*°* *°^ .A^/^^' 7 *«-«3* lV iSq, ° ^ V 0* c»-..V **.•'*£•. *«> ■ "<» -.;.' **• "^ ♦ ..,,• .y ... ">. *. '. V,«> ;isS^. V ^ VWV* V^\/ V3*?v ,V o N O - "fc. *>' ^■°* >-* • J°+ v-^v .. V'- •. w TOPICS AND QUESTIONS %^ ON AMERICAN HISTORY AND CIVICS BY GEOEGE D. EOBINS THE HILL SCHOOL, POTT8TOWN, PA. CLEVELAND, OHIO 1922 ."Kt TOPICS AND QUESTIONS ON AMERICAN HISTORY AND CIVICS Amherst College (Amherst) U. S. Naval Academy (Annapolis) College Entrance Examination Board .... (Board) Boston University (Boston) Brown University (Brown) University of California (California) Columbia University (Columbia) Cornell University (Cornell) Dartmouth College (Dartmouth) Harvard University (Harvard) Mount Holyoke College (Holyoke) University of Illinois (Illinois) Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Mass. Tech.) Ohio State University (Ohio State) Princeton University (Princeton) University of Pennsylvania (Penn.) New York State Education Department . . (Regents) Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. . . . (Rensselaer) Smith College (Smith) Trinity College (Trinity) Wellesley College (Wellesley) Williams College (Williams) Yale University (Yale) and other institutions. By George D. Robins, M. A., THE HILL SCHOOL, POTTSTOWN, PA. THE UNIVERSITY SUPPLY AND BOOK COMPANY, 10109 Wilbur Avenue, S.E., CLEVELAND, OHIO TOPICS AND QUESTIONS ON HISTORY Ens .25 AMERICAN HISTORY AND CIVICS, By George D. Robins ANCIENT HISTORY By Isaac Thomas EUROPEAN HISTORY including ENGLISH HISTORY, By Charles M. King OTHER PAMPHLETS Algebra Chemistry English Physics French A French B German A German B First Latin Second Latin Plane Geometry Solid Geometry Trigonometry and Logarithms French Grammar Review Published and for Sale by THE UNIVERSITY SUPPLY AND BOOK COMPANY 10109 Wilbur Avenue, S.E., CLEVELAND, OHIO \ -. American History and Civics — Copyright, 1922. By The University Supply and Book Co. ©Ci A605978 JAN 24 1923 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART I —AMERICAN HISTORY QUESTIONS 1. Discovery 1- 5 Trade Routes — Columbus' Voyages — America. 2. Exploration 6- 10 Spanish — French — English. 3. Settlement 11- 30 General Causes — Unsuccessful Attempts — First Permanent Colonies — French, Spanish and English Settlements — European Colonization — Compari- sons. 4. Early Colonial History 31-100 Virginia — Massachusetts — Rhode Island — Connecti- cut — General New England History — Comparisons of Massachusetts and Virginia — Maryland — New York — Pennsylvania — New Jersey — South Caro- lina — Georgia — First Settlements — Migrations — Government — Society — Religion — Industry. 5. Intercolonial Wars 101-110 Importance — Causes — Events — Results. 6. Causes of Revolution 111-130 Withdrawal of French — General Causes — Trade Acts — Oppressive Acts — Interference with Rights. 7. Revolutionary War 131-150 Campaigns — Treaty — Congresses — Declaration of Independence — Foreign Aid — Tories — Advantages to Colonies. 8. Critical Period 151-170 General — Articles of Confederation — Ordinance of 1787 — Constitutional Convention — Ratification. 9. The Constitution 171-225 Powers delegated to Federal Government — Limi- tations on States — Departments — Election of Pres- ident — Powers and Duties — Cabinet — Legislative Power of President — Election of Members of Con- gress — Powers — Election of Senators — Powers — Speaker of House and President of Senate — Pas- sage of Bill through Congress — Jurisdiction of Federal Courts — Election and Removal of Judges — Impeachment — Amendment of Constitution, iii 10. Federalists and Democrat-Republicans. (1) Washington's Administration 226-236 Character of Government — Hamilton — Genet Mission — Political Parties — Whiskey Rebel- lion — Financial Policy. (2) John Adams' Administration 237-242 Alien and Sedition Acts — Virginia and Ken- tucky Resolutions — Downfall of Federalists. (3) Jefferson's Administration 243-250 Principles — Events — Purchase of Louisiana — Napoleonic Wars. 11. The War of 1812 251-260 Causes — Events — Results. 12. The Era of Good Feeling 261-270 Monroe Doctrine — Election of 1824 — Internal Im- provements — Work of John Marshall. 13. Democrats and Whigs, 1828-1850. (1) Andrew Jackson's Administration 271-282 Spoils System — National Bank — Nullifica- tion. (2) Harrison and Tyler — The Mexican War 283-290 14. Slavery and Secession 291-330 Missouri Compromise — Abolition Movement — Wil- mot Proviso — Compromise of 1850 — Kansas-Ne- braska Act — Dred Scott Decision — Fugitive Slave Law — Republican Party — States Rights — Nullifica- tion and Secession. 15. The Civil War 331-350 Causes — Economic Conditions — Strategic Prob- lems — Financial Problems — Campaigns — Relations with England — The Navy — Emancipation. 16. Reconstruction 351-375 Johnson and Reconstruction — Impeachment of Johnson — Fifteenth Amendment — Grant as Presi- dent — Geneva Arbitration — Alabama Claims — Re- sumption of Specie Payments — The Hayes-Tilden Controversy — Electoral Commission of 1877. 17. From Cleveland to Wilson 376-395 Legislation — Labor Troubles — Events — Spanish- American War — Imperialism — Roosevelt's Doc- trines and Reforms — Panama Canal — Trusts — The World War — The League of Nations. 18. Twentieth Century Problems 396-430 Immigration — Civil Service Reform — Free Silver — Railroads — Tariff — World Power — Colonial Gov- ernment — International Peace — Internal Growth — Foreign Policy — Income Tax — Prohibition — Fed- eral Reserve Bank. 19. Miscellaneous Questions 431-510 Colonies — Revolution — Documents — Campaigns — Definitions — Statesmen and Policies — Terms — Im- portant Topics — Legislation — Treaties — Presidents — Wars — Secretaries of State — Foreign Aid in Wars — Contributions of the West — Aids to Dem- ocracy — Federal Departments — Important Admin- istrations — Historians — Inventors — Federal De- partments — Eeforms. 20. Biographies 510-560 Roger Williams, Franklin, Washington, Hamilton, Jefferson, Clay, Calhoun, Webster, Douglas, Lin- coln, Cleveland, Eoosevelt. Services of Selected Persons: Explorers — Colo- nial Heroes — Statesmen — Inventors — Presidential Nominees — Soldiers — Sailors — Educators — Women. 21. Map Questions 561-600 Explorations — Colonial Grants — Additions to Ter- ritory — Military Campaigns — Boundaries — Routes — Important Places. 22. Territorial Growth 601-625 Original Boundaries — Purchases — Additions in Va- rious Periods — Northwest Territory — Texas — Cali- fornia — Oregon — Mexican Cession — Gadsden Pur- chase — Alaska — Spanish War — Outlying Posses- sions — Periods of Western Migration — Public Domain — Canal Zone — Danish West Indies — Ha- waii — Yap. 23. Foreign Relations 626-655 Early Policy — Relations with France — Disputes with Great Britain — Monroe Doctrine, Origin and Development — Arbitration — Treaties — Cuban Af- fairs — Russia — World Power — Eastern Questions — Latin- America — Germany — Mexico. 24. Political Parties 656-675 Federalists — Policies and Downfall — Party Poli- cies — Influence of the West — Whig Party, Leaders and Principles — Political Parties and Slavery — Re- publicans — Populists — Democrats. 25. Elections 676-690 Disputed Elections — Elections of 1800—1824—1844 —1860— 1876— 1896— 1900— Accounts of Special Campaigns, Candidates and Issues. 26. Economic Questions 691-710 Commercial Crises — Panics — Banking Systems — Labor Unions — Resumption of Specie Payment — Tariff — Income Tax — Inventions — Transportation : Canals — Railroads — Merchant Marine — Manufac- turing — Foreign Commerce. 27. Supreme Court Decisions 711-715 Functions of Court — Famous Decisions — Dred Scott Case — Political Opposition to Supreme Court — Northern Securities Case. PART II— CIVICS. 9. The Constitution 171-225 Federal Government — States — Departments — Presi- dent — Cabinet — Congress — Senators — Representa- tives — Courts — Impeachments — Amendments. 18. Twentieth Century Problems 396-430 Immigration — Civil Service — Railroads — Income Tax — Prohibition. 19. Miscellaneous Questions 431-510 434—436—438—442—444—454—481—486—489—490 —491—492—502—503—504—505—509. 24. Political Parties 656-675 Federalists — Whigs — Republicans — D emocrats — Populists — Policies — Platforms. 28. General Questions 716-800 Democracy a Growth — Republics — Preamble of Constitution — Rights of States — Individual Rights — Tariff — Income Tax — Direct and Indirect Taxa- tion — Treaty Making — Arbitration — Bill of Rights — Amendments — Proposed Changes — Presidents vs. Governors — Speaker of House — Duties of Con- gress — Committee System — Lawmaking — Initia- tive, Referendum and Recall — Interstate Commerce Commission — Executive Reforms — Powers of Su- preme Court — Citizenship — Dependencies — Natu- ralization — Political Parties — Territorial Govern- ment — Admission of States — Problems of State Governments — Types of Local Government — State Government — Individual Rights — Community Du- ties of Citizens — Local Problems — Americanization — City Government — Education — Roads — Restric- tion of Suffrage— State Constabulary — Child Labor. PREFACE. According to statistics of examining" boards, history is one of the most difficult subjects in which to prepare students for examination. In some subjects a standard text may provide adequate prep- aration ; but the student in history is appalled by the vast scope and innumerable relations of the subject. No one text can con- tain it all. Hence the desirability of suggesting to the student by means of widely selected questions as many aspects of the subject as possible. In this way his thoughts may be directed into new channels and valuable and suggestive relations may be discovered. This small volume of questions is submitted to the public in the hope that it may serve to make the study of American His- tory and Civics more stimulating and interesting as well as to deprive examinations of their peculiar terror. The Hill School, Pottstown, Pa. George D. Kobins. PART L— AMERICAN HISTORY. 