaer Institute, of Troy, and in 1832 commenced reading law under his father and Gen. Orville Clark, who were then in partnership. He remained with them some two years and then transferred his studies to the office of Hon. Esek Cowen, who was afterward one of the justices of the Supreme Court of the State. Several of the highest lawyers of the day were cotemporary with Judge Weston at the time — Hon. Mark Skinner, now of Chicago, and Nicholas Hill, of Albany, N. Y., studying in the same office, and Hon. Daniel Ullman and Hon. Ed. Sandford being admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in the same class of examination in 1836. I CHAPTEK V. THE BAR OF SCOTT COUNTY. In reviewing the historj' of the bar it must be borne in mind that as the prosperity and well-being of every community depends upon the wise interpretation, as well as upon the judicious fram- ing of its laws, it must necessarily follow that a record of the mem- bers of the bar must form no unimportant part in the county's history. Upon a few principles of natural justice is erected the whole superstructure of civil law, tending to meet the wants and subserve the interests of all alike. The business of the lawyer is not to make the laws, but to apply them to the daily affairs of men. But the interests of men are diversified, and where so many inter- ests and counter-interests are to be protected and adjusted, to the lawj-er and judge are presented many interesting and complex problems. Change is everywhere imminent. The laws of yesterday do not meet the wants and necessities of the people of to-day, for the old relations do not exist. New and satisfactory laws must be estab- lished. The discoveries in the arts and sciences, the invention of new contrivance for labor, the enlargement of industrial pursuits, and the increase and development of commerce are without prec- edence, and the science of law must keep peace with them all; nay, it must even forecast the event, and so frame its laws as will most adequately subserve the wants and provide for the necessities of the new conditions. Hence the lawyer is a man of to-day. The exigencies he must meet are those of his own time. Ilis capital is hie ability and individuality. He cannot bequeath to his suc- cessors the characteristics that distinguished him, and at his going, as a general thing, the very evidences of his work disappear. Anthony Thornton, President of the Illinois State Bar Associa- tion, in 1S7S, in an address before the association, thus speaks of the lawyer: "In the American State the great and good lawyer must always be prominent, for he is one of the forces which move and control society. Public confidence has generally been reposed in the legal profession. It has ever been the defender of popular (341) 342 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COUNTY. rights, the champion of freedom, regulated by law, the firm sup- port of good government. In times of danger it has stood like a rock and breasted the mad passions of the hour, and firmly resisted tumult and faction. No political preferment, no mere place, can add to the power or increase the honor which belong to the pure and educated lawyer. The fame of Mansfield and Marshall and Story can never die. ' Times iron feet can print no ruin-trace ' upon their character. Their learning and luminous exposition ot our jurisprudence will always light our pathway. It is our duty to preserve the prestige of the profession. The past, at least, is secure; the present and future summon us to action. With the prog- ress of society and the increase of population, wealth and trade, varied interests arise, and novel questions requiring more thought confront us. A disregard of the law has been developed, crime meets us unabashed, and corruption stands unmasked in the high places of the land. It is no fancy jiicturo that the law has, to some extent, lost its authority, and it is only the shade of that which once was great. Hence, new duties are imposed, and a firmer cour- age is required. *** The exaltation of the profession is a duty en- joined upon us. It is a debt which only death can discharge. Lord Bacon has said, 'Every man is a debtor to his profession; from the which, as men of course do seek to receive countenance and profit, so ought they of duty to endeavor themselves, by way of amends, to be a help and ornament thereto.' Every lawyer is a debtor to his profession. If worthy, it gives him an honorable character and high position. The lawyer should prize and love his profession. He should value its past renown, and cherish the memory of great men whose gigantic shadows walk by us still. He should love it for the intrinsic worth and innate trutii of the fun- damental truths which adorn it." In compiling a history of the bar one is astonished at the small amount of material for a memoir of those who have been so inti- mately connected with and exerted such influence upon the country's welfare and iirogress. Aside from the few who have become great, whose names are emblazoned on history's page, but little is known of many who at one time were very prominent in the legal profes- sion in the county. THE EAELY BAR. Scott County was organized in 1838, but previous to this time several members of the profession had settled in the county first. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 343 of whom was Gilbert C. R. Mitcbell, who subsequently became judge of the District Court, and who for many years, and until his death, was an honored member of the bar of the county. A sketch of Judge Mitchell will be found in another part of this work. Alexander W. McGregor came abo\U the same time with Judge Mitcheil, and it is a disputed questi()n with many of the oldest settlers as to which of the two arrived first. Sufhce it to say tliat it was not Mr. McGregor's intention when he settled here to engage in the practice of law. He first went on a farm, where he re- mained several years, and then moved into Davenport, where he hung out his shingle, and served his clients to the best of his ability Mr. McGregor served a term in the General Assembly of the Terri- tory. He died about 1859. S. B. Hastings came to the county in 1836 and settled at Bufi'alo, then the metropolis of the county, where he remained about one year and then moved to Muscatine County. He was a good lawyer, and afterward rose to high rank as a lawyer and judge. He served as judge of the Supreme Court in this State for some years, and in the beginning of the gold excitement in California he moved to that State, where he became distinguished, serving for many years as judge of the Supreme Court. Jonathan W. Parker came in 1837, and was here on the organ- ization of the county, and at the fii'St term of court was, on motion, admitted to practice at the Scott County bar. Mr. Parker never took high rank as a lawyer, but was highlj' esteemed as a citizen. He served the countj' in the General Assembly, and at one time was the presiding officer of the Senate. He died of cholera in Cincinnati. Simeon Meredith was here at the first term of the District Court for Scott County, and, on motion of Judge Mitchell, was licensed to practice and was appointed by Jud^e Williams District Attor- ney ^o teia. He remained but a short time, as the " picking " for lawyers was very slim at that day. He is now dead. James Grant was the next attorney to claim a residence in Scott County. Coming here for the sake of his health, and with the in- tention of being a farmer, he settled in Blue Grass township; bat his talents were not allowed to remain idle, and he was almost compelled to resume the practice of his profession. A sketch of the Judge will be found in the chapteron "Courts of Scott County." Ebenezer Cook was admitted to the bar about 184(t, and was identified with it to a orreater or less extent until his death, though 344 HISTORY OF SCOTT COtTNTT. he, in later years, gave his attention ahnost exclusively to banking and real estate business. A sketch of Mr. Cook will be found among the prominent- dead of the countj'. Charles Weston came to the county and purchased a farm, and also engaged in the practice of his profession. A sketch of Mr. "Weston will be found in the chapter on "Courts." John P. Cook was an able member of the bar of the past, and did a large and lucrative business. Various references are made to Mr. Cook in this volume; a speech delivered by him at the Old Settlers' Meeting on the occasion of its first festival is given in full; and a sketch of him is given in the chapter of the "Prominent Dead." John L. Davies was a practitioner at the Scott County bar for some years. He is now dead. A sketch of him appears among the " Prominent Dead." John F. Dillon, ex -judge of the United States Circuit Court for the eighth judicial circuit, was born in "Washington Co., N. Y. on the 25th of December, 1831. His father was Thomas Dillon. His paternal and maternal grandfathers were each born in Ireland, and emigrated to this country at an early age, and settled in the State of New York, from whence his father immigrated to Iowa. In 1838, when he was little over seven years old, his parents re- moved from Herkimer Co., N. Y., to Davenport, in the then Territory of Iowa, in which city he has resided ever since. He commenced the study of medicine at the age of 17 years, under the direction of Egbert S. Barrows, M. D., then the leading physi- cian of Davenport. He attended two courses of medical lectures at the Keokuk Medical College, and graduated at the age of 21 years. He entered upon the practice of his profession, but finding after a trial of a few months that it did not accord with his tastes, he commenced reading law in the office where his sign as a physi- cian was displayed. He was licensed as an attorney in Scott County, Iowa, in 1852, and at once commenced the practice of his new profession. This year he was elected prosecuting attorney for Scott Count}'. In 1858, when 27 years of age, he was elected by a majority greatly exceeding the majorit}' of his party as the Republican can- didate for judge of the seventh judicial district of Iowa, a district then composed of the four populous counties of Scott, Muscatine, Jackson and Clinton. The first work he did after his election was the giving of a close, critical study to all the then reported HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 345 decisions of the Supreme Court of the State. This resulted in the preparation of his lirst legal work, " A Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Iowa." In 1862 he was re-elected without any opposition, the bar of the district, without distinction of party, uniting in a reijuest to him to continue in the office. During the year following his second election, he was nominated by the Repub- lican party of his State for one of the judges of the Supreme Court, and was elected for a term of si.x years, taking his seat the 1st of January, 1S63. In 1869 he was unanimously re-nominated and re- elected for another term of six years without any considerable opposition, but before he qualified under his second election, and while still holding the office of chief justice of the Supreme Court, he was nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate as circuit judge of the United States for the eighth judicial circuit, embracing the States of Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri, Kansas and Arkansas, and recently, also, tlie newly admitted State of Colorado. During the time he was on the Supreme Bench of the State he commenced collecting data for a work on " Municipal Corpora- tions " and having become bound to the publishers to prepare the treatise, he was compelled to write it out after his accession to the Federal Bench. The work had an extraordinary sale. The Ql-st edition of 2,500 copies, published in the year 1872, was exhausted in a few months, and the second edition, expanded into two volumes, is already gone. The royalty to Judge Dillon on the two editions was the sum of S10,000. In 1872, seeing the necessity lor a first-class law journal in the valley of the Mississippi, he was instrumental in setting on foot the publication of the Central Law Journal., himself sketching out the plan and for a time contributing much of the material. Hav- ing given it a fair start, and being unable longer to give it super- vision, he committed the management of it to Seymore D. Tompson, of St. Louis. He has held 13 terras of court every year for the last six years in seven judicial districts and six States. In addition to his other labors he has edited and published three volumes of " Circuit Court Reports," mostly his own opinions. Judge Dillon's opinions on the Supreme Bench of the State may be found in the 12 volumes of "Iowa Reports " from the loth to the 28th volumes. During this period the judges adopted and rig- 346 HISTOKT OF SCOTT COUNTY. idly maintained the habit of consulting thoroughly upon every case before the opinion was written. These consiiltations extended to an agreement upon the facts of the case, upon the judgment to be rendered, and upon the grounds on which the judgments should be placed. This system of voluntarily enforced discipline could not fail to be productive of important results, and the decisions of the Supreme Courtoflowa naturally acquired a high standing through- out the Union and carried with them at home the additional weight which attaches to the understanding that an opinion of the court was not merely the opinion of a single judge. On the 10th of November, 1853, Judge Dillon married Miss Anna, daughter of the Hon. Hiram Price, for many years mem- ber of Congress for the second district of Iowa. Samuel Francis Smith was born at Waterville, Maine, on the 5th of September, 1836, and is the son of the Rev. Samuel Francis Smith, D.D., a distinguished Baptist clergyman, of Boston, Mass., arid Mary (White) Smith. On both sides he is descended from Puri- tan ancestors, who settled in Massachusetts early in the I7th cen- tury, from whom have sprung some of the noblest names that adorn the annals of their country. His father is the author of the national hymn of the Republic, " My Country, 'Tis of Thee," an ode which has found a merited response in every Christian "heart, not only in this "sweet land of lib- erty," but throughout the globe, which has been rendered into the dialect of almost every civilized country in the world, and which is sung as frequently in the Alpine valleys and on the slopes of the Himalayas as in the fair land that gave birth to its venerated au- thor. To be the author of that hymn is glory enough for one man and one life time. A brother of our subject, the Rev. D. A. W. Smith, D. D., is president of the Baptist Theological Seminary, at Rangoon, Indiana, a gentleman of rare literary attainments, and of the highest mental endowments, whose name is known and honored in all the churches. Nor is his ancestry on the female side less distinguished, his maternal grandfather, the Rev. Hezekiah Smith, D.D., having been an indefatigable chaplain in the Revo- lutionary army, during the memorable struggle for liberty, while many others of the same line have occupied conspicuous places in sundry departments during the intervening century. Samuel Francis Smith was fitted for Harvard College and car- ried through the freshman year by his father, but failing health. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 347 superinduced by excessive application, obliged him to discontinue study for several years. From the earliest period of his recollec- tion he desired to be a lawyer; this was the grand aim of his ambi- tion; his tastes ran in the direction of books and studies in that line, and all his intermediate efforts were but so many steps toward the attainment of his cherished aim. When he could no longer study he resolved to earn his own living, and ease his father of the bur- den of his support, and for two years served as clerk in various ca- pacities. At the age of Id he made up his mind to go West for the benefit of his health, and as likely to afford him better facilities for the pursuit of his favorite studies. He lialted for a few months in Chicago, and afterward settled in Davenport, Iowa, which has ever since been his home. He found employment in the law office of Hon .James Grant, where he assidu- ously devoted his leisure moments to study, the library of his em- ployer liaving been kindly placed at his disposal; in this way he completed the college course commenced under the direction of his father. In 1857 he commenced in earnestness the practical study of the law, and in the following year was admitted to the bar, thus attaining the end he so earnestly desired and so eagerly sought. Two years later he went into partnership with his preceptor. Judge Grant. The firm engaged largely in the collection of repudiated corporation bonds and were eminently successful, this branch of the business being the specialty of Mr. Smith. During the first year of his connection witii the firm his proportion of the earnings amounted to $240, but under the steady and persistent growth of business his emoluments increased also, and during the last year of his active partnership his share of the proceeds amounted to over $50,000. In 1873 his health gave way under a nervous attack, and relax- ation and change being necessary for his restoration, he made a visit to Europe in that year with his familv, and remained two and a half years absent ; visiting the principal cities in that part of the globe. Since his return he has engaged in banking operations in connection with the Davenport National Bank, of which he is an oflicer and large stockholder. Mr. Smith is still in the prime of life, a most amiable and accomplished gentleman, courteous and modest. As a financier he has few superiors, wliiie all his transactions are governed by probity and wisdom. He has been a member of tlie Baptist Church since he was 15, and is one of the most successful workers and gener- 3i8 HISTORY OF SCOTT COCNTY. ous contributors in its ranks. In politics he has always been Re- publican. On the 17th of August, 1S63, he married Miss Marj, daughter of the Rev. Julius A. Reed, of Davenport, Iowa, a graduate of Yale College, who came West in 1831, and who for nearly 25 years was connected with the Congregational home mission cause in Iowa. Hans Reiner Claussen was born in a village of the province of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, Feb. 23, 1804. His father was the owner of a farm on which Hans worked, enjoying the advantages of a t5ommon-3chool education up to 1820, when he entered a college at Meldorf. Leaving Meldorf he became a student at the University at Kiel, in 1824, and passed examination as a law student in 1829, and in 1830 was admitted to the bar. He commenced the practice of law in the neighborhood of his birthplace, and in 1834 located at Kiel, where the sessions of the Supreme Court for the province were held ; he practiced law up to 1851, when he was exiled by the king of Denmark, who then ruled over Schleswig- Holstein, which is now a province of Prussia. Mr. Claussen was a member of the Legislature of Ilolstein from 1840 to 1851, and in 1S4S and 1849 a member of the German Parliament, which convened in May, 1848, at Frankfort-on-the- Main, and framed a constitution for a united Germany. That con- stitution, however, was repudiated by the German kings, but the present constitution of United Germany contains many of the essential parts of that framed in 1S4S. The cause of the exile of Mr. Claussen was participation in the struggle of Schleswig-Holstein for independence from the Danish king. When a Republic was established in France, in 1848, the people of the old world were greatly aroused, and revolutions broke out in Vienna, Hungary Berlin, Saxony, Hanover and Schleswig-Holstein. The Legislature of the latter Province elected five members, who were sent to Copenhagen to present the grievances of that Province to the king, and ask for relief. Mr. Claussen was one of those delegates. The father of Theodore Guelich, and Theodore Olshausen, for some time editor of Der Demokrat, were also of the number. These then were exiled by the Danish king. When these delegates arrived at the Danish capital they were in great danger of being mobbed by the infuriated Danish people. The hotel where they lodged was surrounded by thousands of greatly excited Danes who called the delegates traitors and disloyal to their king. When they drove to the palace of the king, the streets were densely crowded with an infuriated mob, who attempted to overthrow their vehicle and kill HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 3-1:9 the delegates. The batter classes, however, male strenuous ami successful efforts to save their lives. The king received them cour- teously, but refused to grant their petitioTis. When the delegates returned, they found the people of Schles- wig-Holstein in arms against the Danish king. A government of the people had been established, and Mr. Claussen was sent to Berlin to obtain aid from Prussia. The long struggle in Schles- wig-Holstein against the tyranny of the Danish king had created throughout Germany great sympathy for the oppressed. In con- sequence of the revolution in that capital, a liberal ministry was appointed in Berlin. Favoi'ed by these circumstances Mr. Claus- sen was successful in his mission, and the armies of Prussia were sent to occupy the province and protect the people against Danish aggression. This army was withdrawn about a year after, but the army of Schleswig-IIolstein was alone able to hold out against the Danish till 1851. The enthusiasm to battle for independence was great, and boys 16 years of age would voluntarily enter the army. Among the latter was Ernst Claussen, now an attorney in Daven- port. But the Danish king fully recovered his sway over Schles- wig-Holstein, and exiled a large number, among whom was Mr. Claussen. Numerous citizens, who could not and would not stand the tyranny of the Danes, emigrated to the United States, many of whom settled in Scott County. Mr. Claussen arrived in the United States in August, 1851, and located in Davenport. He began the study of the English lan- guage and law, and was admitted to the bar about two years after his arrival. In 1855 he erected a steam grist-mill in Lyons, Clin- ton Co., and was in the milling business until IS5S. In this he was not successful, and lost nearly all his means during the mone- tary crisis of 1857. He sold his mill and re-commenced the prac- tice of law. In the fall of 1858 he was elected justice of the peace, and re-elected in 1860. As his law business continued to grow he took his son, Ernst Claussen, as a pirtner. In 1869 he was elected to the State Senate and served four years. He was a member of the Judiciary', University, Orphan's House, and Constitutional Amendment Committees of that body, and took an active part in the revision of the code in 1873. In the Senate he op2)osed female sufirage, and every attempt to make the prohibitory liquor laws more stringent, and would have advocated a license law if there had been any prospect of its passage. Since 1S56 he has been a Republican. 350 HISTORY OF scorr county. While Mr. Claussen was practicing law in Kiel, lie gave instruc- tions in law to students in the Universit}', and wrote a treatise about Prcelegata, a difficult matter of the Roman law, which was favorably noticed, and which has since created a great deal ot discussion among eminent learned professors in Germany. Mr. Claussen was united in marriage in May, 1832, with Anniere Eahber, a daughter of a Danish civil officer, and niece of a cele- brated Danish poet. Four children were born unto them, two of whom died in infancy, and two living — Ernst Claussen, an attor- ney in Davenport, and Elfi-ieda, wife of Christian Mueller. Frank Perrin practiced hereabout ISiO, and subsequently moved to !New Orleans. W. J. A. Bradford commenced practice here in 1841, and re- mained two years, then removed to Clinton County. Mr. Firor came about 1844 from Ohio,and subsequently returned to the same State. James Baker practiced about the same time. He is now living in Springfield, Mo. Avery Thomas lived in Princeton from 1839 to 1841 and prac- iced at the Scott County bar. Charles J. Rogers came to Le Claire in 1855 and remained until 1860, when he removed to Dubuque, where he now resides. R. Linderman was also a resident of Le Claire and was for some years county judge. He now resides in Colorado. Among others of the bar of the past was Frank Plumer, Alfred Edwards, I. N. Talraage, John Johns, James A. Buchanan, Alfred Church, John W. Van Hoesen, George M. Van Hoesen, D. S. True- James Thorington, H. F. Suksdorf, James Armstrong, L. G. John- son, A. H. Bennett. THE PRESENT BAR. The bar of to-day is represented bj' a class of men that reflect honor and credit upon tlie profession. The following comprises the list as it now stands in the spring of 1882: W. R. H. Alexander, H. H. Ascherman, George "W. Bowden, Benson Bros., Bills & Block, AY. J. Birchard, Brown & Campbell, G. G. Carstens, Clark & Heywood, Ernst Claussen, C. H. Clemmer, Cook & Dodge, Davison & Lane. W. T. Dittoe, L. P. Dosh, C. A. Ficke, L. M. Fisher, W. A. Foster, H. C. Fulton, T. W. Gilrath, Gannon & Mc- Guirk, George E. Gould, Grant ifc Grant, Green & Peters, Carl F. Hass, Fred Heinz, Hadley, M. Henley J. Howard Henry, Hirschl HISTORY OF SCOrr COL'NTY. 351 & Preston, George E. Iliibbell, Jenkins & Pratt, H. C. F. Jenson, Carl Kuelil, C. N. Lannian, Martin, Murpiiy & Lynch, N. S. Mitchell, D. B. Nash, P. L. O'Meare. Samuel Porter, Putnam & Rogers, Frank E. Riehman, J. Scott Riclunan, Roderick Rose, W. O. Schmidt, L. M. Smith, Otto Smith, M. D. Snyder, Stewart & White, P. Stoltenberg, iM. S. Stuyvesant, Thompson & French, Waterman & Boyle, W. H. Wilson, Wing & Finke, Charles Whit- aker. Ernst Claussen, attorney-at-law, commenced practice in 1860, and has been an active member since . He is a native of Holsteiu, German}', born in 1S33, and was educated at that place. In 1851, after the dissolution of the revolutionary army of Schleswig-Hol- stein, in whose ranks, although then quite young, he had fought as a volunteer, he came to America, and spent the first two years of his residence in this country in St. Louis, Mo., coming to Iowa in 1853, and locating in Davenport, Scott Co. He went to Lyons, Clinton Co., Iowa, in 1855, and remained there until 1858, when he returned to Davenport. He enlisted, on the first call of the President for 75,000 three months' troops, as a member of the First Iowa Infantry, and served as First Sergeant of Co. G during the term of his enlistment, then retired from the service, and re- sumed the practice of his profession and has devoted his attention to the law since. He has been a Republican since the organization of that party, and cast his first vote for John C. Fremont. He was quite active in politics in earlier years, but since the Liberal Gree- ley movement, of which he was a member, he has taken no part in politics. He is a member of the I.O. O. F. and several German soci- eties. His parents came to Davenport with him, and still reside here. His father, H. R. Claussen, was for many years an active member of the Scott County bar, practicing at intervals from the time of his arrival here until 1870, when lie retired. Mr. Ernst Claussen married his first wife in 1862; she died in January, 1875, leaving two children, a daughter, now deceased, and a son. He married his present wife in the fall of 187t), and by her had tliree children, two living and one deceased. Jacob W. Stewart, attorney of the firm of Stewart & White, came to Scott County in April, 1853, and has been actively con- nected with the bar from then to the present time. He first associated himself with J. W. Sennet, an oM classmate, for about two years, with varied success; he then remained alone until 1850, when he formed a partnership with James Armstrong; this firm dissolved 352 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. in January, 1873; then remained alone until Jan. 1, 1875, when the present partnership with Win. K. White was formed. Mr. Stewart has been with the bar of Scott County nearly 30 years, and is tlie third oldest member of the bar now practicing. Mr. Stew- art was born in Danbury, Conn., in 182S. lie descended from Scotch ancestry on the paternal side. His parents, Simeon M. and Susan (Gillette) Stewart, were also born in Danbury. Mr. Stewart spent the first 14 years of his life there, when his parents moved to Ohio and settled in Akron. He was graduated at Dennison University, Granville, in the class of 1850. He read law in Peeks- kill, N. Y.; was admitted to practice in 1852; came West that fall and taught school in Burlington, Iowa, the winter of lS52-'3. He then came to Davenport, landing April 26, 1853, and at once opened an office for the practice of law. He was chosen prosecut- ing attorney in 1856, for the terra of two years. In 1866 he was appointed by Andrew Johnson as Collector of United States In- ternal Revenue, for the Second Congressional District, composed of six counties, which position he filled one year. He was elected Mayor of the city of Davenport in 1874, at the end of which time he moved outside of the city limits which disqualified him for re- election. Since that time he has studiously avoided all official connection with politics, and has zealously pursued his profession. In the spring of 1875 he purchased a homestead of 40 acres about one mile east of the city limits, which is known as Pahquioque, laid out and ornamented by a practical landscape gardener, and is one of the most beautiful places in this part of the West. He mar- ried Fannie A. Ferguson in 1856, who is also of Scotch descent. They have one son and one daughter, both adults. George E. Huhhell, attorney, was born in Salisbury, Conn., on April 7, 1828. His father was John L. Hubbell, a native of Con- necticut; his mother was Sophia E. Morse, a distant relative of Prof. Morse, of telegraph fame. Her father was sherift'of Xew Ha- ven Co., Conn., many years. George's parents reside at Albuquer- que, N. M., the former 87 and the latter 77 years of age. The sub- ject of this record was reared and educated in Connecticut and graduated from Yale law school in 1851, and, opening a law office, practiced in New Haven a little over a year. He was married June 10, 1852, to Mary Brewster Pease, granddaughter of James Brew- ster. Soon after his marriage he opened a law office at No. 80 Nassau street. New York, and practiced there in contact with Charles O'Connor, James T. Brady, and other celebrated legal lights. HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. 353 His health failing, he came "West and located in Davenport, in lb53, and has been actively engaged in the prosecution of his pro- fession since. In the spring of 1S64, he entered into partnership with his brother, Judge S. A. Hubbell, which continued one year, the Judge being appointed by President Johnson, as judge of the Terri- torial Court of New Mexico; he died therein April, 1S79. Mr. Hub- bell has refused to become a candidate tor any political office, pre- ferring rather to devote himself studiously to his profession. He is the oldest member of the Scott County bar now in active prac- tice, save one. "When he came to Davenport it contained -tjOOO in- habitants and now has 22,000. There is but one business firm in tlie city that was in existence when he came. Mr. Hubbell buried his first wife in February, 1S73. She left four children, viz. : George E , Jr., Charles H., Carrie H. and James P. In June, 1S74, Mr. Hubbell married his present wife, Mary C. Worthington, a daugh- ter of Rev. S. G. J. "Worthington, a Methodist clergyman at Onarga, 111. Mr. Hubbell has been actively engaged in the temperance cause for many years; joined the Sons of Temperance in 1863, and was Grand "Worthy Patriarch of the State, at one time. He is active and outspoken in behalt of the Prohibition movement from conscientious principles, and is a fearless advocate of his convictions in private circles, and from the rostrum. John C. Bills, attorney, of the law firm of Bills & Block, has been a member of the Scott Co. bar since May, 1S56. He is a native of Wyoming Co., New York, born in 1833. After re- ceiving an academic education, he read law in Buflalo, and was admitted to the bar in 1855. The spring following he came West and located in Davenport, Iowa, and has been an active and prom- inent member of the Scott County bar to the present time. He was twice elected mayor of Davenport, in 1870 and 1871, on the Republican ticket. He was married in July, 1861, to Clara B. Bliss, a native of Wyoming Co., New York. Samuel Edward Brown, attorney, of the firm of Brown & Campbell, has been a practitioner of the law since 1855, but was not admitted to thebar of New York, until 1857; was admitted at the May term, 1857, and after a year of practice in that State he came to Davenport, June 1, 1858, and this has been his home since. He was born in Owego, NewYork, on Nov. 26, 1833. He attended the Owego Academy, and Amherst College, Massachusetts, graduating in the c'ass of 1855. He at once entered upon the study of law in his native place, under B. F. Tracey, and was admitted as above 354: HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. stated. He was offered a partnership by Col. N. W. Davis, of New- York State, one of liis examiners, the same day of his admission, which he accepted. He remained there until June 1, 1858, then started for the West. James Armstrong an old schoolmate, came with him as a partner. They remained together until March 1, 1860, Mr. Brown being then offered a partnership in the law firm of Corbin & Dow, which he accepted. Mr. Corbin being engaged in the banking business, soon after retired from the firm, leaving it Dow & Brown; a year or two later Mr. Dow retired leaving Mr. Brown alone. He took Alfred Sully as a partner, in March, 1864. In June, 1870, James D. Campbell being admitted, the firm became Brown, Campbell & Sully ; Mr. Sully withdrew from the firm in March, 1874, and George E. Gould was taken as a partner in the firm from 1874 until 1876, since which time the firm has continued as it now exists. Mr. Campbell's attention for the past two years has been almost exclusively engaged in railroad business, and there has been a division of business since January, 1881. Mr. Brown de- votes his energies almost exclusively to Federal Courts, and practices over a circuit that embraces Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska, looking after foreclosure of mortgages, railroad matters and municipal bonds. Mr. Brown's is one of the finest law oflices in the West, it together with E. E. Cook's being planned and built according to their idea. He married in Owego, Miss Mary Louise Davis, . a daughter of his old law partner, in August, 1859. They have five sons and two daughters. Mr. Brown losing his father earl^' in life, became self-supporting at 13 years of age. He has a fine residence at the corner of 16th and Brady streets, comprising a fractional square, beautifully improved and ornamented. Daniel B. JVash was born in Jacksonville, 111., Dec. 9, 1826. His parents were Stephen and Basliua (Belknap) Nash; the former born and bred in Massachusetts, the latter in Vermont. They were married in the East, and moved to Morgan Co., 111., in 1820. His mother died in her 86th year on Feb. 9, 1874; his father, aged 89 years, died Oct. 19, 1878. The subject of this record graduated from Illinois College in June, 1854. Began read- ing law with his cousin, Chauncy Nash, in Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, and was admitted to the bar in October, 1855. He entered into partnership with his cousin there, in which relation he continued for three years; he then moved to Davenport, where he has been actively engaged in his profession ever since. In November, 1875, he was appointed register in bankruptcy for the district of Iowa, ^^^^^^-^.^^ ^-T-^iyi^i/r^ &^;^^:^^cc.^^.■^^f-^ HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 367 which position he still liolds, not having entirely completed the old business. He iias, in such judicial position, done much ser- vice for the United States and litigants throughout the State during his official labors. His liabit has been to write regular opinions on the more important cases, some of which have been reported and quoted by courts as authority, and in some instances have been embodied in legal digests. He has paid but little atten- tion to politics, having devoted all his energies and talents to his profession. He has, however, ever been a pronounced Republican. He was married, after settling in Davenport, to Margaret A. Hutchinson, a native of New York State, on Sept. 3, 1S64. Their married life has been blessed with two children, Martin Belknap, born Oct. 28, 1866, and Mary Caroline, Nov. 15, 1871. The family are connected with the Episcopal Church. The son, Martin Bel- knap, is attending Griswold College. John W. Thompson, attorney, of the firm of Thompson & French, 209 Main street, was born in Huntington Co., Pa., Oct. 14, 1823. He was a son of Joseph and Ann (Johnston) Thompson, natives of Pennsylvania. He was a carpenter by trade; she was a member of the Presbyterian Church. They had six children, five are still living. John "W". attended school until 19, then taught school until 21, when he began the study of law in Huntington, Pa., in the office of Thomas P. Campbell; was admitted to the bar when 23 years of age, in April, 1847, practicing law in Williamsburg and Holidaysburg, Pa., until the spring of 1854; then traveled in Texas and other States until April, 1855, when he located in Davenport and formed a partnership with Horatio B. Earner, which continued until 1861; then continued alone until 1866, when he and J. D. Campbell were partners until 1870, when he continued alone until 1877, then formed his present partnership with Nathaniel French. Mr. Thompson married Miss Margaret A. Wallace, May 12, 1S74, a native of Westmoreland Co., Pa. She was a daughter of John and Martha (Ross) Wallace. Mrs. John W. Thompson died March 12. 1875. She was a member of the United Presbyterian Church. Mr. John W. Thompson is one of the leading representatives of the Davenport bar, having been identified with it since April 3, 1855. In politics a "free soil " Whig, and cast his first vote tor Honry Clay, but since the organ- ization of the Republican party he has been one of its strongest supporters. Mr. Thompson was elected a Republican Representa- tive to the Iowa Legislature in 1857, and to the Senate in 1859. 358 HISTOKY OF SCOTl' CurNTT. He was a member of the convention of 1860 that nominated Lincoln for Fresident, and also a member of the convention of 1880 that nominated Garfield for President of the United States. Edvxird E. Cook^ attorney, ot the firm of Cook and Dodge (Frank L. Dodge), has been an active member of the Scott County bar since May, 1863. He was born in Scott Co., Iowa, Aug. 13, 1843. He is the son of John P. Cook, a native of New York State, and one of Scott County's earliest attorneys. He came to Daven- port in 1836, re d law, and was admitted to practice about 1841, in Cedar Co., Iowa, where he located in 1840; he was one of the earliest settlers of that county and one of the first settlers in the town of Tipton, and helped to make some of the first improvemeiits in the place. In October, 1842, he married Eliza A. Rowe, a daughter of Christian Rowe, and a citizen of Scott County, to which she came with her parents in 1836, from Steuben Co., N. Y. In March, 1851, Mr. J. P. Cook moved his family to Davenport, where he remained an active member of the legal profession until his death , April 16, 1872. He was a member of the 33d Congress from this district, served in the sessions of 1853-'4, and 1854-'5. The sabject of this memoir was educated in the cities of Washing- ton, D. C., Rochester, Geneva, and Albany, N. Y. ; was also a year in Griswold College, Davenport, and was the first student in the collegiate department in that institution. He graduated from the Albany Law School in May, 1863, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of New York. He came home to Davenport, and was admitted on motion at the May term of the District Court of 1863. He then entered the office of his father, for law prac- tice, and Jan. 1, 1865, he became a member of the law firm of Cook & Drury. Jan. 1, 1871, the firm changed to Cook & Brun- ing. This relation continued until the death of Mr. Cook, Sr. In May, 1872, Mr. C. formed a partnership with Judge J. S. Richman, under the firm name of Cook, Richman & Bruning, continuing until Dec. 1, 1875, when Mr. Bruning retired, the firm remain- ing Cook (fe Richman till May 1, 1880, when the present partner- ship was formed. This firm does a general law practice, have been attorneys for the C.,R. I. & P. Ry., and its predecessor, the Miss. & Mo. Co. , and have paid considerable attention to corporation law. Mr. Cook affiliates with the Democratic party politically, and has done considerable committee work in an official way in its be- half and as an expositor of its principles, but has refused to become a candidate for any office. }IISTORT OF SCOTT COTTNTT. 359 W. A. Foster, attornev, began the practice of law in Scott County in October, 1866, and has been an active member of the bar to the present time in both State and United States courts. Mr. Foster is a native of Scott Co., Iowa, born in 1842; he is a son of Asa Foster, born in Ohio, and married a Miss "Wray, a native of Kentucky. They came from Indiana in 183S) and settled in what is now Blue Grass township, where he followed farming. He died in 1855, his wife in 1880. The subject of this memoir was educated in Davenport, and read law with Davison & True in this city, and was admitted to the bar in 1866 and at once opened an office for the practice of his pro- fession. The year following he married Lucy Birciiard, a resident of Scott County. Mr. Foster was elected to the State Senate on the Republican ticket, andjserved from Jan. 1, 1878, to Jan. 1, 1882; this is the only office he has been a candidate for, and declined a re- nomination. He has attained quite a reputation as a criminal law- yer, in the higher grades of criminal cases, and has been called to try capital suits in Iowa and adjacent States; he also does a general court practice. Hugh M. Martin, lawyer, of the firm of Martin, Murphy & Lynch, read law in Tiffin, Ohio, with Gen. Wm. H. Gibson, and was admitted in 1855. The following year he moved West and lo- cated in Marengo. Iowa, and there practiced till 1867. He came to Davenport in company with his present partner, G. H. Murphy, in June, 1867. In 1S76 Mr. Lynch became a member of the firm. They have a large general court practice. Mr. Martin has rather avoided than courted politics, but has held several local positions. He was elected prosecuting attorney for Iowa County at the August election in 1857, and served until the office was abolished by the then new constitution, which took effect in 1858. He represented Iowa County in the Ninth General Assembly of the State, as a mem- ber of the House and as a war Democrat ; was a candidate for Congress in the campaign of 1862, in what was then known as the fourth congressional district; had a majority of the home vote of 1,100 as a candidate against Hon. J. B. Grinnell, and was defeated by the soldiers' vote outside the State, by a majority of 1,300; was a candidate in 1868 for attorney general of the State on the Demo- cratic ticket and was only beaten, he says, by about 60,000 majority. He has served as city attorney of Davenport from 1873 to 1881, except the year 1879. Mr. Martin was born near Tiffiin, Ohio, and was reared on a farm. His education was ob- tained in the common schools, the Republic Academy and Heidel- 360 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. bercr College, Ohio. He was married at Marengo, Iowa, Maj 10, 1859, to Ellen A. Parker, a native of Massachusetts, and reared in Virginia. Herman Block, of the law firm of Bills & Block, has been an active member of the Scott County bar since 1865. He was born in 18-iO, in the duchy of Lauenburg, Germany. He was educated in the Grymnasium of Kiel, in Holstein, and at 18 years of age immi- o-rated to the United States and located at Davenport. Dependent upon his own resources, he worked at such employments as were accessible to earn a livelihood and enable him to prosecute the study of law, in which he zealously engaged without the advantage of an instructor. In 1865 he was admitted to the bar and soon after commenced practice, having desk-room in the office of Parker and McNeal the first year. He practiced alone until 1870, when a law partnership was formed with John C. Bills, which still con- tinues. The lirm of Bills & Block is one of the ablest and most prosperous in this part of Iowa. Mr. Block is a Pepublican in sentiment, but has eschewed politics, and has applied himself steadily to his profession. He was united in marriage on Christ- mas day, 1867, with Miss R. V. VanEpps. a native of New York State. Two sons, Louis, born in June, 1869, and John C, born in May, 1871, comprise their family. Mr. Block served six years, consecutively, as a member of the City School Board, and from 1873 to 1876 he served as its president. He has been an active mem- ber of the I. O. O. F. since 1866 ; was chosen Grand Patriarch of the State in 1874, serving one tei-m ; in October, 1876, he was elected Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Iowa for one year. He has filled the office of Grand Representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge of that order for four years. W'dUain K. White, attorney, of the firm of Stewart & White, has been an active member of the Scott County bar since 1868. He was born in Saratoga Springs, li. Y., in 1844. His early life was passed there, and he attended the Saratoga schools. He read law with Chancellor Reuben H. Walworth, of K^ew York; finished read- ing with J. A. Shoudy, now a prominent attorney of New York City; was admitted in the early part of 1865, at the general term of the Supreme Court at Plattsburg, N. Y. ; went South soon after and served by appointment as assistant in the Freedraen's Bureau; filled the position until 1868, was then mustered out and came to Davenport, stopping accidentally, and, forming some acquaintances he opened a law office that fall. After practicing some time alone HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. 361 he took John Ackley as a partner, which continued about a year; he then practiced alone until January, 1S73, when he took charge of the District and Circuit Courts to which he had been elected clerk the fall before. He served one term. Previous to the termination of his official career he formed the present law partnership, and upon retiring from the clerkship resumed the practice of law in whicli he has been since actively engaged. Mr. White was mar- ried in 1872, in Ottawa, 111., to Nellie Barger, a native of that city. They have one daughter aged si.x years. His residence is a beautiful structure, erected by him in 1876. It is located at 1,026 Brady street, on the bluffs, and overlooks the Mississippi Valley. He has always been a Republican, but was elected on the Liberal or Greeley ticket ; since then has been identified with the Repub- lican party, but has not been a candidate for any office. John W. Green, attorney at law, has been a citizen of Scott County since 1852 and a member of the Scott County bar since 1868. He was born in Vernon, Ind., in 1842. He came to this county when 10 years of age. He was educated at, and graduated from, Monmouth College, 111., in 1862. He entered the army soon after as a private in the 83d 111. Infantry, and served three years; was promoted to adjutant in 1863, and held that position when mustered out in 1S65. He was chiefly in the army of the Ten- nessee. Soon after retiring from the army, he went to Albany and entered the law school^ there, from which he graduated in 1867. He came to Davenport and was a student with Putnam & Rogers nntil 1S6S, when he commenced practice on his own account. The present law partnership of Green & Peters was formed about eight years ago. He was elected twice to the Iowa Legislature, served in 1870 and 1872, and the special session of 1873. In 1869 he was elected city attorney, which office he resigned when elected to the Legislature. He was appointed United States Collector of In- ternal Revenue by James A. Garfield on March 10, 1881. His district embraces 10 counties. Mr. Green is a decided and pronounced Republican in political views. His father, Adam Green, spent the last years of his life in this city, dying here in 1876. During life he was engaged in railroad and canal contract- ing. His wife, a native of Kentucky, is still a resident of the city. Cfutrles M. Waterrrban, attorney, of the firm of Waterman & Boyle, was admitted to the bar in Scott County in 1871, and has been in active practice ever since. He practiced alone until 1877, when the partnership above named was formed. Mr. Waterman 362 HISTORY OF scorr county. is a native of Frankfort, Ky., bora in January, 1S47; was educated in Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana. After travelius; about consider- ably he became a resident of Scott County in 1861; began reading law in the spring of 1869 with Davison & True, and was admitted to the bar in 1871; remained with his preceptors until 1873 before opening a law office. Mr. W. is a Republican and has taken quite an interest in politics. He was elected representative from Scott County to the State Legislature, and serred in the session of 1878. Mr. Waterman's mother is a resident of this county. Wm. A. ZywcA, attorney, of the law firm of Martin, Murphy & Lynch, Jias been for 10 years an active practitioner at the bar of Scott County, and a member of the above-named firm since Janu- ary, 1876. He is a native of Virginia, born in Greenbriar County in 1846. His parents moved West in 1819, and settled in Mt. Pleasant, Henry Co., Iowa. There the subject of this record re- ceived his education in Iowa Wesleyan College, read law in Mt. Pleasant one year, then entered the law department of the Iowa State University, from which he graduated in June, 1871, and located in Davenport one year later. He has been a close student and a very successful practitioner. He has studiously avoided politics but votes the Democratic ticket. He married in Davenport, Iowa, in February, 1875, Josephine McConnell, a native of Indiana. They have one child, a daughter. Roderick Rose, attorney, a native of Canada was born in 1838; received an academical education, and taught school there one 3'ear; was employed as book-keeper in a wholesale mercantile house at that place; came to the United States and to this county in 1858; taught school a number of j'ears in the Davenport schools, studying law meanwhile; was elected county superin- tendent of schools in 1870, but resigned two motiths after. In 1871 he was admitted to the bar, and opened an office for practice the next year. In 1875 he was elected mayor of the city, and re-elected in 1876. In the fall of 1879 he was nominated by the Democratic party, and ran for representative to the State Legislature, l)nt was defeated. In 1880 he was a candidate on the Democratic ticket for Congress, but was again defeated, there being a strong Repub- lican majority in the district, though he ran largely ahead of his ticket in both instances. Mr. Rose was the prime mover in origi- nating the public evening school, and was its principal a number of years. He is a member of the A. 0. U. W., and is Past Supreme Master of the United States having served in that capacity in 1880; HISTORY OF SCOTT COtTNTT. 363 served as Grand Master of the State in 1877, and was Supreme Representative to the Supreme Lodge in 1S7S. He is a charter member of the second lodge in the State of Iowa. He served as chairman of the finance committee of the Grand Lodge, and subse- quently in the same position in the Supreme Lodge. Mr. Rose is a member of 12 ditferent social and benevolent orders, among them the Masonic, 1. O. O. F., K. of P., and L. of H. He came to Davenport a poor boy, 23 years ago, but is of that temperament that takes hold of whatever he undertakes with a will and energy that insures success. He was married in Canada in 1856 to Amelia Leakwood, who died of consumption a few years latter. He was married again in 1865 to Anna E. Ferneau. She was born in Ohio. They have two children, viz.: Edwin S., aged 12, and Nellie A., aged eight years. George E. Gould, attorney, was born in Cumberland Co., North Carolina, Dec. 4, 1848. His parents were Wm. E. and Frances E. (Sweet) Gould, of English birth, who emigrated to America about 181-4 and settled in North Carolina; they removed to Iowa in 1856 and located in Scott County. Here the subject of this record was educated by a three years' course in Griswold Col- lege; read law in Davenport and was admitted to the bar in No- vember, 1871. The following year he opened an office in Davenport and has since been in active practice, devoting his energies stu- diously to his profession with marked success. In politics he is a Republican, but not a radical partisan. In 1872 he married Em- eline L., daughter of J. J. Humphrey, an early settler in Scott County and at present a resident of the city. Bleik Peters, attorney at law, of the firm of Green & Peters, has been a resident of Davenport since 1855. He was born in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, in 1825; was educated in the Uni- versity of Germany, from which he graduated in the classical course. He entered the army as a volunteer and participated in the cam- paign of 1848-9. He studied law in 1846-52 and in August, 1852, he inimigrated to America, locating in Marion Co., Iowa, where he remained until February, 1853, when he went to St. Louis; stayed there until 1855, when he came to Davenport, and engaged in the mercantile business. Upon attaining his citizenship he was appointed notary public, and was elected justice of the peace in the fall of 1862, assuming^ the duties of the office in January, 1863, he held this position until Jan. 1, 1873, and the last four years of the time was police magistrate also. During that time he paid more 364 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COUNTY. than half of the grand total $1,162,465 of fines and costs into the school fund treasury that was paid in by the justices and police magistrates of the township and city of Davenport, and tried within 61 of one-half of the 13,984 of the justices and police mag- istrates cases during that period. During his term of office he united in marriage 1,160 couples. Upon retiring from the office he entered upon the practice of law, as a member of Green & Peters, which is one of the leading law firms of Scott County. Previous to coming to the United States he was engaged to be married in his native country to Matilda Henningen. In 1854 she came to Davenport, where they were married Aug. 5 of that year. Mr. Peters served as alderman from the second ward of the city in 1 860 and '61. He has taken an active part in politics, and has discussed the political issues of the day in most of the campaigns since he became a citizen, from the stand point of Republicanism, from the stum]), in the county and vicinity. IBred Heinz engaged in the legal practice in Davenport in 1873. His parents, B. and Margaret Heinz emigrated from Germany in 1845 or '46, and settled in St. Louis, Mo., where Fred was born May 8, 1852. His father served with a Missouri regiment in the Mexican war, in which he received a wound which entitles him to a pension. In April, 1855, they removed to Davenport, which is their present home. The subject of this memoir was educated in the city schools and Griswold College. He entered the law office of Parker & Mc- Neal when 16 years of age. One year later he became a student with Herman Block, remaining with him and the firm of Bills & Block three years. May 2, 1873, Mr. Heinz was admitted to the bar and at once commenced practice. At the end of six montlis he entered into partnership with Ernst Claussen, which expired April 5, 1880. In October, 1875, he was licensed to practice in the United States Courts. He has been somewhat active in politics, in connec- tion with committee work and public discussions. He was two years secretary of the Democratic Committee, was one year its chairman, and is now chairman of the_Deraocratic City Committee, in which capacity he has served several years. Mr. Heinz began his law practice with a capital of $20, half invested in law books, and the remainder in ofiBce furniture. He is now doing a thriving and profitable legal business. He is a member of several social orders, of the Davenport Shooting Association ,^nd the First Ward Hose Company. In September, 1876, he married Minnie Steffen, daugh- ter of Claus Stefi'en, one of the pioneer German settlers in Daven- port. HISTORY OF SCOTT COTTKTT. 365 H. H. Ascherman, attorney at law, Davenport, was born ia "Warburg, Prussia, Sept. 15, 1852, son of Conrad and Antoinette ( Fecke )]Asclierraan. They were married inWarburg, Prussia, about 1840. By this union there were nine children, six of whom lived to be adults, viz. : Ferdinand, Carl A., H. H., Augusta, Albert and Louisa. They migrated to the United States in the fall of 1856, locating first in Milwaukee, Wis., where they remained a few months and then came to Davenport, where Mr. Ascherman's father engaged in the grocery business, which he followed until his death, in 1876. The subject of this sketch attended the common schools of Daven- port, completing his education in Griswold College. He then entered the Iowa State Law School, and at the age of 21 years commenced reading law with the firm of Putnam & Rogers. In June, 1875, he was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of his pro- fession in Davenport, where he still has an office at the corner of Main and Second streets. Nathaniel S. MltcheU, attorney, was born in Davenport, Iowa, Feb. IS, 1853. His father, Gilbert C. R. Mitchell, was a native of Tennessee, and settled in Davenport in 1835. He married Miss Rose A. Clark, of Irish nativity. Mr. Gilbert Mitchell was a prac- ticing attorney, having read law in his native State, and practiced in Alabama for a time. He was elected judge of the llth judicial district, under the old constitution in 1856 or '57; failing health compelled him to resign the ofiice not long after. He traveled for some time in the South, to regain his health. He died in Daven- port in 1865. Nathaniel S. Mitchell is one of a family of two sons and four daughters, of whom the brother and three sisters are dead. He read law in Davenport with John W. Thompson, after having been educated at Notre Dame, Indiana, graduating fi-om there in 1872. He was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1875, and the following spring established an office in this city, and has since been engaged in general law practice. In politics he is a Repub" lican. He married Miss Charlotte McMenomy in 1874. She was born in New York. His mother, who came here in 1842, and his sister, Mrs. W. J. McCullough, are residents of this city. Peter A. Boyle, lawyer, of the firm of Waterman & Boyle, has been practicing law in Scott County since 1876, as a member of the above firm. Lie was born in Connecticut, and is now 33 years of age; came to Scott County when 16 years old; was educated in Griswold College, Davenport, graduating in 1870; entered Har- vard Law School that fall, and graduated from there in 1872, and 366 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. was admitted to practice that fall; entered the law office with Da- vison & Lane, and remained until 1876. His parents, John R. and Mary J. (Copley) Boyle, are residents of Davenport township, Scott County. Charles A. Ficke^ attorney, has been a member of the bar of Scott County since October, 1877. He is a native of Mecklenburg, Ger- many, born April 21, 18.50; was brought by his parents to America in 1852. They located in the northern part of this county; later they removed tq the city of Davenport, where they now reside. The subject of this sketch left the farm and came to the city in 1863 for the purpose of securing an education. In 1866 he obtained em- ployment as salesman in a dry goods store, and continued in that capacity until 1868; then clerked for an insurance firm about two years, at the close of which time he entered the Davenport Na" tional Bank as corresponding clerk, occupying that position until July, 1876, studying law meantime. Subsequently attended the Albany Law School, from which he graduated in May, 1877. After spending five months in Europe he located in Davenport, in the practice of law, and has been an active member of the bar of Scott County since, and his success has been particularly flattering. Mr. Ficke is a Republican in politics, and has been somewhat active in committee work, having served as chairman of the Congressional Committee, and of the Republican Count}^ Central Committee; but has never sought or accepted the candidacy of any oflice. William 0. Schmidt, member of the Iowa Legislature and a lawyer, was born in Davenport, June 9, 1856. His father, John Schmidt, was a native of Oldenburg, Germany, and came to Amer- ica in 1834 or '35, and located at St. Louis, Mo. He was for many- years a seafaring man, and later ran on the lower Mississippi River. He married Margaretta Schricker, a native of Bavaria, in St. Louis. They located in Davenport about 1849, and still reside here. He operated heavily in the mercantile business for years, and was one of the founders of the first Board of Directors of the First National Bank of this city, which was the first institution of the kind organized in the United States. He has been retired from business about 10 years, and onh' looks after the interests of his large estate. "William O. is a graduate of the public and high schools of Davenport ; graduated from the law department of the Iowa State University in 1877, and in June of that year was ad- mitted to practice in the Iowa Supreme Court. On attaining his majority he was elected Director of the Davenport Savings Bank, a position he still holds. He read law with the firm of Putnam & HISTORY OF «COTT COUNTY. 367 Rogers. He was elected alderman from the first ward in the spring of 1880, notwithstanding an opposing majority of about 200. He was elected to the Iowa Legislature in October, 1S81, by a major- it}' of only 63 votes ; the two Republican candidates were elected by largo majorities. He and Mr. Leonard, Sheriff, were the only Democrats elected. Mr. Schmidt immediately opened a law office after graduating and has enjoyed a very successful practice. He is a Mason and has taken the 32d degree. He is a member of the K. of P., also the A. O. U. W., and has filled official chairs in each. His mother is his father's second wife, whom he married a short time prior to coming to Davenjjort. Three sons of their famil)' are now living. One is in the boot and shoe trade in Dav- enport, the other is in Cherokee Co., Iowa. J^ra7ik L. Dodge, attorney, of the firm of Cook & Dodge, was admitted to the bar June IS, 1877. He then entered the office of Cook & Richman, as assistant and bookkeeper, which relation be sustained until the dissolution of the firm. May 1, 1880, he became a partner with E. E. Cook, in the present firm. Mr. Dodge was born in Buffalo, Iowa, July 20, 1856; he is a son of Leroy and Susan (Jones) Dodge. His father came to Iowa in 1832, and in 1836 he came to Davenport. He engaged in boating on the Mis- sissippi River, first as a clerk, later as pilot, and finally as an owner and operator of steamboats on the river, among them the " James McKee " and the " Keokuk," of which he was sole owner. He finally abandoned the river in 1859 or '60 and retired to his home in Buf- falo, where his family had lived a number of years previously. He purchased a large tract of land in Buffalo township, about 1841, and settled tlierea number of years later. He died in 1871. His first wife, the mother of our subject, died in his early childhood. Frank L. attended school at the Iowa State University, from which he was graduated in the literary course in the class of 1875; here- turned to the law dejiartment of that institution in 1876, from which lie graduated in 1877. Amhrone P. McGairk, attorney, of the firm of Gannon & Mc- Guirk, began the practice of law in Scott County in 187S, at which time tlie present partnership was formed; was educated in the law course in Michigan State University, grailuating in March, 1878, and was admitted to tlie Michigan bar in Washtenaw County. Mr. McGuirk is a native of St. Mary's, Canada, born in 1854. His early education was obtained there; took a course in Jones & Yerex's Academy in London, Ontario, and graduated from that 368 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. school July 18, 1876. He had attended the Michigan State Uni- versity, during the sessions of 1874— '5, then spent nearly two years reading law in the office of Jones & Mc Dougal, in St. Mary's. Ang. 3, 1878, he came to Davenport, since which time lie has de- voted himself to his profession. The law practice of the firm is qnite satisfactory and steadily growinsr. He is a Democrat in pol- itics and has done considerable public speaking in the interest of that party, in this county. He is now President of the Catholic Litei-ary Society of this city, and has served as its vice-president since its organization in 1878. He is secretary of the Emerald Dramatic Association, and the Davenport Land League. J. Scott Richman, ex-District Judge of the seventh judicial district, occupied the bench from 1863 till May, 1872, when he re- signed the office, and on the death of John P. Cook he formed a law partnership with the son, E. E. Cook, which relation continued about eight years. Upon the dissolution of that firm. Judge Richman entered into partnership with W. D. Burk and J. J. Russell, under the firm name of Richman, Burk & Russell, in Muscatine, in July, 1880, since which his time has been divided between his business in Muscatine and Davenport. He carries on a general and extensive law practice in the several courts, largely in the Federal Courts. Judge Richman was born in Summerset, Ohio, and was reared in Pennsylvania, whence his mother removed from Perry Co., O., with her family of seven children, after the death of his father, Rev. Evert Richman, who was a Methodist clergyman, and was on the judicial bench as associate judge for a number of years; was also clerk of the Ohio Rouse of Repre- sentatives seven years. Judge Richman began reading law in Bucks Co., Pa., and completed the course after coming West in Muscatine, Iowa, and was admitted to the bar in 18-40, at 19 years of age. He was mar- ried in jSTovember, 1842, to Miss C. A. Hannaman, daughter of Judge Hannaman, of Knoxville. 111. Two sons were born of their union, viz.: Evert F., born in Muscatine Co., Iowa, Sept. 2.5, 1845; at the age of 18 enlisted in the 44th Iowa IntUntry, and was appointed adjutant of the regiment at its organization. He was admitted to the Muscatine County bar at the age of 20 years; practiced there two years; removed to Maquoketa, Jackson Co., where he practiced two years. In 1872 he came to Davenport and was employed successively by the firms of Cook, Richman & Breming and of Cook & Richman; began practice on his own HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 369 account in Marcb, ISSO; and Clayton S., a lieutenant in the United States navy, now stationed at the navy yard at San Fruii- cisco,Cal. The Judge lost his wife in February, 1878. Immediately after being admitted to the bar the Judge formed a partnersliip with Judge S. C. Hastings, now of California, and began practice in Muscatine, and continued until 1S49, when Judge Hastings went to California. Judge llichman then remained alone in the prac- tice several years; then formed a partnership with his brother, D. C. Richman, present judge. of the Circuit Court, who read law with the subject of this record. This partnership continued until he went on the bench in 1863. The Judge was clerk of the Iowa House of Representatives one term, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention which framed the first constitution adopted by the State of Iowa. He was also a member of the House of Representatives of Iowa in the extra session of 1856. In politics the Judge was an old line Whig, and afterward a Re- publican. Davenport has been his iiome since 1872. Hadley M. Henley, lawyer, born Feb. 26, 1853, in Scott Co., Iowa, is the son of Jesse L. and Sarah (Biggs) Henley, natives of Clark Co., Ind. Stephen Henle}', the father of Jesse L., came from Indiana by water to Scott Co., arriving in 1836, bringing his family with hira. He settled in what is now Pleasant Valley town- ship, about eight miles above Davenport, on the Mississippi River, and there erected a saw-raill and spent the remaining years of his life in that vicinity. Mr. Jesse Henley jnirsued farming in that township until 1865, when he moved to the city to give his children the benefits of the city schools. He and wife still reside here ;they are the parents of one son, Hadley, and one daughter. Hadley at- tended Griswold College forfour years, then took an eclectic course in Iowa State University in 1872 and '73. Upon leaving school he was on the local staff of the Davenport Gazette about three years. He then read law with Putnam & Rogers, and graduated from the law department of the Iowa State University in the class of 1877. lie then s])ent two and one-half years in Putnam & Rogers' as head clerk. In October, 1879, he opened a law office in Daven- nort, and has been in active practice since, his success exceeding iiis most sanguine expectations. Mr. Henley married Miss Ella Van Fleet, a native of Bedford, Iowa, on May 28, 1878. They have one daughter, Nellie, born Oct. 1, 1879. Oeorge C. Preston, lawyer, of the firm of Hirschl & Preston, has practiced law in Scott County since June, 1879. He was born in Zanesville, O., Nov. 3, 1857 ; came with his parents to Davenport 370 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. at three years of age ; was educated in tlie Pennsylvania Military Academy, Cliester, Pa., from which lie graduated in 1877; entered the law department of the Iowa State University in the fall of 1877, graduated in 1878, and took the advanced course, closing in 1879. He immediately formed the present partnership and began the practice of law. His father. A. J. Preston, was for many years in the hardware business in Davenport as a member of the firm of Sickels & Preston. He is now a member of the Cotton Exchange in New York. Hon. Jeremiah H. Murphy, of the lirm of Martin, Murphy ife Lynch, attorneys, was born in Lowell, Mass., Feb. 19, 1835, son of Timothy and Jerusha (Shattuck) Murphy, natives respectively of Cork County, Ireland, and New Hampshire. He was educated in the public schools of Boston until the age of 14, when his father and family of 10 children removed to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and purchased a large farm. Here they remained until 1852, our subject in the meantime attending for 18 months the Appleton University, of Wisconsin. On removing to Iowa Co., Iowa, in 1852, Mr. Murphy and a younger brother, during the first summer, turned the sod on something over SO acres of wild land, enclosing and placing under cultivation a large farm in the brief period of one year. In 1854 he entered the State University of Iowa, at Iowa City, graduating in 1857, when he engaged as a law student with Hon. Wm. Smith, of Marion. la. ; was admitted to the bar nine months afterward, and commenced his professional career at Marengo, where he remained nine years. In 1867 he removed to Daven- port and formed a partnership with H. M. Martin, which busi- ness relation still exists, Mr. Lynch having been recently admitted to the firm. Mr. Murphy has given considerable attention to pol- itics, having been delegate to numerous State and national conven- tions; elected alderman of Marengo in 1860, his first office, mayor of Davenport in 1873 and again in 1878, and State senator from 1874 to 1878. He ran for Congress against Hon. Hiram Price in 1876, being defeated by only a small majority, and running far ahead of his ticket. He was also a Hancock elector in the Presi- dential campaign oi 1880. Mr. Murphy was married in 1859 to Miss Mary Green, daughter of Sam. Green, a native of England. Their two children are Tim and Jessie. Politically Mr. M. has been, as he expresses it, "a rock-rooted, moss-covered, iron-clad Bourbon Democrat." His religious views are liberal. CHAPTER VI. EDUCATIONAL. The educational history of Scott County is coinraendable, its citi- zens not stopping sliort of the bsst. From the beginning a good feeling toward the public schools has always existed, and an earnest desire has been manifested on tlie part of many to secure even tlie higiier grades of education. COMMON SCHOOLS. Few even of the older States of the CTnion have an educational history more rich , varied and instructive than that of Iowa. When that history shall be written and due iionor shall be given to those who have raised the State to the high position it now holds, it will be seen that to Scott county no little honor will attach. Tlie first scliool in the county was held at Pleasant Valley in 1S35. It was taught in a log cabin by Simon Cragin. Since that day much has been done in the way of popular education, and in no wa}' is progress better illustrated in this county than in connection with its public schools. In the early day good schools were few, and it was considered fortunate, indeed, if an opportunity was offered of obtaining even the rudiments of a common school education. "Head- in', writin' and 'rithmetic," were the principal 'branches taught. Some of the few scattered settlements conld not afford to employ a teacher, and were therefore compelled to do without, or send their children through the timber or across the prairie to some more for- tunate settlement where a school was in operation. Some were sent a distance of six to nine miles, walking the entire distance morning and night of each day, in order that they might avail themselves of the opportunity of acquiring a little knowledge of their mother tongue, and thus fit themselves for the duties of life. Probably the first school in Scott County which was paid out of the public treasury was in 1850 at Davenport. The system of in- struction then pursued was entirely different from the present, great improvement having since been made. In the early day attention was paid more to rules and instruction in theory. To-day every- (371} 372 HISTOKT OF SCOTT COUNTY. thing is more practical. C. W. Von Coelin, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, in speaking upon this point, in his annual report, says: "The demand for industrial training in our ele- mentary schools is made by persons who misapprehend the object of these schools, and who have given little thought to the require- ments for preparation to conduct such instruction. Our schools must become more practical, and none appreciate this more than those in charge of our best schools. Instead of teaching geography for five or six years in our elementary schools, the rudiments of botany and zoology should be taught. The child who can tell all about the rivers and mountains of Asia and Africa is often utterly ignorant of the names, habits and uses of the plants that grow by the roadside and of the animals that he sees in the field and forest. Instead of studying the intricate rules for complicated examples of arithmetic, he should be made thoroughly familiar with the ordi- nary operations of everyday life, not by learning rules, bat by con- tinued practice and reasoning. Instead of learning definitions and rules of technical grammar, he should be taught to speak correctly and to write in a legible handwriting a good business or friendly letter. The teachers in our country schools are better prepared for this work than they were'six years ago, when the normal institute was inaugurated; but they still lack knowledge of methods and com- prehensive views of education and of their own place in the train- ing of the young. Scott County is ahead of any other in the State with respect to value of school property, average attendance, length of the school year and compensation paid teachers. The great difficulty now experienced is the want of uniformity in the organization of school districts. Upon this point Hon. P. S. Morton, County Superintend- ent, thus speaks: " Every patriotic citizen of Iowa is justly proud of the liberal provisions that have been made for the education of the children of the State. Leading educators all over the land, and even in Europe, admire the generosity of the system of public instruction. In the munificent bestowment of privileges in this particular, Iowa is second to no other State. And yet, notwith- standing the liberality of our law-makers, supported and sustained by the people, it does seem that grave mistakes have been made, not only in the law as originally framed, but especially in the numerous amendments that have been made thereto from time to time, in the matter of the organization and government of school districts. fe "1^ ^.%< yf^- HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 375 Strangers coming into the State often ask the question, On wliat system are the schools of Iowa organized ? The question is easily asked but very difficult to answer. The truth is, we have no sys- tem. From the time our school law was framed up to the present the watch-word has t)een change, amend, and to-day we have no system in the orojanization of districts, but instead, incongruous parts of several systems. As an illustration, the civil township of Hickory Grove, in Scott County, contains the district townshi]) of Hickory Grove, consist- ing of two and one-half sections of land. The officers to manage this formidable school corporation are three directors, one of whom is president, a secretary and a treasurer, neither of whom is a member of the board. The same township also embraces within its limits three independent districts, two of which have three directors each, and the other one six directors. The township of Buffalo in the same county — a fractional township — is blessed with seven independent districts and 35 school officers. Scott County has 40 school districts, with 232 officers. All tliis is in strict conformity with law. Is there not some defect in the law? After a careful consideration of this question, aided by an experi- ence of many years in the work, we cannot find a single argument in favor of the present so-called system, and have never heard a valid argument produced in its favor. Can we improve it ? Every civil township ought to be a school district. The State should have just as many school districts as^there are civil townships within its limits, cities and incorjjorated towns excepted. All districts should have the same number of officers. This township system has been thoroughly tested in several of the States, notably so in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, where the testimony is overwhelmingly large in its favor. It has been stren- uously advocated by Horace Mann, the greatest exponent of popu- lar education of his time in this country; by Dr. J. P. Wickersham; by Prof. Barnard; by Hon. J. S. Eaton, the present United States commissioner of education; by Drs. Gregory andBateman, of Illi- nois; by several of the most eminent governors of many of the States, and by most of the State and county superintendents of the country. Some of the advantages that would naturally result from the adoption of a township system are: It would be uniform as to its organization and government in all communities in every part of 23 376 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. the State, and of necessity would simplify the school laws, so that the mass of citizens would the better understand them, and take more interest in their execution, and in the education of their chil- dren. It would diminish the number of school officers, and greatly simplify the work of county auditors and county- treasurers, as well as lessen their labors. The aggregate expenditure for schools would be materially diminished. In most cases it would prevent litigation and neighborhood quarrels as to boundary lines, and the payment of tuition in adjoining districts, which at present is a serious evil. It would furnish more equal advantages and privileges to every citizen and make the rate of taxation more uniform. It would make school inspection and supervision much more efficient and permanent — a matter of the greatest importance. It would secure a better grade of teachers, with more permanency in the profes- sion, more uniformity in method, and better results every way. It would enable townships, in many cases, to grade their schools by establishing a central school of higher grade without much, if an}', additional cost. It would systematize and unify our entire school work in the rural districts by securing more thoroughness and ac- curacy on the part of pupils, a more general and heart}' co-operation on the part of parents, a closer and more systematic supervision by Boards of Directors, and economy of time and money in proportion to the results accomplished. The year ending Sept. 30, 1881, was a most satisfactory one ac- cording to the report of the county superintendent. There are now in the county 14 township districts, 79 sub-districts, and 27 inde- pendent districts. During the year ending Sept. 30, 1881, there were 74 male teachers employed and 172 female, the average com- pensation being for males, $49.89; for females, $41.35. There were then 7,852 males and 7,928 females between the ages of five and 21, with an enrollment of 9,179. There were 103 frame, 11 stone, and seven brick school-houses, the total value of which was $421, 625. There are also in the county nine select schools, employing 46 teachers. For further particulars in relation to the schools, the attention of the reader is called to the histories of the various townships. COUNTY BUPEEINTENDENTS. A. S. Kissell was the first county superintendent of public schools, and served from May, 1S5S, to October, 1859. Mr. Kissell was a practical educator, and was for some time principal of the i HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 377 public schools of Davenport, and was the first city superintendent, lie did much in placing the schools of that city on the road to their present prosperous condition. He was subsequently State super- intendent and discharged faithfully the duties of that office. Thomas J. Saunders was the second county superintendent. A sketch of Dr. Saunders will be found elsewhere in this work. He served from October, 1S59, to November, 18G1. He was after- ward appointed in June, 1867 to fill the unexpired term of George P. Whitcomb, and served to Dec. 31, 1867. D. J. Gorton succeeded Mr. Saunders on the expiration of his first terra, Nov. 1, 1861, and served four years, being re-elected on the expiration of his first term. Mr. Gorton was a faithful officer and served acceptably. He is now in business in Springfield, Mis- souri. "W. O. Hiskey was elected to the position in October, 1865, to suc- ceed Mr. Gorton. He served only until January, 1866. He was quite popular during his short administration. He subsequently moved to Minnesota for the benefit of his health and tiiere died. D. J. Gorton was appointed by the Board of Supervisors to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Mr. Hiskey, and served until the general election, October, 1856. George P. Whitcomb was elected in October, 1866, and served until June, 1867, when Mr. Saunders was appointed. Mr. Whit- comb is now practicing law in Chicago. John Gallagher was elected in October, 1867, but the law being changed he did not take possession of the office until January, 1868. He served two years and subsequently moved to Brooklyn, New York, where he is practicing law. Roderick Rose succeeded Mr. Gallagher in January, 1870, and served two months, when he resigned. A sketch of Mr. Rose will be found elsewhere in this work. P. S. Morton was appointed by the Board of Supervisors to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Mr. Rose, and was elected in October following to serve out the unexpired term. He was re-elected in 1871 and in 1873, and served until Jan. 1, 1876. C. H. Clemmer was elected in October, 1875, and assumed the duties of the office Jan. 1,1876. He was re-elected in 1877, and served until Jan. 1, 1880. Mr. Clemmer came to Scott County from Cincinnati. He was a graduate of Yale College, and was a fine scholar. Previous to coming here he studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar, and on his arrival he practiced his profession for 378 HISTOEV OF SCOTT COTTNTT. some time in Davenport. On retiring from the office of superin- tendent he moved to Dakota, and is now residing in Jamestown, in that Territory. Philo S. Morton, in 1879 was again elected, and re-elected iu 1881, which term of office will expire January, 1884. Mr. Morton is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Lawrence County, Dec. 3, 1836. His father, Wm. Morton, was born in Ireland; came to Amer- ica when five years of age. He served as captain in the war of 1812; and served four years in succession in the Pennsylvania Legislat- ure. He died in 1851, aged 66 years. He was well posted iu all points of the law and a good scholar, altliough he only attended school three months in his life. He was the nominee for associ- ate judge at the time of his death, on the Whig ticket. His wife was Hannah Slemmons, born in Fayette Co., Penn. : was of Ger- man descent. Philo S. was educated in the district schools, at- tending Westminister College, and completed a course in the Western Pennsylvania Normal School. His principal occupation was that of teaching school. He farmed some at intervals until he entered the army in August, 1861, as a member of the 100th Penn. sylvania Infantry. He went out as first lieutenant of Company C. He was commissioned captain but failing heath compelled him to resign before receiving his commission in the spring of 1863. He commanded the company at the second battle of Bull Pun; was at South Mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg. On leaving the army he again taught school and fai-nied alternately un- til he came West in July, 1867. He taught two years in St. Louis, coming to Scott County in 1869. After teaching six months in Dav- enport township, he assumed the duties of county superintendent. Mr. Morton was united in marriage with Mary E. Robeson, in Scott County, January, 1871. She was born in Scott County, and was a daughter of Thomas Robeson, an early settler of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Morton's family consists of four daughters. In politics Mr. M. has always been a Republican. He is an Odd Fellow, and has passed through the several chairs of Davenport Lodge, No. 7. MEDICAL INSTITUTE. In 1849 an institution known as the Davenport Medical Institute was established in Davenport, with a full corps of professors, in- cluding Dr. John F. Sanford, afterward well known in connection with the Keokuk Medical College. For some reason, hard to be explained, a prejudice arose in the minds of many of the people of I HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 379 the city aj^ainst the institution, heightened on one occasion by an unfounded report that a servant girl in the employ of the family of Dr. Sanford had died suddenly, and instead of having a Christian burial her body was given to the medical students for dissection, and an empty coffin buried. A number of citizens, principally Germans, went to the graveyard and exhumed the body and found, it had never been touched by the dissecting knife. On Tuesday evening, June 11, 1850, the college held its first and only commencement exercises. A large crowd of citizens and friends attended the exercises, and the enjoyment was only marred by the fact being generally known that the college was to be removed The following named gentlemen were graduated and received the decree of Doctor of Medicine : H. S. Porter, A. A. Noyes, H. Wilfred Cross, A. J. Huyck, R. 0. Warriner and Monroe Dodson. IOWA COLLEGE. The first movement for the foundine; of Iowa College was made by a called meeting of ministers aud others held at Denmark, Iowa, March 12, 1844. It was proposed to enter a township of land, and by sale thereof to settlers favorable to the enterprise commence an endowment. A committee of three was chosen to examine the location contemplated, who reported favorably to another and larger meeting April 16. The Iowa College Association was then formed, a Board of Trustees agreed upon, an Executive Committee appointed, and an agent to secure funds for the entry of land em- ployed. The agent, Rev. Asa Turner, Jr., went East immediately, his expenses being defrayed by the ministers composing the association. In the latter part of May he met in Boston parties who had just organized the " Society for the Promotion of Collegiate and Theo- logical Education at the West " and others, who condemned the jilan and advised that a location be first secured and a fund commenced from the gifts of the churches, and gave assurance that through the new society " aid may be obtained when the plan and system of instruction shall be so matured that they can secure the confidence of the Eastern mind." The agent abandoned the original plan and returned without further efi'ort. The effort for a college, however, was not abandoned, and in June, 1846, it was decided to locate at Davenport, "provided thecitizens would raise $1,500 for buildings, and furnish certain specified grounds for a site," and the members of the association pledged 380 HISTORY OF SCOTT COtJNTT. themselves to raise $100 each. Twelve trustees were elected to secure a college charter, who incorporated themselves, with others, under the general incorporation law of the Territory, Burlington, June 4, 18i7, at the last meeting of the association. Although the amount named had not been yet subscribed ($1,362 and 13 lots secured) the college was located at Davenport, and a building re- solved upon, '' not to exceed in cost $2,000." The members pledged themselves to meet within one year any deficiency in the necessary funds up to the amount of $600. In 1848 a professor of languages was secured ( who was also principal of the preparatory department ) on a salary of $500 per annum, and the preparatory department opened Nov. 1, 1848. In 1850 there were 26 students in Latin and eight in Greek. The first freshman class of six was admitted to the college department that fall. In 1854 the first senior class of two was graduated, and there were 109 names on the catalogue. In 1856 there were 139. The professorship of mathematics was filled in 1851, that of natural science in 1853, and that of mental and moral science in 1855. The work of raising funds was found, on the plan substituted for the original one, almost impossible to carry forward, though temporary agents were often appointed for the State and for the East. In 1849, at the meeting of the Congregational Association at Davenport, there was subscribed $442.65, all but four of the subscribers being ministers. The wives of the ministers, anxious to share in the enterprise of founding this college resolved to raise $100 out of their own resources, and $70 was subscribed by 14 persons who were present. At the meeting in Muscatine in 1852 the ministers again subscribed $153, and at the meeting in Mount Pleasant in 1853 a subscription was made of $711. P. W. Carter, of Waterbury, Conn., gave that year $5,000 to endow the pro- fessorship of languages. In 1856 Rev. E. Adams, agent of the college, secured about $11,000 on subscription, a large part of which was realized. The Society for "Western Colleges made ap- propriations from time to time to the amount of about $6,000 for current expenses. The college was never attached to any ecclesiastical body. Like the New England colleges, its charter required neither instructors nor trustees to belong to any particular denomination. Although nearly all its support came from the Congregationalists, it had both trustees and instructors of other denominations. Presbyte- rians were in the first board and the original " Iowa College HISTORY OF SOOTT COITNTT. 381 Association," and took part in the proceedings down to 1852, when the Des Moines Presbytery proposed to undertake the founding of a professorship, on condition that it should be "always subject to the control of the presbytery." The trustees responded that tbe\' would be happy to have the professorship endowed on the principles " upon which the members of the Des Moines Presby- tery and the Congregational Association of Iowa united in found- ing the college, and the rules and regulations that are usually adopted in the endowment of professorships in literary institu- tions." Nothing was done by the Presbyterians, and they grad- ually ceased to be members of the Board of Trustees. The original site of the college was on the blufl:" in Davenport overlooking the river. In ISoi, the city having laid out a street through the grounds, destroying their use for college purposes, and declining to vacate it on request of the trustees, they were obliged io remove to a new location farther back. A tine stone building was there erected, and a boarding-house of wood. The new grounds were of great beauty, containing nearly 10 acres, part of which, however, was granted to the public for adjacent streets. In 1857 the city took steps to extend a street through these grounds, and in 1858 it was decided to dispose of them and again remove. The funds of the college were insufScient to make needed improve- ments or sustain the faculty, now consisting of four professors; the unsettled condition of things prevented progress, and in 1859 the property was sold to Bishop H. W. Lee and others for an Episco- pal college, the first of the proceeds being devoted to liquidating the debts. Rev. Erastus Ripley, B. A., became connected with the college in 1848 and acted as principal of the preparatory department and professor of Greek and Latin, retaining the former position until 1851 and the latter until 1858. Rev. II. L. BuUen, Professor of Mathematics, was called to that position in 1851, and served until 1858. David S. Sheldon, Professor of Natural Sciences, was chosen in 1853, and served jwith ability till the college was disposed of, and is still connected with Griswold College, in Davenport. Rev. Daniel Lane, Professor of Natural Philosophy and Meta- physics, commenced his labors in 1855, and served till 1858. 382 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. GRISWOLD COLLEGE. As early as 1856 the Episcopal members of the diocese of Iowa began to discuss the subject of establishing among thera an educa^ tional institution under the auspices of their church. The support- ers X)f this movement were led by the bishop of the diocese, Dr. Henry W. Lee, who earnestly pushed the project from its incep- tion. A committee was appointed by the diocesan convention who reported the following year in favor of establishing a seminary of literary and theological. learning. The " standing committee '' was authorized to entertain propositions witli reference to the loca- tion of such a seminary, and report to the next convention. 'No report was made to the next convention, however, owing to a mis- understanding as to whose duty it was so to report. Some thought the ' ' standing committee " meant the standing committee of the diocese, while others supf)0sed that the standing committee on edu- cation was the one referred to. In the light of subsequent devel- opments, this delay proved fortunate; for, had the report been made in 1858, the convention would have been committed to a proj- ect requiring many years for its execution. The convention of 1859 met in Trinity church, Davenport. An elaborate report was made, setting forth the different plans that had been proposed, and recommending to the serious considera- tion of the convention an offer which had been made to them of a college already established. This referred to Iowa College, lo- cated in the very city in which the convention was sitting and whose trustees were willing to sell the property to the diocese. Iowa College was newly started, and the trustees were impelled to sell for the following reasons: The lack of co-operation on the part of the community; the tempting offer of land and money made on con- dition of the removal of the college to Grinnell; and an indebted- ness of $25,000. The removal of Iowa College to Grinnell and the purchase of its Davenport property by the diocese have resulted most fortunately to all concerned. The price was fixed at $36,000. The name of " Griswold College" was adopted, in honor of Bishop Griswold. Griswold College was organized with three departments, — pre- paratory, collegiate and theological, — and the preparatory depart- ment was opened Dec. 12, 1859, under the charge of the Rev. F. Emerson Judd, assisted by Prof. D. S. Sheldon. The latter had been a professor in Iowa College, and was prevailed upon to remain with the new institution, where he continues to-day, in the capacity 1 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 383 of dean of the faculty, and professor of mathematics and natural science. Few can be as interested in the past, jjresent and future of the college, which has been the scene of his self-sacrificing and arduous labors for so many years, as the efficient and time-honored Prof. Sheldon. It is the work of such men as he within the college and Bishop Les without (in raising funds and arousing the interest of the denomination), that has built up Griswold College and made it what it is to-day. During this first year of its history the library of Griswold was begun, with the promising number of 1,200 volumes. The bright prospects of the college, particularly in its financial condition, were somewhat darkened by the great war of the Rebellion, which closed the doors of many older colleges and discouraged peaceful projects throughout the nation. In 1862 the trustees reported a debt of $15,000; but this was entirely paid the following year, by the strenuous efforts of tlie Rev. Silas Totten and Rev. Chas. B. Stout. The success of the enterprise was now insured, and Griswold College prospered. In 186G the report of the trustees was hardly more than a series of congratulations. The first item was the pro- posal of David J. Ely, of Chicago, to endow a professorship in the theological department with $20,000, reserving the right to name the first incumbent. This offer was gratefully accepted and Rev. Willis H. Barris was confirmed as " Ely Professor of Ecclesiastical History." He has held the position ever since to the great advan- tage of the college and the church. A lady in New York also gave $10,000 toward the endowment of another professorship, to be named after the late Dr. Anthon. The bishop of the diocese was nominated and confirmed as "Anthon Professor of Systematic Di- vinity." Two other donations were made in 1866, and reported to this same convention. Valuable additions were made to the library at the same time. The convention of 1866 also accepted an offer from the trustees of a piece of land on which to erect a bishop's church. This was the initiatory step which led to the con- secration. June IS, 1873, of one of the finest churciies in the West. In 1867 still further improvements were made, and more money was raised. Literary and missionary societies were established, and a steady increase of students, especiall}- those having in view the ministry, was reported by the trustees. The Griswold Collegian "was also started. In 1869 the trustees reported the resignation of the President, Rev. Dr. H. N. Powers, whose administration con- stituted the most successful portion of the college history. He 384 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. was succeeded by Eev. Edward Lounsbury. The acquisition of a valuable mineralogical cabinet, and important additions to the library, were also rej^orted. In 1871 the Crocker Professorship was endowed, with $21,000. In 1872 financial difficulties arose which compelled the temporary suspension of the collegiate de- partment. The death of Bishop Lee occurred about this time, and it was not until the advent of a new bishop, in 187^, that Griswold again opened its collegiate course. Since that time much has been done for the benefit of Griswold, and it occupies a higher position than ever before. The property has been put in repair, the grounds have been tastefully graded and enclosed, the library has been increased to 7,000 volumes, and the cabinet has been made more complete. A gift of $5,000 by D. J. Ely, of New York, has resulted in the addition of a beautiful build- ing near the cathedral. Between the cathedral and the college stands the noble soldiers' monument. The foundation of an en- dowment for the support of the president has been made, and in June next (1882) the Bishop Lee Memorial Hall, built by gifts made by the well-known Jay Cooke, of Philadelphia, will be opened to theological students. The catalogue of this year records the ad- dition to the permanent chairs of " The John David Wolfe Professor- ship of Ancient Languages," and " The Catharine Lorillard Wolfe Professorship of Homiletics." The trustees have entrusted to their care the following productive and unproductive property: Crocker endowment, $22,500 Prof.'s hou3e, valued at $ 3,000 Anthon 11,500 Ely house " 7,000 Ely 20,000 Lib., 7,000 vols. " 5,000 President's " 3,000 Cabinet and appa- College site, valued at $100,000 ratus 5,000 College building " 15,000 College lands " 6,500 Pres.'B house " College chapel " 12,000 3,000 Total §313,000 Thus permanent property to the amount of over $200,000 has been secured, of which friends in the East have contributed a little more than half. With these means in their hands there have been graduated from the college 24 in arts, four in science and 23 in theology, while fully 1,000 pupils have had the advantage of the preparatory department. The theological graduates are laboring in 13 dioceses. Two have gone as missionaries to foreign lands. The college graduates are filling important positions in various parts of the country, with credit to themselves and the institution where they receive their intellectual training. I HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTV. 385 It should be remembered by the friends of the Episcopal Church that Griswold College is the only college under their control in the valley of the Mississippi and Missouri, offering the facilities for higher education and maintaining a standard equal to the older institutions at the East. It is in view of this, and the fact that it has too much property that cannot be diverted to other uses, that the eight bishops holding the 10 sees or jurisdictions lying between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, have united in ac- cepting the position of official " visitors'' of Griswold, and in ac- cording to it a recognized place as the Church college of the vast territory over which they preside. Griswold has undoubtedly a bright future before it, and will occupy a high place, not only in its own Church, but among all classes and denominations in the West. In view of this recognition of the college as the Church college of the dioceses and jurisdictions of Iowa, Minnesota, Mis- souri, Nebraska, Kansas, Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah and Montana, efforts are being made for raising $100,000 to fully equip the institution for efficient work. The course of study in the scientific and theological departments is three years long; that in the classical department, four years- The curriculum is fully up to the standard of collegiate education, and the drill of a full course is of inestimable value. The year is divided into two terras, called Advent term and Easter term. The Advent term extends from the second Thursday in September to the last of January, and the Easter term from the first of February to the fourth Wednesday in June. Each term consists of two quarters, with a vacation of one week at Ciiristmas and Easter. The present numberof students is about 60. The faculty numbers 11, of which the Rt. Rev. Wm. Stevens Perry, D. D., LL.D., is president. CHAPTER VII. POLITICAL. The political history of a people is ever an interesting study, especially is this the case in a free land, where, in the eye ot the law, all are upon an equality, and where even the humblest has the opportunity of reaching the highest office recognized by the laws of the country. In this chapter it is the design to give, in a short space, the various general, and, as far as possible, the local, issues entering into each campaign, together with the official vote of a portion of the officers voted for at each general election. Scott County was organized in 1S3S, and Iowa was a Territory lor eight years thereafter, still the people did not lose sight of the political issues that were then being discussed throughout the nation. At this time party lines were being tightly drawn for the first time in the history of the Union, and although enjoying none of the rights of a State, the people of the Territory were looking forward to the time when they would be admitted into the Union and be as independent as any of the older States. Therefore, from the beginning, political organizations were effected, and the various local campaigns turned upon the political questions and political predelictions of a party nominated for office, more than upon his personal qualification, or personal popularity. 1838. — The first election participated in by the voters of Scott County, after its organization, was for members of the Legislat- ure and a delegate to Congress. William W. Chapman, David Rorer, Peter H. Engel and B. F. "Wallace were the candidates for the latter office. This county was Democratic and gave a majority lor Mr. Engel, and also for the Democratic candidate for tlie Legis- lature. 1839. — The campaign of 1839 attracted little attention, being only for members of the second Territorial Legislature and county officers. 1840. — No previous political campaign in the history of this country can be compared with the "hard-cider campaign" of 1840. "William H. Harrison was for the second time honored by his party — the "Wliig — with a nomination for the presidency ; Martin Van (886) HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 387 Buren was nominated by the Democracy for re-election. The hard times that existed during the entire administration of Yan Buren caused many to desire a change, with the hope that the change in the political administration of the Government would bring about prosperity. Taking advantage of this state of affairs, the Whigs seemed to be inspired, and went into the campaign with such spirit as almost paralyzed their opponents, althouglx they made a gallant fight. Mass meetings, held at central points, were at- tended by thousands of people ; many coming a long distance in lumber-wagons, camping out, and enduring many hardships, — but enthusiastic in the cause. Campaign songs were introduced, and doubtless contributed much to inspire the people, and in the elec- tion of Harrison. As a specimen of the songs of the time the following are given : A GOURD OF HARD CIDER. Let Frenchman drink claret and sweet muscadine, And Germans drink hock on the banks of the Rhine; But give me to quaf!', with friends warm and true, A gourd of hard cider t' old Tippecanoe. John Bull may get drunk on his beer and his gin. Till he can't leave his seat or spit over his chin; But if that's in the world on which I'd get blue, 'Tis a gourd of hard cider t' old Tippecanoe. Let the Don swill his port, .and smoke his cigar, And Pisanos suck Tiffin and drink " Bolivar ;" But we in log cabins such trash will eschew For a gourd of hard cider t' old Tippecanoe. With praties and whisky let Pat fill his maw, And Donald get blind on his smoked esfiuebaugh ; Me Fingal ne'er drank, nor did Brian Boru, A gourd of hard cider t' old Tippecanoe. In the White House, Van Buren may drink his champagne. And have himself toasted from Georgia to Maine; But we in log cabins, with hearts warm and true, Drink a gourd of hard cider t' old Tippecanoe. Old Jove has drank nectar for time and a day. To drown the dull cares of his heavenly sway; But if he'd be wise, he'd try Homething new — Drink a gourd of hard cideri' old Tippecanoe. Hurrah for old Tip I — from his side we'll not shrink, To our rights, and our laws, and our country, we'll drink, Success to the banner of " red, white, and blue," In a gourd of hard cider t' old Tippecanoe. 388 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. SONG OF TIPPECANOE. Air — Old Rosin the Bmc. Come, let us all join in a chorus, And shout it along as we go, Our song the bright prospect before us, And the hero of Tippecanoe. When the savage invaded our border And thousands most shockingly slew, He drove them with death and disorder On the banks of the Tippecanoe. When the British and Indians united, Believing they'd conquer their foe, Most bravely Fort Meigs saw recited The scenes of old Tippecanoe. For an age he had served them In earnest. And ever was faithful and true ; And our country's now reaping the harvest '7' Which was planted by Tippecanoe. From seclusion the people now call him To come out before them anew ; For one single term to install him Our President — Tippecanoe. The Vannies have chuckled, denying That Harrison ever will do; But, astounded they hear the whole nation Hurrah for old Tippecanoe. The Republican banner is waving, ■ Unfurling its folds to the view ; Patriots! let your motto be "Union," And rally round Tippecanoe. The Democracy of the Territory met in convention Aug. 19, and nominated Gen. A. C. Dodge for delegate to Congress, while the Whigs put in nomination Alfred Rich. Dodge was elected. There was also an election for a State Constitutional Convention, which was defeated, the vote in this county being recorded against it. 1841. — The Whigs opened the campaign by a State Convention at Davenport to nominate a candidate for delegate to Congress. As this was the first convention in the Territory at which a plat- form was adopted. An extract of the platform is given : Whereas, It has pleased the Governor of the Universe, by one of those in Ecrutable acts, the righteousness of which no man may question, to take from the American people tlieir beloved Chief Magistrate, William Henry Harrison, and transfer him from this to another, and, we trust, to a better, world; therefore. HISTOKT OF SCOTT COUNTY. 389 Resolved, That we sincerely mourn over anil deplore the loss of one whose ser- vices in every department of society have been so pre-eminently useful. Asa citizen, he was beloved for his rectitude and benevolence; as a soldier, distin- guished for his bravery and success; as a statesman, his ability, purity and patriotism were remarkable; as a Christian, he was humble and pious. In short, bis whole character was made up of traits seldom to be found in men occupying the place in society he filled, and is worthy of imitation by all those who love their country. The Democrats met in convention at Iowa City, June 7, and re- nominated Gen. A. C. Dodge for Congress, and adopted the fol- lowing resolutions: Whekeas, The Federalists, or self-styled Whigs, of Iowa, flushed with their recent victory in the presidential contest, and secure in the enjoyment of power are laboring zealously and perseveringly to affect a revolution in the political character of the Territory, to accomplish which all their united energies will be brought into action at the nest general election ; and WuEREAs, The Democracy here, as well as elsewhere, believing the princi- ples of their party to be baaed upon the immutable and eternal doctrines of right and justice, feel it to be their duty to maintain and assert them upon all proper occasions, in the hour of defeat as well as when triumphant; and Whbreas, By union and harmony, exertion and activity, we can administer a rebuke to the arrogant spirit of Federalism, at our next general election, which, while it will exhibit Iowa to the Democracy of the Union in the most enviable light, will also demonstrate to the enemies of our principles the futility and hope- lessness of their efforts to obtain the ascendency ; therefore, Resolved, That it is the duty of every Democrat of Iowa, no matter what may he his station in life, to be watchful, vigilant and active in maintaining the as- cendancy of his party in the Territory ; and it is earnestly urged upon all that they lay aside local questions and .sectional feelings, and unite heart and hand in exterminating their common enemy, Federalism, from the Territory. Renoh'ed, That Iowa, in defiance of the efforts of the national administration to throw around her the shackles of Federalism, is, and will continue to be. Demo- cratic to the core ; and she spurns, with a proper indignation, the attempt of those in power to enslave her, by sending her rulers from abroad, whose chief recommendation is that they have not only been noisy, but brawling, clamorous politicians. Retoltid, That in the appointment of Daniel Webster to be secretary of the State we see the destinies of our beloved country committed to the hands of a man who, during the late war with Great Britain, pursued a course to which the epithet of " moral treason " was justly applied at the time. In the gloomiest period of the war Mr. Webster was found acting upon all occasions in opposi- tion to every war measure brought forward by the friends of the country; and the journals of Congress and speeches of Mr. Webster clearly established the fact that, th»ugh not a member, he connived at and leagued in with the traitorous Hartford Convention. 1S42. — The election in 1842 was for members of the Territorial Legislature and for county officers. No platforms were adopted by either party, but full party tickets were placed in nomination. In this conntv R. Christie was the Whig and J. A.. Birchard the 390 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Democratic nominees for the Council, and J. M. Eobertson,Whig, and A. W. Campbell the Democratic candidates for representa- tive. The election was very close, the Whigs electing their candi- dates for the Council and House and the Democrats for all the county offices. At the session of the Legislature for lS-ll-'4:2 the subject of ad- mission as a State again came up, and was relegated to a popular vote, which again defeated the proposition at the August election, the voters of Scott County not yet being ready for a change from a Territorial to a State existence. 1843. — A Whig Territorial Convention was called to meet at Iowa City, July 19, but the Central Committee finally abandoned it, and the Whigs supported without convention or resolutions William H. Wallace for Congress. The Democrats met in Iowa City, June 26, and re-nominated Gen. A. C. Dodge for Congress and adjourned without adopting resolutions, having appointed a committee to prepare an address to the people. The canvass was quite spirited in this county, both parties placing tickets in the field. Gr. C. R. Mitchell was the Whig nominee for representa- tive and Jatnes Crrant the Democratic. Both candidates afterward became distinguished men in county and State. In this county the Wiiigs for the first time were entirely success- ful, electing every candidate for local office, and giving Mr. Wal- lace 23 majority over Gen. Dodge. 1844. — A presidential campaign is always more or less exciting, but the campaign of 1844, except in a few localities, was not to be compared with that of 1840. Iowa still being under Territorial control could have no part in the election of a President. The first election this year was for or against a Constitutional Convention. Scott County voted against it by a majority of 61. The Whigs held a State Convention at Iowa City, Jan. 9, and adopted a series of resolutions, embracing the following points: 1, Objection to the prostitution of the patronage of the President and of Government officers to the service of party, and in favor of one presidential term; 2, Opposition to use of funds arising from the sale of public lands, and opposition to direct taxation; 3, In favor of distribution of the funds arising from sale of public lands to the several States; 4, In favor of a National currency and internal improvements; 5, In favor of a protective tariff. The Demo- crats this year adopted no platform. . The officers to be voted for ^^(^^^.^12^^^:^^^ HISTORY OF SCOIT COUNTY. 393 were county commissioner, commissioner's clerk, recorder and treasurer. The Democracy were successful in electing their en- tire ticket. 1845. — The Constitutional Convention elected in 18i4 framed a constitution, which was submitted to Congress for its approval, and on March 3, 1845, an act was passed for the admission of Iowa as a State, in which the northern and western boundaries of the State were curtailed. At an election in April, the people of the Territory rejected this constitution, and also refused to accept it after a subsequent act of Congress, at the election in August. At the April election Scott County voted against it by a majority of 122 out of a total vote of 460. At this same election members of the Legislature were elected. Laurel Summers was the Democratic candidate for the Council and was opposed by Z. Metcalf, Wiiig. Mr. Summers was elected. For the House, J. M. Robertson, Whig, was opposed by E. S. Wing, Democrat. Mr. Robertson was elected. At the August election for court officers the Democrats were suc- cessful. 1846. — County officers were to be elected, and full tickets were nominated by both the Democratic and Whig parties. The total vote cast was 547, the entire Democratic ticket being elected save that of probate judge, James Thorington, Whig, being elected over C. Weston, Democrat, by a majority of 88.- The majorities of the Democratic candidates ranged from three to 148, the la'^ter being received by J. D. Evans, for recorder, over W. S. Collins ; and the former by E. S. Wing, over Ebenezer Cook. A. H. Dav- enport, for sheriff, received a majority of 139 over E. A. Rigg, Whig. A vote on the State Constitution was taken at the same election, resulting in a majority of 51 for, out of a total vote of 541. After the adoption of the constitution the contending parties began to prepare for the first State election. In response to the call signed by the Whig Central Committee the Whig Convention met at Iowa City, Sept. 25, and nominated a State ticket. The Democratic Con- vention met in Iowa City, Sept. 24, and after nominating a ticket adopted a series of resolutions. 1847. — The Legislature, by an act approved Feb. 24, 1847, created a Board of Public Works for the improvement of the Des Moines River, and provided for the election on the first Monday in the fol- lowing August, of a president, secretary and treasurer of such board. The Democratic State Convention met June 11, at Iowa City, and after nominating candidates adopted a platform favoring 24 394 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. the prosecution of the war with Mexico, pledging support to President Polk, thanking Genls. Scott and Taylor, approving the conduct of the Democratic members of the State Legislature, and in favor of tree schools. The Whigs placed a ticket in the field but passed no resolutions. In this count3' the vote was close between the parties, the Whigs electing prosecuting attorney, probate judo-e, and surveyor, while the Democrats elected sheriff, recorder, and commissioner's clerk. The Whig candidate for Congress had a majority of 13. 1848. — This was the first presidential campaign in which tl\e voters of Iowa had a direct interest, and in which the vote of the people would be counted for or against one of the presidential can- didates. Zachary Taylor, the hero of Buena Vista, was placed in nomination for the presidency by the Whigs; Lewis Cass, the em- inent statesman of Michigan, by the Democrats; and Martin Van Buren, by the Free-Soil party. State officers were to be elected with exception of governor and lieutenant-governor, and each of the three parties placed a ticket in thetield. The Whigs of the State were the first to meet in convention, assembling at Iowa City, May 11, and nominating a full State ticket, and adopting a platform in which they declared the right of the people to assemble in conven- tion and to criticise the acts of their public servants, and charging the Democratic administration of President Polk with abandoning the principles of true republicanism, as taught by Washington, Jefierson, and Madison; denying that Whigs were disloyal; in favorof the Wilmot proviso; in favor of the improvement of the Mississippi Eiver; in fjivor of Taylor for the presidency. The Democrats met in covention at Iowa City, June 1, and placed in nomination a ticket. Shepherd Lefler was the Democratic, and Timothy Davis the Whig candidate for Congress. In this county the fight centered jjrincipall}- upon the representative in the Legisla- ture, John D. Evans being the Democratic candidate, and A. C. Fulton, the Whig. The vote was close, Mr. Evans receiving a majority of six out of a total of 6SS. For President, Lewis Cass re- ceived a majority over Taylor of 31, and a majority of one over both Taylor and Van Buren. 1849. — Only members of the Board of Public Works were to be elected, and "conventions were held by both parties at Iowa City and the usual resolutions adopted. For county officers the election was of much interest, and partj' lines were not very closely drawn. Harvey Leonard was elected sherifi over Enos Tichenor by a ma- HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 395 jority of 261. The Democrats succeeded in electing sheriff, re- corder, county commissioner's clerk, and surveyor; while the Whigs elected prosecuting attorney, coroner, and probate judge. For the latter office, James Thorington had no opposition. 1850. — Both State and county officers were to be elected this year. S. Hempstead was the Democratic nominee for governor, and was opposed by J. L. Tliompson, the Whig candidate for the same office. Tiie Free-Soil party also had a candidate in the per- son of W. P. Clark, but its vote in Scott County, as well as in the State, was quite small. Mr. Clark received four votes in this county, all being cast in the city of Davenport. As usual, the Democrats carried the county, their majorities i-anging from 42 to 96, the latter being received by M. E. Leffingwell, candidate for S^ate senator. For representative Laurel Summers was the Dem- ocratic candidate, and A. C. Fulton, the Whig candidate. Both were popular in their respective communities. Scott County had voted to aid in the construction of the Rock Island & La Salle Rail- road, and Mr. Fulton was a strong advocate of the measure, while Mr. Summers opposed, as did the majority of voters in the neigh- borhood of Le Claire, the home of Mr. Summers. To this fact, in a measure, Mr. Summers owes his election, the Whigs of Le Claire all voting for him save eight. A. W. McGregor, the Whig candi- date for prosecuting attorney, had no opposition, and he was the only one of that party elected. Of the State officers, Mr. Hemp- stead, for governor, received 67 majority, and Israel Kester, for State treasurer, 60 majority, which shows the party strength. The total vote cast at this election was 776. ISol. — County officers alone were to be elected this year. Good men were nominated by both parties, and one at least was elected upon his personal popularity, and anotlier ran far ahead of his ticket. William Burris, the Whig candidate for county judge, was elected by a majority of 166, wiiile Harvey Leonard, Demo- cratic candidate for slieriff, had 160 majority. The remainder of the Democratic ticket was elected by majorities ranging from 29 to 87. Hiram Price, Democratic candidate for recorder, had no o])position, and received about 25 per cent, more tlian the party vote. 1852. — The Whigs were first in the field in this State, their con- vention being held at Iowa City, Feb. 26, where a State ticket was nominated and a platform was adopted. The Democrats met in convention at the capital May 28, and nominated a ticket. 396 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. Tlie "Whigs again placed in the lield as tlieir nominee for the presidency a military chieftain, one who in the war of 1812 and in the Mexican war distinguished himself in such a manner as to win the praise of the whole country — Gen. Winfield Scott. He was confronted by Franklin Pierce, who, though ranking as general' was not considered the military hero as was General Scott. The Free Soil party, though having no hopes of electing their ticket, placed John P. Hale in the field as a candidate for the same office. John P. Cook, of Davenport, was the Whig nominee for Congress, and was opposed by Lincoln Clark, the nominee of the Democ- racy. The canvass was spirited and resulted in the election of Mr. Cook, who was quite popular. In this county there was a great deal of scratching of tickets, as is shown by the vote. The Demo- cratic candidates for State officers received majorities ranging from 188 to 199, while the AVhig candidate for Congress had 33 ma- jority, and for clerk of the District Court a majority of 88. The Democratic candidate for prosecuting attorney had 295 majority, and for State Senator, 62. The total vote at the August election was 1,037. At the November election for President, Franklin Pierce received a majority of 124- over Scott, and 43 over Scott and Hale. The total vote was 1,239, the largest ever given. 1853. — Only one State officer was to be elected — attorney-gen- eral. For county officers good men were nominated by both parties, and the question of temperance entered largely into the canvass. Hiram Price, for recorder, the Temperance candidate, had a majority of 448; and the entire Temperance ticket was elected, save sheriff, Harvey Leonard, the Democratic candidate, coming out ahead 121 votes. 1854. — New questions now arose growing out of the repeal of the Missouri Compromise and the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill. The Whig party, unable to recover from its defeat in 1852, had been slowly disintegrating and had almost ceased to e.xist. The Democratic party was divided on the new issues. For some years a new party had been struggling for an existence, based on ques- tions of nationality, and known as the American or Know-Nothing party. On the 9th of January the Democracy met in convention at the capitol and nominated a full State ticket and adopted a plat- form. The Whigs met at Iowa City, Feb. 22, and made nomina- tions and adopted a platform. J. W. Sennett, of Davenport, was the Whig candidate for attor- ney-general, and was opposed by D. C. Cloud. Mr. Sennett re- ceived a majority of 190 in this county, though he was defeated in HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 397 election. James Thorinc^ton, also of Davenport, was the Whi^ nominee for Congress, and in opposition was S. Hempstead, the nominee of the Democracy. Mr. Thorington was elected. A. C. Fnlton had a majority of 381 over J. A. Bircliard. The entire AVhig ticket was elected in the county, that ticket receiving the votes of many of the Anti-Nebraska men. 18.55. — In this county the temperance question was the leading issue, the Republicans, or Anti-Nebraska Whigs, voting the Tem- perance ticket. The Democrats elected county judge, sheriti", and coroner, and the Temperance men the recorder and surveyor. 1856.— Former issues dividing the political parties had disappeared, and new issues were being rapidJy formed. The Whig party had ceased to exist, and on its ruins had been erected two other parties, one having for its central truth opposition to the further extension of slavery, and the other that American-born citizens must rule America. These parties had, of course, absorbed many of the members of the old Democratic party. The American party, not being opposed to slavery, or, at least, making no opposition to it, either in the States in which it existed or the newly formed Terri- tories, where it had been made subject to admission by the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, had become a numerous body in the South, with many adherents in the North. The Republican party, basing its claims for popular suffrage upon its advocacy of freedom in the Territories, was not permitted an existence in the Southern States, and of necessity was confined to the North. The first State Convention by the newly organized Republican party was held at Iowa City, Feb. 22, and placed a ticket in the field for State officers, and adopted a platform in accordance with the principles of equal rights and firm opposition to slavery. The Democratic Convention met at the capitol June 26, nominated a ticket, and adopted a platform in accordance with that adopted at the National Convention at Cincinnati. The nominations of James Buchanan and John G. Breckenridge were enthusiastically confirmed. 1857. — State and county officers were to be elected and both parties were fully represented by State and county tickets. The Republicans in State Convention re-adopted the platform of the previous year, together with appropriate resolutions upon national topics. The Democracy met in convention, and after nominating a State ticket passed resolutions in accordance with their views of national policy. The Democratic Convention met at Des Moines, 398 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. June 23, nominated a ticket, and on national questions passed res- ohations supporting the action of the Government and the judicial tribunals, deprecating the agitation of the slavery question, and denouncing British outrages. 1858. — State officers, with the exception of governor and lieu- tenant-governor, were to be elected. Elijah Sells was nominated by the Republicans for secretary of state, and Samuel Douglas by the Democrats. William Vandever was the Republican nomi- nee for Congress, and opposed to him was William E. Leffingwell. For clerk of the District Court Joseph A. Crandall received the Democratic nomination, and Ira M. Gilford the Republican. The questions growing out of the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and the attempted introduction of slavery in Kansas, and the trouble arising therefrom, were still the issues that divided parties. The Republicans met in Iowa City, June 17, and adopted a plat- form in which were resolutions condemning the extension of the slave States, and bitterly denouncing the Dred Scott decision. 1859. — The Republican Convention met at Des Moines, June 22, and nominated S. J. Kirkwood, of Iowa City, for governor, and Nicholas J. Rusch, of Scott County, for lieutenant-governor, and adopted a platform substantially the same as in 1858. The Demo- crats met in convention at Des Moines, June 23, and nominated A. C. Dodge, of Des Moines, for governor, and L. W. Babbitt, of Pot- tawattamie, for lieutenant-governor. Resolutions were passed declaring the right of the Territories to pass such laws on the subject of slavery as they pleased. The Republicans in this county elected ever}' candidate on their ticket, the majorities ranging from iiJ: to 957, with the exception of the candidate for sheriff, James Tliorington being opposed by Harvey Leonard for that office. Mr. Leonard was always extremely popular before the people, and gave Mr. Tliorington a close race, the latter being elected by 93 majority. 1860. — The campaign of I860 has never had a parallel in the history of the Government, unless it be that of 18-10. The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill, which it had been hoped would have settled the slavery controversy by referring the question to the people of the Territories, who were more directly interested in the matter, served rather to unsettle it, dividing the Democratic party and more firmly uniting the Repiiblican party. The Republican Convention was called to meet at Chicago, for the purpose of nomi- nating candidates for President and Vice-President. In this con- HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 399 vention it was plain to see who was the favorite of tlio loolccrs-on. Ever}' mention of Lincoln's name was received with cheer after clieer. Tljree ballots were taken, Mr. Lincoln receiving a majority of the whole votes, and was made the nnanimous choice of the convention amidst the most intense enthusiasm. Hannibal Ham- lin, of Maine, was selected as the candidate for Vice-President. The Democratic National Convention was called to meet at Charleston, South Carolina. The friends of Stephen A. Douglas were very active in urging his claims to the nomination for the presidency, many of the delegates from the Northern States, being instructed to iise all honorable means to that end. The claims of Douglas were stoutly contested by the leaders of the Democracy of the South, and it was evident some time before the convention assembled that it would be difficult to come to an agreement. Meet- ing in the city of Charleston, April 23. the convention remained in session 10 days, at the expiration of which time no nomination was made, many of the delegates from the Southern States with- drawing. The rule of the National Democratic Convention re- quired a two-thirds vote of the entire body for any candidate to secure his nomination. So many delegates wi'hdrawino-, after taking 57 ballots it was found impossible for any candidate to secure that number. An adjournment was then had to Balti- more, June 19. At this latter place the cotivention assembled pursuant to ad- journment, but even here no agreement could be reached between the factions. After a six days' meeting Stephen A. Douglas was nominated for President and Benjamin Fitzpatrick, of Alabama, for Vice-President. The nomination of Douglas was received with very great enthusiasm. Mr. Fitzpatrick declining, Herschel V. Johnson, of Georgia, was substituted. Mr. Johnson acce]ited the nomination. A portion of the convention seceded, and, holding another con- vention June 23. nominated John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, for President, and -Joseph Lane, of Oregon, for Vice-President. A " Union " Convention met, at which John Bell, of Tennessee, was nominated for President, and Edward Everett, of Massachu- setts, for Vice-President. With four presidential candidates in the Held, the exciting ques- tions growing out of tlie institution of slavery, and the threats of disunion by a portion of the South, in tlie event of the election ot Lin- coln, tended to make the campaign one of great interest. "Wide- 400 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Awake" clubs aud organizations of "Hickory Boys," on the part of Republicans and Douglas Democrats, respectively, tended to increase the excitement. Large and enthusiastic meetings were held by each party in all the leading towns and cities, and even in many of the smaller villages. The names of the "Rail-Splitter'' and the "Little Giant" evoked the greatest enthusiasm. The Republican State Convention met in Iowa City, May 23, nominated a State ticket, and adopted a platform endorsing the action of the National Convention at Chicago, endorsing its nomi- nations, and favoring rigid economy in State matters. The Dem- ocratic Convention met at Des Moines, Jul}' 12, nominated a State ticket, and passed resolutions endorsing Douglas and Johnson. Tlie " Union ticket" was strongly condemned. 1861. --The war for the Union was now in progress, aud issues grow- ing out of that war were forming. The Republicans were first to meet in convention, assembling in Des Moines, July, 31, and nominated a candidate for governor and other State officers, and adopted a plat- form heartily supporting the Government in its assertion of the right to coerce, denouncing the doctrine of secession, maintaining the supremacy of the Constitution, and declaring in the most forci- ble language that the Rebellion should be put down at any cost. The Democratic State Convention passed resolutions also unequiv- ocally condemning the action of the seceding States, but declaring it to be the legitimate result of the successful teaching of the " ir- repressible conflict," and also denying in toto the right of the Government to perpetuate the Union by force of arms. State sov- ereignty was endorsed, and the opposite doctrine declared to be fraught with disastrous consequences. 1862. — The Union army had met with several reverses during the year, and a gloomy feeling pervaded the minds of the people, having its effect upon the the canvass for State officers. The Dem- ocrats met in convention at Des Moines, and adopted a platform in which they expressed themselves as in favor of using all consti- tutional means for the suppression of the Rebellion and opposed to any scheme of confiscation and emancipation; opposed to a suspen- sion of the writ oi habeas corpus; declaring the superiority of the white over the black race, and opposed to the purchase of the slaves. The Republicans in their platform adopted at Des Moines resolved, that it was the duty of every man to help maintain the Government, condemned the course of secession sympathizers, and asked all favorable to giving the national administration honest support to co-operate with them. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. 401 There was a falling oft' in the vote in this county from 1861. On the State ticket, the Republican candidate received an average majority of SIO. The soldiers in the field were permitted to vote this year, a record of which will be found in the returns given else- where in this volume. 1863. — The Democrats met in convention at Des Moines and nominated a candidate for governor, and other State officers- Questions growing out ot the war still afforded issues between par- ties. The writ of habeas corpus had been suspended by the Presi- dent; martial law had been declared in some of the border States not in rebellion, and the proclamation of emancipation had been issued. These measures the Democracy in convention and by res- olution opposed, while the Republican Convention, which convened June 17, favored each. Thus were the issues defined. A full vote was had in the county, the Republicans electing each of their can- didates by an average majority of 1,300. 1S61. — Abraham Lincoln was re-nominated by the Republicans, and associated with him on the ticket was Andrew Johnson, the Union governor of Tennessee. The Democrats put in nomination Gen. George B. Mc Clellan for the presidency and George H. Pen- dleton for the vice-presidency. The Republicans of Iowa held a convention at Des Moines July 7, and adopted a platform confirm- ing the re-noraination of Abraham Lincoln, and paying high trib- utes ot praise to the loyal soldiers and soldiers' wives whose sacrifices were saving the Union. The Democratic State Conven- tion met at Des Moines, July 16, selected a State ticket, but adopted no platform. A Peace Convention, however, was held at Iowa City, Aug. 24, which adopted resolutions denouncing the war and its further support, and rejecting the equality of the negro with the white man. In Scott County the Republican candidates received a majority of about 1,300 on the home vote, and 1,800 including the soldier vote returned from the front. 186.5. — The Republicans were first in the field, meeting in con- vention at Des Moines, June 14, and nominated a ticket and adopted a platform. Tiie Union Anti-Negro Suffrage Party met at the capital Aug. 23, and nominated a ticket, and adopted a platform in which they resolved to sustain the admistration of An- drew Johnson ; that they were opposed to negro suffrage ; that the soldiers of the late war deserved well of their countrymen, and that 402 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. their sympathies were with them. The Democrats met in convention the same da}', but made no nominations, the party supporting the Soldiers' ticket as it was known. 1S66. — The campaign of 1S66 was fought on the issue of re- con- struction in the Southern States. The Republicans in Convention resolved that the people who subdued the Kebellion and their representatives in Congress had the right to re-organize the States that had been in rebellion. This was denied by some of the Republicans and the entire Democratic party. The conservative Republicans, or those who were opposed to Congressional action, met in convention and nominated a State ticket. The Democratic Convention adopted a platform, nominated two candidates, and re- solved to support the ticket of the Conservatives. The Republican State officers received a majority of about 1,800 in this county. The county ticket nominated by the Republicans had virtually no opposition, save for clerk of the District Court, John Gallaghan be- ing elected over the regular nominee. 1S67. — The general issues dividing parties were the same as in 1866. Conventions were held, platforms adopted and nominations made. The Democracy were generally successful in this county. 1868. — This year brought with it another Presidential campaign. The Republican National Convention met in Chicago and placed in nomination Ulysses S. Grant, the victorious Union genera), associ- ating with him Schulyer Colfax, of Indiana. The Democratic National Convention nominated Horatio Seymour and Francis P. Blair, Jr., for President and Vice-President. The financial question began to.be a leading issue, especially with reference to the pay- ment of the bonds in coin or greenbacks, the Republicans favoring the payment in coin, the Democrats opposing. The latter also by resolution favored the abolition of the national banking system, and the substitution of United States notes for those of National banks. This was opposed by the Republicans. Full State and county tickets were nominated and the largest vote was polled ever cast at any election in the county. The Republicans succeeded in giving each candidate on their ticket a majority. 1869. — A light vote was cast in the county, the Republican candi- dates being successful by an average majority of about 1,000. 1870. — Little interest was manifested in this election, and the Republicans were again successful, the average majority being something over l.fiOO. HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. 403 1871. — Only about a two-thirds vote was cast in this county, the questions at issue not being deemed of sufficient importance to call out the great mass of electors. The majority for the Republican ticket was increased to about 1,200. 1S72.— The movement known as the Liberal Republican had a large influence, politically, this year, having virtually dictated the Democratic nomination for the presidency, and the platform of princi])lcs on which the campaign against the Republican party was dictated. The Liberal Ri'iniblicans were those connected with the Republican party who were opposed to any extreme measures in the reconstruction of the Southern States, and who believed the time had come when past issues should be forgotten, and new issues formed; that the hand of reconciliation should be offered the South, and a united country, working together to build up the waste places of the Soutii. Many of the most able men of the Republican party, including Horace Greeley, Charles Sum- ner, Lvraan Trumbull, John M. Palmer and others, united in this movement. In May a National Convention was held by the Liberal Republicans, in Cincinnati, which nominated Horace Greeley for President, and B. Gratz Brown for Vice-President. The following is a synopsis of the resolutions adopted : 1. Equality of all men before the law ; equal and e.xact justice to all, without regard to race, color or previous condition. 2. ()])position to the re-opening of all questions settled by the Xllltii. XlVtli and XVth amendments to the Constitution. 3. Demand for tlie immediate and absolute removal of all disa- bilities imposed on account of the Rebellion. ■i. Local selfgovernment ; supremacy of the civil over the military ; and demand for the largest individual liberty consistent with public order. 5. Denunciation of the existing system of civil service. 6. Demand for a system of Federal taxation which should not unnecessarily interfere witii the industries of the people; reference of the tarifi to tlic Congressional Districts. 7. Demand for civil service reform, and for the election of President for a single term only. 8. Maintenance of public credit and denunciation of repudia- tion. 9. A speedy return to specie payment. 10. Thanks to the citizen-soldiers and sailors of the Republic. 11. Opposition to further grants to railroads. 404 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 12. Cultivation of friendship with all nations ; regarding alike dishonorable, either to demand what is not right, or submit to what is wrong. The Democracy in convention ratified the nominations of Greeley and Brown, and adopted the platform of the Liberals The Eepublicans renominated President Grant, and associated with him on the ticket Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts, for Vice" President. The disaffection among tiie Democrats in consequence of the nomination of Horace Greeley, a life-long political enemy, was so great that a third ticket was nominated, at the head of which was Charles O'Connor, the distinguislied lawyer of New York. The Democrats and Liberal Republicans met in State Conven- tion and nominated a ticket composed of two Democrats and three Liberal Republicans, and passed a resolution endorsing the nomi- nation of Greeley. In Scott County tlie Liberal Republican ticket was successful by majorities ranging trom 144 to 396. Many of the German Republicans su])ported the Liberal ticket. 1873. — -The question of Capital vs. Labor now engaged the atten. tion of the people. The Republican State Convention met at Des Moines, June 25, and after nominating candidates adopted resolu- tions declaring against monopolies, and urging that the several States should carefully restrict the powers of the railroad com- panies and other monopolies. Class legislation was also de- manded. The Democratic party of the State made no regular nominations this year, but generally supported the Anti-Monopoly ticket. A convention was held at Des Moines, Aug. 12, nominated candidates and adopted resolutions declaring that the old party organizations were no longer useful, denouncing corruption in Gov- ernment affairs, and urging the necessity of political honesty. In this county the Anti-Monopolists were successful, each of their candidates receiving a majority, save for auditor, R. D. Leonard being elected over W. B. Barnes. Philo S. Morton, the Republican candidate for superintendent of public schools, had no opposition, neither had Thomas Murray, on the Anti-Monopoly ticket for surveyor. 1874. — The issues were the same as in the previous year, and in this county the Anti-Monopolists were again successful, Joseph A. Le Claire, for recorder, being the only candidate on the Repub- lican ticket that was elected. 1875. — A convention was called to meet at Des Moines, June 24, composed of Democrats, Anti-Monopolists and Liberal Repub- licans. Assembling, a ticket was nominated headed by Shepherd HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 405 Lefler, for governor, and a platform of principles adopted covering the principal ground of belief of the three elements represented. The Republicans met in convention and nominated S. J. Kirkwood for governor. A Temperance Convention was also held and Rev. John H. Lozier nominated for governor. In Scott County the Temperance ticket was not represented. Harvey Leonard for sheriff, M. J. Rohlfs for treasurer, W. W. Grant for coroner, and Thomas Murray for surveyor, had no opposition. A light vote was cast, the opposition to Republicans having an average major- ity of 1,100. 1876. — The election this year was for national. State and county officers. Rutherford B. Hayes and William A. AVheeler were the Republican candidates for President and Vice-President, while Samuel J. Tilden and Thomas A. Hendricks received the nomina- tion of the Democratic })arty for the same offices. Peter Cooper was the nominee of the Independents or Greenbackers for Presi- dent. The hard times which began in 1S7S had a perceptible effect upon this campaign. The Democratic part}-, which for some years had been acting on the defensive, when not allied to some other political body, now assumed the aggressive, and under the banner of "Tilden aud Reform," forced the Republicans in the defensive. (Jn the part of the Democrats the campaign was boldly conducted, tliough it cannot truthfully be said that Tilden was the choice of the Democracy of the nation, especially of the Western element of the party. In this State the Greenbackers held two conven- tions, at the first of which it adopted a platform containing their principal tenets. The Republicans adopted as a platform substantially the follow- ing points : 1, Unity of the nation; 2, Economy in the adminis- tration of the Government; 3, A currency convertible with coin; 4, All railway and other corporations to be subject to the law- making power. The Democrats adopted but a single resolution approving the platform of the National Democratic Convention and the nominations of Tilden and Hendricks. For Congress Hiram Price was the nominee of the Republicans, and Jeremiah H. Murphy of the Democrats. On the national and State tickets tlie R'^publicaus were successful by large majorities, but on the county ticket and for Congress the majorities were small, save for re- corder, Joseph A. LeClaire receiving a majority of 656. 1S77. — State tickets were nominated by Democrats, Republicans, Greenbackers and Temperance men. In this county the Republi- cans were successful on the State ticket, John H. Gear receiving a 406 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. majority of 1,068 over John P. Irish for governor. The county tickets of the parties were greatly split, Thomas AYinkless, He- publican candidate for auditor, being elected by a majority of 1,-1:65, while Harvey Leonard, Democratic candidate for sheriff, had 50 majority over John M. Lyter. H. L. Birnes, Republican, for coroner, had 937 majority, while C. H. Clemraer, Democrat, for county superintendent, had 192 majority. IS7S. — State tickets were nominated by Greenbackers, Democrats and Republicans. Subsequently a fusion was effected by the Demo, crats and Greenbackers, and a portion of the nominees of each of their State tickets were chosen as the choice of both parties. In Scott County three tickets were placed in the field, the Greenbackers poll- ing for their candidates a respectable vote, the lowest number being 469, and the highest 654. The average majority of the Re- publicans was 1,150. 1879.— The campaign of 1879 was opened May 12 by the Democracy meeting in convention and nominating a State ticket. headed by H. H. Trimble for governor. A lengthy platform was adopted. The Greenbackers were next in the field, their ticket being headed by Daniel Campbell for governor. The Republi- cans met and nominated John II. Gear for governor, togetlier with a full State ticket. Lastly, the Temperance people met and placed in nomination George T. Carpenter, of Mahaska, for governor. Mr. Carpenter declining, D. R. Dungan, of Scott County, was sub- stituted. In this county each party had its ticket. The Temper- ance ticket, headed by Mr. Dungan, received 298 votes. Tlie Re- publicans were successful on all their candidates save sheriff, Harvey Leonard receiving a majority of 196 over John 15. Rouse, while Thomas Winkless, Republican for auditor, had a majority of 1,208 over C. C. Campbell, Democrat. 1880. — The campaign began quite early this year, especially among aspirants for office and their friends. The preliminary can- vass for the nomination grew quite warm, as both the Republicans and Democrats were alike confident they would succeed in the na- tional struggle. James A. Garfield received the Republican nomi- nation for President, and associated with him on the ticket was Chester A. Arthur for Vice-President; Wintield S. Hancock was nominated for President by tlie Democrats, and with him was William H. English for Vice-President; James B. Weaver and Gen. Chambers for President and Vice-President respectively on the National ticket. The canvass was pushed with vigor, the Demo- HISTOKT OF SCOTT COUNTV. 407 cratic and Republican jurties each iisinii^ their utmost endeavors to be successful. The National party, under the lead of Weaver, alst) endeavored to increase its votes, Mr. Weaver making speeches in more than half the States in the Union. The tirst State Con- vention held in Iowa this year was hy the Republicans, at Des Moines, April 7. The platform adopted consisted of three resolu- tions, the tirst demanding that candidates be nominated at Chicago by the National Rejmblican Convention of national reputation for ability; second, that James G. Blaine be the choice of the Repub- licans of the State; and, third, instructing delegates to the National Convention to vote for Blaine. The Greenbackers met at Des Moines, May 11, and adopted a platform reasserting their de- mands for the abolition of the national banks, the reduction of the army, the limitation of Chinese immigration, the reduction of salaries, and the ])ayment of the national debt in greenbacks. The Democrats met at Des Moines, Sept. 2, nominated a ticket, and adopted a platform endorsing Hancock and English, and the Na- tional ]ilatfiirm adopted at Cincinnati. The Greenbackers in this county made no nominations, and the vote polled by the party was much less than in the previous year. Garfield received a majority of 1,728 over Hancock, and 1,-563 over all. 1881. — About a two-thirds vote was cast at this election. L. G. Kinne, Democratic candidate for governor, received a majorit}- of rtyl: over liuren R. Sherman, Republican. Nathaniel Leonard, Democrat, for sheriff, had a majority of 131:, while Thomas Wink- less, Republican, for auditor, had 1,839 over his Democratic opponent. Thomas Murray, for surveyor, was elected without opposition. OFFICIAL VOTE. The following is the official vote of the greater number of officers voted for at each general election since 1842 to the present time : ELECTION, AUGUST, 1843 . Council. R.Christie, whig 284 J. A. Birchard, diem 235 Rcpresentatitie. .1. M. Robertson, whig 267 A. W. Campbell, dem 2.59 Skerif. A. II. Davenport, dem 319 R. Bennett, whig 307 William P. Eldridge, whig. .256 Recorder. .lohn D. Evans, dem... .lames Tlioringlon, whig . . .280 ...340 Commuiiiiner'a Pope, dem Alfred Sanders, whig. . . Clerk . . .282 . . . .236 Aiseasor. Smith, dem . . .259 408 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Coroners. W;L. Cook, dem 362 James McCosh, whig 259 ELECTION, OCT. 3, 1843. Congress. William H. Wallace, whig. .249 Augustus C. Dodge, dem. ...226 Representative. G. C. R. Mitchell, whig 241 James Grant, dem 218 Probate Judge. James Thorington, whig 253 J. D.Evans, dem 209 Assessor. William P. Eldndge, whig.246 Pike, dem 206 Treasu rer. John Evans, whig 320 Green, dem 116 Surveyor. E. K. Gibbon, whig 261 Turner, dem 168 Burnell, whig 27 ELECTION, APRIL, 1844. Against Convention 204 For Convention 143 ELECTION, AUG. 6, 1844. Commissioner. Otho G. McLain, dem 303 John Coleman, whig 248 Commissioner's Clerk. John Pope, dem 272 E. K. Gibbon, whig 271 Recorder. John D. Evans, dem 330 James Thorington, whig 212 Treasurer. A.H. Miller, dem 266 John Evans, whig 234 ELECTION, APRIL 15, 1845. Council. L. Summers, dem 281 Z. Metcali;whig. 201 Uouse. J. M. Robertson, whig 255 E. S. Wing, dem 198 Constitution. Against 291 For 169 ELECTION, AUGUST, 1845. Treasiirer. A. H.Miller 243 JohnEvans 3 61 122 Surveyor. Willard Barrows, dem 215 Jonathaa Parker, whig 201 Assessor, Stephen Henly, dem 231 Samuel Hedges, whig 201 ELECTION, AUGUST, 1846. Representative. E. S. Wing, dem 275 3 Ebenezer Cook, whig 272 Sheriff. A. H. Davenport, dem. . . .338 139 E. A. Rigg, whig 199 Commissioner. C. G. Blood, dem 281 15 A. C. Fulton, whig 266 Recorder. J. D. Evans, dem 341 148 W.S.Collins, whig 193 Treasurer. A. H. Miller, dem 319 90 J. Morton, whig 239 Co7nmissionef's Clerk. J. Pope, dem 305 65 J. Evans, whig 240 Probate Judge. J. Thorington, whig 311 88 C. Weston, dem 223 Coroner. W. L.Cook, dem 296 57 H. S. Finley, whig 236 Constitution. For 396 51 Against 245 ELECTION, OCTOBER, 1846. Governor. Thomas McKniaht, whig. . .337 53 Ansel Briggs, dem 285 Secretary of State. J. H. Cowles, whig 230 35 Elisha Cutler, dem 295 Congress. G.C. R. Mitchell, whisr .327 31 Joseph H. Hedrick, whig. . .3-26 32 S. Lefler, dem 296 S.C.Hastings, dem 294 State Senate. L.Wheeler, whig 331 40 L. Summers, dem 291 Uouse of Representatives. James McManus, whig 332 42 EliS. Wing, dem 390 Clerk »f District Court. James Thorington, whig. . . .351 J. C Belts, dem 201 m '^^ 'rst^ ,.•"■ ■~\ /^ /^ /t^^^ HISTORY OF SOOTT COUNTY. 411 ELECTION, AUG, 1847. Congress. T. McKnight, whig 340 13 8. Lefler, dem ." 327 Sheritr. Harvey Leonard, dem 342 23 R. Christie, rep 320 Recorder. A. H. Miller, dem 330 2 William Inslee, whig 328 Prosecuting Attorney. A. W. McGregor, whig 326 2 V. M. Piror, dem 324 Commissioner's Clerk. John Pope, dem 352 43 R. Ricker, Jr., whig 309 Probate Judge. James Thorlngton, whig 380 93 John Rowzer, dem 287 Surveyor. 6. W. Gale, whig 339 45 W. Barrows, dem 294 ELECTION, AUG., 1848. Congress. Shepherd Lefler, dem. 364" Timoth}- Davis, whig 336 Secretary of State. Josiah Bonny, dem 362 John M. Coleman, whig 327 W.Miller 10 State Treasurer. Morgan Reno, dem 263 Robert Holmes, whig 326 R. Dorland 8 Representative. JohnD. Evans, dem 347 A. C. Pulton, whig 341 Clerk of District Court. James Thorington, whig... .380 John Pope, dem 309 A. Logan 4 Commissioner. E. S. Wing, dem 347 S. Thompson, whig 339 LECTION, NOV., 1848. President. Lewis Cass, dem 366 Zachary Taylor, whig 335 M. Van.Buren, free-soil 30 ELECTION, AUG., 1849. S?uirif. Harvey Leonard, dem 495 261 Enos Tichenor, whip 234 25 Recorder. Hiram Price, dem 463 198 James McManus, whig 269 County Commissioner's Clerk. John Rowser, dem 369 13 William P. Campbell, whig. .356 Surveyor. Willard Barrows, dem 297 57 Jonathan Parker, Ind. whig. .240 Mr. Pinley 178 Prosecuting Attorney. Alex. W. McGregor, whig 366 53 8. R. Miller, dem 313 Coroner. T. V. Blakemore, whig 371 34 William McDade, dem 337 Probate Judge. James Thorington, whig 327 ELECTION, AUG., 18.50. Governor. S. Hempstead, dem 418 67 J. L. Thompson, whig 351 W. P. Clark, free soil 4 Secretary of State. G. AV. McCleary, dem 417 62 Isaac Cook, whig 355 P. Reeser, free-soil 4 State Treasurer. Israel Kester, dem 416 60 Evan Jay, whig 356 Clark Allison, free-soil 4 Consress. Lincoln Clark, dem 406 42 W. H. Henderson, whig 304 George Shedd, free-soil 3 State Senator. W. E. LeflJngwell, dem 404 96 L. Carpenter, whig 308 Representative. Laurel Summers, dem 402 48 A. C. Pulton, whig 364 Clerk District Court. James Thorington, whig 414 65 T. U. Eagal, dem 349 Prosecuting Attorney. A. W. McGregor, whig 306 County Commissioner. J. W.Wiley, dem 410 52 D. B. Shaw, whig 3.58 ELECTION, AUG., 1851. County Judge. William Burris, Whig 508 IM CO. Blood, dem 342 412 HISTORY OF SCOrr COUKTS-. Supervitor. J. A. Birchard, dem S. Thompson Sheriff. Harvey Leonard, dem.. . • J. Pechtel Surreyor. Willard Barrows, dem. . . James Porter, whig Coroner. J. Carney, dem ■•• T V. Blakemore, -whig.. Recorder. Hiram Price, dem ELECTION, AUG., 1852 Secretary of State G W. McCleary, dem J. W.Jenkins, whig .State Auditor. William Pattee. dem A. B. Porter. Whig SKite Treasurer. M. L. Morris, dem H. B. Horn, whig Congress. John P. Cook, whig Lincoln Clark, dem State Senator. E. S. Wing, dem George Smith, whig Clerk DMrict Court James Thorington, whig T. D. Eagal, dem Prosecuting Attorney .458 .423 .531 .371 .475 447 ,418 ,560 614 417 608 .409 .609 .421 .535 .502 .544 .482 559 471 35 160 87 39' 197 199 188 .663 .368 33 62 88 295 J F. Dillon, dem . •• A. W. McGregor, whig.. ELECTION, NOV., 1852. President. Franklin Pierce, dem Wl 124 Winfleld Scott, whig. ^l John P. Hale, free.soil Hi- Coroner. L. B. CoUamer, tem 883 James Karney, dem oil ELECTION, AUG., 1854. Governor. J. W. Grimes, whig 773 Curtis Bates, dem o^^ Attorney General. J. W. Sennett, whig '][35 D. E. Claud, dem "1" Congress. James Thorington, whig 730 S. Hempstead, dem '^4 State Senator. A. C. Fulton, whig 834 J. A. Birchard, dem 453 Clerk of District Court. J. D. Fatten, whig 706 C. G. Blood, dem T. V. Blakemore Prosecuting Attorney. H. G. Earner, whig 851 375 A. Davison, dem *'** ELECTION, AUG., 1855. County Judge William L. Cook, dem William Burris, tem Sheriff. Harvey Leonard, dem L. J. Center, tem Recorder. James McCosh, tem 986 William Gray, dem 4D.i 190 115 196 381 213 493 132 952 1054 869 16 185 Surveyor. William P- Campbell, tem Henry Lambach, dem Coroner. C^TUS Fisk, dem ^76 ■V^ill am Crosson, tem. . .996 .938 .959 58 17 .997 ..576 121 ELECTION, AUG., 1853. S?ierif. Harvev Leonard, dem. ... D. C. Eldridge, whig Surveyor. Jonathan Parker "^° Samuel Perrin ^*^ Willard Bairows -si-^ Recorder. Hiram Price, tem 859 448 Robert Christie '^^ .628 ELECTION, OCT., 1858. Secretary of State. .2067 .1343 .2048 Elijah Sells, rep.. Samuel Douglas, dem... Congress. William Vandever, rep . William E. Leffingwell, dem.. 1363 Clerk of District Court. IraM.Gifford.rep... 2057 Joseph A. Crandall, dem 13o8 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 413 ELECTION, OCT. 11, IS-W. Ooternor. Samuel G. Kirkwooil, rep 2208 583 Augustus C. Dodge 1625 Lieut.-Governor. N. J. Rusch, rep 2085 468 L. W. Babbitt, dem 1617 State Senator. J. W. TDompson, rep 2129 444 Edwin Smitli, dem 1685 County Judge. K. Linderman, rep 2187 556 Charles Weston, dem 1631 .'Sheriff. James Thorington, rep 1051 93 Harvey Leonard, dem 1858 Recorder. James McCosh 2368 957 William Van Tuyl 1411 County Superintendent. Thomas J. Saunders, rep 2137 462 Joshua Dial, dem 1675 Surveyor. W. P. Campbell, rep 2212 617 J. T. Ilogam, dem 1593 Coroner. J.W. H. Baker, rep 2204 592 A. S. Maxwell, dem 1612 ELECTION, OCT., 1861. Governor. Samuel J. Kirkwood, rep.... 1785 881 William H. Merritt, dem 1504 Ben. >I. Samuels, 187 Lieut.-Governor. John K. Needham, rep 1852 396 Lauren Dewey, dem 1456 State Senator. Benjamin F. Gue, rep 2333 364 John B. Leake, dem 1969 Hiram Wheeler 1046 George S. C. Dow 839 J. W.' Clark 247 OcHiity Judge. Rufiis Linderman rep 1863 795 John W. Van Hosen, dem 1068 SiiMiuel B. Wyman, ,503 Sheriff. James Thorington, rep 1817 207 Harvey Leonard, dem 1640 Trea»u.rer and Recorder. A. F. Ma.st, dem 1846 233 James .McCosh, rep 1613 County Superintendent. Dudley L Gorton, rep 1867 235 Joshua Dial, dem 1682 Surveyor. William P. Campbell, rep.. .3279 3277 Scattering 2 Coroner. J. J. Tomson, rep ] 855 208 Jared C. Parker, dem 1647 ELECTION, OCT., 1862. Secretary of State. James Wright, rep 1980 802 R. H. Sylvester, dem 1178 State Auditor. Jonathan W. Cattell, rep 1978 798 John Browne, dem 1180 Gongrexs. Hiram Price, rep 1991 834 Edward H. Thayer, dem 11.57 District Aitornty. Lyman A. Ellis, rep 1981 804 Ciiarles M. Dunbar, dem 1177 State Senator. Thomas J. Saunders, rep 1957 Thos. J. Saunders, (sold's vote) 217 David Higgins, dem 1197 David Higgins, (sold's vote). . 17 Clerk of District Court. Ira M.Giflrord,rep 19a5 Ira M. Gilford, (soldiers' vote). 327 Reimer Soehrtn, dem 1167 R. Sochren, (soldiers' vote). . 87 ELECTION, OCT., 1863. Governor. William M. Stone, rep 2613 James M. Tuttle, dem 1315 County Judge. Rufus Linderman, rep 2632 T. D. Eagal, dem 1300 Sheriff. John M. Lyter, rep 2583 Harvey Leonard, dem 1349 Treasurer and Recorder. John Collins, rep 2572 A. F. Mast, dem 1352 Coroner. J. J . Tomson, rep 2625 W. W. Parker, dem 1302 County Superintendent. Dudley L. Gorton, rep 2609 William Gurdst, dem 1317 ELECTION, NOV., 1864. PTe.^^-^ T^^^nc^^ c.^,>^ HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. COrNTT JUDGE. 429 William Burris, 1S51. William L. Cook, 1855. Charles Weston, 1>^57. R. Linderinan, 1859. T. D. Eagal, 1867. SURVEYOR. E. K. Gibbon, 1843. Willard Barrows, 1845. G. W. Sale, 1847. Willard Barrows. 1849. Jonathan Parker, 1853. William P. Campbell, 1855. Thomas Murray, 1867. PROSECUTING ATTORNEY. A. W»McGre,^or, 1847. James F. Dillon, 1852. H. G. Barner, 1854. Lyman A. Ellis, 18t;2. 'r^m 26 CHAPTER IX. THE WAR FOR THE UNION. The institution of .slavery was always a source of trouble be- tween tlie free and slave-holding States. The latter were always troubled with the thought that the former would encroach ujion their rights, and nothing could be done to shake this belief. Compromise measures were adopted from time to time to settle the vexed question of slavery, but the fears of the slaveholders were onlj' allayed for a short time. Threats of secession were often made by the slave-holding States, but as some measures of a con- ciliatory character were passed, no attempt was made to carry their threats into execution. Finally came the repeal of the Missouri Compromise and the adoption of a measure known as the Kansas- Nebraska bill. This bill opened certain territory to slavery which under the former act was forever to be free. About the time of the passage of this act, the AVhig j^arty was in a state of dissolution, and the great body of that party, together with cer- tain Democrats who were opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska bill, united, thus forming a new party to which was given the name of Republican, having for its object the prevention of the further extension of slavery. The people of the South imagined they saw in this new party not only an organized eftort to prevent the extension of slavery, but one that would eventually be used to destroy slavery in those States in which it already existed. In 1860 four Presidential tickets were in the field. Abraham Lincoln was the candidate of the Republicans, Stephen A. Douglas of the National Democrat, John C. Breckenridge of the Pro- Slavery interests, and John Bell of the Union. The Union party was composed principally of those who had previoush- affiliated with the American or Know-Nothing party. Early in the eam- paio"n there were threats of secession and disunion in case of the election of Abraham Lincoln, but the people were so accustomed to Southern bravado that little heed was given to the bluster. On the 20th of December, 1860, South Carolina, by a conven- tion of delegates, declared ''That the Union now existing between South Carolina and the other States of North America is dis- (430) HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 431 solved, and that tlie State of South Carolina has resumed her position among the Xations of tlie earth as a free, sovereign and independent State, with full power to levy war and conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and do all other acts and tilings which independent States may of right do." On the 2-ith, Governor Pickens issued a proclamation declaring that" South Carolina is, and has a right to be, a free and indepen- dent State, and as such has a right to levy war, conclude peace, negotiate treaties, leagues and covenants, and do all acts what- ever that rightfully appertain to a free and independent State." On the 26th, Major Anderson evacuated Fort Moultrie and oc- cupied Fort Sumter. Two days previously he wrote President Buchanan's Secretary' of War, John B. Floyd, as follows : ""When I inform you that my garrison consists of only 60 effective men ; and that we are in very indiflerent works, the walls of which are only 14 feet high ; and that we have within 160 yards of our walls ; sand hills which command our works, and which attord admirable sites for batteries and the finest coverts for sharpshooters ; and that besides this there are numerous houses, some of them within pistol shot, you will at once see that, if at- tacked in force, headed by any one but a simpleton, there is scared}^ a possibility of our being able to hold out long enough for our friends to come to our succor." Plis appeals for re-inforce- ment were seconded by Gen. Scott, but unheeded by President Buchanan, and entirely ignored by John B. Floyd, Secretary of War. On the 2Sth, South Carolina troops occupied Fort Moultrie and Castle Pinckney, and hoisted the Palmetto flag on the ramparts. On the 29th, John B. Floyd resigned his place in Buchanan's Cabinet, charging that the President, in refusing to remove Major Anderson from Ciiarleston Harbor, designed to plunge the country into civil war, and added: " I cannot consent to be the agent of such a ca. lamity." On the same day the South Carolina Commissioners ])re- sented their official credentials at Washington, which, on the next day, were declined. On the second day of January, 1S61, Georgia declared for seces- sion, and Georgia troops took possession of the United States ar- senal in Augusta and Forts Pulaski and Jackson. Governor Ellis, of North Carolina, seized the forts at Beaufort and Wilmington and the arsenal at Fayetteville. On the evening of the -ith, the Ala- bama and Mississippi delegations in Congress telegraphed the con- 432 HISTORY OF SCOTT COrNTY. ventions of their respective States to secede, telling them there was no prospect of a satisfactory adjustment. On the 7th, the conven- tions of Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee met in secession con- clave. On the 9th, Secretary Thompson resigned his seat in the Cabinet on the ground that, contrary to promises, troops had been sent to Major Anderson. On the 9th, the '' Star of the "West," car- r^'ing supplies and reinforcements to Major Anderson, was tired into from Morris Island, and turned homeward, leaving Fort Sum- ter and its gallant little band to the mercy of the rebels. On the same day, the ordinance of secession passed the Mississippi Con- vention. Florida adopted an ordinance of secession on the 10th and Alabama on the 11th. The same day (the lltli") Thomas, Sec- retary of the Treasury, resigned, and the rebels seized the arsenal at Baton Rouge, and Forts Jackson and St. Philip, at the mouth of the Mississippi River, and Fort Pike, at the Lake Pontchartrain entrance. Pensacola navy yard and Fort Barrancas were surren- dered to rebel troops by Colonel Armstrong on the 13th. Lieuten- ant Slemraer, who had withdrawn his command from Fort McRae to Fort Pickens, detied Armstrong's orders, and announced his in- tention to "hold the fort" at all hazards. The Georgia Conven- tion adopted an ordinance of secession on the 19th. On the 20th, Lieutenant Slemmer was beseiged bj' a thousand " allied troops" at Fort Pickens. Louisiana adopted an ordinance of secession on the 25th. On the 1st of February the rebels seized the United States mint and custom house at New Orleans. Tlie Peace Conven- tion assembled at Washington on the 4th, but adjourned without doing anything to quiet the disturbed elements. On the 9th, a provisional constitution was adopted at Montgomery, Alabama, it being the Constitution of the United States '• reconstructed " to suit their purpose. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, was chosen President, and Alexander H. Stevens, of Georgia, Vice-President of the "Confederate States of North America." Jeff. Davis was inaugurated on the 18th, and on the 25th it was learned that Gen- eral Twiggs, commanding the Dc]>artment of Texas, had basely betrayed his trust, and that he had surrendered all the military posts, munitions and arms to the authorities of Texas. Mr. Lincoln was inaugurated March 4, 1S»31, in front of the cap- itol, the inauguration ceremonies being witnessed hj a vast con- course of people. Before taking the oath, Mr. Lincoln pronounced in a clear, ringing voice, his inaugural address, to hear which there was an almost painful solicitude, to read which the whole Ameri- HISTORY OF SOOTT COUNTY. 433 can people and the civilized world awaited with irrepressible anx- iety. With that address and the administration ot the oath of office, the people were assured. All doubt, if any had previously existed, was ronioved. In the hands of Abraham Lincoln, the people's President, and iiimselt of the people, the Government was safe. Traitors were still busy plotting and ])lanning. Troops were mustering in all the seceded States. On Friday, April 12, the sur- render of Fort Sumter, with its garrison of 60 eftective men, was demanded and bravely refused by the gallant Major Anderson. Fire was at once opened upon the helpless garrison b}' the rebel forces, numbered by thousands. Resistance was useless, and at last the national colors were hauled down, and by traitor hands were trailed in the dust. On Sunday morning, the lith. the news of the surrender was received in all the principal cities of the Union. That was all. but that was enough. A day later, when the news was confirmed and spread througli the country, the patri- otic peojjleof the Xoith were startled frnm their dreams of the fut- ure — from undertakings half completed — and made to realize that behind tliat mob there was a dark, deep, and well-organized pur- pose to destroy the Government, rend the Union in twain, and out of its ruins erect a slave oligarchy, wherein no one would dare question their right to hold in bondage the sons and daughters of men whose skins were black. Their dreams of the future — their plans for the establishment of an independent confederacy — were doomed from their inception to sad and bitter disappointment. Everywhere north of Mason and Dixon's line the voice of Provi- dence was heard : Draw forth your million blades as one ; Complete the battle now begun ! God lights with ye, and overhead Floats the dear banner of your dead. They and the glories of the past, The future, dawning dim and vast, And all the holiest hopes of man. Are beaming triumphant in your van. Slow to resoWe, be swift to do I Teach ye the False how fight the True! How buckled Perfidy shall feel In her black heart the Patriot's steel ; How sure the bolt that .Justice wings; How weak the arm a traitor brings; How mighty they who steadfast stand For Freedom's flag and Freedom's land. 434 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. On Monday, April 15, President Lincoln issued the followingr proclamation : " Whereas, The laws of the United States have been for some time past, and are now, opposed, and the execution thereof ob- structed, ill the States of South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Mis- sissippi, Louisiana, and Texas, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals; now, therefore, I, Abraham Lin- coln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitution and the laws, have thought to call forth, and hereby do call forth, the militia of the several States of the Union, to the number of 75,000, in order to suppress said combi- nations, and to cause the laws to be duly executed. " The details for this subject will be immediately communicated to the State authorities through the War Department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to favor, facilitate, and to aid this effort to maintain the honor, the integrity, and existence of our National Union, and the perpetuity of popular government, and to redress wrongs already long endured. I deem it proper to say that the first services assigned to the forces hereby called forth will proba- bly be to repossess the forts, places and property which have been seized from the Union; and in every event the utmost care will be observed, consistently with the objects aforesaid, to avoid any dev- astation, any destruction of ^r interference with propert}', or any disturbance of peaceful citizens in any part of the country; and I hereby command the persons coniposing the combinations afore- said, to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes, within 20 days from this date. "Deeming that the present condition of public affairs presents an extraordinary occasion, I do hereby, in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitution, convene both Houses of Congress. The Senators and Hepresentatives are, therefore, summoned to as" semble at their respective chambers at 12 o'clock, noon, on Thurs- day, the fourth day of July next, then and there to consider and determine such measures as in their wisdom the public safet}' and interest may seem to demand. " In witness thereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. " Done at the city of Washington, the fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the independence of the United States the eighty-fifth. " By the President : Abraham Lincoln. " Wm, H. Sewakd, Secretary of State." HISTOKY OF SCOTT COCNTY. 435 The last word of this proclamation had scarcely been taken from the electric wire before the call was tilled. Men and money were counted out by hundreds and thousands. Tiie people who loved their whole country could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, the bench, the college, the school-house — every calling offered its best men, their lives and fortunes, in defense of the Government's honor and unity. Party lines were for a time ignored. Bitter words, spoken in moments of political heat, were forgotten and forgiven, and, joining hands in a common cause, they repeated the oath of America's soldier states- men : '■'By the Great Eternal, the Union raust and nhali he pre served!" Sevent\'-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the Re- bellion. Nor were 10 times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it seemed as if there were not men in all the free States to crush out the Rebellion. But to every call for either men or money there was a- willing and a ready response. The gauntlet thrown down by the traitors of the South was ac- cepted; not, however, in the spirit which insolence meets insolence, but with a tirm, determined spirit of patriotism and love of coun- try. The duty of the President was plain under the Constitution and laws, and, above and beyond all, the people, from whom all political power is derived, demanded the suppression of the Rebell- ion, and stood ready to sustain the authority of their representative #nd executive officers to the utmost extremity. The news of the surrender of Fort Sumter was received in Dav- enport on Monday, April 10, causing the most intense excitement. The Gazette and Democrat united in issuing an "extra" giving an account of the aff^tir. A great crowd gathered in front of the Gazette office and impatiently awaited the publication, while tHfe steamer, " W. L. Ewing," laid nearly two hours at the wharf awaiting the issue before proceeding on her trip. A public meeting was called for Le Claire Hall Tuesday evening, and a most enthusiastic crowd as- sembled in pursuance of the call, tilling the hall to overflowing. Daring the whole meeting, which continued until a late hour, the feeling was one of irrepressible enthusiasm. The speakers were Attorney General Nourse, of Des Moines; Gov, Kirk wood, Hon. William Vandever, Hon. James J. Lindley, Hon. Jacob Butler, Judge Booth, Judge Dillon, Dr. Keith and Rev. Mr. Collier. Mayor French was chairman of the meeting and Add. II. Sanders and D. N. Richardson, secretaries. 436 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Gov. Kirkwood said that he had been called out of a sick bed at home by a messenger, who said that dispatches were awaiting him from the President. He could not find them in Iowa City, and thinking that they might ha%'e been received in Davenport and for- warded to Des Moines, he came here to find out so as to lose no time, knowing that the people were eager to have him do his duty. He said that he would not call together the Legislature as it would in- volve great expense and considerable delay, and he thought he could get along without them. At all events be would take the responsibility of trying. The enlistment and starting away of the regiment would probably involve about $10,000 expense, but he would raise this sum, and at once, if he had to pledge every dollar ot his own property. He would see that the expenses were paid till the regiment was handed over to the Government. John Collins, fl. Ranning, D. E. True, William T. Clark and John M. Rogers were appointed a committee on resolutions and reported the following: " Resolved., That in the existing state of things in our country, in which the citizens of a section have arrayed themselves in open and armed rebellion against the Fedei-al Government, every true lover of his country is imperatively called upon to rally around the standard of the Union, and to do all that in him lies to maintain its just authority against the assaults of treason from whatever quarter. ^' Resolved.^ That we, the citizens of Davenport, gratefully ac- knowledging our indebtedness to the union of these States for what'# ever we, in common with our fellow countrvmen, possess, if honor abroad is prosperity at home, do hereby pledge to that union in this its hour of peril and disaster, our steadfast and unalterable loyalty and support. " Resolved, That as the maintenance of law is the prime object and first duty of every government, we will to the utmost of our abil- ity sustain the eflbrts of the Federal administration to enforce the laws of the land, and to put down resistence to the same; and that we will indignantl}' frown upon any attempt to throw obstacles in its path, or to detract from its just authority from whatever source arising." Scott County was represented in almost every regiment from the State that went into the service. In this connection is compiled from the Adjutant-General's report a list of men from this county, and when ]3ossible short sketches of the various regiments. The record is an honorable one. 1 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 437 FIRST INFANTRY. Tlie first regiment in which Scott Comity was represented was the First Iowa Infantry. Company G was composed entirely of men from this county. The following comprises the list of men from the county: (Quartermaster. Theodore Guelick. Co. G.— Captain. August Wentz. Lieiitennnt). Theodore Gu»lich. Johannes Ahlefeldt. Sergeants. Ernest Clausson. Louis Schoen. Frank Ditman. Charles H. Stuehmer. Corporals. William S. McKenzie. Gustav A. Koch. Glaus Rohwer. •John F. Doerscher. Muncians. Theodore Rutenbeck. August Anzorge. Priv'te.i. Arp, Ernest Averbeck. Henrich Asbalir, Hans. Altman, Charles Benedix, Christian Baasch, Henrich W. Becker, Pete Bramuier, Hans. I. Brammer, Dclter I, Barche, Christian Caldwell, James B. Dose, Fritz Drcskey, William V. Eajgers, Johannes Einteldt, Peter Eoderle, Anton I. Enderle, Joseph I. Fellentrcter, Andrew Fridholdt, Frilrich Feistkorn, Charles Fey, Chris^tian Fescher, Julius F. Gradest, George Giescke, August Iless, Fritz Heilmeulberg, Heinr Hansen, Johannes Jurgensen, Seivert Karstens, Henrich Keil, William Kohlbry, August ICortum, Christian Kellmen, Alexander Koch, Ferdinand W. Kreiliaum, Fritz IjUthen, Johann I^itze, Marx Massow, Henrich Magnus, Emil Matthes, Carl Meisner, Ormilius MurKach. Johann I. Mattheisen, Jeno Moeller.Claus H. Neire, Aucust Nissen, Edward Nehm, Hans Juazen Niemann, Heinrich Paulsen, ClausF. Platr, Jacob Prieu, Fred I. Pahl, Henry Peters, Johann H. Popp, Johann H. Petersen, Chris. I. Petersen, Fritz I. Petersen, Johann I. Rheinhardt, Bernard Roddewigg. Fried Rosbure Heirich Rhan, Hans. Reimers. Hans. Rohde, Henrich Rohlf, Ausust Schlunz. Hans. Selken, Henry Seivers, Heniich Spohr, William H. Sloltenberg, Heinr Hehroepfer, Yast Sickle, Carl Schuepel, Louis Sloanaker, Theodore SteSen, August Stitsser. Franz Tank, Juergen Timm, August Tadewald,''Conrad Voss, Hans. 1. Voss, Christian I. Wright, Heinrich Wegner, Friedriech Company H of the First Regiment also contained one man from Scott County, John Hoffman. This regiment was enlisted for three months and was mustered in under tlie first call of the President. It participated in the battle of Wilson's Creek, Aug. 10, 1861, and lost a number of killed and wounded. It was mustered out of service Aug. 25, 1861, at St. Louis, having served from May 1-i, 1S61. SECOND INFANTRY. Scott County was well represented in the Second Iowa Infantry, which was inustered into service for three years, or during the war. The following comprises, the names of those from Scott County: 438 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Sergeant Major. AVilliam Campbell. Corn. Stryearit. John M. Jones. Drum Major. Jules Meredith. Co. B.— Captain. Kobert M. Littler. Lieutenants. John G. Huntington, John Flanagan. Sergeants. Samuel H. Foster, Frank M. Suiter, Oliver C. Lewis, Peter H. Riley, William Moriow, Bryan Farrell, Willisim Johnson, Victor M. Bartell, Austin F. Stonebraker, Robert E. Farr. Corporals. Benjamin F.Franks, William Morrow, Albert Barnes, Peter Riley, William 'SI. Johnson, Charles W. Hines, William M. Dalzell, Robert M. Lytle, William C. Russell, Peter Heckeit, William Farnesworth, Garfield S. Page, George Mennig, Abraham H.Clark, John S. Patton, Andrew W. Nichols, Robert E. Farr, Fred Bartlet. Pricates. Atwood, George W. Burley, James Barlet, Fredrick Buckw alter, James Barnes, Albert A. Bertschie, Jacob Chase, Milton B. Condron, David S. Cooper, John K. Cowggill, James Calvert, John Clossin, Samuel Dodd, William R. Dike, Orris E. Dodds Robert S. Dennis, Rtdford Foley Timothy Flavell, Roliert H. Guthrie, William Gray, Frank M. Hutf, A. D. Hassler, James B. Hammaker, David S. Hammaker, Morris Humphreysville, William Hecker. Peter Hammond, David L. Jones, James M. Johnson, William M. Keliey, Benjamine Patton Kessler, Frank Kennedy, Edward Lytle. Robert M. Linden John Marple, John H. Miclot, Dominie Minnig, George McCool, John Murphy, Jeremiali Miller. William H. Miller, James W. McDuti", Frank Morrow, Thomas McCrellas, John McCrellas, William McCutcheu, John Niles, Samuel L. Norris. George Pace, John Page, S. Garfield Page, James W. QiiTuD, A. Jackson Read, Edward Smith Rosen berry, George Spencer, George K. Stonebraker, A. F. Stone, Elijah Scott, John P. Spencer, Stephen H. Smith, William L. Scott. David Smith, A. McCoy Smith, Martin Scott, George W. Tracv, James H. Talniage Orlando R. Todd, Samuel Thomson, Mos°s Thomson, Mark L. Wallace, Thomas J. Weary, Jacob. Whitman, George R. Whitney, Lymaa White, Levi Worih, Lionel A. Williams. James Sours, William Additional Enlistments. Babe, William Crummer, Julius Curry, Abner Davis, Joseph H. Davis, George H. Draucker, Arthur Eckenroad, Silas Hough, Albert Greyon, William H. Howe, Z. H. Harden, H. Halcman, Joseph Keliey, Thomas G. Mille*-, James E. Morgan, E. P. Pender, Jame^ Pest, Henry H. Park, H. B. Parkenson, George Russell, William C Razey, Joseph W. Rools, John Scott, Albert W. Stephen", William H. Stark, W. G. White, Benjamin F. Wilson, John W. Clark, A. N. Forgner, W. H. Draucker, H. Klint, Clause Nichols, Isaac C. Luse. Clark J. Punp, Frederick Co. C. — Captains. J. DeWilt Brewster, Jonathan S. Slaymaker, William F. Holmes. Lieutenants- Jonathans. Slaymaker William F. Holmes, George F. Hall, William Holmes, George F. Hall, Henry C McNeil. Sergeants.. The:)dore Maitheny, George F. Hall, Loren W. Pierce, Henry C. McNeil, Jacob Spe(d, Jr. Henry Doolittle, Wm. G. J. Piepgrass, William M. Campbell, George S. Burchill. N. A. Hakleman, Corporals. William M. Campbell, Wm. G. J. Piepgrass, George S. Burchill, James C. Uric, William P Wade, Henry B. Doolittle, Martin L. Minor, Edward Humphrey, David J. Brown, James Perry, HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 439 John T. Bell, Chiirk's E. Curi-i^D, Garius Piogioy, Richard Gtar. Musician. Timolhy Cannon, Wagoner. Samuel F. Uowdrey. Privates. Ackerman, Edwin C. Ackerman, James 11. Austin, Henry M. Beck, diaries F. Blunt, .John "W. Brattaiu, Thomas Briggs, Cyrus I. Bartleson, Henry C. Blacchard, John W. Chapman, A. H. Dramer, Henry Durrau, Charles E. Conaldson, Orlando Cayton, George B. Downs John W. Earhart. Hiram P. Fisken, William K. Fleury, Charles Greenawalt, Jolm G. Geir, Richard Gray, William S. Hi'dreth, George H. Hildreth, Chares W. Harvey, T. M. D. Howell, George W. Hutchinson, William Haldeuian, Newton A. Hottel, Enos Herbert, Frederick Hooghkerk, Adam E. Hinger, liurtus Johnson, Thomas L. Krummel, Chris G. Lamond , Truman Matliews, John W. Miller, John T. Morrison, James W. Moulton, Charles N. Minor, ^r«rtin L. Knapp, Edward Smith, Henry Mazill, AVilliam H. Mills, Alanson Mansell, James C. Orrill, Joseph G. Perry, James Piersol, Samuel Peterson, Edward Rogers, Charles D Ross, Andrew J. Rowan, Charles G. Schoonmaker, Edward Smith, George A. Shaw, Samuel Spelletich, Stephen Tyler, George Henry Urie, James C. Vanduseu Jacob Wade, William P. Watson, John H. Wheeler, Henry C. Company A contained Arnold J. Sender and John A. Green. SECOND VETERAN INFANTRY. Adjutant. Albert A. Barnes. Co. B. — Captain. Albert A. Barnes. Lieutenant. f eter H. Heckert. .Sergeants. Joseph H. Davig, Adolph Steinmitz, Henry II. Port, John McCool. Corporalt. Andrew M. Smith, George H. Davis. Mus'cian. William Babe. Prirdtfs Ackerman, Harlow Ackerman. Edwin C. Ames, William Ruins Clossip, Samuel C. Crummer, Julius Donehue, Michael Echenroad, Silas Green, John A, Hammond, S. David H.irdiii. Hendman Klendt. Claus Luder, Arnold J. Lawther, Alexander McCiuchin, John Miller, James E. Miller, Charles B. N orris, George Parkinson, George Pump, Frederick Rollo, John liozey, Joseph W. Ri'zey, Henry Scott, AlbertW. Scott, John P. Stark, William G. Todd, Samuel Todd, Georire Wilson. Henry P. Wall, Jacob J. Westly, John Willey, Elbert F. Co. C. — Captain. William G. J. Piepgrass. Sergeant. Charles Fleury. Corporals. James Cunningham, Richard Gear. Musician. Cl\arle8 D. Rogers. Privates. Burns, Patrick Cook. John F. Campbell. William Currau, Chailes E. Drummond. Robert Donaldson, James R. Durham, George H. Drummond, William Hutchinson, William McCoy, .lames Smith, Henry Mills, Alanson ]n Company II were privates Upton 13. Edwards, Benjamin Edwards and Albert Polley. In Company K were privates Fin- ley il. Armstrong, CTec)rge W. Cornelius and Haviland Stewart. Tlie following jiromotions were made of men from this county: "William Campbell, from Sergeant Major to Adjutant; Robert M. Littler, from Captain to Major, and Brevet Lieut. -Col. ; Frank M. uo HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. Suiter, from Sergeant to 2d and 1st Lieut., and Captain; Oliver C. Lewis, from Sergeant to 2d and 1st Lieut., Ca))tain and Major; Peter H. Rilej', from Sergeant to 2d Lieut.; John S. Slaymaker' from 1st Lieut, to Captain; William F.Holmes, from 2d to 1st Lieut, and Captain; Alfred Bing, from private to 2d and 1st Lieut. ; George F. Hall, from Sergeant to 2d and 1st Lieut. ; Henry C. Mc Neil, from Sergeant to 2d Lieut.; Albert A. Barnes, from Sergeant to 1st Lieut. ; Peter Hickert, from Sergeant to 2d Lieut, and Cap- tain; William G. J. Piepgrass from Sergeant to Captain. The officers and men of this regiment that did not re-enlist as veterans were mustered out in April, May and June, lS6i. The regiment was in many of the hard-fought battles of the war and reflected honor upon otficers and men and the State which they represented. EIGHTH INFANTRY. Scott County was represented in this regiment by men in several of its companies as will be seen by reference to the following names : Ghnplninii. Cyrus G. Van Der Veer, William Paston. Commissary Sergeant. Francis E. Yearick. Co. A. — Privates. Alger, Delos Ballard, William P. Davison, Charles P. Goodwill, Elsbree jNI. Boyd, Fletcher C. Co. B. — Captain. Frank A. Cleveland. Lieutenants. Miles P. Benton, Enos Tichenor, .Jr. Sergeants. Edward Youog, John D. Tichenor, William McMoth, James Moore, B. Franklin Craig. Corporals. Francis Le Claire, Nelson J. Gardner, John S. Christian, Thomas H. Holmes, Fred P. Itellnering William J. Chriswell William W. Black, Henry P. Cambridge, James W. Thorn, Josephus Waggoner. Musicians. Walter E. Rust, Wm. Hazleton. Privates. Adams, John P. """^Bailey, William Black, William W. Damon, Riley, Donahue, James Fluke. Orlando R. Fuller, David S. Gallatine, Richard L. Goulder, William H. Hale, John P. Heckman, Samuel Hoge, John M. Howell, William Hender, Mathew Hodge, Milton Jones, Griffith Kendall, Waller King, John Lacy, George E. Lariie, Alfred Logan, Joseph T. Logan, William C. Mc Culloch, Luther J. Page, John Q Peasley, Francis Platts, William Purcell, John Newton Quinn, Christopher Roger, John C. Robinson, Charles M. Rowan, John A. Sauerman, Henry Tompson, James E. Wagoner, Josephus Whitsell, John Recrnits to Co. B. Ackerman, Charles Boyenes, Boge Claussen, Henrich Feldpausch, Gabrel Graver, George Grimm, Fritz Jackson, Andrew Kauth, Blasins Kester, Wilhelm Lewellen, Bennett Laycock, Joseph Moeller, Edward Muhl, Christian Matzen, Nicholas Stetel, John Stuhr, Johans HISTORY OF SCOTT COUXTY. 441 Vet e rang — Captain. James Moore. Lieutenant. Frederick P. Kettenring. Sergemt. James N. Gardner. Corporals. Orlaodo Fluke, Amos Merritt, Thomas Harris. Privates. Adams, John P. Belenberg, Charles Donahue, James Gallatin, Richard L. Goulder, William Gutbrode, Simon Heckman, Samuel Hender, Mathew Heak, Ferdinand VETERAN INFANTRY. Larue, Alfred Lemberg, Christian ilanhoven, Pierre Platls. William Kust, Walter E. Sauerraan, Henry Steober, Joseph Thede, John Taylor, Samuel Witte, Charles Weir, John C'l. C. — Privates. Hulsiffer, Norman Roberts, John D. Veterans. Chanej', Henry Fluke, OrvilleS. Moore, Griffin Nicherson, Richard N. Spier, James Kelley, Joseph S. Co. F. Linton, A. -Miller, John Kelley, John Co. O. Boyer, Frank M. McKinse}', Alonzo Wilson, Thomas Fisher, John K. KJrkpatrick, John A. Co. I. Record, Waller H. Kelly, Michael J. Mulligan James O'Riley, James Shee, Michael Wallace, Harvey Wilson, George The following named were promoted : Niles P. Benton, from First Lient. to Captain; James Moore, from Sergeant to First Lieut, and Captain; Fred P. Kettenring, from Sergeant to Second and First Lieut., Captain, and Brevet Major U. S. Vol.; James N. Gardner, from Sergeant to First Lieut, and Brevet Captain. The Eighth Iowa Infantry was mustered into the service Sept 2.3, I'^fU. It was soon sent to the front, and took part in severa engagements during its first year of service. From the report of Col. Geddes of the part of the regiment in the battle of Shiloh the following is taken : " About eight o'clock'on the morning of the 6th, I ordered the regiment under arras, and formed line of battle in front. At this time the tiring on our advance line had become general, and it ap- peared to me evident that we were being attacked in torce by the rebel general. After remaining under arms for about half an hour, during which time I had ordered the baggage belonging to the regiment to be loaded on the wagons, and an extra supply of ammunition be issued to the men, I was ordered by Col. Sweeney 52d Illinois Brigade Commander, to proceed to the front. "On arriving at our advance line, I was ordered by Col. Sweeney to take my position on the left of the brigade to which I was attached, for the purpose of protecting a battery immediately in front. Here the regiment remained about one hour, exposed to a severe tire from artillery of shell and grape, killing and wounding several of my men. About 11 o'clock A. M., I was ordered by Col. Sweeney, 442 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COCXTT. tln'ougli his aid, Lieut. McCuUougli, of the Sth Iowa, to leave my position and take ground on my left and front. This change of position brought my regiment on the extreme right of Gen. Pren- tiss's division, and left of Gen. Smith s, the latter being the division to ■which my regiment belonged. I was thus entirely detached from my brigade; nor did I receive any order from my brigade or division commander during the remainder of that day. On arriv- ing at the point I was ordered to defend, I found my regiment in line of battle with my center resting on a road leading from Corinth to Pittsburg Landing, and at right angles with my line. Here I immediatelj' engaged a battalion of the enemy, and after a severe conflict of nearly an hour's duration, in which I lost many of my men. the enemy was driven back with heavy loss. At this time Capt. Hogin, Compan}- F, was shot dead, and Capt. Palmer, Com- pany H, severely wounded. In this desperate struggle my regi- ment lost 100 men in killed and wounded. "The conspicuous gallantry and coolness ot my company com- manders, Capts. Cleveland, Stubbs and Benson on the left, Capts. McCormic and Bell in the center, Capts. Kelsey, Geddes and Liei;t. Muhs on the right, by reserving the iii-e of their re- spective companies until the proper tijne for its delivery with eftect, and the determined courage ot my men, saved the bat- tery from capture, and I had the satisfaction of sending the guns in safet}' to the rear. In this attack I was wounded in the lea:, and Maj. Andrews severely in the head; and I do here take pleasure in acknowledging the courage and coolness displayed by my field otiicers, Lieut.-Col. J. C. Ferguson and Maj. J. Andrews, and the able assistance rendered by them on that occasion. " About 3 o'clock P. M. all communication with the river ceased, and it became evident to me that the enemy were turning the right and left flanks of our army, and were rapidly closing behind us. I could at this time liave retreated, and most likely would have saved my command from being captured had I, at this time, been ordered back, but I received no such order and I considered it my duty to hold the position I was assigned to defend at all hazards. "Gen. Prentiss's division having been thrown back from the origi- nal line, I changed front by my left flank, conforming to his movt- ment, and at right angles with my former base, which was imme- diately occupied and retained for some time by the 14th Iowa, Col. Shaw. In this position I ordered my regiment to charge a battal- ion of the enemy, I think the 4th Mississippi, which was done HISTORY OF SOOTT COUNTY. 443 good order, completely routinj^ them. We were now attacked on three sides by the rebel force, wiiich was closing fast around us. The shells from our gun-boats in their transit severing the limbs of trees hurled tliem on our ranks. To prevent annihilation it became absolutely necessary to leave a position which my regi- ment had held for nearly 10 consecutive hours of severe lighting, successfully resisting and driving back the enemy in every attempt to take the position I was ordered to iiold and defend, with a loss of men near 200 hundred in killed and wounded, so ordered my regiment to retire. On retiring about 30(1 yards, I found a divis- ion of the rebels, under Gen. Polk, thrown completely across my line of retreat. I perceived that further resistance was useless, as we were now completely surrounded . Myself and the major portion of my command were cajitured at 6 o'clock P. M., and 1 claim the honor tor my regiment of being the last to leave the ad- vance line of our army on the battle-lield of Shiloh, on Sunday, April 6, 1S62." The Eighth took part in the campaign in Mississippi in 1S63, the following account of which was given by Colonel Geddes: " On the 2d of May, 1S63, my regiment was ordered to leave Dack- port. La., with the division to which it was attached, namely, the 3d Division, 15th Army Corps, under the command of Brig. Gen. J. M. Tuttle, and march to Hard Times Landing opposite Grand Gulf, Miss., distant 60 miles. " On the 7th of May it crossed the river with the advance of the army and took up the line of march toward Jackson, Miss. It took part in the storming of that place on the 14th of May, and assisted in the destruction of railroads in the vicinity. Ordered from Jack- son on the 16th of May, by forced marches, it followed on the rebel retreat from ('hainpion Hills to their entrenchments at Yicksburg; assisted in the cliarge made on the rebel works on the 22d and operated with the army of investment for 34 days, during which time it assisted in clearing obstructions, making roads, construct- ing field works, mounting guns, and projecting approaches to within 20 yards of the rebel works, under an almost incessant fire. '■ On the 22d of June it was ordered to operate on our line of cir- cumvallation, under the command of Maj.-Gen. W. T. Sherman, where it remained until the surrender of Vicksburg. It was or- dered on the 4th of July to join the expeditionary army under Maj.-Gen. Sherman; sent in pursuit of the rebel force commanded 444 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY by Gen. Johnston and was present during; the seven days' siege of Jackson, and final occupation of that city, which took place the 17th of Jiily 1863. " After the evacuation of Jackson by the rebels the regiment com- posed part of a force under Maj. Gen. Frederick Steel, which was ordered to Brandon, Miss., and was attached to a brigade under ray command that engaged the enemy for two hours, repulsing them with loss and capturing Brandon. " ItalsoassisteJ indestroving the Meridian railroad 15 miles east of Jackson, and finally, on the 23d of July, 1S63, retired with the expeditionary army to its present position on the right bank of Big Black River, 15 miles from Vicksbnrg. "From the 2d of May tothe25tii of July the regiment, without tents or transportation, marched over 300 miles, engaged the enemy at Vicksburg, twice at Jackson, and at Brandon; and althongh dur- ing the operations of this ever memorable campaign both the ofii- cers and men of tlie regiment suffered much exposure and hardsiiips of a very trying character, they endured all without a murmur and witli a fortitude which elicited on several occasions the unreserved commendation of the commanding general." The regiments participated in many campaigns and battles, in- cluding a fight with Forrest at Memphis, Aug. 21, 1861. The last principal engagement was the capture of Spanish Fort.' Ala., April 8, 1865. It was mustered out at the close of the war with due honors. ELEVENTH INFANTRY. Co. E.— Privates. McCollough, Ebsnezer Fawcette, Edward Spencer, William Veterans. ^lock, Charles H. Buckm an, JolinR. Cusb. George 1-"'^^°^''' Charles J. Creaks, George. Mania, James Kerr, Frank L. r • * ^,«'' --^ HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 447 Amlrcw J. Fincli, Paul Kenshorf, NapDlcon W. Pavey. Sergennts. Thomas J. Grahim, James \Viiian«, Napoleon VV. Pavey, Thonns -Mounts, Nelson L. Post, John Forsytlie, Andrew J. Finch. Corporals- John Melton, .Tames Kuilci, James H. WorU, Andrew Fincli, Peter U. Dobbins, AVilliiim Stokes, Eli Melton. Musician. James Bryan. Wni.'oner. James Gartland. Privates. Ammond, William Brog, Frederiek Benelioof, William Burnett. Anderson Bowuiim, Henry Blunek, Otto F. Barrett, Thomas Brown, James Biajelow, George Brown, Nelson Clark, KJwin Dean, Thomas Ernst, Henry Emeigh, Charles Ellsworth, John Fish, Emery Forsyth, Jasper Flanagan, Edward Fjan.agan, John Finch, Andrew J. Gallagher, Jonathan Knap]), Solomon Klinit'eller, Wm. Kelly, Thomas Lewis, William Mi-Kinstry, George Moore, Thomas Mooney, George Merna, George JIcGuire, James Oliver, David C. Pratt, Jesse R. Pentith, F'rancis Price, Henry Peaslv, Noih Piersol, Thomas B. Pavey, Najinleon W. Rowe. George C. Ro'ik, Nicholas Shirk, William Swin, James Thompson, Daniel D. Tnomjison, James A. Wisecarver, Jacob Work, Alexander Work, James H, Winans, James Warner, James S. Ward, James Additional Enlist inenis. Carner>. Nicholas Shook, Daniel Wells, Benjamin Co. K. Vtierans.— Captain. Andrew J. Finch. Lieutenants. Najioleon W Pavey, William A. Shirk. Sergeants. John Forsyth, Thomas B. Piersol. Co'porals. William Lewis, William .\mmond, Charles Emeigh. Privates. Bigelow, George Barrett, Thomas Flanagan, John Knapp, Silomon Mooney, George Pratt, Jesse R. Post, Nelson L. Rook, Nicholas Stokes, William Shook. Daniel Swin James Ward, James In Company F wore "Win. Carleton and Daniel C. D.iwley; in Company 11 was John F. Dial, and in Company I, Albert Scott and James Coates. In the line of promotions were George M. Van Hoesen, from Captain to Major; William T. Clark, from Lient. to Captain, Major, Colonel and I'revet Brig.-General; Andrew J. Finch, froin Sergeant to 1st Lieutenant and Captain; William A. Shirk, from Sergeant to Ist Lieutenant and Captain; Stephen Pardy, from Ist Lieutenant to Quartermaster; Thomas J. Graham, from Sergeant to 1st Lieuten- ant; Napoleon W. Pavey, from Sergeant to 2d and Ist Lieuten- ants; John Forsyth, from Sergeant to 1st Lieutenant. The Thirteenth Regiment of Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry was mustered out of service at Louisville, Ky., July 21, 1S65, after an lionorable career, in which they distinguished themselves in many battles and campaigns. The 13th Regiment Iowa Infantry was mustered into the United States service in October, 18C1, for three years or during the war, 27 448 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. and was at once ordered to the front. It took part in the battle ot Shiloh as will be seen from the following report of Col. Crocker: '• Early on the morning of the 6th the alarm was given and heavy firing in the distance indicated that our camp was attacked. The regiment was formed in front of its color line, its full force consist- ing of 717 men, rank and file. It was at once ordered to form on the left of the 2d Brigade and proceeded to that position at a double quick, and was then formed in line of battle in a skirt of woods bordering on an open field to the left of a battery. Here it re- mained for some time inactive while the enemy's guns were play- ing on our battery. In the meantime a large force of the enemy's infantry were filing around the open field in front of our line, pro- tected by the woods, and in the direction of our battery, opening a lieavy fire of musketry on the infantry stationed on our right, and charging upon the battery, the infantry and battery to the right having given awa}'. At this time wo, as indeed all of our troops in the immediate vicinity of the battery, were thrown into great confusion and retired in disorder. Having retreated to the distance of 100 or 200 yards we succeeded in rallying and forming a good line, the 8th and ISth Illinois Volunteers on our left, and having fronted to the enemy held our positions there under a continual fire of cannon and musketry until after ]2 o'clock, when we were ordered to retire and take up a new position. This we did in good order and without confusion. Here having formed a new line, we maintained it under incessant fire unt'l 4:30 o'clock P. M., the men conducting themselves with great gallantry and cool- ness, and doing great execution on the enemy, repelling charge after charge and driving them back with great loss. At 4:30 o'clock we were again ordered to fall back. In obeying this order we became mixed up with a great number of regiments falling back in confusion, so that our line was broken and the regiment separated, rendering it very difficult to collect it ; but finally hav- ing succeeded in forming and being separated from the brigade we attached ourselves to the division commanded by Col. Tuttle, of the 2d Iowa Volunteers, and formed with his division in front of the encampment of the I'ith, 2d and 7th Iowa Volunteers, where we sustained a heavy fire from the enemy's battery until dark, and then remained during the night on our arms. During the day we were under fire of the enemy for 10 hours and sustained a loss of 23 killed and 130 wounded. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 449 " On the morning of the 7th we were ordered to continue with Colonel Tuttle's division, and to follow up and supuort our forces that were attacking and driving back tlie enemy. We followed them up closely, moving to support the batteries until the enemy was routed, after which we were ordered to return to the encamp- ment that we had left on Sunday morning, where we arrived at S o'clock P. M. Our total loss in the action of the 6th and 7th was, killed, 24; wounded, 139; missing, 9; total 172. The men for the most part behaved with great gallantry. All the ofScers exhib- ited the greatest bravery and coolness, and I call especial attention to the gallant conduct of my field officers, Lieut.-Col. Price and Maj. Shane, who were both wounded in the action of the 6th, and acknowledge my great* obligations to my adjutant, Lieut. Wil- son, who during the entire action exhibited the highest qualities of a soldier." On the 21st of July, 1S64, an engagement was had before Atlanta. The following is the account of the affair given by Major Walker : " At 8 o'clock A. M. the regiment was in position in front of the brigade, with the 15th Iowa Infantry on its left, and supported by the 16th Iowa Infantry; its front was protected by temporary works thrown up on the night of the 20th. "About 8 o'clock A. M., I received orders from Col. John Shane, commanding brigade, to advance at once on the double-quick to the front, to assist Brig.-Gen. Force, commanding a brigade in the 3d Division, 17tli Army Corps, who was fighting for the pos- session of a high hill in his front and to the left of this regiment. The men seized their arms, and sprang promptly over the works, advancing in good order to the crest of a hill less than 100 yards from the enemy's works, in tiie face of a heavy fire. Here I was ordered to halt, and held the position, exposed to a very destruc- tive fire of musketry, grape and canister, until, the enemy having withdrawn to their works, and Gen. Force having gained posse's- sion of the hill, I was ordered to retire to the position I origi- nally occupied, which was done steadily and without confusion. "Although the men had no previous notice of the advance, there was no disorder; being made, too, over an open field with no pro- tection. I regret to say that though the engagement lasted but 30 minutes, the loss in officers and men was severe; 17 enlisted men killed and 4 officers and 77 enlisted men wounded. "The regiment also participated in actions before Atlanta, July 27 and 28." 450 HIS'TOKT OF SCOrr COtTNTY. FOURTEENTH INFANTRY. Go. A. — Cfipt/iin. Isaac W. Talmage. Lieutenants. Hugo Hoffliaiier, William T. Dittoe. Sergeiuitn. William T. DiUoe, Waldo Gardner, Daniel Reminston, William Guion, Michael McMa' us, James M. Vanduzer, Christian Litscher, Samuel Lecock, David Palmer, K. W Kinkaid, Daniel Russell. Benjamin P. Lancaster, Jacob Veit, Leonard Lavender. Musicians. Oliver White, John Agans. Wagoner. Horace D. Squyers. Privates. Areundo, Xapole.on Baldwin James Baughman, Henreich Clark, Joseph Collins, Isaac H. Dapron. Antonio Doughert}', Owen Drennoa, Peter Dorst, Conrad Davenport. Wm. A. Farrell, Patrick Farrell, Timothy Frazier, William I. Fritzgerald, Richard Garitf, Peter Goman, John B. Hamson, Benjamin Henry. Peter Hire, John Harvey, William Ilyland, John Knapp, Jefferson W. Lavender, Leonard Litscher, Bernhard Lynch, Jnhn Leslie, William M. Moore, Henry S. Miller, John C. Morrison, David Mclntyre, John McKean, Francis McCloud, Samuel Xesbitt, Evert G. Pinneo, Matthias G. Pace, William H. Paustian, Hans Ruick, William P. Reimas, Hans Roseman, Alfred Sie-wart, William Sloper, David S-haback, John Sank. John E. Schmidt. Peter D. Sievers, Hans Slaughter, Fayette Shoemaker, R. B. Sweeney, Charles Voglebach, John Recruits. Bergheim, Charles Bergheim, John Bergheim. Henry Booth, Lyman HotTman, John Ha'vey, John Mowen, Daniel ]McLoskey, Charles A. Pinneo, John Schlegel Christian Turner, George Voglebach, John Wolsey, Henry Clay Veterans . Hershberger, William Basley, George W. Company B contained Sersjeant J. L. Scott and pi-ivates Thomas S. Ciirttright. A. J. Barrett, George L. Everstine, Joseph R. Leyle, John Maywood and George Campbell. Company E contained Sewell Butler and John W. Lay. Company G contained privates Alexander Cheney, Leander F. Hastings, Henry Hass, Andrew H. Harcett, Francis Kline, Robert Taylor and William S. Bailey. The promotions among Scott County men were Hugo Hoffbaner, from 1st Lieutenant to Captain; Wilhain T. Dittoe, from Sergeant to 2d Lieutenant; George Pemberton, from 1st Lieutenant to Cap- tain. The 14th Regiment was mustered into the United States service in November, 1861, and mustered out of service at Davenport Nov. 16, 1864. The veterans and recruits for this regitnent were consolidated into two companies and called the " Residuary Bat- talion of the 14th Infantry," which companies were mustered out at Davenport, May 13, 1865. HISTORT OF SCOTT COUNTY. 451 SIXTEENTH INFAN'TKV. Lieut. ■Odloiiel. Addison H. Sanders. Adjutant. George E. McCosh Sergennt-Major. Henry Lefeldt. Co. A — Priontes. Gassier, Edward Clayburg, George W. Duggins, Thomas Franum, William S. Hughs, Peter Highly, Jacob C. Millsap, Thomas Milton, Franklin Nolan, Jeremiah Osborn, Frederick Rogers, Oliver P. Shadle, Levi Shields, William Stanley, Surauel C- SulUviin, Denis Todd, Edward Whitnev, Royal B. Whitnell, Charles L. Vcte nnn. — Corpor.iL George W. Claybaugh. Prientes. Cassley, Edward Jordan, Caleb S. Osboru, Frederick C. Stanley, Lemuel Franum, Jolin Whitney, Royal B. Crawford, VVilliam Getty, Jesse Osborn, Josiah Co. B. — Captain. David Stuhr. Liinitenatita. Lewis Bunde, Frederick Wiedemann. Sergeants. Henry Ltfckit, John Claussen, Joseph Fisher, Fred Schwerdtfeger, John Nelson, Corporals. Johann Witt, Jachim Arp, Fritz Sanger, Hans. F. Ilartman, Adolph Golbrecht, Henry Holier, Sieverd Jurgensen, Ludwig Lubbe. Musicians. Rudolph Grinoner, Otto Mielok. Henry Rix. Privates. Aye, Peter Book, Jochim Brammer, Hans. Begun, John Bergman, Theodore Bielttildt, Jochinn Blooker, John Bahr, John Blooker, Turgen Begun, Christian Capicas, Fritz Dammann, Claus Dormann, Christian Dose, Nicholaus Dieokmann, John Egsers, John Ehlers, Wilhelm Frackman, John Fremke, Johann Fullert, Henry Girkin, Hinrich Gottbrecht, August Geoble, Carl Harberger, Phillipp Hiirtkop, Christian n«rtkop, Frederick Henniaer. Erich Hoick, Hans. Henson, Marx Hildebraadt, Nich Hamann. Hans. F. Jacobs, Heinrich Jacobson Jacob Jausseii, Claus ICuhl, Jockim Kuhl, Claus Kiel, Wilhelm Mariz, M-ir.\ Muller, P>nst Norden, Jurgea Neben, John Ohrt, Carl Paulsen, Niss . Puck, Egeert Peterson, Frederick Prussing, Jacob RIckenberg, Johann Reimer. Johann Sohmelyle, Andreas Silvester, Fritz Schlosser, Fritz Scheel, Detless Schwartz, Johann Schluter, Peter Schulz. August Voss, Henry Wichmann, August Wendel. George Weber, L"rs Wendt, Carl Wilkin, Frederick Wolf, Asmus Weissmann, Charles Westphal, Theodore Wriedt, Ludwig Wolter, Henry Additional Enlistments. Hamdorf, Wilhelm Siems, Johann Weise, Hinrich Co. B. — Veterans-Captain. Henry Leefeldt, Lieutenant. Frederick Weidemann. Sergeants. Jasper A. Fischer, Johann Witt. Corporals. Frederick Schwerettfeger, Han. F. Hartmann, Fritz Sanger, Sievered, Juergensen Ludwig, Lubbe Peter Aye. Privates. Blocker, .Tuergen Dammann, Claus Mueller, Ernst Peterson, Frederick Rickenburg, Johann Schmelzle, Andreas Vogel, Conrad Wolf, Asmus Schumaker, Paul Co. C. — Corporals. Blanchard, Peter Boemer, George B. Cox, Alfred B. Herbert, Josiah T. Hickson, George W. Sixbury. Henry L. Vallman, R. M. J. Additional Enlistments. Avarill. George A. Cheney, Frederic E. Kughn, Simon McGinnis, William Jloore, James G. Moore, Wm. H. H. McLaughlin, William Price, Thomas E. Shadle, John Shook, William Co. D. — .Sergeants. James W. Willard, William G. Fearing, Joseph S. McHarg. 452 HISTORY OF SCOTT COTINTT Corporals. Joseph V. West, Gideon Maple, Harry H. Bowling, Privates. Anderson, Benjamin Bird, William A. Bowling, Harry H. Chase, George W. Paring, Franklin Hager, John L. Lindsev, Ninin Myers, Abraham Newburn. Samuel Snively, George W. Webster, Henry P. West, Joseph V. Co. D. — Veterans. Sergeants. James AV. Willard, William G. Fearing. Privates. Anderson, Benjamin Langdon, Edward D. Madden, Daniel Myers Abraham Co. F.— Captain. Edward S. Fraser. Corporal. Samuel Dulfln. Privates. Ackermau, James H. Patterson, William Veterans. Drew, John Ernes, Absalom D. Mosshokler, David dinger, George H. Patterson, William Rourk, Patrick Co. O. — Sergeant August Timm. Corporals. Henry Hotfman, George B. Quick. Privates. Hartmao, Augustus Arndt, Edwara Bruesch, Anion Egger, Jacob Gradea, Benedict Hotfmerener, Henry Hoppe, Francis Koelile, Frederick Lehmann, Jacob Otto, Wilhelm Schumacher, Joseph Steinmann, Edward Timm, Henry Carter, James Gilligan, John Keith, George W. Shaw, Herbert A. Shuey, Thomas Co. K. — Lieutenants. Eleck Wcingartner. Samuel Duffin. Sergeant. John T. Davis. Corporal. Joseph Enderly. Privates. Barden, Christ Graak, Karl Hilbert, Henry Knocke. Adolph Xye, Charl es Knocke, John „ ^ _ Matthers, Karl Co. G.— Veterans.— Lieut. Nunlist, Anton August Timm. Sergeant. Peter Becker. Privates. Eggcr, .Jacob Tmim, Henry Hartman, August Lorentz, Henry Co. I. — Corporal. George W. Keith. Privates. Dugan, Patrick Carter, James Gilligan, John Nass, John T. Rowen, Frank Phelan, Richard Sieh, Nicholas T. Struve, Claus Wilkard, Henry Barche, Christian Co. K. — Veterans. — Lieut. Eleck Weingartner. Samuel Duffin. Sergeant. John T. Davies Privates. Enderle, Joseph Knocke, John Martin, John Bulda, Henrv Matthes, Karl Phelan, Richard Schneider, August Veterans. Dugan, Patrick Company E contained J. A. Davis, Patrick Moran and Orlando Mattison, privates, and the followino; nnassigned veterans : "William Crawford, Zacbariah C. McClury, George H. Otinzer, John Sheser, William W. Simmons. Frank Thompson and Christopher Tiedman. The promotions were Addison H. Sanders, from Lient.-Col. to Colonel and Brevet Brig.-General; Henry Leefeldt, from Sergeant Major to Second Lieut, and Captain; John Claussen, from Sergeant to 2d Lieut, and Captain; Frederick Wiedemann, from 2d to 1st Lieut.; Frederick Schwerdtfeger, from Sergeant to 2d Lieut.; Will- iam G. Fearing, from Sergeant to Captain; August Timm, from Sergeant to 2d Lieut, and Captain; Eleck Weingartner, from Ser- geant to 1st Lieut. ; John F. Davis, from Sergeant to 1st Lieut.; Samuel Duffin, Sergeant to 2d Lieut. The Si.xteenth Regiment was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 19, 1865. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 453 The Sixteenth Regiment Iowa Infantry Volunteers left Daven- port, Marcii 20. 1862; was engaged in the battle ofShiloh, April 6th and 7tli, meeting with heavy loss; took part in the seige of Corinth; camped at Corinth from its evacuation till July 28; marched to Bolivar, Tenn.; made a reconnoissaiiceto Summerville, Aug. 23, returning to Bolivar on the 26th; left Sept. 11 for Corinth, and thence was sent out to reconnoitre the position and forces of the enein v at luka, Sept. 17, returning to Brownsville; were ordered to Jacinto, Miss., where they joined Rosecrans's command. The regiment again marched on luka, was engaged in the battle of luka, Sept. 19, 1S62. The regiment again arrived at Corinth Oct. 2; was engaged in the two days' battle of Corinth, Oct. 3 and 4, and pursuit of the enemy to Ripley; returned to Corinth on the lltii; was in camp till Nov. 2; marched to Grand Junction, camped till Nov. 28; Marched to Holly Springs, passing through the town; arrived in front of the enemy's fortified position on the Talla- hatchie River on the 29th. The enemy was forced from its posi- tion Nov. 30. The regiment crossed the river Dec. 2, and went into camp; was engaged in guarding and building the railroad bridge across the river; marched to the south of Oxford, Miss, on the 19th; returned to Holly Springs on the 21st; in cam]) till Dec. 29. Marched to Lafayette, Tenn.; arrived Jan. 1, 1S63;, camped till the i2th. Marched to Memphis, embarked on trans- ports for Young's Point; arrived on the 2'4th, and remained till the 29th; moved to Lake Providence, La, where the regiment re- mained till April 21. Returning to Milliken's Bend, marched by way of Richmond, La., to Grand Gulf, thence to Vicksburg; was engaged in the operations against the latter place May 22. The regiment was in the expedition to Mechanicsburg under General Blair; returned to Vicksburg, June 1; engaged in the siege until the 23d; marched to Black River; guarded the crossing till the fall of Vicksburg; had a sharp engagement with the eiiemy July 4, 1863, part of the regiment having crossed the river and driven the enemy Iroui his position on the opposite bank. July 12 was or- dered to re-enforce General Sherman at Jackson, and bring up an ammunition train. Jo. Jolmson having evacuated Jackson, the army returned to Vicksburg July 28 ; camped near Vicksburg till the 6th of Au- gust. The regiment was engaged in the march to Monroe, La. Returning to Vicksburg, remained in camji till the third day of February, 1864, when they started on the Meridian campaign. 454 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. After a march across the entire State ot Mississippi, returned to Vicksburg March 4, 1S64 ; left Yicksburg March 17, on veteran furlough. The regiment again started from Davenport, Iowa, May 3; arrived at Clifton, Tenn., about the middle of May; marched to Iluntsville, Ala., arriving at the latter place May 22 ; marched to Dacatur, Ala.; thence across the mountains to Rome, Ga., where they arrived on the 5th day of June. Starting again the next morning, joined the main army under Sherman, near Acworth, on the 10th ; arrived in front of Kenesaw Mountain on the 11th ; had a sharj) engagement with the enemy June 15 ; the regiment was engaged in the attack on Kenesaw Mountain June 27, meeting with heavy loss. The regiment was under the enemy's tire from June l-t to July 2 ; moved from left to right of the line, meeting the army again July 1 ; had another sharp en gagement, driving the enemy. On the 5th the Sixteenth again had the advance, driving the enemy from his fortitied position and across JSTick-a-jack Creek ; were under tire ot the enemy until the IBtli day of July, when the rebels were compelled to cross the Chattahoochie, the regiment was then marched to Rossville, where it crossed the Chattahoochie River and pushed on for Atlanta; was engaged in the b-ittles of July 20 and 21, meeting with heavy losses in killed and wounded, and receiving Gen. McPherson's especial compliments. July 22, when Hood made his famous charge that opened the b ittle of Atlanta, the 16th Iowa, flanked in the right by the 11th, on the left by the loth, with the 13th Iowa in the rear, all forming '• the old Iowa brigade," was at the main point when the charge was made. The 16th captured more of the enemy than it liad men in its ranks, but was eventually surrounded and captured in turn and taken to Andersonville. But in a short time, being exchanged, they rejoined the army under Sherman. Tlie regiment was increased by recruits, and started from Atlanta, Nov. 15 ; nrarched to Savannah, before which place it arrived Dec. 10 ; after much hard marching, skirmishing, etc., drove the enemy behind their fortitications. At Savannah, tliis regiment was the tirst t<) seize the Savannah & Cliarleston Railroad, and under directions of Brig.-Gen. Belknap commenced destroying the same ; was engaged in the siege till the evacuation of the city ; marclied to the suburbs of tlie city and went into camj) on tliJ 2Lst, where it remained getting ready for the next campaign. After a review of the en- tire army by Gen. Sherman, the 16th was put in motion Jan. 6, HISTORY OF SCOri" COUNTY. 455 1S65, for Beaufort, S. C. ; marched against Pocataligo Jan. 15, tlie 17tli Corps (to which tiie 16th belonged) driving the enemy out of iiis strongly fortified position ; remained here at Pocataligo nntil the :2>*th, wlien tlio new caiui)aign commeticed. ilarching to Rivers bridge, on the Salkaliatchie, met the enemy strongly fortified. At this point tiie Salkaliatchie forms an almost impenetrable swamp about two miles wide, which was waded by the -Ith Division, 17th Army Corps, on the 3d day of February lSt35 ; drove the enemy from their po-ition ; continued the march, driving the enemy before them, capturing every place which they attempted to hold, and after encountering many hardships, priva- tions and dangers arrived at Goidsboro on the 22d day of March, 1865. Remaining at Goidsboro, X. C, until the 10th day of April, the regiment was again on the march in search of the enemy. Pushing forwaril, the command entered Raleigh on the 16th ; camped till the 2d day of May. Tiie war being brought to a close, the command marched for AVashington, whore it took part in the grand review; May 24 left Washington June 7, and arrived at Louisville June 12. During the period embraced herein, the regiment suffered severely in killed, died of wounds received, or of disease con- tracted in the line of duty. It may truly be said ot the 16th, it was always at the front, oftener, ]wrha]is, under order than it wanted to be, but never in battle or march t PACIFIC RAILROAD. The Chicago & Rock Island Railroad Company was incorporated by special charter granted by the Legislature of Illinois in 1851. In those days executing the privileges of charters required some- thing like a herculean perseverance and adamantine courage. It was a brave, strong etK)rt to lead the way for civilization, waiting patiently for a reward, and earning it long before it was received. Its main line was completed trom tlie city of Chicago to Rock Island, a distance of 181 A miles, in August, 1854, and tlie event was made the occasion of a grand celebration. The people of the Mississippi hailed tlie new road as the link that united them with the world. Settlements began to sjjring up on eitiier end of the line, and the tide of civilization moved rapidly on. In 1852 the Mississippi ife MisscQiri Railroad Company was incorporated in Iowa, with power to build and operate a railroad trom the eastern line of the State of Iowa by way of Des Moines, to Council Blufis, on the Missouri River. (477) 478 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. On the the 17th day of January, 1853, an act was passed by the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled " An Act to Incorporate a Bridge Company by the Title therein named," of which Joseph E. Sheffield, Henry Farnham, J. A. Matteson, and N. B. Judd were the sole incorporators. This company was in- corporated for the purpose of constructing a railroad bridge across the Mississippi River, connecting the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad with the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad, at Davenport, Iowa. The capital stock was $400,000, raised on 400 bonds of $1,000 each, the payment of which was guaranteed by the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad Company and the Mississippi & Missouri River Railroad Company. The work of location and construction commenced in the spring of 1854, under Henry Farnham as chief engineer, and John B. Jarvis, as consulting engineer. B. B. Brayton had charge of the work as resident engineer. The corner- stone of the first pier of the bridge was laid in the presence of a large number of the citzens of Rock Island and Davenport, Hon. Joseph Knox, Ebenezer Cook, George E. Hubbell and others making appropriate remarks on the occasion. By the spring of 1856 the entire work was completed, and attracted the attention of travelers, historians and scholars from every part of the coun- try. It was deemed a great triumph of art, a noble achievement of enterprise, to connect the eastern and western banks of the Father of Waters with a continuous railway, over which the prod- ucts of Iowa might roll onward to Eastern markets without delay. The bridge is 1,580 feet long and 30 feet high across the Missis- sippi to the Island, and 450 feet across the slough, from the Island to the Illinois shore. The entire cost of both bridges, and the railroad connecting them across the Island, was about $400,000. The number of boats that passed through the draw during: the year 1S57 was 1,024. and the number of rafts during the same time was 594. On the 6th of April, 1S56, a large and s])lendid steam- boat called the " Effie Afton," while attempting to pass the Rock Island draw of the bridge in a gale of wind, was thrown against the draw pier, and, rebounding, swung around the stone pier east of the draw, and the smoke-pipes, coming in contact with the superstruct- ure, were thrown down, setting fire to the toat in several places. She stuck fast under the bridge, and the flames from the boat ignited the frame work of the bridge, and burned off the end of the span, which fell, and, with the burning hull of the boat, floated three-quarters of a mile down the river. During the summer and fall of 1856 this burnt span was constructed anew. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTi'. 479 Jan. 1, 1853, the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad Company was organized. Tlie capital stock was $6.ii(iO,000, of shares of 8100 each. The corporation was to continue 50 years from date. Five per cent, of subscription was to be paid down, and the remainder in installments of not more than 20 per cent, of the full amount, and at intervals of not less than three months. The highest amount of indebtedness which could 'be incurred was $-1,000,000. John A. Dix, of New York, was elected president. Sept. 1, 1S53, the first ground was broken on the road. The first passenger train that left Davenport was on the 22d of August, 1855. The expenses attending the litigation over the bridge was such as to involve tlie Mississippi & Missouri Railroad Company, and it failed to meet its guarantees. The Chicago & Rock Island as- sumed the responsibility, thereafter paying interest and principal. In 1S66 the Mississippi & Missouri Railway Company failed to meet the mortgages given to secure the payment of moneys bor- rowed and expended in the construction. Its land grant also lapsed through inability to execute its designs. The mortgages were foreclosed, and the property purchased by the " Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific" Company of Iowa, a corporation organized in the organization of the Chicago ife Rock Island Railroad Company. On the 20th of August, ISGO, the Illinois and Iowa companies consoli- dated under the name of the Chicago, Rock Island pointed by the Chair to di-aft a constitution and by-laws to be submitted for adoption at the next meeting. Resolved, That a committee of five members be appointed to make arrangements for a festival, to be held in this city on the 22d day of February, 1858. Resolved, That tickets of invitation be sent to all "Pioneer Set- tlers " who have since become non-residents of this county. Several names were suggested by which the society was to be known, and a considerable discussion ensued. The name by which it is now known was finally adopted. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 485 The Chair appointed Judge "Weston, John F. Dillon, and C. C. Alvord. Committee on Constitution and By-Laws; and appointed Willard Barrows, A. H. Owens, James Mcintosh, Geo. L. Daven- port and D. C. Eldridge, a Committee on Festival. . On motion of John F. Dillon, it was voted tliat all those settlers whose wives came here prior to Dec. 31, 1840, be admitted to the festival. The association then proceeded to elect its first officers, which resulted in the choice of tiie following named gentlemen: Antoine Le Claire, President; Ebenezer Cook, Duncan C. Eldridge, Willard Barrows, John Owens, Robert Christie, William Cook, Jabez A. Birchard, Adrian II. Davenport, Alexander Brownlee, Leroy Dodge, Vice-Presidents; Dr. E. S. Barrows, Corresponding Sec- retary ; John L. Coffin, Recording Secretary; Hon. .George B. Sar- gent, Treasurer. On motion of H. L. Fenley, that a committee be appointed to ascertain the names of pioneer settlers prior to Dec. 31, 1840 who have since died or removed, the Chair appointed II. L. Fin- ley, Wm. McCammon and J. K. James said committee. On motion of Judge "Weston it was voted that the proceedings of this meeting be ])ublished in the dail}' and weekly papers of this city. "Voted to adjourn until next Saturday evening at same place at 7 o'clock. At the second meeting of "The Pioneer Settlers' Association of Scott County " held pursuant to adjournment in Le Claire Hall, on Saturday evening, Jan. 30, 1858, Antoine Le Claire, President, in the chair. The president appointed Judge Charles Weston, Willard Bar- rows. Hon. John P. Cook, Jabez A. Birchard and Dr. E. S. Bar- rows the Executive Committee for the ensuing year. The report of the Committee on Constitution was then presented and adopted. CONSTITUTION. Whereas, It was our destiny to be the pioneers in the settle- ment of this fair and fertile section of our State; and, whereas, our lives have been bounteously lengthened out through the honorable conflict of the past to enjoy the prosperity of the present; and, whereas, the number of pioneers is rapidly decreasing, and must soon be removed by death from the earthly scene of their strug- 486 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COTJNTT. gles and triumphs; and whereas we feel a just pride in sjathering and preservins: the memorials of a settlement that has resulted in a growth and development so greiit; and feeling that the recollec- tions of the past, the felicity of tlie present, and iiopes of the future link us together as a brotherhood, wo do now order and establisli tbis : Article I. Tliis association shall be called The Pioneer Set- tlers' Association of Scott County. Article II. The officers shall be a president, ten vice-presi- dents, recording secretary, corresponding secretary and treasurer. Article III.