1. DISCOVERY. 1. Discuss the commercial situation in Europe in the latter half of the fifteenth century, including (a) routes of trade, (ft) the crisis produced by the Turks, (c) attempts made up to 1500 to find other routes of trade. (Regents.) 2. (a) What conditions in Europe led Columbus to undertake his first voyage? What in his previous career fitted him for dis- covery? (Board.) (&) Give an account of Columbus's first voyage across the Atlantic. In what did his greatness consist? (Amherst.) 3. Who discovered the continent of North America? Where? When? How did America get its name? (Princeton.) 4. Explain how the name America happened to be applied to the western continents. (Princeton.) 5. Mention four navigators who took part in the discovery and identification of the American continents. Indicate briefly the results of the voyages of each of them. (Princeton.) 2. EXPLORATION. 6. Outline the Spanish explorations in America in the sixteenth century. (Ohio State.) 7. (a) Outline the French explorations in America in the six- teenth century. (Ohio State.) (6) Give an account of the French exploration and settle- ment of the St. Lawrence valley. What was (a) a seigneury, (o) an intendant? (Regents.) 8. Compare the explorations of the French and Spanish in North America. (Amherst.) 9. Summarize as far as 1620 the work done by France and Eng- land in opening up America. Name two prominent explorers of each nation. (Regents.) 10. Name four trans-Mississippi explorers or pioneers and give a brief account of the achievements of one of them. (Regents.) 1 3. SETTLEMENT. 11. Mention three causes of the migration to America from 1600 to 1700. Name a colony in America resulting from each cause mentioned. (Regents.) 12. What unsuccessful attempts were made by the English during the sixteenth century to establish settlements in North America? Give dates. (Princeton.) 13. What countries besides England attempted colonies within what is now the United States? Where? (Ohio State.) 14. Mention the first two permanent colonies established by Europeans within the present limits of the United States. Give an account of the reasons which led to the establishment of each of them. (Princeton.) 15. What political and social conditions in England and France led to migration to America in the seventeenth century? (Regents.) 16. Trace the rise of New France in North America. (Mass. Tech.) 17. Describe briefly the explorations and settlements upon which the French claim to North America was based. (Harvard.) 18. In what parts of America are communities of French descent found at the present time? Tell how they came to be there. (Harvard.) 19. What regions in North America were settled by the Span- ish? (Wesleyan.) 20. What were the conditions in their own country which led Englishmen to migrate to America in the seventeenth century, and what did they hope to accomplish by this migration? In- clude in your answer definite illustrations. (Board.) 21. What colonies were founded within present boundaries of the United States by England in the seventeenth century? (Yale.) 22. Name the thirteen original colonies. State briefly the causes and the circumstances attending the founding of each of three of these colonies. (Regents.) 23. Compare the motives of the Spanish (1492-1600) with those of the English (1606-1660) with respect to colonization. (Regents.) 24. Describe and explain the part played by the Dutch in the history of early America. (Board.) 25. Where, within the present limits of the United States, were colonies attempted by the French, Dutch, and Swedes? What was the fate of the Swedish and Dutch colonies? (Ohio State.) 26. State the basis of the claim of each of the following Euro- pean nations to lands in North America in the seventeenth cen- tury: England, France, Spain, Holland. (Board.) 27. Compare the methods of settlement and general colonial policies of Spain and England. (California.) 28. Name six European nations that held possessions in North and South America between 1492 and 1763. Name the regions held by them then and the regions held by any of them now. (Board.) 29. Give a definite reason for the failure of each of the follow- ing European nations in the colonization of North America : Spain, France, Holland. (Regents.) 30. Give two reasons why the French failed in the settlement of North America. Give two reasons why the English succeeded. (Regents.) 4. EARLY COLONIAL HISTORY. 31. What was the Virginia Company? Of what sub-companies was it composed? Mention a Colony planted by each of them. (Princeton.) 32. When was the first permanent settlement made in Virginia? Who paid the expense? What legal authority was there for this undertaking? (Ohio State.) 33. What were the motives of the English in establishing the colony at Jamestown? What were the discouraging conditions in Virginia which threatened the colony with ruin, while under the control of the London Company? (Princeton.) 34. Sketch the early settlement of Virginia. (Johns Hopkins.) 35. Describe the causes of discontent which culminated in Ba- con's rebellion. (Board.) 36. Give the causes and the results of Bacon's rebellion. De- scribe the attitude of the government of Virginia in 1676 toward self-government. (Regents.) 37. What was the influence of political conditions in England between 1620 and 1660 on Puritan settlement in America? (Board.) 38. Describe the events in England between 1600 and 1660 which influenced the colonization of New England by the Puri- tans. What was the attitude of the New England people during this period toward (a) the King, (o) Parliament. (Princeton.) 39. Give an account of the founding of the Plymouth colony. (Ohio State.) 40. Tell how the Plymouth fathers happened to have lived in Amsterdam and in Leyden before coming to America. Describe the form of government under which they first lived in Massa- chusetts. (Princeton.) 41 . Describe the settlement of Massachusetts. ( Johns Hopkins. ) 42. Write a brief account of the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the seventeenth century. (Ohio State.) 43. Describe the situation in Massachusetts which led to the founding of Rhode Island. Tell the story of the founding of Connecticut Colony. (Board.) 44. Write on Roger Williams, noting particularly (a) his ideas, (6) his difficulties with Massachusetts, (c) his life in Rhode Island. (Board.) 45. What colonies formed the New England Confederation? What motives led to its establishment and what results did it accomplish? (Ohio State.) 46. Give an account of the career of Andros as a colonial gov- ernor in America. Give important dates. (Board.) 47. What important Indian wars occurred in New England? What was the effect of the wars on the growth of the colonies and on their relations with one another? (Board.) 48. What was the government of colonial Massachusetts like in essential features? (Ohio State.) 49. Compare the settlement of Virginia with that of Plymouth. (Yale.) 50. What were the main points of difference in government between Massachusetts and Virginia at the end of the seven- teenth century? (Harvard.) 51. Give the reasons for the early failure at Jamestown and for the more favorable progress of the settlement at Boston. (Board.) 52. Summarize the characteristic differences between the col- ony of Massachusetts and the colony of Virginia in government, settlement, resources, occupations, and life of the inhabitants, and religion. (Annapolis.) 53. State in what respects, during the first two centuries after settlement, Virginia developed a very different civilization from that of Massachusetts. Give reasons. (Regents.) 54. Describe the colonization of Maryland. (Johns Hopkins.) 55. Give an account of the founding of Maryland. Contrast the attitude of Maryland toward religion with that of the Mas- sachusetts Bay Colony. (Yale.) 56. Describe the colonization of New York. (Johns Hopkins.) 57. How was the colony of New Netherland settled? How was it acquired by the English? What was the government under Dutch and English rule? (Williams.) 58. Give a brief account of New Amsterdam up to the year 1660. (Annapolis.) 59. Give a description of the political organization, the system of land tenure, and the trade of the colony of New Netherland. (Harvard.) 60. Show the chief resemblances and differences between the settlement and early history of Virginia and New York. (Ohio State.) 61. Describe the principles of the Friends or Quakers, the found- ing of Pennsylvania, and its government to 1760. (Board.) 62. How was Pennsylvania settled? Compare its form of gov- ernment with that of Virginia. (Yale.) 63. What do you know about the beginnings of settlement in what is now New Jersey? (Ohio State.) 64. What do you know about the beginning of settlement in what is now South Carolina? (Ohio State.) 65. When, where and by whom was the last of the thirteen colonies settled? What form of government was adopted in it? (Princeton.) 66. (a) Compare Oglethorpe's colony of Georgia with Penn's colony of Pennsylvania. (&) What were the principal effects of the " Glorious Revo- lution" upon the colonies of New England? (Amherst.) 67. When and where were the first settlements in (1) Mary- land, (2) Georgia, (3) Connecticut? What men were promi- nently connected with each? (Annapolis.) 68. Give an account of the establishment of the following settle- ments in America, and state when and by whom they were made : Quebec, New Amsterdam, Providence, Jamestown, Philadelphia. (Princeton.) 69. (a) Give an account of the founding of Louisiana. (5) Discuss the importance of the Louisiana Purchase. (Amherst.) 70. What were the motives actuating the founders of four of the following colonies: Plymouth, Georgia, Maryland, James- town, New Netherland? (Board.) 71. Tell when and by what groups of people the following col- onies were first settled: Connecticut, Virginia, Maryland, Penn- sylvania. (Ohio State.) 72. (a) When was the great migration to New England, and what caused it? (6) When was the Cavalier migration to Virginia? Ac- count for it. (c) What occasioned the Quaker emigration? Where did they settle? (d) At about what period was there a German immigra- tion to America? Why did they come, and where did they settle chiefly? (Penn.) 73. Distinguish three kinds of colonial government, with ex- amples of each. (Johns Hopkins.) 74. How was the history of the British colonies in America influenced by the wars between England and Holland in the sev- enteenth century, and between England and France in the eighteenth century? (Board.) 75. Describe two methods of colonization used by the English in America, and name a colony established in accordance with each method. (Board.) 76. Explain the difference between (a) royal, (&) charter, (c) proprietary colonies. (Ohio State.) 77. Give a brief account of the early settlement of (1) a pro- prietary colony, (2) a corporate or charter colony, and (3) of a royal colony. (Trinity.) 78. Compare Virginia and Massachusetts as regards (a) classes of people, (&) church, (c) government, (d) occupations. (Board.) 79. Compare the social and industrial conditions in colonial Virginia with those in colonial Massachusetts. Indicate the time which you describe. Mention the author and title of any books,, outside your textbook, which you have used on this subject. (Board.) 80. Compare the political conditions in Connecticut and Vir- ginia during colonial times. (Amherst.) 81. Describe the attitude, during the colonial period, of Vir- ginia, and of New England toward (a) popular education, (6) political liberty. (Regents.) 82. What differences were there between the local governments of Virginia and New England? What geographic basis was there for such differences? How were the two forms of local govern- ment combined in New York? (Regents.) 83. Compare the system of local government during colonial times in New England with that in the southern colonies. What check did a colonial legislature have on the power of the gov- ernor? (Regents.) 84. Which colonies were the Puritan colonies? In what re- spects did they differ from the other colonies? (Williams.) 85. How did the English Revolution of 1688-89 affect govern- ment in the American colonies? (Princeton.) 86. Describe the life of a Virginia planter in the eighteenth century. (Board.) 87. Mention three important occupations of colonial Americans and briefly describe one of these occupations. (Regents.) 88. Describe the town meeting in early New England, and con- trast it with local government in Virginia in the seventeenth century. (Board.) 89. What English religious denominations made settlements in North America during the seventeenth century? Name the settlements made by each. (Princeton.) 90. How did Pennsylvania, Maryland and Rhode Island show a democratic spirit in their attitude toward religion? (Eegents.) 91. In which one of the colonies would you rather have lived previous to the Eevolution? Give your reasons. (Harvard.) 92. What were the principal industries of the English colonies in America by the middle of the eighteenth century, and what were the principal articles of colonial trade with England? (Board.) 93. Compare the patroon system of New Netherland with the plantation system of Virginia. (Regents.) 94. Write on the history of education in the American colonies. (Harvard.) 95. Compare a French colony with an English colony with re- spect to (a) motives of the colonists in coming to America, (&) relations with the Indians, (c) occupations. (Regents.) 96. Describe the political organization and government of New France, and point out wherein New France resembled, and wherein it differed politically, from the English colonies. (Board.) 97. In what ways was English colonial policy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries better than that of France? (Board.) 98. What were the relations of the early settlers with the In- dians? Explain the causes of Indian wars. (Williams.) 99. "The achieving of democracy is a long, necessarily slow process and each generation has contributed toward making the ideal a reality." State a contribution toward the achieving of democracy made by each of two of the following colonies: Vir- ginia, Connecticut, Rhode Island, the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Explain how one of these colonies aided in this achievement. (Regents.) 100. Explain the relations existing between a colonial governor and his colonial assembly. (Regents.) 5. INTERCOLONIAL WARS. 101. Give an account of the way England added to her posses- sions in North America between 1660 and 1763. (Board.) 102. Write the story and explain the importance of the con- quest of Canada by England. (Mass. Tech.) 103. Give the causes, European and colonial, of two of the 8 French-English wars, 1689-1763. What were the terms of the final peace? (Regents.) 104. Sketch the causes which led to the French and Indian War. Describe the events of that war which placed the name of James Wolfe among the great names of English history. (Princeton.) 105. What cessions of American territory resulted from the French and Indian War? (Ohio State.) 106. (a) Give the causes and the effects of the French and Indian War. (Ohio State.) (&) Give the chief events of the French and Indian War. (Johns Hopkins.) (c) What part did George Washington take in the French and Indian War? (Johns Hopkins.) 107. What territorial changes resulted from the French and Indian War? How did this war affect the political relations of England and her American colonies? (California.) 108. What was the Albany Plan of Union? Why did it fail? (Dartmouth.) 109. When and for what purpose did the Albany Convention meet? What action did it take? What was the attitude of the English government toward it? (Princeton.) 110. In what ways did the banishment of French power from North America in 1763 affect the relationship between England and her American colonies? (Princeton.) 6. CAUSES OF REVOLUTION. 111. Explain two ways in which the British defeat of the French was a turning point in the history of America. (Regents.) 112. Mention four causes of discontent that led to the Amer- ican Revolution. Explain briefly one of these causes. (Regents.) 113. Discuss the commerce of Massachusetts in the middle of the eighteenth century. (Harvard.) 114. What were the contents and effects of the Navigation Acts? Were they enforced? (Dartmouth.) 115. Name three acts of Parliament, passed before 1763, which hindered American foreign trade, and state the provisions and effect of each. (Board.) 116. Why did Great Britain change its policy towards the col- onies after 1763? (Board.) 117. What plans for taxing the colonies were adopted by Eng- land between 1763 and 1775? How were these measures re- ceived in America? (Yale.) 9 118. Make an outline of the chief acts of the English Parlia- ment and of the events in the colonies from 1763 to 1775 that led to the American Revolution. (Regents.) 119. How were the domestic manufactures and foreign trade of the colonies affected by English legislation? (Mass. Tech.) 120. (a) What were the causes, provisions, and results of the Stamp Act? Give the arguments in its favor. (Board.) (6) Why did the British Parliament pass the Stamp Act in 1765? How was the income from the sale of stamps to be used? (California.) (c) What were the provisions of the Stamp Act? What was the nature of the opposition to its enforcement, and when was it repealed? (Princeton.) 121. Give the causes of the American Revolution. (Ohio State.) 122. What liberties did the Americans claim in 1775? How had the English government tried to deny these? (Ohio State.) 123. State the principles fought for in the Revolution. (Johns Hopkins.) 124. What is meant by the statement that the Americans in the American Revolution fought the battles of Englishmen in England? (Regents.) 125. State the English and American arguments respecting tax- ation of the colonies. (Mass. Tech.) 126. State the substance of the Stamp Act and of the Town- shend Acts and explain what these meant in the relation of the colonies and England. (Leland Stanford.) 127. Distribute correctly, under the following titles, the lead- ing events in the history of colonial resistance to the Acts of the British Parliament or the King. (1) Protests. (2) Riots (3) Non-Importation. (4) Congresses. (Princeton.) 128. An English statesman said concerning the American Revo- lution, " If England prevails, English and American liberty is at an end." Explain this statement. (Regents.) 129. Show the extent to which the Revolution, while it gained political independence, failed to secure democracy. (Regents.) 130. Mention three forces working for and one working against the union of the colonies up to 1775. Show the way in which each of two of these forces affected the formation of the union. (Regents.) 7. REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 131. Give a brief outline of the Revolutionary War. (Johns Hopkins.) 132. Give an account of Burgoyne's campaign, and indicate the 10 importance of its results. Mention the author and title of any books, outside your text-book, which you have used on the Revo- lution. (Board.) 133. Sketch briefly the military campaigns in the South during the years 1780-81. (Annapolis.) 134. What events forced the surrender of Cornwallis at York- town? (Johns Hopkins.) 135. Where, how and by whom was the Revolutionary War brought to a close? (Princeton.) 136. Discuss the treaty of peace which followed the American Revolution. What difficulties arose on account of the non-ful- fillment of this treaty? (California.) 137. The difficulties and the outcome of the negotiations for peace in 1782. (Harvard.) 138. What were the main provisions of the treaty of peace with England in 1783? (Ohio State.) 139. Describe briefly the steps toward a union among the Eng- lish colonies in America prior to 1776. (Princeton.) 140. What three Congresses were held by the colonists between 1765 and 1776, and what were the most important measures adopted by each? (Penn.) 141. Discuss the work of the Second Continental Congress. (Annapolis.) 142. Give the circumstances impelling the colonists to issue a Declaration of Independence. State two of its doctrines. (Regents.) 143. What were the contents of the Declaration of Independ- ence? Who was its author? What is the importance of it in our history? (Dartmouth.) 144. "The history of the present king of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world." What were some of the facts as set forth in the Declaration of Independence? (Mass. Tech.) 145. State the facts that underlay the following charges in the Declaration of Independence : (a) He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislatures. (6) He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for op- posing with manly firmness his invasions of the rights of the people, (c) He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unacknowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legisla- tion : For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world ; For imposing taxes on us without our consent. (Board.) 11 146. What help did the United States receive during the Revo- lution — from what countries, and in what form? (Ohio State.) 147. When did France declare war against England during the Revolutionary War? What was her object in so doing? What did she contribute to the success of the Americans? (Princeton.) 148. Why did France aid the colonies in the war against Eng- land? At what point in the war did she risk an alliance? State the provisions of the Treaty of Paris of 1783 in regard to (a) the boundaries of the United States, (6) the Mississippi river, (c) the American debts to British subjects, (d) the treat- ment of the loyalists or "Tories." (Board.) 149. From what class in society did the Loyalists mainly come, why were they opposed to the Revolution, how were they treated, and what became of them? (Board.) 150. Describe two advantages that Americans gained by seced- ing from the British Empire. Also describe one disadvantage from that secession. (Board.) 8. CRITICAL PERIOD. 151. Explain why it is appropriate to speak of the period 1783- 1789 as the " Critical Period of American History." (Princeton.) 152. Under what kind of government did the United States first begin her career as an independent nation? Why were the Articles of Confederation unsuccessful? Tell what you know of the change from the government under those Articles to the government under our present Constitution. (Princeton.) 153. What were the defects of the government under the Articles of Confederation, and what amendments were proposed to remedy them? (Board.) 154. What events of the years from 1783 to 1787 influenced the American people to adopt a stronger government than that afforded by the Articles of Confederation? (Princeton.) 155. Point out three defects in the Articles of Confederation and state how those defects were remedied by the Constitution. (Yale.) 156. (1) Describe the government under the Articles of Con- federation. (2) In what particulars does the present Constitu- tion improve upon that government? (3) How was the present Constitution framed and put into operation? (Trinity.) 157. " I doubt whether one single law or any law giver, ancient or modern, has produced effects of more distinct, marked and lasting character than the Ordinance of 1787."— Daniel Webster. What was the Ordinance of 1787? Give reasons tending to jus- tify Webster's opinion. (Regents.) 12 158. Give an account of the organization of the Northwest Territory, including (a) extent of territory, (&) names of three eastern states having claims in this territory, (c) three provi- sions of the Ordinance of 1787. What influence did this ordi- nance have on subsequent American history? (Regents.) 159. What provisions of the Ordinance of 1787 show the ad- vance in the spirit of democracy after the Revolutionary War? (Regents.) 160. Give three attempts at union or concerted action made by the colonies previous to 1787. Write briefly on two of these at- tempts, showing their importance as steps leading to ultimate union under the Constitution. (Regents.) 161. Give an account of two of the following: (a) the New England Confederation, (&) the Albany Congress, (c) the Stamp Act Congress, (d) the Continental Congresses, (e) the Constitu- tional Convention of 1787. (Regents.) 162. Give the chief causes of the calling of the Constitutional Convention of 1787. (Ohio State.) 163. What body drafted the Constitution of the United States? Where and when? What was the method of its adoption? What was the main purpose of its supporters? (Princeton.) 164. How was the Constitution of the United States prepared and adopted? (Johns Hopkins.) 165. State the three great compromises in the federal Consti- tution. Give an account of the discussion in the Federal Con- vention that led to one of these compromises. (Regents.) 166. Name three members of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, and discuss the service of each in the Convention. (Ohio State.) 167. The Constitution of the United States provides that Con- gress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign na- tions and among the several States and with the Indian tribes. Illustrate the need of such a provision from the history of the Confederation. Give some examples of important legislation passed by Congress under this provision. (Harvard.) 168. Write an account of the ratification of the Constitution after its acceptance by the Convention. (Dartmouth.) 169. Give (a) three arguments of those who favored the rati- fication of the Federal Constitution, (&) two arguments of those who opposed its ratification. (Regents.) 170. What sections of the country, what social classes, and what economic interests favored the adoption of the Constitu- tion, and why? (Board.) 13 9. THE CONSTITUTION. 171. State the fundamental differences between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution of the United States. (Mass. Tech.) 172. Mention three fields of governmental action in which the Federal Government has exclusive control, and three in which the State has exclusive control. (Board.) 173. Mention two powers delegated to the national government by the Constitution. Why were these powers given to the nation rather than to the States? Discuss the growing tendency of the national government to expand its powers at the expense of the States, citing two recent instances. (Regents.) 174. What specific limitations are laid upon the States by the Constitution? (Board.) 175. What three departments of government are provided by our present Constitution? Tell how the officers in each depart- ment are chosen. (Princeton.) 176. State the different methods that have been used for nom- inating and electing candidates for the presidency, and cite in- stances illustrating each method. (Mass. Tech.) 177. Describe the system by which political parties today nom- inate candidates for President and Vice-President, and show wherein the present system has developed from earlier ones. (Board.) 178. What conditions, other than legal or constitutional, de- termine the choice of a candidate for President? Give three illustrations: one before 1815, one between 1815 and 1865, and one since 1865. (Board.) 179. How did the Twelfth Amendment modify the provisions of the Constitution respecting the election of President? What have been the various methods employed for the nomination of presidential candidates? (Mass. Tech.) 180. Describe the system by which the political parties today nominate candidates for President and Vice-President, and show wherein the present system has developed from earlier ones. (Board.) 181. How are the President and Vice-President chosen? What is done when no one receives a majority of the electoral vote? State what the law is in regard to presidential succession in case of death or disability of both President and Vice-President. (Board.) 182. How is a President of the United States nominated and elected? How may a President or members of Congress be re- moved? (California.) 183. Describe the several steps in the election of a President, 14 from the calling of a national convention to the inauguration. (Harvard.) 