— Sec. 1. The president shall preside at the meetings of the association, preserve order therein, and in case of an equal division upon any question, give the casting vote. He shall call special meetings of the association when such ina}' be necessary, and also when requested to do so by any five members of the association. Sec. 2. In case of the absence of the president or his ina- bility to act, the senior vice-president shall perform liis duties. Sec. 3. The recording secretary of the association shall keep a true record of all its proceedings, and shall keep a register, called the " Pioneer's Register," and perform sucli otlier duties as may from time to time be assigned him. Sec. 4. The corresponding secretary shall receive, read to the association and answer all communications addressed to it, and shall also perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned Idni. Sec. 5. Tiie treasurer shall have charge of the finances of the association and collect and disburse all moneys, and render an account at the expiration of his term of office, and hand over all money, books and pajiers to his successor. Sec. 0. The present officers shall hold their respective offices until the meeting of the association next preceding the annual festival, which meeting shall be held each yearon tlie first Monday of February. All officers siiall be elected annually at that meet- ing by ballot, or in such other manner as the association may direct. Article IV. — Sec. 1. After each annual election the presi- dent shall appoint an executive committee, consisting of five members, whose duty it shall be to provide for the annua! festival, and this committee shall take charge of and regulate all matters pertaining thereto. HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. 487 Sec. 2. The president at tlie same time shall appoint a committee of three members whose duty it shall be to select a suitable person to deliver the address before the association on the day of the next succeeding annual festival. Articlk V. — Sec. 1. All male persons who are residents of Scott County, and who were residents of said county on or before theSIst day of December, A. D. 1840, who married wives, who were residents as above, and who are of good moral character, are eligiBle to membership. Sec. 2. Names of persons proposed tor admission shall be handed in in writing, and be announced to the association, where- upon the president shall appoint a committee of three members to examine into the qualifications of the applicant, which committee shall I'eport at the same meeting if practicable. If such report be favorable the association shall vote upon the question of his ad- mission and the applicant shall be rejected if one-third of the mem- bers present shall vote against him. Sec. 3. Every member shall sign this constitution and pay to the treasurer one dollar at the time of doing so, and one dollar annually thereaftei'. and such assessment as may from time to time be levied upon them by the association. Sec. 4. All persons who were residents of Scott County on or before the Slst of December, A. D. 1840, and who have since be- come non-residents as well as pioneer settlers in other parts of the State, and in any other States and Territories, may be elected hon- orary members in the same manner above provided for the election of members. Article YI.— Sec. 1. Any member may be expelled for such cause as two-thirds of the members present may deem sufficient. Article VII. — Sec. 1. There shall be an annual festival of this society to be held in the city ot Davenport on the 22d ot Feb. ruary each year during the continuance of this society; if the day above fixed shall fall on Sunday in any year, the festival shall occur on the Saturday preceding or Monday succeeding, as the Execu- tive Committee shall determine. Sec. 2. Every member and honorary member and the wives of such, and the widows of pioneer settlers, are entitled to be pres- ent at the festival, and no other persons are so entitled unless by vote of the society. Any member may bring a daughter or other female relative in lieu of his wife. 488 HI5T0ET OF SCOTT COUNTY. Sec. 3. There shall be au annual public address before the association on the day of the festival, to be delivered by such per- son as may be selected by a committee of three to be appointed for the purpose. Article VIII. — Sec. 1. The corresponding secretary shall ad- dress kindred societies in this and the adjoining States by letter, giving the particulars of the proceedings of the annual festival and soliciting replies of the same nature to be read at the next festival of the association. * Sec. 2. Whenever practicable the members of this society shall attend in a body the funeral of any deceased member, and as a token of respect shall wear the usual badge of mourning. Sect. 3. The recording secretary shall provide a book, to be known as the " Pioneer Register," in which shall be registered the name, age, place of nativity, occupation, date of settlement here, and date and place of death of each member when such death shall occur; and also register the same facts as far as may be, in regard to such pioneer settlers as have deceased or become non-residents. The recording secretary shall ascertain from members the above facts as respects themselves at the time of the signing of the con- stitution. Sec. 4. This constitution shall not be ^mended except by an affirmative vote of three-fourths of all the members present of the association, and, unless such proposition for amendment shall have been before the society in writing at least at one meeting previous to any action upon it by the association. Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of every member of the associ- ation to furnish within si.K months from the time of his admission a brief memoir of his life, which shall embrace date and place of birth, incidents of youth, reasons and motives for emigrating to this State, jottings down of his personal experience in pioneer and Western life, and such other matters and recollections pertinent to the objects of this association as he may deem proper to communi- cate, which memoir shall be delivered to the recording secretary, and by him be carefully filed and preserved as the property of the association. SPECIAL lIEETINft. At a special meeting of the association on Wednesday evening, Feb. 17, 1858, the meeting was called to order by Robert Ciiristie, one of the vice-presidents. HISTORI OF SCOrr COfNTY. 489 Tlie committee appointed to procure the presideatial caae made the following report : Tliis committee who were instructed to procure a '• cane" as an ensignia of office of the president of the association, beg leave to report, that thej' have made the necessary arrangements therefor, that it will be in readiness for presentation at the festival on the 22d inst. ; and would further sav that immediately after their ap- pointment they received the following communication : Gentlemen : — We observed in the proceedings of the " Pioneer Settlers' Association of Scott County," a resolution providing for the purchase of a cane, with suitable inscriptions, as an ensignia of office of the president so long as the association shall exist. The undersianed, sons of Ira C()ok, deceased (who was one of the tirst settlers in the county, having emigrated here in the year 1835), desire to connect bis memory with this association, and for that purpose they respectfully' request that they may be permitted to furnish the monej- for the purchase of the catie, and that the fact may be entered upon the records of the association. It is our desire that the cane be gotten up in the same manner, and the inscriptions thereon be the same as though the present applica- tion were not made. We are respectfully your obedient servants, William L. (jOok, Ebenezek Cook, John P. Cook, Ira Cook. To WiLLARD Barrows and others of committee. The committee recommended in relation thereto the adoption of a resolution accepting the oifer, which was unanimously accepted. first annual festival. The association met at the Eurtis House, Monday evening, Feb. 22, 185S, forming with the invited guests a company of nearly 800 persons, Antoine Le Claire, President, in the chair. John E. Dillon, in behalf of the association, arose and presented the cane to the president in the following appropriate speech : Mr. President : — I am charged with the grateful duty of pre- senting you with this insignia of your office. You, who were the first to pioneer the way to this lovely spot, lovelier and richer than the land " flowing with milk and honey;" you, who have used the 490 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. wealth it has been your good fortune to acquire, in constant en- deavors to promote the growth and advance the interests of our city and county; you, who are confessed first in the esteem of all old pioneers, have been unanimously elected our first president. Happy are we that your life has been bounteously lengthened out to behold this night. Happy that we are able to bestow upon you this testimonial of our regard. What endeared recollections and thronging visions this occasion must call up and inspire! Who would not fondly " give the hope of years" to enjoy the satisfaction and delight that must to-night be yours ? A thousand incidents strike the electric chain of memory, and in the light of its corruscations the past comes back again, and glows vividly before you. How pleasant, at times, to retouch memories that are being moss-grown, to retintthe fast fad- ing pictures of life. The changes you have seen, how astonishing! The like whereof will be sought for in vain, in the realities of history, and in the dream of poetry. Since the world began, it has never in any age or country exhibited a growth so solid, and a development so amazing, as that which you yourself have witnessed. So rapid and thorough is the progress of improvement, that the memorials ot our early settlement are fast passing away. Scarcely a trace or vestige of the primitive log cabin remains; and the inquiry might be pertinently raised, not "Have we a Bourbon?" but "Have we a log, cabin among nsi These have been succeeded by comfortable and elegant dwellings — but why specify changes when specifica- tions were endless? All, all is changed, save the unchanging sky above us, and the changeless river that rolls by us; magnificent river! "Time writes no wrinkles on thine azure brow," and without avouching its geological accuracy let me add — Such as creation''s dawn beheld thou beholdest now. How often in the quiet watches of the night when I have beheld the glory of the one, reflected in and increased b}' that of the other, has my heart melted with gratitude, that aspiring man could not reach the heavens to cover them with signs and placards, or mar the beauty ot earth's glorious water-courses. Especially have you observed, sir, with intense interest, the growth of our fiiir and proud young city. This interest has not been the indifferent interest of a mere spec- tator, but with you it has partaken of a warmer nature; it has HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. 491 claiiued kindred with a paternal solicitude, and without demur has had its claim allowed. Our feeble infancy, our slow growth, our precarious situation, our gloomy prospects, awakened for awhile the most tender concern and anxious forebodings. These dark days, happily, have passed away, we trust, to return no more; and Davenport to-day in size and beauty stands peerless among rivals — the "Queen City" of Iowa. Well may we rejoice to-night with you in the triumphs of a faith in our destiny, that suffered all things, endured all things, hoped all things even unto the end. But these exultant feelings, and grateful retlectiuns come to us mingled and tinged and soft- ened and subdued with those of a sadder nature. While we have been busy, time and death have not been idle. But I may not further indulge in retlecticjns that crowd for utter- ance, save to say, that this cane, made from a stick of native growth, and skillfully fashioned by the hand of a member of our association, is the distinctive, and we think fitting and appropri- ate, badge of your office. As such, it is intended to be preserved with jealous care, and to be transmitted successively from presi- dent to president, until our society shall be no more! On it will be found engraved your own name, the name of our association, aiul the date of its organization. It affords rae un- feigned pleasure, sir, in behalf of the " Pioneer Settlers' Associa- tion of Scott County,"' to present this ensign of office and honor to you, the^7'S^ president, wondering who, of those present, shall enjoy the enviable, yet melaneholly, distinction of being the last. This effort was highly applauded, after which the president, through E. Cook, Esq., responded as follows: Mr. Dillon: — I receive this cane, the ensignia of my office, as president of the " Pioneer Settlers' Association of Scott County," with great pleasure, not alone because I shall take pride in its ex- hibition, not alone because of its beautiful and skillfull workman- ship, not alone for the very flattering remarks attendant upon its presentation, eitlier of which causes would justify the feeling, but chiefly because it is and is intended by the association as a tangi- ble memento of the past, and of the early history of the settlement of our county, to be handed down, I trust, to future generations, to be preserved for all time; to be exhibited to thousands upon thousands of our descendants yet unborn, as having been designed, made, and handled by their forefathers, the first settlers of Scott County. 492 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. With this cane shall go down, I trust, the records of our as- sociation, and if the members are faithful, and furnish, as required by the constitution, the leading incidents of their lives connected with their settlement and habitation in this county, to be placed upon the records, how interesting to those who come after us will be this cane, as a tangible memorial of their forefathers, long since crumbled into the dust from which they came, and whose history, to a greater or less extent, is written in the records before them. Methinks, as I look into the far, far future, I see within the limits of our county a noble building, dedicated to some noble public objects, and there, in some suitable and proper place, are deposited the records and testimonials of this association. Within its walls is a living crowd, pressing forward eager to see and pursue the record, to see and touch the memorials handed down with it, and I hear them say, "These were sent down to us from our forefathers; here is written a history of the first settlement of this beautiful land, of the trials and hardships endured, and of the triumphs won by them. Let them be preserved forever." Ladies and gentlemen, members of this association, let me charge upon you that you impress upon your children, and chil- drens' children, that they hold it as a sacred duty, wlien we shall all have passed away from earth, to preserve, intact, the records and memorials of our association, and to transmit tliem unim- paired to future generations. You have been pleased, sir, to allude in very flattering terms to me, personally. If I have, in the course of a long life spent here, entitled myself to and won the respect of my fellow men, particu" larly the old settlers of the county, I am amply repaid for any and all exertions I may have been able to make to aid in advanc- ing the interests and prosperity of our beloved city and county. If I have acquired wealth, it is to the settlement of the country that I am indebted for it; for of what value would have been the land on which this city and the city of Le Claire is built, except from the fact that 3'ou, gentlemen of this association, settled upon and improved the lands of the county, and thereby enabled us to build up a city? So that, gentlemen, we see that we are depend- ent, to a greater or less extent, upon one another, and when we so act as to confer a benefit upon the community, we really are bene- fitting ourselves. The Hon. John P. Cook, Orator of the Day, delivered the first Annual address, at the close of which the association joined in singing " Auld Lang Syne." The following is the address : IIISTOKY OF SCOTT COLTNTY. 493 Mr. Preside.vt, and Ladies? an'd Genplemkn : Tlirougli the politeness of the committee appointed to arrange for this occasion, it has fallen to my lot to address your association) on this the first festival of the pioneers of Scott County. The interest manifested in this organization, tliis large assembly, and the familiar nod of recognition passing from one to another, attest the ])erfect ha]i]iiness we all feel in this union, made genial by the hardships of the past, tiie joy of the ]iresent. and hopes for the future. In the West such a society is neither new nor uncommon. The first settlers of Illinois, Wisconsin, and of many of the older counties in our own beautiful Iowa, have been drawn together b}' that fraternal regard which is always warm in the honest heart of an ^'old jiioneer." It, in the excitement of business, and the duties of life, we have hitherto neglected to come together, as the pioneers of Scott County, the greater reason now exists, that we should nourish this infant association, and make it promotive of every good and noble sympathy of the heart. Our organization is now complete, our names are enrolled, and with the exception of absen- tees, and such as have not yet joined, although entitled to member- ship, our ranks are full, and under our constitution there can be no accession to our number, other than exceptions named. With a just appreciation of the memory of the dead, you iiave procured the names of those who settled in this county prior to 1S4(), but who now no longer live, so that \-our records will ])erpetuate their names, who have "acted well their part," and now sleep beneath the cold clods of the valle3\ as ours, who have survived to consum- mate this organization. In thus recording the names of the dead, who were our companions in frontier life, we but open a record that will soon contain the names of all who now stand recorded as living memhers of this association. One by one we shall pass away> and at each returning festival some familiar face will be missed at the board, some chair will be vacant, and the record of the living will be shortened to lengthen the record of the dead, while the void in our ranks can never, never be filled. As years roll on, those of U8 who may be living at the end of the first decade will realize the fearful work of death among us. A little longer, yet a little longen and a score of years shall have passed away, leaving l)ut a few to cherish the raomory of the departed, and to cling closely, ah I how closely, to each other. Who shall presume to lift the veil, and name the pioneer who will then answer to the secretary's roll call ? 49-i HISTORY OF SCOT!' COUNTY. A little longer, and still a little longer, and the youngest among U8 will have readied his three-score years and ten, and no one may know, until time unfolds the eternal decree, wlio of onr number will betlie last survivor of the pioneers of Scott County ! You have pro- cured a cane, and have had inscribed thereon, '' Pioneer Settlers' Association, organized January, 1858, Scott County, Iowa," and presented it to your president, with instructions that it be handed down to his last successor in office. That successor lives, and if not here with us to-day in proprm persona, he is with us in spirit, and in well wishes, and is destined to officiate at the last act of your association. The history of the early settlement of Scott County is replete with interesting incidents, and to those of \is who tirst •' squatted " and located our claims upon "Uncle Sam's" land, it is a satisfac- tion to look back to that period, and compare Scott County then with Scott County now. No one here to-day can claim a settle" ment anterior to that of our worthy president, and certainly no one has done more than he in aiding and encouraging the tirst set- tlers; and I may be permitted thus publicly to record the humble acknowledgments of my father's family to him who was the iirst to extend his hand, to otfer hospitality, and to welcome us to our prairie home. I was but a bo}' then, yet how well do I remember the scene when I landed one bright May morning in 1836 within four squares of tiie spot where we are now assembled. The ground upon which '"mine host'" of theBurtis House has erected this spacious hotel was a corn field, and two cabins below Main street constituted the improvements of tlie embryo "City of Davenport;" some half a dozen houses across the river in the then village of Stepuenson marked the spot where now stands our twin sister city. The booming ot the morning gun from Fort Arm- strong warned the red man that Uncle Sam's troops were in pos- session of their island home, and assured the pioneer of protection and safety. The daily movements of noble steamers upon the bosom of our majestic river told us that the way was opened to immigration; while the unclaimed acres invited the husbandman to one of the finest soils ever warmed by the sun of heaven. Need we wonder that the old chieftain, Black Hawk, and his noble band refused to yield up the country to their white breth- ren? Can we blame them for clinging to this lovely spot, and for lingering around tiie graves of their dead? HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 495 O'er the fate of the Indian, The Great Spirit has cast The spell of the white nuin, His glory is past. While we may not stay the arm of destiny that is tast sweeping away the aborigines of this continent as a distinctive race, we may question the poiicj'that would exterminate them, and should throw the broad mantle of charity over their acts. Wiiile bounteous nat- ure had done fully her share in making this country an inviting field for the immigrant, it required the genius and enterprise of man to develo]) its resources and plant its towns and villages. Towns in those days were laid out with reference to natural advan- tages ])resented by the ^rississi])pi River and its tributaries, and hence every spot of ground along tlie river above high water mark (and some below) was surveyed, platted, pictured, and named. I will not undertake the task of recalling tlie names even of all the early cities in Scott County, but I must not pass in silence the contest for supremacy between Davenport and llockingham. The history of this struggle for the county seat of Scott is so tVesh in my memory that I can almost hear one of the " old guard " singing — Here we are, a happy, happy band, On the banks of Rockingham. Davenport claimed the seat of justice, because of her central local- ity, her high and dry site, her beautiful surroundings, and her many other natural advantages, which we all now concede and realize ; while Rockingham expected to become the great centerpot of com- merce in consequence of the rich trade that was destined (as she supposed) to flow from the fertile valley of Rock River. No one in those days expected to live long enough to see the iron horse flying over the Western ])rairie with its freights of human life, rich merchaiulise from the East, and the still more valuable jiroducts of the West. Our ideas about traveling and commerce had not ad- vanced beyond a light drauglit steamer and John Frink's mud wagon. The wisdom and foresight of the statesmen of Illinois were directed to producing slack water navigation in Rock River, and a very decided amount of capital, energy and enterprise was devoted to building up Rockingham, in order that she miglit reap the benefit of the prosperous trade about to be opened with the Suckers in the rich valley of that river. 496 HISTORY OF SCOTr COUNTY. Who among you, recollecting the incidentot those stirring times will ever forget the first coiiatj-seat question? Certainly not the prominent actors on either side, many of whom are with us to-day? The " border ruffians " of Missouri did not originate the idea of invading an adjoining territory in order to help their friends at an important election; nor can Mr. Calhoun claim to be the first man to record names whose owners were not at the ballot-box. We had a "border" and a " Delaware crossing " long before Kansas was thought ot, and, to use an expression of one of my pioneer friends, there was some " tall doings " on our borders and on our crossings. The suckers furnished a goodly number for both parties, but the delegations from ''Snake Diggins " and Moscow (the former headed by a two-fisted miner, and the latter by the " old bogus coon") in- creased the population of Scott County in one da}^ to a number that astonished the unsophisticated, and threatened the depopulation of some of our sister counties. The result of this election indicated a very respectable population in the county in point of numbers, and proved that Davenport had colonized the most votes. The returns were made to the governor, who refused to issue a certificate, in consequence of alleged illegal voting, and the Legislature again provided for anotlier election, and that the result should be recorded on the records of the com- missioners of Dubuque County. The election came olf, and Rock- ingham claimed the victory, while Davenport declared the whole thing was illegal and void. From the popular arena the contest was tranferred before the commissioners of Dubuque County, thence to the courts, thence to the Legislature, and finally back to the ordeal of " popular sovereignty." Immediate preparations were made for another struggle, and now three or four different points were brought before the people tor the prize. Rockingham saw that she stood no chance in a triangular fight with her old competitor, and at once determined to form an alliance with another rival candidate located near the mouth of Duck Creek, so that the last contest was really between Davenport and the Duck Creek cornfield. The records of this county show that Davenport was triumphant, and the question was thus forever settled. During the time of the contest for the county seat, an event transpired which must not be omitted in speaking of the history of our settlement. A dispute arose between the State of Missouri and the then Territory of Iowa as to the boundary line between HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. 497 them, and so determined were the authorities on both sides to ex- orcise jurisdiction over the disputed territory that it resulted in what is known to the old settlers as the " Missouri War." Tiie sheriff of a border counti' in Iowa undertook to enforce the collection of taxes in the disputed territory. He was arrested by the authorities of Missouri. The executive of Iowa demanded his release. It was refused; and to rescue this sheriff, Governor Lu- cas ordered out the militia, and called for volunteers. " My voice is now for war," was the patriotic response of every true " Hawk- e^'e."' The county-seat question was forgotton in the more impor- tant duty of driving the invaders from our soil. Davenport and Iiockino;liam men met, embraced, buckled on their armor, and side by side shouted their war cry. " Death to the ' Pukes P " The officers in command held a council of war, and it was decided that Davenport should be the headquarters of the Scott County army, in order that the troops might be inspired by the sight of old Fort Armstrong, and at the same time occupy a position so near the fort that a safe retreat would be at hand in case of an attack from the eneaiy. The question of boundary was subsequently submitted .to the Supreme Court of the United States, and the disputed territory given to Iowa. At the commencement of the year ISJ-O, this county contained about 2,500 inhabitants, of which number about 500 resided in Davenport. To-day your county boasts of a population of 30,000. and this city claims 8,000 of that number. In 1840, at the head of the Rock Island Ra])ids, on the spot where now stands the city of Le Claire, with a population of 25, 000, grew a dense forest. In 1840 the fertile, beautiful ])rairie8 of old Scott were lying undisturbed by the husbandman; to-day they are teeming with industrious, happy owners of the soil. In 1840 there was but one steam-engine in operation within the bor- ders of your county, and that one was at Rockingham. To-day you may count them by liundreds along the bank ot your river from Buffalo to Princeton, on our prairies, and in our groves. In 1840 every face you met was a familiar one, and the greeting a greeting of recognition. To-day the oldest inhabitant hardly knows his next door neighbor. In 1840 it took from three to five days to go to Chicago, and 13 to New York. To-day the lightning train puts you in Chicago in eight hours, and in New York in 40. H'.-re followed an eloquent tribute to George Washington, whose birthday the association was honoring by this celebration. 498 HISTORY OF SCOIT COUNTY. The Hon. James Grant, Ciiairman of the committee, proceeded to read the following toasts : 1. Washington — No nation can claim, no country can appro- priate him to itself. His fame is the common property of patriots througlioutthe civilized world. 2. The Early Pioneers of Scott County — The hardships and privations of a frontier life justly entitles them to the esteem of all those who enjoy the fruits of their early struggles; their pos- terity shall rise up and call them blessed. 3. The Pioneer Dead — May tlieir names be preserved, their hardships remembered, and memories cherished by their survi- vors, by their descendants, and b}- all who enjoy the goodly heri- tage to which the}' lead the way, — To which the Hon. James Grant responded. 4. The Star of Empire — When in its western progress its rays- of light fell on the virgin soil of Iowa, a new destiny was conceived, which in its birth, like the " Star in the East," has brought forth its wise men to worship. Responded to by Rev. G. F. Magoun. The following beautiful poem from the pen of Miss Mary E. Mead, an-old settler by birthright, was then read; as it is a pro- duction of much merit and a faithful reflex of pioneer days in Scott County, we give it entire : EEMINISCENOES. As oft, at eve, by firesides bright and warm, Some sailor group are gathered, while they tell Of journeys far, of conflict with the storm, Of dangers they have braved so long and well, So round this ample board we meet to night, And many a tale of olden time recite. • Once roamed the Indian all these vales among, The deer sprang startled from his stealthy tread, The fearful war-whoop through the forest rung. The deadly arrow from its quiver sped ; But now we sit at twilight's soft recline, In peace, beneath the shadow of the vine. If e'er to conquering warrior has been owed The glory of an honored, world-wide name ; If e'er on noble souls has been bestowed That lofty homage which is truest fame; If e'er in historj-'s page or classic verse Our country's Fathers have been justly praised; In humbler strains we surely may rehearse \ O'7'i-^rr/^ ^y^CX'^zi'-^^ 30 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. 601 The deeds of those liy whom our hearts were raised; Who kfi their kindred to return no more, And reared their altars on this wildwood shore. All are not liere: Where sinks tlie emerald wave In long dull surges toward the glowing West Lies manj' a heart as noble and as brave As e'er was laid beneath the sod to rest. They dropped the acorn on the barren glade, At noon we rest beueath the oak-trees shade. We meet again; the scattered band unite In social converse as in days of j-ore ; No! Not as when, within the ruddy light Of oak boughs blazing at the rabin door. We sat and talked the winter night away Till morning streaked the Eastern hills with gray. No more the Red men round our dwellings prowl; No foes lie ambushed in each leafy b)wer; No more the wolf's swift spring or sudden howl Startles the sleeper at the midnight hour; Nor leaping flames before the rapid gale Speed like the waves when wintry storms prevail. From lonely Armstroxo's now-dismantled fort Down the still stream no martial strains are borne; In stately towns where busy crowds resort The cheerful sounds of labor greet the morn ; From happy homes the voice of mirlh floats by. And plashing waves and laughing winds reply. Oft have I heard the times recounted o'er When every cabin winilow was a door; Wh'-n corn was grounil upon a lantern's side. And doors by laich-strings to the timbers lied; Small was the store a lawless horde to tempt, From thieves and robbers happily exempt. Howe'er that be, of this there is no doubt : In those good limes the latch-strings all hung out, And neighboring friend and stranger guest might share The roof-tree's shelter and the simple fare ; E'en now the cabin ten by twelve is seen. Where on a time 'tis said there lodged fifteen! But mingled with these recollections gsy There wakes a sadder, gentler strain for those Who, like some castle crumbling to decay, Were doomed 1 1 ruin when the new arose. 'Tis eve. The stars with silv'ry sheen Rise silently and slow ; 502 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. The pallid moon looks out between, The waves repose below, And not the dipping of an oar Breaks on the stillness of the shore. Was it the whisper of the breeze Sighing among the tangled grass? Was it the moaning of the trees When far above the storm clouds pass ? Oh no; in silence still and deep The tiniest flower is lulled to sleep. But there are sounds, I hear them now, They swell along the plain ; 'Tis not the murmur of the rill, "Tis not the dash of rain; And can there be a foot so light To stir the rusiling leaves to night? There is, along the slant hill-side, Where darksome foresis bow. Singly the dusky figure glides ; Look ! you can see them now, Pause! 'tis a band of Indian braves Who co;ne to seek their chieftains' grave?. Disturb them mt, as silently These well known paths they trace ; Not long among us may there be Remnants of that old race. They fade as fades the morning ray Before the glowing eye of day. A little time they linger here L'ncared for and unknown. To shed a solitary tear O'er comrades lost and gone; Silent and sad they gather round Some lonely, uudistinguished mound. Hark! all of the solemn woods along, A soft and sadder lay. As if some heart in plaintive song Would pour itself away. Lisl! while the mournful cadence swells Clear as the tone of evening bells. Still roll the river waves as blue As when we launched the bark cano?. Or when we plied the d pping oar Beneath the shelter of the shore. Still sings the lark a welcome guest; HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. 603. Still folds the dove hor wings to rest; Still the green iircUing forests spread Their boughs as widely overheiul. But 'neath their shadow now, alas! No more our bounding warriors pass Silent where once their Ibotsteps fell. Land of our birth, farewell, farewell. Soft echo answers to the trembling lay ; 'Neath heavy shadows glides the group away. Oh kindly sun ! oh soft, benignant day ! At thy glad dawn the darkness takes its flight, The sombre hues of twilight melt away, .\nd sunlight bathes the Eastern hills with light. So smiled the morn witli beauty all aglow On this fair hnd some tweuty years ago! Paint the light blushes up the dewy skies, From cot and couch the cheerful dwellers rise; The cabin windows open, wide fly the doors, The frugal wife brings out her garnered stores; The gleeful children, with their sun-browned hair, Forsake the house and sport in open air; While soon, — ^the duties of the morning done, — Some stripling youth, with ready dog and gun. Roams through the woods if haply he may bring From its far heights the wild bird on the wing; Or, ' mid the rustling forest chance to hear The short, shar|) panting of the startled deer. And proud, though weary from the chase may bear Back to his cot the noon and evening fare. One seeks in pastures for the truant cow. Another yokes the cattle to his plow, Or marches slow the well trained pair beside; Plain wagon seats were then no bar to pride — Well was the place of coach and four supplied. So glides the day until at eve they meet, Children and sire, each in his 'customed seat. While plenty smokes up n the cheerful board, And clear, cold wine the sparkling streams alVord. Well the day's ventures do the hours beguile, The dullest face oft wears a gladsome smile. Now blue-eyed " baby " sings her.^elf to rest, Safe cradled in an ancient lidless chest. Hark from the farthest corner " Charlie's" call For " Pa " to make a rabbit on ihe wall. Then comes the time for little hunter " Ben ; " To-day he surely found a lion's den. But closed are " Allie's " eyes, her drooping head Finds the soft pillow of her Utile bed. The hours pass cheerily till all softly creep 504 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Away to childhood's light, unconscious sleep, — And starlight, peeping through the half-closed door Kisses the sleepers on the cabin floor. How fled the years in humble scenes like these, With much to sadden, more, far more, to please ! And who shall tell, that in this later day — When life has grown more earnest and less gay — A richer pleasure through its current thrills Than in those cots among the breezy hills? Simple their joys, their daj's in quiet spent, Hope for a watchword, for a shield, content, Till slow at length beneath their forming blows A garden from the wilderness arose. Lo! As we gaze along the slender piers Which bear aloft the lengthening arch of years; As we retrace the first faint morning ray And glance, rejoicing, to the noon-tide day, Glad hopes, bright visions o'er our bosom throng And the full heart finds utterance in song. Oh noble West! oh mighty West! Oh ever bright and free. Thy prairie.s b}' the breeze caressed Roll wave-like as the sea, And through the long and tangled grass The sunbeam's golden fringes pass. Thy streams are like the streams of time, Their source we cannot see; We only hear the water's chime Break low and musically; And hear the plashing waves, like rain, Dash on the shore, then sink again. No pilgrim comes with weary feet O'er many a desert mile. His prayer or promise to repeat Beneath some sacred pile; Nor counts the solitary hours Beneath a city's ruined towers. But in this world so fresh and young. Which, like the goddess from the foam. To life full grown aL,d radiant sprung, Lies that dear spot, our home. And 'round its portals, Love and Truth Shall wind the wreathes of endless youth. Hushed is the song ! a sadderstrain were not for hours so bright ; Only the calm clear voice of Hope should whisper here to-night; Glad faces are around us, sweet tones upon the air, HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 605 And the glance of fond affection meets our greeting everywhere. There are blessings Irom the aged, kind wishes from the young, And joy, her rosy radiance has o'er our gathering flung. We will hail the fleeting moments where the Past and Present -stand ; One with a darksome cypress wreath, one with a snow-white wand. We will hail the glorious Future with her cup of bliss untried; We will hail the white-winged maiden ITope that blushes at her side. And the rich delicious Present shall trip rejoicing by, As lightly as the winged wind across a Southern sky. But tears are quivering on the moistened cheek, .\ glance on lips receding track we cast; Our voice is mute, our lips refuse to speak, Our hearts o'erflow witli memories of the past. Oh friends of old 1 we meet again to-night. Our hopes and wishes as of yore to blend ; Thus will we keep the links of friendship bright. Thus will we journey onward to the end ; And hand to hand in cordial greeting pressed. We'll breathe a blessing on the glorious West! SECOND ANNUAL MEETING. The second annual meeting of the association was held in Le Claire Hall, Davenport, Monday, Feb. 7, 1859. The treasurer's report was read, showing tiie expenditures to the amount of $158.20, and credits to the amount of $132.90, leaving a balance due treasurer of $25.30. The reports of various committees were received, one of which reported the names of inany of the pioneers of the county. On motion the following named officers were continued for tlie year 1859 : Antoine Le Claire, President; £. S. Barrows, Cor- responding Secretary; John L. Coffin, Recording Secretary. Tlie president then appointed acoinmittee to report vice-presidents and treasurer. The committee reported as follows : Ebenezer (^ook, G. C. R. Miller, Henry C. Morehead, Charles Metteer, Jabez A. Birchard, John Coleman, Lemuel Sumtners, Jesse R. James, Alex- ander Brownlee, Warner L. Clark, Vice-Presidents; James Mc- Cosh, Treasurer. SECOND ANNUAL FESTIVAL. The second annual festival of the association was held at the Bnrtis House, Tuesday evening, Feb. '22, 1859. 506 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. At an early hour in the evening the old settlers commenced to gather at the house, and employed themselves in social conversa- tion and inquiries until 8 o'clock, when the association was called to order by the president, and Willard Barrows then de- livered the annual address. The members of the Young Settlers' Society were admitted in a body to listen to the address, after which they retired. A large number of toasts were read and re- sponded to, and all enjoyed themselves as only pioneers can. THIEP ANNUAL MEETING. The third annual meeting was held at Le Claire Hall, Monday, Feb. 6, 1860. Section 4 of Article V. of the constitution was changed so as to read as follows : " All persons who were residents of Scott County on or before the 31st day of December, 1840, and who have since become non-residents, may be elected honorary mem- bers in the same manner as provided for in the election of mem- bers. " A committee was appointed which reported the following named officers for 1860 : Ebenezer Cook, President; Willard Barrows, Corresponding Secretary; Alfred Sanders, Recording Secretarj'; George L. Davenport, Treasurer; D. C. Eldridge, James Grant, J. E. Burnsides, Edward Richer, John Evans, T. C. Eads, Samuel Little, L. C. Chamberlain, David Sullivan, Rodolphus Bennett, Vice-Presidents. Alfred Sanders was selected to make the annual address. THIRD ANNUAL FESTIVAL. The third annual festival of the association was held at the Burtis House, Wednesday evening, Feb. 22, 1860. The day was ushered in with rain and closed with rain. The roads were almost impassable, and the walking wretched. Notwithstanding, a large assembly gathered, including a number of ladies. The at- tendance from the country was necessarily limited, but still a few were present who came a long distance over muddy roads. At 8:30 o'clock the doors of the great dining-hall were thrown open, and the pioneers entered and seated themselves. In the absence of the president, Judge Grant took the chair. After passing a complimentary resolution to the retiring officers, Al- fred Sanders, the orator of the evening, was introduced, and de- HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 507 livcred an excellent address. An adjournment was then had for halt an liour to permit tlie tables to ha spread for supper. After supper many toasts were read and responses made, wliich ended the tliird annual festival. FOURTH .\NNtJAL MEETING. The meeting was held Monday, Jan. 7, 1861. H. B. Finley, chairman of the committee appointed to obtain the names of pioneer settlers, together witli those that have died, reported that as far as the committee were able to ascertain, the total number of old settlers, or citizens of Scott County prior to Dec. 31, 1810, was 948, of which number 187 were dead. A ballot was taken for president of the association when D. C. Eldridge received a majority of the votes cast, and was declared elected. A committee appointed for that purpose reported the remaining officers as follows: James Thorington, Enoch Mead, John K. James, James McCosh, E. S. Morey. J. W. Wiley, John Friday, A. H. Davenport, Waldo Parkhurst, II. Brown, Vice- Presidents; N. M. Rambo, Recording Secretary; W. Barrows Corresponding Secretary ; Israel Hall, Treasurer. FOIRTH ANNUAI. FESTH'AL. The festival was this year lield in Le Claire Hall, but the attend- ance was so large as to require the use also of Armory Hall. The evening of Friday, Feb. 22. IStil, was the date selected for the festival. At an early hour the old settlers began pouring in, and long before the hour appointed for opening tlie proceedings every seat in the hall was tilled, a large proportion of the assembly being ladies. On the raised platform was a substantially built log cabin, four or live feet high, constructed in the real old-fash- ioned log-cabin style. It was the work of an old settler — Mr. W. Peter Hall. On another part of the platf )rm was a monument about eight or ten feet high, painted to resemble marble, on a granite base. It was to tiie memory of the pioneer dead of Scott County, and on its several sides were inscribed tlie names of the departed pioneers, classified according to the years of their death. It was tastefully decorated, and all united in admiration of the idea and the manner in which it was executed. Mr. Willard Barrows was the designer. At 7:30 P. M. Mr. Cook, President, called the meeting to order and tlien delivered his retiring address, handing over the ensignia 608 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. of his office (a large gold-beaded cane) to his successor, D. C. Eldridge, Mr. James Thoriiigton representing Mr. Eldridge in his absence and responding to the address. Mr. Tborington introduced the oratur of the day, Hon. James Grant. After the address the assembly rose to their feet and sang " Auld Lang Syne." They then proceeded to the hall for supper, which had been prepared by Daniel Moore, an old settler. There were about 300 sat down at the table. A divine bless- ing was asked by Elder James Rumbold. After all were satisfied a number of toasts were read and responded to. The company then returned to the hall and spent the time till 2 o'clock in con- versation, singing and speaking, when they adjourned. SPECIAL MEETING. At a meeting ot the old settler's held Sept. 26, 1861, at Judge Grant's office, the question whichhad long been agitated of erecting a monument on some lofty eminence overlooking the city of Dav- enport, on which should be inscribed the names of all the old set- tlers, again arising, it was resolved that it should be done, and for that purpose a committee composed of the following persons was selected: From Pleasant Valley — J. A. Burchard and G. G. Hyde. Le Claire — A. H. Davenport and James Jack. Princeton — Giles M. Pinneo and R. I'ennett. Winfield — H. H. Pease and Alex. Brownlee. Allen's Grove — Johnson Mars and Lewis Fuller. Liberty — Peter Goddard and John Trucks. Cleona — John Olds. Hickory Grove — Phillips Baker and John Porter. Blue Grass — Charles Metteer and Robt. Wilson. Buffalo — W. L. Clark and James E. Burnsides. Rockingham — E. Mead and John M. Friday. Davenport — W. Barrows, D. C. Eldridge, Harvey Leonard, Robert Christie, James Grant, Jos. A. Le Claire and James Mack- intosh. The committee was instructed to report as early as next annual meeting. Mr. Willard Barrows was chosen chairman of the committee, and requested the gentlemen composing it to meet on the next Saturday, Oct. 5, 1861. Association adjourned. HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. 509 FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING. The fiftli annual meeting of tlie old settlers of Scott County was held Dec. 14, 1861, at Le Claire Hall, President D. C. El- dridge in the chair. Willard Burrows, from Committee on Monument, made a re- port and exhibited three designs, and asked for further time, which was granted. The resolution in regard to chiinging the time of holding the annual festival was called up by W. Barrows, and after some dis- cussion was changed from the 22d of February to the 2d Tues- day of January; The time of holding the annual meeting was changed to the 2d Tuesday of December. The election of officers being in order, Willard Barrows was elected President for the year 1SG2 ; David Miller, Laurel Sum- mers, John Willis, Phillips Baker, Roswell Spencer, D. B. Shaw, Alex. Brownlee. James Grant, Charles Mitteer were apjxjinted Vice-Presidtnts ; Corresponding Secretary, D. L. McKown ; Treasurer, Israel Hall. Toast Committee — Add. H. Sanders, John P. Cook, and D. P. McKown. Committee on Orator — James Grant, A. Sanders and Enoch Mead. Meeting adjourned. FIFTH ANNUAt. FESTIVAL. The tifch annual festival of the Pioneer Settlers Association took place at the Le Claire Hou-e Jan. li, 1862. On account of a heavy snow storm and severe cold weatiier the attendance was much sra-iller than at any previous meeting It was, however, a joyful meeting of old time ac(iuaintances, and all seemed to re- joice in the festivities of the occasion. At 7:30 o'clock President D. C. Eldridge called the meeting to order. Judge Grantthen roaii a letter from Willard Barrows, Presi- dent-elect, dated Washington, D. C, in which he asked the Judge to act for him on the occanon, as business would detain him from honiH at that time. Accordingly, after a few remarks, the presi- dent delivered the society's cane to his successor. The miniature monument used the preceding year stood on the left of the speaker, with an increase of 11 names since the last meeting. 510 HISTOEr OF SCOTT COUNTY The president then intro luced the orator, Hon. John F. Dillon, who occupied the attention of the company about one hour, to the edification of all, after which the company enjoyed themselves in social knots till supp3r was annuunced, there being tliree tables, with 65 at each ; divine blessing was asked by Rev. Mr. Pala- morgues. After supper and the toasts the company adjourned to the parlors, and closed the evening by singing Auld Lang Syne, Dixie, Star Spangled Banner, etc., then adjourned to their homes in the best of humor with themselves and everybody else. SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING. The sixth annual meeting of the Pioneer Settlers Association was held Dee. 9, 1862, in the office of John L. Coffin. In the ab- sence of the President, Ebenezer Cook was chosen president pro tern, there being no vice-presidents present. The meeting proceeded to elect the officei-s for the following year. John Owen was elected President for the year 1862. The fol- lowing members were elected Vice-Presidents : W. L. Cook, John Evans, Enoch Mead, Henry Morehead, James Brownlee, Samuel Little, Rodoliihus Bennett, Johnston Maw, Phillips Sinter, and Jiihii L. Davis ; Corresponding Secretary, Alfred Sanders; Recording Secretary, D. P. McKown ; Treasurer, Israel Hall. D. P. McKown gave notice that he would introduce an amendment to the amended constitution to change the time of festival trom 2d Tuesday of December to 22d of February. Committee on Monument allowed further time. On motion meeting adjourned. SIXTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL of the Pioneer Settlers Association of Scott County. The heavy rains of the daj' or two previous seemed to doom the annual festival a failure, until the brightening sky, towanl noon on Tuesday, gave more cheering encouragement. The roads were in such a bad con- dition that it was evident that nothing less than the energy of old settlers could overcome the miles of mud that intervened between the homes of the pioneers and the parlors in which they were to cono:regate. All doubts and fears vanished with the arrival of the hour for assembling, and before the hour for supper was announced a large number of smiling faces of " auld lang syne " were animated infriendly converse. An hour spent in pleasant chit-chat was suc- ceeded by a promenade to the supper table. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 511 The seated guests were called to order bv the retirino; president W. Barrows, who introduced John Owens, the president elect, and delivered to hiin the insignia of his office. The annual address was then delivered by Hon. James Thoring- ton, after which the divine blessing was invoked by liev. Father Pel- aniorgues, and the company proceeded to discuss the merits of the splendid supper prepared by Dr. Burtis, and served under the su- pervision of Capt. Johnson. Supper over, the regular toasts were announced by Alfred Sanders. The festival, as a whole, was a com- plete success in all its arrangements. The monuHient to the departed, so conspicuously placed in the dining-hall, bore the names of the following who had died during the year : J. T. Lindsey, A. W. McLoskey, James Mcintosh and Mrs. A H. Sanders. SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING. The seventh annual meetiiigof the Pioneer Settlers' Association of Scott Count}', Iowa, met Dec. 8, 1863, at the office of George L. Davenport, and in the absence of the president, D. C. Eldridge was called to the chair. During the meeting the president appeared and took his seat. Election of officers being in order, James M. Bowling was elected President. The following gentlemen were elected Vice-Presidents : Levi Blackman, Wm. L. Cook, Wm. Van Tnyle, A. H. Davenport, Phillips Baker, H. H. Pease, Robert Humphry, Edward Recker, Dr. IT. Brown, and G. L. Davenport Alfred Sanders was elected Corresponding Secretary and D. P. McKown, Recording Secretary', and Israel Hall, Treasurer, after some further business the meeting adjourned. SEVENTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL of the Pioneer Settlers' Association of Scott County. A very de- cided moderation of the intense cold of the preceding da^'s of tlie new year, a clear sky, and good sleigliini; united to stimulate the interests of the old settlers in their annual re-union, and the assemblinor at Le Claire Hall on the second Tuesdav evening of January, 186-t. of a much larger number of the honored pioneers of Scott County than at any y)receding antiiversary since the first, at the organization of the association, was tlie result. As the companj' gathered together the ha]>py greetings and j)lea8ant conversation of olden times (the most attractive features of these anniversaries) were heartily indulged in. 612 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. On the calling of the assemblage to order, the valedictory ad- dress of the retiring president, Mr. John Owens, was delivered by John P. Cook, who did it in a very happy manner and trans" ferred the insignia of the office to the newly elected president, Mr. James Bowling, wliich was accepted in behalf of Mr. Bowling by J\id"-e Grant, who expressed Mr. Bowling's desire for tlie continued prosperity of the association. The annual address was delivered by E. Mead, of Rockingham, which was very interesting and closed with well digested sketches of tiie history of the ''pioneer dead" of the past year. The follow- ing are the names whicli were placed on the monument in the hall: D.E. Fuller, J.Coleman, C.Friday, E. Alvoid, J. Condit, I. K. Barkley, 1. Brown, T. Wood, Mrs. E. Carroll, Mrs. A. Par- melee, Miss Ellen Craig and Mr. H. S. Blackman. After a song by the Glee Choir an adjournment was had to the Slipper room, where about 200 guests sat down to an excellent repast. Among the ornaments of the tables was a veritable " log cabin, a model in all save the chimney." "We have only to add that the whole affair was one of the most interesting of all the social re-unions of this organization, and the company separated at 2 o'clock A.M., well pleased. ELGHTH ANNUAL MEETING. The eighth annual meeting of the Pioneer Settlers' Association was held at the office of George L. Davenport, Dec. 8, 1864, President James M. Bowling in the chair. At this meeting Harvey Leonard was elected President and the following gentlemen Vice-Presidents : James McCosh, Jonathan Parker, Charles Metteer, Capt. W. L. Claik, James Robinson, Laurel Summers, E. S. Wing, Giles M. Pinneo, Johnson Maw and George B. Hawley; Alfred Janders was elected Corresponding Secretary, and D. P. McKown, Recording Secretary. Israel Hall was elected Treasurer. EIGHTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. Tlie eighth annual festival of the Pioneer Settlers' Association was held the second Tuesday of January, 1865, at the Pennsylvania House, corner of Fourth and Iowa Sts. Osying to the absence of the secretary no report was made. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 513 NINTH ANNUAi MEETING. The annual meeting of the fioneer Settlers' Association of Scott County was held Dec. 12, 1865, Vice-President James McCosh in tlie chair. The first business was the election of olHcers which resulted in the election of James McCosh fur President. The following were tiien chosen for Vice-Presidents : Phillip Suiter, Capt. W. Gabbert, Samuel Little, John K. James, Ed- ward Ricker, John J. Tracks, IT. H. Pease, R. Bennett, George L_ Davenport and Daniel S. llawle}'. Hon. James Thorington was elected Corresponding Secretary, D. P. McKown, Recording Secretary, and Israel Hall, Treasurer, after some further business the meeting adjourned. NINTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. This festival was a most glorious aifair, a large crowd of enthusi- astic old settlers, good speeches (short ones), good address and tirs'-rate supper. The festival was again held at the Pennsylvania House. The host surpassed all former efforts to please and satisfy. The Rev. Mr. Hitchcock, of Moline, an old time resident of Davenport, delivered the address, whicli was listened to with inter- est by all who could possibly crowd into the large parlors. Mr. Hitchcock's speech on this occasion will not be forgotten until all have passed away. All went home resolved, if spared, to meet again. TENTH ANNUAL MEETING. Pursuant to notice the tenth annual meeting of the Pioneer Set- tlers' Association, was held in the office of George L. Daven- port, the 11th day of December, 1866, President James McCosh in the chair, who called the meeting to order. Election of officers resulted in electing Israel Hall, President. The following were elected Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year: Ed. Ricker, John K. James, Phillip Suiter, J. V. Campbell, Adam Donalson, E. S. Barrows, R. Bennett, James Quinn, George W. Parker, Caleb Dunn. D. P. McKown re-elected Secretary; Charles H. Eldrid^'C, Corresponding Secretary; and B. S. Glaspell, Treasurer. After some other business, the following resolution was read and adopted: 514 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. . Resolved^ That the "Pioneer Settlers' Association of Scott County " is not a political organization, and we request that here- after nothing political be brought into our social gatherings. Adjourned. TENTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. The Pioneer Settlers' Association held their tenth annual " visit " at the Pennsylvania House, the second Tuesday in January, 1867. The meeting was one of the most successful that has ever been held. The weather was favorable for the attendance of the coun- try members. Two hundred and forty tickets were sold, to say notli- ing of the liberal number ot invited guests. The exercises were commenced in tlie spacious hotel parlors, which had been appropri- ately decorated for the occasion, at 7 o'clock. President McCosh taking the chair. The meeting being called to order, the choir rendered some beautiful music, sifter which Judge Grant brought up the subject of the " Pioneer Picture," a beautiful cluster pho- tograph ot 318 old settlers, that had been ordered at the previous annual gathering. Tlie Judge spoke in terms of highest praise of the execution of the work. He thought Mr. Day was entitled to a vote of thanks by the association, if, indeed, he had not earned a more substantial token of their regard for the way he had per- formed this work. The original ])icture which had been arranged and labeled by Mr. Day had been presented by him to tlie society, for the purpose of being handed over to tlie State Historical Soci- ety. It was also recommended that copies of this picture be framed and presented to the sister societies of the counties of Rock Island, Dubuque, Des Moines and Johnson. The Judge informed tlie old folks that hereafter the festivals would be furuislied with music by a clioir made up of its own members, to be known as the ''Pioneer Singing Choir." On mo- tion old settlers' pictures were ordered for tiie above named asso- ciations. President McCosh arose and in a few happy and appropriate re- marks surrendered the official cane to Israel Hall, President elect, who addressed the association in a short and appropriate speech, taking tills opportunity to return his thanks for their expression-; of coiilidence and respect, and for their heartfelt kindness and sympathy in the trying hour of affliction and death in his family. He then introduced the orator of the day, Ebenezer Cook, who delivered just such an address as fitted the occasion, relating en- HISTORY OF SCOTT COITNTY. 515 tirely to the early experiences and earnest labors of the early set- tlers — their endurances, energy, public spirit, preseveraiico under ditiiculties, benevolence, charity and integrity of purpose, and otli'-r traits which ciiaracterized tliose wlio prepared the way for those who came after. Touching allusions were made of the pioneer dead of 1866 — Mrs. C. G. Blood, Mrs. John Coleman and George F. flail. Tiieu followed music, then a few moments' lively chat, then the supper, which the host had set out in most tempting array. That very agreeable part of the festival having been ver^' satisfactorily concluded, the parlors were again tilled and the regular toasts were responded to. This closing the regular programme of the evening, the old settlers then resolved themselves into a committee of tiie whole for the laudable purpose of indulging in a free and easy way of disposing of tlie balance of time on hand. And every body voted the festival a perfect success, and went home happy, lioping to enjoy many more of the same sort. ELEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING. Pursuant to public notice the eleventh annual meeting of the Pioneer Settlers' Association was held at George L. Davenport's office, Dec. 3, 1S07, President Israel Hall in the chair, who called the meeting to order. On the election of officers, James Grant was elected President; D. P. McKown, reelected Recording Secretary, and Charles H. Eldridge, Corresponding Secretary. Barton S. Gaspell was elected Treasurer. Tiie following gentlemen were elected Vice-Presi- dents : Judge William L. Cook, Horace Bradley, D. B. Shaw, Moses Parmelee, James Robinson, Jabez A. Birchard, Johnson Maw, George W. Parker, John P. Cook and George N. Pinneo. On motion meetin? adjourned. ELEVENTH ANNIVERSARY. Upon former occasions the society had been having such a large attendance that the want of room was a great annoyance. This year the Executive Committee, to avoid this trouble, secured the use of the German Theater building for the iioldingof their festival. Fortunate was it they did so, as the immense gathering that as- sembled within its walls would have' over-crowded any of the hotel accommodations. 516 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. At an early hour in the evening the reception-room and large hall began to till with old settlers, who came prepared to have a pleasant time, and they were not disappointed. Upon the stage was the raonimientof the society, upon whicli appeared the names of the deceased members for the pa?t year in the following order : Mrs. Charles Leslie, A. Milo "White, Mrs. Thomas B. Armiel, William Rumbold, Mrs. Sunuel Freeman, Louis Herbert, Irad Noble, Mrs. Erastiis Downey, Mrs. J. W. Beard, Mrs. Ciiarles H. Eldridge, William Grant, Willard Barrows, William Camp. At 7:30 the chair was taken by Israel Hall, President, who called the association to order, and delivereil the valedictory, and transferred the presidential cane to his successor, Judge Grant. President Grant, upon receiving the cane, made a very appro- priate but short speech, and wound up b}' a tribute of respect to Willard Barrows as follows : A few days ago Mr. Willard Barrows, the founder and honored jiresiding officer of this society, passed from among us. His in- dividual e.lForts have done mure to perpetuate our name and e.xalt our hearts than the combined efforts of the whole of us. We deplore his death, we honor his name, we cherish his virtues, we will perpetuate his memory. President„Grant, in a few complimentary remarks, introduced the orator of the evening. Dr. P. Gregg, of Rock Island, Presi- dent of the Old Settlers' Association of Rock Island County. For more than half an hour the Doctor entertained his attentive audi- ence with reminiscences of old times. The stories and jokes with which the speech was sandwiched kept the audience in the best possible humor. After further remarks from different members, supper was announced at which some 250 persons sat down. Then came the regular toasts. It was now midniglit and, on motion, the old settlers adjourned, all no doubt feeling gratified that they had joined the merry crowd, and with the wish that they might all meet again one year hence. TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING. Pursuant to notice the Pioneer Settlers' Association of Scott County, Iowa, met at Geo. L. Davenport's office, Dec. 8, 1868, and in the absence of the President, Judge Grant, Judge W. L. Cook, first Vice-President pi-esided, who called the society to order. ^qJ^(^/-^,^^ _^/^^/C^y /' HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 519 After some further business the election of officers was in order and resulted in the the election of Jonathan Parker as President for the year of 1869. The following; gentlemen were elected Vice-Presidents : Hon. James Tlioringtoii, W. L. Cook, George Hyde, John L. Coffin Enoch Mead, Caleb Dunn, Wm. Suiter, Robt. Wilson, E. Bennett, Wm. Riggs, John L. Trux, and H. H. Pease; D. P. McKown was re-elected Secretary, and Gen. Add. H. Sanders, Corresponding Secretary. Barton S. Glaspell was re-elected Treasurer. After some further business, the association adjourned to meet again at the festival on the second of January next. TWELFTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. The Old Settlers' Association of Scott County, those remarkable men and women of the early days of the county, with a liberal sprinkling of their sons and daughters, born previous to 1S41, to- gether with a few invited guests, assembled at the Newcomb House on the 2d of January, 1869, in accordance with their an- nual custom, for the purpose of enjoying a hearty visit all around, reviewing the scenes of the past, and partaking of the annual re- past. Promptly at 1 o'clock a large number were present, and for an hour or more the greetings and handshakings were carried on vigorously. The faces of the aged seemed to brighten up with youth; and the deeds of to-day were laid aside to recount the in- cidents of 30 years ago, every ])art of the county was well rep- resented. The latch-string was hung out in truh' original style — the thoughtful proprietors of the Newcoinb having erected a rustic cabin door at the entrance of the liall loading to the parlors, the lintelsof which were grotesquely decorated with coon and fox skins in accordance with the custom of early days; and as the old folks entered in thereat, the memories of the rustic cabin home of many a year since formed a pleasing incident. From the parlor wall, and enwreathed with evergreens, hung the customary memorial tablet on which was inscribed the names of Vincent Carter, John Olds, T. C. Eads, David Miller, James Eumbold. Jr., Lucien Sulli- van, Nelson Swartwout, Mrs. Robert Ciiristie, Joseph Gaymon, Mrs. Maggie Telfair Smith, Dr. W. W. Parker, Leonard Cooper, and George Humphrey, 13 of the early settlers of the county, who j)assed away in the year 1868. Another frame contained the cluster photographs of a large number of the early settlers, and both 81 520 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. during the evening were the objects of constant reference, and many eyes grew dim while gazing at the former, and many hearts asked themselves who will be next. Sociability having prevailed undisturbed until lialf-past eight, Judge Grant, the retiring president, invoked order and the sd- ciety cane was passed to the venerable Jonathan W. Parker, Presi- dent-elect, on whose part the Judge proceeded to deliver the an- nual address, in which he gave partial biographical sketches of the deceased pioneers of the past year. He paid a touching tribute to them all in his closing remarks, and passed on to notice the peculi- arities of pioneer life, making happy allusions thereto, much to the editication of the old folks; after which the valedictory was pro- nounced and the newly elected president took his seat. Mr. Parker was the oldest man in the association, being 83 years of age. He then proceeded to deliver a short inaugural, he said he was no speech-maker and would leave that toothers better qualified, Thus ended the business proceedings. Another hour of chatting and then the 200 pioneers and their invited guests marched in order to the dining-room, where was spread forth in great profu- sion a mo.'t sumptuous repast, ready in all its rich variety for earnest discussion. The spacious hall was beautifully decorated, and in one corner was penned up two beautiful deer; a primitive log-cabin in miniature was suspended against the wall; an antlered stag's head stood forth in another direction; stuffed specimens of bear and catamount stood around the hall. The supper was magnificently served. Dishes of buftalo, elk, deer, bear and 'possum, with every luxury of the home market, graced the tables. The entire subject was ably handled by tlie pioneers. The active duties of supper over, then came the toasts and responses, which were all in excellent taste. The assembly tlien joined in singing "Oft in the Stilly Xight." It was nearly 1 o'clock and the festival was at an end, and with happy hearts tlie old folks sought tlieir homes. PICNIC. During the summer the association held a joint picnic with the Rock Island Association of Rock Island, where Rev. Wm. A. Spencer, of Rock Island, delivered an excellent address. At the conclusion of the address, Mr. Rollin J. Wells, of Henry conn- tv, Illinois, delivered a short, creditable poem " To the Island," which was followed immediately by dinner, which was a credit to HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 521 those who got it up. After dinner a call was made for some of the old-time favorites, and the conapauiouabie jovial fellows of early times to regale the assembly with anecdotes of old days. Jacob Norris, of Rock Island, was called for and responded in two hu- morous stories. Mr. Phillip Suiter, of Davenport, made a touching and eloquent address. Mr. ilitchcock, of Moline, related some pleasant reminisc-nces. Dr. Gregjr filled a short speech full of the funniest kind of fun. Mr. Blackmore, of Davenport, sang a comic song. The afternoon was delightfully passed and at half-past three the roll was sounded to return home, which was done inform- ally and jovially. At the conclusion of dinner Mr. P. B. Jones, of Davenport, got the whole company in a group under the trees, and with a stereoscopic instrument took a view. They all sat them down on the grass or reclined on one another's shoulders, and otherwise arranged themselves in a graceful and natural »roup, the result was a tirst-rate negative. THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING. The thirteenth annual meeting of the Pioneer Settlers' Associa- tiijii of Scott County was held at the office of George L. Davenport, Dec. l-t, 1SG9, at 2 o'clock, the president, Jonathan Parker, in the cha'r. In the absence of the secretary, Lsoiuird Ilarvev was ap- pointed secretary jy?'o tern. After the reading of the minutes, the election of officers was en- tered into, which resulted in the election of Charles Metteer for President, and the following named gentlemen forVice-Presidents : D. B, Shaw, John Willis, Jesse L. Henley. Isaac Glaspeli, Wm. S. Collins, Jabez A. Birchard, Johnson Maw, Austin Campbell, Levi Chamberlain, Levi Blackman, Laurel Summers and Caleb Dunn; Secretary, D. P.McKown; Corresponding Secretarv, Jaimss Thorington, and Israel Hall, Treasurer. Tiie association adjourned to meet the second Tuesday in January at the Old Settlers' Festival. THIRTEENTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. On the evening of Jan. 11, 1870, despite the rain, which had been falling all day, and the muddy streets, a large party— some hundred and fifty ladies and gentlemen — assembled in the spacious parlors of the Xewcomb House to participate in the thirteenth annual festival of the Pioneer Settlers' Association. The surround- ing country was well represented. The guests commenced arriv. 522 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. ingat at 6 o'clock and all seemed disposed to have a good time. At 8 o'clock the president, Jonathan Parker, took the chair, and the exercises commenced with the singing by the Old Settlers' Choir of " When Old Friends Meet Together." After which Ebe- nezer Cook announced that owing to sickness the president-elect, Charles Metteer, would not be present, and that the vice-presi- dent, D. B. Shiw, would assume the chair. The retiring ].)resident then presented tlie "Pioneer Cane" to Vice-President Shaw, with a short valedictory, after which a letter was read from the president-elect, saying that he very much re^ gretted not being able to be with them inbodj-, though he was in spirit. After manj^ expressions of friendship and good wishes fur their future welfare he closed by saying, " That through the kind- ness ■ if Providence, he hail been already permitted to more than fill the score alloted to man's existence, and therefore could not hop'i to participate in many more of their pleasant re unions, which had been such a pleasure to him on previous occasions. But whether he were ever permitted the pleasure again or not, his prayers would be t'ov their prosperity ; and his wish was that they might so live that at the last the Great Master might say : ' ' Well done good and faithful servant." After another song the annual address was delivered by John P. Cook, and was listened to with close attention. The spe:Aker al- luded to the organization of the society and its first festival on Feb. 22, 1856, upon which occasion he delivered the first address. He spoke of the changes that had taken place in county and city and among the inhabitants since that time. He wound up with a tribute of respect to the dead of the past year, of which there had been 13 ; the following are the names : Wm. Hobson, J. E. Owens, Mrs. Robert Noble, Judge Donaldson, Mrs. J. M. Parker, Mrs. Maria J. Leonard, Mrs. Fanny A. Hopkins, Mrs. Shue, Mrs. J. E. Bornberg, Dr. J. M. Witherwax, Josiah Scott, Wm. Hopkins, and Mrs. Parmela Ann Find. Steadily but surely the early settlers are passing away. At the close of the address the whole company rose and joined in singing " Auld Lang S>'ne," after which they formed in procession and marched to the dining- room. The table fairly groaned under the good things, as also no doubt, afterward, did those who showed their appreciation of the host's efiorts by partaking so ]:)lentifully of the tempting viands placed before them. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 523 After the feast came the toasts, after which the company re- paired to the parlor, where some time was spent in social conver- sation ; then all dispersed to their homes, well pleased with the entertainment. During September, 1870, the old settlers of Rock Island and Scott met on the island for their annual picnic. The weather having threatened rain in the forenoon there was not so many as was expected. But there was a jolly set of old friends wlio made light of rain clouds, and everything passed oft to the entire satis- faction of all present. Hon. E. Cook presided in the absence of the president, Charles Metteer. Bishop Lee delivered a good address and there were some volunteer speeches. FOURTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING. At the annual meeting of the Old Settlers' Association, held at the office of George L. Davenport, on Tuesday, Dec. 13, 1870, John P. Cook was called to the chair and John L. Coffin, secretary pro tern. Tlie death of the president of the association was an- nounced. The election of officers was next proceeded with, Dr. E. S. Barrows was unanimously elected President. The following named gentlemen were elected Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year: B. S. Gaspell, George L. Davenport, Wm. Van Tuyl, ilev. Enoch Mead, George Hyde, Caleb Dunn, John M. Friday, Capt. F. M. Suiter, Rodolphus Bennett, George L. Bowling, Capt. Leroy Djdge and M. M. Pease. D. P. McKown was electedjRecording Secretary, James Thorington Corresponding Secretary and Israel Hall Treas- urer. After some other business the meeting adjourned to meet at the festival the second Tuesday in January, 1871. FOURTEENTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. The fourteenth annual re-union of the pioneer settlers of Scott County took place at the Newcomb House, Jan. 10, 1871. At an early hour tiie members of the association began to assemble, and very soon the parlors and halls of the hotel were thronged with gentlemen and ladies. Cordial greetings were the order of the hour, a general good feeling seemed predominant. Many venerable persons were present, among whom were: Mrs. Margaret, relict of 524 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. the late Antoine Le Claire, Mr. and Mrs. Birchard, Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan Parker, Phillip Suiter, Adam Noel and others. In the hall was displayed a pyramid bearing on one side the inscription " Oar Dead, " on the reversejside appeared the names of the pio- neer dead of 1870. The following are the names: Alfred White, Mrs. Margaret Fleintning, Mrs. Sarah A. Lindsy, Mrs. Hester Sampson, Andrew Logan, Mrs. Strong Burnell, George "W. Fish, Charles Metteer, James McGuire, Mrs. Dapro, Mrs. Lyman Smith, and A. E. B. Hall. At 7:30 o'clock the meeting was called to order by Hon. Ebenezer Cook, who appeared with cane in hand, and spoke as follows: " For the first time in the history of the association, the president has died during his term of office; Charles Metteer is dead. He has spoken his last words to you. He has closed his accounts upon earth, and is with his God. The duty has been devolved upon me to stand here in his place, to call the association to order, and to transfer this cane, to the President-elect, Dr. E. S. Barrows, whom we have all known from the beginning of the settlement of this county. "To you, sir, I transfer this cane, the symbol of authority of this association, well knowing tliat it will be in worthy hands, and by this token declare you president of the association." Dr. Barrows then received the emblem and made a few appro- priate remarks, in acknowledgement of the compliment of being chosen president, and then introduced Jabez Burchard, who de- livered tiie annual address, which was excellent and listened to with deep interest. Upon the conclusion of the address the company engaged in social converse until 10 o'clock, when supper was announced; about 150 persons sat down to supper. When the assembly was seated the president called upon Rt. Rev. Henry AY. Lee, Bishop of Iowa, who returned thanks to the Giver of all good. The tables were fairly loaded with good things, to which all paid the highest respect. When the eatables were disposed of toasts and responses were then in order. Shortly past midnight the members of the association dispersed to their respective homes, having had a most happy and agreeable re-union. FIFTEENTH ANNUA I, MEETING. Pursuant to regular notice the annual meeting of the old settlers of Scott County, Iowa, took place at the office of George L. Dav- HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 525 enport, on Dec. 12, 1S71, at 2 o'clock P. M. The President, Dr. E. S. Barrows, called the meeting to order. The time having arrived for the regular election of officers to serve during the ensuing year, tlie following were duly elected by ballot : President, W. L. Cook; Vice-Presidents, G. L. Davenport, D. C. Eldridge, H. G. Stone, P. Suiter, Harry Morehead, W. L. Clark, J. K. James, Frank Bennett, Johnson Maw, George B. Hawley and John "Willis; Recording Secretary, C. H. Eldridge; Corresponding Secretary, James Thorington; Treasurer, Israel Hall. After appointing some committees the society adjourned. FIFTEENTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. The Scott Count}' Pioneer Settlers' Association held their fif- teenth annual festival at the Newcomb House, Jan. 9, 1872, and it was one of the most interesting re-union in the society's history. The members began to assemble at 4 o'clock, but it was not until nearly 6 that any lariie number gathered. The three parlors be- held a scene of social enjoyment not often surpassed in interest anywhere. In the west parlor iumg a frame, bordered with crape, which contained tiie names of IS members of the association who had died during the year 1871, and whose names are as follows: Thomas Jones, Leroy Dodge, Jabez Birchard, Ebenezer Cook, James Davenport, Rodolphus Bennett, Alanson Noble, Michael Cooper, William Wilson, Isadore Dapron, James Jack, Mrs. Isabella Wallace. Mrs. Cliarles H. Eldridge, Mrs. Ephraim Lane, Mrs. William II. Gabbert, Mrs. J. M. Dunn, Miss Lucy Campbell and Mrs. Milo Pollock. The exercises opened at 7 o'clock, at the call of President Barrows, and with the singing of the sonar *'How Sweet it is to Meet Again." Afterward Judge Grant introduced a resolution which made all the members of the Rock Island society honorar}- members of this association, with a cordial invitation extended for all the years to come to its re-unions and festivals, which resolution was unanimously adopted. The inauguration of the President-elect, Judge William Cook, then took place. President Barrows delivered an address full of interest. After another song President Cook thanked the association for the honor conferred on him by his election, and then made appro- priate remarks of a general character. An eulogy of the pioneer dead was then delivered by Judge Grant, which made a deep ira- 626 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. pression on his audience. A song was sung and another social hour followed. The oldest people present were Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan Parker, who were born in 1786, and had been married 63 years. They came to this county in 1838. The person who had lived longest in the county present was Mrs. Marguerite Le Claire, she having come in 1833. A song ended the parlor social and the banquet was announced, at which all did ample justice, after which came the toasts and re- sponses. The finale came. " Auld Lang Syne " and " Oft in the Stilly Night " were sung by the assembly, the good-byes spoken, and the fifteenth festival was a thing of the past. AXNUAL PICNIC. On the forenoon of Sept. 18, 1872, about 125 of the men and women who settled Scott County years ago assembled in front of Morrison & Glaspell's store on Brady street, and in their own carriages and buggies, headed by Luppy's band, proceeded to the government bridge, and thence to their annual picnic grounds on Eocklsland, there they were joined by the Old Settlers from Rock Island. There were over 300 persons present. The weather was cool and the wind high, but the picnic in the forest was thoroughly enjoyed, and the day wes a happy one for all who participated. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING. The annual meeting of the Pioneer Settlers' Association was held Dec. 10, 1S72, in George L. Davenport's office. President Wm. L. Cook in the chair. At which meeting Dr. James Hall was elected President, and James Thorington, W". L. Clark, John M. Friday, P. Suiter, H. Morehead, Johnson Maw, George B. Hawley, C. T. Myers, Geo. L. Davenport, Robert "Wilson, John Trucks and Geo. W. Parker were elected Yice-Presidents; Israel Hall was elected Treasurer; Charles H. Eldridge, Recording Secre- tary, and James Thorington, Corresponding Secretary. W. L. Clark moved tliat the time of holding the annual festival be changed to the first Wednesday after the full moon in Septem- ■ ber of each year. The motion was carried with the understanding that it was to be made subject to change, if desired, at the ne.xt annukl festival , but if no action was then had it would be final. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. 527 SIXTEENTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. The organized Pioneer Settlers' of Scott County held their six- teenth annual reunion at the Newcomb House. Owing to a furious storm all the afternoon only about 50 were present, the country members nearly all being absent. Nevertheless the occasion was a happy one. The meeting came to order at the call of the out-going presi- dent, W. L. Cook. Upon the question of changing the time of the annual meeting to September, there was a decided negative; as also that of chang- ing the hour of meeting to 11 A. M. Judge Cook delivered his valedictory address. The Hon. James Grant then delivered the annual address. "Auld Lang Syne" was then sung, and after a season of socia- bility supper was announced, to which the pioneers moved in a body, headed by the president, who took his seat at the head of the board, with the aged widow of Le Claire (the first white woman th:it settled in Davenport) ou his right, and ex-President Cook on his left. The table was beautifully spread for the occa- sion, to which full and complete justice was done all around; after which came toasts and responses, more chatting and singing, and then they all went home in the rain. SEVENTEENTn ANNUAL MEETING. The regular annual meeting of the Pioneer Settlers' Association of Scott County was held at the office of George L. Davenport, on the I'tli day of December, 1S73. In the absence of the president. Dr. Hall, Judge Grant occupied the chair. A communication from Judge Grant and wife, extending an in- vitation to the old settlers to hold their reunion at their home in the future was read and the invitation accepted by the association. The followinjr officers were then elected : President, C. G. Blood; Vice-Presidents, Samuel Parker, W. L. Clark, James E. Burnsides, Johnson Maw, John C. Brownlee, John Bell, Jacob M. Eldridge, George W. Hawley, Horatio Stone, Levi Chamberlain, Philip Suiter and Horace Bradley. Israel Hall was elected Treas- urer, and Charles II. Eldridge, Recording Secretary. SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. The pioneer settlers of Scott County assembled by special invi- tation at the residence of Judge Grant on the evening of January 528 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 13, 1874, to hold their annual festival. There were about 2i)0 present, including a number of early settlers, of Rock Island. They commenced coming in about 5 o'clock, and kept coming until 9. Tiie rooms were crowded with familiar faces, the aged and the middle-aged, the friends of many years. Well- frosted heads were numerous. Three there were who had passed the line of four-score; one had traveled beyond four-score years and ten. In all the meetings of 17 years, a more social and happy gathering of the pioneers has not been recorded. Tliere were constant additions to the gathering until 7 o'clock, at which hour Capt. Clark, of Buffalo, called the association to order and announced that though their President, James Hall, was in the South, he had not forgotten thein. but had seat his valedictory to Charles H. Eldridge, who would proceed to read it, which duty he performed and surrendered the presidential cane to the presi- dent-elect, Dr. C. G. Blood, with appropriate and eloquent remarks concerning the duties devolving upon the presiding officer of the association. Tlie gold head of this cane shows eight panels, in each of which is inscribed the names of two presidents. Thus the panels have been filled, and a wide, gold band has been added to the original head, for the names of succeeding presidents. Dr. Blood's name was the first on the band. Receiving the cane, the Doctor deliv- ered his inaugural. The annual address was to have been delivered by L. Rorer, of Burlington, but he telegraphed that he could not be present. When this was announced there were inimedjate calls for Judge Dillon, who came forward and met with a reception which evinced the high regard, and even affection, cherished for one who, commenc- ing as a pioneer boy, has come to a high judicial position, and is known and honored throughout almost the entire Union. He made a short but good speech, as the applause that followed the address testified. Mr. Charles H. Eldridge then introduced a little matter of busi- ness, and moved that the word " male " be stricken from the clause in the constitution which provides that all "male persons who were residents of the county in or prior to the year 1840 shall be eligible to membership." The motion was carried unani- mously, and pioneer wives and daughters could now become members of the association. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 529 At nine o'clock supper was aunonnced. Small tables and stands were placed here and tliore in the several parlors, and the old set- tlers o^athcred in gronps of four to six about them, while the younger settlers present did themselves the honor of waiting upon their seniors. It was a bountiful and delicious supper throughout, the dishes seemed innumerable; substantials of all kinds, and deli- cacies in endless variety were served. Everybody seemed to have the regular ])ioneer appetite. Supper ended, toasts and rospouses were in order. After the toasts and responses there was another season of sociability. Between 11 and 12 o'clock Auld Lang Syne was sung, and then the partings came. Thus ended a festival which will be a happy memory through the lives of all who attended it. PIONEER settlers' PICNI<\ The annual joint picnic of the Scott and Eock Island County Pioneers took place on Rock Island in September, 1874. There were about 200 present frum Scott County and 100 from Rock Island. At 12 o'clock Dr. C. G. Blood, President of the Scott County Association, called the assemblage to order. The Doctor uttered dtting words of greeting and welcome, after which prayer was offered by Rev. Mr. Finley, of Milan. Then came dinner, after which speaking was in order. The appointed orators of the day were unavoidably absent, and so impromptu speeches were called for. Judge Grant being called he mounted the plat- form with a six months old baby in his arms, and made elo- quent and touching remarks. The babe in his arms was the boy of his youngest sister's son, James Grant Johnson, of Parsons, Kan- sas. President Plilleo, of Rock Island, followed, after which D. Bell, Jacob Norris, Rev. Mr. Caruthers, James E. Burnside, all spoke a siiort time in a very interesting manner. After which John B. Mathews recited the i)i)ein '•Out of the Old House Maggie," in a most expressive and pleasing manner. The then old friends bade one another adieu and, departed for their homes. eiohteentu annual meeting. The regular annual meeting of the Pioneer Settlers' Association was held in the office of George L. Davenport, Dec. 8, 1S74. 530 HISTOKY OF SCOTT COTJNTT. W. L. Clark was called to tbe chair, and in the absence of the secretary, W. S. Collins acted pro tern. He read a list of the officers to be elected and suggested that Mrs. M. A. Sanders be elected Historical Secretary, which was adopted. Jndge Grant pre- sented an invitation for tbe old settlers to again hold their annual festival at his bouse, which invitation was accepted. Tbe election of officers was entered into with tbe following re- sults : President, Phillip Suiter; Vice-Presidents, W. S. CoUinS) W. L. Clark, J. E. Burnside, Johnson Maw, J. C. Brownlee, Dr- J. Bell, J. M. Eldrige, Geo. B. Hawley, H. Stone, Levi Chamber- lain and Plorace Bradley; Charles H. Eldridge, Pecording Secretary; Treasurer, Israel Hall; Historical Secretary, Mrs. M. A. Sanders- Notice was given that resolutions would be oftered at the annual festival to change the date of mambership, and to change tiie time of meeting and of annual festival. On motion adjourned. EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. At the residence of Judge Grant as per notice given at the an- nual meeting a special meeting was called to order for business be- fore the hour for festival, Phillip Suiter in the chair. The secre- tary read a resolution offered, changing the time of annual meeting and festival to the first Wednesday after the full moon in October; the motion was adopted. A motion was offered that the annual festival the next time beheld on the grounds of the Scott County Agricultural Society, commencing at 10 o'clock, and that it be a basket picnic; motion adopted. A resolution was offered chang- ing time of membership, from the year 1840 to the year 1846, the latter year, being the year in which Iowa was admitted to the Union The resolution was laid over for action at the meeting in October. No further business appearing the meeting adjourned. REGULAR ANNUAL MKETING. The regular annual meeting was held October 20, 1875, at the fair grounds. The meeting was called to order by the president, Phillip Suiter. The resolution laid over at previous meeings, rel- ative to changing tiie date of membership was taken up. After some discussion tbe following was adopted : Resolved, That Section 1, of Article V., of the constitution be changed to read as follows : " All persons who are now residents of Scott County, and who were residents of said county on or before HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 581 noon of tlie day on which Iowa ceased to be a Territory, and was admitted as one of the States of tlie Union, or who married persons who were residents as above, and who are of good moral character, are elijjibleto membership," which was nnanimout;l\- adopted. In reference to tlie future annual meetings and festivals it was unanimously left to the executive committee with full power to act. A letter was then read from -ludge Grant in which he ex])ressed his retjrets at not beiu": able to attend their mcetiuir. The election of officers was then proceeded with, which resulted in the election ofW. S.Collins, President; Laurel Summers; James McManus, G. W. Pinneo, II. S. Gabbert, Adam Donaldson, H. G. Stone, James E. Burnside, Alex. Brownlee, Caleb Dunn and Dan- iel Moore Vice-Presidents; Israel Hall, Treasurer; Charles E. Eldridge. Secretary; then there was adjournment to dinner, which was served in the dining hall — a basket picnic. That noontide was a gala hour. After dinner, music b\' the band summoned ail present to the Floral Hall again. The valedictory of President Suiter was next in order. At its conclusion the retiring president bade all hail to his successor, and transferred the society cane to the new president, W. S. Collins, whose inaugural was spicy, cheering and full of encouragement. Some of its reminders of courting practices in days of yore, caused heartiest laughter, and the solemn closing caused emotions of a dif- ferent nature. The next duty was in remembrance of the dead of 1876, and Gen. Add. H. Sanders was called upon to pronounce the eulogies. The General's address was worthy the occasion, and was delivered in a manner that evinced ability as a speaker as well as brilliancy as a writer. Among the dead of the year appears the names of Jonathan and Naomi Parker, who had lived together as man and wife Go years, and died within one month and one day of each other; Mrs. Esther Blood, who was nearly 93 at the time of her death; Mrs. Laura Parmalee and Closes Parmalee, husband and wife, who had lived together 50 years; Mrs. Julia Anderson. Ilufus L. Catlin, Hugh Burnside, Gen. George B. Sargent, Ira C. Van Tuyl. The band then played the air, " Thougli lost to sight to memory dear." President Collins then introduced E. E. Cook, son of one of the l)est known and most able and brilliantof the pioneers, who delivered the annual address, which was delivered with a spirit and earnest- ness which held the closest attention of all the hearers to the end, lifter which Rev. J. H. Sheely and Mr. Boyer made some pleasing 532 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. remarks. Mr. John Mathews, of Pleasant Valley, recited Carle- ton's " Out of the Old House Into the New " with feeling and a pathos that caused tears to flow. Then the president announced that the executive committees of Rock Island and Scott Counties, societies had had a conference, and thought best to recommend a union festival on the 4th day of next July. This was received with enthusiasm. Tiie band played "Sweet Home" and the festival was at an end. SPECIAL MEETING. A special meeting of the Pioneer Settlers' Association was held at the office of Geo. L. Davenport, Aug. 12, 1876, President Wm. S. Collins in the chair. The object of the call was stated, that as no provision had been made for the annual festival, on the ith of July, as had been agreed on one year previous, it was necessary that some action be taken in the matter. On motion it was decided to hold the festival in accordance with the constitution as amended, to wit: On the first Wednesday after the fall moon in October. The meeting adjourned without agreeing as to time of day or place of holding meeting, to meet Aug. 26, to decide. ADJOURNED MEETING. The old settlers met pursuant to adjournment Aug. 26, 1876, President Collins in the chair. The object of the meeting was then stated. It was moved and carried that the hour should be 6 P. M. and that the executive committee be given full power to act in selecting a place to hold the festival; meeting adjourned. TWENTIETH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. The Old Settlers' Association held their annual festival at the new Burtis House. There was only about 50 of the men and women who laid the foundation of tlie city and county ])resent. A couple of social hours were passed in the parlors, after which a business meeting was iield in the dining-room. The president, Wm. S. Collins, was in the chair. The election of officers being in order, William Van Tuyl was elected President. Tlie following gentlemen were elected Vice-Presidents: Horace Bradley, Laurel Summers. Benjamin Johnson, James E. Burn sides, Johnson Maw. G. W. Parker, John Friday, Jacob M. El- dridge. and James McManus; C. H. Eldridge, Secretary, and Israel HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 533 Ilall, Treasurer. Mr. Hall moved that tlio annual meeting for the election of officers be held on the first Tuesday in September, at such place as the executive committee may select; motion prevailed. Secretary Eldridge rea 1 the names of tiie members wiio liad died during the last year, of which there were 13; the following are tlui names: Gen. George B. Sargent, Sarali E. Eldritlge, Os- mond G. ^[clvown, Mrs. Sarah M. Burroughs, Father Pelaniorgues, Electa A. Smith, Roiwell H. Spencer, Mrs. Nancy Smith, Eliza- betli Moore, Mrs. Elizabeth McArthur, Mrs. L. J. Center, Henry Stone and ex-President John Owens. The valedictory of President Collins was now in order. In tlie absence of the president-elect the cane was surrendered ti> Vice-Pres- ident Eldrid;je to retain for him. The retiring president then delivered his parting address, which was very appropriate. Vice- President Eldridge, in behalf of the new Init absent president, tiianked tlie society for tlie honor conferred. Tlie annual address was delivered by W. A. Foster, and was very appropriate and in- teresting throughout; it was replete with eloquence and held the undivided attention of all present. Then followed another social season, after which came supper in the east dining-hall. The tables were laden with good things and the feast was heartily enjoyed. Auld Lang Syne was sung and all proceeded to the parlors, where good nigiits were said with warm clasping of hands, and the festi- val was at an end. TWENTY-FIRST -VNNUAL MEETING. The regalar annual meeting of the Old Settlers' Association was held Sept. 4, 1877, at the office of George L. Davenport. In the absence of the jjresident, ex-President Collins was called to the chair, and J. P. Risley appointed secretary jpro tein. After the reports of the different officers, Horace Bradley was nominated and elected President for the ensuing year. Judge Grant then moved tiiat all the other officers be re-elected, which was unani- mously carried, it was then moved and adopted that the executive committee have full power to select time and ])lace for the next annual festival. No further business, the meeting adjourned. TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL FESTIVAL. The twenty-first annual festival of the Old Settlers' A-«sociation took place at the residence of Judge Grant, Wednesday, Oct. 21, 1877. 534 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. At the hour of beginning the exercises there were about 75 of the old settlers present. The secretary read a letter from Judge Grant expressing great regret that he could not be present on ac- count of a pressing lawsuit at Washington in the Supreme Court. The secretary then read the roll of old settlers who had died during the year. The president assumed the chair at S o'clock, an 1 after the sing- ing of "Oft in The Stilly Night," Mr. William Buyer, of Eock Island, delivered the valedictory for President Van Tuyl, who was unavoidably absent. In concluding he introduced the new presi- dent, Horace Bradley. Mr. Bradley on accepting the cane made a few very a])propriate remarks. The president announced that there were several matters of bu.-iness to attend to. After some discussion it was decided to hold the annual festival earlier in the fall hereafter, and t!ie month of September was selected, the day to be fixed by the executive committee. After extending a vote ot tiianks to Judire Grant for his hospitality, supper was announced, and the whole company sat down to one of the most generous feasts ever known in the history of the society. The meeting broke up at a late hour, closing with the singing of ' " Auld Lang Syne." TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL FESTIVAL. Between 10 and 11 o'clock on the 21st day of September, 1S7S, about 150 members of the Pioneer Settlers' Association of Scott County assembled in the pnrk on the fair ground, with 50 or more 3'oung men and women, their descendants, for their twenty-second annual reunion. President Horace Bradley in the chair. After an hour of social greetings, tlie election of offi_'ers for the ensuing year was held, whifli resulted as follows: James E. Burnside, President; Alibone Morton, Levi S. Chamberlain, IraF. Smith, A. J. Hyde, C. M. Pinneo, Johnson Maw, Henry Gabbert, Philip Baker, W. L. Clark and Enoch Mead, were elected Vice-Presi- dents; Charles Eldridge, Secretary ; and Israel Hall, Treasurer. The president-elect was conducted to the platform by Judge Grant and Squire Baker, and President Bradlej' surrendered the historic cane to hira. Then all adjourned to dinner, whicii was enjoyed in picnic style, — some in the dining-hall, some in the park, and all happy. After dinner President Burnsides delivered an off-hand inaugural address, which was full of reminiscences of 40 years ago. He thanked the association for the honor conferred /^ M-' HISTORY OF SCOTT COtlNTT. 537 upon him, after wliicli Sscretary Eldridge read the roll of the dead of the past year, 30 in all, the longest list of any year since the society b^gan. The choir sang "Gathering Home," then their were addresses from Judge Grant, George Mixter and Dr. Gregg, of R >ck Island, and others. Soon after the entire com- pany joined in the singing of "Auld Lang Syne," shook hands all 'round, and the re-union was at an end. TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL FKSTITAL. The twenty-third annual meeting of the Pioneer Settlers' Associa- tion was held on the fair ground Sept. 24, 1879. Owing to the heavy storm ot the day before and the cliilly forenoon of the day of meet- ing there were not as manj- present as usual. President James E. Burnside called the meeting to order. After tiie secretary had read tlie minutes of last meeting, the election of oiEcers took place as follows: Enoch Mead, President; A. Mor- ton, George B. Hawley, Henry Gabbert, Johnson Maw, W. L. Clark, A. H. Davenport, Levi S. Chamberlain, John Lambert, Randolph Sry, and Capt. W. H. Gabbert, were elected Vice-Presidents; Israel Hall, Treasurer, and Charles H. Eldridge, Secretary. Cajit. Gabbert was appointed a committee to conduct the presi- dent-elect to the chair, which he did, whereupon President Burn- side resigned the presidential cane to Mr. Mead. TWENTY- FOURTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. On the evening of Wednesday, Sept. 22, 1880, the Old Settlers' Association met at the hospitable abode of Judge Grant and wife to hold their twenty-fourth reunion; it was the third time that they had enjoyed the warm-heartedhospitality of the Judge and his fam- ily, who made everybody feel at home and happy. The business meeting was called to order about 7 o'clock by President E. Mead. The choir then sang "The Old Folks at Home," after which the election of officers was held, and resulted in the election of Johnson Maw, President, and Israel Glaspell, George B. Hawlev, Ilenr}- Galbert, Robert Fleming, "William McGennis, Levi Chamberlain, John Lambert, Vice-Presidents, Israel Hall, Treasurer; R. S. Sinetiiam, Recording Secretary; Cor- responding Secretar}', Charles II. Eldridge. Saon after the election came the inauguration and President Mead delivered tlie official cane to President Maw with a neat ad- dress, in which he called to mind the fact that the cane was made 32 538 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. of Scott Couatj hickory, and the panels of its gold head, engraved with the names of the presidents who had carried it, was made by one of the early settlers who is still in business in Davenport. Mr- Maw accepted the cane. Then followed a social time for an hour, in which there was abundance ot merry greetings of old friends, The oldest resident settlers present were Mr. and Mrs. D. C. El- drido'e and Mr. and Mrs. Van Tnyl, who came here in 1835, and Mrs. Adam Noel, Mrs. C. Paden, Phillip Suiter, L. S. Chamberlain and Charles Eldridge, who came in 1836. At 10 o'clock supper was announced and the Judge said that the first china he had ever used in housekeeping would be spread on one of the tables; also his first set of chairs would be set at the ta- ble. These were to be filled by Mr. and Mrs. Eldridge, Mrs. C. Paden, Mr. and Mrs. YanTuyl, Phillip Suiter and L. S. Chamber- lain. The attendance was unusually large, there being nearly 200 present, causing the necessity of setting the tables the third time. The tables were furnished with dishes the pioneers were familiar with in the old days, and everything choice which the market affords in these later days. After the adjournment from the supper table a resolution ot thanks to the Judge and family for their hos- pitality and kindness was passed. During the evening there were several short addresses, and the universal verdict was that a pleas - anter reunion of the old settlers had never been held, and everyone went home feeling that it was good to have been there. Mr. Phil- lip Suiter, who only wanted 31 days of being 81 years of age, walked from Le Claire, a distance of 1-i miles, to attend this meeting. The meeting closed by singing " Auld Lang Syne." TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL FESTIVAL. The twenty-fifth annual festival of the Pioneer Settler's Asso- ciation met at the St. James Hotel on the evening of the 26th of October, 18S1. The day was gloomy and the roads were in a fear- ful condition, so that the attendance of old settlers living at a dis- tance in the country was not to be looked for. But a few did arrive in spite of the threatening weather and bad roads. There were about 100 present and a very social and pleasant time was passed. The meeting was called to order at 8 o'clock by Mr. "William S. Collins, the president, John Maw, being absent. The choir of the Christian Church then sang, "Way down upon the Swanee River " in a most charming manner. The first business was the election of officers, which was entered into and resulted in the HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 539 election of Daniel Moore as President by acclamation. George Hawley and J. M. Eldridge having been appointed a committee for the purpose, now presented the president-elect to the acting presi- dent. William. S. Collins, wlio presented to him the pioneer cane, the time-honored stati of oftice, with a few appropriate remarks. Israel Hall was re-elected Treasurer ; Charles H. Eldridge was re-elected Corresponding Secretary, and Riciiard Smethara re- elected Recording Secretary ; D. C. Eldridge and George Hawley were appointed a committee to select Vice-Presidents for the en- suing year. They reported the following gentlemen : Isaac Glas- jell. George B. Ilawley, Henry Gabbert, Robert Fleming, William McGinnis, Levi S. Chamberlain, John Lambert, after whicli the choir sang "Come Silver Moon " and " Oft in the Stilly Might." Then came the magic word "Supper," and the old settlers of Scott County sat down to a really elegant and satisfying repast, to which they devoted themselves with great assiduity, showing that of whatever else time may have bereft them he had left them good appetites. So well was the society pleased with their enter- tainment that a vote of thanks was tendered Gough B. Grant, landlord, for their entertainment, atid also to the choir of the Christian Churcii for their sweet music discoursed during the even- ing. After this nothing remained but to sing " Should Auld Ac- quaintance be Forgot," and disperse to face the chances and changes of another vear. CHAPTER XIT. REMINISCENCES. In this chapter are given a few reminiscences of the pioneers of Scott County. Where tlie historical committee diflered with the writer, corrections are made by foot notes. BY J. E. BURNSIDE. I was i)orn in Greenbrier County, in the State of Virginia, on the 10th day of April, 1813. My father moved from Virginia to Logan Co., Oliio, in 1816. When I was 20 years of age I left Ohio, in 1833. I stopped at White Pigeon, Mich., and remained there three years, during which time I built me a saw-mill and ilouring-mili, and married my present wife there. We were married April 9, 1835, and in June, 1836, I started West again to find me another home farther westward. There were three of us started together. We started on horse- back; sometimes we traveled 30 or 40 miles before we could find a place to entertain us. We had a map and compass to travel by. We crossed the Mississippi River at Flint Ilills, now known as Burlington. Then we traveled 10 days southwest of Burlington, in Black Hawk Territory and Northern Missouri. There we ran out of ]ir(ivisions, and turned our course up the Mississippi River to Buffalo in Scott County. Tlienoe we went out to Cedar River, and took up claims and ran out of provisions again; had nothing to eat but strawberries, which grew wild. Then we started back for home. We came back to Buffalo, 10 miles west of Davenport. At that time Captain Clark kept the only ferry boat on the river between Burlington and Du- buque. AVe landed back in Michigan sometime in July; had a hard trip of it. We thought sometimes the Buffiilo guats would eat us u|) We got home all right. I then made up my mind to go West, and sold my mill property and rigged up an ox team of three yoke, and put them to an old Pennsylvania wagon which was called "prairie schooner." I (540) HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 541 loaded in three barrels of flour and one of spring wheat, probably the first spring wheat brought to Iowa Territory. It was what we called tiie old bald wheat. I hauled it 500 miles by land, and sowed it iu the spring of 1837, and raised 75 bushels of good wheat. This gave me a good start in spring wheat. I left Indiana on the first day of September, 1836, and landed at Buffalo that same fall. W. L. and Perry Clark, who were both small boys then, ferried me across the river safely. They understood their business well. I moved out to Cedar County; settled on Sugar Creek, six miles below Tipton. Tiiere were four families of us that hail moved tliere at the time. Shortly after there were 10 or 12 moved near us. Altogether there were about 18 families of us that wintered in Cedar County in the winter of 183(5. That was a ver^- hard win- ter for us; the snow fell about 16 inches on a level and laid on un- til the first of March. We had put up a goodly quantity of hay, as it was all we had to winter our stock upon ; but in the latter part of November the Indians set fire out in the prairies and it came through our settlement and some of our settlers lost all their hay, others part of theirs, so we did not have enough to win- ter our stock, and the cattle got so poor that some of them lost all their hair, and some of them got so poor that the wolves ate them up alive. Some of the families sullered f>r want of provisions. Teams got so poor that they could not travel and the snow so deep that some had to carry baggage and produce on their backs. I will next say that when I landed in Cedar County I drove my wagon in the timber which was all the house we had for three weeks. We built our fire against a big log and did our cooking and wash- ing, so that I and my men could put up hay before the frost w-ould spoil it, after which we would build a house to winter in. I will now relate a little circumstance that took place: We had to go a half a mile for water for use. One morning while I was very busy preparing material for building and getting up our hay before the frost would spoil it, my wife said she must have some water hauled before we went to work, as she must do some washing for the baby. So I sent a man to draw the water with a team from the creek, with some old barrels. Ue came back and the barrels were leaking out the water very fast. So my wife got vessels to put under the barrels to save the water, and fretting about the new home, etc., after which I went off about a half mile to mow, and she went to washing. In the course of about two hours I heard 5i2 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. some one holloing, and listening I learned it was my wife. I knew there was something the matter so I dropped m}' scythe and broke for the wagon, still hearing the holloing. I did not run far until I was sure that it was my wife and that there was trouble, so I put in my best licks in running through the gra>s and weeds, which were as high as my head. When I got in sight of her she had run a quarter of a mile from home through the grass and weeds and old logs till she came to a leaning tree wliich she had climbed and her scream was " Indians! IndiansI I " When I got close to her I asked where the baby was. Her reply was, "O Lord! I never thought of the baby." I never stopped to help her from the tree but dashed ahead making some tall strides until I arrived where the baby was left, and found it all right sit- ting up in the old board cradle; my wife gut down Irom the tree and followed me. When she got back to the wagon I was holding the baby and rejoicing for its safety, for I was most certain the In- dians had stolen it. When my wife got bvck she was very much exhausied but soon recovered enough to tell me the trouble. She had been busy washing over the tub, not thinking of Indians. All at once she chanced to look up, and there stood two Indians close behind her with their guns on their shoulders. As she started to run the Indians did also, but in the oppDsite direction. The last she saw of them was their guns glittering in the grass. After we had got over the scare my wife went to work and read over the law to me in this style: " As sure as there is a God in heaven, if you do not go to work and build a house, and that right away, I will leave and go back home.'' This I thought was strong law but I knew I had to obey tiiis time, so I went to whetting my ax, and in four da^'s we built a house, as good a one as was in Cedar County at that time. That year the Indians would stop very often to get something to eat, but were friendly when treated properly. My wife was so much afraid of them that she would take her babe and go with me out to the timber where I was making rails and stay all day. In tiie spring of 1837 I moved from Cedar County to the place on which I now reside. In the winter of 1836, I hauled all the timber for the first steam flouring mill built in Scott County. It was built by John Sullivan, in Rockingham, in the year 1837. I tlien went and hauled wood for Antoine Le Claire twomontiis; I lived with him during the time and I could never recompense HISTOEY OF SCOTT CODNTr. 543 him for the favors he bestowed upon me. I shall ever revere his memory. I had to work with my team to get something to live on ; my wife stMj-ed in Cedar County while I was thus engaged. I took a load of ])rovisions out to Cedar Coujity every two or three weeks to keep mj' family and some others alive ; I thought sometimes we would not be able to live through till spring, provisions were so very high and scarce. Flour was from $15 to $20 per barrel ; corn meal, from $6 to $7 per barrel ; bacon, 25 cents per ponnd, and the ribs in the sides at that ; corn, $1.00 per bushel and frost bitten at that. Our living was corn bread and poor, lean beef, and no grease to grease the skillet, so you may form some idea how we lived in this then new country. The first preacher stationed in Scott County was Rev. Braise; First Presbyterian ])reacher was Enoch Mead, now residing in Rockingham township ; the first church in the county was built in Rockingham. The tirst little grist-mill was built on Crow Creek, by Davis and Hastel, and an awful thing it was. I got seven bushels of corn ground in it in one night and staid all night with a hoop-pole dig- ging the meal out of it. The first frame house was built by B. "\V. Clark, in 1S35 ; first frame barn, by J. E. Burnside, in lS3t* ; first post offices established were in Buffalo and Davenport in 1836. The first postmasters were B.' W. Clark, of Buffalo, and Aiitoine Le Claire, of Davenport. Some two or three other olfiees were established the same year. The first store in the county was opened at Buffalo, in 1835. The first cook stove was pureiiased Iw B. W. Clark, of Buffalo, in 1834. The largest settlement in Scott County in lS35-'36 was Buffalo townshi]) and Rockingham. The largest settlement in the State was at Dubuque and Flint Hills, now* Burlington. The first reaping machine was brought to Scott County by R. S. Baker and J. E. Burnside ; it was the old McCormick reaper. The first threshing machine was bought by Robert S. Baker and J. E. Burnside. The first land in market was in lS39-'40. When I came here first, we called this country the Black Hawk territory, or the Black Hawk purchase; some called it the God-for-saken place, and I don't *A mistake, as Horace Bradly built a frame bam for B. W. Clark in 1837.— Ed. 6M HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY know but tlie last appellation was about as appropriate as any of the names ; as there was nothing here but Indians and wild beasts, the wolves would howl around our shanties all night and frequently take our pigs and poultry. Wild game was abundant, consisting of deer, wild turkeys and geese and ducks. I had two men living with me wlio killed 110 deer in less than two months ; they sold them at $1.00 apiece and did well at that. I helped build the first log cabin in Davenport after the town was laid ofi". have seen Davenport grow up from a tenantless wilderness inhabited by Indians to a mighty city. I labored hard here for li years, and when gold was first discovered in California I concluded to try my luck in that country. I started for that country in the spring of 1850; went by land, came back by water. I was 75 days crossing the plains, and 75i days returning by water. I came from San Francisco to Panama; then crossed the isth- mus to Shagres; then took a steamer for New Orleans; there changed my gold dust for coin, and took a boat for my home in Scott County, where I landed on the loth day of November, 1850. I made the whole trip in seven months and thirteen days; the quickest trip that had ever been made from Iowa. I worked 1-i days in the mines; had eight men under my em- ploy; gave them each $8 per day. 1 took out $7,350, and con- cluded to let well enough alone, so I then started for home. AVe were 47 days on a sail vessel crossing the Pacific Ocean to Pan- ama; were ship-wrecked b}' a storm, then were on allowance 20 days, during which time our condition was very unpleasant. I will now say I have lived in Iowa H years, and have been in all the States in the Union except five; have been in all the large cities of the United States, and will now saj' if you will stick a stake in the city of Davenport and tak>3 in 20 miles around the city of Davenport, or make it 40 miles, it can not be ex- celled in the United States; and I doubt if it can be beaten in the world. And Davenport's growth the past 40 years I fancy will give us but a faint idea of what it will be 40 years hence. While it numbers its thousands now, it will then reach its hundreds of thousands. BY JAMES BROWNLEE. We left Scotland March 31, 1826, and landed in Canada about the middle of May the same year, and continued there chopping HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. 545 farms out of the woods until 183S, when we got very much dissat- isfied with British rule in tliat province, and after miicli tlionght we cancluded to turn all that we owned into money and seek a home in the United States, somewhere in the far West. Accord- ingly, toward the end of June, 1838, with all that we owned turned into money and clothing, our destination being the southern part of Illinois, we started up the Ridua canal and Lake Ontario, and landed at Queenstown, and had quite a tussle with the Canada authorities before we could get across the river (that was the year of the McKinzie rebellion), but finally succeeded in shaking off the dust from our feet against both British and Canadian rule for- ever. As soon as we got across, the people — our new friends — all seemed so friendly that we felt as if we had got home. Just at this time a very fine, grave-looking old man stepped up and said, "I will take you up to Buffalo in time for the boat,"' but as we were abouf to finish the bargain, a wicked-looking sinner came up swearingand said: '-That old Presbyterian, deacon though he be, will leave you on the road halfway there. You old rascal, you know that you are going to cheat these people. I will take you half- way for half the money and that is all that he will do." However, we felt religiously inclined and so concluded to go with the deacon; but sure enough he did leave us half way and comforted us with a lie, saying that he was coniR-cted with the railroad and that the train would be along soon and take us to Buiialo. The train did come along and took us too, but we had to pay our own way. This was our first lesson in Yankeedom. Next day found us on Lake Erie celebrating our first " Fourth of July," between Buffalo and Cleveland, where we landed that night and engaged our passage next day on the canal for Purts- mouth, on the Ohio River. We were nine days on the canal cross- ing the State of Ohio, — rather a slow way of traveling now-a-days. We did not need to stay long before we got a steamboat. We went aboard and set sail for Alton, Ills., where we arrived in due time. After securing a house and making the women and children comfortable Alexander and myself started into the country; after traveling a long time both in the south of the State and up the Illi- nois River, we came back pretty well discouraged, having seen notliiiiir that would suit our idea for a settlement: in the meantime we heard some reports of the Black Hawk purchase as it was then called (now Iowa). We concluded to take a look on the west side of the Mississippi, called at Burlington, stopped a little while there, 546 HISTOEY OF SCO'IT COUNTY. and finally got to Davenport, where we landed on the 25th day of August, 1888, then only a city in prospect, — one small store and one tavern, with two or three board shanties and one log cabin; the tavern contained more people than all the rest of the town besides. This year the Territorial Legislature met in Burlington, 1 think for the first time. There was no land in market for two or three years after we came to Long Grove; the people held their land by claim. After inquiring we found that all the timber along the river was claimed, and the squatters held their claims at such extravagant prices that we concluded not to indulge them in their greed; so we turned our faces to Long Grove; and after a tedious walk (there was no livery stable) through sloughs and \onsc grass (there were no roads) we arrived at our destination, but, behold. Long Grove was all claimed too. Here we found a man and his wife and one child by the name of Elder, from Pennsylvania; and an old man named Alvord, from New York, who had taken chums; and yet another man b^' the name of Coats, who owned a claim, but lived in Davenport, wiio afterward was associated with Davies in the planing-mill business. We next went east to Warren Grove, as it was then called, now Walnut Grove, and here we learned that Coats and a man living in Dubuque by the name of Pease claimed all that grove; then we went up the Wapsie River bottom and found two old bachelors by the name of John and William Quinn, living in a log cabin, seemingly content with their lot, although not witiiin five miles of any neighbors; from there we went to Allen's Grove where we found Allen himself, after whom the grove was named, and a family by the name of Dunn; then to Poston's Grove, where we found the venerable Poston himself, " monarch of all he surveyed." These I believe were all the white people in Scott County outside of the river settlements.* After due consultation we came to the conclusion to return to Davenport and try to buy Coat's claim in Long Grove, as we were pretty sure that lie only held it for speculation. So rather than get into a quari-el with him we concluded to give him $160, which lie readily accepted, and now, according to the law of custom, we owned * There were quite a number of white people at this time living in the settle, ments named, ia addition to which there were many other settlements found in the county n-it mentioned by Mr. Brownlee. See township histories. — Ed. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 547 160 acres of timber In Long Grove and as ranch prairie as wc wanted to claim, for it was only the timber tiiat there was any value in in those days. I think we had neither deaths, births nor marriages witiiin four years after we settled in Long Grove. Davenport was tiie nearest postoffioe and continued so for many years. My brother, William Brownlee, came and settled here with his family, live in number, in 1840, and built the tirst frame building in Scott County outside of Davenport.* Sunday-school and religious services were commenced in 1839) and have been kept np ever since on every Lord's day with but few exceptions, and a Church was regularly organized according to the New Testament plan in 1840. James LJrownlee's house being used for both Sunday-school and meeting-house; al)out two \'ears after, say in 1842, the whole neighboriiood turned out and hauled logs from the Wapsie and built one, wliich was used for a school-house and all kinds of meetings — religions, political and school— for many years. The first regular ])reacher's name was James Rumbold; he was an elder in the Christian Church of Davenport. Tlie first school was opened in 1841, and the name of the first teacher was Kennedy; he was a straight Catholic; he opened an independent school; that is, one on his own responsibility. I think this was in 1841. Tlie price of fiour the first year we lived here was $11 per barrel; pork, $15 per hundred weight; horses, none for sale; cows, $28; po- tatoes, $1 per bushel; but in two or three years after this, when we got something to sell, wheat sold from 30 to 40 cents per bushel; corn, 10 cents; pork, 75 cents per hnndred; eggs, 3 centsper dozen; and all this must be payed in what was called in those days store pay, out of the store. If calico was 30 cents per yard or sheeting 20 cents, it made no difierence. As to local government we did not have much, and indeed did not need much, for the neighbors were i'ew and very friendly, much more so than they are now; but if some ill-disposed person did happen to come in among ns he was disposed of in this way . A meeting was called and two or three appointed to notify the ])erson that he must not be seen in tiiose parts after a certain date. That *Mr. Brownlee is mislaken, as at this lime there were hundreds of frame buildings in the county. This house was probably the firs-t in Long Grove — Ed- 548 HISTORY OF scorr county. generally proved effectual, and under these circumstances the taxes were light; the whole taxes for a family owning or claiming a quarter section of land with a goodly amount of stock would be from four to five dollars per year; however, it took considerable planning and scheming to raise even that amount. The land I think came in market in 1840 or '41. That was qiiite an exciting time for it was reported and generally believed among the settlers that speculators were coming from the East to bid off all the good farms, and to overcome this trouble they all combined together and chose one man to bid off all the settlers' lands, and the first man that made a bid that was not authorized was to be arrested and put under guard until the land sale was over. This answered the purpose; the settlers ail got their lands It did not benefit them much after all, for many of them had to borrow money at 40 and 50 per cent., which some of them were never able to pay. As to the climate, I do not think there has been any perceptible difference during the 40 years that we have lived here. And as to the game, the prairie chickens were verj' plenty. We used to catch them in traps by the bag full, and quails were equally plenty; the deer likewise were plenty; I have seen as high as 20 in one drove; there were also some wild cats and plenty of prairie wolves, who were very destructive to both our sheep and poultry, especially the former. And as for the Indians, we have frequent visits of goodly num- bers of tliem, but they were always civil until the night before they were going to leave; then we had to watch our corn cribs. Having concluded to make Long Grove our future home, we set about getting a place that we could live in througli the winter. Accordingly we went about finding a team toliaul out some lum- ber, and Mr. Dillon (the present Judge Dillon's lather), who had just arrived a short time before to make a home like ourselves, willingly consented to take out a load of lumber, and with that and some logs we built a house, which we lived in through the winter ; and after going to Illinois for a cow and a yoke of oxen, and fixing up things generally, brother Alexander started down the river for the family, who were still in Alton, and left me to look after the claim, and that was the sorriest time in all our travels. He left for Alton Oct. 15, and expected to be back in two or three weeks, but I never heard a word of them until the day before Christmas ; just about the time they ought to have readied HISTORY OF SCOIT COUNTV. 549 Davenport there was a stcuinboat sunk on the rapids and I naturally concluded that they had gone to the bottom of the river with that boat ; but on the day before Christmas three covered wagons landed at Lmg Grove, with the women, children and all the outfit. The reason of the delay was, the women and children had been sick and could not be moved because there was so much ice in the river that the boat had to unload at Warsaw, which com- pelled our folks to either stay there all winter or hire teams to bring them on, which latter they did at $3 per day each until they returned. We were now all right, all together, and all pretty well, in our log cabins. BY JUDGE WM. L. COOK. I came to this county from Ontario Co., New York ; it was then under the government of the Territory of Michigan. I started from Xew York in March, 1836, with my family, consist- ing of my wife and two small children. I moved my family and goods by team 100 miles, to the headwaters of the Allegheny River, and there built a raft of pine boards. On tlie raft we built a abin for our habitation. We launched our craft upon the Alle- glieny River on the 26th of A))ril, 1836, and ll jated day after day until we arrived at the city ot Pittsburg, Pa., having traveled on in this manner about 400 miles, we then disposed of our raft and chartered our passage to St. LmuIs ; from there we obtained passage on one of the boats which were employed in carrying supplies to the forts above Dubuque, and when we arrived at Rock Island the captain said he did not know anything about landing on the west side of the river, as no boat as yet landed on that side. Col. George Daven])ort kindly took my family into his house until I could find a way to ship my goods across the river. I found an Indian who had a very small canoe, and Mr. Davenport asked him, in the Indian language, to carry me over to Mr. Le Claire's cabin. We started, and as he was the first of the Western In- dians I had ever seen, I went very reluctantly into his frail canoe, as 1 then thought. The river was very high and I felt there was great danger of leaving us in the river, but we finally landed near where Mr. Le Claire had erected a cabin ; it was built of logs, and stood near the place where the first treaty was held in 1832 or 1S33, and is now occupied by the Chicago «& Rock Island depot. 650 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUXTY. I moved my familj' to the west side of the river about the 20th of May, 1836, and settled on a claim below where the city of Dav- enport now stands. I was then about 32 years old. There were probably 10 or 12 white persons living in this vicinity at the time. The first female born, I believe, was Caroline Friday. Her father and mother landed on tlie west side of the river on Friday. They came from Indiana, and had a wagon, that was then called a prai- rie schooner, large enough for his family and goods. Tlie night after their arrival Caroline was born in their house on wheels. Ellen Cook was born the 6th of August following. The first wedding that I recollect was Cheney Monger and Miss Donaldson. The tii'st death within my recollection was a man from In . diana, with a breaking team, and he was breaking prairie for Mr. Le Claire, near the present site of the new Burtis House and the depot on Perry street. He was taken sick with the bilious fever, and, as he lived in his wagon, no one found him until he was be- yond help. He was moved to a log cabin near where the old Bui*- nell saw-mill now stands, and died soon after. Some rough boards (from his wagon-box I think) were nailed together for his coffin, and we buried him near where the old High School building now stands. There were two or three other deaths that summer, but they were strangers. Our postoffiee was called Farnamburg, and it is now called Rock Island, 111. Dubuque was probably the largest place in this Territory. The first Legislature was held after we were organized in Wis- consin. Alexander McGregor was sent to that Legislature in the year 1837. H. T. Camp was elected to this Legislature and died. In July, 1S37, A. W. McGregor was elected to fill the vacancy, and took his seat at the first session, meeting at Burlington, the preceding session having been held at Belmont, within the limits of the present State of Wisconsin . Iowa Territory was formed in 1838, and the first Legislature was held at Burlington. The State of Iowa was formed in 1846. Originally there were two counties, called Dubuque and Des Moines Counties. The di- viding line extended from the foot of Eock Island in direct line westward through the Territory. HISTORY OF SCO'IT COUNTY. 651 The lirst frame building was raised near where the old Burnell saw-mill now stands. It was a two-story building, and I believe was the first building in the town that burned down. The first Methodist sermon tliat I heard preaclied in this county was in this building betore the lioor was laid. It was preached by the Rev. Elnathan Gavit. The first Methodist society was organized in the fall of 1S39. It consisted of seven members, viz.: Timothy Dillon and wife, Wni. L. Cook and wife, W. J. Ruby and wife and W. W. Moran. The first circuit preacher for tiie Methodist Church was Chan- ney Ilobert, who was sent here to form the Rockingham circuit, in the fall of 1836; his circuit covered about one-third of the settle- ment of the Territory'. The first Christian organization was probably the Presbyterian; the next, the Christian Ciiurch, then the Congregationlist. James Thorington taught the first private school. Food was scarce in those early times; pork, which they called bacon, of the poorest quality was IS cents per pound, Hour, $16 per barrel; we had no potatoes until we raised thera ourselves; corn was $1; per bushel; horses, from $60 to $100; cows, $25. The settlers organized a local government in 1S36, for their own safety, feeling that the laws of Michigan Territory could not reach them effectually. They chose a judge, sheriff and others, such as a committee of investigation, to which all cases of complaint were made, and the case had a fair judicial trial, and when the verdict was given there was no appeal to any higher court. In 1838 our Territorial Courts were organized and Judge Williams was ap- pointed judge of the west side of the river. The first court under this appointment was held in the spring of 1838, in a little room on front street, above Main. The court was organized and all the business finislied in one day. The Government paid the cost of judge and jury. The first Territorial road was laid from Burlington to Dubuque, in 1839. The Government land of this vicinity was surveyed in 1837, and brought into market in 1839. Since the county has been cultivated, tiie land is much dryer; land that was then considered swamp land will now admit of cul- tivation. The climate is colder in summer, and in winter we had colder weather and more snow than we do now. The year I fenced my farm (18391 I drew the rails on a sled, on good enow paths for ■to days, without one thaw. 652 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Deer were often seen. I have seen while out huntino; 100 deer between Duck Creek and the groves beyond. The settlers who came to stay were of the first class. They were kind and friendly and ready to assist one another in sickness and health, and would divide the last loaf In a word, the " hitch strino; " always hung on the outside of tlie door. There were a large number of Indians in this vicinity, consisting of the Sac and Fox tribes. The two tribes confederated together. Black Hawk was the chiet of the Saes, and Keokuk of tlie Foxes. This confederation was made to defend themselves against the nortliern tribes. In the fall of 1836 two tribes met on the island called Ma])le, just below the town of Davenport. They commenced fighting near my house, on the river. The white settlers became alarmed, as stories were often circulated that the Indians would make a raid on the settlers. I feared them. I tried to get a boat to take my wife and children to the fort, but did not succeed. As soon as it was dark I fastened my cabin, which had a door and a nine-light window, and took my ritle, ax and butcher knife and stood sentinel about half the night, or until they had stopped their whooping and noise; then I laid down by the door and went to sleep. AVhen they were sober enough to know what they had done they buried their dead, and took their wounded and left as soon as possible. I went down soon after and saw where they had buried them. In July, about the hottest weather we had that summer, the Sac and Fox Indians were out west in the country, and they came in contact with a party of Sioux and had a fight. There were about 20 killed of both tribes, and by the negotiations of the Government and the treaty made they were not allowed to hunt or trespass on others right. The Government had a line made by surveyors, dividing the tribes. The Indians sent in a delegation to have their agent who lived in the fort, together with Mr. Le Claire, who was an interpreter, and his brother-in-law, Mr. Watts, to come out, and they were to decide who were the aggressors. I saw the delegation when they came from the scene of conflict, and they reported that the Sioux were the aggressors, and so their annuity was not forfeited, and the Fox and Sacs were fighting on their own hunting grounds. They had an Indian powwow that night near Le Claire's cabin. The Indians never molested us very much; they would come along on the trail, and the first we would know some old squaw would press her face against the window pane, and if i/^^^ C^^yy^r^ HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 55S she saw any one in the house, she would deliberately walk in, without saying anything, take a walk around the room, and as every thing we had was visible they would look into each vessel, and if the}' saw any thing that they could eat would take it and depart without even saying "by your leave." In the winter of 18.36 we had not so much as a pound of coffee, sugar, tea or saleratiis in the house all winter. I had raised a lit- tle sod corn and I picked out the best and dried it, rather than to go 50 miles to tlie mill to have it ground. I took a coffee mill and ground corn two hours every evening in order to have bread the next day; and in order to raise the bread my wife buraed the cobs in a kettle and used what she obtained in the place of saleratiis, then mixed it up with water, which made a very good article of bread. We burned oats to make coffee, and to make it worse we had no milk or sugar to make it palatable. Our crops of wheat and corn were ver}' abundant and remarka- bly good. I have often raised 8.5 bushels of corn per acre, and our wheat was sown in among tiie corn in September, and the next season would produce 50 bushels per acre of as fine a qualit}' of wheat as I ever saw in the Genesee Valley, New York. We had no machinery to help harvest and care for the crop of wheat we could raise, and no market for it after it was gathered. We only obtained from 25 to 35 cents per bushel, in dry goods. I have often sold eight bushels of excellent wheat for a calico dress of eight yards; and ladies of tiie highest class among us were fortu- nate if they had a calico dress to wear to church. We could raise pork, and when fatted 200-pound hogs would be worth §1.25 to $1.75 per hundred in dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes, which were held as cash. Tiiis is the history of an old settler who has lived 46 years within four rods of where he first put downhis stakes. 33 CHAPTEK XIII. AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. Scott County stands first among the counties of the State, in ag- ricultui-e; unlike many of the river counties, there is scarcely any waste land in it, and the soil can be cultivated down to the river's edge, "and the land back from the river — the prairie land — is un- excelled. There is no cereal or fruit common to this latitude but is highly productive. The county was early settled by an intelli- gent class of agriculturists, and no effort has been spared to im- prove and keep the county in the front rank. In regard to fertility of the soil, the loioa Sun of September, 1839, says: " We yesterday saw a watermelon, raised about one and a halt miles west of the village, which measured four feet one way and three and a half the other, and weighed 40 -J poimds. Another gentleman has a pumpkin vine, on which, he says, he counted sixty-eight good sized piompMns ! ''"' These facts speak volumes for the farming country adjacent to Davenport. Says Wilkie, in "Davenport, Past and Present:" "The editor of the Sun has not a few articles in his sheet eulo- gistical of the mammoth vegetables which from time to time were laid upon his table by subscribers anxious for a ' puff"' — of the soil. He was once, however, badly sold. Mr. D. A. Burrows re- solved to astonish him, and for this purpose stuck a half dozen or more large potatoes so nicely together with pegs that they seemed one growth. The editor was hugely delighted with the present. It was to other potatoes what elephants are to mice, and he trum- jieted the fact accordingly, defying any other soil under the sun to produce its equal. It hung in the sanctum a long time, and was a source of patriotic pride both to the worthy editor and all specta- tors. But one day a piece of the monster fell off, and revealed a hard woody substance protruding which excited curiosity. A nearer examination revealed a peg, and a little more revealed the entire internal ectmomy of the potato. The worthy votary of the quill was highly incensed at the denouement, and did not puff a mammoth vegetable for three whole weeks." (556) lUSTORT OF SCOrr COUNTY. 657 The log houses of the pioneers liave long since given way to the more substantial, comfortable and convenient dvveliing-iiouses. Barns and out-houses of an improved character have also been built. Barbed wire is now the princip-.il material used in fencing. Quite a number of farmers have commenced the lireeding of short horns, and the quality of the cattle is being constantly improved. B. F. Seamon in 1869 entered for premium in Cla^^ No. 2'>, in the Scott County Agricultural Society, and made to the board in the fall of that year the following report: Com. — Ground plowed in September, 1878, about eiglit inches deep; manured with well-rotted barn-yard manure, drawn out in November, 1878, and dumped in piles, at the rate of 10 loads per acre; spread the third week in April, the ground well harrowed, then run over with a Rowell seeder, then rolled and planted the last week in April with a Deere's two-horse planter with Banie check rower. Seed, a mixture of Michigan Dent and Penn Gourd seed, about four quarts of seed per acre; well harrowed with a common harrow just as it was coming up; plowed five times witii a two-horse horse cultivator; before last plowing it was thinned to tliree stalks per hill; the hills stand three feet nine inches by three feet eight inclies apart. COST OF CULTIVATING FIVE ACRES. Plowinggronnd $ 6.00 Hauling manure 7.50 Scattering manure 1 . 50 Harrowing 3.00 Work with seeder and roller 2 . 50 Planting 1 . 50 Cultivating 10.00 Husking 9.00 Total $ 37.75 Gathered the second week in November. Amount, 53.5 bushels, or 107 bushels per acre. Worth at home, 30 cents per bushel $1*60 . 50 Cost of cultivation $37.75, and rent of land $25.00 62.50 Profits $98.00 Oats. — Five acres; ground was plowed the first week in April, then cross harrowed ; sewed the second week in April, tlien har- rowed twice and rolled. Seed, White Dutch oats, sowed at the rate of two bushels per acre. Gut the last week in July. Amount 345 bushels, or 69 bushels per acre. 558 HlStOET OF SCOTl- COtTNTT. COST OF cultivation: Flowing $ 4.00 Sowing 1 . 50 Harrowing and rolling 4.00 Cutting and binding 7.00 Stacking 3.00 Threshing 15.00 Eent of land 25 .00 Total $59.50 Worth at home about 30 cents per bnsliel $ 103.50 Total cost 59.50 Profits $ 44.00 Potatoes. — One acre ground plowed in the fall, planted about the middle of April in drilled rows three feet apart, one large piece every 15 inches ; covered with cultivator ; used 10 bushels of Cali- fornia Rose ; ground rolled a few days after planting ; well harrowed just b3fore earning up ; plowed three times with cultivator ; the last time used large shovel to ridge up moderately. Dug in Sep- tember 210 bushels. * COST OF CULTIVATION. Plowing ground and planting $3.50 Harrowing, rolling and cultivating 3.00 Digging. '. 7.00 Seed, 10 bushels at SO cents 8.00 Rent of one acre 5.00 Marketing 7.00 Total cost $33.50 At 30 cents per bushel, 210 bushels 63.00 Cost of production 33.50 Profit $29.50 Timothy. — One acre cut July 1, in the forenoon, raked up in the evening of the same day ; laid one day, then bunched with horse-rake ; stacked July 3. Said in September by weight for $5 per ton. Amount, two tons and seventeenone-hundreths. COST OF PEODUCTION. Mower $ .40 Kaking and bunching 25 Stacking 1 .50 Total cost 82 . 15 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 569 Total received, 2 17-20 tons, at $5.00 per ton $14.25 Cost of production 2.15 Profits $12.10 In the above calculation I have allowed for board, use of teams, etc., but nothing for use of machinery, and have omitted the rent of land on timothy and potatoes. ' The former I think should be put at about $3.00 per acre, as it is less exhaustive to soil, and the latter at $6.00, for it requires better than the average land for potatoes. E. F. Seamon, Exhibitor. Sheridan, Nov. 25. 1879. SCOTT COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. Preliminary meetings were held in the early part of the summer of 1S53 for the purpose of forming an Agricultural Society, and on the 13th of August an adjourned meeting was held at which H- M. Tliompson acted as chairman, and James Thorington, secretary. The committee appointed to draft a constitution, by their chair- man, J. A. Birchard, reported, the first and second articles reading as follows : " Article I. This society shall be called the ' Scott County Ag- ricultural Society.' '* "Article II. It shall be the object of this society to endeavor to excite an interest on the subject of agriculture, to diffuse mutual instruction among its members and others, and to use all suitable means to elevate the calling of the farmer." Other articles referred to the officers and duties The following then signed the constitution and were enrolled as members: Henry Parmle, James Thorington, C. II. Fiske. il.R. Claussen, II. M. Tliompson, M. Parmle, Erie Dodge, Garrett Don- aldson, Joseph Mounts, Henry G. Neal, Eli S. Wing, John Pol- lock, Stephen Hawley, Jesse Ilenly, James H. Robison, Alfred Sanders, George W. Thom, David Gabbert, John Evans, John R. Jackson, John Lambert, "William U. llildreth, D. D. Skinner, Jabez A. Birchard, C. E. Kinkead, 11. S. Finley. The following named officers were then duly elected : President, H. M. Thompson ; Vice-President, .Fames Grant ; Treasurer. John R. Jackson ; Secretary, James Thorington ; Executive Commit- tee : Buffalo Precinct, Erie Dodge ; Blue Grass Precinct, Robert Wilson; Rockingham Precinct, William H. Mcliaig; Davenport Precinct, C. E. Kinkead; Pleasant Valley Precinct, Garrett Don- 560 HISTORY OF SCOTT COTTNTT. aldson; LeClaire Precinct, Daniel Hart; Princeton Precinct, Stephen Thompson; Winfield Precinct, C. C. Alvord; Allen's Grove, Precinct, George Lathrop; Kickory Grove Precinct, H. G. Neal; Liberty Precinct, Rndolphus Bennett. At the second annual meeting of the society the ofHcers ot the first year were re-elected. The first annual fiiir was held on the river front between Fifth and Sixth streets, in the fall of 185i. The grounds were improved for the occasion, railroad ties being used as a fence. The society held its third annual meeting at the court-house in Davenport on the 2d da^' of June, 1855. The following named were elected for the ensuing year: President, H. M. Thompson; Vice-President, James Grant; Treasurer, John R. Jackson; Secre- tary, H. G. Neal; Executive Committee : Davenport, C. E. Kin- kead; Winfield, David Hardie; Liberty, Dr. Witter; Allen's Grovei Mr. Thompson; Princeton, Samuel Knox; Hickory Grove, H. G. Neal; Le Claire, Nathaniel Wilson; Pleasant Valley, S. G. Elack- man; Blue Grass, Robert Wilson; Buftalo, J. K.James; Rock- ingham, H. G. Dwire. At an adjourned meeting held June 16, 1855, H. M. Thompson, John Grieve and C E. Kinkead were appointed a committee on behalf of the Agricultural Society to lease of the Fair Ground As- sociation the land belonging to that body for the use of the Agri- cultural Society, and John R. Jackson and John Lambert were appointed a committee to fence the grounds so leased. The society held its second annual fair on the land belonging to the Fair Ground Association, near where tlie Orphans' Home is now located, on the 12th and 13tli of September, 1855. The morning of the 12th was quite rainy. In the afternoon it cleared away, and the attendance of the citizens of Davenport and the farmers in the vicinity, was very respectable. The receipts for admission were large for that time. The amount paid for premiums was $325. The regular annual meeting was held at the court-house in Davenport on the 7th of June, 1856. Some changes were made in the constitution, one of which limited the number composing the executive committee to three. The following named officers were then elected for the year 1856-'57 : President, H. M. Thompson ; Vice-President, James Grant; Secretary, H. G. Neal ; Treasurer, J. K. Jackson; Executive Com- mittee, John Lambert, J. M. Eldridge, O. L. Burdick. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 561 The tliird annual fair was held on the grounds of the Fair Grounds Association, the 2-ith and 25th of September. The tifth annual meeting of the society was held at the court- house in Davenport, June (>, 1857. The following named were then elected otKcers for the ensuing 3-ear : President, II. M. Thompson; Secretary, 11. G. Neal; Treasurer, J. R. Jackson ; Executive Committee, O. L. Burdick, John Lam- bert. P^fforts were made by the society to secure the exhibition of the State Fair at Davenport, for 1858. The sixth annual meeting was held June 5, 1858. The follow- ing named officers were elected : President, H. M. Thompson; Vice-President, John Evans; Sec- retary, H. G. Neal ; Treasurer, J. "VV. Wiley ; Executive Com- mittee, John Lambert, S. F. Wiley, C. R. Marks. At a meeting held Dec. 4-, 1S5S, the constitution recommended by the secretary of the State Board was adopted. On December 18, an adjourned meeting was held and the following named officers elected : President, H. M. Thompson ; Vice-President, Edwin Smith ; Secretary, William Allen ; Treasurer, J. W. Wiley ; Board of Directors, John Lambert, John Madden, Levi S. Blackman, J. A. Birchard, Nathaniel Wilson. The sixth annual fair was held on the grounds of the Fair Asso- ciation, on the 13th, l-lth and 15th of September, 1859. The weather was delightful, and the number of entries amounted to 863. The total receipts were $1,023.80, of which amount $614.50 were paid out on premiums, lliram Price delivered the annual address. The fair on the wliole was exceedingly successful, both in the number and quality of animals and articles exhibited, and in the receipts into tlie treasury. The seventh annual meeting was held Nov. 5, 1859, at the court- house. Much business was transacted, and officers for the ensuing year were elected, as follows : President, H. M. Thompson ; Vice-President, Edwin Smith ; Treasurer, Joiin Lambert ; Secretary, William Allen ; Directors : John Madden, H. N. Washbon, Robert Christie, George H. French, B. F. Gue. A meeting of the Board of Directors was held Jan. 28,1860. and a committee that was appointed to procure new grounds for the fair meetings reported that the society could lease IS acres of 562 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY, Antoine Le Claire, north of Thirteenth, between Perry and Farnam streets, for five years, on condition that the society would pay the taxes. The offer was accepted and the grounds so leased. As one means of procuring money to fit up the grounds it was resolved that such persons as would contribute $10 or more for that purpose, may unite wholly or in part, and as a club, occupy the grounds for driving or horse-fair purposes, at any time the Ag- ricultural Society were not using the same. The fixtures on the old ground, under direction of a special com- mittee, were torn down and used as far as possible in fixing the new grounds. William Allen, in August, 1860, tendered his resignation on ac- count of removal from the county. Ira M. Giflbrd was appointed to fill the vacancy. The new grounds being prepared, the seventh annual fair was held on September 25, 26, 27, and 28. The weather was all that could be desired. Entries began to be made on the first day at 7 A. M. and continued without interruption until 6 P. M., when it was ordered by the board that entries be permitted to be made until 12 M. the next day. The total number of pre- miums offered this year was $1,250, and the total amount awarded was $941.50. The secretary in his report says : " The fair of this year was a triumphant success. The change of grounds to a point nearer the center of population, and the arrangement and commodiousuess of the newly selected location, contributed materially to the result. Added to this our agricultural population, after several years of depression, were buoyant with the idea of returning prosperity arising from bountiful and well-harvested crops, and the people at large heartily sympathized with this feeling." The eight annual meeting was held Nov. 3. 11. M. Thomson declined a re-election as president of the society. The following was then offered and unanimously adopted : Resolved, That the thanks of the Scott County Agricultural Society are due, and they are hereby tendered to Hugh M. Thomp- son, Esq., who, if not the father of the organization, was one of its first movers, and has ever been one of its firmest friends, and who for the last seven years has ably and faithfully discharged the duties of president. He now retires from that oflice with the satisfaction of seeing the society not only in a prosperous condition, but the model society of the State. HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. 563 The officers of tlie society elected for 1861 were as follows : President, Edwin Smith; Vice-President, Thomas K. Fluke; Treas- urer, John Lambert; Secretary, Ira M. Giftord; Directors, Robert Christie, C. R. Marks, Chauncey Krnm, J. A. Le Claire, H. G. Neal. Many improvements were made in the grounds during the year, and the annual fnir was held dtiring the week, commencing Moji- day, Sept. 9, and ending with Saturday, Sept. 14, 1861. The en- tries were much less than the previous year, on account of bad weather. Hon. John F. Dillon delivered the annual address on the last day of the fair. The total amount of premiums awarded was $1,357, and $1,610 wasoffered. " In a pecuniary point of view," says the secretary, " the fair was the most successful ever held by the society. Persons were in attendance from long distances. The display of stock and fruit was particularly fine." The receipts of the fair were $3,615.70. In the fall of this year ap])lication was made by the adjutant general of theState fur the use of thegrounds for military encamp- ment, which request was granted, and for some months the grounds were so used. The ninth annual meeting was held Nov. 2, 1861, and the offi- cers for 1862 elected as follows: President, Edwin Smith; Vice- President, C Stewart Ells; Secretary, Thomas J. Sanders; Treas- urer, John Lambert; Directors, Chauncey Krum, John Robertson, C. R. Mark.s, Joseph A. Le Claire, Ira M. Gifford. The ninth annual fair was held from Sept. 22 to 26 inclusive. The total number of entries was 718. The total amount of pre- miums offered was $2,000, and the amount awarded of regular and discretionary was 82,^38, a larger amount than ever before paid. The secretary records his views as follows: ••The attendance was ver}' large, far exceeding anything of the kind in the annals ot Davenport, and the receipts were correspondingly good, placing the society entirely beyond any fears of pecuniary embarrassment. It would seem as though our home population — those not partici- pating in our national struggle for life by their presence in the field — were determined to find relief from the strain upon the ])ublic mind, by giving themselves uj) for the time being to the enjoyment and instruction aftorded by the fair. The display of stock was never surpassed by any fair in the State, and commanded the un- qnalified admiration of visitors from far and near, and in other re- spects the exhibition was excellent." The total receipts of this fair were $4,582.51. 664 HISTORY OK SCOTT COUNTY. The tenth annual meeting was held Saturday, Nov. 1, 1862, and the otiicers for the year 1 863 were duly elected ; President, Cliauncey Krum; Vice-Pre.^ident, Jonathans. Smith; Secretary, William K. Haight; Treasurer, L. S. Viele; Directors, Andrew J. Hyde, Hi- ram Wheeler, John Madden, C. R. Marks, Joseph A. Le Claire. The tenth annual fair was held from Sept. 7 to 11, 1863. The total number of entries was 843. The eleventh annual meeting was held Nov. 7, 1863, and the fol- lowing named officers were elected for the ensuing year: President, Chauncey Krum; Vice-President, J. S. Smith; Secretary, William K. Haight; Treasurer, L. S. Viele; Directors, C. S. Marks, J. A. Le Claire, A. J. Hyde, John Madden, B. Painter. The annual fair was held one week, beginning Sept. 19 and ending on the Sith. The weather was iine with the exception ot the 23d, when it was stormy- and unpleasant, making it necessary to postpone the business of that day until the 24th. This inter- fered materially with the recei])ts of the fair, which however were unusually large. The entries were 897, which were larger than the previous year, and the fair was a decided success. The twelfth annual meeting was held Nov. 5. 1864. The officers elected for 1865 were as follows : President, John Lambert ; Vice-President, C. S. Ells ; Secretary, William K. Haight; Treasurer, Edwin Smith; Directors, W. A. Remington, Johii Evans, Henry Tilden, J. K. James, William Remick. New grounds were purchased this year. The twelfth annual fair was held from Sept. 18 to 22, 1865. Every. thing passed off pleasantly, the weather bein^ particularly fine, the attendance and receipts unusually large. There were 1,064 entries, the largest in the historj' of the fair. Several meetings were held by the directors on each succeeding Saturday after the fair, at which action was taken in reference to the purchase of new grounds for fair purposes, it being finally decided to purchase 25 acres of Judge Mitchell. This action was subsequently reconsidered and 35 acres were purchased of Mrs. Adam Noel, within the corporate limits of the city, situated be- tween Brady and Harrison, which is still occupied by the society, in 1882. The thirteenth annual meeting was held Nov. 4, 1865. The officers elected for the ensuing year were as follows : HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 565 President, Chauneey Kruin ; Vice-President, John Lambert ; Secretar}', William K. llaigiit ; Treasurer, Kdwin Smith ; Direc- tors, C. S. Ells, W. A. Remington, A. J. Hyde, J. A. Le Claire, "William Sehlichtiiig. The thirteenth annual fair was held Sept. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 1866. The weather was unusually pleasant, and the fair in every respect a decided success. It was not intended to occupy Satur- day, the 8th, but it was found necessary to continue it through that day. The entries were 1,308. The amount of premiums awarded was $4,771, a large increase on any previous fair. The receipts were $8,460. The fourteenth annual meeting was held Nov. 3, 1866, at which time officers for 1867 were duly elected, resulting as follows : President, J. A. LeClaire ; Vice-President, John Lambert; Sec- retary, H. AY. Bennett; Treasurer, E. Smith ; Directors, A. J. Hyde, John Madden, James Grant, W. A. Remington, N. Kuhnen. During the year 1867 the grounds of the new fair grounds were greatly improved and the original fair ground sold to James Grant. The treasurer was authorized to btjrrow $6,000 for the use of the society. The annual fair commenced on the 9th of September and closed upon the 14th of the same month. The entries were increased over any previous year, amounting to 1,524. It was the most suc- cessful fair yet held. The titteenth anuual meeting of the society was held Nov. 2, 1867, at which time the officers for 1868 were elected as follows: President, Chauneey Kru in; Vice-President, John Lambert; Sec- retary, William K. Haiglit; Treasurer, O. S. McNeal; Directors, William A. Remington, James Grant, J. D. McCall, A. J. Hyde, G. Schnitg-er. The fifteenth annual fair was held Sept. 7 to 11, 1S6S, inclusive, on the new grounds. The weather was not favorable, being un- pleasant the first three days and raining upon the last. Notwith- standing these disadvantages the attendance was good and the receipts gratifying. There were 1,399 entries. The receipts from all sources this year amounted to $9,155, a larger amount than any previous year. Of this amount $4,787.10 were paid for premiums. The annual meeting, the sixteenth, was held Nov. 7, 186S. The reports read were highly satisfactory, and James Grant, William K. Haiglit and O. S. McNeil were appointed a committee to solicit the enactment of a law l)y the General Assembly to perpetuate the use and enjoyment of the society's property in the public forever. 666 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. The membership fee of the society was fixed at $20, the payment of whicli constituted one a life member, and he was permitted a vote at the annual meetinof and to attend the annual exhibition with his wife and children under 14- j'earsof age. He was also made eligible to an}' office in the society. The officers elected for"1809 were as follows: President, James Grant; Vice-President, J. A. Le Claire; Secretary, "William K. Haight; Treasurer, O. S. Me Neil; Direc- tors, William A. Remington, William Remick, John Pollock, G. Schnitger, A. J. Hyde. The sixteenth annual fair of the society was held Sept. 13 to 17, 1869. The weather was fair and the attendance large. The en- tries were larger than ever, amounting to 2,371. The receipts from all sources were $10,160, of which $1,965 were received at the gate, and $1,074 for entrance fees. There were paid out for premiums, $5,418.60. The seventeenth annual meeting was held Nov. 6, 1868. The following named officers were then elected to serve during the year 1870 : President, Chauncey Krum ; Vice-President, J. A. Le Claire; Secretary, AVilliam K. Haight; Treasurer, E. Smith; Direc- tors, James Grant, Thomas Scott, A. J. Hyde, William Remick, G. Schnitger. At a meeting held Feb. 5, 1870. a new constitution was adopted, one provision of wiiich changed tiie number of directors to seven. An election was then held for two additional directors, and John Pollock and William A. Remington were elected. At a meeting of the directors lots were drawn for one, two and three 3'eai-s, with the following result : Thomas Scott, one year; G. Schintger, H. J. Hyde, John Pollock, two years; AVilliam A. Remington, William Remick, James Grant, three years. The seventeenth annual fair was held Sept. 5 to 9, 1870. The display in every class was large and full, but the weather was unusually bad, opening on thj fifth with rain, and threat- ening each succeeding day until Thursday, when it poured down in torrents, literally closing the fair on Thursday afternoon, as on Friday the weather was so bad the receipts were nothing, and the track was in such condition that nothing could be shown on it. There were 1,774 entries in all classes. Notwithstanding the ad- verse circumstances the receipts from all sources were 559,948, of which $4,975 were for gate fees. The premiums paid amounted to $5,838.90. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 567 The eighteenth annual meeting whs held Xov. 5, 1870. The report of the treasurer was received, showing a gratifying state of affairs when the bad weather during the fair in September was taken into consideration. The following named ofKcers were then elected for 1S71 : President, Chauncej Krum; Vice-President, J. A. Le Claire; Secretary, William K. Haight; Treasurer, O. S. McNeil; Director, three years, Thomas Scott. At a meeting of directors held Nov. 21, 1S70, a resolution was unanimously passed authorizing a mortgage to be issued on the grounds of the society for a sum not exceeding $12,000, of which $2,000 was to be used in paying off the present mortgage on the grounds, and $10,000 was to be used in aiding the construction ofa street railway to the grounds contemplated by the Central Kailroad Company of Davenport. At a subsequent meeting the resolution was rescinded, and one adopted authorizing the president of the so- ciety to take stock in the Central Railroad to the amount of $10,000 the money to be raised by mortgage on the grounds of the society and assigning the notes of the Central Railway- Company to the lender. The eighteenth annual fair was held Sept. 4 to S, 1871, and was a grand success. The entries footed up 1,690. The receipts from all sources amounted to §13,807. The nineteenth annual meeting was held Nov. 4, 1871, at- vvhich time officers were elected as follows : President, J. A. Le Claire; Vice-President, A. J. Hyde; Secretary, O.S. McNeil; Treas- urer, Edwin Smith; Directors, W. A. Remington, William Ren- wick, James Grant, Thomas Scott, John Pollock, Gus Schnitger, George Murray. Tiie nineteenth annual fair was held Sept. 2, 3, -i, 5 and 6, 1S72. Tiie weather was very unfavorable, and owing to a combina- tion of causes the attendance was not large. The entries fiorured up 1.5S7. The receipts amounted to $7,919.82, of which amount $4,855.20 was jiaid on premiums. Tiie twentieth annual meeting was held the first Saturday in November, 1872. The officers elected were as follows for 1823: President, John Lambert; Vice-President, George H. Parker; Sec- retary, J. M. Eldridge;* Treasurer, B. Birchard; Directors, James Grant, William Renwick, Walker Adams. The annual fair for 1873 was held, beginning first Monday in *Resigned and O. S. McNeil appoiated lo fill vacancy. 968 HISTORY OF SCOTl- COUNTY. September and continuing five days. The total receipts were $10,544.17, of which amount $5,900 was paid out for premiums. The twenty-first annual meeting was lield Nov. 1, 1873. The officers elected for 1874 were as follows: President, William Allen; Vice-President, Engene Birchard ; Secretary, O. S. McNeil; Treas urer, S. F. Smith;* Directors, Tiioraas Scott, J. M. Eldridge. The annual fair for 1874 was held first Monday in September, continuing five days. The receipts this year were .§11,772.46, of which amount $5,995.60 was paid out for premiums. The twenty-second annual meeting was held Nov. 7, 1874. The following were the officers elected for 1875: President, William Alien; Vice-President, Eugene Birchard; Secretary, O. S. McNeil; Treasurer, W. C. Brewster; Directors, George Schnitger, George Murray, Andrew J. Hyde. The annual fair for 1875 was held Sept. 6 to 11. The weather was very unfavorable for the fair, yet notwithstanding the receipts amounted to $11,529, of which amount, $6,894 were paid for premiums. At the annual meeting held Nov. 6, 1875, officers were elected as follows for 1876: President, Eugene Birchard; Vice-President, Isaac H. Sears; Secretary, O. S. McNeil ; Treasurer, W. C. Brew- ster; Directors, William Ren wick, James Grant, J. M. Eldridge_ The twenty-third annual fair was held, commencing first Mod. day in September and continuing five days. The receipts this year were less than for several years, amounting to $7,164 from all soiarces, of which amount $6,443 was paid for premiums. The twenty fourth annual meeting was held Nov. 4, 1876, at wliich time officers were elected for 1877, as follows : President, Eugene Birchard; Vice-President, Isaac H. Sears; Secretary, O. S. McNeil, Treasurer, W. C. Brewster; Director, Thomas Scott. The annual fair for 1877 was held commencing first Monday in September, continuing five days. Tlie receipts this year were $12,- 617, a gratitying increase over the previous year, of which amount $7,200 was paid tor premiums. The twenty-fifth annual meeting was held Nov. 3, 1877, at which time the following named officers were elected for 1878 : Presi- dent, Isaac H. Sears; Vice-President, W. C. Brewster; Secretary, O. S. McNeil;f Treasurer, S. F. Smith; Directors, George Murray, George H. Parker, William K. Haight. * Office declared vacant and Thomas Scott appointed to fill vacancy. f Resigned and C. W. Verden appointed to fill vacancy. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 569 Tlie annual fair for 1878 was lield commencing first Monday in September, continuing five days. The receipts were about $9,000 from all sources, of which amount $6,022.50 were paid for pre- miums. The twenty-sixth annual meeting was held Kov. 2, 1878. Tiie following named officers were elected for 1879 : President, J. II. Sears; Vice-President, Thomas Scott; Secretary, C. AV". Verden; Treasurer, S. F. Smith; Directors, James Grant, John Pollock, W. C. Brewster, William Kenwick. The annual fair was held commencing first Monday in Septem- ber, 1879, continuing five days. The receipts were about $7,000. Premiums paid, $3,500. The twenty- se%'enth annnarmeeting was held Nov. 1,1879, and officers for 1880 elected as follows : President, J. H. Sears; Vice- President, Thomas Scott; Secretary, O. S. McNeil; Treasurer, Whit. M. Grant; Directoi-, John Lambert. The annual fair was held commencing the first Monday in Sep- tember, 1880, continuing five days. The receipts were $6,430, of which $4,056 were paid for premiums. The twenty-eighth annual meeting was held N"ov. 6, 1880. Officers were elected as follows for 1881 : President, John Madden; Vice- President, S. F. Smith; Secretary, John W. Green; Treasurer, W. M.Grant; Directors, George Murray, L. W. Clemmons, Wm. Ren- wick. The annual fair was held commencing the first Monday in Sep- tember, ISSl. The receipts for 1881 were $7,202, of which were paid for premiums $4,480. The twenty-ninth annual meeting was held in November, 1881. at which time officers for 1882 were elected as follows: President, J. A. Ls Claire; Vice-President, O. S. McNeil; Secretary, John W. Greene; Treasurer, Whit. M. Grant; Directors, James Grant, J. H. Sears, A. J. Hyde. CHAPTER XIV. THE PRESS. There is no instrumentality, not even excepting tlie pulpit and the bar, which exerts such an influence upon society as the press of the land. It is the Archimedian lever that moves the world. The talented minister of the gospel on the Sabbath day preaches to a few hundred people; on the following morning his thoughts are re- produced more than a thousand fold,' and are read and discussed throughout the length and breadth of the land. The attorney at tlie bar, in thrilling tones, pleads either for or against the criminal arraigned for trial, often causing the jury to bring in a verdict against the law and the testimou}' in the case. His words are re- produced in every daily reached by the telegrapliic wire, and his arguments are calmly weighed by unprejudiced men and accepted for what the}' are worth. Tlie politician takes the stand and ad- dresses a handful of men upon the political questions of the day ; his speech is reported and read by a thousand men for every one that heard the address. Suddenly the waters of one of our mighty rivers rises, overflowing the land for miles and miles, rendering thousands of people homeless, and without means to secure their daily bread. The news is flashed over the wire, taken up by the press, and known and read of all men. No time is lost in sending to their relief ; the press has made known their wants and tliey are instantly supplied. "Chicago is on fire! Two liundred millions worth of property destroyed! Fifty thousand people rendered home- less !" Such is the dread intelligence proclaimed by the press. Food and clothing are hastily gathered, trains are chartered, and the im- mediate wants of the sufl^erers are in a measure relieved. The power for good or evil of the press, is to-day unlimited. The short comings of the politician are made known through its columns; the dark deeds of the wicked are exposed, and each fear it alike. The controlling influence of a nation. State or county is its press, and the press of Scott County is no exception to the rule The local press is justly considered among the most important institutions in every cit}', town and village. The people of every community regard their particular newspaper or newspapers as of (570) HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 573 peculiar value, and this not merely on account of the fact already alluded to, but because these papers are the repositories wherein are stored the facts and the events, the deeds and the sayings, the undertakings and achievements, tiiat go to make up final historv. One by one these things are gathered and placed in type ; one by one the papers are issued ; one by one these papers are gathered together and bound, and another volume of local, general and in- dividual history is laid away imperishable. The volumes thus col- lected are sifted by the historian, and the book for the library if ready. The people of any city or town naturally have a pride in their home paper. The local press, as a rule, reflects the business enterprise of a place. Judging from this standard the enterprise of the citizens of Scott County is commendable. While there may have been ex- ceptions, the press of Scott County has usually been a credit to the people, and its daily and weekly papers to-day are equal to any in the State. In February, 1879, D. N. Richardson, editor of the Democrat, began the publication of a series of articles on the Press of Scott County, written by request of the Historical Committee of the Academy of Science. These articles iiave been revised hv Mr. Richardson and are valuable contributions to the newspaper lite ature of this county. THE IOWA sex. The Iowa Sun, and Davenport and Rock Idand News was the name chosen for the first newspaper printed in Davenport, in 1838. Having received his material, something over a month was con- sumed by Mr. Logan, the editor, in putting in shape and bringing out the first edition. The work was done entirely within the fam- ily, which had several boys, two olil enough to bo of some assist- ance. The editorial labor was performed by Mr. Logan, who, also, by the help of the boys, set the type and worked the press. Under these auspices, on the morning of the 15th day of August and the 64th day of the independence of Iowa Territory, appeared the paper above named. It was printed on pa])cr 22 x 32 inches, four pages, six columns each; in politics Democratic. The head- ing, which was rather pretentious in length, was divided into two lines, the first being composed of the words Iowa Sun, in large, 34 574 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. black Roman capitals, the rest following in a longer but less con- spicuous line, — the whole indicating that in the main it would be an especial Iowa luminary, jet for the time being content to re- gard with favor the interests of Davenport and Rock Island. The "Rock Island " part of the heading had no reference what- ever to the present city of Rock Island, which was then plain Ste- phenson; but to the island of Rock Island from which the United States troops had departed a few years before. This latter line of the heading was dropped after a wliile, the paper being known by its principal heading. It announced itself to be issued "regularly on Saturday morn- ings, from its office, on Water street, from Mr. Davenport's new building, up stairs," at $3 per year if paid in advance; $3. 50 at the end of six months, and $i if the payment was delayed until the end of the year. It contained a goodly amount of advertising, which was put in "on reasonable terms," of course. Among its patrons in this way ai"e to be noticed the names of Gilbert C. R. Mitchell, A. AV. McGregor, J. M. Parker, J. H. Thorington, and S. Meredith, attorneys. This paper also contained the proclama- tion of acting-Governor "W. B. Conway, forming the second judi- cial district out of " Scott, Musquitine, Louisa, Slaughter, and Johnson Counties, with the Hon. Joseph Williams, of Musqui- tine," for judge. The fourth number of the paper contains the death notice of Charles Edward, son ot Levi S. Colton, aged eight months, the iirst white child born in Davenport. The following named gentle- men — Rodolphus Bennett, James Hull, Thomas Dillon, John Litch and Joseph Noel — had been by the citizens appointed to ad- judicate the claims of squatters. In the matter of news it was well up with the times, though in those days it took from four to six weeks for Eastern dates to ar- rive; and foreign news several months. Though it filled its place in the communit}^ receiving a fair patronage, yet it was not profit- able to its proprietor, who provided himself with a pre-emption claim as soon as possible, to which in two or three years he moved his family, and in 1842 suspended publication of the Sn/i, and be- came entirely a farmer. He sold the material to Mr. Henkle and Mr. McClelland, Mormons, who took the same down to Buffalo and printed an organ of that faith. For a while the paper was called 7he Bride and the LamV& Wife, and afterward The En- sign. In a few years the material was by Mr. Henkle shipped HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 575 to Pittsburg, wlieace it came. He died tliere, and tliere we lose all trace of the material on which was printed our lirst newspaper. It was not new when it came here, and by much service had be- come too much worn for future use. The press itself was princi- pally of wood, one of those clumsy and very primitive machines, known as the Ramage — slow, clumsy, but serviceable in their day. DAVENPORT GAZETTE. The second newspaper founded here was the Davenport Gazette, by Alfred Sanders, assisted by Lavi D ivis, the first issue appear- ing on the 20th of August, IS-il. It was a weekly, printed on a sheet 22x32 inches, four piges, six columns to the page; in politics, "Whig. Mr. Sanders was sole proprietor until 184i, when Mr. Davis purchased a one-third interest in the property for $500, and the firm became Sanders & Davis, and so continued for about 13 years. This was the first time any actual value was fixed upon the Oazette concern, which has since figured at more tens of thou- sands, than this sale did hundreds of dollars. Daring the first 12 years it was fairly prosperous only by the most persistent labor and strictest economy and good management within and without. Not long after the beginning, Mr. Sanders saw that he must do something more than a newspaper business if he was going to make any money, so with Mr. B. Sanford, liis future father-in-law, pur- chased a small stock of drugs and chemicals, and went into trade, which business he pursued a dozen years or so, in connection witli that of the newspaper. It was not until 1851, 10 years from its start, that the Oazette had become sufficiently encouraged to warrant an enlargement to a seven-column paper. In 1853 the city had become so prosperous as to demand some- thing better in the newspaper line than a weekly, and on the 3d ot September of that year a tri-weekly edition was beguti, w!>ich was kept up several years. Xextyear the Crimean war was fought, and this had a quickening influence upon the price of produce and the demand for news ; moreover a railroad iiad been built from Chicago to Rock Island, one was starting from Davenport .'icross the State, a bridge was being constructed to unite tiie two, popula- tion was crowding in, and all branches of business were thriving under constantly increasing pressure. There was a demand for a daily .paper, which was met by Sanders & Davis, who brought forth the first number of the Daily Gazette on the 16th of October, 676 1 HISTORY OF SCOTT COtlNTT. 1854- — a sevea-coliiinii sheet, crowded with paying business. It was the cominencenient of an era of great prosperity in Davenport, one that lasted nearly four years. During this time the Gazette had made several chancres of loca- tion. First it was located on the northwest corner of Perry and Front streets ; next, and not thereafter, over Mr. Chas. Lesslie's store, northeast corner of Front and Brady streets ; next it appears on the west side of Main street, between Front and Second, corner of the first alley, in a small frame building, occupying the site of Judge Grant's office ; next in Front street, two doors east of Perry, in John Shay's building ; next in Second street, southeast corner of Brady, in the Witherwax Block ; then in 1850 into a building of its own, built by Sanders & Davis, on the northeast corner uf Brady and Second streets, where now is Cutter's dry goods store. In 1855 it made its sixth move into more spacious rooms, in what was then known as the Postoffice Block, now Viele's Block, occupying the second and third stories over what is now Warriner's shoe store. Here it remained until 1861, when Mr. Sanders purchased a part of the property on the southeast corners of Perry and Fourth streets, now owned by the Gazette Company. Up to November, 1855, the several editions of the Gazette had been printed on a hand press, the same one, if we mistake not, that was first used. But it had become a very tedious matter; indeed, it was rapidly becoming impossible, through the increased circulation of the paper. So in that year it was supplied with steam printing apparatus, a Taylor small cylinder press, with engine and boiler, and was the first steam printing establishment in the city. The old Taylor was kept in service until 1872, when the Gazette Company moved to its new office on Third street, east of Perry, when it took on a new outfit in the way of boiler, engine, and a new large cylinder press. As previously stated, Alfred Sanders was the original founder and proprietor of the Gazette establishment. His first part- ner was Levi Davis, who is yet an honored resident of this city. Jan. 1, 1857, the firm changed from Sanders & Davis to Sanders & Brother. On the retiring of Gen. Samlers from the Gazette, in 1862, the paper came once more into the sole ownership and under the able editorial management of Alfred Sanders. Having strong scientific tastes, and abundant means at command, he finallj- decided to cast off the continual drudgery of editorial and office life, and spend liis days amid sucli congenial scientific studies and HISTORY OF SCOTT COtTNTT. 577 recreations as his taste and inclination might dictate. So, then, on the 9th of September, 1862, a .little more than 21 years from the commencemeuc of the Oazette, he sold his entire inte.-est to a number of gentlemen, namely: Edward Russell, James McCosh, Levi Davis, and Fred. Koops, wlio went into control next day under the style of The Gazette Company, which designation has been retained to tliis day. Mr Edward Russell was approached with regard to assuming the editorial management of the paper, and after some hesitation he accepted. Many changes occurred in the stock company from time to time, but Mr. Russell continued as editor until Aug. 1, 1871. when, acting on the advice of physicians, hs sold his interest to Mr. Waldo M. Potter and retired from the paper. Mr. Potter remained at this post until Nov. 4, 1875, when his interest was re- purchased by Edward Russell, who fills the position unto this day. Mr. Potter, on withdrawing from the Gazette, purchased the Clin- ton Herald, daily and weekly newspaper, at Clinton, Iowa, where he is at this time. Marcli 1, 1872, Mr. Hiram C. Marsh, of Groton, New York, purchased of Levi Davis a one-third interest in the office, and assumed the position as chief of the job and news department, whicli place he amply fills to this time. After the death of Dr. White, in the summer of 1873, a third share of the oiSce was for sale. It was purchased March 20, 1874, by Mr. Eiias C. Chapin, formerly a banker at Charles City, this State, who assumed the business management, which he, retained until March 15, 1877, when, in order to enter another field of usefulness, which he felt in dnty bound to cultivate, he sold his interest to Mr. J. L. Daymude, a long and well-known resident of Davenport, who fills the oosition to this time. In the 36 years of the Gazette's existence it has had 13 proprietors, three of whom, including its founder, are dead; three of whom are proprietors still. James McCosh is a resident of St. Louis; C. S. Ells is at the liead of the Union Malleable Iron Works, of Moline; W. M. Potter prints the Clinton Herald, and Eiias H. Chapin resides in Charles City. Thus have we traced the history of the Davenport Gazette from its inception to the present time — from its days of infancv, in its seven hundred dollar outfit, p.ppearing before its Davenport audi- ence of a few hundred people, while yet Iowa was in her early territorial condition, down to the present day, in which it finds 678 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. itself an establishment of large possessions and a representative organ in the metropolitan city of one of the most populous and most prosperous States of the Union. It has lived in an eventful period. In its almost 37 years it has heralded the admis- sion of 12 new States; has witnessed the country's increase of population from 18,000,000 to 48,000,u00; has seen our railroads increase from 3,000 to 75,000 miles; witnessed the birth and rapid development of the telegraphic system; seen ocean linked to ocean; the old world wired to the new; the span of the country made shorter than that of Pennsylvania 37 years ago; these things and many others, the recitation of which would fill many columns, has filled its own crowded volumes through all these by-gone years. Edward Russell. — Among the successful men may fairly be placed the nameof Edward Russell. Success brings honor in every honest occupation, and where is it better earned than by the earn- est, honest journalist and editor? Edward Russell was born in London, Eng., on tTie 6th of Octo- ber, 1830. His parents, William and Elizabeth Russell, were from good Scotch families, and were both eminent in their circle for earnest religious faith and activity in Christian labor. His father, who is still living, an active citizen and highly esteemed, was an early adherent to the temperance cause, and prominent in its advo- cacy among English reformers, and was for several years the secre- tary of the order of Rechabites, a temperance, secret and benevolent organization, strong in numbers and influence. From them Mr. Russell very early received religious impressions, and the stead- fastness of his convictions, which is one ot his strongest character- istics, is largely due to the influence of the examples and teaching he received during his youth. His early education was obtained in England, at the grammar school in London and at Hill House Academy in Thrapstone, Northamtonshire; subsequently only such as could be obtained from evening and home studies in New York and elsewhere in the United States. He developed early a taste for solid reading, was studious and much interested in politics and public aftairs. His father's family removed to the United States in September, 1845, and from financial reverses which his father met with soon after their arrival he was under tiie necessity of laboring: in aid of the support of the family. AH his earnings up to the day he was 21 were given to liis father. After leaving school he engaged as er- HISTORY OF SCOTT COtJNTT. 579 rand boy in a store, and after a short service was apprenticed to a carpenter and joiner on his own choice. In the fall of 1S4T, his father having bought a tract of native forest land in Callicoon, Sul- livan Co., N. Y., he then removed there, witli the intention of helping tu make a tarni tiiereou. He assisted until Marcli, ISiS, aiding in biiilding a small house and the clearing otf of several acres of land, when he went to New York, and began to travel through several States, selling goods as a peddler for a mercantile house in that city. Although young he was very successful, and gained much knowledge of localities and men, and an experience very useful in after life. Continuing his travels he turned west- ward, and first placed foot on Iowa soil on the 7th of September, 1848, at Le Claire, Scott Co., with the purpose of visiting an old friend of his father's. Rev. W. Ilutledge, having been joined on his May there by his father and youngest brother. They were so well pleased with the State that they resolved to make it their home. To this end the New York land was sold and they removed to Le Claire. After working a few months on the farm he returned to his trade and continued with a single inter- mission until the fall of 1859. About seven months of 1S50 he spent traveling through the South and "West in the same mercan- tile business in which he had before engaged in New York. This added much to his stock of experience and information. He was much interested in the active discussions of political af- fairs, resulting from the repeal of the Missouri Compromise in 1844 and 1845; and this led to his first contribution to the press, which appeared in the columns of the loxoa True Democrat, an anti-slavery paper then published at Monut Pleasant, Iowa, after which he was a frequent contributor to and became the Iowa cor- respondent of the National Era, the anti-slavery paper of Washing- ton, District of Columbia. Meanwhile he labored at his trade by day, studying and writing at night. In 1856 he began to write for the Davenport Gazette, first as a correspondent, then as a contribu- tor of political articles, both overjthe nom deplume of ''Agricoia." In 1S59 and 1860 he began and continued to be an occasional con- tributor of editorial political articles for the same paper. In the fall of 1858, on urgent request of friends, he assumed his first edi- torial position as editor of the Le Claire Express, which was soon changed to the Le Claire Repuhlic. This he left in 1S59, on find- ing that the enterprise did not pay, and returned to his trade. 580 HISTORY OF SCOTT OOUNTT. In November, 1S59, he removed to Davenport and took a posi- tion as clerk in the office of the county recorder, staying till the first of May, 1S61, when he was appointed assistant postmaster at Davenport, which office he resigned in 1862, and became editor and one of the proprietors of the Davenport daily and weekly Gazette. In August, 1871, by the advice of his physician, and in conse. quence of nervous prostration and threatening congestion of the brain, resulting from excessive labor, he sold his interest in the Gazette. He held the position of assistant postmaster from the 1st of May 1861, till the 31st of August, 1862; was appointed postmaster and entered upon the duties of the office on the 1st of May, 186i, from which position he was removed by President Johnson for political offenses, in October, 1865. He was the first official in the United States removed by Johnson on political grounds. The reason of his removal was that he had gained prominence as a radical Re- publican, by early taking grounds against Johnson's reconstruction policy, the Gazette being the first paper in the West to do so, and by introducing into and carrying through the Iowa Republican Convention of 1865 what was known as the negro-suffrage amend- ment to the fourth resolution of the platform. This occasioned much discussion in the party at the time. He was appointed post- master by General Grant, taking the office on the first of May 1869, and was re-appointed four years after, again in 1877, and still again in 1881, in accordance with the almost unanimous ex- pression of the business men and citizens of Davenport, no one having else than praise for the manner in which Mr. Russell has condncted the postoffice in that city. He was appointed secretary of the county Republican organization formed through his efforts in the years 1860 and 1861. He is an earnest worker in the Sabbath-school cause, and was president of the Sunday-school Union from 1865 to 1871; was pres- ident of Scott County Sunday-school Association in 1871; was for several years treasurer of the Scott County Bible Society. He has done perhaps more in the aid of the Young Men's Chris- tian Association in Iowa than any other one man in the State. He was president of the Davenport Young TNIen's Christian Asso- ciation 1873, 1874'and 1875, and of the State Y^oung Men's Chris- tian Association in 1874 and 1875. He has also been chairman of the State executive committee, and corresponding member for Iowa of the National Y'onng Men's Christian Association. He has been HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. 581 superintendent of the Sunday-school most of the time since 1856. lie is a member of the Masonic order, having joined in 1S56; was prior to 1876, for several years, a member of the Sons of Tem- perance, lie is a radical total abstainer from all intoxicating bev- erages, and has never even tasted spirits, ale or beer. Mr. Russell has ever been prominent in the advancement of all enterprises for the benefit of the city and country. He is a mem- ber of the Board of Trade and very active therein. In ISTC, at the earnest solicitation of leading members of his party, he consented to the use of his name as a candidate for the Kepublican nomination for Eepresentative in Congress. "Without the slightest effort or request on his own part the Scott County Re. publican Convention of that year unanimously adopted a resolution presenting Mr. Russell to the Congressional Convention as such candidate, and selected delegates who in the latter body voted for him throughout Si ballots. Then, at Mr. Russell's sugges. tion and request only, the vote of Scott County was transferred to Hon. H. Price, who was made the nominee of the convention. In 1863 Mr. Russell wrote, as an editorial in the Davenport Oazette, the first line printed in advocacy of the construction of a canal to connect the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, on or near a line from Hennepin to Rock Island. The advocacy thiis entered upon has been by him actively and ceaselessly continued to the present time. Desiring to make that more efiective, he proposed in February, ISSl, drew the articles for and secured the organiza tion of "The Illinois and Mississippi River and Canal Improvement Commission," of which body he was made the secretary, a posi- tion he still holds. Under the inspiration and direction of that organization was held the great canal convention of May 25 and 26, in Davenport, and the same useful body is now pressing upon Congress the appeal for an appro})riation for the construction of the much-needed canal which is designed to connect the water-route of the North and South with that from the West to the East. Mr. Russell is, however, always proud to acknowledge that he received the first suggestion of the desirability of such a canal from his old friend, the late Hon. John L. Davies, to whom it had occurred at the instance of his then business partner, Hon. George U. French. He is a member of and an elder in the Presbyterian Church, although he was educated in the Congregational Church and was a member thereof from 1851 to 1S72. He is a firm believer in Evangelical Christianity. He was raised in the Republican school 582 HISTORY OB' SCOTT COUNTY. of politics, has always been a radical anti-slavery man, an Aboli- tionist and opponent to caste. In 1S6S he made a short visit to Europe for his health, visiting many points of interest. He was married in April, 1852, to Miss Lydia R. Riitledge, daughter of Rev. W. Rutledge, a lady who is still living, as are a son and three, daughters of the happily wedded couple. Mr. Russell stands high as an editor, a very useful and respected citizen, and one of the most prominent of those who helped build up the press of the great West. He has pursued his chosen course with untiring zeal and with a success which has already earned for him no inferior rank among the editors of the country. The grciw- ing prosperity of the paper over which he presides and the prom" inent position into which it has sprung might satisfy any ordinary ambition. DEMOCRATIC BANNER. The third newspaper that was planted in the prolific newspaper soil of Davenport was a seven-column weekly named the Democi'atic Banner, and first saw the light of day in the month of September, 1848. From the time when the Iowa Sun ceased to shine — in 1842 — until the flinging of the Banner to the breeze, the Democrats of Davenport and Scott County had been without an organ, the Ga- zette, the sole paper in the field, operating with the Whigs. About September, 1848, Mr. Alex. Montgomery came to Daven- port with printing material, and started the weekly newspaper known as the Democratic Banner, the size, 22 x 32 inches, six col" umns to the page. He published the paper until Januarj-, 1849, when, amongst others, he got the California fever and sold his ma- terial to Messrs. H. Price, M. D. Westlake, R. M. Prettyman and H. Leonard, who employed R. Smitham to edit and publish the paper. The ofiice was in the second story of a building on Second street, just east of Rock Island street, and is still standing. Here the paper was printed until about the middle of July of that year, and not having sufficient patronage to make it self-sustaining, and the stockholders being loath to draw on their purses so frequently for its support, in order to curtail expenses Mr. Smitham moved the material to his barn on the hill, situated on the site of the res- idence of W. H. Decker, Esq. Here the paper was printed and distributed to its subscribers as often as circumstances would admit. until toward fall, when it suspended. As it had to depend princi- HISTORY OF SCOTT COrNTV. 583 pally on St. Louis for supplies of paper and ink, and as these ar- ticles would not hold out without renewing, it was sometimes compelled to issue only a half sheet. The stockholders then induced Mr. T. D. Eagal to take hold of the paper, who removed the othee and his family into the two-story frame building on the west side of Main street, immediately south of where the First National Bank is now located, using the front room for the jirinting office and the rest for a residence, and on the 5th of December, 1849, he finally purchased the office of the stock- holders. Here he completed the first volume of the paper and part of the second, passing some of the most trying yet pleasant days of his life. lu the spring of 1850 he removed the office to a large one-story frame building, previously used for the postoffice, on the corner of the alley, now occupied by Judge Grant's office and block. Here he completed the second and third volumes of the paper, and in the spring of 1851 bought new material, and a press of the Washington pattern, and put the paper in an entire new dress. Dec. 5, 1851, Mr. J. W. AVheeler came to Davenport and en- tered into co-partnership with Mr. Eagal. They added new ma- terial to the office, enlarged the paper to seven columns, and moved the office to the second story of the brick next to what is now Met- ropolitan Block, the postoffice being on the first door. Mr. Whee- ler was a young man, a practical printer and a ready writer, but of delicate constitution, and was compelled, in consequence of ill- healtli, to dispose of his interest in the papei', June 8, 1852, to Austin Corbin, Esq., a personal friend of his, and afterward a broth- er-in-law. Mr. Corbin's connection with the paper was of but a few months' duration. Owing to other business engagements he sold iiis interest to Samuel R. Millar, Esq., Sept. 10, 1852. Mr. Millar was connected with the publication of the Banner until March 24, 1854, when Mr. Eagal purchased his interest in the paptr. Mr. Eagal continued the publication of the Banner from the time Mr. Millar retired up to Oct. 12, 1855, the close of its seventh volume, when he disjiosed of the establishment to Messrs. J. T. Hildreth, D. X. Richardson and G. E. West, who afterward changed the name of the paper to the Iowa State Democrat. DEMOCRAT BUILDING. HISTOKV OF SCOTT COUNTY. 685 DAVENPOKT DEMOCRAT. The Iowa State Democrat was a continuation of the Democratic Banner witli cliauge of name and proprietors. Tlie history of the chani^e and subsequent career of the Democrat is thus given by its editor, Mr. Richardson: " In the summer of 1S55 while the writer hereof was an attaciie of tiie Morning JVeios at Peoria, 111., he was called to the counting-room one day by the proprietor and there in- troduced to a gentleman, a Mr. Henry F. Mitchell, of Davenport, who said. that in his town there was a weekly newspaper office for sale;;the Democracy of tiie place desired to have a daily organ, and that a part of his business at the JVews^ office at that time was to Inquire if he could suggest a probable purchaser who would under- take the enterprise. Conversation then and there held developed the prospect of a hearty co-operation on the part of the Democracy in Davenport, not only in subscription and advertising patronage, but in way of a substantial bonus. Bonus is a very large word to the mind of the young man earnest to start a newspaper. It means ready money — something, very likely, he has not. In this instance it would be at least a $1,000 ! Such a sum, in his opinion, could be readily raised among 20 men of Davenport for any person who would start a dally Democratic newspaper. There was much else said during the hour's conversation about the size of the place, its business and prospects, and tiie conference broke up with one young man determined upon achieving a bonus in Davenport, a newspaper bonus of 81. ""0, perhaps more. " The foreman of the Yews was a Mr. Dalrymple, an accomplished printer, fair writer and business man. Together the plan was talked over. Both were to raise .$250, one to go to Davenport immediately and see if tlie property could be bought on a $500 cash payment, and if so, to write back, but to remain and issue a prospectus, wliile the other party went so St. Louis to raise hissliare of the money. Tlie trade it was found could be made on that basis. St. Louis was visited, but without any cash results; nor could Mr. D. raise his amount. He, too, had failed. The slate was, 'to all visible appearance, smashed; badly smashed. But the bonus! To lose so much waiting money would never do. Hastening back to Peoria, the writer would try anotiier scheme. He was boarding at the time with Mr. James T. Ilildreth — Jud»3 Hildreth as he was then known. The Judge had run a newspaper office up in Kenosha, Wis., had been associate editor of the Peoria Morning 586 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Neios, and had other newspaper experience. His son-in-law, Mr. George R. West, was a compositor on the News. The plan of go- ing to Davenport was broken to the Judge. The patronage and the bonus was considered. It was good in his sight, and right there arranged that if the purchase money could be reduced to about §300 he would put it in and on a basis of SlOO for each of the partners, providing all should share alike in the bonus. " It was so agreed. We left Peoria next morning for Davenport, arriving there in the evening. Mr. Hildreth proceeded to Wiscon- sin to sell some property he owned in the village of Elkhart, to pro- vide for the first payment of the purchase. " The plan worked. Mr. Eagal would accept $300 cash, and a note for the balance of about $200 coming to him, the buyers to as- sume the mortgage held by Samuel R. Millar, of a $1,000 or so. The prospectus had already been issued and circulated far and near. What it said and promised we cannot now say, not having seen it for 20 years. It was written, we were told, by George S. C Dow, Esq., who also christened the new paper as the Iowa State Demo- crat, which name was accepted by the new proprietors. The Banner was a weekly newspaper, located on Second street, now Metropolitan Blook, three doors from Brady's, over a hardware store. To obtain the bonus it was incumbent upon the proprietors to start a daily newspaper. That required money to buy material. The Banner office had material enough for its own use, though con- siderably worn, and a Washington hand-press. The body type was small pica, bourgeois and brevier, none too much for a weekly. We had no money with which to buy material for a daily paper. Right at that point the question of a bonus was broken to the good people. They agreed that such a matter had been considered, but suggested, and rather properly too, as we can now see, tiiat before any bonus was paid to comparative strangers it would be well to have something wherewith to print a daily paper; have the city canvassed to soe if a sustaining subscription list could be secured. " To that latter duty the writer hereof bowed himself, and in the course of a few days was able to answer the question with satisfac- tion, both as to subscriptions and advertising patronage. So mucli accomplished, we went to the type agency of II. A. Porter & Bro., Rock Island, who sold the goods of the White foundry, JMew York, and told them of the plans — the purchase, thejprospectus, the sub. scription and advertising patronage then secured, — and do you imagine we forgot to speak about the bonus? ^Then you are mis- HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 587 taken. The Porter Brothers looked the matter over, and, to the extent of |250 dollars or so, decided to orive credit. This would furnish some new nonpareil advertising and some display type. For reading matter the old fonts in the office must be used, and even though Brother Sanders, of the Gazette, was putting in a steam press and fitting up a new office in Postoffice Block, Brady street, we would run our daily with much toil on our hand-press, and remain in old quarters. "The question was settled — the Daily Iowa State Democrat was to appear on the loth of October, without fail. Business promises poured in and business prospects were flattering. In due time the ]>aper appeared on the date promised; it was printed on a 22 x 32 sheet, seven columns (narrow) to the page. "Moving into the new office in the latter part of November of that year, it became necessary to incur more expenses than had been counted upon, so it was thought best to call in the bonus. The conditions had all been faithfully complied with, and things were moving on with great apparent prosperity. The matter was men- tioned in the usual way, was finally persisted in, and it was then and not until then definitely stated that no bonus had been raised; tiiat it had been talked of and nothing more; that the paper was then on its feet, comparatively out of debt; that Mr. Millar would let his mortgage rest for an indefinite number of years on payment of interest; that the people and the party would give an earnest support; but the bonus — well, to cut it otF here, there was none, probably would be none. '■The firm of Iliklreth, Richardson & West continued until the 11th of September, IS.57, at which time Mr. Hildreth died. The establishment then fell into the hands of the surviving partners, and was published b\' Ricliardson & West until Oct. 11, 1S59, when it was united with the Daily Morning Neios, a Democratic newspaper that had been established three years before. Under this combination the name of the paper was changed to the Dem- ocrat and News, and was owned, to the extent of one-half, by the former proprietors of the loioa State Democrat, three-sixteenths by Thomas McGuire, and five-sixteenths by Alonzo W. Church, and the firm that of McGuire, Richardson & Co. This partnership continued until Feb. 7, 1860, when Mr. McGuire, induced by the ill health of his wife, sold his interest to Mr. George F. Car- penter and returned to Cambria Co., Penn., from whence lie had come to Davenport about six months before. He was one of the old time Democratic politicians of the Keystone State, a fluent 588 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COITNTT. writer and speaker. In July, 1860, Mr. Given retired from the concern, his interest being assumed by the firm of Richardson, "West & Co., which was subsequently bought, in 1864, of Mr. Church for $600. The firm remained as above until May 11, 1863, when Mr. Carpenter and Mr. West disposed of their interest to the parties forming the present firm of Richardson Bros. "Tlie firm of Richardson Bros, has continued without change for the past 19 years, attended by fair business prosperity. The Democrat and News remained in the Brady street office, Post- office Block, until the latter part of 1861, when it removed to Grigg's Block, Perry street, into property now owned by the Ga- zette Company, where it remained until the fall of 1869, when it took possession of its present commodious quarters, which had been built by Richardson Bros, during the summer of that year. The name was changed to its present title in April, 1864. It was first printed by hand; then by power presses until taking posses- sion of its present office, and since by steam. It was started as a seven-column paper, daily and weekly; was enlarged several times, and several times reduced in size, onlj- to be enlarged again, until the present sizes were reached — a daily of nine and a weekly of ten columns. The daily was changed from a morning to an evening paper, April 27, 1863. -jtjf^^- '/, "The present proprietors, D. N. & J. J. Richardson, are natives "'^ of Orange, Orange Co., Vt.; the senior member having been born there March 19, 1832, the junior March 23, 1839. Having served their farm-life apprenticeship to their own satisfaction, they gatli- ered what education they might, and emigrated West, the elder in 185-i, the younger in 1859. The one had gained some practical knowledge of the art preservative previous to his proprietorship, the other achieved his in the Democrat office, closing the days ot his apprenticeship in 1862. From tJie first half of t*iie subsequent year to the present time their labors have been united, constant, almost unremitting. For whatever success they have achieved in their undertaking they have thankful hearts; and as to the good they may have done, they can only wish it might have been greater. " Many are they that have come and gone in the various depart- ments of the Democrat in these many years — quite an army. Of those that were with the paper at its start, Oct. 15, 1855, none remain except the writer hereof. One that came four years later "^=*^':: ,\**4v^. H<^". a < HISTORY OF SCOTT COCNTY. 591 into the newsroom you will find there still — Mr. James H. Doxsee full 20 years at his case; and at the head of the job department, Mr. Albert L. Mossman, its occupant for 15 years." DEK DEMOKRAT. The demand for a newspaper in the German language came about 13 years subsequently to the appearance of the first newspaper printed here in the English tongue. At the time of the appearing of the loxua Sun, in August, 1S3S, there were but three or four German families in this county. From 1838 to 1850 there was a constant flow of German population into Scott County. By 851 there were doubtless a hundred German families here, and the num- ber rapidly increasing, and that time there seemed to be an active demand for a German newspaper. While some of the new-comers from the Fatherland could read English, the large majority were unable to do so; and. being a reading people, felt very keenly the want of a home newspaper printed in their own tongue. More- over, these Germans had come here to stay, to become citizens, to vote. There were aspiring politicians, too, in those days, who hankered for votes — German or otherwise — and lost no time in arranging plans to secure them. Hiram Price, Harvey Leonard, Ezekiel Steinhiller, Jabez A. Jiirchard and Capt. A. H. Davenport became shareholders to a needful amount in a fund that was to establish a German newspaper in Davenport. Arrangements were made with Mr. T. D. Eagal, of the Democratic Banner, to print the paper, and Theodore Guclich, a talented young German, fresh from the battle-fields of the Schleswig-Holstein revolution of '48, in wiiich he had gained many a scar in the name of sweet liberty, was secured as its editor. On an expenditure of about a hundred dollars or so, to which Mr. Price was the largest contributor, some second-hand German type was purchased, and on the 22d of November, 1851, the first number of Der Demokrat was issued. It was a weekly Democratic slieet, printed in folio form, on a sheet 20 x 20 inches, five col- umns to the page. The reading matter was set in small pica type, under a motto of "Liberty for All," and the advertisements in English type, out of the Banner office material. Its place of issue, as we liave said, was from the Democratic Banner office, ]\lain street, where Judge Grant's office now stands. The office of Der Demokrat was soon removed from Main into the house now occu- rs 592 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. pied by Mr. H. F. Laverenz, 318 Gaines street, between 3d and -ith, and had also taken in a partner, Mr. Rudolph Eeichmann, who had arrived here in March, 1S52, from Milwaukee. The ne.xt year, 1S53, they built a small house on the northeast corner of 3d and Harrison streets, where Berg's building now stands, and occupied it in part for a printing otKce and partly for a dwelling, where the office remained until 1855, when Gnelich and Kichmann dissolved partnership, and Mr. Gnelich removed his ma- terial to rooms in a frame building on the south side of 2d street, west of Harrison, where Melchert's hotel now stands. Business continued to improve with Mr. Gnelich. so much so that he deter- mined to start a daily paper. Furthermore, he had then somewhat modified his political fealty, had espoused the Free-Soil creed, and was getting things in readiness for the presidential contest of 1856. So, then, on the 3d of January, 1856, was brought out the first issue oi Der Democrat'' sAa\\j edition. It was printed on a small sheet, 18 X 22 inches, folio form, four columns to the page, well patron- ized by advertisers. In his increased editorial labors Mr. Gnelich was assisted by his friend, Mr. Henry Ramming, whom many yet remember as a prominent citizen, and one of those who laid down their lives in field service in the late war. But Mr. Gnelich did not remain with his paper to take part in the presidential campaign of 1856, for, the opportunity present- ing, he sold out to advantage, and on the 20th of April of that year he turned over the entire concern to Henry Lischer & Co. The Co. was Theodore Olshausen, who was also its editor. The paper moved on prosperously under this firm until June 13, 1860, when it was sold to Messrs. DaldorflT & Ramming, Lischer and Olshausen returning to St. Louis, where they purchased the West- liche Post, and went into business on an enlarged scale. Mr. Lischer, having sold his interest in the Westliche Post, returned to Davenport to look after his unsatisfied interest in the concern, and concluded to take it back, which he did on the 28th of June follow- ing, resuscitating the daily edition on the 25th of the next August, since which time it has appeared regularly and prosperouslv until the present time, without change of owners. A Mr. Kilp under- took the editorial service until the 27th ot the following September, when Mr. J. P. Stibolt, then from Peoria, assumed the editorial chair, which he has so ably filled unto this day. In 1862 the office removed to McManus Block, 2d street, near Main, in order to get more room for its largely increased business, where it remained until August 27, 1877, when it moved to its HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 593 present spacious and elegant quarters on 3d street, near Main, which were built that year by Mr. Lissher, expressly for the use of his extensive establishment. Mr. Geulich went to Burlington iu 1856, and, with Mr. Daldorf, became interested in the Iowa Tribune, a German newspaper, with which he was for several ye.irs connected. He is yet a resident of that city, engaged in the practice of law and insurance business. Mr. Daldorf is in the same place, and has been from time to time engaged in printing and other business. Mr. Ueichman went to Traer, Tama Co., Iowa, where, until within a few, years, he was the editor and proprietor of the Iowa County Independent, and where, as we believe, he yet resides. Olshausen immigrated into the United States in the summer of 1851 ; he resided several years in St. Louis, where he published two pamphlets, containing an accurate description of the States of Missouri and Iowa. He was, moreover, oceupied with some other literary pursuit. In the year of 1856 he removed to Davenport and edited Der Demokrat f(jr abaut six years. Then he went again to St. Louis as co-editor of the Westllch'i Post. In May, 1865, he left for Europe, residing partly in Zurich, Switzerland, partly in Hamburg, where he died March 31, 1869. He had an ardent love of liberty, hated slavery intensively, his mind had a great tendency to idealism, he was strongly guided by principles and was much freer from egotism than human frailty generally is. Neither money nor glory could allure him ; he was mainly guided by his sense of duty and love of liberty. And yet he was banished from his native country which he loved so well. Henry Lischer was born in Bavaria, July 10, 1828; came to this conntry with his parents in 1835; was on a farm live years in St. Clair Co.. III., and then moved to St. Louis, where in ISiO he went into the office of the St. Louis Republican, and after a year, was apprenticed with the Ameiger des Westens, remaining until 1846, when, the Mexican war breaking out, he enlisted in the Don- iphan Regiment of Missouri Mounted Dragoons. The war over he returned to the Ameiger office, of which he became foreman in 1851, and so remained until April, 1856, when, with Thos. 01s. hansen he purciiased Der Democrat in this city, which they sold in 1860 to Daldorf & Ramming, and purchased the St. Louis WestHche Post. In 1861 he sold his share of that piper to Mr. Olshausen, and returned to Davenjiort ; t^ookhnck Der DemoTcrat, and placing Mr. Daldorf in control, with Mr. Kilp as editor, returned to St. Louis 594 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. to serve oat his time in the 3 J Home Guard Regiment ; returned to Davenport in August and revived the daily edition, which has been issued without interruption ever since. And from that daj-^ until now has Mr. Lischer devoted himself solely to the building up of a substantial German newspaper in Davenport. He has succeeded, and in sodoinghas gathered unto himself prosperity and abundance. The small office that he purchased in 1856 has become a large one, the meager material growing into a large and complete outfit ; the dingy little office in an np-stairs roona on Second street to a mag- nificent brick and stone edifice at Third and Main streets, the result of diligent labor. Mr. Stibolt was born in Northern Schleswig-Holstein, in De- cember, 1813, and came to America, landing at Baltimore in June, X 18-47. His coming to America was owing to some diiferences of political opinions and sentiments which had caused a falling out with relations and authorities, and which had also been the means of his disinheritance from his fortune, which up to 1S3S he had been allowed to consider his own. So he camehere without means, except hands, head, and those acquirements of science which he had gained by earnest study in the German universities. For sev- eral years he encountered man}' hardships. In 1852 he came to Alton, 111., and commenced the publication of a paper called " Vo?'- loarts (Progress), which was directed against slavery, and the nterfering of religion and churches in the legislation of State. It was the first paper of the kind ever published in the Northwest, and was not tolerated in a place like Alton. On invitation of friends he removed his press to Galena, 111., where he continued the publication of the Vo7'warts, which had a large circulation in the valley of the Mississippi, but had no hold on the place where it was published. Politically it was not without influence, but financially it was a failure ; for while his books showed a very large list of subscribers, the list of non-paying ones was almost as large. In 1856, on invitation of the Illinois Republican Central Com- mittee, by which he was deceived in the most shameful manner, he went to Peoria, where he was in charge of the editorial department of the Deutsche Zeitutig. He remained there until 1861, when he made arrangements with Henry Lischer to assume the editorial chair ot Der Demokrat, which position he has from that time with great ability filled. Mr. Stibolt takes rank among the oldest and most influential editors of the West. For nearly 30 3'ears he has found constant labor in the editorial chair. For the past 20 years his davs of recreation would not amount to a dozen. HIST0R1' OF SCOTT COUNTY. 595 And 80 from very small beginnings in 1851, we have noticed the constant and substantial progress of Der DemoJcrat — from a weakling, with but few supporters, to a strong concern — the most prominent among the German papers of the State both in wealth and influence. DAVENPORT MORNING NEWS. The sixth newspaper enterprise of any considerable magnitude that blossomed into existence liere was that of the Mornhuj Neios, daily and weekly. It appeared in September, 1856, with full out- fit for doing a regular newspaper and job printing business on a large scale — everything bright and new. George N. Harrington and Franc B. Wilkie were classmates in Union College, New York, in lS55-'6. Young Harrington had a brother John, who is yet well remembered b}' Davenport people as a noted steamboat pilot. He then lived in Davenport, and being a man ot some means, and something of a politician witiial, off'ered to furnish George the money to start a newspaper enterprise in this place. In order to secure editorial talent for the enterprise, George Harrington offered Wilkie a half interest if he would take charge of it. He consented, and so the News appeared. When the News was started a hand- some balance was placed to its credit in one of the city banks. This was so placed to be used in meeting the expenses of the concern until such time as it would be self-sustaining. John Harring- ton, however, in order to double this capital, bet it all in the pres- idential election, which resulted in the choice of James Buchanan, and the money was lost. This led to the very unpleasant and unprofitable necessity of running the paper on borrowed capital, on 30 and 60 day paper. This drawback was not calculated to inspire hope, but still the Neics had friends and kept on. It was a bright, newsy i)aper of four pages, eight columns to the page, well filled with reading and advertising — for in those days, be it known, that Davenport mer- chants and business men advertised with a spirit that was worthy of the cause. Tiie leading editorials were bright and piquant. In the latter part of 1S57, under the impression that there were brighter prospects elsewhere, Mr. Wilkie disposed of his interest in the News establishment to his partner, Mr. George G. Harring- ton, who was to assume all the liabilities. On Mr. Wilkie's depart- ure, the paper was for a short time under the solitary management 596 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. of Mr. Harrington. The new state of affairs being unpleasant, Mr. Harrington sought a buyer, and finally disposed of the entire prop- erty to John Johns, Jr., & Co., and left the place. In 1S59 it became apparent that there was no longer any fat liv- ing for two Democratic dailies in Davenport. The N'ews office was for sale. It chanced that a gentleman. Col. A. Thomas Maguire, came here from Pennsylvania to negotiate for it. Looking the field over in a hurried way. Col. Maguire decided to purchase. A bargain was struck and he went into possession, without payment. He returned to Pennsylvania for his family, leaving Mr. Wallace in charge, and sufficient money to run it a week or two. Return- ing, and finding the receipts and money left with the foreman had not sufficed to keep up expenses, he took alarm and was meditat- ing a retreat. He would have left right away but for the inter- position of mutual friends of the Iowa State Democrat and the News, who proposed a union of the two under one name and man- agement. The Democrat and News became a single paper Oct. 11, 1859, and so remained until April 20, 1861, when the Neios was dropped from the title. LE CLAIKE WEEKLY EXPRESS. In the month of December, 1856, at the instance of the people of Le Claire and those having property interests there, Messrs Harrington & Wilkie decided to start a weekly paper in the "Little Republic." They accordingly visited that city, and, after getting a good list of names, issued two or three numbers of the Le Claire WeeMy Express from the Davenport office, when they disposed of the enterprise to two energetic printers in their office, AVilliam H. Fleming, and William Craig, who removed the material to Le Claire and opened an office there. The paper thus commenced continued with varying success until the fall of 1857, when Mr. Craig disposed of his interest to his partner, who soon strengthened his line by a ]iartnership with Mr. Francis H. Impey, of Davenport. Mr. Impey, in June, 1858, after a rather barren winter in the newspaper line, sold out and quit the editorial chair of the Express^ and Le Claire also. At that time Mr. Edward Kussell, then of Le Claire, now of the Daven- port Gazette, became associated with the editorship of the Expressi but it was up-hill work. No amount of talent could well sustain a newspaper in Le Claire in those times of financial darkness; so in HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 597 October of that year Mr. Fleming closed the office — the Weekly Express was dead. At the best the struggle for life had been a hard one, and after the financial collapse of 1857 it became hopeless. Politically the Erjyress was independent until after the establish- jnent alongside of it ot a Democratic paper, when it became Re- publican. LK CLAIRE REPUBLIC. In December, 1858, Dr. James Van Home, of Le Claire, who had purchased the material of the late Express office, formed with Messrs. Russell and Fleming a co-partnership and started a new paper, the Le Claire Eejmhlic, Mr. Russell, editor, and Mr. Flem- ing, printer. It was started as an experiment and so carried on; subscrijJtions being received at first for six months onl}', and all con- tracts for advertising made to cover that period of time. Twenty- six numbers of the Le Claire Bep'Mie were issued, when the impos- sibility of success having been sufficiently demonstrated the paper stopped, its light went out; it died in peace, owing nobody. It is a matter of wonder if another similar instance can be found in Iowa newspaper experience; paying as it went; taking no subscrip- tions without the cash; receiving a good share of patronage; and the best paper Le Claire had over had. LE CLAIRE REGISTER. Three months after the discontinuance of the Republic, John Trainor King, then of Davcn])ort. bought the material of the Re- public office and established the Le Claire Reyister, a Democratic paper, the first of the "Douglas" variety the county had yet had. And the venture met with better success than any of the others; was better supported than they. But the proprietor, apparantl}' dis- satisfied with the limited field furnished by Le Claire, and perhaps not making anything, notwithstanding the liberal support accorded him, took himself back to Daven]iort, and with him the material of Le Claire's first printing office. In Davenport, in the third story of NichoUs' Block, he established a Democratic-agricultural paper called Ihe People'e Champion and Producer''s Weekly Chron- icle. Too top heavy, it died of overmuch name; or removed from under it in a few weeks to re-appear in Muscatine, where, combin- ing the material with that of the old Democratic Inquirer, was started the Muscatine Review, a daily mid weekly Democratic paper 598 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. which lived until some time in 1861, when the material was re- moved to Keokuk. Mr. King is still living, a resident of Phila- delphia, we believe. DAVENPOET DA.ILT TIMES. Atmo Domini 1858 was proliticof newspapers. Davenport was a city of about 12,000 people, who, in their great forbearance, tol- erated five daily and several weekly newspapers. There were in regular standing at that time the Gazette, Iowa State Democrat, Morning News, and Der Demokrat, all struggling to serve the peo- ple and make a living for the proprietors. And yet, notwithstand- ing all this accumulated weight of talent that had centered here, and the business capacity required to manage these four dailies, there were those who were dissatisfied — who wanted something better and more of it — claiming that the reading community was not well served. Mr. "Wm. T. Clark, of the law firm of Allen & Clark, undertook this work. Along with him in the enterprise he enlisted Mr. Na- thaniel Hawthorne Parker, author of '' Iowa As It Is," and for- merly editor and proprietor of the Davenport Commercial and later with the Iowa Regider, printed at Camauche. On the first of September, 1858, Messrs. Clark, Parker & Co. issued from the job office of Luse, Lane & Co., on Perry street, the first number of the Davenport Daily Times. It was a neat seven column paper of folio form, with a goodly amount of reading matter of no extraordinary stamp, and had a rather meager amount of ad- vertising. DAILY ANTI-KNOW-NOTHING. In 1851 a class of American citizens of foreign descent becoming disgusted with foreigners formed a political party, entirely secret iu its operations, the object of which was to. keep from office and sys- tematically degrade all citizens whose birth happened to have been on the other side of the ocean. In opposition to such a scheme as this, Mr. T. D. Eagal, for the spring election campaign purposes of 1856, started a daily paper under the above heading. The election past, in which both sides claimed a victory, the publication of the paper suspended. BEOBACHTER AM MISSISSIPPI. The second German newspaper was started in Davenport in the summer of 1S56. Der DemoJcrat\\&A retired from the field of Dem o HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 699 cratic politics, and espoused the Fremont side of the presidential campaign of that year. Tlie German Democrats were determined to have an organ, and right away, in the rear of the second story of the Post-office (now Viele's) Block, and on the north side of it was started the Beohachater am Mississippi (Watchman of the Missis- sippi), which was printed on the 1 owa State Democrat press for a while, and afterward moved into Grant's Block, on Main street, where the Ilseics did its press work, and where it ceased to exist as a Davenport institution THE TEMPERANCE ORGAN. In the spring of 1856 the first temperance newspaper was started in Davenport called The Temperance Organ. It was issued from the book and job printing house of Luse, Lane & Co., of which Mr. Price was a part owner. It started as a temperance paper, to per- suade luen from drinking to their own destruction, and did earnest service in that cause. It was a seven-column folio, in new material, and made a fine appearance. It was the first temperance paper in the State, and was published about one j'ear. DAVENPORT COMMERCIAL. In the spring of 185-i. Mr. JS'athaniel Hawthorne Parker started a weekly independent paper in Davenport, its office in the third- story of what was tlieu known as Witherwax Block, southeast cor- ner of Second and Brady streets. It was not a prosperous venture; and in December of the same year he sold out to Mr. Winthrop Atwill, who sought to improve it by changing its name to the Daven- port Courier. He published for a few months only, and closed his oflSce. He sold it the next fall to two young men who made an ef- fort to purchase the Daily Iowa State Democrat office. They is" sued a few numbers of the weekly, and retired from the field. THE DAVENPORT BEE. Early in the year 1854, Mr. DeWitt Carey came here from Ohio and commenced the publication of a weekly newspaper, of the in- dependent sort. It was a folio, seven columns to the page, and had its editorial office in Witherwax Block. Mr. Carey had his work done at the Gazette office. The name of the publication was The Davenport Bee. Its income was about equal to the expenditure ; 600 HISTORY OF scorr county. but Mr. Carey concluded not to make a permanent business of it, suspended publication, and returned to Oliio, where he died some years ago. THE CHIP BASKET, a sort of facetious paper started July 19, 1856, by Hiram A. Keed ; published weekly from the oiBce of Luse, Lane & Co., and contin- ued until September of that year, when its editor went upon the Daily News as city editor. It was a small sheet of four columns, and besides making some fun for the public, made some trouble for its owner, in way of bufietings from the aggrieved. OTHER PAPERS. In 1S54: or 1855 a paper called the Bridge City Record was started here by "Wood, Michener & Co., and was devoted princi- pally to the real estate business, and lived but a few months. In 1856, the old "silver gray" Whigs published a weekly cam- paign paper in the interest of the Bell and Everett ticket. It was called The Union, and was edited by William H. Brown. The principal expense of the enterprise was borne manfully by James M. Dalzell, John P. Cook, and some others. In 1856, and for several years thereafter, a religious paper, in magazine form, called The Evangelist, was published here, the work being done in the Gazette office; the editorial room in Lesslie's Block, northeast corner Brady and Front streets. DAVENPORT DAILY JOURNAL. The Davenport Times of 1858 was the last new daily until the appearance of the Davenport Journal in 1869, a period of 11 years. Mr. Chas. G. Pluramer and Gen. A. H. Sanders undertook to publish this new daily. They bought a complete outfit, and on the 10th day of May, 1SG9, the first number of the Davenport Z^a/Zy Journal appeared. The name was copied from the Evansville Jour- nal, the General's first daily. In size it was a seven-column folio, reading matter in brevier, advertisements in nonpareil. The weekly was one column larger. The advertising patronage was liberal as could have been expected with a new paper, and the enterprise opened with a reasonable degree of promise. Gen. Sanders was editor-in-chief, and his most inveterate enemy would not say that his pen lacked in force, brilliancy or versatility. He was seconded HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 601 at the editorial tabic by Mr. W. II. Rossington, one of the best city quills in the State, while in the business department and general superintendency was Mr. Plummer, a man of considerable printing office experience. In sliort, the Journal had started and come be- fore the public under as favorable auspices as could have been asked for, in every respect save one — there was no room here for another daily. To a person familiar with the workings of such contests for newspaper supremacy it was not difficult to determine the result. The Oazette would not die; the Journal must, and did. On the date stated the public were duly informed of its withdrawal from the field, and all patrons were notified that all balances on unex- pired advance subscriptions would be refunded at the office of the paper. And they were. The Journal proprietors were honorable men, and left no unsettled accounts. The material was purchased by another firm, and reissued Xo- vember 1.5. It was carried on until May 20, 1S70, when it finally suspended. This was the last attempt to found an English daily in Davenport. THE TRUE RADICAL was established in 1867, by a stock company composed largely of Germans, of which Mr. Frank I. Jorvis was the editor-in-chief. It appeared on Saturday, March 'J — of quarto-form ; of good size ; issued weekly at $2. 