184. How have the provisions of the Constitution regarding the election of the President been modified in practice by the devel- opment of the party system? (Regents.) 185. Describe briefly the powers granted the President of the United States under the Federal Constitution. (Princeton.) 186. Explain the relation of the President of the United States to the national legislature, showing whether the general tend- ency is for him to exercise a larger or a smaller part in legis- lation. (Regents.) 187. Give an account of the powers and duties of the President of the United States with respect to foreign relations. (Mass. Tech.) 188. Discuss fully the powers of the President in foreign affairs. What is the part of the Senate in foreign affairs? (Board.) 189. Name the Cabinet departments and give a general state- ment of the functions of each. (California.) 190. What are the chief duties of the Secretary of State, of the Attorney-General, of the Secretary of the Interior? (Princeton.) 191. Has the President a right to veto any bill which he dis- likes? Illustrate by three or four examples taken from different periods. (Harvard.) 192. What control does the President have over the making of laws? How does he exercise this control? (Wesleyan.) 193. Why is a provision of the Constitution superior to a law of Congress? Show what control over congressional legislation is possessed by (a) the President, (&) the Supreme Court. (Board.) 194. Explain the method of nominating and electing members of the U. S. House of Representatives ; give the qualifications of voters and of candidates, and state how these are determined. (Mass. Tech.) 195. State and discuss the powers of Congress concerning (a) taxation, including tariff duties, and (ft) foreign and interstate commerce. (Mass. Tech.) 196. What is meant by implied powers? What national meas- ures have been promoted by the use of such powers? (California.) 197. Explain " The Congress shall have power ... to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into exe- cution the foregoing powers and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the U. S. or in any depart- ment or office thereof." (Mass. Tech.) 198. What is meant by the " implied powers " of the Constitu- 15 tion? Give an account of an application of suck powers in con- gressional legislation. (Mass. Tech.) 199. What are the provisions of the Constitution relating to (a) the election of members of the House of Representatives, (6) the election of United States Senators? (Board.) 200. How are United States Senators chosen? How long do Senators serve? What judicial function does the Senate exer- cise? (Princeton.) 201. Give an account of the judicial functions of the U. S. Senate, and examples of the exercise of such functions. (Mass. Tech.) 202. Mention and explain certain powers and duties of the United States Senate that are not also exercised by the House of Representatives. (Board.) 203. Why has the Senate become a much more powerful body than the House of Representatives, and in what sense may it be said to have " usurped powers belonging to the House and the President"? (Board.) 204. Contrast the speaker of the House of Representatives and the president of the Senate in regard to (a) method of choice, (&) duties, and (c) actual power in legislation. (Board.) 205. What are the provisions of the Constitution relative to (a) the election of members of the House of Representatives, (6) the election of United States Senators? (Board.) 206. (a) What may the House of Representatives do that the Senate may not do? (&) How may the President influence the legislative ac- tion of either house? (Board.) 207. Compare the U. S. Senate and House of Representatives as to (a) method by which members are chosen, (6) terms of membership, (c) apportionment of members among states, (d) powers peculiar to either house. (Ohio State.) 208. What are the powers of the speaker of the national House of Representatives? Explain the importance of the committees of Congress. (Ohio State.) 209. What are the powers of the speaker of the House of Representatives? What are the powers of the Committee on Rules? (Harvard.) 210. How are members of the President's Cabinet chosen? How may they be removed? What suggestions have been made to increase the efficiency of Cabinet officers? (Board.) 211. Give the various stages through which a bill is enacted into a law, and the various ways in which a bill may fail to be- come a law. (Board.) 212. (1) How are Senators, Representatives in Congress, and 16 the President chosen, respectively? (2) What part may the President take in the making of laws and in making treaties? (3) Outline the steps by which a bill in Congress may become a law. (4) What executive powers does the Senate possess? (Trinity.) 213. What is the jurisdiction of the Federal Courts? What cases may be appealed from State Courts to Federal Courts? (Board.) 214. What was the jurisdiction of the United States Courts under the original Constitution and how was it affected by the Eleventh Amendment? (Board.) 215. How are judges of the Federal Court selected? Of State Courts? Explain how judges are removed from office. (Ohio State.) 216. Explain the process of impeachment, and sketch the his- tory of one important impeachment of a federal officer. (Board.) 217. By what methods may the Constitution of the United States be amended, and by which of these methods has it been amended? (Board.) 218. Describe clearly the various methods of proposing and adopting amendments to the Constitution of the United States. (Princeton.) 219. When and how has the Constitution of the United States been amended? (Yale.) 220. How may the Constitution be amended? How many amendments are there at present? (Board.) 221. What is contained in the so-called Bill of Bights (or first ten amendments) of the Constitution of the United States? (Board.) 222. Explain the following and state the reasons for its adop- tion : " The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes from whatever source derived without apportion- ment among the several States and without regard to any cen- sus or enumeration." (Mass. Tech.) 223. What is a tax? What constitutes a just tax? State three sources of federal income and three purposes of federal ex- penditure. (Regents.) 224. When and why was the Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted? (Board.) 225. Group the amendments to the Federal Constitution on the basis of the approximate dates of their enactment, and indicate the purpose of each group. (Begents.) 17 10. FEDERALISTS AND DEMOCRAT-REPUBLICANS. 226. The government of the United States in 1789 has been called an aristocratic government. Support this view by men- tioning three features at that time which might be called aris- tocratic today. Mention two democratic changes that have oc- curred since 1787. (Regents.) 227. Give a brief account of the public services of Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury. Of what political party was he the founder? (Princeton.) 228. Mention two controversies regarding the constitutional powers of Congress that arose between 1789 and 1801, and give an account of one of them. (Board.) 229. Sketch the history of the Mission of " Citizen " Genet. (Princeton.) 230. Give an account of Genet's mission and of the foreign policy of Washington's second administration. (Board.) 231. What political parties existed in the United States in 1790, and what were their principles? (Yale.) 232. State (a) what classes of society and (Z>) what sections of the country supported the Federalist party, and explain why such was the case. (Board.) 233. Who were the Federalists? What did they do as a polit- ical party? (Williams.) 234. Give an account of the Federalist party, including (a) reasons why it was better for the Federalists than for the Dem- ocratic-Republicans to be in control of the government during the early years of the republic, (&) causes of the downfall of the Federalist party. (Regents.) 235. Describe the causes of the Whisky Rebellion and give its results. (Regents.) 236. Describe the financial policy adopted by the new govern- ment (1789-1796), covering two of the following: (a) foreign debt, (&) state debts, (c) sources of revenue. (Regents.) 237. Which party would you have supported if you had been a voter during John Adams' administration? State your reasons in such a way as to indicate the chief questions which divided the American people at that time. (Princeton.) 238. How did Jefferson and his followers differ in political views from the Federalists during the administrations of Wash- ington and Adams? (Princeton.) 239. What were the Alien and Sedition Acts and their object? (Johns Hopkins.) 240. Compare the causes that led to the Alien and Sedition Laws of 1798 with the causes justifying present or proposed 18 measures against dangerous aliens and sedition today. (Regents.) 241. What were the Virginia and Kentucky Eesolutions? (Johns Hopkins.) 242. Explain carefully the causes of the downfall of the Fed- eralist party. Mention the leaders of the party and the public positions they occupied. (Mass. Tech.) 243. State in regard to Jefferson (a) his political principles, (6) the achievements of his administration. (Board.) 244. Discuss the events of Jefferson's presidency. (Ohio State.) 245. Name tico rebellions that occurred between 1781 and 1800 against the existing government of the United States. Show by an account of the suppression of these rebellions the difference in power of the government under the Articles of Confederation and under the Constitution. (Regents.) 