50 per year, and at the height of its prosperity enjoyed a good circulation, and had many interested readers. One of its chief peculiarities was its reprints of scarce free-thought literature. Rousseau's Confessions of a Savoyard Curate ; Pitts' Letter on Superstition ; Sir W. Drummond's Qildi])us Judajcius ; Laurence's Essay on Functions of the Brain, and other rare tracts were published in full in its columns. It finally declined and died of a combination of fatal disorders, but was in many respects one of the brightest and naost interesting papers ever printed in this country. It was printed by the stock company for over nine months, when the material was sold to Mr. Jervis and Adolphus G. Smallfield, who continued its publication on Harrison street, two doors above Third, west side, until the 7th of January, 1869, when it expired. SUNDAY MORNING TIMES. A weekly literary ])aper with this name was started in this city at the job office of Charles G. Plummer, by 13. II. Evans & Co., on the 5th of February, 1871. After a career of four or five weeks it suspended, and was succeeded by the Sunday Jloming Star. 602 HISTORY OF SCOTT.' COUNTY. SUNDAY MORNING STAR. This was also a literary papar, printed by Charles G. Piummer, the columns of which were enriched by articles from the pens of Mr. Ben. H. Barrows, Frank I. Jervis, and other pleasant writers. It was a very handsome folio sheet with ornamental heading, corners and double rule border, after the fashion of the Xew York Ledger. It failed, however, to meet the expectations of its pub- lisher, and it suspended on the 11th of June, of the same year in which it started. THE- soldiers' FRIEND was a small folio six-column sheet published by C. Augustas Havi- land, who was also its editor. It was started as a helper to its owner's soldiers' war claim operations, and finally drifted into politics. In ]>ursuit of a broader field and a surer fame, it removed to Chicago in 1S69, when it was changed into a semi-literary pub- lication, called the Gem of the West. LE CLAIRE CITY ENTERPRISE. In May, 185S, a man named Robert W. Lawrence, having ob- tained the material of the Camanche Register., brought it into Le- Claire, and started a Democratic paper, called the LeClaire City Enterprise. On his leaving, t!ie Enterprise became the property of H. H. King, who operated it until 1S59, when he quit the iiews- pai;)er field, and the material was returned to Camanche. SCOTT COUNTY REGISTER. This paper, a weekly, was established in LeClaire, Apiil 11, 1866, by Gilbert W. Hunt, on material brought there from the Jachion County Sentinel. On the 14th of December following he took Clint Parkhurst as partner, and it was printed by Clint Park- hurst & Co. until Feb. 2, 1866'7, when Mr. Hunt became sole proprietor, and continued its publication until April IS, 1867, when he sold it to a corporation of Republican politicans. This combination, with Dr. Gamble as editor, ran the paper until April 17, 1868, when they sold it to C. W. Hills, who printed it about six months, when the material was removed to Wilton, Iowa, hav- ing been purchased by Bacon & Eaton, for $600. THE LE CLAIRE PILOT was started in LeClaire, Jan. 6, 1877, by Mr. H. L. Barter, on material previously used in the publication of the Port Byron HISTORY OF SCOTT COCNTV. 603 Weekly. Marcli 22, 18T9, Mr. L. R. Witlierell became a part- ner, and continued until the 29tli of April, 1S79, when he disjjosed of his interest to Mr. W. C. Thornton. The Pilot was snspended in the fall of 1S80. TnE IOWA WORKMAN, a semi-monthly paper, devoted to the interests of the United Order of Workmen, was moved to this city from Kellogg, Iowa, in 1878, by Mr. W. C. McBeth, its proprietor. It is now owned by the Iowa "Workman Company, Frank Rohm as business manager. It is edited by the Rev. W. S. Messmer, and is said to have a wide circulation among the fraternity. WESTERN WEEKLY. In 1872 a small weekly printing office was brought here from Hilton by a man named Clark, who for some time printed a small temperance paper in the second story of tlie building now occupied b}- Bills & Block, Main street, next door south of the Democrat office. In time this merged into a larger paper called the Wstern Weekly, for the publication of which a stock company was sought to be formed. Mr. D. E. Jones, formerly editor of the New T ork Weekly Sun, and later of the Chicago Congregational Herald, was editor for tive montlis during the last yiar of the Western Weekly which closed its uneventful career in August, 1874. THE BLUE KIBBOX NEWS is tiie fourth temperance newspaper organ established in this cit}' Its first issue appeared on tlie 28th of February, 1878, under the ownership and editorial control of Dr. J. B. Morgan. On the 28th of March following, Mr. George W. Calderwood, of Greenville, Ohio, became its editor; and on tlie 22d of May following, Mr. Ed James, of Cross Roads, Scott Co., became lialf owner and city editor. July 4-, 1878, Mr. Solon II. Fidlar, its present editor-in- chief, assumed the ciiair till then occupied by Mr. Calderwood; and Mr. James retired from the firm on the 12th of September follow- ing. In the city department he was succeeded by Mr. A. .J. Flem- ing, the ownership reverting to Dr. Morgan. in July, 1879, Dr. Morgan disposed of the JVows to E. W. Brady, and in August of the same 3ear the name was changed to the Northwestern Nev's, from the fact that other temperance move- ments, using difiercQt colored ribbons, as tlie red, white and ])ur- 604 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. pie, did not like the appellation of the Blue Rihhon Wewe, feeling thev were not so well represented. In November, Mr. Brady changed the form from a quarto to a folio of eight columns to the page. The paper, after an experience such as all temperance papers usually experience, is now upon a paying basis. Edward W. Brady, publisher of the Northwestern News, has had an active life. He was born in Allegheny Co., Penn., Feb. 22 1826. At the age of IS months he was taken to Washington County, in the same State, where he was reared on a farm, and where at an early age he began to "earn his bread by the sweat of his brow," laboring on a farm and in a mill owned by his step- father. He learned to read in the Sabbath-school, and was after- ward permitted to attend the comm:)a schools of his native State for one year; therefore the knowledge he has acquired has princi- pally been outside of the sahjol-room. When 21 years of age he returned to Allegheny County, and worked on a farm until tli3 fall of lSi9, when he came to Iowa and loaated in Louisa County, where he remained until 185S, his occupation while there being that of a farmer, and for a time in business in Wapello. As stated, he cam? to Divenpart in 1S.5S, where he eagaged in the auction and commission business, and then became an insurance agent, removing to Lafayette, Ind. Returning to Davenport he traveled as a salesman for a farming implement house, and then for a window-shade manufactory in Hock Island. In a few months he became a partner in the concern, and finally, in 1874, sole pro- prietor, the manufactory meantime being removed to Davenport. He now sells his goods in 26 States. In 1860 Mr. Brady married Lydia F. Weaver, inDavenport, by whom he has had six children, four boys and two girls. In May 1881, Mr. Brady established the Inter-State JVeivs, an eight-column folio, which has met with good success, and is recognized as a good advertising medium by all classes . THE DATENPOET WEEKLY TELEGRAPH was started in this city, Jan. 26, 1878, by Edward J. Jennings and his son, Vincent Jennings, with the former as editor. It was a nine-column folio, with ''patent insides;" was printed in the Gazette building, aad "devoted to the interests of the people." It survived but a few mouths, and the material was laid away. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 605 DEE BANNER. In 1870 a daily German newspaper of this name was started by a stock company in tliis city. It was Democratic in politics; was first edited by Dr. De Haas, of New York, who remained with it but a few months. It was unprofitable from the start. The stock- holders sold it to Mr. Joachim Saidt, who changed its name to the DeiUscher Anzeiger. Its original office of publication was in the Gazette building, Perry street; but it was by Mr. Sindt removed to Schmidt's Block, Second and Harrison streets. The material was several years ago sold, and on it is now printed the Muscatine Zeitung. THE DAVENPORT FBEE PRESS made its sprightly bow March 30, 1878, edited by Mr. Moses, as a literary and sporting paper. It never bowed again — more's the pity, for its editor fought space with a racy quill. CHAPTER XV. ILLUSTRIOUS AKD PROMINENT DEAD. Scott County has furnished some of her ablest and best men to people " The Cit}^ of the Dead." It is here proposed to give short sketches of some of the prominent ones who have passed away. ANTOINE LE CLAIRE. Antoine LeClaire was born Dec. 15, 1797, at St. Joseph, Berrien Co., Mich. His father was a Canadian Frenchman, his mother, the grand-daughter of a Pottawatomie chief In 1808 he estab- lished a trading post at Milwaukee, Wis., exchanging manu- factured articles for various kinds of furs. In 1809, he engaged more extensively in the business, in connection with John Kinsey, at Chicago (Fort Dearborn then). 111. In 1812, though sur- rounded with the Indian tribes with whom he was trading, and who, through the influence of British emissaries, were generally hostile to the United States, Mr. LeClaire espoused the American cause, engaged actively in the service— was in the contest at Peoria, wherej with others, he was taken prisoner. The prisoners were coutined at Alton, 111., but were released during tlie same year. About this period, at the solicitation of Gov. Clarke, of Missouri, Antoine Le Claire entered the Government service, and was placed at school, that he might acquire a proper knowledge of the English language. In ISIS, he acted as interpreter under Capt. Davenport, at Fort Armstrong; and the same year returned to Peoria, where, in 1820, he married the grand-daughter of the Sac chief, Acoqua, (the kettle). Tlie same year he was sent to Arkansas, to watch the movements of the Indians in that locality. He was returned to Fort Armstrong in 1S27, and was present as interpreter in 1832, when the treaty was made by which the United States purchased of the Sac and Fox tribes the territory West of the Mississippi River. Inconsequence of cholera among the soldiers at Fort Armstrong, the treaty, which would otherwise have been held in the Fort, was transferred to tlie Iowa shore opposite. Here the great chief of the Sacs, Keokuk, made a reserve of a section of land, which he do- (COG) ! T' y V .-a ^ yK^ cy^^^-^^j^- I HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 609 nated to Mr. Le Claire's wife, requiring, as an only condition, that Mr. Le Claire should build his house on the section, and on the spot then occupied by the marquee of Gen. Scott in making the treaty, which condition he afterward filled to the letter. The Sacs and Foxes also gave him another section at the head of the Rapids, where Le Claire now stands. The Pottawatomies, in the treaty of Prairie du Chien, reserved two sections on the Illinois side, which they presented to Mr. Le Claire. The flourishing town of Moline is situated on this reserve. The treaty was ratified by Congress the following winter. In 1S33 Mr. Le Claire was appointed postmaster at Davenport and also justice of the peace, to settle all matters of diflfereuce be- tween the whites and Indians. His jurisdiction extended over all the territory purchased of the Sacs and Foxes west of the Missis- sippi, from Dubuque on the north, to Burlington on the south. The population of Burlington was at this time, about 200; that of Dubuque, about 250. Mr. Le Claire was an accomplished linguist — speaking some 12 or 14: Indian dialects, as well as the French and English. Mr. Le Claire was one of the proprietors of the town of Davenport, and one of its active business men. Ho was possessed of great wealth; has improved the city by a liberal expenditure of a large income, in erecting churches and other public buildings, at his immediate expense. The fine church of St. Marguerite — whose spire reaches from the lofty bluff till it would almost seem to touch the quiet stars, or to mingle with the cloudy glories of a summer's day — was built and furnished by the munificence of Mr. Le Claire. Every- where over the fair city of Davenport are scattered improvements, each of which elegantly and appropriately memorializes his generos- ity. , It is to regretted that a history of his life, embracing its lesser details, could not have been ol)tained, as his whole course has been replete with stirring incidents and romantic adventure. When the jPioneer Settlers' Association was formed, Mr. Le Claire, as the oldest living settler in the county, was elected its first president, and had he not declined a re-election, would have been continued in the offiiu until his ileatli. Tuesday, Sept. 17, 1S61, Mr. LeClaire was struck with paralysis, and rapidly declined until Wednesday, Sept. 25, when he breathed his last, retaining his consciousness until the last. 86 610 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. A meeting of the Pioneer Association was called and arranged ments made to take charge of the funeral. A programme of ar- rangements was formed and 12 members of the association ap- pointed to act as pall bearers. On Friday, the 27th, the body was laid away to rest, followed to the grave by a large concourse of cit- izens. HON. JOHN p. COOK. Hon. John P. Cook died at his residence in Davenport on the corner ot Sixth "and Main streets, at o o'clock on the afternoon of April 17, 1872. He was a native of the State of 'New York, having been born in Whitestown, Oneida Co., in August, 1817. About 36 years ago, when at the age of 19 years, he came to this place with his father, and with him settled on the " Cook Farm,", at the present western boundary of this city. Kemaining there for a year or two, he then prepared himself for the practice of law in the office of his brother, Ebenezer Cook, in this place; removed to Tipton, in Cedar County, and in the year 1842 was admitted to the bar. He married, in 18-42, Miss Eliza A. Powe, of Pleasant Valley, in this county. In 1851 he removed from Tipton to this city, which has been his home to the day of his death. Subsequent to his settling here he was elected to the House of Representatives of the United States, and served his country well and faithfully in the 33d Congress. On the breaking up of the "Whig party he affil- iated with the Democratic party, the principles of which he labored earnestly to sustain and promulgate, even to the end of his days. His life has been one of great energy and industry. He was by natural instinct a true "Western man — a wide-awake, thoroughly act- ive pioneer who never saw the time when he could lay aside the business harness and to all appearance never wanted to. As a lawyer he had few superiors; was always ready, fluent, and an able advocate, and with these qualities were combined energy, tact and industr}-; and tor years past, and up to the day of his demise, no law firm in the Northwest has stood in better repute than that broken by his death. It was but a few months before that the death of his brother, the Hon. Ebenezer Cook, took place. To him was the subject of this notice most devotedly attached. They had been together almost constantly from boyhood; all their business plans were conned over together, neither ever taking an important step without consult- ing with, and probably in some way deferring to, the other. His disease was that of the kidneys. His illness was of long duration, but he bore up to the last with the courage of a brave soul. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Gil He was one of the founders of the Scott County Pioneer Settlers' Association, and always toolv the greatest interest in its gathering. No old settler was more missed in their annual social gathering than he. He was 55 years old at tiie time of his death. JABEZ A. BIRCHARD. Jabez A. Birchard was a native of Pennsylvania, being born at Middletown (now Birchardsville), Susquehanna Co., Oct. 22, ISOi. His parents were ot old Puritan stock and were engaged in agricultural pursuits. Jabez was brought up as a tanner, and merely received the education of a common school in the country. On arriving at man's estate, he purcliased a farm in his own neighborhood, on which he remained until 1836. When about 30 years of age he married Miss Lydia Chamberlain, of Silver Lake, in the same county, who proved a faithful helpmeet, and bore him two sons and three daughters. He moved to Iowa in 1836, imme- diateh' purchasing and settling down on the farm he occupied until the day of his death. Of his children one son died in early manhood; the other occu- pies the homestead. His eldest daughter married a Mr. Le Mar, and lives in Colorado. The second is tlie wife of Mr. Garrett, of Davenport. The third married Mr. Samuel Heagj'. About 10 years previous to his death, while on a visit to Penn- sylvania, he met with a serious accident in falling from a buggy, which permanently lamed him and eventually led to the disease which caused his death. He liad lived for some time knowing that he must soon die, and left all his affairs in perfect order, leaving his family in very easy circumstances. At the last meeting of the Old Settlers' Society before his death he delivered the annual ad- dress, and made touching allusion to his own departure. He died at his residence in Pleasant Valley, on Oct. 20, 1871, at the age of 67 years. His remains were deposited in Oak Dale Cemetery, Davenport. HON. G. C. R. MITCHELL. Hon. G. C. R. Mitchell, late judge of the fourteenth judicial dis- trict of Iowa, was born on the Oth of December, 1803, at Dan- dridge, Jefferson Co., East Tenn. He was educated at East Ten- nessee College (now East Tennessee University) in Kno.xville, Tenn., and was a member of its first graduating class in 1822. His parents having removed to Lawrence Co., Ala., he pro- 612 HISTORY OF scorr county. ceeded thitlier after leaving college, and commenced the study of law under the directions of A. F. Hopkins, of Mobile, and was admitted to the bar in 1825. He practiced successfully in Alabama until 1834, and was several years clerk of the Circuit Court, and was at one time a candidate for circuit judge, but was defeated. Afterward he spent one winter in a tour among the Eastern cities. In the spring of 1835 he decided to settle in Davenport. In 1843 he was elected to the House of Hepresentatives of the Iowa Territorial Legislature. He was nominated as congressional representative from the State in lSi8, but was defeated. He was elected mayor of Davenport in 1856, and served in that capacity one year. In 1857 he was nominated by a meeting of the bar, and elected judge of the fourteenth judicial district, composed of the counties of Scott, Clinton and .Jackson. He held office, however, but a short time, being compelled by ill-health to resign it a year later, intending to return to tlie South. This purpose, nevertheless, he did not carry out, rest and relaxation bringing for a time the needed relief. In April, 1852, he married Miss Rose A. Clarke, of Brown Co., O., daughter of a native Irishman. They had six children, two sons and four daughters, only one son and one daughter of whom survive. Judge Mitchell died on the 6th of September, 1865. As a jurist, he took a high position. He was profoundly discrim- inating, a keen, careful analyst, whose deductions were always re- liable. He was wealthy, with a cultivated literary taste, a choice and ample library, a large social circle of sincere and pleasant friends, and an amiable wife and dutiful children. He enjoyed life as only one surrounded by such circumstances could. DANIEL T. NEWCOIIB. Daniel Tobias Newcomb, son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Wallace) Newconib, was born at Pittstown, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., July 25, 1794:. His youth and early manhood were spent upon his father's farm. In the war of 1812 he served under Gen. Eddy in the inva- sion of Plattsburg, September, 181-4. In 1S22, at the age of 28, he located in Essex Co., N. Y., with the design of cultivating a large tract of land which he owned there, situated in what is now the town of Newcomb, so named after him, incorporated in 1828. J HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 618 July 13, 1S25, he was married to Miss Patience Viele, eldest daughter of Abraham L. and Hannah (Douglass) Vicle, of Pitts- town. Soon after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Newcomb removed to Essex County, then a wild region of the Adirondacks, where they resided some four or five years, when they returned to Pitts- town. Mr. Newcomb's ambition was to become an extensive agri- culturist, and he therefore decided to explore the great West. Leav- ing home in January, 1837, he traveled alone on horseback, with the snow in many places two feet deep, throiigh Western New York, Upper Canada, Michigan, Indiana and Illinois; then crossed into Iowa (then Wisconsin Territory), and decided to settle on the west side of the ''Father of Waters." In September of the same year Mr. and Mrs. Newcomb removed West, accompanied by Mrs. Newcomb's parents and other members of the family. They located in a beautiful part of the country on the Mississippi Kiver, about 15 miles below liock Island, and took possession of a log cabin. At that time there were but two counties in Iowa (then about 25 miles wide), Dubuque and Des Moines. Here they resided several years, enduring all tlie fatigues and privations incident to frontier life in the West. Here Mr. Newcomb found ample scope for the gratification of his -ambition and became the owner oi' large tracts of land in Iowa. He ope- rated one farm in Iowa containing a field of 1,200 acres, all inclosed b}' a substantial fence, which in one year produced the enormous yield of 30,000 bushels of grain. He was one of the first farmers in the State of Iowa to use agricultural machinery. The profits of his estate, under his judicious management and untiring industry in due time accumulated a large fortune. At an early day he decided to make Davenport his future home, and accordingly he removed to that place in 18'12. He afterward erected a splendid residence on spacious grounds. In this lovely home, which commands a cliarming view of the Mississippi River and Rock Island, he spent the remainder of his days, dispens- ing the same generous hosjiitality that he had become noted for in his log cabin in the country. He died of apoplex^^, Dec. 22, 1870, leaving no issue, beloved and respected by all who knew him. Mr. Newcomb was a man of little or no personal pretentions, re- markable for sound judgment, close observation, honest and up- right dealings. His remains rest in the family ground in Oakdale Cemetery, Davenport. 614 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Mrs. Newcomb, who survives lier husband, is truly a remarkable woman, of more than ordinary intelligence. She enters heartily into all philanthropic enterprises, and is liberal in the use of her large fortune. During the late war she was active in the cause of our wounded soldiers, and during the entire period of the war she was an active worker. She was very efficient as president of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Davenport, and also one of the incorpora- tors of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, located in that city. She is an earnest and consistent worker in the Presbyterian Church, and aids largely in maintaining its interests. She sometime since erected the "Xewcomb Memorial Chapel " at Davenport, in memory ot her late husband, and quite recently, with a wise liberality, donated to the Davenport Academy of Science a lot, whereon a fine building is now standing. The im- petus thus given to this^ worthy enterprise has placed the insti- tution in advance of all similar ones in the West. This has been followed by a like donation to the Literary Association in the neigh- boring city of Moline, and others, which serve to show how great is the place she tills in the community. EBENEZER COOK. Ebenezer Cook was .the sou of Capt. Ira Cook, and was born at New Hartford, near Utiea, Oneida Co., K Y., Feb. 14, ISIO. "While yet a boy his father moved tu Broome County in the same State, where he was extensively engaged in the lumber business. Ebenezer at the age of 17 went tolthieaas the confidential agent of Hiram Powers, in a wholesale house tiiere. When 23 years ot age he married at Undilla, Miss Clarissa C. Bryant, and soon after went into the mercantile business, at Vienna, Ontario Co. In May, 1835, with his old friend and earliest patron, Hiram Powers, he jour- neyed via the lakes to Green Bay, then on horseback through the Indian country to Galena. There they heard such glowing accounts of the lands of Iowa and the opposite shores of the Missis- sippi that on returning to New York State, the entire family de- cided upon leaving their eastern home for a new one in the regions beyond the Mississippi. Ebenezer did not accompany them but followed in December, 1S35. In 1838 he commenced reading law with Judge Williams, and was appointed clerk of the Federal Court in 1839, being admitted to the bar in 1840. He soon obtained an extensive practice in 10 counties. UISTORT OF SCOTT COUNTY. 615 In 1847 he commenced the locating of land warrants issued un- der the Congress ot IS-io, and this led him to active operations in real estate which he successfully carried on until the railroad ex- citement of 1851, '52, '53, when he took an active part in the new movement for the advancement of the State by these means, be- coming a director of the Chicago & Rock Island Road from its first organization; was elected secretary and vice-president of the old Mississippi & Missouri Road, and at the consolodation of the two roads, as the Chicago R )ck Island & Pacific, he became treasurer, afterward vice-president, and was at the time of his death acting president of the same road, which loses one of its most valuable and energetic chiefs. The handling of large sums ot money during his land warrant business drew his attention to banking, and he became a member of tlie firm of Cook tt Sargent, until 1859, when he withdrew to devote his whole attention to the interests of the railroad. Although a consistent and patriotic member of his party he took no active share in politics, and never sought or solicited any office in his life. He had his share of civic honors, being elected alder- man of Davenport in 1851, again in 1S51, and honored with the mayorality in 1658. He died at iiis home in Davenj^ort, on the Sth day of October, 1871, aged 61 years and eight months. WILLAKD BARROWS. Willard Barrows was born in Monson, Mass., in 1806. At the age of 10 years his father removed, witli his family, to New Braintree, where the subject of this notice spent most of his youth- ful days. He left the parental roof at the age of 15, and after spending some time in Pomfret and Thompson, in Connecticut, at school, he passed two years at Brimfield, at the home of his uncle, and in 1827 located in Elizabethtown, N. J. He was for many years a very acce]>table teacher of youth in that place, and married there in 1832. His natural love of the " wild and beautiful " in nature, led him to select as his profession for life that of a surveyor and engineer. His first introduction to his profession was on a con- tract with the Government in 1835, to close up the public surveys of the Choctaw Indian Purchase, in the State of Mississippi. In the spring of 1838 he returned to New Jersey, having been absent from his family for nearly two years, and returned with them in July ot that year, and settled in Rockingham, five miles below 616 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Davenport. In 18i0 Mr. Barrows was engaged in the survey of the islands of the Mississippi, from the mouth of Eock River to Quincy, 111. In 18il and '42, the public surveys being suspended, he turned bis attention to farming, and, being justice of the peace, postmas- ter and notary public at Rockingham, his time was occupied in discharging these duties until the spring of 1843, when he was sent into the couutry lying north of the Wisconsin River, called the Kickapoo country, to perform the surveys of that rough, broken, uninhabited land, where he spent most of that season. "Barrow's Xew Map of Iowa, with Notes," was published in 1854, by Doolittle & Munson, Cincinnati, and was a work at that day, of much importance. From 1845 to '50, Mr. Barrows was engaged most of the time in the surveys ot the Government. He has at different times given letters to the public, containing much valuable scientific and other information, while his work upon the map of Iowa has done more to disseminate a knowledge of our State than anything of the kind ever published. He died in 1868. ADRIAN H. DAVENPORT. One of the most prominent men in Scott County during the first 20 years of its existence was Adrian H. Davenport, who was born in Shawneetown, 111., March 14, 1812, the son of Marmaduke S. Davenport. His father was appointed Indian agent on Rock Island in 1832, and it was then that the family came to tlie island to live. Adrian H. was married on the island in 1833 to Miss Har- riet Lane. Mrs. Davenport proved one of the best of wives and mothers, and he survived lier loss less than a year, she dying in June, 1880. In March, 1834, Adrian Davenport made a claim at Rockingham, and he, his father, his Uncle James, and Col. John Sullivan became proprietors of the site, and laid out the town, while Adrian established a Mississippi ferry between Rockingham and the mouth of Rock River, which was opposite. He kept a gen- eral store at Rockingham, and did a very large business. He was the moving spirit in Rockingham until along in 1840, when Dav- enport was established as the county seat, and tlie desertion of Rockingham commenced, the leading spirits aside from Mr. Dav- enport striking out for Davenport. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 617 In 1S47 he, with liis father, removed to Le Claire, where they had acquired considerable property. Mr. Davenport soon became the leading man in Le Claire; was the lirst mayor of the town, and was re-elected every spring for several years. After Mr. Davenport moved to Le Claire he became engaged in river business, and for years was captain of the finest steamboats on the Upper Mississippi. Capt. A. H. Davenport was appointed sheriff of Scott Co., Iowa, in 1838, by Gov. Lucas, to succeed Maj. Frazer "Wilson, who was the first sheriff of the county appointed by Gov. Dodge, under the territorial government of Wisconsin. Capt. Daven- port served under this appointment till 1839, when the office of sheriff was made elective by a change in the organic law of the territory. Capt. Davenport was then elected and re-elected every two years till 1846, when, under the law, he could serve no longer. The Captain then retired to private life and in 1847 moved from Rockingham to Le Claire and became largely interested in the latter town. He bought the machinery of the Rockingham Steam Mill and brought it to Le Claire in 1848 and erected a steam flour- ing and saw mill, and in company with Mr. Samuel Lyter engaged extensively in a general mercantile business. Mr. Lyter was suc- ceeded by Mr. Robert Christie. The mill erected by Capt. Daven- port burned down in a year or two after it was built, and he, in companyiwith R. H. Rogers, James Jack and Winchester Sherman, built a much more extensive flouring mill on the same site and also built the saw-mill now owned by Mr. Strahbun. Capt. Daven- port was also one of a company who built the " boat ways " in Le Claire. On the 11th of May, 1880, Capt. Davenport was stricken with paralysis, and for a month after his life hung in the balance; but he recovered only to experience a similar attack a few days before his death, whicii occurred March 27, 1881, at his home in Le Claire. Six children were left — J. H. and W. A., esteemed citizens of Le Claire; Mrs. Anna E. Hewitt, of Marion; Mrs. Sarah McCaffrey and Mrs. Elvira Gardner, of Le Claire; and Mrs. Virginia Hen- derson, of Princeton. FATHER PALAMORGtJES. The Very Reverend John Anthony Marie Palamorgues departed this life in his native place, Ste. Geneveive, France, on the 19th of November, 1S75, aged about 70 years. 618 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COtTNTrY. He was born at Ste. Genevieve, France, about 1806 ; was edu- cated to the priesthood, came to America in the year 1838, and ar- rived in Davenport, where he had been sent as a missionary priest, Aug. 1, 1839. He came a perfect stranger, and without knowl- edge of the English language, poor of purse, yet rich in faith in his church and mission, and full of determination to excel in good words and good works. The church, St. Anthony's, in which he was to minister, had been commenced the year before (1838), and was at his coming al- ready completed. Father Palamorgues was the first to assume the charge of this church, which he retained as priest, teacher, and philanthropist until May, 1868, when he retired from his people to spend the rest of his days among his kindred in his native village in France. At his coming to this charge there were only about 400 Catholics in the Territory of Iowa, and he lived here to see the number in- creased to 125,000; the priesthood increased from two to 70. The school which he opened in 18i0 was the first common school in Davenport, and had among its scholars as many children of Prot- estants as of Catholics. ^ The entire people were sorry that he went away ; and at a meet- ing of the Pioneer Settlers' Association in January, 1S71, a motion was unanimously adopted that an address be sent to him at Ste. Genevieve, France, showing their eai-nest desire for his return to Davenport. This he was forced to decline. MAEGUEEITE LE CLAIKE. Mrs. Marguerite Le Claire, wife of the late Antoine Le Claire, died at the family residence, in Davenport, Oct. 18, 1876. Mrs. Le Claire was born at Portage des Sioux, St. Charles Co., Mo., Oct. 16, 1802. She was the daughter of Antoine Le Page, a Canadian, and the grand-daughter of the Sac chief, Acoqua (the kettle), the leading chief of his nation. Her early life was spent in her native village, where her education was superintended by one of the orders of nuns, under whom she studied French and English. In 1820 she was married to Antoine Le Claire in Peoria, who was then acting as interpreter between the Indians and the Government, and frequently accompanied her husband on his ex- cursions among the Indians in Arkansas, whom he was sent to watch, when acting as scout or interpreter for the Government, HI8T0KY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 619 during seven years. During her residence in Davenport, and be- fore and since tlie deatli of her husband, delegations of the Sac and Fox Indians visited her place every year, where they were always made welcome, entertained as long as they wished to re- main, and when leaving, always carried away as a free gift what necessaries they required — corn. Hour, etc. Being an earnest and devout Catholic, her own Church and sect were recipients of her charity to a very large degree ; but as said before, when called upon for aid to any public or philanthropic enterprise, she never stopped to inquire as to creed or sect, all alike being partakers of her bounty. She died about nine in the morning, after receiving at the hands of Father Cosgrove the sol- emn rites of the Church of which she was a devout and consistent member. The funeral sermon was preached by Father Cosgrove, in St. Marguerite's church, of which she was a member, and which was built and furnished by her husband during his lifetime. Her re- mains were deposited in the burial lot beside her husband at the entrance of the church. JOHN OWENS. John Owens was born in AVales, March IS, 1793. lie was brought to this country while yet an infant, and grew to boyhood and manhood in New York City, and was one of those who enlisted in the great struggle of the Kevolutionar}' war in 1S12. At the close of that war, he removed with his parents to Cincinnati, where he resided for many years. He was here married to Miss Eunice Meeker. In 1S38 he with his family removed to Davenport, whore he met another poineer from Cincinnati, who had preceded him, D. C. Eldridge, to whose log cabin Mr. Owens and family were made welcome guests. A short time after his arrival he engaged in the grocery and dry- goods business, in which he continued for more than 30 years, re- tiring only a few years before his death. For a number of years he held the position of director of the Davenport National Bank. He never held but one public position, trustee of Davenport, in 1839, although he was frequently solicited to run for office. In all the relations of life — father, husband, friend, neighbor, citizen, he was loving, affectionate, true, good and loyal, and his death was mourned by man^' outside of his family and relatives. 620 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY For years he had been a member of the Christian Church and lived a consistent life, believing in and rigidly following the golden rule — "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." He died at his residence in Davenport, Wednesday, Sept. 27, 1876, at the advanced age of 84. NATHANIEL SQUIRES. Nathaniel Squires died at his home in East Davenport, at 5 A- M., Jan. 22, 1878. Mr. Squires was born Aug. 12, 1807, at Dansville, New York. His school days ended when he was 16 years of age, and he served an apprenticeship to a carpenter and joiner for four years, becom- ing a first-class mechanic before he was of age. In 1837, having married two years previously, he determined to move West, and he stopped not till he had reached the Mississippi, then the west line of a far distant frontier, crossed it and landed in Davenport. As contractor he built many of the best buildings erected in the city during the years he was in business. Mr. Squires was noted for his push, promptness and ability as a builder, and much of the time he was sought after by persons who had large jobs which they wanted pushed. He prospered and achieved a competency long before he gave up his occupation. He could have held lucrative positions " for the people " but he was no politician, no office-seeker, and about the only positions lie ever held were those which required much work for little pay — as the office of alderman, which he filled four years, or from the spring ot 1849 to the spring of 1853. DAVID S. TRUE. David S. True was born in Kennebec Co., Maine, in Septem- ber, 1823. He was a farmer's son, a member of a highly respecta- ble family of five. His father died when he was about two years old. He was brought up on the home farm, attended the common school; was an apt and eager scholar; worked his way upward among thebooks,and entered college and graduated with highest hon- ors. After graduating he was immediately chosen principal of one of the leading academies of Maine, where he taught with great success for two or three years; but, his health failing, and having a strong desire for travel, he resigned his position and spent some two years in the most interesting parts of Europe. I HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 621 Returning to America in 1852, and having expended tlie little means he had acquired by teaciiing, he resolved upon establishing himself in the far West and entering upon the practice of law. having already thoroughly prepared himself for the high duties of that profession. He opened a law office in 1852, in the Le Claire Block, Davenport, with a meager library and almost penniless. Practice gradually came to his hands, his business was well and ably attended to and success attended him. In 1859 Mr. True was united in marriage with Miss Jennie F. Forrest. In the fall of 1873 he returned from Colorado, in low health. For the last three months of his life he was confined to the house most of the time, suffering but little, but gradually sinking until the vital spark finally expired. David S. True was a man of a thousand, as his name might seem to indicate. So he was, a true man in every sense of the word. He was a true citizen and neighbor; in professional duties and business pursuits, he was true as steel; a true husband and friend. As a member of the bar he was clear headed, taking a ready and strong grasp upon the subject in hand. Careful, exact, a sound judge of law, thoroughly reliable as a legal adviser, able, impres- sive, and eloquent as an advocate. Ho died at his rooms in the Newcomb House, Davenport, Iowa, April 23, 1873, in the 50th year of his age. HON. JOHN L. DAVIES. John L. Davies was born in South Wales, in the year 1813. By trade he was a carpenter, as was his father before him. At the age of 18 he left the land of his birth and came to America, settling for a while in Cincinnati. In May, 1S40, he was married to Margaret Jones, with whom he lived until the day of his death in great peace and happiness. Shortly after his marriage he moved to Iowa, settling in Davenport in March, 1841. Upon arriving he immediatel}' purchased property and built a small house, the same, with its additions from time to time, that he lived and died in. From the time of his coming he pursued his trade with energy, and was a leading builder in the earlj' days of Davenport. Politically he was a power of strength in the Republican party, and, thougli never seeking office, he probably had as much to do with shaping the affairs of his party as any other man in its ranks in the State. 622 BISTORT OF SCOTT COUNTY. He made his purse, his pantry and his wardrobe literally a horn of plenty to countless soldiers' families and soldiers' widows and orphans, which enabled him to realize how much more blessed it is to give than to receive. He died at his home in Davenport, March 28, 1872, in the 59th year of his age. JONATHAN PAEKER. Jonathan Parker was born at Clarendon, Rutland Co., Vt., May 7, 1786. He passed the first 20 years of his life on his father's place ; in his youth he helped to make the farm. Many an acre did he help to clear of its forest trees. In 1806 he left home to take a look at the outside world— a bundle of clothes his only baggage. He found himself at Cambridge, near Boston, at the end of the fourth day, and on the next day hired out to a farmer with whom he had stayed during the night; wages, $12 a month and board. He worked on that farm five months. He married Naomi Titus, whom he had known from boyhood, and together they lived till March, 1875. In 1811 Mr. Parker and famih' left Clarendon for good, moving to Sherbrooke, Canada. The year 1825 found him in Luzerne Co., Penn., where he became a partner with Major Sterling in a woolen factory , where he remained 12 years. In the spring of 1830 he went to Albany, New York, by canal; bought a horse and buggy, which he drove to Buftalo; thence by steam passage to Chicago; thence to Davenport, where his children had all preceded him, two sons having come out in 1836, and two dai;ghters in 1838. During his connection with the Bingham estates he studied civil engineering, and became a competent surveyor of lands. This business he resumed in this country, and had plenty to do in those days. In 1850 he ran the first line for the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad, from Peru to Rock Island, as deputy under Colonel R. P. Morgan ; surveyed the section lines to give angles for right of way along the lines. During the same year Mr. Parker, by order of the City Council of Davenport made a map for a railroad between Davenport and San Francisco. He was the father of seven children, two of whom died before he came to Iowa. One lies buried in Yermont, another in Canada; the two eldest lie in the cemetery at Davenport, one of whom, Jonathan W. Parker, was one of the earliest lawyers in Daven- port, and one of the ablest of his time in the State, a member of HISTOKT OF SCOTT COUNTT. 623 the Iowa Territorial Legislature, and speaker of the State Council, and Mayor of Davenport in 1841. The other children are Mrs. Sarah N.. Bonne}- (deceased), Hon. Geo. W. Parker, J. Monroe Parker, and wife ot Hon. James Thorington. Mr. Parker died April 22, 1875, just one month and one day after his beloved wife ; they were both 89 years of age. He died of congestion of the lungs. BEZALEEL SANFORD. Bezaleel Sanford was born in Litchfield, Conn., July 7, 1786. He passed his boyhood in his native village, and when a youth joined an elder brother in Central Vermont, becoming a clerk in a store for him, and gaining the rudiments of a business education. At the age of 21 he emigrated to the village of Herkimer, N". Y., where he was engaged as a salesman in a store for six or seven years. Desiring to see something of the world of business he removed to the city of New York, where he entered a large store as a clerk In that city he married Miss Ora Worthington. She died in Davenport in 1863. Mr. Sanford enlisted as a soldier in the war of 1812, and did a patriot's duty in defending his country in her last contest with Great Britain. After the war, he returned to New York City, where he pursued his vocation as salesman until about the year 1818, when he became a commercial traveler. In 1838, he concluded to settle in Cincinnati, and the fall of that year found him in the metropolis of Ohio with his family. There he remained, en- gaging in miscellaneous business until 1840, when he removed to Davenport, his son-in-law, the late Alfred Sanders, having preceded him. Mr. Sanford purchased a farm near Rockingham. He farmed over tiiree years in this place. In 1S44 he sold the farm, and moved to the city and went into the drug and grocery trade. He remained in trade here till 1851, when he purchased a lot on the southwest corner of Brady and Second streets for $2,000, a two-story brick residence being included in the purchase. He erected a frame building on the south end of the lot and removed his goods to it. Mr. Sanford came of a long-lived family. Of eight brothers and sisters, seven lived over 80 years. He was the father of four children. Mrs. M. A. Sanders, Mrs. Charles Leslie (deceased), D. W. C. Sanford and one who died in infancy. Mr. Sanford was an honest and upright man. No one who knew him ever thought 624 BISTORT OF SCOTT COUNTY. of doubtinej bis word. He would keep a promise at whatever cost to himself. He died on the 15th of January, 1873, at the residence of his daughter, Mrs. M. A. Sanders, in his 87th year. CAPTAIN LE ROY DODGE. ■ Le Roj Dodge was born in Herkimer Co., li. Y., Dec. 25, 1811, acquiring what education the common schools of that place and time afforded. In 1832, coming West, he arrived at Dubuque, lured thither by the reported discoveries of rich lead mines. But he found the mining business over done and secured a posi- tion as clerk in the postoffice at Dubuque and afterward as clerk on one of the steamboats plying between that point and the city of St. Louis. He came to Scott County in 1S36 and purchased the place where lie afterward made his home, about tlie year 1843- Kising in his business from clerk to master he was subsequently proprietor of a number of boats, prominent among them the "Jas. McKee" and the " Keokuk." He retired to his farm about the year 1859 with an ample fortune, the basis of which was untiring hard work and an indomitable will. He died June 27, 1871. Of his children, Mrs. E. E. Cook and Mrs. C. G. Raguet are residents of Davenport, while Worth Dodge, his youngest son, is living with his mother, Eliza M. Dodge, widow of the subject of this sketch, at the old home near Buffalo. Captain LeRoy Dodge represented Scott County in the State Legislature as a Democrat, a character which he ever uncompro- misingly sustained. EOSWELL H. SPENCEE. Koswell H. Spencer was born at Vergennes, Vt., April 4, 1809, and was nearly 6S years of age at the time of his death. In 1830 he came West to Greene Co., 111., stopped there a few months and then volunteered in Capt. Lorton's company of Illinois Militia for the Black Hawk war. At the expiration of an- other year, which was at the close of the war, he came to Rock Is- land and remained, until 1834, when he crossed over to the other side of the river to what was then Wisconsin Territory, and settled permanently at Valley City, 10 miles above Davenport on the river. He then opened up a farm and built a saw-mill on Spencer Creek, the latter being accomplished in 1836. A few years later, upon the organization of Scott County, he was elected county treas- urer. Following his business faithfully and energetically, he in ^7^^^ o^^€^^^;-^/ ^y^^-^^ 1 (j HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 627 1855 found himself possessed of 700 acres of land and surrounded with all the comforts and delights of an elegant and commo- dious home. The financial panic of 1857 coming on unexpectedly, he became very seriously involved, and in 186'2 came out of his difficulties with only a few thousand dollars left, with which he purchased a farm in Cedar Co., Iowa, whither he removed. He remained there two years, and spent two years in Cxeneseo, Henry Co., 111., and in 1866 removed to the city of Hock Island where he engaged in the grocery business until iiis health necessitated his retiring from active business. He was married in 1836 to Martha A. Henley, daughter of Ste- phen Henley, who had settled in Pleasant Valley with his family, about a year before. They had a family of nine children. His wife, whom he survived nearly four years, was a woman of most saintly character. Mr. Spencer died on March 14, 1876, at Rock Island, at the resi- dence of his brother, John W. Spencer, in the 6Sth year of his age. ALFRED SANDERS. The subject of this brief memoir was born in Cincinnati, O. , on the 13th day of May, 1819, and died at his residence in East Davenport, Iowa, April 25, 18*^5, ^ed 46 years. His disease was typhoid fever. His body was conveyed to the Christian chapel in his adopted city, attended by the "Old Settlers" and a large company of his fellow citizens. Appropriate services were observed by the Church of which he was a member ; and a suitable address was made by the pastor, Elder James Challen. His body reposes in Oakdale Cemetery-. He was the third sou of Hezekiah Sanders, one ot the pioneer settlers of Cincinnati, who died in 1836, leaving a wife and a family of five sons and two daughters. 'His parents belonged to the Society of Friends. Among the survivors is Gen. Add. H. Sanders, who was long associated with him as co-editor of the Daily GazMe, and who, by his ready pen and spicy articles, full of wit and humor, has won for himself an enviable reputation as public journalist. His eminent services in the late war have en- rolled liis name among the patriots and defenders of his country. Alfred Sanders received a good education, and finished his Aca- demic course of studies in Woodward College, Cincinnati. He had 87 628 HISTORY OF SCOTT COTINTy the reputation of being a good scholar, — moral, upright, courte- ous and kind. He was ambitious to excel in those studies that pleased him, and took a high position in the several classes in his favorite Altna Mater. In 1841 he arrived in Davenport, Iowa, and was married in 1842 to Miss M. A. Sanford, the j'oungest daughter of B. Sanford, Esq. They had six children, two sons and four daughters, of whom four survive. On the 11th of August, 1841, he brought to the city the press and materials for a printing establishment, and soon opened an office and commenced the publication of the Weekly Gazette, the first number of which was issued on the 2oth of August of the same year. In August, 1853, he commenced a tri-weekly, with most favorable prospects ; and in October, 1854, the first number of the daily was issued. Alfred Sanders continued his services as principal editor until, in 1862, he sold out his entire interest to the present proprietors, and retired to a less active employment in life. By his pen and tongue he urged the election of John C. Fre- mont in 1860, and afterward, that of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency, and stood by our chosen chief to the last, and sought no reward but that which conscience and a sense of duty would grant. He was a devoted student of. the natural sciences. In early life he made botany a specialty, and was very successful in its prose- cution. During the first year of his residence ia Iowa he spent much time in the prairies and woods making collections of plants, analyzing and classifying them. He was an antiquarian, and especially was he fond of that branch- of it that is denominated neumisrnatics. For many years he was engaged in collecting coins and medals, and whatever would represent their values. He paid much attention to conchology, and made a large collection of sliells from our Western waters in addition to those obtained from abroad. These he classified and named, and designed to arrange in his cabinet. In the latter years of his life he was zealously de- voted to the study of geology. His library was enriched with works upon this subject, and he constantly read and studied them, and practically engaged in its pursuit. HON. WILLIAM B. CONWAY. "William B. Conway, a pioneer lawyer of Davenport, died at Burlington, Iowa, Nov. 6, 1839. At the time of his death he was secretary of the Territory of Iowa, and was regarded as one of the HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 629 most gifted men in the Territory. His body was received in Dav- enport on the 9th of November by a committee appointed for the purpose, and was conveyed to St. Anthony's church, where the solemn services for the dead were performed by the Rev. Father Pelainorgues. A meeting was held on tlie morning of the 9th, whose proceedings were solemn and impressive. PUBLIC MEETING. At a meeting of the citizens of Davenport, convened at Davenport Hotel on Saturday, Nov. 9, 1839, to testify their respect for the memory of William B. Conway, deceased, late secretary of tlie Ter- ritory of Iowa, T. S. Hoge was called to the chair, and G. C. R. Mitchell appointed secretary. On motion it was ordered tiiat John H. Thorington, Thomas S. Hoge, Duncan C. Eldridge, Ira Cook, G. C. R. Mitclieli, Richard Pearce, Antoine Le Claire and John Owens be appointed a com- mittee to make the necessary arrangements for the funeral of the deceased, and also to draft and report resolutions expressive of the sense of this meeting. The committee having retired for a short time reported the fol- lowing resolutions which were unanimously adopted : Hesolved, That this meeting has heard with the most profound regret of the death of William B. Conway, Esq., late secretary of the Territory of Iowa. Possessing a mind richly cultivated and improved, a disposition amiable and kind, he was generous and hospitable; of manners the most bland and courteous, respected, honored and beloved by all who knew him. We feel that in his death this neighborhood has lost its brightest ornament, and the Territory one of its ablest and most worthy officers and highly valued citizens. Resolved, That this meeting sincerely condole with the family of the deceased in their severe and deep affliction, and pray that He who tempers the blast to the shorn lamb may support and pro- tect them. Resolved^ That as a mark of respect for the memor}' of the deceased, we will wear the usual badge of mourning for 30 days. Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be signed by the chairman and secretary, and the Iowa Sun and other papers throughout the Territory be requested to publish the same. 630 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Resolved, That Antoine Le Claire and G. C. R. Mitchell be, and they are hereby, appointed acommittee to deliver a copy of the proceedings of this meeting to the respected widow of the deceased. Th. S. Hoge, C kairman. G. C. R. Mitchell, Secretary. On the 11th, a meeting of the bar of the Territory of Iowa was held at Burlington to testify respect to the memory of the deceased , and the following was their expression : " A distressing dispensation of Prov^idence having deprived us of the society of one or our body, whom, during his residence among us, we had learned warmly to esteem, we feel called upon to express our deep regret for his untimely death, and of the esti- mation which his amiable and excellent'qualities universally com- manded. Therefore, ^Resolved, That our brother, the late William B. Conway, had, by his amiable manners, unexceptionable deportment, as a member of the bar, greatly endeared himself to his associates, the members of the bar, of the Territory, generally. Resolved, That by his death the bar has been deprived of an able member, the Territory of a faithful officer and valuable citi- zen, ourselves of a devoted friend, and his wife and child of their only protector. Resolved, That we take this method of expressing our deep regret at his untimely death, and of our condolence with the relatives of the deceased, and of bearing testimony to his many virtues. Resolved, That we testify our respect for the memory ot our deceased brother by wearing the usual badge of mourning for 30 days. Resolved, That David Rorer, Esij^., present these resolutions to the Supreme Court of the Territory for the purpose of having them entered on the record of the court. Charles Mason, Chairman. Wm. J. A. Bradford, Secretary. J. DUNCAN PUTNAM. Davenport lost one of her most useful citizens in the death ot Joseph Duncan Putnam, who died Dec. 9, 1881. lie was born in Davenport — the son of Charles E. and Mary Putnam — in October, 1855, and had entered his 27tli year, his age being 26 years, one month and 22 days when he died. His health was never very good, but from the days when he became able HISTORY OF SCOTT CODNTT. 631 to read, he manifested a strong desire for study. lie early devel- oped a fondness for the study of insect life, and never tired of it. In the course of time his correspondence on the subject became very extensive, and the most eminent scientists in the world became his correspondents and his admirers and friends, lie became a mem- ber of the Davenport academy of science when a youth, and our city readers know that it is owing to his efforts and the work of his parents that the academy has become the noted institution it is. He represented the Davenport academy of science at several meetings of the national association for the promotion of science, and wherever he traveled was treated with respect and honor by men of science. Last year he was elected ])resident of our acad- emy of science, and died in the position. His death is an irreparable loss to the academy. He studied and toiled in its interests; he and his devoted parents made it wliat it is. and it exists as his monument. ROBERT M. PRETTTMAN. Robert M. Prettyman was born July 5, 1818, in Sussex Co., Del., and was the son of Isaac and Hannah Prettyman. Robert M.'s mother died in Sussex when Robsrt was only four years old, and his father died six years later, leaving him an orphan at the ten- der age of 10 years. He was the youngest of three children and the only son. After the death of his father Robert went to live with his grandmother, and continued to live with her until ho was 17 years old, when she apprenticed him to a dry -goods merchant to learn the business. He remained with him until he was 21 years old. Then he emigrated, and in 1839 arrived in Davenport and took a situation as a clerk in a hotel for three months, then took a position as bookkeeper in the dry-goods store of J. M. D. Burrows, and afterward became Mr. Burrows' partner in various lines of trade. They carried on the dry -goods business and milling and were the representative merchants of that day. Mr. Prettyman withdrew from the milling business after their new mill was built, and afterward withdrew from the firm, and took the agency of a line of steamers on the Upper Mississippi, which position he held to the day of his death, whicli occurred in Davenport, Sept. 3, 1873. Robert M. Prettyman was married to Julia H. Logue, Aug. 14, 184r3, in Davenport. 632 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. EUGENE BIRCHABD. Eugene Birchard was born June 16, 18iO, on the farm whore he died, at Pleasant Valley, Scott Co., Iowa, in a log cabin, such as the pioneers erected for their first homes in the county. He was the son of Jabez A. Birchard, who settled in Pleasant Yalley iu 1836. The family is of the good old Puritan stock which emi- grated from New England over a hundred years ago. Eugene Birchard was reared in Scott County, and never had a home any where else. He received his education at Lumbard University, Galesburg, 111., and after he returned home from that institu- tion he settled down to his father's calling, that of a farmer. In his young manhood he was married to Miss Kittle Donoldson, daughter of James Donoldson. He filled the office of township clerk and township trustee several years. He took active interest in other local matters of importance. He became attached to the Democratic party on reaching his ma- jority, and had great inflnence in its councils in the county ; and when that party united with the Liberal Republicans and came into power in 1S73, Mr. Birchard was elected member of the loth General As.sembly ; he served his constitutents so well and honor- ably in that bodv, tiiat two years later he was reelected, becoming a member of the 16th General Assembly. In the fall of 1873 he was taken with hemorrhage of the lungs whilst on a hunting e.xcursion and remained in a feeble condition during tiie winter, and in tlie spring went to Colorado in hopes of getting relief, and for a time was feeling better and quite hopeful. Returning in the fall it was evident to his friends that his course was nearly mm. He died Dec. 14, 1S79, at his residence. He left a wife three daughters and a son. R. S. Hunting preached the funeral sermon. JAMES MACKINTOSH. The subject of this notice was a native of Dundee, Scotland. "When about eight years of age, he lost his grandfather, a soldier of Calloden, and soon after, his mother. He and his father then emigrated to America, arriving in Montreal in 1817. Selecting the trade of bookseller and binder, he traveled some years in the States ; and in 1S30-'31 carried on a book-bindery in Cincinnati. He then attached himself to the famous Oregon expedition, then organizing in Boston. In this scheme he lost all his monev. After HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 633 the Black Hawk purchase, his attention was called to the beautiful lands bordering on the Mississippi, and he very sensibly located at Davenport. Mr. Mackintosh took a very active part in all matters of local interest, the county-seat (j[uestion, the laying out of roads, and the sale of the public lauds. He was a very public-spirited man, and his deatli was lamented by all REV. W. RUTLEDOE OF LE OLAIRE. Rev. William Rutledge, who was pastor of the Baptist Church in Le Claire for several years, and who aided in the erection of its lirst house of worship, entered upon his work in that connection in the summer of 1S47. He was a native of England, having been born in Braintree, County of Essex, Aug. 19, 1804:. He served the long apprenticeship to a tailor in London, to his uncle, then common and required in that country', and a few years after attaining his ma- jority suceeded to the business of his employer, in Avery Row, Bond street, and became quite prosperous. Jan. 21, 1S2S, he married Sarah Ann Sharp, at St. James, Westminister, a very estimable Woman who still survives, making her liome with her daughter, Mrs. Edward Ilussell, Davenport. While energetic in business, the young master tailor exercised his abilities in earnest labors in the Sunday-school and temperance causes particularly, and at length enjoyed an extended reputation as a public speaker in their behalf. The result was that about the year 1843 he surrendered liis business and devoted his entire time to lecturing in aid of the "Teetotalers " societies and the Rechabite order. In that connec- tion lie labored mainly in Essex and adjacent counties, with fre- quent visitations in London. Meanwhile a long cherished desire to acquire citizenship in the L'^nited States, because of his great admiration for American institutions, grew stronger month by month. Securing at last the agreement of his intimate and cher- ished personal friend, Mr. William Russell (also an earnest laborer in the temperance reform, a "radical" in politics and a life-long eulogist of the American Republic), that he, too, would emigrate^ Mr. Rutledge closed up his engagements in England, and, leaving with his family, arrived in New York Sept. 1, 184.5. Establishing himself in Philadelphia, he soon became intimate with Rev. John Lansing Burroughs, pastor of the Broad Street Baptist Church, by whom he was invited to active participation in the Sunday- school and temperance work of that organization. As a result, he 634 rasTORT OF scorr county. was led to examine the scriptural grounds of the Baptist faith, and to accept that faith as his own. His abilities and worth being speedily recognized, he was appointed a colporteur of the Baptist Publication Society, and accepted a commission to the West. Jour- neying with his family via the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal and the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, he reached Davenport on May 5, 1847, having been previously, in Philadelphia, regularly ordained as minister of the gospel in the Baptist denomination. In Daven- port he was gladly welcomed by the Baptist Church, and, after a short residence in the city, was invited to labor with the Baptist Church of Le Claire, Iowa, and Cordova, 111. These organizations he faithfully served until, in 1855, he was invited to the pastorate of the^First Baptist Church in Davenport, in which relation he con- tinued rather more than a year, returning to his old home in Le- laire. Thenceforward, until his death, he continued to labor in the niinistr\' wherever called to the duty he loved so well. Part of the time he was the regular pastor of the Le Claire Church. Dur- ing other periods he preached at Cordova and Port Byron, 111., and at Princeton, Iowa, and neighboring towns. Everywhere he was known as " The Elder," and enjoyed the highest esteem of the peo- ple. All classes knew him as a thoroughly good man, sincere of speech, warm at heart and pure in life. He died on Oct. 27, 1868, in his Le Claire home, of diabetis, at the age of 64 years, 2 months and 8 days, rejoicing in the realities of the faith and hope he had so long presented to others as the consolation of a dying hour. He was a man of simple habits, earnest purpose and marked trust in Divine Providence. Laboring at his old trade whenever work was offered to him, and accepting that as an aid to his chosen labor of preaching the gospel, his meager salary as a minister alwa^-s suf- ficed not only to support his familj', but to render his home the hospitable resort for many a friend and wayfarer. A favorite with the young, he married in his day a larger number of couples in Le Claire, Princeton, Cordova, Port Byron and vicinity than any other minister ever resident thereabouts, while none were more sought for to attend funerals, or administer consolation in sickness and sorrow. As an illustration of the kind of duty devolving upon pioneer min- isters in the county a third of a century ago, it may be stated that when the Baptists of Le Claire erected their first house of worship in 1847, " Elder " Kutledge carried the hod for several successive days taking to the scaffold the brick and mortar with which Mr. UISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 635 Laurel Summers laid up the walls. Tliat building, since torn down, stood on the north side of AVisconsin avenue, on the corner, one square west of Main street. The basement was long occupied for public-school purposes, town meetings, elections, etc., in common with the uses of the Church ; the upper part not being finished until several years after the building was erected. Indeed, the public subscription made for the church erection was conditioned on the uses of the basement herein mentioned. Long will the memory of those earl}' days be recalled even by those who then were boys and girls among the residents of Le Claire. To all of these the genial smile, the kind word, the earnest life of Elder William Rutledge, will have happy recollection to the end of their days. B. B. WOODWARD. B. B. Woodward, son of Joseph S. and Mary F. "Woodward, was born in Wayne Co., N. Y., on the 7th day of August, 1817 When he was but two j'ears of age his parents removed to Cincin- nati, and he once told the writer that one of the precious memories of his life in that city was in connection with the reception of La Fayett.e there in 182-1, when he stood in rank with the scholars of his Sunday-school, and lifted his hat as the noble and revered Frenchman passed between the lines. Much of Mr. Woodward's boyhood was passed in Camden, O. In 1S42 his parents emigrated to Scott Co., la., and settled on the tract of land on Jersey Ridge. He remained on the farm until the spring of 1849, when he became a merchant in the city, opening a "general store" with his brother Job. He continued in the store till 1850, when he gave up mer- chandising forbanking,and went into the bank of Chubb Brothers, Barrows ik Co., which occupied the room on the southeast corner of Second and Main streets, taking the position of teller. In May, 1875, he was elected president of the bank, the duties of which position he performed with acceptability to all parties interested, until he was prostrated by severe illness. Mr. Woodward was married in March, 1845, the bride being Miss Elizabeth E. Morgan. The wedding occurred at the home of Miss Morgan's parents, on what is known as the Watkins place, just above the city, on the river road. The union was in every way a happy one, and the greatest blow of Mr. Woodward's life was the death of his much loved wife some nine years ago. In the death ot Mr. Woodward, Davenport lost one of its best and most honored citizens. He was 636 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. a very upright and conscientious man, exact in his dealings, prompt, energetic, quiet, patient, and an excellent counselor. If he had any fault as a business man, it was in placing too much confi- dence in humanity. His own nature was so honest that he was unsuspicious of others. He was a man of great benevolence of character; was a liberal donor to the M. E. Church, of which he was a regular attendant and pew-holder, though not a member, to the Young Men's Christian Association, and to the Library Associa- tion. To the latter he gave, when the effort was made to purchase the lot upon which its building now stands, what was doubtless the most munificent donation made by any one in proportion to their means — S500. Years ago, when that order in Iowa most needed business men to aid and direct, Mr. Woodward was the most active in the Order of Odd Fellows. lie filled the IS^oble Grand's chair in Davenport Lodge, No. 7 ; was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Iowa in lS57-'58,and the following year served as Grand Patriarch of the Grand Encampment. He was Grand Representative of Iowa in the Grand Lodge of I. O. O. F. at its session at Baltimore in 1859, and again at Nashville in 1''60. He was also a member of State Encampment, No 3. Last year, at the session of the Grand Lodge in this city, he was elected Grand Treasurer, but resigned a few months afterward, when he saw his health would not permit him to fulfill the duties of the office. As treasurer of the Soldiers' Monument Association, he carfully husbanded and invested the funds of that organization so that, at the time of his death, it had doubled in his hands. On the last day that he rode out, Mr. "Woodward conversed with the secretary of that association with reference to feecuring the erection of the long-desired monument at an early date, so earnestly were his feelings eidisted in behalf of that work of patriotic regard for the heroic dead. For two terras, from 1851 to 1856, Mr. Woodward served as city clerk, and once he filled the office of school treasurer. His death oc- curred on the morning of Aug. 12, 1879. CHAPTER XVI. AUTHORS AND ARTISTS. Scott County has not raucli to boast of in this connection, yet there are a tew names worthy of mention, one, at least, having a world-wide reputation. ELDER JOXAS HARTZELL. A well-known divine and author is Jonas Hartzell, of Daven- port, who was born Oct. 19, 1803, in Northampton Co., Penn., from which place, with tiie family, he removed to Deerfield, Ohio, in 1S05. There were no schools in the township in which the family lived until 1813, when Jonas was in his ;llth year. At this time he attended school about one year, the sum to- tal of his educational experience in the schools of the country. The parents of Jonas were of German descent, born in Pennsyl- vania, and the settlement in Ohio was composed exclusively of Germans, and the German laiiguage alone was used until the year in which the school was established. After spending a year in school, Jonas had arrived at an age, it was thought he could be made useful, and he was therefore pat to work clearing land and engaging in other laborious work neces- sary on a farm at that date. When in his 22d year, in .June, 182.5, he was united in marriage with Alice Wollihan, who proved a helpmeet indeed to him in after years. Mrs. Hartzell died in Davenport, May, 19, 1866. .Nine children were born unto them, one of whom died when but six years of age; the remainder, seven daughters and one son arc living. Mr. Hartzell was raised to believe in the doctrines of the Presby- terian Church. His wife was a pious Methodist. About a year after their marriage she said to him: ''What scripture have you for infant baptism? If you have any, I ask for it; for I have no confidence in my baptism." He endeavored to satisfy her mind by referring to all the proof-texts usually quoted in proof of the position, but the more he studied the matter the less he believed in is old views, and a change occurred. He became a subscriber to the (637) 638 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Christian Baptist, edited by Alexander Campbell, who was preacli- iug a " restoration to primitive Christianity," and, becoming con- vinced that Mr. Campbell was right in his views, he and his wife were immersed the second Lord's day in Jane, 1828. As it was the custom of the Churches which were rapidly form- ing to depend for mutual edification upon the gifts of the members, those of Mr. Ilartzell did not long remain concealed. Possessing a vigorous mind, a remarkable clear psrception of logical relations, a sincere love of truth, and a fine command of language, he at once bscame distinguished as an effective and able preacher. In person he is tall and erect, grave in manner, in complexion some- what swarthy, with regular features, intelligent dark eyes, full and handsome lips, and, in speaking, a sligiitly German pronunciation and arrangement of words. Few men are possessed of as much originality. His ideas and manner of expressing tliem are pecul- iarly his own. Jonas Hartzell has been a very prolific writer, being the author of 14 pamphlets and bound volumes, in addition to the vast amount of matter contributed to tlie periodicals of the day. He was a strong anti-slaver}"^ man, and his writings did much to edu- cate the people for the emancipation that was to be brought about by the war. A series of articles were written by him for an anti- slavery paper in Cincinnati, and then collated and published under the title of "The Bible Yindicated." In this work he vindi- cated the Bible against the attacks of infidels and pro-slavery Christians, and conclusively proved that the sacred book could not be used in defense of the "peculiar institution." A large edition was issued and speedily disposed of; and a second was called for, but the war coming on caused the demand to cease. Of the second edition 500 copies were for Kentucky distribution. Joseph Barker, one of the most noted infidels of England, chal- lenged the clergy of this country to a debate. Mr. Hartzell accepted the challenge. The debate occurred ; was reported, and was to have been published. Alter all arrangements were made Mr. Barker declined to permit the publication of his speeches. Mr. Hartzell then had his speeches published. An edition of 3.000 copies was speedily disposed of. " Controversial Letters," consist- ing of seventeen letters to Rev. Laird Collier, "Evidences ot Christianity," " Kingdom of Heaven and its Government," "Bap- tismal Controversy, its Exceeding Sinfulness," are among tiie pub- lished works of Mr. Hartzell. He has been a minister of the HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 639 gospel since 182S. His tirst pastoral labor was in Warren, Ohio, where he spent 12 years. In 1854 he came to Davenport, and for four years was pastor of the Church here, at tiie expiration of which time he resigned, much to the regret of the congrega- tion. This was his last pastoral work. Since 1858 he has acted as an evangelist, responding to such calls as he was able to fill. REV. WILLIAM STEVENS PERRY, D.D., LL. D. * We are by no moans sure that in saying wiiat it is proper should be said concerning the Rev. Dr. Perry, his ministry, and literary work, with reference to his late election to be bishop of Iowa, we shall be performing a service that anybody in Geneva, or any amorig, the thousands of friends and well-wishers of Hobart Col- lege everywhere, will very much thank us for. The cause of edu- cation, in one of its high places, loses something ; the cause of religion, in one of its highest places, gains something. It does not becf)me us to strike the balance, and say that it is the duty of Dr. Perry to remain in the presidency of Hobart College, much as we are tempted to think that. Bishops of adequate temper and mold are scarce enough ; as scarce, perhaps, as able, scholarly, success- ful presidents of colleges. And inasmuch as the Episcopal Church (and ever}' other Church) has need of more bishops of the stamp and fashion, and piety, and breadth, and liberality, and learning, of the new bishop of Iowa, we are not disposed to utter protests against the decree which takes him to a first place in churclily dig- nity and influence, in one of the first States of the Union. Dr. Perry is a young man ; exceptionally young among minis- ters, authors and college presidents ; his age is only H. Among bishops, so generally old and venerable men, whose white hairs attest their advanced years. Bishop Perry will be a conspicuous exception to the rule. He is of New England parentage; was born January 22, 1832, in Providence, R. I. ; was prepared for college at the Providence High School, and entered Brown University, from which, however, at his own request, he was dismissed, and entered Harvard, where he was graduated in 1854. Four years later he was ordained priest in Boston, and subsequently was as- sistant minister in St. Paul's, Boston. He was afterward rector of St. Luke's, in Nashua, N. H., in Portland, Me, and Litchfield, Conn., and in 1869 became rector of Trinity Church, Geneva. * From the Geneva (N. Y.) Courier, June 14, 1876. 640 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Previously he was editor of the Church Monthly of Boston. In the Church, among other offices of honor and trust, he has been secretary and deputy to the General Convention, and is now, by appointment of the General Convention, historiographer of the American Church. The office of secretary which he held for sev- eral years is the only permanent office in the convention. Four years ago he became professor of history in Hobart College, and in the beginning of the present year he was elected President ot Kenyon College, and Dean of the Theological Seminary, diocese of Ohio; still more recently being cliosen President of Hobart Col- lege. To these dignities, the like of which rarely come to any one man in the course of Jiis life, is now added the bishopric. As a minister, in the pulpit and out, Dr. Perry has been promi- nent. His sermons are direct, pointed, often eloquent, while they are invariably polished and felicitous beyond ordinary pulpit utter- ances. As an organizer of the efforts of others, he is notably suc- cessful. The list of Dr. Perry's published works is a surprising testimony of his acquirements ; and while they are mostly religious, coming in the line of his professional labors, his studies take a wide range. He is an accomplished bibliographer; his knowledge of books, and of rare and curious books, throughout the field of gen- eral literature, is very unusual. His library contains nearly 10,000 volumes, and as many more pamphlets. We shall attempt, in our limits no anal^-sis in detail of Dr. Perry's literary work ; nor is it at all necessary. The American Church Review, from which we get much information concerning Dr. Perry, here briefly embodied, and many other public journals, have made more or less extended criticisms of these publications, and unite in commendation of them and particularly of the historical works, as embracing very valuable contributions to that department of our literature. The Churchman says : " The Pev. Dr. Perry is doing a grand work for the American Church, and one which will by and by gain for him her lasting gratitude." The Episcopal bishops have almost unanimously written their testimonies of praise. As a historian Dr. Perry's rank is conceded to be first in the Episco- pal Church. The New York Tribune, speaking of Dr. Perry's style, says : "His language is singularly direct and^simple, adapted to produce a lively impression on the mass of readers, and wholly free from the starch of professional formality." The Evening Post uses even more forcible words on the same subject. It is imprac- HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 641 ticable to quote here the testimonies; it is enough to saj that they sliow uniforinlj the high estimation in wliich Dr. Perry's work is lield, in and out of the Church of which he is a meinber-whose rec- ognitions of him have been so many and so varied, but which will hardly be able, even should it desire, to appropriate to its exclusive service all his time and talents. Dr. Perr}' is not and cannot be solely a churchman. In every good work he is prominent, accord- ing to his opportunity. Social reforms have his most earnest sympathy and aid. The traditional limitsof endeavor, so carefully observed by a proportion of the more conservative churchmen, Dr. Perry is quite oblivious to, to his everlasting credit. In the war, his loyal convictions took the form of efforts which directly and indirectly sent score- if not hundreds of men into the national service. So, whatever in any way gains the approval of his judg- ment, has his cordial and hopeful co-operation. Geneva, and Hobart College, and the State of New York will lose, with the departure of Bishop Perry, a few months hence, a citizen whose place it will be difficult to till ; and we congratulate, with what grace we may, the people of Iowa, among whom he goes to live and labor. DAVID K. DUNGAN. David R. Dunganisa native of Noble Co., Ind., and was born May 15, 1837. Ris father was James Dungan, and his mother's maiden name, Mary Ann Johns. Her parents were natives of Eng- land, and a hardy, robust and long-lived race. His father's ancestors were from Scotland, so that the mixture of blood is what may be called Scotch-English. "When young Dungan was but one year old his parents removed to Clay County, in Western Indiana, where they lived until the young man had attained his 15th year, when his father pushed for- ward a second time to the Western frontier, this time to Western Iowa, where they arrived just as the Indians were retiring and before the land was in market. This was in 1852. Having always resided on the frontier, his educational facilities were such as the common schools ot Indiana and Iowa afforded. In addition to these privileges he spent a short time in the Kentucky University. He has derived the most profit from his private studies, having been a close student since his 22d year. In March, 185S, he was im- mersed, uniting with the Church of Christ, and in the spring of 1S59 he began to exercise his gift in preaching. In September, 642 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 1860, he was ordained as au Evangelist, and from that time to the present has been a constant and faithful minister of the Lord. In addition to his regular preaching he has had 19 theological debates, with representative men of the leading religious denominations ot the West. In the discharge of his ministerial duties he has resided in Omaha, Plattsmonth, Pawnee and Lincoln, Nebraska ; DeSoto, Oskaloosa, Eldora, Mt. Pleasant and Davenport, Iowa. To the latter place he came in July, 1880, since which time he has served as pastor of the Church of Christ in that city. D. K. Dungan and Mary Ann Kinnis were united in marriage in Harrison Co., Iowa, Feb. 17, 1861. Eight children have been born unto them, si.x of whom are now living. Officially, Elder Dungan has never sought a public place. He was for some years regent of the University of Nebraska, and was one of the most active and influential members. In 1879 he was made the Prohibition candidate for governor of Iowa, and polled quite a large vote. He is a fluent speaker, of pleasing address, and terse and logical discourse. His wit never fails him on any oc- casion, and, when necessary, he can use sarcasm with most telling eflect. Elder Dungan has been the author ol several works, the first being entitled "On the Rock," in which he treats of the action, subject and design of baptism in a series of conversations purport- ing to be held between a gentleman, his wife, and various persons representing the different theological beliefs. It is a well-written work and one calculated to convince. It was written as a serial for the Evangelist, in 1871, and published in book form in 1872. It has run through seven editions. In 1878 "Modern Phases 5f Skepticism " was issued. Though not having as large a sale as the other works by the same author, it has been well received by the press and people. "Rum, Ruin and the Remedy" first appeared in 1879. It has run through two or three editions. A local writer says of him in this connection: "Mr. Dungan has a wide range of practical knowledge on the temperance question . He has lectured, written and debated on the subject for 15 years, and perhaps in point of reading and critical thought on the subject is not inferior to any man in the nation." It discusses the subject of temperance briefly and pointedly; license, prohibition, the physical, pecuniary and moral phase of intemperance, and, in fact, every vital topic per- taining to the liquor traffic. HISTORY OF SOOTT COUNTY. 645 Among otLer of the smaller works of Mr. Dungan are the "Dun- gan-Jameson Debate," "Modern Revivalists," " IngersoU's Mis- takes about Moses," '-Our Place and Mission," and "What Shall We Do?" MISS MART K. MEAD. Miss Mead is a daughter of Rev. E. Mead, and has spent almost her entire life in the county. She has contributed much to the periodicals of the day. The following are selections from her pen : TIME. Oh solemn stream of time, Whose waters pause not in their ceaseless flow ; In every age and clime, 'Whelminfj alike our happiness and woe; If once a voice was lent, How many a secret might thy waves reveal, How many a strange event I How many a long forgotten page unseal! Since first the stars of morn Poured forth a song to greet the finished earth. How oft thy waves have borne The wail of sorrow or the voice of mirth ! As in the vanished past, So in the coming years thy course shall be ; And centuries flee as fast, To the dark ocean of eternity. E'en now another year, With wintry snow among its white locks strown, • Reposes on its bier. Waiting to join the mighty ages flown. What record doth it bear ? What word of kindness to the wretched given? What spirit's contrite prayer, When earthly hopes like summer clouds are riven ? Full many a day hath fled, And many a joy awaking with the day, The same brief course hath sped. And shrunk at eve, like Jonah's gourd, away. Call not the moments back. But with a thoughtful eye their flight review; And, glancing o'er life's track, Go forth to battle with its ills anew. 38 646 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. The stars will brightly shine, The summer smile as sweetly as before, And June her roses twine, When we can view their blushing tints no more. But when we lay aside This feeble, sickly tenement of clay, And, freed and purified, Soar to the regions of eternal day ; What recks it, that our name May be forgotten in the haunts of old, And no loud voice of fame Ring through the buried arches, dark and cold. Thy steps, O Time ! are low. And steal upon us ere we are aware. Till shining threads of snow Are thickly clustered mid the raven hair. Our fathers , where ars they ? At rest, where no dark dreams of care invade, And daylight's feeble ray Comes like a captive struggling through the shade. Ere many a New Year's sun. Its chariot, through the Eastern sky, shall guide, Our earthly labors done, We too shall slumber sweetly by their side. Oh! not by months and years, Nor frequent change of darkness and of light, Nor yet by hopes and fears, Measure our path, or mark Time's rapid flight. But let each kindly thought. Each generous action as we onward haste. Each hour, with duty fraught, Gleam forth, a waymark on life's trackless waste. MARCH. [Written for the Gazette.'] These days of earth's awakening, these fresh pure days how blest. Ere bursts the first pale bud of spring, or wild bird finds her nest. No more oppressed with weight of snow the naked forest grieves. The moss is springing green below the budded osier leaves. Come forth, oh gentle train of flowers, children of wood and wild, Last night the warm clouds wept in showers, this morn the sunshine smiled. There's a wild flower near my dwelling, and I count its fragrance dear, For its tiny buds are swelling, the earliest of the year. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 647 When the autumn winds were sighing, and the withered leaves fell fast, Then I feared my blossom'sdying, and I hid it from the blast. But it feels the Spring's awaking, and its tiny blade has ris'n, Till the chilly earth forsaking it has burst beyond its pris'n. Oh, soul that long hath slumbered in life's still and starless night, Lo ! the winter hours are numbered, wake and God shall give thee light. ARTISTS. For many years Davenport and vicinity was visited by artists for the purpose of sketching the bsautiful scenery along the river, the finest and most picturesque to be seen along the Upper Mis- sissippi. The first to stop in Davenport for a great length of time was John Casper Wild. From "Davenport, Past, and Present," the following is taken: Among the strangers from St. Louis who visited Davenport in the spring of 1845 was John Casper "Wild, a gentleman of consid- erable reputation as a landscape and potrait painter, and lithow- raphist. He was a tall, spare man of about 40 years, with lone raven black hair, whiskers and moustache, and restless brown eyes, lie had, at times, a worn and haggard look, the result, doubtless, of ill health and a life-long battle with the world for the bare means of subsistence. He was uncommunicative as to his own life but it is an impression of the writer's that he was born in poverty, reared among the trials of indigence, from which, unaided, he sought to emerge, and in his maturity, a good artist but poor finan- cier, so that his history was a continued struggle. It is but little wonder, then, that through the clouds which so constantly surround him he could see but little sunshine. On his arrival here, he was totally dependent upon his talent. He soon commenced work, and produced a painting of Davenport and Rock Island, as one pict- ure. From this a limited number of beautifully colored lithograph copies were taken, for those who would buy. Alas ! poor Wild — the pictures which now would bring their weight in gold, had then a dull and weary sale. This view was not only faithful in its Oe- tails, and beautiful as a picture, but it proved Mr. "Wild an artist of high talent. It is worthy of mention that the artist lithographed his own picture on stone, and made and colored the impressions himself. P has been remarked that so fine a specimen of lithographing cannot now be done in the metropolis of the country. Mr. Wild afterward commenced a second painting of Davenport viewed from another point, but it was never finished. The same summer he made paintings from which litlngraphic copies were 648 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTr. taken, of Dubuque, Galena, Muscatine and Moline. All these sketches were distinguished for their correctness and beauty. He worked rapidly but well, and a practical knowledge of lithography was useful in securing correct copies of his works. The writer of this accompanied Mr. "Wild on a trip to the Falls of St. Anthony in 1846, in which excursion he made a number of small sketches, but they were never produced on canvas. The painting of Dav- enport and Rock Island truly represents the young cities as they slept in 1845 upon the green banks of the great river, before the rushing winds and waves of progress had broken their slumbers. There are but few copies of this painting now in the possession of our citizens, and it is needless to say that the lapse of time and the intervening wonderful changes in the aspect of our city render these pictures invaluable to their owners. In 1846 Mr. Wild, who continued residing in Davenport, painted a fancy sketch, of which it may be right to make a particular note, as it was the nearest approach to an artistical smile of which Mr. Wild was ever known to be guilty. He had neither humor of his own, nor an appreciation of humor in others. He looked tragedy, thought tragedy, and his conversation outside of business and art was never much more cheerful than tragedy- This little oil sketch represented three notable cliaracters of the village, each of whom, at that time, was personally known to almost every man, woman and child in the place. They were collected at the well-remembered ferry-house, and near the equally well-remem- bered old bell-post. The bell there suspended was then furiously jin- gled, and often with disagreeable pertinacity, by those who wished to call the old ferryman, Mr. John Wilson, from the opposite side. The ringer was generally considered under personal obligation to stand to his 2>ost some time, in company with his horse and vehicle, if he had any to cross over, so that the ferryman might with proper de- liberation determine whether the skiff or horse ferry-boat were re- quired by the nature of the cargo. The large person of Mr. Le Claire sits in a buggy, to which is attached the notable old white horse that used to drag his master about the place. Close by stands Mr. Gilbert McKown, whose store was on Front street, a few steps dis- tant, but whose burly figure and good humored face, seen on any street, seemed a part and parcel of the town, and directly identified with its corporate existence. The third figure is Sam Fisher, as he was familiarly called by every acquaintance. He then lived in the house now owned and occupied by Mr. George L. Davenport, HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 649 at the corner of Bradv and Third streets. Sam. Fisher was the best fisher in the town, a good story-teller, and iiad a most marvelous memory of past times and incidents, facts and dates, which, united to some peculiar eccentricities ot character exclusively and honestly his own, made him a conspicuous character. One of his smaller eccen- tricities is shown in the picture. He is standing with his pants drawn up to the top of one boot, and down to the sole of the other, using a favorite gesture, and evidently do'\n'^ the talking, of coarse. These three persons are now alive, and two of them continue resi- dents of Davenport. The picture is in the possession of Hon. G. C. R. Mitchell, who, by the way, ought to have figured in the paint- ing. Mr. Wild was a native of Zurich, Switzerland; he went to Paris when young, where he resided] for 15 years, and then emigrated to the United States. lie lived fseveral years in Philadelphia, where he finished some views for Atkinson's Casket, a panorama of Philadelphia, and a view of Napoleon's marshals on horse-back. In the spring of LS41, he went to St. Louis, and remained there till he removed here. At St. Louis he commenced a periodical called "The Valley of the Mississippi, Illustrated" — edited by Louis Faulk Thomas, the views by Mr. Wild. Only 10 numbers were issued. Mr. Wild died in Davenport, in the year 1846. When sick, he was kindly taken to the residence of Mrs. Webb, now oc- cupied by Mr. Henry, where he received the attentions of a son during the long illness which preceded his death. AVhile thus lying on his death-bed, the home of his boyhood seemed a beauti- ful picture before his e\'es, and he expressed a longing desire to die at Zurich. This was not granted him, but kind hands softened the last shadowy pencilings of his life, and laid him gently among the summer flowers. Among others who figured at an early day as painters were R. Wright, Mrs. Codding and Mr. Wolfe. In the past decade much interest has seemed to be manifested among many of the citizens of Davenport in artistic work, and at an exhibition held at the Academy of Science in February 1882, a collection of 255 paintings and drawings were exhibited. Among the number were some fine specimens which attracted much attention and were highly praised. Those contributing on this occasion were Mrs. E. Burrows, Charles H. Hubbell, Miss Lida Roff, Miss Anna M. Baird, Mrs. E. E. Cook, Miss Mary Rofi", Miss F. M. Hazen, Mrs. W. F. Peck, Miss Bianca 650 HISTORY OF scorr county. "Wheeler, Miss Matie Lane, Mrs. H. M. Martin, H. L. Bottom, Miss Bessie Van Patten, Miss Allie Bryant, Mrs. B. Wilcox, Miss Josie Parker, Mrs. E. Peck, Miss Sadie Bryant, Miss Anna M. Barr, Mrs. H. C. Wales, Miss Sarah French, Miss Lizzie Gil- lette, Miss Anna Williams, Miss Ada Wright, Miss Mary Fulton, Mrs. Frank Kichardson, Mrs. Jennie Lane, Miss Fejervary, Miss Ury, Mrs. Agues Haase, Miss Lizzie Davis, Mrs. R. P. Moore, Miss Cora M. Allen, Miss Jennie Warriner, W. Otto Gronen, Miss Lucy Mitchell, Miss Jessie Young, Miss Tillie Lambach, Henry Lambach, Miss Mary Kayser, William Fiske, Thomas Brockett, Miss Lucy Whitaker, Mrs. N. C. Martin, A. Hageboeck, Mrs. E. S. Crossett, L. Smith, Miss Celeste Fejervary, Mrs. H. E. Hard, W. W. Hathaway, Miss Louise Ells, Mrs. F. H.- Hancock, Mrs. Kircher, Miss Lucy Sudlow, Miss Lulu Farrand, W. W. Hathaway, F. H. Oelting, Miss Cora M. Allen, S. A. D. Hahn, August Hageboeck, J. W. Ross, George Knorr, Miss Millie Des- saint, Arthur Chandler and Miss Helen Ebi. CHAPTER XVII. MEDICAL. One of the most honorable of all the pi-ofessious is that of medi- cine. The man who risks his own life to save that of others is deserving of great credit. As an introductory to this chapter, the following medical reminiscences of Dr. E. S. Barrows, the oldest practitioner in the State, is here given : "In compliance with your request as the first and oldest physician of Scott Co., Iowa, I will proceed to say something of the medical profession, from the early part of 1830 to an indefinite period, trav- eling toward 1860. If I say too much relating to self, it will be from a matter of necessity, for I alone, the first year and a half, represented the ])rofession west of the Mississippi for 100 miles north and south, and 3,000 miles west. Therefore be it observed, I should not have anything to talk about but terri- tory, without people, or doctors, and nothing at all, leaving out myself, as one person, answering to make up my quota of the social aggregate forming the early history of tliat domain now enclosed by lines, giving bounds to Scott County. " Whoever essays to narrate past events of the world will find that no nation can be found which was so rude that it was neither blessed nor cursed, as the case might be, with a profession, propos- ing to deal with the ailings of the body, originally emanating di- rectly from that other class of pretenders who assume to care more particularly for ailments of the soul. All through the course of human destiny both professions seem to have formed an essential element of the cultivated and the uncultivated, the civilized and the uncivilized, going to make up the human aggregate. Health and duration of life maybe considered the result of intelligent action, and as there is a general desire to preserve the one and prolong the other beyond the accidents of time and place, it seems but reason- able that the early settlers of Scott County should have encouraged a profession which assumes to give the community the benefits of the accumulated medical .skill of all the preceding ages. And who shou'd have been the first to demonstrate the fact that such wisdom was ai hand, and ready for business ^ (651) 652 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. " With becomiug modesty (if not becoming, it is at least con- sistent with the pretentions of that class of professional men who deal mostly with the hidden secrets of human ills), that first doc- tor, the first between Dubuque and Burlington, located at Rock- ingham early in 1S36, is the writer of this article. " In the autumn of 1836, the first physician who drew a lancet on a prostrate patient was located at Rockingham, and the patient was Antoine Le Claire, of Davenport, who was seriously ill with inflammatory rheumatism. His physician was Dr. Bardwell, of Stephenson, now Rock Island, a reputable physician and politician from Indiana, who subsequently located and successfully pursued the practice of medicine in the northeast corner of Bufi^xlo town- ship. After two years' residence he sought more room and a bet" ter field for work, at Marion, Lynn Co., Iowa, where, after a few years, he died lamented. I was called in council with Dr. Bardwell, Nov. 15, 1S36, and hastened to Mr. Le Claire's resi- dence, located where the freight depot now stands. Found the Dr. present waiting a little impatiently, and received a formal introduc- tion. Dr. Bardwell expressed a desire to proceed to business, for he had engagements elsewhere, ' not however, professional,' he said 'as you may see by these articles' [simultaneously raising with each hand a light shoe from both side pockets of his coat] ; ' there is go- ing to be a dance to-night, and I have the honor of being a mana- ger.' " The engagement referred to was a formal celebration of the opening of the first hotel which Davenport was ever favored with, or perhaps that other word, cursed, would be as appropriate, since the locality soon became known as 'Brimstone-Corner.' Old set- tlers whose dates go back to that period, when that name is men- tioned do not become confused as to the whereabouts of the local- ity. If the mind of a patriot of the Missoui-i war loses its serenity when he communes with himself, and perhaps fights over the battles of that day, when the first and last drill of the Scott County volunteers paraded on the commons, between the new ho- tel and the river, the glory achieved then and there will fade into a conviction that this was a new country, and the less said by way of apology for the peculiar manner by which we formed new friend- ships out of very raw material the better it will be, even for 'Brimstone-Corner.' The building is occupied at present as Staf- fen's headquarters for lime, cement, sewer pipe, etc. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTi'. 653 "To return to the subject of my first patient, Dr. Bardwell asked me to give Mr. Le Claire ray attention, bv a system of prognosis best known to the trade. To quote his language, ' I have been ex- amining him for about a week, and have come to the conclusion that it is a plain case of abdominal dropsy, and, thinking it expe- dient to be in time, I have brought along my box of instruments, with the intent of relieving him of a gallon or two of water by tapping.' I proceeded to the examination of the case and asked if I might see Mrs. Le Claire. She came into the room and gave me the history of the case. Then the council commenced, by my say. ing, to my mind it was an unmistakable case of imflammatory rheu- matism, and the tapping had better be done in the arm. The difference of opinion so far as related in the diagnosis did not seem to create any surprise, but my suggestion of bleeding astonished greatly. He asked if I was candid in my view of the subject. ' Most certainly I am,' was my reply. Dr. Bardwell then spoke thusly: 'Mr. Le Claire, here are two doctors, one may be taken and the other left, which will you have^ Mr. Le Claire's reply was, 'Dr. Burrows may bleed me.' I did bleed him, and Dr. Bardwell was kind enough to hold the bowl, and then hurried ofJ to the ball. From that day forward to the day of his death, 26 years later, the patient was mine. "I made 12 visits, in as many days. The sequel was most sat- isfactory, for within l(t days fron) my last visit, Mr. Le Claire rode on horseback from Davenport to Kockingham, and without ask- ing for my bill, handed me a handful of silver, interspersed with gold pieces, saying, 'I will pay you the balance some other time,' then bade me good-bye, for he had not dismounted, and rode off. " The sum given me was $150. He did pay the balance, besides contributing annual payments for small service. On my removal to Davenport, in the spring of 1843, he presented me with a deed of out lot No. 31, then called four-acre lots, saying to me: ' If you don't want that lot, sell it; I felt that I had never paid you for your services.' I attempted an acknowledgment, but he said, 'Don't say anything, for I owed it to you.' I did sell the lot subsequently, for $1,000. It was the one upon which Sargent's row is built. The population on Jan. 1, 1837, of the domain now known as Scott County was below 200, after which immigra- tion set in with greater rapidity. " During this summer, Dr. A. C. Donaldson, from Wilkesbarre, Penii., located in Davenport as the first resident physician. He was well qualified for a successful practice of the profession; was 654 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. eminenty upright in thought and act, and deserved a better recom- pense for his medical ability and his moral worth than the woi-ld afforded him. He remained in Davenport but two years, or perhaps three, removed to St. Louis, and subsequently to Cali- fornia, where death overtook him. * * * "During the summer and autumn of 1S37 a few cases of bilious remitting fever occurred, but yielded readily to treatment. The winter following, several cases of bilious pneumonia demanded prompt attendance and special vigilance in the observance of changes indicative of greater danger. These were the diseases, and the principal ones, which called for medical help up to the year 1849. Since that year, or from that period, the summer and autumnal fevers ceased to be epidemical, and pneumonia became less frequent. It may be well to mention here that the fevers of 1849, after the third or fourth day, assumed a typhoid character, the re- mission hardly observable, and the nervous depression occasioning great anxiety. '■ Old citizens well remember that year, for in it occurred the death of Mr. David Hoge and Miss Sophia Fisher. " I think it was Dr. Hush, of Philadelphia, — a great name up to about 1825, — who said the lancet was a ' sheet-anchor ' in all inflammatory diseases. So it might have been said of quinine, as used in remittent and intermittent fevers, in both the Mississippi and Missouri valleys from 1830 up to 1850. During that period 120,000 square miles west of the Mississippi and north of St. Louis became populated, and ail ot it more or less malarious. In some of these years the demand for quinine was so great that the supply in the American market became exhausted. ' Sapping- ton's pills' were indirectly the power which worked steamboats up the river from 1835 to 1843. They were, verily, the ' sheet-anchor ' not only aboard boats, but in many households. Dr. Sappington was a regular allopathic physician of considerable ability, residing up the Missouri River, who thought it would be a benefaction to the new civilization of the West to prepare quinine, ready to be taken, in the form of pills. The boxes contained four dozen each, and the pills two grains each. The direction on the box was to take from two to twenty, as the urgency of the case seemed to require, without reference to the stage of the paroxysm. " Dr. Thos. J. Saunders, recognized by the profession as a schol- arly M. D., graduated at the Pennsylvania University, in 1843, lO please his father. The law was his choice as a profession ; but ar that HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 655 did not accord with the moral sentiments of a higlily worthy disci- ple of George Fox, he acceded to his father's wishes and became an M. D. , practiced medicine for a while in New Jersey, and trav- eled for a time in Europe. After his return, in connection with his practice in New Jersey, was prominently engaged as a poli- tician, serving several terms as secretary of the Senate. " In 1855 Dr. Saunders came to Davenport, and practiced his pro- fession successfully. His abilit}' for public service has for the last 20 years kept him engaged in its employ. He was secretary of the Constitutional Convention of 1857; was member of the Senate from Scott County; served four years as paymaster in the army which handled the Rebellion. " For the last few years has been engaged for the war department in assessing damages, or taking evidence to that eti'ect, caused by Sherman's army in East Tennessee. But with all these diversities of engagements he has never ceased to entertain a respect, together with an interest kept up, for the medical profession. " Dr. E. Fountain and Dr. J. M. Adler came to Davenport in 1854, from Aspinwall, on the Isthmus, where they had been en- gaged for two or three years as surgeons of the Panama Railroad Company. " Dr. Fountain was from AVest Chester Co., New York, a grad- uate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, in 1851; was most estimable for his many moral virtues and fully com- petent, and master of his profession for his term of experience. In 1861 he became infatuated with the supposed medicinal virtues of an article called chlorate of potash, which he claimed to have used witii great success, and to confirm his own conscientious opinions of its action on the system experimented upou himself rather than his patients, took an over-dose on March 27, and died from its ef- fects within 48 hours. Dr. Adler as partner" of Dr. Fountain, continued the practice until 1865, then removed to Philadelphia, where he continues at the present in a large and successful practice. " Dr. C. C. Parry, from Sandy Hill, N. Y. (See Scott Couuty Medical Society), came in 1852 or '53, practiced for a few years, then devoted !iis attention wholly to a scientific branch of the pro- fession which he has made a specialty, and at present is engaged in exploring Southern California. As a botanist Dr. Parry possesses a celebrity to which he is worthily entitled, and second to very few. 656 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. " Dr. McCarn came to Davenport about 1860, remained a year or two, went to Memphis, Tenn., and died with yellow fever in 1867." In the north part of the county there settled tlie following prac- titioners, as furnished by Drs. Gamble and Knox: Dr. Zebulon Metcalf, Kegular, from New York, came here in 1841, practiced three years, and removed to Clinton County. Dr. Zachariah Grant practiced here in 1835, died about 1844. Dr. Nelson Plummer, Irregular, came here in 1842, and removed to Farniington in 1848, and now resides there. Dr. Philander Chamberlin, Irregular, commenced practice here in 1844; he removed from herein 1848, and now resides in Oregon. Dr. James Gamble, Eegnlar. graduate of Missouri Medical Col- lege in 1847, came to Le Claire in July of the same year, and has been and is now in active practice there. He is the oldest practic- ing physician in the county. Dr. Sylvenus Rowe, Irregular, commenced practice here in 1846. He removed to Michigan where he now resides. Dr. Austin, Irregular, came here from New Jersey in 1S4S, and practiced two years, then returned to New Jersey. Dr. Wm. P. Hills, Regular, came here in 1850, from Pennsyl- vania, practiced five years and now resides in Clinton Co., Iowa. Dr. James Van Home. Regular, came here in 1853, from Penn- sylvania, practiced about two years, and now resides on a farm near Cordova, 111. Dr. S. "W. Treat, Irregular, came here in 1856, practiced until 1863, now resides in Denver, Col. Dr. W. F. Hays, Homeopathist, came here in 1857, practiced about five years, and now resides on a farm in Clinton Co., Iowa. Dr. T. S. Smith, Regular, came to Pleasant Valley in 1860, practiced several years, and now resides on a farm in Pleasant Valley. Dr. F. W. Belltield. Regular, located in Valley City in 1861, and practiced there until his death in 1873. Dr. E. D. Allen, Regular, located in Pleasant Valley in 1879, practiced two years, and now resides in Madison Co., Iowa. Dr. Barnes, Irregular, located here in 1867, and remained about one year. He now resides in Henry Co., 111. Dr. Bradway, Irregular, came here in 1855, practiced two years, and now resides in Cass Co., Iowa. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 657 Dr. Taylor, Irregular, came here in 1870, practiced two years, and died in 1875. Dr. Brovm, Irregular, came here in 1869, practiced four years, and now resides in Guthrie Co., Iowa. Dr. Barkalow, Regular, located here in 1880, practiced one year, and now resides in Muscatine Co. , Iowa. Dr. J. A. DeArmonii, Regular, located here in 1876, and is now practicing here; graduated at Pennsylvania University. Dr. T. C. McClery located here in 1875, in partnership with Dr. Gamble, and now resides at Exeter, Neb. In 1853 Dr. Joseph P. Hoover, a graduate of Pennsylvania Medical College, located in Princeton, and practiced medicine three years. Dr. J. T. Tate moved to Princeton in 1854, and practiced one year. In 1856 Dr. Thomas Gault, a graduate of Berkshire Medical College, Massachusetts, located in Princeton, and practiced in partnership with Dr. Samuel Kno.\ for si.x years, and now resides in Rock Island, Ills. In 1856 Dr. Samuel Knox, a graduate of Pennsylvania Univer- sity, located in Princeton and practiced in partnership with Dr. Gault, for six years; after Dr. Gault left he still continued in prac tice there, and is still in active practice. In 1855 Dr. C. G. Martin, a graduate of Jefferson Medical Col- lege, Philadelphia, came to Princeton and practiced one year. Dr. S. Semple, a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, came to Princeton in 1858, and stayed two years. In 1858 Dr. G. L. Bell came to Princeton, and practiced 10 years; he is now in Chicago. In 1859 Dr. Bowman came to Princeton, and practiced one year. Dr. Logan came to Princeton in 1860, and practiced one year. In 1S69 Dr. S. Gast, Cancer, commenced practice in Princeton, and is still there. In 1869 Dr. Blackburn located in Princeton, and practiced until his death, in 1880. In 1875 Dr D. A. Kettle located in practice in Princeton, and is still there. In 1878 Dr. C. W. Knott located in Princeton, and prac- ticed medicine three years; now resides in Benton Co., Iowa. In 1878 Dr. John Knox, a graduate of the University of Penn- sylvania, located in Princeton and is still practicing there. 658 HISTORT OF SCOTT COtTNTY. IOWA AND ILLINOIS CENTRAL DISTRICT MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. The Iowa and Illinois Central District Medical Association was organized Nov. 7, 1866. The want of a central society, in which local difierences could not disturb the harmony of meetings, had long been felt by the profession of Davenport, Iowa, and Rock Island, 111., and the district of country contiguous to them. Agreeable to this feelina: resolutions were adopted in the Scott Co. (Iowa) Medical Society, providing for a call for the meeting of all regular physicians residing within a radius of 50 miles of Davenport, Iowa. A committee of arrangements, consisting of Drs. Peck, Baker, and Eichardson, was appointed, who corresponded with a large number of physicians in Illinois and Iowa, finding that it seemed to be the universal desire that such an association should be or- o-anized. In reply to their invitation about 30 physicians of Illi- nois and Iowa assembled in the court-house in Davenport, Iowa, on the afternoon of Nov. 7, 1866, when they organized, adopted a constitution and by-laws, and elected temporary officers. It was decided that the meeting should be held quarterly, alternately in Davenport and Rock Island, in January, April, July and October. The society rapidl}' increased in size and prosperity'. The com- mittees appointed to report on medical and surgical subjects spent much care and labor on their reports, and a great deal of interest in the meetings was evinced by the members. Scott County physicians have been honored in the offices of the society as follows : 1866-'68. — W. F. Peck, Secretary, T. J. lies. Treasurer. 186S-'69. — J. W."\Vitherwa.\, Vice-President; E. H. Hazen, Secre- tary; T. J. lies, Treasurer. 1869-'70 J.W. H. Baker, Vice-President; E. H. Hazen, Secre- tary, T. J. lies. Treasurer. 18T0-'71.— E. Hazen, Secretary; T. J. lies, Treasurer. lS71'-72.— T. J. lies, President; A. W. Cantwell, Treasurer; E. H. Hazen, Secretary. 1872-'73 — A. S. Maxwell, President; A.W. Cantwell, Treasurer. 1874-'75.— E. H. Hazen, Vice-President; A. W. Cantwell, Treasurer. 1875-'76. — E. H. Hazen, Secretary; A. W. Cantwell, Treasurer. 1876-'T7.— W.W. Grant, President; A. W. Cantwell, Treasurer. HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. 659 1877-78.— J. W. H. Baker, Vice-President; A. W. Cantwell, Treasurer. 1879-'80.— A. "W. Cantwell, Treasurer. 1SS0-'81.— A. W. Cantwell, Treasurer. SCOTT COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. Notice having been given through the public prints, that a meet- ing would be held for the purpose of organizing a medical society for the County of Scott, nine regular members of the profession met at the office of Drs. "Witherwax 6z Carter ( Third street, west of Brady), on the 18th of October, 18.56. Dr. Jas. Thistle presided and Dr. Tomson acted as secretary. Committees were appointed to report upon the several subjects of Constitution and By-Laws, Code of Ethics, and Fee Bill, and the meeting adjourned to meet 10 days subsequently. On the 28th of October, 13 physicians met at the office of Drs. Fountain & Adler ("Second street, between Brady and Main) received the reports of the respective committees, adopted a constitution and by-laws, as well as the code of ethics recommended by the American Medical Association, and proceeded to elect the following permanent officers, to serve for one year : President, Dr Egbert S. Barrows; "Vice-President, Dr. Lyman Carpenter; Secre- tary, Dr. J. J. Tomson; Treasurer, Dr. James Thistle, and Censors, Drs. T. J. Sanders, Jno. M. Adler, and J. W. H. Baker. Although regular meetings four times a year had been agreed upon, calling this the anniversary, yet the necessity seemed to exist for a special meeting, and the members agreed to meet again in two weeks. The society convened in the Young Men's Literary Association Hall (Postffice building), on the 11th of November, Dr. Carpenter, Vice-President, occupying the chair. At this meet- ing a fee bill was adopted, and the members generally signed the constitution. Jan. 27, 1857, the first regular quarterly meeting took place at the office of Drs. Fountain & Adler, the president taking the chair. A resolution was adopted, and a committee ap- pointed relative to forming a union with the Rock Island County Medical Society. Drs. Barrows and Saunders were elected delegates to the American Medical Association, to convene in Nashville, Tenn., the succeeding May. The second quarterly meeting took place in the Council Chamber, at the corner of Brady and Third streets, April 28, the president filling the chair. The members of the Rock Island Medical Society were admitted as honorary members, and entitled to all privileges save voting. Dr. Patrick 660 raSTOET OF SCOTT.' COUNTY. Gregg, former and first president of that association, read an elo- quent and instructive address, by special invitation. Dr. Baker was appointed to deliver an essay at the next, or a future meeting. Drs. Fountain, Thistle, Carter, Pelton, and Barrows were appointed delegates to the State Society, to meet at Iowa City the following June. The third quarterly meeting met at the Council Ciiamber July 28, the vice-president in the chair. The annual meeting convened at the same place, Oct. 27, Dr. C. C. Parry presiding at the morning, and the vice-president at the afternoon session. Resolutions were adopted making the annual meeting to occur the last Tuesday in January, and postponing the election of officers until that period, and continuing the existing organization. A committee, consisting of Drs. Carter, Thistle, and Adler, was appointed to revise the constitution and by-laws. The annual meet- ing assembled at the same place Jan. 26, 1858, Dr. Fountain presiding. The afternoon session was held at the office of Dr. Baker. The society has had an honorable career and has been in existence a little more than a quarter of a century. The following named of its membership have been called on to preside over the State Med- ical Association: J. M. "Witherwax, E. S. Barrows, M. B. Cochrane, J. W. H. Baker, James Gamble and W. F. Peck. -% l(/h(r{c^ yKuA- CHAPTER XVIII. CHRONOLOGY. In this connection' is ^iven a synopsis of many historical events that have transpired in the county, with an occasional introductio of some event of" national importance. 1S32. — Treaty with the Indians by Gen. Scott,'by which the title to the land in Scott County became vested in the United States. George L. Davenport made the first claim of land in Scott County. 1833. — First settlement in the county made by Capt. Benjamin W. Clark, near the present village of" Buffalo. Antoine Le Claire received a CDmmission as justice of the peace from the Governor of the Territory. 1834. — Antoine Le Claire established a ferry between Stephen- son, now Rock Island, and Davenport. 1836. — Davenport laid out. First hotel, built by Antoine Le Claire and Col. George Davenport. First public sale of lots in May. Gov. Dodge, of Wisconsin, held another treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians by which the tract of land reserved by the Indians in previous treaty was ceded to the United States. First law offices opened in Davenport by Alexander McGregor and G. C. R. Mitchell. First marriage in Davenport occurred this year, the contracting parties being William B. Watts and a niece of An- toine Le Claire. The first surveyor, William Gordon. The first plasterer, William B. Watts. The first white child born in Daven- port, a son of Levi G. Colton; it died in IS40. Dr. E. S. Barrows settled in Rockingham, being the first physician in the county and 'second one in the Territory. 1837. — Rev. Elnathan C. Gavitt, Methodist Episcopal, Rev. Enoch Mead, Presbyterian, and Bishop Chase, Episcopal, preached a sermon in Davenport, in the order named, Mr. Guvitt's btiiug the first ever preached in the village. D. C. Eldridge bniU a grist-mill run by liorse-power. First blacksmith slioj), by Louis Le Page. First shoemaker David Miller. First tailor, James O. Kelley. 39 (663) 664 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. 1838. — The Presbyterians effected the first Church organization. G. L. Davenport & Co. opened the first hiinber yard. Harvey Leonard made the first brick and erected the first brick house, on the northeast corner of Third and Main streets, it is still stand ing. The Catholics erected the first church edifice in Davenport. The Iowa Su/i started by Andrew Logan. 1839. — City charter granted the town of Davenport. Daven- port had its first physician in the person of Dr. A. C. Donaldson. First drug-store, by Charles Leslie. Frst wagon-maker, Seth F. Whiting. First school by Eev. Mr. Hummer. Catholic school, by Eev. J. A. M. Palaraorgue. First paint shop by Riddle & Morton. 1840. — First agricultural society in Scott County organized, with A. W. McGregor, President, and John Forrest, Secretary. County- seat removed from Rockingham to Davenport. Le Claire House completed and opened by Mr. Hulse, of Cincinnati, and the "White Hall Temperance House by D. C. Eldridge. The first pork packed by Shays & Gano, Davenport. First stove, tin and sheet-iron store in Davenport opened by R. T. Craig. 1841. — Court-house and jail built by the citizens of Davenport, and presented to the county. The first shoe store opened in Dav- enport by L. B. Colkmer. Mr. Armitageand Captain JSTichols started the first butcher stall. The first shipment of wheat made by John Owens to Cincinnati ; price 50 to 56 cents per bushel. First watch repairer and goldsmith in Davenport, R. L. Linbaugh. Newspaper, now in existence, commenced by Sanders & Davis as a weekl}', under the name of Davenport Gazette. Oct. 14, first regular service of the Episcopal Church in Davenport, the Rev. C H. Goldsmith officiating. Nov. 4, Trinity Church parish of Dav- enport wa3 organized. The first harnoss shop in Davenport was opened by Jacob Sailor, but soon after removed to Rock Island. Flour thisyear was sold at five dollars a barrel, and wheat 50 cents a bushel. Pork was worth but one and a half to two cents a pound. 1842. — Protestant Episcopal Church organized on the 4th of No- vember in Davenport. Steam ferry-boat built by J. Wilson, but abandoned the same year. Bakery opened in Davenport by Daniel Moore, the oldest one in operation. Stephen Lindley started his harness shop in Davenport. The Iowa Sun discontinued. Good winter wheat sold at 37 and 40 cents per bushel. The best flour sold for $4.50 a barrel, and the same autumn sold in Chicago at $3 and in St. Louis at $2.50 per barrel. There was no money; every- thing was barter in trade; pork sold at $1 and $1.50 per 100. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 665 1843. — New city charter ijranted Davenport. Horse ferry-boat started by John Wilson. Iowa House opened in Davenport by D. B. Slii\w, afterward called the Ohio House. Scott County Bible Society organized. Ice in the river two feet thick. A Dubuque paper stated that for nearly four months the mercury stood at 20 degrees below zero, and for several weeks of that time it stood at 35 and 39 degrees below zero. xVlthough the crops were abundant, yet on account of the intense cold and want of sufficient liay and shelter a great many cattle died. Seven churches in Davenport. 1844. — Iowa College Association formed in April. Stage office opened by Bennett & Lyter, and lines of stages to Dubuque and Burlington established, Bennett & Lyter having obtained the contract to carry the mail on their routes. By census taken of the county in June it was found to contain 1,750 inhabitants. Finan- cial condition of the county at the end of the year flattering. Ex- penditures, $1,757.80, and the receipts in treasury, $2,503.80. The wheat raised estimated at 100,000 bushels and no flouring mills in Davenport. A son of Benjamin W. Clark -was drowned in the Mississippi near Buffalo. A child of Mr. Winfield, near Rocking- ham, was burned to death by its clotlies taking fire. Ephraim Jenny died suddenly Jan. 16. 1845. — First fire in Davenport; burned the building in which Mr. Eidridge had opened his store in 1837, situated on the corner of Eipley and Front streets, at the time occupied as a residence by three or more German families. On the 4th of July Col. George Davenport was foully murdered in his house on the island by des- peradoes. Kiver within one foot of the rise of 1844, May, 1845. A Swiss man and his wife poisoned by drinking tea made out of jimson weed. Peaches raised in the county were sold at 37^ cents per bushel. Arrest of Birch, Fox, Long, Baxter, Aaron Long and Young, murderers of George Davenport. Grand Jury at Rock Island found bill of indictment against Robert Birch, John Long, Aaron Long, Granville Young, "William Fox, John Baxter ; Birch, the brothers Long and Fox as principals, Baxter and Young as ac- cessories before the act. Asaiiel Hubbard, one of the county com- missioners, died in Nebraska County, in September. Charles, infant son of William Inslee, of Davenjmrt, fell into a kettle of hot water and was scalded to death. Joliii and Aaron Lone and Granville Young hung at Rock Island, Wednesday, Oct. 24. 666 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. 18-1:6. — The first plo^v factory was started in Davenport ])y John Bechtel. ^tna Flour Mill (the lirst steam mill in Davenport) finished, and business commenced by A. C. Fulton. Burrows and Prettyman started their mill about the same time. First Board of Trustees of Iowa College chosen. 1847. — First banking house in Davenport established by Cook & Sai'gent, who also opened the first land agency. April 23, first Odd Fellows' lodge in Davenport instituted. First clothing store in Davenport started by Powers & Jordan. The Democratic Banner first published by T. D. Eagal. Preparatory department of Iowa College opened, Eev. Erastus Ripley, teacher. Albion Mills started, J. M. Burrows, proprietor. The German immigra- tion was large this year; 100 landed in Davenport on the 22d of June, nearly all of whom settled in the county; 3,652 white inhabitants iti count}', and two negroes. 1849. — First jewelry store in Davenport started by A. C. Bill- ion. Daring July and August many died of cholera. There were now 4,873 inhabitants in the county. There were at this time in the city of Davenport, twenty-two carpenters, nine stone-ma- sons, two stone cutters, five brick-makers, six brick-layers, five plasters, six printers, ten cabinet-makers, five chair-makers, seven wheelwrights, two coach-makers, twelve blacksmiths, fifteen coopers, five saddlers and harness-makers, one trunk maker, eight shoemakers, three tin and coppersmiths, seven tailors, four engi- neers, three millers, two sawyers, eight draymen, nine teamsters, tlu-ee butchers, one dyer and scourer, one gunsmith, one watch- maker, one turner, one baker, one upholsterer, one barber, nine ministers, four physicians, two lawyers, two weekly papers. The public buildings were: two steam fiouring mills, one steam saw- mi 11, the Iowa College, the Medical College, five school houses, three hotels, two billiard rooms, two coffee houses, nineteen stoi-es, one public liall, one exchange office, two pork houses, one livery stable, and one plow factory. A full grown bear was killed in the neighborhood of Blue Grass. The Gazette urgently advocated the building of the Rock Island & La Salle Railroad, and asked the citizens of Scott County to subscribe liberally to its stock. A Muilical Institute established in Davenport. First jewelry store in c<>UMtv established in Davenport by A. C. Billion. 18.50. — First exclusive book store in Davenport opened by W, PI. IL'lmes, who bought out D. C. Eldridge's stock, he having kept H 1)0 'k and drug store. Der Demokrat, a German newspaper com- iiif cud in Davenport by Theo. Guelich. Pennsylvania House. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. 667 Davenport, opened b}- M. C. Davis, on Seco))d street, between Main and Harrison. Tlie first district school in Davenport, James Thor- ington, teaclier, Mr. Thorington having taught private or select schools for some five or six years previous. Charter of Davenport Clt}' amended. First collegiate class formed in Iowa College. Pop- ulation of Davenport, 1,848. First picture framing and gilding es- tablishment opened by Frederick H. Weiss, in Davenport. Sash, door and blind factory and saw-mill opened by Burnett, Gillett & Co.. corner of Scott and Front streets. Davenport; capital, $125.- 000 ; employ 90 hands ; manufacture annually, $160,000. One hundred new houses erected in Davenport during the year. Twen- ty-two thousand and forty -one acres of land entered in the county. Plenty of prairie land to be had for $1.25 per acre. On Monday, April 5, the county subscribed $25,000 in aid of the Rock Island & La Salle Railroad. Postoflice established at Allen's Grove, in August, with George Frederick as first postmaster. 1851. — The foundry, machine and finishing shops in Davenport started by Le Claire, Davenport ct Co., employing 12 hands tiie first season. Coates & Davies' planing mill built in Davenport; capital, $75,000; employed 30 hands. The first daguerrean artist who opened permanently in Davenport was O. L. Bnrdick, al- though some had practiced the art previous!}'. In April Judge Grant was chosen first president of tlie Chicago & Rock Island Railroad. Robert Christie's mill was erected at East Davenport- First wholesale grocery in Davenport, established by S. liirsclial- June 1, Stephenson & Carnahan opened a new drug store in Daven- port. New city charter granted Davenport. In February, Charles Weston was elected mayor of Davenport, and H. Leonard. A. Wygant, Dr. Barrows, N. Squires, H. Price, aldermen. In the August election Wm. Burris was chosen judge, and Harvey Leon- ard, sherift'. Second Baptist Church of Davenport was organized. Oct. 7, S. Biirnell's steam saw-mill was built. Three hundred immigrants landed at one time from the Wyoming settlers for Scott County. Cholera very bad. Over 300 houses built in Davenport. Oazette enlarged to a seven-column folio,' May 22. German Lu- theran ciiurch erected. Heavy rain storm occurred May 21, which destroyed a large amount of property. Forty-five buildings were in process of erection in Davenport in May. The river was higher than any year since 1844. Amity post-office, Hickory Grove town- ship, established in July, with Philip Baker, Postmaster. Daven- port &. Rogers" grist and saw mill burned Sept. (t. 668 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COCNTV. 1852. — First exclusive tobacco storeand cigar mamifactorv opened in Davenport by James Burge, altliough H. Wagener was tlie first person wlio manufactured cigars in tiie place. Steam ferry boat started by John Wilson. J. M. Cannon's steam saw-mill was built. First tombstone and marble manufactory in Davenport started by W. W. Kennedy. Population, 3,500. 1853. — Le Claire foundry burnt Ausf. 20. First music store opened in Davenport by J. A. Crandall. Mississippi & Missouri Kailroad Company organized. Sept. 1, ground first broken by Mr. Le Claire. East end of Le Claire's row (in Davenport) completed, the fourth story being Le Claire's hall. First express ofBce started in Davenport, Ilenwick & Son, agents. Telegraph office opened in Davenport. Population ot Davenport, 4,500. Aug. 1, tri-weekly Gazette started in Davenport. Dec. 21, remarkable; river not closed. Steamer " Jenny Lind" arrived from Le Claire, and left next day for Galena with a load of good. On Thursday, July 7, 1853, vote was taken for or against city of Davenport subscribing §85,000 in aid of the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad — 212 for and 1 against. Pre- viously a vote was taken for or against count}' subscribing §50,000 Chicago & Rock Island — 298 for and 10 against. Wednesday, Oct. 26, first snow of the season. Antoine Le Claire was offered $130,000 for 100 acres of land near Davenport. Davenport weekly Bee being published. 1S54. — Feb. 22, completion of the Chicigo & Rock Island Railroad; the Atlantic and Mississippi united. On the 20th of July, a most terrible and destructive tornado passed over Davenport, the most severe ever known in this region. Trees were torn up, and liouses unroofed and blown down. The Le Claire foundry was partially demolished, the walls of the building falling in on some of the workmen, killing William Overton and injuring his son. Mr. Wickersham's store, a new three-story brick building, was com- pletely demolished. In June of this year, the Rev. Henry W. Lee, D. D., was elected first bishoj) of Iowa. Central part of Le Claire's row finished, which completed the block from Brady to Main streets. Witherwax's block and Orr's building completed. Third floor of the latter fitted up and occupied as Odd Fellows and Sons of Temperance Hall. A portion of third loft of Witherwax's block named Literary Hall. The Davenport Commercial was started in the spring by N. H. Parker; W. Atwill purchased it in December and changed the name to Davenport Courier. An ex- tensive wholesale iron and hardware store was opened in Daven- HISTORV OF SCOTT COUNTY. 669 port in tlie fall by T. Close & Co. Daily line of stages established to Iowa City, Ti])ton and Cedar Rapids. First stove and hollow- ware fouudry in Davenport established by Davis, Boyd t% Co. Eenwiek & Sons steam saw-mill was built dm-ing this year; capital. $50,000 ; they employed 30 hands. First buckskin mitten manu- factory in Davenport was established by Keith & Lewis. Davenport Gas. Light and Coke Company organized. The first exclusive crockery store in Davenport was China Hall, opened by L. S. "Webb & Co. First exclusive book and job printing office in Dav- en])ort established by Luse & Coles. Sept. 1, corner-stone ot the bridge laid. Oct. 16, the first daily paper in Davenport, the Daily Gazette, issued by Sanders & Davis. Oct. 31, Le Claire House, Davenport, sold to Dr. J. J. Burtis. Nov. 25, Scott House opened by R. Benton. First (German) Evangelical Lutheran Church organized. Allen «fe Bosworth's steam saw- mill built iu Davenport. Hildreth & Dallam's steam flour-mill at East Davenport finished and put in operation. Population of Davenport, 6,000. Scott County Agricultural Society held their first annual fair. Oct. 4; §4:00 paid in premiums. June 5, ex-President Fillmore visited Davenport. June 10 Col. Will- iam Davenjiort visited Daveni)ort. June 21 a public sale of lots was made on the blufi one mile below Davenport, at which unim- proved lots sold at trom §150 to 82P0. William Herri ck & Co., of Cincinnati, commenced preparations to light the city of Daven- port with gas, September. Public school building dedicated in Davenport, Saturday, Sept. 30. 1S55. — Jan. 2, frost out of the ground and farmers plowing. Banking house of Yerberg & Barrows opened at Davenport. Jan. 13, Commercial Writing Academy opened by C. Parker in Daven- port. Steamboat "Minnesota Belle" arrived in port, the first arri- val from the Upper Mississippi for many years. Jan. 26, new city charter for Davenport. March 31, Young Men's Christian Associa- tion organized. May 15, new ferry-boat "Davenport'' established, between Rock Island and Davenport. July 20, first locomotive ever seen in Iowa arrived in Davenport called the "Antoine Le Claire." Track laid two and a half miles west of city. Aug. 23, city of Davenport first lighted by gas. Banner of Davenport changed liands, Mr. T. D. Eagal disposing of his interest to Messrs. Dalrymple & Richardson. Enos Tichenor elected Mayor of Dav- enport; William Burris, Judge; Harvey Leonard, Sheriff; and James McCosh, Recorder. Nov. 28, first steam-power printing press in- troduced in Iowa by Sanders & Davis, proprietors of the Gazette. 670 HI8T0KY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 1856. — Jan. 1, Mississippi measured by Mr. Hogan at low water mark; found to be 2,580 feet wide, and at high water, 2,700 feet wide. Jan 5, first number of the Daily Democrat of Daven- port issued. Jan. 20, mercury down to 20'^ below zero. Feb. 8, arrivals at the three hotels, Le Claire House, and the old and new Pennsylvania House, during the past year amounted to 50,000, as per the registers in the hotels named. Feb. 28, last span of the Mississippi bridge completed. March 6, bold robbery of boots and shoes from the store of Moore & Brown, of Davenport. June 6, enlargement of the Dally Gazette. July 16, the most destruc- tive and extensive fire by which Davenjjort had ever been visited, broke out on Monday night in a frame building on Front street, near the corner of R. .'k Island, occupied as a warehouse by Hull, Allen & Co. ; D. Moore's bakery, a two story brick build- ing' and a frame dwelling house occupied by Mr. Shields were also consumed; total loss, $15,000. Sept. 9, bridge over the Mis- sissippi completed. Cars commenced crossing on schedule time. Oct. 3, an ordinance passed by the City Council of Davenport for the purchase of two fire-engines, two hose-carts, and 1,S00 feet of hose. First permanent organization of a fire company. Oct. 21, dedication of Ste. Marguerite's church of Davenport. Dec. 5, first concert given by the Philharmonic Society. Dec. 9, ice bridge formed over the Mississippi. Davenport iron works estab- lished on Rock Island street, near Second, by Jemme, Donnelly & Lea; capital, $18,000; value of manufactures, $100,000; employing 55 hands. County jail erected, under the superintendence of Hon. W. L. Cook, then county judge. Le Claire machine works bought by M. Donahue; capital, $50,000; employ 40 hands; man- ufactures, $150,000 for the year. 1857. — Jan. 1, dissolution of Sanders & Davis, publishers of the daily and weekly Gazette, of Davenport, and partnership entered of Alfred and Add. H. Sanders. Jan. 9, Second Presbyterian church of Davenport destroyed by fire. Jan. 21, bill passed to amend the city charter of Davenport. Feb. 16, Board of Trade organized, and its officers elected. Feb. 17, 16 persons baptized in the river by the pastor of Second Baptist Church of Daven- port. March 17, Dr. Burtis disposed of his interest in the Le Claire House, Davenport, to Mr. Schuyler. March 9, a fire broke out in a store on Brady street, Davenport, occupied by Mr. Meyers as a cigar store. The fire spread to a two-story frame, owned by George L. Davenport, and occupied by Dr. "W. W. Parktr as a hard- HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 671 ware store. Both buildings were consumed. Mr. Meyers' loss, ■ $500, and Mr. Parker's, $8,700. April 16, Davenport furniture factory organized. May 1, opening of Cook & Sargent's new banking house in Davenport, on the corner of Main and Second streets. May 19, $70 asked for a ton of liay. May 29, arrival of the two fire engines for Davenport, the "Pilot " and the "Witch," from Boston, Mass., costing §3,400, throwing streams 200 feet from a IJ-inch nozzle; " Pilot" weighing 3,67u pounds, and the " Witch," 3,610 pounds. The " Rover" reel, with her hose, weighs 2,0S0 pounds. June 15, lively encounter between steamboat men and the bridge tenders, in which several were injured by stones being thrown from the steamer " Wra. H. Nelson." July 6, great fire broke out on Brady street, between Fourth and P^ifth streets, in Davenport, destroying 13 frame houses, used as stores and dwellings, and a large amount of household furniture. July 31, a boiler explosion in the M. & M. workshops, opposite the depot in Davenport. Two boilers were blown to pieces, the en- gines and brick work being scattered in all directions; but few lives were lost. Damage to property estimated to reach $5,000. Aug. 25, gas cut oft for two weeks in Davenport during necessary repairs, and for new ini])rovements and additions to the works. Sept. 4, a boiler explosion at Renwick's mill; no one hurt. Sept. 28, first town clock in Davenport; ])ut up by Cook & Sai'gent in front of their banking house, on the corner of Second and Main streets. Oct 1, Trinity church, Davenport, first lighted with gas. Oct. 19, the Independent fire engine and hose company took possession of their new engine room. 1858. — January, organization of the Pioneer Settlers' Associa tion of Scott County. Feb. 22, the Burtis House, on the corner of Fifth and Iowa streets, Davenport, opened to the public and the first annual festival of the Pioneer Settlers' Society. May 3, Ger- man Fire Company, No 3, organized in Davenport. Aug. 4, Cook & Sargent's bank refused to receive Burrows & Prettyman's cur- rency, except on special deposit. Aug. 11, trial of Thomas Cellian for the murder of his wife. Aug. 19, the Buckholter arson case on trial. Aug. 29, a disgraceful Sunday riot. Fight be- tween the police and ferry boat hands. Two policeman wounded, and several other parties injured. Sept. 1, first edition ot the Davenport Daily Times. On the morning of the 6th, at a quarter past 12 o'clock, a destructive fire broke out in the old Bazaar building, corner of Bradv and the river, in 672 HISTORY OF sco'rr county. .Davenport. It started in one of the saloons in the basement. The building was erected in 1852, and was worth $3,000. Cook & Sar- gent burned $200,000 of Florence currency in the furnace of their new building. Sept. 28, the steamer "Fannie Harris" sunk, and two lives were lost. Two firemen were knocked oti the boat by the force of the collision with the bridge piers. Damages to the boat amounted to about $2,000. Oct. 17, the Denton House caught on tire, destroying all the furniture; loss $10,000. Nov. 6, a burglar efiected an entrance into the post office by cutting out a panel in the rear door. About $12 was stolen. Arrest of two counterfeiters in Meyers' saloon on Brady street, with over $2,000 of the "queer" in their possession. Nov. 22, a bold but unsuccessful attempt to set fire to the new bank of Cook & Sargent, in Davenport. Dec. 14, two children burned to death, and one child severely injured, belonging to the family of Richard Dutton, who lived on Harrison, between Ninth and Tenth streets, Davenport. 1859. — Feb. 22, second annual festival of tlie Old Settlers' So- ciety at the Burtis House. March 20, the steamer " Aunt Lstty" blown against one of the bridge pieces, and about 40 feet of her liull stove in. May 12, the Pike's Peak excitement in full bloom. Grand review of the fire companies of Davenport and Pock Island. May 30, the Pike's Peak bubble bursts, and a large number of our citi- zens are daily returning. Several attempts at burglary and robbery from buildings and persons recorded on the 30th. June 6, daring but unsuccessful attempt to destroy the Rock Island Railroad bridge over the Mississippi River. Oct. 24, two persons stabbed in AYeide- man's beer garden, on the bluft", by cabin boys from the steamer "Fred Lorenz." Oct. 30, death of William Herrig one of the young men stabbed in Weideman's beer garden, Davenport. Nov. 4, daring but unsuccessful attempt to break jail frustrated by the plucky conduct ol Jailer Graham's wife, of Davenport. Nov. 8, Sunday laws, a special ordinance passed by the City Council of Davenport, that the city marshal be hereby ordered to prevent the unlawful assemblage on the Sabbath day at dance houses, beer houses, grog shops and drinking saloons, etc. Nov. 21, first malt house in Davenport started by Mr. Decker, corner of Fourth and Scott streets. The first operation in tracha^otomy, in Davenport, successfully performed by Dr. Adler, assisted by Drs. Fountain and Maxwell, on a little son of Mr. D. B. Shelley. Nov. 26, the Andalusia packet " Comet" met with an accident during the storm. "While coming up the river under a heavy press of canvas, when a UISTOEY OF SCOrr COUNTY. 673 short distance above Credit Island, was struck by a squall, and her mainmast and ringing were carried overboard, and encountering a heavy sea, sunk in five feet of water. The crew safely swam ashore. Dae. 2, old John Brown was publicly executed at 11 o'clock on the morning of Dec. 2, at Charleston, Va. A number of the German citizens of Davenport showed their sympathy for him by lowering tlie flag to half mast on Lahramann's Hall, and draped it in mourning; a number of stores harl crape attached to the doors, and some Germans wore crape on their hats. Dec. 16, the Odd Fellows of Davenport dedicated tlieir new hall on Brady above Fifth street. Dec. 16, suspension of Cook & Sargent's banking house of Davenport. 1S60. — Jan. 1, lion. Ilirain Price elected mayor of Davenport with a majority of 26S votes over Judge Grant. Jan. 23, destruc- tive fire broke out at 90 Brad_v street, Davenport, occupied by Miss Kenwick as a millinery store; loss nearly $3,000. Jan. 28, Hor- ace Greeley lectured on Northwestern America, and had the largest audience tiiat had ever assembled for a similar occasion in Davenport. Feb. 22, grand military display to celebrate the anni- versary of George Washington's birthday. Feb. 27, first annual festival of tiie Scott County "Xew England Society," held in the Burtis House, Davenport. March 21, the city hospital, situated about one mile from the city of Davenport, on Locust street, de- stroyed by fire; work of an incendiary. March 22, Messrs J. C. Matliers & A. Winert erected a soap, candle factory and tannery in Davenport. Mr. Stroh also erected a tine two-story brick store on Harrison, above Second street, and Mr. Richard B. Hill erected a block of five warehouses on Front street, corner of Brady. April 21, Itobert E. Campbell, of Davenport, a banker, committed suicide. June 1, a brush Tnanufactorj' was started in Davenport by Joseph Wliisler, on Kipley street. Marble works opened b}^ McCosh & Donahue. June 3, the large ice-iiouse 100 x 30 feet, belonging to E. Peck, blown down. June 25, riotous and disgracaful proceed- ings at the election jiolls in the Si.vth Ward of Davenport during the election for alderman. July 4. an immense crowd of the citi- zens of Davenport turn out and enjoy the day. Splendid parade made by the military and other civic societies. July 19, new gro- cery house opened in Davenport by A. J. Preston. John Howe starts in business, on his own account, in the gas and steam fitting and plumbing line. July 22, a very narrow escape of Dr. J. A. Reid, of Davenport, from drowning. July 26, conijiletion of several 674 HISTORY OF scorr county. of the fine stores in R. B. Hill's block on Second street. Kehoe & Carbart opened up a drv-goods store. Aug. 9, several new ware- bouses completed and opened up by Charles Glassman, grocer, on Third, below Gaines street. William Dalzell put up a frame 80 x 25, on Harrison street, above Fifth. J. S. Coates erected a stone build- ing 75 x 30, of one and a half stories, on the southeast corner ot Perry and Front streets, Davenport. Aug. 12, extensive improve- ments made in the Great Western Brewery; the amount of capital invested is about $16,000. Aug. 15, Young Men's Associated Congress organized. Sept. 9, farewell sermon preached by Rev. George F. Magoun. pastor of the Congrearational Church of Daven- port. Sept. 12, Mayor Caldwell, of Davenport, forfeited his position as mayor by moving outside of the city limits. Sept. 16, the Re- formed Dutch church was dedicated at 10 A. M., and the Rev. C. G. Van Derveer was installed as pastor. The church is located on the corner of Eleventh and Brady streets, Davenport. Sept. 18, a broom factory started by C. H. Van Epps; also a woolen and spinning mill opened. Oct. 3, the Davenport Gazette took the diploma and a $10 premium at the State Fair for the best looking paper in the State of Iowa. 1861. — Feb. 2-1, an attempt was made to assassinate President Lincoln, whilst traveling from Harrisburg to Baltimore. March 29, sudden death of Dr. E. J. Fountain. Six attempts at incendi- arism in one night. April 7, election day; Republicans carry the day by a large majority. H. G. French elected Mayor; O. S. McNeil, Marshal. Charles H. Eldridge succeeded A. F. Mast as Postmaster. Mr. Mast had held the office for eight years. April 15, great excitement in Davenport over the reported surrender of Fort Sumter by Major Anderson. April 24, Governor Kirk- wood's arrival at Davenport, and the acceptance of Captains Littler's and Wentz's companies for the Second Regiment. May 10, collision with the bridge by the steamer " Gray Eagle,'' which sunk a few minutes afterward; total loss of boat and cargo, val- ued at $50,000. May 10, A. F. Mast, ex-Postmaster of Davenport, opened a grocery store on the corner of Third and Harrison streets. May 20, Captain R. M. Littler and his regiment, the Davenport City Guards, ordered to Keokuk. May 22, sword pre sentation to Captain R. M. Littler by the Davenport Guards. July 1, appointment of Add. Sanders to the position of staff officer to the governor. July 29, Col. Hoffman appointed to take charge of a regiment. Aug. 12, appointment of Dr. M. B. Cochran as HISTORY OF SCOTT COTraTT. 675 surgeon to tlie First Regiment of Iowa Cavalry. Aug. 13, terri- ble tight in Missouri. The rebels repulsed with tremendous loss. The rebel depot on the Potomac cleaned out. Captain Littler pro- moted to lieutenant-colonelcy of his regiment. Aug. 17, Edwards Congregational Church of Davenport re-organized. Aug. 27, grand reception to Captain Wentz's company, First Regiment of Iowa Volunteers. Sept. 6, Company C, Second Regiment of Iowa Cavalry, organized with Henry Egbert as captain. Sept. 8, Colonel Ilotiman resigns his commission as colonel of the Eighth Regiment. Sept. 25, death of Antoine Le Claire, aged 63 years nine months and ten days. Mr. Le Claire was struck with paralysis about nine days before his death. Oct. 11, election delayed on account of war excitement. Resulted as follows: James Thorington, Sheriff; August F. Mast, Recorder. Nov. 9, Lieut .-Colonel Wentz killed in an engagement at Bel- mont. Nov. 12, arrival of the body of the late gallant Colonel Wentz, and the same lying in state in Metropolitan Hall. Nov. 13. funeral of the late Col. Wentz; grand military display, in which all the public schools, civic societies and citizens take part. Business generally suspended, and houses on the route draped in mourning for one of Iowa's most gallant dead. Add. li. Sanders appointed lieut.-colonel of the 16th Regiment Iowa Infantry, quartered at Camp McClellan. Dec. 5, presentation of a sword and revolvers to Lieut.-Colonel Sanders by Col. Hill. Dec. 17, Charleston, S. C. rn flames. 1862. — Feb. 7, Fort Henry taken by the Union army. Feb. 17, Fort Donelson and 15,000 prisoners surrendered to Gen. Grant. Feb. 26, arrival at Davenport of the late Capt. Sla^'maker's body, who was killed before Fort Donelson; impressive funeral services held in St. Luke's chmeh. April 6, election day; Hon. G. H. French re-elected Miiyor; Harvey Leonard, Marshal. April 11, the 8th, 12th and l-ltli Regiments uf Iowa Infantry taken prisoners. Lieut. -Col. Littler lost his left arm in the attack before Pittsburg Landing. April 29, capture of New Orleans and occupation by the Fetleral forces. May 6, disastrous lire in Davenport, destroy- ing the grain eleva'or on the southwest corner of Fifth and Har- rison streets; h>ss, $12,000. May 12, Norfolk in possession of the Federals. May 19, suicide in the Hurtis House of Jennett Dutton. May 25, dissolution of partnership existing between Alfred and Add. H. Sanders, of the Davenport Gazette; the business was continued by Alfred Sanders. July 21, Burrows &, Prettyman's 676 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. mill and block destroyed by fire; loss, §60,000. Sept. S, Alfred Sanders disposed of his interest in the Davenport Gazette to Messrs. James McCosh, Edward Russell, Fred Koops and Levi Davis, the same entering into a co-partnership to be known as the " Gazette Company." Oct. 14, Col. Sanders returns home badly wounded b}' a minie ball in his right leg, which he received while leading his regiment against the enemy, his horse being shot from under him. The Colonel procured another horse and remained with his men till dark. Dec. 1, dedication of the new German Theater of Davenport, corner of Scott and Third streets, by a grand ball. 1863. — Jan. 6, sword presented to Major William Penn Clark. Jan. 13, Old Settlers' reunion. Feb. 17, a new bakery opened by Messrs. Matthes & Berkel in Davenport. Feb. 21, Davenport starch factory started by George A. Baker & Brotlier. March 7, new banking house opened in Davenport by Messrs. Corbin & Dow. March S,6, Le Claire Row, Davenport, on Second street, from Main to Brady, sold to Charles Yeile, of Evansville, Ind., for $60,000. April 4, John E. Henry elected mayor of Davenport- April 27, Demoo'at issued as an evening instead of morning paper. May 11, Mr. J. J. Richardson became associated with his brother in the proprietorship of the Democrat of Davenport. May 18, Messrs. Schricker & Dressaint purchased the mill property of Burmell, Gillette h Co., for $9,000. June 29, the First National Bank opened with Austin Cobin, President, and Ira M. Gif" ford, Casliier, and secured the first certificate issued under the new banking law in the United States. Aug. 31, the Davenport City Relief Society organized with Mayor John E. Henry as President; G. L. Davenport, Treasurer, andF. H. Griggs, Secretary. Sept. 21, 10 candidates admitted to the university by Bishop Ames, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Sept. 23, Robert Sickels, who had been in business in Davenport many years, formed a co-partnership with A. J. Preston, in the hardware and iron trade. Nov. 11, Twin City Mills destroyed by fire; loss, $15,000. Shields' woolen-mill in operation for the first time. 1861. — Jan. 1, Young Men's Library, connected with tlie Associ- ated Congress of Davenport, organized with a library of 1,200 volumes. June 1, 44:th Iowa Regiment mustered into Govern- ment service, with S. II. Henderson, Colonel; Henry Egbert, Lien- tenant-Colonel, and E. F. Richman, Adjutant. July 11, gold closed in New York on Saturday at $2.86. Aug. 18, a load of barley sold on the streets of Davenport for $1.81 per bushel. Aug. 29, HISTORY OF SCOTT COtTNTT. 677 Messrs. Bn'ant & Co., of Davenport, establish a jobbing-house fur boots and shoes. Aug. 31, corner-stone of Griswokl College laid. Terrible fight between raftsmen in Hartel's saloon, on Second street, between Perry and Kock Island streets, Davenport; one man dangerously stabbed. Sept. 22, General Sheridan routs the enemy at Harper's Ferry; over 5,000 prisoners taken; great public demonstration and rejoicing at the favorable tidings. Nov. 24, Lieut.-Colonel Robert M. Littler appointed Acting Assistant Provost Marshal General for the State of Maine, with head- quarters at Augusta. Dec. 25, General Sherman captures Savan- nah, including 150 guns and 33,000 bales of cotton. Dec. 29, Griswold College chapel consecrated by Bishop Lee, and assisted by Bishop Vail, of Kansas. 1865. — Jan. 18, Fort Fisher captured bv the Union array; great rejoicings at Davenport; a salute of lOu guns fired in honor of the victory. March 14, Opening of Bryant & Stratton Com- mercial Business College in Nichol's Block, corner of Brady and Second streets, Davenport. April 1, John L. Davies elected Mayor; William Pool, Marshal; W. A. Kemington, Treasurer; Francis Ochs, Assessor, of Davenport. April 3, Petersburg evac- uated and Richmond taken. April 9, Lee surrendered, with his entire army, to General Grant. Exteusive conflagration in dwellings in rear of St. Louis Hotel, Davenport; stables and numerous dwellings destroyed; loss, $8,000. Another tire broke out in a frame building, used for storage of hay and feed for horses and mules in the Government stables, on Second street, between Perry and Rock Island, Davenport; loss, §1,000. Still another fire broke out in stable in the alley between Perr}' and Brady, used by Dr. Carpenter. April 10, grand gala day in Davenport, and great rejoicings; immense procession; grand illumination in the evening. April 11, Major R. M. Littler promoted to Lieutenant- Colonel of U. S. Volunteers, by President Lincoln, for faithful and meritorious service. April 15, President Lincoln shot dead; J. Wilkes Booth the assassin . Secretary Seward also assailed by a murderer; he survives the wounds inflicted upon him; the would- be assassin escaped. April 25, death of Alfred Sanders, former proprietor of the Gazette. April 2S, Booth, the assassin of Presi- dent Lincoln, was shot dead, and his accomplice, Harold, was taken prisoner about three miles from Port Royal. April 29, ter- rible accident on the Mississippi, a few miles above Cairo, by the explosion of the steamer "Sultana;" over 1,000 lives were 678 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. lost, and the boat burned to the water's edge. May 14-, Jefi Davis, the Rebel President, captured in Irwinville, Georgia. July 13, hoop-skirt manufactory established in Davenport by Winter, Grouse & Co., at No. 23 East Second street. Aug. 20, a man shot dead whilst assaulting a i-eturned soldier with an ax, in Daven- port; verdict rendered, justifiable homicide. Oct. 10, Removal of Mr. Russell as post-master, and General Sanders appointed to the position. Oct. 31, post-office removed to the corner of Third and Perry streets. 1866. — April 8, election day in Davenport ; John L. Davies was elected Mayor ; W. A. Remington, Treasruer ; Francis Ochs, As- sessor, WilliamPool, Marshal. May 7, collision, the steamer " Enter- prise" sunk by striking tlie large pier of the bridge; loss, $40,000, insurance, §12,000. May 15, arrival of the new steam tire-engine for the Fire Kings of Davenport. May 16, firemen's annual re- view of Davenport; grand display of the department; after the in- spection by the City Council was concluded, the engines were tried and worked satisfactorily. May 25, Davenport rope factory started. Aug. 1, the Atlantic cable laid, and in good working order. Aug. 21, the roof ot the Congregational church fell in wliile under- going repairs ; no one injured. Oct. 6, survey commenced for the railroad bridge and carriage drive over the Mississippi, imder the supervision of E. H. Johnson. Oct. 9, Hiram Price, of Daven- port, elected member of Congress. Oct. IS, improvements and enlargement of St. Marguerite's church completed. Dec. 9, lament- able occurrence ; an elderly woman, Mrs. Julia Ann Cahill, aged 70 years, and two grandchildren burned to death, and a boy fa' ally injured by the burning of their house on Locust street road. Dec. 28, incendiarism; burning of barn, horses, cattle, ha}-, etc., belong- ing to Judge W. L. Cook ; loss, $4,000. The number of suicides, burglaries, fires, etc., during the last two months, exceeds any- thing that has ever occured in Davenport during any six months from the time of its earliest settlement. 1867. — Jan. 24, a new grocery establishment opened in Daven- port on Brady street by Messrs. Price vfe Conner. A new hard- ware house opened at No. 50 Brady street, by Goodwill & Bissell. Feb. 4, re-opening of the new Y. M. C. A. rooms in Le Claire Block, Davenport, J. S. Conner, President. March 17, six prisoners broke jail, and after a lively chase three were captured by the sherift and aids. April 6, election day ; Michael Donahue, May- or; J. W. Moore, Marshal; Otto Klung, Treasurer; T. J. Saunders, i^€fUc-^A<:-^2^,^ HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 681 Assessor. June 11, ceremony of breaking the ground for the Episcopal Cathedral. June 23, first annual commencement of exercises of Griswold College ; sermon preached by the Rev. Chester S. Percival, of Cedar Rapids. June 29, permanent location in Davenport of Dr. E. II. Hazen, oculist and aurist. July, corner-stone of St. Mary's church, of Davenport, laid, July 21. Over 200 buildings have been erected and more than $500,000 invested within the last seven months in improvements and addition to business and private houses in Davenport. Sept. 3, another destructive conflagration in Davenport; seven business houses on Brady street in ruins; loss, §160,000. Levi Davis sold his interest in the Gazette Company to J. S. Conner. Sept. 10, the C, R. I. & P. R. R. open to Des Moines; the first train from Davenport through to the capitol celebrated with especial interest. Sept. 30, five buildings burned on East Second street, Davenport, between Perry and Brady streets; less, $5,000. Nov. 11, Bur- rows' flour-mill burned; loss, $15,000. JSlov. 25, return of Bishop Lee from the Lambeth Contereiice, to Davenport. Dec. 29, com- pletion of the Burtis Opera House. Dec. 26, formal opening of the Burtis Opera House, Davenport; a grand success. 1868. — Jan. 16, subscription books opened for a street railway in Davenport. Feb. 12, great damage done to the bridge by the ice gorge ; one span moved off the pier ; five steamboats and barges wrecked; the water up to Second 3tn_ 't; the river rose eight feet in two hours; daiiiage?:, $150,000. March 16, a tornado on the river ; the railroad bridge in ruins : entire destruction of the draw. April -1, election da)' in Davenport, Mr. Donahue elected Mayor; John Kaufman, Marsiial; Otto Klung, Trer.surer; Francis Oclis, Assessor. May 23, new grocery store opened by Risley & Bawden, on the corner of Third and Harrison streets, Davenport. July 16, A. L. Mossman swam from the loot of Perry street, Daven- port, to the ferry landing at Rock Island in 17 minutes. Dec. 7, Sickles & Preston opened a hardware store in Davenport. 1869. — Jan. 15, a woman arrested in Davenport with $3,000 counterfeit money in her possession. Jan. 31, the jewelry store of Arcliibald Corken entered by burglars; money and jewelry to tlie value of $1,600 taken. March 2. Third street railroad opened. March 13, estimated population of Davt-niwrt, according to the assessor's books, 20,063. April 4, election day in Davenixirt; James Renwick elected Mayor; John RHnfman, Marshal; Francis Ochs, Assessor; W. A. Remington, Treasurer. Apr. 9. incendiary 40 HISTORY OF SCOTT COtTNTY. work; destruction of John L. Davis' planing-mill; loss, $20,000; no insurance. Nov. 11, the Democrat building tired, narrow es- cape of the structure ; loss, about $1,600. Dec. 20, Simonson's clothing store on Second street, Davenport, burned ; loss, $25,000. 1870. — Feb. 26, $10,000 Avorth of beer destroyed belonging to Knepper & Schlapp, in East Davenport, by parties drilling holes in the large casks and vats, and letting all the beer out; over 700 barrels of lager were destroyed. April 2, Republican victory at the polls in Davenport; John M.'Lyter, Mayor; John Kaufman Marshal; F. Ochs, Assessor; W. A. Eemington, Treasurer. Apr. 4, extensive fire in Davenport ; Pennsylvania House burned ; also three residences; loss, $75,000. April 15, bold attempt to destroy theCity Flour Mills, of Davenport; loss, $1,100. April 25, Garrett's shoe factory, two dwelling-houses, Knostman & Petersen's furniture factory and lumber yard burned; loss, $30,000; all in Davenport. May 19, D. A. Burrow's mill of Davenport burnt; loss, $10,000. Aug. 22, a mother and her two children foully murdered, near Second and Warren streets, in Davenport. Aug. 29, a man's arm torn out of the socket at Renwick's mill in Davenport; he dies 30 minutes afterward. Sept. 4. J. C. Bills elected Mayor of Davenport. A new wholesale store for hats, caps, furs and straw goods opened by J. A. Solomon & Co. at No. 10 \^eile's Block, Davenport. Sept. 19, new trunk factory started in Davenport by William McKay & Son. Sept. 20, Hosford & Nutting opened a new hardware store in Davenport. Oct. 6, first train on the D. & St. P. E. R. over the Wapsie. Oct. 23, two passenger trains each way daily from Davenport to De Witt. Nov. 20, the firm of Charles Knell and G. R. Marvin opened a new furniture establish- ment in Davenport. Nov. 21, first regular through passenger train to St. Louis ; 248 miles in 11 hours to the Mound City from Davenport. Dec. 15, installation of the Rev. J. B. Stewart as pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Davenport. 1871. — Jan. 28, A. S. Alston's store on Second street, Daven- port, robbed of $2,000 worth of silks and velvets. Feb. 5, first marriage in Davenport according to the rites of the Jewish fiiith, the contracting parties being Mr. E. Rothschild, of the city, and Miss C. Lazare, of Rock Island, 111. April 1, election day in Dav- enport ; J. C. Bills, elected Mayor ; J. A. Le Claire, Marshal. Tompson & Bahls opened a new merchant tailoring establishment. Oct. 5, heavy fire in Davenport, the iron elevator destroyed; 50," 000 bushels of grain burned; loss, $62,000. Opening of R. Clay- HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. 683 ton's plumbing, gas and steam-fitting establishment on Second street. Oct. 14, cold-blooded stabbing of Dr. G. W. Lyon, whilst standing in his own door-yard, by Michael Delaney. Dec. 17, Hon. John L. Davies's stable in Harrison street burned ; loss $4,000. 1872.— The Rev. J. G. Merrill succeeds the Eev. J. A. Hamil- ton as pastor of the Edwards Congregational Church, Davenport. March 1, Glue factory started by Mason & Co. on Second street, foot (.f Ainsworth, 102x62; costing $13,000. H. C. Marsh, of Gorton, ^. Y., succeeds Levi Davis as one of the proprietors of the Gazette; estimated value of the Gazette property, $55,000. March 28, death of the Hon. John L. Davies, of Davenport. Ajiril 4, a fine retail hat, cap, and gents furnishing store opened on Third street, near the postoffice, by W. S. Cameron. Aug. 22, heavj' fire in Davenport; destruction 'of Kirk's planing-mill and other property; loss, $21,000. Nov. 21, Government bridge opened. Dec. 31, completion of the new gas works of Davenport, at a cost of $55,000. 1873. — Jan. 23, destruction of the old city market house of DavenportjOn Western avenue; "Rescue" engine and"Pioneer" hook and ladder truck burned; loss, $4,700. Bridge completed; length, including shore spans, 1,848 feet; five spans and one draw. Feb, 10, dedication, by Bishop Andrews, of the new Methodist church of Davenport on Brady street. March 10, reappointment of Post- master Russell. April 5, J. A. Murphy elected Mayor of Daven- port, J. A. Le Claire, City Marshal; B. Finger, Assessor. May 5, completion of the fine organ in the Episcopal Cathedral at a cost of $5,000. May 26, organization ot the Davenport Glucose Com- pany; capital stock, $50,000; June 18, consecration of the Epis- copal Cathedral; sermon by Bishop Whipple, of Minnesota, in the forenoon, and by Bishop Clarksou, of Nebraska, in the evening. June 22, death of Dr. White, late business manager of the Gazette Company. Aug. 26, corner-stone of the new Trinity church laid, on the corner of Brady and Seventh streets. Oct. 14, election re- turns; L. Rholfs, Treasurer; H. Leonard, Sheriff; L. Robeson, Assessor. Dec. 26, dedication of the new Congregational church, corner of Ninth and Perry streets. Dec. 30, opening of new water- works at a cost of $512,000. 1874. — Fire pressure; official test of the water- works; thepumps can furnish 9,610,200 gallons in 24 hours, supplied by two engines, each of 125jhorse-power. Feb. 5, swindling venture ofT. S. Egglesht ii Co., to steal $15,U00 from three banks; capture of Egglesht after 684 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. a smart chase. March. 20, E. C. Chapin succeeds the late Dr. J. H. Wliite as business manager of the Gazette Company, by pur- chasino; a one-third interest. April 4, election returns are : J. W. Stewart, Mayor; B. Fingjr, Assessor; J. E. Le Claire, Marshal. April 27, Fritz Dinkel kills iiis wife with a butcher knife. Sept. 27, death ot'Bisliop Lee from tiie effects of serious injuries received from falling down stairs. Dec. 25, opening of the new Trinity cliurcii of Divenporton the corner of Seventii and Brady. Jan. 3, Retiwick Memorial or East DavenpiM-t Mission church, dedicated. Jan. 9, remarkable change in tlie weatiier; at 11 A.M., 21 '^ above zero; at 2 P.M. 4 ^ below, and at 10 P.M., 21 ' below zero in Daven- port. March 29, disastrous fire in Davenport; Shields' woolen-mill partially destroyed; heavy losd of machinery, wool and cloth; loss, $30,00(1 to $40,000. April 3, election day in Davenport; Roderick Rose, elected Mayor;. E. II. Jenning, Marshal; B. Finger, Assessor. May 8, great morning in Davenport; tiie loss of the steam- ship " Schiller," 16 residents of Divoiipjrt being among the lost, viz.: Charles F. Haase, wife and two cliiliiren; Otto Kircher, P. xV. Paulsen, William Fraham, Mrs. M:ii-garetha Klomnier, P .C. Roschmann, Mrs. Emma Hansen and I'Jiild, Henry Goetsch, G. W. Gntsch and .wife, .Fohn Ni-isen and John Bonhotf. May 12, Consecration of Trinity church, of Davenport ; sermon by Bisliop Talbot. Aug. 28, Seig & Williams entered their new warehouse; a tine .hree-story brick, 43 x 150 feet, on the southeast corner of Third and Main streets, D.ivenport. Sept. 4, M. Weide- mann opens a new dry-goods, notions, and millinery establish- ment, on the corner of Second and Harrison streets, Davenport. Sept. 14, Beiderbecker & Miller take possession of their tine new building on West Second street, Davenport; its size is 150 x 70, and three stories high, with all the latest interior improvements. Nov. 4, Mr. Edward Russell again assumes the chair as editor-in- chief of the Gazette, by purchasing the interest of W. M. Potter. 1876. — Jan. 1, G^-JS'jWe annual review shows the following build- ing improvements during 1875 : Charles Plill's furniture store on Second street, four stories, 21x80; cost $6,000; a three-story brick on Second street lietween Ripley & Scott, 40x75, erected by August Steffen and II. Dolr man, cost $10,0;)0; Reupke, Schmidt & Co., cracker factory, corner lowi and Fourth street, 43 x 150, two story, cost $5,000; Schauder's Hotel, Front street, three-story brick, 20 x 70. cost, $6,000; Stcffen's Block, corner Harrison and Second. 87x77, three-sto'-y brick and iron, cost, $25,000; Grant's HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 685 Hotel, corner of Main ami Frotit streets, tlirue-story brick, 55 x 150, 73 rooms, and cost $21,000. Feb. 22, great fire in Davenport; de- struction of Hill's block and several stores and offices; loss over $50,000. April 1, election day; Roderick Rijse, Mayor; Edward Jennings. Marshal. April 3, U. N. Roberts & Co. took posses- sion of their tine new three-story brick, corner of Harrison and Fourth; size (^3 x 105. May 15, heavy tire broke out in Ren wick, Shaw ctCrossett's mill; lumber and machinery destroyed valued at $10,000. Sept. 10, Rev. William Stevens Perry, D. D. (of Trinity Church, Geneva, N. Y.), consecrated bishop of the Episcopal Church for the diocese of Iowa. Oct. 4, tirst issue of the new Ger- man paper, Der Sterneii Banner. 1877. — Jan. 1, annual review of the Gazette, 1876, shows build- ing improvements §211:, 250; total amount of manufactures, §11,- 302,902.07; goods sold at wholesale, $5,397,000; grain receipts, 5,380,000 bushels. Jan. 18, arrival at the water-works, Davenport, of the new engines. March l-t, J. L. Dayraude succeeds E. C. Clia- pin as business manager ot the Gazette Company. jApiil- 7, election day in Davenport; T. T. Dow, elected Mayor, E. J. Jennings, Mar- shal; E. H. Schmidt, Assessor. Aug 12, completion of the new Board of Trade rooms, of Davenport. Aug. 20, Der Demokrat moves into its new quarcers; tine three-story brick, cut-stone front, on Third street, near Main. Sept. 15, Whitaker's mill destroyed by tire; loss, §10,000. Oct. 4, corner-stone laid of the new lil)rary building for the Academy of Science. Nov. 6, the corner-stone of the new library building, with impressive ceremonies i)y the Masonic order. Nov. 20, new book store opened on Brady street, by Gartside & Piatt. Dec. 16, the 100-foot single-deck spin on the island side of Government bridge broken down, by a derrick attached to a freight train, and Conductor McFarland seriously in- jured. Dec. 30, dedication of the Fire King's new engine house on Perry street. Ashtabula bridge disaster, Dec. 28, 1876. Captain Haupt, proprietor of the Mississippi House, Davenport, died Jan. 6, in the 57tii year of his age. lie had run the house for 20 years. March 6, 1877,George Mordaunt arrested for forgery on several parties in Davenport. June 25, severe storm throughout tlie county; great damage to crops. July 2t), big strike of railroad employes. Sept. 8, old settlers had a barbecue at Blue Grass. 1878. — Jan. 3, Der Demokrat a|ipears enlarged from six to seven coulmn paper. Jan. 1, a steamboat, the '"McDonald," landed from Le Claire; something that is almost unknown. Jan. 5, death of Fred. O. Parker. March 30, dastardly attempt of two masked 686 HISTORY OF SCOIT COtTNTT. men to kill and rob Father Cosgrove. April 8, Major Giistavus Schnitzer received a telegram from Hon. Hiram Price, at Washing- ton, that he was appointed United States Marshal for Wyoming Territory. April 6, Charles Hagerty, arrested for the attempted murder of Father Cosgrove. May 12, snow and frost all over the West. Davenport had her share. May 22, State Homeopathic Convention met at Burtis House. Dec. 9, snow storm lasting part of three days; snow about three feet deep. 1879.— The Gazette shows a record of 1878 of the business inter- ests of Davenport; total value of manufactories S-t,45S, 90S; amount of wholesale and jobbing trade as $.5,018,500; building improve- ments $160,000. During the year 1878, 29,189 passengers were ticketed from the C, R. I. & P. P. P. ticket office at Davenport. Jan. 7, a Mrs. llogan living about three miles from Davenport burned to death ; caught her clothing afire while warming her- self Jan. 4, quite a serious fire at Princeton, sweeping away an entire row of substantial brick buildings, the worst loss this place has ever had, being about $9,500. Jan. 12, John McManus and wife had gone to church and left their five children; the old- est boy, Frank, had the day before bought a pistol, and he got it out, and supposing it to be unloaded, pointed it at his sister Mary and pulled the trigger; the pistol was discharged the ball en- tering her l)rain; she died in a short time. Jan. 15, corn blockade at Chicago. Jan. 30, Gen. Sigel was in Davenport on a short visit to his friends. Feb. S, quite a fire on the corner of Second and Brady streets; loss about $3,000. Feb. 15, James McManus died at his residence at the west end of Third street. Feb. 20, death of Mrs. Clarissa C. Cook. March 29, death ot JST. M. Rambo. April 4, double death b}^ suicide, ot Harry Watt and Louisa Filter. April 15. William Smith crushed to death by a boiler falling on him while helping to move it at the rear end of the round-house in Davenport. April 21,Mrs. Scharinberas' and Mr. Becker's houses on West Ninth street were burned. May 2, Frederick Winters committed suicide by jumping into the river. May 6, Warren Chase fell from the top of Mr. Ballard's house in Davenport, where he was painting. His neck was nearly broken and spinal column so injured that the whole body was paralyzed. May 11, 36 girls and boys took their first communion at St. Anthony's church, Davenport. May 20, Judge Dillon tendered the petition of professor of municipal and real- estate law in Columbia Law School, New York, at a salary of $7,000. May 22, total destruction of H. P. Beatties flouring mill by fire; HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 687 loss $100,000. May 2S, telegram received by Charles E. Put- nam, that his son John C. was drowned at Hoboken, N. J., while attending school. May 31, Government bridge opened perma- nently after being closed for repairs. Mrs. D. Keck bought the John r. Cook residence at the cost of $12,000. June 2, the Mrs. Ebenezer Cook will case settled. On the 4th of July a lad named Henry Caston acted tlio part of a genuine hero in saving the life of James Collins, a boy of 13 years, who was drowning in the river. A burglary was perpetrated at the residence of Mr. G. P. Knostman, on the night of the 3d of July, 1879. Several valuable articles were stolen. One of the most furious storms of wind and rain that ever visited this locality oc- curred on the morning of the 9th of July. Not much damage was done to buildings, but the injury to the crops was enormous, whole fields of corn and oats being prostrated. On Thursday afternoon, July 12, a fatal accident occurred to one of Davenport's old and established citizens, Christian Kusch. He was carrying some shin- gles to the carpenters, to a scaffolding just beneath the eaves of a barn they were building, when the scaffolding fell with him to the ground. He was taken up senseless and died from the eU'ects of his injuries Friday noon. He had been a resident of Scott County since 1S57, and had always been a (^uiet man, honest and highly es- teemed by his acquaintances. Jacob Breis, who was in his 90th year, died July 16, at the residence of his son-in-law, Lucas Ruhl The deceased had been a resident of Davenport for 30 years. At 10 o'clock on the morning of July 10, the body of an unknown man was found in the river at the foot of Harrison street ; an in- quest was held, the jury's verdict being " death from accidental drowning." The glucose company had $7,000 worth of machin- ery under contract for their works, much of it nearly completed, when the works were totally destroyed by fire, July 19. The body of George AYestphal, of Davenport, who was drowned off a Gov- ernment dredge boat, above Hampton, on Monday afternoon, July 28, was recovered below Hampton two days later. He had been a resident of Davenport 22 years. An attempt was made to rob the drug store of J. F. Koch, on the night of Aug. 5, which came near resulting in the death of Mr. Koch; two shots were fired by the burglar which missed their mark. B. B. Woodward, for many years one of Davenport's most prominent citizens, died at his res- idence in that city Aug. 19, after a long and painful illness. Na- thaniel Wilson died of old age in Le Claire township, Aug. 19, 688 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. He was one of the first pioneers in tliat township and has resided in Scott County 42 years. On Thursday morning, Aug. 28, the most costly, the finest, and one of the largest barns in Scott County, be- longing to E. W. Gilbert, of New York, and occupied by C. Druehl, was struck by lightning and completely demolished. A shocking outrage was perpetrated in Winfield township on Friday night, Sept. 26. Near midnight three masked men forced an entrance into the house of Farmer Flanery, dragged him from his bed, theni in spite of all resistance from him and pleadings from his wife, they took him out of doors and kicked and beat him in the most brutal manner and ended their infamous work by throwing him in a pond. His injuries were very severe. A shocking accident oc- curred on Oct. 20. The \ictim was Edward Fleming, son of James Fleming, No. 522 West Fifth street. He had been put to work by his employer to melt zinc to galvanize telephone wire. Following instruc- tions he poured a composition of some kind into a kettle of boiling zinc causing an instantaneous explosion; which covered his face and neck with the scalding stuff, which sank deep in the flesh. He pre- sented a horrible spectacle, both eyes being burned out. The burning of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul round-house occurred on Oct. 30, two engines being badly damaged. The death of Joiin Burnside, occurred at his home in Blue Grass township, Nov. 8. He was a true, upright and honest man, respected by all who knew him. On Dec. 12, the livery stable of Judson Parcell was almost com- pletely destroyed by fire. The live stock and portable property ■were all saved, but the buildings were almost totally demolished. After several months of illness with consumption Hon. Eugene Birchard died at home, in Pleasant Valley township, Dec. 13. ISSO- — On the morning of Jan. 2, George Balch met with a fatal accident at the railroad yards, dying at 2 o'clock in the afternoon from the eflfectsof his injuries. The quiet peace of Sunday morning, Jan. 11, was disturbed by a most horrible accident, resulting in the death of Miss Addie E. "Webb. The exact nature of the ac- cident will never be known, but it is supposed that a lamp she was carrying exploded and set fire to her clothing and body; death re- lieved hei'of her sufferings soon after. On the night of Feb. 1, the First National Bank caught fire and came near being entirely de- stroyed. There was no damage to the books or private valuables, but the building presented a sorry sight. T. B. Olshausen's pot- tery on Eighth street, was destroyed by fire Feb. 14. As bold an operation in the robber's line, as ever was carried out in Daven- HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. 68^ port — a peculiar operation standing alone in its class — was enacted on the evenino of Feb. 17. About 9 o'clock the law office of Mar- tin, Murphy & Lynch was entered; a young attorney, D. S. Dris- coU, was blind-folded, gauged and made to unlock the safe; $303 in cash was the reward of the robbers bold scheme. The deatii of Col. J. U. Berryhill occurred March 3. On Thursday morning, March 11, the large frame tavern known as the Meyers Place, with barn and dance hall adjoining, were consumed by fire. Terrible storm of wind and rain April 19, causing great destruction ot prop- erty. One of Davenport's honored citizens, Dr. C. G. Blood, died April 27. A large fire occurred May 6, ISSO, resulting in the de- struction of the extensive rope-walk of M. Bondinot & Sons, a dwelling house and barn. A horrible tragedy occurred on the night of May 10. A young man named Frank McLaughlin was shot and instantly killed on West Fifth street, by a saloon keeper, Fred Bahl. Joseph J. Brown, a well-known citizen of Davenport, committed suicide, May 16, 1880. A cyclone passed over Scott County, June 5, creating terrible devastations. Property was destroyed to the amount of $70,000. Charles Arp, a son of Peter Arp, one of Scott County's prominent citizens, committed suicide June 16 by lying on the railroad track and letting a freight train pass over him, mangling him in a shocking manner. James Baraclough threw some gun- powder into the fire, an explosion followed instantly, and the bc'y James was severely burned, his face being literally blown to pieces, and one thumb blown off. The large barn of John Schro- ecker was completely demolished by fire at 12 o'clock, on the night of Kov. 29; the summer kitchen was also burned, total loss being $750. A ghastly affair occurred on the 30th of Novem- ber. A young man named Henry Wolhoeft, who had been la- boring under mental disorder for some time past, secured a butcher knife and started up stairs with it. His mother instantly missed the knife and followed him, begging him not to kill himself; she caught hold of his arm, but with a powerful wrench he threw her from him, and before she could reach him again he had inflicted a terrible cut on his throat, from the effects of which he died soon after. The most destructive fire that had occurred in Davenport for some time took place on the night of Aug. 15. The vine- gar works and paper warehouse, owned by Fay & Smith, on Front street, were almost completely destroyed by tire; total loss, $33,500. On F'riday, Aug. 2U, the planing-mill, sash, door and buildingshop 690 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. of Groves Bros, was consumed by fire; total loss, $8,600. Rev. Father George Bropby died in this city, at the advanced age of 105 years, on Oct. 16. A $4,500 fire occurred in Davenport Dec. 31, in the Davis Block. 1881. — A terrible cutting aflray occurred on the night of Jan. 28, 1881, which came near resulting in the death of one or two of the participants. A snow-storm visited Davenport on Feb. 11, and continued until Feb. 13. Kailroads were blocked, street-cars were stopped from running, and business generally suspended. About six miles below Buffalo liv'ed the family of Theodore Krause. On Monday, Feb. li, Mr. and Mrs. Krause drove up to Buffalo to purchase some supplies, leaving their four children in chai'ge of things at home, but expecting them to retnain at school until its close in the afternoon. But the youngest child, Minnie, went home at noon for some purpose. About half-past one o'clock a neighbor, in driving past the place, observed a couple of hogs pulling something about the yard, while a strong odor of burned flesh filled the air, and, running in, was horrified to find the child Minnie on the ground, her clothing having been nearly burned off, and her body and arms and head appeared roasted and blackened, while her legs had been torn by the hogs. She died from the effects of her injuries. Evidently she had been trying to re-kindle the fire in the stove, and her clothing had been caught by the flames, and she ran into the yard and threw herself in the snow to extinguish the flames, and while thus prostrate had been attacked bj- the hogs. A horrible accident occurred at "Waleott, Feb. 28. A laborer named Samuel Cummings was shoi^eling snow off the railroad track, when a freight train from the West came along, puslied by the engine of the construction train. He was struck and fell back, then rolled down npon the track, caught and dragged some dis- tance. The train was stopped, but before help could reach him he was dead. Capt. A. H. Davenport died at his home in Le Claire on Sunday afternoon, Marcli 27. The old planing-mill at the cor- ner of Third and Farnam streets was burned 7\.pril 26; total loss, $3,900. David Le Claire, the oldest settler left in Davenport after the death af Mrs. Marguerite Le Claire, died at his residence in West Davenport, May 13. On the morning of July 2, while preparations were going on for the celebration of the Fourth, with crowds from the country and neighboring towns thronging the streets, bent on amusement, came HISTORY OF SCOTl' COUNTY. 691 news which thrilled the city as was never the case but once, and that was when the great Lincoln was murdered. It was about 9:30 o'clock when the first telegram came, "President Garfield was shot twice at the B. & O. depot at Washington." News came shortly after that the wound was not fatal, and people took hope. The name of the cowardly assassin was Charles J. Guiteau. Capt. Eobert Melville died at his home in this city, July 21. On the morning of July 29, ISSl, Thomas Greene, of Tamaco, who was in this city under medical treatment, received a sun stroke) which caused him the loss of his sense of speech. Two boys, Eugene and Fritz Ivers, were drowned while in bathing near Paige, Dixon A: Co.'s mill, on Friday, Aug. 12. Mr. R. F. Paige, of the firm of Paige, Dixon & Co. died at his home in this city, Sept. 1, from heart disease. "William Schlimmc, a farmer, four miles north- west of Davenport, committed suicide by taking a dose of carbolic acid, on Monday, Oct. 10. Mrs. Doretha Litz, committed suicide in Davenport on the 12th of October, by ium])ing into a well, while in a temporary fit of insanity. A terrible steamboat disaster occurred in front of the city of Davenport, on Thursday ui^it, Oct. 27. The "Jennie Gilchrist" alter passing through the bridge;[and moving up the channel a short distance became helpless to move, and began floating back toward the bridge. She struck the bridge between piers Nos. 2 and 3. Instantly her steam-pipes jiarted, and there was a terrific crash like an explosion. The disaster was caused by the breaking of a pitman cam. Eight lives were lost) and cargo to the value of $2,000. Joseph Quick was killed by the accidental discharge of a gun in Winfield township, on Sunday, Oct. 30. J. B. Xebergal, an old and prominent farmer in Blue Grass township, committed suicide by hanging himself, on Mon- day, Dec. 26. CHAPTER XIX. MISCELLANEOUS. TEMPEEANCE. The cause of temperance is one that has always enlisted the ser- vices of the moral and benevolent earth. As far back as the his- tory ot the world can be traced, intemperance has existed. Laws have been promulgated against it, warnings have been given over and over again, and yet man will continue to use the intoxicating cup, notwithstanding Solomon, tlie wise man, has said, "Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth the color in the cup, for at last it biteth like a serpent and stingeth like an adder," and a greater than Solomon has added, "That no drunkard can inherit the kingdom of heaven." In the lirst half of the present century but few large distilleries existed, while now every neighborhood must have its "still." A new settlement was no sooner formed than an enterprising indi- vidual would erect his still, and commence the manufacture of whisky, pure and unadulterated. The surplus corn of the country could be used in no other way; at least such was thought to be the case. Every merchant advertised whisky as one of the specialties of his store. The whisky-jug was thought to be an indispensable help in the harvest field, or at house-raisings, log-rollings and corn- hiiskings ; nor was the decanter, with its exhilarating contents, genei-ally wanting at social gatherings. Liquor bought by the gallon, and even by the barrel, was kept in the house for daily use. Before partaking of breakfast the glass was passed around and par- taken of, to give an appetite, and in the evening was used as a "night-cap" before going to bed. When bittered by some herb or drug it was used as a sovereign remedy for some of the ailments flesh is heir to, and often as a preventive. Whisky was generally considered necessary at every house-raising. It must be borne in mind by the reader that in the early day the houses built were invariably of hewn round logs, and it required the assistance of a large number of men to erect one. The necessity (692) rasTORY OF scorr countt. 693 of having a supply of whisky at these raisings often put the pioneer to considerable inconvenience, aiul occasionally delayed the raising a much longer time than desired. Wliile temperance largely exists, it is evident that it has gieatly decreased within the past generation. According to population there are not as many drunkards, nor is there as much liquor con- sumed as a third or half a century ago. This leads to the fuitlicr declaration tliat can well be sustained, tliat the efforts put fortli by the temperance people in times past liave not proven a failure. That organizations have flourished for a time and then ceased to exist proves nothing. These organ izat ions were but iiuman instrumentali- ties brought forth bythe necessities of thehour,theirdesignbiingto accomplish a certain purpose then apparent. It is not to be expected that they will be as enduring as the hills, or so strong that "the gates of hell shall not prevail against them." If they accomplish a good work for the time, well and good. If it be found that ihere is a radical defect in their organizations necessitating a change, let it be made, and let it not be imagined because they are defective and have not accomplished all the good their most sanguine sup- porters anticipated, that nothing has been done. All over ihe counti-y can be found sober, honest ami good men, who, but f u- the eflort put forth by the members of some temperance organization that had ceased to exist, would now fill a drunkard's grave. Notwithstanding whisky is thought to be a preventive for n^ ai ly every disease, it has been proven by actual stati-tics to be a source of disease, the habitual drinker being more liable to attack from various diseases than the total abstainer. Especially has this been proven to be the case in diseases of an epidemic natuie, such as cholera. THE WASIIINGTONIANS. In the winter of 1840-41, in the city of Baltimore, a.society orig- inated having for its object the ])revention of intemperance and the reformation of those who had become slaves to the intoxicating cup. This organization adopted the name of Washington Society, so named in honor of the Father of his countr}- — George Washing- ton. Those connected with tlie society became known as Wash- ingtonians. The pledge adopted was a simple one, as follows: The undersigned, being desirous of carrying out the principles of temperance, do pledge our honor that we will abstain from all in- toxicating drinks. 694r HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. The movement early began to be agitated in Davenport and throughont the county. Many who had been accustomed to par- take freely of the intoxicating cup became radical and zealous workers in the temperance cause. The Gazette, under date Jan. 13, 1842, has the following to say of the movement: "Almost every newspaper that we receive has something to say of the progress of temperance, in the respective towns of their pub- lication. Shall we not say something of our own village ? For the honor then of our town, and we trust our friends in the distance will notice it to induce moral immigration, Davenport contains no coffee-houses. 'Putin your paper,' observed a stranger to us, a passenger on the most recent boat detained at our wharf, ' put in your paper, sir, as one ot the most favorable items connected with your beautiful town, that one of our passengers traversed it all over in search of liquor, but could not obtain a drop.' We com- ply with his injunctions." For several years the temperance cause flourished. The Gazette for Jan. 29, 1846, said: "Cold water is 'all the go here.' A red-nosed, blear-eyed, swell- head, tremulous, tipsy son of Bacchus would be something of a curiosity at this place. We once had such among us, but they are now the most bitter opponents that old red-eye has to contend with. A few stout cold-water men rigged up a team and went down to Blue Grass one night last week to stir up our farmer friends. They came back highly elated with their success; 28 raw hands had enlisted under the pure white banner of Temperance." SONS OF TEMPERANCE. After the Washingtonians came the Sons of Temperance, an or ganization having for its motto, "Love, Purity, and Fidelity." The " Sons" were composed of males above the age of IS, and held their meetings in secret, believing that they could more fully carry out the obiect of the order. To enable the wives and daughters of members to engage in the good work, the "Daughters of Tem- perance" were organized; and for the benefit of males between the age of 14 and 18, the ''Cadets of Temperance" were organized. Thus every member in the family were secured as workers in the good cause. The " Sons" formed their first division in this county in 1S4S, and for manv years were in a flourishing con- dition. HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 695 TEMPLE OF HONOR. Almost contemporaneous with the Sons of Temperance was the Temple of Honor, which combined the principles of temperance with tiie benevolent features of such organizations as the Masons and Odd Fellows. Every person desiring to become a member of the order had to be proposed for membership and was required to be of the requisite age and in good health. A fair degree of suc- cess attended this order. GOOD TEMPLARS. The Independent Order of Good Templars originated in 1851, and was the outgrowth of a desire to unite all the members of a family in one order, and with the laudable object of " saving the fallen and preventing others from falling." The first lodge of Good Templars, in this county, was instituted about the year 1855, since which time the order here has had seasons of prosperity and seasons of adversity. Like ail other human organizations, its members at times are enthusiastic, and work together in harmonj', and success therefore attends their every movement. Again, di- visions occur; the members refuse to co-operate with one another, and the order takes a backward stride. DARK DEEDS. The following embraces a few of the " dark deeds" committed in Scott County. The list is not long, but long enough. It speaks well for the county that it is no worse. On Monday morning. May 15, 1854, the body of a German was found lying in the middle of Fourth street, stabbed to the heart. On evidence at the inquest, it was tound that he passed Sunday evening at a dance house and n saloon in the lower part of the city. About one o'clock Sunday morning a fight occurred at the house, and shortly afterward the man left in company with a woman for Rock Island. The woman testified that two men fol- lowed them until the}' reached Fourth street, when one of them dropped behind, and the other came up and struck her companion with something in a handkerchief. The blow was repeated, and the man shrieked and fell. The man when discovered was found to have been stabbed between the third and fourth ribs, through one lobe of the lung and penetrating the heart. 696 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. On Sunday niglit, Oct. S, 1854, as Thomas Pritchard was lean- ing against the railing in the dance-honse in the lower part of the city, Charles Beener, a negro, knocked him down and then seized and brutally dragged him down the steps and twice plunged a large knife into his breast, either one of which would have caused his death. Beener and two accomplices were arrested. On Sunday night, Oct. 23, 1859, Henry Stoddard together with some others were making a noise in Wiedeman's saloon, and refusing to be quiet when requested, Mr. Wiedeman took him and another young man by the collar and shoved them toward the door. As he was putting them out, Stoddard drew his bowie- knife and inflicted two very dangerous wounds upon the person of William Herrig, and a slight flesh-cut upon Charley Deitmire. Before Stoddard could be arrested he made good his escape. Herrig died of his wounds Oct. 29. The citizens in the vicinity of Warren and Second streets, in the city of Davenport, were horritied on the night of Aug. 21, 1870, by hearing that a German woman named Koenig, who had but a short time before come to this country from Schleswig-IIolstein, had murdered her two children and then killed herself. On hasten- ing to the spot it was found that the report was too true, for, lying upon the bed in the cold embraces of death, were the bodies of a little boy and girl, the latter four years and the former only two j-ears of age. A visit to the yard dis- covered another horror, for there, in a well of not more than three feet in diameter, some 18 feet deep, and containing but about two feet of water, lay the body of the unfortunate mother whose rash hand, under the pressure of impending poverty, had committed the rash act, and hurried herself and innocent children into the presence of God. The body of the poor demented creature was taken from the well, where it had been drowned in a kneeling position, with the face buried in the water. Tiie following state- ment by the husband was received before the coroner's jury, which was composed of Messrs. Tichenor, Charles Echardt and Jacob Grobe: He had been up town Saturday evening, and returned home about 10 P. M. ; found the light out, and supposed his wife and children had gone to bed. He struck a match and lighted a candle, and saw upon the floor his two children lying dead. He picked them up and laid them upon the bed. He then apssed into the yard and saw his wife sitting by the well. He went to her, and she told him she had drowned the children in a HISTOKT OF SCOTT COtTNTT. 699 bucket of water in tlie house, and intended to drown herself, as she had no desire to live; she was discourani'. falo, where, in embarking upon a transport that was bound to some point near Chicago, they took upon board a man who was lying in thesnti upon the wharf sick with the cholera, of course not knowing the nature of the disease. A few daj's after, the disease broke out among the closely packed troops and raged with great virulence) many dying with it. The decimated force landed near Chicago and wintered there, thence moving down as far as the present city of Dixon, in the spring of 1832. Gen. Atkinson, then in command, sent their baggage down Rock River in boats under charge of his Rangers, and landed it at Big Island, near the present village of Milan, where it was left subject to the purification of the elements. The Rangers came around up the Mississippi and went into quarters on the present Democrat farm. Soon after one of them was taken sick, and no one knowing what ailed him, he was taken to the hos- pital on the island. The surgeons at this post were not familiar with the disease — in fact know not what it was. The hospital was situated near the bakery, and soon the contagion spread among the bakers, and spread into the camp. Nothing could be done to stay the ravages of the scourge, and 100 were soon dead out of a garrison of -too. The garrison was then divided. One detachment was posted on the site of the present Democrat farm; another at the present Watkin's place, a mile farther up the river. This selection of camps was in order to enjoy the wholesome water of the copious springs at each of those places. The third division went into quarters on the Illinois side, on the ground afterward occupied as a residence by P. L. Cable. The fort being abandoned the garrison scattered into healthful places, the scourage subsided, not a death afterward oc- curring. FERRIES. The Mississippi River was no slight obstruction to travel in the early day, and immigrants from the east would endeavor to steer their course so as to make sume point where there was a good ferry . established which charged reasonable prices for ferriage. The first public ferry between Warsaw on the south, and Prairie du Chien on the north, a distance of 500 miles, was established by Col. George Davenport in 1825, and full crews employed both at the "slough" and the main channel, for the original ferry led across the island and not below it. The slough ferry touched the Illinois shore 706 HISTORY OF SOOTT COUNTY. near where the passenger depot of the Chicago, Rock Ishmd & Pacific Railroad now stands. The island landing on the main chan- nel was just in front of the Davenport mansion, while on the Iowa shore there were two — an arriving and departing landing. The rapids' current was strong, and the boats, ordinarily propelled by oar and hehn, were naturally carried well down stream in cross- ing. The first landing was at a point where Renwick's mill was subsequently built, and from this point, having first discharged its freight, the boat was polled u]) along the shore to a puint at the foot of Mississippi avenue, from which it returned to the island landing. It was seldom, indeed, that there was any return trade. The crew consisted of two oarsmen and a man at the hehn, and for putting a man and horse across was $1.25, or a two-horse team for $2.00; single passengers in a skiff, '26 cents. Captain Benjamin W. Clark established a ferry at Bufi'alo while he lived at Andalusia, before lie moved across the river. For many years this was the most noted ferry between Burlington and Du- buque. Antoine Le Claire in 1834 started his ferry below the isl- aml, and Davenport boats and crews retired from the business. Le Claire opened out with fiat-boats. His first captain was L. S. Colton. After three years' service Mr. Le Claire sold out his fran- chise and boats to John Wilson for $1,000, and i-etii-ed from the business. Mr. "Wilson was a man of enterpi'ise, and improved his line by building new boats and transacting his business in a systematic manner. He made commutation rates with Rock River ferry, at the mouth of Green River, whereby one fare paid way over both ferries, which arrangement being well advertised, greatly increased his business and brought to Scott County many parties seeking homes, who otherwise would not have come. In the Iowa Sun, of Aug. 4, 1838, it was announced that Mr. Wilson had a steam ferry upon the stocks which he would put upon the water in due time. For some unaccountable reason the boat was not finished until 1S42, but when it did appear it was found to be in advance of the times, and was taken ofi to re-appear no more until 1852. It was, however, the first steam ferry on the river above St. Louis. In 18-1:2 there were 12 ferries chartered. Every town along the river, or site where a town was to be in the future, had its ferry. Benjamin W. Clark had a ferry at Buftalo, which still exists. In the spring of 1838 Benjamin W. Clark was licensed to run a ferry HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 707 at Buff'alo; John II. Sullivan and Adrian H. Davenport at Roek- ingliam, and Marniaduke S. Davenport at Credit Island. These ferries may have been in operation before this time, but this is their first public record. The Buffalo ferry is the only survivor of the three. In the spring of 1839 Joseph and Mathias Mounts were char- tered ferrymen just below Buffalo. Avery Thomas started a flat ferry-boat at Pinnoo's Landing, now Princeton. Benj. Doolittlewas also chartered for the Wapsipiiiecon, near its mouth. These were all flat-boats. The Princeton ferry is now run by steam. In IS-iO Gilbert Marshall was licensed to ferry the Wapsipine- con at Point Pleasant, and this became the property of J. W. Kertly in 1842, and afterward that ut'Judge Grant. In 1842 Lucian AYells started a ferry at Pleasant Yalley. and Parkhurst, now Le Claire, was honored near the same time. At the May, 1838, term of the County Commissioners' Court, held at Rockingham, the following was adopted as the schedule for licenses: Davenport, $20; Buffalo, $10; Rockingham, $8; all the rest at $5 per annum. The following rates were also allowed for the Mississippi ferriage: Footman 18|. Man and horse 50. One vehicle and driver 75. Two-horse vehicle and driver 100. Each additional horse or mule 18|. Neat cattle, per head 12^. Sheep or hogs 05. Freight, per hundred 06^. The Wapsipinecon tariff was 33 per cent, oft the Mississippi rates. The commissioners also entered on their records the following order: " Ordered^ That each keeper give due attendance at all times, from sunrise until 8 P. M., but shall be allowed double rates of ferriage after sunset." Among the improvements instituted by Mr. Wilson was the " ferry alarm.'' Says a local writer: " In very primitive times, in order to arouse the ferryman on the opposite shore, benighted Stephensonites, who had been over here [in Davenport] to attend evening service and overstaid their time, or zealous Davenporters, who after dark had occasion to visit Stephenson in the missionary cause, had to raise the ' war-whoop.' In order to discourage relics of barbarism. Mr "Wilson introduced T08 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. the ferry triangle, an ungainly piece of triangular steel, which, when vigorously pounded with a club, sent forth from its gallows- tree a most wretched clanging noise. But it brought the skiff though it waked the whole town. That triangle was immortalized by Davenport's local bard — the same who is now broiling beneath a torrid sun in a far off consulate. In an inspired moment he ground out an epic, or a lyric, or a something, in seven stanzas, and from seven to 17 poetic feet. We would re]>roduce it if we were quite certain our i-eaders were all prepared to die." On the death of John Wilson, the ferry fell into tlie hands of his son-in-law, Judge Spencer, and Thomas J. Robinson, then associ- ate jiidge, and in 1854 another judge, James Grant, of Daven- port, was added, and the firm changed from J. W. Spencer & Co. to Spencer, Kobinson & Co. Judge Grant retired in 1862, but the firm name remained the same. John W. Spencer was one of the early pioneers of Illmois, arriving in Green County, from Ver- gennes, Vt., behind a lot of cows and young cattle, which he drove out for Isaac Hawley, who subsequently became a citizen of Scott County. Thomas J. Robinson came out in 1837 to Greene Co., 111., from Maine, his whole worldh' wealth consisting of two dollars. He taught school several years, and was county clerk several years. In 1817 he came to R(jck Island Co., 111., and for two years engaged ill farming. He then engaged in merchandising and milling three or four years at Port Byron, and from 1853 to 1868 was the Captain to be seen, almost without a day's absence, upon the deck of his active and prosperous steamer, ever active, pleasant and accommodating, minding his own business and mind- ing it well. The " John Wilson " was the first permanent steam ferry-boat introduced between Davenport and Rock Island. The "Daven- port" came out in 1855 and ran in connection with the *' Wilson" in those busy transfer times of 1855 and 1856, before the completion of the railroad bridge. In 1857 the " Rock Island," the present feny, came into service, and the "Wilson" was sold to the Fulton and Lyons trade, and when the war broke out the "Davenport" went into the Government transport business, and in time went where the good steamers go. The only competition the firm of Spencer, Robinson & Co. ever had was in 1851— '55, when Judge Mitchell and C. S. Whisler, hav- ing obtained a 1<> years' charter from Iowa, put a boat of their own HISTUKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 709 upon tlie line. In the winter of 1854— '55, they made an effort to get ii charter from the Illinois Legislature but failed. Having author- ity to earrv but one way, the business was unprofitable, but keeping up a bold front, tliey sold out their Iowa franchise in 1855 to Spen- cer, Robinson it Co., for $2,000, and afterwai'd sold their boat to an irresponsible party and never got a cent for it. S})encer, Robinson & Co. amassed a handsome fortune from the ferry. Their best years were 1855 and 185*5, but the business con- tinued good until the Government built the magnificent bridge across the river and threw it open to everybody free of charge. Under this arrangement the boat barely paid expenses, and a valuble source of revenue has been lost. But it can in truth be said the old ferry served its owners and the public well. THE WEATHEE. The winter of ISi^-'S is one long to be remembered. In an- swer to a letter Prof. T. S. Parvin, of Iowa City, writes the editor of this work as follows: I have examined my Meteorological Records of 1812-'3, and ex- tract theretrom the following items: The record was made at Mus- catine, six miles south, and 30 miles by the river west, so that there is no material difference between the two jilaces. 18i2. — Nov. 18, temperature 4 - , ice running in the Mississippi River. 26th, river closed. Good sleighing from this date. Dec. 19, temperature, 21° below zero, lowest of the winter. Coldest day 22 ° , temperature, six ° . 1843. — April 1, good sleighing' continued and uninterrupted from Nov. 26, a period of 126 days, or four months. April 8, river opened, having been closed a period of 134 days, or four and one half months, the longest period known in the history of the coun- try, the average time for 40 years being two months. Coldest day, Feb. 6, six ° , and the lowest temperature 19 = below zero. 1842. Nov. Mean Temp. 30.30 = Dec. .Jan. Max. " G0 = Min. '• - -11 = Mean " 21.00 = Max. (( 48 = Min. 1843. -21 = Moan Temp. 24.90 = Max. '• 50 = Jan. Min. Temp. —15 = Feb. Mean " 13.30 = l> Max. " 45 = " Min. " —19 = March. Mean " 15.51 = " Max. " 38 = " Min. " -15 = April. Mean " 47.70 = " Max. '• 78 = u Min. " 16 = 710 HISTORY OF SCOTT COTTNTT. The winter of 18J:2-'J:3 was the longest, not coldest, winter, known to the old settlers. We have had other winters witli a lower mean temperature and with lower temperature, (as low as 30 ° below zero), lower daily temperature and more daj's of extremely low temperature, but none of such long continuance as that famous winter of cold, prolonged cold, of ice and snow, through a longer period than ever before or since. The following are the dates of closing and opening of the river at Le Claire from the winter of 1S41 to the present time : NO. D.4YS NO DATS WINTKR. CLOSED. OPENED. CLOSED. WINTER. CLOSBD. OPENED. CLOSED. 1841-'2 Dec. 27 March 1 67 1862-'3 Did not close so as to prevent 1843- '3 Nov. 7 April 10 147 boats runniu g but "two or three 1843-'4 Jan. 27 Feb. 27 30 days. 1844-'5 Feb. 4 Feb. 19 15 1863-'4 Dec. 18 March 3 75 1845-'6 Nov. 30 Jan. 24 59 1864-'5 Dec. 8 Marcli 7* 89 1846-'7 Jan. 8 March 15 66 1865--6 Dec. 12 March 24 103 1847-'8 Jan. 19 Feb. 17 29 1866-'7 Dee. 27 April 5 99 1848-'9 Dec, 20 March 21 93 1867-'8 Dec. 14 March 11 88 1849-'50 Did not close and ferry- 1868-'9 Dec. 8 Feb. 15 69 boats were scarcely inter 1870-'l Dec. 22 March 30 99 rupted. 1871-'2 Nov. 28 March 39 128 1851-'2 Dec. 6 March 5 89 1872-'3 Nov. 17 March 14 116 1852-'3 Dec. 4 March 9 95 1873-'4 Dec. 21 March 8 86 1853-'4 Dec. 23 March I 68 1874-'5 Nov. 39 March 30 121 185i-'.5 Jan. 21 March 10 48 1875-'6 Nov. 24 Feb. 26 94 1855-'6 Dec. 24 March 29 96 1876-'7 Dec. 1 Feb. 19 80 1856-'7 Dec. March 25 109 1877-'8 Nov. 30 Feb. 16 77 1857-'8 Closed about one week. 1878-'9 Dec. 10 Jlarch 9 88 ISSS-tl Did not close 1879-'80 Dec. 13 Feb. 15 64 l8.59-'60 Dec. 20 March 29 101 1880-'l Nov. 18 April 13 147 1860-'l Dec. 22 March 2 70 1881-'2 Jan. 14 Feb. 10 27 1861-'2 Dec. 3 Marcli 29 117 The past week has been marked by very undecided weather. It was cold, warm and pleasant; snowed, hailed and rained; froze, thawed and froze again; calm, blustering and mild; in brief, as a Yankee would say, we have had " considerable weather," — enough, however, to suit the most fastidious taste, if properly propor- tioned.— ^ase«e, Dec. 23, 1841. We have heard it frequently observed by old residenters, tliat the climate of this winter is tiie most changeable they have ever experienced in Iowa. — Gazette, Jan. 13, 1842. *Ice ran out and steamer " Hawkeye " arrived the same evening. HISTORY OF SCO'lT COUNTY. 711 Our weather for several days has been remarkabi}- warm, more appropriate to the month of April than that of January. — Gazette^ Jan. 20, 1842. It is said tliat we are further north than the more southern States. Well, we do not intend to dispute the fact, but we do think that vegetation is more advanced here now, at this present writing, than we have known it in the southern portion of Oliio on the 27th of April. Many vegetables raised in the gardens, growing from the seed, are advanced enough to be edible. We had radishes on our table nearly a week since, some of which were almost an inch in diameter. Flowers, there is no end of them; our prairies are carpeted with a variegated hue, richer than ever looms of Lydia wove. — Gazette^ April 28, 1842. The weather continues cold, with the mercury from six to eight degrees below zero. The ice in the river is more compact and firm than it has been this winter, and presents no sign of breaking up. The past winter is admitted by the "oldest settler " to have been the coldest within their remembrance. Our weather is as fickle as fortune. Alternately it smiles and frowns upon us till fatigued we, for once, sigh for sameness. If we were not right sure the clerk of the weather, like our Legislat- ure imitating Congress, would disregard a petition, we would get numerous signers for cold weather. But heighol " Whatever is, is riglit," says Pope, and repeat we, so ''no more of that an' thou lovest me." — Gazette^ Jan. 18, 1844. Our river closed up on last Saturday night, but the ice again broke loose for a short time on Monday. At this time it continues closed, but impassable. Last Sunday was the coldest day we have experienced this winter; mercuiy five degrees below zero. — Gazette, Thursday, Feb. 1, 1S44. For a fortnight past, with the exception of one or two rainy days, we have had the most delightful weather ever experienced at this season in this climate. Geese are continually passing over, north- ward bound, while the bluebird carols his sweet notes from tlie forest trees in token of the return of spring. In many sections of the country it has redeemed wheat supposed to have been killed by the unfavorableness of the early part of tiie winter. — Gazette^ Feb. 24, 1844. The Mississippi has been rising gradually for the past 10 or 12 days, until it is now higher than it has been since 1S2S. We appre- hend there will be considerable damage done from the rise. The river 712 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. at present presents a beautiful sight, and well may it be termed the " Fatiier ofWaters," deluging as it does the bottoms and islands. It must be a mile and a quarter wide in front of our town. — Ga- zette, April 25, 184-1. After almost incessant rains for two and a half months, about the first of this month, the clouds dispersed, and since that time we have had fine harvest weather. — Gazette, July 17, 1844. Last Tuesday night another storm passed over this place and vicinity, prostrating many of the shade trees which adorn our streets, leveling corn fields and doing much other injur3'. Such a succes- sion of heavy rains and destructive storms have never before been known in this portion of the West. — Gazette, Aug. 1, 1844. After a series of weeks of weather so delightful as almost to de- ceive vegetation into the idea of early spring, winter has com- menced with that sure criterion of continuance — a river full of moving ice. For three months to come we must expect to inhale the invigoration of a cool, bracing atmosphere. ^6^a2e^!!e, Nov. 28, 1844. The river is now closed at this place for the first time this sea- son. The ice stopped running Tuesday, 4th instant. The season thus far has been been remarkably vaW^.— Gazette, Feb. 6, 1845. The Mississippi at this place closed on Sunday, the 30th of No- vember. On Monday men crossed on the ice and on Tuesday with teams. After many days of the most delightful fall weather, win- ter has fairly and coldly commenced. Sunday morning last the mercury stood 14 degrees below zero. — Gazette, Dec. 4, 1845. After about si.x weeks of spring weather, winter has again thrown its snowy mantle over the earth, blocked up the river, and made the cheerful fireside the most comfortable location. — Gazette, Feb. 26, 1846. Yesterday morning was the coldest experienced this winter, the mercury ranging from 18 to 20 degrees below zero. — Gazette, Jan. 11, 1849. The river froze over in December and remained closed until March 14, 1849. Last Monday was the coldest day of the season, the mercury ranging from eight to 10 degrees below zero. The river has closed above us, but there is still a narrow channel open. At present there is the gloomy prospect before us of a thaw. — Gazette, Dec. 20, 1849. UISTOEY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 713 Christmas day (IS51) was peculiarly disagreeable. The thermom- eter showed 26 degrees at sunrise, then came a li^ht snow and the mercury dropped down to 16 degrees and the wind blew chilly. Next morning the mercury stood at 4 degrees, and the people from the countr}' say the wind blew a hurricane, and ricks of grain and stocks of hay were scattered in all directions. The average temperature of Davenport, 1850, was KU degrees, and of December, 1851, 16f degrees. The maximum, or highest temperature attained in 1850 was 26 degrees; in 1851, 48 degrees. The minimum, or lowes point to which the mercury sunk in 1850, was 2 degrees below zero; in 1851 it sunk to 20 degrees below zero. Range of the thermom . eter in December, 1850, 28 degrees; in December, 1851, 68 de- grees. — Gazette, Jan. 1, 1852. Last Monday morning (Jan. 19), with the exception of the morning of Feb. 1, 1840, was the coldest weather experi- enced here for 25 years, and how much longer " the mind of man runneth not to the contrary," as we can find no older inhabitant. During the winter of 1842-3, the mercury sunk 26 de- grees below zero. On Monday morning it stood 27 degrees below zero. In 1840 it was 28 degrees below, and for 13 years previous the lowest the soldiers on the island knew it was 25 degrees below zero. Such was its severity that Mr. Le Claire had a young horse frozen to death which was running at large upon the island. Last Sunday morning the mercury stood at 5 degrees below zero; at 2 F, M., 4 degrees below; at 5 P.M., 10 degrees below, and at 9. P. M., 16 degrees below. On Monday morning it was 27 degrees be- low; at 12 M., 9 degrees below, and at 9 P.M., 13 degrees below zero. A change occurred during the night and the next morning it had risen to 6 degrees above zero. — Gazette, Jan. 22, 1852. Sunday night, Nov. 21, we had an old-fashioned Eastern storm that brought with it snow which drifted until, while some places were bare, less exposed ones were piled up to a depth of three or four iect.— Gazette, Nov. 25, 1852. We have had quite a medley of weather the past week. From the 9th to the 12th inclusive was the winding up of several weeks of wretched weather. During those days it tried desperately to snow, but couldn't effect it. The 13th, 14th and 15th were delight- ful days, cold, bright and bracing. On Monday, the 13th, the ther- mometer stood 5 degrees below zero, and 18 degrees below zero on the \5th.— Gazette, Dec. 16, 1852. 