246. What three nations were owners of Louisiana between the years 1783 and 1804? Tell the story of our purchase of Louisi- ana. (Princeton.) 247. The causes and results of the Louisiana purchase. (Harvard.) 248. Discuss the Louisiana Purchase with special reference to (a) Jefferson's theory of interpreting the Constitution, (&) the subsequent territorial growth of the U. S., and (c) its relation to the slavery issue. (Mass. Tech.) 249. How was the foreign trade of the U. S. affected by con- ditions in Europe during Jefferson's administration? How did his administration attempt to protect this trade? (Board.) 250. Why were American politics very much influenced between 1789 and 1815 by political events in Europe? Point out some more recent instances in which a similar influence has operated. (Brown.) 11. WAR OF 1812. 251. Discuss the causes and the results of the War of 1812. (California.) 252. Give the chief events of the War of 1812. (Johns Hopkins.) 253. What were the important results of the War of 1812? What measures passed by Congress at its close, and shortly afterward indicated that the war "had awakened a national consciousness." (Board.) 254. (a) Explain the causes of the War of 1812. 19 (&) What was the Hartford Convention of 1814? (c) What were the results of the War of 1812? (Annapolis.) 255. Give an account of the struggle of the U. S. to secure its rights as a neutral during the period of the Napoleonic W T ars. (Penn.) 256. "The War of 1812 has been often and truly called the Second War of Independence." Explain the meaning of this statement and give three concrete results of the war. (Regents.) 257. How did two of the following seeming disadvantages of the War of 1812 produce advantageous results to the United States: (a) the blockade, (&) the difficulty of financing the war, (c) the strengthening of our policy of isolation by our drifting away from European influences? (Eegents.) 258. Show the influence of each of Uvo of the following on the War of 1812: (a) English orders in council, (&) French decrees, (c) impressment, (d) America's retaliatory measures. (Regents.) 259. Mention an important political and an important economic result of the War of 1812 on the United States. Write a para- graph on one of these results. (Regents.) 260. Explain how the War of 1812 affected the shipping inter- ests of New England and show what marked industrial changes resulted. (Regents.) 12. THE ERA OF GOOD FEELING. 261. What is meant by the Era of Good Feeling? Describe the political situation at the time. (Brown.) 262. To what political party did President Monroe belong? State the Monroe Doctrine. What caused President Monroe to declare it? Is the Monroe Doctrine a law or merely the expres- sion of a policy? (Princeton.) 263. Sketch American foreign relations under President Monroe. (Yale.) 264. What is the Monroe Doctrine? Describe the circumstances under which it arose. (Amherst.) 265. Write on the Monroe Doctrine, explaining how and when it came into existence, and what it meant for American foreign policy. (Leland Stanford.) 266. Write on the later development of the Monroe Doctrine. (Harvard.) 267. Explain the meaning of the Monroe Doctrine. State the 20 part it has played in our history, and indicate its importance at the present time. (Mass. Tech.) 268. Describe the presidential election of 1824, and show how its results affected the political fortunes of John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay. (Board.) 269. Define " internal improvements " ; mention one important work of this character undertaken by the Federal Government before 1829, and state the constitutional objections to such un- dertakings urged by two early presidents. (Board.) 270. Describe the powers of the Federal Supreme Court as given in the Constitution and give an account of the growth of these powers through the influence of Justice John Marshall. (Regents.) 13. DEMOCRATS AND WHIGS, 1828-1850. 271. Describe the administration of Andrew Jackson. (Johns Hopkins.) 272. Give an account of the more important policies of Presi- dent Jackson's administrations. (Princeton.) 273. What was the "Spoils System"? When and by whom begun? What law was enacted to abolish it? When? (Princeton.) 274. Describe the contest of President Jackson with the Nulli- fiers and the National Bank. (Williams.) 275. Controversies over a National Bank from 1830 to 1845. (Harvard.) 276. Give an account of the Second United States Bank and tell how and why it was dissolved. (Yale.) 277. How and why did Jackson destroy the Second Bank of the United States, and what provision was subsequently made for taking care of government funds? (Board.) 278. What was the Doctrine of Nullification? When and under what circumstances was an attempt made to put it in practice? What was the result? (Princeton.) 279. What is meant by nullification? What was the attitude of each of the two statesmen, Webster and Calhoun, toward the Doctrine of Nullification? What laws did South Carolina attempt to nullify in 1832? What was the result? (Princeton.) 280. Contrast the conduct of President Jackson in dealing with nullification with that of President Buchanan in the crisis of 1860-61. (Board.) 281. What was the occasion of the Webster-Hayne debate of 21 1830? What was the main point at issue in this debate? What position did each statesman take on the main issue? (Kegents.) 282. Write a brief history of South Carolina Nullification, and show its relation to earlier and later analogous theories. (Mass. Tech.) 283. How did the question of Texas affect American interests and politics before the Mexican War? (Yale.) 284. What were the causes of the financial panic of 1837? (Wesleyan.) 285. What was the cause of the break between President Tyler and the Whig Party after the death of President Harrison? (Trinity.) 286. What were the two leading issues involved in the presiden- tial election of 1844? How was each of them finally settled? (Princeton.) 287. Write on the Mexican War, commenting especially on (a) its causes, (6) its principal campaigns, (c) its territorial results, (d) its effect on the slavery controversy. (Board.) 288. Give an account of the causes, course, and consequences of the Mexican War (1846-1848). (Mass. Tech.) 289. Give tico causes and three results of the Mexican War (1846). (Regents.) 290. What political issue was the direct result of the Mexican War? How was it settled? (Ohio State.) 14. SLAVERY AND SECESSION. 291. (a) What were the compromises over slavery in the Con- stitutional Convention of 1787? (6) Mention two later compromises over slavery, stating the time and chief features of each. (Penn.) 292. Distinguish between (a) the economic, (6) the constitu- tional, (c) the territorial, and (d) the moral aspects of slavery in the United States. Mention any reading you have done on the subject of slavery. (Board.) 293. Contrast the planter aristocracy and the poor white class in the South before the Civil War in respect to numbers, wealth and influence. (Board.) 294. State the facts in regard to slavery, including its restric- tion, in two of the following: (a) the colonies, (Z>) the Consti- tution, (c) the United States, 1789-1820. (Board.) 295. (a) What were the economic consequences of the inven- tion of the cotton gin? 22 (6) What were the political consequences of the discov- ery of gold in California? (Board.) 296. What steps were taken by Northern statesmen to prevent the extension of slavery, 1815-1855? (Yale.) 297. Why did the Southern States, in the half century preced- ing the Civil War, insist upon extending slavery into new terri- tory? Why did the North oppose this extension? (Princeton.) 298. What was the Missouri Compromise, and what was its political importance? (Johns Hopkins.) 299. When and how was the Missouri Compromise repealed? (Yale.) 300. Outline the steps by which political parties were forced, between 1830 and 1861, to declare themselves in regard to slavery. (Board.) 301. Who were the leaders in the Abolition Movement, 1830- 1850? What part did the Movement play in politics during this period? (Wesleyan.) 302. Write on the Mexican War, commenting especially on (a) its causes, (&) its principal campaigns, (c) its territorial results, (d) its effects on the slavery controversy. (Board.) 303. State the attitude toward slavery of five of the following parties: (a) Anti-Nebraska, (&) Constitutional Union, (c) Lib- erty, (d) Northern (or Douglas) Democrats, (e) Eepublicans, (/) Southern (or Breckinridge) Democrats. (Board.) 304. What do you regard as the five most important events in the history of the slavery question between 1820 and 1860? Explain each briefly. (Trinity.) 305. What was the Wilmot Proviso? When and under what circumstances was it proposed? What became of it? (Princeton.) 306. Explain the causes, provisions and results of the Com- promise of 1850. (Ohio State.) 307. State the chief points of the Compromise of 1850. (Princeton.) 308. With what measures for the settlement of the slavery question is Henry Clay's name associated? Give the principal features of each measure. (Princeton.) 309. Show how the extension of slavery was affected by each of the following: (1) Missouri Compromise, (2) Compromise of 1850, (3) Kansas-Nebraska Bill, (4) Wilmot Proviso. (Annapolis.) 310. Describe the Missouri Compromise and the Kansas-Ne- braska Bill. (Johns Hopkins.) 311. State the substance of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill and give an account of its passage by Congress. (California.) 23 312. What were the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott Decision? (Johns Hopkins.) 313. (a) Was the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 a wise measure from the point of view of the South? Give reasons for your answer. (Z>) What is meant by the Writ of Habeas Corpus? (Amherst.) 314. Give a brief account of the struggle of pro-slavery and free soil men for the possession of Kansas. (Princeton.) 315. How did tivo of the following tend to settle the dispute concerning the extension of slavery : Compromise of 1820, Com- promise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Bill? (Regents.) 316. Explain the provisions of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Who was its chief author ; when was it enacted ; and what were some of its immediate consequences? (Princeton.) 317. Explain the rise of the Republican party. (Ohio State.) 318. Write on either the Webster-Hayne debate or the Lincoln- Douglas debates, touching on (a) the occasion for the debate, (B) the principal arguments of each debater. (Regents.) 319. Describe either the Webster-Hayne debate or the Lincoln- Douglas debates, including (a) the occasion, (ft) the points at issue, (c) the influence on subsequent American history. (Regents.) 320. Explain what is meant by the "compact theory" of the Constitution. Name three prominent advocates of the theory before 1840. In what documents is the theory set forth? State concisely the arguments in its favor. (Board.) 321. Point out the resemblances and differences between the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, the South Carolina Nullifica- tion Doctrine and the Secession Theory. (Mass. Tech.) 322. State three controversies that have arisen over the alleged right of a state to nullify a federal law. Give the issues in- volved in one of these controversies. (Regents.) 323. What is meant by the Doctrine of States' Rights? Where was this doctrine most popular and why? (California.) 324. What was the constitutional principle involved in seces- sion? (Yale.) 325. Outline the history of the secession movement, including in your answer the appearance of this movement in the second, fourth and sixth decades of the nineteenth century. (Regents.) 326. Upon what theory did the South justify her action in 1861? Explain the Southern argument. (Ohio State.) 327. How was the presidential election of 1860 affected (a) by 24 the Dred Scott Decision, (6) by the Lincoln-Douglas debates, (c) by the John Brown raid? (Princeton.) 328. Why was the election of 1860 the occasion of secession? (Princeton.) 329. What causes, other than slavery, brought about the Civil War? (Regents.) 330. Show that the slavery question was " an irrepressible con- flict between opposing and enduring forces," which were both economic and social. (Regents.) 15. THE CIVIL WAR. 331. What efforts were made to avert secession and civil war before 1861, when and how? (Yale.) 332. (1) Give an account of the presidential campaign of 1860, explaining the position of the different parties and candi- dates on the slavery question. (2) Why did the South secede from the Union? (Trinity.) 333. Explain carefully the causes of the Civil War. (Ohio State.) 334. It is sometimes said that the Civil War was brought about by fanatical reformers on the one side and ambitious politicians on the other. Discuss this statement, giving specific events to show the truth or the error of it. (Regents.) 335. Compare briefly the economic conditions of the North and the South at the opening of the Civil War. (Board.) 336. State four important problems which confronted the mil- itary and naval strategists of the United States during the Civil War. Briefly trace the operations found necessary in the solution of one of these problems. (Board.) 337. Describe the various methods by which the Federal Gov- ernment obtained the money necessary for carrying on the Civil War. (Board.) 338. Describe the opening of the Mississippi River by the Fed- eral forces in the Civil War. (Yale.) 339. Give an account of Sherman's campaign during the Civil War, and explain its significance. (Ohio State.) 340. Give an account of one major campaign of the Civil War, mentioning leaders, battles fought, and territory gained or lost. (Regents.) 341. Tell the story of the Gettysburg campaign. What was its significance? (Board.) 342. Mention the two contemporary campaigns of the Civil 25 War which marked the turning-point in that struggle, and give briefly the military history of one of those campaigns. (Board.) 343. The last year of the Civil War (April, 1864, to April, 1865). (Harvard.) 344. Give an account of the relations of the United States, and of the Confederacy, with England during the War of Secession. (Harvard.) 345. Describe conditions and sentiment in the North during the Civil War, using the following topics: (a) taxes, (&) green- backs, (c) copperhead, (d) draft riots. (Board.) 346. Explain the part played by the U. S. Navy during the Civil War. (Wesleyan.) 347. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? When and by whom issued? When was it put into force? Was that the end of the matter? (Princeton.) 348. " The abolition of slaves was necessary to the industrial freedom of the South." Discuss fully this statement. (Regents.) 349. What was Lincoln's policy in reference to the emancipa- tion of the slaves? Why did the Emancipation Proclamation come so late? How was permanent emancipation finally se- cured? (Amherst.) 350. Summarize the successive steps, beginning with Lincoln's preliminary Emancipation Proclamation and ending with the Fifteenth Amendment, by which the negro became a voting cit- izen. (Regents.) 16. RECONSTRUCTION. 351. Why was the death of Lincoln a serious injury to the South? (Princeton.) 352. Tell what you can of the administration of Andrew John- son. (Yale.) 353. What was Reconstruction and when was it completed? (Yale.) 354. How was the reconstruction of the southern states ac- complished? (Yale.) 355. What were the differences between Lincoln's plan of re- construction in the South and the plan of Congress? (Amherst.) 356. What was Lincoln's policy of "reconstruction"? John- son's? Thaddeus Stevens'? Why can the phrase "The birth of a nation" be applied to this period? (Columbia.) 357. Explain the origin of the dispute between President John- son and Congress. In what proceedings did it culminate, and what was the outcome? (Princeton.) 26 358. Give the presidential and the congressional plans of re- construction. What was the Freedmen's Bureau? (Trinity.) 359. What conflict between Congress and President arose at the close of the Civil War? What proceedings did Congress in- stitute against the President? How did they result? (Princeton.) 360. What were the matters in dispute between President John- son and Congress? What was the outcome of the dispute? (Princeton.) 361. Explain the plan of reconstruction adopted by Congress in 1867, and show in what respects it was subject to criticism. (Regents.) 362. Explain why President Johnson's opponents desired to im- peach him. (Harvard.) 363. What were the causes of the impeachment of President Johnson? Describe his trial. (Board.) 364. Explain how the following prohibition is evaded without being literally violated : " The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." (Mass. Tech.) 365. What is meant by the " solid South," and what events made the South "solid"? (Board.) 366. Explain the meaning of the statement " The crime of re- construction." (Board.) 367. Why did Ulysses S. Grant make such a success as a Gen- eral and such a seeming failure as a President? (Board.) 368. What facts justify the charge of official corruption in Grant's administration? (Board.) 369. Trace the series of events that led up to the Geneva Arbi- tration of 1871-72. (Board.) 370. What were the Alabama Claims, and how were they set- tled? (Board.) 371. What is meant by the resumption of specie payment, and how was the resumption accomplished? (Board.) 372. Tell what you can of Grant's second administration. (Yale.) 373. Give an account of the Hayes-Tilden controversy. (Princeton.) 374. In what ways was the election of President P. B. Hayes unusual? What were the contents of the Bland- Allison Act? (Dartmouth.) 375. What circumstances led to the creation of the Electoral Commission of 1877? Under similar circumstances would such 27 a commission be necessary at the present time? If not, why not? (California.) 17. FROM CLEVELAND TO WILSON. 376. For what political principles did Cleveland stand as Pres- ident, and as leader of the Democratic party? Give an account of what he did or attempted to do to incorporate them into legislation. (Board.) 377. Give an account of the labor troubles during" Cleveland's administrations. (Wesleyan.) 378. Name the most important events of Cleveland's admin- istrations, and give an estimate of Cleveland as President. (Brown.) 379. (a) What were the causes of the War with Spain? (b) What effects did the war have upon the United States? (Amherst.) 380. State the causes and results of the Spanish-American War of 1898. (Amherst.) 381. Explain how the recent war with Spain came about, state the more important military incidents, and name the territorial acquisitions resulting from the war. (Leland Stanford.) 332. What possessions did the United States acquire by the Spanish- American War and how is any one governed? (Yale.) 383. Explain why we fought the Spanish-American War, and with what results in the peace treaty. (Brown.) 384. What brought about the War with Spain in 1898? How did that conflict and its outcome affect the general relations of the United States to the rest of the world? (Brown.) 