714 HISTORY OF sccrr county. Last Sunday, the 24:th, we bad a regular old-fashioned snow- storm for the space of half an hour; bigger flakes fell than we remember to have seen all last winter. — Gazette, April 28, 1853. The month of January was one of more steady cold weather than ever before exjierienced in this latitude. The mercury fell below zero five times and three times reached zero. The mini- mum of the month was 1(5 degrees below zero, and the maximum 36 degrees above. — Gazette, Jan. 31, 1851:. The winter months have passed away and March is upon us. We have had the most remarkable and pleasant winter we remember to have experienced in this or or any other locality. On Thursday afternoon, July 20, 1854, a heavj' storm of wind passed over Davenport, raging for about one hour. On every side were scattered branches of beautiful shade-trees, while here and there one lay broken oiF at the trunk. The Le Claire foundry was unroofed and partly blown down, the bricks and timber falling on Wm. Overton and his son Edward, the former receiving injuries from which he died in about one hour. A three-story brick build- ing just finished and occupied by Mr. Wickersham as a tinware and stove store, was leveled to the ground, burying six persons in its ruins, none of whom, however, were killed. Mr. Wickersham's loss was $10,000. Other buildings were unroofed, chimneys blown down, and much damage caused. Our winter thus far has been remarkable for its mild, dry tem- perature and its general healthiness. Since the 13th of December the mercury has not been down lower than 11 degrees Fahrenheit, and during that time has averaged 21 degrees at daylight. Yes- terday was one of the most remarkable days we have ever witnessed, and the most disagreeable of the season. As day dawned every branch, twig and dried leaf were hoar with frost, and as the shades of evening closed around us the same scene was presented. Old Sol's rays had not the subtlety to penetrate the thick fog that draped in dense folds Mother Earth. — Gazette, Jan. 9, 1851. On Tuesday morning of last week the mercury, in continuation of the many warm days we had experienced, stood at 30 degrees. A change came over its spirit and the next morning it had sunk to 6 degrees below zero. The succeeding morning it stood 16 degrees below zero, being the coldest day experienced in this place (as showed by the same thermometer hung in the same location) for five years. — Gazette, Feb. 6, 1851. ,^^ //{^aAA.cyi,cZT^ CHAPTER XX. CITY OF DAVENPORT. Fifty years ago, at the close of tlie Black Hawk war, Gen. Scott, assisted by some of his principal officers, in consequence of cholera upon the island, met with representatives of the Sac and Fox tribes of Indians, upon the site of the present city of Davenport, for the purpose of making a treaty with them. By that treaty a section of land was reserved, and by the Indians given to Antoine Le Claire. That reserve now comprises a portion of Davenport. The location of the city is a beautiful one, and the early travelers up and down the Mississippi often stopped to admire it. Long before the country was settled it attracted public attention, and the scenery in and around what now constitutes the city is thus de- scribed by a traveler: "At the foot of the Upper Kapids is one of the most picturesque scenes that we recollect to have beheld. On the western side, a series of slopes are seen rising one above an- other for a considerable distance, until the background is terminated by a chain of beautifully rounded hills, over the whole of which trees are thinly scattered. On the other side of the river is a broad flat plain of rich alluvion, several miles in length, and more than a mile in breadth, and terminated by a range of wooded hills. On this prairie is a small village of the Sac and Fox Indians, composed of rude lodges, scattered carelessly about. In the front of the land- scape, and presenting its most prominent feature, is Rock Island, the western shore of which is washed by the main current of the Mississippi, while the eastern side is separated from the main land by a narrow channel, which is fordable at low water. The southern point of the island is elevated about 40 feet above the ordinary level of the river, and is supported by a perpendicular parapet of rock. Here stands Fort Armstrong, a strong and very neat work, garrisoned by two companies of United States troops ; and here will be one of the most desirable sites for a town on the Upper Mississippi. Rock River, which enters the Alississippi a few miles below the island, is a rapid stream, which may be easily rendered navigable, and which aflbrds abundant water-power for the propul- sion of any kind of machinery. The whole of this region is fruit- ful, heathful, and agreeable to the eye." George B. Sargent, in a little work entitled " Notes on Iowa," published in 1848, in copying the foregoing adds: " It is interesting to mark the changes that have taken place since the above de- scription was wiitten. On the western side, with the beautifully rounded hills in the background, now stands Davenport. On the 42 (717) 718 HISTORY OF SCOTT COtJNTr. other side, which was then occupied by the Sac and Fox village, is now the nourishing town of Rock Island, in Illinois. Fort Arm- strong is abandoned and in ruins. All along the banks of the river are seen the marks of civilization and improvement. But though the scenery has lost some of its wildness, it retains its original characteristic, and lias gained many pleasant features. The towns of Kock Island and Davenport, the old fort with its deserted block-houses, the Mississippi, winding gracefully above and below, Rock River branching oif through the woods, the forest-covered island, the high wooded bluffs, and the rich, green prairies of Illinois, form a picture, which, for beauty, variety and extent, can hardly be surpassed. Tiie healthfulness and beauty of the situation, together with the facilities for hunting and tishing in its neighborhood, have made the place the fashionable resort during the summer months of large numbers of people from St. Louis and other Southern cities. It has hitherto been more noted on this account than as a place of trade; but the business of the town is now rapidly on the increase. Tliere are several flourishing stores, and two large flouring mills have been erected during the past year, one of which is already in operation. Most of the houses are substantially built of brick. The hotel and court-house are large and handsome buildings." j^Iewhall, in ISil, thus writes in regard to Davenport: '•This town was laid out in 1835-'6, on a reserve belonging to Antoine Le Claire, Esij. It is the seat of justice for Scott County, and is situated nearly opposite to the lower end of Rock Island, on a handsome elevation, with a beautiful range of sloping hills in its rear. It is about 350 miles above St. Louis, by water, ^iO miles above Burlington, and 95 below Dubuque. The town of Stephen- son, on the opposite shore, with the glittering dome of its court- house, the mouth of Rock River a few miles below, the picturesque and antiquated fortifications on Rock Island, with its beautiful villa,* the charming residence of Le Claire, the magnificent hotel overlooking the white cottages of Davenport, and the adjacent vil- lage of Rockingham — all form a combination of picturesque beauty seldom if ever surpassed. I have approached this point from all its bearings, and whether viewed from river or blutf, it is like a beauteous picture varied in all its lights and shadts. I well re- member the first and lasting impression it produced upon my feelings; it was on a bright, sunny morning in August, in the year 1836; the sun was fast dispelling the glittering dews, and every drooping: flower was lifting its smiling crest; on the Iowa shore might be seen occasionally a gaily painted warrior of the Sacs and Fo.\es riding along the heights, his painted form partially exposed to view as his scarlet blanket waved to the breeze, his light feathers and gaudy trappings being in admirable contrast with the verdure- *The residence of Col. Gtorge Davenport. CITY OF DAVENPORT. 719 clad hills; then did I feel the utter incompetency to describe so beautiful a scene ; then could 1 have invoked the pencil of the painter, or the pen of the poet. "The distant reader may be skeptical concerning this hiwh- wrought description. At this I marvel not. The author is aware of the difficuitv of convej-inof entirely correct ideas of a region to those who have never traveled beyond the tiireshoid of home; especially in delineating this (in common parlance) land of the 'squatters;' as if, forsooth, the land of song, of Arcadian groves, and shady bowers, must needs be in sunny Italy, or classic Greece. "I will, however, add the corroborating testimony of one or two graphic writers, to convince the reader that nature here has been lavish of her beauties as well as her Ijounties. " 'The country around Rock Island is, in our opinion, the most charming that the eye ever beheld. Rack Island is, of itselt, one of the greatest natural beauties on the Mississippi. The ''old fort," Jiot to speak of its military association, is, in truth, an ob- ject on which tlie eye delights to dwell. The flourishing town of Stejihenson, upon the Illinois shore, adds greatly to the attractions of the scene; and Davenport, with its extended plains, its sloping lawns, and wooded bluffs, completesone of the most perfect pictures that ever delighted the eyes of man. The interior of the territory is rich, beautiful, and productive from end to end. Enterprising and industrious farmers may Hock in from all quarters, and find a rich reward for moderate toil. The interior is healthy, and every section of laud admits of easy cultivation.' " A correspondent of the New York Sta7\ a gentleman of much taste, writing from Rock Island, says: " 'There are some bright spots in this rude world which exceed our most sanguine expectations, and this is one of them. " ' In beauty of the surrounding scenery, both on the Upper Mis- sissijipi and the Crystal Rock, I have found imaged all the charms I had pictured in my youthful imagination wiiile reading a de- scription of the happy valley in Rasselas, but which I never ex- pected to see in the world of reality. The Father of Waters is a giant even here, 350 miles above St. Louis; it is estimated to be over a mile and a quarter wide, and is 100 miles below Dubuque, and about .500 miles below the head of navigation, at the Falls of St. Anthony.'" THE BEGINNING. The claim upon which the city of Davenport was first laid out was made in 1833, and was contended for by a Dr. Spencer and Mr. McCloud. The matter was finally settled by Antoine Le- Claire buying them both nut, giving them for tiie quarter section ^150. In 1835 Mr. Le Claire sold his " reserve" to a company which was formed for the purpose of purchasing and laying out a town site. The company thus formed was composed of Major "William Gordon, Antoine Le Claire, George Davenport, Major » 720 HISTORr OF SCOTT COUNTY. Thomas Smith, Alexander McGregor, Levi S. Coiton. Philip Hara- baugh, and Captain James May. In the spring of 1836 the site was surveyed and laid ont by Maj. Gordon, United States Survey- or, and one of the stockholders. The spot selected included the area bounded on the east by Harrison street, on the north by Sev- enth, west by Warren, and south by the river. It included -'56 blocks, and six half-blocks, the latter being the portions lying adjacent to Warren, on the west. The cost of the entire site was $2,000, or $250 per share, — a price which now would purchase but a very indifterent building lot in the least valued part of it. In May the lots were oifered at auction. A steamboat came np from St. Louis laden with passen- gers to attend the sale, and remained at the levee during its con- tinuance, in order to afford the conveniences of lodging, edibles, and the not less essential item of drinkables. The sale continued two days, but owing to the fact that the titles were simply such as were included in a squatter's claim, and purchasers fearful that such were not particularly good, only some 50 or 60 lots were sold, and these mostly to St Louis speculators. The lots brought from $300 to $600 each, a smaller sum than the proprietors cal- culated upon. The remaining portion of the site was then divided among tlie proprietors.* The immigration this year was but small, only some half-dozen families coming in. The tirst hotel or taverri was put up this year, and opened by Edward Powers, and is still standing on the corner of Front street and Ripley. It was put up by Messrs. Davenport and LeClaire, and was called " Davenport Hotel,"— in honor of tlie" city." The first saloon was also started this year by an old sea captain, John Litch. It was a log house, and stood on Front street. It was long a favorite resort for the politician and those who felt the ne- cessity of using a " little wine for the stomach's sake and their often infirmities." The captain did not always live up to the letter of the law, and the matter of license was probably contrary to his convictions of right, as he was on more than one occasion taken in hand by the Board of County Commissioners. In October, 1S36, James Mcintosh opened a small stock of goods in a log house, built by A. LeClaire, on the corner ofPiplej' and Third streets. In December following, D. C. Eldridge also opened a large stock of goods, and claims to be the first to keep a general assortment, with the intention of making it a business. In the fall of 1836 a son was born unto Levi S. Coiton, the first birth in the new village. The first female child born was a daugh- ter of D. C. Eldridge, in the spring of 1837. ♦DaveDport, Past and Present. . CITY OF DAVENPORT. 721 INCORPOKATION. Tlie town of Diivi'iipoi-t w:i.s iiicoriiorated by tlie Legislature in the winter of 1838- '9, and the tirst election for township officers was held April 1, 1839. Rodolphus Bennett was elected Mayor ; Frazer "Wilson, Recorder ; and Dr. A. C. Donaldson, D. C. Eldridge, John Forrest. Thomas Dillon and John Litch, Trus- tees. Tlie town council held its tirst meeting April :iO. James M. Bowling was a])p()inted Treasurer ; William Nichols, Street Com- missioner; and W. II. Patton, JMarshal. In 18-t3 a new charter was granted the town, which was used ■without amendment until 1850. when it was amended, and in 1851 repealed by the passage and adoption of a new city charter. This charter has bec-n amended from time to time to suit the conven- ience of the inhabitants, or to grant or take from it some ])rivilege. From 1889 to ]SS1 the following named have served in the ofifces, and for the time mentioned: LIST OF OFFICERS FROM TllF, DATIC i)F THK FIRST CHARTER TO TUE I'RESEXT TIME. 1839. — Mayor. Rodolphus Bennett; Recorder, Frazier "Wilson ; Treasurer, James M. Bowling; Marshal. George Colt. 1810. — Mayor. John II. TJiorington: Recorder. Frazier "V\'"ilson; Treasurer, James M. Bowling; Marshal, William B. "Watts. 18-11. — Mayor, Jonathan W. Parker ; RsK-ortler. .lohn Po])e ; Treasurer, James M. Bowling; ^Marshal, "U'illiam B. Watts. 1812.— Mayor, Ilarve}' Leonard; Recorder, J. W. Parker; Treas- urer, James M. Bowling; Marshal, Gilbert B. McKown. 1813. — (New charter granted.) — Mayor, James Thorington ; Clerk. Jonatiian "W. Parker; Treasurer. John D. Evans; Marshal, Jared N. Snow. 1814. — ilayor, James Tliorington; Clerk, Levi Davis; Treasurer, John D. Evans; Marshal, Jared X. Snow. 1S15. — Mayor, James Thorington; Clerk, John Pope; Treasurer, John D. Evans; Marshal, Samuel L>-ter. 1846. — Mayor, James Tliorington; Clerk. John Pope; Treasurer, John D. I-lvaiis; Marshal, Samuel Lyter. 1847.— Mayor, James il. Bowling; Clerk, James Tliorington; Treasurer. ; Jlarshai. John D. Evans. 1848. — Mayor, James M. Bowling ; Clerk, James Thorington ; Treasurer, John D. Evans; Marshal, Samuel Parker. 1849. — Mayor, Jonathan Parker; Clerk, James Thorington; Treasurer, John D. Evans; Marshal, Lockwood J. Center. 1850. — (Charter amended.) — Mayor, James Ilall; Clerk, James Thorington; Treasure!-, Joiin D. Evans; Marshal, L. J. Center. 1851.— (New charter.) — Mayor, Charles "Weston ; Clerk, A. F. Mast; Marshal, Patrick Courtney; Treasurer, L. B. Collamer 722 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Aldermen, First Ward, Adam Weigand, Harvey Leonard; Second Ward, Egbt. S. Barrows, Nathaniel Squires ; Third Ward, Eben- ezer Cook, Hiram Price. 1852.— Major, John Jordan; Clerk, A. F. Mast; Marshal, Samuel Parker ; Treasurer, William Van Tuyl ; Aldermen, First Ward, Harvey Leonard, Adam Weigand; Second Ward, Nathaniel Squires, John P. Cook; Tiiird Ward, Hiram Price. John Bechtel. 1853.— Mayor, Jolin A. Poyd ; Clerk, Eichard K. Allen ; Mar- shal, Samuel Parker; Treasurer, Jessamine Drake; Aldermen; First Ward, Adam AVeigand, John Weeks ; Second Ward, Jolm P. Cook, Joseph Kingerlee ; Third Ward, Hiram Price. William Gray. 1854. — Mayor, James Grant; Clerk, B. B.Woodward; Marshal, L. J. Center; Treasurer, L. B. Collamer; Aldermen, First Ward, H. Wilhelra, G. G. Arndt ; Second Ward, Clias. J. H. Eyser, E. A. (^erdtzen ; Tliird Ward, B. Atkinson, D. P. McKown \ Fourth Ward, Henry H. Smith, Ebenezer Cook : Fifth Ward, William Burris, A. A. McLoskev. 1855.— Mayor, Enos Tichenor ; Clerk, B. B. Woodward ; Mar-' shal, Samuel Parker ; Treasurer, William Van Tuvl ; Aldermen, First Ward, G. G. Arndt, Gilbert C. R. Mitcliell ; "Second Ward, E. A. Gerdtzeu, Charles J. 11. Eyser; Tliird Ward, D. P. McKown, Austin Corbin; Fourth Ward, Ebenezer Cook, Hiram Price; Fifth Ward, Anthony A. McLosky, Alfred H. Owens ; Sixtli Ward, Joseph Lambrite, Samuel Sadoris. 1850.— Mayor. G. C. R. Mitchell; Clerk, Wm. Hall; Treasurer, Samuel Sylvester ; Marshal, John H. Taylor ; Aldermen, First Ward, James O'Brien, John Schuett; Second Ward, C. J. H. Eyser, Aug. Smallfield; Third Ward, James M. Bowling, Austin Corbin; Fourth Ward, Hiram Price, Jolm Forrest ; Frftli Ward, W. S. Kinsey, S. R. Barkley ; Sixth AVard, Samuel Sadoris, Joseph Lambrite. 1857.- Mayor, Geo. B. Sargent ; Marshal. H. W. Mitchell ; Clerk, E. Peck ; Ti-easurer, Samuel Sylvester ; Aldermen, First Ward, J. M. Cannon, Edward Jennings; Second Ward, H. Ram- ming, Theo. Guelich; Third Ward, J. M. Bowling, Austin Corbin; Fourth Ward, John Forrest, J. C. Washburn e; Fifth AVard, James O'Brien, Geo. E. Hubbell, vice A. Le Claire, resigned; Sixth AVard, Wm. Guy. Isaac H. Sears. 1858. — Mayor, Ebenezer Cook ; Marshal, John Bechtel; Treas- urer, Lorenzo Schricker; Clerk, Hallet Kilbourn; Aldermen, First Ward. John M. Cannon, I. P. Coates; Second Ward, Theo. Guelich, Henry Ramming; Tiiird AVard, Austin Corbin, James Mackintosh; Fourth AVard, Thomas H. Morley, John C. Washburne : Fifth Ward. Geo. E. Hubbell. James ' O'Brien ; Sixth AVartl, Robt. Christie, Isaac H. Sears. 1859. — Mayor, Ebenezer Cook (part term), Hiram Price (part term); Clerk, L. C. Bnrwell; Treasurer, L. Schricker; Marshal, John Bechtel; Police Magistrate, John Johns, Jr.; Aldermen, CITY OK DAVENPORT. 723 J. H. Holmes. G. P. Anderson, First Ward; H. Ramming, II. H. Anderson, Second Ward ; J. P. Coates, J. Mcintosh, and S. Saddores, Third Ward; II. B. Evans, T. II. Morlej, Puurth AVard; J. A. Le Claire, J. 0'l>rien. Fifth Ward; C. A. llaviland, Robert Christie, Sixth Ward. 18C0.— Mayor, James B. Caldwell; Clerk, II. Mittelbuscher; Treasurer, W. A. Remington; Marshal, 0. S. McNeil; Police Magistrate, John Johns; Aldermen, II. Weinert, II. S. Finley, First Ward; T. Guelich, B. Peters, Second Ward; C. S.Ells, H. Ramming, Third Ward; Thomas U. Morley, II. B. Evans, Fourth Ward: J. O'Brien, J. A. Le Claire, Fifth Ward; J. Coult- hart, C. A. Haviland, Sixth Ward. 1861. — Mayor, George II. French; Clerk, H. Mitte'buscher; Treasurer, W. A. Remington; Marshal, O. S. McNeil; Police Magistrate, John Johns; Aldermen, John Schmidt, H. Weinert, Cli. Kauflfman (jiart of term), First Ward; T. Guelich, B. Peters, Second Ward; ^larsh Noe, II. Runiming (part term), Wm. Glas- nian (])art term). Third Ward; P. J. Gillett, G. L. D.ivenport, Fourth AVard; J. A. Le Claire, J. C. Parker, Fifth Ward; AYm. Renwick, J. Coulthart, Sixth Ward. 1862. — Mayor, George II. French; Clerk, Thos. Dermady (part term), H. Mittelbuscher (part term); Treasurer. John II. Morton; Marshal, H. Leonard; Police ^lagistrate, D. 11. Wheeler; Alder- men, S. G. Mitchell, John Schmidt (^i)art term), Edward Jennings, (balance term). First AVard; Francis Ochs, AVm. (Tlasman, Second AA^ard; Henry Lambach(part term), John Wunderlichl^ balance term). Marsh Noe, Third AVard; G. W. McCarn, Geo. L.Davenport, Fourth Ward; Victor Hunt, J. A. Le Claire (part term), W. Kelly (balance term), Fifth Ward; James CUinningham, AVm. Ren- wick, Sixth AA^ard. 1863. — Mayor, John E.Henry; Clerk. H. Mittelbuscher; Treas- urer, John H.Morton; Marshal", F. W. Means; Police Magistrate, D. II. AVheeler; Aldermen, Samuel Hirschl, S. G. Mitchell, First Ward; Ernst Claussen, Francis Ochs (part term), H. II. Andressen, (balance term). Second AVard; Marsh Noe. J. Wunderlich, Third AVard; George L. Davenport, George AV. McCarn, Fourth AVard; A^'ictor Hunt, AV. G. Jones, Fifth AA^ard; J. Coulthart, Jamea Cunningham. Sixth AVard. 186-1:. — Mayor, Robert Lowr^v; Clerk, Ciiarles Kauflman; Treas- urer, AV. A. Remington; Marshal, AVm. Pool; Police Magistrate, H. D. AVheeler; Aldermen, G. M. Mathes, Samuel Hirschl, First Ward; H. H. Andressen, J. Claussen (part term), E. Tcgcler (part term). Second AVard; Henry A. Rungc. Marsh Noe. Third AVard; John Hornly, George L. Davenport, Fourtli AVard; ^L E. Davis, AV. G. Jones, Fifth Ward; M. K. Parks, J. Coulthart, Sixth Ward. 18C5. — Mayor, John L. Davies; Clerk, C. Kauffman (part term), A. C. Billon (balance term); Treasurer, AV. A. Remington; Mar- shal, AA^m. Pool; Police Magistrate. C. G Blood; Aldermen, C. H. Lage, G. M. Mathes, First AVard; II. II. Andressen, Carl. Tegeler, 724 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Second Ward; H. li. Rnnge, T. W. McClelland (part term), Marsh, Noe, Third Ward; F. W. Crampton, John Hornly (part term), John S. Seymour (balance term), Fourth Ward; W. G. Jones, M. C. Davis, Fifth Ward; J. Coulthart. H. Shiley, Sixth Ward. 1866. — Mayor, John L. Davis; Clerk, D. B. Nash; Treasurer, W. A. Remington; Marshal, Win. Pool; Police Magistrate, C. G. Blood; Aldermen, C. H. Lage, G. M. Mathes, First^Ward; H. H. Andressen, N. Kuhnen, Second Ward; A. Warnebold, Marsh Noe, Third Ward; John S. Sevmour, O. S. McNeil, Fourth Ward; M. C. Davis, W. G. Jones, Fifth Ward; J. Coulthart, J. M. Frizzell, Sixth Ward. 1867.^Mayor, M. Donoliue; Clerk, Jolin Lillis; Treasurer, Otto King; Marshal. J. W. Moore, W. T. Dittoe; Aldermen, G. M. Mathes, A.J. Littig, First Ward; H. H. Andressen. E. Claussen, Second Ward ;N. Kulien, P. B. Harding. Third Ward; J. S. Sey- mour. O. S. McNeil, Fourth Ward; M.^E. Davis, Tlios. Dermody, Fiftli Ward; F. Cunningham, J. M. Frizzell, Sixth Ward. 1868, — Mayor, M. Donohue; Clerk, John Liliis; Treasurer, Otto King; Marshall, J. Kaufman; Police Magistrate, W. T. Dittoe; Aldermen, G. M. Mathes, A. F. Littig, First Ward; E. Claussen, Christ Kruse, Second Ward; P. B. Harding, H. A. Runge, Third Ward; 0. S. McNeil. S P. Bryant, Fourth Ward; Thomas Der- modv, J. C. Conklin, Fifth Ward; J. Cunningham, J. M. Frizzell. Sixth Ward. 1869. — Mayor, James Renwick; Clerk, J. G. Tiicrk; Treasurer, W. A. Remington; Marshal, J. Kaufman; Police Magistrate, Bleik Peters; Aldermen, G. M. Mathes, John Tude, First Ward; Christ Kruse, H. F. Laverenz, Second Ward; H. A. Runge, Henry Hoch, Third Ward; S. P. Bryant. L. T. Eads, Fourth Ward; R.Gavin, T. W. McClelland, Fifth" AVard; J. M. Frizzell, G. S. Shaw, Sixth Ward. 1870.— Mayor, J. M. Lvter; Clerk, J. G. Tuerk; Treasurer, W. A. Remington; Marshal, J. Kaufman; Police Magistrate, Bleik Peters; Aldermen. John Tude, Ed. J. Jennings, First Ward; H. F. Lav- erenz, J. F. Miller, Second AVard; Henry Hoch, J. K. McCosh, Third AVard; L. T. Eads, J. N.Crawford, Fourth AVard; John Lillis, J. M. Dalzell. Fifth AVard; G. S.Shaw, AVallington Scott, Sixth AVard. 1871.— Mayor, John C. Bills; Clerk, J. G. Tuerk;, Treasurer, Ch. Tuerring; Marshal, J. A. Le Claire; Police Magistrate,Bleik Peters; Aldermen, Ed. J. Jenninp;s, A. Woeber, First Ward; J. F. Miller, H. F. Laverenz, Second AVard; F. K. McCosh, Louis Feid, Third Ward; J. N. Crawford. E. E. Cook, Fourth Ward; J. M. Dalzell, E. B. Baldwin. Fifth AVard; W. Scott, G. S. Shaw, Sixth AVard. 1872.— Mayor. A. H. Bennett; Clerk. J. G. Tuerk; Treasurer, Charles Tuerring; Marshall, J. A. Le Claire; Police Magistrate, Bleik Peters; Aldermen, A. Woober, Henry Abel, First Ward; H. F. Laverenz, H. Lischer, Second Ward; Louis Feid, H. A. CITT OF DAVENPORT. 725 Purge, Third Ward; C. II. Frost, C. C. Cock, Foiirtli Ward; E. B. Baldwin, T. T. Dow, Fifth Ward; G. S. Shaw, W. Scott, Sixth Ward. 1873.— Mayor. J. H. Murphy; Cleric, J. G. Tuerk; Treasurer, Charles Tneri-iiig; Marshal, J. A. Le Claire; Police Magistrate, John Kaufman ; Aldermen, Ed. J. Jennings, II. Abel, First Ward; H. Lischer, Otto King, Second, Ward; II. A. Piimge, C. II. Ficke, Third Ward; C. C. Cock, T. W. McClelland, Fourth Ward; T. T. Dow, Wm. Braithwaite, E. Grace resigned. Fifth Ward; I. II. Sears. G. S. Shaw, Si.xth AVard. 1874. — Mayor, J. AV. Stewart; Clerk, J. G. Tuerk, Treasurer, Charles Tuerring; Marshal, J. A. Le Claire; Police Magistrate, John Kaufman: Aldermen, Ed. J. Jennings, C. Foster, First Ward; Otto King. H. Lischer, Second Ward; C. II. Ficke, Clias. Priester, Third Ward; T. W. McClelland resigtied, J. E. Stevenson, AY. F. Skinner, Fourth AVard; AVm. Braithwaite. T, T. Dow, Fifth AA^ard; G. S. Sliaw, I. II. Sears, Sixth AA^ard. • 1875. — Mayor, Roderick Hose; Clerk, J. G. Tuerk; Treasurer, Chas. Tuerring; Marshall, Ed. J. Jennings; Police Magistrate, John Kaufman; Aldermen, C. Foster, Thos. Scott, First AVard; Otto Khig, H. Lischer, Second Ward; Chas. Priester, C. H. Ficke, Third AVard; AV. J. Skinner, J. E. Stevenson, Fourth AVard; T. T. Dow. J. L. Ilehert. Fifth AVard; 1. II. Sears, D. Stanchfield, Sixth Ward. 1876. — Mayor, Roderick Rose; Clerk, J. G. Tuerk; Treasurer, C. Tuerring; Marsluil, Ed. J. Jennings; Police Magistrate; John Kaufman; Aldermen, C. Foster, Thos. Scott, First AVard; Otto King, H. F. Laverenz, Second AVard; C. F. Knappe, C. II. Fiske, Third Ward; W. J. Skinner, J. E. Stevenson, Fonrtlv AVard; Jos. Hebert, T. T. Dow, Fifth AVard; D. N. Richardson, Daniel Stanch- field, SixthWard. 1877.— Mayor, T. T. Dun; Clerk, J. G. Tuerk; Treasurer, Ru- dolph Priester; Marshal, Ed. J. Jenninirs; Police ilagistrate. C. G. Blood; Aldermen, C. Foster. Thos. " Scott, First Ward: Otto King. II. F. Lavernz, Second Ward;'C. F. Knappe, Martin Kun- kel. Third Ward; AV. J. Skinner, AV. L. Marks, Fourth AA^ard; A. Burdick, AV. G. Jones, Fifth AVard;!. II. Sears, D. X. Richardson, Sixth AVard. 1S78.— Maj-or, John AV. Thompson; Clerk, J. G. Tuerk; Treasurer, Rudolph Priester; Marshal, Louis Fcid; Police Magistrate, C. G. Blood; Aldermen, C. Foster, Tiios. Scott, First Ward; Otto King, John Spetzer, Second AVard; Martin Kunkel, Leo Schumacher, Third AVard; M. L. Marks, O. S. McNeil, Fourth AVard; M.V. Gannon, A. Burdick, Fifth AVard; John AVhitaker, I. II. Sears, Sixth Ward. 1879. — Alayor, Jerrie J[urphy; Clerk, .John McStein; Treasurer, R. Priester; Marshal, Theo. Martins; Police Magistrate, John Kaufman; Aldermen, C. Foster, Henry Lamp, First AVard; Otto 726 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Klu^, John Spitzen. Second Ward; Martin Kankel, Leo Schu- macher, Third Ward; O. S. McNeil, A. P. Doe, Fourth AVard; M. V. Gannon, James Dooley, Filtii AVard; J. Babcock, John AA^hita- ker, Sixth AVard. IgSO. — Mayor, Koderick Rose; Clerk, John McSteiu; Treasurer, E. Priester; Marshal, Theo. Martins; Police Magistrate, John Kaufman; Aldermen, AVm. O. Schmidt, Henry Lamj), First AVard; Otto Kluo;, Fritz Vulstedt, Second Ward; Martin Kunkel, AVm. CIaussen,"Third AVard; A. W. Cantwell, A. P. Doe, Fourth AVard; James Dooley, F. H. Hancock, Fifth AVard; John AViiitaker, E. J. Babcock, Sixth Ward. 1881. — Mayor, John E. Henry; Clerk, John McStcin; Treasurer, Fred Kruse; Marshal, Byron Runisey; Police Magistrate, Bernard Finger; Aldermen, AVm. O. Schmidt, N. Ivramback, First AVard; Fritz A^olstedt, F. G. Claussen, Second AVard; AVm. Claussen, Henry Karwarth, Third AVard; A. AV. Cantwell, John Hoyt, Fourth Ward; F. H. Hancock, G. Pt. Marvin, Fifth AVard; John AVhitaker, W. F. Fidlar, Sixth AVard. THE POSTOFFICE. The first postoffice established in this neighborhood was on the island, Col. Davenport being the first postmaster. This was in 1824. Previous to this, during the occupancy of the island by Government troops, the mails came in at very irregular intervals, by military manipulation, once a year or oftener, as supplies or re- inforcements were sent in. AVlien Col. Davenport was appointed the nearest office was at the little town of Atlas, on the Illinois River, about three miles from its mouth. It was between tliis point and the island, about 300 miles distant, that the mail-carriers, either on foot or on horseback, made trips once a month. A few years later the nearest postoffice was at Clarksville, Mo., 24-5 miles away; then the service got up as far as Hannibal, 208 miles, and a little later to Quincy, 183 miles. Between the island and Quincy the mail service was performed.by Rev. Peter Williams, a Methodist minister. A local writer says of him: ''Meager as to education, but chuck fall of zeal, he faithfully served Uncle Sam and his Divine Master at the same time, delivering his mail and his rousing old backwoods Methodist sermons at the same time. Despite the well-known text upon the subject, he did serve two masters, and did it well. Parson Peter's loftiest efforts were re- served for the sinful men of sanguinary war who peopled Fort Armstrong. At that point, of a Sunday, in his plain, ungrammat- ical style, did the venerable old man thunder forth the gospel with most earnest vehemence. He was a Methodist, with the bark on, and he took no pains to conceal it. He was the pioneer Methodist of these parts, probably the first preacher of any denomination among the white men in this vicinity." CITY OF DAVENPORT. 727 The route from Quincy to the island was suspended in 1829 or 1830, and tlie island mail came in by svay of Chicago and Galena, by horseback from the latter place until about 1835, when it com- menced coming by vehicle by way of Dixon, and it kept coining by that route until the advent of the steam horse. In 1S38 there were several m.'^il routes into this vicinity, bringing mail about half the days of the week. Col. Davenport was in possession of the office several years before he was properly sworn in. Judge Irwin, of the U. S. Supreme Court, by chance visited the island and administered the long-neglected oath of office. Mr. Davenport was postmaster on theisland until Nov. 25, 1S34, when his charge was turned over to Miles Conway, at Farnamsburg, now llock Island. Davenport was the first point iu Scott County endowed with postal honors, Antoine Le Claire receiving a commission as the first postmaster, April 19, 1836. He received his mail from the Stephenson (now Eock Ishiiid) office, and brought the letters there- from in bis coat-tail pocket. It is said the first quarter's commis- sion netted Mr. Le Claire an actual income of 75 cents! In December, 1836, D. C. Eldridge opened a store in a little log liouse down on the corner of Front and Kipley streets, and Mr. Le Claire made him his deputy, and gave him charge of the office. The duties of this office were not yet burdensome, though provis- ions were made for bringing the mail over in a mail bag. Mr. Eldridi^e closed out his store in a year or two, and in the summer of 183S built a little one-story brick house on the corner of Third and Brady streets, for his future residence, and just east of it, upon the same lot, erected the little brick office for a postoffice. It was not much of a building, and would but poorly accommodate the business of to-day. But it was quite a neat little affair, and really a great improvement in its day. There v.as plenty of room for the neat little array of boxes, and for two or three city magnates to sit and talk awhile with the agreeable and chatty postmaster. It was the first expressly built postoffice building in Davenport, and the last. From a well-written article by D. N. Richardson, the follow- ing extract is taken : '' Mr. Eldridge ended his service as deputy in Februarj', 1838, and was now commander-in-chief of the depart- ment, receiving his commission thri)Ugh the influence of Gen. George W. Jones, of Dubuque, then delegate in Congress for "Wis- consin Territory. Mr. Eldridge had formed the acquaintance of the General in 1835. while moving into this country, and after- ward met him at Burlington, in 1837, while the Wisconsin Terri- torial Legislature was there in session, before which bod}' he was a candidate for further Congressional honors. Mr. Eldridge was a Wiiig and the General a Democrat, but politics didn't amount to much on the Ijorder in those days, and if it did it didn't make any difference in this case. The General took a liking to Mr. Eldridge and got him the position, which he held, with but a single recess, for more than a dozen years. " The postoffice remained in 728 HISTORY OF scorr county. the little brick office for nearly two years, but in 18iO was removed to the White Hall tavern, bat then newly erected upon the site now occupied by the Democrat building, Mr. Eldridge being its host. The post'oihce was kept in the bar-room of the White Hall for a little more than a year, when Mr. Eldridge retired from hotel- keeping and established a handsome and spacious reading-room in the basement of the Le Claire House. The postoffice was removed into the reading-room and there remained until 1843, when a little frame bakery down on Main street was fitted up for its occupancy, and the reading-room abandoned to other less literar\' uses. '• Here Mr. Eldridge kept his office until the inauguration of James K. Polk as President, in March, 1845, soon after which the office was han.ded over to Joim Forest, the village justice. In the same build- ing did Squire Forest hold iiis court and handle the mail during the entire Polk administration. He informs us that he was un- fortunate in his official career, in that about the time he entered upon his duty, the rate of postage was reduced from 25, 18f and 12^ cents per letter to 10 and 5 cents, which interference on the part of the Government in favor of the letter-writing masses for a while very seriously curtailed his percentage, which was no higher under the new arrangement than under the old. This trouble was but teniporarj-, however, for under the reduced postage system the mail bags became much more weighty after awhile, and the re- ceipts got to be quite satisfactory before his office term had expired. He remained postmaster until the summer of 1849, when Gen. Taylor, having assumed the Presidential chair, executed a commis- sion to tlie former incumbent, and D. C. Eldridge again became postmaster. Upon taking hold of tiie office that gentleman re- moved it to Second street, into a new brick store building. He had bought out two drag stores just before, one of Dr. John F., now Judge Dillon, and another of Alfred Sanders, edilorof the Gazette, and consolidated the pills and pestles in the aforesaid new two- story brick. So the drugs and mail matter were both dealt out over the same counter. '-'This new postoffice location made trouble. It was away out in the country, the bulk of the city being between Main and Ripley streets. The people wanted very much to know what the mischief he was carting tlie postoffice away up to Princeton for? They wanted their mail, and they didn't want to hunt all over the prai- ries for it, eitherl Petitions were circulated, numerously signed, and forwarded to Washington, wheve the grievances of the people were taken under advisement. The Department called on Mr. El- dridge for an explanation of his sudden movement toward the lead mines. Tlie worthy official resjwnded by saying that he had sought to serve the interests of the Department by rem-iving the office from a rickety old frame to a substantial brick, and the entire distance between the old postoffice and the new was but about 500 feet by actual tape-line measure, and he believed it to be his duty to keep it there. So the Governmentthought, and so the difficulty ended. CITT OF KAVENl'ORT. 729 " Tlie office i cinaii'ed thero. In November, ls52, was Gen. Frank Pierce eliosen President. ^Ir. Kldridge wanted to si)end tlie win- ter ill (Cincinnati, and concluded U> give up the office, Icnowing that a change would })robahly be made in the sjjring, so he for- warded ids resignation in tavor ot' William Van Tuyl, a well- known Democrat, then as now a resident of Davenport. Mr. Van Tuyl was duly appointed postmaster, and continued the office in the same place until the following sjjring, when the Pierce admin- istration came into power. " The record is now brought down to the spring of 1853, at which time Davenport had a pojiulation of about 3,000, and was on the eve of rapid increase. The Pierce adnunistration had assumed the reins of government. While the people of Davenport had no reason to find fault with the manner in which Postmaster Van Tuyl had conducted the atfairs of his office, the Democrats did object to the manner of his appointment. There were other aspirants to the ])Osition in the field, among whom were A. F. Mast, T. D. Eagal, editor of the Deinocratic Banner. Richard Shields and Gilbert Mc Ivown, who with their backei's vigorously disputed the right of Mr. Eldrid'ge. the former incumbent and a Whig, to dictate as to wiiich of the probably hungry and certainly expectant Democracy should enjoy the spoils of the glorious Democratic victory. " The general disquiet culminated in an appeal to Gen. George W. Jones, still a member of Congress from this State, who, not wish- ing to take the postal bull by the horns, directed, as there were several candidates in the field, the choice of the Democracy 'ne in- dicated by ballot. So they met at the court-house one quiet spring morning and voted — as usual. After a ballot or two Mr. Eagal withdrew his name in favor of Mr. Mast, who was the fortunate candidate. His name was sent forward and in due time his com- mission arrived. Mr. Van Tuyl, being of the opinion that his posi- tion would be sustained, did not go into caucus, and so lost his office. "Mr. Mast assumed control of the office and held it for eight years. Its location remained on Second street, near Brady, about three months, during which time he put up a new postoffice build- ing on the corner of the alley on Brady, below Second street, which room becoming too small was deserted in 1855 for more commodious quarters further up Brady street. "When Mr. Mast entered the office, Davenport was just becom- ing a point of importance. The Chicago ct Kock Island Railroad was approaching completion; seven four horse mail coaches of Frink lic Walker's line left this place daily for various Western points. The Western mail arrived by way of Muscatine, at mid- night, and about the office on the arrival and departure of the mails there was that noise and bustle, rattling of coach wheels, prancing of horses, cracking of whijjs, and slinging of mail bags that will never be seen again. In those days, aiul until IXU, the post- office bo.xes, now the property of the Department, belonged to the postmaster, together with all their ])roceeds. This income, to- 730 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. gether with the usual percentage of -iO per cent, on mail matter, amounted to about $800 the tirst year; increased to $3,300 in 1S56 and 1857, and then under pressure of the panic subsided to $2,000 a year, in the latter part uf iiis official term. With the exception of a few months at the beginning, Eicliard Smetham was with him the entire term; and during the tiush times spoken of, three clei'ks were employed. The opening of the mails on Sunday mornings in those times atiorded a rare sight, the ' general delivery ' patrons being numerous and anxious. Taking place in line as they ar- rived, the 'rear sergeant' generally found himself well nigh out of sight of the postoffice. At that time the Davenport postoffice was only one of three postoffices in the United States that liad a surplus over expenses. The room, which was originally about 50 feet deep, was extended some 30 feet farther back by tearing away the partitioii and taking in what was then the city marshal's office. *'In the spring of 1861, President Lincoln having been inaugu- rated, Charles H. Eldridge. having distanced all competitors, who were neither few nor far between, was commissioned to take the office. The city had grown during Mr. Mast's term to a place of 15,000 when Mr. Eldridge went into the office. The war broke out about that time and postal matters became very important. The business of the office swelled rapidly again. Mr. Eldridge remained in charge until April 1, 1864, when his resignation was accepted, and Edward Russell, head clerk in the office, was ap- pointed in his stead. Again the office was found to be too small, and was removed to its present location, in the fall of 186-tr. ■'President Lincoln was assassinated in 1865, and Andrew John- son reigned in his stead, and many were the official heads that tum- bled into the gutter in those days. On the iirst of December in that year. Gen. Add. H. Sanders, the eighth postmaster of Davenport, presented A. J.'s commission and took Mr. Russell's place. Mr. Russell had really been removed on the 5th of October preceding, but by reason of a sturdy tight carried on by Mr. Price, then in Congress, the 'taking otf' was delayed until December. "Mr. Russell retired in good order to the editorial room of the Gazette, of wliich paper he had been for some time editor-in-chief, and among quills, ink, paste-pot and scissors, bided liis time until he should be able to rinw the official neck ot his official enemy. Gen. Grant was elected President in 1868, and in May, 1809, ■ the coveted hour came; tlie gutter swapped heads, and Mr. Russell as- sumed control and holds it until the present time. "Davenport has been a postal point 38 [now -15] years, and has had eight different postmasters: Antoino Le Claire, D.C. Eldridge, John Forest, AVilliam Van Tuyl, A. F. Mast, C. H. Eldridge, Edward Russell and Add. PI. Sanders. The aspirants have been numerous; verily their bones whiten in the political burying grounds. Of the successful ones, but one has passed from earth, orD.ivenport. Great changes have taken place since An- toine Le Claire and his successor, D. C. Eldridge, brought the CITY OF DAVENl'OET. 731 Davenport mails over from Ste})Iienson in their hats or coat-tail pockets. Then the first quarter's salary amounted to less than a dollar; ])robably less than 50 letters were handled. Now they couie in daily by the thousand. The position is a lucrative one. Then for several years the postmaster was wont to deliver letters to his pa- trons as he met them on the street; now he sends forth squads of men in uniform to scatter the heavy mails throughout the city. But recently the crowd assembled at mail openings, and the peo- ple who called at the ]iostoftice during each day numbered in the thousands. Now under the free delivery system it has dwindled down to a mere shadow of its former self. Time was when the princi- pal number of letters were mailed at 25 cents, prepayment op- tional. Ni.w you may write four pages and send it for three cents, or order §10,000 worth of goods on a postal card. But a few years ago sending money by mail was extra hazardous; now by systems of registiatiou and postal orders, you may transmit all you are worth ill a short time and with perfect safety. Mail coming is no longer anxiously looked for; it is coming all the time, morning, noun and night. Mr. Eldridge tells us tliat time was when it was a great financial question how to take out a 25-cent letter. Money was painfully scarce, and often he delivered them on credit, tak- ing pay in farm and garden produce, days' work, and barter iren- eraliy." EELiaiOUS. The first religious service held in Davenport was in the spring of 18:^7, at the house of D. D. Eldridge, by Rev. Mr. Gavitt, a Methodist Episcopal minister. Some time during the same year an Episcopalian minister delivered a discourse, and shortly after, religious services began to be held now and then at the house of A. LeClaire, in which a priest from Galena officiated. There are now in the city the following denominations, with the number of organizations as given. The First Presbyterian Church of Davenport, like many other churches in the West, is without a full record of its early history. Among the immigrants of 1835, '36 and '37, not more than 10 or 12 persons could be found who were of tliat denomination. These worshiped at first in common with other denominations, until the 20th or 21st of April, 183S, when a little band of 10 was gathered together in a small building that stood above the alle}' on Ripley street, between Front and Second, belonging to T. S. Uoge, and since destroyed by fire. Here they worshiped a year with such supply of ministerial aid as could be obtained. They were from various parts of the United States. Mrs. Ann ^[itchell was from Alabama; Dr. A. C. Donaldson and wife from Pennsylvania; 732 HISTUKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Robert Cristie and wife from Ohio; Mrs. Jemima Barkley from Pennsylvania, and T. S. Iloge and wife from Ohio, and these com- posed the first congregation. The following year J. M. D. Burrows and wife, and one or two others, were added to their number, and with these few a church was organized in a little frame school-house, standing near the corner of Fourth and Harrison streets, on the 5th of May, 1839. The pioneer clergymen who officiated upon this occasion were the Rev. Ithamar Pillsbury, of Macomb, 111., now deceased; Rev. M. Hummer, of Stephenson, 111.; Rev. Enoch Mead, of Rock- ingham, Iowa. Mr. Pillsbury preached the sermon upon the occa- sion, from Mark xvi:15, 16. Some six years of the records of this church have been lost, so that many of the facts and dates were arrived at by Mr. Mead cor- responding with Mr. Pillsbury; who spoke of his journey to Dav- enport from Andover, where he then resided, in the following way: Mr. Hummer had re(piested his services upon the occasion, which were to take place on the following Sunday, and required him to leave home on Saturday. He had loaned his horse to a neighbor, and it had not been returned, and he walked the whole distance, 26 miles, and returned on foot. Mr. Pillsbury says that when he came to Rock River slough it was overflowed, and some 80 rods wide, and too deep to wade, when he applied to Mr. George Moore, who lived on the bluiis, some two miles from the slough, but the nearest resident, who kindly sent his son and team and set him across. This is but an incident among the many hardships of pioneer ministers in the West. The organization of the church took place, and tlie communion was administered. For four years this church had no stated minis- terial supply, during which time a few more were added, the church having preaching only occasionally from the clergymen above mentioned, and a few others who were traveling through the regions of country beyond the Mississippi River. In 1842 J. M. D. Burrows and T. S. Hoge were chosen and ordained elders of the church. The first stated supply of preaching was in the spring of 1843, by Rev. Samuel Cleland. He had charge of this and the church at Stephenson, 111., for about four years. During this period the in- fant church struggled on amid man}' discouragements. The emi- gration to the West during these years was slow. But few were added to its numbers. But as an evidence of their zeal, faith and courage, they erected in these dark days their first house of wor- ship, a small brick building. Even after the completion and occu- pancy of this church, they were at times almost ready to sit down in sadness and give up their most cherished object. Charles C. Williams came to Iowa in August, 1841:. He was from Newark, N.J. He was an elder of the First Presbyterian Church of that city, and afterward in the Central Church for many years. ^Ct/C^c • o^' K^ft^^^ cm" OF DAVENPORT. 735 He was a man of most ardent piety, ever readj to lend his aid and influence in promoting the cause of his Redeemer's kingdom. His connection with the church of Davenport when it most needed spiritual aid and encouragement seemed providential. At this time Mr. Hoge, one of the elders, moved to Galena. So Mr. Williams and James M. Dalzell were ordained and set apart as elders in this church. His tirst work, with the help of others, was to establish a Sunday-school, which continued to date, and of which he was superintendent to tiie time of his death, which occurred in September, 1852. There were additions to the church as new settlers moved in, and the congregation increased in a measure; yet in 1846, owing to removals and death, there were still but 17 members. At this time the Rev. George S. Rea became their minister, and occupied the pulpit about two years and a half In the fall of this year (1846) the Sabbath-school of the church was first organized. During the summer of 1849, the church being again without a minister, the Rev. Erastus Ripley, of the Congregational body, and senior professor in Iowa College, preached for the church with much acceptance. On the 27th of September. 1S49, for the first time, a formal call was made out by the church to the Rev. J. D. Mason to become their pastor. The call was duly presented before the Presbytery of Iowa, and accepted. His services commenced the first Sunday in November. The church at this time consisted of about 30 mem- bers. In 1857 the list of membership reached 200, but owing to removals in ls6i», it only amounted to 150. In October of ISo'J the pastoral relation of Rev. Mason was dissolved, and in the autumn of this year a call was made to the Rev. S. McAnderson. of Pennsylvania, which was accepted, and he was installed in April, 1800. Rev. Clute is the present pastor, and the church is in good condition, spiritually aiid financially. College Avenue Pre-'(>inted at the organiza- tion were J. G. G. Cavendish, A. Morton, W. Hender, J. T. Mar- tin, S. L. Mitchell, J. M. Frizzell, L. Perkins. The membership numbered about 50. The first pastor was the Rev. A. B. Kendig. Succeeding pastors in the following named order: Reverends Ener}^ Miller, W. Fraiik Paxton, L. F. Copeland, R. W. Keeler, ^Ym. Fawcett, E. Skinner, Frank Brush, H. S. Church, and S. W. Heald. The present Board of Trustees is: W. Hender, AVm. Ar- mill, N. K. Fluke, P. Earhart, A. L. Duncan, E. Sherman and I. CITY OF DAVENPORT. 739 T. Martin : the present membership is about 200. The value of the church ])ropert_v at the organization was about $10,000 ; the present vahie about sl2,(H)0. "wiiich inchides a good and commo- dious parsonage. A Suudav-sciiool was organized in tlie Taber- nacle (a rough board building on a corner of the church lot) in March, 1S67, with about -iU scholars and J. G. G. Cavendish as superintendent, and Walter llender, secretary. The gentlemen continued in their respective offices about seven years,, when A. L. Duncan succeeded in the superinteiidency for one or two years. Walter Ilendcr then held that olfice for live years, when he re- signt'd and A. L. Duncan was again elected, and held the office until he removed from the city. Prof J. W. Ruggle was elected and now holds the office. The school now numbers about 230, con- sisting of primary and normal with all tlie usual intermediate de- partments. Tiie library contains about TOO volumes. Episcopal Churches. — Philo W. Sprague, pastor of the Trinity Episcopal Church, was born in Charleston, S.C., Feb. 2G, 1852. lie is the son of James W. and Henrietta Sprague, nee Woodruff. His parents moved North just before the war and settled in Sche- nectady, X. Y.. where Philo attended school until he was 15 years of age. He then entered Union College and graduated in the full classical course, when but 19 years of age, at the expiration of which time he entered the Theological Seminary, ot New York, where he remained three years, and graduated in 1874. Upon graduating he took charge of Calvary Chui-ch, Pyonia. N. J., where he remained four years. In 1878 he received the appointment of Professor of Ancient Languages in Griswold College, and canon in charge of Trinity Church, corner Saventli and Brad\' streets, Daven- port, and at once assumed the duties of the respective positions. Rev. Philo W. Sprague and Harriet A. Woods were united, in marriage Dec. II, 1879. Miss Wools was a daughter of Joseph W. Woods, a merchant of Boston. One child has blessed this union — Caroline W., born March 22, 1881. The First Baptist Church. — The first religious services were held in the house of John M. Eldridge, on Brady street, where the gal- lery of Hastings. White tt Fisher now stands. The first preacher was Rf^v. Israel Fisher, who went from here to Oregon, where he died about 15 years ago. Tiie first organization, called the First Baptist Church, of Davenport, Iowa, was organized by him and was composed of the following members, nine in number: J. M. Eld- ridge, Mrs. Mary A. Eldridge, John Swartout, Clias. Swartout, Richard Pierce and wife, David Wilson and wife. Richard Pierce and Daniel Wilson were apjiointed deacons. The new church fitted up a room on Front street, over a store, as a place of worship, where the}' continued until they built a brick church at the corner of Fourth and Brady, on a lot given by Mr. Antoine Le Claire to the church. Here the church continued until the house became too small for their use when they removed to the corner of Sixth and Main and built the building now occupied as the High School Build- 740 HISTOET OF SCOTT CO0NTT. ing (old). The present church organization was composed of mem- bers wlio withdrew from the first church arid organized as the Second Regular Baptist Church of Christ in Davenport, Iowa. The first church continued its oi'ganization with Rev. Mr. Folwell, now of Connecticut, as pastor, until about 1S61, when many of the church uniting with the present organization, the united church took the name of "Calvary Baptist Church," as the church is now known. Ihe Second Eegular Baptist Church of Christ, in Davenport, organized Oct. 7, 1851. Those comprising the constituent members of the church were Dea. C. G. Blood, Dr. J. M. "Witherwax, Esther Blood, May J. Solomon, Levi Davis, Rev. B. F. Braybrook, Lucy A. Braybrook, Deacon John Solomon, Jolinson Brown, Eraeline B. Witherwax, Mary Solomon, Sarah Brown, W. M. Crosson. Of this number Levi D.ivis is the sole surviving member. The fii'St officers of the church were Dr. J. M. Witherwax, C. G. Blood, W. M. Crosson, Trustee; Levi Davis, Clerk; J. Solomon, Treasui'er. The first pastor of the church was Rev. E. M. Miles, who settled with the church June, 13, 1852, and resigned Feb. 26, 1857. Mr. Miles has now almost retired from the ministry and is living on a farm near Camanche, Iowa. After a vacancy of two months Rev. Isaac Butterfield became pastor April 26, 1857, and continued to Oct. 27, 1863, a period of six years and six months. Mr. Butter- field continues still to serve as a pastor at Jackson, Mich. After a vacancy of four and a half months, Rev. D. S. Watson be- came ])astor, settling with the church March 13, 1864, and con- tinuing in this. relation to Sept. 22, 1867 — three years and three months. Mr. Watson subsequently removed to California, where he died. After a vacancy of one year Rev. T. W. Powell became pastor Se]it. 27. 1S68, and resigned on account of failing health Oct. 1, 1870. In December, 1875, Mr. Powell was recalled to the pastorate of the church and continued pastor until Jan. 19, 1879. lie is at present settled in Milwaukee, Wis. After Mr. Powell's first pastorate a vacancy of three and a half months followed. Rev. N. S. Burton, D.D., became jiastor Jan. 15, 1871, and continued until November, 187S. He is a present pastor of the Baptist chr.rch in Akron, O. After the close of Mr. Powell's second pas- torate the church was pastorless until October, 1879, when the present pastor. Rev. W. H. Stifler was called from Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The present house of worship was erected in 1852 and cost about $25,000. It is situated on the corner of Fourth and Perry streets. Tiie church is in a prosperous and flourishing condition and has 373 members. It sustains two Sabbath schools, the home school and the North Divenport mission chapel. The following named comprise the officers of the cluirch : Pastor, Rev. W. H. Stifler, D. D; Djacons. Levi D ivis, D. T. Young, A. J. Montague, Nor- man Jordan, William Thompson, A. L. Mossman ; Trustees, E. CITY OF DAVENPORT. 741 S. Ballard, E. S. Crossett, A. F. Williams; Clerk, II. C. "Wales; Treasurer, M. D. Snyder; Sabbath-soliool Superintendent, "W". Raraback. CONGREGATIONALISM. BY REV. .r. G. MERRILL. The birtii-place of the Congregational Church of Davenport was a small building on the west side of Main near Fourth street. At this time there were 30 families in Davenport; there were three stores, a hotel, two groceries, two commission houses, and St. An- thon^-'s Churcli was being built. At first the little church had no minister. Sermons were read by one of the deacons in a room hired tor public worship. They Sling out of the old village h^Mun book, and were made twice glad when a mijister casually spending Sabbath in town could preach to them. The church met in variuns places — on Second street, on Main where school was kept during tiie week and the family kindly removed their beds for Sunday services, at the foot of Brady and over a grocery or fruit stand, and near Ripley, in an unpleasant room in which a man could not stand erect. This latter place was called by the unregenerate of the time, ''brimstone corner."' AVhen the church was a year old, a minister came to Stephenson, now the city of Rock Island, bearing a commission from the A. II. M. Society, "for Stephenson and vicinity." It was Rev. J. P. Stuart, who on looking over his field considered Davenport as part of the said "vicinity" and preached ibr the little church six months. We find upon the records of the old church bearing the date of March IS, 1841. this vote: "Not to use any wine at the commun- ion but that made from raisins or free from alcohol. The tirst infant baptized was upon the ISth of April, 1S41, Rev. Mr. Mitre being in town on that day. At the same time a com- mittee was appointed to adopt measures for building a meeting- house. Ml-. Le Claire was waited ujjon and generously gave the church a lot. A part of the church were not satisfied with the loca- tion and an exchange was made for the site u})on which our former house of worshi]> stood, and here the project rested. On May 30, the church united itself by vote with the General Association of Iowa, a body assuming no jurisdiction over local churches, but afford- ing a means of intercommunication and mutual help. In Septem- ber, Rev. Reuben Gaylord was invited to become the pastor of the church, but declined to accept, lint as good Providence would have it, the same month came from the East Rev. A. B. Hitchcock, a graduate of Yale College. He was invited to minister to the church, and was commissioned by the A. II. M. Society, which as- sumed a part of his support. The church then numbered about 15 members. 742 HISTORY OF SCOTT COITNTY. The coming of the new minister awoke the sleeping church-build- ing enterprise. Mr. H. was sent East, a journey of three weeks by canal and stage, to secure funds. He obtained $540, a large sura in those days, and being able to handle tools he with three other breth- ren who gave their time, erected a building 38 x 24. Generally speaking, when a minister helps build a church, or is settled while his people build it, on its completion he is no longer needed. There was no exception in this case, and Mr. H. was glad to accept a call to Moline, his record as a faithful minister going with him. The church was without a pastor for nearly a year when Rev. E. Adams was chosen. Mr. A. was one of the famous " Iowa Band " which our churches delight to honor. He began to preach in November, 1844, to an extremely feeble church, supported in part for the subsequent eight years by the American H. M. Society. His salary was not far from .$400. Thirty was considered a large number for a congregation. The choir was assisted by a portable melodeon, held upon one arm by a man, who, with the fingers of the other hand, played the bass, while his helpmeet on the left played the soprano, each accompanying the instrumental eftbrts with the voice. The highest price paid for pews at any time during Mr. Adams stay was $20. Seven were sold for that amount, one for $16, two for $12, nine for $10, etc. This was not at Urst but about the half way point of Mr Adams's ministry. Money was worth much in those days. Twenty per cent, was the best the church could do when it tried to borrow. Mr. Adams was the first installed pastor of tlie chui'ch, his in- stallation taking place in 1847. Three years after he began to preach in Davenport. His ministry continued 10 years, during which time 178 members were added to the church. On the 24th of May the cammittee on supply of the pulpit were requested to employ Geo. F. Magoun. A new church was soon talked of, to be not less tlian 60 x 90 feet. But after consultation such an under- taking seemed too large, and on the 6th of Se])tember, 1855, it was voted to enlarge the old church by widening it, and on Nov. 13, Mr. Magoun was invited to become pastor, at a salary of $1,000. The call was accepted in a characteristic letter, which is spread in full upon the records of the churcli. Mr. Magoun was installed January, 1856, Rev. M. K. Cross preaching the sermon. These were bright days in the history of the churcli as far as men could judge. Congregations were very large, larger perhaps than any congregation regularly maintained since that time in town. The church was aggressive, interested itself in missionary work, col- onized the Congregational church of Daven]ii)rt, had a band of " Young Workers," and still held on to the project of building a new edifice upon the lot adjoining tlie old church, apiece of ground that had cost them $1,900, and for the purchase of which they gave a mortgage upon their property. Two hundred and fifty dollars was paid for plans of a building like Beecher's to cost up among the tliousands. HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 743 Then caino the erasli of 1857. Its full effect was not felt the first year, but in ".'i'^ anaid. Disaster produced dismay. Sliaht misunderstandings between the minister and a few of the jK'ojde increased the ombai-rassment of the situation until at the end of the fifth year of his ministry Mr. Magoun resigned. Of these years he says: "I remember tliem as associated with blessed seasons of revival, especially two or three years, when conversions were pretty constant, and I held inquiry meetings every ^Monday night, summer and winter." A council was called. Petitions accompanied with promise of help from members of the congregation were jtresented. The council recommended j\[r. Magoun's stay, provided the financial embarrassment could be removed. It was simj)ly impossible under existing circumstances, and the pastoral relation was dissolved. Here follows a sad ])iece of history. The church that had num- bered 250, the congregation which had filled the capacious house, were scattered to the winds, and for a year tliere was no organiza- tion, no service; the i-ains beat tiirough the roof of the sanctuary, its windows were broken, and desolation was on the house of God. Tiie First Congregational Church of Davenjxnt after an existence of 21 years was no more. We come now to the history of the jjresent organization : The Edwards Congregational Church. On ,Iuly 18, 1861, a com])any of 26 persons met. organized and voted to call a council to recognize the church. On Aug. 11 of the same year the council met, Dr. Wm. Salter, of Durlington, ]n-eaching the sermon. Rev. Wm. Windsor, now of Marshalltown, was the first pastor of the church. His salary was sfiOO, the Home Missionary Society paying s200. Early in his ministry Mr. Windsor went East to secure funds to save the meeting-house from being sold. He obtained S2,500. Members of the church and other citizens of Davenport interested in the enterL)rise gave all in their power, and the hap])y hourci^me when tiiere was no debt. Soon repairs seemed necessary, and by great self-sacrifice .^1,200 was raised for the jnirpoSe. In the process of repairs an attem])t was made to remove the unsightly pillars from the center of the house. The last prop was being taken out when the roof fell in, and the whole structure was a wreck. Tiie crasli ot the fall had hardly ceased resounding through the streets before a few members of the church were cal- culating witii a pencil, upon a shingle, the cost of the increased re- pairs. Tiiose who had given their last dollar reached deeper into tlieir purses and found tlieir last penny, and, driven by necessity, accomplished what seems to us a miracle. 7M HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. This was at the beginning of the war. As our great civil con- test advanced, and tlie Government needed moue_v, as you all know, it issued promises to pay that became less and less worth their face. The Jirst pastor of tiie church was fearfully embar- rassed pecuniarily. It was on Aug. 6, 1866, that the church for the first time thought itself able togo alone. Some of the members were becoming better able to give large suras, and at that time Mr. Windser, who was hired from year to year, was asked to remain a sixth year with a salary of $1,000. Mr. Windser declined to accept; said that his health was insufficient, and with expressions of profound regret on the part of the jieople, the first pastor of the Edwards Ciiurch left, the church having received more then 100 memhers during his five years' stay. Then followed a season of candidating. Three clergy- men in turn were invited to and declined the pastorate, Messrs. Greely, Bardwell and Cochrane, the latter at a salary of8'2,000. On March 11, 1867, the church voted a call to Rev. J. A. Hamilton oflering a salary of 82,000, and agreeing to increase it year !>y year until his salary should be §3,000. This was at first declined but on a renewal was accepted and Mr. ITamilton began work in Aug- ust of that year. The church moved steadily forward under tiiis pastorate, which continued for four and one-half years He found 120 members and left 273. In the autumn of ISTl Mr. Hamilton determined to carry out a h^ng-cherished plan to visit Europe, and asked to be relieved trora his pastorate. The church requested hira to take leave of absence and return to them. He declared such a course prejudicial to the interests of the church and peremptorily resigned, and tlie church adopted resolutions regretting the loss occasioned not only to the city but the church by his departure. It became necessary, of course, to secure a new pastor, and Mr. Hamilton was authorized by the Church Committee to receive his successor, and on the 30th of March, 1871, Eev. J. G. Merrill, of Topeka, Kan., was invited to become pastor for one year, the church and pastor-elect never having met. The salary promised was .81,800 for the first year, the church having found itself un- able to pay the 83,000 tliat it had hoped to raise for Mr. Hamilton. Mr., Merrill accepted the call and preached his first sermon on the 2d Sabbath of January, 1872. In August of the same year the church property was sold for 810,500, with a view to building a new house of worship. On Sept. 2, the pastor preached _the_ last sermon in the house that cost so much anxiety and sacrifice from the text, '■ But many of the chief of tlie fatiiers that had seenthe first house wept with a loud voice and many shouted aloud for joy; so tliat the people could not discover the noise of the shout of joy from the noise of the weeping of the people." On Nov. 5, of the same year the acting pastor was unanimously invited to be in- stalled. He accepted. Installation services took place Dec. 18, Dr. J. E. Eoy, of Chicago, preaching the sermon. During the last third of 1872 and all'of 1S73 the church leased the building f^' CITY OF DAVENPORT. 745 standing on the northeast corner of Fifth and Brady streets, now oeciipiod l)>\the Ladies' Library Association, and foriuerly tlie Fifth Street Methodist Church. Late in 1S72, after great difficulty and some division of feeling and judgment, a lot was secured for a new church, the corner-stone of which was laid in June oflS73. The clinrch, in which we now worship, situated upon the corner of Ninth and Perry streets, was dedicated on the 26th of December of the same year. The dedicatory sermon by the pastor from the text ''Even that which they build, if a fox go up, he shall break down. And I said unto the rubles and to the rulers and to _the restot the people, the work is great and large; in what place thereforej ye hear the sound of the trumpet, resort ye thither unto us: our God shall fight for us." In May,J18 7J:, an organ was purchased, and in the same month of 1S76 the house was completed by the erection of galleries, so that to-day we have church i)ro])erty worth s37,O0O, a building capable of aecommfidating over 1,000 people and fur- nished with all the appliances for church work. The church was ])artially destroyed by lire on the night of the ISth of December, ISSl. It has since been rebuiLded and refurnished so as to surpass its former beauty and comfort. It enters upon the 11th year of its ])resent jjastoratc with a niembersliiji double the number it liad when the pastoral relation was entered upon. It lias an aggressive, earnest, and self-denying spirit, and believes that although the jjast of Congregationalism in Davenport has been often dark and trout)lous, its future is secured. The First United Pi\shijtefian congregation of Davenport, was organized Oct. 21, 185-i, by Rev. William Graham, of the Associate Reformed Church, with 10 members: Alexander Blair, Sarah Blair, David Walker, Jennet AValker, Tiiomas M. Patterson, Mar- garet Patterson, Henry (."alderwood, Mary Calderwood, Robert X. Patterson, Jane Lucy. Thomas M. Patterson and Alexander Blair, were chosen ruling elders, the latter being still a very useful officer of the congregation. The first religious services were held in a privjite dwelling near the site of the present building. Since its organization the follow- ing named have served as p.istors: Rev. J. R. McCalister, who now lives at Shippensburg, Penn., was the first ])astor His pas- torate, which began Feb. 1. 1855, continued until October, 1857, when his whole time was given to Rock Island. Rev. S. II. Ilutchcn, who died at Norwicli, Ohio, in the year 1868. ministered to the congregation from Oct. 24, 1S57, until July 25, 1^.58. Rev. R. X. Fee, at present a missionary to the Warm Spring Indians of Oregon, preached to the congregation, as stated sn]iply for a short time. After a vacancy of several years. Rev. Ilenry Wallace, now editor of the Winterset Chronicle, was installed Jan. 24, 18G4. Resigning in May, 1870, Rev. J. U. McClenehan officiated as stated sup])ly for 18 months, removing to Winterset, and from tliere to Olathe, Kansas, where he died, lamented by the entire community. 746 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. Rev. E. S. Campbell, who bar! been pastor at De Witt, Iowa, for about 20 3'ears, took charge of the congregation March 17, 1878. His health failing, he resigned in July of the following year, and removed to New Concord, Ohio, where he died in the fall of the same year. Rev. J. Boyd, the present incumbent, after an irregular minis- try of a few months, began his labors in the congregation, in July, 1880, which have^ continued without interruption, and with en- couraging success. The present house of worship, 40 x 50, was erected in 1854, at a cost of $1,400. It is not in a good location, and the congregation intend erecting a new one in some other part of the city. The present officer.-^ of the congregation are as follows: Elders, Alexander Blair, William McCool, William Johnston. Joseph H. Clyde; Trustees, James McCosh, J. H. Clyde, J. W. Jamison, L-'A. McCool. The number of members since the organization cannot be given with any accuracy; the removals since that date have been numer- ous, leaving about 50, with a number of adherents, which give hope of an increase at no distant day. A Sunday-school was begun, and has been kept np ever since the organization. James McCosh, wlio has recently been elected, was the first superintendent. The present officers are: Superin- tendent, James McCosh; Assistant Superintendent, J. W. Jami- son; Secretary, T W. Carthy; Treasurer, M. McCosh; Librarian, N. Jenison. St. Anthony^s, Boman Catholic. — The first church organization in Davenport was St. Anthony's Roman Catholic. In the spring of 1S38 Rev. Samuel Mazzuchelli an Italian by birth, visited Dav- enport and organized a church. Steps were at once taken for the erection of a church, which was completed and dedicated by Rt. Rev. Bishop Loras, of Dubuque, assisted by V^ery Rev. S. Muzzuchelli. The Catholic Advocate, printed at the time, thus speaks of the matter : " Mr. Antoine Le Claire, a wealthy Frenchman, and a zealous exemplary Christian, in partnership with Mr. Davenport, has gen- erously granted to the Catholic congregation, in the very center of the town, a whole square, inclnding 10 lots, in the middle of wliicli he has built, partly at his own expense, a fine brick church, with a school-room attached. *** In order to lay in Davenport a lasting foundation for the Catliolic religion, our bishop has pur- chased half a square for a hospital, and several other lots for pur- poses of the same kind. *** The church has St. Peter for its primary, and St. Anthony for its secondary patron." This little edifice was the first of the kind in Davenport,. It was erected at a cost of $2,800. It was used for several years as church, school-house and priest's residence. In 1843 an addition was built. CITY OF DAVENPORT. 7i7 This building for some years was the largest public edifice in the town, and was used by ail large assemblies to deliberate upon mat- ters of public interest. In 1S39 Rev. J. A. M. Palamorgues took charge of the congre- gation, and for many years labored zealously to advance the inter- ests of the cause in Liiis city. At tliat time he was tiie only priest in Iowa south of Dubuque, and for many years lie visited Tur- lington, Muscatine, Iowa City and other places. The number of Catholic families in Scott County in 1839 was 15. For a sketch of Father Palamorgues see chapter Illustrious and Prominent Dead. In 181:3 when the church was enlarged the number of Catholic families was about 5(i. " iMoney at that time was so scarce," says a member of that church, " tliat only s20 were collected in cash to build the addition." The number of Catholics increased very slowly until ISSi. In 1849 the stone church was commenced and not finished until 1854. In 1855 anew stone churcli was built for the Germans in " Mitch- ell's addition." Mr. Mitchell donating tiieland. Tins church was organized in 1855, and Rev. Michael Flammary placed in cliarge. He was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Baumgartncr. The present pastor is Rev. Mr. Niermann, who has ministered to the charge for many years, and who has gathered together a large congregation. A large and handsome ciiurch edifice is being erected by the congregation in 1862. St. 2Iary\s Catholic Church, was organized and the house erect- ed in 18G8, by Rev. Maurice Flavin, and dedicated by the bishop of the diocese, Rev. John Hennessey, D.D. At this time there were 150 families connected witii the congregation. Among those partic- ipating in the laying of the corner-.stone was Father Palamorgues, the pioneer Catiiolic priest in this locality, whose memory is held in grateful remembrance by all who knew him. Rev. Maurice Fla- vin had charge of the con4 ti% 3M 8i¥ Wz 8% 2M 8M IM 10 2 U 6 4K ^ w 3^ 10 10 15 18 17 23 17 12 12 14 13 10 12 $44,584.80 4l,873.:J0, 59.513.46 71,224.81 67,260.59 92,173.28 79,891.81 55,684.08 54,670,08 04,263,50 56.967.65 42,708.95 53,102,84 1869 1870, 1871 1872, 187'3 1874, 1875 1876, 1877, 1878 1879, 1880 1881 -a "S =3 a, >1 _ bO ■a o lO s c 0) o o CO 1 ^ a bO ffl al d « 6 > s fe iz; o H 6,643 3,436 1,967 53 7,120 3,556 2,106 59 7,441 3.697 2,321 53 7,521 4,019 2,340 77 7,842 3.991 2,530 -80 8,065 4,090 2,727 83 8,280 4,435 2,905 88 8.506 4,284 2,924 91 8,770 4.474 3.139 92 8,888 4,509 3,270 94 9,097 4,558 3,354 96 9,245 4,497 3,268 95 9,309 4,558 3,176 93 •r c; $31,925.00 34,858,88 42,56300 47,968.42 49,636.00 50,585.79 52,913.37 55,794.50 55,405.15 57,671.93 56,021 00 54.511.25 53,133.40 o $ 16.23 16.55 18.33 20.. 50 19.74 18.54 18.21 19.07 17.64 17.63 16.70 10.70 16.70 SCHOOL BUILDINGS. The city is now well supplied with cjood buildings, thougli the demand is constantly on the increase, as the city increases in popu- lation. There are now 12 school buildings, one of which is stone, two frame and nine brick. Prior to the year 1866 the city was illy ) ) /t^^^ L^^ CITY OF DAVENPORT. 753 supplied with buildings, and thoaccoiniiiodations at that time were itisutticieiit to meet the wants of the pupils who desired to attend. Since that time much has lieen done to supply the demand. The school buildinojin District No. 1, East Davenport, was erected in 1865-'6, and an addition built in lS7-t. It is of brick, having several recitation and school-rooms, with the necessary closets and halls, and is valued at 83^.000. District No. 2 has a large stone building, erected in lS53-'4, and dedicated to school purposes, Sept. 30, lS5i, with such cere- monies as were suitable for the occasion, including speeches by sev- eral leading citizens. An addition was built to it in 1870, making it a very large and convenient building, having several recitation and school rooms. The property is now valued at $33,000, and is situated at the corner of Seventh and Perry streets. District No 3 has a brick building situated corner of Sixth and Warren streets, erected in 18.o6-'7. Being too small to accommo- date the number of pupils desirous of admission, an addition was built in 1S70, which added greatly to the convenience of both teach- ers and ])upils. The buihiing and grounds are valued at $30,000. District No. i has within its limits two buildings, both located in the same neighborhood, corner of Main and Locust streets, and both of which are ot brick, with a total valuation of 830,000. One of the buildings was erected in 1857 and the other in lS65-'6. District No. 5 has a fine brick building, located on West Third street, which was erected in 1SG7-'S and which, together with the grounds, is valued at 84-o,i>0(i. District No. 6 has a frame building, erected prior to 1S.5S, and which has had two additions made to it, one in 1S66 and the other in 1871. The value of the building and grounds is 87,000. District No. 7 has also a frame building, erected in 1868, at a cost of 82,. 500. District No. 8 has a brick building, erected in 1871, at a cost of 825,000. It is situated corner of Fourth and Ripley streets. District No. 10, possesses a good brick building, erected in 1878, at a cost of 821,000. The old high-school building was erected in 1854, and used for some years as a Baptist church. In 1S65 it was purchased of the Baptists and remodeled. It is situated at the corner of Si.xtli and Main streets. The building and grounds are estimated at 85,0u0. The new high-school building, situated on the block bounded by Kock Island and Iowa, and Seventh and Eighth streets, is the most imposing school edifice in the cit}-. It was erected in 1874 and together with the grounds is valued at 805,000. PUBLIC LIBRARY. [From the Davenport Daily Oazttle, Nov. 1, 1877.] It is now impossible to fix the precise date at which the first effort to establish a public library in the city of Davenport was 44 754 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. made, but it is known that, as earlj' as ISoS-'i a few public spirited citizens, by donations of books and a few dollars, succeeded in getting together what may be termed the nucleus of the present library. At about the same time a few mechanics and working men also made an effort looking to the establishment of a library and reading-room and were partially successful, but were soon ab- sorbed by the earlier oi-ganization. No particulars as to the espe- cial objects or rules of either of these associations, or of the rooms, if any. occupied by their library, can now be ascertained, and the subject does not seem to have assumed responsible form until early in 1857, when the donation by Geo. B. Sargent, Esq., to the Young Men's Library Association of $500, to be used in the purchase of books as a contribution toward a public library ac- cessible to every respectable resident of the city of Daven- port or vicinity, at a charge not exceeding §3 per annum was announced. With this impetus, the loung Men's Library Association seems to have been quite popular and in flourish- ing condition during the next year or two, but the evil days came upon it in the general crash of 1857-'59 and in the latter year the books and other properties were boxed up and placed in storage in the cellar ot what is now the First iS^ational Bank building. From this they were however rescued in a few months and transferred to suitable rooms on Perry street, corner of Third, and again made accessible to the public. At this time the cata- logue named about 1,500 volumes. About this time the Young Men's Associated Congress, a sort of debating society, composed of young attorneys, physicians, etc., had been success- fully organized, and after some negotiation as to the details, it was decided to place the library in the hands of a union of the two socie- ties, under the name of the '• Davenport Library Association,'' on the general basis ot the terms of General Sargent's donation. During the ensuing 13 years, 1S60 to 1873, the new association encountered the usual varying fortunes of life with a down- ward tendency, until in the winter of lS73-'74: its condition seemed to promise only a speedy dissolution. Just at this crisis it was proposed to place the management entirely under the care of a board of ladies,and in April, 1874, the following Board of Directors was dul}' elected and installed: President, Mrs. A. P. Dillon; Vice-President, Mrs. Wm. Renwick; Treasurer, Mrs. W. C. Wadsworth; Secretary, Mrs. J. F. Barnard; Corresponding Secre- tary, Mrs. G. M. Ballon; Lecture Committee, Mrs. W. F. Peck and Mrs. J. T. Lane; Library Committee, Mrs. H. M. Martin, Mrs. Lounsbury and Mrs D. S. True. With this new era the library assum- ed a more appropriate and influential standing. Duriuff 187l:-'76 as rapidly as possible new books were purchased and the depart- ment of periodical litei'ature largely added to. At the present time, November, 1877, the entire number of books contained in this library is in the vicinity- of 7,000. CITY OF DAVENPORT. 755 It only remains to he said tliat the most important event in the library's history occurred in July, 1877. Mrs. Clarissa C. Cook at this time made public her intention to carry out the wish of her deceased husband, the late Hon. Ebenezer Cook, to aid the library. Tins aid from ^[rs. Cook subsei^uently tuok the form of erecting a suitable building at a cost of i?13,0ers were, on the above date, at once transferred from the poor house to the new hos])ital, the authori- ties guaranteeing that there should constantly be at least that number of county patients thus in the care of the Sisters. Award for the care and treatment of general cases of illness or accident was also establi.siied. The entire control and discipline of the hospital was held by the Sisters, though constant ins])ection and visitation by the county officials was provided for. From this humble beginning the institution has steadily grown, until, a re- cent description says, "the present grounds cover 20 acres; the buildings are, Firsts the main building, a very large massive brick, tour stories high, and about 1.50 x 00 feet : this contains the general .sick wards, in which we found about .50 jiatients, all seemingly well pleased with their accommcxlations and treatment. The chapel, dispensary, dining and reception rooms are also in 756 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. this building. Second, the building for insane, two stories high and about 40 x 60, well provided with slee])ing and bath rooms, large halls, etc.; this now has about 90 (insane) inmates. A large space out of doors is enclose 1 tor exercise and airing courts. Third, another two-storj building, used as a Catholic orphan asylum ; this is a branch especially under the care of the Sisters. A city and county pest-house is situattd in a secluded outlot 60 or 80 rods distant from the other buildings. Tliis pest-house has all the ap|diances needed to make it especially ada]>ted to its purpose, and is undoubtedly as well arranged as any building ot this class in any part of tiie country. The remaining buildings pertain to the general purposes of the institution, as ice-houses, store-houses, etc. The location is adjoining tlie city limits, and distant about two miles trora the postoffice and court-house. The grounds are well shaded and have abundance of water from wells on the premises, neither the public water nor gas system have yet extended their mains to the hospital, though annually getting nearer to it. The physicians of Davenjjort have been of invaluable aid to the liospital from it-i beginning. They immediately or- ganized a system of (gratuitous) visitations, which is still main- tained, by a board of three ]3hysicians and three surgeons, active, and two consulting surgeons. An advanced medical student, se- lected by this board, remains at the hospital and has his rooms and meals there without charge. I have only to add that from the be- ginning the institution has had the entire contidenco of our citi- zens, and its wonderful success, wdiich is due to the admirable management and personal services of the " Sisters " is a siifficient demonstration of the superiorit}' of the system. ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. Wi PROF. W. H. PRATT. On the evening of Dec. 14, 1867, four persons met in a small real estate agency office in Daven])ort, and agreed and jdedged themselves to each other and to the community, that their eftorts, feeble as they might be, and must be, should be united and di- rected toward the acquirement and dissemination of scientific knowledge, and that the limited means at their command should be used to the best of their knowledge and ability, to awaken an interest in such studies, to unite the influence of those who were already interested, to encourage scientific research and scientific reading, and to promote the introduction of practical scientific in- struction in the public schools. In this attem])t they were merely taking the initiatory steps, reljdng upon the co-operation of others of equal earnestness and greater ability, who should join in the good work and carr^^ it forward. ciT^ OF i>avp;ni'ort. 757 During several years previous tliis matter had been discussed from time to time between Mr. Barlei', Alfred Sanders, Mr. Rie])e, Prof. D. S. Sheldon, Dr. Parr^', Mr. Titian}- and myself, and per- haps some others wliom I do not now recall, with the rather vague determination of doing something sometime, and a full conviction that sometliing ought to be done by xmited etibrt. We had been gradually forming private geological and natural history collections, those of Prof. Sheldon being the principal ones. ' With a rich tield for study collection of sjiecimens in the several branches of natural history; situated in a flourishing city, surnninded by a rapidly iiicreaang po])ulation, and at a time when a growing interest in scientitic subjects was everywhere man- ifested; it seemed as if some more might and ought to be accom plished than had been or would be by such scattered and desultory action, and there was encouragement in the work already done. We were, of course, entirely unaware of tlie rich mine of archreo- logical treasures hidden almost at our feet, as scarcely any atten- tion had at that time been given to the subject in this region, and comparatively little elsewhere. Prof. Sheldon had scoured the woods and lields and explored the rivers and ponds in a very assiduous and successful search for plants, insects and shells, and by example, advice and instruction had been gradually and faithfully sowingthe seeds of scientitic prog- ress and promoting scientitic culture. Mr. Alfred Sanders had during several years made large collections in the same lines, and liad then recently retired from business, and determined to devote his time largely to scientitic pursuits, and was much engaged in the study of systematic geology especially. Mr. Barler had be- come an assiduo\is and persevering collector and student. Mr. Riejn, always a naturalist in liis tastes and habits, was con- stantly linding something new and intei-esting, and leading the att'jntion of his pupils and friends in the direction of natural knowl- edge, and chiefly through my accpiaintance with him, and tlirougli ids influence, my attention was turned that way more than ever before. He and I, with sometimes one or two others, and usunlly some of our children, spent maiiy a pleasant, and I believe profita- ble, day on a ])rivate picnic upon Credit Island, or over at Pock River, enjoyed our dinner with fresh liot coffee made on the spot, oy the side of a little tire in the woods, even on a chill November day, as well as a keen appetite and absence of con\'entionalities wfiuld enable us to do. These explorations always resulted in some desirable additions to our cabinets, and though often fatigued witli our burdens we always returned refreshed in s]nrit and re- newed in zeal. Many specimens found on these excursions are now in the museum. Dr. Parry had long since acquired a higii reputation as a thor- f>ughly scientific botanist, and untiring explorer, and remarkably successful collector, and Mr. Tiffany was delving among the rocks with all the zeal of a new convert. 758 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Such was about the condition in matters of scientitic research here in 1865-' is rather antagonistic to a liberal public spirit and true interest in the in- crease and diflusion of knowledge. In the spring of 1867, while spending a few weeks at Ottawa, 111., I became acquainted with Dr. John Paul and Dr. L. N. Dimmock, now of Santa Barbara, Cal., and some other leading members of the Ottawa Academy of Natural Science, an institu- tion which had then a name but no local iiabitation. They had, however, some good working members who had already in tiieir locality awakened a fresh interest in scientific subjects, and a pros- pect of soon establishing the society in good rooms, and by uniting their private collections, which were of consideiable value, making a very good beginning in the building up of a museum. By their exam])le and advice we were encouraged to attempt something more systematic than we had at first thought of venturing. Mr. L. T. Eads having become interested in the subject, joined in our consultations and offered the use of his real estate office in Postoffice Block, southeast corner of Third and Perry streets, for our cabinets and meetings, as long as it would answer these ]>ur- poses. It was probably mainly due to Mr. Barler's energy and enthu- siasm tliat decided action was taken at this particular time, and so on Satui-day evening, Dec. 7, 1867. Mr. Barler, Mr. Eads and my- self met by a]ipointment at Mr. Eads's office to consult upon the ways and means, the possibilities and probabilities, and as to what we would dare to undertake, thinking that its success might de- pend somewhat upon the character of the first movement made. We had l)een unable to enlist men of means in the enterprise; we had no direct assurances of aid from any source; we knew that in a CITY OF DAVENl'OKT. 759 majority of cases where sucli a project was attempted, the interest died out after a short time, and the enterprise failed for want of internal onerg}' and persistence, and outside recognition and sup- port. We determined to procure a copy of the constitution of the Ottawa Academy, and to call a meeting of those interested on the next Saturday evening. Wo did not venture to advertise the meet- ing, however, fearing tliat too much might be expected at the begin- ning, but invited jiersonally those whom we knew to be desirous of joining in co-operative work. During the week Dr. Paul ])roiuptly complied with my request, and sent us the copy of their constitu- tion and by-laws, and on Saturday evening Dec. 14, 1S67, we found " present, Messrs. Barler, Eads, Tiffany and Pratt." Mr. Sanders was deceased. Dr. Parry absent at the far West, Prof Sheldon in ])oor healtJi, and Mr. Eiepe could not attend that evening though he was present at the next meeting and regularly thereafter. It was then decided to proceed to the organization of an associa- tion without further delay, and this was done then and there, by the adoption of the form of constitution and b3'-Iaws of the Ottawa Academy, and by the election of ofticers for six months. Some em- barrassment was experienced in filling up the board of 10 trustees required by the constitution, but the full number were chosen, sub- ject to the acceptance of the position by those who were not pres- ent. They all accepted, however, except one Mr. C. S. Ellis, and his place was filled after a reasonable time by the election of Hon. John L. Davies. After about six weeks the following encourag- ing notices, which I give verhatiin et literatim,, appeared in the daily paj)ers, viz., in Gazette, Jan. 24, 1S6S: SCIEXTIFIC SOCIETY . An organization has just been completed which takes the some- what ambitious title of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sci- ences. Its object is the collection and dissemination of scientific knowledge, and we understand that esjiecial attention will bejiaid bj' this society to the geology < if our State. Specimens of the various fauna and fiora of the coal formations will be gathered into cabinets, which the members will endeavor to make as complete as ]Kissible a beginning of which cabinets have been made. Peat will also occupy a prominent place in their inquiries for information; in fact, all scientific subjects will claim a snare of their attention. We \ wish the society prosperity, as well as a long existence. The officers are : President, S. Sheldon, ofC^riswold College; Vice- President, A. N. Parler ; Secretary, W. II. Pratt; Treasurer, L. T. Eads. The Library Association has offered the new society a habitation in its njom, we learn. The Davenport Democrat, Jan. 23, 1868 : DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCE. A society bearing the above name has been organized in this city for the purpose of disseminating useful knowledge and inves- 760 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. tigating subjects of a scientific character. The officers of the society are at present : President, Prof. D. S. Sheldon, of Griswold College ; Vice-President, A. N. Barler ; Secretary, W. H. Pratt ; Treasurer, L. T. Eads. In addition to these there is a board of 10 trustees. The society has one large cabinet filled with natural curiosities, and specimens enough to fill another which is now beino- constructed. The specimens consist of a large variety of river shells — some 75 kinds — mineral productions, geodes fern fossils, coal blooms, and various other geological curiosities. Also antiquities and rare articles. The headquarters of the society are now in Mr. L. T. Eads' office, where the cabinet and its contents can be seen. An invitation has been extended by its members to share quarters with the Library Association, and it is likely that the invitation will be accepted, as more room will be needed as soon as the other cabinet is finished. The princi])al object of the society is to make geology a specialty, and to that end the coal and peat beds are to receive a due share of its attention. The gathering of valuable specimens will be continued, and new cabinets provided as occasion requires. Donations of curiosities, antiquities, books, etc., are res]iecttully solicited. AVe are glad to notice that a movement of this kind has been inaugurated by our citizens. It is a step taken in the right direction, a move worthy of all commendation, and we sincerely hope that those who have made the beginning will see the project grow to the extent it deserves. Cabinets filled with geological and mineral- ogical specimens, gathered for the most part in our own State, and open for public inspection, will incite inquiry and promote research, and the cause of science must naturall}' prosper when its votaries increase in number and intelligence. Success to the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences. As soon as possible one case for specimens was procured — the old larger case now in the back room — made by one of the first members who joined after the organization, and a considerable number and variety of specimens, contributed by Messrs. Barler, Titfaiiy, Eads, Sheldon, Eiepe and myself. I find in ray diary on Jan. 18, 1868: "Carried sjiecimens from home and put them up at the Academy all day." Mrs. Alfred Sanders also contributed a large collection ot minerals, fossils and rt;cent shells which alone occupied the second cabinet case we procured, and others soon began to hand in such specimens as they ha])pened to have. , We were proud ontheoccasionof the receipt of the first donation from abroad, which was that ot a collection of crinoids, now in our collection, from Mr. Enoch May, of Burlington, Jan. IS, 1868. These were sent in response to' our notice of his election as an honorar}^ member. We were rather free if not hasty in our dis- tribution of such "honors " at first while as yet we wei'e receiving rather than conferring honor by such connections. Our notifications were, however, usually very well received and kindly responded to. CITY OF DAVENPOKT. 761 The first lot of specimens received in response to our proposi tionsfor excliange, was a collection of marine shells, sponnjes, etc., from the Portland, Me., Xaturul Ilistorv Society. "\\ e still have the specimens but hare outlived the institution. Our first ap])earance before the public was upon the occasion of a lecture delivered before the academy by Prof Hinricks, of the Iowa State University, at the German Theater, on the 15th of February, 1S68. .on the subject of ''Pantogen; or, the Element of Elements."' It was well attended antl well received and we "thanked God and took courage." Tlie first paper read in academy meeting was on May 1, 1S6S, by W. H. Pratt, on "Tlie Relation of the Outer World to Our Senses." Our meetings were held at Mr. Eads' ofiice until a liberal offer was received from the Young Men's Library xVssociation to give the use of a portion of its room, 'noi-theast corner of P>rady and Second streets, free of rent. The offer was accepted ami I land in my diary, March 21, 1S6S: "Began to remove specimens from Mr. Eads's office to Library rooms" and the meeting on April 3, 1S6S, was the first held there. The old case, being of an odd size and form, was left. Our first enterprise out of the routine contemplated in the origi- nal plan was the purchase from Mr. Tliomas Lighton, of Rock Island, of a telescope, made by him, for the sum of sloo, which was raised by subscription. The instrument is still with us, in good order and has been tlie source of much jileasure and some benefit. During the summer of 1S69, preparations were made for secur- ing ]ihotographs during tlie progress of the total eclipse of the sun, which was to oL-cur on the 7th of August. This piroject was carried into effect with quite as good result-* as could reasonably have been expected with such limited skill and appliances as were at our command. Twenty ])retty tair [ihotographs were made. We were mucli disa)i])ointed in the failure to obtain a negative during the time of totality, not being aware at that time of what we after- ward learned, that it was necessarily totally out of the question in any case, being simjjly impossible to take one during the short time, 63 seconds of totality. The meetings were held quite regularly at the library room for three years, with an average attendance of about eight members, and usually considerable interest was manifested, though some- times the meetings were rather thin. For example: On .Tune 2, 1869, only James Thomjtson and myself were ))resent, but the busi- ne-s had to be done or lie over one montli, with ])oor ]irosi)ects of a larger meeting next time, as it was difficult to secure a gnod at- tendance during the heated term. The constitution prescribed no quorum for the transaction of business, and we thought it best to proceed and dispf>se ot it at once. Small as was this meeting in numbers, yet estimating it by results, it was the great^jst meeting the academy ever held. Tlie original minutes read as follows: 762 HISTOET OF SCOTl' COUNTY. EEGULAR MEETING. Very few members present. Mr. Thompson was called to the chair. Minutes of last meeting read and adopted. Mr. Thomjjson reported donation of some glacier scratched by Mr. Fejervary. The proposition to amend the by-laws by substituting the last Friday for the iirst Wednesday of each month for the date of monthly meetings was then taken up and unanimously adopted. Miss Dr. Irish having withdrawn her name on account of leaving the city, the other names proposed for membership, viz., Mrs. Charles E. Putnam, J. D. Putnam, and Henry Hourtillotte were then balloted for and unanimously elected. Academy adjourned to Friday evening, 25th inst. Here the secretary was obliged to "cast the vote of the meet- ing" as nobody else was there to vote. We little realized then what we had done. We "builded better than we knew." The time for meeting then li.xed has never since been changed. Mr. Tourtillotte died a year or two after. The other two lived to do good work for the academy. J. D. Putnam died in December of 1881. If it had not been for them the academy would not now be what it is. Mrs. Putnam was the Iirst lady elected to regular membership. Mrs. M. A. Sanders was the first lady elected as honorary member, Jan. 4, 1868, afterward transferred with the rest to the list of corresponding members upon a change of the constitution, and since become an active regular member. John Hume was the tirst regular member elected, Jan. 4, ISOS. In the fall of 1872 some changes in the arrangements of the library and their time of meeting rendered it inconvenient for us to hold our meetings there, and by the kindness of Messrs. Putnam & Rogers their commodious law office was our place of meeting from TSTov. 29, 1872, until the ne.xt May. On May 30, 1873, the regular meeting was held in Dr. Ilazen's office. On July 15, 1873, the academy rented a small room in the rear of Mr. Eads' office, second story, south side of Third street, next door east of the bank, on the southeast corner of Brady and Third, wliich we oc- cupied until April 1, 1871, at $8 per month. Tins vvas the first rent paid bj' the academy. The room not being ready for occupancy, our regular meeting, July 25, was held in Mr. Ends's office, front room of same place. Referring again to my diary I find, Mon- day', Aug. 1: "Moved the specimens out of Mr. Eads's office into our academy room this afternoon. This was the old case and its contents which had never been taken from Perr^' street to the library. On July 28 I find : '• Worked at the academy room, moving the books in and arranging them as before in the cases." Our trustees meeting was held there that evening, and the first regular meeting there on Aug. 20, by a little kerosene lamp, which Some of us may remember. March 31, 1871, the diary says: "Commenced carrying our academy things to Odd Fellows Building." This room we rented from that date at S75 a year. On our removal we brought only the CITY OF DAVENPORT. 763 original wide case, two of the regular six-foot cases, three of the closed botanical cases, and the old narrow book-case, formerly be- longing to the Workiiiofnien's Library Association. All of these and twice as many more since added, are now in our west room, and all in tliis room— l(i large cases — have been added during the three and a half years of our residence. This room was not half tilled, more cases were soon needed, and by a special eftbrt, jirinci- pally on tiio part of some lady members and I'riends, "a ladies' furnishing fund " was raised, which soon provided several cases, matting for the floor, curtains, etc. At tiie trustees meeting, Sept. 18, 1S7.5, it was decided to rent an additional room in the rear of this at $5. Lindsay, N. G. ; W. D. Strike, V. G. ; W. F. Baiiin?' was first introduced into I);ivenport in 1S.*^3, by the institution of Davenport Lodge, No. 37, A. F. & A. M. This lodge has now had an honorable career of 29 years, and now numi)ers 157 meml)ers. Its present officers are : George B. Swan, W. M.; Ed. T. Morgan, S. W.; Samuel Porter, J. W. ; Chas. W. Decker, Treas.; J, H. Harrison, Sec; Geo. M. Barrette, S. D. ; John Annable, .Ir.. J. D.;John W. Rickey, S. S.; Wm. L. Dal- zell, Jr., J. S.; Moses Hobbs, J\I. ('.; J. W. Jamison, T. Trinity Lodge, No. 208. .1. E. tt" A. M., was chartered June 5, 1867, and incorparated .Vpril 11, 1S71. It now numbers 88 mem- bers, with the following nan^.ed officers : S. II. Plnmmer, W. M. ; C. N. Peet, S. W.; W. F. Zimmerman, J. W.; G. P. McClelland, Treas.; J. B. Mason, Sec; M. B. Cochran, Chap.; D. F. Povrer, S. D.; L. C. Steir, J. D.; N. Frcy, S. S. ; F. Graham, J. S. ; W. F. Birchard, II. of C; W. G. Jones. T. Tvaternal Lodge, No. 221, A. F. c& A. M., was organized Aug. 27, 1867, under a dispensation granted by the M. W. Grand Mas- ter, Reuben Mickle, dated Aug. 7, 1867. The following were the first officers: James T. Lane, W. M.; James Thorington, S. W.; Chr. Toerring, J. W.; Frank II. Miller, Treas.; John M. Lyter, Sec; Herman Pollock, S. D.; August J. Buck, J. D.; D. C. Roundy, S. S.; Wm. Mark Walter, J. S.; John N. Davis, T. On June 3, 1868, a charter was granted the lodge from the M. W. 766 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Grand Lodge of Iowa. The present officers are: Frank W. Angel, W. M.; John C. Johannsen, S. W.; Hugh Somers, J. W.; F. W. Lerch, Treas. ; E. Weingartner, Sec; J. II. Somers, S. D. ; C. H. Moeller, J. D.; W. H. Bolte, S. S.; C. M. Wittig, J. S.; W. G. Jones, T. J. T. Lane served as AV. M. from 1867 till 1S70, and was suc- ceeded by Chr. Toerring, who served one j-ear when F. W. Angel was elected and has served to the present time. J. M. Lyter was the first secretary and served two years; E. S. Carl was then elected and also served two years. H. C. F. Jansen came next and served for the same period ; E. Weingartner was then elected in 1873, and has annually been re-elected. The lodge numbers 78 members. Davenport Chapter, No. 16, R. A. M., was organized jN'ov. 25, 1856. withH. W. Mitchell, IL P.; Austin Corbin, King, and 0. S. McNeil, Scribe. The chapter has always been in good condition and now has on its roll 108 members. Its present officers are: George R. Marvin, H. P. ; D. B. Shelley, King; W. J. Birchard, Scribe; W. C. Warriner, Treas.; M. D. Snyder, Sec. ; C. H. Peet, C. H. ; A.^ A. Stearns, P. S. ; Fred Lerch, P. A. C. ; J. II. Somers, 3d Veil ; W. F. Zimmerman, 2d Veil ; E. Weingartner, 1st Veil ; W. G. Jones, Guard. St. Simon of Cyrene Commandery, No. 9, K. T., was chartered Sept. 28, 1866. with the following named charter members : C. Stewart Ells, W. F. Peck, O. H. Watson, J. Lewis Drew, J. J. Dixon, D. S. Watson, George II. Carpenter, J. E. Dixon, A. R. Dixon, A. C. Dixon, and W. C. Warriner. Ot this number O. H. Watson, J. J. Dixon, J. E. Dixon, A. C. Dixon have been derait- ted, and D. S. Watson and George H. Carpenter have died. W. F. Peck was the first Commander and George F. Carpenter, Gen- eralissimo. The present officers ai-e Jarvis White, Commander ; A. R. Dixon, Generalissimo ; R. W. K. White, Capt. Gen.; S. H. Plummer, Prelate ; W. C. Warriner, Treas. ; C. J. Brown, Re- cordei'. The membership is about 60. TUENEB SOCIETY. This society was organized Aug. 5, 1852. Christ Mueller was the prime mover in its organization. Theodore Guelich was elec- ted its first President , Charles Witkoff, Secretary ; Christ Mueller, Turnwart ; Louis Hansen, Cassenwart. The society started with 13 members. During the late civil war several of its members went into the army and were killed in battle or died. Since the war it has steadily increased in numbers and interest until it now has 230 members. About two years after the organization of the society, a class for boys and youths up to 18 years was commenced which now numbers 200. About 1871 a class for girls was started, which now numbers about CITY OF DA.TENVOKT. 767 80. A ladies class was established in 1880, which numbers 20 members. The society own their hall, a two-story build- ing, 50 -x 75 feet, lower door of which is used for the gym- nasium, and the upper Hoor for meetings and library purposes. In the hall may be found all tlie apparatus for a complete gymnasium. The library contains about 1,400 volumes. The society also own the theater buihling on the same lot, 100 x 150 feet. The theater proper is 70 x 150, and will seat 1,000 persons. The build- ing is leased by parties who are bound by their contract to kee]i a good dramatic troupe and give perfurnumces seven months in tlie year. The theater is located on the corner of Third and ^Scott streets. Tiie property of the society is estimated at §20,000. iScott Zo(I(/e, iVb. 2, Legion of Honor, was organized in !N[arch, lS7t*, with 50 charter member?. The business and objects of this order are to promote fraternity, afford financial aid and benefit to the widows, orphans, heirs or devisees of deceased members, to assist a brother when sick or needv, in such services as his necessities may require. The motto of the Order is ''Confidence, Prudence and Honor." The order has fiourisiied here, and now numbers 166 members. The present • officers are: Jacob Coehring, P.; J. S. Ports, V. P.; C. C. Camj)- bell, Pi. Sec; J. II. MaxweU, F. Sec; Wm. Thompson, Trens.; George H. Voung and C. II. Schweitzer. U. ; W. II. Ilender, S. SteUa C'c^lleghcm, JVo. 55, V. A. S. Fratern'ity, was organized Dec 1, 1880. Its first officers were : D.B.Shelley, R. ; J. P/ Young, V. K. ; Ed. J. Cameron, S. ; G. E. Maxwell, Q. ; JohnjX. Paxton, U. ; Henry Schweitzer, Spec; George E. Hub- bell, George E. Gould and J. B. Young, C. ; C. G. Jones, Q. R. The object and business of this order is to establish and promote sentiments of fraternity, to afford financial aid and benefit to the widows, orphans, lieirs or devisees of its deceased members, and to give to sick and needy brothers such service and assistance as their necessities may require. The order has been quite prosper- ous, and now numbers 125 members. The present officers are D. B. Shellev, Rector; W. T. Kerr, V. R. ; Edwin D. Cameron, S.; W. L. 'Mnrks, Q.; H. Schweitzer, IT. ; Charles A. Frieie, Spec: George Gould, W. Gromall, W. M. Harris, C. Tlie United Brotherhood of loK-a was organized at Davenport, July 9, 1879, its object being to promote fraternity and to afford financial aid and benefit to the widows, orphans and heirs, or de- visees of deceased members ot the order. D. B. Shelley was the first Grand President, and C. C. Campbell, Grand Secretary. There are now four lodges in this city — Grand, Davenport, No. 2; Gernuinia. Xo. 3; (Vdumbia, No. 4. Tiie membership of the order in the city is about 3nn. There are two lodges of the order of Knights of Pythias in this city. Damon Lodge, No. lu, was instituted June 16, 1871. with the following named charter members: — John Ilalev, E. B. Baldwin, F. Biilips, C. F. W. Meyer. J. W. Jamison, C. E. Moore, L. S. 768 HISTORY OF scorr county. Johnson, W. G. Jones, J. A. Eeid, E. Woodmansee, P. J. Pur" cell, John (Timdaker, J. S. Drake, John Cameron, C. H. Eldridge, C. P. McGee, J. T. Temple. L. A. Worth, W. K. McCrellias, Adam Miller, W. H. Laniphere, J. Malchau, G. Sehnitger. Its first officers were: — John Halev, W. C. ; John Gnndaker, Y. C. ; L. S. Johnson, F. S.; W. R. McCrellias, G. ; J. W. Jamison, V. P.; E. Woodmansee, E. S.;C. H. Eldridge, B.; J. T. Temple, I. S.;C. F. W. Meyer, 0. S. The present officers are:— T. A. Kerr, P. C; J. A. Andrews, C. C; G. W. Strong, V. C; John Gnndaker, K. of K. & S.; John T. Temple, M. of E.; John Cameron, M. of F. ; George Metzger, P.; P. F. Taylor, M. ot A.; Ben Eaphell, I. G. ; Andrew Lyman, O. G. Davenport Lodge, No. 50, was instituted Jan. 29. ISSO. It is in a nour- ishing condition and numbers 81 members. The following named comprises the officers in the spring of 1882: P. C, Henry Wichelmann; C. C, Theo. Eath; Y. C. , August Sebelin; Prelate, John Luetze; M. of F., Fred. Sieh; I. G., Jacob Freimann; O. G. William Ramm; K. of K. A: S., Theo. Martens; M. of E., Christ. Timm; M. of F., Gust, von Dohren. 7he United Order of Ancient Temphtrs was instituted May 8, 1877, and has met with good success, now numbering 78 members. U. A. O. OF DEl'IDS. Teutonia Grove, No. 9, organized May 26, 1878. First officers : Ferdinand Stoteran, P. A. ; Jacob Eolf:^, N. A. ; Crist Jaeger, Y. A. ; Leopold Wichelmann, Sec. ; Charlie Jentch, F. Sec. ; Ernst Euge, Treas. ; August Pott, A. G. Present officers : John J. Peters, P. A. ; Leopold Wichelmann. N. A. ; Henry Hass, Y. A. ; Eudolph Hebbeln, Sec. ; John Hehnke, F. Sec. ; August Pott, Treas. ; Detlef Hansen, L G. ; John Brand, 0. G. ; AVilliam Elilers, Con. Forty members; meets every Friday evening at Washington Pai'k Hall, corner Marquette and Leonard streets. The DavenjMrt Druid Circle. No. 1, was organizeil in March, 1881. The officers are : John Speetzen, P. A. D. ; Jfjhn Peters, A. D. ; Miss Minna Speetzen, 1st Bard ; Charlie Bebensee, 2d Bard; Miss Theresa Langtimm, Sec. ; Miss Johanna Bebensee, Treas. ; Miss Minna Pott, L G. ; Miss Flora Levsen, O. G. ; Lui Levsen, Conductor ; and Cristine Meyer, Conducterin. The lodge numbers about 30 members. They meet tiie last Saturday ex'ening in each month at Washington Park Hall, corner of Marquette and Leonard streets. THE DAVENPORT HIGH SCHOOL ALUMNI SOCIETY was organized in 1872. the first meeting for that purpose being held in the old High School building, cornerof Maine and Sixth streets. James De Armond was elected president of the society for one year, the number of graduates at that time being about 50. The first re-union and banquet of the society was held at the "Newcomb X f Robert -Town SAND- CITY OF DAVENPORT. 771 House " OH Thursday evening, June 26, 1873. It was one of the most successful and pleasant gatherings ever assembled in this city. There appeared to be, and was evident to all. a feeling of great cordiality among all who were jjresent, and such a unity of thought and a degree of genuine i)leasuro at the re-union of per- sons who had been old schoolmates in years gone by, and who now are among the most respected residents of this and other cities, that the occasion could not but be an agreeable one. The society has since that time maintained its annual re-unions and festivals except in 1881, and now numbers some 350 members. The following is a list of the presidents of the society from 1872 to the present time. List of presidents D. H. S. A. : 1872, James M. Dearmond ; 1873. Frank S. Ualcli ; 187-1, Wm. M. Middleton, M. D. ; ) S75, Edwin G. Sawyer ; 1876, Jacob J. Nagle ; 1877, James M. Dearmond , 1878, Charles C. Leslie ; 1879, Charles Davison ; 1880, Alfred D. Churchill ; 1881, John M. Dearmond. BANKS. Li the early years of Davenport there was little need of banks or bankers. Money was very scarce, most of the store bills being paid in produce, and merchants kept about them what money they took in until they went to St. Louis, Cincinnati or Pittsburg to lay in stocks. Otherwise it was sent by letter or boat officers. In 1847 Cook & Sargent opened a bank of deposit and excliange in connection with a general laud agency; this otHce was on tlie cor- ner wliere the First National Bank now stands, which elegant edi- fice was by that firm built in 1857. As to capital, it amounted to but a few thousands. They began on the dawn of improving times and did a prosperous business for 10 years, winding up its busi- ness in 1S59. Through its branch bank at Florence, Neb., where J. M. Parker was partner, they operated a bank of issue, the notes of the bank of Florence having considerable circulation. Mr. Cook died in Davenport a few years since, also Mr. Sargent, in Ems, Germany. The second bank started was that of Macklot & Corbin, on the northwest corner of Second and Brady streets, in 1852, on a capi- tal of $10,000. It was a bank of discount, deposit and excliange, and conducted a prosperous business for about 10 \-ears, when Mr. Austin C'orbiu witiidrew his capital, and the liank was removed to Main street, where it was gradually wound u]) by Louis A. Mack- lot, some time before iiis death. Mr. Corbin conducted an office of his own until 1863, when he organized the First National Bank of Davenport, but removed to New York some four years later and is now the head of the Corbin Banking Companj' of New York and Boston. In 1855 was opened on Main street tlie bank of Yerby ct Bar- row, which in the same year became that of Ciiubb Bro., Barrow & Co., which continued in business until 1858, when it closed. The 45 772 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. same year was opened in same street the bank and land agency ot McGregor, Lawes 6c Blakemore. This bank was operated for abont nine years. On Main street, also, were the exchange and deposit banks of NichoUs ct Campbell and Doolan & Stump in 1857, which were subsequently wound up, as were also the banks of Tollman, Powers & McLean and Raymond & Co., on Brady street. Up to 1858 there had been no banking law in Iowa. That year a banking act was passed by the General Assembly, and a branch ■was established in this city, called the Merchants Branchof the State Bank of Towa, with a capital of $50,000. Its first officers were Geo. L. Davenport, President; B. B. Woodward, Cashier. Its office was on the southeast corner of Main and Second streets. The bank did a prosperous business, but in 1805, after having increased its capital to $100,000, and erected the banking house now occupied by the Davenport National Bank, was merged with the Davenport National Bank, which had just organized, with a capital of $100,000, and. abandoning its State charter for a national, became the Daven port National Bank of to-day. The First National Bank was organized ne 27. 1863, with a capital of $10i ',000. Its organization papers were the first to be filed in Washington under the national banking act, and would have had the first charter issued, but for some informality in the papers which required them to be returned for correction. This loss of time placed it at No. 15 on the list. Its first board of directors were Koyal L. Mack, Geo. S. C. Dow, Thos. Scott, J. E. Stevenson, Geo. H. French, James Armstong, Frank H. Griggs, John Schmidt, Austin Corbin. Its first president was Austin Corbin, who was succeeded in the presidency by Ira M. Giflord, Iliram Price, James Thompson, Chas. E. Putnam and T. T. Dow. The first cashier was Ira M. GifFord who was succeeded by D. C. Porter, Wm. H. Price, D. C. Porter, L. G. Gage and John B. Fidlar. The following condensed statement shows its financial career: STATEMENT JAN. 2, 1804 — RESOURCES. Loans and discounts I 08,442 69 U. S. Bonds 20,960 00 Cash 1.53,007 46 Due from banks and U. S. Treasurer. 114,383 68 Furniture and fixtures 415 34 Total 1387,809 17 LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in | 55,210 00 Undivided profits 3,525 06 Due U. S. Treasurer 35,005 38 Deposits 294,068 78 Total .t387,809 17 CITY OF DAVENPORT. 773 STATEMENT JAN. 2, 1882— RESOURCES. Loans and discounts $529,669 16 U. S. bonds : 50,000 00 Banking House 20,000 00 Cash 137,913 27 Due from banks and U. S. Treasurer 89,078 21 Total 1816,660 64 LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in $100,000 00 Surplus and undivided profits 100,821 76 Circulation 4.5,000 00 Deposits .570,838 88 Total $816,660 64 The present directors are Walker Adams, James Thompson, T. T. Dow, A. Bnrdick, Henry W. Kerker, L. Scliricker, J. E. Stev- enson, L. C. Dessaint, Nat. Frencli, August Stetien, Henry Kolirs. The Davenport National Bank was organized as before stated. Its capital §200.000. The original directors were Hiram Price, A. J. Preston, Lorenzo Schricker, J. H. Berryhill, Eobert Lowrj, C. S. Watkins, Geo. L. Davenport, John Owens, Samuel Hirschl. The first president was A. J. Preston, who was succeeded by Geo. L. Davenport, B. P>. "Woodward and E. S. Ballord. The first vice- president was J. n. Berryhill, who was succeeded by E. S. Ballord and S. T. Smith. The first cashier wasC. S. Watkins, succeeded by B. B. AVoodward and Geo. E. Maxwell. The present directors are W. D. Peterson, Geo. PI. French, H. Price, L. Schricker, E. S. Ballord, I. H. Sears, W. Eenwick, S. F. Smith, John P. Phelps. THE CITIZENS NATIONAL BANK was organized March Is, 1S6S, and opened with charter No. 1,671 at southwest corner of Brady and Second streets, with a capital of $100,000. Its first directors were L. B. Meyers, Thos. M. Mc- Clelland, W. C. Wadsworth, Jona. S. Smith, George E. Wood, D. N. Richardson, and George H. Parker. Its first president was Moses Kelly, wlio was succeeded by W. C. Wadsworth, C. Stewart Ells, and Frank II. Griggs. Its vice-president was J. S. Smith, who was succeeded by Robert Krause. Its cashier was A. O. Butler, wlio was succeeded by J. C. Conklin, C. Stewart Ells, Hugo Schmidt, and E. T. Carl. It was removed to the northwest corner Main and Second streets, in 1S72 and its board increased from nine to eleven. The subjoined condensed statement shows its financial careerfor 1872— 1882: 774: HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. FEB. RESODRCBS. Loans and Discounts ^ 320,604.30 United States Bonds IIG 000.00 Furniture 3,600.00 Premiums 8,070.59 Due from Banks 35,583.04 Cash 56,631.37 $440,478.30 2, 1872. LIABILITIES. Capital Stock ■ | 100,000.00 Surplus 3,000.00 Undivided Profits 3,093.33 Circulation 90,000.00 Deposits 343,784.94 .$440,478.30 FEB. 3, 1872. Loans and Discounts $ 656,248.56 United States Bonds 100,000.00 Due from Banks 258,882.61 Cash 119,950.16 $1,135,081.33 Capital Stock $100,000.00 Surplus 75, 5 . a: =^ < January 1st, 1871 " " 1872 1 12,000 00 12,000 00 18,000 00 18,000 00 54,000 00 54,000 00 60,000 00 60,000 00 60,000 00 72,000 00 84,000 00 90,000 00 $ 1,200 00 8,400 00 1,800 00 13,140 00 6,480 00 12,840 00 7,200 00 7,200 00 19 200 00 '■ 1873 " 1874 " 1875 " 1876 " 1877 " 1878 " 1879 " 1880 " 1881 " 1882 9,360 00 16,080 00 Total $102,900 00 Of above dividends, $39,000 were stock dividends and applied on capital. Thus, of the present paid-up capital of the bank, only $51,000 was paid in cash. The steady increase in the deposits of the bank, and the accu- mulation of its assets, will be strikingly illustrated by the follow- ing annual statements, viz. : DATE. DEPOSITS. ASSETS. January 1st, 1871 " 1872 " 1873 " 1874 " 1875 •' 1876 " 1877 " 1878 " 1879 $124,240 26 259,960 90 392,264 11 333,477 06 400,310 85 408,095 98 453,225 53 431,506 36 456,338 41 613,148 08 664,597 73 905,-567 18 •1139,300 56 276,513 04 411,303 03 360,343 45 460,321 85 531,239 40 537,638 48 498,024 06 538,397 15 " 1880 " 1881 " " 1882 693,151 .35 760,886 04 1,018,093 33 Interest at the rate of six percent, per annum, compounded quar- terly, was paid on all deposits in the bank up to September, 1S79, and since that date, live per cent, per annum for all full calendar months has been allowed. Thus, the large aggregate of $243,- 573.48 has been paid, as interest ou deposits, since the organiza- tion of the bank. Tlie number of open accounts in bank Jan. 1, 1SS2, was 2,084, and the deposit that day, $905,567.18, thus giving an average deposit to each account of $434.53. CITY OF DAVENPORT. 777 MANUFACTORIES. MILLING. Lumber was amono; the first needs of the settlers. Beams could be obtained from tlie forests, but boards were almost a necessity. Lumber for doors and sash was brought by boat around from Cin- cinnati, but this was only within the means of the few; the many must haul in hard-wood logs to the mill and have boards sawn with which to finish their cabins. The pineries of the North were as yet undeveloped, and the use of steam too ex]iensive to be then considered. The first mills were saw-mills run by water. It was Capt. Benj. Clark, the first settler in the county, who built the first saw-mill — built it at the mouth of Duck Creek, 15 miles up the river from his home in Buffalo. He wanted lumber to improve his town site, the first to be located, and so got material, secured the needful machiner}^ from St. Louis, dammed the then more plentiful waters of the creek, and sawed the first lumber made in these parts. This was in 1834. The lumber was rafted at tiie mill and floated down the Mississippi to Buffalo, wiiile yet there was but a cabin or two in Davenport. The mill was a great blessing to the community and enabled not a few to siielter tiieir families more comfortably. Most of the early houses of Buti:alo were built of lumber from this mill. Mr. Clark sold the mill to Doolittle, Moss & Co. In 183S the firm became Doolittle cfe Bradley, the other partners having been bought out by a new comer named Horace Bradley, yet one of the most thrifty residents of the county. The mill made some money for the new firm; at least, when some seven years later Mr. Bradley concluded to go to farming, he had S500 in cash to invest. The first mill was abandoned after Mr. Braoley left it, and but a slight trace remains. Mr. Doolittle was here but a short time, residing principally in the East. In 1S3.J Samuel Hedges built a mill on Crow Creek, where that stream is crossed by " ^liddle Road." Crow Creek was more of a stream then than now, now that farm improvements and removal of woodland have sapped its sources. The mill did a fair business for some time; but not bringing promised success was abandoned, not, however, before tlie despondent owner had suspended his body from one of its roughly hewn beams. In 1837 ilr. Hedires at- tempted to retrieve his fortunes by ]>utting in a run of stone to grind grain; but this also proved a failure. In 183S Samuel Parker, a poineer from Pepperell, Mass., invested in a five-acre mill site on Duck Creek, back of what is now known as Camp McClellan, and taking in Isaac Hawley and William Eldridge as partners, the firm built a good saw-mill. That it did not prosper was owing to a lack of water and logs, Tliis circum- stance led to the abandonment of the enterprise and the demolitioQ 778 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. of the mill in a year or two after its erection. In same year Stephen Henley and R. H. Spencer built a small saw-mill at month of Crow Creek, but it was of only four years' duration. In the same year the Quinn Mill was built at Pleasant City, a village that had been started on section 9, Win Held township, by John Owens, merchant, and others. Like the village of which it was a part, it did business at small profit for a year or two, and then disappeared. In 1851 or 1852 Jabez Hitchcock built a wing- dam saw-mill at "the Hocks," on the Mississippi, near the present "Watkins Place," but the ice"swept the investment into the chan- nel of the Mississippi before any great results had been achieved. In 1842 Thomas Wood built a grist-mill and distillery on the river bank in Davenport, near the lower saw-mill. He ground corn for the farmers and distilled corn into whisky. The invest- ment was not sufficiently profitable to encourage the enterprise, so it ended in a few years. This was the first and, so far as is known, the last whisky distillery in Davenport. It was 10 years after the date of the last water-power mill that the first steam saw-mill was put in operation in this vicinity, to saw rafted logs, that by 1848 were being brought fom the Wiscon- sin pineries. This mill was built by a Mr. McCarthy, on a river site, between Gaines and Warren streets. Mr. McCarthy died in the same year, or the next, and a tirm named Rhodes & Perrin then operated it; afterward Mead, Smith & Marsh. Finally, in 1857, it being then the property of James Grant, it was improved and worked for a year or two by Grant & Kimball; then stood still for several years, went to ruin, and was finally destroyed by fire. In 1849 a Mr. Howard erected the lower mill at Davenport, which, in a year or two, came into the possession of Alex McGregor, who, in 1854, sold them to John M. Cannon, and later into the firm of Cannon & French, wliich firm was succeeded by French & Davies; then by John L. Da vies & Son, and is now the property of Paige. Dixon & Co. Its cut in 1868 amounted to 7,000,000 feet, and in 188], 13,000,000. In 1849 Strong Burnell built a large saw and planing mill on Front street, between Scott and Ripley. In 1851 he took into partnership S. S. Gillett and J. H. Lambrite. The firm did a large business here and in the pineries until 1858, when' it failed, and the mill remained idle until it was started np a year or two after by G. K. Barce. who, after a run of a few years, sold it to Dessaint & Schricker in 1865. In 1868 tli« firm became Schricker & Mueller, and so remains. It cut 5,000,000 feet of lumber in 1868, and in 1881, 13,000,000 feet. In 1850 a mill was built in East Davenport by Robert Christie, which was in operation until 1868, when it was purchased by D. Stanchfield, who ran it a year or two. It was destroyed by fire in 1862. CITY OF DAVENPORT. 779 In 1S54- the mill of Ilenwick it Son was built by tliat firm, and has been run b}' them until within a few years past when the tirm became Kenwiek, Shaw A: Crossott. The lumber cut at the mill in ISoS was 4,000,000 feet, and in 1S81, 14,500,000 feet. In 1S56 l^osworth A: Alien erected a mill, corner of Front and Warren streets, which was operated by several parties, and de- stroyed by tire in 1858. In 1867 Lindsay it Phelps built a mill in East Davenport which is still run by thai tirni. In ls6S the lumber cut was 2,500,000 feet. In 18(jS L. C. Dessaint built a saw-mill in East Davenport which began operation in the sjrino; of 1809. Three years later he sold it to Price, Horn ley it Kehoe — and two years later Mr. Kehoe sold his interest to his partners, and John Hornley and Geo. W. Cable leased the mill of the owners. The tirm of Hornley (fr Cable was dissolved by the death of the former in 1879, since which time is has"been operated by the Cal)le Lumber Company. Its cut in 1881 was 12,.325.000 feet. There have been two steam saw-mills in Le Claire, one owned and run by Alfred Jansen in 1854, and for some years later. It was destroyed by tire. The other built in 1856 by Davenport it Eogers was an unsuccessful enterprise, and the mill was removed else- where. In Le Claire, also, was a wing dam mill, which was later turned into a grist-mill, in which capacity it is now operated. At Buffalo a steam saw-mill was built in 1854 by Shue Bros. It was torn down in 1881 to make way for the track of the South- western Railroad. It wasa mill of the smaller class. Bread is very much the statt'of life in a new country. Previous to 1835 what settlers there were in this county got their milling from afar, the nearest gristmill being on Henderson River back of Oquaka, 50 miles away; or had their meal and tiour brought up from St. Louis. In 1835 a grist-mill was built on Crow Creek where it is crossed by the river road to Le Claire. It was the enterprise of Llaskell it Davis, 16x18, of hewn logs, one run of stones cut from prairie boulders, and a set of bolts. This served a purpose in a plain and gritty way until 1838 when it was abandoned and the timbers soldtoA. ('. Fulton, who split them into fence rails. This was the only grist-mill of its class that we have any rec- ord of. In 1836 John- H. Sullivan got out material for a steam tiour and saw mill that went into operation in Rockingham in 18.37. It was a strung building and nin in fhc custom and ship])ing line — aft'ord- ing thefarmers a needt d hmne market for their grain. The saw-mill part was of small imjiDrtance; it did a good business, running until 1847 when it was determined fully that Rockingham was to be no more a place upon the map. Two years of its time it was run by J. M. D. Burrows, which was his first milling experience in this county. A part of the maciiinery was bought by John Coleman & 780 HISTORY OF scorr county. and used to run his boat the '' Mary C," the first and perhaps the last steamer built for river traffic in this county. The frame was bought by the late Rev. James Gilruth, with which he built a barn on his farm north of this city. In 1836 D. C. Eldridge brought some horse-power mills, "Gentry's Metallic,'' from Cincinnati, one of which he set up near his store on brimstone corner (Front and Ripley), Davenjjort. Tiie grinding was done in an imperfect manner, the machine run by as many horses as the owner of the grist chose to put on. It is related of Ebenezer Cook that grinding a sack of corn with his old mare was the work of a full day. Two more of these mills were sold bj' Mr. Eldridge to a Prarie du Chien party for a pair of mules and a wagon. The former went and drowned themselves in the Mississippi, and the latter brought the seller .$30. The remaining one was bought by David Miller, who worked it by mill power out on the Long Grove road at the Hull farm, with such poor success that a pair of boots were taken in satisfaction of the purchase price. The first steam fiouring-mill built in Davenport went into operation in January, 184S. It was the old " Albion," on FroTit street, cornering on Perry, built of brick, 43 x 38, and three stories high. It was begun by Ambrose C. Fulton in lS-16, but before completion, he sold it to Burrows 6z Prettyman. It was enlai'ged and im]jroved by that firm several times, and cost them man}- thousand dollars. Its highest capacity was 300 barrels of flour daily. It was consumed by fire in 1863, and was not rebuilt. Having sold the Albion Mills, Mr. Fulton immediately set about building the yEtna Mills, alongside. They are of wood, the principal dimensions 57x60, tliree stories, with a engine liouse annex, 50x27 and three run of stone. The mills were completed and fiour made on the 15th day of January, 1848, and this was the first steam-mill gristground in Davenport. The time occupied in the erection of this mill was five months and twenty -two days. When the excavation for foundations was begun, the lumber of which it was to be built was gi'ovving in the forest, the stone was yet unquarried, and the brick not yet molded. It was considered a ver}' enterjjrising feat. On its opening a great banquet was served in the second story of the mill b}' tlie appreciative citizens, in which 300 persons participated, and on which occasion speeches were made by James Grant, and others. Mr. Grant, among other things, stated to the assembled multitude that he had but just arrived home from Iowa City, where the State Legislature was in session, and tliat that body had just granted a charter for a railroad from Davenjjort to Council Blufis, which information was received with three hearty cheers. More sjjeeches, toasts, and responses followed and the first flour-mill was duly dedicated. It cost about §11,000. Mr. Fulton operated his mill a year or so, and then leased it to Mack- lot, Inslee & Davenport, who used it another, when it came into CITY OF DAVENPORT. 781 the hands of the owners of the Albion Mills who swapped the machinery with Davenport ct Rogers, of Le Claire, for Credit Island. The machinery was atterward used in Swan Mills, Le Claire. In 1S53 the ^Etna was demolished to make room for Burrows Block. In IS-i-i Richard Smetham built a mill at the corner of Ripley and Front streets to grind kiln-di-ied corn meal, which he pro])osed to ship to the Liverpool market, but the enterprise, as did one or two later ones of the same particular character, came to naught. In 1853 Davenport & Rogers built the Swan Mills at Le Claire, using the machinery taken from the ^Etna Mills, Davenport. This mill was afterward run by Terhnne ik Grout, and burned down some vears after. In 1S53 Mr. Wm. II. Hildreth built the Economy Flour Mills at East Davenport. The structure was of stone, the machinery of latest improvment — four run of burrs. It was first operated by Hildreth ik D.dlam, afterward by George T. Elliot, but, proving "a thriftless venture, was finally sold to be converted into a brewery, and is now run as such by Messrs Koehler 6c Linge. of Arsenal Brewery. This brewery fiim came into possession also of a tlour mill built alongside by Squires, Christie A: Iloatli in 18.56, which was likewise a financial failure, and changed hands to be used as stated. In 1855 Spencer & Staflord, two thrifty farmers in Pleasant Val- ley township, invested .^12,000 in a large brick flour-mill at Valley City. They hauled the coal and most of their grain from Daven- port, and liauled the flour back again to Davenport to be shi]iped. The mill mined its builders, and afterward was run on lease ; finally came into the hands, ot Mr. .Mitchell, of Rock Island, and after being run a while and standing idle more or less, it was fi- nally' destroyed by fire. In 1S56 John Jackson, a well-to-do farmer just north of Daven- port, invested several thousand dollars in a flour-mill on his farm. It was run by him two or three years, proved a failure, ruined Farmer Jackson, and was abandoned. Farmer Nicholas J. Ruseh built a flour-mill, driven by wind-power, on his farm six miles out of Davenport, on the Dubuque road. It consumed ^8,000 of his capital, and after running and idling for seven or eight years be- came food for the flames. In the same year Green, Gillett&Co. built a flour-mill im Second street. Davenjjort, between Scott and Ripley streets, which did food for eight years, and then burned down ; and in the same year mith's wing-dam saw-mill in Le Claire was ])rovided with flouring apparatus. Steam-power has since been added, and it is one of the mills of to day. In 1S57 Jacob Wever, Jr., built a patent flour-mill on the south- west corner of Third and Perry streets which was not a success, and the machinery was removed elsewhere. The same year Fredk. 782 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Hothstein built a steam ilour-mill in Allen's Grove, which prov- ing unprolitable, was by him in 1862 removed over to the AVapsie in Clinton County, where it is yet run as a proiitable water-power mill. Out at Blue Grass, in the same year, M. Donahue, of Davenport, built a flour-mill, which he operated at a loss for a few years, then removed it to Davenport, by Donahue &: Stribling, and afterward became well-known as Johnston's mill; later on it was sold to II. P. Beattie who enlai-ged and operated it as the Ex- celsior Mills until ls79, when it burned down, and was b}' him re- built on an improved plan as the Phceni.x Mills, but soon fell into the hands of the Phanix Mill Company, organized by F. II. Griggs, E. S. Carl, F. T. Bluuck, Henry Pahl and Robert Krause. In August, 1881, when almost ready for business, it was consumed by Are, but was again erected larger and with yet flner equipment, with latent improved roller machinery, at an expense of §75,000. It has a capacity of 400 barrels per day. In 18.57 A. Nugent built a brick flour-mill in Le Claire, which was operated by difl'erent parties for several years, and then passed out of use. A grist-mill was built in Princeton in 1859, and was operated by Steffle & Penner, but was destroyed by Are some 20 years ago. In 1860 J. i^yce & Co. built 'a mill in Fulton's block, " Perry street, which was operated but a year or two. In 18G2 D. A. Barrows built a mill on the levee cornering on Perry street, which proved a failure on his hands. It was after- ward run for awhile by several parties, but in 1867 came into the hands of J. M. D. Burrows, in whose possession it bui-ned. Meredith &: Lockwood built the Davenport City Mills on Front street, east of Le Claire street, in 1867, which, after some time, was operated by a stock company, but suspended operations in 187^. In 1863' J. M. D. Burrows brought in the Allolessa Mill and erected it on Fifth and Harrison streets, on the site of a burned elevator. It did good business for some years; then burned, and was not rebuilt. In 1868 Dow, Gilman & Hancock built the Crescent Mills at Fourth and Le Claire streets, which are yet in full operation, largely increased in capacity since its building. It is a roller- mill, costing §60,000, with a capacity of 300 barrels daily. In con- nection with this mill is the elevator on Fifth and Shernuin streets, with a capacity of 55,000 bushels. In 1873 "Winn & Blagrove built a flour-mill on Harrison street, above Sixth, which in 1877 came into the hands of Warnebold & Wittenberg, which has recently been remodeled into a roller-mill at a total cost of $25,000, and has a capacity of about 200 barrels per day. The Davewport Oat-Meal Mills were introduced in 1879, and first occupied the northeast corner of Front and Brady, and oper- ated by a stock company with a capital of §50,000. The iirst CITY OF nAVKM'ORT. 783 Board of Directors were: J. II. Mui-phy, President; J. F. O'Con- nor, Vice-President; X. C. Martin. Secretary; J. II. Murnliy, J. F. O'Connor, S. M. Williams, N. C. Martin, Tiios. Johnson, Directors, The mills were burned in 1881, and the old Biirtis House property purchased and remodeled for the enterprise. The capital stock was all paid up and a new board elected, consisting of F. H. Griggs, F. II. Miller, N. Petersen, J. H. Mur])hy and j: F. O'Con- nor. It has a capacity of 100 barrels daily. The Davenport Woolen Milh were established here in 1S63 by Josejih Shields, and were operated with success from tiie start, and enlarged from year to year until the proprietor had invested $60,00U. They were overtaken by misfortune in 1878, in the sum- mer of which year Mr. Shields died, and the establishment fell into the hands of the Davenport National Bank, which leased it out to Jennings, Brady A: Tearing, and afterward sold it to a stock com- pany. The cajntat stock is §40,000. It was the first mill of the kind, and the last, that has been operated in the county. jRenwick'^ Saw-Mill was built by Renwick & Son in 1854, and has been rebuilt and improved several times since. The son, Will- iam Renwick, ])urLdiased his father's share in 1859, and the mill was conducted by him until the spring of 1875 when it was leased to Renwick, Shaw it Crassett; it has been enlarged and improved under their uninagement. It was rebuilt and new ma- chinery put in. in the winter of 1879-'S0, also new boilers and new enjjines put in in the winter of ISSO-'Sl. They get their logs mostly from the Chippewa and Black Rivers, and own pine forests, whicti they have cut. When the mill was first built it had a ca- pacity of 12,001) a day; now has from 110 to 130 thou.-and. They employ 160 men in the mill yards and ]ilaning mill. Their annual expenses amount to >>8U0, 000, excluding what they pay their wood cutters. The mill has been in operation every year but one since it was erected. DAVENPORT GUIOOSE MANITFAOTUEING COMPANY. In tlie tall of 1872 II. G. Weinert had succeeded in producing grape sugar out ofcorn starch in sm dl quantities on a cooking stove, and laid his results and samples before the Board of Trade who ap- pointed R. Krause, N. Kuhnen and Thomas Scott as committee to examine into merits, etc. They sent samples of the grape sugar to 40 or 50 wine growers, beer brewers and to Prof. Henrickson, and all answers came favorable. A conipiny was foi'mcd with a capital of .s20,00u bv II. G. AVeinert, F. II". Grigjrs, H. II. An- dresen, R. Krause, Otto Albrecht, IT. O. SeitVrt, X. Kuhnen, John S. Davis, Geo. L. Davenport, J. II. Murphv,G. Schlegel; buildings and machinery were constructed ut\der H. G. Weinert, superin- tendent, and after having operated about 15 months the company 784 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. suspended operation?, having sunk over §15,000. In tlie fall ot 1874 Mr. L. r. Best, the present superintendent, opened correspond- ence representing himself as an expert in the manufacture of grape sugar and glucose and offered to invest .§.3,000 if the company would furnish the balance of needed capital. A new company was formed on a basis of $30,000 and new works constructed. This company operated about two years without material success, but it satisfied interested parties that it could be made a success, and a new building, five-story brick, and new machinery were erected and the capital ddubled to §60,000 in the summer of 1876. The enterprise now became self-sustaining; was consuming 700 bushels corn daily and had accumulated by July, 1877, quite a surplus when the works were destroyed by fire, which wiped out nearly all accumulations but left the capital intact and paid the old stock- holders the first cash dividend of 6i- per cent. The stockholders, having great confidence in the gi-owiug demand of the product, at once resolved to rebuild on a greatly increased capacity, and work was begun immediately clearing away the debris, and in six months from the day of the fire the new works were again in oper- ation with a daily consume of 2,(100 bnshels of corn. Since then until the present time there have been large buildings and im- proved machinery added until the full capacity of the works to- day amounts to 3,300 bushels corn daily consume. The company increased its capital stock to §200,000, on Jan. 1, 1881, and tit present employs a capital of over §300,000, and consumed in the year 1881 about 700,000 bushels corn. The works consist of four and six story brick buildings and have a floor room of 131,000 square feet, besides corn-crib capacity for 150,000 bushels, and give steady employment to 75 hands, besides four teams. office help, and about 25 coopers making barrels and kegs. The quantity and quality of water being of gi'eat importance the company have sunk two artesian wells, one to a depth of 960 feet, which flows about 300 gallons of water per minute, and a second, now over 1,500 feet deep, throwing about 450 gallons of excellent pure water per min- ute, and this well when finished is expected to force the water through stand pipes to the top of the highest building at the rate of 500 gallons per minute. The standard quality of the grape sugar, glucose and table sirups, of the Davenport Glucose Manu- facturing Company has a wide reputation and is being sold to all the principal cities in the United States, and when corn is ruling at average price can be successfully exported to Europe and Aus- tralia. The works have nine large boiler engines of 250 horse- power and consume about 6,000 tons of coal per aimum and 400 tons of coke. MARBLE, COAL, AND LIME WORKS. McCosh & Donahue established this business in 1860. The marble works are situated at 211 Perry, the lime and coal office at e CITY OF DAVENPORT. 785 314 East Tliird street. They employ from 15 to 20 men ; tliey make lime at Le Claire and East Davenport, beginning the manufacture of that article in 18SI. They do an enormous business, the annual wholesale and retail sales aggregating $l-it;(,000. They do all kinds of marble and granite work. Combined sale of marble, lime, cement, and coal. BOARD OF TRADE. The Board of Trade of the city of Davenport was organized in 1S67. Its object and aims are to collect and record such local and general statistical information relating to commerce and manufact- ures as may promote the interest of Daven])ort, and to protect and advance the welfare of the commercial and manufacturing and all other classes of citizens, to promote the just and equitable prin- ciples ia trade, and to establish uniformity in the commercial usages of the city. There are two classes of members: one class consists of large manufactures, wholesale dealers and large capital- ists, who pay the sum of $10 annually. Professional men and others not included in the above class pa}' the sum ot $5 annually. The following are the present officers : A. F. Williams, Pres.; F. H. Hancock, First Vice-Pres. ; Geo. P. Mc- Clelland, Second Vice-Pres.; L. F. Parker, Sec; W. C. "Wads- wortii. Trea?.; Directors: — -A. F. "Williams, Geo. II. French, W. C. Wadsworth, W. D. Peterson, J. B. Phelps, W. S. Brown, F: H. Hancock. Geo. P. McClelland. S. F. Gilinan, R. Krnse, Fred. Mel- chert, and L. F. Parker. We copy from the Annual Report of the Board of Trade in this city the following statistics, showing the progress of business in the different branches of trade up to the close of the year. •'The footings in some ot the principal branches of trade, for the \ear endine Dec. 31, 1857, show an aggregate in the same of §U,4S5,S12'.21. Of this amount §S,539,'71:4.2S have been bank- ing and exchange; 82 628,002 57 sales of merchandise; 81,158.000 sales of grain and provisions ; $353,000 of sales of consign- ments and forwarding; 8751,059 manufacturing not estimated in sales; $-t50,029 on freight and cartage; 8555,406 39 lumber, doors, sash, etc. The banking department shows an aggregate of $6,616,737.34 for exchange, and, 81.923,006.94 for discounts. The sales of merchandise, together with the stock on hand, show as follows: SALES. STOCK. .Vgricultural Implements | 25,000 00 $ 12,000 Baou and Shoes 72,000 00 34,000 Books, Wall Paper, etc 34,000 00 12,000 Bakery, Confectionery, etc 8,000 00 3,000 Clothing 103,700 00 61,000 Dry Goods 600.002 57 164,500 Furniture, Mattresses, Carpeting 89,000 00 44,-300 Groceries 771,!;i00 00 163,000 786 HISTORY OF SOOTT COUNTY. Hardware, Iron and Nails 264,500 00 120.500 Hals, Caps aad Furs 34,000 60 14,000 Jewelry, Watches, etc 2".000 00 18,500 Leather and Saddlery Hardware 87,000 CO 24,200 Millinery 42000 00 12,700 Drucs Paints, Oils, etc 70,000 00 35,300 Queeasware 25,000 00 18,000 Stoves, House Furnishing, etc, 125,000 00 44,000 Assorted Merchandise 116,200 00 16,000 Tobacco and Cigars 59,000 00 14,000 Wines and Liquors 13,500 00 7,000 Total Stock on hand $818,700 Owing to the monetary difficulties, which came upon its so sud- denl}' in October there has been a falling off in all branches of trade. In no department have the figures been so affected as in bankino'. During 60 of the last 90 days, exchange has not been procurable at any price, or under any circumstances, except in very small sums. Notwithstanding this, our local business has suffered far less diminution than was at first apprehended. Careful inquiries have developed the fact beyond dispute that, during the last few months, we have had important accessions to our trade, from various sections of the country hitherto tributary to other points. It is presuming very little to say, that the ac- quaintances thus formed cannot but result mutually advantageous. Whether the first introduction was the result of purely superior inducements in stock and prices, which our merchants are ever ready to offer, or more directly the effect of the local currency, that has been so exclusively the agent of our transactions, is not left for decision here, and, indeed, it is no matter; havinggaiued so much of a point, it only remains to retain it. The high price of exchange has operated more manifestly upon the stocks of grocers, in the articles of coffee, sugar and molasses, and has maintained the price of these articles, at quotations much above the ordinary margin between this and Eastern and Southern markets. The indications being favoraVile tor a speedy equaliza tion of funds, we may reasonaljly hope for an improvement in these articles and a corresponding increase of sales of the same. The estimates of grain and provisions exhibit as follows: IsTMBEK. VALDE. Bushels Wheat 1,019,005 ■ $509,000 " Barley 34.000 13,600 Barrels Flour 175,800 879,000 Tons shipped stufl' 8,640 129,600 Bushels of Potatoes 20,000 5,000 " Onions 25,000 .12,000 Barrels Pork 3,500 52,000 Tierce Bacon 1,280 33,000 Of all the wheat received during the comprised period, there ■were manufactured into flour 879,000 barrels. ■^ cA(T:M^M4yuli££j V5vj5(;'- ^ /-^ (€■ (^^-^yl^ CITY OF DAVENPORT. 789 The nuinber of hogs i)acked at this point was 13,000. Tlie estimated value of the same after allowing fur the wheat, etc. is $1,158,000., The commission and forwarding business, with an aggregate of $353,000, sliows an advance for freight and ciiarges of $150,000. The following list of different branches of manufacture shows for: Agricultural Implements $4!),000 Boots ami Shofs 20,000 Book Binding, Printing, etc 108,000 Bakeries and Conlectionery 33,000 Clothing 28,000 Carriages, Wagons, etc 87,000 Furniture and Mattresses 07,000 Plows, Castings and Iron Work 205,130 Paints, Oils, etc 4,000 Stove Furnishing, etc, 10,000 Cooperage 105,130 Lumber, Sash, etc, 335,154 Flour, Feed, etc, 957,000 Hog Product 113,7.50 Sundrj- Manufactures 32,90!) There are few points in the West where the manufacture of flour is more largely engaged in. The value of this dej)artment alone approximates $1,000,000, while tiie brands of the difierent mills enjoy an enviable reputa- tion ill foreign markets. DAVENPORT PRODUCE EXCHANGE. Early in January, 1882, a reorganization of the Board of Trade was ettectod, and upon a new basis. The former fees of member- ship were $10 per annum. This fee was changed to $10 and $5, the latter rate admitting a number who had no intert^st in the grain, milling, produce or packing industries. This left, the representatives of these industries in the minority, and the Board of Trade determined not to furnish mirket reports. As the obtaining of miirket rejjorts was one of the principal objects of the organization tor the grain, milling, produce and packing representatives, they were forced to abandon the Board ot Trade and thereupon organized the Davenport Produce I]xchange on Jam 23, 18S2. Tiiis Exchange has a membership of 52 The membership fees are $30 and $15. Total amount sub.scribed to date, $1,135. The Exchange receives daily telegraiihic market reports from Chicago every 15 minutes, from New York, Milwaidvee, St. Louis and Liverpool. The Excliange room is supplied with price currents from the prineijial markets, and the leading daily news- papers. The officers of the Exchange for 1882 are : Pres. T. T. Dow, Vice-Pres., Fred Melchort ; 'Directors, IL P. AVheeler, F. H. Hancock, John Kuch, Henry Kohrs, E. Hickman, W. H. 46 790 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Decker, J. S. Gilmore ; Arbitration Committtee, B. Glaspell, L. Haller, D. B. Sears ; Board of Appeals, Jno. F. i)o\v, Lucas Euhl, "W. E. H. Alexander ; Treasurer, S. F. Gilman ; Secretary, F. S. Eutherford. STREET RAILROADS. The city of Davenport has two lines of street railway. The first, the Davenport City Eailway Company, was organized in 1867 and constructed in 1S6S; was known as the Third street line, extend- ing east and west the entire length of the city. The first directors of this line were A C. Fulton, John L. Swits, Ira M. Gifford, Thos. Scott, Joseph Shields, Chas. E. Putnam, B. B. "Woodward, H. E. Claussen and James Armstrong; A. C. Fulton, first presi- dent. The road is now operated by Mr. Henry Schnitger, who holds a 10 years' lease. The other .organization is known as the Davenport Central Eailway Co., and was organized and con- structed, November, 1870. The street cars began running about July, 1871, from the corner of Second and Brady streets to the Fair Grounds. Subsequently a branch was built from the corner of Fifteenth and Brady streets to Mississippi avenue in East- Davenport; also a branch from corner of Grand avenue and Fif- teenth street to Oak Dale Cemetery; another from the corner of Sixteenth and Brady streets to the Washington Garden, West Davenport. The present officers are as follows: James Grant, President; George Murry, Yice-Pres. ; S. F. Smith, Treas. ; 0. S. McNeil, Sec; Directors, James Grant, D. jST. Eichardson, Geo. Murry, Whit. M. Grant, S. F. Smith, E. D. Meyers, O. S. McNeil, W. E. Haight, Geo. H. Parker. The road is now operated by J. M. Davies, who leased the road for a term of 10 years, be- ginning April 1, 1877. WATER-WORKS. As a city grows, the question of a water supply becomes an im- portant one. The city being unable to do anything, Michael and Peter Donahue, the former of Davenport and the latter of Cali- fornia, undertook the erection of water-works in this city, and organized Jan. 1.3, 1873, and took active personal control of the whole financial and mechanical details of the enterprise. They proceeded at once to the work, and on the first day of Janu- ary, 187-1, less than one year after, started the pumps of the Davenport Water-Works. These pumps were 17 inches in di- ameter, six-feet stroke, and engines 22 inches in diameter, 36-inch stroke, with 15 miles of pipe laid down in the streets. There are now 22 miles of main, and private consumers are constantly increasing. A. H. Sanders says of the works, in a pamphlet published in 1874: CITY OF DAVENPORT. 791 "The water is better for all ordinary purposes than any other whicli has heretofore been used hero. It is taken from the cliannel of the Mississippi River, by means of a conduit cut in tlie rock under tlie bed of the river, 150 feet from the shore. Tlie expense of tlie cofferdam to iiccomplisli this great work to secure perfectly pure water, away from the influence of the sewerage of the city, was more than the whole cost of water- works at some places. Tiie main pipes from the works are 1-i inches In diameter, and the farthest point from the works is three miles. The bigiiest jwint pumped to is 175 feet, and at tliis height there is always pressure sufficient to put out any lire, or throw a flood of water on the high- est houses in the locality. "Although Davenport has never been devastated by any large conflagration, yet the warnings of destructive fires elsewhere had suggested ample provisions here as circumstances would admit, to prevent such a calamity. Ilaiul engines were superseded by steam engines, witli proper supplies of hose, and iiook and ladder car- riages, and companies to manage all this machinery, and houses for their accommodation. But the deficiency of available water in many quarters of the city made this costly apparatus at last only partially useful as a protection. The water-works have now ren- dered the presence of any of these steam engines entirely unnec- essary. With public hydrants at almost every block corner, and even extending to the outskirts of the city, it merely requires a connection of the hose to have the equivalent of a steam engine wherever a hydrant is located. Of these public hydrants, 240 will be required by the city, and paid for, by the 1st of next January. Davenport is now safe from any extensive conflagration. Many tests have been made of this water-power by the application of hose without the knowledge of any one interested in or at the water- works, and it has been abundantly proved that on theblufls, as below, they can throw on top or over, and deluge any building, and from a number of streams at once. By an official test at nearly the highest point water is pumped, two heavy streams of water were thrown l*iO feet. Several fires and the speedy subdu- ing of them have already demonstrated that no large fire can ever threaten Davenport under our present water arrangements. Hose companies are being organized on the bluffs, or in more distant parts of the city, for the protection of neighborhoods. The water is there in any quantity, and only the availabilities are required for its use when necessary in time of danger. Besides the public accommodations, and the idea of safety consequent upon the es- tablishment of these great water-wjrks, it must have its marked influence in reducing insurance. " Tiie water-works rates for consumers are reasonable, and can form no just subject of complaint. These works have cost over a half million of dollars, and, being owned by a private compan}', are no tax on the city. It simply pays for its public hydrants for fire purposes, just as individuals do for their private use of this 792 HiSTOEY OF scorr county. water-power, and water that is crystal pure is the brightest spring water. No city in the West or country has a better supply of water for public use, nor through its water-works better protection against conflagration." FIEST THINGS IN DAVENPORT. In the spring of 1837 the first duel '-on record" in Iowa was fought between two Winnebago Indians. The first marriage in Davenport was William B. Watts and a niece of Antoine Le Claire, in 1837. The first female born in Davenport was a daughter of D. C. Eldridge. On the 8th of May, 18-11, the first Territorial Whig Convention was held in Davenport. The first Fire Department of Davenport was organized the 27th of July, 1838, by requiring every man who had a house, to keep two fire buckets always in readiness, and to use them. The first temperance society was organized by Rev. Asa Turner, receiving at its first organization 56 signature:^, Rodolplius Bennett, the mayor, being its fir.-t jiresident. The society commenced with about 80 members. The first flouring mill in Davenport was introduced by D. C. Eldridge, being one of '' Getty's Patent Metallic Mills." It was somewhat larger than a coffee mill, and its motive jiower was horseflesh. The flrst Ferrj^ Company was organized in the sjiring of 1837. Dr. A. E. Donaldson was the flrst resident physician. The flrst hotel was 0])ened by Edward Powers in 1836, on the corner of Front and Ripley streets, and was built by Davenport and Le Claire, and called the Davenport Hotel. James Mackintosh opened the flrst store in 1836. His stock con- sisted of a general ;issoitment of dry goods, groceries, hardware, provisions, etc., worth about S.^jOOO. He commenced business on the corner of Third and Ripley Streets, in a log house. The flrst child born in Davenport was a son of L. S. Colton, born i^i the fall of 1836. The flrst law office in Davenport wns opened by A. McGregor, in April, 1836. The flrst religious discourse was delivered by Rev. Mr. Gavitt, in the house of D. C. Eldridge. The pioneer ball was held in Mr. Le Claire's house, Jan. 8, 1836 ; some 40 couples were present. In the summer of 1836, Antoine Le Claire was appointed flrst postmaster. Postage at that time was 25 cents. The postmaster carried the mail across the river in his pockets ; and his ])er- eentage for the fir.st three months was 75 cents. There were seven houses in tiieold town limits at the close of the year 1836. CITY OF DAVENl'OKT. 793 The first brick-yard w.i? constructed and owned by Ilarvey Leonard in 1S37. Frazer Wilson was tlie first sheriff of Scott County. In tlie suninier of 1S37, tlie first brick house was built by D. C. Eldridii;e. The first Presbyterian organization was completed this year. On tlie loth day of August, 18;;s. the first number of the Iowa Sun was })ub!ished by Mr. A. Logan. In September, 1838. a stock company was formed and built a school-lu)use The first shoe store was opened in ls41, by L. B. Colamer. The lirst butcher's stall <>])ened by Mr. Armitage. The first harness shop was o])ened the same year by Jacob Sailor. The same year R. L. Linibaagh opened a watch-making and jewelr}- store. The fir.-t Bible society was organized in lSi2. The first nork packing was done in l>!-i2, by J. M. D. Burrows. Mr. A. C Fulton entered into the business in 1843. 1850. — In 1850 there were in Davenport twenty-two carpenters, nine stone masons, five brick-makers, six bricklayers, ten cabinet- makers, five ehair-maker.s, seven wheelwrights, two coach-makers, twelve blacksmiths, fifteen coopsrs, five saddle and harness makers, one trunk maker, eight boot and shoe makers, three tin and cjp]iersmitlis, seven tailors, four engineers, three millers, two sawyers, eight draymen, nine teamsters, three butchers, one dyer and scourer, one gunsinith, one watch-maker, onejajtanner, one turner, one baker, one ujiholsterer, one barber, nine ministers of the gospel, four physicians, two lawyers, and, a local writer adds, "all are actively and profitably engaged, unless I might e.\cept the physicians and lawyers, and work plenty for a few more." At the same time there were two news])aj)ers, two steam flouring mills, one steam saw-mill, one college, one medical college, five schools, three hotels, two billiard rooms, two coffee houses, nineteen stores, one public hall, one exchange office, two pork houses, one livery stable, one plow factory. BIOGRAPHICAL. Henry Abel, Constable, 012 West Sixth street, was born Nov. 3, 1821, at Fort Rendsbnrg, Holstein, Germany. His father, Frederick Abel, now deceased, was born in Denmark; his mother, Catherine (Eessman) Abel, in Holstein. She is still living at that place. Our subject came to America and located in Davcnjioi-t in Octo- ber, 1855. He went to Knoxville, 111., soon after, and remained there one and a half years, then returned to Davenport. Subse- (^uently went to Minnesota and was engaged in selling jewelry lere until 1857, when he came again to Davenport and opened a S 794 HISTORY OF SCOTl' COUNTY. jewelry and watcli establishment on Second, between Harrison and Ripley streets. He continued in this business some time, then went into the slieriff's otiice with Harvey Leonard, and remained there with his successor, James Tliorington, two years, as his deputy. In 1860 he was elected constable of Davenjjort town- ship for three and a half years. Afterward was employed as clerk in the firm of McNear & Jordan, dealers in agricultural im- plements, and remained with them one year; was then engaged by Wm. F. Russ in the grocery business, for two years; then es- tablished a second-hand store in ])artnersliip with Mr. Peterson, which continued three years. He was officiating deputy sheriff for three years, then received his present appointment of constable, and faithfully discharges the duties of his office. He was married to Bertha Boege in April, 1853, in Rensburg; her parents are both dead. To them have been born 15 children, six living — Fred, Henry, Max, Otilie, Rieckey and Agnes. Mr. Abel is an advocate of Liberalism. John B. AherJe, owner of the bakery at No. UDl '^est Third street, was born in Wittenberg, Germany, Jan. 24, 1845, and was a son of Andrew and Magdalena(Sniz) Aberle, natives of Witten- berg. John attended school until he was 14 years old, then learned the baker's trade, and in 1868 came to the United States. He landed in Now York, and from there came to Davenport, where he worked at his trade until 187"2, when he established a bakery of his own. He was married to Margaret Richard. Aj^ril 7, 1872. She was born in Columbia, 111. To them have been born four children — Anna, Emma, Dorathy, and Josephine . Otto Alh'echt, of the firm of Otto Albrecht & Co., dealers in tobacco and cigars and manufacturers of the "Rob Roy" and "Modoc"' cigai's, 306 West Second street, was born in Holstein, Germany, Aug. 18, 1826. Was raised in the city Neustadt, learn- ing and working at the cigar trade until 26 years of age, when he came to America, landing in New Orleans, June, 1853, and was nine weeks at sea in a sail ship. He worked at St. Louis, Mo., at his trade, until 1854, when he came to Davenport, and opened a cigar store on Second street, between Scott and Western avenues, and remained there until 1858, when lie located at his jjresent place, 306 West Second street, where, in ISSl, he built a fine four-story brick building. He carries a full stock of native and imported tobaccos and cigars, carrying a stock of .§11,000 or .§12,000, and also manufacturing cigars. He was married to Miss Sopjiia Stern- berg, May 10, 1856. iShewas born in Mecklenburg, Germany, and is a daughter of Cliristian Sternberg; he was a farmer, and settled in Scott County in 1854. Mr. and Mrs. Albrecht have had a fam- ily of 10 children, six living, viz.: Emma, who married Theodore Hartz (they live in Davenport), Dora, Robert, Mattie, Otto, Jr., and Paul. Mr. Otto Albreclit was a son of Jurgen Albrecht and Frederica Malwag. He was a farmer and died in Germany. She is still living in Germany. She and husband were members of the Lutheran Church and had five children, four living. CITT OF DAVENPORT. 795 The subject of this sketch, Mr. Otto Albrecht, is the oldest to- bacco man in the city; is a member of Davenport Masonic Lodge No. 37, and in politics a Eei)ublicau, and cast his tirst vote for John C. Fremont. lVicohla.t Alhrecht, butcher, 1,4-1:0 Leonard street, was born in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, Oct. 26, 1S53. Plis ])arents were George and Christina (Ott) Albrecht. They had three children. Nicholas attended school until 15, when he learned the butcher's trade until IS, when he came, with his father and brothers, to the LTnited States, landed ia New York, then came to Davenport, where he has followed the butcher business ever since. He mar- ried Miss Anna Stahl May •>, lS7ti. She was born in Schleswig- Holstein. Germany, and was a daughter of Michael Stahl. Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas Albrecht have had three children, viz.: George, Johanna and Metta. Mr. Albreclit is a member of the Druids, Turner Society, and Butchers' and Drovers' Union, and in politics a Republican, and cast his tirst vote for Hayes. II. II. Aiidresen, casiiier of the German Savings Bank, was born in Scheiswig-Holstein, Germany, in December, 1826. He was there reared and educated, and during the war against Denmark was in the military service, from the first battle to the last. He came to America as a refugee in the fall of 1S.51, and located first in Milwaukee, where he taught school one winter. In the spring of 1852 he went to Chicago, and secured employment in the office of a land agency ; afterward conducted a real estate business on his own account from lS5-i to 1S55. The latter year he came to Davenport and engaged in the general mercantile business ; he sold out in 1S59, and in 1S60 he was appointed deputy sheriff under James Thorington ; he went to Fort Scott, Kan., in 1862 to take charge ot a fort settlersiiip under Mr. Thorington's supervis- ion ; he returned to Davenport in 1864. In 1865 he started a window blind factory, which he ran for a number of years ; mean- time, in tlie I'all of 1868, he was elected secretary of the Daven- port Fire Insurance Company. During his admiuistrution in this institution the concern was successful in restoring former losses, and while thus employed, was chief mover in establishing tlie German Savings Bank, and tlie two were run in harmony, the stockholders in the insurance company becoming stockholders in tlie bank. The insurance company was wound up in 1874. For a number of years Mr. Andresen had the active sujiervision of the thi-ee enterprises, which involved great labor and responsibilities. Since that date has liad sole active charge of the bank, which is one of the most ably managed financial institutions in the "West, and has been exceptionally prosperous. Mr. Andresen was elected alderman from the second ward three times, and served in 1859- '60, and in ls64 until 1868. While serving in this capacity he was elected chairman of the finance committee, and as such insti- tuted a system of bookkeeping for the city oftices which is still in vogue. Mr. Andresen returned to Europe in 1854 and there mar- 796 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. ried Mary A. Thompson in May of that year. They have a family of two sons and three daughters. The youngest son is a clerk in the bank, the other is a farmer in Ida Co., Iowa. In his political views Mr. Andresen is Republican. Joseph J.WreM>s, Clerk of the District and Circuit Courts of Scott County, was born in Providence, E. I., April 12, 1S33. He is the son of George Andrews, a descendant of Welsh stock. The first ancestor, John Andrews, came from Wales to this country in 1663, married in Boston and settled in Massachusetts, and the five generations, of which Joseph is the last, have alwaj's lived in the New England States. His father, George Andrews, married Miss Cornelia Augusta Lippitt, of English descent, whose ancestors came to this country about the same time as the Andrews. They were the parents of six children, all living, of whom Joseph is the fourth child. He performed the duties of clerk and book- keeper in a large shipping house for five years in Providence; came West in 1855 and spent the winter of that 3'ear in Fayette Co., Iowa; from there went to Ohio in 1S56; he was there married the same year in Noble County, to Elizabeth S. Dunbar. In 1858 they moved to Keokuk Co., Iowa. Mr. Andrews enlisted, as captain of Co. F, 8th Iowa Inf. in August, 1861, was promoted to Major in February, 1862. He was severely wounded at the battle of Shiloh, on the afternoon of April 6, 1862, by gun shot in the left side of the head, back of the ear and penetrating the skull, which ball he still carries in the occipital bone. He went to his native State to have it extracted, but the surgeons decided that it would be best not to undertake it. He for some months lost complete control of his equilibrium, could not stand, but would immediately fall to the right side; it was for more than a year before he could walk with- out the aid of two canes ; he is still troubled in this waj' when fatigued. It injured his auditory and optic action. He resigned from the army in February, 1863. In 1864 he was elected a mem- ber of the Iowa General Assembly from Keokuk County. In 1866 was elected county clerk of that county; at this time he was engaged in agricultural pursuits. In April, 1869, he removed to Davenport and engaged in the commission business. In 1876 was elected to his present position. His popularity' is shown in the fact that he was elected the first time by a majority of only 38 votes, while his last election shows a majority of 1,946 votes. His wife died in 1864 and he was married to Emaline S. Dunbar, a sister of liis first wife. By this union have been born six children, four sons and two daughters. Mr. Andrews is a charter member of A. O. U. W., Lodge 17, charter member of Iowa Legion of Honor, Scott Lodge, Xo. 2, also of the American Legion of Honor, He is Chancellor Commander of Knights of Pythias, Damon Lodge, No. 10, and Post Commander of AucrustWentz Post, No. 1,G. A. R. Frank W. Angel, of the firm of'Des Saint & Sons, No. 121 West Second street, was born on the 2d of December, 1840, in Goneseo, N. Y., and is a son of B. F. and Julia Angel, nee Jones, natives CITY OF DAVENPORT. 797 of New York. She died Dec. 25, 1871 ; the father is still living in Geneseo N. Y. Frank W. was educated in the place of his birth and at (.xeneva N. Y. He was fitted for Yale College, but on the appointment of his father as Minister to Sweden by Presi- dent Buchanan, he went with him to Europe, and did not attend the College. He visited all the principal countries of Europe, among them France, spending nine months in the gay cit}'^ of Paris Sweden, Germany and England. He returned to America in ISOO, and after staying a short time in Geneseo, he went to Fond du Lac AVis., where he studied law with his uncle. Judge Flint. In the summer of 1861 he went to St. Louis, Alt)., and worked for the Adams Express Co. until 1863 when he returned to Geneseo. He was in the office of the district attorney there until the fall of 1864, when he went to Chicago, HI., wiiere he engaged in the insurance business until IMarch 7, 1865 when he located in Daven- jiort, and was admitted to the bar in May of that year. He ac- cejjted a clerkship in the store of McXear & Jordan, and remained with them until 1^74. In April, 1875, he entered the employ of Des Saint & Xntting. Mr. I\utting retired from the lirm Feb. 1, 1878 ; since that time Messrs. Des Saint ik Angel have conducted the business under the Urm name of Des Saint &, Sons. Mr. An- gel was united in marriage with Virginia Des Saint, April 2:^, 1868. She was born in St. Louis, Mo. They have two children Corinne and Louise. Thomas Baker, deceased, was born in England, and was a sf>n ot John F. and Ann Baker, natives also of that country. He was married there to Ann Faukes, a daughter of Jacob and Hester Faukes, of English birth. Of 11 children born of their un- ion, eight are living Ann, John, Henry. Elizabeth, Catherine, Emily, Alfred and Geoi-ge. In 1856 Mr. Baker came with his family to America, and arrived in Da\en]iort May 16 of that year. He purchased a farm within one-quarter of a mile of the Baker homestead, and engaged in that occu]iation until his death, which occurred on the ISth of September, 1880. He was a man of great benevolence and tenderness to the need}' and unfortunate. He enjoyed during his life the confidence and resi)ect of all who knew him. \iy prudent management he had accumulated a com- petence, and with a conscience void of offense toward God and toward man, and a comfortable assurance of an interest in the atonement of his Savior, he was pre])ared to resign his body to the dust, in sure and certain hope of the resurrection to eternal life. John Bamhroli, grocer, 922 West Second street, was born in Ilolsteiti, German\', JS'ov. 24, 1835. His parents wei"e Clans and Margaret (Jacobs) Banderob, of Holstein. After attending school until he was 15 years old, John learned the shoemaker's trade. When he was 19 years of age he entered the Danish army, and was in tiie light infantry, and orderly sergeant five years during the war with Denmark. He was taken prisoner at the battle of 798 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Djpple Forts, and as soon as be was released lie emigrated to A-merica, arriving in the spring of 1S6J:. He located at once in Davenport, where he learned and worked at the carpenter trade five years, then opened a grocery store, and has been engaged in that business since. Since 1S77 he has also been interested in the ice business with Carsten Christiansen. He was married May 30, i860, to Christina Sacharias, born in Jytland. Their union has been blessed with two children — Jidius and Clara. Mr. Banderob is a member of the German Relief Society. Benjamin Barr vc&s, hovn in Huntington Co., Penn., Sept. 19, 1825, son of Simon and Susanah Barr, natives of Pennsylvania, where they married. There were nine children in the family, five of whom lived to be adults, viz.: John H., Benjamin, our subject, Mar^' Ann, Israel and Margaret J., now Mrs. Banks. The other children died in infancy. Simon Barr, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., in 1S0.3. He en- gaged in farming a number of years in Huntington County and then removed to Williamsburg, in the same county, and followed the mercantile business until 1S45. In May, 1846, he removed to Davenport, and a few months later settled on a farm seven miles north of the city, where he remained until 1863, removing then to Davenport, where he died in ISTS. He commenced with a few hundred dollars on a farm of 160 acres, and by hard work made him a fine home. Mrs. Barr is still living. Previous to coming to this State they were both members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, but there being no organization of that kind here they united with the First Presbyterian Church, Eev. Mr. Ander- son, pastor. Jolin II. Barr, the eldest son, has several farms in this county, and now lives on one near Jersey' Ridge, finely im- proved. Israel Barr, the j'oungest son, through tact, energy, and economy has acquired fine farms in Scott County. He also lives in Jersey Ridge, engaged in raising short-horn stock, and has several herds of the best blooded stock. His place is finely im- proved with the best buildings, and he has recently added SO acres to his already large stock farm. Benj. Barr, our subject, served an apprenticeship at the cabinet trade, in "Williamsburg, Penn., from 1841 to 1S4.5, when he removed to Philadelphia and worked at his trade. He was married in 1847 to Miss Anna Dale, daughter of Richard Dale, of Monmouthshire, Wales, who sailed to the United States when Mrs. Barr was a mere child, and located in Bucks Co., Penn. He was a freeholder at the age of 21, and was appointed overseer of the poor and constable, holding oflice 21 years. He died in 1834. Anna Dale went to Philadelphia and learned the millinery business, and had a fine store there. It %vas here she met and married Mr. Barr. They have had four children — Francis D., Clarence J., Anna M., and Minnie Rose. The latter died Jan. 17, 1864. July 4, 1849, Mr. Barr removed to Davenport and worked a year at his trade with Mr. John Pope. He then started the cabinet and undertaking business for himself on the west side CITY OF DAVENPORT. 790 of Brady street, between Third and Fourtli, Andrews & Shelly building him the best hearse in the city, costing $300. Mr. Barr introduced the first metallic coffins from Cincinnati. He continued this business till 1857, when lie exchanged his business place with David Burrows, for a farm four miles northwest of the city, re- moving there and working the farm until 1874. He then returned to tiie city for the purpose of giving his children a good education, and in 1SS2 removed back to the tarm. Mr. Barr has not led an idle life. Starting with small means, through his business and farming he has accumulated line farms in the county, and also has valuable iiroperty in Daven[)ort, proving what a poor bo}' may do by industry and good management. He now lives on a farm four miles from the city. Mr. and Mrs. Barr are members of the First M. E. Churcli. Frederick Bartemeier, son of John and Trazer (Techner) Bar- temeier, was born in the western part of Germany, May IS, 1821 . His father died in 2843, and his mother in 1847. Frederick re- ceived his education in the ])arish school in his native country, and early was set to learn the trade of a stone-cutter, which trade he con- tinued to work at while in Germany. In the summer of 18-54 he sailed to America, and landed at New Orleans, July 7 of that year, from which place ho jiroceeded to Davenport, where he worked at his trade until 1858, when he moved to St. Louis and engaged in the grocery business for one year. He then went to Vicksburg, Miss., where he spent three years in the same business. He then returned to Daven])ort and emijarked in the grocery trade, in which he yet continues in connection with his son. He was married in Germany in 1843 to Elizabeth Lange, who was born in Germany, Dec. 23, 1823, They have had seven children, three of whom are livina, Elizabeth, Frederick, and Wilhelm. The family are German Catholics. In politics ilr. Bartemeier is a Democrat. JoJui Bartemeier^ merchant tailor, jS'o. 211 West Second street, was born in Westphalia, Prussia, Feb. 2, 1827. His parents were John and Theresa (Leigner) Bartemeier, of German nativity; he died in Westphalia in the spring of 1847. She died on the ocean, in 1847, while on her way to America. John came to America, iind landed in New Orleans, Jan. 28, 1848. He went to St. Louis, Mo., where he engaged in the tailoring business four years, then caTue to Davenport. He established a tailor shop ou Brady street, and did business there 11 years, when he erected the building which he now occupies on Second street. He was married June 1, 1851, in St. Louis, ]\Io., to Elizabetli Reivs, of Germany. Their union has been blessed with eight children, five living — John, Mary, Kuneyuiula, Theresa and Johanna. Mr. Bartemeier is a member of the Roman Catholic Church. In politics he is a Dem- ocrat. Henry L. Bavjden, M. D., is a native of Cuba Island, born Dec. 28,1845. His parents were from London, England; his father, Stephen Bawden, was in Cuba in the interests of the Sawanee 800 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Mining Company, of which he was president at the time of the Doctor's birth. He came to America, accompanied by liis parents, when four years of age. They lived in Pennsylvania some years then came to Scott County, and located near Davenport, where his father engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, which oc- curred Oct. 27, 18S1. Dr. Bawden was educated in Griswold Col- lege. He read medicine with Dr. A. S. Maxwell in Davenport, then attended lectures in Iowa State University, from which he graduated March 0, 1873, aTid at once began practice in Davenport. He practices according to the princi]>les of the " Rational school;" he is the recipient of a large and lucrative practice. He has filled the office of coroner of this county since 1876. He was married in Davenport, June 28, 1877, to Bella Angel, a native of Peoria, 111. Her father was killed at the battle of Shiloh, in the Union army. Dr. Bawden spent the years of 1866 and 'G7 on the plains as a member of the Seventh Iowa Cavalry. He is a member of the Scott County also the Iowa State Medical Society; has been an ac- tive member of the local medical society, and as such has prepared numerous papers pertaining to subjects relative to diseases and practice, some of which have found their way into the medical journals of the country. Claus Behrens was born in Berg Detinarzeu, Germany, Jan. 16, 1844, and was a son of Claus Behrens, Sr., and Mary, nee Hoyer. Claus, Jr., went to school until his 17th year, then worked on the farm in the old country until he was 22 years old, when he came to America. He worked in a barber shop in Kew York City until 1867, when he located in Davenport. He worked on a farm in Davenport township three months, then began speculating in stock, and has followed that business since. On May 27, 1868, he mar- ried Sophia C. L. Hinrichs, a native of Kensburg, Germany. Her parents, Henry and Dora (Martins) Hinrichs, were likewise na- tives of Kensburg. They came to Davenport in 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Behrens have one child, A. Doretta. JVlr. Behrens owns three houses and lots in this city, and a nice farm of 63 acres in Rockingham township, which is all under good cultivation and thoroughly stocked. In 1880, he went to Germany with his family on a visit and returned one year later. Beiderheche cfc Miller, wholesale grocers, Nos. 107 and 109 "West Second street, established this business as a retail gro- cery store in 1856. In 1865 it became a wholesale establish- ment. They occupy a four-story, live-floor, 150 x 33 feet building, with an L" 33 x 75 feet. It is the largest estab- lishment of the kind in the city. They handle a complete stock ot imported and domestic groceries and provisions and do an annual business of §800,''000. Chas. Beiderbecke, the senior member of the tirm, was born in "Westphalia, Prussia, Germany, July 20, 1836. His father, Henry Beiderbecke, was a principal in the schools in Germany and married Sophia Becker, by whom he had seven children. He died in October, 1851 ; she died CITY OF DAVEXl'ORT. 801 ill March, 1S52. Cliarles attended scliool and college in Ger- many until 1S53, when he came with an uncle to America. He located at ludiaiiapulis, Ind., where ho clerked in a grocery store some l(t months, and in the postotHce two years. He then clerked ia tiie Dubuque, la., postottice until September, 1S5<), when he came to Davenport and formed the present partnership with Mr. F. II. Miller. He was married to Miss Louisa Pieper in January, 1S59. Siie was born in Hamburg, (Tcrmany. They have had seven children, four living — Carl, Tilli, Uismark and Luti. ]\Ir. Jieiilerbecke is one of Davenport's most prominent business men. Frank II. Miller was born in Hanover, Germany, Sept. 4, 1836, of Frederick and Elizabeth Miller, natives of Germany. When Frank was about seven years old his parents emigrated to the United States and located in Cincinnati, O., where his father worked in a brewery. Frank attended school until he was 14 years of age, when he went into a clothing store with his brother, A. H. Miller. After remaining with him four years, he went to Indianapolis, Ind., and clerked in a merchant tailoring establishment there until 1856, when he came to Davenport, la., and formed a ])artnership with Mr. Chas. Beiderbecke, which still exists. He was married in Cincinnati, to Miss Caroline Busch, Oct. 17, 1861. She is a na- tive of Hanover, Germany. By this union there were eight chil- dren, six living — Bertha, Louisa, Paulina, Charles, Luella and George. Mr. Miller is a ^lason and a memberof Fraternal Lodge, No. 221; Davenport Chapter, No. iG, and St. Simon of Seven Cominandery, A. O. U. W.; of Lessing Lodge, No. 74-, and Fire- man's Liberty, No. 1. Mr. Miller is one of the enterprising and representative business men of the city. Chttrles II.Bell, a son of John and Chartley( Pierce) Bell, was born Nov. 15, 1820, in Berneville, Albany Co., N.Y. Charles remained in ills native city attending sciiool until his 15th year, and was then engaged in teaching school until he was 18 or 19 years of age. He went to Albany and was employed in a grocery store there until his marriage to Phebe A. Hilton, Apr. 17, ISoO. She w:is born in Ijernevillc, N. Y., of James H. and Elizabeth Hilton, nee Bassler, natives of New York. After Mr. and Mrs. Bell were marrietl he clerked in a hotel at Albany two years, then went to Berneville, where he taught school ami singing school in the winter, and during the summer months ran a root-beer man ufactorv, contin- uing for seven years. He then came West and located in Rock Island, the restaurant business. One year later he came to Davenport and conducted a restaurant here until 1805, then established a grocery store at his present number, 113n Harrison street, where he is the recipient of a growing and pros|ierous trade. Mr. and Mrs. Bell have one child, a son, Charles M., born July 4, 1856. He is a graduate of the medical department of the Iowa State University and is now a practicing physician of this city. He was in the Belview Hospital, New York City, one year, then re- 802 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. turned to Davenport and was appointed assistant physician of the Mt. Pleasant Insane Asyhim, by the State, where he remained two years, then located in Davenport. The family are members of the talvary Baptist Church. Richard Bentoti, livery, sale and feed stable, corner Third and Rock Island streets, Davenport, was born in Chester Co., Pa., June 7, 1820; son of Thomas and Mary Benton, who died when Richard was a mere child, and who was raised by a friend. When 19 years of awe he went to work in a flouring mill in Montgomery Co., Pa., where he remained si.x years. Having heard much of the broad prai- ries of the West, he, in April, 1842, left Pennsylvania, his objective point being Cincinnati, O. Not liking the outlook, he got on board of a boat and sailed down the Ohio to St. Louis. Not find- ing anything to suit him there came up to Quincy, where he left his baggage and started out on foot through Northern Missouri, but not findinganything to his hand returned to Quincy; then by boat up the river to Stephenson, now Rock Island, 111., and from there to Savanna and Mt. Carroll, where he helped build the stone mill. In April, 1843, crossed the country to Peoria; thence down the Illi- nois to St. Louis, where he was engaged in the milling business for six years. In 1849, the time of the gold fever in California, he crossed the plains and engaged in mining for a short time, after- ward furnishing the mines with produce, etc. He remained in California two years, then returned to Montgomery Co., Pa., and the following year came to Davenport, where he has remained since. In 1854 he built the Scott House, on the corner of Front and Har- rison streets. In 1847 he married Margaret High, a daughter of Thomas High, of Chester Co., Pa. By this union was four chil- dren, three of whom are living — Charles H., Mary and Annie. Fritz Bergfeld, a native of Westfahlen, Prussia, was born Nov. 25, 1832. His parents were Phillip and Marie (Steinbrugge) Berg- feld, of Prussian birth. His father died in the fall of 1862, and is mother in April, 1867, in Davenport. The subject of this memoir left Prussia for this country Sept. 17, 1853; was at sea eight weeks and two days, and landed in New Orleans. From there he went to St. Louis, where he remained until Oct. 3, 1856, when he located in this city. He kept bar for Mr. Larhman until 1864, then established his pretent business of saloon keeper. His marriage to Dorothea Kahler was celelu-ated May 26, 1861, in Davenport. She was born in Prussia in January, 1841. They have had a family of eight children; five are living- Amelia, Clara, Fritz, Otto, and Olga. Mr. Bergfeld afiiliates with the Democratic party. Iritz Bergert, proprietor of Bergert's livery and sale stable, 523 West Second street, was born near'Kiel, Holstein, Germany, Aug. 24, 1830, and was a son of Detlif and Dora (Witt) Bergert, natives of Holstein. Fritz attended school until he was 16 years old. then learned the wagon-maker's trade. He served some IS months in the German army, during the war with Denmark. In 1851 he CITT OF DAVENPORT. 803 emigrated to the United States, and came directly to Davenport, arriving liere in June of that year. He engaged in steamboating on tlie river, teaming and fanning until 1867, when he bought his livery stable. He keeps IS or 20 fine horses and a supply of buggies and carriages, always on hand. He married Christina — daughter of John Krabbenhead. They have eight children, John, Dorathy, Theodore, Laura, Herman, Delia, Hulda, and Rudolph. ./()///; //. Bcrryhill. deceased, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., July IS, 1S15. His parents removed to Harrisburg, Pa., when he was a child three years old. He graduated with high honor from Washington College, Washington, Pa., in 1835. Afterward studied law with G. W. Harris, wliose father was the founder of the city of Harrisburg. Mr. Perryhill was admitted to the bar in 1S3S, and practiced in the Lower and Supreme Courts of Pennsyl- vania until 1S64, when he removed to Davenjiort with his family. He met Abraham Lincoln at Harrisburg depot, when he was on his way to inauguration. In November, 1S36, he was appointed captain of the seventh company of the 9Sth Regular Militia of Pennsylvania, ^>y Gov. Ritner, and was made aide-de-camp to Gov. Johnston in 18-18, with the rank of lieut. -colonel. He was presi- dent of the Atlantic and Ohio Telegraph Company during the late war. He was married March 2, 1854, to Miss Caroline Smith, born in Pennsylvania, where she was reared and educated. They bad nine children; eight survive — Charles J., Caroline, Elizabeth, Mary, Rebecca, Anna, John H., Jr., and Harriet. Mr. Berryhill was vice-president of the Davenport National Bank several 3'ears, and was a prominent member of tiie Episcopal church. He died March 30, ISSO. He was kind and benevolent to the poor, and in all the phases of a strong moral character he was beyond reproach, and deservedly enjoyed the highest esteem of all who knew him. Henry Berg, gunsmith, 230 West Third street, was born in Hol- stein, Germany, Oct. C, 1S27. He came to St. Louis in 1852, and to Davenport in 1S53, and established the gunsmith and shooting- iron trade, which he has followed since. He makes and repairs guns and keeps all kinds of shooting-irons. He is the recipient of a prosperous and growing trade. He was married in 1854 to Louise Rush, daughter of e.x-Lieutenant Rush, who died at Vicks- burg during the war. Mr. and Mrs. Berg have had nine children, six boys and three girls. Einil and Julius assist their father in the siiop. Mr. Berg is a member of the Davenport Shooting So- ciety. Clans Blelenhurg was born iCay 7, 1818, in Holstein, Germany. His parents were Henry and Gecha(Wickman) Bielenburg, natives also of tiiat country. Mr. Claus Bielenburg left Hamburg for America May 1, 1854. He landed in New York after a journey of 38 days, and from there came direct to Davenport, arriving the 21st ot June, 1854. In the fall of 1855 he embarked in the butcher business and engaged in that occupation until 1866, then turned his attention to farming, whicii he has followed since. His mar- 804 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. riaj^e to Geclia Kohrs took place in Holstein, Germany, July 5, 18-i3. Their union has been blessed with three children — John, Charles and Nicholas. The family are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Bielenburg votes with theEepublican party. Oriii P. Blake, general railroad and steamsliip ticket agent, 122 West Second street, was born in Washington, Yt., Oct. 12, ISiS. His parents were Stephen E. Blake, a descendant of Jasper Blake, who came to America in 1560, and Mary A. nee Bacon. Orin Blake attended school and assisted on the farm until IS years old, when he became self-supporting. He clerked in a hardware and tin store, in Boston, Mass., two years, worked in a hotel one year, was an officer in the House of Correction two or three years, finally locating in Davenport in 1870. He engaged in various branches of business in this city and in Chicago for a number of years before obtaining his present situation as ticket agent. He was married Oct. 23, 1879, to Miss Ella I. Van Evera, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Her parents were Cornelius Van Evera and Louise, nee Sprowl. She is a member of tlie Baptist churcli. He is a Mason, and a member ot Minerva Lodge, No. 86, Vermont, and of the American Legion of Honor. In politics he is a Republican. Morse Boies, undertaker, 318 Perry street, was born in Beaver County, Pa., Nov. 22, 1823. He was rearedinthe villiageof New Brighton, Pa., until he was 12 years old, when his parents moved to Poland, O. There his education was received. In 1855 lie came to Davenport and worked one year for Israel Hall in his furniture office ; afterward obtained employment in the furniture- factory for several years. In 1866 he purchased Mr. Hall's un- dertaking establisliment and has conducted it since. Keeps a full stock of undertaker's goods and does a good business. He was married Dec. 29, 1861. to'Margaret V., daughter of James M. Bowl- ing, an early settler of Scott County. She was born Sept. 15, 1838, in Davenport. Mr. and Mrs. Boies have four children, — Moi-esa J., Ella C, Warren D. and Lottie M. Mr. Boies has been a member of the Masonic fraternity since 1856, and of the A. O. U. W. Lodge since its organization. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church in Davenport. James Madison Bowling, deceased, was a native of the histor- ical old town of Winchester, Va.,born Aug. 7, 1807. He was reared and educated there. His father, Jeremiah Bowling, being a mattress maker, James M. learned that trade when quite small and followed it until he came to Davenport, la., in 1835. He em- barked in merchandising here and engaged in that business until failing health obliged him to discontinue, which was in 1862. He was married S'ept. 28, 1837, to Miss Margaret A. Pelter, daughter of George Pelter, and a native also of Winchester, Va. To them were born 10 children, seven living, — George D., Mary v., William H. H. (who was a soldier in the late war and waskill- ed at the siege of Atlanta,) Sarah C. Mary C, Jane A., deceMsed, Laura E., John C. (was also a soldier in the war and was confined ^ ^."yJ-CiM^y^^ CITY OF UAVENPOET. 807 three months in Andersonville prison,) James M. E. (deceased,) and Susan A. Mr. James W. Bowling died O .t 25, 1865. His has been a moral and a temperate life, and he died honored and re- spected by liis fellow citizens and mourned deejjly by his family. Andrew W. Boicman, M. D., is a native otRock Island County, 111., born in 1847 ; he is the son of Dr. E. II. Eowman. who practiced medicine in Rock Island County many years. The sub- lect of this memoir studied medicine with Dr. A. S. Maxwell in Davenport. He attended a course of lectures in Micliigan State University at Ann Arbor in 187J:'5, and at Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 187S. graduating in the spring of that year. He prac- ticed a year in Dr. Maxwell's ottice : then a year at Inland, Cedar Co.. la., at the exjiiration of which time he returned to Daven- port and formed a partnership with Dr. Maxwell, in ISSO, and has i-emained in that relation unti' the present time. They Iiave a prosperous practice cliietly in the city. He was united in mar- riage with Marie M. Ma.xwell, the youngest daughter of Dr. Max- well, on Aug. 11, 1S79. He is a member of the Scott County Medical Society. John C. JBrinich. of the iirm of Rumers ies. where he enjoys a large and protitable trade. • He was married to Miniiie Groth in 1867. She is a native of Holstein, German}". Her parents are both living. Mr. and Mrs. Branch luive liad six children, three living — Ferdi- nand, Laura and Aivina. Mr. Branch is a Rej)ublican. Hugo (t. Bniunl'tch, teacher of music, 732 ^\ est Fifth street, was born in Saxony, Germany. Jan. 16, 1831. His parents, Gustavus and Frederick (Miller) Ih-auidick, were natives of Germany, and died in Brooklyn, X. Y. He received his primary education in Meissen, and began the study of music in 1847, in Dusen. In 1849, after the closeof the Revolutionary war, he was cajitured and sentenced to death, but was afterward pardoned. In 1851 he came to America, and, in the fall of 1853, located in Davenport, where he has been engaged in teaching music since 1854. He was married to Eliza Uchtort, on the 16th of May. 1857. She was born in Brema, Geriinvny, and was a daughter of Henry and Anna Uchtorf Mr. and Mrs. Braunlick have six children — Anna, Henry U., Freda, Emilie, Hugo and Lizzie. _ He is a member ot the Harmonia Society, and has met with good' success in his calling in this city. 47 808 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. Christian Brandt, of the lirin of Brandt , 1837, in Holstein, Germany. His father, Henry Brock- man, was a native also of that country, and died in 1850. His wife. Anna, nee Eggers, is living in this cit3'. The subject of this biography came to Iowa, and located in Davenport in 186.5. He had learned the carpenter's trade in Geriq^ny, and worked at it here until einbarkini; in the grocery business, in 183n, at his present locality. He was married in August of 186.5, to Hansine Petersen, a native of Denmark. They have three sons — Albert, Joiin and Hugo. Leiois J. Broion, ahstrAct and real estate agent, 203 West Third street, was born on a farm in Wayne Co., N. Y., June 10, 1824. His father, Elisha Brown, was born in Massachusetts, and married Hannah Scott, of Connecticut. Of their nine children, eight lived to be adults. Lewis assisted on the farm and attended school until he was IS years old, when his father died. He then went to Mish- awaka, Ind., and learned the niolder's trade. In 1850 he went to Rochester, Ind., and established an iron foundry; remained there until January, 1S64, when he went to Des Moines, la., and dealt in agricultural implements until 1S6'.>. Spent two years in the abstract and real estate business there, then came to Daven- port. He was married to Miss Hester A. Granger in May. She was born in Wayne Co., X. Y., and was a sister of the late Gen. Gordon Granger, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have had three 810 HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. children — Lovilo H., and Ada E. One died in infancy. Mr. Brown is a member of A. O. U. W. Pioneer Lodge, No. 2, also of the Ancient I. O. O. F. He was educated in the Republican school of politics, to which party he still adheres. j4/oh£':^ ^/'(/so«, superintendent of the oat-meal mill, was born July 23, 1840, in Cincinnati, Ohio, and was a son of Isaac and Jane Bryson, nee Kerr. His father is a native of Washington Co., Penn., and is now captain of a boat called the " Bostonia," running between Cincinnati and Huntington, West Ya. His mother died in Dayton, Ky., in 1856. He was educated chiefly in Ke\\port, Ky., and engaged in steamboating when IG years old. His lather being a pilot he ran with him a short time, then went as second clerk, for about four years, and as first clerk two or three years, having charge of three or four boats. In 1866 he engaged in the commission and grain business in Cincinnati, and continued in that until 1869, when he again followed steamboating on the Up- per Mississippi. In 1876 he came to Davenport. He was agent for a packet comjian}', and also carried on the commission business until August, 1881, when he received his present situation. He was married Oct. 21, 1861, to Valeria Wright, of Pomeroy, Ohio. They have three children — Elmore, who is in the flour, feed and coal business on the corner of 4th and Iowa, Robert and May. Mr. Bryson is a member of the Methodist church, and the Davenport L.ofH. Ileniy Bunlerwds born in Clay Co., Pa., on the 23d day of Oc- tober, 1810. When 24 years of age he learned the trade of car))en- ter and joiner. In August, 1835, attended an architect school evenings and worked through the day, paying one shilling for his instructions in building stairs, where he remained about three years. He then went to Saginaw, Mich., when he commenced working as a jour as stair builder. The following year returned to Clarion County .when he embarked in company with G. C. Xewell in contracting and building. In 1855 came to Davenport, Iowa, when he embarked in his present business. Has done some of the finest work in the city, his first job being Griswold College, and is the pioneer stair-builder of the county. In 1869 entered into partner- ship with Milo Bunker, which has continued up to the present time. He was the son of Andrew M. and Sarah Howe Bunker. Mr. Milo Bunker married Emma Kellogg, a daunrhter of A. D. Kellogg, of Michigan, where she was born in 1849. Mr. and Mrs. Bunker are members of the M. E. Church. The firm of H. & M. Bunker is one of the best in the West in this line of business, and we take pleasure in thus commending them to the people at large. Jlovjard Burt/s, owner and proprietor of the Kimball House, was born in the city of New York. He graduated from the Flush- ing Institute at Long Island, after which he engaged in various branches of business until 1880, when he became proprietor of the CITY OF DA^^:NPORT. 811 Kimball Ilonsc, of Davenport. lie is one of the firm of Blaisdell & Burti?, Marble Works, New York City, lie married Miss Mary E. Fielding, of New York City. They make Davenport their home. John MnDowell Burrows, prominent amonjj the citizens who have passed the ordeal of a pioneer life in tlu-West, and whose early strugtJ^les well deserve a place in the memorials, is the subject of this sketch, who was born in New York City, May S, 1814. His parents were David and Anna (Mnlford) iiiirrows, natives of Eliza- bethtown, New Jersey. The ancestors of both sides came from England four generations ago and settled in New Jersey, where many of their descendants still remain. At the age of 14- John removed with the family to Cincinnati, Ohio. After the usual primary education it was resolved by his mother and an uncle, Ste])heu IJurrows, that he should become a minister of the gospel; with this end in view, he was sent at the age of 17 years to Lane Seminary. However, after remaining in that institution two years, he became convinced that he lacked several essential elements of success in that profession and accordingly abandoned his purpose. This closed his educational career and he was sent to learn the trade of wood turner, at which he continued until 1S3S. In the spring of 1830. in company with John Owens, Wm. S. Collins and Mr. Ganet, he removed to Davenport, then in the Territory of Wisconsin. Mr. Owens and our subject made the trip in a one-horse buggy, and after their arrival here bought a claim of SO acres, a part of which is still owned by Mr. IJurrows, and upon it his beautiful dwelling now stands. They also, as was tiie custom in those days, took each of them a claim of 320 acres of prairie land. During the first year Mr. Burrows cultivated seven acres of 40-acre homestead, and also rented a small tract that had been broken on the Dubuque road, near Duck Creek. Here he succeeded in raising a crop, which was entirely destroyed by the cattle. With winter approaching the prospect looked dreary enough, but his energies and ambition were adequate to the emergency. lie began building a storehouse in the town, and in the spring of 1840, in partnership with It. M. Prettyman, began business as a merchant, in a little frame house on Front street, under the firm name of Burrows ct Prettyman. In the fall of 1840, there being for the first time a surplus of wheat in the county, they purchased aiul shipped wheat to the East, Jlr. Burrows buying and shipping the first bushel that ever left tlie county. He also bought and packed the first pork that was ever sold i:i Davenport. In 1847 the firm began the manufacture of flour, which was an undertaking of no ordinary kind in that day, and was entered upon with many fears, but with stout hearts. They purchased of Mr. A. C. Fulton the largest and mott perfect building erected by him and put in machinery, fitted up the most complete mill in the West, and for 10 years manufactured 500 barrels of flour daily. 812 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. They also conducted the largest pork-packing establishment north of St. Louis. In the financial ])anicof 1857-'9 their losses were very great. In the disastrous failure of Cook & Sargent, the}' lost heavily and were obliged to close business. The following year Mr. Burrows commenced anew, and for three years did a profitable business, but in 1863 his mill was completely destroyed by fire. There was no insurance and he was ouce more penniless. His credit, however, was good, and by the aid of friends he built a new mill, which he operated successfully for three years, during which time he paid the entire cost of its construction, when it also caught fire and was reduced to ashes. He is now engaged in the grain and commission business. On the 1st of December, 1836, he mar- ried Miss Sarah Meeker Gamage, of Cincinnati, O., who died in January, 1876, mourned by all who knew her. Of 11 children born to them, one is living, Elisha, who is now in business with his father. Mr. Burrows has always been a consistent member of the Presbyterian church. WiUiam Busch, druggist, 307 W. 2d. street, was born in Dav- enport, la., Feb. 1, 1855. His parents are Jolin and Louisa (Sciiroeder) Busch, of German nativity, and are now residents of Davenport, and live at 1138 W. 2d street. Tiie subject of this memoir received a college education, in the college of pharmacy at Philadelphia, Pa. He was united in marriage with Alwine Ilaak, Nov. 30, 1881. He first located in business in this city, on the corner of Harrison and 2d streets, in 1879, and moved into his pres- ent store about one }ear ago. He does a prosperous business, and is one of the energetic business men of the city. In politics he is a Republican. Theo. Busch, of the firm of William Busch, is a na- tive of Davenport, la., born March 4, 1860. He was educated in the schools of Davenport. He worked in the store where he now has an interest for three 3'ears, and has been in business about the same length of time. He is a strong supporter of the Republican party. JoJin Cameron, son of Jehu and Susan (McCod) Cameron, of Scotlan>. which continued two years ; since that time he has practiced alone, and has a remunerative practice. He was married in Davenport in 1872 to Miss Mattie Dalzell, born in Philadelphia, Pa., but reared in this county. Dr. Cantwell was city physician from 1872 to 1877, during which time, 1873, Daven- port was scourged with cholera, there being about 4ii0 cases, 85 814 HISTORY OF scorr comfTY. of which resulted fatally. The Doctor has been ph^-sician of the Board of Health for six yeai's in succession ; lie was a delegate to the American Public Health Association to Xew Orleans in ISSO, and also to the same body in 18S1, which convened in Savannah, Ga. In 1877 he was elected president of the Scott County Medi- cal Society. He is vice-president of the Hospital Board of Physi- cians of Mercy Hospital. He has acted as treasurer of the Iowa and Illinois Central District Medical Associations for 10 years. He is a member of the Iowa State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He served in the Board of City Alderman from the Fourth Ward in 1SS<)-'1 and lSSl-'2. J. Henry Carmichael, druggist, corner Brady and loth streets, was born in Davenport, la., Aug. 28, 1855, and is a son of B. F. and Elizabeth Carmichael, ?!ee EUicott; the former built the M. M., now the C, R. I. & P. R. R.; he died April 5, 1857. She resides in Davenport. The subject of this record received a common- school education in Davenport, and attended the School of Phar- macy in Philadelphia, Pa.; he worked in a drug store in that place. In 1878 he embarked in the drug business in Clinton and remained there until 18S0, when he returned to Davenport, where he has pros- ecuted the same business, and in May, 18S1, moved into his pres- ent store at corner loth and Brady. He has met with good success and has a steadily increasing trade. He was married Oct. 8, 1S78, in this city to Miss Jessie B. Fream. They have one child, Eula E., born July 19, 1879. In politics Mr. Carmichael is a Repub- lican. B. F. C'ai'michael, M. D., is a native of Corning, jS^. T., born in 1851. His parents were B. F. and Elizabeth Carmichael. nee Elli- cott, natives of Pennsylvania. B. F. Carmichael, Sr., was a rail- road contractor and built the C, R. I. vfe P. R. R., and was in that day the heaviest contractor in this country. He built many Eastern railroads and constructed the tunnel under the mountains opposite West Point, JST. Y. He died in 1857 or '58 Dr. Carmichael at- tended Griswold College, also the Iowa State University, from the medical department of which he graduated in the class of 1873. He went to Europe immediately afterward and visited the hospi- tals of England, Ireland, France and German}', and took a regular course of medical lectures in Berlin, studying under Prof. Langen- beck, Surgeon General in the Prussian army and surgeon to King William. -In the latter part of 1875 he returned to the United States and located in Davenport, practicing in partnership with W. F. Peck until 1880, when he located at his present number, 113 West Third street. He makes surgery a specialty. The Doc- tor is unmarried. His mother, four brotiiers and two sisters are residents of Davenport. Two of his brothers are lawyers and one a druggist. Daniel Carroll, driver for Petersen & Sons, was born in Par- sonstown. County Kine:, Ireland, Xov. 18, 1832. His parents were James and Margaret (Kenney) Carroll, natives of Ireland. Daniel CITT OF DAVENPORT. 815 attended seliool until lie was 16 years old, then worked on his tatlier's fiirni luitil IS-47, when he eame to America. lie worked in a wholesale store in New York City three years, then came to Davenport, where he has resided since. He was married in Ire- land to Miss Joi)anna O'Kette, in Jannary. 1847. Their union has been blessed with nine children, six living — Henry, Katy, Mary, Nellie, Fannie and Joseph. Mr. and Mrs. Carroll are members of the St. Anthony's Parish Clmrcli. He is a member of the Catholic Protective Association, and in politics is a Democrat. Daniel ChurchUI was born in Richtield, Olsego Co., ]^. 1., Jan. 1'2, 1814, and was a son of Seldon and Mary Churchill, nee Duel ; his father was a native of Connecticut; his mother if Mas- sachusetts. They settled in 1790 in Otsego Co, N. Y., where they resided until their death. The mother died in 1818 ; his father in 1864. The subject of this memoir received his primary education in the common schools of his native county, and at- tended the academy at Utica, N. Y., two terms. Afterward en- gaged in farming. In 1848 he came to Scott Co., Iowa, anil bought and improved 6,000 acres of land. He returned to New York Nov. 2, 1851. and was there married ro Mary Elmina Hull, who was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Feb. 8, 1828. Soon alter their marriage the}' returned to Scott Co., Iowa, where they have since resided, and where he has been engaged in improving farms. In 1863 he moved to the city of Davenport, and is now managing his farms, which consist of 640 acres of lan Maria D. Meyer occurred Feb. 12, 1S57. She was born in Oldenburg, Germany. Her fathur, John F. Meyer, came to America in 1S48; he made three trips to Germany where he died in Bevensen, Hanover, in November, ISSl ; his wife died in 18*38, in St. Louis; Mo. In September, 1857, Mr. and Mrs. Ciarenbacli removed to liC Claire, la., where he opened a grocery store and resided there until March, 1863, when he came to Davenport. He was engaged successively in the grain business, as partner in the tlrm of Richter, Henseler and Co., Davenport Plow Manufactory, in the insurance business, assessor of the city of Davenport, and located in his present business Nov. 1, 1880. Mr. and Mrs. Ciarenbacli cele- brated their silver wedding on the 12th of February, 1882. They have one child, Hedwig, born Nov. 12, 1857. Mr. C. owns a nice residence on Main street. No. 714, wliere he resides. t. G. Clamen, architect, 207 W. 3d street, is a native of Schleswig, Germany, born Feb. 7, 1848. He learned the art of architecture in his native country. In 1869 he came to Scott Co., la., and located in Davenport, embarking in business f u- himself in 1870. He does all kinds of work of the fiuest descri]>rion. He made the draft plan for the Kimball House, also for many of the finest business blocks and dwellings in this city. He does a very extensive and profitable business. His marriage with Miss J. Lischer occurred in November, 1873. They have three children — Etta, Olga and Rudolph. Mr. Clausen is alderman of the 2d Ward. John Cleland, dentist, dental rooms, 127 East 3ii street, 'was born in Perry Co., Pa., Nov. 26, 1827. He was a son of James and Jane (Sutch) Cleland, who had 11 childi-en. John was the eldest. He attended school until 20, then studied medicine with Dr. A. Valershong at. New Columbia, Pa., three ytars; tlien attended the Dental College of S. S. AVhite, at Philadelphia, Pa. He prac- ticed medicine and dentistry first at New Bloomtield, Pa., then at Monmouth, 111., and Keithsburg, 111., where he remained until 1868, then located at Andalusia, 111., where he followed the practice of medicine and dentistry until Aug. 1, 1881, when he located in Davenport. Dr. Cleland married Miss Eliza J. Brown, of Penn- sylvania ; she was a daughter of Thomas and Margaret Brown. Mr. and Mrs. Cleland have four children, viz. : Anna, who married Aaron Eby ; they reside on theii- farm in Audubon Co., Iowa. Cora married Joseph Tof, and they reside at E.xira, Iowa. Kate married Polo llichards; they reside in Andalusia, 111., and Will- iam married Emma Richards, and they also reside at Andalusia, 111. Dr. Cleland is one of the leading dentists and representative itizens of Davenport, and in politics a Republican. CITY OF DAVEXPORT. 817 I:.lh/ia E. CoofswAS: born in Northampton Co., N. C, Oct. 15, lSl-1. Ue was left an orphan in his int'iincv and was reared by a Mrs. Wiman until 1'2 years old. She was a distant relative of Daniel Boone. Mr. Coats never attended school in his life, but was educated thoroughly in the school of hard work. In 1839 he came to Scott County and located in Rockingham, then the county seat, lie entered 80 acres in Bufl'alo township, now owns 1<>0 acres there. lie removed to the city of Davenport in March, 18S1. lie was married Jan. 5. 1837, to Slary Se.xton. They have had eight children — James M., Charlotte A., John L., Emily J., Mary, Kicli- ard W., Elisha and Eliza L. All have now left the shelter of the home roof and are settled in homes of their own. Mr. Coats is now enjoying the substantial results of a successful life, after a long period of ])atient toil and untiring energy, these conjoined with prudence and good management have produced the usual result — success. Georffe ConkJin., owner of the Atlantic Hotel, J20, 422, and 424 Perry street, was born in Prague, Austria, Aug. 10. 184.5. He came to America with his parents, Jacob and Kate (Yock) Conklin, when he was nine years old. Tiiey settled at Corona, on Long Isl- and, N. Y. George received an education at that ])lace. end worked in a china factory at Hunter's Point, until Jul}-, 18G7. w-hen he came to Davenport. He worked in the Chicago, Rock Island lV: Pacific sho])s si.x years, then opened a restaurant at the corner of Fifth and Perry streets, which he conducted five years, then sold it, and built the Atlantic Hotel. He operated this liotel until Octo- ber 188], w)»en he rented it and retired from active life. He was married Aug. 4, 1800, to l\Iary. daughter ol Frank and Mary Ploner, natives of Austria. Mr. and Mrs. Conklin had one child, George, wlio died in 1878. They are members of St. Anthony's Parish Catholic Church. He is a Demucrat. Taahle Cornets, tailor at the dye-works, 223 Perry street, was born in Sciileswig Ilulstein. Germany, Sept. 24, 1832. His pa- rents were Peter and Eliza Cornels nee Claussen. Jacob attended school until he was 10 years old, when lie learned the tailor's trade, and in ls.53 lie emigrated to the United States, landing at Kcw Orleans, where he remained until the s])ring of 1S.">4, when became to Daven]iort. Si.x months later lie went to Moline, 111., and worked at iiis trade there until February, 1864, when he enlisted in Company G, 47th Illinois Infantry, and remained in the service until the close of the war. He then returned to Moline. and in the spring oi 1873 came to Davenport, where he has followed his trade since. He was married to Miss Eliza Buck, in April, 1872. She was born in Sciileswig, Germany, and was a daugliter of Charles Buck, of that place. Tiiree children have been born of this union — Willie, Emil and xVngeniau. Mr. Cornets is a member of K. P., Davenport Lodge, No. 30, and United Brotlierhood of Iowa, Lodge No. 2. 818 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Theodore Cramer, pianist, was born of Valentine and Elizabeth Cramer, at Christiania, tlie capital of Xorway, in the year 1S4S. lie left the gyninasiuni and was about to enter the university with a view of studying philology. He suddenly abandoned the literary career for which his parents had destined him and devoted himself to the study of music. lie took lessons of Newport and Ursin, two well-known graduates of the conservator^' at Berlin, at the age of 16. He did not put into practice his knowledge of music until his arrival in this country in his 18th year. He made a sliort sta3- in Chicago, 111., where he associated himself with Henry Le Clure, the celebrated violinist. As Chicago contained an abundance of pianists of the highest standing he resolved to go farther west- ward. Having heard Davenport highl}' spoken of as a musical city he came here, and his success as a teacher of music has ex- ceeded his most sanguine expectations. He is thoroughly educated in the art and is an excellent teacher. His mother and sister reside with him at No. 726 Main street. Robert S. Davis, grocer, 330 Locust street, was born in Golden Grove, Kings Co., Ireland, Dec. 26, 1824-, and was a son of Thomas and Sarah E. ( Milten ) Davis, of Irish nationality. Robert S. left school when he was 12 j-ears old, and clerked in a dry goods and grocery store until 1850, when he immigrated to the United States. He went to Philadelphia, where he was superintendent of one of the piers belonging to the P. & R. R. R. Co., shipping coal to nearly all parts of the world. In 1S56 he left there and went to Elizabethport, N. J., and engaged in the same business there two years, then returned to Ireland and engaged in the gjocery busi- ness at Bray and at Dalkey. He remained there until 1S6G, when he came again to America, and was engaged with t])e Central R. R. Co. of Elizabethport, N. J., as car-record clerk five years, then traveled for a wholesale grocery house in Philadelphia four years, and at tiie expiration of that time he came to Davenport, where he has engaged in the grocery business since He was married to Mary A. Owens, in Bra}', Ireland, Sept. 8, 1862. She was born in County Carleybridge, "Wexford, Ireland. Five children have been born by tJiis union — Thomas J., Frederic G., Anna L. and William H. Sarah E. died Nov. 29, 1879. Mr. Davis is a Mason and a member of Richmond Lodge, Pa., No. 230, and was Master of this lodge. He has ti-aveled quite extensively, and has visited all the principal cities of England, Ireland, Wales and the United States. Claus Delfs, a natii'e of Holstein, Germany, was born Dec. 23, 1828. His father, Claus Delfs, was born at that place and died therein 1S76; his mother, Katharine (Gripp) Delfs, died in Hol- stein in 1880. Claus Delfj:, Jr. , left his German home for America April 1, 1851, arriving in New York Apr. 18 of that year. He immediately located in Davenport, where he has since been en- gaged in plastering. He was married to Henrietta Eggers Oct. 18, 1854, in this city. To them have been born seven children, CITY OF UAVENPORT. 819 two surviving — Mamie and Luira. Mr. and Mrs. Dolt's are tiiem- bers of the Lutheran church, and he votes witii the Kejjublican ])arty. Mr. Dell's served in the German ariu}' two and one-half years. Edwo'd II'. D/,'X»), of the tinn of Paige, Dixon A: Co., among the most extensive lumber dealers in this city, was born Sept. 11, 1S33, in Cornwall, Ontario, and is a son of James E. and Margaret Dixon, ttee Poapst, of Cornwall, Ontario. Edward was educated in the common schools of his native place. He worked in his father's dry-goods store and saw and grist mill until he was 16 years old. when his father sold out. He then worked on the river during the summer seasons and worked in a dry-goods store in the winter, until he was 21 years of age, when he formed a E^rtnership with his father in the grain and produce business, in ondon, Ontario. At the expiration of a year, his father disposed of his stock to liim and he conducted the business alone for seven years. He spent two years in the mercantile business in Bar- aboo. Wis. He engaged in the wholesale and retail dry-goods business here under the firm name of J. Dixon & Sons, which continued five years. He then entered into the employ of U. N. Roberts & Co., and remained with them one year. Then embarked in the lumber business with J. L. Davies (fe Son, i-emainiiig with them until the close of their business. He again entered the employ of U. N. Roberts & Co., and while with them the jtresent firm of Paige, Dixon & Co. was contem- ])lat.!d and organized on the purchase of the mill pro])erty of the estate of John L. Davies. Tliey have an immense trade and are one of the most enterprising and energetic business firms of Davenport. Mr. Dixon was married July 15, 1856, to Miss Eliz- abeth McDongall, a native of E'linburgh, Scotland. They have six children — Emma, Charles, Lillie, Maggie, Ida and Harry. Mr. Dixon was educated in the R',!])nblican school of politics and still adheres to that ])arty. In religious profession he is a Presbyte- rian. Alonso P. Doe, of tlie firm of Br3'ant& Doe, Nos. 207 and 209 Brady street, was born March 25, 1837 in Cumberland Co., Maine. His father, Charles D,»e, died in September, 1873, in Maine. Mother Chai'lotte (Hennetfi Doe resides with her son Alonso in this city. The subject of this sketch came to D.ivenjjort in 1866 and began business in the store he now occupies, and with his present partner, Mr. Bryant. He was married to Julia M. Bryant in June, 18(54, in Windsor, Maine. To them liave been born two children — Edith B. and Alice M. In politics Mr. Doe is independent, voting alwavs fir the best man. Michael Donahue, manufacturer of steam engines, mill (rearing. Corn mills, etc., and ]iresident of the Daven]>ortAVater- Works, Front and Scott streets, was born in (rliisgow, Scotland, Feb. 9, 1817, and was a son of Peter and Ma y Dunahue, natives of Ireland. Michael came to this country in 1S30, and worked in foundries in various 820 HISTORY OF SCOTT COrNTT. cities of the East some time, then went South and worked on steamboats. In 1846 he enlisted in the Mexican war, in Co. A, First Reg., Ohio Vols., and remained in the service one year; then built a foundry for the Government attlie mouth of the Rio Grande, and sta3'ed there doinw Government work and repairing steamboats until the close of the war. He then started overland with a party to California; was nearly two years making the journey; had to fight their way through, arriving at their destination in 1849. He built the first foundry and melted the first iron in that part of the country. In 1S54 he-came to Davenport. la., and bought the foun- dry he now owns. In 1872 or '73 Mr. Donaliue and his brother Peter built the Davenport AVater- Works, of which Michael is now president. Peter Donahue resides in S:in Francisco, Cal.; owns the San Francisco & Pacific R. R., also a line of boats. Our subject married Miss Ester A. Alexander. Tiiey have two children — Mamie and James, attendants of the Georgetown College. Mr. Donahue has been mayor of Davenjjort two years. He was nius- ered into the service of the Mexican war at Camp Washington, Cincinnati, and was the first volunteer to enlist. Everything he possesses has been accumulated by his own untiring energy, andho is justly entitled to the appellation of a self-made man. John Donaliue. son of John Donahue. Sr., was born in Alleghany Co., Pa., Apr. 26, 1836. He was reared and educated in Pittsburg, Pa. He went to Burlington, la., in 1855 and there learned the marble cutter's trade. In 1858 he returned to Pittsburg and worked at his trade there until 1860, when he came to Davenport and established the present partnership with Mr. McCosh. Mr. Dona- hue was married in November, 1863, to Lizzie Sprague, of Ohio. They have one son, Milton. Mr. Donahue is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the ^Northwestern Masonic Aid Asso- ciation of Chicago. F. W. Downs, Superintendent of the Daven])ort School Fur- niture Co., 113 East Front street, was born in ,New Haven, Conn. Dec. 31, 1845. His parents were Willis and Martha (Sperry) Downs, natives of Connecticut. The former was born in October, 1819, in Mt. Carmel, that State, and is a machinist by trade. In 1849 he went to California and remained two years, tlien returned to New Haven. In 1866 be became a resident of the city of Dav- enport, where he engaged in the undertaker's business until the fall of 1868, when he helped to remodel the steamer " Iowa City," and afterward bought her, and the day after purchasing her she sank. She was raised and used as a raft- boat on the river after- ward. In 1876 Mr. Downs bought the Forrest Block, between Third and Fourth strfets, on Perry, which he still owns. In May, 1880, he bought the Davenport School Furniture Factory in com- pany with S. A. Jennings, which is still under their management. They occupy a building four stories high, 150x20 feet, and manu- facture all the latest improved school and church furniture, employ- ing from 16 to 20 skilled workmen. F. W. Downs, the subject ot CITY OF DAVEXPORT. 821 this sketch, learned the machinist's trade, and worked at that until June, 1808, when he worked as pilot and engineer on liis father's boat, '-Iowa City." From 1871 to May, 1880, he worked at the fur- niture trade, then received his present situation as superintendent of tlie furniture tHCtory. lie was married to Mary L. Shannon May 2 of that year. He went to Davenport and went to work at his trade of butchering. In the fall of 1854 he commenced business for himself. He was united in marriage with Frances Schmelzle on tiie 16th of August, 1858, in Davenport. Of their six children the following are living: Anna, Augusta, Charles, and Otto. Mr. Eckhardt is Kepnblican in politics, and one of the substantial men of the city. Charles EcJchardt, salesman for Schricker & Mueller, lumber dealers and owners of the sa^v-mill, corner 2d and Scott streets, was born in Holstein, Germany, July 31, 1821, and was a son of D. and Anna (^Vett) Eckhardt, natives of Germany, where they died. Charles emigrated to the United States in June. 1849, and went to Wisconsin, where he remained 6 months, then spent 1^ years in St. Louis.Mo., coming to Davenport, at the expiration of that time. He worked at the carpenter''s trade until 1856, then farmed until 1859, when he again commenced working at his trade. In 1862 he accepted a situation as salesman in the store of Frencii & Davis and remained in their employ until 1868. From 1868 to 1878, he engaged in the grocery business, on West 2d street. Since that time has held his present situation. He was married in this city, March 14, 1853, to Christina Greve. of Holstein, Ger- many. They have had nine children, five living — Gustav, Charles, George, Louis and Anna. In jiolitics Mr. E. is a Republican. Timm iLcJcmann, a son of Claus and Abel (Johnson) Eekmann, natives of Holstein, German 3% where oursubi'ect was also born Jan. 30, 1829. He emigrated to the United States in April, 1852, and landed in iS'ew York after a journey of 49 days. In July of that 3'ear he came to Daven])ort, remained here a short time, tlien went to Clinton, Iowa, where he engaged as a farm laborer a short time. He returned to this city and worked in a brick-yard for Ilarvej' Leonard and Louis Holbert a number of years. lie has been en- gaged in the grocery and hardware business in the store which he now occupies. No. 901 West 3d street, for the past 13 years, anil does a thriving business. He was married July 6, 1S57. in Daven- iiort, to AViebke Kuehl. They have had two children, one living, George. Mr. Eekmann is a Rejniblican. Col. Ilenr)/ Egherf, of the firm iA Egbert, Fidlar & Chambers, printers, binders, and blank-book manufacturers, 317 and 319 Brady street, was born in Newcastle, Delaware. Dee. 22, 18:i6. Ills parents were Christian and Elizabeth (Austin) Egbert. He was a 4S 826 HisTOKT OF scorr county. native of Amsterdam, Holland, and came alone to America when 14; he followed the sea and became captain of ships. She was a na- tive of Delaware. They had six children. Col. H. attended school until 15, when he engaged in the grocery trade at Philadelphia, Pa., until 1847, then ran a saw-mill on Hocking River, seven miles trom Logan, Ohio, until 1S56, when he came to Scott Co., Iowa; he bought and ran a farm in Cleona township, until Aug. 14,1861, when he enlisted in Co. C, Second Iowa Cavalry, as iirst sergeant, and seven days after was elected captain of iiis company; was wounded at the battle of Farmington. Miss., — a piece of shell struck him in the left thigh. He returned home for 40 days, when he joined his regiment. He was in all the battles of his regiment, until May, 1863, when, owing to wounds and illness returned home. In 1864 he again went into tlie field as lieut. -colonel of 44th Iowa Infantry, and Marcli 1, 1865, was appointed provost-marshal nf the Second District of Iowa, and he closed up the provost-marshal business of the entire State, receiving his iinal discharge from the service Jan. 1, 1866. The Colonel then " turned his sword into a plow-share" and returned to his farm. In the fall of 1869 he was elected county treasurer and held that ottice four year.s and since then he has been engaged in the printing, binding and blank-book busi ness. In the fall of 1879 he was elected Republican Representa- tive to the Iowa Legishxture. Colonel Egbert married Miss Eliza- beth G. Sudlow, Mav 12, 1850. She was born in X. Y. Her parents were Richard and Hannah Sudlow. . Mr. and Mrs. CijI. Egbert are members of the First M. E. Church. He is a Mason and member of Davenport Lodge. No. 37, A.F. efe A.M., A.O.U.W. Lodge, Xo. 17, and in politics he is a strong supporter of the Republican party. He is one of Davenport's Representative men and has been identified with Scott County since 1856. D. C. Eldridge. — Among the early settlers ol Scott County, and the successful men of Iowa, may fairly be placed the name of D. C. Eldridge. He was born in Woodbury, X. J., Aug. 3, 1801. His parents Josiali and Sarah Eldridge, nee Middleton, were natives of New Jersey. They removed to Haddonfield, that State, when D. C. was about eight years old. He here learned the brick layer and plasterer's trade, and was married to Miss Rachel Brown. Jan. 8, 1823. In May, 1825, Mr. Eldridge moved to Rochester, N. Y., where his wife died in 1827, having been the mother of three chil- dren. His second nuxrriage occurred in Cincinnati, O., Nov. 4, 1829, to Miss Rebecca Lippincott. She was born in New Jersey, and was a daughter of Micajah and Sarah (Roberts) Lippincott, natives of that State. Of their seven children, two are living — ■ Charles H. and Micajah L. InlS35 Mr. Eldridge went to Galena, 111., and in the fall of 18o6 he opened a store, where the city of Davenport now stands. In 1837 he was appointed postmaster here, and May 3 of that year his daughter, Sarah E., was born, be- ing the first female white child born in Davenport. Mr. Eldridge remained in the postoffice until 1852, being out during Pope's ad- CITY OF DAVENPORT. 827 ministration, when he rpsis'ned the ofKce. He has followed the drug, grocery and dry -goods business since his residence here; also farinef Davenport, pa)*iig$1.25 an acre for it, and sold it for 8125 in 1872, realizing 10,()i)() per cent, on the investment. On Feb. 12, 1846, he ivturned tn Philadelphia, settled up his business there and came back to Davenport on Nov . 20, of that year. Pie was married June 1. 1848, to Miss Mary Woodward, of Burlington, N. J., who died in December, 1849. On June, 25, 1851, he married Miss ilary Williams, of Newark, N. J. Her parents were C. C. Williams ami Eliza nee Miller, natives of New Jersey. Of eight childreti born ot this union, six are living — Lizzie, Kate. Frank, Minnie, Jennie and George. Mr. Eldridge is a member of Scott Division, No. 1, Sons of Temper- ance, and the oldest member except one in the State of Iowa, having been a member since Nov. 16, 1847. In politics he is rather indc]>endent. but wa* formerly a Republican, being a dele- gate to the convention at Iowa City in 1856, at the organization of the Republican ])arty. Was also a delegat^e from Iowa to Cincin- nati, to the convention that nominated Horace Greeley. He built and owns most of I'21dridge, Iowa, the town having been named for him, as is Eldridge I'own, Dakota, Ter., where he is interested in the Davenport farm of 3,000 acres. He owns about 10,000 acres of land in Iowa, Nebraska and Dakota, and has 53 tenants in Davenport, and a tine residence at 1,530 Farnam street. He has always been foremost in ever)' work that would conduce to the prosi)erity and improvement of Davenport, and merits and receives the esteem and confidence ot his fellow-citizens. 828 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Micajah L. Eldridge, real estate and loan ao'ent, 210 Brady street, was born in Davenport, Aug. 22, 1845, and was a son of D. C. and llebecca (Lip])incott) Eldridge, residents e came to Davenport wiiere, in 1876, he established a plumber and gas-litter's shop, and at present is located at the ab')ve numbnr where he is'Prepared to fill all orders in his line of business. He was married Feb. 12, 1881, to Miss Hannah Looft, of this city, and a daughter of Peter and Margaretta (Ilaak) Looft. Mr. Eyer is a member of the Schutzen and Druids societies, and is one of our enterprising business men. Frederick C. Fahrenhrug, dealer in paints, oils, glass, putty, varnishes, brushes, etc., corner of Third and Harrison streets, was born in Falereu, Holstein, Germany, Nov. 30, 1847. His parents were Jochen and Wilhelmena (Strohbeen) Fahrenkrng. They had two children, both living. Frederick C, wiien two or three years of age, emigrated with his parents to America, landed in New Orleans, La., thence to Davenport, Iowa, arriving here in 1850. He attended school and learned the cigar-maker's trade, until 15 when he went with his mother to San Francisco, Cal., whei'e he learned the painter's trade, which he followed seven and a-half years in San Francisco, then retured to Davenport and worked at his trade until 1877, wlien he opened his present paint and oil store at southwest corner Third and Harrison streets, where he carries a full stock of paints, glass, putty, varnishes, etc. He mar- ried Miss Frederica Krnse, Dec. 11, 1S72. She was born in New York; her parents were Christopher and Ma.ia (Miller) Kruse. Mr. and Mrs. Fahrenkrng have had five childre?i, four living, viz.: John F. W., Lilly, Mamie and Frederica. Mr. Fahrenkrng is a member of the United Brotherhood, of Iowa, and Turner Society. He his one of Davenport's enterprising business men and has been identified with it since 1S50. In politics he is Independent. CITT OF DAVENPORT. 829 Edwin I'liy^ wliolesrile dealer in paper baijs. flour sacks, wood ami willow ware, groceries, sundries, etc., Hit Brady street, estab- lished this l)usiness in 1867, as Fay h Smith; but in August, 1878, the tirin was burned out. Since that time Mr. Fay has conducted the business alone. lie was born in Jlilan, Erie Co., O., Dec. 1.5, 1830, and was a son of Lyman Fay and Clara Louise nee Kellogg, a relative of Clara Louise Kellogg, of musical fame. Lyman Fay was a physician in early life, but in later years a merchant, con- tractor and builder. Edwin attended the Milan schools until 17 years of ago, when lie embarked in the mercantile business in New London. O. He followed this branch of business in Ashland, O., two years, and in Rock Island, III., one year. lie became a resi- dent ot Davenjiort in 1^54. and has here won for himself a name, as a man of e.xcellent business qualifications and unimpeachable integritv. lie was marrieil in April, 1858, to Elizabeth R., daugh- ter of Capt. Daniel Putnam, a relative of Gen. Putnam, of Revc- Intionary fame. ^Mr. and Mrs. Fay have had four children — EvaC, Ilattie E.. George E., and John P.. who died in infancy. In religious profession Mrs. Fav is anEpiscopalian. Mr. Fav is a member of Trinity Lodge, A. F. A: A. M., No. ■_>(»8. Peter Fedderstii^ proprietor Washington Park, corner Marquette and Leonard streets, was born on the I5th of December, 1828, in Ilolstein, Germanv, and was a son of Peter and Katherine Fedder- sen, natives of Germany, where tliey both died. The subject of this memoir cmiifrated to the United States in 1857, and located at once in Davenport. lie worked as farm laborer two years, then engaged in farming for himself nine years in Liberty township, this county. Failing iiealth obliged him to give up the arduous duties of farm life, and lie returned to Davenport. He lived a retired life 12 years, then bought the Washington Park propert3', and has had charge of it since, llis marriage with Dorothea .Tube ocurred Nov. 9. 1859. in Liberty township. She was horn in llol- stein, Germany. They have had three children — Katharine, Peter and Mary. The family are members of the Lutheran church. John B. tidUtr, cashier of the Frst National Bank, Davenport, was born in Jacksontown, Licking Co., Ohio, .\Iay l(i, 1839. He was a son of Samuel P. antl and Maria M. ( Moore) Fidlar, he of Pennsylvania and she of Ghio. They were members of the M. E. ciiurch and hail a family of four sons and two daughters. John B., tlie snlvject of this sketch, attended school until 14 in Licking Co., Oiiio, when his parents moved to Delaware, Ohio, lie attended the Ohio Wesleyan University two years, then followed the house and sign painter's trade three year.-!, when he was employed as American Express agent at Burlington, Iowa, until the outbreak- ing of the war, when in August. 1802, he enlisted as a private in Company D, 25th Io«'a Infantry Volunteers. Was promoted from private on up to captain; was in the battle at Arkansas Post, Vicksbnrg, Jackson, Miss., luka, Cherokee Station, and some 30 engagements of his regiment; was wounded in the forearm with 830 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COUNTY. a musket ball, and laid in the hospital at luka three months; was mustered out at Washington, D. C, at the close of the war. He then returned to his position as express agent at Burlington, Iowa, until 1S7<'), when he was apijointed a position in the First National Bank in Davenport, and in 1S7S was appointed liis present position as cashier of this bank. Mr. Fidlar was married to Miss Louisa Harper, Sept. 16, 1868. She was born at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, and was a daughter of W. AV. Harper and Mary A. ( Lunbeck ) Harper. Mr. and Mrs. John B. Fidlar have one child, viz.: AVillie Fidlar. Mrs. Fidlar is a member of the Baptist church. Mr. Fidlar is a Mason and member of Trinity Lodi^e, xso. 208, Dav- enport Chapter, No. 16, E. A. M., and A.'O. U.W. Lodge, No. 17, and is a charter member of this lodge. Is a member of lio^'al Arcanum Sumner Council. 511, V. A. S. Fraternity, Stella Col- legium, and in politics a Republican, and is one of Davenport's enterprising representative men, and has been identified with this city since 1S70. Bernard O. Finger^ money-order clerk, postoffice department, Davenport, was born in Covington, Ky., Oct. 25, 1854-, and is a son of Bernard Finger, Sr., Police Magistrate and Justice of the Peace of Davenport township, and Margaret, nee Arndt. They came to Davenport when Bernard, Jr., was about two years old. He gradu- ated from No. 5 grammar school and was a pupil in the high school two terms. A7hen he was 16 years old he went to Pine River, near AVarsaw, AVis., and measured lumber for John L. Davies^fe Son two seasons, when he received his present appoint- ment of money -order clerk, at Davenport. He has held this position nine years, and has ever been faithful in the discharge of his duties, and given universal satisfaction. He is an active mem- ber of the Davenport Boat Clnb, and politically is a Repiiblicm. B'-rnard Fiiujcr, Justice of the Peace and Police Alagistrate of the cit}- of Davenport, was born in Prussia, Germany, Aug. 27, 1824, and was a son of Francis and Jdliamia (Eleon) Finger, na- tives of Germany. He came to the United States in 1848, and went to St. Louis, Mo., where he soon obtained employment as clerk in a dry -goods store. In 18.49 he left St. Louis for'^AViscon- sin, and in partnersliij) with a counti-yman of liis embarked in the mercantile business in Megnon. He remained there until 1852; then spent a short time in Beardstown, III., and in Cincin- nati, O., locating in Davenport, in 1846. In January, 1863, he was appointed by Governor Yates as first lieutenant in the 16th Cav. Regimental Commissary. He -acted as post adjutant at Camp Butler five months; then went with the regiment to Cumberland Gap, Tenn., and soon afterward was appointed post commissary at Tazewell, Tenn. In February, 1864, the regiment was ordered to Mt. Pleasant, Ky., there reorganized and prepared for the Geor- gia campaign. Mr. Finger was appointed brigade commissary on the staii of Col. E. AV". Crittenden, and in ALiy was attached to Gen. L. Stoueman's cavalry corps and sent to Georgia, and re- CITV OF DAVENPOKT. 831 mained witli the command until the surrender of Athinta. Ho was tlien attached to Gen. Wilson's cavahy corps, .against llixid, at the siege of Nashville. Durino^ this time was also made quarter- master of the regiment, and in one night in tiiis campaign was promoted from regimental to brigade commissary, and 15 min- utes later was appointed division commissary of Gen. Johnson's stall. At tlie close of the war he returned to Davenport. He resumed liis position as bookkeei>er at French it Davies' and renuained with them until 1SG9. He engaged in the grocery busi- ness two years; was then elected Davenport City and township assessor, and re-elected to this office every year until 1S76, when he was elected to his present office of justice of tlie peace. In 1881 he was elected police magistrate, lie was married April 8. lSo2, to Margaret, daughter of J'. L. Arndt. They have had nine children, eight living: P.ernard, money order clerk at the Daven- port ]iosti»ffice; Rudolph, a civil engineer in Dakota; Eugene, asst. dejiuty clerk of the County Court; Thecla, engaged in school teach- ing; Gustavus, Julia, Johanna N. and Edgar. Johanna, the oldest child, now deceased, was ap])ointed, by Mr. Russell, money order clerk, a position she held two and a half years, when her health failed, and she died soon after. Mr. Finger has been a member of the Rej)ublican party since its organization. Ilohert Fleming is a native of Ireland, born in the county of Tyrone in 1S06. He is tlie sou of John and Rebecca Fleming, both natives of the same country. Mrs. Fleming's maiden name was Navilie. Tlie parents of Robert came to America in 1818, and located in Pickaway Plains, O., where they subsequently died. Robert did not come to this ci)niitry until 1831, when he was 25 years of ago. He also located in Pickaway Plains, but only re- miined tiiore a year and a half, when he moved to Lockburn, Franklin Co., in the same State, where he followed his trade of baker, which he learned in the old country, for about six years. Desiring a change he visited Qnincy and Springfield, 111., Burling- ton, la., and other places, and finally located in Davenport in 1838. He brought with him to this place a large amount of Hour, witii the intention of engaging in the bakery trade. He only made one lot of bread, and then concluded to dispose of his flour and engage in other business. At this time flour was a scarce arti- cle, and he refused to sell but a limited amount to each family. When one applied to him tor fldur, he first asked him how many were in his family, and would then only sell him a certain number of pounds for each individual. It mattered not whether the appli- cant had the money or not, he let him have the flour. He says that lie never lost the amount due him but from one man, the indi- vidual denying that he received the amount of flour stated. Mr. Fleming kept no record, and only knew the amount due him by the number in the family, and as the j^arty questioned tlie correct- ness of his bill, he told him he could keep it all. When Mr. Fleming disposed of his flour he purchased a piece of land is 832 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Davenport township, wliere he engaged in farming a few years, then sold out and moved to Wapello Co., la., whei-e he re- mained two years, engaged in farming. While in Wapello he married the widow of his brother James, in 1S57. Mrs. Flem- ing was born in Franklin Co., 0. Two children were born unto them — James R., born in 1858; Henry, born in 1859, and dying in infanc}'. Mrs. Fleming had five children by her first husband, four of whom are now living. Mr. Fleming was compelled to take back his farm in Davenport township, and therefore sold his farm in Wapello County and moved back. He remained on the farm some years and then moved to the city. Mrs. Fleming died in 187S. John Foley, grocer, 1614 Harrison street, was born in County Leitrim, Ireland, May 15, 1850, of Jolm and Ann (Cramer) Foley, natives also of that place. The subject of this memoir was reared on a farm in Ireland and emigrated to the United States in 1868. He went to New Haven, Conn., and worked in the carpenter shops of the jS[. H. & N. H. H. R. for two years; traveled for them four years, then went to Chicago, 111., and took a contract for building sewers for two years. He conducted a coal and wood yard three years, then came to Davenport and established his pres- ent business and has met with good success in his line of trade, and carries a complete stock of staple and fancj' groceries. He was married to one of his own country women, Margaret Flynn, June 6, 1878. She was a daughter of James and Margaret (Rourke) Flynn. Mr. and Mrs. Foley have one child — Mary A. Mr. Foley was formerly a member of A. O. H. and at present is a member of the Irish Land League. John Forrest. Among the early settlers of Davenport, in the year 1837, when on the site of the present large city was but a small village with few inhabitants, may be found tlie name of John Forrest, now one of Davenport's affinent citizens, enjoying the memories of the past, as well as the substantial results of a success- ful life, after a long period of patient toil, firm perseverance, but restless activity of thought. These, conjoined with prudence and good management, added to quickness of perception and prompti- tude of action, have produced tlie usual result — success. Jolm Forrest was born in the town of Russia, Herkimer Co., jNew York, on the 14th of July. 1807. His parents were natives of Ireland and were among the first settlers upon what was known as the '' royal grant," where they lived to an advanced age, dying within a few months of each otlier. Young Forrest commenced life as a farm boy, assisting on his fatlier's tarm, and was reared to habits of economy and industry, which were of great aid to him in after life. He received a common-school education, and after attaining his majority accepted a situation as clerk in a store, re- maining as such two years, then going into the mercantile business for himself, which he followed successfully until 1S37, when, being drawn bythe current then prevailing, he startedWest, and in October, CITY OF DAVENI'OKT. 833 1837, lie started I'oi Davenport with Iiis faiiiil}', ami alter six weeks of hard travel via Erie canal. Lake Erie, Ohio canal, Ohio and Mis- sissippi River?, arrived in Davetiiwrt on the -ith of December, 1837. Duriin; the time thoy were in Uiirliiii^ton the Territorial Leg- islature of Wisconsin was in session, and the representatives of this county, without his application or knowlcdi;e. had a justice's com- mission from Henry Dodge, then governor of Wisconsin Territory, made out, and sent to him soon after his arrival. Cxovernment lands not having been offered for sale, there was much litigation about claims which could only be settled in a justice's court with 12 jurymen. This involved great costs and much excitement. This office he held by appointment ami elecition until June, 1845, when he was appointed postmaster, which office he held four years. ]y[r. Fori'est has tilled many offices of trust. He was alderman of his ward for several terms and for one term held the office of mayor in the absence of the mayor elect, General Sargent. lie was very active in the question of the contested county seat, and it was due perhaps more to him than any other man that it was conceded to Davenport. Li the election before the last a majority of 20 votes was for Rockingham. He and his friends succeeded in getting the supervisors of Dubuque County, to whom the returns were made, to delay the canvass and entry of record until they could satisfy them of the fraud on the part of Rocking- ham in conducting the elections. They were given three days in which to come from Dul)U([ue and return there again with the tes- timony. Mr. Eorrcst started out through tlie countr}', and as he found a party wiioiiad voted against tluin illegally he. as a justice, at once took his deposition, and within the time specified succeeded in obtaining the affidavits of a sufficient number to cast the vote in favor of Davenport, and the commissioners so recorded it. Mr. F. and his young wife made great sacrifices in leaving home, friends and society, and coining to the wilds of the far AVest to find themselves surrounded with savage Lidians, who were dissatisfied and restless, resulting from the then recenc Llack Hawk war. The few white settlers then on tlie west bank of the Mississippi River were in momentary and constant danger of being destroyed by these bloodthirsty savages. After years of hardships and privation, immigration began and society soon followed. Lnprovements com- menced in which Mr. F. took active interest, putting up sevei'al build- ings, among which were the brick block, corner Third and Brady street.', in 1849. occupied as a metlical college for some years, when they moved to Keokuk, where they now are. The most valuable im- provements were the large brick block corner ot Third and Perry streets, and finally the elegant and substantial brick block, corner of Fourth and Brady streets, which is an oriuunent to the city and a credit and a monument to himself, erected A. D. 1877, at a cost of about S20,000. He was married on tiie 28th of March, 1.^35, to Miss Annie E. McMasters. of Russia, New York, a lady of high attain- ments. Family consists of wife and four children now living. The 83i HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. two oldest, John G. and Eugenia R.,were born in the State of New York, the latter being but three months old when coming "West. George W. and "Willie II. were born in Iowa. Charles 11. was born June 17, 1S49, and died Oct. 31, 1S4-9, at the age of four and one-half months. Joim G. and George W. are married and now living in Clinton, Iowa. Willie H. is married and now living in Kansas City, Mo. Eugenia R. was married to the Hon. David S. True, Oct. 3, 18.59, who died after a protracted illness. April 23, 1S73. Mr. True was for many years before his death of the firm of Davison & True, leading and successful attorneys of this city. Mr. True was a man of acknowledged ability, and universally adniired and respected by all who had the pleasure of his acquaint- ance, and a model and indulgent husband. Mrs. True was married the second time to Prof. Noyes B. Miner, a gentleman of high literary attainments, on Dec. 30, 1878. They are now making the tour of Europe. The family home is one of the finest man- sions in the city, situated on an elevation overlooking the fatlier of waters and the cities of Davenport, Rock Island and Moline, 111. Mr. Forrest and wife were members of the Methodist church, having joined that faith more than 40 years ago. He is also a staunch member of the Sons of Temperance, and was one of the originators of the order in Iowa. He was educated in the Democratic school of politics, to which party he still adheres, and is an earnest advocate for reform. Mr. Forrest is a self-made man. Com- mencing life in straightened circumstances, he has, by his own indomitable energy and perseverance, made for himself a fortune, meriting and receiving confidence and respect of his fellow-citizens. Matt/mis Jfrahin, owner and proprietor of the Davenport City Brewery, 518 and 532 Harrison street, was born in Schleswig- Holstein, Germany, Aug. 9, 1821, son of Jurgen and Katrina Frahm, natives of Holstein, and the parents of 15 children. Mat- thias remained on his tatlier's farm until 21 years of age ; he then worked at the cooper's trade and in the brewery business. He served 16 months in the German army. In 1848 he came to Amer- ica; landed in New York, thence to Davenport in May, 1850. He worked on a farm six months, then in a cooper shop here IS months. In 1850 he began to build the brewery which he now operates. It is the largest brewery in the city and has a capacity of 14,000 barrels. They manufacture their own malt. In 18S1 they made 1,000 barrels. Mr. Frahm was married in October, 1850, to Katrina Milot, a native of Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Frahm have had four children, one living, Henry, who is foreman of the brewery. He started with two and a half barrels a day and now makes 80. He has all the latest brewing and drying apparatus. Z. trench^ M. D., 118 East Third street, was born in Broome Co., N". Y., on the 2d day of February, 1832. His parents were Eben- ezer S. and Anna French, nee Seward, his father a native of Massachnsetts, his mother of New York. He attended school, and assisted on his father's farm and in the saw-mill until he was 15 CITY OF DAVENPORT. 885 .years old, wlieii he attended the Binghamton Academy three years, and in tlie spring of 1859 he began the stndy of medicine nnder bis uncle S. II. French, at Lisle, N. Y. He graduated at Berk- shire Medical College, Tittsfield. Mass.. in 1S53. He practiced in Lisle, N.Y., and Hyde Park. Pa., until the fall of ISOLwhen became West and located at Ananiosa, Iowa. In the fall of ls62, he en- listed as surgeon in the 31st Regiment ot Iowa Infantry, and remained in the service until July, 1863, when lie resigned on account pf sickness and returned to Anamosa. In March, 1865, he located in Davenport, which has been his home since, and where he has met with good success as a ]-)ractitioner, standing at the head of his profession. He has been thrice married ; first in May, 1856, to Mary I>rockway. His second marriage was in 1864, to Miss Ellen L. Cook, daughter of Judge AVm. L. Cook. They hail one child — Nellie. Mrs. Ellen French died in December, ls'66, and in May, 1868, Dr. French was married to Miss Agnes Norval. who was born in England and came to Iowa at the age of 15. He has been a member of the Ma.sonic fraternity for the past .25 j-ears. Also a inemberof A. O. U. W., Daven])ort Lodge, No. 17. and of Iowa and Illinois Central District Medical Society and of the Iowa State Medical Societ}'. He lias been examining surgeon for ]iensions since 1863, and is president of the board in Davenport. Also a member of Scott County Medical Society. Ambrose C. Fulton. — We have before us a vast nunil)er of journals and documents connected with the ever active life of Am- brose C. Fulton, a descendant of one the P'ulton brothers, who came to this country from Ireland in 1747, one of whom was the father of Robert Fulton, who was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., in 1765, and invented and set afloat on the Hudson, in 1807, the steamboat "Clermont," the first successful steamboat ever launched. The ancestors of his mother, Esther Cowperthwaite, came from England to the new world in 1682. Tiie subject of our sketch was born in Chester Co.. Pa., in 1811. He worked on the farm of his parents until 1827, when he went to Philadelphia and acted as errand boy and assistant for an extensive builder. In 1831, with a small capital earned by himself, he sailed for a cruise on the coast of the Atlantic, and in the same year set- tled in New Orleans, and embarked in the commerce of Jamaica, Sicily, and Cuba for two years, in which he was very successful. After this he entered the building business, and erected a large number ot the public and private edifices now in New Orleans During his minority- he was on the stage for a short period in Pliiladeljihia and New Orleans, and some years thereafter was one of the company ofownersof the Arch St. Theater of Piiiladelphia. He pro8]iered in all his undertakings, and was able to purchase and pay $11,000 for New Orleans city jiroperty in 1^36. and had a reserve of several thousand dollars on hand which at that period was con- sidered a large sum of money. During 1835, Santa Anna, Dictator of Mexico, imprisoned witiiin the dungeons of the capital the repre- f36 HISTORY OF SCOTT COrNTT. sentatives of the tlien Mexican State of Texas, and issued his pro- nuncianiento requiring all Americans to leave Texas under pain of death. He increased his army and marched forth to enforce his de- cree. Mr. Fulton, though quite a young man at the time, called upon the friends of oppressed Texas, through the press, to join him and inarch to the rescue. The immediate result was that a volun- teer corps of over 300 young men was formed, which was tiie main force at the victorious battle of the mission, and the storming and capture of the fortified town cd'Baxar, which caused the withdrawal of all Mexican troops from the State, and ended the campaign of 1S35; which act eventually gave us Texas and California, and changed the destwiy of this Union. In July, 18i2, Mr. Fulton moved to Davenport, Iowa, bringing with him a large stock of goods, and a few years thereafter he opentd a branch store at (ralena. 111., with chy -goods which he removed from a store that he had owned several 3'ears in Phila- delpliia. In October, 1842, he built, andfreighted with agricultural products for the New Orleans market, the first flat-boat that ever cleared from the port of Davenport. This year, 184:2, Messrs. Fulton, Bennett and Lambert dammed the Wapsipinecon River in Buchanan County, and erected a tlour-mill. In the winter of 1842 and spring of 1843 he made a preliminary survey between Davenport and the Cedar River, near Rochester, with a view of working up a railroad, and also m'^de a survey of the Mississippi River above Davenport, took soundings to ascertain the depth of water and the formation of the bottom and banks, and the practicability of erecting a bridge, and laid the facts before a meeting id' the citizens of Davenport in 1S43, and published a re- port of liis survey in a Philadelphia journal in 1845. In 1842 he conceived the practicability of leading the waters of the Mississip- pi along the Iowa shore and creating a water-power ; purchased several miles of canal grounds and one of the islands in the river ; took levels and made surveys at a cost of several thousand dollars. The work was then abandoned as too heavy for a single individual. Previous to 1848 Davenport had no llour-mill. A metting was called to devise ways and means to secure one. Mr. Fulton pro- posed to furnish one-half of the capital to build and operate a first- class merchant flouring mill provided the citizens would furnish the other one-half. They declined, as the}' considered the under- taking too great and hazardous. He resolved alone to put a mill in operation, and immediately purchased the ground and erected a large brick structure. After ^11 was ready for the machinery he sold the mill to be completed by the purchasers. The citizens and farmers expressed great sorrow that he had sold the mill, and called on him by a committee to express their feelings. He re- plied, " Get the owner of the adjacent ground to sell me at a fair value, and I will erect another steam mill and operate it." "When shall we say to tlie owner you will commence work?" "Tell him I will commence to-morrow morning." The ground CITY OF D.VVJiNl'ORT. 837 was i>ur;lia-eil and I'uuiulation work cDininencud the next morning, and a $12.U00 mill erected and pu' in operation three days before tlie tirst 11)111 was run. The citizens assembled on that da}-, Jan. 15, 1848, and gave within the mill a complimentarj' dinner to Mr. Fulton and his employes, accompanied with toasts and well- wishes. In 184D he called a meeting of the citizens ot Davenjiort to take action toward the construe ion ot a railroad between Rock Island and LaSalle. in Illinois. Subscriptions were opened, and lie not only subscribed to^the stock to the extent of his ability, but at the onset almost alone and unaided held meetings in the towns, villages and country sclu)ol-houses of Iowa and Illinois. Finally the masses ot the ])eople embarked in the undertaking of its full comi)letion to Chicago. The citizens of Iowa desired to have the raili'oad line e.xtended west thr lUgh the State. To accomplish thi-; it was pro- posed to memorialize Congress for a grant of land. To work up a line and' circulate those memorials in a sparsely settled country re- quired time and money. Mr. Fulton, as ever, came to the rescue, and spent many months holding meetings through the State, and visiting farmers at their homes. lie iiaid his own expenses, and in due time his exertions were crowned with success, but, instead of a grant tor one railroad, three obtained a like favor, " many reaping wlicjhad not sown," and the bridge that he called the atten- tion of his neighbors to in 18i3, and the world to in 1845, was erected. In 184!) and 1850 Mr. Fulton wrote for an Eastern jour- nal a series of articles on Iowa, respecting her climate, soil and productions, which attracted the attention of the Eastern people and was instrumental in bringing into Iowa a large number of thrifty settlers who are now residing with ns. Previous to 1854 the city ot Davcn])ort did iiot])osscss a suitable cemetery. Mr. I'^uUon proj^osed to a few citizens to unite and pur- cliapointed to select a site and enter into contracts, which he did ; at this point the others declined the risk. He individually fultilled his contracts, ))aid for 72 acres of land, teaced and laid it out with three miles of cirri ige drive and nine miles of walks. ]ilanted 500 evergreen and other trees, and many costly tombs now mark the resting place of the departed. He still conducts Pine Hill. Mr. Fulton was elected and served as county commissioner for Scott Count}', and when tlie Democrats were in the ascendency he was twice nominated and ran as a Whig for the Lower House of the Genersil Assembly of Iowa, and was defeated by a small inaj >rity. Ill 1854 he was elected to the Iowa Senate by the Anti-Slavery Whigs by a large majority. He took the responsibility and or- ganized that body, fter one week's dead-lock, by voting for a Democratas president of the Senate. He also disobeyed the almost unanimous petition and request of his constituents by being in- 838 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. stniineutal in seiidincr lion. James Harlan to the United States Senate. In 1857 he was elected a life member of the Xorthwestern Freedmen's Aid Commission. During the Rebellion he furnished the war department with mil- itary maps of New Orleans and adjacent country, embracing Fort Jackson, tlie Mississippi River, lakes, canals, timber and swamp lands, depth of water and nature of the bottom, public roads and bridges, for which he received the personal thanks of Simon Cam- eron, then Secretary of War. He also furnished the then Mt. Ida College building in Daveiiport as a barracks for 'an Iowa regiment, and as a hospital, through which the property sustained great dam- age, and he received no compensation. He is without doubt the only man in Iowa, and perhaps in the Union, who quartered a regi- ment at his own individual cost. The journals before us witness that Mr. Fulton has not lived for self alone. In one good act he gave city lots for four cliurches; in an other instance, on the 10th of October, 1849, when the delegates from various States and cities assembled at Davenport in conven- tion to take action in respect to the improvement of the rapids of the Mississippi, he furnished the entire delegation with a splendid dinner at the Le Claire House at his own cost. He built without any compensation the first wagon bridge over Duck Creek, west of the Dubuque road, and elevated the roadways to connect with the bridge, and also the first bridge of note and road- ways in Cleoua Township. In 1865 he was in the grain and com- mission business in Chicago, and a member of the Ijoard of Trade. In 1867 he, through the press, advocated building a horse railroad, visited Philadelphia at his own expense to ol)tain facts and consult contractors, organized a home company, solicited stock, and was instrumental in the construction of a street car line east and west through the city. During the same year, 1867, he proposed to a neighbor, Mr. L. F. Parker, to join him and view the country northward for a railroad line to connect Davenport with St. Paul. The view was taken and considered favorably. In ISCS he drew up a stock subscription list which he headed with 85i000, went upon the street and after mnch labor obtained many thousand more. All action then ceased until 1869, when the mass of the people came forward and carried the work to completion. He was one of the original workers and stockholders of the New Orleans and Daven- port gas works. He erected for himself in New Orleans nine buildings and 37 in Iowa, all above the average class, and put 2,000 acres of land under cultivation. His advantages of an early education were quite limited. It embraced but a few winters at a country school. But to use his expression, he picked up some useful knowledge during the eve- nings of five years in the sky chamber of a kitchen in New Orleans, where he alternately read history, law, medical works, allopathic and homeopathic, attended a few medical lectures, and studied en- gineering. That he gained some knowledge his published reports crn- OF PAVENPORT. 839 and estiinates'iiiade under appointment of the Citizens' Association, to hi-iny the St. Piinl Railroad into the city, bear witness, and the court records and reports of New Orleans and Iowa, show tliat he to a limited extent has been a very successful practitioner. lie was one of the corporators of the Homeopathic Medical College of Phil- adelphia, and in January, 1S50, in connection witli Drs. Sanford and Richards, who with others were then conducting the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons at Davenport, undertook to estab- lish an allopathic medical college in Davenport. With this view, Mr. Fulton negotiated with the bishop of Dubuque for the purchase of the grounds and building then known as the Nunnery, on Third street, east of Perry street, and since converted into the Ackley House. Mr. Fnlton had drawn plans for remodeling the Nunnery, and posted them at the postofiice, when an indii^nant people de- clared that a medical college should not be established in Daven- port. The plans were destroyed, and even a grave in the city cemetery opened to see if the corpse was removed, and the medical faculty abandoned Davenport and located at Keokuk. I'red GenzJ'tnger merchant, located at the corner of Bridge avenue and Front street, was born in Peru, La Salle Co., III., Nov. 2J:, lS5-t. His parents were Anton, (now deceased), and Barbara G. Genzlinger of German nativity. Fred was educated at Peru and Davenport, and has been engaged in the mercantile business in the latter ])lace for some time. In religious sentiment he is a Con- gregationalist. He was educated in the Republican school of ])o!i- tics and still adheres to that part}'. Edwirnl 11. GifFord. proprietor of the Tricity laundry, 116 West Third street, bought this laundry of Geo. W. Fisher in May, 18SU. Under Mr. Gilford's management the laundry has been greatly im- proved, liavingput in the latest and best improvements foi-doingtirst class work. He employs Inexperienced women all the time. He was born in Muscatine, Iowa, April 7, 1S61, and was a son of E. H. and Nancy A. Gilford, natives of Illinois, and the parents of two children, W. D. Giftord, of the firm of Gifford, Sheels & Co., rope, twine and cordage manufacturers. Rock Island, 111., and the sub- ject of this sketch, who married Miss Nettie M. Roinidy, July 1, 18S0. She was born in Wisconsin, and was a daughter of P. W. and Jane A. Romidy, natives of that State. Mr. and Mrs. Gifford have one child Annie V. Mr. G. is one of our enterprising young business men, and is on the high road to success. Moritz Goldfriederich of the firm of Goldfriederich ik Thelman, spring wagon manufacturers, 312 Harrison .street, became one of the proprietors of this business in 1876. The factory was estab- lished in 1869, and since 1876 has been operated by its present owners. The}' occupy a two-story building, 80 x 25 feet, and have a blacksmith, trimming, varnisii, and paint sliop, and carry a complete line of bnggv wheels, springs, etc., and do all kinds of repairing. Moritz Goldfriederich was born in Saxtmy, Germany, June 23, 1S2U, and was a son of Benjamin J. and Christiana S. (Eck- 840 HisTOEr OF scorr county. liardt)Goldti'iedei-ich. Moritz learned the wagon-maker's trade in liis native conntr}', and ciiue to America in 1849. He went to "Wisconsin, thence to Cliicago, St. Louis and Cincinnati, kicating ill Davenport in 1S55. Previous to entering into his present busi- ness he worked 12 j-ears for Woeber & Bros. He was married July 27, 185-3, to Mary Wiedegen, of Hess, Germany. They have had 12 children, 6 living— Emily (now Mrs. August Kaine), Emma, Anna, Johnnie, Odelia and Caroline. Mr. Goldfriederich is a mem- ber of Scott Lodge, L O. O. F., No. 37. Carl Thelman was born in Hanover, Germany, March 5, 1833, and was a son ofJolin A. and Charlotte (Reck) Thelman. Carl came to the United States in 1865. He located in Le Claire, Scott Co., where he remained one year, then came to Davenport. He married Augusta Wohler in Germany, Nov. 10, 1859. To tliem have been b:irn eight children, five living — August, Louis, Charles, Harry and Oscar. Peter Goldschmidf, resident of 420 West Second street, is a na- tive of Schleswig, Germany, born Feb. 18, 1824, son of John and Elsie (Oye) Goldschmidt, of German birth. They both died in Davenport, the former in 1853 and the la'ter On Jnne 13, 1875. Peter left liis home in Germany for America in 1850, but returned in 1851. He came to America the second time and located in Davenport, July 2, 1852. He obtained employment as cabinet- maker in the store of Mr. Ben Barr for 11 months, then went into business for himself In 1867 he entered his present store, where he is engaged in the undertaker and furniture business. His marriage with Eliza Henridesen occurred Apr. 18, 1852. She was born in Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Goldschmidt have been blessed with 10 children, five living — Henry, Laura, Edward, Alfred and Otto. Mr. Goldschmidt affiliates with the Republican party. Henry (?00i% grocer, 14U1 Harrison street, was born Aug. 24, 18.26, in Holstein, Germany, and was a son of Henry and "Wilbke, Goos, natives of German}-, where they both died, the former in 1827, the latter in 1873. The subject of this memoii- came to America and located in Davenport, Apr. 28, 1856. He engaged in vari'ius branches of business, a few years, and was then enijiloyed by Mr. Gould in the furniture business, and remained with him 17 years. He conducted a furniture store in Diirand, Iowa, one year, then returned to Davenport, and in 1878 engaged in the grocery business, which he has followed since. He has a thriving trade and carries a complete stock of goods. He was united in mar- riage with Elizabeth Kuhr, March 8, 1853, in Holstein, where siic was born. Thev have had four children, three living — Henrv, born Nov. 20, 1858; William, July 22, 1861, and Emina. March 14, 1867. Mr. Goos is a member of the Lutheran church. Politi- cally is a Republican. Hans Goos, dealer in sand and cord wood, corner Front and Main streets, was born in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, Feb. 4, 1824 ; his parents were Hans S. and Margaret (Schmidt) Goos. \ lV3 yh^^J^ CITY OF DAVENI'ORT. S4.3 Hans, the subject of tliis sketch, was the only child; ho attended school until 10, tlieii farmed and worked at the stone-cutter's trade and served five years in the war between Sclileswi^llolstein, and Denmark, from 'iS to '51. In the fall of 18.3)5 he came alo:)o to the Unitetl States ; was 35 da^-s at sea; laniied in New York City, and came direct to Davenport, Iowa, arrivinjr here December, 1S53. lie workeu at liis trade of stone-cutting one year; since then he lias been boating on the Mississippi River. lie is half owner of the "Lone Star" steamer and also owns several flat-boats. He was married t<.> Miss Tiene Meyer, June, 1858. The fruit of this marriai^e was five children, two livin<^, viz.: Miss Emma and Amelia. The mother died in 1869. In August, 1871, Mr. Goes married Miss Louisa Long; slie was born in Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Goos have had one son. viz., Hans Goes, Jr. Mr. Hans Goos, Sr., is one of Davenport's representative men, and has been identified with this city since December, 1853. Mr. Goos owns a nice residence on Seventh and Gains street, where he and family reside. Wm. W. Grant, M.D., was born in Russell Co., Ala., in 1846, where his boyhood days were spent. In 1867 he went to Enfield, Halifax Co., N. C, for the purjiose of reading medicine; after re- maining there one year he went to Philadelphia and matriculated in Jeflerson Medical College; he spent one lecture season there, then went to New York, and after attending lectures at Brooklyn and Bellville Colleges which were all conducted by the same corps of professors, he graduated with the degree of M. D. in the fall of 1868, from the Long Island ^Medical College, Brooklyn. Upon completing liis course lie went to Nebraska and located in Dakota City. In 1871 he removed to Davenport, wliere he has since been a devotee of medicine and surgery; he is acknowledged as one of the leaders in his profession in Scott County, and has a ver\- ex- tensive practice. The Docter is a member of Scott County Medical Society, Iowa State Medical Association, Iowa and Illinois Central District Association and the American Medical Association, and has tilled several official chairs in them; has been president of the first and third named societies. Dr. Grant married Addie ^loseley, born in Franklin, Tenn., .were married in October. 1878. His fatlier. Dr. McDonough Grant, was a native of Raleigh, N. C; lie was a brother ot Judge James Grant, of Davenport, and died in 1881; his widow resides with her children in this city. Dr. Grant is the eldest son and third child; five of their six cliildt-en reside in Scott County. Gough B. Grant, )iro])rietor of tlie St. James and Newcomb House hotels, Davenport., was born near Montgomery, Ala., Oct. 5, 1852. He was a son of Gough W. Grant, a native of North Carolina, who at an early age enlisted in the United States Navy, and was promoted to first lieutenant. He resigned his commission in 1845 and returned to North Carolina, where he married Miss Fannie Pierce. He soon after removed to Montgomery, Ala., 49 844 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. where he afterward practiced medicine. He and ivit'e had three sons. Gough B., the subject of this sketch, when 12 or 13 removed with his parent's to Georgia, where lie attended school and college until 21. He then taught school at Chalybeate Springs three years. In 1877 he came to Davenport, Iowa, and was private secretary for his uncle, Judge Grant, three years, when he became projirietor of the St. James Hotel. This excellent hotel is three stories high and fronts on Main and Brady streets. It is most pleasantly situ- ated near the banks of the Mississippi River, aliording a grand view of this noble stream as well as Rock Island, 111., on the op- posite shore. The St. James Hotel is fitted up in first-class order. It has 50 finely furnished sleeping-rooms with elegrant parlors, reception and dining rooms, also fine sample rooms. The kitchens, pastry and dining rooms are models for neatness and the very best cooks and waiters are employed. The entire building is heated by the latest improved steam apparatus, and is the model hotel of the city. It is the commercial man's home as well as the favorite re- sort for the best ot all classes. The gentlemanly proprietor, Mr. Gough B. Grant, prides himself on his attention to the comfort of his guests. He is a true gentleman and is respected by all, and is one of Davenport's enterprising representative men. t.,H. Griggs, born at Brookline, Mass., Nov. 14, 1S34. Came to Davenport April, 1855. Was for several years engaged in the business of printing and publishing, as a member of the firms of Luse & Griggs, and Griggs, Watson & Day. Was elected president of the Citizens' National Bank, in October, 1872, since which time he has been out of active business. D. Orupe, proprietor ot the Davenport Boilerl Works, 317 East 2d street, was born in the State of Penus3dvauia, Feb. 5, 1845, and is of Scotch and German descent. His parents, Phillip and Har- riet Grupe, nee McGrail, were natives also of that State. When he was quite young his parents removed to Des Moines Co., Iowa and located near Burlington, where his mother died. His father then moved into the city of Burlington, where he attended school until 14 years of age, when liis father died, and he was compelled to make a living for himself. He worked in a furniture store until Dec. 1, 1S63, when he enlisted in Company G, 25th Iowa Infantry Volunteers, and served until the close of the war. He was in the battles and engagements of Sherman, and with him in his famous march to the sea. On the march to Washington lie was transferred to Company E, 9th Iowa Veteran Infantry Volunteers, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ky. He then returned to Burlington where he remained seven years, learning the boiler maker's-trade. He established a shop of his own in Des Moines, and engaged in business there until July, 1881, when he located in Davenport, and opened his present works on Second street. He emp'.oj-s only ex- perienced workmen, and is prepared to do first-class work. On Aug. 12, 1874, he married Miss Jennie Miller, of New York. Three children have been born to them — Flora L., John P. and Carv F. CITY OF da^t;nport. 845 Mr. Grnpe is a Mason and a inftinher of Capital Lodo^e. No. 110, at l)es Moines, also K. P., Friendship Lodge, No. 11, at Burling- ton, and G. A. R. Marx Glide was born Aug. 4. 1S35, in Holstein, Germany, son of I lans and Margaret ( Loot't ) Gude, nati\es also of that place. Mar.x sailed from Hamburg July i, 1S57, for America, and came direct to Davenport, where lie worked at the carpenter's trade about four years, then eugaged'^in farming for 16 years in Butler Town- ship; since that time has conducted a saloon and boarding liouse, at No. 431 West Second street. He was married to Doris Parbs, Sept. 15, 1862, in Butler Township. Her mother is dead, but her fatiier is still living and resides in Butler Township. Mr. and Mrs. Gude have had 11 children, eight living. Henry, born Jan. 31, 1863; Lena. Jan. 7, 1865; Gustav. Sept. 2n, 1866; Julius, Nov. 5, 1868; Metha, Oct. 20, 1870; Emiel, Nov. 14. 1872; Ferdinand, May 19, 1876, and Charles, Oct, 15. 1878. The family are members of the Lutheran church. Mr. Gude is a Republican. • Jacob GitJdner was born in Bavaria, Aug. 2, 1831, and is a son of John and Susan i^Bakei') Gnldner, natives also of that country, whore they died. -Jacob left his native countr}- for America in 18.")1, and landed in New York. From there he went to Erie, Pa., and remained until January, 1853, when he came to Davenport. Since his arrival here he has been engineer in saw-mills, and at present is acting in that capacity in the saw-mill of Sehaker & Miller. He was married in Erie, Pa,, Aug. 7, 1852, to Anna Maria Stepick. To them have been born nine children — Mary, John, Edward, George, Frederick, Jacob, Anna, Martha and Hugo. Mr. (Tuldner is a member ofthe Catholic church, his family ofthe Lutheran. John Gund9 has been treasurer of the same. He has also been connected with the OakDale Cemetery Company since its organization and is now its secretary. He h is always been an out- spoken triend of temperance, and in religious sentiment is a Method- ist, having united with that church in 1832. He has never sought, or even desired political honors; preferring the quiet and peace of his legitimate business to the turmoil and excitement of political strife. A brief history of the career of his son, George F. Hall, will be found succeeding this sketch. Lieutenant George F. HaU. Among the noble men whom Iowa furnished in the late civil war, none fought more bravely or made for himself a more honorable record tlian he, a brief histoi'y of whose life we give below. A native of Brattleboro, Yt., he was born on the lith of February, 1838, the son of Israel Hall and Rachel nee Brown. In 1839 his parents removed to the West, and settled at D.iveiiport, Iowa, and there among the pioneer settlers of Scott County he passed his youth and grew to manhood. At the o])en- ing of the war of the Rebellion his ])atriotism became thoroughly aroused, ani he determined to enter the army. Accordingly he enlisted as a private in Company C, of the famous Second Iowa Infantry. Upon the organization of the company he became ser- geant, and served with unusual vigor and credit beyond the full term of his enlistment, lie was pnjmoted from time to time for meritorious services, and closed his military career as first lieuten- ant and acting ordnance officer on the staff of General Sweeney, second division, left wing, Sixteenth Army Corps. As a soldier he was loyal, patient and brave, and for the noble service which be rendered well deserves a place on Iowa's roll of honor. After the close of his service in the *army, Lieutenant Hall returned to his home with health seriously imjiaired by hardshi)is which he had undergone. With a view of recruiting his strength he made a trip to California, were he jiirtially recovered. Turning his steps home- ward, he on the way received injuries which cut short his da3's. In jumping from the ocean steamer to go on shore he fell from the effects of which an abscess formed in the right side, proving un- expectedly fatal soon after his arrival home. He died on Friday morning, April 0, 1860. The funeral cortege was largely com- posed of old settlers. Jens Hansen, manufacturer of furniture and dealer in sewing machines, etc., 1522 West Locust street, was born Apr. 22, 1842, in Schlebwig-llolstein, Germany. His parents, Jens and Christiana 848 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Hansen, were born in Holstein, where they died. Jens Hansen, Jr., emigrated tu America in May, 1869, and located at once in Davenport, Iowa. Having learned the carpenter's and cabinet- maker's trade in his native country, he obtained employment at that until 1873, when he went into bnsiness for himself at his present number. On the ISth of August, 1S71, he was married to Eleonre Tenneson, a native of Schleswig, Germany. Of their live children, four are living — Jennie Catharine, Jens Carl, Anna and Eleonre. Mr. Hansen is a member of the United Brotherhood of Iowa. Peter B. Harding, dealer in grain and agricultural implements, corner Second and Harrison streets, was born in Holstein, Ger- many, Feb. 23, 1820. His parents were John C. and Margarett (Dircks) Harding, natives of German}^ where the former died at the age of S3 years. She still resides there. The subject of this memoir emigrated to the United States in 1850, and came at once to Davenport. He embarked in the dry-goods and 'grocery busi- ness. Afterward went into the grain business, being the first to establish business in that line in Iowa. He located at his present number in 1851, where he handles all kinds of farming im])le- ments and deals in grain. He was married in Davenport in the spring of 1851, to Caroline Hanssen, a native of Holstein, Ger- many. Her parents are both dead. Mr. and Mrs. Harding have had six children — Hans, Herman, John, Frank, Minnie (nuw the wife of A. Rosch, and lives five miles from this city), and Lena, who married A. Emeis, druggist, on Third and Perrj' streets. Mr. Harding and family are members of the Lutheran church. Daniel H. Harfivell was born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., Aug. 13., 1838, and is a son of George Hartwell, of that place. He was reared on a farm and educated at Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y. In 1861 he went to Ionia, Mich., thence to Davenport in 1862, and embarked in the real estate and insurance business, which he still follows. He was State agent for the Mutual Benefit Insur- ance Co., of Newark, N. J., for 12 years, fur the State of Iowa. The present firm of Hartwell & Bernis was established two years ago. Mr. Bernis was formerly superii Jandent of the cit}' schools. The subject of this sketch was married in 1863 to Jennie Harvey. They have two children — Daniel H., Jr., and Orville H. Mr. Hart- well is a member of the Masonic order and other societies. Has taken 32 degrees in Scottish Rite. He is secretary of the Daven- port Building, Loan and Savings Association. Henri/ Hass, grain dealer, was born in Holstein, Germany, May 15, 1835. In 1855 he left his home and came to tlae States, coming in a sailing vessel, being nine weeks and three days making the voyage. Landed in New York, thence to Davenport. In early life worked as a miller for a couple of years. His father being a carpenter and joiner he learned that trade, which he followed after coming to this county. Mr. Hass is the pioneer grain dealer in Davenport. In 1861 he married Maggie Toms. She was born in CITY OF DAVENPOET. 849 Holstein. By this union tliere were seven children, five of whom are liviiiij, four sons and one dauj^hter, viz.: Kudol]th, Clara, Hugo, Alfred and Otto. Wiien ^[r. Ilasscaine to this country he borrowed $4(1 to come with, and when he hmded liad hut $2.50 in his pocket. But instead of sitting down went to work.'and the end of the tirst year after arrivinj^had paid liis debt of $40 and luid some money be- sides. A[r. JIass is now one of tlie well-to-do business men of Dav- enport. He is a member of the I. (). (). F., Turner and Siiooting Societies. Mrs. Ilass died Oct. 14, 18S1, leaving a family of five ciiiltlren and husband to mourn her loss. E (hoard Ilainl'm Hazeii, M. D., was born Ai)ril 12, lS34,'iii Elyria, Lorain Co., O. His fatiier, Edward Hazen, was a native of the State of New York, and an autbor of considerable merit. He wrote a "Technology of Professions and Trades" which was ])ublished by the Harpers and is still named in their catalogue, also several valuable school books w'hich were extensively used in the Eastern States. He died in his SOt'i year. His mother, also a native of ^ew York, is a woman of rare mental energy, fine powers of con- ception and observation, exalted Christian principle, and highly* es- teemed in the various relations of life. She is still living with her oidy son, the subject of this sketcli. Tlie Doctor is one of 10 children, and obtained his rudimentary education in the schools of Baltimore and Xew York cities, where his parents resided during his boyhood. In his home training special attention was given to cultivating habits of observation, to strengthening powers of con- centration and to develo])ing a strong, self-reliant character. This early discipline, without doubt, exerted an influence in his choice of a profession. In 18.59 he began the study of medicine at the Michigan State Cniversit}'. The same careful study, painstaking investigation, methodical tabulation of acquired knowledge, char- acterized the initiatory course of study that has marked and i-en- dered successful the efforts of later years. The interruption caused by the war of the Hebellion protracted the time necessary to com- plete a course in medicine, to the spring of 1866, at which time he graduated from the Medical Department of Wooster University, Cleveland, O. In obedience to his country's call, he enlisted in tlie Union ranks of the 2d Michigan Infantry in May, 1861. He was in the battle of Bull Run, July, 1861. After spending one year in the volunteer service, he was discharged to accept an ap- pointment as hospital stew-ard in tiie regular army. He served in this capacity for three years, in the hospitals of Alexandria, Va. This fluid furnished ample scope for the exercise of his peculiar ability to organize and systematize labori Here he enjoyed flne opportunity for improvement in the line of his cliosen profession, by assisting the various surgeons connected with the hospitals. During the last year of his service he was engaged in preparing a history of the surgical cases at Alexandria, for the " iledical and Surgical History of the Rebellion." After receiving his di]iloma, he entered upon the general practice of medicine in Bufl'alo, N. Y., 850 HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. where he remained one j-ear. In 1867 he cliose Davenport, la., as liis future home, and the great West as his field of professional labor. He continued in general practice for eight years, and then decided to make a specialty of the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear and throat. To fit himself as thoroughly as possible for the special work, he spent several winters in the hos])ltals of !New York, Philadelphia and Boston, under the best instruction to be secured in these cities. In pursuance of the same object he visited England and France in 1872, and in the hospitals of London and Paris witnessed surgical operations by the best medical talent of the Old World. He gathered much valuable information botii by study and observation while abroad; and since his return has real- ized the benefit of his investigation in the steady growth of pro- fessional reputation, and in a reasonably lucrative practice. From 1870 to 1874 Dr. Ilazen was a lecturer on ophthalmology and otology in the medical department of the Iowa State University. •In 1875 he rented and fitted up as a private infirnaary the prop- erty known as the John P. Cook mansion, in Davenport, la. This venture proving successful, in the autumn of 1879 he bought the suburban residence of Judge Dillon, to which ])leasant retreat he moved both infirmary and home, but he continues to spend ]iart of each day at his oflice in the central part of the city. Dr. Hazen is the inventor of a new and useful instrument called "Hazen's Douche and Inhaler" for the treatment of the raucous membrane of the air passages. The profession wherever introduced recognize its utility in combining in one instrument many of the require- ments which physicians who treat those diseases have hitherto found only in the use of a large assortment of other appliances. Dr. Hazen is a member of the American Medical Association, the International Ophthalmological Congress, the International Oto- logical Congress, the Iowa State Medical Society, the Iowa and Illinois District Medical Society, and the Scott County Medical Society, and lias held im]iortant official positions in most of them. The Doctor has been an active member ot the various associations of the city, whose aims are to jirumote the social and educational interests. He is a member of the Masonic order, having taken the Chapter degrees. He was married in 1874 to Miss Sallie Free- man, a native of Fairfield Co.. 0., and at the time of their mar- riage a teacher in the Davenjjort High School. They have four cliildren, viz.: Auzella M., Edward B., Laura T. and CliarlesAl. Hazen. Otto Ilelhig is a native of Saxony, Germany, born March 22, 1835. His parents, Christ and Mary Helbig, nee Wather. were natives of Saxony, and are now deceased. Otto came to the United States in 1862, and came immediately to Davenport, Iowa. He learned the butcher's trade and has followed it since. He went into business for himself in June, 1865, and is at present located at the corner of Fourth and Iowa. He does a good business. On June 13, 1865, he was married in Davenport to Sophia Gerhart, of CITY OF DAVENrORT. 851 Pennsylvania. TTer ])arents reside in Clinton Connt>\ this State. His wife died having been the mother of ?ix children, three living — Delia, Otto and Agnes, lie was again married March 2i', ISSl, to Caroline Schwitzer. They have one child. Mr. llolbig is a mem- ber of A. O. U. W. Lodge, 2so. 17, of Davenport. John E. Henry, Mayor of Davenport, came to Scott County in June, 1855. lie was born in Chenango County and reared in Rochester, N. Y. His father, Dr. John D. Henry, was a native of Connecticut, and was a practicing ])hysician in Rochester until his death, some years ago. After attending the Rocliester schools John E. Henry attended Oneida Institute at Whitestown, N. Y. He had a taste for mathematics which led him into the study of civil engineering. In 1S30 lie started out as one of the party to make surveys and estimates for the enlargement of the Erie Canal. He was employed nearly four years as engineer on the surveys and construction of the Croton Aqueduct during its building, from 1837 to 1840. In March, 1847, he liad charge of the work of con- structing the Hudson River R. R. In the spring of 1851 lie came to Chicago a* a resident engineer in charge of a division of the C. & R. 1. R. R., in making surveys; and in the latter part of the summer of 1851 he was transferred under Messrs. Slieffield and Fammun to LaPorte in charge of the construction of the Northern Indiana R. R. He took charge of tlie construction ot tlie C. vfc R. I. R. R., also of a division of the Union Pacific, and of the Kansas branch under two dift'erent corajianies. He tlien became a member of the contracting firm of Reynolds, Saul])augh proach for the Illinois Cen- tral Co., the company owning a lialf interest in the Ijridge. His company did some work for the C, B. & Q. The last work they did in contracting was to build 150 miles of the International R. R. in Texas. Since tliat time he has devoted his attention to operat- ing railways; is now holding the position of receiver for the old Davenport & St. Paul Railway. The road has been sold, hut he has not been released, the court holding that he must be retained iintil the litigation b3' the creditors ceases. Mr. Henry was elected mayor in 1863, being nominated without his knowledge, and was re-elected in the spring of If^Sl. He has always been a Republi- can since the birth of that party. He served as deputy U. S. mar- shal the first year of the war for this jiart of Iowa, previous to the organization of the provost marshal service. He was married in Peekskill, X. Y., in 1819, to Annie M. Howard. They have had si.x children, three living, viz.: J. Howard, who is a partner in the law firm of Coffin & Henry, of Davenport; Charles A., railroading in the employ of the Union Pacific Co., in Blackfoot, Idaho; and Geo. F. , ])racticing law in Des Moines, in the firm of Berryhill & Henry. Mr. Henry and family are members of the Episcopal church, and he is senior warden of Trinity Ciiurcli. 852 HISTORY OF sccrr county. Henry H. HUJ^i, freight and ticket agent for the C, R. I. & P. Ry., was born in Springliekl, Mass.. Nov. 23, 1834. His parents were Henry and Sophia (Franklin) Hills, the former from Connec- ticut and the latter from Massachusetts. They were members of the M. E. church. They had two children — Henry H., the sub- ject of this sketcii, and Geo F., cashier of the State Bank of Hart- ford, Conn. Henry H. attended the High School in Springlield until 16 years of age. He then went to Worcester, Mass., and engaged with what was then called the Mor^e Telegraph Com- pany, for one year. He was employed as operator for this eom- Eany at Boston and New York City until 1856, when he came to •avenport. He soon after went to St. Louis, where he was em- ployed by the Pacific Railway of Missouri nearly a year, when he returned to Davenport to accept a position as clerk in the freight office of the C, R. I. & P. railroad, where he has since remained, having tilled tiie position of freiglit agent and other positions for a quarter of a c?ntury. He was appointed to his present position as agent some IS years ago. When Mr. Hills iirst began to work for the C, R. I. & P. Ry., it was called the Mississippi & Mis- souri R. R., and was only in operation from Daven]:>ort to Ionia City and Muscatine, Iowa. Mr. Hills married Miss Fannie Dick- man, of Boston, Mass., Sepf. 27, 1858. She was a daughter of Constantine and Pauline (Field) Dickman. natives of Maine. Mr. and Mrs. Hills attend the Unitarian churcli, and he leans to the Swedenborgian faith. In politics he is a Douglas Democrat. He is one of Davenport's enterprising, representative business men, and where he has resided since January, 1857. Mi-. Hills is one of the oldest employes of the C, R. I. A: P. Ry. His father, Hervey Hills, wa? born in 18()3 He cime to Davenport from Springfield, Mass., in 1855. and engaged in the stove trade until 1870, when he retired from business. He then spent his time in Hartford, Conn., and Davenport, Iowa, until his death at Hart- ford, Aug. 25, 1881. His wife died in Davenport, May 25, 1880. They were high-minded, noble-hearted, Christian people, respected and loved by all who knew them. Frank iS. Hastings was born in Mendon, Mass., June 2S, 1844. His father, Setli Hastings, was a native also of that place. Frank S. was educated at Milford, Mass., where his parents moved when he was quite small. He began to learn the art of photography when 16 years old. He served in the late war one year in Com- pany 19, Mass. undetached company, was on garrison duty all the time. In 1871 he came to Scott County and located in Daveny)ort. He worked at his trade for different parties two years, when the present firm of Hastings, White & Fisher was formed. They have met with good success and do a first-class business. Mr. Hastings was married Dec. 15, 1872, to Miss Nellie Olmstead. Tliey have two children — Frederick and Harry. Mr. Hastings is a member of the A. F. & A. M., and also taken up to 32d degree. In 1871 was raised to the degree of Knight Templar at Fall River, Mass., and in ISSO passed to the Scottish Rite in Davenport. CITi' OF DAVKNPOKT* 853 Claus Hill was born in Holstein, German}', June 17, 1837. He is the son of Jolin and Anna (Able) Hill. His father died in ISGi and his mother in 18S0. Claus was raised on a farm and educated in the common schools. He came to Davenport via New York in 1854 and liireil out as a farm band, and worked as such several years. He then bought a farm of SO acres, and subsequently added to it 160 acres, and continued to hirm 10 years. He then rented the farm and came to the city, where he has since continued to re- side. In 1SG4 he was united in marriage with Catherine Schuma- ker, daughter of John and Minnie (Kruse) Sehumaker, who came to America in 18,58. Mr. Hill is in politics a thorough Republican. John Hill was born in Greenville, Mercer Co., Pa., Sept. 14, 1838. Hewas a son of Adam and Anna (Pollock) Hill, likewise natives of the Keystone State. John Hill received his primary education in the district schools of Pennsylvania, and after coming to Davenjiort in 1S51 entered the Commercial Collcije from which he graduated. His mother died in Pennsylvania in 1850, and in 1853 his father came to Iowa, and for some years engaged in farming, and at pres- ent resides with his son, John. Tiie latter engaged in the real estate business in this city for about 20 years, then established liv- ery, feed and sale st.iblcs at 209 West Third Street, which he still Conducts. His establishment is one of the finest in the city, run- ning from 25 to 35 horses, 12 single buggies and si.\ double car- riages. He resides at No. 1 Clinton Place. John HiU^ proprietor of Turner Hall and manager of the Dav- enport Stadt Theater, was born in Prussia, Germany, April 25, 1840, and was a sonof Ccmrad Hill, a Government inspector, and Margaret, nee Ditzenberger. John Hill came to this country in 1854. and in December of that year located in Davenport. He learned the cabinet-maker's trade here, and in 1858 he went to Muscatine and followed his trade until 1861, when he enlisted in Company C, First U. S. Lancers; remained with that regiment nine months, then returned to Muscatine. Here-enlisted in Aug, \%^-l^ in Company C, 35th Iowa Infantry Volunteers, as sergeant. Hewas taken prisoner at Jackson, iliss., July 11, 1863. He then suffered the horrors of Libby, Bell Island and Andersonville pris- ons until the close of the war. ^\''hile in Andersonville prison he was taken sick with scurvy, and was taken to a place they called a hospital to die. The hospital was a piece of land fenced in, with the bare ground for cots, and tent flies drawn over a stick of wood for tents. When Mr. Hill was taken tiiere he had to lie outside of one of the so-called tents eight or ten hours, waiting for a man to die in order to get his place. At the close of the war he returned to Davenjiort, and in IstlO he took charge of Turner Hall and Stadt Theater, of which he has the entire management. He was married April 6, 1867, to Mary Kaehler, a native of Holstein, Ger- inany. They have live children — Charles, Hugo, Ludorwicka, Otto and Paula. Mr. Hill is a Mason, and a niember of Fraternal Lodge, '^K>. 227, and A. O. U. W.; Lessing Lodge, No. 37; of the 854 HI|TOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. Druids; United Brotherhood of Iowa; Turner Schutzen, Meniia- choir, Thalia, and Haraionia Societies. Mr. Hill has traveled e.xten- sively and has been in ever}' State in the Union except California John J. Hoersch was born in the Kingdom of Wurteniburg- He left his home and Gerraanj^ in the year lSi9, at the age of 22 years. He emb irked at tlie city of Havre de Grace, France, for America. After a voyage of 37 days he landed at tlie city of New York ; staying there a couple of weeks he went to the State of Ohio, where he worked for nearly two years. In the year 18.51 he started for Iowa; landed at D tvenport in the month of April, 18.51. In a short time after liis arrival he bought land in Blue Grass township, wJiich he imj^roved. In the year 1S52 he was married. His wife was also a native of the Kingdom of Wurtemburg. He improved half a dozen farms in Scott County, most of them he sold after he had improved them. In the year 1861 he retired from farming, took up his habitation in the city of Daven])ort, where he has resided since. John Hoist was born in Hamburg, Germany, in the year 1816, on the 11th of ApriL In his 11th year he commenced going to sea. He went to Enghuid, from there to t!ie West Indies, Calcutta, from there to Liverpool, from there to Glasgow, Scotland, from there to New Orleans, from thereto Cork, Ireland, then to Liverpool, .-md t!ien to the Sandwich Islands, Honolulu, and then again to Liverpool, then to Valparaiso, Chili, then to Greenwich, Scotland, where the ship was found to be unseawor- thy and was laid u]> for repiir. In the meantime he worked in the sugar refinery, and when his ship was repaired they sailed for Liverpool, from there to New Orleans, where lie wis taken sick witnafever; having no friends he was taken to the hospital, where he remained until better and joined the Louisiana volunteers under General Taylor, to light the Florida Indi ms. He returned t'l New Orleans, worked in a store, and in lSl-0 he married Miss Mary Downey, of Barnslow, Ireland. In 1813 they, with their two children, took a trip to Hamburg, his old home, to visit his parents. They remained three months, came back again to New- Orleans and remained there until the spring of 18i5, when he came north to Davenport, bouglit a farm in Clinton Count}', Iowa, stayed until 181:6 when the Mexican war broke out. He enlisted as a teamster, went to New Orleans, from there to Texas, from there to Camargo, Mexico, where he got his team and hauled pi'ovisions to Monterey, back and forward, until the 21st and 22d of February, when they fought the battle of Buena "Vista. After the battle they were ordered down to Camargo. He was attacked by the Mexican Lancers who killed 100 teamsters out of 2-50 and burii-'d their wagons. He then went to Camargo and then home to Davenport. He stayed a month and then went to Vera Cruz, Mexico, took sick with fever, in two weeks got better and went with 700 teams to the City of Mexico; remained there till peace was declared when he came home, sold his farm and came to Davenport, where lie clerked for Christy & "Wells till the spring CITY OF DAVENPORT. 855 of 1850. IIo then tonk a tvip across the plains with Win. banis, leaving his wife and four children in Davenport till iSo'2, when he sent for them. They started to New Orleans, taking her brother along with them. They started the 2otli of May, taking passage on the steamer "Cresent City" to Havana to meet a Xew York steamer there. On arriving his wife died ; her brother then took the children to Panama, it taking them two weeks. On ar- riving there the brother took the fever and died. l>efore he died he gave the oldest little ^irl, Louisa, §S00 that had been left by her mother. Three of the children then took sick with the Pan- ama fever and during this time every one took money and paid himself. They st 13'ed there four weeks but finally arrived safely in San Francisco. In 18.53 ^Ir. Hoist's youngest son, Charles, died, and he remained in California till 18.54, when he started for Davenport with his three children. lie was married again in 1854 to Mrs. Mary Martin, who had two sons, James and Charles. In September of the same year the cho'era broke out, Mr. Hoist losing his two sons, James 11 years and John 9 years, in about a week. In 1855 a daughter was born to them and named Mary C. Hoist. Mr Ilo'st was dealing in real estate at that time. In 1857 the panic came and he lost nearly everything but his home- stead, which he mortgaged. In 1861 he bought in Davei)])ort 12 acres of land at $50 an acre, and scdd it for SlOO an acre, that giving him a start again. Then his wife took sick with a cancer and in 1S(>2 the 1st. of August she died. His daughter, Louisa, mar- ried in November the same year and in the next year she died. Mr. Hoist being sick at the time and hardly able to attend the funeral. He then kept a grocery store tor a short time, then (juit the business and commenced speculating in real estate. Then in 1866 he was married to Selena C. Richardson-Prendergast, and for the last 15 years has lived a retired life. In his youth he was reared a Lutheran, but of late years has become a Methodist. He is fond of reading of the ocean and lives of sea-faring men, and is inter- ested in all new discoveries. His library consists of books and curiosities from all parts of the world. Henry IFoht. tine wood, ivory and horn turner, at iMcClelland's, 304 to 314 Main street, also owner of the Eddie House saloo;!, East Davenport, was b(n-n at Lenbeck, Germany, March 22, 1840. His parents were Peter and Mary (Parbz) Hoist. He attended school until he was 14 years old, when he learned the trade of fancy wood, ivory, and horn turning, and in 1866 he came to America, locating in Davenport on June 11 of that year. He engaged in business for himself two j-ears, and made the first bungs for beer fawcets, and the first crocpiet balls in Davenjiort. He worked for various firms in the city three years, then sjient nine years in a furniture factory at Oeneseo, 111., then returned to Davenport, and has worked at McClelland's since. He was married to Dora Hoist, likewise a native of Germany, May 19, 1865. To them six 856 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. cliildren have been born — Mary, Emma, Freddie, Lena, Henry and Maude. Mr. Hoist is a member of I. O. O. F. and A. O. IJ. W. Lodges and of tlie Turner Societ}-. In politics he is a Democrat. George TI. Irifsh, grocer, 1508 Brady street, was born on a farm in Franklin Co. , New York, July 24, 1814. He was a son ot Enoch and Nancy (Perkins) Irish, natives of Vermont and members of the M. E. church. George lived on the farm with his father until 22 years of age, when he went to Lower Canada, some 90 miles from Quebec, and learned the carpenter and joiner's trade, when he re- turned to the old homestead in New York, and married Miss Em- ily Graves, Oct. 1, 1838. She was born in Vermont and was a daughter of Barnabus Graves and Abigal. nee Goth, natives of Con- necticut. After his marriage Mr. Irish lived five or six years in New York, then went to Wisconsin and farmed one year in Wash- ington County, when he moved to West Bend, Wis., and kept the Travelers Home hotel until 1S65, then traded his hotel tor a store, and one year after sold out and came to Davenport, where he has since been engaged in the grocery trade. He and wife had three children, all now dead. His daughter, Dr. Delila S. Irish, died in May, 1878. She was for many years a practicing physician of Davenport and a member of the Scott County Medical Society. Mr. Irish carries a stock of groceries and provisions, and has been a grocer in Davenj^ort since I860. In ]3olitics he is a Democrat. J. H. ./rte^«- was born in Schleswig, Germany, Dec. 22, 1S2S, and was a son of Hans C. and Henriette (Hoet) Jaeger, who were born and died in Germany. The subject of this memoir emigrated to the United States, and located in Davenport in 1856. He did laboring work for about 10 years, then embarked in the grocerj- business at 1221 West Third street, his present number. He was married in January, 1857, to Margaret Eggiels, who died Aug. 2. 1859. He was married the second time to Annie Deltimer, nee Westphaul, in November, 1860. She had one child by her former marriage, Minnie. Mr. and Mrs. Jaeger have had three children — Henry, Meta and Clara. Mr. Jaeger is a Republican in politics. Samuel A. Jeninngs, general manager of the Davenport woolen Mills, was born on the 25th of September, 1828, in Ballston, Saratoga Co., N. Y. , and was a son of Samuel and Jane Jennings, likewise natives of New York. At the age of 18 he was appren- ticed to the carpenter's trade, and after serving his apprenticeship he came to Davenport. He traveled for Haight A: Sears five years, then purchased an interest in the firm, which he held until January, 1878, when he disposed of his share, and formed a partner ship with R. S. Price, E. W. Brady and Franklin Fearing, for the ]nirpose of establishing the Davenport Woolen Mills E. W. Brady and Franklin Fearing withdrew from the firm, at the ex- piration of one year, and Mr. Jennings and Mr. Price conducted the business one year. The mill was then idle until February, 188 1, when the Davenport Woolen Mill Co. was organized by the following named gentlemen and others : Hiram Price, Pres. ; J. CITY OK i)a\i;nimkt. 857 B. Plielps, Sec. and Treas. ; S. A. Jennings, Gen. Man. ; tlie Board of Directors is as follows : Ilirani Price, J. B. Phelps, S. A. Jennings, W. D. Petersen, W. O. Bennett, Lorenzo Scliricker and Wni. Renwick. The coni|)any employ a force ot 55 men, and sell their goods chiefly in Iowa and Illinois. John C Jolumnsen, grocer, (512 West Third street, was born iu Schleswig, Germany, Apr. 23, 1S39, and was a son ot Hans P. and Anna Johannsen. John attended school until he was IG years old, then tollowed the grocery business until lS stock of goods, and does a good business. H,e was married Apr. 17, 1S65, to Katrina Klalin. She was born in Hol- stein, Germany, Apr. 17, 184u. Eight children have been born to them — Natalie, Olga, Hugo, Otto, Amanda, John, Ameda and Oarl. He is a Mason, and a niember of Fraternal Lodge, Xo. 221, A. F. A. M.; Lessing Lodge, No. 74, A. O. U. W., and was first past master of this lodge. In politics he is a Pepublican. Wi'llufm Joiieji, irvocer, 422 and 424 Brad}' street, was born in the city of Frederick, Maryland, Dec. 11, 1S20. lie was a son of Andrew and Maria iSchuman') Jones, both natives of Maryland, a member of the Lutheran church and had a family of eiglit chil- •dren, four living. When eight years of age AVilliam Jones' father alace hotel. It is magiiifieenlly furnished throughout. The decoration, painting and graining of the entire buikliug are from the masterly hand of Tlmmas S. Hamilton, of Wooster, O., who came expressly to execute this work. The arrangements for an abundance of sunlight — that great dispensarj' of health — the perfect ventilation of all the rooms, for the comfort and conven- ience of the invalid is unsurpassed in the United States. The suc- cess of the infirmary is another and stronger evidence of the vast value to the world of ^Mrs. Dr. Keek's treatment of all chronic diseases. In addition to her infirmary in Davenpcirt, she has branch offices at Peoria, Bloomington, and Quincy, 111., and Min- neapolis, Minn. Tliese offices are in charge of capable and experi- enced assistants, and are visited every two months by Mrs. Dr. Keck. She is to-day treating from 12,000 to 15,000 patients, from all parts of the country, and is constantly receiving testimonials from grateful patients who have been cured b}' her. She also treats patients by mail, sending medicine to any part of the United States. One secret of her success is that she and her husband manufacture at their own laboratory all their medicine, and conse- qnentlj' know them to be good. Charles H. Kent, real estate and land agent, was born in Che- shire Co., N. II., JVtarch 21, 1824, son of Asa Kent, also of that place. He was reared on a fai-m and educated in the common schools, and by his own personal aj)plication to study. h\ 18-1.5 he went to Fitchburg, Mass.. and accepted a situation as clerk in his brother's, Henr}- Kent's cotton manufactory, who is now treasurer of the Exeter J.Ianufactory Co., and was one of the 12 New England delegate manufacturers to attend the great ex-position at Atlanta, 50 862 HisTORT OF scorr county. Ga., in 1881. Chas. H. went to Nashua, N. II., in 1S49 and clerked there until 18.50, then went to Lawrence, Mass.. where he engaged in the same business until his removal to Davenport in 1857. He engaged in the real estate business here, which he still follows. The Cook & Sargent property, which belongs to Boston parties, fell into his hands and he has had charge of the business since. He was sanitarv agent for the soldiers during the war, and collected money for the United States Sanitary Commissions. Mr. Kent is the author of two ver_\ valuable works, sej)li K., and Zella M. Dr. Kulp is a a member oftlie lowaL. ot'K., Scott Lodge, No. 2, also A. O. U. W., No. 17. Tlirough his efforts the Iowa Dental Association was organized in 1863. He is known to dentists as the father of the Iowa State Dental Society. In ls(i7 he was called to the chair of operative dentistry in the Missouri Dental College, filling tiie chair one winter, when, owing to the illness of his family, he returned to Muscatine. He has been a member of the American Dental As- sociation since 186-1. Dr. Kulp is well and favorably known to the public as a skillful and reliable dentist. Ilennj Lamp, President of the West Davenport Furniture Cum- pany, locatedjon Warren, between Fifth and Sixth streets, was born Sept. 4.*lsl:6, in Ilolstein, Kiel, Germany, and is a son of John Lamp, also of that place; his parents reside in (Terniany. Henry received a college education at the University ot Kiel. When he was 15 years old he entered the School of Mechanics, where nothing is taught except the lorraation and nses of machin- ery; remained there two and one-half years; afterward served an apprenticeship to a machinist. In 18i!6 he emigrated to America and came direct to Davenport. He worked in Donahue's machine shop one year, then spent f mr years at engineering. Subse- quently purchased an interest in his present business, the Daven- port Furniture Company. They employ 65 men and do an enor- mous business, selling furniture in Iowa, Illinois, Missouri and Nebraska. Mr. Lamp married Miss Katie Luett. She was horn on the CTOvernment Island in 1848. He served as alderman of his ward one term, and in politics is a Democrat. Valentine Zaux, grocer, llnl, W. Sixth street, was born Oct. 6, 1826, in Herxheim Sandau, Rheinpfalz Province, Germany. Flis parents were Francis Jacob and Margaret Laux, natives of Ger- many, where they both died, he in 1812, and she in 1860. Val- entine Laux came to this country in 184-7, and went to Cincinnati, where he remained imtil the summer of 1856, when he came to Davenpiirt. He was em))loyed in the printing otHce of Richard- son Bros., editors of the Democrat, as pi-essman; remained with them three years; was then engaged on the Gazette start V■^ years. Subsequently he engaged in his present business as grocer. He was married in Hamilton Co., Ohio, on the lOthof Janunry, 1852, to Elizabeth Kress. She was born in Rheinpfalz, Bavarian Prov- ince, Germany. They have nine children — Teresa, Maggie, Caro- line, William. Rosa, Mary, Charles. Flora and Harry. In i^nlitics Mr. Laux is a Rejniblicaii. JaJias Lehrkiml, brewer, corner Second and Taylor streets, was born in Ilaspe, Prussia. Dec. 25, 1842. His father, Carl Leiirkind, was a native of that ])lace and died there in 1865; his wife. Bertha, nee Schumann, was born in Iserlohn. Prussia, and died in Haspe in 1847. Julius Lehrkind came to America in 1863 and remained until 1865, when he returned to Germany, coining again to America in 1866. He worked in a brewery in Philadelphia, Pa., 868 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. one year and a half; tlien he spent some time in traveling, locat- ing in Davenpart in 1S6S. He at once engaged in the brewery business, at his present location. Second and Taylor streets. Pre- vious to coming to Davenport, he kept a brewery in Black Hawk, Scott Co., 10 years. Pie was married in Le Claire, la., March 1, 1871, to Emilie Lambaek. Her parents rei^ide in this city. Mr. and Mrs. Lehrkind have had live children — Julius, Waltei", Carl, Bertha and Emilie. Hiirveij Leonard^ ex-Sheriff of Scott Connty, was first elected to office in 18-47, and held it continuously until ISCO; then there was an interval of 12 years during which he was out of office. He was again elected and took charge of the office in January, 1872, and has filled the office by reelection until January, 1882, making a total of 22 years and five months that he has served in the capacity of sheriff. Upon his refusal to run for it longer, his son Natlianiel was elected in the fall of 1881. and assumed the duties of the office Jan. 1, 1882. Mr. Harve3' Leonard was born in Warren Co., O., Nov. 20, 1812. His parents were James Leonard, a Penusylvanian, and Jane (Biggs) Leonard, a native of Virginia. To them were born seven children, of whom three sons and one daughter are living. Harvey Leonard was the first born child. His parents moved to Dearborn Co., Ind., when he was a small lad. He remained there until he was 16 years of age, when he went to St. Clair Co., 111., and tiiere prosecuted his trade of brick- maker and mason; the former trade he was master of at that early age. After remaining there nine years, he came to Daven- port, Iowa, in the spring of 1837. At that time there were but three cabins on the ground composing the present site of tlie city. At the present time there are but three persons living who preceded him in the city, viz.: D. C. Eldridge, Wm. L. Cook and Win. Van Tyle. Heat once engaged in manufacture of brick, of which he made the first ever used in Davenport, and carrying on mason uork, taking contracts for erecting buildings. In August, 1838, he erected the first brick building in tiie city, which still stands on the northeast corner of Main and Third streets. He pursued his trade until 1856, when the duties of liis oflice became so onerous that he was compelled to abandon it, and devote his time to official labors; during the interim of 12 years that he was out of office, he assumed the business of brick-making. Mr. Leonard was married in St. Clair Co., 111., in 1835, to Pelagil Boughnou; she is of French descent, and was born in St. Louis, Mo., in 1811:. Eleven children blessed this union, viz.: James M., Charles H (deceased), Nathaniel, who was for several years deputy slierift" and is now sheriff) Pelagic Jane, (now the wife of John J. Ryan, and resides in Larimer Co., Col.) Samuel Fletcher, Louise (who died in youth) George J., John H., Agnes (now deceased), Laurel S., Leonard. The living children are all residents of Scott County, save the one daugliter; they were all born in Davenport except James M., who was born in St. Claire Co.. III. Mr. Leonard lias been a member CITY OF DAVENPORT. 869 of the Old Settlers' Association since its organization, ami lias served as its president. Politically he is a Democrat and has al- ways been elected against a liepublican majority in the county; he was first elected much against his wish. Mr. Leonard made the first brick for and built the court-house in lS'i2. In that year he was elected mayor of the citN- of Davenport. JVat/ianiel Leonard, Sherifi' o1t Scott Co., Iowa, was born in the city of Davenport, on March 21, 1843. His father, Harvey Leonard, was born in Lebanon Co., O., and settled in Scott County in the spring of 1836; he married Pelagil Boughnou, by whom he had 11 children. Nathaniel was the third son; he attended school un- til he was IS years old when ho went to the Rocky Mountains and engaged in mining and prospecting until 1S6S, and at that time returned to Davenport. lie followed brick-making here until 1873, when he was appointed deputy sherift", and held that position until October 1881, when he received his present appointment. He was united in marriage with Mrs. Mary E. Albrecht, of Louisa Co., la., on April 7, 1871. They have three children — Edward, Willie and Bessie. Mr. Leonard is a niember of Druids Lodge, No. 10. In political views he is a Democrat. 0/ia-s. M. Leonard, foreman C. II. I. & P. Railway car shops, was born in Randolph, Mass., March 12, 1840. lie was a son of M. M. and ilercy J. (Jenny) Leonard. They iiad a family of four children, three sons and one daughter. Chas. M. was the eldest son, and when nine years of age moved with his parents tn Wey- mouth, Mass., where he attended the common and high schools until 18, g.-adnating.Iune, 1858. He then worked in a planing-mill until April 1861, when he enlisted in Company H, 11th Massachu- setts Infantry Volunteers, and remained in the service three years, when he located at La Salle, III., and followed the trade of mill- wrisht until September, 1S66. He then worked in C, R. I. & P. Railway car shops at Chicago, 111., until October, 1871; when he went ro Trenton, Mo., where he had charge of the company's shops until March, 1S74, when he took charge of the same company's cjir shops at Davenport. Mr. Leonard married Miss Anna E. Miller, Nov. 30, 1870. She was born in Catskill, N. Y.; her pa- rents were Joel E. and Eunice Miller. Mr. and Mrs. Leonard are both members of the Calvary Baptist Church in Davenport. Mr. Leonard is a Mason and a member of Davenport Lodge, A. F. «fe A. M., No. 37. and in politics he is a Republican. He has worked for the C, R. I. & P. Railway since September, 1866. A. J. tfe F. W. Lerch, dealers in stoves and tinware, 120 West Third street, established this business in 1867, on a small capital. By fair dealing and steady application to business, they have placed themselves at the head in their line of business in Daven- port. They own and occupy a large three-story buihliug 25 -k 123 feet, with a basement. An elevator connects the rio>rs, and on the whole it is one of the finest business buildings in the city. A. 870 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. J. & F. "W. Lerch were born in Munders, Hanover, Germany, tlie former on Oct. 23. 1843, the latter Feb. 11, 1839. Their parents were Henry Lercli and Johanna, nee Rumpf, natives of Hanover. They attended scliool in Germany until they were 14 years old when they learned the tinner's trade and followed that business until tliey came to America. F. W. came in 1855, and landed at New York, Dec. 22, of that year. Previous to coming to Daven- port, he worked in Pittsbnr;:, Pa., seven years, and at Watertown Arsenal, near Boston, Mass.; near San Francisco, Cal., and in 1865 went to Rock Island. Ill , where he worked at the Arsenal until 1867, then came to Davenport and formed a partnership with his brother, which still continues. He married Regina Schweizer, born in Williamsport, N. Y., April 6, 1871. They have four chil- dren — Willie, Otto, Clara and August. He is a Mason and a mem- ber of Fraternal Lodge, No. 221; Davenport Chapter, No. 16, St. Simon of Cyreus, N(v. 9; K. F. ; Nobles of Mystic Shrine; is a 32d degree member of the A. A. S. M. and Iowa L. of H. ; of the Northwestern Masonic Association of Chicago, and Freemason Mutual Aid Association, of Preston, Iowa. A. J. ].,erch came to America in 1865, and worked at liis trade in Pittsburg until 1866 when he came to Davenport, and one year later formed his present partnership. He married Helena Schhipp, of Burlington, Iowa, Oct. 5, 1874. They have three children — Oscar, Gustaf and Meta. He is a member of the Turners Society. Charles LessJie, son of Edward and Grace (Watson) Lesslie, was born June 17, 1811. at Dundee, Scotland, of which jilacc his parents were also natives. His father, a stationer and druggist, emigrated with his famih' to Canada about 1822 (some mem- ber of it had preceded him ), and settled in the town of Dundas, Wentworth Co., where he engaged in general merchandising, having branch stores under the management of the elder sons at York { now Toronto ) and Kingston, carrying on an e.xtensive business. The Canadian rebellion of 1837 and the political turbulence which suc- ceeded it gave rise to a general desire for immigration ; and his elder brother, James, having in 1838 visited the Territory of Iowa as one of the commissioners of the Canadian Emigration Society, and selected the village of Davenport as a promising site for a colony. Mr. Chas. Lesslie the following year moved to that place, where he has since resided, and at once established himself as a merchant, in which business he was successful, and from which he retired in 1857. He was married in June, 1845, to Orina AV. San- ford, the daughter of a Davenport merchant, a true-hearted and refined Christain woman. They had six children, one living, Charlie C. He became a citizen of the United States the same year. In 1848 he was elected township school inspector, and represented his ward as alderman that year, a position which he again tilled in 1850. Was immediately' nominated for mayor about this time, but declined to act. Though not a politician, he took an active part in the temperance reform of that period, and was an officer of the first CITY OF DAVENPORT. 871 temperance society organized in Iowa, and was also a tirin friend of the anti slavery cause. He was one of the charter members of the Davenport Board of Trade, and its first president ; and in 1857-'58 was treasurer of the Ilawkeye [usurance Company. In 1860 he was elected a director of the State Bank of Iowa, and retained a position upon the board for several years after that institution was re-organized as the Davenport National Bank. Soon after iiis ar- rival in Davenport, he united with the Disciples of Christ, and has been an active member of that denomination, serving that church for many years in the capacity of elder, trustee and chor- ister, and has also taken part in the management of the missionary and State work of that body. II. P. Lewis, principal of the Davenport High School, is a na- tive of Claremont, N. II., born July 28, lS-t9, of George G. Lewis and Adeline, nee Labaree, the former a native of New Hampshire, and she of Vermont. The subject of this memoir assisted on his father's farm anil attended the district schools until his 21st 3'ear, when he entered Dartmouth College, and graduated from that in- stitution in June, 1S74. He spent two years in Derry, N. II., as principal of the Pinkerton Academy, then came West, and located in Davenport in 1876. Previous to receiving his present appoint- ment, he was principal of School No. 2, for two years. He has four assistants, and the course is very thorough, consisting of the studies of Latin, Greek, mental and moral philosophy, chemistry, astronomy, zoology, botany, gliysiology, algebra, geometry, trip- onometry, political economy, english litrature, rhetoric and physi- cal geography. The enrollment is 2i0 pupils, and the average attendance 2(i0. They liave a classical course of four years, and an English course of three years. Mr. Lewis is one of our representative men, and takes an interest in everything pertaiTiing to the educa- tional advancement of Davenport D.R. LiJIihridge, pro]irietor and principal of the Bryant & Stratton Business College, nortiiwest corner Brady and Second streets, was born in Wellington, Conn., Feb. 9,1839. His parents were Amos and Mary (Piccan) Lillibridge, natives of Connecticut. They were members of the Baptist church and iiad a family of six children. D. P., was the third son. lie attended school and worked on his fatlier'S farm until 16, when he began teaching country schools, and learned tlie machinist's trade; when 19 he finished the machinist's trade; be then had charge ollladly Co. 's machine shops at Holyokc, Mass., one year. In July, 1861, enlisted in the 11th Rhode Island Keg., Co. B, Inf., for nine montJis ; he then went to Providence, R. I., and attended the business college six months; has taught in the Brytuit ct Stratton schools ever since. In 1873 he located in Davenport, Iowa, and bought the business college here, which he still owns. lie married Miss Marie D. Walters, Dec. 24, 1867; her parents were William and Ann I. (Lamphier) Walters. Mr. and Mrs. Lillibridge are members of the Episcopal church, and have had four children, two living, viz. : 872 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Nannie and May Lillibridge. Mr. Lillibridge emploj-s 11 teacliers in the college, and teaches bookkeeping, commercial arithmetic, commercial law, business and ornamental penmanship, phonography, telegraphy, and English branches, Mr. Lillebridge is a Mason and a member of Davenport Lodge, No. 37, Iowa Legion of Honor, and the V. A. S. Fraternity. Otis B. Lip2ntt, was born in Noble Co., Ohio, Oct. 11, JSJ:7. He was the son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Dunbar) Lippitt. His father was born in Ohio, and mother in Massachusetts. His father died Oct. 12, 1853, in Noble Co., Ohio, and in May, 1856, his mother again married, Joseph Andrews being her second husband. Li the fall of 1858, when Otis was 11 years old, they moved to Keokuk Co., Iowa, and resided on a farm. In June, 1859, Otis went to Khode Island, and remained until October, when he returned liome and remained until May, 1862. He went back to Rhode Island, remaining till the fall of 1863, when he returned to Iowa. In April, 186i, he went to Denmark to attend school. In June, while he was still at school, his mother died, and his stepfather sold oat and went back to Ohio. Otis R. went back to Denmark and attended school another year. He came to Davenport in the fiill of 1865, and clerked for Sickels & Preston, in the hardware business, and continued to clerk for them till June, 1S66. Was in Keokuk county during the summer, and in the fall of 1806 came to Davenport and attended Griswold College one yeai*. After wiiich he went to Keokuk County and served as deputy clerk for one year. Then came to Davenport and attended Griswold College a year and a half. In the summer of 1869 went to Provi- dence, R. I. He was married in October, 1870, to Adella C. Conaro, at Denmark, Iowa, She was a daughter ot James and Emily (Montgomery) Conaro, who now reside in Lee Co., Iowa. Mr. Lijipitt spent part of the winter in Denmark and worked on his farm during the following summer. In tlie fall of 1871 went to work for Griggs, Watson & Day, and stayed with them over a year. Moved to Sigourney in 1873, and in August of the same year went to Burlington as bookkeeper for Lange & Van Meter, wholesale music house, and returned to Davenport in 1876. He then spent one year as commercial traveler for Egbert, Fiddler & Chambers. He was appointed deputy clerk in 1879, which position he still holds. He is the father of live children, four ot whom are now living, three boys and one girl, his daughter dying in 1873. Mr. Lippitt is a Republican in politics. Auguste iV. Littlg is a native of Spichren, France, and was born on the 2J:th of November, 1818. His parents, Peter and Mary (Blaser) Littig, were born in the same place, the former in 1794. He died in Davenport in 1881. She died in New Orleans in 1836. In 1836 the subject of this memoir came to the United States, and landed in New Orleans, where he remained one year, then went to Rock Island, 111. Having learned the cabinet maker's trade in Paris, France, where he was reared, he followed his trade and CITY OF DAVENPORT. 873 worked at tlie brewery business in Rock Island until 1854, when he removed to Comanche, Iowa, and engaj^ed in the brewery and milling bvisiness there until 186G, and at that time came to Daven- ])ort. From 1S06 to 1877 he conducted a brewery on the corner of Filth and Iowa streets, which is now owned by J- Lage & Co., since that time has lived a retired lii'e. lie was married June 14-, 1840, to Mary E. Rilling, who was born in Prussia, Dec. 18, 1822. Her father died in Iowa in 1838; her mother in Rock Isl- and County, in March, 1875. Mr. and Mrs. Littig have had 12 children, nine living — John A., now residing in New Mexico; Uer- austan M., resides in Illinois; Caroline, now Mrs. Phillip Tricch- ler; Matilda, married John L. Evers; Amanda, married Detrick Metzger; Jennette, now Mrs. Andrew Littig; Fannie, Margaret, and Henriette. In politics Mr. Littig is a Democrat. Jens Lorenz6)i, wholesale and retail dealer in crockery, 223 West Third street, was born in Schlesvvig, Germany, April 0, 1833. His father was Theodore Lorenzen, a native also of that country. The subject of this memoir came to the United States and located in Chicago, 111., in 1854. He clerked there until 1856, when he came to Davenport. In 1857 he embarked in the retail business, on a small capital; his trade has increased until he does an annual business of 8100,000. He employs four men as commtn-cial travel- ers and nine in tlie house. He buys goods in England, France, and Germany. Buys his glassware from the fact)ries in America. He has been director of the Citizens National and German Savings Banks, since their organization. Has been city school treasurer for the past eight years. Phillip J. Louer, grocer, 1302 Harrison street, was born in Lauderbauch, Pavaria. Germany, June 28, 1828. His father, Peter Louer, canac with his family to the United States when our subject was four years old. Peter Louer died of yellow fever in New Orleans, in the winter of 1832 ; his wife died in St. Louis soon after. Phillip was there adopted by a family of Kentuckj' peojjle, with whom he lived until he was 18 years old. lie attended school one and a half years in St. Louis, then went the overland route with mule teams to California, with the first large party that went from that county. There were 140 men, 50 of wliom died with cholera on the way there. The journey occupied 151 days, or five months; could now be made in five days. After a sojourn of 11 months in California, the party returned by way of the Isthmus of Panama. When about half way across the isthmus two of the partj% one an Iowa man, the other, Mr. Ford, of Peoria, lagged behind the rest, and were attacked by robbers. The man from Iowa had one thumb cut off, and was robbed of $S00. At the ne.xt stopping ]ilace a subscrijition was taken up for them, each man giving $60 to help pay the unfortunate men's way home. Mr. Louer returned to St. Louis where he worked at the brick-layer's trade until 1852, when he came to Davenport. He was married in Galena, 111., to Mrs. Agnes A. Gildae, Aug. 10, 1852. She was a daughter of John 874 HISTORY OF scorr countt. and Eliza ( Kaufman ) Ta^vlor, and was born near Syracuse, N. T. Mr. and Mrs. Louer resided in this city two j'ears after their mar- riage, then removed to L'j Claire, where they lived three years; thence to a farm nine miles from Davenport. In 186i Mr. Louer disposed of his farm and came to tliis city, and bought the property where he has his present grocery store. He carries a fall stock- of staple and fancy groceries. Mrs. Lau3r is a member of the Catholic Church. lioberi Zomy's ^vea,t - gvundi'-dthei; Col. Ale.xander Loury, was born in the North ot Ireland, in December, 1723, and came to America with his father, Lazarus Loury, in the year 1729, and settled in Donegal Township, Lancaster Co., Peun. Col. Alex- ander Loury was elected a member of the Legislature, in 1775, and of the Senate in 1776. Was elected a member of the convention that formed the first constitution of Pennsylvania ; and commanded the Lancaster County militia in the battle of Brandywine. His grandfather, Lazarus Loury, was born in Donegal Township, Lan- caster Co., Penn., and moved to Frankstown Township, Blair Co., Penn., about 17S0, when he purchased some 700 acres of land between Frankstown and Ilollidaysburg. He died in 1S13, leaving 11 children, four sons and seven daughters. The names of the boys were: Alexander, John Fleming, Lazarus and Robert. His father, Alexander Loury, was born in Djnegal Township, Lancaster Co., Penn., on the 22d day of December. 1786. He married Miss Margretta Bouslougli, in 1806. He died on the -ith day of August, 1854, at Yellow Springs, Blair Co., Penn. His mother was born near Hagerstown, Md., on the 3d day of November, 1785. She died at l.ellow Springs, in March, 1852. Robert Loury was born on the 2d daj' of November, 1816, near HoUidaysburg, Blair Co., Penn. Received a common-school education. Married Miss Eliza- beth Heilen McGhee, at Dayton, Ohio, on the ith day of October, 1847. In August, 1848, he was appointed by Gov. "William F., Johnston, of Pennsylvania, aide-de-camp to the governor, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the militia, of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. On the 11th day of May, 1853, he moved with his family to Davenport, Iowa. In April, 1864, he was elected mayor of Davenport, having received 946 majoritj'. Nov. 8, 1864, he was elected to the State Senate of Iowa. AVas elected a delegate to the National Republican Convention that assembled in Chicago, Ma}' 20, 1868, and nominated General Grant for President and Schuyler Colfax, for Vice-President. At the October election, 1869, he was again elected to the Senate of Iowa, from Scott County. At the session of the Senate in January, 1872, was elected president pro tern, of the Senate, was chairman of the Committee on Rail- roads. In October, 1871, was appointed by President Grant, LInited States centennial commissioner for the State of Iowa. The United States Centennial Commission met at Independance Hall, Philadelphia. At their first meeting, on the 4th day of March, 1872, he was elected vice president of the commission. The com- CITY OF DAVENPOET. 875. mission was in executive session fur some years. He never missed a session of the commission. Morton L. Marks, of tlie tirm of Van Pattan & Marks, whole- sale grocers, 119, 121 and 123 East Second street, was born in Onon- daga, Onondaga Co., N. Y., Oct. 4, 1S39, and is a son of Enoch and Margaret (Welton) Marks, natives of Hartford, Conn. Tlie former was snperintendent of the Onondaga Salt Springs, in the years 1847 and '4S. They are now residents of Oak Park, 111. Morton L. attended and taught a school in Onondaga Cannty, until he was 21 years old. He studied law in the village of Caramilus. N^. Y., six months, then in July, 1861, enlisted in the l-22d New York Inf. Vols., Co. H, as a private. He was elected by this company as first lieutenant, and served one year; he was then appointed captain of Co. B, the same regiment, and remained with thena until tiie close of tlie war. Wiiile in the service he ])articipated in all tiie various engagements of his regiment. Among them were tlie battles of Antietam, two battles of Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Gold Harbor, Petersburg, then drove Gen. Early out of Washington, and went with Siieridan up the Shenandoah Valley and engaged in the battles of Winchester and Mine Run. After- ward went to Petersburg and was in the battle which resulted in the surrender uf Richmond. He was mustered out at Washington, D. C. In March, 186*5, he came to Davenport, where he remained a short time. He traveled over Illinois, Missouri and Kansas, and the western part of Iowa, where he bought cattle one year. In March, 1867, returned to Davenport and formed a partnershij) with J. P. Van Pattan, in the grocery business, which still continues. Mr. Marks was married Jan. 20, 1869, to Miss Ilellen A. Sanders, of D.uibury, Conn. Her father, J. P. Sanders, is an attorney and Past Grand Sire in I. O. O. F., and resides at Yonkers, N. Y. His wife, Elvina Marks, nee Ferguson, is a native of New York. Mr. and Mrs. M. L. Marks have had four children — Louis M., Ciiarles R., Margaret A. and James S., who died in November, 1877. Mr. Marks is a member of A. O. U. W., Lodge No. 17. and V. A. S., and Iowa L. of II. He has held the office of alder- man of the Fourth Ward two years and in politics is a Republican. Hiram C. Marsh, busincbs manager of the Davenport Oazette, has been a member of the Gazette company, since lS71-'72; a ])ortion of the time as superintendent of the mechanical depart- ment and since as business manager. He is a native of Tompkins Co., N. \ ., born in 1^36. He learned the printei-'s trade, chiefly at Saratoga Springs, where he lived eight years. In 1861 he went to Buffalo; was there during the war. In 1866 he returned to Tompkins County and pnblished the Groton Journal till 1872, when he came West and became one of the firm, jniblishing the Davenport Gazette. He has been identified with the printing business since he was 13 years of age. He received his education in a New York academy. He was married near Buffalo, N. Y., in 1859, to Sarah Bedell, a native of Vermont. They have one son and one daughter, grown to maturity. 876 HISTORY OF SCOT:r COUNTY. John L. Mason, proprietor of the carriage works, 119 and 121 E. Fourth St., established this factory in partnership with Mr. Evens, in February, 186S. Since October, 1S81, Mr. Mason has been sole owner. He occu])ies two brick buildings, one 30x80, three stories high, with an elevator, and one 26x160, and two stories in height. Also have warerooms under the Kimball House. He manufactures a full line of fine carriages, phaetons, buggies, and makes a specialty of tine wagons. The subject of this memoir was born in Bowmanville, Ontario. Canada, July 14, 1844, and was a son of Samuel and Elizabeth Mason, nee Sweet, natives of England. John L. lo?ated in Davenport in January, 1866, where he has since resided. He was married Sept. 26, 1866, to Maria M. Colman, of Portsmouth, England. They have had four children — Charles F., Webster L, Marian E. and Wesley R., who died in infancy. Mr. Mason is a merabi'r of A. O. U. W., Lodge No. 17, and in politics is a Republican. Augustus I'. Mast was born in Brunswick, Germany, Oct. 1, 1819. His parents were Erhardt Mast and Caroline, nee Rust, both Germans. They emigrated to America in 1833, going tirst to Wheeling, West Virginia, where our subject was employed on the river boats until 1849. In that year he removed to Davenport. In 1849 he engaged in the general merchandise business, which he followed until 1853, when he was appointed postmaster of Davenport under President Pierce, and was reappointed by Buchanan in 1857. At the close of his second term, in 1861, he was elected to the office of county recorder and treasurer, and served two years. He engaged in 1864 with L. B. Meyer, in the cigar and tobacco business, and remained with him 13 years. In 1879 he commenced Ijusiness for himself, opening a cigar and tobacco store at 222 Brady St., where he has been very successful. Mr. Mast was married in 1846, to Miss Johanna Witt, a native of Germany. They have eight children, as follows: Amelin, now married and living in Leadville; Ferdinand, bookkeeper; Chas. Albert, teller and assistant cashier of the Davenport National Bank; Frank P., with Beidebecke & Miller; Julia, who resides with her parents; Willie H., bookkeeper in the land department. Rock Island Railroad; Clarence, printer; and Lee B., in the tele- graph office. Mr. Mast has been a life-long Democrat. Henry II. Matlock, manager of the Western Telephone Com- pany, corner of Second and Brady streets, was born near Charles- ton, N. C, Aug. 30, 1840, and was a son of George W. and Mary A. (Spencer) Matlock, of Pennsylvania. Henry attended school until lie was IS years old, when he learned telegraphing, and be- came chief operator of 'the U. S. Telegraph Company in 1864, at Chicago, 111. In 1S65 he came to Davenport as manager of the Western Telegraph Company, and held that position until July 1, 1881, when he resigned to take his ])resent position. In Novem- ber, 1881, he was appointed assistant general superintendent for the Western Telephone Co., of the Iowa division, a position he still !;t ^^^f the tornado, which swept over that place in 1860 and swept away all he had accumulated. From there moved to Daven])ort. He married Mary Work in Marshall Co., 111., by whom there was one son, James H., a graduate at Mt. Carroll Seminary, and at present employed by the X. W. R. R. Co., at Chicago. ' IVlrs. Mitchell died about 1841. He again married Eveline Howard: she was born in Xorwieh, A't., Xov. 15, 1819. By this union there are four children living — ^Eveline B., wife of N. W. Woodford, of Davenport; Charles IL, now a rising 884 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. young lawyer of Chicago, and a graduate at the law department of the State University; Linnie R., and Mary, now the wifeot J. F. Clark, of Davenport. The Captain has been engaged more or less in river traffic, having command of several boats. James H. en- listed in the 27th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war, being in the service uearh' four years. John I . MoelJer, paper box manufactory, 325 and 327 West Second St., engaged in this business June 20, ISSl. The factory was first established by Mr. Fay, who owned it until 1874, when Mr. H. F. Moeller purchased it and conducted it until Mr. J. F. Moeller bought him out on June 20, ISSl. He manufactures paper boxes of every description, and is always prepared to fill orders promptly. The factory has been greatly im])roved under his management; have all the improved machinery for doing first- class work. He employs 16 girls. Mr. Moeller was born July 23, 1845, in Schleswig, Germany, and was a son of Wulf and Wihel- mina Moeller, natives ot Germany. John learned the brick-layer's trade and attended school in his native country until he was 19 years old, when he came with his brother to the United States. He spent three years in Calhoun Co., Mich., and in 1868 located in Davenport. He worked for Knostman & Peterson, in the furniture factory, where he learned turning, and in the box factory until he became projirietor of that business in ISSl. He was mar- ried Oct. 27, 1871, to Mary Harder, a native of Germany. They have had five children — Minnie M., Henry, Tillie, Hannah and Hugo. Mr. Moeller is a member of I. O. O. F., Scott Co. Lodge, No. 37, of the United Brotherhood of Iowa, and K. P., Davenport Lodge, No. 60. In politics lie is a Democrat. Daniel Moore was born in tlie city of Leicester, Leicestershire, England, Sept. 25, 1819, and was a son of Ricliard and Elizabeth Moore, nee Smith, both natives of England, where they died. Daniel attended school in his native country until his tenth year, when in May, 1830, lie emigrated to America. Landing in Phila- delphia, Pa., on the sixth day of July, 1830, with an older brother, Charles, who returned to England two years after, and is living there yet. His other brother, Geoi-ge then lived in Manayunk, Pa., but in the fall of the same year, 1830, concluded to move to Cincinnati, O., and they gave Daniel his choice, to stay in Phila- delphia or go to the West, and his choice was the latter. They crossed the Alleghany Mountains by teams to Pittsburg;, Pa., then down the Ohio River in a skiif, as far as Letart Falls, and from there to Cincinnati in a flat boat. He there agreed with Mr. Thomas Graham to learn the trade of baker, with whom he stayed until June, 1834. He then engaged in steam-boating until the fall of 1838, and made two trips from St. Louis to Prairie du Chien, Wis., in the fall of 1835. He quit the river in the fall of 1838, and again resumed his trade in Sc. Louis, Mo., where he was married on Jan. 21, 1840, to Miss Ellen Reilly Ayers, who waa born in the city of New York and came to St. Louis in 1837. They have had five children — Robert P., Edwin O., Charles E., Eliza- CITA' OF DAVENPORT. 885 beth and Horace S. Edwiu (). died in 1847, and Elizabeth died in 1S76. Ill October, 1841, they moved to Stephenson (now Rock Island) and started the baking business, but meeting with poor success they moved over the river to Davenport on Sept. 9, 1842, and have lived here ever since. From 1842 to 1851, he was the onl}- baker and butcher carrying on business in Davenport. In 1851 he gave up the butchering and continued the baking until February, 1S73, when he sold out and retired from the business. During the war he furnished bread for the soldiers under Govern- ment cuntract, and he fed the first company of soldiers that ar- rived here, and the last company that was mustered out of service after the war was over. In 1S73 he turned his attention to selling a patent bake-oven which he had invented for burning soft coal, and which met with a good sale. Soon after the organization of the Old Settlers' Society, he became a member, and has held the office of president of that association since the fall of 1881. In 1856 he was burned out, which was the direct cause of organizing the fire department of Davenport. He was one of the leading spirits in that organization, and was elected foreman of the hand engine " Witch." Two of his sons are members of the department at the present time. He also belonged to Scott Division, No. 1, Sons of Temperance, from 1851 to 1877, when he joined the United Order of Ancient Templars, and is still a member of the order. He was an old-time Whig from 1840 until the extinction of that party, since which time he has acted with the Republican party, until the last few years. Now he votes for principles more than party. Mr. Moore is a self-made man, and in spite of several reverses he has, by his own indomitable energy and perseverance, surniounted nearly all obstacles, and has made for himself a good name, merit- ing and receiving the confidence and respect of his fellow-citizens. A. Moi'itz, wholesale and retail dealer in clothing and gents' furnishing goods, 105 West Second street, established this business in 1870 in company with L. Loenstein. Since 1871 Mr. Moritz has conducted this business alone. He occupies a building, 25 x 85 feet, four stories in height, with a basement. His retail department is on the first floor; the wholesale on the second, third and fourth floors. He carries a full and complete line of domestic and im- ported goods, employs three traveling salesmen, and does aa annual business of $175,000. Mr. Moritz was born nearFrankford, Hessen, Germany, Dec. 19, 1846. When he was IS years old, he emi- grated to the United States, and landed in New York City, where he clerked until 1867, when he came to Davenport, and clerked here until 1870, when he established his present business. He was married April 11, 1869. to Miss Caroline Hamburger, of Frankford, Germany. Of six children born to them, four are living — Harry, Sid- ney, Mamie and Jesse. ^Ir.Moritz is aMason and ^[ember of Fraternal Lodge, No. 221; Davenport Chapter, R. A. M., No. 16, and of I, U. B. II, Lodge No. 174. He is one of the leading business-men of 886 HISTORY OF SCO'IT COUNTY. Davenport and has the largest and oulv exclusive wholesale clothing house in the citj". Dr. James B. Morgan was born in Eric Co., Pa., Juh- 6, 1S;?9, son of James Ji. Morgan, of England, who came to the United States when 18 years old. He was a sailor, and died when our subject was quite young. His mother was again married and the family moved to JDelaware Co., Iowa, in the fall of 184.5. James E. enlisted at Dubuque in Co., I, First Iowa Inf., under Captain Frank J. Herrou, afterward major-general. Dr. Morgan served as private for three months, then enlisted as orderly sergeant in Co. K, 12th Iowa Inf., for three years, and was then promoted to first lieutenant and served as such until the close of the war. He participated in nearly all the principal battles of the West. Before entering the service, he had decided to study medicine and while in the army he learned a great deal about surgery by observation. In tlie fall of 1866 he began his professional career by attending lectures at Rush Medical College in Chicago. He was induced by Prof. Lackey, demonstrator of anatomy at that college, to pursue den- tistry instead of surgery. In April. 1S77, he came to Davenport, as delegate from Post 71, Hopkinton, Iowa, to the permanent organ- ization of the Grand Army of the Republic of Iowa, and made arrangements while here to study dentistry in the ofSce of Dr. Miner. The following fall he entered Philadelphia Dental College, graduating from there as D. D. S. in February, 1S7S. He re- turned to tliis city, and in June, 1879, purchased the ofiice of Dr. Gunckle, and has been actively engaged in the practice of his pro- fession sinc3. He has all the latest appliances in dentistry and has met with flattering success as a practitioner. Dr. Morgan was the originator of the U. O. A. T. in Iowa, and is a zealous worker for that order, of which he is Past Templar of Templar Ko. 1, and is also Adjutant, Post No. 1, G. A. R. He was married to Miss Min- nie Ilariis of Sas Harbor, Long Island, A'. Y., Sept. 28, 1871. Mossviaii c£" VoUmer. commercial printers and manufacturers of all kinds of rubber stamps, 131 and 1.3.3 East Third street. The Rubber Stamp Manufactory was established in 1867, and incorpo- rated in 1879, as the T. S. Buck tt Co. Rubber Stamp Manufacturing Company. On Aug. 20 Mr. Vollmer became half owner, and in 1881 Mr. Mossman purchased Buck's interest, and they added the I'ob printing department, where they are prepared to do all kinds of commercial printing. Albert L. Mossman came to Daven]>ort in 1852, and served an ap])renticesliip in the Gazette office, learning the various branches of the printing business, including press work and job printing, and was afterward manager for the Democrat job rooms 18 years, until March 10, 1881, when he purchased the interest of T. S. Buck in the Rubber Stamp Manufactory. Mr. Mossman married Miss Amanda Campbell of Mercer Co.. Peun., in 1861. The fruit of this marriage is three children, viz. : Wm. C, Linnie ■ and Roy Mossman. Mr. Albert L. Mossman, joined the Y. M. C. A. of this city some 15 years ago; and in March, 1881, was elected president of this .association. He and wile are CITY OF DAVENPORT. 887 members of the Ciilvarv I'aptist Church, of which he is deacon. He lias been superintemlent of the Nortli Daven])ort Mission Sun- day-school ei<);ht years, and a member of tlie Iowa Legion of Honor. Henry Vvllmer was born in Uiemen, Germany, Bee. 27, 1837. His parents weie John and.Margaret (Kraul) Vollmer, who brought him to America in 18-41, when four years of age; landed in ]^ew Orleans, then wont to St. Louis, Mo., where Henry attended school until 13, when he learned the printer's trade with Llill it McKee, of the Missouri Deruocrat. In ISGl i\[r. Vollmer came to Daven- port, where he worked as superintendent of the German Der Dem- ocrat paper, until 1870, when he established his present business, and in 1881 formed a ])artnership with Mr. Mossman. Mr. Voll- mer married Miss Dorathea Phunbeck Aug. 15, 1863. The fruit of tiiis marriage is seven children, of whom are living, — Emil, Henry, Charles, Dora and Agnes. Mr. Vollmer is a member of Davenport Lodge Xo. 17, A. 0. U. W. Christ Mueller, of the tirm of Schricker ifc Mueller, came to Dav- enport in June, 1852. and in the spring of 185-1 engaged in the lumber business on a salar\-. Previous to this he had been en- gaged in the manufacture of vinegar, but on April 1, 185-4, his factory was totally destroyed by tire. He lost everytliing, comjiell- ing him t > go to work as a laborer. From 1855 he was a partner in erecting a tlouring mill in Alliance, Iowa, whicii they ran two years, when, the enter]irise proving unprofitable, he returned to tlie lumber business, as s desman and manager for a tirm in Daven- port, continuing until 1863, then speculated in grain until 1868, in which he was very successful. March 1, 1868, he bought an in- terest in his present business, and became a member of the above- named firm. The com]>any buys logs and timber, which they manu- facture into Inmbt-r and shingles, and also run a saw and jdaning mill. They do an enormfms business, having handled over 13,ii00,- 000 feet of lumber in 188 L They own a stern-wheel steamboat which is used in rafting, on which 15 men are employed. Their entire force numbers 125 hands. Mr. Mueller was born in Germany in 1823. in Holstein. He was in the Scheleswick-Holstein rebel army, in which service he received three wounds in 1848. He landed in America in June, 1852. He was united in marriage in June, 1854, in this city with E])lielia Claussen, daughter of H. K. Claussen, a ))rominent lawyer of Davenport, and at one time a member of the State Senate of Iowa. They have one daughter and four sons, the (ddest of whom, Frank W., is bookkeeper for the firm. Mr. J[ueiler was the original prime mover in orgnnizing the Turners Society, and was 25 years one of its leading officers; has tilled the ]irincipal chairs in the organization. He is also a member of the Schuetzenveen Shar]i-Shooters' Association. William Mullen, m;\ni\%er ^OT the celebrated "Gennine Singer Company," office 326 Brady St., was born in Winnebago, Wis., Jan. 26, 1855. His parents were Charles and Mary (Fox) Mullen, natives of Ireland and Canada. They had a family of 888 HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. seven sons. William, the subject of this sketch, attended school until 10 veai'S of age, when his father died, and at that early age he struck out to make his own living. He drove team and worked for farmers until 15. when he learned iron and wood bridge building, which business he followed until 1872, wlien he came West, ife worked here at Davenport, Iowa, on the Government bridge. as draw- tender, two years. lie then worked at bridge-building for the C, R. I. & P. R'y until 1880, when he began to work for the Singer Co., and received his present appointment as manager of the Co.'s office here September, 1881. This office is the oldest sewing machine office in the city, and was established here in 1S6T, and thousands of the "Genuine Singer" sewing machines have been sold each year since that time, and this house justly deserves the good name it has alwa^vs had. The Singer machine is widely known, and is a favorite with all for simplicity and splendid work. The history of the Singer machine is known by all, and these machines are sold all over the United States as well as in Europe. Mr. William Mullen, manager for the Davenpoit tiffice, warrants every machine he sells. He married Miss Ella Mullen, April 21, 1873. She was born in Davenport, Iowa ; she was a daughter of William and Ella (O'Neil) Mullen, who settled in Scott Couiityin 1837 or 'S. Mr. and Mrs. William Mullen, subject of this sketch, have had three children, viz. : William, Jr., Robert, and George Mullen. Mr. Mullen is a member of the Catholic Total Abste- nence of America, and in politics he is a Greenbacker. Thomas Murray, Connty Surveyor and City Engineer of Daven- port, was elected surveyor in the fall of 1867, and took charge of the duties of the office in January, 1S68; was appointed city eno;ineer in the spring of the same year, and still holds both offices. He is of Scotch nativity, born in 1845. His father, Charles Mur- ray, married Miss Barbary Murray, and they emigrated to the United States in 1855, and located in Scott Co., Iowa, and are now residents of Davenport. They have a family of eight cliildren. Thomas Murray attended the schools of this city, and having a taste for mathematics, naturallv turned his attention to surveying. He is a Mason, a member of lodge, chapter and commandery. He was united in marriage in 1880 to Eva Daniels, a native ot Scott County. George Murray was born in Scotland, in March, ISIO. He came to the United States in 1828, and located in Pennsylvania, in the contracting business, and built the Alleghany & Portage R. R., Pottsville R. R.. a portion of the Pennsylvania Central, the canal on Sandy and P>eaver Rivers, Ohio, and the Iron Mountain Road in Missouri. In 185-1 he came to Iowa and bought a farm near Davenport, bringing his family the following spring. In 1875 they moved into the city. His marriage to Esther Croj'le occurred in iS33. They had nine children, three living, — James. William and Mary E. One son, Thomas, died in the war, a member of the 20th la. Infantry. Mrs. Esther Murray died and Mr. Murray was CITY OF DiVENPOKT. 889 again married in 185-1-, to Mrs. Harriet Morgan, '?iee Wilson. Mr. Murray is member of tlie Masonic fraternity. Mrs. Murray of tlie Presbyterian cliurch. John J. OUhamen, M. D., is a native of llolstein, Germany, born June 6, 1817, son of Jolin D. Olsliausen, of ilanover, Ger- many. Dr. Olsliausen was educated in the Gymnasium of Kd-nigs- berg, a Latin school, and graduateil from the medical dejiartment of tlie University of Kiel in 1847. He emigrated to America in the same year and located in the practice of medicine in St. Louis, Mo., remaining there until the fall of 1854, when lie came to Davenport, Li. He has been tlie recipient of a large and successful practice here, among both the American and German people. He was married in St. Louis in 1848, to Margaret E. She])man, of German birth, wiio came to St. Louis, Mo., witii her ]nirents in 1837. Dr. and Mrs. Olsliausen liad eight children, four living — Zoe, wife of Dr. i>ernliardy,of Rock Island; Theodore, now married, is salesman for the Crescent Mills; Juliana and Walter. Dr. Olsliausen made a tour through North and South America, from 1833 to '41. He is a member of the United States ^ledical Society and the Academy of Science. Has been a member of the School Board for the past 12 or 15 years. Thomas G' Shamjhnessy, grocer. 029 Harrison street, is a native of Countv Galway, Ireland, born Dec. 15, 1834. He was a son of Ed- wai'd and Helen O'Sliaughnessy, n^e Wade, of Irish birth. When Thomas wa> abnut 13 years of age his parents started for America. While on the way his father died and was buried at sea Dec. 28, 1847. Tlie remainder of the family landed at New Orleans and from there went to Madison, Ind., where Thomas worked in a brick- yard until 1854, when the family came to Davenport. Thomas still continued in the same business iiere until 1868. He then opened a grocery store and has been engaged in that business since, and is now located at the above address, where he carries a full line of groceries and staple goods. He was married to Julia Byrne. .June 15, !8()3. She was born in County Wicklow, Ireland and was a daughter of Peter and Mary Byrne natives also of that country. To Mr. and Mrs. O'Shaughnessv have been born five children — Marv A., John E., Jospph P. and Ellen. Michael B. died Aug. 15, 1871. Mrs. Julia O'Shau^hnessy died Dec. 25, 1873. Mr. O'Shaughnessy married tor his second wife Katy. daughter of Patrick and Eliza (Dunn I O'Shanirlinessy, Feb. 2, 1876, and by her has had three chil- dren — Thomas P., Michael P., who died Dec. 12, 1878, and Joseph. In connection with his grocery store Mr. O'Shaughnessy has a wholesale flour, feed and grain store, and is one of the enterpris- ing business men of the city. He is a member of the Irish National Laml League. The family belong to the St. Anthony's Parish Catholic Church. Geoi'fjeOtt was bi)ni in Prussia, Germany, May 1,1827. His parents died when he was nine years old. He received an education in Prussia, and came to the United States in 1854; located in Pough- 890 HISTOKY OF SCO'n' COUNTY. keepsie, JS". Y., where he engaged in house-painting li years, tlien came to Davenport. lu 1857 he went to St. Louis, Mo., returning to Davenport in ISGO, and established his present business of sash, dooi' and blind manufactory. lie began without any capital, ex- cept an honest name and an untiring energy; these conjoined with prudence and good management have jjroduced the usual result — success. He now carries a capital stock of 875,000, besides doing an annual business of $260,000 in real estate, wiiich is steadily in- creasing. He was married in February, 1849, to Regina Korus. They had two children — George and Lucy, both now married. Mrs. Regina Ott died and he was again married in 1S65, to Louise Gosch. Qustav Overdiech, now deceased, was born in the year 1818, in the Province of Holstein, Germany, and was a son of Ludariuo and Dora Overdieck, of German nativity. Mr. Gustav Overdieck fol- lowed a mercantile life in his native country, until 1848, and at that time he emigrated to America, and located in Scott Co., Iowa, where he engaged in farming until his death, which occurred in 1854, in Davenport. He was married in 1854 to Elise Anderson, who was born in Holstein, German}', and came to this country in 1848. Of five children born to them, four are living — Hattie, Lotta, Ellen and Allen. Mr. Overdieck was a member of the Lutheran churcli, and a sincere Ciiristian. Shnon Bailey Paige was born in Wentworth, X. H., Aug. 26, 3824. His father, James K. Paige, was of English descent, and his mother, Ann Maria Rarasa}', of Scotch origin. Our subject was bi'ought up a farmer, and attended the district-school winters, receiving material aid in his instructions from his mother. He alsf attended a private school several terms, and closed his studies in Plymouth Academy in 3 844. In the fell of that year he went to Lowell, Mass., and worked during his three years' stay in two extensive banking establishments. In company with Mr. Cochran he embai'ked in the grocery trade, which he followed several years. From 1852 to 1855 lie was deputy sherifi of Middlesex County. The next jQ&i; in partnership with his brother, he bought out an ex- tensive lumbering and general merchandise business at Oshkosh, Wis. This partnership still exists, being one of the oldest firms in Oslikosli. Our subject was an indefatigable worker for the busi- ness interests of his Western home, and was instrumental in in- corporating the Oshkosh & Mississippi River Railroad, being elected a director at the first meeting of the organization, and treasurer of the company at the first meeting of the directors. In 1872, Mr. Paige's health being somewhat impaired, he closed out his merchandising business and traveled extensively, visiting nearly every state in the Union. He also made a trip to Europe, traveling over the continent three times, and visiting the Holy Land, Syria, Turkey, Greece and islands of the Mediterranean, Cyprus, Malta, Sicily. Corfu, etc., closing his travels with a trip around the world. On his return he again applied himself to CITY OF DAVENPORT. 891 business, going extensively into the logging trade with liis brotlier, purchasing §287,000 worth of pine lands, mill pnipertj-, etc. In Februar}', IS81, the tirni of Paige, Dixon it Co. was formed, and a ]nirchase made of the extensive mill in this city formerly owned by John L. Davies. The magnitude of their business is indicated by the trial balance from their books, Nov. 30, being §22(1, 845. 48. Mr. Paige is a lover of gooti horses, and is the owner of a dozen or so, possessing the best strains of Ingh-bred trotting blood in the country. Politically he is a Re])ublican. Is a Mason of the 32d degree. He was married in 1848, in Lowell, to Miss Leaty Gush- ing Bean. They have luid no cliildren. Mrs. Paige met with a tragic death in the burning of the I5cckwith House, which occurred in December, 1880. This was a crushing blow to a kind and artectionate husband, as they had never been separated but a few weeks at a time during their long and happy married life of nearly 33 years. James Monroe Parher, retired, was born inMeshoppen, Luzerne Co. (now "Wyoming Co.), Penn., May 20, 1824. His father and mother, Jonathan and Xaonii (Titus) Parker, were natives of Rutland Co., Vermont, and moved to Canada in an early day, where they remained five years. They then returned to Vermont, and soon after removed to Meshoppen, Penn., where his father engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods, continuing until 1836, when he gave up the business and took charge of Dr. Rose's business in the selection and sale of wool and shecji, controlling the same for two years. He then went to Philadelphia and was appointed to take charge of the surveys of the Bingham estate, a large tract of wild land in Northern Pennsylvania, with head- quarters at Condersport, Potter Co., Penn., managing the same until the year 1842, when he ren^oved to Davenport, Iowa, his family baring preceded him. at which place he remained until his death. The subject of this sketch received only a common-school education in Pennsylvania, and worked in the woolen-mill with his father up to 1836. He then came "West with his mother and two sisters, locating in Davenport, where his two brothers had set- tled two years previously. He was but 14 years old at that time. His iirst work in Davenport was for the iirm of Davenport & "Watts, clerking in a store, where he remained one year. He then clerked for J. N. Macklot, corner Main and Fnmt streets, and for Lewis A. ifacklot, corner Main and Second streets, for three years, alter which he took charge of a stock of goods for Henr}- A. Taylor. He next went to Camden, 111., and associated hiniselt with A. K. Pliilleo, where they carried on general merchandise for three years. He then went to Rock Island and engaged with L. M. Webber for a year in the dry-goods business, after which he re- turned to Davenport and entered the bank of Cook & Sargent as cashier, remaining until 1853, at which time they started a branch bank in Rtick Island, in which he was admitted as a partner. In 1856 they disposed of this bank to Mitchell it Cable, and he then 892 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. ■went to Florence, JS'eb., -where they opened the "Bank of Flor- ence," and an exchange business in name of Cook, Sargent & Parker, our subject being cashier and general manager of the con- cern. He continued with the bank until 1S60, when they wound up business. He then purchased land and commenced farming, adjoining the town. He was tirst married in 1853, to J. Zerlina "Wing, born in Albany, J<. Y., July 16, 1836, daughter ot D. S. and Saiah (Heath) Wing. Their family consisted of three children — William Frederick, born in Rock Island, 111., Aug. 2, 1854; James Monroe. Jr., born in Florence, Keb., jVov. 20, 1859. and Josephine Talbot, born May 11, 1865, in the same place. Mrs. Parker died April 17. 1869. at his farm residence at Florence, Neb. On returning to Davenport soon after, he was appointed receiver ot the Davenport Savings Institution, and was engaged a year and a half in winding up its business. Dec. 6, 1871. he married his present wife, Mrs. Ella (Wingi Taylor, who was born Ma}' Jl, 1S32, dauariiter of Abraham and Abigail ( BaruMrdi Wing, of Glen Falls, N. Y. Four years ot their married lite were spent u]Jon the farm in Nebraska and in traveling, making a trip to Europe dur- ing the time, and returning to Davenport after the Centennial Exposition, in the fall of 1876, where they now reside. Mr. Parker commenced life for himself when only 1-1 years of age, andhisper^ severance, industry and economy during the early ,years, enabled him Inter in lite to make and enjoy four trips to Europe with his family, and still has the satisfaction of owning several thousand acres of land in Iowa and Nebraska, bes des city property, and en- joying a pleasant liome in Davenport. He was formerly a AVhig, but on the organization of the Pepublican party bacame identified with and still belongs to same. His two sons reside at Florence, and carry on his large faim near Omaha, Neb. ISamuel Parlee?', retired, was born in Middlesex Co., Mass., June 23, ISOO. His father, Levi Parker, was a soldier in the Rev- olutionary war, and a lieutenant under Oen. Washington. His mother, Abigail (Pool) Parker, was a member of the Presbyterian church. They were natives of Massachusetts. Samuel attended school and worked at the blacksmith's trade until he was 18 years old, then followed peddling dry goods and tin ware through the Eastern States, until 1830 or 1831, when he went into the auction business. He kept a store at Troy and Rochester, N. Y., La Porte, Ind., and Aug. 8, 1838, he located in Davenport Township. He bought a claim in this township, which he cultivated about eight years, and also acted as auctioneer of the county; then moved into Davenport, where he followed auctioneering until 1870 or '71, since which time he has lived retired. He has been twice mar- ried, tirst in 1830 to Mrs. Yan Scou, who died in 1860, having been the mother of one child, now deceased. His second marriage occurred Oct. 9, 1862, to Mrs. Yiolette Igelberger. 7iee Kiddler. Mr. Parker was for many years a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge of Davenport. He owns two houses and lots in Davenport, one on CITY OF DAVKNPORT. S93 Fourteenth street, the other on Sixth and Le Claire, where lie re- sides, lie has always been iJentitied with the Democratic party, having east his lirst ballot for old Ilickor}' Jackson. He is now iu his S2d year, and has been a resident of this city since 1838. Geortje W. Parker, retired farmer, was born in Sherbrook, LowL-r Canada, Jan. 5, 1S13, and is the son of an honored sire, Jonathnn. and Xaonii (Tittus) Parker, who were natives of Ver- mont, and both born in the year 1780. Soon after their marriage they moved to Canada, and there resided five years, when they went back to Vermont, and from there moved to Meshoppen, Liizern, Count}', now Wyoming, Penn., where they lived for 15 years, wlien they moved to Silver Lake, Susquehanna Co., Penn., where his father engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods, which he followed \\\> to 183(1, after wliich he took charge of the Bingham est ite and had charge u]) to 184:1!. The subject of this sketch was educated iu the common schools mostly; attended the academy of Wilkes Barre, Penu., nearly two terms. He worked with his father in the woolen-mills up to 15 years of age, after which he worked on a farm and rafting on the river up to 22 \ ears of age, and in June. 183<>, came to Davenport, Iowa, most of which he tooted it, an! hired out on a farm until Aug. 30, 1836. He then followed wood-chopping up to Feb. 1,1837, in the Galena bottoms. In the s]mng of 1837 he hired out to D. C. Eldridge, then Le Claire, after which he took a contract carr^'ing mail for his brother from Davenport to Dubuque, which he continued up to March, 1838, when he again hired out to D. C. Eldridge, and followed working on a farm u]i to February, 1839. He bought a claim for $150. with money lie had saved from time to time, and commenced farming, where he resided up to tlie fall of 1880. He continued to add to liis farm until he owned 320 acres. He was married in 1841 to Hanna Heller, who was born in Ohio in 1822, and raised a family of nine'children, eight of whom are now living, viz.: Caroline S., Geo. T., Clara C, James W., Mary, Ella and Sar.di; one deceased, Linda X. He moved to Davenport in the tall of 1880, and now resides at Xo. 1451 Ainswortl. street. Mr. and Mrs. Parker were among the early settlers of the county, and have lived to see many changes since their first com- ing. In the days of the Whigs Mr. Parker was a Whig, and on the organization of the Republican party he became identified with that party. In 1859 he was elected to "the Legislature, and served in that capacity three successive terms; was one of the justices of the ])eace tor two years, and county commissioner for three years, and a man who has been honored and respected by his fellow countrymen for many years. He now is somewhat re- tired from the busy cares of life, and living 'on what he had accu- mulated in an early day. Uerman Peters, b.'irber and hairdresser, 227 W. 2d street, was born in Holstein, Germany, March 4, 1834, of Luetz and Sophia (Wieburg) Peters. Herman received an education, and learned 894 HISTORY OF scorr county. the barber's trade in liis native country, and in 1S24 emigrated to America. He Ian led in New York City, May 27 of that year, and worked at his tade tliere until June 1, 1855, when he came West and located in Davenporc on the 1st of July. In 1S56 he opened a shop of his own, which he now has fitted up in iirst- class style, and employs three assistants. He was married to Miss Jenette Thoeming, May 15, 1S57. She was born in Schles- wig-Holstein, and was a daughter of William Thoeming, who came to Scott County in 185.3. Mr. and Mrs. Peters have 10 children, seven living — William, Helena, Amelia, Harry, Jenette, Louisa and Emma. William works in the sliop with his father. Mr. Peters is a member of K. P., Damon Lodge No. 10, and Mnenachoir and Schutzen societies. He is one of our represen- tative business men and one of the oldest barbers in Davenport. L. W. Petersen^ dealer in carpets, wall paper, window shad es, oil cloths, etc.. No. 212 W. 2d street, was born in the city of Tou- dern-Schleswig, Germany, Nov. 24 1827, and was a son of A. and Mary Petersen, nee Horluck. He attended the public school and college until he was 16 years old, then learned the merchant's trade. In 1S4S he joined the Holstein army, and served three years. In 1853, he came to the United States and went to Chi- cago, 111., where he clerked in a wholesale house until November, 1855, when lie came to Davenport and established his present business. He was married to Miss Annette Hoepfner. July 24, 1858. She was boru in the city of Kiel, Germany. To them have been born four children, Ella, Harold P., Lavinius W., and Hertha. In politics he is a Republican. John H. C. Petersen, of the firm of J. H. C. Petersen & Sons, whelesale and retail dealers in dry goods, 217, 217^, 219 and 221 West Second street, established this business in 1871, as a retail store, and soon after engaged in the wholesale trade. They carry a full line of imported and domestic goods, and occupy a building 73.K150 feet, using three ground floors for their retail goods, the second and third floors for the wholesale ; also occupy a duplicate wholesale department, 42 x 150 feet, three stories high and con- taining 29,300 square feet of floor-room. They are the leading dry goods merchants of Davenport, and have a branch house at Geaeseo, 111., and one at Clinton, la. Tiieir motto is, "One price and that the lowest. " The subject of this sketch was born in Schleswig, Germany, April 8, 1821, and was a son ot John and Christianna ( Sternhagen ) Petersen. John, Jr., attended school until lie was 16, then served a five-years apprenticeship in the dry- goods trade; afterward clerked eight years, then went into busi- ness for himself. In 1860 he came with his family to America, and located in Scott County. He farmed in Hickory Grove Township. In 1864 he went into the general merchandising busi- ness with a partner and continued until 1871, when he established his present business with his sons. He married Elizabeth Hansen, April 13, 1847. They have had 10 children, six living— Max D., [ \ CITY OF DAVENPORT. 897 William D. ami Henry F. (members of the firm ) Frederics, Agnes and Marw Jritz Postel, wholesale and retail dealer in domestic and im- ported wines, 427'. Second street, Davenport, was born in iiurg, in Suder-Dithmarchen, Uolstein, Germany, May 4, 1848. He was a son of Andrew and Eliza ( Ilusmann ) Postel, natives of Holstein, Germany. lie was a collector and police mivgistrate. lie and wite are still livin<>; in Keil. Holstein, Germany, are members of the Lutheran cliurch, and had a family of 10 children, seven living. Fritz Wiis emplo3'ed as overseer of a large estate until 20 years ot age, then served one year as volunteer in the German army. Then returned to his position as overseer until the German-France war came, when he enlisted as a soldier in this war and remained in it to its close. The spring of 1S72, he came to the United States, landed at New York City, and soon after came to Davenport, and followed farming six years; then opened his wholesale and retail liquor store, at 427 West Second street, where he carries a full line of domestic and imported wines. He was married to Miss Eliza Looft, December, 1879. She was born in Holstein, Germany, and was a daugliter of Peter and Margarelta ( Ilaak ) Looft natives of Holstein. Mr. Fritz Postel is a member of Druids, Davenport Lodge. No. 4. Rudolph Priestei\ wholesale manufacturer of tobacco and cigars, 403 W. Second St., became sole proprietor of this establishment in 1877; for two years prior to that time the business had been con- ducted by Rammelsberg arty. William Remricl; one of Davenport's most prominent business men, was born in Liverpool, England, June 24, 1829, and is the son of James Renwiek aiid Elizabeth, nee Lockerbie, both natives of Scotland and descendants of the old Covenanters. AVilliam received his early education in England, and later, after the re- moval of his father's family to Iowa, in 184(), he attended the Iowa College. In 1850 he engaged in the grain and commission business with his father under the firm name of Renwiek & Son. In 1852, in connection with their other business, the firm began dealing in and manufacturing lumber, and in 1855, selling their interest in other business, they devoted their time and cajiital ex- clusively to the lumber trade. His father returning in lS59, he conducted the business on his own account until 1875, when the firm of Renwiek, Shaw & Crassett was formed. Mr. Renwiek has been ver}^ successful in his business, and nmch of his success may be attributed to his perseverance and energy, even under adverse circumstances. In religious views lie is a Presbyterian, and has been trustee of that church a number of years. He was president of the Board of Trade thrtc ye irs, and is an owner in and director of the Davenport City Street Railway Co He was the first agent of the American, also of the United States Express Companies in Davenjwrt. He is a member of the Scott Co. Ag- ricultural Society, in which he is much interested, having been a member for 22 years. Mr. Renwiek has travek-d extensively over the continent of Europe, and being an observing man has 900 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. gained a large fund of valuable information. He possesses much taste for tlie'iine arts, and has recently added some hne paintings from the masters to his tine collection. He was married on the 21st of March, 185.5, to Miss Cynthia Seymour, of Davenport, Iowa. Personally, Mr. lienwick has rare qualities, and by his upright course of life has made for himself an honorable reputa- tion. None excel him in unseltisli devotion and unswerving fidelity to the worthy recipients of his confidence. James Renwick is a native of Scotland, and was born April G, 1805. In 1826 he was united in marriage with Elizabeth Newell Lockerbie, who was born in Scotland in 1802. Two decades of their married life they spent in the old country, when the desire to better their fortunes and ]3rovide for their children took pos- session of their minds, and accordingly, in 1816, they came to America and located in Davenport. Here Mr. Eenwack at once engaged in the business of planing and sawing lumber, which business he followed for 27 years, when he retired in favor of his sou. Mr. and Mrs. Kenwiek are the parents of four children — William, Elizabeth, Margaret and Eebecca. In politics Mr. Een- wick is a Republican. Adelhert Riepe, druggist. No. 403 West 2d street, was born in Baltimore, Md., Oct. 11, 1855, and is a son of William and Louisa (Possner) Riepe. The former was born in Westphalia, Prussia, Nov. 16, 1816 ; the latter in Saxoria, March 14, 1832. The}' are now i-esidents of Davenport. Adelbert came with his parents to this city in 1858, and received an education liere. He lias been in the drug business since October, 1878. He has a steadily increasing trade. Traiigott Richier cB Co., 323 and 325 W. Second St., wholesale and retail furriers and jobbers in hats, caps, gloves and straw goods, is the only firm in this branch of business in the city. Tlie busi- ness was established by Mr. Pichter in 1867, and July 1, 1881, Mr. George Franck was taken into partnership. They occupy two buildings, one being 150 x 55 feet, two stories in height, and a basement; the other, 150 x 25 feet, three stories in height, and a basement. They carry a complete stock of imported and domestic goods, and make a specialty of ladies' and gents' furs ; employ three traveling salesmen and sell goods in eight different States. They do an immense business, and are classed with the most prominent and substantial business men of the State. Trangott Eichter was born in Prussia. Germany, INtaj' 9, 1844, aud was a son of Henry and Caroline (Wolf) Eichter, natives of Prussia. Ti'angott learned the furrier's trade in his native country and came to the United States when he was 20 years of age. He worked at his trade in New York six months, then obtained employment in a carriage shop at Dixon, 111. After earning about $75 he went to Chicago and invested in furs, and established a store in Geneseo, 111. He remained there tliree years and made 84,000. He came to Davenport and purchased Julius Koch's stock of furs, etc., and CITY OF DAVENPORT. 901 soon after jnircliased his present store. He was married Jan. 26, 1879, to Miss Minnie Brandt, of Davenport. Tliey have two children — Eddie and Walter. Mr. Ricliter is a member of the K. P., German Lodge, No. 10, of the Ilarmonia Society and the Sclintzen Society. George Francl- was born in Frankford, (Termany, Oct. 4, lS14r, and is ii son of Henry and Mary Franck, natives of Germany. Mr. George Franck learned the furrier's trade in the old country, and came to the United States when 21 years old. lie worked at his trade two years, and traveled tor a New York house 12 years; then came to Davenport and formed his present jiartnership with Mr. Richter. He married jNIiss Tillie Sonne in ISGS, a native of Staten Island. They have had six children — Charles, Louisa, William, Anna and George. Gustafdiedin ISTn. Mr. Franck is a member of the Entliomologieal and Beethoven Societies ot New York, and the Ilarmonia Society of Davenport. U. N. lioherfs, deceased, was born in Ruabon, Wales, Oct. 30, 18-41. He came to the United States with his parents in 1849, and settled in Neenah, Wis. His father died in 1S.59, and he and his mother struggled hard to provide for the family. Tlie subject of this record had an innate love for books and study, and being de- prived of tiiose superior advantages so dear to a student, he applied himself diligently to develop a naturally- fine mind and a superior intellectual ai)ility. In this way he acquired much solid informa- tion, which was of much value to him in after years. He became a resident of Davenport, March 4, 1866, and engaged in the sash and door manufactory, in Forrest Block, on Perry St., with a capital of $672. He was very successful. In 1869 he lost every, thing in a fire, but began anew and again amassed a fortune. He was a liberal supporter of the clunvh and all benevolent institu- tions. He was very active in the Y. M.C. A., and was its president at the time of his death. He was a truly gond man and public- spirited citizen. He was married in South Bend, Ind., on June 17, 1868, to Julia Roraback, a native of Hudson. N. Y., born in 1836. They had two children — Edward C, and Horace G. Mrs. Roberts is a sister of U. N. Roraback. of the firm of U. N. Roberts & Co. Thomas Rohlnson, retired farmer, 821 East Fourteenth street, Davenport, was born on a farm, where Martinsljurg, Pa., now is. March 16, 1806. His pai'ents, Thomas and Jane \ Ackersou ) Rob- inson, died, leaving him an orphan at 12 years of age, to make his own way in the world. AVhen he was 17 years old he learned the stone-mason's trade, and followed that until April 5, 1844, when he came to Scott County and bought a farm in Davenport Town- ship, on Jersey Ridge. He was one of the first three men who broke prairie on that ridge. In April, 1877, he sold his farm and moved into Davenport, where he bought a nice residence on East Fourteenth street. He was married Aug. 15, 1839, to Miss Sarah B. J. Blake, of Bedford Co., Penn. Their union has been blessed 902 raSTOKT OF SCOTT COUNTY. with 12 children, 9 living— Thomas M., George W.. Samnel B. , Mary E., "Wilson P., Ella, M. B., Charley D. and Minnie. Mr. Robinson is a member of I. O. O. F., Davenport Lodge, No. 7. He. was educated in the Democratic school of politics, and has always adhered to that party. lie cast his first ballot for Old Hickory Jackson. Ferdinand Roddewig, importer and jobberin wines and liquors, 413 and 415 Harrison street, was born in Westphalia, Prussia, Germany, June 26, 1828. He was a son of Frederick and Charlotte Boddewig, natives of Germany, who was clerk of the court in the city of Biedefield, Prussia, Germany. He was a member of the Lutheran church, and she of the Catholic church. They had eight children, five living. Ferdinand lived with his father, attending High School until he was 15 years of age. Then clerked in a whole- sale linen store until 20 years of age, when he came alone to America; was 64 days cotning from Bremen; landed at New Orleans, November, 1848. He worked here 18 months, and learned the cigar trade. Then went to St. Louis, Mo., and worked until January, 1851, when he opened a cigar manufactory, and in 1853, he returned to Germany, and visited his parents. Some months after he went to Sheboygan, Wis., and married Miss Metta H. Koehler, Nov. 26, 1853. She was born in Biedfeld, German}', and was a daughter of Ferdinand and Ernestena Koehler, natives of Germany. After his marriage Mr. Roddewig went to St. Louis and ran his cigar factory until 1855, when he came to Davenport, Iowa, and opened a grocery and liquor store, where he now is, at 413 and 415 Harrison street; and in 1869 he opened his whole- sale liquor store, his present business, where he carries a full line of the finest native and imported wines and liquors, and is the oldest wholesale liquor man in the city. He and wife had four children, viz.: Lena, Paul, Peter E. and Ferdinand, Jr. Mrs. lloddeu-ig died Sept. 2, 1875, and was buried in Davenport. Mr. Roddewig is a member of the Turner Society, Harmonia Society', and of the Shooters' Association; in politics, Independent, and is one of the representative men of Davenport, having been here since 1855. M. J. SoJdfs, Treasurer of Scott County, was elected to this position in the fall of 1873, and entered upon the duties of his ofiice Jan. 1, 1874, and has been elected four times continuously. He is of German nativity, born in 1816, and was educated in the Gnn- noznim and a seminary of his native country. He emigrated to the United States in 1847, and came directly to Davenport, and has been a resident of Scott County over one-third of a century. On his arrival here heat once engaged in agricultural pursuits which he continued with some interruptions until he was elected to his pres- ent office. He has been identified with the Republican party since its organization and cast his first vote for John C. Fremont. He was elected as representative from Scott County to the Iowa General Assembly, and has held the ofiice eight years successively. Upon retiring from that position he was immediately elected to his present CITY OF DAVENPORT. 903 office. Mr. Rohlts was married in Germany in 1840 to Miss Eliza Rode; tliey are tiie parents of live children, all residing in Iowa. His son, Rudolph Rohlts, is his depntv in the treasurer's office. Mr. Rohlls is a member of the Davenport Turner Society, and is vice-president of the Turner's District Society, composed of the societies of that order in Iowa. lie is an Odd Fellow and a mem- ber of Davenport Lodge, No. 37. During his connection with the Legislature he served with many of the men who have since helped to shai)e the political history of Iowa. He was one of the pioneer Germans who settled in Scott County and helped to lay the foun- dation for the lartre German settlement made here since. Isaac liotJischild, the leading clothier and merchant tailor of Davenport, located at Nos. 10"J and 104 Bi-ady street, was born in Mordstetten, Wittenberg. Genmuiy, Dec. 6, 1844, of Moses E. and Augusta ^^Ettlinger) Rothschild, natives of Germany. Isaac Rothschild learned the tailor's trade in his native country, and came to America when IS years old. He landed in New York, and from there came to Davenport, arriving May 22, 1863, with 50 cents in his pocket, as a nest-egg for a fortune. He worked for his board for the first three months, but made $50 extra by putting strips on othcers' suits for the soldiers. After tiie expiration of the three months his employer ottered him S:i5 a month, which he ac- cepted and remained with him four years. Then went to Terre Haute, Ind., and controlled L. Rothschild's store for him during a nine months' visit in Europe. He returned to Davenport and clerked for his brother, E. Rothschild, one year, then went into Eartnership with him, under the ti<'in name of E. Rothschild & iro. In 1S7S he purchased his brother's share and now conducts the business alone. He occupies a double store fronting on Bi-ady and Second streets, and has what few stores, in much larger cities than Davenport, do not possess, and that is an exact duplicate on tlie upper floors of his stock on the first floor. He keeps first-class cutters, and goods from almost every country in the world. He gives employment to 40 men. He has just contracted for an enlarge- ment of his already mammoth establishment. In a word, ^Ir Rothschild is one of Davenport's most enterprising business men. Commencing in limited circumstances, he has by honest dealing and close application to work placed himself at the head as a clothier and merchant tailor. He was married Feb. 5, 1871, to Rosa Auerbach, daughter of Abraham and Panlen Anerbach, and a niece of the poet, I'erthuld Von Auerbach, of Germany. Their union has been blessed with live children — Jemiie, Ida, Hannie, Fannie and Maudie. Mr. Rothschild is a Mason and a member of Trinity Lodge, No. 208, from Blue Lodge to the Davenport Capital Lodge, No. 16. He is a member of Davenport I. O. O. F., Lodge No. 7, and of the State, No. 3, Encampment; of State Lodge No. 3, A. O. U. W; of the Mutual Brotherhood of Iowa; of the V. A. S. L. of H.; of the I. O. B. B.; the Davenport Boat Club; the Academy of Science; and the .American Legion of Honor, Davenport Council, No. 718. 90i HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Balthasa Eiich, brickmaker, was born in Pittsburg, Pa., July 24, 1828. He was a son of Jost and Elizabeth Rucb, nee Gilniore, the former a nativu of Switzerland,' the latter of Georgetown, Ta. They were the parents of 11 cliildren. The subject of this sketch attended school in Pittsburg until 1S4S, when he engaged in boat- ing coal on the Ohio Iliver. In 1849 he went to Cincinnati, O., and worked in a brick-yard there one year. In 1850 went overland to California, where he mined ibur years. In 1854 he came to Dav- enjiort, remained a short time, then returned to liis home in Pitts- burg and was there married to Amanda J. AV^eaver, Oct. 2 J, 1854. Slie was born in that city and was a daughter of Adam and Han- nah (Fouer) Weaver. Mr. and Mrs. liuch went to Pock Island in 1855, and soon after came to Davenport, wiiere they have since re- sided. He was engaged in the pork-packing and brick-making business until 1877, since then has manufactured brick exclusively'. Mrs. Amanda Ruch died Oct. 28, 1858, having been the mother of three children, all deceased. Mr. Ruch married fur his second wife India J. Johnson, March 12, 1860; her parents were James R. and Rebecca Johnson, natives of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Ruch have one child. Lizzie Ruch. Mr. Ruch owns a nice residence at 130 West Twelfch street; he manufactures 1,000,000 bricks annually. Chas H. RuepJce, of the firm of Ruepke, Schmidt & Co., man- ufacturers of all kinds of crackers and biscuits, northwest corner 4tli and Iowa, established ibis branch of business July 1, 1874, as Ruepke ct Schwai-ting. Nine monrhs later Mr. Hugo Schmidt was taken in as a partner; he was killed July 23, 1878, by tlie ele- vator falling on him. In April, 1876, Mr. Jacob Wirtz became a partner. The factory has midergone a complete change since its organization and now has the finest and latest impro\ed machinery. They have the Ruger's patent mi.xei-, brakes and cutting machines, and Hall's patent revolving oven. They have two ovens and two sets of machinery. The double run was put u]) in 1880 by Roth & McMahon, owing to their being unable to fill their orders. They consume 90 barrels of flour per day. The building is 42 by 150 feet deep, two stories in height and a basement. Each floor is con- nected by a steam elevator. They have a 15 horse-power engine, andgi\eem})loynient to35 men. They ship goods to seven different States, manufacture 50 varieties of crackers and biscuits and have liad an unprecedented success in their butter wafers. The factory is the largest one of the kind in the State, and their trade is enor- mous. Chas. H. Ruepke was born in Hanover, Prussia, Germany, Jan. 9, 1842, and was a son of Christian and Julia (Langkop) Ruepke. In 184G Charles came with his parents to America, landed in New Orleins, and si.v niotiths later moved io St. Louis, Mo. Charles attended school and clerked in a clothing store there until his 19th year when the family came to Davenport, arriving here in the spring of 1864. Charles clerked in a grocery store here un- til 1867, when he established a store of his own. He continued in the grocei'y business until 1874, when he embarked in his present CITY OF DAVENPORT. 905 business. lie was married July 9, 18C5, to Florentine Witle, of MecklenV)Urtr,Gernian3-. They have four children — Edmund. Arthur, Alvin and Otille. Mr. Kuepke is a Mason and a member of Fra- ternal Lodge, A. F. i A. M.,No. 221: of the K. T., St. Simon of Cyrine, No. 9; of the Turner's Society, and the Davenport Schuetzen Society. Ignatz Sauer, retired, was born in Bavaria, Germany, Nov. 6, 1828, and was a son of Joiin H. and Bosalia Sauer, nee Maidhof. Ignatz was educated and learned the blacksmith's trade in Germany and in 1853 he emiirrated to tiie United States, lie spent tiiree months in Buffalo. N. Y., then came to Davenport. He worked in the Davenport and Le Claire foundry two years: in the Daven- ))ort Plow Works ten years; in the Buford's Plow Works, at Rock Island, three years: then opened a shop of his own, which he operated until 1873, when he retired from business, having secured a comfortable competency, content to give room for others. He was married May 14, 1S.55, to Theresa Proestler, a native of Ba- varia, Germany. Their union has been blessed with four children — Alloys, Joseph, Peterand Theresa. James Henri/ Schmeder, of the firm of Schroeder & Brandt, grocers, 1401 West Third street, was born Dec. 22, 1831, and is a Son of Henry and Margaret ( Schultzj Schroeder, he died in Ilolstein in 1S72, she in 18S0. The subject of this sketch came to this country in April, 18.57, and located in Davenport. He worked at various branches of business here two years, then obtained a clerk- ship in a general store at Le Claire, which he retained three years, then returned to Davenport. He clerked for Biederbecke& Miller, grocers, until 1868, when he established his present partnership with Mr. Brandt under the firm name of Schroeder & Brandt. They do a good business. Mr. Schroeder was married in the fall of 1862, in Le Claire, to Elizabeth Schwein, a native of Bavaria. Ger- many. Ij}- this union there has been eight children, six living — Henry, Jennie, Hugo, Laura, John and Emilie. Mr. Schroeder is a member of the Lutheran church. Lorenzo Schricker, of the firm of Schricker & Mueller, owners of the planing-mill, was born on the 25th of November, 1825, in Ger- many, and was a son of Christian and Eva Schricker, natives of Ger- juany. He was educated in the Polytechnic School of Nnreml)urg, and served a four years' apprenticeship in the dry-goods business at that place. Subsequently was engaged as book keeper for a Hail- road Co. at $12 a month, and wiien he was only 19 years old he took a contract to build a railroad. In the spring of 184S he emi- grated to America, and engaged in the confectionery Inisiness in Cincinnati, until the fall of that year, then went to St. Louis, where he purchased a stock of dry goods, and remained there in that busi- ness until 1849, when he went back to German}' for his mother, leaving liis father in charge of his store. In the fall of 1850 he came to Davenport, where he engaged in the mercantile business until 1856, when he engaged in the private banking business, and 906 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. was agent for steamers between the United States and Europe. In 1858 he was elected city treasurer, being one of the first Republi- cans elected to office in the county. He served in that capacity two years, refusing a re-election, and meantime carrying on his other business. In 1863 he bought the saw-mill property with L. C. Dessaint and continued with him five years, then bought him out and took Mr. Christian Mueller into partnership with him. In 1871 Mr. Schricker helped organize the Mississippi Logging Co.^ and was the first president of that company, but with his mill busi- ness this was more than he could attend to; accordingly he resigned after serving two years. He has held the office of vice-president of the State Bank of Iowa, Merchants' branch, which was afterward changed into the Davenport National Bank, of which he is at pres- ent director. lie is vice-president of the First ]Sational Bank of this city, and is a director of tlie First National Bank of Chip- pewa, "Wis. He is the father of five children — William, Latins, Richard, Selma and Ottilie. John B. Schmidt was born in the Kingdom of Wurtemberg. Germany, Jan. 6, 18.34, and obtained an education in the common schools there. In ISSi he emigrated to this country' and located in Newark, N. J., where he remained until 1S55, when he came to Davenport, stayed six months, then returned to Newark. In 185", he came again to Davenport, and has resided here since. He worked at the butcher's trade for J. Bruhm and A. P. tfe D. Kelly for six years, then establislied a siiop of his own. He now owns the build- ing which he occupies, situated at 220 East Third street. Has a prospei'ous aiuJ steadily increasing trade. He supplies the Kimball, Acklc}' and Howard Houses and Schmidt's Hotel with all their fresh meat, and has the latest improved refrigerator for keeping meat in warm weather. He was married in 1863 to Amala Back. They have tiiree children — Mina, Emma and John. Mr. Schmidt is a member of I. O. O. F. and A. O. U. W. Lodges, of the Fire Carapany and the Butchers' Societv. Joh7i H. Schuett^ grocer, 332 West Second street, was born in Schleswig-IIolstein, Germany, March 10, 18-lrO. His parents were Detlif and Louisa Schuett, «(=e Zimmerman. John attended school until he was 16 years old, then learned the grocery, crockery and hardware trade in Echenfarde, Holstein, where he remained four years, then clerked in the city of Ilaide three years. He spent eight years in Kiel, as bookkeeper, then came to the United States, and located in Davenport, la. He clerked for diffei-ent parties some time, then purchased the grocery, crockery and glass- ware stock of Jake Malchan, and is still engaged in that business, at the above number. He carries a full and complete line of goods, and has a thriving trade. He is a member of the Turner Society, and in politics is a Republican. Henry Sc}mitgei\ lessee of the Davenport Cit\' Railway, was born in Mineral Point, Wis., July 10, 1851, and is a son of Gustavus Schnitger, who was born in Prussia and emigrated to tlie United CITY OF DAVENPORT. 907 States in 1850. He went to Mineral Point, Wis., and engaged in farming there nntil 1854, when ho moved to Scott County, and farmed in Davenport Township until the breaking out of the war. lie enlisted as second lientenaut of Company E, 2(i Iowa Cavalry. He re-enlisted in 1861-. as veteran, and was mustered out as first major of the regiment lie was the first man on Ishmd No. 10 when it was taken. Two years after Ins return to Davenport he was elected sheriff of Scott County, and served two terms in suc- cession. In the spring of 1878 he was ap})ointed United States marshal of W\-oming Territory, and still holds that office, his youngest son being deptity United States marshal of that Terri- tory. The subject of this memoir received an education in the conmion schools and business college of Davenport, lli^ was ap- pointed superintendent of the n ad he is now lessee of, in 1870, and March 1 of the following year he leased the road for a term of 10 years. During the time his father held the office of sheriff, Henry acted as his dcfaUy. Herman Schiceizer, Sr., grocer, corner of Fourth and Iowa streets, was born in Wurtemberg, Crtrmanj', Feb. '20,1816. He learned the tinner's trade, and was married there t<> Clara Ivuhrler, Jan. 20, 1852. She was born in Darmstadt, Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Scliweizer came to America in 1852, landing in New York on March 25 of that year. They remained in New York nearly a year, then moved to Alton. Ill, where he opened a stove and tin store. In 18fi5 they removed to Davenport, la. He conducted a hotel here eight years, also a restaurant and ice cream saloon. In 1871 he embarked in the grocery business, and has continued in it since. He carries a full and complete stock of goods, and has a growing trade. Mi-, and Mrs. Schweizer have iiad three children — Herman Jr., who was born in Alton, 111., March 0, 1856. He clerked in grocery stores until August, 1878, when he went into that branch of business for himself at his present number, 322 East Second street, where he carries a full line of groceries and staple goods. He was married to Louisa Blum Aug. 28, 1879. She was born in DavcMi]K)rt, of Tiudolph and Christ'na (^Weinburg) Blum, natives of Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Herman Schweizer, Jr., had one child. Archibald, who died Sept. 7, 1881. Mr. Schweizer is a member of the Iowa L. of II., the American L. of H., V. A. S. Fraternity, of Turners' Association, the Grocers' Protec- tive Assof-iation. and the IJrotherhood of Iowa. Caroline Schweizer married Otto Helbig. ai:d Kagina married Fred W. Lerch. Alcrander Scoi(l.lci\i'orem;\\\ of the oat-meal mills, Davenport, was born ill County Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 10th day of Ai)ril, 18-13, son of John and Margaret Osborne Sconller, natives of Scotland. His father was by trade a miller, and Alex was reared in the busi- ness. In 1872 he left his n:itive country and came to the U. S. and located at Cedar Rapids, Iowa., where he was employed by Stewart ^ Douglass in the uat-iiieal mills of that city for nearly four years, and while engaged there invented a patent for cutting oat meal, 908 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COUNTY. patented, Oct. 28, 1ST9, now being used in the Diamond Mills, of Davenport, the company having exclusive right for eiglit years of the patent. In -May, 18(31, the mill was burned out and Mr. Scoul- ler drew the plans and put in the machinery, in many cases de- vising many improvements. April 17, 1874, married Mary Orr. She was born in Canada. The fruit of this marriage is two chil- dren — -Maggie B. and Annie O. Mr. and Mrs. S. are members of the Presbyterian church, of Davenport. Avffust Sebelien, proprietor of the Iowa State Steam and Dye Cleansing Works and Repairing Establishment, 223 Perry street, was born in Schleswig Ilolstein, Germany, Dec. 13, 1S34, and was a son of Henry and Doraetta Sebelien, ?(e<; Peterson. August was educated and learned the dyer's trade in his native countr}-, and in 1865 he came to America. He located in Davenport, where he worked in the Davenport Woolen Mills seven years ; then estab- lished his present business. He was married to Miss Aretta Widerspecher, Jan 2, 1869. She was born at Suhl, Germany. They have had three children — Albert, August, Jr., and Hugo. Mr."^ Sebelien is a member of I. O. O. F., Scott Lodge, No. 37; State Encampment, No. 3; A. O. U. W., Germania Lodge, No. 5; K. P., Davenport Lodge, No. 50; and of the Iowa Brotherhood. Rev. William O. Shand was born June 3, 1810. at Dundee, Scotland. He was the youngest son of Thomas and Mary Ann ( Ayres ) Shand. His father was a native of Dundee, Scotland, and his mother of London, England. His parents resided in Scotland, and were members of the grand old historical Covenanter church. William G. and his older brotiier, Alexander, were both intended by their parents for the ministry, a position regarded as one of the highest honors by Christains of simple and earnest faith. They both graduated from the University ot St. Andrews, one of the most renowned of Scotland's educational institutions, and the scene of many stirring events during the reformation under Knox. William then attended for three years the divinity school sustained by the Association Synod, and presided over by the eminent divines, Drs. Balme and Duncan, who testified to the lidelity and success attend- ing him in his studies. In the tall of 1836 he emigrated to Amer- ica, and located in Pittsburg, Penn., where he spent much time in teaching and in private study. This, indeed, was the pleasure of his life. Not being gifted in conversation, his mind loved to hold converse with those whose tlioughts have been the beacon light of the age. In 1851 he attetided the Western Theological Seminary, and on the 20th of October, 1852, was licensed by the Presbytery of Blairsville, Penn., to preach the gospel. He then visited the West and labored for two years, and then returned to Pennsylvania, where he received call to a chui'ch within the bounds of Blairsville Presbytery, and was installed, and labored until busi- ness of importance again called him West to Davenport, where he labored for many j-ears in the cause of his Master. He was married Oct. 26, 1865, to Margarett McKee, who was born in Ire- CITY OF DAVENPORT. 909 land, in 1831. After their marriage in Pittsburg, Penn., they made a visit to Scotland, England, and Ireland, returning to Dav- enport in 1866. He died in April, 1S6S. Though not gifted with brilliant powers of orator^', Mr. Shand had few equals in solid literary and tliGological attainments. For several years previous to his death he suftered from bronchial ditiiculty so as to be unable to preach. His last illness was not long, but afforded him sufficient time to settle all his affairs and meet death with a calm resignation to God's will, and unshaken faith in the Lord Jesus. Llenezer Sherman, son of Ebenezer and Mary ( Storm) Sherman natives of New York, was born in Duchess Co., N.Y.,but was reared in Orange Co., N. Y., where his parents moved after his birth, and where his father died in his S4th year, and his mother in her 82d. At 17, young Ebenezer borrowed 8400 of his mother, and made a partial jiayment on a farm of ItiO acres, which he purchased for $22 per acre. In due time he ])aid for his farm, re-paid the bor- rowed money, and on this farm spent 29 years, accumulating in that time a fortune of §80,000. He then sold out and came to Dav- enport, and entered 12,000 aeres'of land in Northern Iowa, besides, iiis purchases in Scott County. Soon after coming here lie engaged in banking, bnt abandoned it after a trial of si.x montlis. Mr. Sherman married Charlotte Thompson, in Orange Co., N. Y., by whom he had two children — Mary, now Mrs. Trotter; Helen I., now Mrs. Charles Frost. The marriage tie was dissolved, and Mr. Sherman, in 1877, united in marriage with Lucinda Nichols, a native of Wisconsin, born in 1852. They now reside in the city of Davenport. Adam Sieverf, grain dealer, 816 W. 6th St., was born May 24, 1819, in the Dukedom of Ilei'tzog, Germany. His father and mother both died in Germany, leaving him an orphan at the age of nine years. In 1853 he emigrated to the United States, and went to Pittsburg, Pa., where he remained about two months, then came to Davenport, arriving Ajiril 17, 1853. He worked as a laborer for 10 years, then began buying grain for other ]iarties, and is still engaged in that business. He was married in his native country in March, 1842, to Minnie Law. Her parents came to Davenport in 1848; her father died here in 1873, mother in 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Sievert have had nine children, two of wiioin are living — Henry W. ai\d Minnie, now the wife of Win. Bolte, of Davenport. Henri/ Sievert was born in Davenport, March 24, 1S56. He learned the butcher's trade here, and worked for different parties until 1881, when he established a shop of his own at the corner of 6th and Marquette Sts. He engaged in the same business in St. Jo, Mo., two years before locating permanently in Daveni)ort. Smith ib Stearns Paint Company, manufacturers of i'eady-mixed railroad and paste paints, primers, colors in oil and japan, and also makers of dry colors, chemically pure chrome yellow, chrome greens, new im])lement red, the great substitute for English and American 910 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. vermilion, readj-mixed paints for immediate application in house, barn, bridge, and car painting. The above firm make quality their motto in manufacturing all of the above-named goods, believing thai while it is more difRcult to promote the sale of goods that seem high to the consumer at first, that their policy will eventually win — always give the consumer the purest goods at the smallest possible margin. They make a specialty of goods for the use of manufacturers and agricultural implements. Mr. William C. Smith, the secretary and treasurer of the company, manages the firm's business here, while Mr. William P. Stearns, president, manages the business of the company in Monroe, Wis. They liave removed from the old factory on Perry street to the com- modious Smith building at 124 and 126 Front street, where they liave a large, roomy building, well adapted for their business. Tbey have fitted the building up with the latest improved machinery, and this factory is in point of convenience and manufacturing facilities second to none in this country. Tlie new factory contains tliree stories and a large, roomy basement, steam elevator, and all the machinerj' so placed that from the time the paint is placed in tlie mixing tubs on the upper floor until it is put up in cans and barrels on the first floor, it is manipulated entirely by machinery, thus saving a large amount of labor, and making the mixing and grinding more complete, a feature possessed by only one or two firms in this country. This factory is one of the leading features of Davenport, and the citizens may well feel proud to have suclian enterprise in their midst. Tliese gentlemen are shijiping large quantities of goods to Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas and JMebraska, and some points in Missouri. It is their desire, if they ai-e properly protected by the railroad managers, to make this the great paint manufactory of the West and Southwest. In addition to tlie paint factory at Davenp )rt they own the wholesale house of Stearns & Smith at Monroe, Wis., which is a great distributing point for Northern and Southern Wisconsin. Mr. Smith was born in St. Louis, Mo., where he attended school until 17 years of age, when he removed to Chicago, and began his career in the manu- facturing of paint. He was tor some years the general salesman of the Alston Manufacturing Co., of Chicago, where he remained until he removed to Davenport. His parents were Charles Smith, one of the pioneers of St. Louis, and a native of Virginia. His wife, Mary Castello Smith, a daughter of M. J. Castello, one of the first settlers of St. Louis. Mr. Stearns was born in Woodstock, Vermont, where he attended scliool until 186S, when he removed to Chicago, and he and Mr. Smith met for the first time, and soon after joined their fortunes (which were small), and the names of S. & S. have been linked in partnership ever since. In addition to their large manufacturing interest they are also jobbers of oils, brushes, varnishes, colors, glues, sand-paper, and in fact everything usually found in a first-class paint store. They are both enter- prising, representative men. CITY OF DAVKNTORT. 911 Ho)u N. J. li I/. ■schwas born in Soutlicrn Ditliinarsclien, Hol- stein, Gennany, and eniiynited to America in 1S4'.>, croing directly to Scott County. He married, two years at'ter an-iving in Daven- port, Mrs. C:itlieriiie Kaack, widow of Hans Kaaeiv, wiio resided on a farm in Slieridan Township. Mr. liuscli moved to this farm, which he made liis home until his death. lie was elected State senator in 185S, and lieutenant-governor of Iowa in 1860. When the war broke out, he was appointed assistant (juartermaster, with the rank of captain, witii headquarters at Vicksljurg, where he died, Sept. 2-2, Ibdi, of i'evar. lie had tluee children — Emily E. D. (^now Mrs. J. 0. Eineiss), (lustav C. and Minnie. Mrs. Kusch, now 75 years of age, lives with her daughter, Mrs. Emeisp, in DavenportCity. Col. John Quincy Whuj, a member of the Scott County bar, was born on the 22d day of September, 1838, in Washington Co., N. Y. He commenced his literary education at the Cambridge Academy, and after graduating from it, entered the Fc rt Eo'ward Collegiate Institute. He then entered the literary course of the Poultney (Vt.) College, and graduated with honors. In the sprino- of 18t)5 he raised a regiment and would have been its colonel, but the war closed before the regiment was organized. He then com- menced the study of Uw, and was admitted to the bar in ISCG ; he did not, however, enter upon the practice of his profession at once. In 1807 he came to .\nrora, 111., and became one of the editors of the Aurora Ecening IlernUl. In 1871 he became associated with the well-known firm of Rea & Mitchell, Chicago, III., and to better fit himself for the active practice of his profession, he ebtered a two- years' course in the University of Michigan, from which institution he received the degree of LL. B. He was burned out in the Chi- cago fire, andthetirm dissolved, and Mr. Wing came to Monticello, la., where he practiced his profession with marked success till the fall of 1.^70, when he opened an office in the city of Davenport. When the Iowa National (Tuard was organized, Mr. Wing organ- ized Co. D, of the 9th Regiment, and was commissioned its cap- tain. Just before his removal to Davenport, he was elected colonel of the 9tli Regiment, over Lieut. -Col. Lyman Hanks, by a majority of si.x, both parties claiming the election. The matter was tinally com[romised by Col. Banks, taking the commission of colonel of the regiment, and Col. Wing was. on the 23d day of June, 1880, commissioned lientenant-culonel on the staff of the commander- in-chief, which position he still holds. He is a member of the Davenport Academy of Sciences, and is as devoted to geological and kindred studies as his law business and literarv efforts will permit. Though always ready to serve his party in its campaigns, he is not a seeker after political honors — he is a Republican in politics. He married Miss Lula A. Finke, of Savanna, 111., on the 22d day of September, 1873. They have one child — Florence A., born on the2f»thof October, 1876. 912 HISTORY OK scorr county. Uaher M. KeJsey was born in Pittsburg, Pa., in the year \S?A, son of Wm. J. and Isabell (Burns) Kelsey, natives of Ireland, wliere they were married, and inimediitely started for the United States and located in Pennsylvania, where five children were born, viz.: James, John, Heury, Mary, Hairiet. In 184.3 he emigrated to Iowa, and settled in Le Claire Township. He traveled on fo"t to Dubuque, to enter his land. Mr. Kelsey came to the county a poor man, only iiaving $100 in cash, with which he bought liis 80 acres; but bj' linrd work, he accumulated a fine property, owning, at the time of his death, 4-50 acres of land. In politics he was a Democrat. He died D.c. 16, 1877. His motlier died July 28, 1870. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received a limited education. His first schooling was in an old blacksmith shop, owned by Jame Jack. After his parents came to Iowa there were five children born — Elizabeth, William D., and Jane. Two died in infancy. Mr. Kelsey has 143 acres of land, valued at $50 per acre, $7,150;4(i acres of limber, $10 per acre, $1,600. Total, $8,750. In politics he is a strong Democrat, and has held several local offices of trust. In 1862 he enlisted in the Second Iowa Cavalry, Company C, being a recruit. He joined the regiment at La Grange, Tenn., immediately after the second batt'e of Corinth, and was following Prii-e to Cofleeville, Miss. He participated in all the engage- ments in tiie regiment up to the battle of Tupelo and Guntown. He was discharged at Saline, Ala., and also at Davenport, Iowa, in October, 1865. Mr. Kelsey is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, and also of the A. O. IT. W. J^rixHcis Lainbach was born in Prussia, near the River Rhine, Nov. 17, 1812. When 14 years of age he wa-i apprenticed to tiie trade of bricklayer and mason, where lie rem lined two years. In 1838 he left his native country and embarked on a sailing vessel tor the United States, taking 75 days tn make the voyage. He landed in New York about the middle of July. After rem lining in New York a short time he went to St. Louis, Mo., where he remained until 1839, when he boarded the steamer "Des Moines" and came to Port Byron, where he crossed the river to Iowa. The town of Parkhurst bein^ just commenced, and wishing to build uj) their new town. Capt. Eads and Mr. Parkhurst gave himself and brothers a lot, if they would put up a building. He and his brothers spent two winters working at their trade in Dubuque and Galena. In 1841 purchased land, and commenced to open up a farm. In 1842 he built a small stone house which bears the in- scription of A. D. 1842 over the door. In December of the same year he married Armelia McElyea. By this union there were eigiit children, four of whom are living, viz.: Helena (now the wife of William Hafkey), Matilda, Francis (who married Miss Eva Hulet), and Louisa. Mr. Lambach runs his farm in connection with his trade, and has done the work on some of the substantial buildings of Davenport. CITY OF nAVKNPOKT. 911 Ferdinand Smltk was born in the southern part of Germany, April S, 1838, ami is a son of .loiin H. Sinitii, of tlic same j)iace, who enii£jrated to America with iiis family in 1848. They located in New York (Jity. wliore Ferdinand attended school. In the spring^of IBoO, lie went to Baltimore and clerked one year in a pocket- book manufactory there, then went to St. Louis, Mo. In 1853 he formed a ])artnership with Capt. Morley in the auction business, whicli he contiiineil to 1859. He engasjed in speculation two years, and in 18()0 located in Chieago, III. He engaged in the wholesale and retail grocery business there one year, in partnership with Mr. Yotham. who was drowned in 1801, while on board the "Lady Elgin." Mr. Smith traveled two years for a wholesale gro- cery house in Chicago; spent four years in the flour, feed and grain business there, and located in Davenport in 1867. Since coming here he has traveled for tiie following Chicago houses: Smith Bros.^ G. C. Cook &Co., who lost everything in the fire of 1871, Farring- ton & Schmal, Kellog & 15arrett, and is now enijaged with P'rank- lin MacYeagh & Co. He was married Jan. 30, 1861, to ]\[iss Olga Federow, of St. Petersburg, Russia. The}' have six children — Ferdinand J. E., now engaged in school teaching, and making a special study of chemistry; Arthur, Olga, Emma, William and Vera. Robert Smith, head bookkeeper for the Davenport Plow Com- Eany, was born in the city of Aberdeen, Scotlantl, June 15, 1S2S. [is parents were James and Margaret (Duncan) Smith, also natives of Scotland; they had two children, llobcrt attended school until 15, when he was appointed bookkeeper for the Aberdeen Bank for four years. He was then employed as bookkeeper for the Aberdeen Railwaj', until the s]n-ing of 1852, when he came alone to the United States; he landed in New York City. Eighteen nKnitha after he accepted a position as bookkeeper for a grain warehouse, at Milwaukee, Wis., until 1858. He was then agent for the Trus- tees of the State of Wisconsin, for the Fox and Wisconsin Eiver Improvement Co. (now owned by the Government), until 1862, when he was appointed ]ia_\ master for the U. S. armv, by A. Lin- coln, a position he hehl until November, 1865. He was then cashier for tlie Connecticut Mutual Life Ins. Co. 18 months, when he came to Daven])ort, Iowa, and engaged as State agent for the New York Life Insurance Co., four years. He was then bookkeeper in the First National Bank of Davenport four years, when he became head bookkeeper for tl;e Davenport Plow Co., a position he still retains. Mr. Smith married Miss Anna W. Smith, Oct. 18, 1859. She was born in Maine, ilr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Episcopal church, and have four children, viz.: James R., Theodore, Bryant and Miss Edith Smith. Mr. R. Smith is a Mason and mem- ber of St. Nicholas Lodge, No. 93, Aberdeen Scotland, and a member of Davenport Lodge, No. 17, A. O. U. W.; a member of Knights of Honor of the U. S. and V. A. S. Stella Collegium, No. 55, and a member of the G. A .R. Mr. Smith was one of the 912 HISTORY OF scorr county. original members of the Republican party, and has been a strong supporter of it since its organization. Henrij H. Smith was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 16, 1815. He received the rudiments of an ordinary education, and was es- pecially blessed with having a devotedly pious father, to whom he owes much for his religious training. On arriving at manhood, Mr. Smith continued the business avocation of his father, tliat ot fancy dry goods, in Philadelphia for some years, and in August, 18Jr2, married Miss Mary Lewis. His father's death occurred shortly after. One day he noticed an article in The Dollar Ne%o»papei\ over the signature of " A. C. F.," in wliich tlie superiority of Iowa was graphically ]jortrayed. This, with the glowing letters from his friend Barr, wlio had recently settled there, led him to decide upon Davenport as his future lionie. Accordingly', with his little fiimily and wife, he turned his steps westward, and reached Daven- port May 12, 1850. His journey embraced a period of some two weeks. The only mode of transit was by canal to Johnstown, Pa., thence by Portage Railroad over the mountains, and again bv canal to Pittsburg, then down the Oliio River and up the Mississippi to Davenport. Mr. Smith found it a village of some 1,200 inhabi- tants, witli four stores, all of them located on Front street. Second street being occnpiied with residences and gardens. Mr. Smith was the first merchant to disturb the quiet seclusion of this street. and in the fall of 1850, on the southwest corner of Brady and Second streets, erected a sign bearing the inscription, " Smith's Philadel- phia Variety Store," and commenced his career as a Western mer- chant. His wife, acting as his only assistant, was the first lady clerk that ever sold goods in Davenport, and whatever of success followed their united business labors, very much of it may prop- erly be attributed to the rare business talents of Mrs. Smith. No store rooms were to be obtained, so a private residence was se- cured, built by a physician. In this " Smith's Variety Store " be- gan its career. The first stock of goods required a pieriod of 30 days in transit, and the three days staging across the sloughs of Illi- nois was the most expeditious way of sorting u]) his stock at Chicago. Railroads were as yet unknown in Western Illinois or Iowa. A year or two passed, and the little doctor's shop became entirely too small to meet the demands of a rapidly growing busi- ness. So a friend was found who leased of Mr. Davenport 40x60 feet of ground on the mirtheast corner opposite, and erected what was pronounced the finest store in the city, with its large show windows 20 x 30. A few years later a railroad was talked of to con- nect Davenport with Chicago, and after a year or two of wind work, the snorting of the iron horse was heard on the western bor- ders of Illinois, with his eye directed toward Davenport. Witli this, the tide of emigration set toward Davenport with great rapid- ity, and "Smith's Variety Store" assumed large proportions, and became famous tliroughout all the country around for its extent and variety of goods. In 1867 Mr. Smith relinquished the dry- ^6iLZ^ the combined labors of Mr. and Mis. Smith, while every good object never failed to receive their most hearty sujjport and co-oporation. ^1. J. Smith, of Smith i^' McCuUougii, dealer in furniture and carpets, ll-i E. Second St., was born in Columbus, N. J., Aug. 28, ISJrO. His parents were William and Sarah A. ((lardner) Smith, the former was a Baptist minister. They had a family of nine chil- dren. A. J. attended school until 16, and when IS came alone to Davenport, la. He clerked in a dry-goods store for his uncle, II. II. Smitii, until lS(i(», when he and Mr. Parsons were in business two 3'ears. A. J. then worked for Daniel Gould 19 years, when he formed his present partnership with F. McCullough, and they bought out Mr. Daniel Gould and opened their present establish- ment at 114 E. Second St., where they carry a full stock of domes- tic and imported carpets and furniture. Mr. Smith married Miss Ilellon A. Squires, Dec. 12, 18(!0. She was bi>rn in Scott Co., la., and is a daugliter of X. Squires. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have two sons, viz.: William G., and Charles E. Smith. .Mrs. Smith is a member of the Calvary Baptist Church. Mr. Smith owns a nice residence at 1214 Second St., where he and family reside. In politics he is a Rei^ublican. Richard Smetham. born Jan. 8, 1819, came to Davenport direct from England in May, lS4t). Of the 36 years whicii he has l>assed in Davenjjort, eight have been spent in the postotHce, eight in the county treasurer's ofhce, and eight have been passed in the Davenport Savings Bank, of which he is cashier. During the was he was for some time connected with the adjutant general's office, and for the past two years he has been recording secretary of the Scott County Pioneer Settlers' Association. Wil/iaiii 11. Snider, of tho firm of Snider & Mile.*, agents for 4(» of tiie leading American and foreign fire insurance companies, was born in Prockville, Can., ^lay 21, 1848, and was a son of Reuben and ilaria Snider, wedFalkner. In 1851 he removed with his parents to Freeport, Stephenson Co., III. lie attended school until he was 18 years old, and three years later he engaged in the insurance business. In 1869 he left Stephenson County, and went to St. Louis, Mo., and in 1874 he came to Davenport. lie has fol- lowed the insurance business in Ilolden, Kansas City, St. Louis, Mo., and Davenport. lie is special State agent for the Under- writers of Boston, Mass., and the Fire Association of London. He was married in Holden, Mo., Oct. 4, 1870, to Miss Mary E. Coventry, of Collinsville, 111., a daughter of William E. 53 916 HISTORY OF sco'rr countt. Ooventrj. They liave had tliree children — W. Earl, Jennie E. and Charles H. In politics Mr. Snider is a Republican. Henry Spink, son of John and Sarah (Arnett) Spink, natives of Hnll, England, where the\- died, was born in that city Nov. 20, 1822. He euiigrated to America in the fall of 1853, and located at once in Davenport, Iowa. At that time the old Iowa Colle^^ewas the most prominent biiildincr in Davenport. Failing to obtain work at his trade, that of a painter, he bought land in Clinton County and farmed and worked at his trade when there was work to be done for about three years, when he rented his farm and moved into Davenport, and has worked at his trade here since. For three or four years he did the graining for all the paintei-s in this city. He formed a partnership with John H. Morton, which con- tinued until the death of the latter, his son succeeding him. The latter firm continued five years and Mr. Spink has conducted the business alone until three years ago, when he retired from active life. He has been twice married; his first wife was Jane Barff, horn in the Society Islands, in 1823. Her father was one of the first missionaries that went to the Sooth Sea Islands, under the auspices of the London Missionary Society; their marriage oc- curred March 30, IS-IS, in Hull, England. Mrs. Jane Spink died June 15, 1857, in this city, having been the mother ot four cliil- dren, one living — Sarali. His second marriage took place Feb. 21, ISGO. t(i Miss Emily Godwin. Slie was born in London, England, on the 26th of A])ril, 1840. To them have been born 13 children, 11 living — Jane, George H., John AV., Alfred, Henry, Emily, Charles, Edward, Hannah, Winifred and Alice. Mr. Spink is a memlierof the First Presbyterian Church. William Sternhei'g, jjroprietor of the machine shop and bi-ass foundry, 1642 and 1644 West Locust street, was born in Holstein, Germany, Nov. 29, 1848, and is a son of M. C. and Caroline Sternl)erg, residents of Holstein. He emigrated to this country July 1, 1868, and at once located in Daven])ort. He worked at his trade of machinist three years, then established a shop of his own, which he ran two years, then built the foundry which he now occupies. He does a large business, employing from two to ten men. His marriage with Annie Ense occurred Nov. 29. 1877. She was born in Davenport ; her father is dead and her mother I'esides with her. This union has been blessed with one child — Hans. Mr. Sternberg is a member of the Turner Society. August St'-ffen, president of the Davenport Plow Manufactur- ing Co., and proju'ietorof Steffen's wholesale and retail tiry -goods store, 226, 228 and 230, N. E. corner Second and Harrison streets, was born in Prussia, Germany, Oct. 24, 1824, and was a son of Henry and Mary Steffen. He learned the tobacco and cigar maker's trade in Germany and worked at that until 1849, when he came to America. He landed in New York, thence to Cincinnati and New Orleans. In the s])ring of 1850 he went to California, "where he engaged in mining four years, then returned to New CITY OF DAVENPORT. 917 Orleans, via the Istlumis of Panama. In Ma}', 1^54, he located in Davenport, and o]jene(l a s^i-ocery store on the same ground where his present large wholesale and retail store now stands; he re- mained in the grocery business until 1860, and from that time until 1878 he engaged in the grain business. He then opened the dry-goods establishment he now owns. The building is three stories high, with an elevator and basement. They carr}- a full assortment of imported and domestic goods, and have one ot the finest stores in the city. Mr. Stetien was mai-ritd in Davenport on March 21, 185(), to ^lary Gehrlicher, of Saxony, Germany. They have had seven children, four living — Metta, Alfred, Adelia and August. Mr. Steften is director in the First National and the Davenport Savings Banks, being a large stockholder in each. Rev. Win. M. Stij1ei\ pastor of the Calvary Baptist Church, was born in HoUidaysburg, Pa., IMarch 2.5, 1S41. His jiarents were Jolm II. and Rebecca (Kinsel) Stiflur. natives of Pennsyl- \ania. Mr. William Stiller assisted his father on the farm until be was 16 j-ears old, tlie'i left his home and came to Alton, 111., and hired to a farmer by the name of H. Spalding, who had been a student of Shurtletl College. He persuaded Mr. Stiller and his brother to attend that cdlege. Accordingly entered there in the tall of 1S5S and graduated in the college course in 1S66, and in the theological course in 1869. In the meantime he taught several terms in the public schools and college. He enlistd in Co. D, 133d 111. Inf., and was stationed on Rock Island most of the time, to guard the prisoners; he served six months. He was ordained at Pana, 111., in 1869, by Dr. Reed, and immediately took charge of the church at Pana, and remained there three years. He was then sent to Cedar Falls, Iowa, and was pastor there four years; then went to Cedar Rapids, where he stayed from 1876 to 1879, when he came to Davenport. Mr. Stiller was married Sept. 27, J 870, to Sarah B. Leverett. daughter of Warren Leverett, who was professor of Shurtleft College for 33 years; he is now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Stifler have two children — Mary A. and Juliet L. Jacob Strasser was born Feb. 22, 1831, in Hohenzollen, Sigmar- ingen. Germany, and is a son of Francis Xavier, of I^outi, Prussia, and Mary Anna Stmsser, a native of Erfurth, Bavaria. The former was killed by an accident in January, 1869. She resides in Evans- ville, Ind., and is 81 years old. The family emigrated to America in 1846, and landed in Kew Orleans Dec. 12, of that year; and about the 12th of July of the same year Jacob enlisted in the Mexican war, and served as receiving clerk in the quartermaster's office until the close of the war in 1>4S, when he returned to his home, where he remained until April, 1849, when he went toXcw Orleans and engaged with an Itahan Ojiera Trouj), and went to South America. On his return he traveled through the South and Northwest. He went to Evansville, Ind., in 1853, and two years later located in Davenpt)rt, where he began teaching music, and 918 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. organized a band called the Union, which still exists under his leadership. In the fall of the same year he organized the Ger- man Dramatic Theatrical Company, which is still in existence un- der the name of the City German Theater. He enlisted from Scott County in 1861, in the army, having organized a regimental band, cliieflv from Davenport, which served until they were mustered out in 1862. He taught music and served as bookkeeper in different firms in that city until 1867, when he went into the Citizen's Na- tional Bank as bookkeeper, a position he still retains. He was married to Philomena Sachs, in Jefferson Co., Missouri, in 1851. They had 12 children, four living — Appolonia, born Dec. 24, 1852, married William A. Burger; Jennie, born Oct. 10, 1865; Jacob, Oct. 8, 1867, and Francis Xavier, Jan. 6, 1869. Mrs. Philomena Strasser died Feb. 9, 1873, and he was again married Nov. 18, 1876, to Pauline Lerchen, a native of West Virginia. They have one child, Gustavus, born Aug. 8, 1877. He is a Republican. David H. Stiihr of the tirm of H. P. Wheeler et Co.. 224 West Front street, was born in Davenport, Dec. 6, 1857, and is a son ot David S. and Fredericka (Kruse) Stuhr. of German birth. The subject of this record was educated in Davenport, and when 18 years of age learned the carpenter's trade, which he worked at three years. He then took a six months' course of bookkeeping^ at Dav- en})ort Business College. Upon leaving the college he was employed as bookkeeper by G. A. Koster, grain merchant, and re- mained with him two years, then went into business for himself. He bought the city scales, which he owned two years, then entered the employ ofH. P. Wheeler, grain dealer, as bookkeeper; re- mained with him in that capacity until April 1, 1881, when he was admitted as a partner. His marriage with Wilhelmine Kummer- feldt occurred on Jan. 7, 1879. She was born in Davenport. They have one son, Edwin D., born Aug. 30, 1879. In politics Mr. Stuhr is a Republican. Oeorge B. Swan, yard-master for tlie C, R. I. & P. Railway. Davenport, was born in Templeton, Mass., Sept. 6, 1839. He is a son of Daniel and Thurza (Barrows) Swan, natives of Massachu- setts. They had family of two children, viz: Mrs. Mary A., wife of Geo. II. Higgins, of Chicago; and George B. Swan, the subject of this sketch, who attended the Leicester Academy, Leicester, Mass., until 13. when he came alone to Davenport. Iowa. He lived with his IJncieH. S. Finley, one year, and with his Uncle Willard Barrows one year, when he attended the Iowa College until 18, and in the spring of 1859 he, with a party of six others from Daven- port, went overland to Pike's Peak. They returned the fall of 1859. He tlien was employed as draw-tender on the old Mississippi & Missouri Railway bridge until the spring of 1863, when he went to Montana Territorj', where lie mined and prospected until the fall of 1865, since which time has worked for the C, R. I. it P. Railway Company, and in 186S was appointed to his present posi- tion as yard-master. He married Miss Ella Palmer, of Michigan, CITT OF DAVENPORT. 919 May 18, 1876. Slie was a (3aii<;;hter of Ephraini and Lidia (Gard- ner) Palmer, natives of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Swan liave had two sons, viz.: Eugene P. and George P. Swan. JVIr. Swan is Master of Davenport Lodge, No. 37, A. F. & A. M. ; is a member of Davenport Ciiapter, No. 16. R. A. M.; and was a charter mem- ber of State Lodge, No. 3, A. O. U. \V. In politics, a Republican. Mr. Geo. B. Swan is one of Davenport's representative men, and is one of the old C. R. L & P. Railway men, having been employed by this company for tiie past 20 years. Ofto A7(/y, son of George and Christiana King, was born Aug. 1, 1826, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, where he was educated. On Ma\' 7, 1849, he emigrated alone to America, and located at once in Davenport, Iowa. lie opened a store of general merchan- dise on Front street, which he continued to operate until 1870 when he sold out, and embarked in the commission business. He is now retired from active business life, and is engaged in looking after his farms and large vineyard. lie also owns considerable city property. He was married in March, 1S52, to Frederika Schricker. They have six children — Clara, Agnes, Lillie, Thekla, Otto and Elfrieda. Mr. Klug is a member of the fire department of Davenport. He held the office of cit}- treasurer two years, alderman eight years, and is now a member of the School Board. He has ever made Davenport's interests his own. and is one of her most esteemed citizens. Samuel Ta?mer, saloon keeper, 210 Main street, was born April 3, 1823, in Switzerland. His parents were Casper and Barbara Tanner, natives also of that country; the former served under Napoleon. Samuel Tanner emigrated to Ameri( a in 1S4S. He remained in New York until 1854, when lie came to Davenport; traveled for a wholsale liquor house until 1875, when he estab- lished a saloon on the corner of Second and Harrison streets, and removed to his present number in September, 1880. He was married in Madison, N. J., Nov. 19, 183-4, to Rosina Lehman, a native of Switzerland. They iiave had five children — Frank, is a miller in Iowa City, is married and has five children; Rosa, wife of Morris Hess, resides in Rock Island, they have two children; Albert L., of the firm of Tanner A: Wagner, Milwaukee Furniture Company, is married and has three children. Lea, now Mrs. Gus Haase, resides in D,aven])ort, and Susan. Mr. Turner is a mem ber of the Episcopal church. In })olitics he is a Democrat. J^red Tcc/unf/n, of the firm of Brandt tt Techentin, blacksmith and wagon manufacturers, S16 "West Second street, was born in Neubuckow, Schweriii, Mecklenburg, Aug. 22, 1849. His parents were John and Louisa (Unmack) Techentin, natives also of that place. Fred attended school until 1864, when he learned the wagon- maker's trade; in 1871 he emigrated to America, landed in New York, and came at once to Davenport, arriving in November of that year. He worked at iiis trade until he formed his present partnership. He was married Jan. 8, 1877, to Louisa Bornhoft. 920 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. She was born in Davenporc, and was a daughter of Henry and Eliza (Spanberger) Bornlioft, natives of Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Techen- tin have four children — Frank and Francis, twins born in March, 1878, Lilly and Henry. Henry Techentin, of the firm of Techentin & Hoyer, manufact- urers of and wholesale and retail dealers in saddles, harness, col- lars, whi])S, fly-nets, blankets, combs, brushes, etc., and dealers in tine Eastern-made carriage and bu^gy harness, 80S West Second Street, was born in Nenkloster, Schwerin, Mecklenburg, June 20, 1826. He learned the harness-maker's trade in his native country, and came to the United States in 18.53. He worked at his trade in St. Louis, Mo., until April, 1856, when he located in Daven- port, where he followed his trade until 1857, when he went into business for himself, and in February, ISSl, he took Mr. Hoyer as a partner. Mr. Techentin was married Dec. 19, 1863 to Miss Min- nie, daughter of Peter Hageboeck, a native of Germany. They have had three children, one living^Henry W. He i"? a member of the Turner Society, and in politics a Republican. Wai'reri Teele, Assistant Postmaster, Davenport, was born in Woburn, Mass., Dec. 3L 1828. His father Joseph Teele was born in Cambridge, now one of the wards of Boston; his mother Hepsi- beth Wheeler, was born in Temple, N. H. Both dying- when War- ren was a mere lad he^was left to paddle his own canoe; after living a life of 10 years among the hard working farmers of Middlesex County, he took up with Horace Greeley's advice and went West to the then supposed end of the western part of this country, settling in Cannelton, Perry Co., Ind. Here, built a store and went into general merch-mdising. While in this line of business he went back to the old Bay State and on Sept. 20, 1853, married Miss Dora Nichols, of Winchester, Mass., daughter of Stephen and Jane (Ryder) Nichols; returning about the time of the Kansas Free State difficulties. He concluded that the young Republican State of Iowa would be a more congenial place to live in, for one who had cast the first Free Soil vote ever cast in the count}'. So pulling up his stakes he took his young wife and came to Iowa settling anew Oct. 11, 1856, there he has since resided, and for the past 13 years has been the asistant postmaster under Mr. Edward Russell, he having had previously four years' experience in the mail service as mail route agent on the Mississippi River from Davenport to Dubuque. Two daughters have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Teele — Jennie Nichols and Addie Sanger Teele. Henry T/wde is, the successor of Langfeldt, Tliode & Co., dealers in imported and domestic wines and liquors, 327 West Second street. This firm was first establishel in August, 1866, and in August, 1871, Mr. Henry Thode became sole proprietor and has conducted the business since. He occupies a building 72 x 20 feet with a basement. He carries a full line of goods and has a thriv- ing and prosperous trade. He was born in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, Feb. 15, 1828, and is a son of James and Margaret (An- CITY OK DAVENPORT. 921 dresen") Thode, of Germany. Henry attended school until lie was 16, tjien ieanied tlic carriage maker's trade, wliicli he t'oiiowed in his native euiintrv until 1S.")'2, wiien he came to the United States and landed at New Orleans on Oct. 3 of tliat year. He came at once to Davenport, thence to Rock Island, 111., where ho oi)tained employment in Benford's machine-shop about one and a half years. He then returned to Davenport and opened a wagon-shop. In 18(!6 he established his present business, lie was married Oct. 28, IS54 to Miss Auijfusta Goos. a native of Ilolstein, Germany. Their union has been blessed with li* children, eiirht livinw- — Willie, Laura, Carl, Emma, Hugo, Edward, Dora and Mai'ie. Mr. Tliode Is a member of the I. O. O. F., Scott Lodge, No. 37; State Encimj)- ment, No. 3, and of the Scheutzen Society. Carl Tkoemlng, stock dealer on the old Scott Nursery, was born in Eckenferderach. Schleisjiie, Ilolstein, Germany, April 28, 1843, son of William and Mary (.Minnie) Thoeming, natives of Germany. They had eight children, live living. They came to the United States when Oarl was eight years old, and landed in New Orleans in June, 1853. They settled in Davenport where they both died. He was a butcher and speculated in land. Carl enlisted in 1861, in the first Mo. Independent Mounted Artillery, and was taken ^irisoner at the battle of Pea Ridge ; he was ex- changed six weeks after, and was honorably discharged at (^uincy, 111., in 1864. He then returned to Davenport and 0])ened a butcher shop on the corner of Third and Harrison streets; ho remainiMi in this business until in December, 1881, when he engaged e.xclu- sivcly in wholesaling and retailing stock. He was married to Maggie Stoltenburg in 1864. She was born in Propstel, Ilolstein, Germany, and was a daughter of Joe and Woldveigh (Rulk) Stoltenburg, natives of (Germany, and early settlers of Scott county. Mr. and Mrs. Thoeming have had seven children, five living — Clara, Btrtlia, Anna. Laura and Louie. Mr. Thoeming has always been a hard-working and enterprising n-an, and his present lovely residence on the Davenport and Rockingham road is the reward of his industry. JdmeJi Thoraj)mri. cajiitalist, and tormerly ])residont of the First National Bank, of Davenport, was born in Huntington Co., Pa., Jan. 1.5, 1829. He was a sou of Robert and Mary (Swope) Thompson, natives of Pennsylvania and members of the Ba))tist church. They had a family of three sons and one daughter. James, the subject of this sketch, worked on his father's farm, and attended schof)l during the winters until 20, when, Api-il 15, 1855, he married Miss Mary Moke. She was born in Pennsylvania and was a dauglitfr of Henry iMoke. Soon after his marriage, in June, 1S5.T, ^Ir. Tliomdson came to Davenport, Iowa. He bouglitsome land in Liberty Townshiji, Scott County, which he had broken. It was his intention to follow farming, but soon after purchasing his farm, he and David Hill bought a livery stable, which they ran until 1867; since that time Mr. Thompson has been speculating in 922 HiSTOEr OF scott count v. Nebraska, Kansas, Dakota and Iowa lands ; lie now owns some 30,000 acres of land, 1'2 business and dwelling houses in Daven- port. He and wife have had six children, four boys and two girls, viz. : Charles E., Frank, Harry, James Jr., Ida and Cora. Mrs. Thompson is a member of the United Presbyterian church. Mr. Thnni]ison owns a nice residence at 805 Brad}- street, where he and lamily reside. He is one of the leading enterprising business men of Davenjiort, and has always taken an active part in anj' enterprise that ])romised progression and improvement to this city. He is director of the First National Bank, where he has his oiEce. Mr. Thompson has been identified with Davenport since June, 1855. A. S. Tijfaleontology, archaeology, 910 West Fifth street, Davenport, was boin in Berkshire Co., Mass., April (J, 181S. He is the son of Asa 1). and Abigail (Scott) Tiffany, both natives of Massacliusetts. His mother died in 1823 and his father in 1872. After the death ot his mother his father moved to what was then Montgomery Co. , N. Y. , where he engaged in farming and wood-carving, which he continued until his death. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools, and when 17 years of age went to Albany, N. Y., where he Worked in a saddle and harness manufactory, remaining there till 1S39, when he commenced business for himself in Johnson Co., N. Y., in the same line of ti'ade, but only continued one year when he embarked in the grocery and provision trade, which business he continued nntil 1854. He then moved to liock Island, 111., wlicre he spent two years in the same line of trade. In March, 1856, he moved to Davenjjort, where he engaged in the tobacco trade and ]nirchasing buckskin for the markets. While engaged in this business he began the collection of fossils and mineral specimens. In 1868 he sold out his trade and turned his attention exclusively to geology, ^laleontology and arclutology, and has now over 2,000 specimens of fossils and minerals pro)ierly labeled and classified. Mr. Tiffany united in marriage in 181-4 witli Christina Coughnet, who was born in New York, Dec. 9, 1823, a daughter of Peter and Catherine (Gooderraite) Coughnet. The_y have four living children — William P., Kate (now Mrs. O. W. Eichardson), Priscilla and Hattie M. L'ohert l.ow»send was born in Bradford, England, Dec. 18, 1818. He is the son of James and Ann (Barnes) Tovvnsend, natives of England ; tlie former die 1 in 1826, and the latter in 1840. Bobert came to America in 1837, and for two years worked at tlie shoemaker's trade in Philadelphia, then worked on a farm three years. In May, 1843, he started on foot for the West, arriving in Davenport June 20 of that year. He com- menced work in this c amty as a farm hand, continuing until 1844, when lie M-e7it uji to the pineries, where he engaged in log- ging until June, 1845, when he returned to Scott County. He again engaged as a farm laborer by the day and month until CITV OF DAVENPORT. 923 1849, when he married Kebecca Mc CuHougU, wlio was born in Holmes Co., Ohio, in 1829. Soon after liis marriage he bought 40 acres of land in ])aven])ort Township, and engaged in farming. Success has attended Ins cfiorts, and he has added to this land from time to time until he now owns 300 acres of line land, the result of his industry and enterprise. His wite was one of the most successful butter-makers in the county, and sup- plied Dr. J. J. Burtis, proprietor of the Burtis House, with but- ter for over 20 years. In 1S75 lie retired from active farm life and moved into Davenjiort City. His sons, John and James, are managing the farm. His family consists of three children — John S., who married Ida Collins ; ,Iamcs B., married Ella Brockett; Eugene C, resides at home, and is engaged in teaching. Mr Townsend is considered one of the most honest men in Scott County, having at one time traveled all over the city of Daven- port trying to find an owner for $10 wliic-h he had received over what was his due. In jiolitics he is a Iie]>ublican. John Vale, mail clerk, postortice department, Davenport, is a native of London, England, born Aug. \K \^'P>'>, of Tliomasand Eliz;i- beth Vale, t)f English birth. John attended scliool until his 13th year, then spent three and one-half years as clerk in a grocery store in Kensington. In the fall of 1851 he came alone to the United States. He worked in a saw-mill in Le Claire Township five years, tlien went to Minnesota and entered land there. In September, 18<51, he enlisted as a private in Company H, 2d Minnesota In- fantry Volunteers. He was jn'omoted to Sergeant; participated in the battles of Mill Springs, Ky., Cluckamauga and other en- gagements; was with Sherman in his inarch to the sea. He was mustered out after serving four years and two montlis, at Fort Snei- ling, Minn. He engaged in tarming in Davenport Townshipthreeor four years, then receive I an ap])o;ntment as clerk in the po?ti)tlice at Daven])jrt. and is now chief mail clerk here. He was married July 13,1881, to MaryMiddleton, of Scotland. Her parents were J. N. and Mary (Gilchrist) Middleton, natives also of Scotland. Mr. Vale is a Mason and a member of Blue Lodge, No. 37; Daven]>ort Cha])ter, No. 16; K. A. M.; of St. Simon Cyrene Corainandery, No. 9; K. T., and A. O. U. AV., Pioneer Lodge, No. 2. He is a Republican. Van Piitten & Marks, wholesale grocers, Nos. 119, 121 and 123, East 3d street, established this business in 1867, as a wholesale and retail store. Since 1870 it iias been e.xchisivoly a wholesale estab- lisiiment. Tliey occupy a building three stories in iieight, and con- taining a basement. It is 150 .\ 60 feet. They also have two warehouses on Front street, between Brady and Perry. One is three stories high and 2(t x 80. The other four stoiies and 20 .\85. Tlicy liandle a full line of imported and domestic groceries, jn'ovisions and staple goods, and do an annual business ot .S7,., N. Y., and learned the tanner's trade, and in 1831 he went to Oswego Falls and took charge of the largest leather manufactory in that place. On Oct. 7, 1835, he was mar- ried at Vienna to Miss Patience E. Cook, and thes' started imme- diately for Davenport and arrived here on Nov. 7, making the journey in just 30 days. After following farming for about two years he entered the store of Burrows ifc Prett3'man as clerk, which position he filled six years. He then, in company with Ira Cook, started a general merchandise store on Front street, the partnership lasting about 10 vears, when our subject bought out his partner's interest, and soon after closed out the business. In company with his son he then opened a grocery and feed store which, however, he soon disposed of. From that time until 1868 he was employed 926 HISTORY OF SCOT!' COITNTY. as right-of-way agent for the AI. & M., U. P. and C, E. I. Rail- roads, and subsequently was eiuploj'ed for 14 years in the land de- partment of the 0. (fe R. I. Road. During the past year Mr. Van Tuyl has lived in comparative retirement, enjoying the rest that an active and laborious life so well deserves. Still, at the ad- vanced age of 72 years, he is not satisfied to remain idle, and is anticipating engaging in business at an early date. They have had seven children, four of whom are still living — Cornelia, Carrie C. (now Mrs. Welling), Ebenezer C, and John P. Mr. Van Tuyl cast his first vote for Andrew Jackson, and has never changed his political views. Both are members of the Protestant Episcopal church. E. H. G. Yon Doehreii, grocery, hardware and crockery dealer, 802 West Third street, is a native of Germany, born May 17, 1847. His parents were Claus and Catharine Von Doehren, nee Stehr. They were of German birth. Tiie subject of this record emigrated to the United States in 1865, and located at once in Davenport, Iowa. Having learned the machinist's trade in Germany, he fol- lowed that business two years, then clerked in a hardware store five years, and in 1872 he commenced traveling for Van Patten & Marks, wholesale grocers. He soon quit the road, and formed a partnership with R. T. Miller, which continued three years, when Mr. Von Doehren went out of the firm and engaged in business alone in the store he now occupies. He was married Sept. 22, ISCfi, in this city to Silke Stelk, a native of Holstein, Germany. The fruit of this union is four children — Gustav, Adolph, Alfred and Edward- Mr. Van Doehren is a membsr of K. P. Lodge, Brotherhood of Iowa, and was foreman one year, and assistant chief and chief three years, of this order. Wilhelm H. Yoss, wood-carver, scroll vi^ork and cabinet-maker, 1330 West Third street, is a native of Schwerin, Mecklenberg, Ger- many, born Aug. 8, 1857. His parents were Frederic and Mary (Geert) Voss, of German birth. When Wilhelm was 14 years old he left school and learned the wagon-maker's trade, which he followed until 1873, when he came with his parents to Amer- ica, and located in Davenport. He followed his trade until Nov. 11, 1876, when he accidentally shot himself in the right arm and had to have it amputated a little above the elbow. He peddled notions one summer, then began to do scroll-sawing and making brackets, and in 1881 he opened his present establish- ment. He has a si.x horse-power engine and all the latest im- proved machinery, and is prepared to do all the finest scroll- sawing, wood-turning and carving. Mr. Voss did not give up when he met with his great misfortune, but on the contrary went bravely to work, and much credit is due him for the noble manner in which he has surmounted all ditticulties. He is a member of Turner and Mennachoir Societies, and the West Dav- enport Relief Association. CIlTf OF DAVENPORT. 927 Herman Yoss, wholesale li(|uor meichant, 400 West Second street, Davenport, established his present business on Feb. 26, 1871. He was born in Ditinarsen, Holstein. Germany. Oct. 11, 1838, and is a son of Hans and Margaret (Prigge) Voss, natives of Germany. Herman attended school until his IGtli year, then clerked in a mercantile house, and traveled for a "dry-goods factory in Saxony until 1S<)7, when he came to America. He spent the tirst year of his residence here as clerk in a dry- goods store in Indianapolis, Ind. Afterward traveled for an im- porting wine house in New York City until January, 1871, when he embarked in his present business. He was married in Davenport Jan. 21, 1872, to Miss Louisa Horst, of Propstei, Iowa. Her parents were Clans and Ida Horst, natives of Germany and early settlers of Scott County. Mr. and Mrs. Voss have two children, — Hans B. and Clans Herman, Jr. Mr. Voss is a member of K. P., Damon Lodge, No. 10, and A. O. U. W., German Lodge, No. 5. Wm. C. Wadsworth^ wholesale dry-goods mercliant, Davenport, was born June 27. 1826, in Litchfield, Conn. He attended the public schools of Litchfield until the age of 18 years, when he went to New Haven and remained until 18-18, engaging in the dry-goods business. Macon. Ga., was his next objective point, and he re- mained here in the same business until 1855, when he removed to Davenport and opened a retail dry-goods sforeat 127 West Second street. Shortly after he established another dry -goods house in Kock Island, 111., and in 1861 started a wholesale house, conduct- ing tlie three stores until 1868. In that year he disposed of the two retail establishments, and has since devoted his entire atten- tion to the large wholesale establishment at 109, 111 and 113 East Second street. Mr. W. has been a most energetic and persever- ing business man, and as a reward for his untiring efforts possesses the largest establishment of its kind in the city, with a constantly increasing business. He was married in 1859 to Miss Anna Mitch- ell, of Rock Island. Their three children are — William M., Henry T. and Mary Hall Wadsworth. In jiolitics Mr. W. is inde- pendent, voting for whom he considered the best man, irrespective of party nomination or affiliation. u. F. E. Walhui\ proprietor of Melchert's Hotel, situated at Nos. 313 and 315 West Second street, is a native of Germany, and came to Scott County in ^larch, 1881. He is a son-in-law of John J. Meves, of this city. Among the leading hotels of Davenport we would mention ^[elchert's Hotel. It is centrally located, and is a three-story building containing 60 rooms, equipped in such a man- ner as to best conduce to the comfort of the most fastidious guests. There are two large dining-rooms, one intended especially for trav- eling men. Each have a seating capacity tor 80 persons at a time, and the bill of fare is complete in every particular. The bar and billiard rooms are justly considered the most popular in the city. 928 HISTOET OF SCOTT COTTNTT. James Warrick, car-builder for the C, R. I. & P. R. R., was born on a farm in Wat^hington Co., Pa., May 25, 1S17. He was a son of Jonathan and Marj (Smalley) Warrick, natives of New Jersey, who were members of the M. E. church, and had a family of nine children. James attended school winters, and worked on his father's farm until 17, when he learned the carpenter's trade. He married Miss Elizabeth Wilson, May 4, 1S43. She was born in Pennsylvania, and was a daughter of Robert Wilson. Mr. and Mrs. James Warrick had three children, viz.: William, Mrs. Eliza- beth AVare, wife of George AVare, residing in Rock Island, and Mrs. Mary J., wife of Barney Inraan; they reside in Pennsylvania. Mrs. Warrick died July 13, 18-19; she was a member of the M. E. Cluirch. In 1850 Mr. Warrick came to Davenport. He followed his trade until 1868, when he was employed in the car-shops of the C, R. I. *.V: P. R. R., where he has remuiued ever since. Mr. Warrick married Miss Emma J. Davis June 21, 1853. She was born in Chester Co., Pa. She was adauiihter of M. C. Davis. Mr. and Mrs. Warrick are members of tlie First Presbyterian Church in Davenport, and have had six children, four living, viz. : Frauk P., Miss Carrie I., Miss Jennie I. ai.d Harry J. AVarrick. Mr. AVarrick resides at 332 AYest Fifth street, where he has lived for the past 25 years. He is a Mason and also a member of I. O. O. F. ; in politics a Democrat, and has alwaj's been a supporter of this party. He is one of Davenport's representative men, having been identified with this city since 1850. Charles S- Wafkhis was born in the city of New York, March 18, 1826. In 1853 went to California. In L855 returned to New York, and a few months later, July 23, 1855, came to Davenport. He was married Jan. 25, 1860, to Miss Mary A. Fuller, of Bangor, Maine. Tiieir four children, all of whom are living, are — Mary E., Frances R., Fred S. and RawsonF. Mr. AVatkins has been actively connected with several of the public and private enterprises of the city and county, and still maintains an earnest interest in every- thing pertaining to the general welfare of Davenport and of Iowa. F. W. ^Yatson, proprietor of the Commercial Hotel, 303 and 305, northeast corner Third and Perr}' streets, was born in New Lisbon, Ohio, Jan. 5, 1819, and was a son of John and Magdalena Watson, natives of Pennsylvania. The subject of this record attended school until he was 18 years old, then assisted his father in a hotel at New Lisbon and at New Gorden, O., until 18-i5, when he worked in his uncle's hotel two j'ears. tlien established a livery stable, which he conducted until 1855, when he came to Davenport. He bought grain during the winter, and acted as ugentforthe St. Louis Packet Co. and the Northern Line of steamers until Nov. 9, 1876, when he opened the Commercial Hotel, which contains -iO rooms, fitted up in good st^'le, witii sample rooms and parlors. He was married to Miss Elizabeth C. Rakestraw. June 14, 1839. She was born in Wil- mington, Del., and was a daughter of Wm. and Margery (Hope) Rakestraw. Mr. and Mrs. AVatson have had 10 children, seven liv- CITV OF DAVENPORT. 929 in^ — Cassius M., Julia M., inan-ied R. R. Martin, signal cifficer; Alary E., now Mrs. Ed. Bowles; Maggie, now Mrs. C. liicliards; Katy, wife ot Jacob Stolt; Franc K., and Bessie. Mr. W. is a mem- ber of the T. of H. Lodge and of the Sons of Temperance. W. II. c6 6'. T. VTehh, the oldest queen's-ware firm in the State of Iowa, established this business in tlie sj)ring of 1S52, at 118 W. Second St., whe'"e the}' are yet located. They occupy a two-storj' building, 150 x 20 ft., and carry a full line of the finest imported glass, china and (pieen's-ware. and of Bohemian and plated goods, also mirrors, lamps and chandeliers. They have been identitied with the business interests of Davenport for the past 30 years and are well and favorably known throughout the State. William II. "Webb M'as born in Albion, Orleans Co., N. Y., Sept. 21, 1831, and isa son of Zerah and Orind Webb. lie was a miller and com- mission merchant and a native of Vermont, and she of New York. AVilliam attended scliool until he was 18 years old. then worked in his father's mill, and in the commission business uutil the spring of 1852, when he came to Da\-enport and established his present business. He is a member of Fraternal Lodge A. F. & A. M., No. 37. William IFe/rf/itfr, foreman of tlio Cooper's Union, corner Fifth and De Soto sts., was born on the I8tli of August, 183i, in Hanover, Germany. His parents, Doniger and Francisco Weidner, were natives also of that place, aud died there. He emigrated to America in 1857, and landed in New York Aug. 4, of that year, after a very rough voyage of seven weeks, four days. He immediately came t) D.ivenjmrt, where he worked at anvthing he could get to do until 1861, when he learned the cooper's trade, wliich he has followed since, and has been foreman of the coopers' union for the past seven years. He was married in Ilolstein, Ger- many, to Lena Eeiss, May 24, 1857. Her parents are both dead. Of seven ciiildren born of this union, two are living — William, Jr., who is a tinner for Brown tt Gaines, dealers in stoves, tinware, etc., on W. Second St., and Emilie. Mr. Weiduer is a member of the I. O. O. F., Lodge No. 37, of Davenport. Lawrence IFAfeZe;-, manager of the Western Union Telegraph office at Davenport, was born in Newry, Blair Co., Pa., Nov. 22, 1852. He Mas a son of William E. and Ann (Bethel) Wheeler, the former a native of Connecticut, the latter of England. Tiiey had a family of nine children, eight living — Mrs. Daniel Griffith, Mrs. Joseph Ketlner, Mrs. Elizabeth Jones, Mrs. Alice Glaze, Lawrence, Randolph, and Alfretta. Lawrence attended school until he was 12 years old, since wiiich time he has been in a tele- grai>h office. He has been stationed at Sunburv, Northumberland, Williamsport, Lock Haven, Muncy Station, AVatson Town, Mil- ton, Pa. He left Pennsylvania in 1869 and went to Peoria, 111. ; thence to Canton, St. Paul, Minn. ; Downer's Grove, Naperville, Piano, Neponset, and Cairo. Ills. ; Columbus, \\.y.\ Des Moines, Iowa City, and in 1873 came to Davenport. He received his pres- ent appointment July 1, 1881. 930 HISTORY OF scorr counti'. H. P. 7I7t«eZer, senior member of tlie Hrm of H. P. Wheeler & Co., grain and produce mercliants, 224 West Front street, was boru in Fitchburg, Mass., Oct. 13. 1828. His parents were Amos and Susan Wlieeler, natives of Fitcliburg, Mass. He died in Jan- uary, 1856, in Worcester, Mass. ; she is a resident of Davenport. The subject ot tliis memoir received a common-school education in his native place, and attended tlie seminaiy at Saxon River, Vt. He engaged in tlie lumber tratlic in Dublin. X. PI., in 1852, and continued in it three or four years, tlien came West. He re- mained in Illinois two years, coming to Davenport in 1859. He engaged in the grain business here and has followed it since. He was married July 6, 1853, in Saxon River, Vt., to Miss Fannie M. Earl, a native of Rockingham, Vt. Tliey attended the Unitarian church. Qicptain Jiirvis White was born in Whiting, Vt., April 21, 1833, son of Nathan and Lucinda (Beals) White ; parents were natives of Medway, Mass., and both deceased. The subject of this sketch received only a common-school education in Massa- chusetts, and at 15 j-ears of age learned the sash, door and blind trade and followed the same up to 1861, when he en- listed Oct. 13, 1861. in the 2ith Mass. Infantry as private; was promoted to corporal sargeant, then color bearer, and from that to orderly sergeant, then to 2d Lieutenant, and was wounded, Aug. 14, 1864, at the battle of Deep Bottom, Va.; was then confined in hospital for three months, after which he was promoted to 1st lieutenant and then captain, and for three months went to his home. When he recruited his health sufficient he returned to his company in Virginia, and took charge of same, and after the surrender of Gen. Lee he went on garrison duty at Richmond until Jan. 20, 1866; at which time he received his discharge, and returned to Massachusetts and engaged in business in Medford, Mass., and remained there until October, 1874, when he removed to Davenport, Iowa, andbecanieoneof theiirm of Hastings, White & Fisher which still continues. Was married April 30, 1857, to Sarah J. Grant, who was born in West Medway, Mass.. Xovember, 1833. They had one child, born March 31, 1856, and died Aug. 4, 1857. lie lost his wife, May 3, 1861. Capt. AVhite is a member of the order of Free Masonry, and has taken the full degrees up to 32. and now is Eminent Commander of St. Simon ot Cyrene, and Xo. 9, Iv. T. of Davenport, and also one ot tiie prominent members of the baptist church, Davenjjort. Joseph S. Wtjlie, dealer in all kinds of coal, lime, hair, cement, etc., corner Fourth and Front and 420 Harrison streets, succeeded Hiram Cable in his present business in 1875, under the firm name of J. S. Wylie & Co. Since 18S0 the business has been conducted by Mr. Wylie alone. One principal feature of his work is that he furnishes some 12 gas companies in Iowa and Illinois with gas coal; also handles Pittsburg coke. He carries a capital stock ot from $20,000 to $25,000. "Dnring Mr. Cable's proprietorship of ■Sv- CITY OF DAV'ENPORT. 933 the business, coal alone was handled, Mr. Wylie having added the others since .going into the business. He was born in Wooster, O., Feb. 8, 1843, and is a son of Joseph S. Wylie, a native of Penn- sylvania. In 1852 tlie subject of this menrioir came to Iowa and located in Cedar Rapids; from there he went to Des Moines in lSi>9\ resided at that place until 1871. Spent the intervening time between 1^71 and '75 in Central Nebraskii, then became a resident of Davenport, lie was married in June, 1872, to Nan- nie, daughter of Iliram Cable. Thcv have two children — Hi ram C. and Mary E. Mr. Wylie is a member of the V. A. S. Society, and also of the Congregational church. John B. YotiiKj^ Superintendent of the public schools of Dav- enport, was born in Malone. Franklin Co., N. Y., July 15, 1S34, and was a son of John and Anna Young, nee Mathews, who were among the earliest settlers of tiiat section of the State. His father died in 1866, his mother in 1870. He assisted on the farm and attended school until he was 20 years old, when he began to pre- pare for a college course at the Franklin Academy, Malone. He entered the Midillebury College, at Middlebury, Vt., three years later, and graduated from that institution in 1861. He was then employed as principal of the academy at Lawrenceville, N. Y., and filled that position three years, when he became principal of Fort Covington, N. Y., Academy, where he remained four years, then came West, and located at J^avenport. In June, 1868, he was ap- pointed principal of the Davenport High School, and occupied that position until June, 1S7>^, when he was elected to his present ofHce. He has charire of 10 schools, including the High School, and tills the position with honor to himself and satisfaction to the people. He was married on Aug. 5, 1861, to Miss Betsey A. Drake, of Ma- lone, N. Y. Of five children born of this union, three are living — Jessie A.. Ella E. and Charley J. Mr. Young is a Mason, and a member of Trinity Lodge, No. 208; I. O. O. F., Davenjrort Lodge No. 7; A. O. U. W., Davenport Lodge, No. 17, and the Iowa L. of II., and V. A. S. Fraternity. In political views he is a Repub- lican. 54 ALLEN'S GROVE TOWNSHIP Allen's Grove Township is bounded on the east by Winfield Township, on the west by Liberty, on the south by Hickory Grove, and on the north by the Wapsipinecon River. The grove was first settled by a Mr. Allen, in 1836, taking and being known by his name. When the precincts were first organized the north- western portion of the country was made a precinct, which was given the name of Allen's Grove. When tlie townships were organized the name was still retained. Allen's Grove Township originally comprised all the territorj' now comprising the two townships of Allen's Grove and Liberty. Among the early settlers of this townsiiip, as it now exists, were Mr. Hendricks, Dennis R. Fuller, John Dunn, John E. Thompson, Mr. Hines, Mr. Halburt and Mr. Gee. All these opened farms on the prairies at the edge of the grove. Allen's Grove postoffice was established in August, 1S50, and George Frederick appointed postmaster. John Conners succeeded Mr. Frederick, and served about 10 years. Charles Lathrop came next and served one year, followed by James Stephens, w!io served two years, and succeeded by Martin O'Neil, who dispensed the favors of the ofiice four years. In 1872 W. B. Stephens was ap- pointed and yet serves. Tiie first store was established at the Grove in 1859 by F. E. Rothstein, on section 28. Mr. Rothstein also built a steam saw and grist mill in 1860. which he removed to Wapsipinecon River in 1865. He continued his store, however, until 1867, when lie moved to Clinton County, selling his stock to Martin O'Neil, who continued the business until 1872, when he sold to W. B. Stephens, who still lias it in connection with the postoifice, at his residence on section 27. Mr. Stephens has met with good success in the business, and carries a general line of goods. The Davenport & St. Paul, now the Chicago & Milwaukee, passes tiirough the township, and has one station, which was estab- lisiiod sliortly atter the advent of the cars, and around which has grown a small village, Donahue, named in honor of Hon. Michael Donahue, of Davenport. The village was commenced by Phineas Curtis. The first store opened in the place was by R. C. Fuller and H.A.Stokes. There are now two stores, two blacksmith sho])S, and a saloon in the place. The religious element of the township is represented in an organ- ization called the Church of God, but more commonly known as the Winebrenarians. from its reputed founder, John Wine- brenen. The church in Allen's Grove Township was organized in (934) Allen's grove township. 935 1860, bv Rev. Daniel Wertz, witli 22 members. Its tirst elders wore Thomas Hiistie, Phineas Curtis and David Lathrop; its tirst deacons, Jeremiaii Krause and Ezra Cronklcton. Tlie first meet- ings of the churcii were iield in a log school-lionse in the grove by Kev. John Hank. Hev. Joseph Keptbrd was the first pastor. The present pastor is Rev. J. II Basore. A house of worship . was erected by the society a few years since at a cost of $1,600. A Sunday-school is maintained by the church during the summer. Allen's Grove Towiisiiip is well provided in the way of schools, this township being a township school district, in wliich there are si.x sub-districts, each having a good frame school-house, the total value of which is $7,000. In the year ending October, 1881, there were 264 persons between the ages of 5 and 21, of which number 208 were enrolled in tiie public schools. The village of Dixon is partly located in Allen's Grove Town- ship. BIOGRAPHICAL. As part of the history of the township is appended biographical sketches of many of the old settlers and prominent men in the township, arranged in alphabetical order: Jacob E. AUen. teacher of the Donahue School, is a native of Cumberland Co., Pa., and was born May 25, 1859. He was reared on a farm until 17 years of age, and was educated in the Shippen- burg, P;i., State Normal School. He is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth Allen, native.* also of the Keystone State. He engaged in teaching in tiie public schools of Pennsylvania until the fall of 1877, when he came to Scott County, and has been very successful both as a disciplinarian and and instructor. We had tlie honor of visiting Mr. Allen's school on Dec. 20, 1881, and found perfect order and the pupils diligently pursuing their studies, rather a sur- prise to us in these "young American " days. Mr. Allen has adopted many of the latest normal methods of conducting school, and, considering the fact that his school is an ungraded one, is do- ing well. He gives universal satisfaction both to pupils and pa- trors. Though young in years he ranks with the best teachers in Scutt County, and has a bright prospect before him. Edmond Binford, druggist and dealer in wall paper, scliool books, etc., Dixon, was born in Allen's Grove Township, Feb. 23, 1849, and is a son of Jeremiah Binfoi'd, deceased, who came to Scott County, in 1837. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. He was married in 1871 to Melissa Ross, daughter of -lames II. Ross, of Dixon. They have three children — Maud and Mable (twins), and William. Mr. Binford is a mem- ber of the A. O. U. W. of Dixon, of the Masons at Wheatland, and the Ciiristian cliurch of Dixon. His brother John was a sold- ier in the late war, in Company C, Second Iowa Cavalry. 936 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. James T. Carter, deceased, was born Sept. 15, 1830, in "Wayne Co., Ind. In ISStj he came with his parents to Scott County. He made a trip to California in 1860, returning to this county in 1862. He was married Jan. 9, 186S, to Blanch McCuIlough. a daughter of James McCuIlough, and a native ot Pennsylvania. To them were born three children — Frank, Hattie and Horace. Mr. Carter was a member of A. O. U. W. Lodge and cliairman of tlie Greenback Club. He was a charitable man, always ready to assist the unfortunate, and a useful member of society, and one whom the community could ill afford to lose. He made a speecli of some celebrity Jnly 4, 1881, in which mention was made of the assas- sination of President Garfield. He was drowned in Mud Creek while bathing with his little son and a neighbor. Thomas Clausen, saloon keeper, Dixon, was born in Germany, June 17, 1851, and is a son of Thomas Clausen. Our subject came to America in 1873. He worked as a hired hand for some time; in 1880 he established business in Dixon. He keeps on hand line and imported wines. He was married Nov. 6, 18t)l, to Miss Dora Fey. John Connor, deceased, was born in County Carlow, Ireland, May 22, 1802. He immigrated to Canada when 17 years of age; from there he went to Cedar Co., la., in 1846. He came to Scott County, and in 1850 settled on a farm in Allen's Grove Township. He was married in 1831 to Ellen O. Brien. They had a lamily of six children — Michael, Rebecca. John P., Hannah and Mary A. Margaret J. died September, 1881, at 18 years of age. Mr. John Connor was one of the most popular men of the county; he was the first to hold the position of postmaster in Allen's Grove Township. He died as he had lived, honored and respected by all. Phineas Curtis was born near Johnsonville, N. Y., June 10, 1830. His parents were Daniel and Mehitable Curtis, nee Masters. His father died at Shaticoke, N. Y., in the year 1856; his motiier is now living in Hickor\' Grove Township, Scott County, with lier son-in-law, Ira Burch. She is 84years of age, and is still in full pos- session of all her faculties. Phineas Curtis was the recipient of a good education in his native place, and at the age of 20 years came West for the purpose of engaging in school-teaching. He taught school one year in Quincy, 111., then visited various parts of the country, coming to Scott ('ounty in June, 1851, and made claim to 160 acres of land in what is now known as Hickory Grove Town- ship, which he afterward entered. His first venture in farming was successful, and being pleased with the outlook of Scott County, he resolved to make it his home. He was married to Miss Laura L. Fuller, Feb. 27, 1853. She was born Sept. 15. 1S37. and is a daughter of Dennis R. and Lovancia Fuller, and is supposed by some to be the first female child born in Scott County. Of nine children born to Mr. and Mrs. Curtis, seven are living — Enola M., born April ly, 1855, married George P. Maw, Sept. 14, 1874; Lovancia M., born Oct. 22, 1857, married A. A. Fuller, Feb. 18, Allen's grove township. 937 1878; Dennis D., born Jan. 19, 1S61, attends the academy at Wilton, Iowa, as does his brother Frank R., who was born Feb. 2S, 1864; Abram B., born April i. 1867; LottaM.,Jan. 13, ISTO; andOraE., June 25, 1878. Ten years after his marriaffe Mr. Curtis moved to Davenport, with the intention of remaining jtermaiiently, but tiring of city life in two years, he returned to his country home. When the D. & St. P. R. II. was built through to Allen's Grove Town- ship, and Donahue station established, Mr. Curtis api>lied for and received the ])osition of station agent and postmaster here. lie tilled the former position three years, and the latter until his resig- nation in April, ISSl. While emplo3'ed as agent for the R. R. company, he engaged in the mercantile business at Donahue, and in 187-1, in order to meet the demands of his trade, he removed his old store-room and erected a much larger building in its place. He has disposed of his mercantile interest, and devotes his entire attention to speculating in stock. In 1876, in company with his wife and daughter Lotta, ^Ir. Curtis visited the Centennial Exhibi- tion, and the principal cities of the East. Mrs. Anna Ga/laffar, daughter of George llarman, came to Scott County with her parents in 1845. Her parents were poor, and she was deprived of educational privileges, having to work in the field like a man. In 1847 she married John Gallagar, but still continued to work hard in the field as before, and thus helped her husband on to wealth. But few of the wives of the pioneers of Scott County have endured the untold hardships that she has. Her mother, Mrs. llarman, is residing on the old home place, near by. at the age of 73 years. Mr. and Mrs. Gallagar have two children — Eliza, married Cyrus Crisp, and resides in Di.xon, this county; and Edward, married Mary Rosenbeck, and resides with his parents. So anxious was Mrs. Gallagar to obtain an education that one summer while her husband was gone she attended the puijlic school. Steioart Gillmor, a native of Ireland, was born July 27, 1832. His father, Stewart Gillmor, came to Scott County in April, 1847, and settled at Long Grove, Wintield Township. The subject of this memoir was reared on a farm, and attended the common schools of his native country. When he came to Scott ('ounty, it was yet in its infancv. The red men still inhabited t!ie country, and wild game was to be found in abundance. !Mr. Gillmor settled on sec- tion 18, Wintield Township in 1856; from there removed to Allen's Grove Township in 1867. He owns 337 acres of pi-airie and 40 acres of timl)er land, and is an extensive farmer and stock-raiser. His marriage took ]ilace in 1859 to Mary A. Connor, of Canada, and daughter of John Connor, an early settler of Scott County. They have been blessed with seven children, six surviving — John, Maggie J., Rebecca E., Willie L., Hugh II., Frank E., and Isaac Fen ton. Nelson Orace, a respected old settler of Scott County, residing on section 7, Allen's Grove Township, was born in Tomkins Co., N. Y., Dec. 12, 1823, and is a son of Michael Grace, a native of Hamp- 938 HISTORY OF SCOTT COtTNTT. ton Co., Fa. Mr. Grace was brought up on his father's farm, and had no other educational advantages, save the old-fashioned subscription school. He came with his parents to Huron Co., Oiiio, in 1836, and there resided on a farm until 1S41, when he came to this county and settled where he now resides. The land was raw prairie and the country wild. There was but one bridge between his place and Davenport, which was a rude structure made of poles, across Mud Creek. He was married April 30, 1S48, to Miss Sarah J. Ross, a native of Ohio, and daughter of James H. Koss. They have six children — James, William, Cordelia, Eva, Albert and David. All are married but James and David. Our subject owns 200 acres in the home place and 52^ acres in Clinton County. Mr. and Mrs. Grace are members of the Christian church. Thomas J. Graham was horn in Columbianii Co., Ohio, Dec 25, 1833, and was a son of John and Mary (Townsend) Graham. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. He moved toGihnan, 111., in 18T7, and to Dixon, Allen's Grove Town- ship, Scott County, in 1878. He was married in 1871 to Rachel B. Arnold, who was born in Williams Co., Ohio, of J. W. and Eunice Arnold, 7iee Stockwell. Mr. Graham served his country three years and four months in the late war as a member of the 19th Ohio, 13th Iowa, and the 1st Ohio Heavy Artillery. Partic- ipated in the battles of Rich Mountain, Shiloh and others. Mr. and Mrs. Graham established a millinery store and sewing ma- chine agency in Dixon in 1878, and have met with flattering suc- cess in their line of business. James Greig was born in Scotland, Jan. 10, 1826, and is a son of John Greig, who emigrated to Canada in 1834. Our subject was brought up on a farm and educated in the Canadian public schools. He came to Cedar Co., Iowa, in 1864, where he farmed and dealt in fine-bred imported horses. Mr. Greig was the first to bring a Clydesdale horse across the Mississippi. He has been across the Atlantic three times to purchase fine horses. He now has four imported horses, two in Cedar County and two in Dixon. He also has one blooded horse. He came to Dixon in April, 1881. Mr. Greig was married in December, 1846, to Jeanette Chisholm, by whom he had eight children — John, Mary, Jane, William, Eliza- beth, Ann and Jeanette. One son, James, died at 25. James t . GreU, Justice of the Peace of Allen's Grove Township, was born in llolstein, Germany, March 10, 1839, and is a son of Egert Grell. Early in life he learned the wagon-maker's trade. He came to Allen's Grove Township in 1862, and purchased his brother's wagon shop in the Grove, which he conducted until 1S7S, since wliich time he has been engaged in farming and rais- ing stock. He was married in March, 1862, just before leaving Germany, to Margaret Blumer, by whom he has had 10 children, eight living, viz.: Edward, Julius. Gustav, Dora, Emma, Minnie, Christ and Jennie. Mr. Grell held the office of township trustee for six years, and is the present justice of the peace. Allen's gkove township. 939 John Baa,^, dealer in liardware, stoves, and tinware, Dixon, established tliis business here in 1877, and is do! n^ a good business on a capital stock of $2,000. Kis annual sales amount to over $12,000. lie also keeps a full line of ]ninips and wooden-ware. He was born in Holstein, Gertnany, Aug. 12, 1840, and is a son of John Haas, lie came to Davenport in 1867, where he learned the tinner's trade. In 1871 he went to Chicago and worked there two years. In 1873 he went to Austin, Texas, and in 1874 returned to Ciiicagi) ; in 1875. he went to Washington Heights, near Chi- cago, and established a liardware store. He came to Dixon in 1877, and soon afterward erected the store building which he now occupies. Mr. Haas is a member of tiie A. O. U. W., of Dixon. In connection with his otiier business lie manufactured barbed wire. John Hinrichson was born in Schleswig, Germany, Sept. 18, 1843. and is a son of Peter llinrichseu. He came to Scott County in 1864, and for the two first years worked by tlie month. He then fanned for himself until the spring of 1881, when he removed to Dixon, and estal)lished the Farmers' Hotel. He also keeps a stock of the best wines and liquors on hand, and a pool and billiard table for the amusement of his guests. His hotel is 56 x 68 feet, the main building being 32 x 40 feet, and two stories liigh. Mr. Hinrichsen was married in 1866 to ifargaret llensen, by whom he had four children, three li\ing — Peter. Mary, and Anne. i\Irs. II. died ill 1873. He again married, in 1873. to WillielininaWulf, by whom he has three children — Henry, Willy, and Johnnie. Henry JarchotL\ proprietor of a general store at Dixon, was born in Mecklenburg, Germany. Came to Davenport in 1854, and there resided for two years, when he removed to Butler Townsliij). which is still liis residence. He married Dora Brocknian, by whom he has six children- — William. Henry. Louie J.. Theodore, Herman and Lena. The son. Louie J., had cliarge of the store in Dixon, and i8 doing a good business, with a capital stock of $7,000. They carry a full line of everything usually kept in a iirst-elass general store. Louie was born July 1, 1858, in Butler Townsliip. this county. He was brought up on his father's farm and educated in Bryant & Stratton's College, of Daven])ort. Theodore also assists in tiie store. He was born Sept. 21, 1859. Peter J. Ketehen,oi German nativity, was born. in Holstein, Ger- many, JVIarcii 15, 1849. His father is Thomas Ketelsen, a native of Germany, and now a resident of Dixon. The subject of this record received a good education in Germany, wiiere he was married, in 1871, to Christina Tomson. Their married life was blessed with the following children — Willie, Mary, Julius, Theodore. Maty and Minnie. Mr. Ketelsen resides in Allen's Grove Township, where he is the possesser of a fine farm of 160 acres. He is extensively engaged in agricultural pursuits and stock-breeding. Geo. W. King, the subject of this sketch, is entitled to more than a passing notice in our county history. He is a native of Cay- 94rO UI8T0EY OF SCOIT COUNTY. uga Co., N. Y., and was born June 3, 1835. His father, George W. King, Sr., was a native of the same county. Mr. King was reared on a farm and had no other educational advantages except those furnished bv the common schools. He moved to Tioga Co., Pa., with his parents, in 1845. Between the ages of 17 and 25 years, he worked at the carpenter's trade. In 1856 he came to Scott County, where he has since resided. He was married July 23, 1861, to Miss Matilda Harman, daughter of George Harman. They have 10 children, viz. : Helen M., Ebenezer, Eliza, George B., "Wendell P.. Catharine M., John, Horace G., Benjamin B. and Lucinda. Mr. King settled in Allen's Grove Township, on his arrival in the county, and has ever since resided here. He has iilled every office in the townshi]) except tliose of assessor and clerk. He has been justice of the peace for the past eight years. Mr. King's grandfether, Ebenezer King, was General Washington's private cook during the war of the Revolution. The papers to verify this statement are still in existence. And our sub- ject's brother Ebenezer was a soldier in the 2d Iowa Cavalry during the Rebellion, and died in Andersouville ])rison. Another brother, James H. King, now of Benton Co., Im., was in the 17th Iowa Inf , and accompanied Sherman on his noted march to the sea. Henry Luthrop was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., Jan. 10, 1808. His father, Isaac Lathrop, was also a native of Xew York. Mr. Lathrop was brought uj) to hard work on his father's farm, and attended a subscri])tion school in a log shanty, which had a log out of one side for a window, and a huge tire-place in one end. He sat on a slab bench, and wrote on a board, which was fastened to the wall by means of wooden pins. When yet a small boy his Sarents removed with their family to Hamilton Co., Ohio. In 1835 [r. Lathrop came to Indiana, where he farmed until 1844, when he came to Scott County, and settled on sectinn 33, Allen's Grove Township. Ho entered this land, which consisted of 160 acres. Since that time he has added to it, until he now owns 240 acres He was married Dec. 1, 1831, to Hannah, daughter of Robert Harvey. They have had five children, four of whom living — David, Jane, Harriet and Mary. All are married. TfiQS. Lock was born in Sommersettshire, England, Oct. 7, 1823, son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Beck) Lock, natives of the same shire. In the spring of 1854 Mr. Lock immigrated to Massa- chusetts, wliere he worked as a farm hand for one year, and the following year came to Scott County, where he worked as a la- borer until 1866. when he came to Allen's Grove, and located on section 34, where he now resides, and is engaged in genei-al tanning. He has 35 acres of land, highly cultivated, and valued at S75 per acre. He was married in October, 1861, to Miss Elizabeth Wise, a daughter of Peter Wise, a native of Pennsylvania. She was born in Trumble Co., Ohio. The fruit of this marriage was eight children, three of whom are living. Mrs. Lock is a member of the Christian church. Allen's okove township. 941 Johnson Maw, one of tlie pioneers of Scott County, was born in Yorkshire, England, March 27. 1814, and was a son of Robert and Mary (Gelder) Maw. Johnson was educated in the select schools of England, lie immigrated to the United States in 1S31. Oper- ated in a clothing and tailoring establishment in New York City until 1837, then went to Buflalo Co., 111., where he was engaged in farming some two years, lie came to Scott County and located on section 23, Allen's Grove Township, in 1839. This was on the Black Hawk purchase, ills marriage with Julia A. Thompson occurred July 30, lS-t3. She was a daughter of John E. Thomp- son, who came fruui Virginia to Allen's Grove Township in 1838. Mr. and Mrs. Maw's married life has been blessed with 10 chil- dren, viz. : Mary E., Tiiomas B., John E., George P., Sarah H., J. Fred., Eliza J., Ella A., Steven A. and James M. Mr. Maw is townsiiip trustee and lias held that office many years. He was president of the District Agricultural Society of Mount Joy, three years, and has held the office of school director, and other positions. lie has been active in the advancement of education. The present school-house, a magniticent structure, is the result of liis labors. Mr. ]Vlaw has been a resident of this county nearly 50 years; and has watched her growth from her infancy, and now can point with pride to the successful conclusion of his own and others' efforts in converting Scott County from a backwoods settlement into a flourishing and prosperous county. J. D. McCormick, an enterprising young merchant of Dixon, established a general store in Eldridge, April 20, 1874, where he continued in business until Dec. 8, 1872. While at Eldridge he was township clerk for Sheridan township for five yeirs, and was postmaster there also; and is virtually the postmaster there yet, as no one has been a])pointed in his stead. lie also taught school while at Eldridge, employing a clerk to run the store. In Decem- ber, 1879, he established a ijeneral store in Di.xon. His business is good, and steadily increasing. He carries a capital stock of $6,000, and does an annual business of $16,000. He was born in AVheeling, West Ya., June 26, 1850, and is a son of James McCor- mick, of Montezuma, Iowa. He came with his parents to Monte- zuma in 1855, where he was brought up arid educated. He came to this county in 1871. Was iiiarried Sept. 9, 1874, to Miss Agnes May Yinall. by whom he has one child — Koscoe DjIos. Mr. McCormick is a member of the A. O' U. W., of Dixon. E. S. Newton was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Feb. 2, 1827. His father, Samuel Newton, was a luttive of New Hainjishire. E. S. Newton came to Washtenaw Co., Mich., in 1829; from there went to (Clinton Co., Iowa, in 184S, where he conducted a hotel until 185s, when he came to this county and located in Allen's Grove. In the spring of the following year, he purchased 307 acres in section 20, wliere lie now resides; besides his farm he owns 50 acres of timber laud. He formed the acquaintance of Harriett E. Lathrop, of Ohio, which resulted in their marriage 942 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Oct. 13, 1852. To them have been born seven children, four sur- viving — Sadie M. (now Mrs. King), Ellsworth E., Carrie M. and Jessie L. The subject of this record is a member of the A. O. U. W. Lodge, also of the F. & A. Masons. He has been county supervisor seven years, justice of the peace two years, trustee, and has held other township offices. He is classed among the respon- sible and able men of the county. Claus Rohwer, one of the most eminently successful farmers in Scott County, resides on section 26, Allen's Crrove Township, where he settled in 1853, and "kept bach" for i ne year. He was born in Holstein, Germany, Dec. 22, 1819, and was a son of Carson Rohwer, deceased. In 1S4S he emigrated to tliis county by way of New York, Albanj', Bulialo, and the great lakes to Chicago, thence by land to Davenport the same year. He worked at various occupations for four years in and around Davenport, previous to settling upon his farm. He was married March 3, 1854, to Margaret Kahler, by whom he hud seven children, live living — Mary, Jette, Sopliia, Henry C. and Ernst. Mr. Kohwer owns 1,161 acres ot valuable land, all of which he has obtained by his own industry. As a stock-raiser he has been very successful. He aids in the establishment of schools and churches, and otlier worthy enterprises; and is a useful and responsible member of society. John R. Senders is a native of Greene Co., Ind., born Feb. 4, 1827. Pie is a son of J. B. and Sarah (Dixon) Sanders; the former, a silversmith by trade, was born on the Yadkin River, near Guilford, N. C, Court House, and the latter in Athens, Georgia. In 1833 removed with his familv to Missouri, and settled between where Kansas City now stands and Independence, in a cabin with no tloor except the bare ground. They were in destitute circum- stances, in the midst of the Mormon war, and the mother sick. They went from there to Clay Co., Mo., and resided in an old school-house. While there, the father and one of the boys died. In 1839 the family returned to Indiana, and in 1849 our subject came to Scott County, and worked by the month on Hoosier Ridge until the tall of that year, when he went on a tint-boat to St. Lmiis. He has crossed Illinois three times on hor.-:eback, once on a stage, and once witli an ox team. When in Missouri lie gathered walnuts and acorns where Kansas City now stands. When he arrived in Scott County he had a horse and one suit of clothes. He went to work in earnest; rented 40 acres of land in Pleasant Valley Township, and afterward bought more. He recently bought 200 acres of land in and adjacent to Dixon, a great deal of which he has laid into town lots. He deals extensively in lumber, live stock, and farm machinery. It caii be truthfully said that Mr. Sanders ha* virtually made Dixon what it is to-day, for others tried to build it up hut have failed. The Dixon elevator was built through his exertions and is an honor to the town. Mr. Sanders lias a partner in the person of W. F. Reed, who has done much to allbn's okove township. 943 build up their business. Mr. Reed is an accomplislied, stirring business man, and a native of England. Mr. Sanders was mar- ried on the anniversary of WasliiMi;t Alto, Birminghatn (where he barely escaped being taken prisoner). Cold Water, Panola, C()fFeeville, Granada, Okolona, West Point and Jackson, Tenn. He was married March 23, 1865, to Julia R. Graham, daughter, of Thomas Graham, who came to Scott County about 1858. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder have four children, William M., Thcinias S., Mary S. and Jessie G. On June 5, 1880, all of the out-buildings on Mr. Snyder's ])lace were demolished by a cyclone. The barn was entirely new, had never been used. He soon rebuilt the barn, and made it 36x48 feet. He has the finest rock quarry in Scott County. It lies on the banks ot the Wapsipinecon River. It lies in a strata of from six inches to five feet in thickness, and is the very best building stone, yellow in color. 944 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Samuel W. Standish, a son of David Standisli, a native of Warren, Lincoln Co., Me., was born at that place Oct. 10, 1818. His boyhood days were spent on his father's farm and in attending the district schools. He learned the blacksmith's trade when quite young and worked at that until 1840, when he went by water route to Mobile, Ala., thence to St. Louis. Hearing rumors of high wages being paid in Burlington, Ja., to blacksmiths, he went there, but only to tind them ftilse. In June, 1843, he began to peddle fannins mills and other articles. He canvassed the States of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Teimessee, Mississippi and Iowa. He was in Des Moines, la., when it was but a small village; the old block house was still there. In the fall of 1854 he came to Allen's Grove Township, where he is now engaged in farming and stock-raising. His farm of 120 acres on section 19 is under good improvement and thoroughly stocked. He was married to ]Mary E. Wriglit, of Philadelphia. June 3, 1860. To them were born the following named children: Hannah, Sadie, Kate, Simon, John, Esther and one deceased. James Stephens was born in Carroll Co., O., Dec. 23, 1815. He was educated in the old-time log school-house of his boyhood days. In 1843 his father's family and three other families started for Iowa in a keel boat down the Ohio River. They left one family in charge of the boat and cargo at the mouth of the Ohio, while the other three took a steamer for LeClaire's Point to reconnoiter. Mr. Stephens succeeded in getting a house for his family. They located in Allen's Grove Township, where he entered 80 acres of unbroken land. He now owns 147 acres of finely cultivated land, lie was married to Hannah Peterson, and by her had two children — Jennie and Sarah. His wife died, and he was married the second time to Angeline Ross, June 5, 1849. By this union there M'ere five children, two living — Emma and Patti. Being left a widower the second time, he was married again in 1867 to Charlotte Allen, now deceased. Mr. Stephens has held the office of justice of the peace for the past 11 years. He was postmaster at Allen's Grove for some time, and has held other local positions of trust. ^Vesley B. Stephens is a native of Carroll Co.. O., and was born Oct. 20, 1836. His father, William Stephens, was born June 24, 1793, in Fayette Co., Pa. He came to Carroll Co., O., in 1807, and settled where Carrollton now stands. He grubbed the first tree there, and helped build the first log-cabin, where now stands a populous city. He came to Allen's Grove, with his family, in 1844, which was then a comparatively wild conntr3'. He died at the age of 85, and lies in the Allen's Grove Cemetery. Our sub- ject was reared on his father's farm, and attended a subscription school in the winter seasons, and afterward attended the public schools and obtained a fair education. For six years he taught school in Scott County; afterward gave his attention to farming until 1872, when he became postmaster of the Allen's Grove post- office, and at that time purchased the Allen's Grove store, which Allen's grove township. 945 he still owns and runs. He also superintends the farm. He was married May 28, 1863, to Elizabetii Mains, a native of Tuscarawas Co., O., and daughter of David Mains, of Iron Co., Mo. They have had six children, of whom live are living, viz. : Elbert B.. Robert C, Orpha A.. Jennie M. and Charlej'. Mr. Stephens held the office of township clerk for several years; was secretary of the Township School Board for 20 years, assessor four years, and was enumerator of the census in 1880. J. Thomas Swearlngeti, a prominent school-teacher of Dixon, was born in Richland Co., O., March 1, 1854, and is a son of George Svvearingen, a native of Brook Co., W. Va. He was reared on a farm, and educated at Cornell College, of Mt. Vernon, Iowa. He came with his parents to Southern Illinois when but a small boy, and to this county in 1806. He began teaching in IST.), in which he has since continued, except one year, which time he clerked in Binford's drug store, in Dixon. He was married Nov. 13, 1S79, to Miss Einma J., daughter of Casper Filson, of Tipton, Iowa. Mrs. Swearingen is also a successful teacher. Mr. S. is financier of the A. O. U. W., at Dixon. Isaac Wlney, deceased, was a native of Union Co., Pa., and was born in February, IS 12. He was brought up on a farm, but at an early age he learned the stone-mason's trade. He took contracts for the masonr}' on railroads, and also built many locks on the different canals. He came to Davenport in the fall of 1852, and to Allen's Grove in 1853, where he engaged in farming and stock- raising, until his death, which occurred June 30, 1877. He mar- ried Miss Mary Watts, of Pennsylvania, daughter of Samuel Watts. They had 12 children, 10 living — Isabel, David, Johnson, Benjamin. Sarah A., Lucian, Susan C, Samuel A., Jerome and Caroline M. One son, Thomas, died in his country's service, in the late war. He was a member of the Second Iowa Inf., and in attempting to save his life by swimming to eliore when the vessel on which he was a passenger was thought to be in danger of being lost by an explosion of her boilers, he was drowned. Lucian was also a soldier in that war, in the Second Iowa Cavalr3% BLUE GRASS TOWNSHIP. The township of Blue Grass comprises all oftownsliip 7S north, of range 2 east of the prin-ipal meridian. It is nearly all prairie land. The notable groves are Little's, Picayune and Blue Grass Point; the latter has been all cut oif and grubbed out, and the others have but very little large timber now standing. Some young burr-oak timber is growinu' in two or three places in the southeast part of the township. The surf:ice is undulating, and the soil a deep, rich black loam. Tlie township is all now under cultivation. The C, R. I. & P. R. E. runs through the northern part of it. The water shed is in sections 19, 30, 31, 32, 33, 3i, and through the northern tier of sections in the township. From these two sheds the water flows to all points of the compass. The name of the township originated as follows : An old and long- used Indian trail leading from Davenport to Moscow and the Cedar River passed by a point of timber on section 31. This point seems to have been used by them as a favorite camping place, and with their ponies they killed the prairie grass, which there grew luxuriantly. In its stead sprang up blue grass, and the place was ever afterward known as Blue Grass Point. AYhen a postoffice was established in tiie neighborhood, it was given the name of Blue Grass, and the township was also so named. EAKLT SETTLERS Rufus L. Catlin settled on section 31, in 1S39 ; and in the spring of 1839 he rented a small cabin three miles distant from his con- templated home in Muscatine County, and then built a rail pen on his claim, and took his daughter Louisa to keep house for him, leaving his family in the cabin in Muscatine County. His daughter was then but 11 years of age, but was able to attend to all the household work ol that humble pioneer home. The cooking was done in primitive style on the ground, but many strangers were entertained by herself and father while the better cabin was being erected. The latch string was always out. In a few weeks the walls of the new log house were up, half the roof on, and enough floor laid to set a bed on, when the familv moved into it. The house was in tliis untinislied condition when the child Almira, the flrst in the township, was horn. The little 11 year old house- keeper is still living, and is the wife of S. C. Dorsey. Rufus L. Catlin was born in New York, and is of English descent. He married Cynthia Lewis, by whom he had six (946) BLUE GRASS TOWNSHII'. 947 children, three of whom are yet livino; — Louisa, Almira, ami Henry. A son, llufus B., died in Indianapolis, Ind., May '20, 1878, at the age of 39; a daughter, Anninda, died May 1, ISiS, aged 13; Leander, when a small boy. Mr. Catliu died June 20, 1875, in Kansas City, where he removed in 1865. Ciiarles and George Metteer settled on section 33, April, 1839, and by many are considered the tirst settlers in the township. Joseph Wallace settled on section 31, 1837. He was drowned in Iowa Kivir, near Iowa t^ity, some years ago. His family resides now near Iowa City. Mr. Yates, from Illinois, came in 1837 and located on section 31, He left the county in 1837, and went back to Illinois, and while there sold his claim to John L. Sry. Robert and Peter Wilson, bachelor brothers, from Scotland, first settled in Cedar County, and then in Blue Grass Township, Scott County, about 1839. They located on section 32. Among tlie other early settlers were Samuel and Francis Little, Alexaider and Horace Uunlap, Henry Siuitt, James Grant, Peter and Robert Wilson, Robert Burnside. John I^. Sri/, one of the early settlers, was born in Athens, now Vinton Co., Oliio, Sept. 8, 1802. He was reared on a farn. and ed- ucated in the common schools. He was married to Celinda Lewis in 1830, wlio was born in Bedford Co., Pa., Se])t. 13, 1812, and moved to Athens Co., Ohio, with her mother at an early date. From this union there were five children — Randolph, born Sept. 8, 1831; Phcehe M., born A]>ril IS, 1833; Lucinda, burn September, 183-i; Alvin, barn March, 1837; John L., born Jan. 1, 18il. Mr. Sry improved a farm in Vinton County, which he sold in 1836, and the following spring emigrated to Missouri, stopping about 50 miles from St. Louis; not liking tlie country in that neighborhood, nor the pratice of slave-holding, he continued his journey to Knox Co., 111., where a distant relative and an old friend were liviiiir, and in the fall of that year bought a farm near Knoxville. Here he met Joseph Wallace, a young man wiio had just returned from Scott Co., Iowa, who gave such a glowing account of the country that he decided to sell his tarm so lately purchased and move to Iowa. Accordingly he did so, and landed at Butl'alo, Scott County in April of 1838, settling upon a claim which he had bought of ^Ir. Yates. He planted a crop of about 10 acres of corn on land broken the previous year, on section 31. He lived in a log cabin on section 6, Buft'alo Township, which was erected in 1837. He at once went to work to improve the remainder of his land and fenced 40 acres of it. He planted some sod corn, and in 1838 sowed some fall wheat, the tirst probably sown in Blue Grass Township. The crop was a success, and others were induced to sow f;ill wheat the next fall. But the crop proved a failure, as did several other succeeding crops, and the attempt to raise fall wheat on tlie prairies has been almost entirely abandoned. In the winter of 1839-'40 Mr. Sry built a frame for a house, and in the spring 948 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. of 1840 sold it to A. W. Campbell, who removed it to his farm and completed its erection. In 1838 Mr. Sry owned spring wheat which yielded a large crop of choice quality. In the cutting ofthis crop the old cradie, long since given away to the reapers and self-binders of to-day, and the old hand scythe were used. On March 23,1840, he attended the first land sales in Iowa, Burlington, and entered liis timber land in Buffalo Township. He was attacked with ma- larial fever while stacking wheat for Capt. Morehouse, near Buffalo, from which he died on the 6th day of August, 1840, and was buried on the land he had entered the previous spring. Andrew Ganipbell was born near Cincinnati, Ohio, June 30, 1802. His father emigrated to Jefferson Co., Ind., when he was an infant, where he grew up to manhood. Two months at school is all, it is said, he ever attended; was self-educated. He was married to Lncv B. Foster Feb. 17, 1S22, who was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., Dec. 28, 1802. Emigrated with her parents to Jeffer- son Co., Ind., about 1818. From this union there were 11 children, six of whom are now living — J. F.. now living in Ciiicago., 111.; Geo. R., of Yreka, Cal.; Andrew W., Jr., Maryville, Cal. ; David F., living in Tama County; Culver W., living in Miiscatine County, near the old homestead, and Alena, living in Union County, the wife of Mr. C. S. Stryker. While living at Vernon, Ind., he was engaged as a farmer, ran a saw-mill, kept a hotel, a merchant and stock- dealer, and successfully ran a flat-boat loaded with provisions to and for sale in the New Orleans market. Emigrated to Scott County in 1836 and settled in Buffalo Township. Im- proved a farm, set out some apple-trees that year, " the first in that township," so says Joseph Mounts who preceded Mr. Camp- bell a year to Buffalo Township. He resided there until the spring ot 1841, when he moved into Blue Grass Township, having pur- chased a claim of "the Baker boys," in section 31, in 1840, on which was located Blue Grass Point. This move was made in the interest of health for his family, who had frequent attacks of malarial fevers while on the river farm. While there he suffered the loss by death of his father, mother and oldest daughter, who was a highly es- teemed young lady, in her 17th year at the time of her death. The river farm was sold to Henrj- Morehead, who stil! owns and resides on it. In 1840 he erected the first frame house in Blue Grass Township, which is still in use as a farm house. He freque!itlv joined hunting parties who roamed over a great portion of Eastern Iowa. In one of these tours with Willard Barrows, late of Daven- port, they very nearly perished from cold and want of provisions, being overtaken by a severe snow-storm while a long distance from any settlement. It is said that he and Joseph Mounts were con- sidered by the pioneer settlers as a standing board of arbitration to settle their disputes; their ffndings were so well considered and just that they gave good satisfaction and were accepted as final. In business transactions his word was considered as good as a note or bond, and was always promptly honored. He is deserving of more 1^ ei^-tf. cC %..^-^/^r.^^-^^ ■ur BLUE GRASS TOWNSHIP. 951 than this sliort sketch. By his great modesty in speaking of himself many interesting incidents have been lost. His cool determination, great courage and cnerg}' is deserving of careful consideration. In 1844: he was elected a delegate to the first Constitutional Convention, which assembled at Iowa City, on tlie first Monday of October of that year, for the purpose of framing a constitution for the State. In the spring of 1S46. in company with his sons, J. F. and George R., Henry Parr. C. M. Burt and Randolph Sry, went to Fort Dcs Moines, the "New Purchase," as it was then known in Polk County, for the purpose of making claims, which they did, near Polk City, which has since been built. J. F. and Henry Parr became dissatisfied and returned home at once; the others remained until late in June. He made frecjuent trips to the pineries in Wis- consin where he remained during the winters getting outlogs, which lie sawed into lumber and rafted and run down the river in the spring. In the spring of 1S50, in company with L. S. Blackman, now of Davenport, and one other whose name is forgotten, they started overland for California. ^Yllile in camp at Conncil Bluffs the emigrants formed themselves into a protective company and adopted rules to be enforced during their overland journey. These rules did not suit him, therefore he and his comraaes divided their provisions and teams, and one horse ^nd light wagon fell to his share. He thtn purchased two mules and started alone, going as he pleased among the great train of emigrants that passed over the plains that year. He walked most, if not all of the way, mak- ing the journey in unusually quick time. He slept on the ground under his wagon, while his faithful dog guarded him. He was often heard to say that he felt as safeas if his comrades were around him. He returned home in the fall of that year in comjiany with his sou Geo. R. , who had gone overland to California in 1849. He was engaged in improving several farms until the spring of 1853 when he equipped a train of five teams, and in company with his daughter Mary (the wife of RossMcCloud who had preceded her to California) and about 20 others with whom he had contracted to furnish trans- portation lor the journey, started overland a second time for Cali- fornia. He was taken sick while e?i 7'oute and died on Green River, where he was buried July 22 of the same year. His daughter, Mary, took charge of the train and successfully conducted it to its destination. In politics. Democrat. He was active, very energetic, of an amiable disposition, a deep thinker, broad views, possessed of a high order of intellect, a good conversationalist an affec- tionate husband and father. James W. Eeifnold settled on section 32, in 1845, from Muscatine, formerly came from Philadelphia, Penn., a mill wright by occupa- tion: was one of the proprietors of the village of Bine Grass. He organized the first Sunday-school in the neighborhood in 1845 at the old log school-house on section 5, Buffalo Township, which was well attended for several years, and was its superintendent. He raised a family of six cliiidren — Joseph and James, in Cali- 55 962 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. foraia; Mary, the wife of John Daughertj, of Poweslieik Co.; Ellen died quite young; Ann and Benj.tmin, in Adams Co. He emio-rated to California in 1S63 where he died several years a<(o. His wife still resides there with her Snu Joseph. William Todd, a bachelor, came from Muscatine County in 1843, formerly from Scotland; was in the employ of Gen. Geo. B. Sari^^ent for many years; went to Colorado in 185S, where he re- mained several years, doing well financially. He set out to visit his brothers in Australia. He was taken sick at Salt Lake, Utah, and had all of his money stolen from him. He returned to Colorado and was killed in 1877', by being caught in the machinery of a quartz mill. Daniel B. Sham came from Cincinnati, Ohio, and settled in Davenport in ISiO; by occupation a brick-maker and mason. After keeping a hotel for several years, purchased the Sprague claim on section 31, and other lands adjoining it in 1845, im- proved it, and in the spring of f 846 moved his family out to it. In the fall of that year he made and burned a kiln of brick, the first made in the township. In the summer of 1847 he built a brick residence, the first of the kind in the township, which is still in use. He sold his farm to Geo. Purcell in 1851, and moved to Buffalo Township; made valuable improvements on a farm which he sold in 1867 or '8, and later moved to Guthrie County, where a part of his family had preceded him. He died there several years ago. Henry W. Lewis left the home of his widowed mother early in his teens; went to Smyrna, N. Y., where he learned the black- smith's trade; came to Scott County about 1840; worked a while at his trade in Rockingham. In the spring of 1842 he opened the first blacksmith shop in Bhie Grass Township. He died of typhoid fever at the residence of Mrs. Sry, Sept. 9, 1845. It is well for history to do what loving linnils are deprived of doing, putting on marble to perpetuate his memory. John Perrin settled on section 31 in 1843. He purchased the farm of Cyrus Field; came from Muscatine County, formerly from Indiana. At his residence religious meetings were frequently held. From 1848 to '54 these meetings were he'd almost every Sundav, and many revivMl meetings were held during the winter evenings. Was one of the proprietors of the village. Eaised a very large family of children, and lived to see or know of his great- grtat-grand-children, and many old friends think that a fourth generation of grand children was born before his death, which oc- curred in 18 — , and 'supposed to be nearly 90 years old. His wife survived him a few years and was about 93 at the time of her death. Benjamin Johnson came to Buffalo Township in 1838 from Jen- nings Co., Ind. Returned in the summer of 1843 and married Elizabeth Brown, Sept. 28 of tluit year, and immediately started overland in a covered wagon with his young bride. On his return BLUE GRASS TOWNSHIP. 963 to Scott County, wlule fording the Wabash River his team got into deep water, became entangled in the iiarness, and all of the party (four persons) narrowly escaped drowning. This journey may be termed as their bridal tour. lie settled on section 30 in 1845. From this union there were seven children, three of whom are now living — ^Euretta, tlie wife of Henry Ilo^an, of Davenport; Frederick 0., and Maggie, tlie wife of L. S. Robinson, living on the homestead. He has now a good and well-improved farm of 320 acres. Asa Foster settle 1 in Buffalo Township in 1839, from Indiana; moved into Blue Grass Township in 1840; was the first post- master in the town-hi]); was elected county commissioner in 1816 and re-elected in 1S48. Tiiere are but tiiree of his family now liv- ing — Elizabeth wife of John I). Brown, of Jasper Co. ; Gaben, a pliysican of St. LduIs, Mo.; and W. A., an attorney of Davenport. He died at his home in 1855; is deserving of more thaft this short sketch. Franklin Eady settled in Rockingham in 1837; moved into Blue Grass Township in or about 1841 ; improved a large farm and sold it to Wm. McGarvoy in 1S48, and emigrated to Wisconsin. Dr. Li/man C rrpenter settled in Blue Grass Township in 1845, from Muscatine County, formerly from Indiana. He was the first pliysician who settled in the t iwnship; was a minister of the Baptist church. He took a great interest in passing events, in religion, temperance, education and politics. He raised a large famdy; was a son-in-law of Juhn Perrin. He denigrated to Cali- fornia in 18*30 where he and his wife died many years ago. Ilcnry Gahhert c&mn to Buffalo Township «ith his pnrents in 1837. He purchased and improved a farm iiiBlueG a-s Township in 1843 or '4; was mari'icd to Eliza McCiarvoy in 1848 or '9; has m.ade his mark as a good farmer. Robert Humphrey settled on section 35 in 1839, from Indiana. He organized and superintended a Sunday school in 1845, at the old log school-hou.'^e in section 3 in Buffalo Township. It was fairly attended, but did not survive long. He raised a family of seven children — John II. lives in Monron County; Eliza lives in Lucas County; James H., in Powedieik County; Mary, the wife of Wm. Moss, died many yeirs ago; George died quite young; Ann, now the wife of Wra. Lewis, of Muscatine Countv, and William, an attorney in Wright County. His wife dit-d ovir a year ago. He was a good, quiet, energetic farmer, agri cable disposition, well known and liked by many old and other setth'rs. He is now living with ills son James 11., a quite well preserved old gentleman of about 84 years of age. Abel Sprague settled in section 31 in the spring of 1836, and was the first settler in Blue Grass Township. He came from New York and started on hi- n-turn to that State in 1845. It is said that lie stopped in Illinois. His wife brought here as a flower- seed what she called " bachelor button," but which has proved to 954 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. be tlie very obnoxious weed growing all over the "Black Hawk purchase," and perhaps in most all of the Western States. It is variously known as " niggar pepper," "cotton weed," on account of its tough bark, etc. Its true name is Indian Mallow. "When a Held is once well seeded with it, it is almost impossible to get rid of them. FIEST GUN. Mr. Foster, the Whii; candidate for county commissioner, handed us the following little article tor publication accompanied by a goodly slice of Father Bruin, which we pronounce superior to one of Moore's best sirloins. We hope Mr. Foster will run as well and as successfully in the political chase as he did in the following chase which he so well describes: Blue Grass. Scott County, Oct. 14, 1846. Mr. Sanders: — Between 12 and 1 o'clock of this day, a very large bear passed my house within a few rods of the door. Hav- ing a horse at hand ready for the cha^e, I procured a shot gun — no other being at hand, and thus equipped I pui'sued old Bruin a mile and a half, which brought me up with the object of my pursuit. Not thinking it prudent to attack with small shot I com- menced calling for lielp, which soon brought young Mr. Humphrey to my assistance with a rifle and a few dogs. AVe then commenced tiring upon the bear, wl.ich gave a running light for about half a mile througli a corii-tield, after which he ascended a tree on the premises of Mr. Gabbert. At tliis time we were joined by two or three more good Wliigs, and then, you may be sure, we had fine sport. The eleventh discharge took efiect and laid the bear dead. His weight was supposed to be 300 gross; the net weight 214 pounds; hide weighed 34 pounds. The animal measured eight feet in length when stretched. While in the act of dressing our prize some lialf dozen of our Democratic friends came up. It appeared that they had got a glimpse of the beast, but were un- successful in pursuit. We claim a Whig victory, which we trust is a prelude to a more glorious one on the 26th. RELIGIOUS. The settlers of Blue Grass Township first held services in 1839 at the residence of Mr. Berringer, at the funeral of his wife. There are now three churches in the township, tlie Baptist, Pres- byterian and Methodist. The first church edifice was erected in the township in 1853 or '4 on section 3 by the Presbyterian denomi- nation. It was used for several years, then sold and moved away. The Methodist Episcopal Church., of Blue Grass, was organized in the spring of 1859, b\' Bev. Friend. At the organization 42 persons were received as original members. The first relig- ious services of this church were held in the Baptist church of Blue Grass. The names of the first officers of the church were BLUE GRASS TOWNSHII". 955 as follows : George Percell, V. F. Nicholson, J. E. Btirnsido, D. Lyon, Jose]>li Mounts, William Joliiisoii, Thomas Vciiard, William F. Tolles. Durinij the same year the church erected their first house of M'orshi)) in liiue Grass, size of building, 20 x 30, and one story high, valued at §550. In 1870 it was removed to Cross Roads, where it is still used as a house of worship by thcM. E. society. Tlie present chui'ch was erected in 1879, during tiie pastorate of Rev. C. S. Jennis. It is a beautiful specimen of ar- chitecture, designed by tlie Rev. J. R. Reasnner. Size of audi- ence room, -to X -iti; parlor on south end, 20 x 20 ; height of ceiling, 20 feet; height of main spire, about 70 feet; heated by furnaces ; value of building, §4,000. present insurance on same, §2, 500. The first pastor was Rev. Friend, who served the congregation in that capacity for two years, from 1857 to 1859. During his services he conducted a revival which' resulted in the addition of -12 mem- bers to the ciiurch on ])robation. In 1859 Rev. A. Stryker be- came ])astor ;md stayed two years. He held a revival during bis stay which resulted in 43 conversions, 40 of whom joined the church on probation. In 1861 Rev. John Elrod served the churcli as pa>tor for one year. Rev. William Poston was the fourth pas- tor and continued with the church two years. In 1862 he was suc- ceeded by J. T. Coleman, who remained one j^ear and was then suc- ceeded by Rev. J. Harris in 1865. Rev. G. W. Barnford was the seventh oastor and staved witii the church two vears. O. P. Light took charge of the church in 1868 and remained two years, after which Rev. C. Morey came, in 1870. During his stay the congrega- tion enjoyed a revival; 112 were converted and 103 united with the church. In 1871, Rev. M. See became pistor and remained one year. In 1872 Rev. J. Pike began his services as psstor and remained two years. He was succeeded by J. B. Hardy in 1874 who als'> remained two years. In 1876 S. II. Thomas became pas- tor and stayed with the church three years; was then followed by C. S. Jennis as pastor in 1879 who remained with the congi'egation two years. W. H. Honit took charge of the church in 1881, and stayed one year. Rev. H. V. Tull is the pastor at the present time. He held a series of revival services beginning January 1 and continued nearly five weeks, at which a great deal of interest was manifested ; 40 confessed to ba converted, 30 united with the church on jirohation, and three by letter. Present officers : Class Leader, James E. Burnside; Stewards, Recording, J. Gadd; District, James E. Burnside, Thomas Cessna, John L. Coates; Trustees, James E. Burnside, Thomas Cessna, John L. Coates ; Benjamin Johnston, Thom is Yenard, James Mc Garvey. Those in full membershij) with the church, 59 ; probationers, 83; total, 92. The church is in a ])roi))erous condition and unity and peace i)r./vail. The Sunday-school of this church was organized Nov. 15,1870. First &u|>erint'indent, William Poston. Names ot present officers : Supt, Mrs. H. P. Tull ; Ass't. Supr.. Dr. B. T. Gadd ; Sec, Louise Fintel. Teachers, B. T. Gadd, Rev. H. V. 956 HISTORY OF SCOTT COTTNTi'. Till], Thomas Cessna, Mrs. F. Vanlew Mary Acton, Emma Fin- tel. Average attendance about 75. The Presbyterian Church was lirst organized in 1852, at the res- idence of the late Mary E. Robison, by James D. Mason. The original members were: James Wilson and wife, Robt. S. Wilson and wife, Robert Humphrey and wife, J. II. Robison and wife, Mary E. Robison. Officers : Elders, Robert S. Wilson, James H. Robison, Robert Humphrey. The first services were held by Rev. Enocli Meade at a school-house which stood on the northwest cor- ner of section 3, Buflialo Tovvnsliip. Pastors : Revs. Enoch Meade, Cleland, George Rav, William Shann, John M. Jones, J. D. Mason, Barclay, JSTott, "^Clark, A. N. Tanner, T. Hench, Williams, William Gay, Haskell. The church now numbers 31 members. The elders are Isaac Barnes, James Van Evera and Cortez Wilson. The trustees are John Barnes, James Van Ev- era and S. Anderson Robison. The Baptist Church of Blue Grass was. first organized on Aug. 30, 1845, at the house of John Benin, with the following named persons as charter members: John and Rachel Perrin, William and Catherine Daniels, Lyman and Abigail Carpenter, and Ezra Car- penter. Elder Morey delivered a discourse. Elder Smith then gave the right hand of fellowship and pronounced it the First Bap- tist Church of Blue Grass. The increase of members of the church soon became so great that the house of Jolm Perrin was too small to hold service in; accordingly the propiiety of building a new house of worship was considered, and a committee appointed to raise the necessary funds. After much delay the meeting-house was finished, and in August, 1854, the congregation met for the first time in their new church. As the}' had had to borrow $400 to complete their church, an appeal was made to the public for money topay the debt on the house, and the committee collected what they could from the members, charging each one according to the amount of his property. Unril 1849 the church was without a reg- ular pastor. Lyman Carpenter,licensed minister, occasionally spoke words cif cheer and comfort to them, while vai'ious traveling preach- ers ministered unto them. The church felt the need of having some one to break the bread of life to them. Accordingly Mr. Ly- man Carpenter was asked to accept an ordination, that he inioht more fnlly become their spiritual adviser. He did so, and through his influence many souls were added to the church. Tiie statistics of the church for 1858 areas follows: Baptized, S; received by letter, 7; by experience, 3; excluded, 2. The number of teachers in the Sabbath-school, 17; scholars, 100; volumes in the library, 420; membership of the cliuich, 58. In October, 1860, Mr. Car- penter after 15 years of earnest labor in the church, left there for California, leaving hehind him many warm friends and hearty well-wishers. The pastors who have been called to the church since then are Revs. E. M. Miles, G. W. Dowd, A. F. Sharpman, Oilman Parker, Mr. Goodwin, H. Holmes, A. C. Kelley, H. Will. BLUE GRASS TOWNSHIP. 957 iams and otlier.<. On Aug. 9, 1879, Rev. W. L. Ward was called to the cluii-cli. He stayed five iiioiitlis, and since tliat time tliey iiave had no preaching. The ])resent membership ot the church is 31. CEMETKRY. llie Blue Grafts Cemetery is located in section 5, near the village. It was tirst used a< a burial place at the death of Verba A. J'urn- sides.on tlie 5th day of Augu-t, 1840. It was laid out into lots by J. E. Burnsides, who owned the laud, about the year ISiO. and sold a great mmy lots to numer- ous parties. It was organized as the Blue Grass Cemeterj^ in 1872, as the law directs. It is well located, carefully cared for, nicely ornamented, contains many beautiful and costly monuments; in a word, a delightful city of the dead. VILLAGE OF BLUE GRASS. Blue Grass was laid out in 1853 by J. E. Burnsides, John Per- rin and .lames W. Reyn')lds, on sections 31 and 32. in Blue Grass Townshij), and sections 5 and 6 in Buffalo Towiishij). Tlie first {jostmaster was John Perrin, who held the office from 1849 until 16 was succeeded bv Mr. Cjlvin in 1853. Present incumbent, Dr. J. Gadd. The first store was opened by a merchant of Muscatine in 1852, and was succeeded by that of John Baker in the spring of 1853. The tirst blacksmith was Christ Meeke, in 1852. The first wagon- maker was Henry (ireebe, in 1853, who after remaining a few years moved to Nebraska, where he has since been hurnsides as su- perintendent, paid for by subscription from farmers, was sfdd to M. Donahue, who, after it had been run .several years by Wra. Neal, removed it to Davenport, and tliere rebuilt; was afterward sold to Johnston, who sold it to B jatty. It was burned several years ago. The second steam flouring mdl was erected in 1867 by Mr. Dor- man, which is now run by John Greenwald. 958 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. The present population is about 350. Tiic first brick in the neighborhood west of Davenport, in the county, was made by Ezra Carpenter in the summer of 1845, in a yard in section 6, now em- braced within the town limits. While the hands were digg;ing the clay out of the bank, when about six feet below the surface, they found the fossil remains of a mastodon; the tusks, teeth and some of the other bones were in a good state of preservation. The tusks resembled petrified hickory, and were estimated to be about 11 feet long. WALCOTT. Walcott was laid out in 1853, on sections 7 and S, by Cook & Sargent, and the first passenger train that ever run over the M. & M. Railroad carried a delegation to attend a sale of lots in the village. The first store was opened by F. W. Keferstein, who removed to Davenport in 1871. The postoffice was established in 1855, and its first [lostmaster was Mr. Keferstein, who was succeeded by Henry Sutton. Beriihard Schwarting is the incumbent. The first blacksmith was Samuel Benehofl'. The first harness shop was by Bock & Sears. A warehouse was built by the railroad company in 1855, and an elevator built by private enterprise in 1867. It is now owned by Stockdale & Dietz. It was originally 32 x 60 feet. It is now 32 X 8-4. The proprietors handle 400,000 bushels of grain annually. They also ship about 10,000 head of stock annually. The shipments at Walcott annually amount to 650 cars of grain, 500 cars of stock, and 100 cars of flour. There are now two large stores, two wagon shops, three blacksmiths, one agricultural implement, one stove and tin store, one butcher shop, two boot and shoe shops, one steam flouring mill, erected in 1872, at a cost of $30,000, equipped with the best of machinery, and has a capacity for turning out 150 lbs. of flour each 24 hours. BIOGRAPHICAL. Henry Bock, Walcott, was born in Holstein, Germany, May 39, 1845. He was educated in the schools of his native place, and emigrated to this county in 1857. From 1860 to 1863 he learned the harness-making trade in Davenport. In 1865 he established a shop in Geneseo, III., and in 1867 opened business in the same line in Walcott, where he has since remained, dealing in harness, saddles, whips, elc. , doing a good business. He was married in 1871 to Miss Charlotte Stockdale, sister of Alex, and John Stockdale, of Wal- cott. They have Ave children, as follows: Ella, Anna, Harry A., Henrietta and Wm. J. Mr. Bock is member of the A. O. U. W. \-- Hans Brandt was born in Holstein, Germany, Oct. 8,1843. He came with his parents to Scott County in 1847. They settled on section 24, Blue Grass Township, and Hans now resides on a BLUE GRASS TOWNSHU'. 959 part of the old homestead. He servetl in the late war, in the -ioth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Int'antrv, and belonged to the mnsi- cians cor]is. lie participated in the battles of Fort Ilcnrv, Fort Donelson, Shiloliand many others. His brother, John Brandt, now of Omaha, A'eb., also served in the war. Mr. Brandt was married in February. 1873, to Mary T. Cisteninaker. Thev have five chil- dren — Blondina A., Arnold B., Ilulda A., Laura A. and Oscar B. Michael Buttenoh, son of Anton Buttenoh. was born in Hol- stein, Germany. Feb. 22, 1822. He was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools there, and emigrated to America and located in Scott County in 184S. He settled on a farm in section 13, Blue Grass Township, where lie still resides. He owns 720 acres of land, and is oneof the well-to-do representative farmers of the county. He was married in 1853 to Louise Gollinghorst. By this union there were eight children; four survive — Anton, Christoph, George and Maggie. Mr. Buttenoh is a member of the Shooting Society of Davenport, and of Maysville. Thomas P. Cessna, a descendant of Scotch-Irish ancestry on the paternal, ai\d of German on the maternal side, was born in Bed- ford Co., Pa., Oct. 27, 1827, and was a son of William Cessna, of that State. His brothers, John and J. Boon Cessna, areprotninent lawyers of Bedford, Pa., the former being the leading member of the bar there; he has been twice elected to Congress, once as Speaker of the House of that bodv. He was also chosen representative of his district in the Legislature two terms. The subject of this record located in Blue Grass Township in 1858, and settled on a farm in section 29, which he had purchased in the spring of 1857, during a visit to the AVost. He owns a fine farm of 200 acres here, and one of 120 acres in Union Co., Iowa. Pie was united in mar- riage in April, 1848, with Sarah Koerner, of Bedford Co., Pa. They have seven children — Laura, Ellen, Xewton, Belie, John, Ilattie, and Myrtle. Mr. and Mrs. Cessna are members of the Methodist church. Ho has held the offices of township trustee, supervisor and school director. His greatgrandfather, John Cessna, settled in Pennsylvania during the tiuie of William Penn, and was a soldier in the Revolution, as was his grandfather, Peter Morgret. Philip Diets was born in Germany, Jan. 10, 1838, and is a son of John Dietz, who came to America with his family in 1853, and to Walcott, Scott Co., in 1855, but settled soon after in Hickory Grove Township. Philip returned to Walcott in 1872, and engaged in stock-dealing here until the fall ot 1873, when he bought the elevator, which he still runs in partnership with A. and J. Stockdale, under the tirni name of Dietz & Stockdale. He was married Sept. 22, 1S59, to Dora T. Reissen. To them were born rive children, two living — Louise and Ferdinand. Mr. Deitz is a member of A. O. U. W. and I. O. O. F. Lodges, and the Shooting Association of Davenport. He is one of the prominent and enter- prising men of Scott Count}'. Ilenrxj Gcbbert, one of tlie early settlers of Scott County and the 960 HISTORY OF scorr county. State of Iowa, was born in Overton Co., Tenn., Marcli 19, 1821. His parents were David and Catharine Gabbert, nee Giles, his father, a native of Virginia, and his mother, of North Carolina. Ilisfatlier was a soldier in the war of 1812, serving on the frontiers of Ohio, in General Harrison's brigade, and in Colonel Barber's regiment, in which his brother was an ofSeer. His ancestors were in the Revolutionary war, and took part in forming our free insti- tutions. He liad few opportunities for education, as tlie schools of that day were tew, and of an inferior order. Mr. Gabbert has lived successively on the frontiers of Indiana and Illinois, and at five years of age removed with his father's family to the West, and settled in Iowa in the spring of 1835. Here iiis father had located a claim, on to wliich he moved, and for the first two 3'ear.> had charge of the ferry boat at Buffalo, owned and run by Captain Clark, of the same place. He has followed farming for years, adopting this calling from the first. Mr. Gabbert was married on the 28th of December, 1848, to Miss Eliza J. McGarvey, of Holmes Co., O. To them have been born si.x children — William H., born Oct. 12, 1849, is a promising young member of the bar at Davenport, and has been clerk of tlie District and Circuit Courts of Scott County; Mary Ann, born Aug. 18, 1851, was married Aug. 13, 1872, to John R. Bowman, one of the leading principals in the Davenj)ort schools; Sarah Ilellen, May 28, 1856; Cornelia Aetna, Jan. 15 18G5; Eliza Jane, Sept. 1-4, 1867; and Benjamin, Nov. 5, 1869.' Mr. Gabbert in politics is a Democrat. He has never been a can- didate for office, and is not active in political matters. He was ■well acquainted with the ^^reat chiefs. Black Hawk and Keokuk, and has lived to see the thousands of Indians, who were here at that early day, fade away before the advance of civilization. Joseph Gadd. M. D., postmaster at Blue Grass, was born in Woodstield, Ohio, Jnne 17, 1822. He was a son of David and Elizabeth (True.x) Gadd, natives of Pennsylvania. He was a car- penter and cabinet-maker. They had 12 children, 11 living. Dr. Gadd lived with his father, attending school and assisting him in the cai'penter's trade, until he was 16 years old, then began the study of medicine. His marriage to Susannaii Rush oscurred Feb. 5, 11)43. Shfi was born in Perry Cj.. O., of Isaiah and Agnes Rusli, tiee Skinner, Pennsylvanians by birth. After he was mar- ried, Dr. Gadd went to Cincinnati, O., and attended Miami University two sessions, and the Eclectic Medical Institution three sessions; then went to New York City and practiced in the Infirmary there seven months. He located, in the practice of his profession, in Brighton, Clarke Co., 0.,and remained thcrefouryears. He came to Ottumwa, Iowa, in 1854, and lived there seven years; from there to Dayenport, one year; thence to his pleasant home in Blue Grass, Feb. 5, 1862. Dr. Gadd and wife have been blessed with 10 children, five living — Anna J., now Mrs. Samuel Heikes; Nathan T., married Sarah E. Miller, and practices law in Green- field, la.; Joseph P.; Kate F. ; wife of James Myers; and J, E. BLUE GRASS TOWNSim\ 961 Dr. Gadd is a member of I. O. O. F., ancient member of Boonsboro Lodge, Iowa, of tlie Encampment, and lias passed tlio chair in both institutions. Was also a member of Good Templars and Sons of Tem])erance Lodtres. lie received iiis present appointment as postmaster, in May 1862. He and wife are zealous members of the M. E. church, in which he has held the position of Steward since 1864. He is the recipient of a large and lucrative practice in Blue Grass, and is one of tiie prominent men of the city. Benjamin T. Gadd. M. D., was born on a farm in Perry Co., O., Sept. 7, 1837. llis father died when he was five years old, and he remained on the farm with his mother until his loth year; lie then went to Williamsport, O., and clerked in a store and attended school one year. He came with his mother and her family to Dav- enport, arriving Oct. 31, 1855. He obtained employment in the irroeery store ot' Burrows & Glasspelj, which he retained until !856, when the famil}' moved to a farm near Ottumwa. He studied medicine iiere and at Hickory Grove Township until 1860, then came to Davenport and read dentistry under Dr. R. D. Meyers. In Octo- ber. 1864, he went to the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Institute , from which he graduated Feb. 15, 1865. Uiion leaving school he came to Blue Grass, where he now is engaged in active practice; he practiced two years at Booiiesboro, la. He was married to Emily Coates Feb. 20, 1868. She is a native of Bulfalo Township, and was a daughter of Elisha and Mary Coates, wee Sexton, born in North Carolina, and at jiresent residents of Davenport. Mr. and Mrs. Dr. Gadd are the parents of four children, viz.: Edson E., Mary E., Harry and Myrtle J. The parents of Dr. Gadd were David and Eli.xabeth (Truex) Gadd; he was born Dec. 10, 1786, in Penn- sylvania, and died May 14, 1S47; his wife was born in Ohio, was the mother of 12 children, and died Nov. 29,1865. Dr. Gadd is a member of the A. O. U. W., Lodire No. 19, Blue Grass. He has been tiie recipient of a large and lucrative practice here and is one of the popular and {irominent men of the township. He owns a nice residence and four lots in Blue Grass, wiiere he resides. Henry Gruemmer was born in Holstein, Germany, Feb. 22, 1846, and is a son oi Max Gruemmer, also of that country, who came to Scott County iu 1S6!I. The subject of this memoir came to this county in 1868, and worked at the wagon-maker's trade in Daven- port until 1870. lie farmed five 3'ears, and in 1877 came to Wal- cott, where he has been engaged in the saloon and boarding-house business since. He oc'CU|)ies a portion of the Schwarting brick block, and does a good Imsiness. He was married Nov. 20, 1870, to Mina Belter, a daugiiter of Fred Belter, and a native of Hano- ver. Germany. Henry G. Ooeriny was born in Prussia, June 11, 1829, and is a son of John Goering, a Jiative of that country. Having a natural and strong love for books, Henry studied during his leisure hours, thereby accruing much useful knowledge, although he never bad 962 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. a teacher. He came to Scott County and worked on a farm in Blue Grass Township nine niontlis for his board, and the next three years by the month. He rented land some time, then bought a farm in section 10, this township. He owns 640 acres of line farming land, besides a number of acres of timber. He was mar- ried in 1855 to Mary E. Robison. Their union has been blessed with 13 children, seven bo3's and four girls of whom are living. He has been twice elected township supervisor. Theodore Ilartwell was born in Jennings Co., Ind., A]iril 23, 1835. He came with his widowed mother to Buffalo Township, Scott Co., in 1836. His mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Hartwell, i s a native of New York State; she was married the second time in 1843, to Peter Wilson, and now resides with her son, Theodore Hartwell, on the old homestead. The latter came to Blue Grass Township in 1842, and is the second oldest settler now living in the township. He was married Nov. 21, 1856, to Verroniqne Pilloud, a native of canton of Friburg, Svvitzerland, born Aug. 25, 1832. She came to America and located in Ohio in 184J), and to Scott County in 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Hartwell have had three children — Elmer E.; Peter W., who died in 1874 in his 16th year, and Laurent, died in 1879 atthe age of 19 years. The subject of this sketch is engaged in farming 254 acres of rich land in section 32, this township; he also owns 17 acres in Illinois. He now holds the office of township trustee, and is a member of I. 0. G. T. Lodsje. Louis Him is a son of Hans C. Hinz, of Holstein, Germany, where Louis was also born, June 5, 1844. He emigrated to Scott County in 1866, and resided in Davenport until 1870, when he came to Wolcott, Bine Grass Township, and conducted what is now Sindt's Hotel for four years, when he established a store of general merchandise here, which he still o])erates. He carries a capital stock of $5,000, and does an annual business of $17,000, with a steadily increasing trade. Keeps a full and complete stock of general goods. He was married in September, 1870, to Katie Jordan. They have two children — Bertha and Frida, who attend the English and German school in Wolcott. Mr. Hinz is a mem- ber of I. O. O. F. Lodge, and of the Maysville Shooting Society, which was established in 1878. William F. Illlan was born in Waldick, Prussia, March 12, 1834. He came to America in 1851, and came at once to Scott County. He worked as a farm hand some 18 months, then worked on his father's farm, on section 26, Blue Grass Township, until his fiither's death, which occurred May 31, 1856. He remained on this farm until 1876, when he moved on to the farm where he now resides, in section 33, this township. He owns 402 acres of rich laTid, all under a high state of cultivation. He was married to Henrietta Schumann, in February, 1860. She was born June 21, 1841. They have had seven children — Minnie C, born May 11, 1864; EmmaS., May 20, 1866; Frederick W., July 23, 1868; Linne S., BLUE GRASS TOWNSHIP. 963 July 2, 1871; Louisa H., Julv 13, 1873; William F., Sept. 12, 1875, ami Albert L., July 18, "l879. Mr. Illian has held the office of road supervisor. In politics ho is a Republican. Peter II. Jessen wasborii in Germany, Aug. 12, 181-1; was the son of Peter and Margaret (Anderson) Jessen, who both died in Germany. Peter was reared on a farm and received a common- school education. Alter his mother's death he had to work out from home. In lS3t) he was married in Germany, to Anna Mat- son, and lived tiiere till 1847, when they came to America, and he worked on a farm near Chicago for throe years, when he moved to Daven])ort in 1850. lie then made a trip west to California, where he spent two years. He then returned to Scott County, and in 1853 bought 80 acres of land, where he now resides. lie was divorced from his first wife wliile in California, and on his return to Iowa in 1853 was nuirried to Anna Otto. He has three children — Williiim J., Adolph, and Theresa, lie now owns 320 acres of land in Blue Grass and Davenport Townships. lie is a Republican in politics. William Johnson, deceased, was born in Jennings Co., Tnd., and was a son of James Johnson, who came with his family to Buffalo Township in 1838. The subject of this sketch was married in .1 une, 1846, to Louisa Catlin, whose father was the first settler in Blue Grass Township. They had live children — Laura, Amelia, Rosanna, Albert and Louisa. Mr. Johnson died Dec. 6, 1859, leaving his family and a large circle of friends to mourn his loss. Mrs. John- son was married again on Aug. 29, 1861, to S. C. Dorsey. He was born in Nicholas ('o., Va., Jan. 17, 1835, and came to Scott County in 1855. He has been township trustee, and has held other local offices of trust. Mr. and Mrs. Dorsey have had tiiree children — Benjamin R., who is a student in Bryant & Stratton's Business College in Davenport; Annie B. and Charley L. Uenry Kargen was born in Germany, Aug. 6, 1831. He emi- grated to the United States in 1847, and located at Evansville. Ind., where he followed shoe-making, the grocery business, and conducted a hotel, remaing.there 18 years. In 1867 he came to Scott County, and settled in Blue Grass Township, and keeps a store of general merchandise in Blue Grass, and has a good trade. He was married to Carolina Gikeman, in Evansville, Ind., Aug. 15, 1859. They have had 10 children, fourliving — Henry, born Sept. 8, 1866; Will- iam, Jan. 22, 1869; Albert T., Feb. 15, 1873, and Arthur C, May 5, 1881. Mr. Karges is a member of the M. E. Church, and in politics is a Democrat. Hans Kruse, was born in Hoistein, German}-, Sept. 7, 1838, and was a son of Joachin Kruse, of German nativity. Hans emigrated to America and located in Scott County in 1854. He worked as a farm laborer four years, and in 1864 bought 80 acres of land on section 4, Blue Grass Township, where he still resides. He now owns 120 acres, all under good cultivation and well stocked. He was married Nov. 12, 1866, to Ida, daughter of Wulf Ilahn. She is 964 ■ HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. a native of Ilolstein, Grermany. They have two children — Charles and Henry; they are twins. Charles Mast is a native of Brunswick, Germany, born July 9, 1825. His father, Erhart Mast, emigrated to America with his family in 1832, and located in Wheeling, Va. ; thence to Monroe Co., O., in 1837, wiiere Charles ran on the river two seasons, and finally located in Blue Grass Township, Scott Co., in 1818. The subject of this biography has been twice married, first in April, 1817, to Kesiah Payne, who died, having been the mother of one child, Hannah; the second time on Oct. 12, 1855, to Minnie C, daughter of Frederick Angel. Mrs. Mast's parents died when she was small, and she came to this country with her sister, Mrs. Char- lotte VVitenbrook. Mr. and Mrs. Mast have had eight children, six living — August, Louise, George, Tilla, Minnie and Frederick. Charles Metleer, deceased, was born in Schenectady, N". Y., and was a descendant of Scotch and Irish ancestry. He came to Scott Count}', and located in Blue Grass Township, in April, 1839, settling on section 33, where he resided until his death, which oc- curred Nov. 30, 1870. His wife was Zilpah (Whittaker) Metteer, by whom he had 10 children, six living — Maria, Elizabetli, Doroas, Emily, Loretta and Augusta. Mr. Metteer made Scott County's interests his own immediately on settling here, and was always one of the foremost men in every movement calculated to encourage its growth and increase its prosperity. He was a man of irreproachable character, and was held in high esteem by a large cii-cle of friends. Moses E. Moorhead was born in Eufialo Township, Scott County, Aug. 1, 1819. He received his early education here, and attended the college at Davenport three years. He was niar- riedto Nannie J. Barnes, Jan. 7, 1871. To them have been born four children — Henry B., born Dec. 28, 1871; Daisy E., Aug. 1, 1876; Charles I., May 25, 1878, and Mary L., June 21, 1880. Mr. Ml orhead is a member of the Methodist church, his wife of the Presbyterian. Their farm consists of 120 acres of good land, in section 32. In politics he is a Republican. Joseph Mounts was born on a farm near Pi'inceton, Ind., May 10, 1810. He was a son of Mathias and Mary (Montgomery) Mounts, natives of Virginia. They had a family of 13 children. She was a cousin of Davy Crockett, also of Gen. Montgomery, who was killed at the battle of Quebec; she died in 1854, her hus- band in 1811. The subject of this memoir was taken by his parents to Edwards Co., 111., when he was four years old. He was married here, Nov. 1, 1830, to Elizabeth Stennett, a native of Hardin Co., Ky. Her parents were Charles and Nancy (Short) Stennett; he was a native of Virginia, she of Tennessee. They had a family of 14 children. In June, 1835, Mr. Joseph Mounts came to Scott County, to look at the country, and in August of that year he moved here with his family. He first settled on a claim in Buffalo Township, which he disposed of in April, 1836, BLUE GRASS TOWNSHII'. 965 to two men named Brunson, for a town site. They paid him §S(1(1 for tlio claim, whieli enabled him to get a start in the world. lie rented land one year, tlien moved on a farm near Buffalo, wheiv he remained live years; subsequently bought a tarin ot 1(50 acres in section 7, and from there moved to Blue Grass townshi|>. wliere he now lives. lie has fenced 400 acres of land and built six houses, one of them being the finest house in the township at that time, and costing §3.000. Mr. and Mrs. Mounts are members of the Ciiristian church, and liave had 10 children; eight survive, viz. : Sylvester, born in Illinois, married Anna Reynolds; Harriet, born Sept. 2, 1835, the first child born in the county, married Jacob Fridley; Louisa, married James Lyman; Lucy, married Cornelius Boan; Maiiala, married Homer Holt; Ellen, married Simeon Meyers: Mary, married Marion Moore; and Charles. Joseph Mounts came to Scott County with but six cents and a quarter in his pocket; he is now one of the wealthiest and most prominent men of the county, lie is the only man now living of the men of maturer years, who came herein 1835. Ti e country' was then an unbroken praiiie.uninhabited save by the Indians. Deer and wolves e.xi*ted in abundance. To see it in its present pros])erous condition needs no further praise of the hardihood and industry of those early settlers. Mr. Mounts served in the Black Ilawk war under Capt. Champion Madden and Col. Pearce. Jfra. telicity B. Nebergall, nee Van Bibbor, was born near Sum- merville, Nicholas Co., W. Va., Feb. 11-, 1836. She was reared and married there to Presly V. Nebergall, now deceased, Jan. 27, 1859. By this union there were six children — John Franklin, born Dec. 15, 1859; Jacob Andrew, Sept. t^l, 1861; Lavinia, Oct. 17, 1865; Ed- ward Leo, March 13, 1871; Grace, !J[arch 7, 1876; and George, Jan. 1, 1878. The family came to Scott County, March 20, 1859, and have resided on their present farm in Blue Grass Township since. It contains 155 acres of good land. Mrs. Nebergall also owns a tine farm of 240 acres in Jasper Co., la., which she rents. She and her sons manage the farm in Blue Grass Township, and raise grain and stock for the market. Mr. Presly Nebergall died Sept. 22, 1878, and in his death Scott County lost one of her most highly esteemed and influential citizens. Charles and John E. JS'el>'oii, twin brothers, were born in Geneva, III., Their father, Charles J. Nelson, is a native of Sweden, and now resides in Washington Terrifory. The boys, Charles and John E., came to Scott County in 1869, and settled in Blue Grass Township, on the farm where they now ri side, known as the Ifazlewood farm. They have worked together, and rent the farm. Charles E. married Caroline Schupp, April 8, 1880 ; they have one child, A[ary Ann, born Jan. 17, 1881. John E. married Mary L., daughter of John M. Friday, Oct. 27, 1881. The young men are enterprising and industrious, and are doing well. 966 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. Oeorge E. Peek was born Jan. 9, 1844, in Stark Co., Ohio ; and was a son of Martin Peek, of New York. He was reared on a farm, and having an innate love of books, he is principally self educated. He served three A'ears and three months in the Union service, in Company C, 3d Missouri Cavalry. The engagements of the company were mostly in Missouri and Arkansas. Mr. Peek iielped to take Little Rock. Upon leaving the service he attended Bryant & Stratton"s Business College in Chicago, from which he graduated in 1866, and trom the telegraphy deptu-tment of that institution soon after. He taught a class in bookkeeping in Peoi-ia HI., six months, then entered into the employ of the C, R. I. & P. R. R. Co., and in 1869 was appointed telegraph operator and station agent at Walcott, a position he still i-etains. He was married Sept. 4, 1873, to Louise K., daughter of Frederick Keferstein, who settled in Blue Grass Township in 1854. They have had four children — Minnie, Alonzo Devoe, and Rufus K. ; Olive is now deceased. Mr. Peek's great-grandfather, Jacob Devoe, settled in Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1770. He leased six acres of land there for which he paid six ears of corn annually. He died at the age of 103 years, his wife at 105. They had lived together as husband and wife 83 years. Clause F. Petersen was born in Holstein, Germany, Nov. 5, 1832, and emigrated to America in 18d6. He landed in New York, and from there went to Muscatine Co., Iowa, where he remained two years, then moved to Blue Grass Townshij), Scott Co. He moved on to his present farm in 1872, and bought it in 1874. It consists of 120 acres of land, highly cultivated, and thoroughly stocked. He was married in 1856 to Catharine Dose, and by her ha? had two children — Frederick John, born in Holstein in 1854, and "William H., in 1859. Mr. Petersen is a member of the Lutheran Church. He has always been a strong adherent to the Republican part}'. James Price is a native ot Wales, born Dec. 28, 1805, and is a son of Richard Price. He came to Scott County in the fall of 1842, and conducted a meat market in Davenport nine years. In 1854 came to Blue Grass Township and settled on section 25. He first ■bought 160 acres of land of Dr. Goldsmith, 40 of which were improved. He now owns 320 acres of the finest land in the county, and rents to tenants. He was married in his native country in 1835, to Mary A. Dyke. They have four children — Eliza A., Sarah J. , James S. (deceased) and Mary L. Mr. Price held the office of school director two years. Bernhard Sc/iwartin// is a native of Oldenburg, Germany. He emigrated to the United States and located in Sheboygan, Wi?., in 1858 and remained there four years. Then spent four years in his native country. In 1866 he came to Scott County, resided in Davenport one year, then removed to Walcott, Blue Grass Township, where "he still resides. He established a store of general merchandise here, which he still conducts. He carries a capital stock of $10,000, and his annua! sales asfgregate $35,000. He j^/^ ^dUc^'jCi^e^ BLUE GRASS TOWNSHIP. built a new brick block in the winter of 1880 and '81, at a cost of over $10,000; it is 50 x SO feet, and two stories in height. As a business man Mr. Schwartiiii; sring. In the spring of 182S, Geo. Davenport, who liad a trading house at Ro^k Island, bouglit the claim owned by Benj. Clark, making payment in silver, which filled a small tin trunk level full. Pos- session being given next day, Mr. Clark removed a few rods west, where he erected a double log cabin wliich stood until after the completion of the C A: R. I. R. R. in I85i. During the spring of 1828 sexeral families came in, and Black Hawk saw that his da^'S were numbered as a resident of Rock River country. Capt. Clark, Black Hawk and Keokuk were warm jiersonal friends, this friendship continuing until after the treaty, when the latter were exiled with tiieir tribes to the Far West, where tliey died. Mr. Clark next removed to White Oak Springs, Wis., where he purchased a large hotel and smelting furnaces connected there- with. In the spring of 1S3-2, at the commencement of tlie Black Hawk war, settlors within a radius of miles collected and built a fort around the hotel, organized a comj)any to protect the fort, electing Harry Smith, captain, who (it living) now resides at Elk Horn Grove, 111. Capt. Clark raised a company of mounted rangers (from whence he derived his title) tendering his services to Gen. Henry Dodge. He was in many skirmishes and in the for- •ward company when the Indians made the attack at the battle of Wisconsin Heights. Capt. Clark furnished supplies for nearh' two months to all in the fort at the springs, as well as to his command for which neitlier he, nor Ids heirs, have ever received compensation. After the close of Black Hawk war, Capt. Clark went to Andalusia, III., and made a claim. In 1S33, removed his family to that place; then estab- lished the ferry which became so noted in the tirstsettlement of the central part of Black Hawk's purchase. At the same time he " took np " and purchased claims on the river at Buffalo, Iowa, comprising two and one-half miles of river frontage, together with timber land, amounting to about 2,000 acres, and in December, 1833, removed his family to the Iowa side, finding at last, after many wanderings, the spot upon which he wished to live and die. His was the only white family between Dubuque and Flint Hills (now Burlington). In the summer of 1833 Capt. Clark raised corn, beans, peas and other vegetables, the first produce raised in Scott County, and in 1834 had 100 acres of wild land broken, by Andrew Robison, of Warren Co., III., who was uncle to James H. Robison, of Blue Grass. The ground was broken as follows: 10 acres on the lower end of farm now owned by his son, Capt. W^. L. Clark; 40 acres where the town of Buffalo now stands; lo acres north of where 974 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. the new railroad depot stands; 40 acres above where Mrs. Capt. Dodge's orchard is situated. The writer particularizes because others claim to have done the first breaking in BuiFalo Township. He built, in 1S35, a comfortable log house, a story and a half high, glazed with glass brought from St. Louis; lumber for windows, facings, trimmings, etc., was of old dry-goods boxes broken up; flooring from Duck Creek Mill. He put into it the first cook stove ever brought to Iowa, a great curiosity then for novelty, as it would be now behind this progressive age. He brought also the first carriage and two Peacock plows from St. Louis, which latter were a great improvement over those then in use. Later, stores came in, and the necessity for making long journeys to obtain household supplies was done away. His children attended school at Blue Grass, three miles from home, thus obtaining knowledge under difiiculties. Capt. Clark purchased, in 1S34, of Hon. John Spencer, late of Rock Island, a large tract of land at the mouth of Duck Creek, where he erected the first saw-mill in (now) Scott County. After reserving a few lots and the ferry franchise, he sold his Andalusia property to Col. — . Stevenson, Whiteside and others, upon wliich they afterward laid out the town of Kockport, now Andalusia. Tlie sale of this land brought $17,000 in specie. Capt. Clark, in 1S36, disposed of a two-thirds interest in 90 acres of land to Capt. E. A. Mix and Dr. Pillsbury, of Buflfalo, N. Y., for $30,000, part cash payment. The three men above named at once laid out the town of Buffalo, naming it in honor of Bufl'alo, N. Y. This was \.\\e first town laid out in what is now Scott County. About the same time a man named John Vanata and Capt. Clark bought the claim and laid out tlie town of Blooming- ton, now Muscatine. Lots were in demand in Buflfalo, and al 1 went smoothly until the county lines were formed, wliich threw the new town so near the Muscatine line as to kill its prospects for a county seat. Other towns were included in this disappointment, as they were also desirous of obtaining the same object. Up to this time there had been onlj' two divisions in the territory of Black Hawk's purchase, Des Moines and Dubuque, the line running through the west end of Davenport, the glucose works being in the latter, and the site of school iSo. 2, in the lower end of town, in the former. In 1838 Capt. Clark sold his Duck Creek property to Messrs. Dolittleife Moss; the price received was $8,000. One barn was taken in part payment — price, $500 — which still stands on the Dodge farm, at Buffalo. The barn was of unusual dimensions for the times, being 30 x 40 feet. In the season of lS35-'36 Capt. Clark erected a hotel at Buffalo, dimensions being 40 X 50, two stories high, the pine lumber for finishing being brought by steamer from Cincinnati, Ohio, at the expense of $60 per thousand feet. During the winter of 1838-'39 Capt. C. was robbed of a large sum of money, the robbers carrying the secretary containing the money out of the house, down under BUFFALO TOWNSHIP. 975 the shadow of the river bank, and forcing the locks. This was the first occurrence of that nature in the county. No positive clue was ever obtained ot the perpetrators. The lands of tliis district were advertised for sale in the fall of 1839, at Burlington. Capt. Clark went in a canoe, takins; a large amount of money in silver; the writer remembers that it almost filled a wash-tub (a barrel sawed in halves ). the only tub then in use. Upon arrival at Bur- lington he found that the sales were postponed ; thereupon he took a steamboat for homring of 186S, when he bought a farm of 120 acres in section IS, this township, where he now resides. Mr. and Mrs. Beh have had nine children, eight living — Henry, married Mary Stretcher; Anna il.. now Mrs. iloritze Bernick; Joseph, Frank, Katy B., Charlie, IJenjamin and Mary. Mr Beh owns 1G(> acres in sections 17 and 18, Buffalo Townshi]i, 110 in Montpelier and 160 in Fulton Township, almost all under good cultivation. He is classed with the prominent men of the county, and is an enterprising citizen of Buffalo Township. JE'chvin A. Bhickmnn was born on the farm where he now re- sides, in Buffalo Township, Dec. 19, 1844. He was a son of Levi S. aiul Susan (Hull) Blackman, of Canada. Mrs. Susan Blackman died in 1S54. He was again married to Elizabeth Evans. They reside in Rockingham Township. The subject of this memoir en- listed in Company E, 20tli Iowa Inftintry, in September, 1864. He participated in the Battle of Fort Blakeslee, Ala., and numerous other skirmishes. He was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., and dis- charged at Clinton. la., in July, 1865. After leavinj; the service he worked on the farm in Buffalo Township until 1870, teaming some eight months in Davenport in the meantime, then worked in a saw-mill one season, when he was appointed carrier of the city postoftice division, and held that position until March, 1879. He then returned to the old homestead, where he has since resided. His marriage with Maria J. Bester occurred in Davenport, Sept. 2, 1868. She was born in England, of Edwin and Sarah J. (Harrison) Pester, who came to America in 1841, and are now residents of 1320 Second Avenue, Davenport, la. Mr. and Mrs. E. A. Black- man have had seven children, three living — Jennie R., Harri- son S. and Levi R. Mr. Blackman farms 160 acres of land, which he has under good cultivation and thoroughly stocked. He is classed with the enterprising farmers of Scott County, with which lie has been identified all his life. John liohU owner of the Buffalo feed-store, was born in Woldz- garden. State of 3Iecklen1)urg,Schwcrin, April 27, 1828. He re- mained there attending school and engaged in training horses until his 21st year, then served in the German army three years. He was married in his native country to Maria Junker in August, 1857. She was born in Roebel, Mecklenburg,Schwerin, of Frederic antl Eliza (Fanger) Junker, now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Bohl imigrated to the United States in November, 1867, making the trip in 12 days. They came to Scott County, and located in Buffalo Township soon after. He worked in a lumber-yard and saw-mill until October, 1879, when he established his present store, which is the only one of the kind in Buffalo. Mr. and Mrs. Bohl have had live children, two living — AunaS., born in Germany, July 21, 982 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 1864. and Eattie M., born in Buffalo, Aug. 29, 1869. The parents of our subject were Ludwick and Maria (Scbnell) Bohl, natives of Germany. Tlie subject of this sketch is a member of Buffalo Lod^e, A. O. U. W., No. 72. In politics he is a Republican. Jacoi Boice, painter, was born on a farm in Duchess Co., N. Y., Sept. 27, 1807, son of Phillip H. and Catharine (Sism) Boiee, natives of New York. When Jacob was 12 3'ears old his ]iarents moved to Otsego Co., N. Y., where he remained until he was 15 vears of age, when he became self-supporting. He worked on farms in various counties in New York, worked one year at the tanner's and currier's trade, and when 18 years old he went to Canajoharie, N. Y.. to learn the painter's trade. He was married there Feb. 11, 1828, to Elizabeth, daughter of George and Catherine Carr. Their union has been blessed with 10 children, tliree living — Sarah C, now Mrs. B. F. Johnson; Elizabeth L., wife of IIarve\' Snow, and Margaret, who married William Smith. In the fall of 1846, Mr. Boice moved to Rock Island, 111., where he followed liis trade until 1850, when he formed a partnership with Henry Houstin in a stove and tinware store. In 1854, he weni to Michigan and set- tled in Lawton, Van Baren Co., and followed the painter's trade there, until 1860 when he went to Chicago; remained there three years, then to Jackson Co., Wis., tiiree years, locating in Scott County in 1870. He conducted a farm in Buffalo Township for his son-in-law one year, then came to Buffalo, and bought a house and four lots, where he now resides. Mr. Boice was a member of the Sons of Temperance in Rock Island eight years, also of the Washington Lodge, No. 1, American Protestant Association at Chicago, III. He owns two lots and two houses on the corner of Third and Franklin streets, Buffalo. Jacob £rus is a native of Prussia, Germany, born Nov. 29, 1829. He vjame with his parents to the United States when IS years of age, arriving in January, 1848. Jacob came to Scott County, in 1850, and worked in a saw-mill and as a farm laborer until 1856. He then purchased a thresliing-niachine, which he ran until 1861, and engaged in farming. He was married Jan. 7, 1861, to Eliza J. Robinson; she was born on the farm where she now lives, and was a daughter of John H. and Mary E. (Oswald) Rabinson; he was born in Indiana and was killed Aug. 15, 1^50, by falling from a loaded wagon and having tiie wheels pass over h'im. Siie died May .31, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Jaob Brus have had 11 children— John II., Anna M., Charley H., Rosa A., Willie, Edwin T., Ella E., Ida J., Flora M. (died Feb. 3, ls78), Theodore J. and Lena E. The parents of our subject were John II. and Mary A. (Schluter) Brus, natives of Germany, where she died. He was again married, to Beatrix Clausen, who died in 1863. John Brus dTed Julv 21, 1879. Mr. Jacob Brus owns a farm of 560 acres in Buffalo Township, and one of 320 acres in Blue Gra^s Township, making a fine farm of 880 acres, 800 under cultivation. Mr. Brus BUFFALO TOWNSHIP. 983 came to this cuiiiity a ]ioor man, hut went bravely to work and has accumulated a iiiie property, and the name of beinsj one of Scott County's most enterprisino; men. He has been trustee three years, school director for the past 15 years, and has held the office of supervisor. James E. Burnside was born on a farm near Sulphur Springs, Green Driar Co., Va. When he was three years old his parents moved to Logan Co., Ohio, and settled on a farm near Bellefon- taine; they moved on pack horses across the mountains. In 1838 James E. went to La Grange Co., Ind., and located on English Prairie. lie was married here to Elizabeth Barr, April 9, 1835. She was born in Delaware Co., Ohio, and was a daughter of Amos and Fairby Earr, tiee Blocksom; he was a native of Ire- land and was brought by his parents to this country when 18 months old; his wife was born in ilaryland . They had a family of nine children. After Mr Burnside was married he remained on his farm in Indiana and ran a saw and grist mill there until May 18, 1836, wlicn he started on luirseback across the flint hills for Iowa. He traveled 10 days looking for a good ))hice to establish a home. He crossed the river on a ferry-buat made of hewn tim- bers and rowed b}' oars; the boat was owned by Capt. B. W. Clark. He returned to Indiana, disposed of liis property there, and brought his family to this State and located in Cedar County on a farm. April 1. 1S37, he settled on a claim in Buffalo Township, wliicb ho afterward entered and now resides upon. His farm con- tains 100 acres of rich land, conducted entirely by his sons. He has been a member of the ilethodist church since 1810, his wife since 1856. Alexander Burnside, father of James E., was born in Virginia, and died in February, 1874. His wife, Elizabeth (Gil- land) Burnside, was also a native of Virginia, and the mother of 11 children. She died in 1800, aged 99 years, 10 months. In the spring of 1850 James E. Burnside went overland with horse teams to California. He took out $7,000, then returned home. The journey occupied 75 days each way. He returned by water route. The union of Mr. and Airs. Burnside has been blessed with nine children, five living — Alexander, born in La Grange Co., Indiana, April 29, 1836. In April, 1837, he came M-itli his parents to Scott County and located in Buffalo Township, on a farm, where lie remained until his marriage to Khoda A. Parker, Sept. 9, 1858. She was born in Kentucky, and was a daughter of Stephen H. and Eliza A. Parker. Some time after his marriage Mr. Alexander Burnside moved to Ta^'lor Co., Iowa, where he eniraged in farming. Also conducted the Farmers' Hotel there until 1862, then returned to Scott County and settled on alarm in Buffalo Township. Two years later he purchased liis])re8ent farm of 213^ acies in section 7. He is one of the represen- tative farmers and stock raisers of Scott County, and is one of the early settlers, having been a resident of this county 44 years. Mr. and Mrs. A. Burnside are members of the Method- 984 HISTORY OF SCOTT COTTNTT. ist church, and have seven children, viz. : James E., who mar- ried Minerva Fonday: Eliza A., married Robert Van Renau; Stephen A. D., John, Amos, Alexander, Jr., and Benny. Amos Burnside was born on the old homestead in Buifalo Township, Feb. 28, 1843. He lived here until his marriage to Carrie Friday, Dec. 30, 1869. She was born in Rockingham Township, Scott County and was a daughter of John M. and Elizabeth (Forgey) Friday. He was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1S19, and came to Scott Count)' in 1836. She was born in Indiana. Tiiey had a family of eight children; he is now a resident of Rockingliam Township. After Mr. and Mrs. Amos Burnside were married they moved on the farm where they now reside, in section 6. He is an exten- sive farmer and stock-breeder. In politics he is a Democrat, and cast his lirst vote for Lincoln's opjionent, S. A. Douglas, in 1864. The subject of this memoir and wife have had three children, viz: Minerva E., Charley I. and Jennie C. Samuel Burnside was born near Lexington, Ind., Jan. 28, 1846, while his father and mother were there visiting. Soon after his birth they returned to their home in Buffalo Township, where he remained until his marriage tc Laura Cessna, Nov. 25, 1868. She is a native of Bedford Co., Pa., and a daughter of Thomas and Sarah Cessna, ?ifif Koer, natives of Pennsylvania. Tiiey came to Scott County in 1859, and are now residents of Blue Grass Township. They were the parents of seven children. Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Burnside resided on the farm with her parents in Blue Grass Township until 1871 when they removed to their present home in section 6, this township. They are members of the Methodist church and have had four chil- dren, two living, viz.: James C. and Thomas C, born Sept. 14, 1879. Mr. Burnside has 96 of his 117 acres of land under good cultivation and well stocked, and is one of the representative far- mers of Scott County. He was elected township supervisor two terms. He atliliates with the De"mocratic party. Elizabeth G. Burnside married Frederic Johnson and resides in Blue Grass Township, and Rhoda A. H., who married Clarence Barr, resides in Davenport Township. John married Nancy Friday. He died in November, 1880. His widow and two children live with their grandfather in Rockingham Township. Mr. and Mrs. James E. Burnside adopted Ella Powell, March 1, 1877. Her parents were Norval and Margaret (Crossinar) Powell. This closes the interest- ing sketch of James E. Burnside and family. W. L. Clark. — Capt. AVarner Lewis Clark, whose parents were Benjamin Warren Clark, of Virginia, and Mary Beard Clark, of Kentuckv, was born on the Wabash River near Mount Carinel, Wabash Co., 111., Nov. 14, 1822. At his birth, his mother died, and he was cared for by his Grandmother Beard. During the year 1824 his father married Miss Celia Gabbert, of Kentucky. W. L. was then taken home. His father soon afterward removed to Fort Edwards, Hancock Co., 111., there being no settlement outside the fort. ' u Cp^ uZ-c^^t^^c^^/j^ BUFFALO TOWNSHIP. 987 During the summer of 1827 W. L. Clark's fatlier removed to Hock Island, and settled on the banks of the slough, near where the wagon bridge strikes the shore in tlie now city of Rock Island. At that time Black Hawk, Keokuk and their tribes, namely the Sacs and Foxes, were living tliere, the main town being on the north side of Rock River, half a mile below Milan bridge. Tlie sideof the bluff south of the residence of Hon. P. L. Cable, to Rock River or Black Hawk's Tower, was one of the continuous cornfield, fenced in with brush the entire distance to keep ponies from the growing crops. He thinks you will find some of the old corn-hills still standing, with large trees growing out of them. The Indians were friendh' in the main; but, like all nations, had some restless bold spirits, and as boys W. L. Clark and his brother John P. had many pleasant hours with the young Indians, playing ball, running fjot-races, and shooting bows and arrows. W. L. was familiar with the language of these tribes, speaking their dialects as well as the natives. Their nearest neighbors were an Indian family, who lived about five rods east of their house in their wick-a-up, living harmoniously until one day the Indian head of the household came from the island with just enough '' fire-water " to make him vicious. He came to the house of Mr. Clark's father and threatened to strike liim with a war club. Mr. Clark's father took a good-sized switch, and gave him a thorough whipping, and Mr. W. L. Clark relates that an Indian will bare his breast and dare one to shoot, when he will seeminglv run for dear life when threatened with a switch, as it is considered a great indignity to be switched. Tiie Indian was forgotten, until upon one occasion Mr. Clark, Sr., was returning from Fort Edwards, now Warsaw, traveling ut)0u the ice. which was covered with snow, when about where Fort Madison now stands he noticed this Indian running upon the shore near by to get behind a tree; suspecting from the Indian's actions that all was not right, he covered the skulking warrior with his gun, commanding him to "come to him," which the Indian imme- diately obeyed. He then marched the Indian further out upon the ice, wlien he compelled him to lay down his gun, tomahawk and scalping knite in the snow. He then walked the Indian ahead of him for several hours, when he released him, knowing that it wOuld be impossible for the Indian to return for his weapons and over take him before he reached home. Black Hawk was then informed of the affair and interfered to prevent further difficulty. In the spring of 1838, having put in a crop, the family had difficulty in preventing the Indians from stealing and destroying it. The prin- cipal or summer home of the Indians was on Rock River as well as where Rock Island is now situated. When they prepared for the win- ter hunt, they put stones in their canoes to sink them in the river, until their return in the spring. They also dug holes in the ground and put in the sacks of dried corn and beans, covering the sacks with leaves and brush, then filling carefully with dirt, and over this 57 988 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTT. covering again with leaves and brnsli, to hide from view. Soon after tliey left, their enemies the Winneba^oes, who were a thieving, troublesome race, would come, and with iron spears would prod about searching for the hidden corn. Upon finding it they would carry it away. This petty thieving kept up a continuous feud be- tween the tribes. In one instance three Winnebagoes stole some ponies from the Sacs; they were caught by the Sacs who took them to their village. To punish the thieves, the Sacs formed a ring, about the size of a circus ring, in which the three AVinnebagoes were placed. They were made to ride and walk about the inclosure while the squaws and young Indians amused themselves throwing sharp missiles at tliem. After they had thoroughly frightened the captives the ring was opened and they were allowed to escape. The subject of this sketcli remained at Rock Island until De- cember, 1883, when he removed with his father's family to Black Hawk's purchase, wliere they made the first settlement in what is now Buffalo, Scott Co., Iowa. Being 11 years of age at that the time, he assisted a hired man to haul logs to erect the first cabin county. He liad attended school six months up to this time, three months at Wliite Oak Springs, Wis., and tliree more at Oquawka. In the spring of 1836 the town of Buffalo was laid out, and young W. L. took the contract for putting up the first storehouse, for Jacob Pelien, and took S. C. Hastings, who was afterward judge of the Supreme Court of Iowa, and member of Congress, also chief justice ofCalifornia, as a partner, they doing the scoring and hiring S. Gillet to do the hewing. The party cleared about $80. W. L. Clark had also the management of the noted " Clark's ferry," and is now residing upon the tract of land that he " claimed " at that time. lie attended a school taught by Erastus Basset, which was the first school in Buffalo township. In 1838, when 16 years of age, iiis father sent him to Wabash Co., 111., to sell two farms he owned there, and to return through tlie State and buv 50 cows. W. L. employed Daniel Steiinate (father of Hon. Wayne Stennate, of this State) to accompany him and assist in driving. Strange to relate, Mr. Clailc came througli the entire State of Illinois with $3,000, going from grove to grove telling his business, with greater safety trom robbery than one could go now from Buffalo to Davenport with 75 cents in money. During the winter of 1838, Mr. Clark received his last school- ini'. Upon Oct. 25, 1839, occurred the death of his father, the saddest event of his life, and one month later the death of his mother, leaving eight cliildren, most of whom were young and helpless. Never before in their j-oung lives being accustomed to lack f'T anything, lie and his brother found themsehes without a chan'jfe of clothing, all having been stolen while they were absentat till' funeral of their mother. Ho stntes that even now, after the lapse of 49 yrars, he cannot refrain from shedding tears at the recall of those dark, dreary days. ]SIo human being who has never experienced such an event can feel as he felt. And to further discourage the BUFFALO TOWNSHIP. 989 young lad, a friend (?) of the fainil}' predicted that " Lewis would come to some bad end, because he had never been accustomed to labor." As cruel as tlie prophecy seemed, he is now very thankful for it; for he determined to con\itico that friend " that he would be a man," and states that witiiin 15 years, she could have purchased the friend's farm and several others and had money to spare, besides having the contldence of those who knew him. lie began by cat- ting wood for 50 cents per cord, broke prairie for $2.00 per acre, raised and sold winter wheat for 20 to '22 cents per bushel. W. L. Clark married Harriet Baker, daughter of Maurice Baker, of Mary- land, and ^largaret Waters Baker, of Kentucky, Dec. 9, 1841. They immediately started to housekeeping with a family of six ot his brothers and sisters, he being but 19 and his wife 18 years of age. They now have a family of eight children — Benjamin Warren, who was born December, 1812, married Miss Lizzie Evans, of St. Louis, where he is engaged in the wholesale grocery trade; Emma M., who married Gen. Jesse M. Harrison, of Dubuque, Iowa; Clara M., wiio married Chas. F. Elmes, of Chicago ; Florence L., who married Mr. W. L. Orrick, of Dubuque ; Lincoln L., who is unmarried; Kate M. and AnnaM. still reside with their parents at Buffalo. Chas. C. is with his eldest brother engaged in business in St. Louis, Mo. In the fall of 1846, W. L. Clark toi)k several men and an outfit and went to the pineries on Black River, Wis. In 1847 he removed to Davenport. In 1848 he and W. H. Baker erected a double saw-mill on Black River, above the fall; soon after stocked a lumber yard in Davenport, the firm being Clark & Hamilton. In 185U, Ca))t. Clark sold out the yard and purchased a one-quarter interest in the steamer " Uncle Toby" and two barges, taking possession and running the boat until 1853. Capt. W. L. Clark and the late Capt. Leroj' Dodge, in the year 1854, ])urcha8ed a half interest in a line of packets running between Keokuk, Davenport and Rock Island, Capt. Clark taking command of one steamer and Capt. Dodge of the other. They made money very rapidly, and in 1856 the two gentlemen bought the entire line paying the Keokuk company $40,000 for their interest, adding the " Ben Campliell," a very line boat at that day, which was afterward burned at Buflalo. Capt. Clark received the United States mail contract for carrying mails over liis line through the kindness of his staunch friends, GenU. Dodge and Jones, Senators from Iowa, wdiich was a valuable acquisition. During the summer of 1865, Capts. Clark and Dodge laid out an addition to the city of Buffalo, which still bears their name. In 1857 Capt. Clark removed from Davenport to Buftalo. opening his coal mines to sujiply the packet line with coal. At that time he had become quite wealthy but in 1859 the financial crisis came upon tiie land like a northern bliz- zard, sweeping every one before it, Capt. Ciark not being an exception. The most secure banks crumbled to invisible fragments, leaving nothing but wild-cat swindles, from which sprang many tine buildings for the unfortunate creditors to gaze upon while 990 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. grieving over their misplaced confidence. During those dark hours that tried men's souls, many noble-hearted, honest men fell to rise no more financially. A lew withstood the blast; though they lost money, they came forth with honor brightened by tlie rougii usage they had received. Capt. (JIark had sufficient left to supply a comfortable home in his old age, and grant a few lux- uries. In principle Capt. Clark has been a life-long Democi-at, but without desire for political honors, he has always sacrificed his own advancement for the preferment of others. Never was a man who was more keenly sensitive to the ingratitude of those whom he had befriended. He is generous to the poor and has a kindly sympathy for the unfortunate. Temperate in his habits in every respect. Though not a member of any church, is a staunch defender and supporter of religion. He expresses keen regret at having been unable to do more to advance the cause of justice, truth and tem- perance. He has great decision of cliaracter when sure of his position, nothing can cliai\ge liis opinion, neither men nor corpo- rations. He still resides on the homestead farm where he hopes to remain until taken to his final resting place. John L. Coates\NiiS born in Buffalo Township May 11, 18*12. He lived on the farm there until his marriage to Helen Mc Garvey, Sept. 15, 1869. She was born in Holmes Co., O. Her father, William Mc Garvey, was born in Pennsylvania ; his wife, Mary A. Graham, was of Irish nativity. He died in July, 1873. She is a resident of Rock Island. They had a family of 11 children. In the fall of 1877 Mr. John Coates bought his present farm of 57^ acres, in section 28. Himself and wife are members of the Methodist church, and have had three children — Mary L., who died July 15, 1873; Pearl W. B., and Lulu F. The parents of our subject were Elisha and Mary (Sexton) Coates, natives of North Carolina. They were members of the Methodist church and had eight children. The}' were among the early pioneers of Scott County, having come here in 1839. Mr John L. Coates has his farm all under cultivation except li acres of timber land. He is a Kepublican in politics, and cast his first vote for A. Lin- coln. JoJm P. Cooper, fai'mer, Muscatine County, but formerly of Buffalo Township, was born near Mt. Pleasant, Murray Co., Tenn., March 25, 1812. His parents were John I., and Nellie Cooper, Wi?eMc Adams, nativesof Teimessee. They had 10 children, two liv- ing — John P. and Samuel. The subject of this memoirworked on his father's farm and in a saw-mill until he was 20 years old, when he became self supporting. He left his home with a sood mare, a shot-gun and $15, as the foundation for a fortune. He went to La Salle, 111., thence to Scott County, in July, 1832. He was employed in building a mill-dam for one month, was then taken with the ague, to which he was a victim one whole summer, being unconscious with the fever every other day. He split rails for seven montlis, walking one mile to his work, and would cut and split 150 rails BUFFALO TOWNSHIP. 991 per day. In partnership witli a young man named Allen Olm- stead lie put in a crop near La Salle, and later one in Buffalo Town- siiip. on a claim which tliey iiad entered in 1833. Mr. Ohn-itead ami Mr Cooper made an a;freonient that the one who married first should have the crop and cabin on the claim in Uulialo Township, this being Mr. Olmstead's proposition. Mr. Cooper was not aware of the fact that his friend was engaged to a Miss Eailey in La Salle, but such was the case. Accordingly Mr. O. returned to tinit place to marry her, but tin years old, when, in company with tive others, he started c/verland to ('alifornia with cattle. They were I-IO days making the joi:rney. They arrived at Bear liiver, in the Sierra Xevada Mountains, Aug. 22, 18^9. They mined at this place about two weeks and cleared $200 apiece; then went to Jackson's Creek, where they put U|) shanties, and engaged in minincr there from Nov. 1, lSi9, until Dec. 1."). 1850, and made about 82.SO0 apiece. They then returned to Scott County, arriving home April 15, 1S51. Mr. Friday then purchased 160 acres of land in sections I and 2, Buflalo Township, for which he paid §1,100 in gold. He was married to Sarah Brumbaugh. Sept. 11, 1851. She was born in Portage Co., O., and was a daughter of Samuel and Magdalcna Brumbaugii. Pie was born in Pennsyl- vania and died -Fan. 2. ISSO. She is still living in Butfalo Town- ship. ]V[r. and Mrs. Friday have had three children — John J., married Ella Jones; Samuel, married Sallie O. Page; and Mary, wife of Alexander M. Stutsman. Mr. Friday owns a finely cul- tivated farm of 2-iO acres, and is extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising. He has held various local offices of trust in his township, and has been township ti'easurer since 1S68. lie is now enjoying the results of a well-spent life, respected and esteemed in the community in wliicii he lives. John Gold, Sr., farmer, section 14, Buffalo Township, was born in Neustadt, on the lilain River, Bavaria, Germany, Nov. 15, 1822, where he worked in his father's water-mill and attended school until ne:irly 18 years of age. when he came with his parents to the United States. They landed in B.dtimore, Md., after being at sea 73 days; came direct to Scott Co., Iowa, arriving here in September, 1'>''40. The family settled on a farm in section i-i, Buffalo Tiiwnship. The parents were Michael G-old and Anna Grruce. They were natives of Germany; were members of the Catholic church, and had a family of six children, tive living, lie was a miller in Gerniany, but followed farming in America. Ho died on his farm in Buffalo T >wn-5hip, in .Soptomber, 1802, and she died in January, 1879. Theirson, John Gold, Sr., the subject of this sketch, lived >vith his father on the farm until his marriage to !Miss Henrietta Friericks, May 13, 1851. She was born in Prussia, Germany, and was a daughter of John Friericks and Elizabeth Messing, who were natives of Germany. Soon after Mr. and Mrs. John Gold were married he bought 40 acres of land in sections 1 4 and 15, Buffalo Township, where he resides, and to which ho ha-; added 40 acres more, miking a tine farm of SO acres. He and his wife liave had seven children, six living, viz : John Gold, who resides on the farm witii his father, was born on this farm June 30, 1853. He has a good common-school education, and at present is engaged in farming and stock raising. In politics he is a Greenback-Dem- ocrat, and cast his tirst vote for U. S. Grant, for President. Miss 996 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Anna T. resides with lier parents; Johanna A. E., married John Cavviezeli. They reside on a farm in Davenport Township. He was born in Davenport, la., Marcli 3, 1852. He was a son ot Christian and Mary (Willie) Cawiezell, natives of Germany. John and wife are member s of the Catholic church, and have three children— Frank J. M., Michael H. T. and Mary C. Gold; reside with their father on the old homestead. He has his farm of 80 acres all under jjfood cultivation, and is one of the well-to-do repre- sentative farmers of Scott Connty, and has been identified with it since 1840. Has held various local otiices of trust in his township. In politic^ is rather iiiJeosadent, and votes for the best man. He cast his first vote for Zich. Taylor for President of the United States. Tkomas J. Halhert, of the firm <>f Halbert & Crawford, pro- prietors of the Buffalo quarry, was born in Le Roy, N. Y., Feb. 10, 1831. He lived there and attended school until he was 13 years old, when he went with his parents to Clinton Co., Mich., and settled on a farm there. He was married, March 30, 1852, to Elmina M. Badgerow; she was born in Markham, Upper Canada. Her parents were William H. and Mary Badgerow, nee Wittacker, the former a native of N. Y., and of French descent, and the latter of Maryland. Thomas J. Halbert is a son of Walter and Clarissa A. Halbert, nee Havens, natives of New York. Mr. T. J. Halbert engaged in various occupations from the time of his marriage until he came to Buffalo, where he now resides. He enlisted in June, 1862, in Company H, 70th Illinois Infantry Volunteers, and served until November of that year, when he was discharged on account of expiration of service. Mr. and Mrs. Halbert have had seven children, four living, viz.: Franklin B., William .1., Fidelia M. and Ilettie B. Mrs. H. has been a member of the M. E. church for 25 year,-. Mr. Halbert is a member of the U. O. A. T., Lodge No. 15, at Buffalo; he owns a fine residence and two lots on Fourth St. Fle has been elected constable four terms. Emmamiel Ilai'sch, farmer, section 16, Buffalo Township, was born in the city of Mondelshaien,Wittenburg, Germany, Nov.Y,1823. He renmined here on his father's farm, attending school until 22 years of age, when he struck out for himself, and came to the United States, was 46 days at sea, and when he landed in New York City he had only .S2 in his pocket. He went to Ohio and worked on a farm near Cincinnati five years, when he came to Scott Co., Iowa, and worked in a nursery near Davenport; was married here to Miss Margaret Karnian, Nov. 23, 1852; she was born in Biron, near the river Hhine, Germany, and was a daughter of Michael Karmau and Anna(Hartz) Karman. Tliey were natives of Germany, members of the Catholic church, and had a family of 11 children, four living. He was a carpenter and also followed fiirming. He died in 1826, and she died in 1830. After Mr. and Mrs. Harsch were married, he worked in the nurserj- two years, then moved on the farm where he now resides, in section 16, Buffalo Township. BUFFALO TOWNSHIP. 997 lie and wife are meiubeis of the M. E. churcli, and have had a family <>t four chiith'on; two are livin. When he was 10 years of ago he went to (Jberbergen to take lessons in music. He learned to play the cornet, violin and other instruments, especially excelling in violin playing. He came with his parents to the United States when 18 years old, arriving in Iowa in April, 1855. His father bought a farm of 255 acres in Buffalo Township. In 1858 Se- bastian opened a saloon in Buftnlo, which business he followed un- til 18SI, when he rented the saloon. He was married Jfarch 19, 1863, to Mary Beales. born in North Carolina and a daughter of John and Abigal (Farber) Iieales, natives also of that State. Mr. and Mrs. Heckle have had five children, two living, viz. : Kathe- rine and Cordelia. In 1860 Mr. Heckle began to run on the river as a musician. He followed that live seasons. He is now the owner 871(1 projirictor of the Heckle Hotel in Buffalo. He was township clerk of Buffalo 14 years successively. Hiiffo ILtlf'haiter, owner and proprietor of the Buffalo City Brewery, is a native of Prussia, Germany, born March 3, 1836. He came with his parents Fritz and Matilda (Schmidewidt) Hoff- baner to the United States in about 1847 ; father died in February, 1879 ; his mother Dec. 17, 1865. Hugo Iloff'baner enlisted in Co. A, 14th Iowa Inf. Vols., as a private. He was appointetl 2d Lieutenant, and ]>romoted to 1st Lieutenant, in which position he was mustereil out. He re enlisted in 1S64, and was promoted to major ; he served from the beginning until the close of the war. Upon retiring from the service he came to Buffalo, and went into the brewery business with his father and brother. Since 1872 he has been sole owner. The brewery has a capacity of 5.000 barrels of beer; he manufactures his own malt. This 998 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. building was erected in 1864, and was destroyed by fire Xov. 10, 187S, but was immediately rebuilt. Mr. Hoftbaner was married July 9, 1859, to Virginia Meyers, a native of Wheeling, Va., and a daughter of Jaboband Lucinda (Livergood) Meyers. Mr. and Mrs. Hotfbaner have had a family of nine children, six living, viz. : Edward, who is in partnership witli his father in the soda-water factory; this factory has a capacity of 100 boxes or 2,400 bottles per day ; Hago, Jr., William, Louisa. Maximillian and Louis. Mr. Hofl'baner and son Edward are members of the Tui-ner Association; the former was president of this association nine years. He is also a member ot A. O. U. W., I^odge iSTo. 72, at Buffalo. He was mayor of Buffalo two years, and has been justice of the peace for the past seven years. In 186.5 he ran for sheriff of the county. John K. James was born on a farm near Middlebury, Vt., April 14, 1817, son of Samuel James, of Yermont. and Prudence (Kellogg) James, a native of Massachusetts. When John K. was 19 years old he left the farm and went to Alton, HI., where he remained some 18 months, tlien came to Scott Co., Iowa ; arrived here in May, 1838, and entered a farm of 320 acres in section 3, Buffalo Township. He was married here to Harriet E. liicker, Nov. 30, 1843. She was born at Salem, 111., and was a daughter of Rufus and Lydia (Chipman) Ricker, natives of Maine. After Mr. and Mrs. James were married they lived on the old home- stead for 12 year;; thence to Rockingham Townshi]) four years; then returned to the old farm in Buffalo Township, where they .remained until 1867, when they removed to Grinnell, Iowa, where he bought property and now resides. He owns 320 acres of laud and is a prominent citizen of that place. Mr. and Mrs. J. K. James have had eight children — Edwin, JobuF., Samuel, Hattie F. (who is ensaged in teaching school at Cross Roads, Buffalo Township), Henry (editor of the Daily News at Denver Col.), and Julia. Two are deceased : Lydia P.. who died in infancy, Rufus Ricker, who died at the age of 21; he was attending college at Cornell, Iowa; and was to graduate the same year, a very promising young man, and was fitting himself for a ])rofes5or of the languages. In politics, Mr. James is a Republican. He was one of the pioneers of Scott County, having settled here in 1838, and moved to Grinnell in order that his children might have better educational advantages. JoJui J*". James was born in Buffalo Township, Dec. 30, 1850. His parents were John K. and Harriett (Ricker) James, who set- tled in Scott County, in May, 1838. John F. lived on his father's fai-m until his marriage to Josie Walker, Dec. 24, 1875. She was born in Pontoosuc, 111., and was a daughter of T. J. and Margaret (Burns) Walker. The former was a native of Virginia, and died Aug. 14, 1856; the latter was born in Pennsylvania, and is now a resident of Independence, Kansas. She has liad 13 children, nine living. Mr. and Mrs. John F. James have had two children, Ivan BUFFALO TOWNSHIP. 999 K. and Henry Le Rov. Mrs. Jiinies is a member of the Christian churcli at Davenport. They reside on the old homestead in Buffalo Township. Sanuiel James was born in Scott County, Buffalo Township, Miirch 17, 1853. He remained on his father's farm until 1867, when he went to Grinnell, Iowa, wliere he attended scliool live or six years, then returned to Buffalo Township. He was married here to Belle Dodge, Nov. 14, 1877. She was born in Scott Co., Iowa, and was a daughter of Eric and Mary J. Dodge nee Harrington, natives of I^ew 'i'ork, and now reside on their farm, in section 15, Buffalo Township. Mr. and Mrs. Samuel James have two children — John K. and Mary. In 1875 the subject of this sketch went into partnership with John D. Maurice in a coal- mine on the James liomestead. This was one ot the lirst in the county. In 1878 Mr. Daniel Dodge bought Mr. Maurice's share, and the mine was operated by James & Dodge until December, 18S1, wlien Mr. Dodge disposed of his stock to ]\[r. James, who still runs the mine. He is a member of A. O. U. W., Buffalo Lodge, No. 72. In politics is a Kepiiblican. The family reside on the old homestead in Buffalo Township. Fred Kautz was born Oct. 21, 1821, in Baden, Germany. He entered the German army when 20 years of age and served six 3'ears. Heceiviiig his discharge, he came to America, arriving Sept. 15, 1848. He remained in New York three weeks, then went to Milton, Mass., and worked on a farm there three years. He went to Germany on a visit, returning to this country in 1853. He went to Detroit, Mich., and obtained emploj'ment in a wholesale queen's ware store for two years. He was married May 17, 1853, ' to Barbara Lutz, a native of Baden, Germany. Her parents were Nicholas and Victoria t Heckle) Lutz. April 9, 1855, Mr. and Mrs. Kautz came to Butlalo, where he bought 250 acres of land in part- nershij) with Theo. Heckle, 40 of whicli they laid out in town lots. Mr. and Mrs. Kautz have had 12 children, nine living, viz. : Theo- dore, who man ied Caroline Bartberger; William F., Minnie, Mack, Susannah, Mary, Bernard, Sophia and George "W. Mr. Kautz owns a farm of 320 acres in Buffalo Township, whicli is under good cultivatii'U. His jjarents were Jacob and -lulia Kautz; they were of a very old German family. Jacob Kautz died in America in No- vember, 1S()0; his wife died in Germany, Aug. 13, 1839. Mr. Kautz' success in a financial way is due entirely to his own personal eff'orts, as he came to America with but two dollars to call his own. He has held the offices of county supervisor three years, school director and township trustee a number of years. Christian Kautz was a son of Jacob and Julia Kautz, natives of Germany, where she died; he came to this country in ]85, returning to Davenport three years later. He owns a nice residence at 1218 Harrison street, also a 65-foot lot on Tenth street. Mr. and Mrs'. Schmeenk have had seven children, three living — John, Barbara and Frank. They are members of the Catholic church at Daven]iorr. Henry Springmier was born in Hauover, Germany, May 9, 1830. His parents were Clirist and Mary A. (Kaman) Spring- mier, uatives of Germany, where they died. They had a family of five children. Henry Sjiringmier came to the United States- when 19 years old, a j^oor German boy, who could not speak a word of English, and had but 20 cents' with which to begin life BUFFALO TOWNSHir. 1013 in a new country. He went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he learned the shoemaker's trade. In 1S.5T he came to Buffalo, la., and ojiened a shop. Ke was married here to ICatharine Heckle, Oct. 23, 1861; she was born in Jjadcn, Germany, and is a daughter of Theo. and Mary A. (Meyer) Heckle. Some four years after his marriage Mr. Springmier bought his present farm of 92 acres in Buftalo. He also owns three lots on Fifth street, 40 acres north of Butlalo, and SO acres in Fulton Township, Muscatine County. Most all of his lauds are under cultivation and well stocked. He is one of the representative farmers of this county, and has held various local ollices in his townsiiip. Mr. and Mrs. S])ringmier have had eidit children, viz. : Theo. H., Mary B. L., Bertha, Theresa S., Mary A., Agues C, Chas. E. and Otelia Y. Mr. Sprifigmier is amember of the Cirerman Lutheran church in Daven- port; his wife of the Catholic church. Christian Steinle was born near Waibligan, Wurteraberg, Ger- many, Jan. 13, 1818. His ))arents were Jacob F. and Magdalena (Roehling) Steinle, natives of Gernumy, where they both died. Christian Steinle came alone to the United States when IS years of age. He landed in New York City witiiout a cent of money. He learned the baker's trade and resided there 20 years. During tliis time he was married to Amelia Gray, March 19, 1851. She was a daughter of James and Elizabeth Gray, of New York, where she was also born. Mr. aiul Mrs. Steinle liad two children, both now deceased. Mrs. Sttunie died in February, ]S55. Mr. Steinle renuiiued in New York until 1S56, wlien he went to Kock Island, III., and established a baker sho]). He was married then to Walburga Rapp, Nov. 3. ISfil. She was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, and was a daughter of John and Agnes Rapp, nee Schultheis, of German}'. Mr. and Mrs Steinle had two children, both of whom have passed away. Mr. Steinle moved on to his farm in section 13, Buffalo Townshij), in June, Is"". The farm consists of lOJ acres of finely cultivated land, which is well stocked. George I*. Stlckelherger is a native of the village of Haltingan, Baden, Germany, born June 2, 1832, son of John J. and Eliza- beth (Ganipp) Stickelherger, natives of Germany, where tliej died. The subject of this memoir came to the United States when 21 years of age, landing in New York City Nov. 5, 1S53. From New York lie went to Buffalo, thence to Cincinnati. In October, 18.54, he catne to Sjott Count}- and worked on a farm in Buffalo Township until his marriage to Geneva Gold, Jan. 28, 1856. She was born in Beron, Germany, and was a daughter of Michael and Anna (Gruse) Gold who came to Scott County, Sept. 29, 1S40. After iiis marriage Mr. Stickelbn-gor moved on to the farm where he now resides, in section 15, Buffalo To-.vnship. The union of Mr. and Airs. Stickclberger has been blessed with 13 children, eight living — Lucy M., now Mrs. Max Iloffbaner; J. Frederic, "William R., Dora, Nellie, Nancy and Louis H. Mr. Stickclberger 1014 HISTOKT OF SCOTT COUKTT. owns 120 acres of highly improved land and is one of the represen- tative farmers of Scott County. lie is a member of A. O. U. W., Buffalo Lodge, No. 161; is one of the charter members. Geo. H. Strampe was born near the village of Oetzen, Hanover, Germany, Jan.-6, 1847, sonof Henry and Mary Strampe. The former died when George was quite small, and she was again married, to William Schmidt. They reside in Germany. The subject of this record became self-supporting at the age of 14. By working for the farmers in his native country, he saved money enough to pay his passage to America in 1866. He borrowed money in New York to come to Scott County, and located in Cleona Township, where he remained three years; subsequently moved to Buifato Township where he now resides. He was married here Aug. 8. 1872, to Mrs. Horace Miller, whose maiden name was Eosana Brumbaugh. She was born in Portage Co., Ohio, and was a daugh- ter of Samuel and Magdalena Brumbaugh; the former was a native of Pennsylvania, and died Jan. 27, 1880. Mrs. Brumbaugh resides with Mr. and Mrs. Strampe. Mrs. Strampe had three chil- dren by her first husband — Charles L., Mysis G. and Samuel B. Miller. Her marriage with Mr. Stramjie has been blessed with three children — John W., Mary E. and Rosa A. Mr. Strampe owns 80 acres of land, all under good cultivation, and valued at $50 an acre. James Truitt, dairyman, was born near Bedford, Ind., April 21, 1841. He was a son of Jesse Truitt and Anna Kirby, natives of Kentucky. He died in March, 1876; she died Jan. 21, 1859. AVhen James Truitt was about five years old his parents moved to Muscatine County, and settled in Sweetland Township; from there they went to Davis Co., Mo., where his mother died. James Truitt was married Jan. 21, 1869, to Sallie Umphress, l)orn in Indiana; her father. James Umphress, died in April, 1879. In 1869 Mr. and Mrs. Truitt came to Scott County and bought a place of six acres just outside the limits of Buffalo. He has the only dairy in Buffalo. They have one adopted child, Horace C. Mr. T. is a member of the Baptist church, his wife of the Methodist church. In politics he is a Democrat. WiUiaw Webster, Principal of the Buffalo public schools, was born near AVaterloo, Canada, June 15, 1849. He remained here attending and teaching school until 20 years of age when, taking Horace Greely's advice, he ciine West. He located in Muscatine County, and taught school in the Montpelier Township. He was united in marriage Dec. 8, 1870, with Marv E. Wright, a native of Muscatine County,born Feb. 15, 1853. Her father, AVilliam P. Wright, was a native of Kentucky ; he married Nancy Daniels, born in North Carolina. They had a family of seven children. Mr. Webster was engaged in the sewing-machine business in Mo- line, 111., until 1873, He then returned to Muscatine County and taught scliool in Fairport one term. Since 1878 he has lauglit school in Buffalo. Mr. and Mrs. Webster have had three children BUFFALO TOWNSHIP. 1015 viz.: William A., Eoderic B. and Gary M. Mrs. Webster is a member of tiie M. E. church at liliie Grass. The parents of our subject were Alexander and Helen Webster, nee Manney. They were natives of Aberdeen. Scotland. lie died July 1'2, 18.')4 ; she is living on the old homestead near Waterloo, Canada. George R. Wells, M. D., a descendant of En, 1825. His parents were John and Mary (Long) Williams, natives of AVales. They were members of the English Lutheran Church, and had eight children. Kobert rained in the coal and iron mines until 16 years of age, when he came alone to the United States, and landed in New York City. He mined in the coal mines at Pottsville, Pa., seven years, then mined coal in Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky and Virginia, until 1850; then rained at East St. Louis, 111., until 1864, whe'n he came to Scott Co., Iowa, and bought the farm in Buffalo Township, where he and family still reside, and where he has mined and farmed. He married Miss Mary Hanlan, Aug. 25, 1856, who was born in Ireland, and was a daughter of James Hanlan. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have had three children, two living — James and Mary Williams. Mrs. AYilliams is a member of tlie Catholic church. Mr. Williams owns a fine farm of 70 acres, all under good cultivation and well stocked, and is one of the enterprising farmers of Scott County. He has been identified with it since 1864. FranMln II. Williamson, carpenter, miller and farmer, Buffalo, Iowa, was born on a fartn eight miles west of Liberty, the county seat of Bedford Co., Ya., Xov. 14, lS3n, where lie worked in his father's grist and saw mill until 21 years of age, when he struck out for himself and went to Bedford, Me., and worked in a cotton-mill some eight months when he returned to Viiginia and took aeon- tract of building two dams on the Kanwgha Canal, on the .James River, built one dam at Irvin's Ferry and one at Well's Gap; re- mained there two years, then was superintendent of grading the Tennessee Railroad between Lincliburg and Liberty in Campbell County, on tiie old Poplar Forrest farm now owned by Thos. Jef- ferson. During this time he boarded with John B. Good, Sr., whose son, John B., Jr., was afterward congressman from this State; remained there one year, then the winter of 1852 started with BrFFALO TOWNSHIP. 1017 five other young men to California; when they arrived at Spring- field, 111., he was taken sick. He sold out his interest in teams, cattle etc., and the party went on witiiout liiin. lie remained in Springfield foiir montlis, sick with typhoid lever. He then went to Saratoga S)>rings, N. Y., for his liealth a sliort time, then went to Chicago. 111., and began to work as bridge carpenter on tlie Rock Island R. R., now^ the C, R. I. it P. R. R. Worked on this road six montlis, then worked in a mill and shook with tiie "ager" at Ilam])ton, 111., si.x month.s; then tuuk charge of a null at Port Byron, 111., four or rive months; then went to Lake Pijiin and assisted Captain Barber to raise the Steamers, "Areola," "Fall City," and "Register," that had been sunk by the ice. Returned to PortB yron one year, when he came to Scott Co., Iowa, arriving here March 12, 18()0. lie farmed for Jacob Shoe two years in Buffalo Township, when he married Miss Catherine Wyniun, June 10, lS69. The parents of F. II Williamson were Henry P. Williamson and Lucy Brooks. He M'as born in Yorkshire, England, and she in Scotland. He was a fanner, and died in 1850. She was killed hy lightning in 1S4C. They were members of the M. E. church, and had eight children, four living. The subject of this sketch, F. H. Williamson, has been justice of the peace six years, member of city council, town clerk, in his township. Is a member of I. O. 0. F., Lodge No. 87, at Najiles, 111., and Buffalo, Iowa, Lodge, Xo. 72, A. O. U. W. In politics a Prohibitionist and cast his first vote for Buchan- nan. Jacob H. Whisle)\ pastor of the Church of Christ, Buffalo, was born near Harrisonburg, Rockingham Co., Va., Jul}' 9, 1831, son of Henry and Susan (lledricks) Whisler; father a native of Virginia and mother of Maryland. The subject of this memoir worked on his father's farm and attended the Pleasant A'alley Insti- tute until he was 18 years old, then engaged in school-teaching. He taught the first schgol in the loop of the New River, near the great Kanawha Palls. In the spring of 1852 he came to Iowa and located in Cedar County, where he remained until the winter of that year, then went to Bellevue, Iowa. In April, 1853, he went to Maquokcta and worked on farms in that vicinity, and attended the academy there some months; afterward taught school near 1018 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Maquoketa two years. He was married Sept. 28, 1856, to Ada Cook, a native of Petersburg, Canada. Her parents were Robert and Ruth Cook, of Canada; tbe former died in 1868; she is living with her son Wesley, on the old homestead near Maquoketa. In 1864 Mr. Whisler was drafted for the armj', but bought a sub- stitute. He was appointed a minister and evangelist of the Church of Christ, Aug. 27, 1866. He held protracted meetings in Iowa and Illinois until April, 1869, when he located in Buffalo, in charge of his present pastorate. This church was organized by Mr. Whis- ler on the third Sunday of December, 1868, with W. D. Vermillion, elder; and Chas. Sowers and Levi Moore, deacons, with a member- ship of 35, which afterward increased to 102; now numbers 32. This was the first Christian chureh'organized in Buffalo. Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Whisler have one child, Mary M. Mr. W. has ever been an earnest temperance worker, and for the past five years a strong prohibitionist. He was nominated by this party for the Legislature twice. He owns a nice residence and five lots in the eastern part of Bufialo, where he resides. ft:1^v, 3 ^i^^ir- fm BUTLER TOWNSHIP. Bntler Township comprises 36 sections in the northeast part of Scott County, bounded on the east bv Princeton Townshij), on the south bv Lincoln, on the west b}' Winfield and on the north by the AVajisipinecon Kiver. It was first named Ben Butler, but by act of the Board of Supervisors in ]S66, the prefix "Ben" was dropped. The first entry of land in the township was in 1836, when Henry Harvey Pease, in partnership with John D. Grafford, entered 500 acres of land on section 19, in what is known as Walnut Grove. Alphonso Warren had previously " blazed " the trees on this tract, and Messrs. Pease and Graiford paid him $100 to relinquish the interest thus acquired in the land. FIRST SETTLERS. Mr. Pease built the first cabin in the township in 1S3S; lived two years in Duhutjue after entering his claim. He still jives on the spot where this cabin was erected. The original structure is still standing, and forms a part of his present residence. Mr. Pease was born Oct. 29, 1794, at Middlefield, Ilainpshire Co., Mass. He removed in an early day to New York, thence to Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and to Dubuque, la., in 1832, where he served as deputy siierift", constable, etc., besides being engaged in mercan- tile pursuits. Alphonso Warren built the next cabin, in the fall ot 1838, on section 20, a little below the present residence of Mr. Thos. Glynn. Mr. Warren came from New York, and opened and operated the celebrated grindstone quarry in this township. He left this county some 35 years since. Last summer he visited the "old stam]>ing ground," and talked over the incidents of early life here with the few remaining old settlers, returning to Kansas, his present home. George Daly, a native of Ohio, came from Moline, 111., in 1839, and built a saw and flour mill on section 17, on what was then named Daly's Creek. Much of the lumber of Mr. Pease's first barn was here sawed. Mr. Daly afterward moved to Canton, Jackson Co., and subsequently died in Plymouth County. Aaron IJ. Norris was also an early settler, and moved to Mis- souri. FIEST THINGS. The first birth in the township occurred Sept. 1, 1839 — Clinton (1019) W. Pease, son of II. II. Pease 1020 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. The first marriage was between George Dalj and Rebecca Arble, ill the spring of 1839. Miss Arble had recently arrived from Pen n- svlvania, in company with Mr. Cooper, father of Michael Cooper. " The first deatli was that of Delos Warren, brother of Alphonso "Warren. The first school was taught in the sonth end of an old double log house in Walnut Grove, near the site of the present school-house, in 1846, by Miss Alice Alvord, daughter of Whiten Alvord and niece of Mrs. A. M. Fish. The first religious services were held in 1838, at the residence of Mr. Pease, and were conducted by James and Alexander Brownlie, Presbyterians. A Methodist circuit rider named Brace was wont to stop at the same place, the only one within 50 miles where corn was to be had for his horse. Another, Father Stirapson, allured by former experiences, would ride 15 miles through storm and sleet to procure here a cup of tea. The good father had a refined taste, and on occasions like this not only preached the word and advocated resignation, humility, etc., but ofttimes indulged in lengthy discussions on the question of " corn coffee vs. ' boughten ' tea." Geo. Daly built the first saw and flour mill in 1839. It had one run of stone, and was situated on section 17. Col. Breckenridge, from Pennsylvania, in an early day entered about 7,000 acres of wild land in the northeastern part of this township, and enclosed the entire tract with one fence. It is re- lated that in breaking, his teams would start from a point where J. C. M. Causland now lives, and plow a continuous furrowto the Wapsie, a distance of three miles, two round trips a day being considered good work. The first school-house was a log structure and was built in 1850 on section 18. An amusing incident, illustrating the trials and disappointments of early life here, is related by Mr. Morris, which we give in his own words. Speaking of the marriage of Mr. Daly and Miss Arble in 1839 he says: "This feat was accomplished after many trials and tribulations had been undergone, arising mainly from the iuappropriativeness of poor Lo, the wandering red man. Pease, Daly, et al. had oftentimes had occasion to congratulate themselves and eacli other upon the honesty, probity and other old-time characteristics of their neighbors, and had laughed them- selves into paro.xysms of glee over the thought that locks and bars and- all such were for those who needed them; when lo! a change came over the spirit of their dream. When the poor Indian, of un- tutored mind, had been incautiously left without the realms of their reckoning, he, or they (for there was a brace of them), had felt the slight to such a degree as to so cautiously appear upon the scene, so quietly operate, and silently disappear as to prove, even in these pioneer days, that "the best laid plans of mice and men gang aft a'glee." Pease's Guinea gold watch was gone, his riding SM^^'jc^c^ BUTLER TOWNSHIP. 1023 bridle, and enougli else to vex liis sonl. And Dalj — his wed- ding beaver hat was gone; his wedding suit was gone; and, alas! too, was gone the money he had saved ibr a license fee for tiie min- ister who was to tie the Gordian knot, and for part payment for sewing upon these same wedding garments, justly due to Miss Lydia Pinneo, a sister of Madison Pinnco, who had in her kind, womanly heart so efficiently aided him in his so laudable and haz- ardous undertaking. And with these were gone, too, the good motherly hens, brooding upon nests so soon to reward their ma- ternal care. His spoons were gone; his knives ditto, and truly our hero, for he was a hero, had fallen upon troublous times. Think of it, ye young men and maidens; sympathize with this heart- broken young man while your historian leaves him prostrate in the ashes of his dead hopes and hastens after the gaunt authors of his woe. In impartial mood our Indians wended their devious way to the house of Pease, and in the (piiet, restful hours of slumber, awaked his household in their ill-timed efforts to kindle a blaze upon his hearth. " Ugh! me welly cold," and he bade them bring in some logs and warm their beauteous anatomies. "'Ugh! me welly hungry," and he fed them upon the viands then and there in plenteous vogue. " Ugh! me welly sleepy," and he bade them roll their glorious frames, bedecked in all their gorgeous panoply of blanket, paint, buckskin, feathers, beads, etc., at length before the hearth and sleep the sleep ot the just. And the Pease house- hold accepted the advice of its head, and slumbered as do the just and upright; and it happening to be on a Sabbath morn they indulged then as we of later day otttiraes do — in too much of slumber uf the just and u])riglit. This fault, if such, cannot be laid upon their visitors, the Indians, who, in praise be it said, were up betimes or perhaps a little previous, and fearing to awake their host, liad silently stolen away a Guinea gold watch, a riding bridle, and such else as to vex the household of Pease. Aud then there was a wild hurrying to aud fro. Norris rode to the raging Wapsie where Bowen's Ferry did its roaring tide bespan, and earnestly be- sought its Charon of tidings of the truant twain. Daly — but we left him prostrate, etc., and our veracious informant saith not further of him; and Pease, he rode to the hamlet of Davenport, thence to Long Grove, Allen's Grove and Little Walnut Grove, where he heard of our Indians, one of whom was bedecked in wed- ding raiment, betopped with wedding beaver hat, and bejeweled with Guinea gold watch, all of which finery he hastened to barter to a man named Woods, for divers quantities of calico goods, but- tons, trinkets, etc., to the value of $9. And Pease overtook the Indians, and after some parley betook unto himself the riding bridle, the spoons and the knives, and was of course properly rejoiced thereat. L^pon our man Woods he found the beaver wedding hat, plowing corn with its new-found owner, and to him he was also in- debted for restoration of the wedding suit upon the just considera- tion of $7 lawful money. And Daly, hero and Phcenix that he 1024 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. was, straightway arose from the ashes aforesaid, donned Jiis mar- riace raiment, his wedding heaver hat — botli tried and not found wanting — and joyfully led to the Hymen's altar his blushing bride, the fair Becky Arble. RELIGIOUS. There are two church buildings and societies in the township, that of the Mt. Joy M. E. church and the Presbyterian church. The M. E. church building was erected in 18G1, and is about 32 x 42 feet, located on section 30. Its pastor was S. H. Harmer. At present it is su))plied by Rev. Mr. Holland, who preaches every two weeks. A Sunday-school is conducted during the summer months. The present trustees are Geo. Baughman, T. W. JVIcCausland, John Sn3'der, Wm. Arnold and Morgan Orrendorl. The Presbyterian church is located on section 35, and was built in 1868, about 32 x 40 feet in size. It is known as Mount Union Church. Mr. Mc Bride was first pastor; at present Eev. Mr. Hayes supplies the pulpit every two weeks. EDUCATIONAL. There are nine sub-districts in Butler Township, each having a good frame school-house, the aggregate value of which is estimated at $9,800. There are 340 persons in the township between five and 21 years of age. POSTOFFICE. Henry W. Pease was the first postmaster, and held the ofiice for over 25 consecutive years. The ofiice was always at his residence, and many incidents are told by Mr. Pease of the trials of old pioneers who were obliged to travel many miles for their mail, and ofttimes would be overtaken by dark, and be obliged to make his home their resting place for the night. In 1867 Mr. "Wing was appointed, and since that time it lias changed hands many times, and was finally moved to Long Grove. For nearly 10 years there was no postoflice in the township, the last mentioned place and De Witt, in Clinton County, being the principal offices or the citizens of Butler. A little over a year since a mail route was established between Long Grove and Princeton, and an office was then located in Walnut Grove, known as Barwoud, with Mr. Samuel Barr as postmaster, who is the present incumbent. RAILROADS. The only railroad in the township is a branch of the B., C. R. & N., now in process of construction, which enters on section 12, and running west leaves the township on section 7. A station is to be located on the farm of G. W. Martin, on section 7, as yet BUTLER TOWNSaiP. 1025 unnamed. Another station is to be located in the eastern part of the town, to be called McCausland. Work is to be resumed on the road soon, and it is expected to be completed from Clinton to Iowa City this fell (1S82). KEPRESENTATIVES. Butler has furnished three representatives in the State Legis- lature: Mr. Wing, two terms ; Mr. Stearns, one term ; and Mr. Miller, who is still a member of that body, five terms. ELECTIONS AND PRESENT OFFICERS. The township of Butler was organized in 186.5, and the first election for town officers was held Oct. 8, of that 3'ear. Mr Wing, since deceased, was the first supervisor ; Levi J. Reddick, clerk ; Duren Stearns, assessor ; Ernst Miller, justice ot the S;ace. The present officers are : Trustees, Geo. Baughman, arry Garber and Hans Grease ; Assessor, Samuel Morris ; Clerk, Wm. Martin ; Justices of the Peace, S. J. Morris, Henry Garber ; Constable, Louis Fish ; T. W. McCausland of Butler, is a member of the County Board of Supervisors. There are no villages in Butler township, no stores and but one saloon. The nearest gen- eral merchandise store is at Long Grove, in Winfield Township, kept by Dr. Richardson. The principal trading points for the people of this section are Davenport, 10 miles from the southern boundary of the township ; DeWitt, in Clinton County, about four miles from the " Wapsie," or northern boundary, and Princetou, in Princeton Township, six miles from the eastern boundary. BIOGRAPHICAL. Samuel Barr was born in Brookville, Pa., May 7, 1S39, son of R. P. and Mary (Chetester) Barr, the former of Scotch origin and the latter a native of iSJcw Jersey. The old Scotch name was Dunbar, but during the Scotch Rebellion, while escaping to Ire- land, to aroid detection the first syllable was dropped and has never since been used. Our subject received his education in Pennsylvania, and when 16 years of age removed with his parents to De Witt, Clinton Co., Iowa. Here he followed farming for 15 years, and during the winter taught in various district schools. In 1870 he purchased 40 acres of laud in Walnut Grove, where he has since resided. His land is set out to small fruits to a large extent, and their prodnct furnishes him with a goodly income. Mr. Barr was married, Marcli 31, 1863, to Miss Norrissa R. Stearns, from Ohio, who died in February, 1871. Mr. Harr was again married. May S, 1873, to Frances Rosamond Blackmau. The fruit of this union was three children — Ruby Pearl, Clyde Leroy Dun and Myrtle. He has been justice of the peace, and is now 1026 HISTORY OF SCOTT COrNTY. postmaster, having been appointed about two years since. The office, located at his residence, is named Barwood. Mr. Barr is quite a scientist, and has a fine collection of specimens, illustrat- ing the sciences of geology, conchology, archaeology and osteology, doubtless the largest private collection in the county. He has also interested himself in literature, and has written numerous papers on scientitic subjects, and while teaching composed nu- merous poems, many of which were published in various periodi- cals. In politics he is a Republican. George Bmighman was born in Oliio, May 19, 1814, son of Sam- uel and Elizabeth (Huffman) Baughman, natives of Pennsylvania. He was educated in the common schools of Ohio, and followed farming there until 1847, when he removed to this county and purchased 235 acres on the "Wapsie," in Winfield Township. He lived there seven or eight years, and then moved to his present residence in Butler Township, which was then, however, a part of Winfield. He has owned 360 acres of land where he now lives, but has given farms of about 85 acres each to four of his children, and now lives a retired life in the old homestead residence. He was married Sept. 10, 1840, to Miss Elizabeth Farber, a native of New Jersey. Tliey have had five children, four of whom are still living — Alonzo, Clarinda, Lucinda and Samuel. Morilla died in infancy. Mrs. Baughman died May i:2, 1871, and our subject lives with his youngest son. Mr. Baughman is well known in his township and tliroughout the county, and has held the office of townsliip trustee for five or six years past. He is a Eepublican. Postoffice, Long Grove. Charles Bennett was born in the State of New York, Aug. 31, 1816, and was a son of George W. and AIngail Bennett, nee(j\\nn. His parents removed to Wood Co., Ohio, when he was a small boy, and there his education was received, and he grew to manhood. Soon after attaining his majority his father removed to McHenry Co., 111., and from that place, in company with an elder brother, our subject went to Mineral Point, Wis. Tliey were there em- ployed to assist in running the second boundary line of tlie Black Hawk purchase. During the winter Charles Bennett made 10,000 rails in three months. During the second winter of his residence there, yielding to the wishes of his father, he returned to his home in McHenry County, entered land, and engaged in farming there. On Dec. 37, 1847, he was married to Cynthia Dodse, who died May 11, 1849, leaving one son, Mortimer Wallace, who was born Jan. 3, 1849, and is now married and residing in Rooks Co., Kan. In the spring of 1850, in company witli a brother, Mr. Bennett started on the overland route for California. Upon reaching Le Claire, Iowa, the journey was abandoned, and he settled there. He worked at various occupations until the summer of 1850, when he bought his present farm on section 35, Butler Township. He was again married Dec. 27, 1853, to Milcah E. Goodrich, daughter of Abijah and Rachel Goodrich. Six childien were born of this union BUTLER TOWNSHIP. 1027 — Andrew C, born Jan. 27, 1S55; Mary Alice, Kov. 16, 1856; Corydon A., March 29, 1859; Etta C, Dec. 20, 1862; Ada E., Marcli 7, 1S63, and Charles D., Nov. 23, 1866. Mrs. Milcah E. Bennett died Sept. 26, 1867. and on Marcli 7, 1869, he married Eliza J. Stevens, his present wife. Ilcr f'atlier, Georiie W. Stevens, died Sept. 24, 1863, at the age of 77 years. Her niotlier Elizabeth, nee Lattorty. died Jan. 26, 1877, in her 88th year. Mr. Bennett's tathcr died Dec. 12, 1867, aged 85 years; his mother is .still living in Mcllenry County, at the ripe old age of 86 years. Mr. and Mrs. Bennett have had three children — Abigail Belle, born Aug. 27, 1870; Jonathan Carver, May 15, 1872, and Pearl Elizabeth. June 9, 1874. Clans Boltz, son of James and Margaretta (Wiese) Boltz, was born near Kuehl, Kingdom of Prussia, Jan. 28. 1849. "When he was about seven years old his father emigrated with his family to the L'nited States, and lucated at once in Scott County. His father worked as a farm hand a number of years, then purchased a farm in Blue Grass Township, where he now resides. The subject of this memoir attended school in Germany and in Davenport Township a number of years. He I'enniined with his father until he was 24 years old, when he was married to Anna Sjhlapkohl, who was burn in Holstein. Germany, November, 1850, and was daughter of Hans Schlapkohl, a native of Germany. Mr. Boltz resided in East Daveni)ort about one and a half years after his marriage, then located on the farm where he now lives, on section 15, Butler Townsliip. Mr. and Mrs. Boltz have four children — Gustav. born March 3, 1874; Delia, July 5, 1875; Otto, June 14, 1877, and Caroline. April 1, 1880. Leand^r Luther Civ t pi aniu <&'/•.. was born in New Haven, Conn., Nov. 25, 1799, and was a son of John and Dorcas (Hunter) Chap- man. When he was about two years old his parents left New Haven, and moved to Gntario Co., N. V., settling near the village of Vienna. In the public schools of that place our subject was educated, and there grew to manhood. Soon after attaining his majority he started out to see the country. Was at Detroit, Mich., two years, then went to Ashtabula Co., Oliio, where he engaged in teaching. He was there married, on Jan. 1, 1831, to Esther Griggs, daughter of John and Ruth Griggs, nee Dibbath. In the spring following his marriage. Mr. Chairman moved to Flemings- burg, Ky., and seven years later to Kane Co., HI. In the sum- mer of 1844 he moved to Scott Count}', and settled in Princeton Township. He bought a farm of 80 acres on section 20, which he sold in the spring ot 1853, and bought another in section 26, where he resided until ISSl. Since that time he has made his home with his son-in-law, J. B. Scott. Mr. and Mrs. L. L. Chapman were blessed with eight children — Henry C, born Oct. 8. 1831, married Agnes Miller; JoiuiG., born Nov. 18, 1832, died Sept. 20, 1852; Leander L., born March 12. 1834, married Anna R. McCausland; Sarah E., now Mrs. Frank Shaw, was born Jan. 1028 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 22, 1836; Elizabeth E., born Oct. 31, 1837, married J. B. Mc Quis- tion; Dora H., now Mrs. J. B. Scott, was born Feb. 29, 1860; AnnjH., born Aug. 31, ISil, married G. H. Kimball; and Oliver, born Jan. 6, I8i5, died Aug. 20, 1847. Mrs. L. L. Chapman, Sr., died Oct. 25, 1878. About 30 years ago Mr. Chapman was the victim of a terrible accident. His foot was so horribly man- gled in the cylinder of a threshing machine that amputation of all the anterior portion of the left foot became necessary. Although he is over 82 years old, Mr. Chapman can read the finest print without the aid of spectacles, and his hearing is but slightly impaired. Michael Cooper, son of Leonard and Julia Ann (Elder) Cooper, was born near Ebensburg, Cambria Co., Pa., July 20, 1826. His father was a farmer, and Michael assisted on the farm and attended the district school until April 1, 1839, when his parents and 12 children, in company with another family, started for the Territory of Iowa, and arrived at their destination on April 16 of that year, after a long and wearisome journey. Mr. Leonard Cooper went at once to Long Grove, where his brother-in-law, Charles Elder, resided, having emigrated to Scott County in 1838. The next day the whole jiarty, consisting of 27 persons, followed them. He at once made a claim on section 28, which he purchased when it came into market, and resided upon it until his death, wliich occurred Oct. 28, 1860. In 18-17 the subject of this sketch made a claim, which he afterward entered, of 120 acres in Wintiekl Township. He built a house on his land, fenced it, and otherwise improved it. On Nov. 14, 1854, he married Margaret, daughter of James and Elizabeth (Crawford) Ennis. She was born Feb. 1, 1834, in County Langford, Ireland. Their union has been blessed with nine children — James II., born Sept. 15, 1856, died Oct. 11, 1859; Mary E., born Aug. 1, 1857, died Feb. 26, 1871; Augustus C, born May 1, 1859, owns a farm of 160 acres in Ida Co., Iowa; Lillie, born Dec. 28, 1860; Leonard, born May 29, 1863; Minnie L., born July 14, 1865; LovenaM., born Dec. 16, iS67, died Feb. 7, 1870; Thomas A., born June 4, 1871; and Francis J., born March 4, 1 875. In 1865 Mr. Cooper disposed of his farm in Winfield Township, and moved upon a farm near Dubuque, la., where he resided one year, then returned to Scott County, and settled on his present farm of 135 acres in Butler Township. He held the office of postmaster at Walnut Grove, until the office was moved to Long Grove. He has served liis township as sub-director and road supervisor a number of years. Mr. Cooper's brother James went to California in 1859,, and nothing has been heard of him for the past 12 years. James Ennis, deceased, was born in County Langford, Ireland, June 21, 1800. He grew to manhood in his native countrj-, and was there married to Elizabeth Crawford, of the same place. He followed farming in Ireland until 1840, when he emigrated with his family to America, and landed at Quebec. He was there UIJTLER TOWNSHIP. 10'29 offered a position as check clerk on board the vessel he came over in, wliich lie accepted. Shortly after he removed with his family to Hamilton, Ontario, lie leased a farm about 20 miles from Hamilton, where lie residetl nntil 1S52, when he came to Scott Count}', arriving in Davenport on June 9 of that year. He located at once on section 11. Wintield Townsliip, where he boiij;;ht a farm of 160 acres, and resided until Iiis death, which occurred Oct. 26, 1S80, his wife liavini; died about four years prior to that time. Mr. Ennis was hiirhly respected in the community in which he lived , and did much to advance the interests of Scott County. He filled the office of justice of the peace for 20 years. Of his children, Margaret married Micliael Cooper, and resides in Butler Town- ship; James is married and lives ii\ Clinton, Iowa.; Edward T.; Anna M. married Thos. J. Glynn, and resides in Butler Township, and John married Mary Kehoe, and resides on the old homestead in Wintield Township. 'WilHa7n Fish., deceased, was born Sept. 28, 1S06, in the State of Vermont, and was a son of Nathaniel and Nancy (Huntington) Fish. AVhen William was quite young, his parents removed to Ellicottville, N. Y., where his father engaged in farming and con- ducted a tavern. lie grew to manhood in tiiat place, and there received a liberal education. He was twice married; first to Lois Grover, of Little Valley, N. Y., by whom lie had three children — LaB^iyette, now deceased, Erskine and William. His second marriage occurred on the 16th of January, 1833, to Mary Ann, daughter of Elihu Alvord. She was born Oct. 1, 1806. This union was blessed with five children — Lewis, horn Feb. 22, 1837; Francis, born July 2, 18-10; Sarah L., Jan. 11, 18-f5; Chas. C, Nov. 26, 1847, aTid Dora A. Lewis, the eldest son, was married in 1857, to Miss Sarah E. Gatton, who died May 23, 1869. He served two years in tlie 20th Iowa Infantry. Was again married Aug. 24, 1881, to MissAdelia Jlartin. William Fish, our subject, came West with his family' in the spring of 18-14, and settled on the Wapsipinecon Kiver, near where his widow now resides. He had quite a number of land warrants, and secured a large tract of land embracing several hundred acres in what is now Butler Town- ship. He held various offices of honor and trust in his township, and served as justice of the peace five years prior to his death, which occurred Oct. 18, 1834. In liis death Scott County lost one of her most prominent and respected citizens. Thomas J. GJi/im, son of Michael and Mary (^Fox) Glynn, natives of Gahvay Co.. Ireland, was l)orn at that place. Dec. 22, 1840. His parents emigrated to America when he was six years old, and landed at New Orleans, where they remained one year, tiien re- moved to Madison, Ind. Thomas attended the parochial schools of tliat city until 1854, when his father removed with his family to tlie AN^est, and settled in Davenport, la., on March 16 of that year. His father bought 8ii acres of land on section 21, Wintield Township, paying $6 an acre for it, and to that place the family 1030 HISTORY OF SCOTT COITNTY. moved in November, 1S55. Thomas assisted on the farm, and after his ISth year the management of it devolved almost entirely on him. On June 6, 1865, he married Anna M., daughter of James and Elizabeth Eunis, nee Crawford. She was born in Ontario, Canada, May 14r, 1846. With some help from his father, Thomas Glynn purchased SO acres of land on section 21, Winfield Township, which he cultivated for seven years, then sold for $50.80 an acre, and with the proceeds of this sale he bought 203 acres in sections 17 and 18, Butler Township, which is his present home. He has made improvements on this place in building and fencing, to the amount of $3,000. He is extensively engaged in breeding fine stock. His herd contains some of the linest specimens of thoroughbreds in the State. Mr. and Mrs. Glynn have had seven children — James M., born July 21, 1866; Mary E., March 1, 1868; Thomas P., April 29, 1870; Charles E., Jan. 9, 1873; Anna M., Feb. 18, 1875; Leo, July 8, 1877, and Alice M., July 29, 1879. Mr. Glynn's mother resides with him; his father died March 12, 1873, in Winfield Township, this county. J. Helhle, son of Joseph and Rosini (Mante) Helble, was born near Obernheim, Kingdom of Wurteinberg. Germany, Sept. 24, 1826. His father was a cabinet-maker in Obernheim. He attended school in his native village until he was 19 years old, when he was apprenticed to a weaver, and learned and worked at that trade six years. On Aug. 26, 1851, he took passage at Havre de Grace, with his father's family, to the United States. Our subject went to Milwaukee, Wis., whore he li\ed five years, and was married June 21, 1856, to Amelia Sonantag, who was born Oct. 11, 1834, and the following September removed to Davenport. Three years later he removed to the ])lace where he now resides, on section 26, Butler Township. Mr. and Mrs. Helble have six cliildren — John, born June 5, 1876; Joseph C, Aug. 6,1858; William, Aug. 4, 1860; Mary, Sept. 8, 1862; Clara, April 20, 1865, and Emma, Aug. 21, 1867. Mr. Helble has been sub-director of hia district six years. George Washington Martin was born in Ei'ie, Pa., April 22, 1822, son of Eobert and Mary (Oliver) Martin. They lived on an island in Lake Erie, where Mr. Mai-tin died about the year 1827. His m.)ther removed to Michigan, thence to La Porte Co., Ind. Mrs. Martin died here, and in 1842 our subject removed to Scott County and lived with his uncle, Joseph Martin, one year. He then purchased 40 acres of his present farm, to which he has added at diiierent times, until now he owns 352 acres of well-improved land. He was in the 14th Iowa Regiment, but did no active ser- vice, his enrollment being but eight months before the close of the war. He was married to Miss Mary A. Brown, who died in 1881. They had six children — Robert C, James S., Mary M., Earnest E., Emma L. and George W. James S. died when'16 years old, and Gtorge W. in infancy. Mr. Martin is school director of his township. In politics, a Republican. BUTLER TOWNSHIP. 1031 La Fayette Martin was born on North Bass Island, of the Put- in-Oaj' Islands, Lake Erie, June (3, 1S27. His ])arents died, leav- ing him an orphan at the age of l-i years. In 18-1:4 he and his brother started for Oregon, and stopi>ed at W'intield Towiisliip, Scott County, to visit their uncle, Joseph Martin. They then formed plans for continuing their journey, but news of IndiaTi out- rages caused them to abandon the trip, and they settled in this county. La Fayette worked for his uncle two years, then kept bach- elors' liall with his brother until Se];teniber, 1852, when he united in marriage witli Debby Ann Brown, a daughter of Zebediah and Hannah Brown, who had emigrated to this county from Virginia the preceding fall. Mrs. Martin died Oct. 23, 1853, leaving an in- fant son, who died soon after. Mr. Martin married Sarah A. Brown, a sister to his first wife, Nov. 2, 1854. Tliey have had five children, four living — Mary Amanda, born Nov. 30, 1855, married W. P. Lower, Feb. 18, 1877; Benjamin Franklin, born May 4, 1859; James Monroe, JLarch 28, 1862, and Melviu Manpiis, Dec. 28, 1868. Mr. Martin owns 440 acres ot line land in Butler Towiisliip, and is one of the prominent and influential citizens of Scott County. His brother, Benjamin F., served in the Mexican war. and died while on liis way home from the Wiir. William A. Martin, son of Thomas and Jane (Larimer) Martin, was born near Martinsburg, Butler Co., Pa., June 22, 1843. His father was a farmer, and he attended school and assisted on the farm. In the spring of 1851 his lather went to California, where he re- mained two years, then located with his family in Rock Island, in. After a short stay tliere he removed to Ilapids City, and from there to Long Grove, Princeton Township, Scott Co. William A. enlisted at Clinton, la., Aug. 16, 1862, in Company G, 20th Iowa Infantry. He was sent to Springfield, and while there was taken witii the measles, and took a severe cold. He was removed to the hospital, where he lay sick three months, hovering between life and death. As soon as he was able he joined his regiment, and was in the campaigns of Missouri, Arkansas, and was present at the sur- render of Vicksburg. He ne.xt went to Yazoo City, Miss., where he was taken with the chills and fever and sent iioine on a sick fur- lough. Four months later, though still unfit for service, he was ordered to join his regiment. At New Orleans he became so much worse that he was sent to the hospital. In 1863 was trans- ferred to Alexandria, Va., to the veteran reserve corps, where he did garrison and guard duty. In the fall of 1864 he was on guard with a detachment at the transportation office until, a short time before the assassination of President Lincoln, he was sent to forcea draft at Scranton, Pa. He was discharged July 4, 1865, at Hart- ford. While he was on duty at Alexandria, he witnessed the exe- cution of a bounty -jumper, who had deserted. He was placed upon his coffiin, his bosom bared, and he was literally riddled with bul- lets. Upon leaving the service he came to Scott Co., where he worked for parties in Princeton Township abowt two years, and in 1032 HISTORY OF SCOTT COCNTT. June, 1867, went to St. Louis, Mo. He was in the United States medical purveyor's office one year, then learned tiie carpenter's trade. While there he was married to Bridget Kennedv, July 26, 1871. She was born in St. Lawrence Ca., N. Y., July"l4-, ISU. Five children have been born of this union — Jennie, born Aug. 1, 1872; Rhoda Ellen, iN'ov. 28, 187-1; Thomas, March IS, 1876; Mat- tie, Nov. 13, 1877. and Emma, April 2, 18S0. One year after his marriage Mr. Martin settled on his farm, where he now resides, in Butler Township. Two of Mrs. Martin's brothers died in tiie Union service. Mr. Martin has held the offices of director and township clerk. John C. Mr.Causland was born near Paradise, Lancaster Co., Pa., May 15, 181^, and was a son of William and Rebecca (Clera- son) McCausland. His mother died at his birth, and his father seven years later. He was cared for by his brother, who was then managing the farm, until he was 17 years old, and during this time attended the public schools of the neighborhood. The estate was then divided among the children. Jolin C. emploj'ed a house- keeper and operated his share of the farm three years, when he sold it, and engaged in droving. On Feb. 1(5, 1836, he was united in marriage with Catharine Garber, who was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., Xov. 12, 1815, and was a daughter of Samuel and Rebecca Garber. After making several moves, Mr. McCausland, in the spring of 1855, located in Butler Township. He bought 320 acres on section 23, and has since bougiit the remainder of the section, and still owns and resides on it. He engaged in breeding thorough- bred cattle for a time, but has since abandoned that business. He ships stock, etc., to his son in Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. McCausland have five children — Anna Rebecca, born Nov. 20, 1836, married L. L. Chapman; Samuel G., born Feb. 17,1840. is engaged in the commission business in Chicago; Thomas W., Feb. 19, 1842, married Laura J. Martin; D. C, born Oct. 29, 1846, married Se- lina Smith; and Catherine Y., born Sept. 14, 1851, is now Mrs. David A. Yocum. Mr. McCausland is one of Scott County's representative men. Thomas W. McCausland, son of J. C. and Catharine McCaus- land, nee Garber, was born near Chambersburg, Pa., Feb. 19,1842. AVhen he was quite small his father moved to what is now Harri- son Co., West Va., and settled on a farm there. His father dealt quite extensively in stock, and at one time Thomas, then only seven years old, helped drive stock to Harrisburg a distance of 325 miles, walking barefooted. He was sent to Pennsylvania to school, and received a good education. In 1855 his father dis- posed of his West Virginia interests and came to this county and settled in Butler Township, Thomas and his brother, S. J. Mc- Causland, making the journey on horseback. The subject of this memoir enlisted in Company G, 20th Iowa Volunteer Infantrj', Aug. 26, 1862. He participated in the skirmish at Newtonia, Mo., the ijattle of Prairie Grove, Ark., and was then detailed to BUTLER TOWNSHIP. 1033 serve on Union gnns at Gen. Tatten's headquarters. While on duty in this capacity he took part in drivini^ Marmadniie from Cape Girardeau, and the siege of Vicksbnrg. He also participated in the siege of Fort Morgan, and the cliarge on Fort Blakely. He then 'Went into the office of the provost marshal at Mobile as clerk, and remained as such until discharged July 26, 1865, and mustered out at Clinton, Iowa. He was married in December, 1866, to Laura J., daughter of Hiram and Margaret J. (Quinn) Martin. Since that event lie has been engaged in farming and dealing in stock. While he has been prosperous in the main he has met with some reverses. A large barn built l)y him, had not been completed six months when it was totally destroyed by a tornado, and within a year or two after aliirgebarn on an adjoining farm was struck by lightning, and together with a large quantity of valuable farm machinery was entirel}' consumed. Mr. Mc- Causland has tilled nearly every township office, having been clerk two years, trustee two years, assessor, three years, director, and is now serving his sixth year as a member of tlie Scott County Board of Supervisor, three years of which served as chairman. He is a director in the Clinton County and president of the Mount Joy District Agricultural Societies. William McMooney was born in Cumberland Co., Pa., April 4, 1828, and was a son of Frederick and Margaret McMooney. He attended the public schools and assisted on his father's farm until he grew to manhood. He was married to Catharine Hutchinson, April 11, 1850. She was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., May 8, 1830, and was a daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (High) Hutchinson, After his marriage Mr. McMooney worked on a farm one season, then started for Iowa, arriving in Princeton Township, Scott Co., after a long and wearisome journey. He engaged in farming in that township about two j'ears, and alter several moves he located in Butler Township. The first four years of his residence here he rented land, tlien bought the farm which he now owns, on sec- tion 14. ;Mr. and Mrs. McMooney have one child, a son Elliott Franklin, who was born in this county May 15, 1856, and is now engaged in managing the farm for his father. Frederick McMooney^ father of the preceding, was born near Lancaster, Pa., on Dec. 25, 1801, of Frederick and ^lary (Bennings) McMooney. When he was quite a small bo}' his parents moved to Franklin Co., Pa., where he attended school, and was married to Margaret, daughter of Gwrge and Jane MoWilliams. Six children were born of this union — Mary Jane, born March 16, 1827, married Schuyler Kincaid; William Mc Williams; Hannah E., now Mrs. Nathan Jones; .Vnn Eliza, now Mrs. R. AV. Miller; John F., married Adaline Smith; and George F., who married Mary Ward. Mrs. Frederick McMooney died about eight years ago. He re- sides with his son William, and celebrated his 80th birthday Dec. 25, 1881. Ernst Mueller was born in Dalil,near Hagen. Province of Wost. 1034 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. phalia, Germany, Nov. 21, 1832, son of Christian and Marianna (Schmidt) Mueller, natives of Germany. Was educated in the common schools of his native place, and at 15 j'cars of a^e was ap- prenticed to the carpenter's trade. In 1851 he emigrated alone to America, and stayed three months in Philadelphia, employed, in a bakery, then returned to East New York, Long Island, 'and worked nine months at his trade. Went then to Amanda, Fairfield Co., O., and engaged in carpenter work two years. In the spring of 1854 he removed to Scott Co., la., and worked at his trade until 1862. Then purchased 160 acres of land in the southeast part of Butler Township, where he lived until 1872. He has since bought several tracts of land in the township, and now owns 640 acres of good land, all improved. He lives on a tract of 235 acres, on sec- tion 16. Mr. Mueller was married March 30, 1862, to Miss Chris- tina Ketelsen. They have si.\ children — Lena, Fredrick, Matilda, Meta, Elvina and Annie. Our subject has been an active, repre- sentative man, having filled nearly everj^ office of trust in the gift of the people of his township, and is at present a member of the State Legislature, which office he has filled with credit for the past 10 years. He is Republican in ])olitics. Both Mr. and Mrs. Mueller are members of the German Lutheran Church. Claus Mundt was born in Holstein, Germany, Nov. 22, 1813. He left his native country for America in 1853, landed in New York, and from there came at once to Scott County. He resided in Davenport two years, then purchased a farm of SO acres in Butler Township, which he still owns. He rents his farm to a man who manages it tor him, as Mr. Mundt is getting too old to do the laborious work required to be done in managing a farm. He mar- ried Margaret Avoid t, Feb. 11, 1823; they have no children. In politics he is a staunch Republican, and in religious views a Lutlieran. Henry H. Pease, son of Israel and Mary Pease, was born in Mid- dletield, Mass., Oct. 29, 1791. His father was a farmer, and he as- sisted on the farm and attended school until he was 15 years old, .vhen he was apprenticed to the fuller and dyer's trade. He served a si.x years' apprenticeship, then worked on a salary a few months, then started on foot for New York State. He arrived in Oswego, N. Y., where his brother, Daniel, had located some years pre- viously. Mr. Pease remained in that State, visiting various lo- calities and working at his trade some three or four years; then went to Clinton Co., O., where he taught a country school for six months, and worked at odd jobs for three months: then went to Owen Co., Ind. He started a select school there, and taught a short time when he was taken with an attack of the ague, and for several months was unable to leave his bed. When he went to settle his bill with his landlord, he found that he was $9 in debt and had but 50 cents with which to pay expenses. But the land- lord was lenient, and accepted Mr. Pease's note for the amount; sufficient to say, it was paid soon after. His next move was to, BUTLER TOWNSHIP. 1036 Clay Co., O., where he taiiglit school about two and one-halt' 3'ear8; then went to Putnam Co., Ind., where he engaged in the same oc- cupation. It wa.s iiere he met Mrs. Nancj' Britton, whom he after- ward married. In the spring of 1827 he went to tlie lead mine at Galena, 111., and worked there in the mines some five years. Then moved to Dubuque, and in partnership with Gen. Warner Lewis kept a general merchandise store. lie was married in Indi- ana Feb. 1, 1837, and about a year after removed to his present res- idence ift Butler Township, which was then a part of Dubuque County. In partnership with Mr. Gratfi)rd lie entered 500 acres of land, and upon a division being made Mr. Pease took 17.5 acres. On this tract he has lived continuously for 44 years. Mrs. Pease died in 18ti3. They have had four ciiildren — Martha J., now Mrs. Wickes; Clinton W., living in Nebraska; Cynthia A., now Mrs. Buell, living in Denver; and Henry J., who still lives at home. Theie are three grandchildren — W. C. Wickes, Myrtle Pease and Winnie C. Buell. Mrs. Pease was a member of the M. E. church. Mr. Pease has many relics of primitive times, among which is an old wooden clock, built some 75 or 80 years since, which still runs and is a good time-](icce, and is valued very highly by its owner. Henry F. Schlotfeldt, son of Hans II. and Kathrina M. (Stol- tenbei'g) Schlotfeldt, was born at Kiel, Prussia, April 11, 1835. His father was a farmer. Henry attended school in Kiel, and was then apprenticed to the weaver's trade. He came with his parents to the United States in 1852, and reached Davenport, Iowa, on Jan. 19 of that year. From Davenport he moved to Butler Township, and rented a farm on section 8, where he resided one year, then moved into the house now occupied by Mr. McCausland. Two years later he purchased tlie farm where his father now lives, aTid where he resided until his marriage to Margaret Kroeger, which occurred Nov. IG, 18.5-lr. She was born March 18, 1843. To them have been born II children — Mary, born Dec. 30, 1800; Henry, Sept. 7, 18(i4; Edward, July 30, 1860; an infant daugliter, now de- ceased, born Feb. 28, 1808; Julius, Feb. 19, 1809; Amiel, Jan 7, 1871; Adolph, May 13, 1873; Matilda, June 20, 1875; Gustaf, Aug. 11, 1877, and Adele, Feb. 15, 1880. Mr. Schlotfeldt resided in Princeton Township one year, in Clinton County one year after his marriage, and since that time has resided in this township. In 1867 he bought 80 acres on section 28, which he traded soon after for 100 acres in section 26, paying $1,100 difference, and has re- sided there since. Edcjar H. Warner, son of Seth and Ann M. (Brown) Warner, was born near Vergennes, Vt., April 8, 1853. When Edgar was quite young, his parents removed to Scott County and settled on land in Princeton Township, which his father had purchased some time previously. They remained there about four years, then lo- cated on section 17, Butler Township. Edgar attended the district schools, and in 1872 entered the preparatory department of Cornell College, Mt. Vernon, Iowa, with the intention of taking a collegiate 1036 HISTORT OF SCOTT COUNTY. course, but failing health compelled hira to return home and give up his cherished project. lie was united in marriage with Henri- etta Birchard, daughter of Greorge and Elizabeth (Stockwell) Bir- chard, Feb. 11, 1875. She was born in Le Claire Township, April 21, 1852, and at the time of her becoming acquainted with Mr. Warner was engaged in teaching school. They have three children — Anna G., born March 8, 1876; Lottie S., Jan. 12, 1878, and Mattie E., Sept. 18, 1880. After his marriage Mr. Warner located on his farm of 85 acres on section 17, Butler Township, which he still culti- vates, but resides on the old homestead of his father since the lat- ter's removal to Davenport. Mrs. Warner is a member of the Christian church. P. O., Barwood. Dudley A. Winia7nswa.s born in Niagara Co., N. Y., Nov. 17, 1819. His parents were Allyn and Lucinda (Knight) Williams. His father moved to Michigan, where he died in 18-11. Our sub- ject received his education in the common schools of Jackson Co., and followed farming there until the spring of 1853, when he re- moved to Scott County, and purchased the farm of 80 acres on which he now lives. He was married in Michigan, in 1844, to Miss Mary Fish, born Dec. 8, 1825. They liave had five children, all of whom died in infancy. They have adopted two children, who now reside with them, as does also Mrs. Williams' mother. Mr. Will- iams has been a life-long Democrat. Postoffice, De Witt. Asmus Woiy was born in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, Sept. 20, 1839. Was educated in Germany, and when 21 years old emi- grated to the United States, coming direct to Davenport, where he worked on a farm six months. Nov. 2, 1861, he enlisted in Com- pany B, IGth Iowa Yolunteers, and remained in Camp McClellan six months. March 26, 1862, his regiment was ordered to St. Louis, and from there to Shiloh. He participated in all the battles of his regiment, including Shiloh, Corinth, siegeof Vicksburg, and others. In 1863 re enlisted for anollier three years, and expected to get a furlough, but before his turn came they were ordered on a scouting expedition to Meridian, Miss. On the 7th of February he was taken prisoner. In company with five comrades he ap- proached a farm house where 31 rebels were disguised in Union uniform, and they were fired upon, Mr. Wolf receiving seven flesh wounds from as many balls. Tv.'o otiier members of the squad were taken with him. For three days they were marched without food. They were finally taken to Cahaba, A la., where they were confined in a cotton gin ten weeks. Then were sent to Anderson- ville. On arriving he had no clothing but a pair of pants and blouse, and for 17 days and nights was obliged to lie on the ground in a continuous rain storm. His rations were a pint of corn meal per day. They had no cooking utensils, but had to mix their food and bake it on slabs of wood. By constant exercise, Mr. Wolf managed to keep uphis health, while all his comrades were reduced to skeletons. He sold a check for §100 on the Davenport bank for $33. After four and a half months he was taken to BUTLER TOWNSHIP. 1037 Charleston, where he remained one niontli, thence to Florida. Here he was treated as badly as at Andersonville. "When an exchange was beinjjj made he was examined three times, but not passed for exchanire. At tlie risk of his life he watched his opportunity and stepped from the line into tiie ranks of the sick, and in this man- ner passed out. He then came home on a three-months furlough, and on rejoining his regiment remained two months and was mus- tered out with them. Aug. 215, IsGo, he married Cathrina Boch. He followed farming and in ISTO purchased a tarm, which now comprises 300 acres. Five children are living — Alvina, Ferdinand, Theresa, Almanda and Ernst. David A. Yocinn,s,on of James and Mary J. (Ash) Yocum, was born Aug. 12, 1848, in Alexandria, Pa. When he was a lad of seven years his parents moved to what is now Lincoln Township, Scott Co., arriving there Nov. 7, 18.55, and settled on a farm, which his father had bought in 1S5-1-. David attended school in Lincoln Township, also the graded schools of Heyetsville, Mo., Cordova, and Port Byron. He was married on the 27th of November, 1871, to Catherine V. McCausland, daughter of J. C. and Catlierine (Garber) McCausland. Their union has been blessed with three cliildren — J. Clenson, born Oct. 6, 1875; Charles Burris, Nov. S, 1876; and Samuel Thomas, June 18, 1879. The spring following his marriage, Mr. Yocum leased his father's farm for one year, and the next March purchased land on section 25, Butler Township, where he now resides, engaged in raising and shipping all kinds of farm produce. He also owns 120 acres of land in Humboldt County. TOWNSHIP OF CLEONA. The township of Cleonais an exclusively agricultural one, there being neither village nor postoffice within its boundaries. It com- prises conoressional township 79, range 1 east. It is wholly prairie, tliere being not more than 15 acres of timber in the en- tire township. Notwithstanding the late date of its settlement, in comparison with the townships lying along the river, it is now all under fence, and under a high state of cultivation. There is practically no waste land in the township. The tirst entry made in the township was by Jacob Royal, Sept. 15, 1851, and comprised the southeast quarter of section 25, town- ship 79, range 1 east. The last was by Ebenezer Cook, Feb. 28, 1856, the north half of the northwest quarter of section 34. Tlie first settlement made in tlie township was in 1851. In April, 1852, Robert Johnson and James Paul entered the west half of the southeast quarter of section 23, and the southeast of the northeast, and northeast of the southeast of the same section. Mr. Paul alone entered the northeast of the southwest quarter of section 23. At that time the only house in the township was John and Joseph Sinter's, on the northeast quarter of section 12. Early in the spring of 1853 Robert Johnson built a ho\ise, hiring the Sinters to help him, and boarding witii them while the work was being done. Thomas Johnson, the father of Robert, went on his claim in April, 1853, and during the same year broke 20 acres of land. James Paul broke 30 acres in the same time. In the fall of 1853 William Paul, a brother of James, with his family came out, and James erected a house on his claim, in which his brother lived until 1858. The Suiters came to this country from England. Joseph is now dead, and John now lives in Iliekory Grove Township. The Johnsons and Pauls came from Ireland. James is yet living in the township, and William is in Cedar County. Thomas Johnson and wife died in Walcott in 1875. B. P. Putnam came in 1854 from Ohio, and settled on section 19. He is now dead. Jacob and George Wetherhold came as early as 1854-. They were from Germany, and were the tirst of that na- tionality to settle in the township. Jacob moved to Crawford Co., la", and George is now living at Durant. Ephraim Ellis, an Englishman, came in 1854, and after remaining here some years moved to Linn Co., la. Samuel Leamer came here from Penn- sylvania in 1856 and broke prairie, returning to Pennsylvania the same year. In 1857 Samuel and Washington came for permanent settlement. Samuel returned to his native State in about two years, while Washington remained here, and in 1861 enlisted in (1038) CLEONA TOWNSHIP 1041 the army; served three years, and tlien went back to his native State. John and Conrad Le Granjje settled here in 1856. Con- rad now lives in Pleasant Valley, while John resides in Iowa County. Franklin Ball located here in 185t>, but left soon after. His pres- ent place of abode is unknown. John and Joel Olds settled here in 1S57. John is dead, and Joel removed to' Kansas. Will- iam M. Murray came about 1857. He is now dead, as is also his wife. Charles Steer came about 1856. He now resides in Gutlirie Co., la. Henry Eu;bert came in 1S56, and was prominently iden- tified witli the township for some j'ears. He now resides in Dav- enport. C. M. Stevens, wife and son Morgan came in 1856 Irom New York. They are all dead. Gothardt Moeller, from Germany, broke ground here in 1850, and settled on his claim in 1857, on section 24. He has retired from active business, and resides in "Walcott. The first marriage in the township was that of John Jamison, of Le Claire, and Annie Johnson, wlio were united in 1854. The first birth was John Suiter, in 1852, a son of the first settler in the township. He is still living, and resides in Hickory Grove Township. The first death was a daughter of Gothardt Moeller, in 1857. The first step in the educational jjrogress was in 1857. Robert Johnson, Washington and Samuel Leamer, B. P. Putnam, Ephraim Ellis, Franklin B:dl and James Paul met for the purpose of decid- ing upon a location fur a school-house. After voting several times, it was found no agreement could lie reached at that meet- ing, so it M-as adjourned. Franklin Ball then, without authority, liad it built on section 28, but it was soon after removed to section 31, where it yet remains. The first teacher employed was Harriet Callen, who received 816 per month for her services. The second school-house erected was in 1861, on section 24. The Board of Directors at this time was Henry Egbert, Johnson J. Young, E. Lincoln and James J'aul. There are now in the township eight sub districts, each ha\ ing a frame school-house, the total value of which is 84,050. The school census of 1881 shows 310 persons between the ages of 5 and 21. The first religious services held in the township were by Rev. W. G. Shand, in the first years of the settlement of the township, but no organization has ever been efiected, or house of worship erected. Surrounded as it is on every side by villages in close proximity, the citizens of the township have worshiped with tliose denominations nearest their homes. The township of Cleona was organized in 1857. The name was suggested by B. P. Putnam, the meaning of which was said by him to be fair or beautiful country, a name well applied, for, as originally seen, it was beautiful indeed; the grand prairies covered with luxuriant herbage, the many-colored fiowers witli which they were decked, all tended to make it fair to behold. Now that it 60 10-1:2 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. has been cultivated by man, it is no less fair to behold, and is such a country as one is pleased to live in. BIOGBAPHICAL. H. Beinl-e, one of the substantial farmers of Cleona Township, was born in Prussia, Sept. 19, 1820. He left there for the United States in September, 1844, and landed in New York, Jan. 1 of the following year. He worked in New York City, Plymouth, and Bos- ton, Mass., until 1S51, when he returned to his native country and visited the scenes of his childhood. He remained six weeks, then returned to JNew York, thence to Plymouth. In the spring of 1852 to went to California, and from there to Australia, where lie worked in the mines nearly two years; then went to South America and the Isthmus of Panama. In ]856 he came to Scott County and settled in Hickory Grove Township, where he stayed until 1862, when he moved to Cleona Township, which has been his home since. He was married to Louisa Illian, on the 28th of June, 1857. To them have been born six children — Lena, born in 1852; Henry, Feb. 17, 1860; Rickey, Feb. 6, 1863; Louis, July 7, 1865; Charley, Feb. 5, 186T; Mary, April 17, 1872. All the children are living at home except Lena, who resides on her father's farm in Cedar County, which he bought 15 years ago, paying ^25 an acre for it, and would not take 850 an acre for it now. He belongs to the Liatheran church, and in politics is a Republican. Hans Ervoldt was born in Holstein, Germany, June 4, 1837, and emigrated to America in 1857. He landed at New Orleans and came up the Mississippi River to Scott County. He did farm labor two years, then rented a farm four years; subsequently bought 80 acres in Liberty Township, which he sold four years later and bought 240 acres in Cleona Township, where he now re- sides. He owns 200 aci'es of fine farming land, and raises grain and stock for the market. He was married to Henrietta Shafer, in February, 1868. Their children are — Willie B., born Nov. 11, 1868; Helena B., April 7, 1870; John, Oct. 18, 1874; Charles B., May 10, 1879, and Amanda B., Sept. 20, 1880. In politics Mr. Ervoldt is a Republican. Oothardt MoeUer was born in Mecklenburg, Germany, May 24, 1826. He emigrated to America in 1850, and landed in New Orleans, where he remained three years, then came to Scott County. He located in Blue Grass Township, where he resided five years, then removed to Cleona Township and bought a farm of 160 acres. He has added to this until he now owns 706 acres of land, all under good cultivation. He has retired from active life, and has built himself a fine residence in Walcott, -where he is enjoying the fruits of a well spent life. He was married to Mary "Westphal in 1852, in the city of New Orleans. They have had five children — Charles, born in 1854; Anna, in 1856, married Al- bert Vamer; Earnest, in 1859, and Herman, in 1861. The children CLEONA lOWNSHIP. 1043 are .ill tnarried and have comfortable homes of their own. Mr. Moeller is one of the early settlers of Scott County, and has always been foremost in every project to advance lier interests, and in- crease her prosperity. Charle-i H. Modler was born in the State ot Louisiana, June 15, 1852. His tather came to Davenport from Louisiana, and followed farming for several years, then helped to build the railroad from Davenport to Walcott, and built the depot at the latter place. The subject of this sketch was married Feb., 17, 1S77, to Frederica Smallbeldt. Their union has been blessed with two children — Mat- tie, born Aug. 31, 1S79, and Herman, born May 8, 18S0. Mr. Moeller owns a finely cultivated farm of 240 acres, and has been very successful as an agriculturist. Earliest E. Moeller was born in Cleona Township, Scott Co., Iowa, April, 1S5S, and is a son of (Jrothardt Moeller, a native of Germany, born May 24, 1826. He emigrated to America in 1850, and settled on a farm in Cleona Township. Iowa. The subject of this sketch received his education in D.avenport, and attended the college here two years. He was married to Laura Wiese, Feb. 27, 1880. By this union there is one child, born Feb. 27, 1881. Mr. Moeller owns a fine farm of 160 acres, and is engaged in raising stock and grain, and always finds a read}- market in Walcott. Hernvtn D. Moeller was born in Cleona Township, Scott Co. Iowa, Dec. 24. 1861. He was reared on the farm where he now resides, and educated in the common schools. He was married to Miss Tracy Stoltenburg, March 23, 1881. Mr. Moeller owns one of the finest cultivated farms in the County of Scott, and is extensively engaged in raising grain and stock. Although a young man he is enterprising and energetic, and bids fair to make life a success. James Paul is a native of Ireland, born Jan. 29, 1825. He ft his native country and landed in America, May 17, 1847, at N w York, where he remained one day, then went to Philadelphia, thence to Boston, then back to Philadelphia, where he resided until April 13, 1850. when he left for Davenport, la. In 1851 here- turned to the East, and stayed there until March 17, 1852, when he came again to Scott County, locating in Le Claire. He subsequently accepted a situation as salesman in a lumber yard at East Daven- port, which he retained until March, 1857, when he moved to his farm in Cleona Township, which he entered in the spring of 1852, and has followed that occupation since. He now owns 120 acres of land in this townsiiip, well improved and stocked. In 1870 he entered 2,i>7n acres of land in Nebraska. He has held the offices of supervisor and school director a number of years. Was also treas- urer of the School Board in 1861 and in '73 and '74. He was married to Margaret Paul, June 13, 1859. They have had five children— Willie born June 25, 1864; Anna, Feb. 12,1869; John, Jan. 25, 1871; Martha Emily, June 24, 1876, and David Alexander, Oct. 17, 1878. Mr. ■ Paul has been raised a Presbyterian, liis parents being members of that church. 1044 UISTOEY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Henry Paust'wn was born in Holstcin, Germany, May 24, 1S52. He emigrated to America in 1S72, and came immediately to Scott County. He worked at anything he could get to do, until the past three vears, when he bought the farm he now lives on in Cleona Township. He owns 160 acres of good land, and raises grain for the market, at Walcott. He married Mary Rush, in Hickory Grove Township, in April, 1S75. Tiiey have fuur children — Dora, born in September, 1876; Mena. Feb. 5, 1877; Alvina, in August, 1879, and Louie, in December, ISSl. They are all living at home with their parents. Henry Petersen is a native of Sohleswig, Germany, born Nov. 3 1832. He sailed from Hamburg, Aug. 1, 1853, for the United States, and located in Davenport the 10th of October of that year. He worked as a farm iiand one year, and rented a farm in 185.5. In 1859, he bought a farm in Nebraska, which he sold in 1862, and moved to Port Byron, 111. In 1867, he bought a farm of 80 acres on section 5, Cleona Township, where he now resides. He has added to that purchase, until he owns 240 acres of the finest land in the county. He was married to Helena Mary Henson in May. 1857. They have had eight children — Peter, born in November. 1862; Frank, in April, 1864; Albert, in April. 1867; Henry and Mary, twins, were born in November, 1869; William, in Novem- ber, 1871; George, in February, 1873, and Arnold, May 31, 1877. Mr. Petersen has made all his money by his own personal exer- tions, as he was robbed of all he had while on board the vessel bound for Detroit, Mich., via the Lakes. He is a member of the Lutheran church, and in politics is a Republican. .John Eeimers is a native of Holstein, Germany, born Nov. 27, 1830. He emigrated to America in 1862, and landed in New York; from there he went to Rock Islatid, 111., and juirchased a farm be- tween that city and Moline, where he lived four years; then re- moved to Cedar Co. One year later he located in Cleona Township, Scott County, where lie now resides, and owns 86 acres of well-improved land, and a good house and barn. Everything ahdut the place speaks of plenty and comfort. He married Anna Kroel, in Germany. They have four children — Lena; Anna, now Mrs. Jacob Shor, resides in Cedar Co., la., Julia and Mary. The first two children were born in Germany, the latter two in Rock Island. William Eeins is a native of Wuldick, Prussia, born March 7, 1821. He emigrated to America in April, 1859, and landed at New York, and came immediately to Davenport, via Chicago. He worked on a farm one year, then rented land seven years, and in 1868 bought 120 acres on section 4, Cleona Township, and has added to this purchase until he now owns 280 acres of fine land, value 1 at $60 an acre. He was married to Menia Rodolph, in Davenport, in May, 1859. Sliewas an old playmate of his in Ger- many, and emigrated to America in the same ship. They have had six children — Ricka, born Oct. 30, 1859, married Christ. CLENOA TOWNSHIP. 1045 Brmik; Melia. No\'. fi, 1862; Mollie, Dec. 31, 1863; Millie, Sept. 14. 186C; Rodolpii, Nov. 9, 1S6S, and Lena, May 1, 1873. Herman Si'hiapkohl was born in Rock Island Co., III., Oct. 10, 18.54. lie lived on Governtnent Island until lie was seven years old then moved with his parents to Rock Island, where the3' re- sided two years, then came to Olcona Township. He lived with his father until his marriage, which occurred April 30, 1879, with Johanna Hass. His t'atlier built him a house, and established him in l)usiiiess. He is t'arniing Kitl acres of rich land and is doing well. On the 5th of June, 1880, a tornado swept over the county, and destroyed everything on his farm except his house. Much dauiage was done in Liberty Township. Mr. Schlapkohl was elected township clerk Nov. 2, 1S80, and still holds that office. He has been elected constable four years. In religious views he is a free thinker, and in ])olitics neutral. Henry Stout was born in Germany. Oct. 6, 1839. He emigrated to America in 1867, and came at once to Scott County. He worked three years on a farm for John Front, then purchased the farm where he now resides, on section 7, Cleona Township. It consists of 80 acres of good land, well improved. He was married to Ma- tilda Frump Dec. 2.^, 1872. Their union has been blessed with si.x children — Lena, Tenna B., John B., Ottorf B., Menna B. and Emma B. Mr. Stout is a Democrat in politics, and is one of the representative men of his township. Ira O. iS^cam was born in the State of New Jersey, July 13, 1833. He came to Scott County in 1856, and landed at Daven- port, the sole owner of M) cents. He worked by the day for 50 cents a day until 1859, when he engaged in farming. He rented a farm and had to work hard to keep tiie interest paid up. He cleared $2,400 above all expenses, then was drafted into the United States service, and, owing to sickness, had to hire a substitute; this took all his hard-earned savings, and he had to begin anew. The next year he cleared $L800, and in 1872 he purchased the place where he now resides. It contains 80 acres of good land and well im- proved. He married Fanny Winans, of Rockaway, N. J., Feb. 11, 1856. She was born Dec. 30, 1838. Their union has been blessed with four children — Martha, born Dec. 18, 1856, married Albert Fuller Julv 6, 1880; George M., born Jan. 11, 1864; Fanny H., March IS, 1868, and Edward, March 25, 1880. Mr. Swain worked in New Jersey for 10 cents a day to learn the edge-tool trade. He has in his possession a double barreled gun of his own manufacture. The barrels are made of the hull of a mowing scythe that was brought from the East in 1856; the breech pins of harrow teeth that were brought here from Vermont in 1852; another part was made from the crank that drove the sickle bar of the first Mc- Cormick reaper that ever came into the State. The ribs that holds the barrels were made from the sickle bar of the first Riley reaper that was introduced into the State. He also has an English penny that was coined in 1797; it is the size of a silver dollar and twice as 1046 HISTORY OF SCOTf COUNTY. thick; and the jaw tooth of a horse that weighs oue and three- fourths pounds. George Weatherholt is a native of Prussia, born July 22, 1S15. He left his native country for America July 18, 1836, and landed at New York City where he remained a short time, then went to Buffalo, N. Y., thence to Pennsylvania, which was liis home until 1853, when he came to Scott County. He stayed one year in Dav- enport, then located in what is now Cleona Township, then called New Liberty. He bought 600 acres of land at $1.25 an acre. He built a house and farmed on this land until 1881, when he retired from active life and went to live with his daughter, Mrs. Eliza- beth Heinley, in Durant, Cedar Co., la. He was marri ed in Dav- enport, Jan. 1, 1854, to the wife of his deceased brother. Her maiden name was Kinney Frape. She had two children by her lirst husband — Daniel, died at the age of IS years and Elizabeth now Mrs. Heinley. Mr. Weatherholt has held the- offices of road supervisor and justice of the peace. Politically he is a Demo crat, and in religious views a.'Presbyterian. Joachim Westphal is a native of Mecklenburg, Germany, born June 12, 1826. He emigrated to America in May, 1859. and came at once to Scott County, via New York and Chicago. He worked by the day and month in Cleona Township until 186-4, when he bought a farm, and afterward traded it for the one he now owns, which contains 200 acres. He raises grain and stock sufficient for his own use, and rents most of his land. He mar- ried Dora Tedor in 1865, and by lier has had one child — Anna, born Oct. 20, 1873, who goes to school in District No. 7. Mr. Westphal is school director and justice of the peace. Hems Wiese was born in Holstein, Germany, Sept. 2, 1825. He emigrated to this country and landed in Ncm' Orleans, June S, 1847. From there he came to Davenjiort, via Red and Missis- sippi Pivers. He remained here until the fall of 1848. when he went back to New Orleans, and worked on a tug boat that carried passengers from the Gulf of Me.xico to New Orleans, some time; then went to St. Louis and followed teaming until the spring of 1850, when he returned to Davenport. He worked on a farm seven years, then bought 160 acres in Cleona Township, wliere he now resides. He now owns 280 acres in this, and 280 acres in Liberty Township, nuiking 560 acres of line land. He was married Sept. 2, 1860, to Trona Tierfoeldt. They have two children- Laura, now Mrs. Ernest Moeller, and Amelia. Mr. Wiese be- longs to the Lutheran church, and in politics is a Democrat. B. Winans was born in the State of New Jersey, June 12, 1809. He was reared there, and educated in the schools of Elizabeth City. He came to Scott Count}' in 1856, and a few weeks after his arrival here, he purchased 80 acres of laud in Cleona Township which he still owns. He was married to Hannah Hughes, Feb. 14, 1838. She was born and reared in Newark, N. J. Their union was blessed with six children — Fanny, born in December, CLEONA TOWNSHIP. 1047 1846, married Ira Swain; John, born in August, 1848; Mary, in 1850, married diaries Jones; George, in 1852, is married and re- sides on the old homestead; Eliza, now Mrs. Andrew Olds, was born in 1854. Mr. Winans is at present staying with his daughter, Mrs. Olds. He has been very successful in a financial way and has done much for his children. DAVENPORT TOWNSHIP. This township is tlie largest in the county, and its settlement dates back to 1834, with Antione Le Claire as the first settler. This township has bluff lands that are somewhat broken near the river, until a point is reached above the city of Davenport. The blufl^, or timber line, between the river and prairie is from one to two miles wide, and was formerly well wooded. By the bluffs of the Missis- sippi River is not meant that they are an abrupt or perpendicular ascent, but a gentle rise from the river or bottom lands; not so steep but roads may be constructed up almost any part of them. The general elevation of these blufis or high lands j is about 100 feet above the waters of the Mississippi, and in many places of very gentle ascent, and covered with cultivated fields and gardens. But Davenport Township differs from all others upon the river in the beautiful rolling prairies, immediately back from the river, after passing the bluffs. These prairies are not broken, as is common with those that approach so near the river, but are susceptible of the highest cultivation. Back of the city of Daven- port, the slope from the top of the bluff to Duck Creek, covered as it is with garden and fields, is one of uncommon beauty and richness. Duck Creek, which passes through the whole length of this township, rises in Blue Grass, some 10 miles west of Davenport, and running east, empties into the Mississippi some five miles above the city. It affords an ample supply of water for stock, and is never dry in summer, being fed by numerous springs along its course. Its Indian name is Si-ka-ma-que Sepo, or Garcreek, instead of Duck Creek. The history of Davenport Township is so closely identified with the history of the city that but little can be said without its being a repetition of what has already been written of the city. The first settlement was made within the present limits of the city, and the first land broken was also within its present limits. "Among the settlers in the spring of 1836," says Willard Bar- rows, " was John Wilson, or ' Wild-Cat Wilson,' as he was called, who was an old ' claim maker,' and commenced making a claim on the edge of the prairie, on the Blue Grass road from Davenport. The Indians who were then living on the Iowa River frequently came in here to the trading liouse of George Davenport, on the island. The trail passed directly across where Wilson was making his claim. He was cutting trees for logs, and had some two or three yoke of oxen hauling them together for the house when a company of Indians came along on the way to the trading house. lols DAVENPORT TOWNSHIP. 1049 They were a part of the disaftecteil band of Black Hawk, and, as usual, felt cross and bitter toward tlie white man, whom they looked upon as an intruder. They ordered Wilson to desist from making any improvements; told him that he should not live there, and that he must leave. 'Old Wild-Cat ' who was used to Indians, with' whom he often had difficulties, and most probably with some of this very band, took little head of what they said, but urged on his work without any fear of trouble from them. The Indians, after remaining in Davenport ami on the island for a few days, left for their home, full of whisky and ripe for a quarrel. On ar- riving at Wilson's they rode up to tiie spring, near which the house was building. They got off and turned their ponies loose, laid off their blankets and deliberately prepared for a fight. Wilson and his two sons were all there were oi' the whites. Wilson was a short dis- tance in the woods chopping. Tiie attack was made upon James, who was driving tlie team. He ran for his father and Samuel. On their arrival, the old man, who never feared Indian or white man, bear or wild-cat, pitched in for a general figlit. The Indians, some 12 or 14 in number, soon had ' Old Wild-Cat ' down, when one of the boys, not having any weapon, unyoked an ox, and with the bow knocked down two or three of the Indians, which released his father, who, springing to his feet, caught his ax, which he had dropped in the first onset, and turning upon them struck an Indian in the back, splitting him open from the neck nearly to the small of the back. This dampened the ardor of the savages for a mo- ment, when Wilson, calling on his boys to fight, and raising the ' Wild-Cat ' yell, he made at them again, when they gathered up the wounded Indian and tied He soon died, and tlie next Sunday the Indians gathered in great numbers in the neighborhood of Wilson's, with threatening aspects. Wilson, with his boys and a few neighbors, was forted in John Frida3''s cabin, where the In- dians kept them nearly all day. A runner was sent to Mr. Le Claire and Col. Davenport, who settled the matter with the In- dians and cautioned them about traveling across the lands of ' Old Wild-Cat,' telling them of his threats: that he would scalp the first 'red skin' he caught upon that trail. The Indians made a new trail from Davenport running further north, through Little's Grove, and were never known to pass Wilson's after that affair." GILBERT This is a small, unplatted village about two miles above Daven- port, and has in it one general store, a hotel and two saloons. The village and neighborhood are settled principally by Germans. RELiGiors. The religious history of the township is connected with that of the city, there being no churches outside of the city. 1050 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. SCHOOLS. The first scliool in tlie township was about two miles below Davenport, and held as early as 1838. Several families living in the neighborhood clubbed together and hired a man named Mc- Gregor, an Irishman, who taught a three months' term. ' The township of Davenport has now nine sub-districts, with eight frame and one stone school-house, valued at $15,000. In addition to which there are two independent districts, with good frame houses in each, one valued at $1,500, and the other at $2,500 ; making a total of $19,710 for the township. EAKLY SETTLEES. Among the earlv settlors of the township was Adam Noel, who died in the city of Davenport, Aug. 20, 1872. A local paper of that day says of him : " Adam Xoel was born Jan. 10, 1300, in Westmoreland Co., Pennsylvania. He removed to wliat was then styled the new pur- chase in the year 1835, locating in Dubuque Co., Wisconsin Territory, now Scott Co., Iowa. He first built his cabin in what is sometimes and better known among old settlers as Mitchell's Grove, a few hundred feet north of 'Mercy Hospital.' In the course of a year or so he entered 160 acres at $ 1.25 per acre, run- ning from the present Brad\' street to Gaines street, and from Locust street, north, on a porti'in of which ground is the present Scott County Fair Grounds. He laid out two additions to the city of Davenport, the first on the west side of Brady street, the second on the east side and along Harrison street. His tamih' consisted of wife, two sons and two daughters. Adam Noel was a mechanic, being a carpenter and also a chair- maker, having established quite a large furniture manufactory in Pennsylvania, which he sold when struck with the "Western fever." His first business after coming West was working as a carpenter on obi Fort Armstrong, on Rock Island, and although he ranked among the farmers of the county, he never farmed until he came here. He lived and died in full faith with the Roman Catholic Church, being a member of St. Marguerite's Church, from which his funeral took place. He was all his life a firm, reliable Democrat. He was buried by the '• Old Settlers." BIOGEAPHICAL. John S. AcMey is a native of Pennsylvania, being born in Blair County, in that State, April 3, 1837. His parents are Daniel and Elizabeth (Shaw) Ackley, also natives of Pennsylvania. The elder Ackley was a manufacturer of iron in Pennsylvania, and was connected witn the ^tna Iron Works. In 1851 the family came UAVENl'OKT TOWNSUIl'. 1051 to Scott County and located on a farm in Davenjtort Township. The father died on tlie lioniestead, November, lb7-t, and tlie mother yet resides there. John S. remained with his parents until 21 years of age, varying his time in assisting his father on the farm and in attending the commcni schools, the only educational advantages enjoyed. When he left the paternal home- stead he went South and traveled until the commencement of the war, when he returned to Iowa and enlisted Aug. li, 1861, in the Second Iowa Cavalry and served three years and three months, being engaged in various cam])aigns in Missouri, Tennessee, Ala- bama and Mississippi. At the expiration of his term of service, he returned to Scott County and engaged in farming, which occu])ation he yet follows. On the 10th day of November, 1S70, he was united in marriage with Elizabeth, daughter of John and Eliza (Charlton ) Watt, who was born Nov. 21, 1843, in Fnltou Co.. Penn. Mrs. Ackley's parents were also natives of Penn- sylvania. Mr. W-dtt died in Pennsylvania, and the widow and family moved to Scott Count}' in 1867. Mrs. Elizabeth Ackloy died Jan. 6, 1881. Three children have been born unto Mr. and Mrs. Ackley — Frank J., Henry M. and John S. In tlie fall of 1880, Mr. Ackley was elected a member of the Jioard of Supervisors. He has also held the offices of assessor and township clerk for many years. In 1871 he moved with his family on to the present farm, whicli consists of 110 acres, worth !?loO per acre. Mr. Ackley's first presidential vote was for Abraham Lincoln, and he has been steadfast to the Republican principles as advocated by " Honest Abe " to this time. Roll'in L. Adams^ was born in Lorain Co., Ohio, Aug. 22, 1831:, and was a son of Albert and Lucinda M. Adams, nee llartson. His father was a native of Pittstield, Mass., and died Dec. 12, 1881. His mother was bt)rn in Lisle, Broome Co., N. Y., and died in 1856; both on the old homestead in Beloit, Wis. The subject of this memoir received his ])rimary education at Beloit College, Wis., from wiiich he graduated iu 1861, and the same year entered the Presbyterian Tlieological Seminary at Chicago, 111., and in 1862 entered the army as a soldier, and remained to the end of the war, then resumed his studie:* in Chicago, graduating soon after. He was placed in charge of a church at Linn Grove, la., and remained there tsvo years, when he went to Harvard, Mcllenry Co., 111., jaiid labored as pastor of a church at that place four years, thence to New Boston, 111. In 1871 he removed to Le Claire, la., where he had charge of the Presbyterian church si.K years. Since 1879 he has been a resident of Davenport. In 1867 he was married to Eliza Cummins, who was born in Dayton Co., Ohio, in 1839. Mr. Adams is a person of superior nifjutal endowments, and is an elo- quent speaker. Claus Avp was born in Ilolstein, Germanj", Aug. 23, 1827, and was the son of David and Unked Arp, both natives of Germany. His mother died in Germany and his father emigrated to America 1052 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. in 1870, where lie died in 1873. Ciaiis was educated in the com- mon schools, and reared on a farm. Previous to his coming to America he served in the German army. In 1857 he came to America and hired out as a fanix hand for a time; then he and his brother commenced farming for themselves, their sister keeping house for them. In 1862 he married Elzeba Soperafrom, also born in German}^ and came to America in 1861. She died in 1866, leaving two children, — Theodore and Hans. Mr. Arp was again married in 1867 to Dora Credenckneksh. who was born in llo\- stein, Germany, and came to America in 1865. By this wife Mr. Arp has five children, — Minnie, Herman, Mattie, Otto, and Delia. Mr. Arp owns 210 acres of land in Davenport Township. Ho is a Republican. Henry Arp, son of Datlef and Anlbee (Untied) Arp, was born in Ilolstein, Germany, Aug. 21, 1825. His niDther there die^l, and his father came to America in 1870, and soon after died. Henrv was reared in his native country and there learned the trade of weaver, with his father, and continued with him until 1817, when he emigrated to this country and located in Scott Connty. Hero he worked for some years as a farm hand, not having the money to pay even the Governtilent price of $1.25 per acre for land he might own. He was married in 1856 to Caroline Fay, who was likewise a native ofHolsteiu, Germany, and who came to this country in 1851. Soon after his marriage he purchased the farm on which he resides, in addition to which he has added other farms, and now owns 503 acres in the townships of Davenport, Blue Grass, and Hickory Grove. Thirteen children have blessed their union, eleven of whom are now livintj, — Dorias, (Emma, now Mrs. Au- gust Gottsch), Minnie A. (now Mrs. Ferdinand Rockenkamp), Will- iam, Clara, Henry, Augusta, Julia, Tlieresa, Albert. Mr. Arp has been identified with school interests for 10 years, and has also held the office of township treasurer. In politics he is a Republi- can. Johb C. BalJuff, son of Bernhart and Margaret (Fisher) Ballhuff, was born in Germany, Feb. 26, 1829, and came to America. May, 1851, his first landing being in Baltimore, where he worked for a few montlis as a stone-cutter. From Baltimore he went to St. Louis, and from there to Washington, Mo., where he spent his first winter in America. Returning to St. Louis in the spring of 1855, he took a boat for Davenport, where he located and worked as a painter and stone-cutter. His first work here was on the German Catholic church and the buildings of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad depot. He worked at these trades liere for about 18 years. In 1857 he organized the first band in the place, and continued to play with it till 1875. He then engaged in the grocery trade on the North Davenport road, which business lie yet continues. In 1858 he married Matilda Hesse, daughter of Andrew and Anna B. He>s, who was born April 9, 1811, and who came with her parents to America in 1854. Ten children were born unto tliem — August DA.VENPOKT TU\VN^5HII•. 1053 A., Mary A., Joliii B., Ignatius E., Albert A., Lucy M., Clara A., Frank G., Andrew E., Joseph B. Mr. Ballhuffis a Democrat. John 11. B. John II. re- mained with his father six years after coming to Scott County, then began farming for himself in Lincoln Township. He was married to Jane llerron, a native of Pennsylvania. They have three chil- dren — Piiilemon S.. Josephine and Seymour. In 1868 Mr. Barr removed to Da\enport Township, where he now resides. He owns 20 acres in Davenport Township, valued at .sl25 an acre, and a farm of 120 acres in Lincoln Township. He is treasurer of the School Board. In politics he is a Democrat. Mrs. Barr is a mem- ber of the Baptist church. Mr. Barr is one of Davenport Town- ship's representative mer). Giistav Berminann was born in Hanover, Germany, and is the son of Alexander and Louisa (Strieker) Berminann. His father was born in Prussia and his mother in Hesse, Germany. His father came to America in 18.51 and located in Wisconsin, where he remained one year, when he came to Scott Countv and resided in Davenport three years. In 1855 he moved to Gilbert and en- gaged in hotel and saloon business, which occupation lie continued until death. In 1853 Gus went to St. Louis and entered Jones' Business College, from which he graduated as bookkeeper. Re re- turned to Scott County and in due time succeeded to his father's business in Gilbert, continuing in the same to tlie present time. In 1858 he was appointed deputy postmaster, and in 1861 became postmaster, and has since held the office. In 1858 he made a trip to Germany, where he formed a matrimonial alliance in IMay, 1859, with Ida Groene, who was born in Prussia in 1S3!I. They soon after came to Scott County, to the home of Mr. Bermniann. in Gilbert. Eight children have been born unto them — Alexander, Alfred, Lillie, Irwin, Otto, Adolpli, Emil, Adele. In 1876 Mr. Bermmann was elected justice of the peace, which office he vet retains. In the same yea.v he started a ferry between Gilbert and Moline, which he has since continued to run in thesummer of each _year. In politics he is an ardent Republican, and the leading business man of the town of Gilbert. In 1868 his building was burned, and he rebuilt in the fall of the same year. His billiard room is furnished with a new and inijirovcd billiard table of mod- ern style. Levi S. Blachnan was born in the district of Montreal, Canada, April 3, ISIO. His father, Gideon Blackman, was a native of Ver- mont; and his mother, Mary Blackman, nee Springer, a native of Connecticut. His motiier died when he was but five days old. His father subsequently married and moved to Geneseo Co., N. Y., when Levi was seven years of age, and where he remained three years, and then moved to London District, Canada, and remained 105i HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 21 years. Levi became disgusted with Canada in early life, and vowed that he would not remain there. In 1S36, he was united in marriage witli Susan Parker, who was born in Ontario Co., N. Y. , May 12, 1821. In 1S3S, with his wife, he moved to Iowa, and set- tled" in Buffalo Township, where he improved one of the finest farms in the county; his orchard being unexcelled. By this mar- riage he had eight children — Hall H. ( who at the breaking out of the war enlisted in the Second Iowa Cavalry, and who died in Memphis), Marion M., Andrew J., Edwin A., S. Grant, Mary E., Frank L., and William M. The latter was accidentally killed by a fall from an engine that he was oiling near Bloomington, 111. Mrs. Blacknian died in 185Jr, and Mr. Blackman again married choosing as a companion Mary E. Evans, of Ohio. Six children have been born unto them — Levi S., Rush E., Susan, Warden L., Kate E., J. L. D. In politics Mr. Blackman is a Republican. His presentjplace of residence is in Davenport Township. T. P. BorcKers was born in Holstein, Germany, Sept. 6, 1S34. His parents were John and Anna Borchers, nee Steel, who were also natives of Holstein, and emigrated to America in 1850, and settled in Scott County, where they still reside. The subject of this biography received a common-school education in his native land, where he was reared on a farm. lie came to America in 1854, and located in Scott County. He worked as a farm hand until the breaking out of the war, when he enlisted in the Second Iowa Cavalry, and served four years and two months, under Colonel El- liott. He was in 85 battles and skirmishes during his service ; he entered as a private and was discharged as orderly sergeant. At the close of the war he returned to Scott County and engaged in farming for himself, in Davenport Township, and in 1878 moved to his present farm. He was appointed postmaster of Davenport Township, Green Tree postoffice, in 187S, a position he still re- tains. He was married in 1856 to Anna Peters, who was born in Holstein, Germany, Dec. 6, 1832. They have two children — Charles and Anna (now Mrs. Jacob Lohr). In politics he is a Republican. Hoi'ace Bradley, iovwth son of Benedict and Sybil (Doolittle) Bradley, was born in New Haven, Conn., Dec. 5, 1816. His father died when he was but five years of age, and Horace remained with his mother until he was 22 years old, his time being spent in work upon the farm, with now and then a few months attendance upon the common schools. At 22 he startep to Davenport, and arrived June 4, 1838. He here engaged as a farm hand for some months, and then, with Doolittle, Moss & Co., in milling, at mouth of Duck Creek, which business he continued for seven years. This mill was one of the first in the county, it having an uprisrht saw. Many of the first houses in Davenport were built by lumber supplied from this mill. In 1840 he united in marriage with Elanor M. Lindsay, who was born in Blairsville, Penn., Aug. 13, 1820, and who is the daughter of Thomas and DAVElfPORT TOWNSHIP. 1055 Sarah ( McGuire) Lindsay. Mr. and Mrs. Bradley have liad five children, all of whom have died — Thomas B., died aged two months; Sarah A., aged two years; Sylvester, aged 10 years; two in in- fancy. They are both members of St. Marguerite Catholic Church. In politics, Mr. Bradley is a Democrat. On the oi-ganization of the State militia, in 1839, a company was organized in which Mr. Bradley was first lieutenant, and William P. Eldridge, captain. The company was never called out for active duty but upon one occasion, that of the Missouri war, an account of which is given on a previous page. Mr. Bradley sold tiie first wheat ever sold for shipment, in 1839. Johnson Brown came to Scott County in 18.51, via St. Louis, from Pennsylvania. lie purchased a farm on his arrival here, but could not obtain possession of it, and therefore engaged with Dav- enport & Le Claire in their machine shops, wliere he continued three years, when lie moved to the farm, where he has since con- tinued to reside. Johnson Brown was born in Columbia Co., Penn., Aug. 2S, lS13. His parents were William and Mary Brown, the maiden name of Mrs. Brown being Rook. His father died in 1846, and his mother in 1853. In 1837 Johnson Brown and Sarah Price were married in Schuylkill Co., Penn. Two children were born unto them — Jarvis and Thomas, the latter of whom is dead. Jarvis married Jane Price. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are members of the Baptist [church, in Pleasant Valley; and in politics, Mr. Brown says that he is a Jackson Democrat. J. C. Brownlee was born in Canada West, May IS, 1836, and is the son of William and Christina (Miller) Brownlee, both of Scot- tish descent. In the fall of 1839, in company with his parents, he came to Scott County, where his father located in Long Grove Township, where lie died in 1844. His mother continued to carr^^ on the farm until her death, in 1875. J. C. Brownlee resided with his mother until 1865. His education was obtained in the common schools, with one term in Iowa College. He was married Dec. 7, 1865, to Mary Ann Roberts, who was born in England, February, 1847. Six children came of this union— Eva May, Minnie, John, Jenny, Luelia, Mary. Mr. and Mrs. Brownlee resided in Long Grove until 1S74, when he moved to his present farm, three miles north of Davenport, consisting of 80 acres, worth $130 an acre. The}- are members of the Cliristian church, in Davenport. In politics, Mr. Brownlee is a Republican. WiUiara S. Collins is a native of Connecticut, being born in Litchfield. He is the son of David and Jerusha ( Wright) Collins, also natives of Connecticut. His father removed to Hampden Co., Mass., in 1812, and resided there until his death. William was educated in the common sciiools of his adopted State, and when 18 years of age became a teacher in the public schools. In 1826 he went to the city ot New York, and there learned the carpenter trade, which he followed in that State up to 1837. In 1831 he was united in marriage with Orpha Jackson, who was born in 1056 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTy. Blanford, Mass., in 1808. Two children resulted from this union — Miles A. and Orpha L. (now Mrs. Field, of Des Moines). Mrs. Collins died in 1837. Soon after the death of his wife, Mr. Collins came West and located in Henry Co., 111., where he remained until August, 1838, when he came to Scott County, and located in Davenport, where he followed his trade. Ainon^ other public buildings erected by him were the McManus Block, Parry & Mcintosh Block, besides a large number of private dwellings. In 1842, he led to the altar Eliza Dillon, who was born in New York, in 1823. They had three children — Chester "W., now located in Nebraska and Colorado, and who is engaged in railroad building; and two children who died in infancy. Mrs. Collins died in 1840, and Mr. Collins was married to Mrs. Elinanor Bird, wno was born in New York City, April 15, 1815, the widow of William Bird, of Davenport, but a native of Maryland. Two children came of this union — Sarah E., now Mrs. Watson Graham; McManus, now loca- ted ill Omaha, Neb. Mr. Collins was for some years a member of the Congregational church, and participated in the organization of the first Sunday-school in Davenport, and also elected first clerk of church at its organization. Mr. Collins is now a member of the Baptist church of Davenport, and his wife of the Congregational. Mr. Collins was a member of the Whig party of Scott County for eight years, but since the organization of the liepublican party has co-operated with it in the campaigns that have followed. He held the office of alderman of Davenport several j-ears, and was mayor p?^o tem., temporarily. He also served for some time as trustee of the poor. At the time land came into market, Mr. Collins loaned nione}^ at one per cent, to jiarties buying land. Was for 20 3'ears engaged with the Sons of Temperance, and one of the active members in establishing the prohibitory law by legislation; also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows since 1848. Mr. Collins was free-hearted, and was too free in assisting others, by loaning money and signing bad notes with good security. Miles A. Collins, stock and produce bi-oker, was born in Albany, N. Y., Sept. 11, 1832. His father, William S. Collins, was a na- tive of Connecticut; his mother, Orpha (Jackson) Collins, a native of Massachusetts. In 1836 his mother died, and he was taken by his paternal grandparents to raise. His early life was passed on a tarm, his time being spent between assisting his grandfather and in attending the common schools. After his grandfather's death he remained in charge of the farm, dealing meanwhile in stock and the manufacture of cheese. He continued this business until 1854, when he came to Scott County, his father having preceded him some 16 years. For about a year after his arrival he worked at the carpenter's trade with his father, then engaged in farming, his aunt, jerusha Collins Bruster, living with him as housekeeper, and started one of the first cheese factories in Scott County, which was continued until the organization of Jerry Ridge union factory. Miss Bruster is still an inmate of his household. In 1870 Mr. Col- 'LcCIl'Q DAVENTORT TOWNSUIP. 1059 lins married Amy Gerge Wilson, who was born in Ohio. March 31, 1849. Four children liave been born unto them — Ninnia II., Vara E., Elnore H., Miles W. Mr. Collins has succeeded in bis resi- dence of a quarter of a century' in Scott County in accumulating a large amount of property. In Davenport Township he owns 278 acres, and 160 in Lincoln Township. lie also had 340 acres in Guthrie County, all improved, besides houses in Davenport and wild lands in Texas and Iowa. Mr. Collins' farm near Davenport is known as Glendale stock and sale farm, where is bred Herd Book Jersey cattle, trotting horses, sheep, bees, fancy poultry and swine. In this department Mr. Collins has been and is now doing a good business. He makes a specialty of furnishing family horses and cows, receives and solicits consignments tor sale, remitting promptly the proceeds on disposal. His stock-yards are on South Avenue, east of Brady and north of Locust streets, Davenport, where cattle are unloaded from cars. In politics Mr. Collins is a Republican, and himself and wife members of the Congregational church. W. L. Cook was born in Berkshire Co., Mass., June 17, 1804. He is the son of Ira and Pauline (Ellis') Cook, the father a native of Massachusetts, born in 17sO, and mother of Connecticut, born in 17S1. His mother died in 1806, and his father married Rachel Faxon, who was born in Massachusetts. His father subsequently moved near L^tica, N. Y., where he engaged in farming until 1821. He then moved to Broome Co., N. Y.. where he continued to farm, and for a time engaged in running a saw-mill. In 1831 he sold out and moved to Ontario Co., N. Y., where he engaged in the tannery business. Here he remained until the fall of 1835, when he came to Scott County, arriving Nov. 8, 1835, and where he re- mained until his death, which occurred in 1845. Mrs. Cook died in 1837. William L. enjoyed few educational advantages, and in addition to a few months in the common schools, he studied at night, and thus secured the rudiments of an education. When 14 years of age he commenced to work at the shoemaker's trade in connec- tion with tanning, which business he followed until 1835. Mr. Cook was tirst married in New York, April 24, 1827, to Polly Brockway, who was born March 10, 1805. One child was born unto them — Mary, who subsequently married John Taylor, and who died in Idaho in 1879. Mrs. Cook died May 30,1831, in New York and William L. Cook married Almira Woodhull, who was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., in 1806. In 1835 Mr. Cook built a raft on the Allegheny River, and with his family floated down it to the Ohio River, and from thence to St. Louis. Here he made the ac- quaintance of a Government ofHcer, and secured passage lor his family, together with his household eflects, to Rock Island. At the latter place he employed an Indian to row him across the river in a skin to Davenp(jrt, where his father had settled. Arrangements were at once made to bring over his family and household goods, and he moved onto his present farm. In the spring of 1836 he 61 1060 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. planted a few acres of sod corn, and in the fall he gathered 12 bnshels, which he placed in the loft of his house, and which during the winter following he ground as necessity required, in an old-fash- ioned coffee-mill, and had made into bread for his family. At this time there was no mill for many , miles from Davenport. Four children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. Cook — Ellen, who married Dr. French, and who died in 1869; Katy, who married J. P. Kidgely; William E., who now resides on the old homestead in the house in which he was born, and Julia M., who married Wm. R. Ash, a lawyer in Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. Cook died Jan. S, 1848, and Mr. Cook married Mrs. Elizabeth Sheik, who was born Feb. 20, ISOS, in Lawrence Co., N. Y. Two children resulted "from this union — Elijah B. and Emma L. (now Mrs. August Rohlfe). By her former marriage Mrs. Cook had live cliildren, three of whom are now living. She died Aug. 15, 1878. Mr. Cook again mar- ried, forming nn alliance Sept. 23, 1880, with Mrs. Mai-garet Case, whose maiden name was Hartzell, and who was born in Westmore- land Co., Pa., in 1819. She moved to Rock Island in 1835, and resided there many years. She had 10 children by her first husband, three of whom are now living. Mr. Cook has always been quite prominent in Scott County afiairs, and has held every local othce in Davenport Township, in 1855 he was elected county judge and served two years. For 35 years Judge Cook was a strong Democrat, but was always an anti-slavery man. In 1855 he was a delegate to the convention which met at Iowa City and organized the Republic in party in this State, and he has since been a consistent advocate ot the principles of that party. He has been a member of the M. E. church 61 years, and was in the first class organized in Davenport. Charles Dannacher was bora in France, Oct. 13, lS-19; he is the son of Sebastian and Elizabeth (Hebinger) Dannacher, also natives of France. At 14 years of age he entered the service of a florist, and continued in that calling up to 1869, when he became a member of a military school, where he remained one year and then entered the regular army and served in the war between F' ranee and German}'. At the close of the war he returned to his old business as gardener or florist, in which he continued for three years, be- coming so expert that he could readily name any plant in the col- lection by a single leaf being shown him. In 1874 he emigrated to America and located in Charlotte, Iowa, and engaged with Dr. Ennis as florist, remaining there for three years. In 187S became to Davenport with the intention of taking charge of a garden in the city. On arriving he found that other arrangements had been made, and he therefore, with the assistance of Dr. Kulp, started a garden consisting of 14 acres of land, in which he has now 35,000 varieties of plants. In 1873 he was married to Mary Gantz, who was born near Colmar, France, in 1849. They had four children, only one of whom is now living — Louisa. In March, 1881, three DAVENPORT TOWNSHIP. 1061 of their children died within three days of each other, and were buried in one grave. Mr. Daiinaciier is a Republican in politics. Oustave Jickerman, fanner and proprietor of Eckernian's saloon, section 17, Utica Ridge road, Davenport Township, was born in Oidwnhurcr, Gertnany, March 16, 1832. His parents were Glaus and Marie (ll.irder) Eckerinan. They had 10 children, four living. Gustave attended school until 10, when he followed the carpenter's trade until August, ISoti, when lie emigrated alone to New Or- leans; was eight weeks at sea. lie came direct from New Orleans to Davenport, Iowa, where he followed the carpenter's trade until 1S65, when lie bought the "Five Mile House;" remained here tive years, then bought his farm in section 17, Davenport Town- ship, where he has Eckerman's saloon. He married Miss Eliza Graute, Nov. 21, lS5i; she was born in Entin Oldenburg, Ger- many; she was a daughter of August and Helena (Hener) Graute. Mr. and Mrs. Eckernian have had lo children, six living, viz. : Clara (wife of Fritz Schaefer, they reside iti Davenport Township), Gustave, Jr., Laura, Eliza, Hugo and Adolph. Mr. Eckerman has in addition to the farm of 40 acres in section 17, Davenport Township, where he and family reside, a farm of 80 acres in But- ler Township; both farms are under good cultivation and well stocked; he is one of the enterprising farmers of Scott County, where he has lived since 1852. In politics, Mr. Eckerman is a Republican. if icholas tejervai^y WAS horn in Hungary, May 27, 1811; his fiarents are Joseph and Mary (Ivonikovich) Fejervary, natives of lungary. His mother died while he was a mere infant, and he was taken by his grandparents to raise. His father again married, but died in 1829; his step-mother yet resides in Hungary and is at an advanced age. Mr. Fejervary secured a thorough education and graduated from the university of Pesth in 1832. ^fter graduating he moved on a farm and engaged in politics. He was elected clerk of the court, and also a member of the Legislature, and served three years. In 1844 he abandoned politics, and in 1846 married Caroline Kars, who was born in Hungary in 1810. Three children were born unto them — Celestina F., Mary (who died in Hungary in 18411), and Nicholas (who died in Davouport in 1863 1. In June, 1852, Mr. Fejervary landed in New York, and in the i'all of he same year came to Scott County, and purchased and entered 3,000 acres of land in the counties of Scott, Cedar and Muscatine, Iowa. In the spring of 1853 he moved his family to Davenport, ana in the fall of the same year moved into his present beautiful residence, whicii he had erected during the summer from brick which he had burned. From time to time he disposed of a portion of his land until his possessions now amount to 600 acres, though he owns considerable real estate in the city of Davenport. The location of his family residence is a fine one and deserves special mention. In politics, Mr. Fejervary is a Republican. 1062 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. Thomas K. Fluke was born in AVilliamsburg, Huntingdon Co., Penn., Aug. 30, 1816. He is the son of Samuel and Lillias (Kerr) Fluke, natives of Huntingdon Co., Penn. His father was a cabinet- maker and carpenter by trade, and carried on the business for many years in Williamsburg. He died Sept. 10, 182S. rairie, and worked at anytiiing lie could get to do to turn an honest penny. In 1850 he married Ida Ilahn, who was born in the same place that he was born, in December, 1828, and was the daughter of John and Margretta Hahn, who were also born at the same place. Her father died in 1845, and the mother was married a second time, to Oswald Maas, and they came to America and located in Scott County in 184-7, where the mother died in 1874. After Mr. Tlorst was married he commenced farming on SO acres, and by his in- dustry and thrift accumulated an independence. He owned at his decease 560 acres of land, worth $S0 per acre. In 1880 Mr. Ilorst went to New York on a visit in hopes to regain his health, which he had lost by liard woik, but his hopes were vain, and he died there May 24, 1881, and the body was brought back to the Daven- port cemetery and buried. His widow and five children survive him. The widow lives on the farm with two sons and one daughter. Of their si.x children five are still living — Louisa M. (now Mrs. Herman VossV Adolph J.. Thresa, A. C, Edward N., and Henry H. Chrisiiari Kober\s a native of Germany, and came to America with his parents when only nine years of age. lie was reared on a farm in Pennsylvania, his education being very limited. In the spring of 1839 he came to Scott County and located a claim, and in the fall returned to Pennsylvania, where he was married, De- cember, 1S39, to Sarah Moon, who was born Jan. 29, 1814. In the spring of 1840 the couple came to this county, and Mr. Kober be- gan improving his claim. lie erected a small cabin, which he furnished as well as his means would allow. Some time during the fall, while he and his wife were away from home, the cabin and all its contents were destroyed by fire. This misfortune disheartened the couple, and they would have surrendered all and returned to Pennsylvania, but for one reason — they did not have the means to get l)aclc. They spent the winter with a kind neighbor, and in the spring of 1841 rebuilt, after having sold 80 acres of his quarter section for the means to do so. Prosperity now overtook tliem, although it was not until about 1845 that they began to lay up anything. Mr. Kober has seen many changes in this county in his time, and from a life of toil and poverty he now enjoys a comfortable subsistence. Mr. and Mrs. Kober have five living chil- dren — Celia, now Mrs. Henry Woodford; Charles, who married Susan Reed, and resides on his father's homestead; Kate S., who married Robert Silks; Sue, now Mrs. James Murray; one deceased, Julia S. Mr. Kober is in his 74th year, having been born April 18, 1808. 10f)6 HISTORy OF SUOTT COUNTY. Claus Kreoger was born in Holstein, Germany, April 14, 1829, and was the son of Hans and Lena (Glindermann) Kreoger, who both died in Germany. Claus was educated in Germany and reared on a farm. In 1856 he emigrated to America and settled in Scott County, where he worked as a farm hand for about four years. In 1860 he was married to Anna Loage, who was born in Germany in 1839, and came to America in 1847. They have six children — Henry L., Minnie, Emma, Louis and Augusta. Imme- diately after his marriage Mr. Kreoger bought the farm on which he now lives, buying 80 acres at first, then SO more in a short time. He is a Republican in politics. Il.Kuhl was born in Holstein, Germany, in 182C, and came to Davenport in 1847, where he worked as a day laborer until 1850, when lie engaged in quarrying and in the manufacture of lime at Gilbert, Davenport Township, in which business he is still en- gaged. In 1850 he married Minnie Strobern, who was also born in Holstein, Germany, in 1829, and who came to America in 1847. They have had nine children — Josephine, Matilda, Emily, Edward, Minnie, Eustaft", Francis, Hilda and Nettie. Mr. Kuhl acts with the Republican party. Jacob Lahr is a native of Prussia, and was born Jan. 20, 1850; his parents were Jacob and Helen (Mitchell) Lahr: his mother died in Germany in 1869, and his father emigrated to America in 1871, and located in Keokuk County. Jacob preceded his father a few months and for three years worked on a farm near Baden, Keokuk Co., at the expiration of which time he engaged with Joseph Lyfed & Co., in grain and stock trade, in which business he con- tinned six months. He was married to Ann Berchers, daughter of John and Ann (Peterson) Berchers, who was born in Scott County in 1854, of German parentage, her parents being natives of Holstein, who came to this country in 1852. Mr. Lahr came to Scott County, and for some time ran the Grem Tree Hotel in the north part of the township. In the spring of 1881 he moved to Gilbert and engaged in the saloon business. Mr. and Mrs. Lahr have three children — Lillie, Rosa and Jacob. Mr. Lahr votes the Democratic ticket. John Lambert was born in New Jersey, Jan. 5. 1814. His father was Samuel Lambert, a native of New Jersey. His mother's maiden name was Rhoda Bailey, likewise a native of New Jersey. He was reared on his father's farm and what education he received was in the common schools of his native county. He remained with his father until 20 years of age. when he engaged with Mr. Logan and worked on his farm for sixyeai-s, then with Jolin Black, with whom he continued two years. In 1836 he was married to Julia Whitaker, who was born in Delaware, in 1812. After mar- riage they continued to reside on a farm near where he was born until 1844, when he moved to Scott Co., Iowa, and made claim to 160 acres of land, where he now resides. His means at this time DAVENPORT TOWNSHIP. 1067 was quite limited, $130 being the extent of his capital. lie at once began breaiiing his ground, and by clojc economy he laid up enough to pay for SO acres of his claim, which he has since worked and improved until it is now one ot the best farms in the town- ship, worth $125 per acre. Mr. Lambert has been identified with the interests of Scott County many years. lie has served the county as supervisor for some years, and for several years was president of the Agricultural Society, and has also been secretary of the same. In agricultural matters he has always taken a deep interest and to promote the welfare of his brother agriculturists he has devoted much time. Mr. Lambert has always taken a deep interest in educational matters, and has done much for the ad- vancement of school interests in his township. When he came to the county there were no schools here, and in company with several others rented a room and hired a teacher, which they con- tinued to do until the passage of the school law. He has filled the offices of director and treasurer of the school district of Daven- port township. Mr. and Mrs. Lambert have had a family of si.x children, five of whom are now living— Emily L., who resides with her father on the farm; Maria, now Mrs, Henry Ade ; Caro- line, now Mrs. Henry Penemore ; Adaline, now Mrs. Alfred E. Campbell. The one deceased. Aaron P., was the oldest sou, and enlisted in 1S62 in the war for the Union, and died in Spring- field, Mo., during the same year. Mrs. Lambert died on the farm Jan. 25, 1SS2. Peter Lamp is a native of Holstein, Germany, and is the son of Clausund Celia Lamp, nee Croesch. He was born Feb. 12,1842, and came to America with his parents in 184:6. The first landing was in New Orleans, from which place they proceeded to St. Louis, where they spent the winter of 18i6-'7. In tiie spring of the latter year they came to Scott County, where the elder Lamp engaged at his trade of carpenter, which he followed for some time. He sub- sequently purchased the farm on which gthe son now resides, and with whom he lives. His mother died in 1869, and the father is now in his S2d year. The common schools of Scott County served Peter in an educational way. He married Anna Mueller in 1869. His wife was a daughter of Jacob and Margretta Mueller, natives of Germany, who came to Scott County in 1S69; both are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Lamp are the parents of three chil- dren — Celia. Clans Herman and Clara Margretta. He is the ownerof .>20 acres of land, one-half each in the townships of Dav- enport and Clcona. He lias been school director for 10 years; has also served as road su])ervisor, and is a member of the Masonic order. In ])olitics, Mr. Lamp is a Re])ublican. John Littig. One of the most substantial farmers of Davenport Township, is John Littig. Mr. Littig was born in Paris. France, on the 9th of March, 1823. Active life in all its stern reality appeared to him at an early age, teaching him to rely upon his own abilities, a lesson which proved invaluable in after years. In 1068 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 1835, at the age of 13, he emigrated with his parents to America, and landed at New Orleans. Daring his two years' residence there John figured amons the news boys, cairying the Picayune, Herald &nA trench RepxMican. From New Orleans he went to St. Louie, Mo., where he manifested great interest in American agriculture, which he afterward made his life-work. In 1837 he followed his parents to Rock Island and linally came to Davenport, where he was engaged by Harvey Leonard, who employed him in his brick- yard to carry the " Irish umbrella." He continued with Mr. Leonard for three years and made a taithtul and assiduous hand. John subsequently spent seven years with AntoineLe Claire, where he was characterized by the same manly traits. One event trans- pired during this period of toil and hardship to make it memo- rable, namely — the treaty at Des Moines between Gov. Chambers and the Sacs and Foxes, whereby the Indians relinquislied their rights to the northern half of Iowa. When Col. Geo. Davenport, Antoine Le Claire and Geo. L. Davenport were chosen as "white friends" of the Indians, to act as interpreters and conclude the treaty, John was appointed coachman for the venerable gentle- men, and this was accounted no small honor. The part}' remained at Des Moines one week and Mr. Littig improvea every oppor- tunity to study the life and customs of the savages. On his re- turn he was able to sound the war whoop and go through the maneuvers of an Indian dance, which though lacking the grace and dignity of the " light fantastic," was more amusing. Having saved a considerable sum of money by dint of industry and econ- omy he made his first investment in real estate, purchasing a piece of land near Gilbert town. Here he continued to toil early and late and laid the foundatioii for that future prosperity that has blessed him in his labors. In 1858 he removed to Duck Creek, made extensive improvements and remained there eight years, when he finally settled at his present homesteal on section 37, four miles from the city^f Davenport. This place became the center of his hopes and cares, and having faithfully tilled the soil and erected a commodious and substantial dwelling-house and barn, it is now regarded as the "apple of his eye." From time to time he has added to his other possessions until he owns 560 acres of as fine land as there is in Davenport Township and which has developad into valuable property. John Littig was united in marriage in 1844 to Margaret Stovir. But two of their children are now living — Peter Napoleon and Adam. Death having claimed his first consort, Mr. Littig was again married in 1858, to Louise Roggie, and by this union there were 11 chil- dren — Lawrence W., Anthony Joseph, Marguerite Josephine, Henry Augustine, Mary Hortense, Regina Eugenie, George Mar- cus (who died in early childhood), Marquis De La Fayette, Victor Louis, John Vincent and Edward Clarence. Mr. Littig's parents baing poor, he did not enjoy the educational privileges he so much coveted, and therefore determined his own children should DAVENPORT TOWNSHIP. 1069 not labor \inder the same disadvantages. Mr. Littig has been director of Giinitli's sciiool for nine years, watching over its interests witii unremitting attention. In addition to the branclics taugiit there, Peter has attended Bryant & Stratton's Business College, and Adam studied at the linswold College, Davenport. LawrenceW. graduated from St. Vincent's College, Cape Girardeau, Mo., being valedictorian of the class of '81; the degrees of A. B. and A. M. have been successfully conferred upon him, and '83 will witness his completion of the medical course at Iowa City. Joseph received instructions at Criswold and for some- time has been a successful teacher in the public schools of the township. Josephine finished the classical course with high hon- ors in '82 at the Immaculate Conception Academy, and Ilortense and Eugenie are still attending the same institution. The time has not yet come when this generation will figure in the public history of their countr3^ or native county, tint it is hoped a useful and noble career awaits them. In IbTS Mr. Littig visited the scene of his earl^' life in and about Paris, attended the exposition in that city, and also visited noted places in England and Ger- naany. His sojourn in his native land was greatly enjoyed by him and will ever be a subject of unceasing comment. Mr. Lit tig is a staunch adiierent of the Democratic ])arty, a liberal and charitable Christian, rearing his children in the faith of the Roman Catholic church, and instilling into their youthful minds by jire cept and example, that "honesty is the best policy." Having, amassed a considerable fortune by perseverence and industry, Mr. Littig is now enjoying an honorable indey)endence. His progeni- tors are noted tor longevity, his father having attained the age of 87. His social relations are harmonious and desirable, and it is the sincere wish of all who know him, that many years may yet be Mr. Littig's portion, which may be as pleasant and happy as his early life has been laborious and active. Petei' Littig was born in the Province of Lorraine, France, on the 20tli day of August, 1794. His childhood was passed in ob- scuritv, but at a tender asre he became an enthusiastic admirer of Napoleon's daring srenius, and early resolved to follow in the foot- steps of the greatest general France ever ])roduced. When Peter was 19 years old, he entered the French army, fought under Bona- parte at the battle of "Waterloo; took part in the engagement at Leipsic, plunging boldly into the river Elster after the great stone bridge was blown up by the corporal, and was at the side of the noble and heroic Marshal Poniatowski when he (the tnarshal), wounded, bleeding and exhausted, fell from his horse while attempt- ing to scale the banks of the Elster, and sank beneath its waters. Both engagements proved most disastrous to the interests of Napo- leon, and ilr. Littig never could talk of the result of these encoun- ters without emotion, and thev were subjects of deep interest to his children and grandchildren. He was also fond of telling how he 1070 HISTOET OF SCOTT CO0NTr and other young soldiers of Napoleon skulked about the country for weeks after the battle of Waterloo, hoping that the emperor would lead them again. His parents and sisters, in the meantime, had mourned him among the slain. Mr. Littig remained faithful to Bonaparte during his exile at Elba, and when the conqueror re- turned to France he was one of the escort who went with him into Paris. In 1826, five years after the death of Napoleon Bonaparte, Mr. Littig went to Paris to reside, and engaged in business as a marble-cutter. Tiiere he continued to ply his trade for 11 years, bringing it out in all its perfection. But one little souvenir now remains of his genius — a small watch-stand carved out of solid marble by hand, in the city of Paris, passes down as an heirloom in the family. He emigrated with his family to the United States, landing at New Orleans, because French friends lived there. He resided in that city two years, then came to Stephenson, now Rock Island. In New Orleans he had worked at cabinet-making, but now he set out as a stone-mason and contractor, following that trade and business until 1851, when he engaged in the brewery business. Mr. Littig built the first stone house erected in Kock Island, and also built Huber's and Wagner's breweries in that city, and op- erated them both. lu 1866 he erected the Eagle Brewery, corner Fifth and De Soto streets, Davenport. His whole manhood, up to his 72d year, was a life of industry and usefulness ; but the infirmities of old age coming on, he retired from active busi- ness life, taking up his home at the corner of Eighth and Marquette streets, where he spent the remaining 15 years of his earthl}' career, when death released his spirit. Mr. Littig was a fervent adherent of the Roman Catholic faith from his youth up, and expired after receiving the last rites of the church, in the S7th year of his age, A. t). 1S8L Mr. Littig was married four times. His last consort, to whom he was united in 1853, survives him. He was the father of nine cliildren — -Augustine N., of Davenport; Peter, of Atlantic; John, of Davenport; Mrs. Mary Robida, of Chatfield, Minn.; Mrs. MargaretBub,of Winona, Minn. ; Mrs. Rosalie Smith, of Camanche, Iowa; Mrs. Alexandrina Enderly, of Moline, HI. ; Mrs. Sophia Leeds, of Peoria, and Mrs. Augusta Smith, of Wilton. His grandchildren and great-grandchildren are numerous. After having been very liberal with his children, Mr. Littig died pos- sessed of an estate valued at $60,000. John L. MoCulIoch was born in Holmes Co., Ohio, July 18, 1841. His parents were John and Maria R. (Laughhead) McCul- loch, natives of Pennsylvania, and of Scotch and Irish descent. The subject of this sketch received a limited education in the dis- trict schools of Ohio; and in 18-19 came with his parents to Scott Count}', and located in Hickory Grove Township. From there they removed to Jersey Ridge, Davenport Township, where his mother died; his father died in 1874. In 1861, John L. enlisted in the Civil war, in Company B, 8th Regiment of Iowa Volunteers, and served 18 months, being discharged on account of disability and DATENPORT TOWNSHIP. 1071 sickness. He then returned to Scott County, and continued farmiiiort, and previously was connected with the same church at Long Grove. Daniel Riordan., superintendent of the Poor Farm, is an Irish- man by birth, and emigrated lo America in 1844. He was born in Kilkenny Co., Ireland, Dec. 24, 1821. He first landed in New York, and in tiie vicinity of that city worked as a common laborer for about 10 years. In 1854 he came to Scott County aiid engaged in farming. In 1858 he married Joanna Kelliher, who was born in Ireland, Jan. 12, 1833, and came to America in 1840. Two children were born unto them — Margaret, born in 1859; Mary, in 1865. After his marriage, Mr. Riordan bought a small farm, on which he resided until 1877, when he was appointed superintendent of the Poor Farm of the county, and has sincere- sided on the firm in the discharge of the duties of the position. Politically Mr. Riordan is a Republican. Ldward Roberts was born in North Wales, Oct. 24, 1816. His parents were Thomas and Mary (Foulks) Roberts. Edward resided with his parents until he was 13 years of age, when he was hired out to a gentleman, whom he served six years. Ho then 1074 HISTORY OF SCO'IT COUNTY. engaged with anotlier party as a gardener, and remained witli him until he left his native land for the United States, in 1865. In 1846 he married Jane Jones, who was born in 1814, in JS'orth Wales. Four children blessed this union — Mary Ann, now Mrs. J. C. Brownlee; Hannah, now Mrs. Christy; Daniel, and one who died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Eoberts are members of the First Presby- terian'Chureh, in Davenport, and live on the farm which they pur- chased shortly after arrival in Scott County. Mr. Eoberts, in politic?, is a Republican. C. H. SchnecMoth was born in Holstein, Germany, Aug. 21, 1830. At 20 years of age he was dralted into the army and served two years, and was again drafted, when he ran oft to America, and arrived in Davenport June 22, 1852. Here he labored as a com- mon day laborer, at $10 a month for a time, and then $90 for a year. In 1854 he commenced farming, and in 1855 married Bertha Wolf, who was born in Germany. Success has attended him in his labors, and lie now owns the farm on which he lives, of 80 acres, on which he moved in 1872, and which is worth $125 per acre, and has also 640 acres in Ida County, worth $10 per acre. He is the father of six children — Henry, Peter, Andala, Emma, Ernest, Minnie. In politics, Mr. Schneckloth is a Republican. Jacob Shepler was bornin Allegheny Co., Pa., July 26, 1820. He is the son of Philip and Mary (Hill) Shepler, both natives of Penn- sylvania. Tiie elder Shepler was a farmer by profession, a busi- ness which he followed up to within 12 years of his death. After retiring from the farm he engaged in running a hotel in Pittsburg, a business he followed during the remainder of his life. His mother is yet living, and resides with her son James in Mononga- hela, Pa. Jacob says that he received a common-school education, and the commonest kind at that. He remained at home until he was 26 years of age, assisting his father on a farm. March 26, 1846, he was united in marriage with Eliza, daughter of Abraham and Hannah Lytic, who was born in Allegheny Co., Pa., Sept. 15, 1826. Mr. and Mrs. Lytic both died in Pennsylvania. The subject of this sketch after his marriage engaged in farming, in Pennsylvania, which he continued for 10 years. He then sold out and moved to Scott County, and located on section 16, Daven- port Township, where he continued to reside until 1870. when he removed to his present farm, which now consists of 222 acres of fine farm land. Mr. and Mrs. Shepler have had seven children, of whom only two are now living — Cyrus C, who married Louisa Vogt, Dec. 17, 1879, and Laura H.,n"owMi-s. Louis Smith. The deceased are Sarah J. (who married Isaac Patterson), Newton W., Stewart A., and two who died in infancy. Mrs. Shepler and daughter are members of the M. E. church. In politics, Mr. Shepler is an ardent and enthusiastic Republican. J. B. Schupp was born in AVittenberg, Germany, March 20, 1827, and was the son of Frank Joseph and Agatha (Hirscher) Schupp, who were also natives of Germany, and who died in t[\^ ■5^ r .vs^SK^^s iUf-gt l\ 'J'}x^ ,^^o<^^£)L-C>tj>^ DAVENPOKT TOWNSHIP. 1077 country. His father was a farmer, and J. B. was reared on a farm and worked witli his fatlier till he was 15, when he was appren- ticed to a carpenter, which trade he followed in Germany for some time. He received his education in the common schools of that country. In 1853 he was married to Cresentia Messmer, who was born in Prussia, A]>ril 10, li>'2i. He enlisted in the regular army for three j'ears, and after serving one year, he left and came to America, and direct to Davenport, where he worked at his trade for some time. He then purchased a farm of 100 acres, lying part in Davenport and part in Blue Grass Townships. He is the father of six children — Mary, now Mrs. Peter Rickard; Agatha, now Mrs. Peter Kreitsch; Martin; Caroline, now Mrs. Charles Nelson; Hattie and Frank Joseph. Mr. Sclnipp has been town- ship treasurer and a member of the School Board. He is a mem- ber of the Catholic church, and in politics is not committed to either of the great parties. T. Siiidf was born in Pro])stei, Holstein, Germany, Nov. 16, 1824, and was the son of Ilans and Anna (Lamp') Sindt. The latter died in Germany, and the father came to America in 1854, and died in ISoS. Mr. Sindt was educated in the common-schools of Germany, where he also learned a trade. He came to America in 1847. lie was married in 1850 to Adel Stoltenberg, who was born in Germany. Hans Stoltenherg was born in Holstein, Germany, Nov. 26, 1826. He is the son of Hans and Anna (Schrader") Stoltenberg, who were also natives of Germany, and both died in that country. Hans was reared on a farm, and received the common-school edu- cation of the country. In 1852 he came to America, and located in Scott Co., Iowa, and worked on a farm. He was married in 1854 to Oble Klinojerberg, who was also born in Germany. They have one child — Agnes, now Mrs. John Sindt. Mr. Stoltenberg first located in Blue Grass Township, where he remained one year, and then moved to Davenport Township. He is a Republican in politics. ClauH Sfoltenberff washorn in Propstei, Germany, April 1, 1831, and was the son of Hans and Anna (Mundt) Stoltenberg, who were natives of Germany. Hans passed his boyhood on a farm, and received the common-school education of that country. In 1841 he emigrated to America, and settled in Scott County, wliere he worked on a farm for some time. He was married in 1854 to Anna Sindt, who was born in Propjtei, Germany. When he first went to farming for himself, he bought 80 acres of land. He now owns 240 acres, worth $80 per acre. He is a member of the German Mutual Pire Insurance Company. Mr. Stoltenberg is a Republican. Captain D. Stuhryras born in Holstein, Pretz, Germany, Jan. 12, 1835, and was a son of Adam and Friederika (Schinkel) Stuhr, who were natives of Germany, where they died. His edu- cation was received in the common schools of Germany, and when 62 1078 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. he was 17 years of age he learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1847, when he was drafted into the German army, and served four years. After receiving his discharge he worked one year at his trade, and in 1852 emigrated to America, and im- mediately located in Davenport, Iowa. He followed his trade in Davenport nine years, and at tiie outbreak of the Kebellion en- listed and immediately raised a company of 103 men, for three months' service, and, on account of the supply being tilled, he and his men were discharged. He at once re-enlisted, and raised a company, composed entii-ely of Germans, for the 11th Regi- ment, and soon aftei- was transferred to the ]6th, which was a German regiment. The regiment went from Davenport to Ben- ton barracks, where his company received arms, and prepared for the bloody strife. The most disastrous battle participated in by his regiment was that of Shiloh, on April 6 and 7, in which 83 of his men were killed. He immediately recruited his company, and after two years of hard service he was discharged, on account of sickness. He i-eturned to Davenport, and for one year lay be- tween life and death. In the fall of 1861 he bought a farm of 2-2 acres, about five miles from Davenport, and established a saloon and country tavern, which he still conducts. He also owns 160 acres in Tama County. He was married in 1854 to Frieder- ika Kruse, who was born in Schleswig, Germany, May 5, 1828. Of 12 children born of this union five are living — David, Emil, Kudolph, Laura and Alveine. Captain Stuhr, in politics, is a Eepublican. Jo/rn T. Temple, son of Thomas and Mary ( Billsbour^h ) Temple, was born M'lrcli 7, 1844. By oscupatioii he is a girdener or florist, as his fatlier and grandfather were before him. In 1847, his father came to Davenport, and engaged as a gardener to Peter Cooper. He was a man well versed in botany, and was employed by the Gavei-ninent to gather and classify the plants in the South- ern States. He died in 1856. John was brought up as a gardener, and in 1862 he commenced to cultivate his present garden, wliere he has now over 100,000 diflerent varieties of plants and bulbs, of which he can instantly give the name of anv in the coUectiou. In 1868 Mr. Temple married Josephine A. Hern, who was born in L )ndon. Mr. Temple is a member of the Knights of Pythias and Odd Fellows, and is a Republican in politics. Tliomas Wilkinson, deceased, was born in Albion, Edwards Co., 111., Oat. 18, 1823. His parents, Wm. and Margaret Wilkinson, TOe« Kershaw, emigrated from their native England, and were among the early settlers of Albion. The subject of this memoir was reared on a farm and received a common-school education. In 1S44 he went to St. Louis, where he learned the trade of a brick-lajer. He followed this employment in connection with building and con- tracting for a number of years in St. Louis. In the fall of 1854 he came to Davenport, Iowa, where lie engaged in tiie same occupation until 1857, continuing a partnership previously formed with Wm. DAVENPORT T0WN8HIP. 1079 McManus. From this time until bis death, which occurred Dec. 24, 1S76, Mr. Willvinsoti was engaged in no active business, bis attention being given abiiost exclusively to the management of his place, which is a part of the well-kuown E,ose Hill farm (the old- est in Scott County ), originally owned by Alexander MacGregor. Here bis family, consisting of his wife and two children, still reside. On the sixth of January, 1853, Mr. Wilkinson was married to Ellen McManus, who was born in Mystic, Conn., and is a daughter of the late Hon. James McManus. In politics Mr. Wilkinson was non-partisan. He was an independent thinker, and appreciated the tine distinctions which may sometimes be drawn between prin- ciples of right and justice and principles of party. In his death Davenport lost one of her moot prominent and liighly esteemed citizens. HICKORY GROVE TOWNSHIP. Hickory Grove 'comprises township 79, range 2 east, and was first settled in 1836 by Alfred Carter, who made claim and began improvement on the northwest quarter of section 16. Mr Carter was from Wayne Co., Ind., but was born in the Shenandoah Val- ley, Virginia. He was one of the first three county commissioners, and served until his death, which occurred Nov. 8, 1841. OTHER EARLY SETfLERS. Philip Baker came from Muskingum Co., O., in 1837, and set- tled on the southwest quarter of section 9. Jonathan Porter, from Muskingum Co., O., came in 1837; Daniel aTid John Porter, Mr. Binford and others came about the same time. John Spicer came in the fall of 1836, from Muskingum Co., O., and settled on section 9. He returned to Ohio a few years after ward, where he married. Subsequently he went to Illinoi.?, where he lost his life a little later by falling on a circular saw, which was in motion. Wm. and Daniel Porter also came in 1836. George Sehuck came in 1838, from the same county in Ohio, and settled on the southwest quarter of section 10, where he died in 1848. John Sehuck came in the fall of 1838,from the same place, and set- tled on section 15; built a hewed log house, which still stands and is occupied. In tlie fall of 1859 he went to Nemaha, Neb., where he 3'et resides. Samuel Freeman was born in New London, Conn., on the 13th of November, 1800. At an early age he removed to the State of New York, where, in 1828, he married Melinda Benedict, who died in 1866. In 1834 Mr. Freeman moved to Kalamazoo, Mich., then on the outskirts of civilization. He decided to make another westward move in a few years, and so on the 3d day of December, 1839, he landed in the village of Davenport, and remained a short time; then settled near Kirtle's Ferry, on the "Wapsie," making a claim, and as he hoped, locating for life; but when the lands came into market, his claim was entered over his head by some one hav- ing more money than he possessed, and thus he lost his all. With the pluck and energy of a true pioneer, however, he went to work, and before a great while was the owner of two or three yoke of steers and an old breaking plow. Then he commenced anew his struggle for a home. Tlie old settlers say it is an undoubted fact that Mr. Freeman, with his steers and plow, turned up to the bright (1080) HICKORY GROVE TOWNSHIP. 1081 sunlight more acres of tlie virgin soil of Scott County than any other man that ever followed a furrow within the county's limits. By this means he gathered enough money to purchase a farm near Slopertown. Selling this in a few years, he bought another farm near Hickory Grove, which he owned and occupied until the day of his death. In his young manhood Mr. Freeman was a Whig, and a very ardent one. lie was one of the first men in Scott County to unite with tlie Republican party, and from the first was a staunch sup- porter of its principles. He was the father of five children, three of whom died in early life, lie died when 72 years of age, and now lies by the side of her who shared all the trials and struggles of his pioneer life. FIRST THINGS. The first birth was William II. Baker, son of Philip and Cathe- rine Baker, who was born Nov. 10, 1S38. He is now a farmer in Audubon Co., la. The first death was Alfred Carter, who died in 1839, and was buried on section 16. The first marriage was that of Alexander Wells and Julia A. S. Carter, in the house of Philip Baker, by Mr. Grace, a justice of the peace in Walnut Grove. The event was solemnized in 1842.- The first school was in the winter of 1837, '8, at the house ot Alfred Carter, by George F. Etnery. Rev. Peter Cartwright was the first to preach the gospel in the township. EDDCATIONAL. The educational work of Hickory Grove Township began in the winter of 183T-'S, at the house of Alfred Carter, George F. Emery being the pioneer school-teacher. The school was onlv for the benefit of Mr. Carter's children. Mr. Emery, the teacher, was an old bachelor, who settled in Allen's Grove in 1837. He was a native of Boston, Mass., and was highly educated. He went to California in 1849, and started on his return home in 1850 by water, and died on tlie ocean before he reached Panama. There are now in the township three districts, one sub-district, with a school-house valued at §500. The county superintendent, in his report for 1881, sneaks of this township as an illustration of the peculiarity of the school law of the State. The township dis- trict is composed of only two and one-half sections, but having all the officers that are necessary and prescribed by law for a full town- ship district; and all to govern one small school. In addition the township has three independent districts — Maysville, Xo. 1; Linn Grove, rfo. 2; Fairview, No. 3. In these districts are seven school-houses. 1082 HISTOKY OF SCOTT COTINTT. BELIGIOUS. That great apostle of Methodism, Rev. Peter Cartwright, was the pioneer preacher in this township. Sometime in the year 1838 he preached a sermon at the house of Alfred Carter. Other re- ligious bodies have since promulgated their doctrines in the township, but only two are now represented by organizations — Methodist Episcopal and Christians. The Linn Grove Christian Church was organized in Allen's Grove Township, Nov. 10, 1851, by Elder Jonas Hartzell, now of Davenport. It was then known as the Allen's Grove Church of Christ. It was removed to Linn Grove in 1858, and its name changed to suit the locality. Both in Allen's Grove and in Linn Grove the congregation for a number of years worshiped in school- houses, but in 1866 a frame house of worship was erected at a cost of $1,700. Services are held monthly, and a Sunday-school is con- tinued in summer. Elder J. Moore now officiates as pastor of the church. REMINISCENCE. At the time Alfred Carter settled here wolves were very trouble- some, and often came in daylight and carried pigs from the door- yard, while chickens, notwithstanding they roosted between the chimney and the wall of the house, were carried oif by wildcats. Deer were also numerous, and it is said as many as 100 could often be seen ingoing to or from Hickory Grove to Allen's Grove. There were at the time the Carters settled here no mills in the neighborhood, and they at times had to grate corn on a coarse grater, and in making bread to make it adhere mixed stewed pumpkins with it. On one occasion, soon after his arrival, Mr. Carter had to go to Henderson Co., 111., for provisions. While gone 10 Indians came suddenly upon the family and asked for a night's lodging. They were entertained, but not without some fears. They were often seen after that. Mr. Carter had a fine patch of water- melons, of which the Indians were quite fond. They would often be found lying in the patch at daylight, waiting for some of the family to come out and trade with him some melons for venison. Alfred Carter and his sons, Charles P., John and Martin, often hunted deer with some of the Indian chiefs and braves. GE0VE8. There are three groves in the township. Hickory, Pilot, and Linn, the latter comprising only SO acres of timber, lirm, or bass- wood, oak and elm being the varieties. In the two former, hickor}', oak. basswood and elmwood. Mud Creek runs through the township, heading on section 13, and running almost west to section 8; then running north, passes out of the township from section 5. niCKOBT GROVE TOWNSHIP. 1083 MAT8VILLE. James May, in the summer of 1856, had surveyed aud platted by William P.Campbell, then County Surveyor, "part of the southeast quarter of section 15, townsliip 79, ran<];e 2 east," the plat being recorded Aug. 3, of that year. To this village was given the name of Maysville, in honor of its owner. The desires of Mr. May have hardly been realized, the village never having grown to any e.xtent, its proximity to and not being on a line of railroad operating against it. The postoilice is known as Amity, and was established in 1849 Philip Baker being the first postmaster, since which time there liave been five different postmasters. The present one is Flenry Schultz. BIOGRAPniCAI,. Hans Arp is a native of Holstein, Germany, born Jan. .3, 1836. His father, Claus Arp, was also of German nativity and died at sea while on his way tu America, in 1870. Hans Arp came to tliia country in 1854. He worked at the carpenter's trade liere one year, then located in Hickory Grove Township, where he owns 280 acres of tine farming land, in section 35. He is classed with Scott County's most prominent and enterprising farmers. His marriage with Abel Vieths occurred in 1855, in Davenport. To them have been born ten children, eight living — Alvina, Celia, Henry, Agnes, Emma, Mina, Kudolph and Herman. Philip Baker was born in Muskingum Co., Ohio, Sept. 20, 1814, son ot Jacob Baker, of Pennsylvania. Philip was reared on a farm and educated in the old pioneer school-house of that early day, where the cheerful blaze from the huge fire-place, and the sunlight shining through the greased paper window-light wrought fantastic shadows on the creaking puncheon floor. His father owned a flour-mill, and Philip ran it for a number of years. In 1837 he came to Scott County and settled in Hickory Grove Township. He had money enough to pa}' for a cow and ])artly pay for a yoke of o.xen. Since that time has made six farms. He paid $1.50 for the first bushel of corn and carried it from Rock Island to his home on his shoulders. Wild game was very plentiful here then. He had two greyhounds tliat caught three deer in one afternoon. He was married April 1, 1833, to Catlierine Porter, daughter of James Porter, who went from Pennsylvania to Muskingum (^o., Ohio, in 1816. Mr. and Mrs. Baker have had 11 children, six living — James K. P., William H., John P., Mary A. (widow of Matthias Sattle), Elizabetii P.. (a prominent teacher in this county), and Cassie S. (wife of Wm. C. Collins). Mr. Baker has been constable, school director and supervisor. Ira Burch is a son of James Burch, of Washington Co., N. Y., where our subject was born Jan. 28, 1820. He attended school 1084 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. during the winter and worked on the farm in the summer months until he grew old enough to work hard; tlien was compelled to give up his schooling and assist on the farm. In the spring of 1855 he came to Scott County and settled on section 12, Hickory Grove Township, where he still resides. He owns 500 acres of finely cultivated land. He was formerly engaged in raising grain exclu- sively; now breeds stock also. He was married Feb. 10,18-47, to Catherine L. Deyoe. They had five children, two living — Leroy L. and Daniel D. Mrs. Burch died Oct. 1, 1868. Mr. Burch was married Feb. 19, 1873 to Cynthia C. Curtis, daughter of Daniel Curtis, deceased. They liave had three children, two living — Ira C. and Hettie M. Charles P. Carter, the oldest settler in Hickory- Grove Town- sliip, wasborninAVayne County, one mile south of Centreville, Ind., April 21, 1829. His father was Alfred Carter, deceased, wlio was born near Fredericksburg, Va., in the Shenandoah Valley. He came with his family to Scott County in 1836. He was one of the first count}' commissioners for the Territory of Iowa, and in 1839-'40 represented Scott County in the Territorial Legislature. The family consisted of eight children — Julia A., John T., Martin W. (deceased), Chas. P., James T. (deceased), William A. (deceased), Nancy J. (now Mrs. Lafayette Fish, resides in Tahama, Tahama Co., Cal.). and Mary E. (deceased). Mr. Alfred Carter died Nov. 8, 1840. The subject of this memoir had very few educational ad- vantajjes, beinsr educated chieflv in the school of hard work. In 1872 he made a trip to California, returning tlie same year. He was married in 1854 to Sarah E. Higgins, daughter of Julius Hig- gins, now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Carter have had four children — Ida E., Lizzie M., Carrie L., and a son Alfred who is dead. Mr. Carter owns 207 acres of rich land in Hickory Grove Township and 193 acres in Allen's Grove Township, and is extensively engaged in fai-ming and stock-raising; makes a specialty of the latter. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., Lodge No. 17, Dixon. Vincent S. Cartei\ deceased, was born in Virginia, where he lived until he was a few years old, then moved to Wayne Co., Ind., and from there to Scott County in 1838, and settled in Rocking- ham Township; kept store thereabout six months, then went to Pilot Grove, Hickory Grove Township, and ensraged in farming there until 1850, when he removed to Jersey Ridge, four miles north of Davenport. Afterward moved to Davenport, where he died about 187L Michael Connor, section 2, Hickory Grove Township, was born in the Province of Ontario (then Upper Canada), March 25, 1835, and is a son of John Connor, deceased, a native of Carlow Co., Ireland. Jolm Conner came with his family to tliis county in 1846, locating in Liberty Townstiij), and in 1850 removed to Allen's Grove Township. Our subject was a soldier for Uncle Sam in the late war, in Co. C, 2d Iowa Cavalry, and was present at the siege of Corinth, Nashville, Rienza, Cofteeville and others; for further HICKORY GROVE TOWNSHIP. 1085 information as to the battles, raids, etc., see the biography of Daniel Snyder, of Liberty Township. Mr. Conner went into tiie war as a private, and returned as first lieutenant. In 1865 he re- moved to his present farm. lie was married Nov. 10, 1869, to Jennie, daughter of James Stepliens, of wliom we speak at greater lengtli elsewlierc in this woik. They liave four eliildren — Jennie J., Nellie L., Adda ^I. and AVilliard K. Mr. Connor is the present school treasurer for Hickory Grove. lie is a member of the following societies: A. F. & A. K., 1. O. O. F.. and A. O. U. W. He owns over 200 acres of land. Leander Curtis was born in Rensselaer Co., N. V., Dec. 3, 1817; son of Mark Curtis, of Conneclicut. Leander spent his early life in working on his fatlier's farm and in attending the district sciiool, where he obtained a lair education. He went to Adams Co., III., in 1842, where he engaged in farming until 1857, when he re- moved to Scott County and settled on section 1, Hickory Grove Township, which is his present home. He owns 160 acres in this township, 160 in Sheridan Town.-^hip, and 80 acres of timber land in Allen's Grove Township. He is known as one of Scott County's mo.*t energetic and enterprising citizens. He was married in ISll to Hannah Stoaks; she died Jan. 20. 1868, leaving three children — Elmore, Ellen M. and Emily J. Mr. Curti.^ married his present wife, Mary A. Keed, in Sejiteniber, 1872. She was born in New York, and was a daughter of Samuel and Mary Reed. John K. Dempster was born in Morgan Co. , Ohio, Jan. 3, 1838, son of Thomas I)em])ster, f)f JNIaryland. Joiin E. was reared on a farm and educated at Taylorville. Ohio, where his parents moved when he was three yeais o'd. In March, 1859, he came to Scott County. He taught school in Hickory Grove, Allen's throve and Winfield Townships four years. His marriage to Esther E. Burch occurred March 5, 1868. She is a daughter of Ira Burch, a resident of this township. Mr. and Mrs. Dempster had three children — Emma E., Mary .1. and John J. Mrs. Esther Dempster died and Mr. Dem|ister was again mai-ried, April 13. 1875. to Josephine Fitzsiminons, daughter of Phelix Fitzsiminons, now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Dcmjister have two children — Alden H. and Edna A. Mr. Dempster was township cleik two terms; has been director and secretary of the independent district of Lynn Grove for the past 14 years. His brothcis, Albert. George W. and Francis M., were soldiers in the late war. Francis M. died at Cheat Mount- ain, W. Va. He was taken pi-isuuer at Winchester, Va., and confined in Libby, Belle Island and Castle Thunder prison^. Albert was discharged on account of disabilitv; came to Iowa, was drafted into the service and^served until the close of the war. He died in Crawfordsville, Iowa, in March, 1878. Andrew Dengler is a native of Bavaria. Germany, born Oct. 19, 1827. He emigrated to America, Aug. 12. 1855. He located in Davenport, Iowa. Ho obtained employment as a farm laborer, working for ^15 and $20 a month for four years. He was married 1086 HISTORY OW SCOTT COUNTT. to Henrietta Eckhoeff, Jan. 15, 1859. After he was married Mr. Dengler rented land fur 15 years, then purchased 140 acres in Hickory Grove Township, which is his present home. He has his farm under good cultivation and well stocked. Mr. and Mrs. Dengler have nine children — Henry, Adolph, Lizzie, Charles, Earnest, William, Amelia, Bettie and August ; four of them are going to school. Mr. Dengler is a consistent member of the Lutheran church. Conrad Dietz was born in Hegs, Germany, May 1, 18i9. He emigrated to America in 1855, landing at Baltimore, Md. From there he went to Johnstown, Pa., whei'e he remained two years, then came to Scott County and located in hJickory Grove Township. His father gave iiim 80 acres of land here,- where, he now resides; he also owns 40 acres in Cleona Township, making 120 acres. He has his farms under good cultivation and leads an economical and industrioiis life. Ho was married to Maggie Puck, March 2, 1870. Their union has been blessed with seven children — Herman, Willie, Matta, Tilda, Emma, Gustave and Bernhardt. Mr. Dietz's widowed mothermake^ her home with him. Mr. Dietz, Sr., died in 1878 at the age of 72. Caleb Dunn is a native of P^ranklin Co., O., born May 14, 1820. He went with his 'parents to Fountain Co., Ind., in the fiiU of 1834, and came to this county and located in Allen's Grove Township the spring of 1837. When they came here the Indians still inhabited the county and wild game was to be had in abundance. At that time there was no settlement between Allen's Grove and Davenport. The Indians frequently staid over night with them. Caleb worked for his father until he was 25 years old; the latter then gave him $100, with which he bought 80 acres of land on section 3, ILickory Grove Township. He moved on it in June, 1844, and it has been his home since. He now owns 335 acre* and is an extensive farmer and stock-raiser. His marriage to Eleano Cease, of Bed.ord Co., Pa., occurred in June, 1844. To them have been born six children — George F., born in 1845; Isabella J., in 1847; Chandler K., in 1849; William A., in 1851; Lvdia E, in 1854, and Mary V., born in 1859. J. H. Qasseling was born in Holland, Nov. 23, 1823. He emigrated to America in 1854 and landed in New York, where he worked in a lumber yard six months, then came to Iowa and lo- cated in Davenport in the spring of 1855. He worked in a saw- mill two months, then hired as a farm hand for one year, at $120 a year. Then worked by the month, receiving $20 in the summer and $13 in the winter for some time; he then commenced farming for himself. In corapan}' with Mr. Will Ghoering they rented 120 acres ot land at $3 an acre for one year, then leased the same for five years. In 1863 they dissolved partnership and Mr. Gasseling continued to work the farm alune. He bought it in 1863, and in 1864 bought 80 acres more, making 200 acres in all. He has his HICKORT GROVE TOWNSHIP. 1087 farm under good cultivation and well stocked. He was married in Davenport in 1861 to Mary Kamper. To them have been born nine children— Theodore, born in 186::; Hannah, in 1863; Mar- garet, in 1865; Henry, in 1870; Lizzie, in 1872; Barney, in 1874; Allie, in 1876, and Harman, in 1880. Hannah married Theodore Mullenback in May, 1881; ihey reside in this township. Mr. Gasseling is a member of the t'atholic church. George Golinghorst is a native of Hanover, Germany, born May 8, 1830. ■ He emigrated to the United States, landing in New Oi-- leans in November, 184:7, having been on the ocean 10 weeks. As he was quite yountr wlien he came to this country lie could not do heavy work. He obtained employment in a hotel in New Or- leans some time, then accepted a situation as bar-tender on a steamboat. In 1851 he came to Davenport and shortly afterward settled on the place where he now resides. He bought SO acres of land, to which he has since added 260 acres, making 340 in all. He has speculated to some extent in stock, in which he has been very successful and has accumulated a comfortable fortune. He has always been strictly honest and upright in his dealings with men and takes this as liis standard of religion. Pie was married July 4, 1S60, to Lizzie Ilaman. To them have been born uine children— Mary B., born Dec. 12, 1863; Henry, July 3, 1866; Fred, June 18, 1867; George, June 19, 1869; Leena.Dec. 20, 1870; Kodolph, Jan. 21, 1872; Emma, April 23, 1876; Lizzie, Oct. 3, 1879, and Agnes, Nov. 4, 1881. Mathias Gries is a native of Prussia, born Feb. 5, 1829. He is a son of Mathias Gries, Sr., born also in that country. The sub- ject of this biography came to Scott County in 1854, and worked by the montii three years. In 1857 he went to Nebraska, where he helped to settle the town of Grand Island. He returned to this county in 1863. He was married to Anna Lamp, June 13, 1865. Their married life has been blessed with four cliildren — Sopiiia, Minnie, John and Alvina. Mr. Gries and family reside on section 22, this township, where he is the owner of 153 acres of rich land, under good cultivation and well stocked. Thomas Joens is a son of Henry Joens, a native ot Hol- stein, Germany, where Thomas was born Oct. 4, 1S5S. They came to this country in 1865. Thomas was educated in the English and German languages. After coming to this coun- ty, he engaged in farming three years, then bought the hotel, saloon and four acres ol ground on which it is situated, in January, 1882, which he still runs. It is known as the Seven-]\[ile House of Hickory Grove Township. He was married, Nov. 28, 1880, to Emma lloclian, daughter of Fred. A. Rochan, who is a resident of Sheridan Township. Mr. Joens has his hotel in lirst- class order, and has a thriving trade. Henry Kanhl was born in Ilolstein, Germany, April 5. 1840. His parents were John and Minnie (Ervors) Kardel; the former was born in Hoistein, Germany, April 27, 1807. They were mar- 1088 HISTOET OF SCOTT COtJNTY. ried in 1833, and had three children — Frederick, Fridrecke and Henry. The mother died in 1853, in America, four weeks after arrivino; here. In 1855 Mr. Jolin Kardel married his present wife, Anna Christina. The subject of this sketch emigrated witli his parents to the United States in 1853, and came at once to Scott County and bought their present farm in Hickory Grove Township, which consisted of 2-iO acres. Tlie farm has been divided between the brothers, Henry and Frederick, giving each 120 acres. Henry Kardel was married in 186i to Catherine Hagedorn. They have three children — John B., born May 5, 186.5; Amanda, June 5, 1867, and Theodore, born April 16, 1869. Mr .Kardel is engaged in raising grain and stock, and is making his mark as a first-class farmer. John Ktrker was born in Bavaria, Germany, Feb. 16, 1817. He emigrated to America in 1838, and landed at New Orleans, thence to St. Louis, Mo. From St. Louis lie went to Illinois and worked three years; tlien when to Zanesville, O., where he re- mained four or five years. In October, 1853, he came to Daven- port. He obtained employment in Wickersham's hardware store one year, then accepted a situation in Mitchell's store, which he held three years; then bought 100 acres of land on section 9, Hickory Grove Township, which he settled upon in 1857. Since that time he has added 60 acres to his farm, making 160 acres ot as fine land as there is in the country, all under good cultivation. He was married in Ohio, on Jan. 21, 1845, to Maggie Rock. By this union there were 11 children, nine living — John E; Peter, now married; Adam, also married; Margaret, now the wife of John Whitman; Louisa, wife of John Souther; Joseph H., Wil- liam II., Tilda M. , and Clara H. Mr. Kerker is a member of the Catholic church. Henry Clindt is a native of Holstein, Germany, born March 12, 1846, son of Henry Klindt, Sr., who died in 1879. The subject of this memoir came to the LTnitod States in 1868, and located in Scott County. He worked for several years in Maysville, Hickory Grove Township; then estriblished tiie hotel there, which lie still runs. He was married in 1877 to Celia Sindt. They have had three children — Metta, Albert and Henry. Mr. Klindt is a mem- ber of the Maysville Shooting Club. David EJnonse was born in Cumberland Co., Pa., March 24 1840, son of David Knouse, a native also of that place, who came with his family to Moline, 111., in the spring of 1850, and to Davenport in the fall ot that year. The subject rd" this sketch received a common school education; he enlisted in Company D, 20th Iowa Infantry, in the late war, and served three years, partic- ipating in the siege and capture of Vicksburg, siege of Ft. Morgan, Ft. Blakely, Mobile and others. He was married April 24 1869, to Temperance Day, a native of Washington Co., Pa., and a daughter of George W. Day, now of this township. Mr. and Mrs. Knouse have had si.x children, five living — George W. HICKORY GROVE TOWNSHIP. 10S9 "William D., Mary T., Frank L. and Lewis G. Mr. Knouse owns 160 acres of land, and is engaged in farming and stock-raising. Clans H. Lamp was born in llolstein, Germany, May 6, 1S48. His father, Claus Lump, was born at that place in ISOO. He came to America with his family in November, 1846, and located in Davenport, Iowa, in the spring of 184-7. He is a carpenter by trade; his wife was a physician; siie died in 1870. He is still living. Claus II. Lamp came with his parents to Davenport in 1847, and attended school in Davenj)ort. When 10 years of age his father bought a piece of unhroken prairie, and commenced to make a farm. He was married Aug. ly, 1861, in Davenport, to Catharine Lamp. By this union there are six children — Matildii, born April 30, 186-4; Caroline, March 7, 1869; Julius, Jan. 28, 1872; Clara, Jan. 22, 1876, and Adolphus, born Dec. 26, 1878. Mr. Lamii owns 160 acres of land where he resides; al>o 320 acres in llickery Grove Township, and 160 acres in Liberty Township, which he inirchased for his wife, making 640 acres in all, mostly under cultivMtion. Tennis Lietage was born in Germany, Jan. 6, 1831. In 1856 he left his home in Germany, and emigrated to the United States. He located at once in Davenjiort, and engaored in speculating in horses some four years; then, in paitnership with \\\i brother, he bought a farm in Hickory Grove Township, which his brother managed, while he still continued in his business of horse trading. In 1.^70 his brother died, and in 1881 he married his widow. She had four children by her first husband — Emma, Mary, Christ and Eddie. Mr. Lietage is now residing in Maysville, where he owns a tine residence, and conducts a saloon and boarding heuse. He also manages his farm of 88 acres, near the town, and is making a financial success of it. David Lougher was born in South Wales, three miles from Swansea, Sept. 19, 1819. His father, Eben Lougher, was a na- tive of Wales; brought his family to Quebec in 1832, and to Car- bondale, Pa., the same year. In 1833 they moved to Pittsburg, Pa. From there David Lougher went to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1837. He was employed as second engineer on the Alabama River, from Mobile to Montgomery, two years. Then worked in the Wire-drawing Works in Cincinnati several years. In 1S50 he came to Scott County, and in 1S51 entered 320 acres of land on sections 14 and 23, Hickory Grove Township. He now owns 192 acres on section 14, where he resides. He was married June 13, 1843, to Margaret Price. They have had six children, five liv- ing — Elizabeth, John, Lina, Mary, and Timothy. Mr. Longijcr lias held several local offices in the gifts of the people in this township. John G. Mattlieios is a native of Pennsylvania, born Dec. 22, 1835. His lather, Benjamin Matthews, was born July 11, 1804, in Sussex Co., N. J. From there he removed to Pennsylvania in 1812, thence to Davenport in 1848. He located in Hickory Grove Town- 1090 HisTOKY OF SCOTT couimr. ship, where he bought 140 acres of land, which he sold and bought a t'arm near Davenport; afterward returned to Hickory Grove Township. He now resides with his son near Hickory Grove. The subject of this sketch came to Scott County with his parents in 1848. He remained in Davenport a short time, then pnrcliased his present tarm in Hickory Grove Township. He has his land under good cultivation aud in a flourishing condition. He was married to Elizabeth Mc Knight July 11, 1851:. To tliem were born six children — Adda, now Mrs. William Knouse, of Eldridge; Kate, born N"ov. 21, 1864; Charles D., Oct. 15. 1866; Jobn E., Oct. 23. 1868; Arthur S., May 21, 1870. and Walter S., born Jan. 3, 1873. Mr. Matthews has held the ofBces of justice of the peace and town- ship clerk for the past 10 years, filling both with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of the people. Charles Rathjeti was born in Hickory Grove Township on the 27tli of May, 1858. He was reared and educated in the district schools of that place. On Dec. 7, 1877, he was married to Ma- tilda Eichman. Their union has been blessed with two children — Hellena, born in October, 1878, and Albert, born Nov. 15, 1880. Mr. Rathjen owns a fine farm of 160 acres, on section 6, this town- ship, and raises grain and stock for the market. He is a thorough- going young man, and will make his mark as a good farmer. He does not take a very active interest in politics, but votes for the best man. Chr. Roclc was born in Waldock, Germany, Jan. 15, 1829. In 1853 he emigrated to America; landed in New York, and came at once to Davenport, Iowa. He worked as a farm laborer at $8 a month for some time, then worked on the railroad until 1854, when he went to New Orleans; failing to find employment there he returned to Davenport and worked as a farm hand some three years; then rented land for four years; afterward bought 160 acres, to which he has since added until now he owns 630 acres of good farming land. He was married in 1857 to Williamence Rock. They have five children — Christe, Louisa, Caroline, Williamence and Frederick. Louisa is now married. Fred&inck Rohs was born in Holstein, Germany, Aug. 8, 1824. His father, John Rohs, is a native also of that country and came to America in 1851; he resides with his son Frederick. Tiie subject of this memoir came with his parents to this country in 1851, and landed in New Orleans, and came at once to Davenport. He went to work at the carpenter's trade and continued in that business three years, then purchased a farm of 160 acres in Hickory Grove Township, where he has since resided. He now owns 640 acres of valuable land. He was married to Dora Bt)sh in August, 1851. They have four children — Mary (who married Henrv Paustian), John, Lois and Henry. Mr. Rohs, in politics, is a Republican. Joachim i?(?A/^ is of German nativity, born Dec. 1, 1832. He emigrated to America in 1852 and came to Davenport, Iowa, June 21 of that year. After working two years by the month, he rented HICKOEY GROVE TOWNSHIP. 1091 a farm, which he purchased live years later. It consists of 160 acres in section 33, Hickory Grove Townsiiip, and is under good cultivation, lie was married to Bettie Arp, in Davenport, Feb. 17, lS6:i. To them were born eight children, seven living — Hcnrj' (\\\\o is attending college in Davenport), Willie, Amelia, Emma, Charley, Lizzie and James. Mr. Joachim Rohlk has been an in- valid for the past six years, not being able to attend to business. His wife, who is a very efficient manager, takes care of the farm. Mrs. Rdhlk's father. Air. Peter Arp, resides with her. He celebrated his 90th birthday Sept. 2, 1881. He was born in Gertnaiiy, Sept. 2, 1702, and emigrated t'> this country in 1852, and has been a res- ident ot Davenport and vicinity since that time. Since the death of his wite, which occurred eight years ago, he has lived with Mrs. Rohlk. Adolph Rotsch was born in Prussia, Germany, March 21, 1833, and was a son of Francis Rutsch, of Bohemia, who emigrated with his family to Indianola, Te.xas, in 1845. He built the third house in that place and kept store there. Adolph and his brother tished and caught oysters and crabs to sell. They went to Mis- souri in 18-18; from there to Madison Co., III., and to Scott County in 1866. The subject of this sketch was married, Feb. 18, 1855, to Augusta Iloen. To them were born 11 children, eight living — Frances, Bertha. Herman, Emma, Otto, Elizabeth, Theodore and Matilda. Mr. Rotsch is engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 14, where he owns a line farm of 147 acres. He has been school director for several years. Henry Ruwe was born in Prussia, Oct. 12, 1835. He came to this country in 1841, landing at Plymouth, Mass., where he en- gaiied in the cod fisheries, during their season, which lasts from May until Octoijer, for several years. During the winters he en- gaijcd in coasting between Now York, Baltimore and New Orleans, in 1S52 he left Plymouth and came to Davenport. He located on a farm in Hickory Grove Township. He sold 80 acres of land in 1855 for $10 an acre, and in 1872 bought it back again, paying $40 an acre for it. He owns 550 acres of land, all under good cultiva- tion. He was married to Fredericke Kerdel Feb. 20, 1855. They have had 11 children, viz.: Henry, born Jan. 25, 1856; Frederick, Jan. 8, 1857; John, Nov. 30, 18.59; Minnie. Aug. 8, 1861; Charles, June 8. 1863; Mary, March 27. 1865; William, Jan. 3, 1867; David. Nov. 20, 1869; Emma, March 27, 1871; Louie, June 20, 1873; Fredericke. Oct. 26, 1876. All are living at home. John Jacob Scheisser, deceased, was born in Switzerland, Oct. 4, 1801. He was married there to Magdalinc Mensie. She died in Russia leaving three children. He was again married in St. Peters- burg, Russia, to Ilellen Eidiohn, in 1S45. She was born in Russia in 1816, and came to America in 1847. Jlr. and Mrs. Scheisser were blessed with eight children, six living — John, Theodore. Uel- len, now Mrs. Joseph Galliner; Amelia, now Mrs. E. B. Dick- inson; Matilda, now Mrs. John Rose; and Jacob, who lives at 1092 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTT. home with his mother. Mr. J. J. Scheisser died March 7, 187S, leaving his family and a large concourse of friends to mourn his loss. Mrs. Scheisser and her son manage their farm of 80 acres in Hickory Grove Township, which is all under good cultivation. Henry Schultz, son of FredericI^ Schultz, was born in Holstein, Germany, Sept. 24, 1845. He attended the common scliools of that county and received a tolerably good education. He came to this country in 1869. In 1871 he and 16 or 17 others employed a teacher at Maysville, who gave them lessons at night. They all progressed rapidly, and learned to read and write in the English language in four months. Mr. Schultz was married, March 22, 1873, to Johaima Euge. They have had six children, of whom Carl, Ella, Emma. Gustave and Martha are living. Mr. Schultz was appointed postmaster, Amity P. O., of Maysville, Aug. 11, 1875, which position he still holds. He is the proprietor of a store ot general merchandise in Maysville, where he does a profit- able business. Has held the office of town clerk for the past three years, and is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge. M. Spelletick is a native ot Hungary, born Sept. 27, 1845. He is a son of Felix Spelletick, a native also of that country and a refugee from the Revolution of 1848. He was district commis- sioner of the Full Powers tiiere. On coming to America he located in Scott County where he entered 1,200 acres of land. He returned to Hungary, where he now resides. The subject of this record came with his father to the United States in 1851. He was educated in Griswold College, of Davenport. He was married in 1873 to Isa- bell Stevens. Their children are — Ella, Adeline, Felix and Adam. Mr. Spelletick resides in Hickory Grove Township, whei-e he is engaged in farming and stock-breeding. He owns a fine farm of 300 acres of valuable land. He lias held several township offices and is one of the prominent men of the county. Hans Strath^nmi is a native of Holstein, Germany, born June 21, 1841. In 1856 he came to the United States, and located in Davenport on July 2 of that year. He worked on a farm some time, then learned the cooper's trade, which he followed for several years. He afterward kept a saloon for 10 years, and in 1877 moved to New Liberty and engaged in the dry-goods business there three years; then moved to Hickory Grove Township and es- tablished his present business. He keeps a complete line of gen- eral goods, and has a steadily increasing trade. He was married on Jan. 3, 1865, to Mary Hass. Three children have been born ot this union — Louisa, born Nov. 26, 1866; Willie, July 11, 1873, and Lanra, Dec. 4, 1878. Lemuel D. Wh'ite\& a son of Samuel and Rebecca (Stout) White, natives of Lewis Co., Va., where Lemuel D. was born, Dec. 19, 1816. Mrs. White is still living, at the age of 85 years; she re- sides with the subject of this sketch. He was reared on a farm and obtained an education in the old pioneer school-houses of that day, which were furnished with slab seats, puncheon floor, and a fire- (/-^y* /%^ cie/T_^ HICKORY GROVE TOWNSHIP. 1095 place in each end of tlie room ; a piece of greased paper pasted over a hole cut in the logs served as a window light, and an ox gad was used by the teacher to enforce order. Mr. White came to Scott County July 7, 1843. He was married in 1840 to Elizabeth Blake, by whom he had three children — Mary E., Virgil A. and Rebecca J. Mrs. Elizabeth White died in 1845. Mr. White married for hiB second wife Mrs. Sarah Alger, jieeHiWs, in 1856. Mr. White is the owner of 160 acres of land in Hickory Grove Township, and 20 acres in Allen's Grrove Township. He is engaged in growing grain and stock for the market. Detlef Vt under was born in Germany, July 15, 1827. He emi- grated to America in 1854, and came to Davenport, la., arriving July 10, of that year. He followed the carpenter's trade for two years, then bought a threshing machine, which he operated for ]1 years. During that time he rented a iarm which he cultivated when there was no work to be done with the threshing machine. In 1861 he bought the farm where he now resides. It contains 245 acres and is mostly under good cultivation. He was married to Catharine Megor, Jan. 1, 1S57. They had four children, Henry (deceased), John, Gustaand Julia. He lost his wife in 1866, and in October, 1867, he married his present wife, Bettie Girch. Tliis union has been blessed with six children — Henry, born Julv 11, 1868; Fritz, July 22. 1870; Maggie, Nov. 12, 1871; Charles", June 20, 1874; William, Dec. 22, 1875, and Louis, born June 3, 1877. Mr. Wunder has baen very successful in a financial way and owns a fine property and comfortable home. •8 TOWNSHIP AND CITY OF LE CLAIRE. Le Claire Township was first settled in 1834 by Eleazer Parkliurst, who purchased a claim just above the north line of the "reserve," of George W. Harlan, who built the cabin thereon. The cabin was built as early as February, 183-i. The reserve spoken of was a tract of 640 acres at the head of the rapids, given Antoine Le Claire by the Indians when they made their treaty with the whites in 1832. They had at the same treaty presented Mrs. Le Claire with a similar amount of land where the city of Davenport now stands. The reason of this gift was out of friendship for Mr. and Mrs. Le Claire. He had been with them from boyhood, either in the employ of the Government, or agent for the Fur Company, as inter- preter, and was very popular with them. The American Fur Com- pany at an early day had a trading house on a small island some three miles below Le Claire, called Davenport's Island, afterward Smith's Island, and then Fulton's Island. The Indians came across Kock River, Meredosia Swamp, and trom the Wapsipine- con River to this " post" to trade. The Indians loved to dwell along the thick-timbered lands of the Pau-ke-she-tuck (rapids), or swift watei^s, where they found an abundance of tish and also much game. The forest was dense all through the country lying along the Mississippi River, from Spencer's Creek, at the head of Pleasant Valley, to Princeton, and was of large growth. The Indians often returned to their forest home at the head of the rap- ids, and in 1837 one thousand of them encamped where the town of Le Claire now stands. EABLT SETTLERS. Martin W. Smith was the second settler inLe Claire Township, and was followed the same season, 1834, by Nathan and Ira F. Smith, who settled just below the present town of Le Claire. Phil- lip Suiter came in the fall of the same year. Laurel Summers, now, in 1882, one of the oldest settlers living in the township, says that when he can"ie to the township, in 1837, there were living in the neitchborhood of the present town of Le Claire, Eleazer Park- hurst, T. C. Eads, Sterling Parkhurst, J. W. Parkhurst, M. W. Smith, Ira F. Smith, Eli Smith, William Conroe, James Haskell, Phillip Suiter, A. W. Finley, Paul Follmer, S. G. Condit, Gris- wold Vanduzer, J. M. Vanduzer, Rockwell McKinstry, Josiah Scott, Dr. Z. Grant, Jonas Barber, William Rowe, B. F. Pike, Benjamin Barber, H. E. W. East, Wald Parkhurst, Goodrich Hub- bard, L. Parkhurst, W. W. Upton, Alfred Prather and John Lewis. 1096 LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1097 Between 1837 and IS-IO tliere settled in the township, James Jack, James Spear, William Hopson, Robert Carleton, Puree Barber, George Long, Jacob Carber, Stephen Piircell, Samuel Stopher, Aaron Lancaster, Thomas Lancaster, D. V. Dawley, William Allen, Charles Ames, John Allen, Joseph Turner, Na- thaniel Wilson, Ralph Letton, William McCTinnis, William Wil- son, William Gardner, Isaac Cody, John II. Sessions and James Turner. .TUMPING CLAIMS. It was several 3'ears from the time the land in this vicinity was ceded to the general Government before it was surveyed and placed upon the market. In the meantime the settlers made their claims and their rights were held inviolate, and woe unto the man who attempted to jump the "claim" of a settler. The man who had the temerity to do such a deed was looked upon as one likely to do worse things when opportunity offered. A laughable farce of this kind took place in September, 1837. At a meeting of the inhabi- tants of tlie settlement, matters had been talked over as to the peace and good order of the community, and the meeting was about to ad- journ, when ayoungman, a stranger, ratlier casually remonstrated against anyone holding more than one "claim," and not that unless he lived on it. He was from Hennepin, 111., and most evidently had not "traveled the country all over," assuming rather more airs than was necessary for the occasion. His remarks were heard by one Simeon Cragin, a discharged soldier, and one of those uncere- monious, backsvoi^ds, frontier, half-civilized persons that lurk around the border settlements, who immediately presented himself before him and thus addressed him: " My name, sir, is Simeon Cragin. I own fourteen 'claims,' and if any man 'jumps ' one of them I will shoot him down at once, sir. I am a gentleman, sir, and scholar. I was educated in JJangor; have been in the United States army and served my country faithfully; am the discoverer of the ' Wopsy '; can ride a grizzly bear, or whip any human that ever crossed the ilississippi; and if you dare to jump one of my claims, die you must. My name is Simeon Cragin, sir, all the way from Bangor. Maine, and you must leave these diggins with but few remarks." He left. The tirst couple living in Le Claire Township, united in mar riage, were Griswold Vanduzerand Mrs. Van Dyke. Scott County not then being organized, Dubuque was the point where licenses had to be obtained, and tlie distance being so great the couple crossed the river into Rock Island Co., 111., and were there made one. The first death was that of Simeon Cragin. The first frame building erected was in the winter of 183G-'7, by Col. T. C. Eads, in the village of Parkhurst, now Le Claire. It is yet standing, and was long regarded as one of the land-marks of the place. 1098 HISTORY OF scorr county. The first preaching was at the house of Dr. Grant, by a Method- ist circuit rider, a Jiev. Mr. Hobert. Soou after him came Rev. Ezra Fisher, of the Baptist church, and Rev. A. B. Hitchcock, of the Congregationalist. A private school was taught in Parkhurst in 1840 by Miss Clark, the first in the town. The first blacksmith shop was started by George W. Warren, in 1841. Davenport & Rogers built the first flouring mill in 1848. The first carpenter shop was in 1840, by John and Isaac Williams. The first representative in the Legis- lature from Le Claire Township was Laurel Summers. Tlie lands in this section were first offered for sale by the Government in 1840. Eleazer Parkhurst opened the first farm up on the prairies back of the village of Parkhurst. VILLAGE OF PAKKHUBST. In the summer of 1837, Eleazer Parkhurst having disposed of a part of his claim to T. C. Eads, they jointly laid out the town of Parkhurst. The first important improvement made in the place was by Col. Eads in the erection of a large frame building in the summer of 1837. This building was one of the wonders of the age, and is yet standing. Ralph Letton, of Cincinnati, in the spring of 1S38 pur- chased a portion of Col. Eavls' interest in the town, and a disagree- ment among the owners retarded the settlement of the place for several years, and no improvement took place until 1841. Tiic first store opened in the place was in 1839, by Lemuel Park- iiurst, in a little stone building erected for that purpose. The town grew but slowly and witnessed some trying periods, and in 1848 could boast only of about a dozen dwelling-houses, while the country back of it had been settling up quite rapidly. During the summer of 1836, Eleazer Parkhurst applied to the postoffice department for a postofiice at his place, lie immedi- ately received a favorable answer, with the appointment of post- master, and the office was named Parkhurst, after the name of the petitioner. VILLAGE OF LE OLAIRE. The mania for laying out villages and becoming rich from the sale of town lots began at a very early date. The desirable location here for a prosperous town early attracted the attention of parties passing up and down the Mississippi River, and who were not blind to the coming future. The following is a copy of a contract made between Mr. Lo Claire and the parties named the year after the treaty, and even before the land came into market. Whereas, It is agreed by and betwesn Antoine Le Claire of the one part, and George Davenport, Enoch C. March and John Reynolds of the other p^irt, witness- eth : That the aaid Le Claire agrees to convey by deed in fee simple, to the said Davenport, March and Reynolds, 40 acres each— to be taken out of a se.tion LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1099 of land at the head of the rapids, which Wiis granted to said Le Claire by the late treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians. Said land is situated on the Mississippi River, on the WL'st side thereof . S.iid Le Claire reserving 40 acres himself of said section, making in all one quarter section. Said quarter section is to be located so as to be most suitable for laying out a town thereon. And all the p irties to this contract agree further to lay out a town on said quarter section of land, and to be equal partners and proprietors thereof. Said quarter section of land is to be located and surveyed as soon as practicable, and the same surveyed also, as soon ;us practicable, into lots. Said Davenport. Mar.h and Reynolds, in consideration of said land, agreed to pay him (Le Claire) §80, each one. Attest, K. MoKenzey. 27th March, 1833. (Signed) Antoine LeCi.aire, 1 Gkouge Davknport, '\^ Seals. E.NOcu C. March, .' John Reynolds. J At a subsequent date tl\e interest of Enoch C. Marcli was pur- chased b}' Capt. James May. The town of Le Claire was first laid out in the spring or sum- mer of 1S37 bj the town coinpanj, surveyed by William R. Shoe- maker, assisted by Henry S. Howell, both United States sur- veyors. In 18-tl Charles Ames, William Allen. A. K. Philfeo and Mar- tin W. Smith made improvements and settled in the town of Le , Claire. Mr. Ames was from Pt)rt Byron, on the opposite side f the river, and brought with him a stock of goods, the first ever oflFered for sale in Le Claire. Mr. Ames died in 1.^46. Like the town of Parkhurst, the village of Le Claire was of slow growth. Li the Le Claire Republic of March 23, 1859, Edward Russell, now editor of the Gazette, Davenport, thus speaks of his first view of the two towns : " In 1818, when we first visited the locality, Le Claire and Park- hurst were separated by a ' gulf,' which, though easily passed, kept each town entirely separate from the other. A beautitul dense grove of oaks extended from Reynolds street up to Holland street, and no ' cabins' or fences marred the scene. Le Claire then contained nine frame dwelling-houses, two brick dwelling-houses, one brick store, one frame store occupied, and one or two unoccupied, one brick building used as a pork house, one blacksmith shop, the Baptist church, occupied but not finished, and the old Methodist church, in course of erection. Parkhurst boasted of eight frame buildings, one brick, one stone, and two logs; two stone store buildings, one frame barn and one log barn." Cirr OF LE CLAIRE. It was not until about 1850 that either of the towns began to as- sume the appearance of a village, but from that time both increased in population and buildings, as well as in extension of the limits of their towns. In 1851 Davenport and Rogers purchased of Mr. 1100 HISTOEr OF SCOTT COtJNTT. Le Claire the remaining strip of land lying between the two towns of Le Claire and Parkhurst, and laid it out into building lots. This gave a new impetus to buildings of all kinds. Mills and manu- factories were erected; mechanics of all kinds settled in the place, and many large brick stores were erected, so that in 1855, on peti- tion of the inhabitants of both towns, the Legislature by act incor- porated the city of Le Claire, including within its limits the town of Parkhurst. At this date there were within the limits of this city no less than eleven dry-goods stores, two clothing stores, one watchmaker, one saddler, two boat and provision stores, one bakery, rive blacksmith shops, three wagon shops, one tin shop and stove store, one hard- ware store, one boot and shoe store, fivecliurches, two cooper shops, two tailor shops, two shoemakers, two livery stables, live hotels, one banking house, one printing ofhce, two steam flouring mills, one steam saw-mill, three lawyers, si.x physicians, two cabinet shops, candy shops and oyster saloons in any quantity, house and ship carpenters, stone masons and brick-la3^ers, a boat yard, where steamers are repaired and keel boats made and repaired, and a ferry across the Mississippi River. As an illustration of the condition of Le Claire and vicinity in 1851, the following questions, written by a gentleman in Indiana to and answered by a gentleman in Le Claire, are given : 1. I would like to known if a poor man can get along better there than here ? 2. Is there any Congress land to be had within 50 miles of that place that is timbered ? 3. What is the kind of rock, water, timber and soil in the county ? 4. What is the usual price for wheat, corn, oats, hay and po- tatoes. 5. AVhat is the price per acre, or rent of land; how paid, cash or shares ? 6. What is the common price of horses, cows and sheep ? 7. The price of labor per day, month, or year ? 8. The usual quantity of wheat, corn, oats, and potatoes per acre ? 9. The political cast and population of your county, and the number of its townships ? 10. Sl'.all I bring horses, wagon and farming utensils with me ? Horses are worth here from $G0 to $100, wagons $70, plows $5 to $9. 11. What chance is there for merchandising ? 12. Is there any chance for renting a house in that place ? 13. What are the prices of wood and coal ? 14. What is the size of your town, number of meetinghouses, denominations, and how far are you from tiie county seat ? LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1101 ANSWERS. 1. If a poor man cannot get along here he has no business to be a poor man, as we don't believe there is another portion of our Union where greater facilities are oifered for the same amount of mone}'. 2. Very little if an)'. But then tliere is prairie land to be had in the vicinity ot saw-mills, where luinbertbr building, fencing, etc., can be purchased at low rates. 3. Hock, limestone of a superior (]uality for building purposes. Water very good. Timber the best in the county. Soil, rich and arable — " black as your hat," to the depth of three or four feet. 5. Good improved farms may be purchased within from three to live miles of Le Claire at from $10 to $20 per acre. Rent of land at from $2 to $3 per acre, pavment generally cash. 6. Horses rate from §60 to $100; cows, $15; sheep, $3. 7. Labor per day from 50 to 75 cents; by the year about $150. 8. The average yield of wheat per acre is about 2o bushels, corn 60 bushels, oats 30, and potatoes ;'.00. Onions are a reliable and staple article, and yield about 300 bushels per acre. 9. Scott (Jounty is Democrati';, though not hopelessly so. Popu- lation in 1S50, as shown by the census, 5,9S7, since which time there has been a continual influ.K of emigration. Scott County contains about l-t townships, or a little more than 500 square miles. 10. We have stated the price of horses; you must judge for your- self whether it would be advisable to bring them. Farming uten- sils of eveiy description can be purchased here quite as reasonable as you could import them. 12. There are three stores in Le Claire, but from the business they do and the slight exertions they make to extend their custom we should conclude the opening favorable. 12. There that spoils your store — you can't get a house. Lots however are cheap, building materials low and mechanics plenty, so that tiiat obstacle may soon be overcome. 13. Wood sells at $1.50 per cord;* coal, 10 cents per bushel. 14. Population of Le Claire, 600 to 800. There are four meet- ing-houses — Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist and Disciple. Le Claire is about 12 miles from Davenport, the county seat, which contains 2,500 inliabitants, and is populating and improving with & rapidity unsurpassed by any town on the upper Mississippi River. In 1862, by vote of it« citizens, the city of Ls Claire surrendered her charter, and was incorporated as a town under the general laws of the State. * This estimate is at least one-half too low. 1102 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. POSTOFFICE. Le Claire postoffice was established in 1836, under the name of Parkhurst, with Eieaznr Parkhurst as postmaster. It was subse- quently changed to Berlin, with T. C. Eads as postmaster. Dr. Metcaif succeeded Mr. Eads in 1842, and was in turn succeeded by Jacob Eraeigh and Lemuel Parkhui-st, and the name of the office changed back to Parkhurst. A short time after the office was taken to the village of Le Claire, and name changed to that of the village. The following named have served as postmasters from that time to the present: James Gamble, Thomas Newman, John F. Newman, Mr. Harrington, William Laycock, and D. V. Dawley, the latter assuming charge of the office in the spring of 1881. Le Claire was made a money-order office in 1870. The first order was issued August 1, to A. M. Gardner. About $25,000 are an- nually issued, and about $6,000 paid. FIKST BIRTB. The first birth in the village of Le Claire was Ellen L., daughter of Laurel Summers, born in April, 1842. EDUCATIONAL. The first school taught in the township was in 1837, in the house of Phillip Suiter, Wm. Cannon being the teacher, and Mr. Suiter's five children the scholars. The first school-house was built in 1838, on the claim of John F. Smith, in fractional section 4, Mr. Smith granting the right for the consideration oione lead hullet. In this house one Thos. Dinnison was the first teacher. The next school-house was built in 1839, on the land of the late James Turner, in the north half of the northwest fourth of section 3. Dr. Periander Pollock was teacher. This Periander Pollock and wife were murdered at Silver Canyon, Col., on Dec. 4, 1881. He was a brother to Milo M. Pollock of this township. The first brick school-house in the township was buit in Park- hurst, in 1851, and is yet standing on the premises of Mr. D. Hathorn. The second brick school-house built in the township was the Suiter school-house, on the river bank, near Sycamore Creek, about three miles below town, in 1853. It was built by voluntary con- tribution, and took the place of the former two houses. The late Christian Lembach did the work. Tlie first school taught in Le Claire, then familiarly known as " the Point " or Parkhurst, was taught in 1840, by Miss Clark. At this time a local regulation required each unmarried man to LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1103 subscribe and pay for at least one scholar, renjardiess of future re- sponsibilities. In tlie next year, 1841, Miss II. Parkhurst taught school here. In lS-16-'7 the Baptist church was built on the corner of Wis- consin avenue and Second street. The want of a proper school- room beinor seriously felt, Win. Allen, D. V. Dowley with others, engaged to furnish the basement of the church as a school-room, in consideration of a lease of the same for a term of 12 years. This was the only school in Le Claire proper, until the district pur- chased, in 1854, the frame building used as a Presbyterian church, on lot o, block 18, now owned :md used by J. S. Huntington. In 1853 the school district of Le Claire was subdivided by State laws into four districts, but under one organization. A union school- house had been projected by the citizens, and the present site of the public school-house purchased in 1851, bnt this subdivision of districts by tlie Legislature prevented a realization of the object at that time. In 1850 a new frame school-house was built on lot 1, of 7, at the corner of Ferry and Cass streets. These were the only school-houses occupied until the completion of the present large and substantial stone building on Ferry street. The present public school building was commenced in 1870, and dedicated July 4, 1871, at a cost of $13,000. Its estimated value, including furniture, philosophical and chemical apparatus, and three acres of ground, is $25,000. Since its dedication its principals or superintendents have been : J. W. Coates, J. W. Austin, C. A. Birchard, J. F. Sauender, J. T. Marvin. J. A. Holmes, E. E. Hamilton. Number of pupils enrolled, 265. Average attendance, 185. Teachers employed, five. Departments, first and second jirimary, intermediate, grammar and high school. The township now has six sub-districts, with a frame school- house in each district, with an average value of $500, or a total of $3,000. In these sub-districts there are at present between the ages of five and 21, 180, with an enrollment of 150. There are in the township two independent districts, Le Claire No. 1, with 54 chil- dren of school age, an enrollment of 49, and a good stone school- house valued at $1,700; town of Le Claire, with 359 children of school age, an enrollment of 265, and a school-house with five rooms, valued at $13,000. RKI.IGIOUS. The village of Le Claire is represented by five religious societies MethodistEpiscopal, Christian, Baptist, Presbyterian and Catholic. The Baptist 6'/*'fSHrP. 1105 in all. Then followed a long interval, I'rom March 23, 18-11. to Nov. 27, 1847, during which time some of the members removed elsewhere and the place was destitute of Presbyterian preaching, with the exception of an occasional sermon by Rev. Clelland, of Daven]wrt. Nov. 27, 1847, another session and another Lord's Supper was observed, and a few more members added to the church. The officiating minister on the occasion was the Rev. G. S. Rea, a new minister who had come to Davenport. On Monday following the service Mr. John Moore was duly elected, ordained and installed as ruling elder in the church, making another besides Mr. Jack. The town having changed its name from Berlin to LeClaire, at a congregational meeting it was resolved to change the name of the church, and to petition the Presbytery of Iowa to grant the request and to changd the name from Berlin to LeClaire, which request was granted. On April 27, 1850, the communion was administered by the Rev. James 1). Mason, the ne.xt minister of Davenjiort who succeeded ]\[r. Rea. On this occasion several new members were received into the church, mostly by certificate. In August, 1850, a church building was commeticed. By this time the members had increased so as to be a ground of thankfulness and encourage- ment, yet they were all comparatively poor, and their edifice was built in ])roportion to their means. It was a frame building, 24 x 32. One hundred dollars were received from the Board of Missions and >i75 by subscription, and the rest was furnished by the time, labor and means of Elder James Jack, to whom the credit of this building is largely due. The church was finished in May, 1851; though small, it was a considerable effort for the little church at this time, and was a vast improvement on the previous state of things. In September, 1850, during the time the house was build- ing, the Lord's Supper was again administered by the Rev. J. D. Mason, and four members received into the fellowship of the church by certificate. We now ari'ive at the time when the church enjoyed the privilege of a settled pastor. The number of members at this time was about 40. There are no records of anything until May 25, 1851, when a session was held, the Rev. J. D. Mason, moderator, at Princeton, five miles farther uj) the river, the two charges to be at present under one minister, and the said ap|Jit'ation being granted, the Rev. Hugh Hutchinson, and Mr. Janjes Jack, elder, the Rev. J. D. Mason being absent, the committee, appointed by the Presby- tery, met at Princeton by appointment, <'n Sabbath, Nov. 12, organizing a new church, by the name of " Princeton Presbyte- rian ('hurch;" 12 members were received from the Le Claire church, and five new members, making 17 members composing the organization. Three elders were iluly elected and ordained, viz.: Denton D. Culbertson, Samuel Knox, and John L Gast. The Lord's Supper was adminstered to the young church. The church now enjoyed the privileges of a settled pastor. Appli- 1106 HIS'TOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. cation having been made by the session to the Presbytery which met at Le Claire in October, 1854, that a new organization be formed. The First Congregational Church of Le Claire was organized by the Rev. J. A. Reed, agent of the A. H. M. Society tn- Iowa, on the 1st of September, 1849, in the basement of the Baptist church. Eleven persons united in forming thi-^ church. Public service was held in the north room, under the Baptist meeting-house (not then finished), alternately with the Baptists until the summer of 1850, when, by agreement, the alternation of the church proper for four years with our Ba];itist brethren was received. A union Sabbath-school was also held there every Sunday, until the formation of a Congregational school, which was organized in their new chui'ch in December of 1853, and was by them contin- ued in that building until tlie liou>e was burned dawn on the 12th of April. 1874, at which time the school was in a prosperous con- dition, the average attendance for the year previous having been 90. Tne school afterward met in Caristian Chapel, until the Presbyterians opened their new house in January, 1875. The school was then removed there, and its name changed from the Le Claire Bible Sabbath-school, to the Union Bible Sabbath- school. The clniroh building erected by the Congregationalists was a frame structure, 42 x 26 feet, with a seating capacity of 140. The cost of the lot and erection was $1,065, $300 'of which was furnished by the Congregational Union, the balance being fiven by friends in Le Claire and members of the church, here is now on file a full and particular account of all money re- ceived and expended, showing by whom given, and to whom paid, an example all intrusted with the expending of other people's money would do well to follow. The building had, a few raontlis before the tire, been insured for $500, in the American Central Insurance Company, which was prompth' paid by that company. Failing to secure the aid necessary to enaMe them to build again, and the Presbyterians having recently re-organized their society, and taten steps to erect a place of worship, and most of the members of the Congregational church liaving ex- pressed a wish to unite with them, a sp-jcial meeting of the Con- gregational church was called to consider the prapriety of dis- banding, at which meeting, held on the 22J of July, 1874, it was unanimously voted to disband the church organization. The money received from the insurance was ordered to b3 disposed of as follows: $300 to be paid over to the Congregational Union, in repayment of the money advanced by them to aid in building the church, and the remaining $200 was given to the trustees of the Presbyterian church to aid them in procuring a bell. Tiie lot was donated to the A. H. M. Society. The organ was given to the Sunday-school; the seats, windows, etc., saved trom the fire, were given to the Presbyterian church. Daring the 25 years the I.E CLAIKK TOWNSIIIP. 1107 clmrch orijaiuzatioii existed, SO persons were received as meinbers tlie nuinber by deatbs. removals, etc., was reduced to 17 at the time of its dissi lutioii. The tbllowiiig persons held the office of pastor: Revs. H. L. Buller, H. W. (Jol.b, L. Tl. AVhite, J. L. Marsh, A. Alvord, D. N. Boardwell, A. Harper, and W. H. Hayward. Tha Church of Christ at Le Claire. — (in the third Lord's day of December, A. D. 18-13, a small number of individuals, male and female, gave to each other the hand of fellowship, pledging them- selves to God and to each other to keep the commandments of God and the faith df Jesus Christ, to take the word of God as the only rule of faith and practice, and as a congrciiation took upon them- selves the name of Church of Christ, meeting at Le Claire. James Brownlee, of Long Grove, Scott Co., la., having preached the gospel among us, mainly through his instrumentality, being accompanied with Brother William Davenport, the above organi- zation was effected, in December, 1813, with the fo. lowing origi- nal members: Phillip Suiter and'IIannah Suiter, L'a V. Smith and Nancy Smith, William McGinnis, Griswold Vandnzer and Louisa Vanduzer, Mary Ann Suiter. In February, 1816, Stevan Burnett visited the church and preached the gospel. Milo M. Pollock and Mary Ann Pollock were united by letter of commendation. Early in ISK! the church was called toijother, and came to the conclusion to build a house to worship in, and the same fall was ready for occupation. In the years of 1816 and 1817 Charles Levan was called as an evangelist. In November, 1817, N. A. McConnell commenceii to labor among them as an evangelist. The Lord, through his instru- mentalities, added quite a number to the church. In 18.53 and 1851 Dr. Getcbell tilled the pulpit. In 1856 Ephraiin(Phillip8 was employed by the congregation. The first elder of the organization was Wm. McGinni^, who filled the position for the first 10 years, and also held the ofKce of secretary and treasurer. The first deacons were Griswold Vanduzer and Ira F. Smith. First pastors: Charles Levan, 1817; N. A. McConnell, 1847; Dr. Lusey, paid the church several visits; Ephraim Phillips, 1856, wiio supplied the pulpit some three years, and quite a number taken into the church; G. W. Sweeney, 1863-1864, and through his ])reaching quite a number came into the church; W. D. Swaim, in 1874; N. A. Smith, in the latter partof{1875, remaining two years; N. C. Wilson, Their present pastor is Joseph P. Martindale. Meeting regular every Sabbath. Tiieir old church, which was built in 1846, becoming unfit to hold services in, they sold it and bought an edifice of the Presbyterians. The building is a frame structure, and has a capacity of seating 400 persons. The original cost of building was $1,200, but tlicy Lave expended some 400 more. William McGinnis took an 1108 HISTOBT OF SCOTT COUNTY. active interest in the welfare of the church. Tiie present elders are Wm. McGinnis. W. P. Hadlej, J. C. MjGinnis. The present deacons are J. W. Arnold and Evans Penrv. There is a member ship of between 30 and 4t) working members. They have a Sabbath school connected with the church, havinu; an attendance of about 70 on an average. The present superintendent of the Sabbath- school is Rev. Martindale. MODNT PLEASANT EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. BY F. R. SCHERER. This congregation was organized by the writer in May, 1862, with 14 members, who had previously held their church connec- tion at Salem's Church. From the time of our location here in 1856, we had preached in "Jones' school-house" every two or three weeks, and at other convenient points, for the accommodation of the above members who were too far from the church to attend regularly there. In the wisdom of man, in the fall of 1861, we and the Methodists were deprived of preaching in "Jones' school-house." At this time "greenbacks" were among the things that never bad been to any considerable extent, if at all, and every thing very low; but we determined to have a house where we could worship God accord- ing to our conscience, under our own " vine and fig tree," "none daring to molest or make afraid." To this end we purchased the lumber, hoping to be able to complete the church that fall, but the weather prevented it until spring. The largest cash amount paid by any one person previous to the dedication was $10. After pro- nring the material, being alone responsible for the erection of the church, and having but precious few dimes, we de- termined to experiment on the house of the Lord. We bougi^t a chisel, borrowed a few augers, took our old hatchet and went to work to make the joints, etc, and have them come together as near as possible as the work ot the " great temple" did. In this, not being carpenters, we succeeded somewhat commend- able. Borrowing a " stone hammer" and making a trowel of a stout shingle, we prepared a resting place for the former work and put it on it. This done, and to make a proper " finishing touch," we procured the services of Lacock, ot Davenport. At the dedica- tion, May 20, 1862, the debt of some $450 was easily liquidated. Dec. 25, 1865. we commenced a meeting in this church that lasted 49 days, and the result added 34 members to the church, aside from those added to other churches. During our labors here we have added, aside from those who organ- ized, 56 members, a number having removed, etc.; there are but about 40 left. It is truly remarkable that during our labors of 11 years as pastor of these churches, but two members have been removed by death. LE CLAIKE TOWNSHIP. 1109 UNITED I'RESBYTEEIAN CHURCH. CONTRIBUTED BT A MEMBER. The Associate Reformed Presbyterian congregation of Le Claire Prairie was organized Ma}' 21,1849, the original membership be- ing 12. Tiie first elders were: William .Janiisoii and William McCool._ The first pastor was Rev. J. B. Clark, who served the church very acceptably for two years, at the end of which time he was killed l)y lightning. The second pastor was Rev. S. McKee, who served for two years, till 1859. For the satisfaction of persons not familiar with the origin of the United Presbyterian Clitirch, it is proposed to give a brief ret- rospect of certain ecclesiastical changes, which gave rise to the denomination now known by that name. E^rly in the last century immigrants came from Scotland and the North of Ireland, known as Seceders, or Associate Presbyte- rians, and others of substantially the same faith, knoivn as Cove- nanters or Reformed Presbyterians. Both being weak, and there being no good reason for continued separation, a union of the two was effected in 1782; and by combining their former names the denomination was thenceforth known as Associate Reformed Presbyterian. Thus originated that branch of the Presbyterian iamily in which the congregation was organized. But, unhappily, the union of 1782 was not satisfactory to all There was a remnant of each of the tormer bodies that refused to unite; and this remnant received considerable accession by immi- gration from abroad. Hence, there resulted three denomina- tions instead of two. Both the Associate and Associate Reformed bodies had prospered during the former half of the present cent- ury; and after considerable time spent in negotiation they uni- ted in 1858, and assumed the name IJnited Presbyterian. The United Presbyterian Church now consists of nine Synods, one of which is on the Pacific coast ; 61 Presl^yteries, one of which is in ?Egypt and one in India. Two denominational colleges and several academies are sustained; also two theological seminaries in this country besides one in Egypt. Two foreign missionaries are maintained by this body, that of Egypt having been unusually successful. Two schools are sustained among the freedmen, and the home missions are extensive. This brief sum mary of the denomination may suffice. Since the union of 1858 the congregation has been known by the new name of United Presbyterian. In 1860, Rev. S. S. Ralston, D. D., became pastor; these relations have continued to the pres- ent time, 21 years, concord and unity having generally prevailed ; and a good measure of success. Encouraging accessions have been realized every year; and the congregation would have become (juite large, could the people have been retained; but emigration has depleted its strength. 1110 HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. Many went West in searcli ot" cheap lands. The present member- ship is about 120. The ciinreh edifice was originally 32 x 40 feet ; to which an ad- dition of 20 feet was made to the west end in 1866. Monthly collections are taken in the congregation, and weekly collections in the Sabbath-school, manifesting a commendable lib- erality in sustaining the boards of the church. Also a ladies' missionary societ}' has been opsrating for over 20 years, whose annual contributions have ranged from about $50 to $100. The session now consists of Elders Thomas McConnell , James Long, J. 0. Jamieson METHODIST CH0KCH. BY R. W. COATES. Methodism has ever been on the march, with the great motto : "The field is the world, and the world my parish." It has been an important factor in the growth of the country, and as far back as the memory of the oldest citizen there are interesting reminis- censes of Methodist preachers, and their methods of religious work. The church records were imperfectly kept in the earlier days, hence the value of memory in the old settlers' filling the blanks, whiL-h occur in the records. The first mention of the M. E. church in Iowa was in 1835. Two years later it was intro- duced into this vicinity, then a Territory. The first Methodist preacher in Le Claire (before it was called Le Claire) was Rev. Mr. Hobert. The first organization of the church here was in 1839, with Rev. Mr. Ilolman pastor, and ever since it has had a regular pastor or supply, and in many respects, for over 40 years, has passed a useful career. Much of valuable history of tlie growth of Scott Count v is connected with tliis church, its mem- bers and ministers. We give below the names of the ministers who have served the church as pastors since 1839 : Rev. Ilolman, Joel B. Taylor, Rev. Simjjson, Rev. Burris, Sidney Wood, Joseph Maxon, Solomon Ingham; J. C. Smith, from 1852 '3; D. N. Holms, 1854-'5; S. C. Freer, 1856.'7; E. C. Wortz, 1858-'9; Rev. Faulk- ner, 1860; Bio. Guyberson, 1861; Andrew, appointed pastor 1862; Rev. Mr. Henderson 1863-'4; Emory Miller, lS65-'6; Rev. Bro. Catlin, 1867; Elias Van Sandt (a supply), 1868; Landen Taylor, 1869; L. S. Kiagle, 1871-'2; J. F. Baker, 1872,-'4; E. G. Waite, 1875-'6; J. F. Wilcox, 1877-'8; W. O. Glassner, 1879; R. W. Coates, 1880-'81. The foUnwiiig have served as presiding elders : H. W. Reed, B. Weed, J. Bowman, Andrew Coleman, J. C. Ayres, A. J. Kynett, R. W. Keeler, Emory Miller, S. Anderson, W. Frank Paxton and W. Lease. 'M.J'^^^^-^^ LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1113 SOCIETIES. Snow Lodge, No. 44, A. t. c& A. J/., Le Claire. — Tliis lodge was instituted Jan. 4, 1854, under dispensation from tlie Grand Master of Iowa. Tiio ])etitioners were ,T. C Brotton, Horatio J. Earner, TIenry Saddonus, J. C Smith, T. J. Calloway and Wm. C. Evans. The first regular meeting was hehi Jan. 24, 1854, J. C. Brotton, W. M.. ])residing. At the meeting on M irch 10, Ancil Humphreys, Gran 1 Mister of Iowa, was jiresent and pre- sided. At this meeting A. H. Davenport, James Gamble and Wm. H. llewitt were made Master Masons. At the meeting of the Grand Lodge of Iowa, June 8, 1854, at Mount Pleasant, a charter was granted, and the lodge named "Snow Lodge, No. 44." J. C. Brotton, W. M.; H. G. Earner, S. W. and Ily. Saddonus, J. W. From that time forward the lodge has maintained its organization and held regular monthly meetings. Its presiding officers have been : J. C. Brotton, James Gamble, Carlos C. Applegate, Wm. C. Evans, Charles Kelley, Tho. H. L. Lee, George L. Bolton and J. VV. Rambo. In 1875 they purchased the ground and building on Main street, in which their hall is located. It is vahud at $3,000 and free of all incumbrance. Their present membership is 48. Howard Lodge, No. 55, ^4. 0. U. W., was organized March, 1876, with the following named charter members : M. B. Harris, William G. Scott, Thonns James, G. L. Hiinfingfon, J. N. Cox, J. H. Edwards, T. J. Dodds, John Elliott, M. V. Ilolsapp, Will- iam Suiter, J. W. Rambo, R. A. Edwards, Andrew Stone and Geo. Stacv. The first officers were : M. B. Harris, M. W.; William G. Scott, M. W.; Thomas James J. F.; G. L. Hunting- ton, 0.-,J. X. Co.x, R.; J. H. Edwards, F.; T. J. Dodds, R. fi. C: John Elliott, Guide; M. V. Ilolsapp. W.; AVilliam Suiter, J. W. Rambo, R. A. Edwards, Trustees. The lodge has always been, and is now, in a flourishing condition, its merabeivhip con- stantly increasing, until it now immbers 74 in good standing-, and has §900 in the treasury. Meetings are held every Satui'day evening. The followina: nauicd are the offit-ers the fir-^t term in 1882: E. Fowler, P. :\I. W. ; A. M. Smith, M. AV.; William A. Davenport. G. F.; R. 8. Hileman, O.; J. V. Pollock, R.; G. L. Huntington, F. ; James H. Davenport, R. ; Hugo Lumbard, Guide; F. A. Edwards, L W.; J. Stocker, 0. W. LE CLAIKE LODGE, NO. 38, I. O. O. F. BY DR. JAMES 0.\MBLE. A lodge of I. O. O. F. was organized in Le Claire in lSn2-'3, and for several years was in a flourishing condition. The late A. II. Davenport and Dr. Jas. Gambh' were among its first presiding officers. When in its palmiest days there were 80 members en- rolled. For several years previous to the war of the Rebellion 64 1114 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Le Claire shared in the universal business depression of the coun- try, to a great degree. The members of the lodge were mostly yoLing business men or mechanics, and were obliged to seek other fields for the exercise of their business or industrial faculties, so that tlie members gradually became so reduced that the charter was finally surrendered to the Grand Lodge in 1859. BIOGEAPHICAL. i?icA'f?Y7 5'trt/, hotel keep3r, Le Claire, was born in Blair Co., Pa., June 5, 1S19, son of Richard and Elizabeth (D.inlap) Bard, who were married in Franklin Co., Pa., June 3, 1806. There was a family of nine children, si.x sons and three daughters; four are now living, viz. : William, Harrison, Catherine and Ricliard. Tiiose who are dead are James, David, Mary, Elizabeth and John. In 18-14 Mr. Richard Bard left his home in Pennsylvania and came to Iowa, locating in Scott County, where he entered 120 acres of land, paying Government prices. Coming to the county in limited circumstances, by hard work accumulated a good property and home. He died" Jan. 16, 1859. Mrs. Bard died Feb. 12, 1866. The subject of this sketch married Miss Phoebe Livingston, July 8, 1858, a daughter of Hugh and Elizabeth Livingston, of Mercer Co., Pa., who came West in 1850, and are at present residents of Pottawattamie Co., Iowa. She was born in Mercer Co., Pa., May 17, 18-35. The fruits of this marriage are seven chil- dren, viz. : Elizabeth, Adalie, John L., Fannie L., Nettie P., Zelpha and Richard I. Mrs. Bard and two daughters are members of the Presbyterian church. They commenced their early married life on a farm, where they remained*for 22 years, when he moved to Le Claire, and embarked in the hotel business, which he has followed since. Has a farm of 80 acres, all under cultivation, valued at $50 per acre. Mr. Bard can remember when he first came to the county, of the people living in sod houses, log cabins, and prairie wolves, wild turkeys and deer were roving over the prairies. Dennis Barnes, Le Claire, Iowa, was boi-n in Essex Co., N. Y., Dec. 22, 1806, son of Elijah and Sally (Bogur). They were married in Massachusetts where two children were born — Laura and Lucy. Abnit 1796 he emigrated to Addison Co., Vt., where two more children were born— Benjamin and Thomp- son, where he remained about five years. He then removed to North Hudson, N. Y., where two children were born, Sally and Dennis, but shortly moved to Schroon Lake and was among the first settlers in that part of the country, where he re- mained until the breaking out of the war of 1812, when he enlisted and participated in the battle of PLattsburg. He then was ordered to Niagara where he was engagcii in the battles of Lundys Lane and Chippeway. His health failing he received a furlough to go home and got as far as Greenbush, went to the hospital, where he shortly after died, leaving a widow with a large LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1115 family ot small children in a new country, perfectly destitute. Mrs. Barne.-? being a woman of enterprise went to work and koi)t the family together. l<\)r her second husband she married Mr. Asa Seamans. She died in Schroon. When Dennis was 19 years old he left his home for Troy, N. Y., when he shipped aboard a sloop on the Hudson River two years, lie then shipped on a schotmer running between New York and Charleston, S. C. Tlien made a tri]) to the East Indies wlucli took him one year. In the fall ot 1S32 shipped for New Orleans, when he embarked in the steamboat business, which he followed for 11 years. In lS3ti married Emily Dauforth, of Cincinnati, 0. in 1842 came to Scott County, where he engaged in forming for five years. This being about the time of the gold fever in Calitbrnia was i)ersuiuled to sell out and go and seek his fortune. After making all the arrangements the man Cody, who was to accom])any him, gave up the notion, leaving Mr. Barnes in a condition so he could not go. He linally bought four lots in Le Claire, where lie has resided since. Mrs. Barnes died in Cincinnati, O., in 1859, leaving a family of three children, viz.: Albert, Joseph and Laura. lor his second wife married Jane Leonard, a widow of Geoi-ge Leonard. She died and he was again married, to Mrs. Mary A. Kambo, a widow of James Kambo, of Le Claire. J^eixlimoid Beckel, farmer and stock-raiser, Le Claire, was born in Baden. Germany, Dee. 17, 1817. In 1855 came to this country and landed in New Orleans, then came to Alden where he stopped a short time; trom there came to Le Claire where lie rented a farm for si.x years, and in I8ti0_settled on the place where he now lives. "Was married in Germany in 184:2 to Catherine Roth. She was born in 1S17. The fruit of this marriage was 12 children, viz.: Ferdinand, Charles, Mary, Mariah, Sophia, llellena, Josephine, Carlina, Ma.\, AVilhimine, Amelia and Herman. They are mem- bers of the Catholic church. Mr. Beckol owns 160 acres of land under a good state of cultivation, valued at !?50 per acre. Ferdi- nand was a soldier in the Union army. Second la. Vol. Inf ; served three years and was honorably discharged at the close of the war. Oeorge Birchird. retired farmer, was born in Middleton, Sus- quehatma Co., Pa., June 17, 1815, son of Jabez Birchard, who was born in New London, Conn., March 29, 1775, and Folly (Downer) Birchard, a native of Norwich, Conn., born April 22, 1776. They were married in Connecticut, Jan. 27, 1799. One year later they moved to Susquehanna Co.. Pa., where the follow- ing named children were born: Mary M., born Aug. 1, 1801; Jabez A., Aug. 22, 1804; Fannie, Dec. 2, 1806; Charles D., Sept. 27,1809. George, the subject of this sketch, was married Feb. 11, 1845, to Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Stockwell, ot Clark Co., Ind. She was born July 15, 1819. Their married life has been blessed with five cliildren, three living — Charles E. (born Nov. 23, 1845; married Laura M. Edwards, Sept. 9, 1874; they have two children — George R., and Edna), Martha J. (born Aug. 8, 1116 HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. 1849, married Orlando B. Grisswell, Jan. Si, 1S77; they have one child, Sydney), Henrietta (born April 21, 1S52, married Edfij^r Warner, Feb 11, 1875, and has three children — Gertrude, Lottie and Mattie). Mr. Jabez Birchard was a weaver, which occupation he followed until his removal to Pennsylvania in 1800. He then purchased land and engaged in farming. In 1847 he came to Iowa and located in Pleasant Yalley Township, where he remained until his death, which occurred Dec. 18, 1848. His wife died Nov. 22, 1830. Mr. George Birchard has been identified with Scott County for 40 years, and is one of those pioneers who can look with satisfaction on the result of their labors in bringing this county to its present prosperous condition. He owns a tine property and beautiful home as the reward of years of industry and toil. Oeorge M. Boyd, attorney at law, Le Claire, Iowa, was born in Allegheny Co., Pa., on the 7th of October, 1846, son of Robert H. and Pebecca (Mc Connell) Boyd. They were married in Alle- gheny Co., Pa . in 1844. B\' this union there were three children born in Pennsylvania — George, Jennie (now engaged in teaching in Colorado), J^oseph (a minister of the gospel and located at Long- inont, Col.). Mr. Boyd by occupation was a farmer. He came to Scott Co., Iowa, in 1857, and located in Le C.aire Town- ship, where two more children were born — Samuel E. and Mary E. In 1867 removed to Monmouth, 111., wht-re he still resi les. The subject of this sketch was raised on a farm and received a classical education. When 23 entered the ofhce of Judge Porter, of Mon- mouth, 111., where he remained ab nit a year and a half He then returned to Scott County, where he was engaged as the principal of the school at Princeton. In October, 1878, was admitted to the bar, and has prosecuted his profession since in Le Claire. Feb. 28, 1874. he married Flora L. Hale, a daughter .of H. L. Hale. She was born in New York, July, 1855. The fruit of this mar- riage is three children — Gertrude M., Robert H., Jr., and Mary E. C'lj^t. D. F. Darrence, Le Claire, was born in Rock Island Co., 111., Oct. 5, 1843, son of P.iscal and Betsy (Clark) Darrence; his father a native of Rhode Island, and motjier of Massachusetts. They were married in Rhode Island where three children were born — Delos, Du Boyce and Amy. In 1842 embarkeil on a steamer for New Orleans, and then came up the Mississip])i River, his father working his pas-age to Rock Island, where he followed farming. He afterward located at Le Claire where they both died. The captain wlien a boy worked at anything he could get to do. He went on the river first on a raft to pull an oar, and by working on barges and rafts he soon learned the rapids, and in 1864 had succeedeil so well he was licensed as a pilot, commencing at the time of the low water in 1864, the lowest ever known on the river. With liis long experience lie is conceded one of the most trusty pilots on the rapids, ami has made it a financial success. Is at present engaged in building a boat in company with Capt. Mc LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1117 Caften^ of Le Claire. Cii|)t. 'Dnrrance ha.'j a beautiful home in Le Claire, besidesa farm in Filliimre Co., Nel)., ot 320 acres, umler cultivation, valued at $15 per acre. Married Eliza Lancaster in 1SG7, a widow of Silas Lancaster (deceased). She was born in Indiana. By this marriage tliere were four children, two of whom are living, viz.: Irena aiidlleichel. Josip/i Coe, farmer and stock- raiser, postoffice, Le Claire, was born in Allegheny Co., Pa., on the 2d of November, 1820, son of Beiijaniin and Nancy (Shields) Coe. They were natives of Pennsylvania, and married there about 1814, where lo children were born, eight of whom lived to be adults, viz.: Rebecca, Mar- garet, Joseph, Benjamin, Eliza J., John, James, Sarah, Mary died in iiifanc^'.Mr. Coe was a farmer and stock-raiser and died in 1S73, in' Allegheny County. Mother died in 18ti2. The subject of this sketch was raised on a farm and received a limited educa- tion. When 20 years of age he left his father's home, came out and located in Scott Co., Iowa, in the year of 1816. The following sprins- he purchased 160 acres of wild land, and commenced to make a farm. In May, 1847, married Elizabeth Jack, a daughter ot James Jack, one of the early settlers of Scott County. She was born in Pennsylvania; she died in 1848. On Aug. 24, 1854, married Catherine Moyer, a daughter of John Moyer. The fruit of this marriage is four children, viz.: Benjamin F., Saiah J. (now the wife ot Mathew Wilson) John A. and Joseph C. In politics is a Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Coe are members ot the Presbyterian church. Mr. Coe came to the county in limited cir- cumstances, with $350 ready money, but by good management has accumulated a fine property and is one of the prosperous farmers of the county. He has 398 acres of land in Scott County, valued at $55 per acre; also has 400 acres of land in Jasper Co., la, valued at $40 per acre. James H. Davenport was born on Credit Island, Mfiy 4, 1838. Married Miss Sevilla Reynolds, a daughter ot Louis Reynolds, of Bloomington. Mr. and Mrs. Davenport have been blessed with five children, viz. ; Winfried, Harrison, Otho, Lewis, McCoy. In 1867 he engaged in the mercantile business and carries a full line of groceries, (jueen's-ware, wooden ware and everything usually' kept in a first-class store. W. A. Davenport, one of the enterjirising grocery men of Le Claire, and a son of one of the piimeers of Scott County, was born in Le Claire on the lOtli day of June, 1856. In April, 1878, married Miss Kate Henderson. She was born in Le Claire, Aug. Sth, 1861. By this union there were two children, both of whom died in in- fancy. Member of Howard Lodge, Xo. 55, A. O. U. W^, of Le Claire. Mr. D.ivenport carries a full line of groceries, crockery, hardware of $2,000. Captain Daniel F. DawJey, Postmaster, Le Claire, was born in Burlington Co., Vt., Aug. 3, 1811. He was a son of Daniel and Hannah (Vary) Dawley, the former a native of Berkshire Co., 1118 HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. Mass., born June 29, 1771; the latter of Eensselaer Co., N. Y., born in 1780 or '81. They were married in 1801, and were the parents of nine children. In 1818 Daniel Dawley, Sr. , moved to Otsego'.Co., N. Y., near Cooperstown, where he engaged in farm- ing. Mrs Hannah Dawley died in Vermont in April, 1815, and Mr. Dawley married Mary Brimmer, of German descent; by this union there were two children. Mr. Dawley, Sr., died Oct. 15, 1831. When the subject of this record was 16 years of age he was em- ployed in a wiiolesale grocery store in Troy, N. Y., where he re- mained four years. Then went to New York City and kept books ' for three years. His health failing he was advised to go West. In December, 1831, started for St. Louis by boat, canal and stage; mak- ing the trip in 15 days. He landed in St. Louis on Christmas day. He went to Jacksonville, 111., where he purchased a horse and rode to New York City. The trip proved very beneficial as he gained 45 pounds. The summer following he returned to Illinois and engaged in tiie mercantile business in Schuyler County for two years. He tiien sold his interest and was employed as clerk of the steamer "Hero," and followed the river for 38 years, in the capacity of clerk and captain, doing business on nearly every navigable river in the West and South. In 1811 he married Sabina, daughter of Robert Carlton, a native of Maine, where she was born, Jan. 24, 1822. Tliey had nine children, of whom Daniel C, Albert L., Arthur H., Henrietta A., S. Larma, Ganion B. and Gertrude W. are living. In the spring of 1881 Capt. Dawley was appointed postmaster of Le Claire. Capt. L. A. Day, Le Claire, was born in Portage Co., Ohio, on the6thday of September, 1837,- son of AlvaO. and Minerva (Higby) Day. They wei'e married Dec. 25, 1821. Qy this union there were three children. In 1854 his parents emigrated to Wisconsin, and located in Winnebago County, where they followed farming, and remained there until 1866, when they removed to Dodge Co., Minn., where tliey still reside. The Captain, when 16 years of age, commenced river life, and for the last 15 years had charge of a boat, principally running between St. L(^uis and Stillwater, Minn. In 1861 enlisted in the three months' service. At the expiration of this term of service, he rc-enlisted in the First Wis- consin Cavalry, and was discharged before the regiment left the State, on account of disability. He again enlisted in the Fifth Wis. Infantry, Co. K, and participated in the battles of Win- chester, Cedar Creek, and saw Gen. Sheridan the morning he came in on his 20-mile lide; also was at surrender of Gen. Lee, and the grand march to Washington and grand review. Was mustered out at Washington, and discharged at Madison. Wis. In February, 1863, married Matilda Noble, a daughter of W. A. Noble, of Wisconsin. She was born in Walworth Co., Wis., in 1844. She died July, 1863. He again married. Miss Sarah Mc- Intyre, in 1865. She was born in" Madison Co., Ohio, June, 1837. By this union there were five children, four of whom are living — '■ LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1119 Alva O., Lewis A., George and Alice. Emma died June, 1881. The Captain is a member of the Masonic f'raternitj', and a member of the A. O. U. W., of Le Claire, and Rodman's Council, No. 580, R. A., Molinc, 111. J. A. De Armond^ 31. D., Le Claire, Iowa. Among the voung practicing physicians of Scott Co., la., is Dr. J. A. Dc Armond, a self-made man, who, by his own exertions, has secured a position in the noble and iuunane calling he has chosen, such as justly to entitle him to great praise, and at the same time his position serves as an e.>;ample for young men who are not the possessors of wealth, but who do desire to make for themselves a name among men of professional worth. The Docttir was born in Blair Co., Pa., on the 7th day of March, 1852; is the son of James D. and Catherine (Al- bangh) De Armond, who are natives of Jr'ennsylvania, where they were married and si.x; children were born, four of whom are now living — -David A., now an attorney at law of Dade Co., Mo., and at present a member of the State Legislature; James M., princi])al of Grammar School No. 5, Daven])ort; Wm. W., a law student ot Iowa City. In 1S66 Mr. De Armond left Pennsylvania, and with his family emigrated to Scott Co., where he stopped a short time in Pleasant Valley, and the following year removed to Davenport, where he resided until 1874, when he again removed to Dade Co., Mo., where he at present resides. After coming to Davenport, the Doctor attended the common schools for a few years, when he en- tered the High School. During the two years previous to gradu- ating therefrom,' the Doctor, being short of means, was compelled to teach night school in order to purchase books and defray other exjienses connected with his schooling. In June, 1872, he gradu- ated from the High School, being valedictorian of his class. After graduation he entered the office ot Drs. French and Grant, remain- ing with them for two years, and in the meantime taught school to pay for his collegiate course, which he entered upon in 1S74 at Philadelphia, in the medical department of the L^niversity of Pennsylvania, where he graduated witii honors in 1S76. The Doc- tor then returned to Scott County, and immediately commenced his profession at Le Claire, Iowa, where lie has remained since. The Doctor is still a comparatively 3'oung man, with a reputation for all the good (jnalities of a thorough ])li3'sician. From the be- ginning of his professional career he has met with Hattering success in the treatment of all diseases, and enjoys a reputation not com- mon for one of his years as a successful practitioner of medicine. In the Doctor's life, young men can find much to emulate with advantage. By his own unaided exertions he schooled himself, and while pursuing his professional study he practiced the strictest economy, and was thereby able, by teaching school, to pay his way through college and procure needed books. A large and increasing practice has rewarded the Doctor's labors. In August, 1878, he was married to Miss Alice M. Doughty, daughter of Thomas and Mary Doughty, of .Le Claire. She was born April 5, 1859. By 1120 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. this union there was one child, Louis Grant, born in Le Claire, March 14, 1880. The Doctor is a member of the A. O. U. W., and has been medical examiner for the order in Le Claire since its organization. lie is also a medical examiner for the U. O. A. T., an insurance order havins^ a large membership in Le Claire. Charles P. Di.sney. coal dealer and steamboat agent, Le Claire, Iowa, was born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, Feb. 8, 1824, son ot Mordecai and Sarah (Tudor) Disney, natives of Baltimore, Md., where they were married and three children were born — Mariah, Elizabeth, and one died in intancy. In 1818 he left his home in Maryland, coming with teams acrofs Pennsylvania to Pittsburg, and not being able to get transportation by steamboat, he, in com- pany with another man, built a flat-boat, and emljarked their fami- lies and made for Cincinnati, Ohio, landing in the fall. "Was by trade a painter, but was employed, shortly after landing, in a wholesale paint store. Four more children were added to the i'amily, Edward, Charles, Alice, Clarence. In 1841 came to Iowa to look up a home, and being favorably impressed with the location around Davenport and vicinity, returned to Cincinnati, and the following year, in company with his family, came to Scott County, locating in Davenport, where he remained until 1843, when he purchased land in Le Claire Township, where he moved and opened up a farm, remaining on the same until 1851, when he sold out and moved to Le Claire, where he died in 1863, his mother died in 1866. The subject of this sketch came to the State when he was 18 years old where he took up the carpenter's" trade, and made the window frames for the tirst Methodist Espicopal church that was built in Davenport, and was at work for L. J. Center, a car- E enter and contractor. A young man by the name of Ewing and is brother Edward gave two days work laying brick, and when six o'clock came they quit, and a man by the name of Shaw asked them where they were going, and they said they were going home. Thus started the ten-hour system in Davenport with the brick- layers. He came to Le Claire Township with his father, and worked on a farm until he came to Le Claire, when, in company with W. F. Gault, built a cabinet shop, and embarked in cabinet business, which he followed until 1854, when he embai'ked in the mercantile business, as the firm of Disney & Stonebraker, and continued until 1860, when he sold his interest to W. H. Hewitt, and embarked in the livery business; in the meantime was employed by the steamboat line, which position he has held since. In 1854 married Elizabeth "Wilson. She was born in But- ler Co., Ohio, June, 1835. There were two children — one dying young and Charles "W. Mr. Disney has held several local ofiices of trust in the township. Held ithe office of mayor for seven years. T. J. Dodds, Lg Claire, Iowa, was born in Butler Co.. Pa., May 4, 1830, son of Jani'^s Dodds, who was born in 1 7i»6, and Elenore Sproll in 1803. They were married in Butler County, in LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1121 1819, where a family of 14 children were born. Mr. James Dodds in early life was a farmer, and in alter years engaged in the tanninfr business, which he followed until his death, which oc- curred in 1855. Mother still living at the advanced age of 78 years. The subject of this sketch commenced his trade when li years of age, which he has virtually followed since. In the year 1860 he took a trip to the Rockies, where he spent one year pros- pecting, and partly for Ids health. In 1857 marjied Sarah Van- aken, of Erie, Pa., where she was born in 1830. By this union there were twochihlren — W. V. A. Dodds (who is taking ascientilic course in Agricultural College at Anie?, Iowa) W. V. A. I am pleased to mention in this sketch as an intelligent, indus- trious boy, who, by his own exertions jiaid his college expenses, by teaching through vacations, never receiving a dollar from any source, anil Ilattie, who died when seven years old. Mrs. Elonore died in xipril, IStio. June 10,1867, Mr. Dodds married Almira Graham. She was born in Butler Co., Pa., in 1830. By this marriage there were four children, three of wiioin are now living — Harry J., Lola B., and Aggie. Mr. Dodds is a member of the Masonic Snow Lodge, No. 44, having joined the lodge in 1860, and carries a jiolicy in the Mutual Aid Association of Iowa; and also a ineinber of the A. O. U. W.. in \vhich he carries a policy of $2,000. Mrs. Dodds also is carrying a policy of $1,000 in the Mutual Aid Association, of which she is a.charter member. Ja?ties Dtdin, a. retired farmer and one of the early settlers of Scott County, was born in Loudoun Co., Va., Sept. 14, 1812, son of John and Rebecca Dulin, wiio were married in Loudoun County, where a family ut' six children were born, four sons and two daughters, all of whom have passed away with the exception of James. Mr. Dulin died wliea James was 14 years old, and was left with nothing but a good constitution. He engaged on a turn- pike driving cart, and afterward was employed by Stogden & Stokes in tlie stage business, driving in the Allegheny Mountains, between Ft. Cumberland, AVheeling and Washington. In 1833 he went to Columbus, Ohio, where he remained a short time, then to Cincin- nati, Ohio, where he remained five or six years. March 17, 1838, married Elmira Danforth, a daughter of Simeon Danforth, of New England, who emigrated to Hamilton Co., Ohio, in 1817. By this union there were 11 children. In the spring of 1S43 he left Cincin- nati, Ohio, for Scott County, coming by water to Keokuk, where they found the ice, and from there by team. Being in the spring the roads were very rougli. Mrs. Dulin got so tired riding over the rough roads, would lay her boy baby in the feed box and walk behind the wagon. After a hard journey landed in Lo Claire Township, where Widow Carpenter now resides. Sold out soon after and purchased land on section 18. Their first cabin was a rude structure made out of sols covered with broad boards, wiiich would warp up after a rain, leaving large cracks. At one time Phillip Suiter came to his cabin in a storm, and Mr. Dulin placed him under a broad 1122 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. board. Mr. Diilincame to the county empty-handed, but with a strong arm went manfully to work to develop his farm, and by judicious management accumulated a competency, and to-day is liv- ing at ease on his hard-earned gains. Mr. Dulin has been identi- fied with the county for nearly iO years, and has seen its many changes. t/atnes Ga?}ihJe, M. D., Le Claire, was born near Londonderry, Ireland, March 6, 1821. His parents emigrated to the United States when he was a mere child, and settled near Wilmington, Del., where they remained until 1836, when they removed to Pittsburgh, Pa. An older brother being engaged in the printing business, James and a younger brother. Dr. Thos. D. Gamble, were early initi- ated into the m3'steries of that art. In the spring of ISiO he re- moved to Warsaw, III., and in connection with the Hon. T. C. Sharp, published the Warsaw Signal. The paper was an ardent supporter of Gen. Harrison and the Whig principles of that ex- citing campaign, though being under age he could not vote at the October election of that year. When the Mormon troubles began in Hancock County he sold iiis interest in the Signd to his part- ner, and removed to New Orleans, where he commenced the study of medicine under the direction of the celebrated Dr. Warren Stone. In 1814- he came to St. Louis and entered the office of the late Prof. Joseph N. M'Dowell, where he remained until his graduation in 184:7, in the medical department of the Missouri University. In July of that year he came to Le Claire, and at once entered upon the practice of his chosen profession, in the active duties of which he is still engaged. Dr. Gamble is a member of the American Medical Association, and of the Iowa Medical Society, of which he was treasurer in 1857, and president in 1870. He is also one of the oldest members of the Scott County Medical Society, having united with it in 1857. He is by many years the oldest practicing physician in Scott County. In 1862 he served as assistant surgeon in the Third Regiment of Iowa Volunteer Infantry in Tennessee and Mississippi. Dr. Gam- ble has held many public offices in Le Claire, and is at present president of the School Board; is noted for liberality and the inter- est he has ever taken in promoting the cause of education, as well as many other public enterprises. In July, 181:8, he was married at Springfield, 111., to Eliza, daughter of Robert Goudy, Esq. George L. Gast, one ot the enterprising farmers of Scott Co., la., was born in Huntingdon County, now Blair Co., Pa., son of George and Susan (Leamer) Gast, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. They were married in Huntingdon County in 1820, To them was born a tamily of 12 children, 10 of whom lived to be adults, nine of whom are now living, viz.: Henry C, George L., John L., William. Samuel, Jane (now the wife of James Clark), Sarah (wife of Michael Shriek), Margaret, Polly (wife of John C. Leamer, deceased), Matilda (wife of C. B.Jones). Mr. Gast was a former by occupation. He left his home in Pennsylvania, and LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1123 with his I'ainilj emigrated to Scott County, where he purcliased wild, unbroken prairie lands, and opened up a farm, where he re- mained until 1S6S, when he removed to Le Claire, where he re- mained until his death, which occurred March 27, 1872. Mr. Gast died Jan. 19, 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Gast were lite long members of the Lutheran cliurch, and were among the original members ot the Salem Lutheran cliurcli of Princeton. In politics was an old-line Whig, and at the time of the organization of the Repul)lican party joined them, and affiUiated with them up to the time of his death. Tiie subject of this memoir was reared on a farm and received a common-school education. He married Mary Clark, a daughter of J. W. Clark, of Pennsylvania, who came to the county in 1855. Mr. and Mrs. Gast iiave been blessed with four children, three of whom are living, viz.: Eila J. (now Mrs. William Hayes), Sarah A., James W. (deceased), and George C. Mr. Gast up to a few years has been extensively engaged in fanning and stock-raising, but of late has turned his attention to bee and fish-culture. WiUiii'in S. Glass, farmer, section 13, Le Claire Township; was born in Cambria Co.. Pa., May IS, 1810. His ]«irents were William and Martha (Smith) Glass; tiiey were members of the Catholic church. William, the subject of this sketch, was the only child. When ho was some three years of age he went to live with his uncle on a farm, wiiere he remained until he was 19, when he worked at the wagon-maker's trade at Watersburg. Pa., eight years; he then worked at Pleasant Valley, Pa., 12 years, when he came to Daveniwrt, Liwa, and soon after began faiining in Pleasant Valley Township. One year after he purciiased his present farm in Le Claire Township, where he has since remained. Mr. Glass married Miss Mary Glass, Dee. 3, 1835, she was born in Pennsylvania; her parents were James and Annie (Krampton) Glass. Mr. and Mrs. William S. Glass have had nine children, six living, viz.: Minerva; wife of William L. Scott; James, who married Miss Julia Shiminel, Mary, wife of Richard Thompson; Maria, wife of William Metteu, and Jliss Hazeltine and iS^ancy residing on the old homestead with their parents. Mr. Glass owns 160 acres of land on section 13, Le Claire Township, where he and family reside. He is one of the enterprising representative men and farmers of Scott C.ainty. David Hawthorn, LeClaire, la., was born in Concord Co., N. H., Jan. 13, 1795, a son of Peter and Tamison (Cornor) Hawthorn, natives of New Hampshire, who emigrated to Rutland Co., Vt., in 1795. In 1816 Peter Hawthorn removed t^ Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, where he conducted a hotel until his death. The subject of this sketch mar- ried Annis Eddy, a native of Rhode Island. Her grandfather, Peter Eddy, moved to Rutland Co.,A't., at the timeof the Revolutionary war, but was shortly after driven off by the Indians. Mrs. Hawthorn was born Oct. 13, 1797. The fruit of this marriage was 11 children, six of whom are living — Temperance (now the wife ot Ebenezer Scofield. deceased), John, Willis A., Wales, Robert B. Joseph M. after marrying moved to Cincinnati, Ohio; from thence 1124 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. to Cliataiiqua Co., N. Y., where he followed farming and re- mained 15 years. Thence to Erie Co., Pa., where he lived until 1850, when they removed to Kendall Co., 111.; remained there until 1856 when they came to Scott County, where they have re- sided since. Mr. and Mrs. Hawthorn are the oldest married couple in the county, if not in the State, having lived together nearly 63 years as man and wife, and are both hale and healthy and good for many years. Mrs. Hawthorn has done her own house work for a family of three; besides that, in the last 10 years has woven 5,000 yards of carpet. Mr. Hawthorn is 86 and Mrs. Hawthorn 81 years old. In politics was an old-line Deini)crat and gave his first vote for Jackson. Samuel G. Hopkins w&s, born in Huntingdon (now Blair) Co., Pa. July 9, 1821. He was a son of James and Mary (Turner) Hopkins, natives of Pennsylvania and of Scotch and Irish descent. They were married in Clearfield Co., Pa., Feb. 22, 1820. By this union there were five children, two living — Samuel G. and Miles S. James Hopkins died in Pennsylvania Nov. 10, 1828. Mrs. Hop- kins married James Long, March 9, 1813. She died Aug. 12, 1876. Samuel G. Hopkins was apprenticed to the tinner's trade when 17 years old. He went to Philadelphia when he was 22 years old and worked at his trade there a short time, then engaged in building railroads in Maryland. He worked at his trade in Wheeling, Va., a few months then embarked in the river traffic. Pie run between Cincinnati and JNew Orleans. Having a shop on board his boat he manufactured tinware and dealt in produce. Subsequently pur- chased a canal boat, which he run between Pittsburgh and Pliila- delphia for two years, dealing in produce, whisky, etc. In 1819 he came to Scott County. In March, 1850, in company with a party of men he started for California with four ox teams, making the journey in 165 days. They arrived at their destination with one ox and an Indian pony, having lost the remainder of their oxen on the Big Desert. They were then compelled to burn their wagons and plunder, with the exception of what they could load on to tlieir remaining ox and pony. Their provisions gave out and for seven days they sulisistcd on a little flour which they bought of the Mor- mons. Their first two years in mining were unsuccessful, but the third year they cleared $20 a day, Mr. Hopkins then returned to Scott County and purchased the farm wliere he now resides. His mar- riage with Harriet Young occurred Oct. 10, 1851. She is a native of Blair Co., Pa., born in August, 1829. Of their lamily of seven children six are living, Thaddeus, James, William, Harr3', Luetta and Mabel. In 1880 Mr. Hopkins again engaged in mining and has made several claims which promise richly for the future. He has lield several local offices of trust in the gifts of the people. He owns 205 acres of land, which is worth $75 an acre. Has a fine orchard and raises a variety of small fruits. Thomas Hopson, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Le Claire Township, on the place where he now resides, Feb. 22, 1816, son LE CLAIRE TOWNSUIl'. 1125 of William and Rosetta (Hubbard) Ilopson. Father a native ot Kentucky, and mother, of Indiana. They were married in Wis- consin. By this union there were nine ciiildren, seven of whom are living— George L., Mary A., Willis, AVin. H., Alonzo, Madi- son and Tiiomas. Mr. IIf)pson came to Iowa and located on the place where the subject of this sketch now resides, made a farm where he resided until he died, in 1868; mother still liv- ing in Princeton, Scott Co., la. Mr. Ilopson owned 335 acres of land and was one of the well-to-do farmers of the county. In 1877 Mr. Thomas IIo])son married Mary Van Aken, a daughter of Benjamin and liebecca Van Aken; father of Pennsylvania and mother of Indiana. She was born in Le Claire Township, Jan. 23, 1861. The fruit of this marriage is two children — ^Clara, born Apr. 2, 1879; William Harr^-, born Aug. 7, 1881. In politics lie is a Democrat; has 135 acres of land, valued at $50 per acre. Mr. Ilopson has been identified with the county all his life, and has seen its many changes. Samuel Ilubhdl, farmer, Le Claire, was born near Cincinnati, O., Aug. 2, 1809, son of Daniel and Cbristianna (Miller) Hnbbell. Father a native of New Jersey and mother of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Ilubbell were married in Ohio. To them nine children were born, four living — Thomas, Catharine, Susan and Samuel; Mr. Hubbell died in Illinois. The subject of this sketch when 16 years of age learned the ship carpenter's trade, which he followed for 20 years, on the lakes. In ISIO he married Ann Moore, a daughter of John and Mary (Picking) Moore. She was born in York Co., Pa., Oct. 6, 1813. The fruit of this mar- riage was one child — Agnes, now the wife of Jacob Garlow, and resides in Princeton Township, Scott Co., la. In 1846 Mr. Hub- bell emigrated to Jackson Co., la., where he purchased a farm and followed farming. At that time there were plenty of deer, wolves, turkeys and all kinds of wild game. They moved into a log cabin, covered with clapboards, 16 x 20, with a mud and stick chimney of the rudest kind. In 1864 he sold his place and pur- chased a farm in Le Claire Township, where he has resided since. In politics he was an old-line Wliig, and at the time of the organization ot the Republican ])arty he joined them, and has affiliated with them since. He has a line farm on the shore of the Mississippi under a liigh state of cultivation. Richard Unlet, retired farmer, was born in Grand Isle, Vt., Oct. 31, 1818, son of Benjamin and Robey (Peters) Unlet. Father born Feb. 27, 1788; mother born May 12, 1785. They were mar- ried about ISlrt, and had eight childi'en. Benjamin Ilulet, Sr. , was in the war of 1S12 and participated in all the engagements on Lake Champlain, and while in the arm}' met his father, not know- ing that he was in the service. In 185-1: he came to Iowa, where his mother died; father died in Joliet, 111. The subject of this sketch, when 1-1 years of aire, left his home in West Port, N. Y., and went to Addison Co., Vt., where he lived for two years, then 1126 HISTOET OF SCOTT COrNTT. returned to West Port and remained until lie was 21 years of age. He then worked on a farm and in a saw-mill for three years, and in the fall of 1843, having heard much of the broad prairies of Iowa, and being advised by his employer, he left Northern New York, in company with Hiram Stacy and Myrou Stone, for Iowa. Coming to the country in limited circumstances he worked by the day and month for a couple of years. In 18i5 went to Black River, Wis., and built a mill and remained one year, when he sold his interest and commenced trafficking on the river, which he followed until 1852, when he commenced to open up a farm. In 1851 he married Delia Ann Stone, a daughter of Henry and Abigail Stone. She was born in West Port, N.^Y., Apr. 30, 1822. There were three children born, viz.: Eva (now the wife of Francis Lambach), Frank and Richard G. Mr. Hulet has a farm of 200 acres under cultivation, valued at $75 per acre. He enlisted Aug. 25, 1862, in the 20th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, Company K, and served nearly three years. He participated in the battle of Prairie Grove and siege of Vicksburg, where he was wounded in the leg with a minie ball. After the capture of Vicksburg he was sent to Memphis and laid in the hospital 22 months, when he was discharged May 25, 1865. Robert Hunter, farmer and stock-raiser, Le Claire Township, was born in alitilin Co., Pa., March 28, 1818, son of John and Mar}' Hunter, of Irish descent. They were married in Ireland and imme- diately started for the United States, landing in Philadelphia, and thence to Mifflin County where there was a family of eight children born. In afterlife his parents moved to Allegheny County, where they died. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received his education at a subscription school. When 27 years of age he married Eliza Jane Coe, a daughter of Benjamin Coe, of Allegheny Co., Pa., where she was born Feb. 15, 1825. The fruit of this marriage was nine children, eight living — Joseph, a practicing physician of Dubuque, Iowa; Luretta J., now the wife of Augustus Culburtsen; Mary A., now the wife of Harvey Robinson; Sarah, now Mrs. James White; Margaret E. ; Eliza Bell; Adie M., whc died in infancy, John A. L. and Robert S. In 1854 he left his home in Penn- sylvania and came to Iowa and located in Le Claire Township, upon the place where he now resides. He purchased 160 acres of land, 40 acres of which were partially improved and had a small log house on it, in which they lived the first year; a large and com- modious dwelling-house has taken its place. Mr. Hunter has 209 acres of land, ISO under a high state of cultivation, the whole of which is valued at $50 per acre; has also 215 acres of land in Boone Co., Iowa, valued at $50 per acre. In politics was an old-line Whig, and at the time of the organization of the R-jpublican party he joined them and has affiliated with them since. Mr. and Mrs. Hunter are members of the Old School Presbyterian cliurch. Andrew Jack was born in Allegheny Co., Pa., Dec. 30, 1827. His parents were James and Eliza (Crawford) Jack, natives of the LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1127 KeN'stone State, where they were married July 3, 1S23. Tliey had seven children. In 183S James Jack made a tour through the West comini^ by river to St. Louis, where he purchased a pair of ponies and drove to Scott County. He bought a claim here, paying §600 and giving iiis ponies in part payment. He returned to his home in Pennsylvania on foot, traveling some days 50 miles a day. The following year he brought his family to Scott County, arriving here on the 10th day of April. Being in limited circumstances he was forced to hire money to pay for his land, paying an interest of 50 per cent. In ls4!i he came to Le Claire Townshiji, and embarked in the mercantile business, in corajiany with Rogers »i: Daven- port, which continued until lSo2; subsequently removed to Le Claire, where he resided until his death, Sept. 20, 1871. His wife followed him Jan. 10, 1S77. The subject of this memoir was mar- ried in January. 1851, to Martha Jemison, a native of Westmoreland Co., Pa., born Jan. 28, 1829; her parents were William and ilartlia Jemison. Mr. and Mrs. Jack, had one child, John C, born March 4, 1852, and died Jan. 23, 1S73. Mr. Jack owns 205 acres of land, 160 under good cultivation, and estimates its value at $60 an acre. Tfiomas Jamcx, retired farmer, was born in South Wales, son of John and Mary (Davis) James, who emigrated to the United States and located in Ohio. In 1835 Thomas came to Ohio and was ap- prenticed to the tailor's trade and remained here a couple of years. In 1S14 went to Missouri. In 1815 went to Dubuque, Iowa, and in the spring of 1816 enlisted in the Mexican war, in what was known as Maj. Clark's Flying Artillery, their first rendezvous being at Leavenworth. He first enlisted in the Missouri Militia, but was after- ward transferred to the Government service; was at the insurrection in New Mexico at the time Gov. Chas. Bent was killed; from there went to Lanbooth hauling their artillery across the mountains in the snow by hand; participated in two engagements at L'^as Yalle\' under Gen. Sterling Price; from there he went to Luntan Tonce, where the wife of Kit Carson lived, and remained about five days; he afterward returned to Santa Fe and went into camp. From there was sent to the lied River country to fight the Indians. In 1847 was discharged and returned to St. Louis, thence to Ohio, aad from tliere he went to the pineries of Wisconsin, where he was engaged for five years, when he came to Princeton, Scott Co., improved a farm and purchased other land. In 1851 married Elizabeth Beers, a daughter of Peter Beers, a native of Ohio, who emigrated to Iowa in 1841, and located in Des Moines County, where they remained until 1851. ^Irs. Boers died in Burlington while Mr. Beers was in California. lie returned in 1856 and settled in Decatur Co., la., where he is still living. Mrs. James was born in Richmond, Wayne Co., lud. By this marriage there wore four children, three of whom are living — Florence, Fannie J., Albertine. Mr. James has always taken an interest in the public schools, and has man- fully worked for the support of the same. He was a director for about 20 years. 1128 HISTOEY OF SCOTT OOrNTT. TJsher M. Kehey, farmer, was born in Pittsburg, Pa., in the year 1834, son of William J. and Isabell (Burns) Kelsey, natives of Ireland, where they were married, and imme- diately started for the United States and located in Pennsyl- vania, where five children were born, viz.: James, John, Henry, Mary, Harriet. In 1843 he emigrated to Iowa, and settled in Le Claire Township. He traveled on foot to Dubuque, to enter his land. Mr. Kelsey came to the county a poor man, only having $100 in cash, with which he bought his 80 acres; but by hard work, he accumulated a fine property, owning, at the time of his death, 450 acres of land. In politics lie was a Democrat. He died Dec. 16, 1877. His mother died July 28, 1S70. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received a limited education. His first scliooling was in an old blacksmith shop, owned by James Jack. After his parents came to Iowa there were five children born — Elizabeth, WilliamD., and Jsme. Two died in infancy. Mr. Kelsey has 143 acres of land, valued at $50 per acre, $7,150; 40 acres of timber, $10 per acre, $1,600. Total, $S,750. In politics he is a strong Democrat, and has held several local ofKces of trust. In 1862 he enlisted in the Second Iowa Cavah-y, Company C, being a recruit. He joined the regiment at La Grange, Tenu., immediately after the second battle of Corinth, and was following Price to Cufieeville, Miss. He participated in all the engage- ments in the regiment up to the battle of Tupalo and Guntown. He was discharged at Salina, Ala., and also at Davenport. low^a, in October, 1865. Mr. Kelsey is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, and also of the A. O. LI. W. Francis Lumbach was born in Prussia, near the River Rhine, Nov. 17, 1812. When 14 years of age he was apprenticed to the trade of hricklayer and mason, where he remained two years. In 1838 he left his native country and embarked on a sailing vessel f jr the United States, taking 75 days to make the voyage. He landed in Xew York about the middle of July. After remaining in New York a short time lie went to St. Louis, Mo., where he remained until 1839, when he boarded the steamer Des Moines and came to Port Bj-ron, where he crossed the river to Iowa. The town of Parkhurst being just commenced, and wishing to build up their new town, Capt. Eads and Mr. Parkhurst gave liiinself and brothei-s a lot, if thej' would put up a building. He and his brothers spent two winters working at their trade in Dubuque and Galena. In 1841, purchased land and commenced to open up a farm. In 1842 he built a small stone house, which bears the in- scription of A. D. 1842 over the door. In December of the same year he married Armelia McElyea. By this union there were eight children, four of whom are living, viz.: Helena (now tlie wife of William Hafkey), Matilda, Francis (who married Miss Eva Hulet i, and Louisa. Mr. Lambach runs his farm in connection with his trade, and has done the work on some of the substantial buildings of Davenport. He has 70 acres of land under a good state of cul- fF'ceo'f ^/&^;^ LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1131 tivation, valued at $75 per acre. Mrs. Lambach is a member of the Christian church of Le Claire. Jacob Long, fanner and stock-raiser, Le Claire, la., was born in Blair Co., Pa., Nov. 27, sm of Jacob and Magdaleiia I'acht. By this union there was a family of 11 children, eight of whotn are living, viz. : Peter, David J., Jacob, Martin, Susannah, Elizabeth, Margaret and Sarah. Mrs. Long died in 18-12 leaving a large family to niouru her loss. Mr. Long again married, Mrs. Mary Hopkins, a widow of James Hopkins. Mr. Long died April 29, 1S77. Mrs. Long died in Le Claire, July 22, 1S76, where Mr. Long first located after coining to the county in 1851. The sulrject of this sketch was reared on a farm and received a common -school education. When 15 years of age he learned the tradeof a carpenter and joiner which he followed until he came to Scott County. Dec. 20, 1854, married Elizaiieth Davidson. She was born in Blair Co., Pa., June 7, 1835. By this union there was a family of six children, viz. : William, born Jan. 28, 185(5; Edmund, born May 19, 1857; James E., born June 18, 1862; Mary Ann, born Aug. 17, 1870; Sarah M., born March 10, 1873; Aramelia, born Jan. 4, 1876. Mr. Long has loS acres of land under cultivation, valued at $65 per acre. In politics Mr. Long was an old-line Whig, but at the time of the organization of the Republican party joined them and has affiliated with them since. Rohert Lowrij, retired farmer, was l)orn in Huntingdon, now Blair Co., Pa., Jan. 12, 1827, son of Lazarus Lowry, wlio was born June 1, 1794, and Sidney Holiday, born Aug. 22, 1792. They were married in Huntingdon Co., Pa., where 10 children were born, three of whom are living — John 'IL, born April 17, 1817, of Le Claire; Robert, and Lazarus, Jr., born June 17, 1830, of Rock Island Co., III. Mr. Lowry by occupation was a farmer, which he fol- lowei] until the fall of 1850, when he emigrated to the West. He spent the first winter in Muscatine, then came to Le Claire, purchased a farm, where he remained until his death. Mother died in Le Claire. In politics he was an old-line Whig and at the time of the or- ganization of the Republican party joined them. They were mem- bers of the Presbyterian church and were staunch members and did much for the interest of the church. The subject of this sketch was raised on a farm and received a limited school edu- cation. Came to the county at the time of his parents and has followed farming principally since. Has 332 acres of land, 300 under a high state of cultivation, all of which is valued at §65 per acre. Mr. Lowry is one of the substantial farmors of the county. In ])olitics he is a Republican. Ciipt. John McOaffer;/, Le Claire, la., was born in Irelaml, 1842, son of Jatnes and Mary (Murray) McCaffrev, natives of Ireland, who emigrated to the United States when the ('aptain was a mere child, and located in St. Louis, where he resided until his death, which occurred in 1850. Mother died about the same time leav- ing a family of five children, viz.: Mary (now the wife of Henry 65 • 1132 HISTOET OF SCOTT COrNTY. Spinsby), Phillip, Kate (qow the wife of George Truraley), Sarah , (now tlie wife of Stephen Rhodes), and John. The Captain com- menced his river life in 1S56, as a raft hand, and he said then if he got tlirough with his trip he would leave the river, but becoming acquainted with the life still prosecuted the business. In the spring of 1864 he took charge of boat and ran the iirst lumber raft from Reed's Landing, and has been engaged in the same business since. March 2i, 186S, married Miss Sarah J. Davenport, a daughter of A. J. Davenport, an early settler of Scott County, where she was born Oct. 10, 1844. The fruit of this marriage was four sons, three of whom are living, viz.: Frank D., born Aug. IS, 1869; Henry S., born Sept. 29, 1870; Jack, born March 21, 1873. The Captain came to Le Claire in 1856, where he has resided since. J. H. McCoy, hardware, Le Claire, was born in Galatin Co., III., Jan. 30, 1836, son of William and Mary (Henderson) McCoy, natives of A^irginia. They were married in Galatin Co., 111. The family consisted of seven children, four of whom lived to be adults, viz.: J. IL, Nancy J. (who was the wife of John Sim), Annetria (wife of George Watts), Samuel M. Mr. McCoy by occupation was a fanner and died in Galatin County in 1840. Mother died in 1849. In politics he was an old-line Democrat. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm and received a common-school education. When 21 years of age he engaged, in company' with John Gilbert and James McCoy, in buying horses for the Mexican war. Afterward ran a wood yard on the Illinois river for a few years. Thence to Le Claire, where he embarked in the livery business in company with Richard Buskirk for a short time; he sold out this but afterward bought it back in company with C. S. Disney, afterward selling to J. II. Davenport. He then went to Port Byron where he again engaged in the livery business, which he ran for two years; at this time he was married to Eliza Reynolds, of Pekin, 111. He then started a livery stable in company with A. F. Stonebroker for a short time. He then em- barked in the mercantile business in company with Win. and John Allen, of Port Byron, which did not prove a success. He then returned to Le Claire, where he went into the saloon business for 13 years. At present is engaged in the hardware business, carries a stock of $2,-500 to §3,000, and the only regular store in the city. William McGinnis. Br., farmer; postoffice, Le Claire; was born in County Antrim, Ireland, May, 1815, son of John and Esther McGinnis, natives of Ireland, where they were married and seven children were born. When 16 years of age he came to the United States and located in Philadelphia, where he had a brother, who had previously sent him some school-books from Philadelphia, and among them was the speech of Henry Clay on the freedom of America, which caused a desire to visit this country. After arriv- ing in Philadelphia he got employment in a cotton factory, where he remained nearly two years, accumulating some money during that time. LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1133 He came to Galena, 111 ., at tliat time one of the principal busi- ness centers of the Northwest, where he was employed in Burton's smelting works for a few months; then went to Plattvllle, where he followed mining five years. Saved some money and made a claim in Jo Daviess Co. ,111.; he made some improvements and sold it for §S0o. After selling his farm lie made a trip down the river, where he purchased sugar, coffee, apples, etc., and took them to Galena and sold them. On his first trip up the river Mr. McGin- nis was delighted with Davenport, and in his second trip his at- tachment became so strong for this section of country, that he came and made his claim, and afterward purchased 160 acres of land. Having wild-cat money he was forced to pav 15 per cent, in ex- change for money to purciiase his land. In ISll he built iiis first log cabin. In iSlS married Miss Mary Canijibell, a daughter of John Campbell. Slie was born June 22, 1821. By this union there were 12 children, eight of wlioin are living, viz.: John C, Esther M., Martha J., Eliza L., Isapiienia, William H., Barclay J., Preston H. Mr. McGinnis came to tiiis country when a pojr boy, and to Iowa when it was in its infancy, and by hard work and good judg- ment has accumulated a fine property and home, and is one of the representative farmers of the county. Has 360 acres of valu- able land, worth $75 per acre. Mr. and Mrs. McGinnis are mem- bers of the Ciiristian church Mr. McGinnis is one of the pio- neers of Scott County, and has done much for the elevation of its morals and institutions. Nicholas M ill er was born in Clermont Co., O., Oct. 15, 1815, a son of John B. and Annie Miller, who were married in Clermont County, and were the parents of seven children, three living — Jacob, John B. and Mohdey. John B., Sr., followed farming in early life. In later years he followed the river trade, carrying farm produce from Louisville, Ky., to New Orleans, making three trips in two years. While on one of these trips, during the yellow fever epidemic of IS2.j, he was'takon sick and died, and was buried on Fairchild's Island. The mother died two months after, leaving a family of orphan children to battle with the world. They all suc- ceeded in getting good homes, and are now influential farmers. The subject of this sketch was bound out to Ilenry Lutz, of Clark Co., Ind.,and remained with him until his 21st year. He then learned the millwright's trade, wliicli he followed two years; then engaged in farming. He was married to Jane Providence Clieno- weth, P^eb. 27, 1810. Her father was Absalom Ciienoweth, of Warwick Co., Ind., where she was born in 1824. The fruit of this union was five children; fourare living, viz.: Mary J., Henri- etta, Josai)liine and Marion; one died in infancy. In ISKJ he left his home in Indiana, and catne to Scott County, where he landed on the !Uh day of April, and settled in Blue Grass Township, where lie remained but a few months, being the only house they could obtain at the time. Putting up a temporary house on th^ place where he now lives, he moved his family into it and commenced 1134 raSTOEY OF SCOTT COtJNTr. to open his farm, and a large and commodious dwelling-liouse has taken the place of the cabin. Mr. Miller has the premium farm of the county, with grounds beautifully laid out, with nearly e%'ery kind of evergreen growing in his yard. Mr. Miller has a farm of 281 acres of land under a high state of cultivation, and all the surround- ings which go to make up a beautiful home. John Afoore, farmer and stock-raiser, Le Claire, was born near Londonderry, Ireland, March 4, 1813, son of Samnel and Mary (Teas) Moore. They were married in 1810. Hy this union there were nine children. In 1849 Mr. Mooie emigrated to the United States and located on section 19, Le Claire Township, Scott Co., son and dauuhter coming as early as 1836. The subject of this sketch kft Ireland for the United States in 1834 and landed in Philadelphia, where lie followed the weaving business for six years. From there went to Pittsburgh and worked as a laborer about a year and a half. Having a sister in that vicinity he thought of settling, but hearing much of the broad prairies of the West he con- cluded to come and see for himself. Being favorably impressed with the country, he settled on section 19, Le Claire Township, where he has resided since. The fii-st winter was spent in a cabin with his brother-in-law; the following spring he built a log cabin upon his brother's place w'here he remained six .years, and in the mean time made a claim where he now lives. There were but a few neighbors on the prairie, their cabin being the farthe.-t west at the time. He married Mary Stewart Dec. 29, 1836. She was born in Ireland in 1816 and came to ihe United States in the same vessel with Mr. Moore. The fruit of this marriage was 10 chil- dren, five of whom are living, viz.: Samuel D., John P., Rebecca J., Elizabeth, Malinda S. Mr. and Mrs. Moore are members of the Old School Presbyterian church, and were members of the first organization in the township. Has been identified with the count}' from its infancy and has seen its various changes. He came to the county in limited circumstances, but by hard work and good management has accumulated a fine property and home; has 120 acres of land under a high state of cultivation, valued at $65 per acre; 20 acres of timber land, valued at §75 per acre. Ilis sister Mary, who came to the LTnited States in 1836, died some years later by the bite of a rattlesnake, about 1845. Benjamin I*. Moore was born in Blair County, Pa , on the 21st day of October, 1830, son of David II., born Jan. 2S, 1798, and Caroline Ltiwry, born March 28, 1800. Tliev were married in Blair Co., Pa'., Dec. 28, 1819, where a tam'ily of 10 children was born, viz.: Elizabeth, born April 5, 1821. died Sept. 30, 1867; Mary F., born Nov. 9, 1822, died Oct. 13, 1861; Lazarus L., May 26, 1824; KaturaM., born Oct. 5, 1826, died June 28, 1853; Peninah E., born Oct. 1, 1828, died Sept. 23, 1864; and Benj. F. Two died in infancy — David H., born Aug. 24, 1836, died April 4, 1858; Robert A.', born July 8, 1840, died Jan. 31, 1858. David H. Moore in the spring of 1S54 left his home in Pennsylvania with his family and emigrated to Scott Co., Iowa, locating in LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1135 Davenport Township, where he ])urcliased a farm and remained until his death, whicli occurred Sept. 25, 1862; mother died Oct. 9, 1874. Mr. and Mn. M lore were life-long members of the Presby- terian church, and were lionest, ujiright and respected citizens. The subject of this sketch married Miss Catharine Ililman, a daughter of Phillip Hileman, Jan. 17, 1S54. She were born in Blair County, Pa., July +. 1831. By this union there were lo chil- dren, viz.: Rebecca P., born Xov. 4, 1854; Caroline B.. boruDec. 1, 1856; Edena K., born Mav 22, 1859; David A., born Jan. 12, 1861, died May 17, 1870; Amelia B., born Jan. 29, 1863; Evaline K., born Oct. 13, 1865; Lillie Mav, born July 3, 1878; Prank L., born April 12, 1870; Cora B., b )rn May 18, 1823; Lydia M., born Oct. 1, 1875. Immediately afcer marrying h'i came to Scott Co., and embarked in farming in Lincoln Township, where they re- mained until 1ji76, when he removed to Le Claire, where he has resided since. Has 143 acres of land under a high state of cultiva- tion, valued at 875 per acre; also 32 acres of land in the city limits of Le ('laire, valued at 84,000. John B. Peaalee was born in New Boston, N. H., on the lOtli of September, 1824, son of Ezekiel and Eliza (Balch) Peaslee. Father, a native of Lewiston, Me., mother of Xew Ilainpsiiire, where they were married and where six children were born. Father, by occu])ation, was a farmer, and when John B. was one year old he moved to Danvers, Mass., and remained in that vicinity until he was 14 years old. He then moved to Franklin Co., N. Y., where they remained until 1844. when he came to Scott Co., lovva; came by teams to Ogdensbnrg where they took a boat, and while on the lake was struck by a hurricane, and was blown ashore at Stoney Point, 12 miles from Oswego, losing all their worldly effects but a team of horses and wagon. They made their way to Oswego where a ])ortion of the family took a boat, his father and brother coming through with a team. Father, brother, team and little dog lived on 36 cents a day while making the trip, John B. working his ])assageon a propeller, and from Chicago walked to this place, not having a cent in his pocket. His father .came to Rock Isl ind and thence to Port Byron, crossing the river to Le Claire on the ice; his mother came near losing her life while crossing. The first year rented land near the river, and the next season moved on to a farm owned by James Jack, where tiiey lived in a log cabin f>r four years. In the meantime John B. worked on the river and accumulated money enough to jiurchase 160 acres of land at $1.00 per acre. They then moved on'to the place build- ing a sod house in which they lived four years, then moved to the house where they now reside. He died Jul}' 14, 1S79; mother died Dec. 22, 1867. Mr. John B. Peaslee was married to Isabella L. Barr, Mov. 1, 1855. She was a daughter of James Barr, a native of Scotland, and was born May 23, 1834, in Allegheny Co., Pa. The fruit of this marriage is two children, viz.: Eliza J., born Jan 2, 1857, and the wife of Benj. F. Coe; and Walter J., born 1136 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Nov. 28, 1S59. Mr. Peaslee has 160 acres of land allot which is under a high state of cultivation; value, $65 per acre. Kdward Perry, fanner and stock-raiser, Le Claire, was born in Delaware Co., O., about 1818, son of David and Mary{Pugh) Ferry, who were among the early settlers of tiiat county. There was a family of 13 children ; 12 lived to be adults. His father was a farmer and lived and died in the same county. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received a limited scliool education When 21 years old learned the trade of plasterer. In 1865 mar- ried Miss Athiel N. Brown, a daughter of John and Candis (Langenway) Brown, natives of Canada. She was born Oct. 19, 1846. The fruit of this marriage is three children — Edmer, Edward and Tilla. In 1816 came to Iowa where he purchased the land he now owns, and made a farm and worked at his trade. Mr. Perry made a trip to California in 1852 where he worked in the mines, and in 1855 returned by water to New York. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the 2d Iowa Cavalry, Company C, and was in all the skirmishes up to Colliusville, Tenn., where he was wounded by a minie ball in the breast, and feels its effects until this day, which caused him to leave the army, securing an honorable dis- charge. Has the bullet which struck him. Has 187^ acres of land, 120 acres under cultivation, valued at $50 per acre. In poli- tics is a Democrat. Evan J. Perry was born in Delaware Co., O., Oct. 27, 1822. He was a son of David and Mary (Pugh) Perry, of Welsh descent. They were married in Wales, and immediately started fur the United States, landing in Baltimore, Md., where they remained a short time, thence to Delaware County. Thej' had 13 children. Their eldest son, David, was the first white child born in that county. Mr. Perry was among the pioneers of Delaware Countj'. Previous to leaving there the Indians became very troublesome, and manv times they were driven from their homes. At one time his father had loaded his family into a lumber wagon and started for the Fort, and while on his way one of the children fell out. He did not miss the child until one of his neighbors brought it to him. The subject of this memoir was reared on a farm and received, a common-school education. In 1846 he left his home in Ohio and came to Iowa, and located in Le Claire Township, where he took up land and made a farm. In 1858 he was united in marriage with Isaphronia Pollock. By this union there were three chiU dren — Walter, Mary A. and Joseph. Mrs. Perry died Jan. 23, 1865. He again tAarried in 1867, Mary Suiter, a widow of Phillip Suiter. One child was born which died young. Mrs. Mary Perry died in the fall of 1868. Mr. Perry married his present wife, Margaret McKinney, March 10, 1870; she was born in Delaware Co., O., Oct. 9, 1836. Mr. Perry has 28 acres of land in the city limits, valued at $5,000. M'do M. Pollock, Le Claire, Iowa, was born in Washington Co., Pa., May 26, 1812, son of Dr. Joseph and Pachael (Moorehead) LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1137 Pollock. They were married in Pennsylvania in ISO!). By tiiis union there were ten cliildren, nine of wliom are liviiifr, viz.: Peri- ander, Milo M., Carniilla, Josephine, Hiram, Balinda, Adeline, Laura, Isaphronia. Dr. Polloclc was a practicing physician in Wash- ington Co., Pa., for seven years. He tlien bought a farm in Beaver County, wiiere he remained 10 years; from there went to Law- rence County, where lie l)uilt a small boat and followed the river for several years. Milo M., at tlie age of 12 yeai-s, was employed as clerk in a store for two years. He then rented his father's mills and ran them three years. In 1837 he married Mary Ann Van Horn, a daughter of Samuel Van Horn, Sr., a native of Penn- sylvania, where slie was. born in 1815. There was a family of ten children, four of whom are living — Milo, James V., Emiline, Ger- trude. Mrs. Pollock died in 1S72. She was a member of the Chi-is- tian church, and was highly respected by all who knew her. Mr. Pollock has been identified with the county 35 years, and has lived to see its many changes; has 120 acres of land, valued at $10 per acre. In politics is a Republican. Carlide Pollock, farmer, was born in Allegheny Co., Pa., June 1, 1835, son of John and Sarah (Mc Call) Pollock, natives of Penn- sylvania, Tlicy were married in Crawford Co., Pa., in 1828. There was a family of nine children, four ofVliom are living, viz.: Addison, Amanda, Isabel!, Carlisle. Mr. John Pollock was a me- chanic by trade, which he followed for some years. Afterward was engaged on t]ie»river, between New Castle and Pittsburg, on a packet. He then moved to Rochester, Pa., where he embarked in the.lumber trade. In the spring of 1850 came to Scott Co., la., where he built a mill, which business he followed a short time. He died in 1879; mother died in the sameyear. The subject of this sketch was raised on a farm, and recived a common-school educa- tion. In 1860 married Harriet A. Smith, daughter of Martin O. W. and Harriet C. (Bertis) Smith. Mr. Martin O. W. Smith came to Scott County, as near as can be learned, about 1823, from Pennsyl- vania, and followed tra])])ing for a number of years, when he lived among the Indians. He built his cabin on Fuller's Island, which is now known as Smith's Island. He built the first frame building in Le Claire proper, which is still standing; was one of the first rapids pilots, which he followed for years. "While taking a flat- boat to Davenport was drowned oti' the head of Campbell Island, in the spring of 1816. He was in the war of 1812, in which he took an active part. He was well thought of among the Indians, and acted in the capacity of interpreter. Mrs. Carlisle Pollock was born in Le Claire Township, April 25, 1814. She is the mother of three children — Rosa M., born June 8, 1861; William S., born July 29, 1S63; Hugh II., born Aug. S, 1S6(;. Mr. and Mrs. Pol- lock are members of the AI. E. church of Le Claire. Willii/m Porter, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Donegal, Ireland, in 1817, son of James and Isabell (Irvine) Porter, who were married in Ireland, and raised a family of nine children, eight 1138 HISTOET OF SUOTT COUNTY. of whom are livino; — William, Joseph, John, James, Samuel, Fin- ley, Robert, Mary, Jane. The subject of this sketch, in Ma}', 1844, married Ann Buchanan. Slie was born in Donegal, Ireland. He immediately started for the United States; landed in New York, where he was employed in a rolling mill, and remained four years. In May, 1848, came to Scott County, and located on the place where he now resides; entered land, and fcom the wild, uncultivated prairie has made a beautiful farm. Mrs. Porter died in 1879, leav- ing a family of five children — Isabel!, Eliza Jane, Mary, William, and Samuel. Mr. Porter came to the county a poor man, having about $150 ready mone^', but having a strong arm and good con- stitution, went manfully to work, and by good judgment and econ- omy has accumulated a fine property, and is one of the large and well-to-do farmers of the county; has 400 acres of land, valued at $65 per acre. Mr. Porter married for his second wife Mrs. Martha Kerb}', widow of James F. Kerby, October, 1881. Eev. S. S. Ralston. Le Claire, la., was born near Nashville, Tenn., on the 11th day of May, 1809. He was a son of James and Esther (Shannon) Ralston; his father was a native of Pennsyl- vania, and mother of Virginia, and of Scotch and Irish descent. His grandfather was direct from Ireland and came to this country and lived to be lOOyeSirs old: grandmother came from Scotland. James Ralston and Esther Shannon were married near Nash- ville, Tenn., about 1809, where two children were born — S. S. and David. His father moved to Lincoln Co., Tenn.,. when S. S. was very yonng, where four more children were born — John, Jane, Mary and Catherine A. His father was by trade a cabinet-maker, but had a farm on which he spent much of his time. Mr. Ralston was an elder of the U. P. church, in which he took an active in- terest, always working for the elevation of its members. He died in Giles Co., Tenn., in 1854. Mother died in 1837. The subject of this sketch was reared on a larm and received his earlj' school- ing in a log cabin. When 21 yeai-s of age he left his father's home, with 50 cents in his ])ocket, to gain an education; picking up some here and there he finally met a friend, Ilenr}' Brysen, D. D., who invited him to liis house, whore he gave him a home, tuition and board free for four years, where he prosecuted his class- ical studies, reciting to him. He then spent a short time with Eev. Robert Galloway, of Maury Co., Tenn., in the prosecution of his studies, and in the year 1832 spent one year in Jackson College, but was subsequently moved to Columbia, where he finished his course; was the first theological student in the Theo- logical Seminary at Due West, where he finished his theological studies. By too close application to his studies his health failed and he was licensed prematurel}' and sent out as a missinnary, traveling over several States for one year, when he partially re- gained his health, and was settled as a pastor May, 1838, in Mar- shall Co., Tenn., where he remained five years; thence to Lincoln Co., Mo., where he had charge of Mount Zion congregation, re- LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1139 maining there 17 years. In November, 1860, came to Le Claire Township, where he has h id cluirgo of L'3 Claire Prairie LT. P. church since. In 1838 he married Mary A. IJill, of Teun. I3y this union there were four chilihvn, three of whom arc living — Mary J., Martha and James, and Robert S., who died at the hospital at Springfield, Mo. Mrs. Ralston died in 1845. He married Sarah Yeagle, of Ky. S!ie died A])ril 11, 1873. He married his present wite, Rebecca Mc Gorey, in Armstrong Co., Pa., in 1875. Captdin J. \V. Riimho, Le Claire, was born in Rapids City, Rock Island Co., 111., on the 27th day of July, 1844, son of William and Jane ( Peterson ) Rambo; father a native of Pennsylvania, and mother of (^hio. They were married in Carrolton, Ohio, and set- tled in Beaver Co., Pa., where a family of three was born, viz.: Harriet, Jamos and Rebecca, in 1843, Mr. Rambo left liis native State and emii^rated to Rock Isla)ul Co., 111., and located at Rapid City, remaining one year, and then returned to Le Claire, where he embarked in the milling business as the firm of Scott tt Rambo, on the site where Ira Smith's mill now stands, and continued up to 1853, when he moved to Le Claire, wliere he was employed as a rapids pilot, which he followed u|) to the time of his death, which occuired Jan. 10, 1871. Mrs. Rambo died in ISot]. Capt. Rambo. the subject o.' this sketch, was rearc^l in Rock Island and Scott Counties, and received a limitetl education. In 1>S(J2 com- menced on the river as a ratt hand, and the following year re- ceived license as a ])ilot, which business he has followed since. In 1864 married Miss Josephine Slaughter, a daughter ot Joshua Slaughter. She was born in Essex Co., N. Y., in 1846. Tlie fruit of this union was four children, two of whom are living, viz.: Elnola and George. Mr. and Mrs. Rambo live in the house where they attended school when children, 25 years ago, having pur- chased the i)roperty of their old teacher. Capt. Rambo has 160 acres of land in Nebraska, valued at $15 per acre; also a line res- idence in Le Claire. The Captain is a member of Snow Lodge, No. 44, of Le Claire, and was .Master for six years; also a member of the Roval Arch Chapter, No. 16, of Davenport. Is a member of theA. O.'U.W. ; Damon Lodge of K. P., of Davenport, No. 10, and a member of the L. W. Masonic Aid Association, of Chicago, and carries an insurance of 88,50<). Mile« Scandrett^ farmer, of Le Claire Township, was born in Huntingdon Co., Pa., July 6, 1814, son of William and Sarah (Coleman) Scandrett. Tliey were married in Huntingdon County, where a fiinily of 12 children were born, five of vvhom are living — Nancy, Miles, William 13., Isaac R. and Franklin. The subject of this sketch was reared to hard work. In an early day he fol- lowed for a livelihood chopping wood and making coal. In 1849 he married Miss Julia Ann Nelson, a daughter of John Nelson. She was born in Pennsylvania in 1825. The fruit of this union was seven children, two of whom are living, viz.: William M. and Margaret E., now the wife of David P. Beales. In 1849 ^Ir. Scandrett emigrated to Scott Co., Iowa, coming overland with 114U HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. teams. For a couple of years lie rented land; he then purchased land where he now resides. Mr. Scandrett came to the county a poor man with his aged father and mother. Being without money, but having a good constitution, set himself to work, and by his industry accumulated a fine property and home. lie has 90 acres of land ;dl under cultivation, valued at $65 per acre. Mr. and Mrs. Scandrett are members of the Baptist church, and among the original member.-. Louis Schvjorm <& Son, of Le Claire, Iowa. Among the busi- ness interest of Le Claire, we would mention the firm of Louis Schworm & Son, which was established in the year of 1851, as the firm of Schworm & Werner, who manufactured np to 1856, when they opened a retail trade in coimeetion with their manufact- uring business, which partnerslnp continued up to 1869. when they divided up their stock, Mr. Sch«-orm still continuing up to 1880, when he took his son, Louis L., in partnership, and the busi- ness has been conducted as the firm of Schworm & Son. They are doing a good, safe business, and carry a stock of $1,600, Mr. Schworm being one of the oldest busine.-s men in the city. Louis Schwann, boot and shoe dealer, of Le Claire, was born in Bavaria, Germany, on the 6th day of May, 182-3. son of George and Catharine ^Linn) Schworm. There was a family of six sons and one daughter, all of which lived to be adults, three of whom are living, viz.: George, FreiJerick and Louis. In 1846 the sub- ject of this sketch came to the United States, coming on a sailing- vessel, making the trip in 38 days, landing in New "i'ork, where he immediately went to work at his trade, and remained two years. In 1848 lie married Miss Johannah Latour. She was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, July 11, 1825. The fruit of this marriage was six children — George (who died in 1863), Louis L., Louisa (now Mrs. J. K. Flaire, of Marysville, Cal.), Emma, Fred P. and Albert L. After marrj'ing he moved to Chicago, wtiere he remained ui>til 1851; thence to Le Claire, coming by canal to La Salle; thence down the Illinois River to St. Louis; thence up the Mississippi River to this point, where he commenced his present business, which he has followed since. Mr. Scliworm has held several local ofBces of trust. He is at present one of the Board of Supervisors of the county; was township trustee for 13 years; school treasurer for 14 years, and two years in the Town Council. Mr. Schworm came to the county in limited circumstances, but by close application to business has secured a line property and home, and is one of the substantial citizens of Le Claire Township. William, O. Scott, farmer, was born in Beaver Co., Pa., on the 9th day of April, 1834, sonof Robert and Lucy (Todd) Scott. They were married in Beaver Co., Pa., in 1825. By this union there were eight children, three living — Samuel J., Sarah and William G. In 1851 Mr. Robert Scott left his home in Beaver County and came to Scott County, and located on the farm where William G. ' now resides, purchasing the same from James Jack, and followed LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1141 tanning until liis death, wliicli occurred in 18*>8. His niotherdied in 1S80. Mr. Scott has lield several ottices of trust; was elected to the Legislature of 1858, and also repiesonted the township in the Board of Supervisors of Scott County. In politics lie was an old-line Whig, and afterward atiiiiated witli the Kcpublican party. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and re- ceived a conuuon-school educittifni; and was also a student of Cor- nell College bei'ore it had a charter. In 1871 he married liebocca jM. Etlelbluter. She was born in Pennsylvania in 1837. By this marriage there aie two children — Eva and Mary. Mr. Scott is at present assessor of Le Claire Township. Mr. Scott has 93 acres of bmd, GO acres nnder cultivation, valued at ^50 per acre. Ira F. Smith, retired farmer, Le ('laire, was born in AVashing- ton ('o., Pa., on the oth of December, l80-±, son of Joseph and Elizabetln^Fuller) Smith. The family consisted of live sons and two daughteis, three f)f whom are now living. Mr. Smith was a farmer, which occupation he followed until his death, in 1807. His mother again married, a Mr. Wolf, and three children were born. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, his lather dying when he was three years old. and was thrown among strangers, picking uj) a limited school education, and worked out as soon as he could dress himself, for his clothi s and board, until he was old enough to work for wages, and then worked for seven to eight dollars per month; also cut cord-wood for 12^ cents a cord. In January, 182it, married Miss N'ancy Huffman. She was born in Pennsylvania in 1809. By this union there was a family ot 12 children, 10 of whom lived to be adults, viz.: Martin, Peter, ElizHbeth, John E., Nathan, Cynthia, Clarinda, George, Hen- rietta and Ira F. In June. 1834, left his home in Pennsylvania, and with his wife and three children, started for the lar West. Having two brothers in Iowa, and giving a glowing account of the county, he concluded to come; coming b}' water via St. Louis, and landing in Le Claire, July 12, 1834, and located on Smith's Island, which was named after him, where he remained three years, then moved on the main shore, where he has since resided. Mr. Smith came to the county in very limited circumstances. He landed in St. Lnuis with but. 50 cents in his pocket; he went to the captain of the steamer "Adventure," and told him his Hnancial condition, and asked him to take him to Fuller (now Smith's Is- land) and land him. In return he gave him his note for $12, which he paid in steamboat wood. His ])resent ])rosperous cir- cumstances are am))le evidence of his industry juid attention to business since his arrival here. Mrs. Smith died April 13, 1876, Hiravx O. Stocey, farmer, Le Claire Township, was born in Essex Co., N. Y., on the 31st day of October, 1822. His father was a carpenter and joiner, and Hiram took up the trade when 15 years of age. In 1843 came to Scutt County. Having heard of the broad prairies of Iowa, thought he would visit and see for himself, ami being much jtleased with the country, returned to 1142 HISTORY OF scorr county. Essex County, where lie married Miss Sarah M. Westgate, a daughter of Benj. and Poll}' (Chapman) Westgate. She was born in Esse.x Co., N. Y., 1825. By this union there were two chil- dren — Elsie II. (now the wife of J. C. McGinnis) and Clifton B. In 18.50 moved to Scott Co., Iowa, and located on ItIO acres of land in Lincoln Township, wliere he remained three years, when he sold out and purchased another farm in the same township, where he remained four years. He then moved to Le Claire and worked in the boat yard for eight years, when he purchased and moved to his present home. Has 90 acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. In ]iolitics was an old-line Whig, and at the time of the organization of the Kepublican pai-ty joined them, and has affiliated with them since. J. C. IStncy, Le Claire, was b irn in Essex Co., N. Y., July 4, 1833, where he was reared on a farm and received a common- school education. In 1866 married Miss Anna E. Byerley. She was born in Carlisle, Cumberland Co., Fa., May 24, 1820. In 1845 married Andrew Long, by whom there were three children, viz.: Willard. Mary, one died in infancy. Mr. Long died Feb. 22, 1859. Mrj. Stacy came to the pineries of Wisconsin in 1844, and for many months at a time did not see the face of a white woman. Mr. Stacy enlisted in the 20th Iowa Volunteer Infantry, Company K., Capt. B. Byron. Particip:ited in the battles of Prairie Grove, siege, and capture of Vicksburg, Yazoo River, Fts. Morgan and Blakelj'. While in the service was rnptured and lost his health, receiving for his injuries a pension of $10 per month. Jonas G. Stacy, retired farmer, Le Claire, Iowa, was born in Westport, Essex Co.. N. Y., July 22, 1826, son of William and Clarasa (Stone) Stacy, natives of York State. They were married in Essex Co., JS^. Y . There was a family of nine children. William Stacy by occupation was a millwright and ship carpenter, and in connection with his trade carried on a farm. In 1849 emigrated to Scott County, where he purchased 100 acres of wild prairie; then returned to New York and forwarded money to J. G., who pur- chased 80 adjoining, improved land. He afterward traded 20 acres of the 100 for 40 acres, making 200 acres in a body. In 1851 moved his family out, where he resided, in Le Claire Township until his death, which occurred August, 1877. Mother died December, 1879. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm and received a coiumon-school education. When 21 years of age left his home in New York. Having an uncle in Scott County made that his ob- jective point, arriving in the fall of 1847, bringing with him fixtures for making daguerreotypes, doing the first business of the kind in Scott County, which he followed for a few years. Previous to his father's family coming bought a team, and put in a crop on the land purchased by his father. June 29, 1859, married Miss Helen Carleton. She was born July 19, 1839. Bv this union there were three children— Clyde Le Roy, born Feb. 28, 1862; Geo. C, born Nov. 5, 1866, and Fred B., born May 27, 1870. Mr. Stacy fol- LK CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1143 lowed t'ariiiiiio; until 1S7S, when he sold his t'arni for $li,500 and moved to Le Claire, where he has resided since. In politics is a Republican, and has held several local offices of trust. Horatio G. Stone, farmer and stuck-raiser, was born m Essex Co., N. Y.,oii the 25tii day of November, 1811, son of Abrani and Eunice (Ilaskins) Stone. They were natives of Connecticut and moved to Moriah, N. Y., where the}' lived fot more than 40 years. They removed to Iowa in 1S50, where Mr. Stone died Jan. 28, 1860, and Mrs. Stone, Jan. 22, 1860. They lived together for 67 years. Mr. Stone cast his first vote for Georije Washington and his last for Abraham Lincoln. Mr. "Stone by profession was a sur- veyor. In that cajiacity was familiar with and i):irticij>ator in the hardships and inconveniences attending the early settlement of Northwestern New York. Governed through long life bv principal of strictest integrit}', his fellow citizens of Esse.x County frequently placed him in a position of honorable responsibility, the duties of which he ever discharged with fidelity. There was a family of three sons ami three daughters, which lived to be adults, viz.: Henry, who settled in Scott (younty, where he died July, 1877; Fruman, located in Wyandotte, Alic-h.; H. G.; Clarissa, married William Stacy, died in Le Claire in the spring of 1880; Malissa, wife of C. C. Applegate, died in 1846; Harriet, wife of Wil- son L)we, died in Essex Co., N. Y. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm and received a limited education; remained on the farm until he was 22, when he was employed in an iron-ore mine for a couple of years. In 183f> was em])loyed by a man by the name of Spencer to work by the month for a couple of years. In 1839 made a claim where he now resides and the following spring commenced to open up a farm. In 1841 married Hannah Von Hoskirk, a daughter of Aiulrew and Passa Von Boskirk, natives of Union Co., Pa. In 1832 they moved to Licking County, where they remained until 1839, when they removed to Wisconsin and remained one year. In 1840 came to Le Claire Township. She was born May 12, 1820. The fruit of this marriage was 11 chil- dren, 10 of whom are living, viz.: Henry, Clarissa, Eunice Ann, Horatio, Andrew, Ida Adelaide, Perry, Euphemia, EfFa. Fred. Henry died July 19, 1871. Mr. Stone has been a member of the Republican party since its organization. He owns 32n acres of rich land, valued at §65 an acre. His farm is one of the finest in the county. A large and cotnmodious residence has taken the place ot tie log cabin, 14 x 16, which they occupied on coining to Scott Count}-. Henry Stone, deceased, (-ne of the early settlers of Scott Co., la., was born in Hiiiesburg, Vt., Dec. 2, 1793. Wiien a young man he engaged on Lake Cham plain as captain of a sailing vessel for several years. In 1815 married Abigail Knapp. They had a tkmily of seven children, who lived to be adults. She died Dec. 31, 1836. She was a member of the Baptist Church, and respected by all who knew her. He again married Betsev 1144 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. Nichols, a daughter of John Nichols, of Connecticut, and Rachael Chapman. Fatlier died in Clinton County and mother in Essex Count}'. In 1S44 left their home in New York, and came to Whitehall by steam, and by canal to Buffalo, and by steam to Chi- cago, when it was a small village; thence by teams to Scott County. Tlie roads were very muddy, and the}- were nine days in making the trip, and located near where H. G. Stone now resides. Moved in- to a shanty with a large family; made a farm and made a good, comfortable home. He died in Le Claire, July 26, 1876, leaving his companion to travel on alone. She is now residing with Mr. and Mrs. Hulett, at the age of Ts. Austin F. Stonebroker. farmer, LeClaire Township, was born in Blair Co., Pa., Aug. 1, 1S39, son of Samuel W. and Elizabeth (Eobinsun) Stonebroker. His father by trade was a tailor, which he followed for some years, and then embarked in the mercantile business, which he followed a i^"^' years when he failed, and re- sumed his trade for a few years; he again engaged in the mercan- tile business, which he followed nntil he died, in 1874. Mother died in 1842. In the winter of 1854 AnstinF. came to Iowa and located in Le Claire, where he worked at the tailor's trade one year; then en- gaged in the batcher business for a short time. At the time of the Kansas trouble, went there and participated in the squabble. After the trouble was over returned to LeClaire, where he engaged in the livery business. In 1861 enlisted in the 2d Iowa Infantry, Co B; participated in the capture of Fort Donelson, Pittsburg Landing, at the siege of Corinth. Was discharged for physical disability in the fali of 1862. He then went to Memphis, Tenn., where he was employed in Government detective force until the close of the war. He afterward formed an independent office in company with C. P. B., where he remained one year. He was then connected with the metro]iolitan force. In 1868 returned to Le Claire, where he purchased the farm where he now lesides. Lias 80 acres of land, all of which is under cultivation, valued at $65 per acre. In February, 1869, married Miss Maggie Jack, a daughter of Leslie Jack, of Allegheny Co., Pa., where she was born, July 20, 1852. The fruit of this marriage is two children, viz.: Beaumont E. and Mearle I. Is a member of A. O. U. W. of Le Claire. Henry H. Strohheen, lumber merchant, Le Claire, was born in Holstein, Germany, on the 14th of September, 1827, son of Fred- erick and Magdalina Strohbeen. They were married in 1825. The fruit of this union is three children, viz.: Minnie, Dolly and Henry. Father by trade was a tailor. He emigrated to the United States and located in Davenport, la., where he died in 1854, of the cholera. Mother died in Bslle Plaine, la, 1863. In early life Henry H. learned the tradeof a weaver. At 20 years of age he came to the States. In 1851 he located in Blue Grass Township, where he bought a farm and resided until 1858, when he sold out and rented the three following years. In 1861 he bought land at Belle Plaine, and made a farm and remained live LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1145 years. In 1853 he married Christianna Puis. She was born in German)' in 1S37. By this union there were nine children, two of whom are living; — Louisa and Edward. Mrs. S. died in 1S69, and in 1870 he married Amelia Goldsmith. After returning to Scott County he bought a small place in Le Claire Township, and while living on this place he embarked in the lumber trade. In 187S he bought a mill in Le Claire, and after putting ai)out 82,000 repairs upon it, it was burned to the ground, causing a loss of $2,400. He has since built a mill on the same site, and has furnished it with new machinery and is ready to do all kinds of work in his line. Mr. S. carries a stock of 800,000 feet of lumber. John II. Suiter, Le Claire, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Lawrence Co., Ohio, Aug. 15, 1822, and came to Iowa in 1S35, with his parents, being 14 years of age. Married Eliza Jane Wright in tlie winter of 1842. She was born in Greene Co., O., Dec. 16, 1817. There was by this union a family of eight children, six living — Agnes, born Nov. 16. 1843; John W., born Mar. 28, 1846; Zachariah G., born May 20, 1851; George P., born Mar. 14, 1853; Jeremiah J., l)orn May 24, 1855; William A., born Sept. 29, 1861. He has 200 acres"of land in Scott County, valued at $75 pei- acre. Also has 360 acres in Keokuk County, valued at $20 per acre, which is used for grazing. Mr. Suiter has been identified with the county nearly half a century, and has seen the various changes whicii Scott County has undergone. In politics he is a Democrat. In the fall of 1843 he commenced as ))iloton the Le Claire Rapids and followed it until 1875, when he gave it up on account of liis landed property. In 1864, in the time of low water, he was the only pilot that took rafts over the rapids, receiving from $10 to $15 a trip. Williitm M. Suiter, one of the pioneers of Scott County, was born in Illinois on the American Bottoms, Nov. 13, 1S26, son of Piiillip Suiter, and Hannah Pancake. His father came to the county in 1835, and moved his family in 1836, when William was 10 j-ears of age. The facilities for schooling were lim- ited. At an early day he engaged in the river trade, first as a raft hand, but before he was 21 years of age was running as rapids pilot, which occupation he has followed since. Oct. lO, 1848, he married Miss Alice M. Disney, youngest daugh- ter of Mordecai Disney, of Baltimore, who emigrated to Davenport in 1842 She was boVn in Cincinnati, O., Oct. 28, 1828. Tliey have been blessed with seven children, five of wliom are living — Alice F., born July 28, 1850, now the wife of J. H. Manwaring; Mordecai P., conductor on the B. & M. R. li. ; Noah was born Jan. 2ij, 1853; Wm. Edward, July 9, 1857, also a conductor on the same road; Ciiarles J., born Nov. 11, 1859, engaged in railroading; S.ir.^h I., bjrn Oct. 20, 1861. Mr. and Mrs. Suiter have been identified with the county for many years. Commenced at the lower round of the ladder and liave succeeded in accumulating a fine property and home. Mr. Suiter has 160 acres of valuable lliG HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. land in Nebraska, besides several lots in Le Claire, and a fine res- idence in which he lives. Is a member of Howard Lodge, No. 55, A. O. U. W., of Le Claire. Laurel Summers was born in Montojomery Co., Ky., Oct. 2, 1812; was a son of Enoch and Elsie Summers, ?i«e Hadden, natives of Kentucky, who were married in 1811, in Montgomery County of that State. In 1823 they removed to Morgan Co., Ind., where Enocii Summers entered land and farmed until his death, which occurred in 1S45-. Tlie family then removed to Iowa, where the mother died in Jackson County, in 1807, having been the mother of six children — Laurel, Presley, Redman, Shelton, Dolly and Caleb. Mr. and Mrs. Enoch Summers in early life were members of the Baptist church, but upon the oro'anization of the Cliristian church, joined that denomination, and affiliated with them until their death. He gave time and money to the building up of the churcii. and was one of its most zealous workers. The subject of this memoir re- mained on the farm in Morgan County until 1830, when he went to Indianapolis, where he learned the trade ot brick mason. This he followed until 1837, when, being drawn thither by the then pre- vailing current, he came West, and located in the Territory of Wis- consin, in what is now Scott Co., la. He here made a Government claim and embarked in fanning. He also established a cattle ranch partnership with his brother, buying cattle from Indiana. The in- vestment did not prove a lucrative one, and it was aband(.)ned soon after. In 1838 he was elected to the first Territorial Legislature, and was re-elected the two succeeding years. in May, lSJ-1, he married Miss Mary Parkhurst, who was born in Ontario Co.. N. Y., Jan. 11, 1822, and was a daughter of Sterling and Ann Paikhurst, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of New Hamp- shire, wlio were married in the State of New York. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Summers has been blessed witli five children — -Helen L., now Mrs. C. P. AVhitford; Elsie A., widow of E. S. Curtis; Sarah, now Mrs. W. P. Headley, Lewis C. who died in infancy, and Au- gustus D. Mr. Summers followed liis trade until 184-4, when he was elected to the Legislative Council, and served two years. In 1850 lie was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1853 was ap- pointed United States Marshal of the district of Iowa under Presi- dent Pierce; served through his administration and was reapjiointed under James Buchanan, and served eight years. Since 1861 he has followed contracting and varions other occupations. He was elected to the mayoralty of Le Claire four terms, and served as deputy sheritf of Scott County tor three years. In 1874 he was elected one of the trustees of the Iowa Agricultural College at Ames, and served in that capacity four years. Mr. Summers was educated in the Democratic school of politics, and still adheres to the principles of that party. Frederick Thelemanii, Le Claire, was born in Hanover, Ger-' many, Nov. 21, 1823. In 1849 he came to the United States, land- ing in Baltimore, Md., May 17, and immediately proceeded to LE CLAIRE TOWNSHIP. 1147 Pittsburg, where he embarked in tlie cabinet trade, where he re- mained until the followingfall, when he went to St. Louis, working at his trade, and was afterward employed in an organ factory for one year; afterward was employed in the car shops for three years; from there he went to Davenport, where he got work in a cab- inet shop. In 1S56 he came to Le Claire, wiiere lie has remained since. Aug. 4, 1850, he married Miss Sophia Ehlar. She was born in Brunswick, Germany, in 1S33. There was a familvof seven children, six of whom are living — Wm., Emma, Edward, Ida, Fritz, and Robert. Mr. Thelemann has 72 acres of land on which is a valuable stone-qnarry ot limestone, and valued at $4,000. Jacob Vogler, farmer and stock-raiser, Le Claire, was born in Switzerland", Oct. 2, 1822. In 1850 came to the United States in a sailing vessel and was 56 days in ci-DSsing; landed in New York, where he remained a short time and thence to Canton, Ohio, where he Worked as a laborer. In 1852 came to Moline, 111., where he was employed by Deere it Co., in the plow shops a short time, and afterward worked for a man by the name of Dump in a ilouring mill, also worked on tlie river, when he drifted to Princeton, when he was emploj'ed in milling for 10 years. In 1870 married Mrs. Edwin Small. She was born in Switzerland, .hiiy 22, 1830. By this union there are two children — Jacob, born March 11, 1871; Frank, born June 19, 1873. lias 66 acres of land all under a high state of cultivation, valued at $50 per acre. Mr. Vogler came to the United States in limited circumstances, but by judicious nian- agement has accumulated a line proparty and home. J. W. Van Sant, ship-carpenter, Le Claire, was born in Burling- ton Co., N. J., on the 9th day of January, 1810, son of Nicholas and Mercy (Davis t Van Suit. They were married in Burlington Co., N. J., where a familv of nine children were born, eight of whom are living. Mr. Van Sant died at his residence near Lower Bank, N. J., March 0, 1870, at the advanced age of 90 years and 4 months, leaving his beloved companion within a few days of 90, and with whom he liad lived most happily for more than 70 years, to plod her weary way alone for a slurt season. Twj daughters and seven sons also survive him, two of whom are ministers of the New Jersey Conference, two of the Newark, and one a local deacon residing near the homestead; the remaining two witli the two daughters arc honored members of the M. E. church. He himself united with the church when 17 years of age, and not very long after received in succession exhorters' and local preachers' licenses. Witlunit the advantages of an early education lie became a man of more than ordinary intelligence on general subiccts; was a diligent and devoted student of the Bible, of whic-h he acquired an unusually full measure of knowledge. J. W. in early life learned the trade of ship carpenter under his father's instruc- tions. When 22 years of age married Miss Lydia Anderson, of Monmouth, now Ocean Co., N. J., where she was born May 15, 1812. By tliis union there was a family of eight children, six of SO 1148 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. whom are living, viz.: Asa, E^tller Ann, Elias A., Sam'l R., Nicliob'S Gr., Nellie. In 1835 left his home in New Jersey, and came to Toledo, Ohio, and in 1837 came to Rick Island County, when he embarked in farming, which he followed for four years. When the boat business began to brighten up lie came to Rock Islard Hnd engaged in that, building the fir-t keel-boat built in Rork I-land, and also workcxl on the fir^t steamboat; also built the first sailing boat that was ever built here; has been engaged in the boat business for 40 years. In 1862 came to Le Claire. Mr. Van Sant has been a member of the M. E. church since he was 13 years of age. Jamis Wihon, farmer and stock-raiser, Le Claire. Iowa, was born in Donegal, Ireland, in 182.5, and came to the United States in 1855 and located in Le Claire Township, where he has followed fariiing since. In 1849 married Jane Galligher; she was born in Irelau'l. There was a family of 13 children, nine of whom are living, viz. : William, Susan, Nathaniel, Thomas, Sarah J., Andrew, Johir, Margaret Hud Mary E. Mrs. Wilson died in 1S72. She was a member of Seceeders church. Mr. Wilson has 320 acres ot land ^ alued at $75 per acre in Le Claire Township, and 160 acres in Powesliiek Co., Iowa, valued at §35. Nathaniel Wilson, deceased, a l>roth' r of James Wilson, was born in the same county; came to S' oT C unty in an early day and was among the earliest settlers of the county. Through the influence of Nathaniel, the large famih of James Wilson was induced to come to this county and settle in Le Claire Township. Nathaniel Wislon at his death had aecumuhited a fine property. He died in 1878. LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. This township lies in the northwest portion of the county, and comprises township SO, range 1 east. It was first settled in 1837 by the Goddards, Laughreys, Hellers and Woods. The township is mostly rolling prairie, in some parts very much broken. There are several very fine groves in tiie township, and several creeks. George W. Parker thus describes the township : " There is a small creek running tiirough the central part of the township called Walnut Creek, wliich enters Allen's Grove Town- ship at Little Walnut Grove, near Di.xon. A small branch of Mud Creek heads in the southwest corner of the township and passes along the north side of Round Grove and enters Cicona Township. Rock Creek heads in Cedar County and enters Liberty Township in Paaten's Grove on section 6, and crosses sections 6 and 5 in a northeasterly direction to the north line of the town- ship and the line between Scott and Clinton counties. It meanders back and forth along the line cast to section 4, and then leaves the township. A portion of section 1 has some timber. Little Walnut Grove is on sections 12 and 13, and contains 100 acres. Big Wal- nut Grove is on sections 13, 14, 23 and 24, with about 000 acres, oak, walnut, basswood and hickory being the principal kinds. Pasten's Grove is on sections 6 and 7, and is principally oak, and comprises not far from 450 acres. Round Grove is nearly all on section 33, and contains 40 acres, mostly hickory," Mr. Parker, in a communication to the Historical Committee of the Academy of Science, further says of this township : "In the month of September, 1830, Mr. Burt, a citizen ot Michigan, received the contract from the general Government to run the 5th principal meridian line through this part of AViscon- sin Territory, as it was then called. lie spent some days near Fairport, below Buflalo, in getting coimection with the line on the opposite side of the river. lie then ran that line due north to the river above Dubuque, and then returned to a point just east of the present town of Durant, ami ran the correction line due east to the river just below Le Claire. These were the first lines run. Mr. Burt and his son, then commenced running the township lines north of the correction line, and were engaged all winter and until the month of May, 1837, in surveying the 5th meridian, which is the west line ot Liberty Township. lie passed through Pasten's Grove Sept. 20, 1836. The other lines of the township were run some time in the fall or winter." In the summer of 1837, a man by the name of Van Sant, a tailor by trade, and a citizen of Cincinnati, O., came here with a contract (1149) 1150 HISTOKT OF SCOrr COUNTY. to sub-divide four townships, 80 and 81 east, and 80 and 81 west of the 5th principal meridian. He was an acquaintance of the surveyor general, wlio had his office in Cincinnati at that time. Van Sant had picked up bis hands in Cinciimati and tliej were little litted for tiie work, and he knew but little about practical surveying. The result was, after spending double the time necessary, and having any amount of trouble with his help, a very poorly surveyed township, and he had to give up a portion of his contract and go back home." Mr. Van Sant while surveying the township located a claim at Round Grove, which included the whole of the timber. He hired the Pastens, father and son to put up a log cabin. He also iiired Peter Laughrey to break an acre of prairie in the fall of 1837. Before he left the Territory he sold the claim to A. T. Russell, for $300. The first claim located in the township was in the spring of 1836 by Henry Pinckley, then living with Captain Clark, at Buf- falo. It was on section 12, where the town of D i.xon now stands, and called at that time Little Walnut Grove. About the same time George Washburne, another of Captain Clark's hands, lo- cated a claim at the east end of Big Walnut Grove, one mile south- west of Di.xon, on section 13. Ezra Allen and the Pastens hauled the logs together and put up the house in April, 1837. In the fall of 1816 John Heller located a claim in the grove on section 15. In the fall of 1836 or spring of 1837 Horace Wood located a claim on section 11, in the timber, and built a cabin on the bank of Walnut Creek, in the spring of 1837. and moved into it, his family being the first that settled in the township. Jacob Heller purchased the claim of Henry Pinckley in Little Walnut Grove in the fall of 1836, and in the spring of 1837 John Grace and M. C. Jacobs broke up some of the prairie on the north side of the creek, on section 12. This was the first breaking done in the township. A variety of produce was planted which yielded an abundant crop that summer. Mr. Heller moved on to the claim the last day of July, 1837, his son John and family going with liim, making three families in the township on the first of August, 1837. Those living in Liberty Township, Aug. 1, 1837, were Jacob Heller, wife, and daughters Elizabeth, Hannah and Harriet; John Heller, wife and son Jacob, and daughter Eleanor, now Mrs. Feigley; Horace Wood, wife, and two children; John G-race and Mark C. Jacobs, two young men who lately came from Ohio, who were at work for Mr. Heller. M. C. Jacobs located a claim on the northwest quarter of sec- tion 21, and lived there until his death in 1877. -John Grace lo- cated his claim in Allen's Grove Township, and lived there until his death in 1879. He was buried in the Dixon Cemetery. Horace Wood died many years ago, and nothing is known about his family by the old settlers. Jacob Heller and his wife both died in 1815, in the house that they first moved into at Little LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 1151 Walnut Grove, and are buried in the cemetery near by. Cornelia, wife of John Heller, died at Toronto, Clinton Co., March, 1S73, and was buried in the cemetery at Little Walnut Grove. Harriet Heller married Leroy Dutton, Jan. 1, 1844, and died in March, 1845. Of the 1.5 perdons in the township on the 1st of August, 1837, eight are known to be dead. There are living at the present time in the township, Mrs. Hannah Heller Parker. Mrs. Eleanor Heller Feigley and Mrs. Elizabeth Heller Haile. These are all that are left of the settlers of 1S37. The settlers of 1S3S were : John Trucky, wife, and son Abraham, and daughters Eleanor, Eliza- beth and Ruth; James Laughrey, wife and two children. John Trucky died at Toronto, Clinton Co., and was buried at that place. Eleanor and Ruth Trucky died near Di.xon, and were buried there. M. C. Jacobs was buried at Dixon. James Laughrey and wife died at Union Grove, years ago. In the summer ot 1S37 Mr. Heller broke considerable prairie and sowed the first fall wheat sown in the township. The seed was brought from McDonoagh Co., HI. I-AND SALES. The land in this section was advertised for sale at Dubuque in 1839, but the sale was adjourned until July, 1840. There was a meeting largely attended by the settlers along the Wapsipinecon held at the house of Jacob Heller, in June, 1840, for the purpose of self-protection at the sale. Resolutions were passed, and James Mc Intoih selected as bidder for Scott and part of Clinton Counties. This was necessary as but few had the money to pay for their land, and there were plenty of sharks ready to take their improvements. The plan was for the settlers to attend the sale en maese, give the number of his land to the bidder, and when the auctioneer called that number the bidder let it pass, but if a speculator was to bid, he was to be settled with on the spot. Only one had the temerity to bid on a claim belonging to another. The words had hardly passed his lips before he was lifted over the heads of the crowd and passed out of Iowa in a hurry, and when they pitched him on- Illinois soil he was in a demoralized condition. FIRST THINGS. In the summer of 1842 the citizens of Long Rock Creek and Posten's Grove united and built a log school-house on the west side of section 4, and near the banks of Long Creek. This was the first school-house in the township, and had split puncheon seats. Mary Parker, now Mrs. Walraven, of Wheatland, was the first teacher. Rev. Mr. Clienowith was probably the first to preach the gospel in the township. The first claim was made by Henry Pinckley. The family of Horace Wood was the first to perma- nently settle in the township. A daughter of Horace Wood was drowned in 1838, the first oeath in the township. The first break- 1152 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. ing was done on the claim of Jacob Heller. The first produce was raised by Jacob Heller. Jacob Heller also sowed the first fall wheat in the fall of 1837. Tlie first, parties married were James Haileand Elizabeth Heller and G. W. Parker and Hannah Heiler, March 13, 184-2. Kev. Mr. Chenowith performed the marriage service. At this time Mr. Chenowith boarded at the house of William Cook and was in charge of the Davcnp.irt circuit. He afterward married Hanr.ah Logan, daughter of Andrew Logan, editor of the Iowa Sun. He soon after quit preachins-, built a small house north of Duck Greek and tried farming. He then studied law, moved to Maquoketa, remained here a few years, then left for Oregon. His wife died on the way at Fort Kearney. Mr. Chenowith subsequently became judge in Washington Territory. EDUCATIONAL. As already stated, in the summer of 1842 the first attempt was made at the improvement of the mind by the establishment of a school near Posten's Grove. It was not much of a school but still was a beginning, out of which has grown the present excellent school system. Liberty Township has eight sub-districts, witli 365 children of school age, and an enrollment of 306. There are one stone and seven frame school-houses, the total value estimated at .$5,125. The town of Dixon is an independent district, having 105 pupils and an enrollment of 90, and a frame school-house valued at $2,000. RELIGIOUS. The religious element in the township is represented by Catho- lics, Christians. Congregationalists and Methodists, with churches at Dixon and Big Rock. VILLAGE OF DIXON. The village of Dixon was platted and plat recorded, April, 1S5-1-, by Jonathan Parker, for R. S. Dickenson. It was originally lo- cated on the southeast quarter of section 12, Liberty Township, but subsequent additions have extended it into Allen's Grove Town- ship, on a portion of section 7. Mr. Dickenson was a man of enterprise, and for a time gave his personal attention to the build- ing up of a thriving village. The location chosen was a good one, and at the time it was made was on the public highway between Davenport and the great Northwest. About the time he laid out the town, Mr. Dickenson started here a hotel for the accommodation of the traveling public, and a store for" the benefit of the inhabitants living in the vicinity. This was the first store and first hotel in the place. The village was of slow growth 'until 1870, when the railroad was completed to the place. It then took on a new lease of life, and for a time was in a very flourishing condition. LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 1153 The postofBce was established liere in 1S54, witli Mr. Dickenson as postmaster. He was succeeded by C. B". Snyder, who lieid the office about two years. In 1867, W. H. Ilickson received the ap- pointment, and has since been re-appointed every four years. His management of the office has been pleasing to its patrons.' In July, ISSO, it was made a money-order office, and the first order was drawn July 7, by Ole Bjlkan, in favor of Peter C. Bolkan, for the sum of $6. The elevator was erected in 1876, by a stock company, the prin- cipal shares being taken by the farmers in the community. Its entire cost was something over $1-J,000, and it is supplied with the latest improved machinery. It was built in a very substantial manner, and is conveniently arranged for the rapid liandling of all kinds of grain. 'Ill* The citizens of Dixon manifest great interest in the ])ublic schools of the place. A graded school is maintained, witli William M. Grace as principal, and Mrs. Jennie Grace as assistant. Prof. Grace has introduced many of the most improved Normal methods in the schools, greatly to the advantage of the pupils. The Christians and Methodists maintain public worship in the place, the former having a house of worship. In the spring of 1882 the village contained 250 inhabitants, with two general merchandise stores, one grocery, one hardware, one drug, four saloons, one machine shop, one hnnber yard, one agri- cultural implement store, four blacksmith shops, one meat market, one elevator, one furniture store, two stock dealers, two physicians, two shoemakers, one hotel, and a postoffice. VILLAGE OF BIG ROCK. This is a pleasant village, in the northeast part of the township , and was laid out by Peter Goddard, in July, 1855. Previous to this time a settlement had been made, and a start made in building up a new village. A stage route was located through here from Davenport to Anamosa, and a postoffice was established in 1853, with Eli Goddard as postmaster. He served until 1855, when Don C. Gates was appointed. Mr. Gates was succeeded in turn by G. W. Parker and George Goddard, and was re-appi)i:ited in 1865, and served until December, ISSl, when he resigned, and O. E. Wright was appointed. The first store started in the place was in 1853, before the town was platted. A Mr. Garrison was tiie pioneer in the mercantile trade. The first hotel was also established about tiie same time, by Peter Goddard, and known as the Big II )ck Hotel. The religious wants of the people are here supplied by the Con- grcgationalists and Catholics. The former organized a congrega- tion here as early as 1866, Rev. O. Emerson being the officiating minister. Nine persons signed the articles ot agreement — Isaac 1154 HISTORY OF SCOTT OOtJNTY. Fellett and wife, Orlando B. Clark and wife, Orson E. Wright and wife, Mrs. Orpha £. (xoddard, Mrs. Eliza B. Parsons and Ru- dolphus Bennett. Officers were not elected on its organization. The first holding the office of deacon were Josiah L. Perkins and Cyrus M. Parsons, who were appointed October 31, 1862. The first meetings of the congregation were held in the school-house. In 1868 they built their house of worship, 28x40, 16 feet high, at a cost of $2,500. A bell was subsequently put in at a cost of $140. Those serving as pastors were Eevs. J. R. Upton, S. N. Grant, George Smith, A. W. Allen, George Ritchie, T. Canfield, Rufus Apthorp, W. L. Coleman and A. Graves. Services are held every Sabbath, morning and evening, and a prayer-meeting and Sabbath- school are maintained. The- present deacons are OrsMi E. Wright and D. F. English. St. Patrick's Catholic Church .vas erected in lS75-'6, prior to which time services were held in private houses. Father Scallion held the first services here, and afterward Fathers Rice, Murphy and Smith. Father Brogan was the first after the house of wor- ship was erected. The building is a frame, 32x50 feet, and cost $1,600, in addition to some labor performed by various parties. The congregation commenced with four or five families, and now numbers 30. The Big Rock Creamery is one of the institutions of the place. It was established in the spring of 1880, by John A. Bassett and M. T. Blazer. About 400 pounds of butter are made dailj'. BIOGEAPHICAL. Jo/iti L. Andre was born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, Sept. 25, 1825, and is a son of Simon Andre, deceased. His grandfather, Philip Andre, settled in Columbiana County in a very early day, when the Indians were their nearest neighbors, and wild animals made the nights hideous. Mr. Andre came to Liberty Township in 1865. He now resides on seeticn 8 and owns over 400 acres of valuable land, besides 160 acres in Calhoun Co., la. He was married Oct. 15, 1846, to Miss Rachel Ann Taylor, a native ot Ohio. They had eight children, seven living — Mary J., William H., Racliel A., Abigail E., Jefterson, James F. and Elias A. Mr. Andre has been school treasurer for the past seven years. Henry Arp was born in Germany July 22, 1832. He came to America in 1846, landed at New Orleans, and came at once toJDav- enport on board a steamboat. He worked two years on a farm; after that he rented a farm and engaged in farming. He continued that for six years, and then bouglit 40 acres in Davenport Town- ship; stayed there six years, and sold out. In 1876 he bought 200 acres of land where he now lives, tlis farm is in a good state of cultivation. He mairied Catherena Buck, Dec. 2, 1860. From this union there are five cliildren — Alvina, born Sept. 20, 1861; Herman, Oct. 11, 1862; Adolphus, Dec. 23, 1863; Lizzie, LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 1155 July 23, 1870; Cliarles, Sept. 12, 1873. They are all living at home. Mr. Arp raises stock and grain of all kinds; he belongs to the Lutheran church, and in jiolitics he is a Ilejniblicaii. Riley C/iaj)man. son of Tracy and Polly (Rosier) Cha])inan, is a native of Onondaga Co., N. V He was born Oct. 12, 1813. Tracy Chapman was a sjldier in the war of 1812. Our suljject emigrated to Medina Co., Ohio, in 1838, where he engaged in farming until ISfiO, when lie came to this county and farmed until 1875, and then sold his farm. He was mariied in 1837 to Harriet Holcomb, by whom he has had eight children, seven living — James It., Grove L., Cliarles A., Harriet M., Marcus A., Mary E. ;md Louis A. One son, George H., died Jan 22, ISSO, at the age of 36. James R. and Grove L. were soldiers in the late war; James was in the 102d 111. Regiment, and Grove L. in the 33d 111. Regiment. The latter was wounded and draws a pension. James was with "Sherman to the sea." G. Cmcles is a native of New Haven Vm , Conn., and was born May 17, 1808. His parents were Oliver and Tempy (Atwater) Cowles, also natives of Connecticut; they removed with their family to Granville. N. Y., and located on a farm near that place. Gamaliel was educated in the Granville schools. In 1824 he re- moved to Crawford Co., Pa., and settled in Oil Creek Township. He engaged in tanning there until. 1832. when he removed to Seneca Cd.. Ohio, and farmed until 1867, when he came to Big Rock and bought the Peter Goddard larm, consisting of 400 acres, lying ])artly in Clinton County. He has also been keeping hotel in connection with farming since he located in Big Rock. He was married in 1832 to Miss Hannah Cornell, a native of Jefferson Co., Ohio. They have had nine children, of whom live are living, viz.: William H., Julia, Laura, Horace and Frank. John J., the second son. lost his life in the late war; he was a member of the 3d Ohio Cavalry. William H. was in the 100-day service. WilJiam Da/tms, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser, on sec- tion 34, Liberty Township, and the ])resent clerk of the township, was born in Prussia, Sept. 23, 1839, and is a son of David Dahms, who emigrated to this county in 1854, and settled in Blue Grass Township. Our subject came to this township in 1866, and pur- chased 160 acres on section 27. He owns 120 acres on section 34 and 194 acres just across the line in Cleona Townslii]>, making 470 acres in all. He was married, Feb. 24, 1862, to Miss Dina Brus, by wdiom he has seven children — Theresa, Charles, Willy, Clara, Ellen, Rosa and Henry. He has held the otRce of town- ship clerk for the jiast five years. Duer J. Elmer was born in Chenango Co., New York, Jan. S, 1828, and is a son of Ira and Nancy J. (Johnson) Elmer, the for- mer a native of Vermont, and the latter of New York. Mr. Elmer left his iiome at the age of 13, to battle for himself. At the age of 19 he embarked in a sea-faring life. He went around Cape Horn in a whaling ship to China, under Capt. Marshall in 1847; he was 1156 HISTORY OF SCOTT CODNTT. on tliissliip 17 months. He then went on a Peruvian coasting ves- sel tor one year; after whicli he embarked on an English brig, bound for Liverpool. He then sailed between Liverpool and Charles- ton, S. C, and Liverpool and New York. He then sailed on the great American Lakes for two years, and in the fall of 1S65 came to Liberty Township and located on section 10, where he owns 200 acres of line land. Mr. Elmer has labored hard, the fruits of which one can see only by observing his well-improved farm, his large house and barns. He was married June 13, 1857, to Miss Eliza J. Sellick, by whom he has six children — William A., Walter D., Theodore B., Edward J., Carrie M. and Ruth E. William and Walter are in the Griswold College of Davenport. Walter grad- uates with the degree of B. S. in the class of 1SS2, and AYilliam with the degree of A. B. in the class of 1SS3. Don C. Gates, the leading merchant of Big Rock, is a native of Castleton, Rutland Co., Vt., and was born Aug. 18, 1824; his parents were Elisha and Betsey (Kingsley) Gates, also natives ot Vermont. Mr. Gates received his education in the common schools and in the Troy Conference Academy, at Poultney, Vt., a Methodist school. He came to Big Rock in lS5i; the first 15 years he spent in farming, and also kept a hotel a portion of the time. He was the second postmaster at Big Rock, having received the appointment in 1856; he served two years, and was reappointed and has served in that capacity for 16 years. He was married March 21, 181:9, to Cornelia Hawkins, daughter of Joseph and Laura Hawkins; the latter is now living, and is over SO years old, in De Witt, L)wa. Mr. and Mrs. Gates have had 11 children — Velma, Albert, Peter, Nellie, Mary, Charles, Emma, Edgar and Don; two are deceased, viz.: Frederick and Harriet. Peter is resi- dent superintendent of the Eureka silver mines at Gunnison, Col.; Charles is in Texas; Albert is manager of H. M. Gil- christ's store at Rapids City, HI. Mr. Gates held the offices of justices of the peace, township clerk and assessor for many years and that of county supervisor two years. He has h^en a member of the Sons of Temperance for the past 34 years. Hans Gottsch, section 19, Liberty Township, is a native of Hol- stein, Germany, and was born March 23, 1837. His father, Peter Gottsch, died wlien our subject was quite small, and he was com- pelled to work hard for his own subsistence. He came to this county in 1854, and worked as a farm hand for two years; he then bought a team of oxen and broke prairie one season, when he pur- chased some prairie land in Cleona Township; this he improved and farmed for four years, when he removed to Davenport Town- ship, where he remained on a farm three years. He then removed to Winfield Township. He afterward lived two years in Blue Grass Township, and tour years in Cleona Township, when he purchased a farm of 142 acres on sections 19 and 20, Liberty Township, where he now resides, and is engaged in farming and stock-raising. He was married in 1860 to Miss Anne Schlapkohl, by whom he has had LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 1157 nine children, eiu;lit livino; — Henry, Emma, Willy, Mina, Rudolph, Georsje, Laura and Edward. Mr. Gott. He was reared on his father's farm and educated in the common school and at Iowa City Academy. His father, George Grace, deceased, was born in Tyrone Co., Ireland, Sept. 1, 1813, and was a son of Francis Grace, who emigrated to New Brunswick when George was quite small; thence to Harrison Co., Ohio. He was married Dec. 6, 1838, to Nancy Fawcett, by whom he had 10 children; of these, seven are living, viz.: Margery, Francis C, Henry, John, Alex- ander, Mary E., and Geo. Eddie. One son, Matthew L., died May 8, 1881, aged 28 years. Francis and Henry were soldiers for the Union in the late war; the former in Company C, 11th Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and Henry was in the 2d Iowa Cavalry. Mr. Grace died June 22, 1869. He was a worthy member of the M. E. church. Mrs. Grace is also a member of the same church. liev. Alj)/teus Graven, jiastor of the Big Rock Congregationalist Church, was born in Sunderland. Mass., March 15, 1815, and is a son of Alphens (Graves, also a native of Massachusetts. He was reared on his father's farm, and educated at Union College, New York. He graduated in theology in 1841, from the Theological Institute of Connecticut, then located at East Windsor, but now at Hartford. Mr. Graves was installed into the ministry Nov. 11, 1841, in Halifax, Vt., where he remained as pastor of the Halifax Congregational Church for 10 years. He afterward was pastor of the church at Edgewood, Iowa, Iowa Falls, and other places in Iowa and Minnesota. In September, 1881, he came to JBig Rock. He was married Nov. 1. 1841, to Miss Fannie Goodell, by whom he has had three children — Herbert W., Fred A. and Walter E. Willuim Jl. nickison, an old settler of Scott County, was born in Monn)Outh Co., N. J., Nov. 6, 1832, and is a son of John and Edith (Shumard) Hickson, natives of New Jersey, who removed with their family to Davenpart in August, 1830. The fol- lowing spring the}' removed to a farm in Rockingham Township, 1158 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. wliere they remained three years, when they moved to Buf- falo Township, 10 miles below Davenport. Alter two years' resi- dence in Buffalo, tliey removed to a farm on the old telegraph road, five miles west, of Davenport. In 1850 they came to Liberty Township. The country then was moitly wild prairie, there being but one house betrt'een the Five Mile House and Allen's Grove. Mr. Ilickson was married in 1859, to Miss Emeliue, daughter of Thomas Graham. Thew have had eight children, of wliom four are living — William, Carrie, Lillian and John. Our subject was a soldier during the late war, in Company C, 2d Iowa Cavab-y. His three brothers, James, Joseph, and George, also in the war. James died at Vicksburg from a mortal wound. Mr. Hickson held the office of township trustee for Liberty Township for four years, and was appointed postmaster for Di.xoa in 1867, which position he still holds. He also runs a grocery store in connection with the otfice. He is Junior Warden of the Masonic Lodge at Wheatland, Iowa. Joseph lliclvon was born in Monmouth Co., N. J., Nov. 13, 1836. When the war broke out he enlisted in the Ninth Illinois Cavalry, in which he served three years, and participated in the battles of Tupelo, West Point, Guntown, and others. He was married Dec. 27, 1866, to Mary M., daughter of John J. Trucks, who came to Scott County in 1836. They have four children — Charles L., Frederick, Mar}' £. and Sarah E. Mr. Hickson resides on section 10, Liberty Township; owns 120 acres of valuable land, and is engaged in farming and stock-raising. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., of Dixon, and is one of the township trustees. John Hickson, deceased, the father of the above, was born in New Jersey, April 21:, 1808. He came to this county in 1839. He remained in Davenport until the following spring, when he removed to a farm. He was married Sept. 8, 1831, to Editli A. Shumard, by whom he had 11 children; of these eight are living — William IL, Joseph, Lydia A., George, John F. , Caroline, Marietta and Edith; one son, James, was killed at the battle of Champion Hills, a member of the 24th Iowa Infantry. Ant07i Hoepnei\ an enterprising young merchant of New Lib- erty, was born in Ilolstein, Germany, Jan. 25, 1S52, and is a son of Jerry Hoepner, deceased. He came to Cook Co., III., in 1870, and to St. Louis in 1874. He remained at the latter place for one year, and while there lost his left hand b}' blasting rock in a well. He came to Scott County in 1875. He spent a portion of his time in Cedar Co., la. He peddled goods through the country for four years, and in April, 1880, established a general store in N ew Liberty, where he does a good business. He v/as married February, 1880, to Miss Lena Hagge, daughter of A. Hagge, of Cedar County. Mark C. Jacobs, deceased, was born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., Feb. 9, 1813. His father was Richard Jacobs, a native of Penn- sylvania. Mark received a limited education. He came to Ohio in 1834, and to Scott County in 1837. He worked here as a farm LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 1159 laborer, and broke the lirst pniiiie in Liberty Township for Jacob Heller, the first settler in that townshij). In 1839 lie entered 80 acres on section 22, and the same number in Walnut Grove. He settled on this land in 1840, and was there en<>;aged in farming and stock-raising until his death, which occurred July 24, 1877. He was married Aug. .1, 18-10, to Lois Grace, a daughter of Michael Grace, who came to this county in 1839, from Ohio. At that time there was only one house between Hickory Grove and Davenport. They had to goto Illinois to mill. Mr. and Mrs. Mark Jacobs had a family of eight children, seven living, viz.: George W., ISarah A., Melissa A., Eliza, Augustus D., Mary E. and Lota. When Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs came to their present liome, they had to move on a sled drawn by oxen. Tiicy had no stove, had three chairs and a few dishes. There was a hole dug under tiie floor of their cabin for a cellar. By toiling early and late, they cleared their land and made for themselves a comfortable home. Mr. Jacobs was one of the prominent men of the county, and his loss was deeply felt by the community. Oeorge II. Jacohfi was born in Liberty Township, this county, ^fov. 2, 1841, and is a son of Mark C. Jacobs, deceased, whose sketch appears in this work. Mr. Jacobs is the eldest of eight chil- dren. He was reared on his father's farm, and attended the common schools. He was always engaged in farming until within the past three years, since which time he has been dealing in stock. He was a soldier for the Union in the late war three years, and served in Company C, 20th Iowa Infantry. He participated in the battles of Prairie Grove, siege of Vicksburg, Fort Morgan, Fort Blakelj', and others. lie was married Jan. 1, 1874, to Miss Emma Pen- nington, daughter of Eli Penninaton, deceased. They have four children— Sadie E.. George E.. Edith E. and Mark C. Thomas Keteh>''n, son o'" Peter Ketelsen, of Dixon, was born in Ilolstein, Germany, Aug. 18, 18.51. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of that place. Accompanied by his ])arents ho came to tlie United States in 18C1. He wasmar- ried in 1874 to Laura 8teften, of German birth. Their children are Rosa and Peter Ketelsen. Mr. Ketelsen owns 200 acres of rich land on section 35. He is one of the prominent grain-growing and stock-breeding farmers of the county. He has seen the vari- ous changes whicli Scott County has undergone, from an uncul- tivated ]>rairie to one of the finest grain-producing counties in the State. ThnntJiy Killeen is a native of Roscommon, Ireland, and was born in the month of June, 1840. His father, Timothy Killeen, died in Ireland, and our subject came with his mother to Woonsocket, R. I., in 1850. He went to Kentucky in 1853, and to this county in 1856, settling in Liberty Township. He was married in November, 1804, to Bridget Learv, by whom lie has three chil- dren — Bernard, John and Mary A. Mr. Killeen and family are members of tlie Catholic church at Big Rock. He resides on sec- 1160 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY, tion 4; owns 82 acres of land here and 160 acres on section 16. Business, farming and stock-raising. John Klahn, the subject of this sketch, is a native of Holstein, Germany, and was born May 19, 1844. His father, John Klahn, came with liis family to this county in 1857. Mr. Klahn worked as a hired farm hand for nine years, then rented land for eight years, and in 1878 purchased 80 acres on section 19, Liberty Township, where he is engaged in general farming. He was mar- ried in 1871 to Miss Mary Clausen, a native of Holstein. They have had three children — Mina, Agnes and Johanas, (deceased.) frajicis H. Le Claire was born on the Bird farm, near Daven- port, March 8, 1842. His father was A. D. Le Claire, half-brother to Antoine- Le Claire, the first settler in Davenport. The family moved to this city when Francis H. was quite small. He was reared and educated here. He ran as pilot on the river from 1857 to 1861, then enlisted in the war in Co. B, 8th Iowa Inf., being the only one of that name who served in the LTnion army. He participated in tlie battles of Shiloli, Springfield, Vicksburg, Island No. 10, Corinth, luka, Arkansas Post and others. He piloted on the •' Charley Mc Doiigall," a Government hospital boat, 23 months of his service. From Shiloh to Corinth lie was under lire 27 days in succession, but he kept the colors llj'ing all through that campaign. Since leaving the service he has kept a livery stable and dealt in liorses. He has been twice married; first in 1866 to Dora, daughter ot Capt. Henry White, by whom he had one child — Georgia. Mrs. Dora Le Claire died July 19, 1870. In 1877 he married his second wife, Mabel Hoyt, of Maine. They have three children — Bertie, Mabel and Frank II. Hic/def I,unscAe/i was born in Oldenburg, Germany, Feb. 7, 1840, and is a son of Frederick Lunschen, a native of the same place. He was brought up on a farm and received a common- school education; aLo attended for some time the college of Obel- gonne. He came to Davenport in 1868, purchased 320 acres ot land in Liberty Townsiiip, to which he removed the same fall. This land is located on section 20, and is still occupied by our subject, where he is engaged in farming and stoclc raising. He was mar- ried in 1868, just prior to leaving for America, to Miss Sophia, daughter of Frederick Volkmann. They have had eight children, but three of whom are living, viz.: Cliarles, Paulina and Ricklef. The names of the deceased were — Anne, Lena, Helena, Sophia and Frederick. Four of these died in 1881, within the space of three months and six days, two of scarlet fever and two of brain lever. George Mewes was born in Holstein, Germany, June 19, 1825. His father, George Mewes, was also born in Holstein. He came to Scott County in 1853. For three years lie worked as a hired hand, when he bought a farm in Butler Township. He now resides on section 18, Liberty Township, and is engaged in fanning and stock-raising. He owns 179 acres, besides some timber land; was married in 1852, to Anne Kragen, by wliom he had one child, LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 1161 and he was again married to Anne (Jornelius. Tlicy have three children, — Katie, Hans, and Augusta James M. Mitchell, son of Abie! and Sarah Mitchell, ?i«e Ling- liain, is a native of llutiand Co., Vt., and was reared on a farm, and educated in the graded schoids of Salisbury and Pittsfield, Vt. lie went to Albany, N. Y., in IS45, and clerked in hi.s brother Henry's store until 1848, wiien he came to Scott County. After arriving here he engaged in school-teaching some nine years. lie was married Jan. 26, 1S50, to Matilda S., daughter of Revilo ^'oble. She was born in Beniungton Co., Vt., and came with iier parents to this county when a sm.ill child. Mr. Mitchell located in Big Rock, Liberty Township in 1871, where he was station agent for the C, M. & St. P. II. R. Co. for seven and one-half years. He is a faithful worker in the cause of temperance, and an active member of the Congregational church at Big Rock. Peter F. Mohr. Alt'.iough not an old settler of Scott County, Mr. Mohr deserves a mention in our county history. He was born in Ilolstein, Germany, May 23, 182G, and is a son of Peter Mohr, Sr. lie came to this county in 1872, and now owns 1(J0 acres of val- uable land on sections S and 17, Liberty Township. He is en- gaged in farming and stock-raising, at present on the Peter Wheeler ^arm. He was married in 1852, to Miss H. Thompson, by whom lie had si.\ children, live living — -John H., Maggie, Alfred, Theo- dore and Herman. The deceased's name was Emma. Mr. Mohr was a soldier for Ilolstein and Schleswii; during the war with Den- mai'k in 1848, and held the rank of lieutenant. Henry Petersen, a son of John P. Petersen, was born in Ilolstein, Germany, Oct. 29, 1828. He obtained an education in the public schools of that place. He came to Scott County and located in Davenport in 185(5. He went to Illinois and remained there two years, then returned to this county, where he has resided since. He was married in 1854, in his native country, to Wheapky Klink. They have five children — Maggie (now the wife of John Ohdie), George, Charley, Mary and Katie. Mr. Petersen is the owner of a large farm of 400 acres on section 26, this township, which is under good improvement, and well stocked. He is one of Liberty Township's most enterprising and energetic citizens. Fred A. Quisforf, section 25, Liberty Township, was born in Holstein, Germany, Nov. 28, 1835, and is a son of Ludwiir A. Quistorf, who came from Germany in 1850, and settled iti Blue Grass Township, Scott County,, where he purchased 40 acres of land for $200. After taking three crops from it he sold it for $1,200. For three vears our subject worked as a common laborer on the farm. He was married in December, 1860, ti) Miss Helen Steflen, daughter of Joachim Steffen, who emigrated from Ger- many to America with his family in 1858. Mr. and Mrs. Quistorf have had eight children, six livin^', — Anne A., Ferdinand A., Ele- nora IL, Emma A., Minnie M. and Meta A. Mr. Quistorf is at present justice of the peace for Liberty Township, and county 1162 HISTORY OF scorr county. supervisor. He has also held the office of township trustee tor several years. Our subject is a member of the A. O. U. W., in good standing. He owns 160 acres of valuable land where he resides, besides SO acres in Cleona Township, and is engaged in farming and stock-raising. Henry t. Quistorf, a native of Holstein, Germany, was born Feb. 26, 1838. His father, Ludwig Quistort, a native also of that place, came to the United States with his family, and located in Blue Grass Townshi]) in 1850. Scott County was then in its in- fancy; its bioad and fertile prairies were unbroken, and were the liomes ot deer and wolves, but these hardy pioneers went to work with strong hearts and willing hands, and cleared the land and cultivated the soil. Mr. Ludwig Qui&torf died in Blue Grass Township at the age of 6^ years. The family came to Allen's Grove Township in 1857, and settled on section 25, where they now own a finely cultivated farm, large barn and granary, and a comfortable home. Henry Quistorf married Louisa Pardy Dec. 3, 1861. She was born in Hanover, Germany. They have had eight children, seven survive, viz.: Ilermann, Amelia, Theresa, Amanda, Josephine, Anne, and Adolph. They also have adopted his brother Bernhardt Quistorfs son, Julius. Mr. Henry Quis- torf has held the offices of trustee, constable, and school directoi-. Michael Rasjp is a son of John Hasp, deceased, and the eldest * of eight children, viz.: Michael, Mary, Margaret, Ellen. Eliza, John, Bridget, and Thomas. He was born in Canada West, in Marcli, 1826, and came to this county with his parents in 1849. He was married in 1859 to Mary O'Neil, by whom he has four children, Hannah, Mary A., Theresa and Margaret. Mr. Rasp resided in Scott County until 1860, when he located just acioss the line in Clinton County, on section 32, Spring Rock Township. He owns in the two counties 140 acres of land. John Hasp, section 5, Liberty Township, is a native of Canada West, and was born in December, 1837. His father, John Rasp, a native of Germany, was a soldier for England, and came to Canada as such in 1812. He afterward obtained 100 acres of land there as a reward for his services to the I5ritish government. The family ren^oved to this county in 1849, and settled on section 5, Liberty Township, where our sui^ject now resides, and is engaged in farming and raising stock. In 1864 Mr. Rasp, being of a rov- ing nature, went to Montana, remaining in Virginia City 18 months. He then traveled through Idaho and Wyoming. He pursued Willard Barress' trail to Walla Walla; tlien around through Oregon and back to Salt Lake City. lie was eye witness to many Indian depredations, yet himself was never molested. He was within 10 miles of Fort Julesburg when it was burned, and had been at the fort in the evening just a few hours previous to its being fired by the savages. Mr. Rasp was a soldier in the miners' expedition to drive the Indians from the mines. He returned to hie home in 1865. LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 1163 Christian Schwien, born in Holstein. German}', Nov. 7, 1824, was a son of Henry Scliwicn, also of that country. Christian was married there to Mary D. Ausborn in li<54. They liave had si.x chihlren, four livinir. viz. : Emma (married Henry Reinhold), Rudolph, Gustav and Charley. The subject of this memoir was educated in the common schools of his native country. Soon after his marriage lie came to the United States and located in Daven- port, Iowa, where he remained tive years. He came to Liberty Township in lSo9, rented land until 1S66, then boiight a farm of 80 acres in section .30. He now owns 120 acres of iine larming land; has a large barn 36 x 44 feet, and a good house ou his farm. His wife died Sept. 19, 1881; his mother died in Davenport, Dec. 8, 1881. Mr. Schwien has been school director three years. Charles E. Shaw, farmer and stock-raiser, section 2, Liberty Township, was born in Oneida Co., New York, Dec. 6, 1828, and is a son of Anthony and Sophia (Spinning) Shaw, also natives of New York. He was brought up ou his father's farm and attended a subscription school, which was taught in a log cabin, with a huge fire place in one end of the cabin, board desks (which were fastened to the wall by wooden pins), slab seats and puncheon floor, and one house had a dirt floor. The family came to Lee Co., Iowa, in 1843. In 1S4S he went to Lake Co., 111., and to this county in 1853. He tir.st settled in Dixon and engaged in farming for nine years, when he removed to his present farm. He was married Oct. 27, 1851, to Experience Buck, daughter of Steplien Buck; she is a native of Canada. They had 10 children, eight living — Martin, George, Jeannette, Anthony, Julius, Minnie, Lizzie and Edna; one daughter, Mary, was four years old when she died, the other, Emma C, wife of George Fouke, died Nov. 15, 1880; they had one child, Florence E. Mr. and Mrs Shaw are members of the Christian church. William I*. Smallfield was born in Holstein, Germany, Sept. 8, 1828. His father, James Smallfield, also a native of that place, came with his son "William to Coimectieut in 1846. He was a tanner .by trade, and our subject learned that trade when a boy. In 1848 they came to Scott County and located in Davenport, where Will- iam worked tor Harvey Leonard, the present sheriff", two years. In 1850 he went with ox teams across the plains to California, and was engaged in mining there four years, then returned to this county and kept a store in Davenport some years. In 1873 he came to Liberty Township and purchased 80 acres in section 23, and 80 acres in section 24, where he now resides. He married Mary Steiidiilber in 1854. They have had eight children, three deceased; the living are Adolph, Frank, John, Charlie and Eddie. Mr. Smallfield has his farm of 160 acres under cultivation, and is extensively engaged in farming and breeding stock. Calvin'B. Snyder was born in Huron Co., Ohio, May IS, 1838. He came with his parents in November, 1846, to Allen's Grove Township, where they labored hard to make a farm; this was be- 67 1164 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. fore Iowa became a State. They lived in a small log cabin, which had previously been built on the land; our subject was active in assisting the (rovernment during the war; he was commissioned 2d Lieutenant by Governor Stone, and he raised recruits and drilled them at home for service. Mr. Snyder was married Feb. 1, 1863, to Miss Harriet J. Haile, daughter of James Haile, an early settler of Liberty Township. They have had nine children — Charles D., James S., John F., Ella, Sarah E., Harry H., Henry B., Lee H. and Rudolph. Mr. Snyder has held the offices of assessor, justice of the peace, constable several years, and has been president of the School Board of Liberty Township almost constanth' since he was old enough to hold office; is a member of the Good Tem])lars. He resides on section 12, Liberty Township, owns 241 acres of land and is engaged in farming and stock-raising. Simon Snyder, the father of the above, was born in Northampton Co., Pa., Oct. 9, 1806. He learned the tanner's trade when young; he renmved to Tomp- kins Co., New York, in 1820, and to Huron Co., Ohio, in 1S34, and as above stated, to this county in November, 18-46. He was mar- ried in December, 1827, to Susan Jacobs, by whom he had seven children, live living — Ephraim, Rudolph, Caliou B., Daniel and John; the deceased, Roswell B. and Richard J., were drowned in the " Wapsie " while bathing. Mrs. Snyder died in Decem- ber, 1873, and he again married, Oct. 10, 1875, this time to Jennie Negus. August Treimer was born Nov. 4, 1843, in Holstein, Germany. He was reared on a farm and attended school in Germany until 1865, when he emigrated (o this country and located in Scott County, where he rented a farm of 160 acres on section 24, Lil>erty Township. After renting four j-ears he bought this farm, which is now under a high state of cultivation and well stocked. He is one of the representative farmers of Libert}' Township, and an enter- prising citizen. He was married in January, 1879, to Sophie Cruse. Tj them have been born two children — Emma and Annie. Paul Treimer, father of August, resides in Cleona Township. He is a native of Germany. Henry Thielvoldt is a native of Holstein, Germany, and was born in 1849. Ill 1853 he emigrated with his parents to America and came at once to Davenport. lie attended school in this city until 1872, when he went to Muscatine Co., Iowa, and engaged in farming there two vears; then rented the farm which he now owns, until 1881, whH{i he bought it. He has his farm under good cultivation, and well stocked. He was married on the 8th of December, 1872, to Abie Puck. Their union has been blessed with three children — Johami;!.. b irn April 5, 1873; Willie, April 2, 1875, and Amanda, March 14 1879. Mr. Thip,voldt is a member of the Presbj terian church, HTi 1 in politics is a Republican. IJenry Van Bergen was born in Holstein, Germany, Jan. 7, 1848, and i^ a son of John Van Bergen, also a native of Holstein. He WHS hr. Might up on a farm and attended the public schools of LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 1165 Holstein. He came to this county in Aui^ust, 1S70. lie worked as a farm hand for six yeais, tlien engaged in business for himself at New Liberty. He is proprietor of the New Liberty dance hall, and of the saloon. The liall is 30 feet wide and 42 feet long. He was married in ISZ'J to Miss Lena Trode, daughter of John Trede, deceased, who came to this county about 28 years ago. Ificholas White, an enterprising farmer of Liberty Township, is a native of Kilkenny, Ireland, and was born in August, 1819. He came to New York State in 1S4S, remaining there until 1852; then to Columbus, Ohio, where he worked in Kidgeway & Kimball's car factory for two years. Mr. White is a wagon-maker by trade. He came to this county in 1855, aild established a wagon shop in Dixon, which he ran for 10 years. He then located on a farm on section lii, Liberty Township, where he now resides. The land was then wild prairie. He has worked hard and has his land now well improveii, of which he owns 200 acres, besides 80 acres in Louisa Co., Iowa. He was married in December, 1849, to Miss Alice McDonald, by whom he has had nine children; six of these are living-Julia, Thomas, Edward, Katie, Bridget and James. One son, Daniel, died at the age of 15 years. The family belong to the Catholic church at Big Rock. Orson E. Wright, the popular druggist of Big Rock, is a son of Edward and Anna ( Schutt ) Wright, and was born in Berkshire Co., Mass., July 11, 1830. He was brought up on a farm and received a common -school education. His fatlier was a mill- wright, and our subject early learned the use of tools. He came to Huron Co., Ohio, in 1851, where he worked at the cabinet- maker's and carpenter's trade until 1854, when he came to this county. He engaged in farming for several years, and in 1872 established a drug store in Big Rock. He also keeps a full line of notions, school-books, wall-paper, etc., and is doing a good business, Mr. Wright was married in September, 1851, to Miss Julia A. Mead, daughter of Jesse H. Mead. She was also born in Berkshire Co., Mass. Both are members of the Congregational church at Big Rock, of which he is deacon. LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. Lincoln was one of the last organized townships in the county, its corporate existence dating from 1866. Like all other prairie townships, the land was not entered until all the timber was dis- posed of, and settlements were not so early made. The township comprises township 79, range i east, save one tier of sections on the east. EARLY SETTLEKS. Robert Criswell came from Pennsylvania in 18i4, and located in Long Grove, where he resided three years, and then moved to what is now Lincoln Township. He was the first settler in the township. He improved a farm on section 23. In 1S67 he moved to Princeton, in this county, and there died, July 22, ISSl, being 81 years of age. William H. Jones came to this county in 1849. He is a native of Wales. Mr. Jones improved the east half of section 23, where he now resides. Eldad Scott, from Indiana, came- in 1851, and improved on section 27. Both himself and wife are now dead. H. E. Mason settled in 1S50, on section 35. He came from the State of New York, and remained here until 1859, when he moved to Missouri. He has since become a Methodist preacher. M. J. Rohlfs, now county treasurer, settled in Lincoln Township in 1850. In 1853 came Peter N. Lau, who located on section 29; J. Schuckloth, section 17; Henry Mueller, section 20; and Hans Plagmann, section 32. From this time forward the township settled quite rapidly, the names of parties it would therefore be impossible to give. Tne first birth in the township was Ellen, daughter of William H. Jones, who was born in 1850. She is still living. The tirst marriage was that of Mr. Scott and Mary Ann Cris- well. They now reside in Jasper Co., la. The first death remembered by P. B. Criswell was that of Caro- line Stacy, aged about 12 years, who died in 1854. The first school-house was built on section 23, and was known as the Jones school-house The first school was taught by J. O. Jameison. The house was burned down a few years since, and another erected in its stead. The township as a school district has eight sab-districts, with 324 pupils of school age, and an enroll- ment of 273. It has also eight frame school-houses, with an aver- age value of $1,200, or a total of $9,600. The first religious services were held in the Jones school-house in the winter of 1S53-4, by Rev. Mr. White. There is now but one religious denomination represented by an organization — the (1166) LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 1167 Summit Presbyterian Church, which was organized July 6, 1858, by Kev. J. D. Mason, assisted by Kev. J. M. Jones and Elder James Jack. Previous to this time services were held tirst at tlie house of William Yocum. Those signing the Articles of Covenant on organization were David II. Moore, Mrs. Caroline Moore, Will- iam Walker, Mrs. Maria Walker, Miss Emily Cadwallader, Miss Eliza C. Walker, AVilliam Yocum, Mrs. Sarali Yocum, Mrs. Rachel Dapp, Miss Amy Ella Yocum, Y. K. Torrence, Mrs. Catherine Torrence, John Walker, Martha Ann Walker, John McMonegal, Mrs. Elizabeth McMonegal, Mrs. Catherine Moore, Benjamin Sny- der, John Port, Levi Reddick. Mrs. Margaret Proudfoot, Mrs. Elizabeth Crisswell, Mrs. Mary Ann Le Grange, Robert English, Mrs. Esther English, James M. English, Mrs. Sarah Jane English — a total ot 28. On organization, Robert English, D. H. Moore, V. R. Torrence were elected elders. A house of worsiiip was erected on the north line of section 25 in 1S5S, at a cost of $1,200. The building is frame, 32 x 40 feet. Those serving as pastors since organization were Revs. J. D. Mason, Hugh Barclay, R. L. Adams, C. R. Yon Emraan, H. Bishop, C. P. Spinning and N. Williams; the latter the present incumbent, who has associated with him in thegovernment of the congregation, Samuel McDowell,Will- iam Walker and John ^loore. elders. Since organization 176 persons have been connected with the congregation, 110 of whom have been dismissed by letter, 21 died; present membership 40. At the same time the congregation was formed, a Sunday-school was organized, which has been in active existence from that time to the present. Its first superintendent was Robert English. The following named are the present officers of the school: Samuel Mc- Dowell, Superintendent; Assistant Superintendent. A. J. Greene; Secretary, J. C. Walker; Librarian, Blair Kepler. Lincoln Township is bounded on the east by Le Claire, on the west by Sheridan, on the north by Butler and the south by Pleas- ant Valley Townships. No tiner body of land can be found in Scott County, and evidences of thrift are seen upon everj' hand. BIOGRAPHICAL. A history of the people of a country is a history of the country it self. For this reason is here given sketches of many of the most prominent citizens of the township: Delter Arp was born in Holstein, Germany, Jan. 1, 1831, where he lived until he was 22 years ot age, when he emigrated to the United States, landing in Xew Orleans, July, 1S53. He came to Davenport and worked on a farm some time; then helped to build the road from Davenport to Warcourt, after whicii he worked for different parties until he rented a farm in Sheridan Township. Soon after he purchased SO acres of land in Lincoln Township, to which he has since added 80 acres, making a fine farm of 160 acres, where he now resides. lie was married tj Burtlui Weise in March, 1865. She was born in Holstein, Germany, and was a daughter of 1168 HISTOKY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Hans and Anna (Peipel) Weise. Mr. and Mrs. Arp have had a family of ei»ht children, two living, viz. : Hans and Adorf The parents of Delter Arp were Clans and Ewoltd (Awoltd) Arp, of German nativity. They had eight children. Mr. Dalter Arp came to this country a poor boy; could not speak one word of English, and to say that he is to-day one of Lincoln Township's most enterprising ftirmers, is sufficient to show what hard work and perseverance has accomplished. He has held many local offices of trust in his township, having been elected supervisor and school director. William Barr was born near Indiana Town, Pa., Bee. 16, 1816. He lived there on his father's farm until Nov. 10, 1813, when he was married to Ellen Davis, who was born in Ohio, and a daughter of Samuel and Susan Davis, nee Elliott, natives of the Keystone State. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Barr lived in Pennsyl- vania until 1818, wlien they removed to Miami Co., Ohio, where he followed farming some five years. In June, 1819, Mrs. Barr died, having been the mother of one child, who died in infancy. After his wife's death Mr. Barr lived one year on the farm, then engaged in the milling business, which he continued in until July, 1861. He was married the second time to Mahala Redman, July 5, 1853. She was born in Huntingdon Co., Pa., and was a daughter of Samuel and Esther Redman, nee Rench. In July, 1861, Mr. and Mrs. Barr came to Iowa, and resided in Davenport a few years, when they moved on to the farm where they now reside, on section 27, this township. Mr. Barr has a tarm of 120 acres under a high state of cultivation. He and wife are members of the Presbyterian church, and the parents of eight children, five living, viz.: Scott W., Fannie E., Canada B., Rosa E. and J. Florrence. Mr. Barr's parents were Thomas and Elizabeth (Evans) Barr, natives of Penn- sylvania. The former died in November, 1860; the latter In 1819 or '20. Politically Mr. Wm. Barr is a Republican, and has held the offices of supervisor and school director of this township. IritzBostian, son of Yocum and Mary Bostian (the former died in America in 1868, the latter in 1875), was born near Plan, Ger- man}', Jan. 1, 1822. He came to the United States when 27 years of age; landed at Quebec, Canada, then came to Chicago, from there went to New Orleans; worked in Mississippi and Louisiana, until 1852, when he came to Davenport, la. ; worked for different parties for two years, then bought a farm of SO acres in Butler Township, where he remained until 1867, when he sold his farm and purchased 160 acres in Lincoln Township, his present residence. His land is worth $75 an acre, and is well improved. He is one of the repre- sentative farmers of Scott County. He was married in June, 1856, to Frederica Shultz. She was born in Germany. They have two children, viz.: Anna M. married John Peters, and lives on a farm in this township, and Laura. In politics Mr. B. is a Republican. Benjamin Crlswell was born near Lewiston, Pa., June 18, 1819. "When he was 13 years of age his parents moved to Blair County LINCOLN TOWNSniP. 1169 and settled on a farm near Williamsburg, lie was married bere to Catbarine Eiielblute, Marcb 12, 1S42. Sbe is a native of Blair County, and a duigbter ofJacjb and Rebecca (Crocket) Edelblute, wlio were natives of tbe Keystone State, lie died in 1861. JUr. and Mrs. Benjamin Criswell remained in Blair County until 1852, wben be came to Iowa, wbere be purcbased 80 acres of land in Lin- coln Townsbip, to wbicb be bas since added 182 acres, making a fine farm of 262 acres, wbere be now resides. To Mr. and Mrs. Cris- well bave been born tbree cbildren, viz.: Orlando B. (wbo was married Jan. 24, 1877, to Mattie Bircbard, a native of Scott County, and a daugbter ot George and Eiizabetb (Stockwell) Bircbard. Sbe is a member of tbe Cbristian Cliureb, and tbe motberof one cbild — Sidney Criswell), Asberry Criswell (wbo married Dora Moore), and Orvilie Criswell (wbo married Flora Hart, a daugbter of Hiram and Mary Hart, and resides in Crawford Co., Iowa). Robert Cris- well, fatber of Benjamin, was born in MitUin Co., Pa., and died June 22, 1880. His wife, Mary A. McElvain, was born at tbe same place, and was tbe mother of 12 children, f)ur living, viz.: Mary A., wife of James Scott; Margaret, wife of Sam Scott; William and tbe subject of this sketch. Tbe mother died in Pinceton Township, this county, in November, 1867. Mr. Benjamin Criswell is one of tbe leading stock and grain-growers in this county. He has held various local offices in tbe townsbip. In politics he is a Djtnocrat. Ashurij S. Criswell was born Jan. 10, 184-7, near S])ringfield Furnace, Pa. His ]>arents came to Iowa wben be was five years old, and settled on the farm wbere his fatber now lives, in Lincoln Townsbip. He was married to Eldora T. Moore, Feb. 22, 1S75 ; sbe was born in Galena, 111., and was a daugbter of David Moore, a native of Ireland, and Martha (Hood) Moore, born in Pittsburg, Pa. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Asbury Criswell moved on tbe farm wbere they now reside, in Lincoln Townsbi]>. Tbree cbildren bave been born to tliein, one living — Benjamin H., horn July 11, 1880. Mrs. Criswell is a member of tbe Presbyterian cburcb. Benjamin Criswell, tbe fatber of Asbury S., was born in Pennsylvania in 1819; bis wife Catbarine (Edelbute) Criswell was born also in Pennsylvania. The subject of this sketch has his farm of 50 acres all under improvement and valued at $75 an acre. He was appointed towu clerk in 1875 and reelected to this otfice five years in succession. He votes tbe Democratic ticket. John D op p. son of John and Rebecca (Kylor) Dopp, tbe former a native of Virginia, and the bitter of Pennsylvania, was born on a farm near Huntingdon, Pa., July 19, 1833. His tatberdied when lie was five years old and be went to live with bis uncle, near Williamsburg, Pa. When be was 13 years old be resolved to go to work on his own responsibility. He worked in a brickyard one season and for difierent ]iarties until 20 years of age, when he rented a farm for two years near Huntingdon, at tbe expiration of wliicli time he rented another farm near tbe same locality. He was here married to Margaret Irwin, March 27, 1857 ; she was a native 1170 HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. of Frankstown, Pa., born Dec. 5, 1S34, andwas a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Rhule) Irwin, the farmer a native of CountjDerry, Ireland, the latter of Blair Co., Pa. Ot their family of 11 children eiglit are living, viz. : William, John, Mr.-. Sarah Mc- Bean, Mrs. Isabell Snyder, Mrs. Mary Holten, Mrs. Martha Camp- bell, Emeline, James G.. who enlisted in Co. M, Pa. Cav. Vols. He vFas out on picket duty while in Virginia and was surrounded by the rebels. (J])on liis refusing to surrender they tired upon him and wounded him in the leg, not until after he had killed one of their number however. He was then comi)elled to walk to Rich- mond prison, 30 miles, then to Libby prison, I where he died from exposure in that horrible den two days afrer. In the spring of lS6o Mr. and Mrs. Dopp came to Iowa and went to Pleasant Valley Town- ship, Scott Co., where he farmed with his brother Jacob on shares one year; then bought a farm in Lincoln Township; subsequently pur- chased 91 acres iin section 34, same township, where he now resides. He is now the owner of 208 acres, valued at .s70 an acre. Mr. and Mrs. Dopp have had seven children, viz. : Mary E., Jacob H., William I., John C, Minnie C, Frank B. and Eihe E. Mr. Dopp has held the oftice of supervisor a number of terms. Is a member of the A. O. U. W., Lodge No. 182, at Summit. In politics he is Democrat and a man well respected in his community. His Great-grandfather Beales was a soldier in that great war which gave to America her libert,y, the Revolution. John Dop]) is one of a family of six children, live living, viz.: Jacob B., Mrs. Rachel Smith, Mary, Mrs. JSTancy Clulcot and John. William Dougherty, a native of Tiperary Co., Ireland, was bom Aug. 15, 1811. Margaret Bryan was born in Ireland in 1855. They were there married about 1833 and caiue to the United States and landed in New York, where they re- mained three years, thence to Davenjiort, Iowa, arriving in April, 1854. He worked at this place in a brick-yard two years, then purchased a farm of 160 acres on section 10, this township, where he lived 20 years; subsequently bouglit 122i acres more in section six, where he is living at present. Mr. Dougherty values his land at 875 an acre. He is considered one of Scott County's most ener- getic farmers and has seen the various changes which it has un- dergone, from a vast prairie covered with srajs to one ot the finest counties in the State, abounding m highly cultivated farms and comfortable homes, ample evidence of the thrift and economy which the early settlers and their posterity practiced. Mr. and Mrs. Dougherty have had four children, viz. : Bridget, who mar- ried John Kennedy, and lives in Le Claire, Le Claire Township; William, who married Kate Kelly, and makes her home in Win- field Township; Edward, married Alice Glenn and resides with his father in this township; and Ellen, who married Patrick Glenn, and resides in Winfield Township. The parents of William Doiigherty, Edward and Margaret (Lubey) Dougherty, were of Irish nativity and the parents of two children. Mrs. Wm. Dough- LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 1171 crtydied March 12, 1S72, and was laid to rest at "Walnut Grove ; she was a member of the Catliolic cliurch. John Drenter was born in Prussia, Germany, Feb. 28, 1829. He came to tlie United States alone, when 15 years old. He landed in Baltimore and from there went to Huntingdon, Pa., where he worked as a farm laborer seven years, then purchased a farm of his own. He was married here Oct. 20, ISoi, to Mary J. Port, of Pennsylvania, a danijhter of John and Martha (Fox) Port, natives also of that State. They were tlie i)arentsof 10 children. In May, 1855, Mr. and Mrs. Drenter came to Iowa and purchased a farm of 160 acres in Lincoln Townshi]^. He subsequently sold that farm and bought -to acres in Le Claire Township; lived there two years, then purcliased his i)resent farm of 2'JO acres on section 22. His farm is well cultivated and valued at $75 an acre. The parents of our subject were Andrew and Anna M. (Schister) Drenter, of Ger- man nativity, where he died in 1838. Tiiej' were the parents of three children ; she died in this county. Mr. and Mrs. John Dren- ter have had a family of eight children, seven living, viz.: William, John M., Ora M., Cemantha, Ellen, Martha and Harry. Mr. Drenter is one of the leading farmers of this county. John Gahagan, a descendant of Scotch and German ancestry, was a son of John and Sarah (Watson) Gahagan, natives of Pennsyl- vania; the former died in January, 1813, the latter in lS-16. Our subject was born Nov. 10,1812, near Huntingdon, Pa. He learned the carpenter's trade and, when 21 years of age, began to work for himself He was engaged in building bridges on the Pennsyl- vania canal for 1-i years. He tiien worked on thePensylvania Cen- tral Uaih-oad five years. In June, 1S56, he came to Scott County and bought tlie farm of SO acres in Lincoln Township, where he now resides. He was married to Leah Brown, in Alexandria, Pa., in 1841. She was born in Huntingdon Co., Pa., and was a daughter of William and Mary Brown, of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Galia- gan liave two children, viz.: Mary, who married Richard Hoover and is residing with her uncle, Samuel Isenburg, in Huntingdon, Pa., and Silas, who married Lilly Balstafi", and is now a resident of Denver, Col. Mrs. Gahagan died in February, 1818. Mr. Gaha- gan married for iiis second wife Amanda Wood, Dec. 26, 1851. She was a daughter of George H. and Catharine (.Shively) Wood, natives of Penn.sylvania, where she was also horn; her mother died in March, 1817; her father resides witii them and is in his 82d year. Mr. and Mra. Gahagan have had eight children, seven living, viz.: Gary N. (who married James A. Pollock, Dec. 21, 1877; they had three children, two living, viz. : Homer and Samuel L. Mr. Pollock died May 29, 1881), John W., Frank C, George A., Rosella, Clarence and James W. Mr. Gahagan came to this county in limited circumstances, but by hard work has amassed a fine farm of 180 acres, valued at $100 an acre. In politics he is a Democrat. 1172 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Christian H. Gertz was born in Oberwholdac, Oldenburg Prov- ince, Germany, Jan. 28, 1837. His parents were John H. and Anna (Beck) Gertz, natives of Germanj', and the parents of five children, four living, viz.: Christina, Catherine, Christian II. and Henry P.; the father died in 1866, and the mother died on the way to America in 1S47, and was buried at sea. Christian H. Gertz came to America when he was 10 years old, accompanied by his parents, arriving here the fall of 1847. They went to St. Louis, thence to Qnincy, 111., where they remained until 1850, when they came to Davenport, this State. His father bought a farm in Sheridan Township, lived there until 1856, then moved to a farm in Lincoln Township, where our subject was married to Lena Peiper, Sept. 22, 18C0. She was born in Holsteiu, Germany, and catiie with her parents to the United States when 13 years of age. Her mother, Anna (Brockman) Peiper, died Feb. 8, 1853, and her father was again married, to Maggie Weise. After Mr. and Mrs. Gertz were married they lived on the farm with his father until 1862, then moved on a farm on section 20, where he purchased his present farm in 1864, of 160 acres, valued at $75 an acre. He has a nice dwelling-house and one of the finest barns in the county on his place. He and wife have had one child, Louisa M., born "May 3, 1862, and died Aug. 14, 1863. In politics he is Kepublican. Hiram Goodwin was born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, Sept. 22, 1819. Delila Hibbetts was born in Knox Co., Pa., Feb. 19, 1819. They were married June 14, 1842. She was the daughter of James and Susanna (Kheidinger) Hibbets, natives of Pennsylvania, and the parents of 14 children. He died Feb. 16, 1861. She is still living in Ohio, in her 89th year. Previous to his marriage, Mr. Goodwin had worked on his father's farm and piloting on the river. After that event, himself and wife lived on a farm in In- diana one year, and in October, 1843, came to Henry Co., Iowa, settling near Mt. Pleasant; afterward bought a farm of 84-i acres in Lincoln Township, to which he has since added 43 acres, making a line farm of 127^ acres, valued at §75 per acre. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin has been blessed with nine children, viz.: Emily, who married Henry C. Ilighley, and resides in Fulton, Iowa; Alonzo L., who married Emma Highley, and now resides in Cleona Township, this county; Theodocia, who married George C. Murray, and lives in Sioux Co., Iowa; Melissa, married James Mc^Iurray, and resides in Meringo, Iowa; Thomas, married Eutli Swain, and lives in Cleona Township, this county; Theodore W., married Martha Foster, and lives in Wiota. Iowa; Rebecca, Hiram P., and Orval F. Goodwin. Hiram Goodwin, Sr., was a son of James and Nancy (Faulkner) Goodwin, the former a native of Ohio, and died in 1822; the latter born in Kentucky, and died in 1855. They were the parents of three children, viz. : Ephraim, Hiram, and Emily. "When he came to this county Mr. Goodwin liad about $300, and his family were just recovering from sickness. LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 1173 He at once went to work to break the prairie, and prepare his farm for planting. Being possessed of a strong will and untiring energy, lie has by hard work accumulated a comfortable home and an abundance of this world's goods. He has served his township in the offices of supervisor and township trustee. lie is a Democrat. Allen J. Greene was born near Yellow Springs, Pa., on Jan. 10, 1821. When he was ab mt eight years old his father died, and his mother remained on the farm until 1815, with the I'amily. Feb. 6 of that year he was united in marriage with Sarah Shannon, who was born in Frankstown, Pa. Her parents were John and Kesiah (Stewart) Shannon, natives of Penns3'lvania. He was a merchant, and both were members of tiie Presbyterian church, and had a family of 12 children. Mr. and Mrs. Greene lived on the farm with his mother after they were married until 1810, when he rented a farm, which he occupied until the spring of 1855, when he came to Iowa, and bought 80 acres of land in Lincoln Township, where he now resides. Coming here with limited means, he had to apply himself energetically to cultivating his land, and his fine farm of 121 acres, valued at $100 an acre, all under improvement is the reward of his industry. Mr. and Mrs. Greene have been members of the Presbj'terian church since 1S5S. They have had four children, two living, viz.: Edwin (who was born in Peimsylvania; he graduated at the Iowa State Univer- sity in 1869. and is now taking a medical course at the Louis- ville Medical College, Louisville, Ky. ' He married Sallie Pitner, of Ozark, Ark. He was county clerk six years, postmaster four years, and surveyor two years at Clarksville, Ark.), and Wesley (born in Pennsylvania, is a graduate of the Iowa Agricult- ural College, and also of the law deiiartment of the Iowa State University, he resides with his father ou the farm). Samuel L. Greene, father of Allen J. Greene, was born in Chester Co., Pa., and died in November, 1828. He participated in the war of 1812. His wife, Elizabeth (Stewart) Greene, was a native also of Pennsylvania, and the mother of six children, three living, viz.: Johnson, Allen J., and Henry. She died in 1865 or "66. Mr. Allen Greene has held various offices of trust in his town- ship. E. S. Green, Lincoln Township, was born in Loudoun Co., Va., Jan. 23, 1839, son of John L., and Mary E. (Moore) Green; father a native of Virginia and mother of Ohio. There was a family of 13 children, six sons and seven daughters. In 185G Mr. Green left his iiome in Virginia and emigrated to Iowa and lo- cated in L)aven]>o;-t Townshi)). In 1S64: married Carrie R. Collins, a daughter of Lucius Collins, of Massachusetts. She was born in Wisconsin in 18-44. By this union there are five children, viz.: Arthur P., Lewis C, Sarah F., Abigail A., and Charles A. In 1862 Mr. Green enlisted in the 20th Iowa Infantry, Company D. Mr. and Mrs. Green are members of the Baj>tist church. Jacob C. Ili(jhley was born on a farm near Norristown, Pa., Nov. 16, 1843. At the age of nine years he, in company with his 117-i HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. parents, moved to the city of Norristown, where his father was em- ployed in a rolling-railL Jacob attended school at this place until 1854, when he came with liis parents to this county; lived in Davenport one year, when his father bought a farm of SO acres in Lincoln Township, on which he died in October, 1879. Jacob Highley was married Feb. 7, 1S67, to Amanda Humphrey, born in Belmont Co., Ohio; she was a daughter of James and' Mary (Kidwater) Humphrey, natives of Maryland. The parents of Jacob Highley were Henry Z. and Mary (Custer) Highley, natives of Pennsj'lvania; the foi-mer was one ot the early settlers of Scott County, having been identified with that county 27 years. Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Highley have one child, Lilly M. In January, 1862, Mr. Highley enlisted in Company A, 16th Iowa Infantry Volunteers, and was in the battles of Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, luka and Siege of Vicksburg; was mustered out in January, 1865, in Davenport. He is a Republican. Mrs. John Hughes, a daughter of James and Eliza (Reed) Parks, was born in County Armagh, Ireland. Iler maiden name was Eliza Parks; she was married in March, 1814, to David McMurray. They had two children — James, born in New York State, is now married and resides on a farm near Marengo, la., and Jane, born in Ireland, married John Kehoe, and lives on a farm in Wintield Township. In 1S17 Mr. and Mrs. McMurray and family came to the United States and went to Mercer Co., Pa., where they remained three years; then came to Illinois and settled on a farm in Rock Island Co., where Mr. McMurray was accidentally killed, Dec. 30, 1853, by b^ing thrown against the side of a wagon. Mrs. McMurray remained in Illinois two years, then came to Lincoln Township and located on a farm of 83 acres which her husband bad entered some two years before. In March, 1857, Mrs. McMurray married Jolm Hughes, a native of Cuuntj' Monaghue, Ireland, and a son of Patrick :ind Rosa Hughes. John came to this country when a young man and worked in New York some three years, then came to Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Hughes have two chil- dren — John F., who is studying law with W. A. Foster in Daven- port, and Thomas B. Mr. and Mrs. Hughes have their farm of 83 acres in Lincoln Township, all under good cultivation, and valued at $75 an acre. Joel 0. Jamiesoii is one of a family of 11 children of David and Mary J. (McKnight) Jamieson, the former a native of Ire- land, and died Sept. 23, 1877; the latter was born in Pennsylvania. Joel O. was born on a farm near Barnesviiie, Ohio. April 30, 1831. He learned the marble and stone cutter's trade when 16 years of age, and followed that business three years, when he joined his father in Iowa. He taught school in Henry and Scott Counties until his marriage to Mary A. Pattison, Oct! 11, 1856; she was born in Antrim, Ohio, Nov. 16, 1836. Her parents were Alexander and Sarah (Wherry) Pattison; they were Pennsyl- vanians by birth. Mr. and Mrs. Jamieson have had a family LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 1175 of eight children, seven living, viz.: Casner M., a graduate of Monmouth College, 111., is now teaching in this township; Al- vin W., F., Samuel R., Sarah J., Howard M., and J. A. Air. Janiieson has his farm of SO acres on section 16, all un- der cultivation, and valued at $75 an acre. In politics J. O. Jamieson is a Republican and cast his tirst vote for John C. Fremont. He has held various local offices in this and Princeton Township. He was a member of the School Board a number of years; was elected three terms justice of the peace, served two, refusing the last election. Jo/tn Kepler., a native of Adams Co., Pa., was born Oct. 21, 1831. His parents were Jacob and Sarah (Fisher) Kepler, the former a native of CTorinanj-, the latter of Pennsylvania. They were the pirents of 11 children, two living, viz. : John and Theresa. AVhen John was about three years old his parents moved on a form near Ebensburg, Pa. He attended school at this place until he was 10 years of age, then worked at brick-making for nine years. Afterward clerked in a store for Johnston Moore; was admitted as a partner two years later; remained in this relation until 1855. Jan. IS, 185.3, he married Ann Douojlas, who w-as born near Car- roUton, Pa., and was a daughter of William and Temperance (Bur- goon) Douglas, natives of the Keystone State; the former died in 1S73, the latter in August, 1S80. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Kepler came to Davenport, Iowa, arriving in April, 1856. He purchased two acres of land in Le Claire Centre on which he erected a house, and embarked in the mercantile business which he followed until the spring of 1S61, when he purchased a farm of 160 acres in Lincoln Township, where he has since resided. He also owns 110 acres in sections 21 and 22 of the same township. He has his land under a high state of cultivation, and is one of the well-to-do farmers of his townshiji. Mr. and Mrs. Kepler are the parents of 11 children, eight ot whom are living, viz.: Henri- etta (who married Charles Vau Evera, resides in Lincoln Town- ship); Thomas B., Worth D. (who married Maggie Paul); Gideon M., Washington E., William D., Malbourne II. and Richard. Mrs. John Kepler de]iarted this life Feb. 2, 1877, and was buried at Summit Cemetery. Mr. Kepler has the held offices of trust in the gift of the people. Rudolph Koch was born in Holstein, German3% Oct. 18, 1831. When 21 years of age he came to the United States, landing in Xew Orleans. He came at once to Daveimort and worked for dif- ferent parties in Davenport and Sheridan Townships until his mar- riage to Kate Gertz, March 25, 1S59. She is a native of Holstein, and a daughter of Fritz and Christina (Hepsen) Gertz, of German nativity; they settled in Seott County in 1S57. Rudolj)h Koch was a son of John and Maggie (Rimer) Koch; mother died in Ger- many and father died in Scott County in 1876. Mr. and Mrs. Kocii are thej)arents oF eight children, viz. : Caroline, John, Chris- tina, Laura, Henry, Matilda, Rudolph, Jr., and Walter. In October, 117fi HISTORY OF SCO'rr COUNTY. 1S75 Mr. Koch purchased his present tarm of 160 acres, in section 31, Lincoln Townsliip, which he lias well stocked and cultivated, and values it at $75 an acre. He is one of the representive fann- ers of Scott County, and has lived here since 18.53. In politics he is a RepublicHii and cast his first vote for xVbrahani Lincoln. Christian Lehmkuhl, a son of Ciiristian and Elizabeth (Witherft) Lebmkuhl, of German nativity, was born in Holstein, March 11, 1846. When six years of age he, in company with his parents, emi- grated to the United States, landing in New York City. They came to Davenport in May, 1852, and settled on the farm where the subject of this record now resides, in section 31, Lincoln Town- ship, The fatlier died here in 1851 and the mother again married, Claus Schlopkohl, who died in September, 1879. She resides in Mt. Joy. Christian Lehmkuhl, Jr., was married to Lena Meyer June 28, 1867. Her parents, Henry and Esther (Stelke) Meyer, were natives of Germany, where she was born. Her father died there, and in 1865 she and her mother came to this country. Mr. and Mrs. Lehmkuhl have had eight children, seven living, viz.: Augusta, Anna, Henry, Julius, Amiel, August and Amanda. Mr. Lehmkuhl has his farm of 80 acres under improvement and thoroughly stocked He affiliates with the Republican party and voted lirst for U. S. Grant. James Long was bora in County Londonderry, Ireland, July 12, 1821. In isis he came to the United States, landing in New Or- leans with $5 in his pocket an entire stranger. He obtained em- ployment on a farm in White Co., 111., where he remained one summer; he then went to Pillsbury, Ra., to meet liis father and mother, brothers and sisters, who had come to the United States. They came to Iowa and located in Le Claire Township in 1851, where his father purchased a farm of ICO acres. James Long's parents were John and Rebecca (Morrison) Long, natives of Ire- land, and the parents of four children, viz.: Andrew, Rachel, James and Elisha. John Long died in August, 1862, having been one of Le Claire Township's early settlers; his wife died in Novemlier, 1869. In 1857 James Long married Anna Henry, a native of Ire- land, and the daughter of James and Anna Henry, also natives of the Emerald Isle. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Long they resided on his father's farm until November, 1858, when he moved on his present farm, which he purchased in 1854, while working at the mason's trade; it contains 120 acres of land, valued at S50 an acre. Mr. Long also owns 80 acres in Crawford County, and 10 in Princeton Township. As he has accumulated his property by his own personal exertion, he claims the honor of being a self-made man. Mr. and Mrs. Long are members of the United Presbyterian church, in whicii he has lield the office of elder for 12 years. They have one adopted child, wliose parents were John and Mary J. McCool. Mr. Long has been identified witli the Republican party since its organization. He has held several local offices in his township. LINCOLN TOWNSIIII'. 1177 George Martin WAS, born on a farm in County Lowd, near the city of Ardee, Ireland, in 1S31. Wlien 21 years of age he caine to the United States, lauding in New York in 1852. lie worked in New York City a short time, then went to Altona and be^jan learn- ing the trade of briek-laying. He remained here fonr years, then removed to Davenport, Iowa, where ho was married in Angust, 1856, to Mary Toot, who was a native of Ireland. He resided in Davenport after his marriage some seven or eight year.«, wiien he purchased a farm of 30 acres on section 10. He now owns 80 acres of well-improved land. Mr. and Mrs. Martin's married life has been blessed with 11 children, viz.: Margaret, who married C Herald, and resides on a farm in Lincoln Township; Mary, Kose, Bridget, Fannie, Theresa, Anastasia, George A., James W., Isabella and Thomas. The parents of Geo. Martin were Jaraes and Fannie (Flanagan) Martin, of Irish nativity, and the parents of 10 children. When George came to tliis country he was the sole owner of 25 cents, but thought to increase this amount greatly in a short time, as he had been led to believe that gold was to be found scattered over the earth plentifully. But he soon found he must work if he must live, consequently he went to work with a brave heart and strong arm to win his way in the world, and he is to-day one of Scott County's most enterprising citizens. In politics he is rather independent, always voting for the best man. Sarau el McDowell, hovn near Altoonn, Blair Co., Pa., Dec. 25, 1835, is one of a family of six children of Samuel McDowell, born in MifHin Co., Pa., died in August 1862, and Sussannah (Brown) McDowell, born in Center Co., Pa., and died Oct. 11, 1877. The subject of this biography lived on his father's farm until he was 22 years of age, when he came to Iowa, and located in this county. He remained hei"e working for ditterent parties until November, 1857. He then returned to his home, where he stayed until the spring of 1858 when ho returned to Scott County. In June, 18C0, be left this county and went to Ogle Co., 111. He again returned to his home in December of that year, and remained there until January, 1863, when, coming again to this county, he rented the farm, which he afterward })urchased, of 160 acres, where he now resides. He was married Jan. 29, 1863, to Amy E., daughter of William and Sarah (Do])p) Yocum, natives of Pennsylvania, where she was born. Mr. and Mrs. Samuel McDowell are members of the Presbyterian church, and to them have been born nine children, viz.: Maggie M., William G., Nellie A., Harry C, George B., Mary E., Mabel J., Cora P. and Chas F., who died in infancy. Mr. McDowell has his farm of 160 acres well improved and esti- mates its value at $75 an acre. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., Lodge No. 182, at Summit. He has held various offices in his township; he was elected town clerk, but did not accept the office. He votes the Republican ticket. Clans II. Meyer was born on a farm near Ilolstein, Germany, Oct. 20, 1831. When he was 21 years of age he left his native 1178 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. country and came to the United States; landed at New York and came direct to Iowa. He worked for different persons until his marriage to Katrina M. H. Lehupuhl, Aug. 21, 1860. She was born in Germany and was the mother of two children, viz. : Henry and Anna. Mrs. Meyer died in April, 1866. Mr. Meyer then mar- ried Gretchen Paustian, September, 1871. She was of German na- tivity, and the mother of six children, three living, viz.: Albert, Louisa and Adelia. After Mr. and Mrs. Meyer were married he bought 166 acres of land in tliis township, to which he has since added land, until he now owns 246 acres, worth .^75 an acre, and finely cultivated. Mr. Meyer's wealth is all due to his own exertions, as he came to the countrj' a poor boy, and has worked hard for what he has. His parents were Henry and Ester (Stelk) Meyer, natives of Germany, at which place tlie former died in 1863. Mrs. Meyer came to the United States and lived with her son until her death, which occurred in May, 1880; she was the mother of seven chil- dren, four living, viz. : The subject of this sketch, Henry, Anna and Lena. Mr. Meyer is a Republican. He has seen Scott County develop from an uncultivated county to one of the greatest grain growing counties in the West, and has been identified with the township 25 years. Chas. Miller was born on a farm in Davenport Township, June 8, 1848. His parents were Henry and Anna (Sneklotli) Miller, both of German nativity. Henry Miller was a farmer, and im- migrated to the United States in 1846, landing in jS'ew Orleans. After several changes of residence he located in Daveni^ort Town- ship, in 1847. He died in October, 1872; his wife in 1861. They were the parents of eight children, of whom four are living, viz. : William, who married Dora Faige, and resides on the old home- stead in this township; Ferdinand, married Mary Arbreg; Henry, married Mary Datilsf; and the subject of this memoir. Cliarles lived on the farm with his father until he was 21 j^ears of age; he then worked for different farmers, until his marriage to Dora A. Evoldt, March 5, 1876. She was a native ot Holstein, Ger- many, and came to this country when 18 years of age. She was a daughter of Frederic and Kate (Schrader) Evoldt, who were the parents of six children, and are now deceased. After Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Miller were mariied, he purchased his pi-esent farm of 120 acres in sectioTi 16, valued at §60 an acre. In poli- tics he is a Republican. He was the recipient of a good educa- tion, and is classed with the enterprising farmers of his township. Mrs. Miller is a member of the German Lutheran church. Glaus H. Moeller was born in Holstein, Germany, Nov. 29, 1845. He is a sou of Hans and Anna (Weise) Moeller, who re- side on a farm in this township. They had a family of five chil- dren, four living, viz.: Silke, Claus S., Henry and Anna. When Glaus II. was quite young, his parents came to America, and located in Lincoln Township. He remained with his father until his marriage, Feb. 8, 1873, to Anna Stoltenberg, a native of LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 1179 Holstein, Germany. Her parents were Henry and Wiebke rWeise) Stoltenberg, who came to tliis country in 1857; he died Sept. 8, 1857. on his way to America, and was buried in the briny deep. They were the ])arents of five cliihiren. After Mr. and Mrs. Glaus Mocller were married, he rented a farm of 160 acres, where he now resides. They are the parents of tlie following named children, viz, : Anna L., Henry J. and Kate M. ; one de- ceased. Mr. Moeller is classed among the early settlers of Scott County, having seen it change from a wild, uncultivated country to one of the finest grain-growing counties in the United States. In politics he is a Rejiublican. Henry S. Moeller, a native of Holstein, Germany, was born June 21, 1809. He was married at this place to Anna Weise, Dec. 30, 1812; she was born in Germany, Doc. 15, 1815. Mr. Moeller and family immigrated to this country in 1.817, landed at New Orleans, and came up the Mississippi River to Davenport. He entered a farm of SO acres, in Davenport Township, where he resided 10 years; he then purchased his present farm of 320 acres in Lincoln Township. He and wife have had a family of five children, four living, viz. : Silke, born in Germany, and married Hans A. yneckloth; tiiey have seven cliihiren, and reside in Lin- coln Township; Clans 11., born also in Germany, married Anna Stoltenberg; they have three children; Henry, who married Alvine Schuman and has one child; Anna, who married Nicholas Van Dohren, and has four children. Henry Moeller was a son of Claus and Silke (Wcise) Moeller. Thev were the parents of four children, of whom Hans is the only surviving one. T. U. 2[ofn\ farmer, section 10, Lincoln Townshij), was born in Holstein, Germany, Dec. 27, 1S2S. His parents, Paul and Catheriua Mohr, had seven children. T. II. Mohr was their youngest son; he attended school until he was 10 years of age, when he learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1853, when he came alone to the United States. He landed in New Orleans, and then came direct to Davenport, Iowa, and worked at the carpenter's trade seven years, then purchased a farm in Lincoln Township, where he has followed farming ever since. He married Miss Catherina Daw, Sept. 10, 1853. She was born in Germany. Her father was Detlef Daw. Mr. and Mrs. Mohr have had 10 children, viz.: Amelia, Henry, Anna, Gustave, Wilhelm, Adolph, Katy, Emma. Emiel and Herman. Mr. Mohr owns a farm of 110 acres in Sheri- dan, six acres of timber land in Butler Township, and Ififi acres of land in Lincoln Township, where lie and family reside. He grows grain and stock for the market, and is one of the representative farmers of Scott County, and in politics a Republican. Wilfiarn B. Murraij was born in Summerhill, Cambria Co., Pa., Mch. 30, 183i, where he attended school, and worked in his father's mercantile store; was also time-keeper and paymaster on the Pan Handle Road while it was being built. In March, 1855, he came to Iowa, and settled in Lincoln Township, and worked on his 68 1180 HISTORY OF SCOTT COtTNTY. brotlier's farm until Oct. 30, 1S62, when lie married Clara Criswell, who was born in Juniata Co., Pa., and was a daughter of James and Jane (McNatt) Criswell, Pennsylvanians by birth. They had three children. Mrs. Jane Criswell died in 1841. William B. Murray is a son of George and Esther (Croyle) Murray. George Murray was born in Scotland, and came to the United States when 18 years of age, and after following the mercantile and canal con- tracting business in Pennsylvania some years, he came to Scott Co., la., wiiere he has since resided. He is a large land-owner, and has retirtd from active business. Mr. and Mrs. George Murray had a family of 10 children, three living, viz.: James C, Mrs. Mary E. Higland and William B. After Mr. and Mrs. William Murray were married, they moved on the farm where lie now resides; it contains 1-16 acres, alb under improvement, and valued at $75 an acre. They are the parents of seven children, three living, viz.: George C, James E. and Albert. Mr. Murray has held Several ofBces of trust in his township; has been supervisor two terms, assessor, justice of the peace, township trustee, school director, and overseer of the poor four and one-half years. Politi- cally he is Democratic. tritz Petersen was born near Segebery, Holstein, Germany, Dec. 19, 1849. He is a son of Henry and Magdalena(Suman) Petersen, natives of Germany, where the latter died in 1850, having I)een the mother of six children. Henry Petersen came to the United States in 1873, and now resides in Chicago. The subject of this sketch came to the United States when 19 years of age. He came to Davenport, and worked for Christian Vogt, in Sheridan Township, until his marriage to Amelia Moore, Jan. 7, 1878. She was born in Davenport, and was a daughter of John and Katrina Moore, nee Dua, of German nativity. They came to the United States in 1851, and now reside on a farm in Lincoln Township. They are the parents of 10 children. After Mr. and Mrs. Petersen were married he bought a farm of 80 acres in Lincoln Township, which is his present home. He has his farm well improved. They are the parents of two children, viz.: Charles and Katy. In politics Mr. Petersen is a Republican, and will vote that ticket as soon as he receives his naturalization papers. Isaac N. Port was born on a farm near Huntingdon, Pa., Nov. 9, 1831. He lived there until 22 years of age when he came to this State. He worked for different parties in Lincoln and Le Claire Townsiiips until his marriage to Catharine N. Hoover, Jan. 5, 1858. She was born in Pennsylvania, and was a daughter of John D. and Margaret (Hanson) Hoover, also natives of the Key- stone State. They had a family of 12 children. Mrs. Hoover died Feb. 17, 1880; he is still living in Nebraska. The parents of Isaac Port were John Port, Sr., and Martha (Fox) Port, natives of Penn- sylvania, and the jiarents of nine children. Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Port resided in Le Claire Township until March, 1877, when they moved on his father's farm in Lincoln Township, where they now LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 1181 reside. They have bad ei were Mrs. Mary Sweet and Mrs. Lucy Goodrich. The Methodist circuit rider at an earlv day penetrated the town- ship and was followed from time to time by representatives of various denominations. There are now three represented in the township by organizations — Methodist Episcopal, Presbvttrian, and Lutheran. The latter organization is at Lost Grove. In 1853 three members of the Methodist E])iseopal church, — Potter Mo- Kinster, Jerry Goodrich and James Todd — assisted by their friends and neighbors, erected a brick churcli eJifice, 2G x 3t) feet. After liolding services in this church about three years, the organization was transferred to Princeton, its three principal members having died meanwhile. On the 10th of February, 185G, Rev. Daniel Garber, a minister of the Evangelical Lutheran church at Daven- port, came to the township and organized a congregation of that faith. 1204 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. On Saturday, May 8, a meeting was held for the election of officers. Isaac Dauglienbaugli was elected elder, and Samuel Gast, deacon. The tirst meetings were held at the brick church, erected by the Methodists, and which they continued to use as the prop- erty of that denomination until 1S59, when they built a house of worship in the town of Princeton, at a cost of $565, which they exchanged with the Methodists for their church edifice at Lost Grove, where they yet worship. Rev. Daniel Garber was the first pastor. He supplied the church until March 10, 1S57, when Rev. F. R. Sheer was called and served until 1869, with success, with the exception of one year (1858). In 1S69 Rev. George W. Shaffer supplied the pulpit, during which time he had a revival and l4 additions to the church. Mr. Shaffer continued with the church until November, 1878, when Rev. J. L. Hammond assumed the pastorate. Reg- ular services of the church are held every Sabbath. The present member^liip is 52. The present officers are as follows: Samuel Ileleman and J. A. Gast, elders; Adam Mc Coy and John Shaffer, deacons. The Sabbath-school was first organized by the Methodist Episcopal brethren in 1853. The first superintendent was Daniel Conrad, a local M. E. preacher from Le Claire; secretary and librarian, James Todd. In 1856 tlie Lutheran congregation took charge of the school, electing Dr. Samuel Gast, of Princeton, as superintendent; J. L. Gast, secretary and librarian. The present superintendent is Rev. E. Hammond, assi-tant superintendent, W. E. Gast, secretary, William Hammond, librarian, G. C. Gast. There are now 80 pupils enrolled, with an average attendance of 60. PUiJLIC SCHOOLS. The men who first settled this township being young naen with- out families, it was for some time unnecessary to have schools, bnt as sooT as children were reared lar^re enough to attend, the parents provided schools as good as their limited means, both of money and ability in teachers, coukl afford. The first school that was kept in what is now known as Princeton Independent District, was taught in the year 1846 or '47, by Miss Hannah Peaslee, in a log house owned by H. H. Pinneo. The succeeding teachers in the same house were Mrs. Charles Budd and Milcah Goodrich. Abont 1850, a bitter dispute having arisen as to where a proposed school-house should be located, the quarrel was carried so far that the project for building at all had for a time to be abandoned. In the meantime G. H. Pinneo and Wilbur Warren beingdetermined to have a school for their children, joined together and bought an old barn, added some lumber to it, and with their own hands con- structed a house that was used for some time for both school and church purposes. In 1852 a house 25 x 35 now known as the old PRINCETON TOWNSHIP. 1205 scliool-house, was built in the town, costing $375, and was then thouglit to be quite extravagant. The first teacher in this house was Mathias D. Pinneo. In 1856 it was found that the title to the land on which this house was built was not good. So the heirs of the land made a conipromise with the district by buying lot No. 2, block 18, and buikling another house exactly like the old one on this lot. This house was used for school purposes till 1864, Avhen this school and the other schools in town were consolidated and occupied the upper and lower stories of a hall on Front street. In 1862, under an act that had been recently passed, what had for- merly been known as District No. 1, Prnieeton Township, was erected into an independent district. The first president of the indepi'udent district was Samuel Scott; first secretary, A. II. Pin- neo; and treasurer, D. II. Culbertson. Mr. Culbertson has been treasurer ever since. In 1866 it was determined to build a house suitable for school purposes, and the contract was awarded to the firm of Walker & Patterson, for $4-,500. C. W. Pinneo was the first principal in this house, and has been ever since, except two years G. M. Boyd and two years J. S. Iluey taught. The present teachers are C. W. Pinneo, principal; W. L. t'alhoiin, intermediate, and D. E. James, primary. Miss Peaslee, the first teacher in this district, received for salary $1.75 per week and boarded around. The present female teaciier receives $9 per week. $20 per month was the highest wages paid to a male teacher previous to the year 1858, when the law requiring teachers to stand an examination be- fore a county sujjerintLiident went into force. The wages very soon advanced when some qualifications were required, and greatly added to tlie efficiency of the schools. The number at present is about 150 scholars in all the departments, and the schools are con- sidered quite satisfiictory in their management. Princeton Township has six sub-districts, an enrollment of 142, and 219 of school age. It has six school-houses, valued at $5,500. The town of Princeton is an independent district, with a stone school-house valued at $5,000. There are 189 pupils in the dis- trict with an enrollment of 98. Tnree teaehers are employed, and the school is a graded one. TOWN OF PRINCETON. The first recorded plan of Princeton bears date Dec. 22, 1853. Robert Bell, George H. Bell and John Culbertson were the pro- prietors. The beginning of a town had been made prior to this. In the sjjring of 1838 B. F. Pike opened a store in the neighbor- liood, the first in the township. The next cue was opened by a company known as "Lawyer llammoiid ife Co. In 1848 W. F. Breckenridge opened a store here, calling the place at that time "Pinnacle Point." The city of Princeton was incorporated January, 1857, and in the month of March following the first charter election was held. 1206 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. Samuel Porter was elected the first mayor and resigned in May. At a special election held soon after, William Shaw was elected mayor to fill the vacancy. At this time the city contained about 250 inhabitants, one store kept by Walter & Armstrongs, two public houses, one smith shop, one steam saw-mill, one church and forty- six dwelling houses. In the month of March, 1858, William H. Thompson was elected mayor. This year the population of the place had increased to 500. The imjn-evetnents were greater in the youthful city of Princeton than at any other point on the Mississippi River, for the number of inhabitants. This year there was built one steam saw-mill, by Isaac Sherman, from Cleveland, Ohio, at a cost of §8,000, capable of catting 30,000 feet per day ; two steam grist-mills, one by McKinstr^' & Hubbard, at a cost of $12,000 ; one by Herbert & Fishback, at a cost of $9,000, though the firm failed before com pleting it. D. D. McCoy i)uiit a large house and opened a fancy dry-goods store. Tliis season there were 02 dwellings built, among which was one by Dr. G. L. Bell, wliich cost about $5,000. In March, 1859, Dr. Thomas Gait was elected mayor. This year the population had reached 1,000, but, owing to the hard times, there was not so much improvement as the previous year. Walker & Patterson buiit a steam ]>laning-mill. with all the im- proved machinery^ for making sash, doors and blinds, which was a great benefit to the place and surrounding country, besides being remunerative to its enterprising projectors. F. G. Welch built a large three-story building for a dry-goods store, but did not live to enjoy his enterprising un^lertaking. R. liennett also erected a large store and opened a good stock of dry goods and groceries, and with the assistance of A. Kierney started a tin shop. This year the Presbyterians erected their church edifice. Dr. Gait erected a fine brick residence, 36 x 40, two stories and a half high, and finished in the latest style. At this time there were 15 car- penters, six blacksmiths, four shoemakers, two tailors, one tinker, seven stores, one drug store, two churches, two public houses, one livery stable, two steam saw-nulls, two steam grist-mills, one steam planing-mill, two carriage shops, four blacksmith shops, two public schools, two private schools, one lawyer.* Princeton was now in the height of its glury, everything being Srosperous, with a fair opportunity of becoming one of the most ourishing towns upon the river. Early in 1860, a local writer thus spoke of it : *' Princeton now bids fair to outrival some of her more successful neighbors. By the fourth of July, 1860. there will be a direct commuracation with Chicago by railroad. The iron for the Sterling & Rock Island R^ad is contracted for, and a portion ot it will be delivered this winter. The balance will be delivered as soon as the ice leaves the river, as it comes by the way of New Orleans. The road, when finished, will be 36 miles nearer Chicago than by * VVillard Barrows in Annals of Iowa, April, 1864. PRINCETON TOWNSHIP. 1207 the Chicago A: Rock Island Road ; 56 miles nearer Chicago, from this place, than bv way of UaveniMirt. There has also been ^27,- 500 of the stock taken and secured bv the citizens of Princeton, by bond and mortgage, of the Sterling iV: Rock Island Road. There is a great opening for manufactures by water-power. There is a chance of securing a water-power of 17^ feet tall with the outlay of $30,0u0. By tapping the Wapsipinecon River about four miles above this place, the water can be brought into the city at any desired point with the above amount of fall. The survey has been made by scientific engineers, and the result as stated is therefore unquestionable. * * * We prophesy tliat at no very distant day the city of Princetoii will be one of the most flourishing towns upon the Mississippi River. It has the material in and around it, audits enterprising inhabitants will allow no opportunit}' to pass iiniraproved, that will tend to advance the interests of their thriving and beautiful city." But, alas, for the expectations of its friends. The glorious prospects of 1S60 have been permitted to vanish away ; the popu- lation of the town lias decreased three-fourths, and the Princeton of 18S2 will not compare with the Princeton of 1860. Yet there is hope for the town. With a good situation, convenient to the great markets, with energy and pluck, the old-time prosperity may be re\ived and a glorious future await it. RELIGIOUS. There are now two church organizations represented in the place — Presbyterian and Methodist Episcopal. The Presbytery convened at Le Claire, Oct. 10, 1S54. and granted a request from Presbyterians resident at Princeton, that a Presbyterian church be organized there. Accrodingly, ontlie 12th day of November, 185i, the committee ajipointed by the Presbytery organized a Presbyterian church at Princeton, consisting in all of 17 members. Three elders were then duly elected, ordained and installed — Denton B. Ciilbertson, Samuel Knox and John L. Gast. A church ediiice was erected in 185 . The church has had a fairly })rosperous existence since its organization, and is now under the pastoral care of Rev. George P. Ilays. M. E. Church. — As has nearly always been the case in a new country, the Methodist church was the first to plant here the ban- ner of the cross. Although there might have been an occasional sermon preached here before, Joel B. Taylor was the first regularly appointed minister on this work. lie was then, secmingl}', but a boy, but it was the beginning of a useful and devoted life to the church. Among the members ol his cliurch here may be men- tioned G. M. Pinneo, Asenath Pinneo, Ilaswell H. Pinneo, Hannah Hubbard, Thomas Hubbard, Pendleton Hubbard, Abijah Goodrich, Rachel Goodrich, John B. Doty and Mariah Doty. 1208 HISTORY OF SCOTl' COUNTY. The early settlers not being able to erect a church building, were obliged to meet for services at private iiouses, and when school- houses were built, to use thera for meetings. Thus the history of the church here continued with the usual vicissitudes of all religious societies, till 1853, when the members determined to erect a church building. On account of the larger portion of the members living near Lost Grove, the church was built there, but by the death of same and the removal of prominent families from there, soon so reduced their numbers that it was concluded to sell the house to the Lutherans, then in the ascendancy around the Grove, and build a house in the city of Princeton. This was accomplished in the year 18.58, since which time the church in the city has been a permanent organization. Among some of the families who were members while they occupied the church at the Grove, should be mentioned those uf Abijah Goodrich, David Shoemaker, Daniel Conrod, David Todd, Porter McKinstry, Wesley Vanduzer and G. M. Pinneo. The present membership of the church here is about 40, and its pas- tor is the Eev. J . W. Coates. As an adjunct of the church may be mentioned the Methodist Sunday-school. It was organized in. June, 1849, by Father Pinneo, Jeremiah Goodrich, Milcah Goodrich and others, hence it has had an existence of 33 years, during which time its organization has been faithfully maintained. As an instance of devotion in this work may be mentioned: C. W. Pinneo, who was a scholar at the opening of the school and has been the Bible-class teacher during the last 20 years, and is now superintendent. Salera Evangel imI Lutheran Church \& located at Lost Grove, in Princeton Township, Scott Co., Iowa. It was organized by F. li. Shearer, Jan. 25, 1852, with the following members, viz.: J. C. Rice, John L. Gast and Margaret Gast, his wife; Dr. S. Gast and Angeline, his wife; A. Earhart and Catharine Earhart, his wife; H. C. Gast and Sarah Gast, his wife; J. A. Gast and Matilda Gast. At this time Reverend F. R. Shearer resided in Winchester, Van Buren Co., Iowa, and visited the infant organization in the following June. A few years after this, the Reverend G. W. Seheidee, of Philadelphia, Penn., became pastor of the congrega- tion, but did not serve them one year. Some time after this the Rev. D. Garner, of Davenport, supplied them occasionally, but being desirous to visit Egypt, Arabia and the Holy Land, he resigned his charge in Davenport, left for the above purpose, leaving the congregation without a shepherd for some years. On the L5th of November, 185G, the Rev. F. R. Shearer took perma- nent charge of the congregation at a call of $250 per annum for one-third of his time, there being at this time but 11 members in the organization, but few of them of the original organization. The following March he held a series of meetings and added 16 members to the churcli; and about a year from that time 2-4 more, additions to the membership at various times increasing PRINCETON TOWNSHIP. 1209 the membership to 63. During F. II. Shearer's labors of 11 3'ears iu that congregation he added 63 members, whicli, with the original membership, made 74 in number. November, 1S5S, the congregation gave him a call for all the time at a salary of §350 and a parsonage, wiiich he accepted and labored a few years when he began to missionate at Morristown, Henry Co., 111., where he devoted a ])arl of his time for four years until they built him a church, 36 x oS, IS feet high, and finished it off in com- plete order. Although there never were 50 members belonging to that church, they support their own pastor and have built a very neat parsonage. During his labors at Salem church they have always had a good Sahbath-scliool which has been conducted a number of years b^' J. L. Gast. Sketch af Siocm Lodge, No. 23i, /. 0. 0. F., of Princeton, Iowa. — In the year 1S72, several persons, residents ot this place, were attached to Eagle Lodge, No. 86, of DeWitt, Iowa, but feeling that they would like the pleasure of lodge association oftener than they could enjoy it living so far away as they did, came to the conclusion to form a lodge at home. Accordingly, Messrs. U. W. Hogan, Samuel Williams, Jesse W. Forsyth, Ijenjamin Metzgur and Isiac F. Morgan applied to the Grand Lodge and received a charter, and the lodge was duly instituted by John Waters, D. D., G. M. , April 30, 1872, under the name and title of Swan Lodge, No. 234, I. O. O. F. At the first meeting. Messrs. AY. F. Culbert- son, A. P. Ferguson, J. D. Stichter, J. B. ParcoU, William McQuiston, A. R-ithman and L. S. Cliambei-liu were received and enrolled as members. At this meeting they elected O. W. Hogan. N. G.; Jesse W. Forsyth, V. G.; W. F. Culbertson, Sec; Benja- min Metzgar, Per. Sec, and Samuel Williams, Treas. The lodge occupied a hall owned by L. S. Chamberlin until Jan. 6, 1S79, when the block in which this hall was located was burned. In this fire the lodge lost all its paraphernalia and other property amounting to nearly $500. This was a severe blow, as there was no insurance on the property. As usual in such cases, the lodge appealed for help to other lodges in the jurisdiction of Iowa. The appeal was handsomely responded to, and with the efforts of the lodge it was able to erect for itself, during the sum- mer of 1S79, a neat and substantial brick building 32 .\45 feet, two stories, with cellar. The upper story is neatly furnished and used as a lodge room; the lower is used for a storeroom. Although this order has ])aid out quite largelv for benefits, yet it has been exceedingly fortunate in losses by death, only three, viz.: Henry Gaw, August Brusch and George T. Penry having died. Its present membership, numbering 50, is the largest it has ever had at one time. At present, its financial condition is good, being en- tirely out of debt and $200 in the treasury. Its regular meetings are en Saturday evenings and the present officers are: J. B. Parcel, N. G.; E. L. Slaughter, V. G.; C. W. Pinneo, Rec Sec; C. W. Pinneo, Per. Sec, and L. S. Cliamberlin, Treas. 1210 HISTORY OF SCOrr COUNTY. ConDected with this lodge is Echo Lodge, No. lOi, of the degree of Robecca, composed of the members, the wives, the sisters and the daughters of the members of Swan Lodge. Its officers are: L. S. Chamberlin, N. G.; Mrs. P. H. Martin, V. G.; D. M. Parkhurst, Sec. and Mrs. Rachel Stafford, Treas. It is also in a very satisfactory condition and is highly prized by the members of both lodges on account of the social relations that are fostered by the intercourse of its membership. Andrews Lodge, No. 69, A. O. U. W., was instituted May 17, 1876, and named iu honor of Maj. Andrews (now clerk of the court of Scott Co.), to whom we are chiefly indebted for its or- ganization. Twelve charter members v/ere enrolled and elected as follows: H. Garber, P. M. W.; O. W. Hogan, M. W.; D. W. Ulam, G. F.; Jas. W. Suiter, O.; J. D. Dunlap, Recorder; C. L. Maxwell, Receiver; C. W. Knott, F.; F. "W. Shaw, I. W. ; Geo. Lancaster, O. W. ; Wm. Darbiu, R. 0. Stewart and Theodore Dubois, Trustees. The present membership is 31, and the officers are: I. Monk, P. M. W.; F. M. Shaw, M. W.; E. D. Moss. G. F. ; A. D. Penry, O. ; A. P. Ferguson, Recorder, M. Mathews, Receiver; Jas. W. Suiter, F.; H. C. Chapman, G.; Wm. Durbin, L W.; W. Hopson, O. W.; H. C. Chapman, Wm. Durbin and W. Hopson, Trustees. Assets, fixtures and furniture, $250; cash, $138.10; total, $388.10. The lodge, though small, is in a pros- perous condition, notwithstanding a considerable loss by fire during the winter of 1878-'79. The lodge has not lost any mem- bers by death. BIOGRAPHICAL. Jacob Bragonier, a native of Franklin Co., Pa., was born Nov. 11, 1821; son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Palmer) Bragonier, who were married in Maryland, and had a family of 13 children, six living — Mary, wife of Benjamin Dickenson, of Nebraska; Chris- tina, wife of Jacob Culler, of Carroll Co., Ind.; Doratha, wife of Leonard Trampower, of Maryland; Susannah, wife of Emanuel Tice, of Washington Co., Md. ; Leah, wife of John Kennedy, of Carroll Co., Ind., and Jacob. His father was a soldier in the Revolu- tionary war; was at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown; was ferryman at the time of AVashington crossing at Tren- ton. Mr. Bragonier was one of the earliest settlers of Franklin County, and by occupation a farmer, which he followed until his death, which occurred Oct. 5, 1821, being some months before Jacob was born, leaving his mother with a large family of small children. Qj good management she kept them together, giving them a common-school education. She died in 1859 at the age of Si, a member of the German Reform church, and respected by all wjio knew her. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received his education in a log cabin, clap-board roof, slabs for seats and puncheon floor. And, as Mr. Bragonier says, it was cus- PRINCETON TOWNSHIP. 1211 tomary for the larger boy to go out and gatlier up their fuel at noon. In 1845 he married Miss Matilda Thomas; she was born in Franklin Co., Pa., Dec. 4. 182t;. By this union there were 10 children, seven of whom are living, viz.: John, Abram J., Caro- line, Martha, David, Clark and Howard. Mr. Eragonier came to this county in limited circumstances, by judicious management accumulated a tine property and home, and is one of the largest and well-to-do farmers of the county; has (195 acres of land, valued at $40 per acre. Mr. Braeronier says their first meal was taken on a dry -goods box, aii;elina Sturdevaut ,a willow of Samuel Sturdevant. She was born in Bradford Co., Pa., .Fan. 22, 1815. Stepiien A. Sweet, tlio father of Mrs. Gast, was born near Albany, N. Y., when he married Mary Jloberts. In an early day they moved to Bradford Co., Pa. In 1837 emigrated to Scott C >., la., and located in Princeton Township, and was among the early pio- neers of tlie county. Mrs. Ciast said that many times she lias ground wheat and corn in a coffee- mill, before there were any mills in the country. James A. Hire, Princeton, la., wa< born in Clarke Co., Ind., on the 30th day of August, 1822, son of Daniel, a native of Lower Canada, born Sept. 13, 1800, and Jane (Anderson ) Hire, of Clarke Co.. Ind., where she was born Jan. 16, 1804. By this union there were 10 children, four living, viz.: James A.; Jane, wife of Davis Thomas; Mary A., wife of W. W. i'axter; and Daniel, of Idaho. In 1837 Mr. Hire left Tndinna and emigrated to Scott County, and located in Princeton Townshij), where he made a claim and opened np a farm, where three more children were born, viz. : Henry (now deceased). Michael and Sarah. At the time they came, there were no railroads in tlie West. The only mode of traveling in those days was by teams or by water. They chose the overland route, coming with teams driving their stock, which swam all the rivers and creeks from Indiana to Princeton, the last the Missis- sippi. They camped out. cooking tlieir own meals, and finally landed in Iowa, September 7, wlien they moved into a Harrison cabin. In 1819 '' Uncle Dan," as he is called, crossed the plains to California with ox-teams, making the trip in four months; he remained there nearly three years, when he returned to Scott County, and in 1859 he again went across, taking with him three sons, remaining two years, when lie returned. In 1S75, being anxious to see that country again, and having children there, he made his third trip, remaining live months. He is now living with his children in Princeton. Tiie subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received a common-school education. In 1848 he married Elizabeth C. Robinson. She was bi)rn in "West- moreland Co., Pa., June 14, 1S31. The fruit of this marriage was 11 chiMren, six of whrnn are living, viz.: Sarah Anii, James A., Michael L., Samuel K., John K. and Freddie. Jurgeii Hoist, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Ilolstein, Germany, on the 7th day of September, 184^j, son of Jurgen and Magdalina (Tieja) Hoist, natives of Germany, who emigrated to the United States in 1858, coming by steamer via New York, to Princeton, where he purchased the place wiiere Mr. Hoist now re- sides, of 200 acres, where he remained until his death, which occurred B'eb. 12, 1879. Mrs. Hoist died Oct. 12, 1880. The sub- 1216 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. ject of this sketch came to the States wheu he was 12 years of age; was reared on a farm and received a limited school education. In August, 1872, married Dora Ilubliel. She was born in Ger- many, May 8, 1851. By this union there are five children, four of whom are living, viz.: George, Henry, Caroline, Gustave. Has 280 acres of land, 240 acres under a high state of cultivation, valued at $50 per acre. His farm is decorated with a beautiful residence and large and commodious barns and out-buildings, and is one of the large and well-to-do farmers of the county. Jeremiah Huhhard was born in Kentuck}', Sept. 15, 1822, son of Thomas and Hannah Goodrich. Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard were married in Kentucky. By this union there was a family of 10 children, four living — Hosetta H., William, Jeremiah, Pendleton, Mr. Hubbard, by occupation, was a hatter, which he followed in connection with farming. lu February. 1828, left his home in Kentucky and emigrated to Wisconsin, where he worked in the mines and remained two years. Then removed to Rock Island County, 111., in 1830, and located two miles from Port Byron, where he purchased land and made a farm and remained until 1834, when he came to Princeton, la., and followed farming and furnishing steamboats with wood. The subject of this sketch came to Rock Island County, 111., with his parents in 1828, and thence to Princeton, la., in 1831. He afterward returned to the mines in Wisconsin, where he remained five years. In 1853, married Harriet B. Moss, daughter of Thomas Moss. She was born in Hillsboro, Ohio, September, 1835. By this union there was a family of four children, three living — Esther (now the wife of James Schaffer), Mary E. and Charles J. After marrying, came to the place where they reside, moving into a log cabin, with two small windows, their furniture being of the rudest kind. Mrs. Hubbard says her first ride to Le Claire after their marriage was after a yoke of oxen and a cart painted red; thus she started out to visit her friends. Mr. Hubbard has 120 acres of land under a high state of cultivation, valued at $10 per acre. At the time Mr. Hubbard came to Rock Island there were no mails, and for their milling had to go to Rapids City, where a man had built a hand-mill, and each man liad to do his own grinding. Mr. Hubbard has been identified with the county for nearly half a century and has seen it from its infancy to a fine, cultivated county. Samuel Knox, M. D., one of the oldest practicing physicians of Scott County, was born in Adams Co., Pa., near Gettysburg, on the 16th day of October, 1824, a son of Samuel and Margaret (Witherel) Knox, natives of the same place. The great grand- father of Dr. Samuel Knox came to Pennsylvania in an earl}' day, and took up land under William Penn; from him it went to his grandfather, a graduate of the State University of Pennsylvania; then to his father, Samuel Knox; then to the Doctor, the subject of this sketch, being in the possession of the family about 140 years. His grandfather had two sons — Samuel, and John, who became an PRINCETON TOWNSHIP. 1217 eminent preaclier, liavint; D. D. added to liis name Ijefbre lie was 35 years of asro, fillina; a pulpit in New York City for 50 years. The children of Samuel and Margaret Knox were nine, eight of whom are living, viz.: liachel R. (who was the wife of lion. James K. Marshall, of Pennsylvania, who represented his district in the Leg- islature), Samuel John (of Pennsylvania), Margaret H. (the wife of Andrew Marshall, a retired capitalist of Fairlield, Pa.), Sarah (a widow of Benjamin j\[in\-iliall, of Pennsylvania), Euphemia Mason, (wife of Thomas Kinehart, a prominent merchar.t of Pennsylvania), Charles Me (major of the Ninth New York Cavalry, now of Phila- delphia), Harriet E. (^wife of Johnson Rankin, of Mercersburg, Pa., a retired farmer), Martha V. (wife of Hance Boyd, a retired farmer of Mercersburg, Pa). Mr. and ]\Irs. Knox were members of the United Presbyterian church, and died in Pennsylvania, leav- ing a large i'amiiy, ami the Doctor took charge of the property, and education oi the family, his youngest sister being but three years old. In 1852 the Doctor commenced reading medicine nnder Dr. David Horner, of Gettysburg, where he remained one year. In 1853 he came to Le Claire, la., where he still prosecuted his studies with Dr. Hills. In l854-'55 he attended lectures at the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, and in 1857 graduated at the Pennsylvania ]\[edical College. In the fall of the same year he came to Princeton, where he has followed his profession since. In 1851 the Doctor married Mary E. Culbertson, a daughter of Capt. John Culbertson, of Franklin Co., Pa., where she was born June, 1833. Mr. and Mrs. Knox are the parents of six children, four of whom are living, viz. : John A. (a practicing physician of Princeton, la.), Mary E., Samuel, Charles Me. The Doctor has always taken an active interest in the welfare of Princeton, and in 1855 laid out what is known as Kno.x addition. In politics was an old-line Whig, and at the time of the organization ot the Repub- lican party joined them, and has affiliated with them since. John Knox, M.D., Princeton, la., was born in Princeton. la., on the 30th day of September, 185-2, son of Dr. Samuel andMary E. (Culbertson) Knox. John in early life commenced the read- ing of medicine in his father's office. When 20 years of age he attended school in Monmouth College for two years. In the fall of 1873 he went to Philadelpliia, where he remained until the fall of 1874, when he entered the medic.il department of the University of Pennsylvania. This is given to show the standing of Dr. Knox: "We, the visiting physicians and surgeons and accoucheurs to the Philadelphia hospital, do certify that John Knox, M. t)., a gradu- ate of medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, has served a full time as resident physician and surgeon accoucheur in one of the largest institutions of the kind in the United States." Some of the prominent physicians who certify to the above: Wm. Pep- per, now provost of the University of Pennsylvania; Chas. J. Stelle, LL. D., Horatio C. Wood, Jr., James Tyson. L. A. Dumy. Wm. 0. Paneoast, John Brenton and others. Dr. Knox is a member of 1218 HISTORY OF scorr COtrNTT. the Scott County Medical Association, and takes an active interest in politics, being one of the leading spirits ot the Republican party. Mark Mathews vf as horn m Wayne Co., Ohio, Dec. 17,1834, Bon of John H. and Sarah (Butler) Mathews, who were married in Wooster, Wayne Co., Ohio, in June, 1832. They reared a family of 10 children — Mark, Ann, Frederick, Caroline (now the widow of Wm. Eli, who enlisted in the 16th Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and died of disease contracted in the army), Maria (now Mrs. Russell Hunt), James (who was a captain in the Union army, and died in tiie South, where he was engaged in business), Harry Ellen, Lucy and Elizabeth (now Mrs. Chas. Van Epps). Mr. John Mathews was a carpenter by trade, and built the court-house at Lewiston, 111. He was a member of the Republican party from its organization, and died Oct. 15, 1877. His widow is still liv- ing at tlie advanced age of 71 years. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm; his fatlier being a carpenter and joiner, he learned the trade. In 1865 he married Harriet Slaughter, a daughter of Theron Slaughter, of Essex Co., N. Y., where she was born Feb. 22, ISil. The fruit of this union is three children — Harry, born Jan. 19, 1868; Jennie, born Dec. 14, 1870; Jessie, born Dec. 22, 1879. In January, 1852, Mr. Mathews came to Scott County, where be worked at various branches of business. In 1862 he en- listed in the 20th Iowa Volunteer Infantry, Company G. He participated in the battle of Prairie Grove; his health failing, he received his discharge April, 1873. After being discharged from the army he purchased his present home. He has 120 acres of land all under a high state of cultivation, valued at §50 per acre. Mr. Mathews in politics is a Greenbacker, and has done more for the interest of the party than any other man in the county; not only has he given his time, but has spent money for the cause. Conrad T. Myers, one of the enterprising farmers and early settlers of Scott Co., was born in Rockland Co., N. Y., Jan. 8, 1809, son of Garrett and Jane (Tinkey) Myers. Mr. and Mrs. Myers were married in Rockland Co., N. Y., where 10 children were born. Mr. Myers was a laborer, and became a river man, working on the Hudson River between Albany and New York, and became the tirst pilot that ever ran a steam vessel, being employed by Robert Fulton on the tirst trip up the Hudson, and, as he claimed, never received any pay for his trip. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received a limited education. In April, 1834, he married Miss Sarah Oilman, a daughter of Joseph Oilman, a native of New England. She was born in Stock- bridge, Vt, June 10, 1811. The fruit of this marriage was seven children, tour of whom are living, viz.: Hannah (now the wife of Milo Pollock), Mary (now Mrs. James Swim), William C, Eveline (now Mrs. theo. Du Bois), Henry (died May 5, 1881), and two who died in infancy. In 1838 Mr. Myers emigrated to Jay Co., Ind; coming via Olean Point, headwaters of the Alle- ghany River, where he built a Hat-boat in company with another PRINCETON TOWNSHIP. 1219 emigrant, and floated down the river to Pittsburg, thence to Cincinnati, Ohio, being on the water lour weeks. In 1840 left Indiana for Scott County with teams to Cincinnati, Ohio, thence by rivers to Davenport, landing on the sixth day ot >f arcli. He tirst located in Pleasant Valley, where he remained until 1867, when he removed to his present home. Mr. Myers has a tine farm of 220 acres of land, and is extensively engaged in raising grain and stock. T/iomas M. Nbwlin, farmer and stock-raiser, Princeton, la., was born in Huntingdon Co., Pa., on tlie 25th day of September, 1820; son of Thomas and Mary (McMullen) Nowlin; fither a native of New York, and his motiier a native of Pennsylvania. They were married in Huntingdon Co., Pa., by David K. Porter, ex-Gov- ernor of Pennsylvania, where a family of eightchildren were born si.x sons and two daughters, two of whom are living, — Samuel (of Tyrone City, Pa.), and Thomas M. Mr. Nowlin, by occupation was a farmer, following it up to the time of his death, which occurred in 18.52, Mrs. jS'^owlin dying the same year. They were members ot the M. E. church. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received a common-school education. When 16 years of age was apprenticed to the tailor's trade for three years and one year under instructions. On Feb. 3, 1846, was married to Eliza "Williard, a daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Hull ) Williard, natives of Bradlbrd Co., Pa., where she was born Oct. 29, 1822. The fruit of this marriage was seven children, four sous and three daughters — Thomas W. (San Francisco, Cal.), Samuel F., Mary, Judge John B. (of the Black Hills, Probate Judge of Pennington Co., Dak.), Clark C. (now engaged in school- teaching at Rapid City, 111.), Isabell and Annie. Mr. Nowlin is an advocate ot education. All of his children e>rcept one were students at Cornell College, Mt. Vernon, la. In 1851 he left his home in Pennsylvania, and emigrated with his family to Scott County, and purchased a farm in \Vinfield Township, where they remained two years. From there he went to Princeton, where he built the Riverside House, which they occupied until 1855, and then purchased a farm in the neighborhood, where he now lives, where he removed, but soon after removed to Princeton, where they :emained until 186.3, when they came to their present home. Mr. Xowlin has 105 acres of land under a high state of cultivation, valued at $50 per acre. Had two sons in the Union Army, Thos. "W. (enlisted in the 10th la. Vol. Inf., Co. I.), and Samuel F. (in the 11th la. Vol. Inf., Co. C). t/okii B. Parcell, postmaster, Princeton, was born in Morris Co., N. J., Aug. 10, 1815. son of Stephen and Hannah (Bonnell) Parcell, natives of New Jersey, where the}' were married, and where one son was born, John B. In early life, followed the manufacture of spinning wheels, and engaged in business in New York City, and I3altiinore, Md. He ran a mill near Hoboken some time, which was destroyed by tire. In 1837, he 1220 HISTORY OK SCOTT COUNTY. left his family in New York with his brother and came to Illinois; from there to Iowa and located in Le Claire Township, sending for his family soon after. Mrs. Parcell came via St. Louis, where she was delayed by the ice and did not reach Iowa until in the spring. Mr. Parcell engaged in manufacturing clothing in Scott County, until his death, which occurred in 1S54. Mrs. Parcell is still liv- ing with her son, in Princeton, at the age of 91 years, hale and hearty. The subject of tiiis sketch came to the county in the fall of 1839. In the spring of 1842, married Catharine Smith. The frnit of this marriage was four childrer, viz.: Alice, now the wife of William H. Peters, of Atlantic, la.; Mary M., now the wife of Milton Jenkins, of Scott County, la.; Gertrude, who married Joseph Huey, of Clinton County, la. ; Stephen, died in infancy. Mr. Parcell has held several local offices of trust in the gift of the people. Has held the office of postmaster for the last 15 3'ears; also justice of the peace and notary public. Is a member of Swan Lodge, No. 234, i. O. 0. F. In politics, was an old-line Whig, but at the time of the organization of the Republi- can party, joined them and has affiliated with them since. Mr. Parcell was commissioned as recruiting officer and succeeded in raising a company for the 20th Iowa Vol. Inf., and received a commission as lieutenant of said company. Oiles M. Pinneo, retired farmer, is a native of Ducksburg, Washington Co., Vt., born April 10, 1809; son of Giles and Hannah (Davis) Pinneo, natives of Vermont, where they were married and six children were born. Mrs. Pinneo died about 1825. Mr. Pinneo again married, Mrs. Flora Gage, by whom he had two children. Mr. Pinneo was a volunteer in the war of 1812, and was an old-line Democrat. Mr. Giles Pinneo, Jr., was reared on a farm and obtained a good education in the public schools of Vermont. In the spring of 1S34, he left his home in the Green Mountain State for the then far West, coming by water to Detroit, Mich., then by teams to Illinois, striking the Fo.\ River 40 miles south of Chicago; from there he walked to Springfield, where he had a brother living. As that section of the country was very unhealthy, and wages were low, he did not tarry there long. His step-mother's brother, John Buridiam, having visited Scott County on a hunting expedition, persuaded him to come here. Having two brothers here he concluded to come. He went to Rock Islirid, arriving there on July 23, 1834. He was taken witli a fever and was confined to his bed some weeks. In the fall he came to Pleasant Valley Township, made a claim and built a cabin, remaining one year; then came to Princeton Township and located on the place where he now re- sides. His first summer here was spent in camp. In the fall of 1835 he erected a hewed log house. Mr. Pinneo married Ase- nath Strieker Nov. 30, 1837; she was born in Clarke County, Ind. Tbey were blessed with four children, of whom Char.es W., born Dec" 26, 1S39; Sarah, born Nov. 28, 1841, and Mnry E., born PRINCETON TOWNSHIP. 1221 May 28, 1844, are living. Mr. Pinneo is one of Scott County's earliest settlers and was the first to locate in Princeton Township. C W. Pinneo was born Dec. 25, 1839, on the place now known as the Pinneo homestead, and is tliercfore entitled to be called one of the old settlers of Scott County. lie was the only son of G. M. and Asenath Pinneo. Nothing more than ordinary occurred during his childhood and youth than liappens to all youth among the pioneers of a new country. His education was limited almost entirely to his own eftorts, as tiie common schools of his time were very inefficient, if not almost entirely worthless. He commenced his career as a common-school teacher in De- cember, 1857, in District No. 2, Princeton Township. Before this term closed he was employed to teach a term of school daring the comino; winter. Isaac T. Pope, deceased, one of Scott County pioneers, who emigrated to the county in about 1840, was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., Aug. 13, 1813, son of Esquire S. Pope and Sally Angel. When Isaac was a young man, liis parents moved to Steuben Co., N. Y., and in company with them, in 1836, removed to Quincy, Adams Co., 111. In January, 1834, mar- ried Mary A. Ilathbiirn, a daughter of AVashington Rathburn, of Connecticut. Mrs. Pope was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., March 15, 1814. The fruit of this union was nine children, five of whom lived to be adults, viz.: Sarah Jane, now Mrs. James Wood, of Scott County; Wm. II. II., married Mary Allen, of Pleasant Valley; Melvina, now Mrs, John Fanning, of Prince- ton; James K., who married Mary Green, of Missouri; George W., who married Maria Van Kpps, of Pleasant Valley. Mr. and Mrs. Pope came to Scott County poor, built a log cabin into which they moved, and from the wild prairies made a I'arm. There were plenty of Indians at the time. Mr. Pope remained on his farm until his death, which occurred in 1863. He died leaving a fine property — a farm of 160 acres, valued at %lh per acre. Robert II. Pope, Princeton, Iowa, lime and ^rain-dealer and steamboat agent, was born in ('henango Co., N. Y., on the second day of May, 1821, son of Esquire S. and Sally (Angel) Pope, natives of New "i'ork State, where they were married. By this union there was a family of 13 children, 12 of whom lived to adults, four now living — Casanda, William, Robert IL, and Justus. Mr. Pope was by occu]iation a farmer. In 1836 he left New York and with his family emigrated to Quincy. 111., where he followed farm- ing until IMO, when he removed to Ft. Madi.'^on, Iowa, where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1842, mother dying the same 3'ear, leaving a large family to mourn their loss. The subject of this sketch remained at home until his father's death, when lie came to Davenjiort, Iowa, and located in Pleasant Valley, where he embarked in farming. He engaged in the mercantile business, which he followed uji until 1851, when he moved to Le Cliiire and prosecuted tiie same business. The same year mar- 1222 HisTOEY OF scorr county. ried Angeline H. Stebbens, a daughter of Bishop and Hannah (Comstock) Stebbens, of New London, Conn., wliere she was born March 7, 1829. They were married Feb. 25, 1S52. The fruit of this marriage was .'[ead, a Presbyterian clergyman from the East. He came to the place in the winter of 1837-'38 and soon succeeded in gatherinntinued for many years, being supplied by itinerants of that church. The Presbyterians and the Methodists are the only religious de- nominations that have had organizations in the place. The Presbyterian denomination being in great need of a house of worship, in the spring of 1838, as a temporary expedient, pur- 71 (1227) 122S HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. chased the house tliathad been fitted up for a place of worship and a school-house, intending at a future time to build a house better adapted to their wants. This house was for several years the only place of public wor- shij) in the town. In the meantime, by a united efiort on the part of the citizens, a new church was built which became the property of the Methodist denomination. These two churches were used on the S:li Bloomei-, students of Iowa College, Davenport, organized a Union Sabbath school in the old M. E. church building, now standing a few yards from its old site in the town plat of Rockingham. This school had 50 enrolled names, and the teachers were ]>articular in regard to the memorizing of the Scriptures, a good custom now considered far behind the times. " Mary E. Mead, Muggie A. Coleman and Mary E. Mc Karg, misses in the intermediate class, recited almost complete the four Evangelists, during the summer, for in that day all countrj' Sab bath-schools went into winter quarters, or closed in October. At the spring opening the school was taken in care of the M. E. church, and John Coleman appointed suiierintendenf, who kept it in good working order for three successive summers. In 1855 the )ilace of meeting was elianged to the Franklin school-house, and was again union, with Mr. Etherel Camp for superintendent. This organization continued three years. About this time Rev. E. Mead conducted a Bible ela?s in the studv of the Westminister ROCKINGHAM TOWNSHIP. 1229 Shorter Catechism, with the Baker Exposition. This was held at another hour in a room in an old loo; house on the Mc Karg farm. In a few weeks we all went to the h ranklin and elected Mr. John Coates superintendent for two years. " In 1S64 it was thought best to have a school in Rockingham in- dependent of the Franklin, a^ it would get a few pupils from the river bank to attend wIiockuW not be inchiced to walk to the bluft. Mrs. John Willis had charge of this school, and at the close of tho summer the Franklin suj)eri!itendent, Mr. Charles Hamnora, was drafted, and on his leaving, the school was scattered and de- moralized. " Mrs. Willis worked on faithfully, summer and winter, for the terra of four years, when failing health compelled her to report the post vacant, and ask the Y. M. C. A., of Davenport, to or- ganize a school in Rockingham, which they did, Jan. 18. 1869, and provided us with a superintendent and one teacher a year. This school would scorn the idea ot closing during the winter months. "To say that the Rockingham Township Sabbath-schools have not tried to keep pace with the other religious instituiions of our county (for this is the only one in the township) would be injustice to oui- predecessors, and that we have ke]it pace would be better said by persons not so much interested as the writer." EDUCATIONAL. The tirst school in Rockingham was in the summer of ls37. It was taught by Miss Rhoda Vosburg, a neice of Judge W. L. Cook. Rev. Enoch Mead taught a four-months' school in the fol- lowing winter. The township has now two sub-districts, with 132 children of school age, an enrollment of 83, and two frame school- houses valued at $3,100. RELIGIOUS. Hock River Parish, located in the town of Rockingham, was organized at the house of Ira Cook, on tiie 15th day of June, 1843, with Rev. Zachariah II. Goldsmith in the chair, and S. S. Brown, secretary. A constitution was adopted, after which five vestry- men were chosen, out of which were elected two wardens, one treasurer and one secretary. The gentlemen elected were George B. Sargeant, Sec'y; Wm. Van Tnyl, Treas.; James Davenport and John Willis, Wardens; James Davenport, William Van Tuyl, S. S. Brown, John Willis and George B. Sargeant, Vestrymen. Their pastor was Rev. Zachariah 11. Goldsmith. Vir.LAGE OF ROCKINGHAM. The village of Rockingham was laid out in 1836, and platted by J. II. Sullivan, James Davenport, Adrian Davenport and others, and was located on section 8. In August of that year Col. Sullivan, 1230 HISTORY OF scorr county. with his family and some others, came out for settlement. The town on the iirst of May, of this year, contained two log cabins, one being occupied by A. H. Davenport and his family, and the other by a Mr. Foster. Mr. Sullivan brought with him a small slock of goods, and removing his store from Stephenson, now Rock Island, where lie had been trading for a year, he erected a small building, and soon opened a dry -goods and grocery store. In the fall and winter of 1836 Rockingham contained some 13 houses, and about 100 inhabitants, among whom were Colonel Sullivan and famiW, the Davenport families, Millington and Franklin Easley, John Coleman and brothers, William Lingo, William Mountain, Mr. Cole, John Willis, S. S. Brown, Henry C. More- head, David Sullivan, Etheral and J. M. Camp, William White, William Detro, H. W. Higgins, Cornelius Ilarrold, Richard Har- rison, James B. McCoy, E. H. Shepherd and Dr. E. S. Barrows. A large hotel was erected by J. H. Sullivan, James and A. H. Davenport, and some others in 1836, and kept for several years by H. W. Higgins, and was one of the best public houses west of the Mississippi River. Here thecount}' commissioners held their court until it was finally and irrevocably settled that Davenport was to be the county seat. Tradition has it that Judge Irwin held here a term of the District Court, but unfortunately there are no records of the event. The old hotel building yet stands, and is now known as the Farmers' Hotel. In the spring of 1S37 two more dry-goods stoies were opened in the village, one by the Davenports, and the other by John S. Sheller & Co. In the summer of 1837 a steam saw and flouring mill was erected by Mr. Sullivan, it being the first of the kind built in Scott County, in the Black Hawk purchase. This mill did effective ser- vice for many years. Even after the village ceased to e.xist, it con- tinued to do duty for the farmers in the neighborhood. It was torn down in 1852, the building being removed and re-erected as a barn, the machinery being taken to Le Claire and used in a mill in that village. In 1838 Rockingham contained 4.5 houses, including stores and work-shops, and in 1839 there were four dry-goods stores, three grocery stores, besides a drug store and some whisky shops. Mechanics of nearly all trades had settled here, and the town gave every evidence of thrift and long life. The cause of its decline will be found in Chapter I. under the head of the County Seat Contest. Rockingham made a desperate eflbrt to secure the county seat, and when that failed her hopes began to decline, and from the date the contest was decided in favor of Davenport, all efforts ceased to build up the place, and removals began, one by one, until to-day but four or five buildings stand upon the site of the once flourishing village. Speaking of those who were instru- mental in building up Rockingham, W. Barrows, writing in 1860 says: "Of the early settlersof Rockingham, many are still inhabitants of Scott County; some have died and many settled in this portion ROCKINGHAM TOWNSHIP. 1231 ot the State. "We should like to speak more in detail of the early- trials and difficulties tlirou^h wliicli the}' passed; of their joj-s and sorrows; of their disappointed ho]>es; and be allowed to follow each in his fortunes since tlie days of old llockingham, but the limits of this work will not allow. Tliere is, however, one truthful remark that may be written. No village in the far Wet^t at that day could boast of a better class of citizens, or those of whom she could be more proud, than Rockingham, botli on account of their high-toned moral character, tiieir social and friendly (jnalities, and for their kind and liberal attention to the sick and to the stranger. Many a wanderer from the home circle has been made to know this, when laid upon a sickbed, in a far Western village, lie has found the kindly tones and skillful hands of woman in his sick room, and had at the same time substantial proof that he was not forgotten by the 'sterner sex.' " A postoffice was established at llockingham in 1836, with J. H. Sullivan as postmaster. It was continued until 1841, and then discontinued, but re-instated again, and finally discontinued about 1851. FRUIT. The farmers of Rockingham have made a specialty of fruit-rais- ing, beginning the work at a very early date. In 1840 a Quaker from Indiana came up tlie river with a load of grafted trees, stop- ping at Rockingham and dis])osing of his stock. The stock was admirably adapted to the climate, and the fruit was of good qual- ity. Among those who have made a specialty of tine fruit were: Rev. E. Mead, John Friday, Sanford Stevens and Richard Jenkins. BIOGRAPHICAL. John M. Friday was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, May 18, 19, son of Oharles Jacob Friday, who was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1788, and came to America in 1832, arriving in Dav- enport, la., April 15 of that year, lie died in Scott County in June, 1853. The subject of this sketch attended school in Ger- many until he came to this country with his father, and to Iowa, then the Black Hawk purchase, in 1832, where the family had to live in wagons, as there were no cabins here at that time. His sister Caroline (now Mrs. George Winton) was born in a wagon, May IS, 1832. She was the first white child born in the county. Mr. John Friday broke the first jirairie and fenced the first 10 acres of land in Rockingham Township, and planted it in corn in June, 1836. He also planted the first api)ie-trees in the township, bringing the seed with him from Indiana. He planted the first fall wheat in the county, in 1^36. He claims to have helped get out the first mill timbers in the county, at Rockingham, that was supposed to be the only mill between St. Louis and Dubuque, on 1232 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. the Mississippi Eiver. Mr. Friday was married on May 6, 1847, to Elizabeth Forgey. Their union has been blessed with eight chil- dren — Caroline, born Mar. 13, 1848; Nancv, Apr. 8, 1850; Anna D., Aug. 22, 1852; Sarah E., Dec. 26, 1854; Minerva, June 2, 1856; Mary L. Oct., 16, 1859, and John M., July 19, 1SG2. Mr' Friday came to Scott County a poor man; he is now one of the heaviest tax-payers in this township. He own 240 acres of land in Rockingham Township, 400 in Blue Grass Township, and 120 acres in Davenport, making 760 acres in all. He has held the offi- ces of road commissioner, school director and school trustee of his township. He is classed with the enterprising and influential men ot the county, and has done much to improve it in every way, and is one of those who can look with pride and satisfaction on the results of their labors in bringing Scott County to its present pros- perous condition. Henry Manse is a native of Mecklenburg, Germany, born Feb. 7, 1849. He emigrated to America in 1878, and located in Daven- port, Dec. 11 of that year. H s marriage with Maggie Wolf occurred Feb. IS, 1879. By this union there were two children, one living. He is engaged in farming on Offirman's Island, which contains 300 acres oi land. He farms 120 acres, raising 50 to 75 bushels of corn an acre, which he feeds to his stock, as he considers this the most profitable way to dispose of his crop, always finding a ready sale in Davenport for his stock. jRev. Enoch Mead, the subject of the following narrative, was the first Presbyterian clergyman to make a permanent settle- ment in Scott County. He was born in Greenwich, Conn., Sept. 2, 1809. His parents were Colonel Ebenezer Mead and Elizabeth (Holmes) Mead, both of Puritan descent. The family homestead is situated at the foot of Putnam's hill, and the farm, which has been in the family for several generations, having been purchased direct from the Indians, includes that historic place. His grand- father, Gen. Ebenezer Mead, of the flevolutionary war, was stand- ing in the road in front of his house, and saw Gen. Putnam dash down the rocky precipice at break-neck speed, the British dragoons being in close pursuit. A full life-size likeness of Gen. Mead now adorns the home of the grandson in Iowa in the uniform of a major-general. Col. Ebenezer Mead held the rank of colonel of Connecticut militia for many years, including the war of 1812. Enoch Mead lived with his parents on the farm, attending the dis- trict school in the winter, and in the summer working on the farm, until the age of 14 years. The farm being situated on Long Island Sound, he spent much of his leisure time in boating, fish- ing, swimming and hunting. His parents at this time believing that a good education was better than a farm, proposed to him to quality himself for a professional lite. The proposal was no sooner made than accepted. He commenced by entering the classical school in Stamford, taught by J. B. Ferris, Esq., a graduate of Tale College. At the expiration of two years his teacher pro- ROCKINGHAM TOWNSHIP. 1233 noimced hiin qualified to pass tliron»h that "ordeal" required of all who become nieinbers ot coUeffe. In September, lS2t!. he ap- plied for adinissio!! to Yale College; passed a creditable examina- tion and was admitted as a member. In September, 1830, after four years of college life, he gr.uhiated with liis class, then num- bering 70 members. He thcTi returned to his early home and spent a few anxious weeks in deciding upon his future course in life. The result was, he chose the profession of a clergyman, and in the fall of 1S30 became a member of the Theological Seminary, at Auburn, New York. In this institution he pursued the usual three years' course of study. Before completing his course he was licensed tu preach the gospel, by the Cayuga Presbytery, April 17, 1833. The first public services in his new jtrofession were per- formed in the Presbyterian church, of Lockport, New York. It was his intention when this engagement was tilled to "go West," he havitig then in possession a commission from the American Home Missionary Society, appointing him to a Western lield. About this time he received a call to become pastor of the Congre- gational church, of New Ilavcn, Vt. This call was accepted, and on Jan. S, 183-1, he was ordained and installed pastor of that church, succeeding the Rev. Dr. Bates, President of Middlebury College. Mr. Mead's ministry in New Haven was a decided suc- cess. A powerful revival of religion soon followed, and as a result the church, which numbered about 200 at his settlement, was in- creased by frequent additions until it had doubled in numbers and streng'th, when he resii;ned his charge. The winter of 1836 and '37 in Vermont was a severe one. Snow fell to the depth of four feet on a level. On the 10th of May fol- lowing loaded teams could be seen crossing Lake Champlain in the widest part on the ice. It was under these circumstances that the young pastor decided to seek a more genial climate, although in so doing he was obliged to break away from a united and pros- perous church. While in Vermont, in addition to the care of his church, he performed the duties of chaplain for the Second Regi- ment of the Third Brigade of Vermont Militia, having received his commission from the Governor of the State. While in New Haven Mr. Mead was married on the 20th of Jan- uary, 1835. to Miss Mary E. James, oldest child and daughter of Deacon Samuel James, a successful farmer of Middlebury, Vt. He was a soldier of the war of 1812, and was one of the vol- unteers who fought for his country' at the celebrated battle of Plattsburg, where the British were defeated on land and water. The union of Mr. Mead in marriage with Miss James was in all re- spects a wise one. The two have lived happily together for near halt a centur}', and if spared a few years longer, can celebrate their f olden wedding. Thev have two children, a son and daughter— anies R., remove! to Kansas in 18.59, and is njw a leading citizen of the flourishing city of Wichita ; Mary E., graduate;! with the 1234 HiSTORr OF scott county. highest honors of her class at the Female CjUegiate Itistitate, For Plain, New York. Mr. Mead being released from his charge in Vermont had now an opportunity to "go West," iu accordance with a long-cherished wish and purpose. Leaving his family in the care of his parents in Connecticut he set his face toward the setting sun, having no particular destination in view. His route was by the way of Phil- adelphia, Pittsburg, the Ohio River and up the Mississippi to Alton, 111. While resting in Alton from the fatigue ofatiiree weeks' journey, a pro-slavery mob destro>'ed the printing-press, and murdered the publisher of the Alton Observer, Elijah P. Love- joy. Mr. Mead with a few sorrowing friends attended the funeral of this early martyr to the cause of emancipation and administered the last solemn rites. From Alton he ])roceeded up the Illinois River to Peoria, the last boats of the season having gone up the Mississippi. Thence lie went to Knoxviile, the end of public travel at tliat time. Leaving there his baggage, he set out on foot and alone for Rosk Island, whicli he readied after three days' travel over a new country, aluiost without roads and bridges, with the settlements from 10 to 15 miles apart. Arriving at Rock Island he passed direct to Davenport, then a new town containing about a half dozen families. Learning at this place that there was a town four miles below called Rock- ingham, then the county seat, and already containing several hun- dred inhabitants, he traveled down to that place and received a hearty welcome as a minister of the gospel. It was represented to him that the " Sabbath had not crossed the Mississippi," but the people generally desired a Christian mini-ter to settle among them and establish there religious institutions. Mr. Mead, believing that this was a promising field for usefulness, accepted the invita- tion to remain. He soon gathered a congregation, organized a Presbyterian churidi, and continued his services as a minister of the gospel until the decline of the town caused by the removal of the county seat to Davenport. During the llrst winter, as the children were growing up in ignorance, he gathered and taught a village school for one term and then returned East for his family. When at the East he boxed his goods and books and sent them to his Iowa home, via New York. New Orleans, and the Mississippi River. Then purchasing a span of horses and a covered spring wagon he bade farewell to the Green Mountain State, and with his family set out tor his new home 1.200 miles distant. His overland journey was made without accident, the weather being iine and the roads good, the longest stretch on the journey without a house being 40 miles. The journey was made in a little more than a month. The once prosperous town of Rockingham now commenced a rapid decline, which continued until it was nearly deserted of in- habitants; the church that had be^n organized was swallowed up by the Metropolitan Church in Davenport. Mr. Mead then devoted ROCKINGHAM TOWNSHIP. 1235 himself to tlie luissioiiarj work in ids own and tlie adjoining coun- tries, and for many years continued this work. At Jilue Grass and other })laces he supplied the gathered congregation for more than 10 years. He often made missionary tours to the distance of 100 miles, and the last year he traveled 3,000 miles. Finding that riding over the prairies in sunshine and storm, e.\]iosed to all the vicissitudes of this clianging climate, his health was failing he retired from the work and has for most ])art since that time been engaged in agricultural and horticultural pursuits. lie is now a member of the State Horticultural Society, takes an active part in their dis- cussions; also contributes articles for their annu:il reports. His liome is four miles below the center of the city of Davenport, and comnum'is a chirming view of t'le great river for several miles, and of the twin cities, Davenport and Kock Island. Mr. Mead is a Repub'ican in ])olitics and has always given the party a hearty support. He is not an office seeker, but has often been elected to fill tlie most important offices in his township and the county. He served one term as county supervisor. He is a member of the Pioneer Association and has served as })resident of that society. His habits are strictly temjierate; has never used tobacco in any form. He with his family still retain their con- nection with the Presbyterian church. He has never lost his interest in books and literary exercises; has a valuable private library of from 400 to 500 volumes, and is in constant receipt of tlie best jieriodical literature of the da}'. He is a friend of the poor and does all in his power to improve their condition. Kind, generous and open-hearted, he is respected and beloved by the people with whom his lot is cast. Although in his 73d year,haviug endured the hardships of pioneer life for 43 years, he is in posses- sion of all his faculties, attends personal!}- to his extensive farming operations, and is the only remaining representative in Rocking- ham of that enerifetic and determined band who labored so hard to make it a famous city. He s-till cherishes ])leasant mem irios of the old homestead and its surroundings where he spent his youth- ful days, and the i)ast winter visited the place for the 12th time since he removed to Iowa. James li. Mead, son of Enoch Mead, was born in New Haven, Vt., May 3, 1836. He resided with his fixther until some 20 years ago when he moved to Kansas. The first five years of his residence there was spent in hunting and trapi>ing, and as an Indian trader; he established a trading-))ost, lieing licensed by the Government while hunting on the plains. He shut with his gun 3,000 head of buffalo, besides trapj)ipg a large number of wolves and other games. He afterward turned his attention to politics and was elected by the Re])ublican party to the Legislature, serving in both Houses. Subsequently engaged in railroading and banking; also speculated in mining in Colorado. He was superintendent of the road from Newton to Wichita while it was being constructed, and was elected president of the road. At the 1236 HISTOBT OF SCOTT COUNTY. present time he is engaged in conducting a large farming operation in the vicinity of Wichita, of which city he is an lionored and esteemed citizen. He is now president of the Old Settlers' Association of the county in which he i-esides. Peter fl. Nagal was born in Holstein, Germany, April 5, 1835. He came to this country in 1S7S, ami at this date, March 20, 1882, has been in the county 16 years. He landed first in New York City and came from there direct to Davenport. For the last 10 years has lived in Roekingham and followed the occupation ot gardener. His principal business now is the cultivation of a vine- yard. Mr. Nagal's family consists at present of himself, wife and seven children. Two of the children were born in Germany, and five in this country. Mr. Nagal is a good citizen, industrious and of correct habits; is succeeding well in his business and has the good will of all his neighbors. SHERIDAN TOWNSHIP. Sheridan Townslii]) was organized as late as 1S66, and much of the early history ot the settlement of its territory has been told in connection with the history of the townships, of which it originally formed a part. At a session of the Board of Supervisors, in January, 1866, in accordance with a petition of its residents, townsliip No. 79, range 3 east, was set apart and separately organized into a new township, to be known as ''Phil Sheridan Township." The north half, IS sections, was taken from AVinfield Township and the southern IS sections from Davenport. At the same session of the board the prefix " Phil" was omitted, and the township styled '' Sheridan;" and its voters were notified to meet on the second Tuesday of October of that year, to elect three trustees, one clerk, two justices of the peace, two constables, one assessor and one supervisor. Clans H. Kuhl's tavern was the first polling place, and though now a private residence, is still used for election purposes, as also for meetings of the Town Trustees, School Board and Board of Equalization. 11. II. Frye was the first Supervisor, James Quinn, Gilbert "Wicks and Christ Vogt, Trustees; Anderson Martin, Assessor; B. F. Berkey, Clerk; Wm. Saddoris and Asmus H. Lamp. Jus- tices of the Peace; Peter Weis and James Morrison, Constables. There are two postofHces in the township, at Mount Joy, kept b}' Peter "Wiese, and at Eldridge Junction, with J. D. McCormick as postmaster, although the business of the office is conducted by E. V. Van Eps, in connection with his general merchandise store. EARLY SETTLERS. The first settler in the territory now comprising Sheridan Town- ship was a Mr. Sloper, who settled on section 2S, in 1840. He was followed by Lyman Osborn. in 1841, who located on section 29. Among others to brave the hardships of pioneer life and settle in this then desolate and uninhabited ])art of the county, were ex- Gov. Kush, Hans Shnekloth, Claus Ilagcrdorn, Joseph Seaman, Wm. Rigg, Dr. A. J. Emeis, Bcnj. Barr, Gilbert Wicks. Capt. LeMarinel, C. Meyer, John and Xathan Greer, Moses Farber, James and Joseph Quinn, Christ Vogt, Peter Blunk, Hans and Juergen Schmidt. The first prairie broken was by Mr. Sloper, who settled on what is now section 28. Tiie first blacksmith shop was run by Henry Kuntzen, on section 2.5. Dr. A.J. Emeis was the first resident physician in the township. (123TJ 1238 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. TILLAGES . There is but one village in Sheridan Township — Eldridge Junction, established in 1871 by J. M. Eldridge. It is situated in the eastern part of the township, on section 11, at the junc- tion of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad and the Maquoketa Branch. Soon after the advent of the railroad, shops were located here by the company, giving employment to a large number of workmen. This gave an impetus to the young village, and for a time the prospects were good for a large and thriving settlement; but the railroad magnates saw fit, some years since, to remove the shops, which was a deatii blow to the embrj-o "City of Eldridge." Many of its business ])laces, hotels, etc., were soon after closed, and a number of buildings have since been torn down and removed from the place. At present the village contains but one store, in which a general line of goods is kept by Mr. Van Eps, who, however, does a good business. Tiiere is a meat market, a barbed-wire factory, shoe shop, church, scliool-liouse, hotel and postoffice in the village. EDUCATIONAL. The first school election in the township was held in 1867, when the following board was cho-en: Alex. Murrison, James Calderwood, Albert Brugman, Henry Fellner, A. J. Emeis, Wm. Rogers. There are nine sub-districts in the townsliip, with a frame school-house in each, the total value of which is estimated at $10,700. There are 483 puoils in the township, with an enroll- ment of 297. CntJECHES AND SOCIETIES. Sheridanhas butone church building and organization, thatof the Presbyterian society of Eldridge Junction, which was built about the year 1874. It numbers about 20 members. James Mason was the first pastor, and was followed by the Revs. Bishop, Spin- ney, and Williams, the latter being the present pastor. There is a Sabbath-school in connection with the church. Eldridge Lodge , No. 132, A. O. U. W., was organized in 1877, with John Rogers, P. M. W.; E. T. Morgan, M. AV., J. W. David- son, G. F.; J. D. McCormick, O. ; J. A. Pollock, Recorder; Jas. Youmans, Financier; G. A. Hastings, Receiver; P. Herbold, G; J. G. Quinn, I. W. ; L. Cohnan, O. W. It now has a member- ship of about 15, and at one time it had nearly 25. BIOGRAPHICAL. Peter Arp was born in Holstein, Germany, Feb. 5, 1830. His father was Peter Arp, also a native of that country. Tiie subject of this memoir came to the United States in 1849, and after spe'nd- V ■» SHERIDAN TOWNSIIIl". 1239 ing two winters in Missouri lie came to Scott County, whore he lias resided since. Jle worked for the first three years by tlie month; then purchafod his ])resent farm of 178 acres, on section 22 Sheridan 'L^wnship, which is under gooil improvement and well stocked, lie alsD owns 169 acres in sections 23 and 24. He was married Sept. 2, 185-1, to Minnie Fellner, a native of Hanover, Germany. They have had seven children, tive livin^; — Henry, Emma, Willie, , Johnnie and Lizzie. The family are members of the Lutheran church. i[r. Arp held the jiosition of township trus- tee one term, and is one of the jHMininent men of the county. John Berkeij was born in Northampton Co., Pa., Oct I'J, 1821. His father was Christian Berkey, a native also of that State, whose ancestors came to Pennsylvania during the time of William Penn. The subject ot this record was reai'cd on a farm, and was educated in the German and English languages in the common schools of his native State. When he was 11 years old he became crippleil from white swelling. He began to learn the tailor's trade when 17 years old, which he followed until 1S57. He was married in No- vember, ISH, to Mary Heller, of Pennsylvania. To them have been born 13 children, six living, viz.: Benjamin F., James M., Amanda M., Alvin J.,Emeline A[. and Lizzie. In 1853 Mr. Berkey came to this count}' and bought land in section 13, Sheridan Town- ship. He moved his family here in 1857. He has his land all under good cultivation, and valued at §100 an acre. He was jus- tice of the peace in his township three years, and has held other offices, llis wife is a member of the Presbyterian church. M. C. J. Boecken, proprietor of the Boecken House, opposite the C, M. & St. P. depot, Eldridire, was born in Germany, xVpril 24, ISlrt). His father was Clans Boecken, born also in that country. Jan. 26, 1818, he married Anna Melckert, born Dec. 31, 1817; they now reside with the subject of this sketch, who came to this county in 1867. He was engineer on the Mississippi River six years, in the United States employ; was one of the workmen on the new bridge at Davenport, and engineered on the canal at Keo- kuk twoj'cars. He was married May 25, 1S77, to Lena Peterson, daughter of A. Peterson, of Davenport, where she was born and reared. They have one child — Clara Christina. Mr. Boecken erected a fine house in 1880. It is two stories high and is 61 x 42 feet. John Bostian, farmer, section 30, Sheridan Township, was born in Jlecklenburg, Schwerin, Germany, Alarch 3, 1824. His parents were James and Mary (Karr) Bostian. They had two boys and two girls. John was the youngest. He attended school until 14, then learned the wagon-maker's trade, which business he followed until the fall of 1849, when he came alone to the United States; was two months at sea; landed in New Orleans, where he worked on a farm for his uncle near New Orleans 18 months; then came to Davenport, la. He worked here 13 months, when he bought a farm in Butler Township, where he remained until 1869, when he 1240 HISTOET OF SCOTT COUNTY. purchased his present farm in Sheridan Township. He married Miss Dora Nees, Maj, 1853. The fruit of this marriage was four children, viz.: Henrj', Adolph, Ida and Ella. The mother died March 28> 1865. Mr. Bostian married Miss Mary Drefs .July 1, 1867. She was born in Germany, and her father was Christopher Drefs. Mr. and Mrs. Bostian have had eight children, viz.: Meta, Rudolph, Herman, Ferdinand, Maleta, Alma, John and Otto. Mr. Bostian owns a farm of 160 acres in Lincoln Township and 160 in Sheridan Township; both farms are under cultivation and well stocked. He is one of the representative farmers of Scott County, where he has been identified since 1850. In politics he is a Re- publican. Albert Brugman was born in Holland, Sept. 9, 1829, son of John Brugman, a native also of that country. Albert was reared on a farm, and obtained an education in the common schools of Hol- land. He came to this country in 1854, and located in Davenport, la. He remained there two years; then in 1856 went to farming in Rockingham Township. In 1858 hebought a farm of 160 acres in Siieridan Township, which he still owns, He was married, April 17, 1855, to Mrs. Sevilla Belkeo, nee Bomberg, a daughter of Frederick £. Bomberg, who came to Scott County in 1838. They were the first German family who settled in Davenport. Mr. and Mrs. Brugman have two children — John and Minnie. Mrs. Brugman was the widow of Henry Belken, by whom she had six children, three living — Julia, Mary and Henry. Members of the Catliolic Chnrch. Henry Calderood ^&s born in the county of Antrim, Ireland, Feb. 2, J 8 19. His father was Matthew Calderood, a native also of that place. Henry came to the United States and landed in New York City in 1847. He remained there one month then went to a farm near Boston, Mass., and hired for§ll. 50 a month for one year. In December. 1849, he went to Philadelphia, Pa., where he lived until the spring of 1851, then came to Scott County and i-esided in Le Claire one year; then purchased his present farm of 278 acres in Sheridan Township, and is extensively engaged in farming and stock-breeding. He was married in Philadeli)liia to ISTancy A. Carson. March 18. 1850. To them have been born eight children, two living — Lizzie and Matthew Henry. They lost four of their children in one week, of scarlet fever. One son, Cameron, was burned to death by kerosene, at the age of 10 years. Mr. and Mrs. Calderood are members of the Presbyterian church at Eldridge. Selah H.-Clajyp, a son of Spencer Clapp, a resident of Daven- port, was born in Portage Co., Ohio, Feb. 16, 1847. The subject of this sketch moved to Davenport with his parents in 1855, where he resided four years, then moved on to his present farm in Sher- idan Township. He was married to Abigail Quinn, Aug. 3, 1871. She is a daughter of Erving Quinn, of Sheridan Township. Mr. and Mrs. Clapp have three'" children— Eddie, Willie and Georgie. SHERIDAJJ TOWNSHIP. 12'11 The family reside in Eldridge. Mr. Clapp is a member of the A. O. U. W. Lodge. Himself Iind wife are members of the Christian church at Long Grove. His brother, James, died at Vicksburg in the Union service. He was a member of the 20th Iowa In fan try. Samuel Clark, a son of Samuel Clark, Sr., a native of Ireland, was horn Sept. 3, 1S2S, in Lower Canada. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of his native country. He came to Scott County in October,lSJ4,and located in Allen's Grove Township; farmed there until 1SG5, when he came to this town- ship and settled on section 17, on a farm of 40.5 acres, which is his pretciit home. Mr. Clark has been very successful in a financial way, and is classed ainon<; Stiott County's most able citizens; has held various townshi]) offices, lie was married in 1S49 to Rebecca Ewart. They have been blessed with 13 children, viz.: George, James M., John, Jane M., Christie Y., Mary H., "William L., Eobert II., Samuel, Wallace W., Agnes R. and Angues C. John T. Cooper was born in Cambria Co., Pa., March 26. 1837, His ]iarents were Leonard and Julia A. Cooper, nee Elder, the for- mer a native of Maryland, the latter of Pennsylvania. They came to this county in 183S, and located in Long Grove. There was a farrow broken from Davenport to that place, and they moved in wagons drawn by horses. Mrs. Cooper walked and carried James, then a child, nearly all the way. Their first house was built of rails and chinked with leaves and covered with bark. Leonard Cooper died Oct. 29, 18G0; his wife resides with the subject of tliis sketch. John T. enlisted in the civil war in Co. C, 20th Iowa Inf Vol. Participated in the battles of Praiiie Grove, Vicks- burg, Port Hudson, Fort Morgan, Fort Blakely and others. He was married June 4, 1867, to Anna Glynn, by whom he has had six children; five survive, viz.: Charles T., Francis A., William A., Mary, Malissaand Anna I. Mr. Cooper owns 200 acres of ex- cellent farming land on section .5. Is an enterprising farmer and a prominent citizen of Scott County. Hugh Donnelly was born in Scotland. March 2, 1829. He is a son of Bernard Donnelly, a native of Ireland, who emigrated to America with bis family in 1835 and located in New York, where they remained until 1852, when they came to Davenport; resided there until 1858, then removed to Sheridan Township, where they now re.^ide and own a fine farm of 100 acres on section 31. Tiie subject of this biography was married in 1852 to Rosanna Mc Guire. ' They have 10 children— William, Mary xV., John, Katie, Maggie, James, Frank, Elizalteth, Hugh and Minnie M. Tiie familv are memljers of the Catholic church. Ilans Dammann is a son of Henry Dammann, a native of Hol- stein, Germany, where our subject was born Oct. 3. 1833. Hans left his home' in Germany for the United States in 1854. He came to Scott County and" located in Sheriilan Township, where he worked by the month for two years; he then bought 50 acres 1242 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. of land on section 14, wliicli he still owns, and where he is en- gaged in farming and stock-raising. He was united in marriage with Katie Baass in 1865. To them have been born nine children — Anne, Emma, Alvina, Amanda, Amelia, Edward, Henry, Charley and Emil. The family are membei's of the Lutheran church. Htrman H. Frye, farmer and stock- raiser, was born in Hanover, Germany, Feb. 4, 1830, and is a son of Earnhardt Frye, also of German nativity. The subject of this biography left his native country for America in 1846, arriving here in January of that year. He went to St. Louis, Mo., where he was engaged in various em- ployments 10 year.«. He came to Davenport, Iowa, in January, 1856. He remained there two years, and then came to this township and purchased a farm of unbroken prairie land on section 30. His farm contains 120 acres, and is now finely cultivated. He has erected a fine brick residence on his place at a cost of $3,500, and a barn 40 x 64 feet, costing 82,000. His farm is all fenced and partially laid out in thriving groves and orchards— all the accumu- lation of his own iridustry and labor. He was married in 1856 to Louise Rier, a native of Prussia, and by whom he has had 10 chil- dren, six living, viz.: George, William, Cliailes, Frank, Julia and Elizabeth. Their daughter Emma died at the age of 13 years. John Grieve was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, on Marcli 1, 1832. His father, John Grieve, was a Scotchman by birth, and emigrated with his family to this country in 1844 and settled in Wiiitield Towns-hip. He was a blacksraiih by trade, but followed farming after coming to this country until his death, which oc- curred in tlie fall of 1876. John Grieve, Jr., was reared on a farm and educated in the common-schools. He was united in marriage with Georgiana Morrison Oct. 13, 1859. They have eight children — Isabella J., Ellon, Georgiana, Elizabeth, Annie, Agnes, Jessie M. and Lundy Lloyd J. Mr. Grieve is a member of A. O. U. W. Lodge and of the Christian church at Long Grove. He is one of the wealthy farmers of the county and owns 200 aces of rich land in section 2, Sheridan Township. He is exten- sively engaged in farming and stock-raising, althongii his fore- fathers for six generat'ons have been blacksmiths by trade. James Grieve was born in Winfield Township, Sept. 16, 1847, son of John Grieve, now deceased, who came to Scott County in 1844, and was one of the pioneers of the county, and a man well respected in the community in which he lived. James Grieve re- ceived an education in the district schools of his native place. His niarriatie to Jantt Hardie occurred Dec. 25, 1873. She is a daughter of David Hardie, a resident of Winfield Township. Mr. and Mrs. Grieve have been blessed with three children — John, George and Frank. Mr. Grieve is one of the prominent farmers and stock-breeders of the county, and owns 80 acres of fine farm- ing land on section 2, Sheridan Township. PeterW. Ilagedorn is a native of Holstein, Germany, born Nov. 3, 183^. lie came witii his parents to this county in 1847. The SHERIDAN TOWNSHIP. 1243 now finely cultivated county of Scott was at tliat time au un- broken prairie, abounding in deer and wolves, Indians being very common. Timber had to be hauled from the Wapsie, a distance of 14 miles, across the open prairie. Mr. Hagedorn now owns a fine farm on section 15, and is an extensive stock-raider; he makes a specialty of short horns and graded cattle, and is known as a breeder of Clydesdale horses from an imported sire, lie was married April 2, 1860, to Eliza Schwarten. To them have been born 12 children, three deceased. His father, Claus Hagedorn, is now a resident of Davenport. Christian Hagedorn is a native of Holstein, Germany, born Dec. 13, 1834. His father, Clans Hagedorn, came to the United States with his family in the spring of 1847, and settled in Dav- enport, and now lives in Sheridan Township. Davenport, at that time, was but a small village; lumber had to be brought from Moline on rafts rowed by men. Claus Hagedorn helped to build the first dam constructed on the Mississippi River at Moline. The subject of this sketch was the recipient of a good education in his native country. He was married in I860, to Mary Schlotfeldt. To them have been born three children, viz.: Lenora, Fidelia and Gnstave, now deceased. Mr. Hagedorn is one of Sheridan Town- ship's most enterprising and energetic citizens. He has held the office of township trustee four 3'ears. John J. Hamann, a son of Henry D. Hamann, a native of Schleswig, Germany, was born at that place, Oct. 5, 1824. He emigrated to this country in 1857, and settled in Davenport Township, where he rented land some time. In 1875 he bought a farm of 160 acres on section 34, which was but partially improved; he now has his farm under a high state of cultivation and is one of Scott County's repre:;entative fanners and stock-raisers. Pre- vious to coming to this country he was married to Louise Grimm, Apr. 17, 1857. They have had a family of seven children, two deceased. The living are — John E., Ludwig C, Alvine, Henry and Adele. Mr. John Ilamann's brother, Hans D., came to this county in 1847, and located in Davenport. Soon after he came to this township, where he kept bachelor's hall with Mr. Chris. Peterson. Jaeoh riageii, son of Jurgen Ilagen, was born May 3, 1817, in Holstein, Germany. He came to Scott County in 1868, where he rented land nine years, then purchased a farm of 80 acres, on sec- tion 30, this township, whicii lie has since improved. He is known as an extensive farmer and stock-raiser, and is an enterprising citizen of Sheridan Township. He was married in 1844 to Mag- dalina Niemer. Their married life has been blessed with seven children, viz.: Christian, John, Jochim, C'atharine, Mary, "Wil- helmeina and Herman. Mr. Hagen is a member of the Lutheran church. Henry He^Jcenn, son of John Helkenn, was born in Holstein, Germany, Aug. 26, 1821. He followed the trade of stone mason 79 1244 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. until his arrival in this country in 1858, since which time lias been engaged in agricultural pursuits. His marriage to Magdalina Rnsch took place Nov. 1, 1847. Their married life has been blessed with 10 children, eight living — John, Margaret, Hans, Boye, Henry, Nicholas, Gustav and Julius. Mr. Helkenn owns 200 acres of finely cultivated land on section 2, Sheridan Town- ship, and also 220 acres in AVinfield Township, and is classed among the enterprising and prosperous farmers of this county. Michael Kdly, a native of Ireland, was born March 13, 1836. His fatlier, Timothy Kelly, was also a native of the Emerald Isle. Michael came to this country and located in Scott County, in May, 1859. He rented land for two years, then leased his present farm for four years, purchasing it before the lease expired. He married in Ireland in 1858, Delia Agnes O'Fane, born in that country. They have had a family of 13 children, 11 surviving, viz.: Lizzie, Thomas, Kate, Walter, Theodore, Michael, James, Magffie, Agnes, Lottie and Delia. Mr. Kelly is a prominent farmer and stock-breeder of Sheridan Township, and owns a farm of 320 acres of finely improved land. The family are members of the Catholic church. C. H. K%M is a native of Holstein, Germany, and was born Dec. 3, 1830. His father, Clans Kuhl, was likewise of German nativity. He came to Scott County in 1852, and in the fall of that year went to St. Louis, returning in 1853. In 1854 he made a trip to Vicks- burg. and in 1855 located permanently in this county. On Nov. 25, 1856, he was married to Elizabeth Thompson, of Sweden. They have four children — Henry, Amelia, Emma and William. Mr. Kuhl served his township as supervisor several years. He resides on section 14, Sheridan Township, where he owns a finely cultivated farm. A. H. Lam]} is a son of Glaus Lamp, a native of Germany, who is now living in Davenport Township, at the age of 81 years. Our subject was born Jan. 18, 1836, in Holstein, Germany. He came with his parents to Davenport in 1847, remained there until 1S5S, when he came to this township and settled on a farm on section 15. He was married in 1858 to Lena A. Klindt, of Germany. They have had six children, four living, viz. : Minnie, Emma, August and Augusta. Mr. Lamp is one of the most extensive farmers and stock-raisers in Sheridan Township ; he owns 160 acres where he resides, and 520 acres in the township. He has held various township offices of trust. John Lang, son of Gavin Lang, of Scotch nativity, was born April 15, 1824, in County Lanark, Scotland. He was married in his native country to Margaret Young, March 13, 1846 ; she was born in Linlithgowshire, Scotland. They have had ten children, viz. : Gavin, William, Margaret, Agnes, Jeanette, Jane, John and Bessie. The family are all professed Cliristiaas. In 1847 Mr. Lang and wife came to the United States; they stayed at Albany, N. Y., six months, thence to Venango Co., Pa. In March, 1851, SHERIDAN TOWNSHIP. 1245 Mr. Lang caine to Scott Countj and looked at tlie land. Being pleased with the outlook iiere he returned to PtnuBylvania I'or his family in April of that year. He bought a farm of 160 acres of raw prairie on section 11. He went to work with a will to improve his land and establish a home tor his fiimily in this new country, and success has attended his efforts. He has a number of large trees on his farm, which he raised from seed. Anderson, Martm, a son of Joseph Martin, of New York State, was born Aug. 9, 1827, in Ottawa Co., N. Y. His early life was spent on his father's farm, in his native State, where he attended the district schools and obtained a good education. Accompanied by his parents he came to S?,ott County in ISl-fJ. This county was at that time in astate of nature, and the hoiaeofmany savage tribes. Wild t\irkeys and deer roamed unmolested over the prairies. The family were among the tirst to settle here. The subject of this sketch is a jolly old bachelor, residing in section S, this township; he owns 160 acres and is an enterprising farmer and stock-breeder. He has held several township offices; was assessor two years and township clerk one year. Also held offices in Wintield Township. Joachim Muhs^ a native of llolstein, Germany, was born Sept. 28, 1829. He served in the Schleswig-Holstein army against Den- mark from 1849 to '51. In 185i he came to the United States and located in Scott Count}', where he worked by the month the first year; then bouglit a threshing machine, which he ran for one year; then sold it for tive yokeof o.xen, with which he bi'oke prairie tliree years. He now owns 387 acres of land in Sheridan Town- ship, which is under good cultivation and well stocked. He was married in 1857 to Catharine Gottsch. To thein were born 12 chil- dren. Six boys and three girls are living. The family belong to the Lutheran church. Alexander Mtirrison was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, Se])t. 29, 18t>S. His father. George Murrison, was a native also of that countiT, and a weaver by trade. Alexander worked on a farm from the time he was nine years old until he was 15, when he went to learn the shoemaker's trade. In May, 1S35. he went to Canada, where he worked at his trade until 1852, when he went to Lexington, Mich. He remained there until 1858, when he came to Scott County, and settled on his farm of 160 acres, in Sheridan Township, which he had entered in 1850. He was married Oct. 1, 1838, to Mary A. Macklen, of Canada. They have had nine children, seven living — George, Susan. James, William, Mary J., Ellen and Nancy. They are all married except the last two named. Mr. and Mrs. Murrison are worthy members of the Baptist church. Nelson L. Oshorn is a native of Meigs Co., Oliio, born Nov. 26, 1820. His father. Jeremiah Osborn, was born in Albany, N. Y., and served in the war of 1812; was stationed on Stratton Island, and died of cholera in 1854, at St. Louis, on his way here. Josiah Usborn, father of Jeremiah, was a soldier under Washing- 1246 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. ton during the the Eevolutionary war. There were nine brothers of the elder Osborns, wlio came from Europe to America in an early day, and of whom most all the Osborns now in this country "are descendants. Kelson Osborn's Grandfather Parker was a surgeon in the Revolution. The subject of this sketch ran on the lower Mississippi River 22 years, eight of which he navigated a boat of his own. In 1843 he came to Scott County, on a visit to his Uncle Lyman Osborn; being pleased with the prospect, he locat- ed here in 1856. He owns 80 acres on section 30 in this township, 160 acres in Liberty Township, and 160 acres in Cedar County, this State. He has his farm in this township under good cultivation, has planted groves and orchards, and otherwise improved the place. He was united in marriage, in 1842, to Harriet Congrove, of Virginia. They are the parents of eight children, viz.: Alex. H., Phcebe M., Mary F., William H., Drusilla, Mary J., Melinda A. and lophia J. C. C. Painter was born in Stark Co., Ohio, Feb. 2, 1843. His father, Benjamin Painter, was born in Westmoreland Co., Pa. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm and attended the district schools of his native place, and the Illinois Military School, at Fulton. He came with his parents to this county in 1858, and settled in Hickory Grove Township, his father buying land in that and Sheridan Townships. He was married in 1865 to Susan C, daughter of Isaac Winey, of Allen's Grove. Their children are — John J., Mary A. and Charles A.; one deceased Mr. C. C. Painter owns a farm of 240 acres on section 7, is one ot the most successful farmers and stock-raisers of Scott County. His brother, Benjamin F. Painter, was born in Stark Co., Ohio., Jan. 9,1850. He was reared on a farm and educated in the Dav- enport Commercial College. He came to this county at the same time that his brother, C. C. Painter, did. He spent the summer ot 1869 in Cass Co., Iowa. He is a jolly old bachelor, residing on section 18, on a farm of 240 acres. August Richter, physician and surgeon, Mt. Joy, located here in 1878. He was born Jan. 25, 1843, in Berlin, Prussia. He is a son of August G. Richter, a native of Saxony. Dr. Richter came to this country, and landed in New York City in 1867, having previ- ously graduated in medicine in Berlin. He attended the Univer- sity "of Buffalo, N. T., and graduated from the medical department of that institution in 1872. He practiced there until 1875, when he went to Chicago and remained six months, thence to Iowa, and in 1878 he came to Scott County and located in Mt. Joy, where he has a large and lucrative practice. He was marrie d in 1867 to Anna, daughter of Joseph May. They have three chil- dren, viz.: Anna, Clara and Katie. Frederick A. Eochan is a native of Holstein, Germany, born Nov. 2, 1829. His father, Hans C. Rochan, was also born in that country. Frederick A. came to this country and went to St. Louis in 1847; lie learned the cooper's trade there. In 1848 he came to SHERIDAN TOWNSHIP. 1247 Davenport and worked at his trade until 1852. He was engaged in teaming untill857, when he bought the farm where he now resides, on section 29. His farm contained 200 acres of line fanning land; he also owns 120 acres in Lincoln Township. He was united in marriage Oct. 23, 18.50, with Catharine Stoltenherg. Tliey have had 12 children, 10 living, viz.: Charlie, Julia, Mina, Emma, Lydia, Louise, John, Allen, Louie and Plenry. Mr. Rochan was justice of the peace four years; is now school director. He is pres- ident of the German Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Scott County, and has held that position for the past six years. MaxF. liohIff\s fi native of Ilolstein, Germany, born Sept. 1, 1829. His father, Asmiis Rohlff, was also of German birth. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and obtained a com- mon-school education. In November of 1855, he came to Amer- ica and located in Slieridan Township, la., on section 36. He owns a line farm of 180i acres, valued at $S0 an acre, and it is one of the most valuable in the conn tv. He was married April 12, 1857, to Bertha Schneckloth, of German nativity. Their family consists of nine children — Anne (now the the wife of William Halle, of Davenport), Lena, Asinus, Johnnie, Clara, Hugo, Richard, Alfred and Herman. Mr. Rohltf is adjuster for the German Mu- tual Fire Insurance Company. Has been a member of the Lu- theran church nearly all his lile. Lorem Rogge was born in Prussia, Nov. 1, 1838. His father was Godfred Rogge, also a native of that country. Lorenz Rogge was reared on a farm, and received his education chiefly in the schools of his native country. He has studied to some extent by himself. He came to this country in 1819, and was married here to Dorathea Meinhart, Sept. 27, 186-i. They have had four chil- dren, viz.: Philip L., Anna D., Genofeva J. and Louise K. The family came to this country in 1864 and settled in Sheridan Town- ship, where they own a farm of 280 acres in section 34. By hard work and close attention to business, he has succeeded in getting his farm under good cultivation. He was assessor of his township seven years; has been secretary of the School Board since Septem- ber, 1876. He is a member of the German Roman Benevolent Society, and the family are members of the Catholic church at Davenport. John Rogers, a native of Northern Scotland, was burn Feb. 17, 1845. His father, Thomas Rogers, was a Scotchman and born in 1800. John Rogers came to this county and located in Clinton Co., la., in 1865. He went to De Kalb Co., Mo., where he spent four years, thence to Hardin Co., la., wiiere he remained one year. He came to Scott County in 1875, and settled in Eldridge, Sheridan Township. He followed the avocation of a blacksmith some time, then conducted the Eldridge House a few months. He is now en- gaged in making barbed wire fencing. He was married in Febru- ary, 1873, to Mattie McBride. of Philadelphia, Pa. She came with her parents to Illinois when quite small, and located in Toulon, 1248 HISTORY OF scorr county. Stark County, then removed to Missouri. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers have two children — Alpha and Victor. Mr.Rogers held the otiice of justice of the peace here for four years, and was elected for the third term, but refused to serve. He is a member ot the A. O. U. W. Lodge. Oustav G. Musch was born in Sheridan Township, July 18, 1852. His father, Nicholas J. Rusch, now deceased, was a native ot Holstein, Germany, and settled in Scott County in 1847. The subject of this memoir was reared on a farm and obtained a good education in Bryant & Sti-atton's Business College, of Davenport. He married Minnie Harding in May, 1877. She is a daughter of Peter B. Harding, of German nativity, who located in Scott Count}', in 1850. Mr. and Mrs. Rusch have one child, Emily. Mr. Rusch owns a fine farm of 165 acres in Sheridan Township, and is classed with Scott County's most prosperous and enterprising farmers. Bruce T. Seaman is a son of Joseph Seaman, who is a native of Washington Co., Pa., and is now a resident of Scott County. Bruce T. Seaman was born Nov. 19, 1815, in Greene Co., Pa., and came to this county in company witii his parents in 1846. His boyhood days were spent on his fatlier's farm. He was educated in the common schools, and also attended the State University at Iowa City. He was united in marriage Jan. 10, 1869, with Louisiana L. Micks, a daughter of Gilbert Micks, of this township. She was born in Dearborn Co., Ind. They have had six children, five living, viz.: Earnest W., James W., Winnifred L., Grace and Bertha. Mr. Seaman is known as a breeder of blooded stock, and makes a specialty of fine horses; he has a farm of 160 acres on section 33. He represented Scott County in the General Assembly two terms. He has held the office of justice of the peace for the past 10 years; has also been school director and constable. Eggert Schmidt was born Jan. 6, 1819, in Holstein, Germany. He attended school there until July, 1852, when he came to the United States, and located in Davenport Township, where he re- mained some time; thence to Sheridan Township, in 1855. His marriage to Annie Hai'der occurred in 1855. Their married life has been blessed with eight children, six living — Mary, Emma, Herman, Lena, Laura and Clara. He owns 80 acres of fine land on section 23, which is under good cultivation and thoroughly stocked. Mr. Schmidt is known as one of Scott Counties most en- terprising farmers. E. V. Van Eps is the proprietor of a general store at Eldridge. The store was first established in 1871 by S. H. Burris, who em- ployed Mr. Van Eps as a clerk. Mr. Burris sold to Mr. Young, who subsequently disposed of his stock to Mr. W. S. Block in the spring of 1879. He carries a stock of $2,000; his annual sales amount to $6,000. He is a native ot Schenectady Co., N. Y., born Sept. 10, 1833. He enlisted in Company C. 66th Hlinois Sharp-Shooters, under Col. Birge, and fought in the battles of Fort Donelson, SHERIDAN TOWNSHIP. 1249 Sliiloh, Corinth and Chattanooga. His term of enlistment expired the day before lie helped take Athinta. llis father, Chas. Van Eps was one of the early settlers of Scott Connty, having come to Davenport Township in 1854. He was a farmer by occupation. Mr. Block sold his interest to J. D. McCormick, who occupied the store about two years. In April, 1879, Mr. Yan Eps embarked in business, and in December of the same year removed his stock to the building whicii he now occupies. John C. Vogt is a son of Tim Vogt, a native of llolstein, Ger- many, where our subject was also born, May 22, 1820. He emi- f rated to America in 1847. and located in Sheridan Township, owa, where he still resides. He entered 160 acres of land, which was at that time unbroken prairie. He now owns 318 acres of line fanning land. He was married in his native country in 1847 to Mary C. Gaack. To them have been born nine children, six liv- ing — Louise, William. Amelia, Henry. Alvina and Julius. William Vogt was born in Scott County, June 9, 1848. He is a son of John C. Vogt, a native of Germany, who came to the United States in 1817. William Vogt was reared on a farm, and was educated in the common-schools of this county. He was married in March. 1875. to Minnie Brockman, of German nativity, and a daughter of C. H. Brockman, a native also of tiiat country. Mr. and Mrs. Vogt are the parents ot three children, viz.: Ciiris- tian, Harry and Waldeniar. Mr. Vogt has a line farm of 166 acres in section 26, and is an extensive stock-breeder. He lias held the office of supervisor of his township several years. Oilbert Wicks is a native of Dearborn Co., Ind., born Oct. 25, 1822; he is a son of Silas Wicks, born on Long Island, and set- tled in Indiana about 1820. Gilbert Wicks was reared on a farm, and received his education in one of the old time log school- houses of his native State. He was married in October, 1847, to Almira Vaughn, born in Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Wicks' mar- ried life has been blessed with hve chihlren, four living, viz.: Louisana L., Martha A.. Judson L. and Alonzo H. Mr. Wicks came to Scott County, and settled on his present farm in Sheridan Township in 1856. He is classed with Siieridan Township's most extensive farmers and stock-raisers, and owns a tinely-cultivated farm of 266 acres on section 19. He has been supervisor, town- ship trustee and sclipol-director a number of years. Peter Wiese, proprietor of the Six Mile House at Mt. Joy, was born in Holstein, Germany, Sept. 7. 1832. He went to St. Claire Co., III., in October, 1851; from there became to Scott County in 1852. He worked as a fixrm labf>rer here several years, and was engaged in railroading some time; lie built 50 milesof the C, M. & St. P. R R. He took charge of the Six Mile House at Mt. Joy in the fall of 1863; the house was built in 1856 by Henry Piper. He was married in 1858 to Christina, daughter of Henry Piper. They have had eight children, seven living, viz.: Meta, Anne, Julius, Emil, Henry, Cliriste and Plelena. Mr. Wiese f 1250 HISTORY OF SCOTT COimTY. came to this county in very limited circumstances, and by untir- ing perseverance has gained for himself a line property and home; he owns 400 acres in Shelby County and 20 in this county. He is the present postmaster of Mt. Joy and was township trustee three years. A WINFIELD TOWNSHIP. Winfield Towiisliip was first settled in 1830, by William and John Quinn, wlio located their claims on sections 5 and S, and at once erected a log cabin and commenced improvements tliereon. William died in ISSO, and John when last heard from by his old neighbors yet living in the township, was residing in Oregon. The next to locate here were Joseph and James Qninn, brothers of William and John. Josepii now resides in Linn Grove, and James is in Nebraska County. In answer to queries propounded by the historian of the Inter- State Publishing Company, .lohn Robertson gave the following ac- count of the early settlers of the township, or those living here in July, 1844: "John Quinn, from Ohio, opened a farm on section 9, now owned by J. T. Mason, who has occupied it since 1845; afterward laid oti' Point Pleasant on sections 4 and .5, and removed to California. Mr. Norman from Virginia, at Point Pleasant. Mr. Freeman moved to Sheridan Townshij). Robert Waterhouse moved to De Witt, Clinton Co. Henry Lea came from Canachi and returned to the same place. George Ellis established a black- smith shop at Point Pleasant, in 1844. Edwar 1 Lea entered a large amount of land in the township, but returned to Canada in 1845. Isaac Swim moved to Princeton Township, since deceased. Mr. Haskell's present res'dence is unknown. Joseph Quinn moved to Hickory Grove Township. James and William Quinn moved to Mahaska County. William, since deceased. Mr. Martin moved to what is now ButlerTownship. He is now dead. Mr. Siierman moved to the Fifteen-Mile House, which is now in Butlei- Town- shii). Leonard Cooper from Pennsylvania, since deceased. Charles Elder and family, from Pennsylvania. Mr. Elder died previous to 1844, but the family were then residing here. Mrs. Arable moved to Cascade. Elihu Alvord moved to Pleasant Valley Township; since deceased. He was frum Connecticut. Rrownlie brothers came from Scotland to Canada, and from there here. James is pastor of the Christian church at Long Grove; Alexander moved to Pow- esliiek County; Robert and William are dead." EDUCATIONAL. The first school taught in the township was in 1841, by Domi- nick Kennedy. This was an indejjendeiit school, and the tuition was i)aid by parties sending their children, llatinah Alvord taught as early as 1849, in the log ciuirch erected by the community, and used by the Disciples, the first church erected outside of Dav- enport. (1251) 1252 HISTORY OF SCOTT COtJNTT. Winiield Township, as a 'school district, has two sub-districts, with 190 scholars, and an enrollment of 93. The school-houses are small and valued at §1,000 for the two. In addition the town- ship has two independet districts. Long Grove, No. 1, and Winfield, No. 2. The former has a school-house valued at S800, and has ia the district 109 pupils, with an enrollment of 61. Winiield No. 2 has a frame school-house, valued at §1,000, and 104 pupils in the district, with an enrollment of 41. RELIGIOUS. The Disciples, or Christians, have the honor of first preaching the Werd in this township. The first religious services were held at the house of James Brownlie iu the fall of 1838, and were conducted by James Brownlie and brothers, who were members of the Christian church. A church or congregation was soon after- ward organized, and was composed of Alexander, James, William and Robert Brownlie and their families. James Brownlie was elected elder, and Alexander Brownlie, deacon. A log meeting- house was subsequently erected and used for some years. In 1860 a frame house, 40 x 50 feet, 15 feet high, was erected at a cost of §1,000 cash, but a large amount of work. James Brownlie, JamesRumbold, H. G. Neal, James Hartzel, Henr}' Exley and J. H. Gilruth have each labored for the cliurch. James Brownlie is the present elder; Dr. S. D. Richardson, John Grear, and C. Clapp, deacons. The church is moderately prosperous, and numbers about 50 members. A Sunday-school is kept up which was first organized in 1839. A. W. Brownlie is the present super- intendent. The Roman Catholics have also a church in that ownship, lo- cated on section 14, which is in a flourishing condition. Father Smith now ministers to the spiritual wants of the^congregation. RAILROAD. The Davenport & St. Paul, now the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, passes through the township. One branch en- tering on section 85, and running almost due north, leaves the township from section 2, where it crosses the Wapsipinecon River; the other branch enters on section 32, and leaves on sec- tion 31. POINT PLEASANT. This was a village laid oif in 1839 by John Quinn, on the Wapsipinecon River, on sections 4 and 5. The surveying and plat- ting was done by A. T. Russell, county surveyor. Like thou- sands of "future great " places, the town came to naught, and its site is now a portion of the farm of the Normans. WINFIELD TOWNSHn'. 1253 LONG GROVE. Long Grove is a small station on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railivad. It has never been platted, but a postoffice has existed here tor many years, having been established in 1S70, with S. D. Eichardson as its first postmaster. He has held the office ever since, and also runs a general merchandise store at the same place. There are now two stores, one saloon, blacksmith shop, shoe shop, carpenter shop, etc. LONfi GKOVE PLOWING SOCIETY. The Plowing Society of Long Grove was organized April 5, 1858, and the following officers were elected: John Madden, Presi- dent; William Robertson, Treasurer; David Ilardin, Secretary; John Robertson and Alex. Brownlie, Superintendents; John Pol- lock, John Long and H. M. Thomson, Awarding Committee. The objects of the organization were to incite an interest in plow- ing, and promote a more thorough and efficient system of cultiva- tion of the soil b}' the best approved methods. The members of this societ}' took premiums for the best work at every county and State fair where they competed. In 187-1 the older members of the society becoming inactive through age, interest in the afl'air lagged, and the work of the association virtually ceased. Mills were scarce in Iowa at that day, and many families lived on hominy, and corn-meal ground in a coffee, mill. The nearest mill was at Pleasant A'alley, and another at the mouth of Pine Creek, Muscatine County. In 1S40 George Daily built a small grist-mill on the little creek nortli of Walnut Grove. It was the product of his own labor, ex- cept the stones, which were cut out of a prairie boulder and finished up for running by Alex. Brownlie, who was a stone mason. Mr. Daily, who was an iionest, hard-working man, ground for many years all the grain for the neighborhood, and made very good flour, although it took him some time to do it, upon his rude and primitive mill. He was called the honest miller. The old mill has gone to decay, and the builder removed to other parts. It was about the last of August, 1838, that Alexander and James Brownlie built their cabins of logs and boards in the east end of the grove, in a cluster of large trees, that sheltered them from the bleak prairie winds. They afterward sawed lumber by iiand with a whip-saw, rolling the logs upon a platform and one standing beneath. In tiiis way they not only supplied themselves with. lum- ber, but furnished much for their neighbors. Lumber then was wortl) some $10 in Davenport, and was not as good as that fur- nished by the Biownlies; the same could now be had for $18 and $20 per thousand. Well do many of the old settlers remem- ber the solid comfort one found in their first cal)in. It was the only place for a long time, between Davenport and Point Pleas- 1254 HISTORY OF scorr county. ant, on the "Wapsipinecon, that tlie traveler could find feed for his horse or food for himself, and he was never turned away cold or hungry, nor had he ever any reason to complain of high charges or wantof attention. The traveler wasever welcome, and although no designs or pretentions were made to keep a public house, yet none knew better, or were more willing to add to the comforts of all, than Mrs. Brownlie. The first stage road, and for some time the only road, to De Witt from Davenport, passed through this grove.. The Messrs. Quinn at a later day opened farms on the prairie south of the grove. James Quinn was elected in 1S59 to the House of Representatives on the Republican ticket, and was a man com- petent and well worthy to fill the honorable station to which he was elected. The Brownlies still held their original possessions, with their lands under the best cultivation. The old log: cabins have given place to beautiful dwellings, surrounded by choice fruit-trees and gardens, and the Messrs. Brownlie are considered among the neat- est, most judicious and prosperous farmers of Scott County. Hugh M. Thomson, John llobertson, John Pollock and John Grieve, all brothers-in-law direct from Scotland, also settled iti this grove at a later day, and are said to be not only good farmers, but scientific in their operations, and pay great attention to im- provements in agriculture and the breedingof good stock. There are many others in and around this grove, both old and new set- tlers, well deserving of notice, who have done much toward the progress of agriculture in that settlement. In the early days of this colony there seemed to have been planted as a basis, good, sound, moral and religious principles, and they have been main- tained to the present time. In those days men were expected to be honest and were honest. " No one thought of locking their doors." The postotfice was at Point Pleasant, and John Quinn was postmaster. He was often from home, and the oflice was left open for all to wait on themselves. The whole neighborhood would take their letters to mail, and leaving them, would get what ni;dl belonged to them, leaving their postage on the letter box or account afterward for the same, none desiring to cheat the postmaster. Everybody was poor alike and needed friends, and was always friendly. There was none of that grasping, selfish disposition exhibited in many of the early settle- ments of our country, and consequently but little quarreling aboiat claims or anything else. There was room for all, and the Long Grove settlement was a pattern of excellence in its early struggle, and nobly did it succeed. It stands to-day among the most enter- prising, moral and religious coramunitie in the county or State. A span of horses and wngon in those days were hired at $5 per day. The Brownlies owned the first wagon and the first fanning-mill in or about the settlement, which was used in common by the community for many years. ■WINFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1255 " In the autumn of 1S3S," says Mr. Brownlie, " wlien the first snow fell, our oxen strayed awa}', and early next morning I started on their traclc, following them across the uninhabited ]irairie toward tlie Mississippi Kiver. and came \ip with them in Pleasant Valley about dark, without any money with me or acquaintance in that neighborhood. I applied for shelter and food ot a true pioneer, who has often fed the hungry and made glad the heart of the distressed immigrant by his cliecrful and lively disjwsition, and above all, his free and generous heart," It was the rude shanty ot Captain IsaacIIawley, then just settled. The Captain not (mly gave him the hospitalities of the night, but supplied him unsolicited, with money he might need on his return. How sweet are the remembrances of such acts of kindness as we look back upon the scenes of early life in the West. BIOGKAPHICAI,. James Armstrong^ a native of Dunfriesshire, Scotland, was born Sept. 20, 1829. He emigrated to America in 1850, and arrived in Davenport on the 18th of Julv, that year. He rented a f\irm in Long Grove Townshi]), which he cultivated two years, then bought 40 acres in that township. Six years later he bought a farm in Winiield Township which he still owns. He owns 306 acres on section 7, all under cultivation. In March, 1850, he was married in England to ^lary Pollard, who was born in Ireland, Sept. 12, 1829. Their matrimonial life has been blessed with five children — John, born Mav 13, 1851 ; liichard, Jan. 21, 1853; Robert, Dec. 17, 1854; Elizabeth, Dec. 16, 1856 ; and Mary, Feb. 17, 1859. Mr. Armstrong is a member of the Catholic church. He is a Greenbacker in politics. Christian Bloom was born in Germany, Dec. 24. 1831. In 1861 he left his native land for America, and landed at Xew York, June 18 of that 3'ear. He cams immediately to Davenport, where he worked for James Brownlie three years, then rented a farm which he cultivated seven years. At the cx])iration ol' this time he bought the place where he now lives, in Wintield Township. He bought 80 acres at first, and has since added SO acres, making in all 160, situated on section 21. He raises grain and stock of all kinds. He was married in 1855, to Frederike Smith, who was born in Ger- many, Oct. 15, 1832, and cmae to America in 1861. They have had seven children— John C, born in Germany, July 24, 1856; he now resides in Harrison County, his wife died May 20, 18S1 ; Herman born in America, Sept. 17. 1861; William, Feb. 12, 1864; Robert, Sept. 6, 1865; Ferdinand, Aug. 29, 1868; Matilda, Sept. 13, 1874; and Christian, born May 2, 1878. Mr. Bloom has held the office of school director of his district. In politics he is a Republican, and in religious sentiment a Lutheran. P. t. Brenan is a native of Ireland, and was born in June, 1822. He emigrated to America in 1829, with his parents, and, 1256 HISTORY 01 SCOTT COUNTY. landed at Halifax, Nova Scotia, and from there went to Fall River, Massachusetts; remained there four years, then went to St. Louis, Mo. Four years later he came to Davenport, afterward returned to St. Louis, and in 1850 crossed the plains to Sacramento City, Cal. He returned to Davenport after a sojourn of four j'ears, via the Isthmus of Panama, New Orleans and St. Louis. He bought 40 acres in Winfield Township, which he sold 12 years after and bought the farm he nowlives on. It consists of SO acres of well- improved land. In Jul}', 1856, he was married to Margaret Mc- Steen. They have had six children — Annie, born in 1857; James, in 1859; Katie, in 1861; Thomas, in 1863; John, in 1865, and Charles, in 1S67. Mr. Brenan has served his township as road supervisor, school director, aTid at present holds the office of justice of the peace. He belongs to the Catholic church, and in politics is a Democrat. Mrs. Bridget Brojyhy, nee O'Connell, was born in County Gal- way, Ireland, about the j'ear 1817, and was there married to Thomas Logan, in 1837. He was born at that place in 1814. 01 three children born of this union, one survives — Michael, born in September, 1840. Mr. Thomas Logan died in 1847, and in 1850 his widow came to the United States. She landed at New York and went at once to New Jersey, where she was married, in 1853, to Thomas Brophy, a native of Tipperary Co., Ireland. Their union was blessed with three children, two living — Edward, born June 2, 1856, and Cecelia, born Feb. 27, 1857. In 1865 Mr. and Mrs. Brophy came to Scott County and bought 40 acres of land, which they cultivated eight years, then bought tlie place where she now resides, of 200 acres, in Winfield Township. Mr. Brophy died very suddenlj' on the morning of the 13th of Jan- nary, isSO. He was apparently as well as usual, ate breakfast with his family, and at 10 o'clock was a corpse. The cause of his death was supposed to be heart disease. He was a kind and indul- gent father and a good neighbor, a man well respected in the com- munity in which he lived. The sons are managing the farm, and raise grain and stock for the market at Davenport. A. D. Brov}nlie, one of the prominent farmers of Scott County, was born in Winfield Township, this county, on the 12th of No- vember, 1850, in the house where he now lives. His father was one of the pioneers of Scott County, having located in Winfield Township in 1837. He is now living in Poweshiek Co., la., at the age of 77 years; his wife is 71 years old. The subject ot this sketch was educated in the old log school-house on section 26; it was at that time the only place ot holding meeting in the town- ship. He was married to Eliza L. McGinnis, Oct. 7, 1875. She was born in LeClaire, Dec. 1, 1850. Four children liave blessed this union— Ella May, born July 27, 1876; Howard, Dec. 23, 1877; Agnes M., July 15, 1879, and Charles L., born July 22, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Brownlie are members of the Christian church. He is a Republican. WINFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1257 Bartholomew Conry was born in tlie county of Roscommon, Ireland, Sept. IS, 1832. On the loth of February, 1855, he em- barked for America, and arrived in Scott County on May 20 of that year. In 18(55 he bought the farm he now lives on, in Winfield Township. It contains 120 acres of good land, all un- der improvement, and thoroughly stocked. lie was married in Davenport, Feb. 15, 1858. to Catharine O'Connell, who was born in tiie county of Galway, Ireland, Dec. 20, 1838. Her ])arent8 died there, and she came alone to the Qnited States in 1845. She resided in New Jersey before coming to Scott County. They have no children, and are living happily, enjoying the fruits of a woll-cnltivated farm. /^(y>/tff, where he now lives. He was married to Mary iShittery, on tlic 27th of November, 1842. She was born in Tipperary Co., Ireland, April 8, 1819, and came to the United States in 1841. Of 10 children born of this union, five are living — John J., born Oct. 27, 1844; Thomas P., June 26, 1846; Richard J., May 10, 1849: Patrick, March 16, 1852, and James, born April, 20, 1857. The children are all married except James, and liave homes of their own. Mr. Moloney is a member of the Catholic church. In politics he is a Democrat. He is one of the representative farmers of iiis townsiiip. John Mohjneaux was born in the onnty of Kerry, Ireland, June 24, 1827. In 1849 he left the land of his birth for America, and land- ed at New York City; from there he went to Dutchess Co., N. Y., where he remained two years, then returned to New York City, and clerked in a wholesale grocery store there nearly four years, then went into that business for liimself. Two years later he located in Davenport, Iowa. He remained in Davenport Township engaged in tarming nine years, and in 1857 came to Winfieid Township. Since his arrival here he has bought three farms, tiie first consisted of 30 acres on section 16, for which he paid [$2,000; the second also contained 80 acres, for which he paid $3,000; the last contained 40 acres valued at ?l,40i). Besides these farms lie owns 10 acres of timber land in Clinton Couunty. He was married to Mary Sullivan, Aug. 1, 1853. She is likewise a native of County Kerry, Ireland, and was born Dec. 25, 1829. Of 10 children born of tliis union, eight are living — Marsraret, born Oct. 8, 1855, mar- ried D. J. Buckly; Henry, born Feb. 4, I860 ; John, March 6, 1861; Michael, Dec. 7, i8fi2, is a graduate of the Davenjxirt Business College; Catharine, born July 8, 1864; Ella. March 26. 1867; Daniel, March 25, 1869, and Julia, March 31, 1871. The family' are members of the Catholic church. Mr. Molyneanx lias served his townsiiip as trustee five years, and school director, tlie same length of time. He has been twice elected justice of the jieace, but failed to serve. James Neil is a native of Edinburg, Scotland, born Oct. 22, 1829. He came with his father to Canada in 1834, his father died 1262 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. in a few days after their arrival there, leaving him toraake his way alone in the world. In October, 1S3S, he went to Onondaga Co., N. T., thence to Davenport, arriving there June i, IS-tQ. He followed farming in Long Grove -.intil 1850, since that time has resided in Wintield Township. He owns 600 acres of as fine farm- ing land as there is in the county, all well improved and thoroughly stocked. He was married to Jane Brownlie, on Dec. 29, 18.53. They have four children — John F., born April 26, 1858; William P., Aug. 9, 1860; Robert A., Aug. 15, 1867, and Casette M.. born April 10, 1869. Mr. Neil is a staunch Republican, and has been identified with the interests of that party since its organization. Mrs. Neil is a member of the Christian church. Johfi 1. Noel was born in Davenport, Iowa, Nov. 27, 1837. His father was born in Westmoreland Co., Pa., June 10, 1800, and came West in 1835, landing in Rock Island, 111., in April of that year. He located in Davenport in the fall, and resided there until his death, which occurred in 1872. John T. attended school in Davenport until 1856, and in 1869 moved to his present farm in Winfield Township. In 1870 he returned to Davenport, but removed to his farm again in 1875. He owns 580 acres of finely cultivated laud, on sections 10, 11, and 3, this township. He has held the office of township trustee for the past five years. He is a Democrat in politics, and a metnber of the Catholic church. He was married Nov. 13, 1860, to Mary Maguire, who was born in New York, Nov. 29, 1840. Of 10 children born of their union, nine are living — Joseph A., born Sept. 21, 1861, is now attending school in Davenport; Cecilia A., Feb. 13, 1865; Sarah S., March 19, 1867; John T., April 19, 1869; William F., June 10, 1871; Mary R., Dec. 15, 1873; Clara N., May 16, 1876; Margaret P., Jan. 11, 1879, and Henry Elmer, May 25,' 1881. Adolph Peterson is a native of Holstein, Germany, and was born Dec. 9, 1822. He came to Davenport, June 20, 1852, yia New Orleans. He remained in Davenport a few days, then moved to Walnut Grove, and worked there by the month until March 13, 1853, when he rented a farm near Davenport. In 1855 he bought the farm he now lives on, in Winfield Township. It is sit- uated on section 27, and contains 113 acres of finely improved land. He was married to Caroline Bumeister, on March 26, 1852. She was born in Holstein, Germany, July 14, 1821. The fruit of this union is six children — Amalie D. H., born Nov. 30, 1852, married John Evans; Christian D. J., born May 7, 1854; Bertha, April 9, 1856, married C. Bluhun; Daniel, born July 28, 1858; Rosa, Oct. 14, 1860, and Caroline, Aug. 14, 1864. In politics Mr. Peterson is a Republican. He has held the offices of school director and supervisor of his township. John Poll och wvii horn iwT^Qicckm Parish, Lennickshire, Scot- land, Feb. 14, 1829. He was married to Agnes Robertson, in Scotland, in the fall ot 1843. In the spring of 1844, Mr. and Mrs. Pollock, H. M. Thompson and family, John Robertson and WINFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1263 family, and John Grieve and family came to the United States and located in Scott County, Jnne 21 of that yeac. The men left their families in Davenport while they huilt a house in Wiiitieki Township. The house was completed in about four months, and the three families lived in it for one year. Mr. John FoUock then built the house where he now lives and moved into it. He owns 200 acres of line land, well improved. He rents his farm but still I'esides u])on it, as he likes the (juiet of a country life better than the turmoil of a busy city. Mr. and Mrs. Pollock are enjo3'ingthe fruits of a life of industry and econoTny, satisfied in the consciousness of a duty well performed. Mr. Pollock is a lie- publican. John Robertson was born in Scotland, Feb. 5, 1812. In 1844 be emigrated to America and came immediately to Scott County. He entered land on sections 22, 2i"), 27 and .'54, in Winfield Town- ship; has since disjiosed of a greal deal of his land, and now owns 151 acres, all under a fair state of cultivation. He was married to Mary Neil Dec. 22, 1841i. She was born near Edinburg, Scotland, and came to Iowa in 1847. Six children have been born to them — Lizzie, born Dec. fi, 1850, married Robert Johnston; Jiimie, now Mrs. A. L. Thompson, was born April 20, 1852; James N., born Aug. 6, 1858; Annie, April 13, ISOO; William M., June 10, 1864, and Grant, June IS, 1870. Mrs. Robertson is a member of the Christian Church. In politics Mr. Robertson is a Repub- lican. Postotiice address. Long Grove. John T. Russell was born in the State of Tennessee, Feb. 5, 1823. When he was six years old his parents moved to Prince- ton, Indiana, and from there to Ohio in 1835. His father died in the latter place in 1847. John T. remained there, raising fruit and vegetables for the Cincinnati market until 1854, when he came to Scott County and settled u])on a farm in Wintield Township, which he bought in 1853. He owns 165 acres of fine farming land. He is engaged in raising grain and makes a specialty of tine stock — short-horn cattle, etc. He was married to Mary Jane Paull, in Cincinnati, Ohio, Sept. 15,1851. She was born in Delhi Township, Hamilton Cminty, Ohio, July 6, 1833. They have five children — Laura Bell, now Mrs. J. E. Maw, was born July 6, 1852; Arthur P., Nov. 5, 1853; William E., Nov. 25, 1855; John T., March 4, 1858, and Alice E., born A])ril 19, 1862. William E. is in Colorado. Arthur P. manages the farm for his father. Mrs. Russell died in 1862. Mr. Russell has held various local offices of lionor and trust in his township, among them that of school director, trustee and treasurer of tlie school district, lie is a Republican in politics. John A. Showalter was a son of John Showalter, Sr., who was born near Richmond, Ya., in 1799, and when 22 years of age went to Pennsylvania, where he was married in 1821, to Mary Ann Donlee, a native of Ireland. John A., the subject of this sketch, was born in Greene County, Pa., Nov. 2, 1827. When he 1264 HISTOEY OF SCOTT COUNTY. was 15 years old he went to Westmoreland Co., Pa., where he remained until 1855, when he came to Scott County, reach- ing Davenport April 13 of that year. In 1858 he went to Kansas City, Mo., and while there made three trips to Colorado, one via the Arkansas, one via the Platte, and one via the Mis- souri River. He had great sport hunting butFalo, deer, elk and other game that abounds on the plains. In 1864 he went to Alder Gulch, Montana; this was supposed to be the richest mine ever discovered. At one time he took out $36 in 10 hours. In 1866 he returned to Scott County, and on the 29th of January, 1867, he married B. J. Norton, who was born in County King, Ireland, Dec. 11, 1838, and came to America in 1840, and to Scott County in 1850. Their union has been blessed with five children, four living, — Raymond D., born Sept. 14, 1870; Austin, April 26, 1873; "William E., May 17, 1876; and Morris N., Sept. 19, 1878. Mr. Showalter owns 200 acres of good land in Winfield Township, and raises all kinds of grain and stock. lie is a member of the Catholic church. In politics is a Democrat. John H. Stejyhens is a native of Center Co., Pa., born on the 13th of April, 1813. He came to Scott County, via Pittsburg, and the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, reaching Davenport on the 5th ot June, 1855. He lived four years in Butler Township, then moved on the place where he now lives in Winfield Township. He owns 109 acres of rich land bordering on the Wapsipinecon river. He was married to Catherine Hountsbarger, who was born in Mont- gomery Co., Pa., March 10, 1815. Of 11 children born of this union, 10 are living — Mary A., born Nov. 18, 1835; Menard. June 10, 1837; Benjamin, March 10, 1839; John H., June 3,' 1841; Sarah, Dec. 20', 1842; Ludia, March 1, 1848; Rebecca, April 9, 1850; Hattie, May 4, 1852; Delma, Aug. 13, 1854; and Daniel, born March 8, 1857. The children are all married except the two youngest, and all were born in Pennsylvania except Daniel. Mr. and Mrs. Stephens are members of the Lutheran church. Mr. Stephen's father fought under General Washington in the Revo- lutionary war. Her father served in the war of 1812. Frederick Strohhen was born in Holstein, Germany, March 2, 1836. In the fall of 1857 he emigrated to America, and landed at New Orleans, thence to Quincy, 111., where he worked at the tailor's trade one year, then located in Davenport, Iowa. He fol- lowed the tailor's trade until 1868, when he bought a farm of 80 acres in Winfield Township, where he now resides. He was mar- ried to Hannah Roby, in August, 1861. She is a native of Hol- stein, Germany, and was born June 17, 1838. Their union has been blessed with five children — John F., born March 24, 1864; Albert H., in 1867; Herman, in 1869; Dora, in 1871, andHellena, on May 5, 1876. The children are all living at home except John F., who is learning the tinner's trade in Davenport. Mr. Strohben is a member of the Lutheran church. He votes the Republican ticket. WINFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1266 Richard Tobin was born in the year 1S06 in Ireland. He came to tliis country in 1851 and landed at Philadelphia. After spend- ing one year in Pittsburj!^, Ta., he came to Scott County, arriving in 1852. He purchased 160 acres of land at $1.25 an acre, and has increased his land from time to time, and now owns witli his brother 560 acres of fine farming land. lie was married to Miss Mary Cody, in June, 1827. To them have been born five children — P'llen, now Mrs. Michael Konihau, was born in November, 1828; Bridget, now Mrs. Patrick Glillin, was born May 15, 1830; Matthew, born starch 15, 1837; Mary, born in December, 1841, married ^[ichael O'Grady, and Margaret, now Jlrs. John Conway, was born March 10, 1844:. Matthew Tobin, brother of Richard, was born in Ireland in ISll, and came to Scott County in 1843. He purchased a portion of the 560 acres now owned by liimself and liis brother. He was married to Mary Ann Monroe, May 22, 1871. She was born in New York, on the 10th of March, 1854. Four children have blessed this union — Richard, born Feb. 25, 1872; ]\I;iry Ellen, Aug. 0, 1873; Sarah E., Jan. 20, 1876, and Margaret, born July 5, 1877. Richard and Matthew Tobin firm together, and have as fine a farm as there is in the county. They vote the Democratic ticket, and are members of the Catholic church. Matthew has held the oftices of road supervisor, constable, and school director. John Tyner is a native of County Cork, Ireland, born in 1817, and came to America in 1847. lie landed in Canada, where he remained two years, thence to Boston, Mass.; resided there five years, then s])entfive years in Pennsylvania, and in 1857 came to Iowa. He stayed two years in Davenport, and in 1859 he bought the farm he now lives on, in section 16, Winfield Township. His farm contains 120 broad and fertile acres, all under good cultiva- tion. He was married in 1851, in Massachusetts, to Susan TjTier. They have two ciiildren — George, born in 1854, and Susan, in 1856. Mr. Tyner is a member of the Episcopal church. He does not take a very active interest in politics, but usually votes the Republican ticket. -1951 I >«ftf' ■pf -*.,■ ■0 .t^ ^'-^. 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