385. What agreement was made between the United States and Cuba at the close of the Spanish War? What have been the relations between the two countries since that time? (Dartmouth.) 386. Discuss the new problems which the American people were called upon to solve as a result of the Spanish-American War? (Board.) 387. (a) Explain Mr. Roosevelt's attitude toward (1) capital, (2) labor, (3) conservation. (Wesleyan.) (&) Mention three constructive measures or great re- forms advocated by Theodore Roosevelt. Describe one of these measures or reforms. (Regents.) 388. Discuss the growth of " imperialism " in the United States since 1897. Explain the connection of the country with world policy since that date. (Mt. Holyoke.) 28 389. By what steps did the United States acquire the Panama Canal Zone and the right to build and fortify the canal? (Annapolis.) 390. How did trusts originate, and what economic advantages do they have? Explain the Sherman Anti-trust Law. What im- portant decisions have been made under it, and how has it af- fected the existence of trusts? What was Roosevelt's plan for dealing with these great companies? (Smith.) 391. What were the various important measures passed by President Wilson's first Congress? (Brown.) 392. Trace the steps by which the United States was drawn into the Great War. (Brown.) 393. Contrast Washington's neutrality proclamation and his at- titude on foreign alliances with Wilson's war messages and our present cooperation with France and her allies. Justify the position taken in each instance. (Regents.) 394. Give three reasons why the United States entered the World War. State tivo problems facing the United States as a result of the war. (Regents.) 395. Discuss at least one constitutional objection raised by the opponents of the original covenant of the League of Nations. (Board.) 18. TWENTIETH CENTURY PROBLEMS. 396. What recent attempts have been made to restrict immi- gration? Should immigration be restricted? Justify your opin- ion on the question of putting further restrictions upon immi- gration. (Board.) 397. What attitude does our government take in regard to the immigration of people from certain countries in Asia? Describe the controversies that have arisen on account of our policy. As a citizen do you approve of the policy? Give your reasons. (Smith.) 398. Compare the character of the immigration into the United States during the decade 1850-1860 with that during the decade 1900-1910. What restrictions are placed upon immigration into the United States at the present time? (Board.) 399. By what machinery and measures does the Federal Govern- ment control the admission of immigrants and regulate their naturalization? How may undesirable aliens be dealt with? (Board.) 400. State causes that led to a large immigration to the United States during the thirty years preceding the Civil War and show the great political and industrial importance to this country of such immigration. (Regents.) 29 401. Compare immigration before the Civil War with immigra- tion of the present day in the following respects: (a) nations represented, (6) causes, (c) enects on labor conditions. (Regents.) 402. Compare colonial immigration with the immigration of the last thirty years with respect to (a) causes, (6) character, (c) results. Should we now seek to restrict immigration? Justify your answer. (Eegents.) 403. In recent years Congress has imposed restrictions on im- migration. Mention two of these restrictions. Give one argu- ment for and one argument against further restrictions. (Regents.) 404. What was the main cause in Europe or in America of migration to America during each of four of the following pe- riods: (a) 1620-1640, (6) 1640-1660, (c) 1840-1860, (d) 1875- 1890, (e) 1900-1914? (Regents.) 405. What is meant by Americanization? Give ttco good ef- fects and two evil effects of immigration since 1890. How is im- migration restricted now? (Regents.) 406. What is civil service reform and what evils does it at- tempt to remove? (California.) 407. Describe the growth of the movement for civil service re- form since 1883, and mention one or more classes of federal officers to which the principles of the reform have been applied? (Board.) 408. What was the " free silver " agitation? (Yale.) 409. Sketch the development in the United States since the Civil War of a governmental policy toward railroads, mentioning some important laws or judicial decisions. (Board.) 410. Discuss the federal regulation of (1) railroads, and (2) trusts, since 1885. (Brown.) 411. What attempts has Congress made to regulate "big busi- ness" during the past half-century? (Board.) 412. What has been the action of the United States Congress since 1908 on the following questions: (a) the tariff, (&) cur- rency, (c) taxation of incomes, (d) the Panama Canal, (e) trusts? (Columbia.) 413. Outline either (a) Tariff history of United States, 1861- 1913, or (6) Currency history of United States, 1862-1900. (Penn.) 414. Mention five events between 1896 and 1916 which seem to you of special importance in American history, and give briefly the reasons for the selections you make. (Mass. Tech.) 415. Outline the events and influences that in the last fifteen years have made the United States a world power. (Annapolis.) 30 416. What were the causes of the Spanish-American War? Show its influence on the development of American policy, touch- ing- on {a) its relation to our policy of isolation, (&) the devel- opment of a democratic colonial policy. (Regents.) 417. Discuss the present government of the Philippine Islands. (Brown.) 418. How were the Philippines acquired by the United States? What is their form of government? What problems are now connected with our occupation of them? (Penn.) 419. What part did the United States take in the movement for international peace between the Spanish-American War and the World War? (Board.) 420. What part has the United States taken since the Spanish War in the movement for international peace? (Board.) 421. What have been the most important agencies in the devel- opment of the West since 1860? What laws have been passed by Congress to further this development? (Board.) 422. What interests has the United States in the problems of the Far East? Outline the history of our relations with China. (Board.) 423. A recent editorial on our entrance into the present war said : " If the United States is wrong now, it has never been right." Justify our entrance into tico wars, including the pres- ent one. (Regents.) 424. Give illustrations of the united efforts of our country in the present World War as shown in the following: (a) activities of women, (6) subordination of private interests to public serv- ice, (c) encouragement of thrift, ((?) organization of our mil- itary and naval forces. (Regents.) 425. What are the terms of the two most recent amendments to the Constitution of the United States? Why were they pro- posed and adopted? (Penn.) 426. Mention four conditions of peace advocated by President Wilson. (Regents.) 427. Compare the making of the Constitution in 1787 with the making of the League of Nations with respect to two of the fol- lowing : (a) one point of disagreement leading to compromise, (6) method of ratification, (c) reasons for opposing ratification. (Regents.) 428. Indicate three American problems of reconstruction re- sulting from the World War. Describe one of these problems. (Regents.) 429. Mention at least four principles of our national Constitu- tion that might be embodied in a constitution for a world state or league of nations. (Regents.) 31 430. Describe briefly the organization and the functions of one of the following: (a) the Federal Reserve Bank, (&) the Inter- state Commerce Commission, (c) the Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion, (d) the Inland Waterways Commission. (Regents.) 19. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 431. Mention four contributions to the civilization of America made by England. Write fully about each of two of these con- tributions. (Regents.) 432. What influences or conditions in European thought and life led to American exploration and colonization in the six- teenth and seventeenth centuries? (Regents.) 433. Explain the following: (a) Bacon's Rebellion, (6) May- flower Compact, (c) New England Confederation, (d) Albany Congress and Plan. (Ohio State.) 434. What were some of the fundamental rights of Englishmen for which the American colonists stood at the American Revolu- tion? Name, if you can, any English documents in which these rights had been set forth in England. (Board.) 435. Show why the freedom of the self-governing English col- onies led to the American Revolution and why the paternalistic government of the French colonies did not lead to a similar revolution in New France. (Regents.) 438. Explain the following, giving a general idea of the con- tents and authorship of each document: (a) Albany Plan of Union, 1754, (5) Declaration of Independence, 1776, (e) Treaty of Peace, 1783. (Williams.) 437. Show how the policy of " divide and conquer " failed in England's attempt to crush the colonies by the Burgoyne cam- paign, and how it was successfully applied by the North in the Civil War. (Regents.) 438. Point out three defects in the Articles of Confederation and state how those defects were remedied by the Constitution. (Yale.) 439. Write an account of two of the following campaigns: (a) Washington's in the Middle States, (&) Scott's in Mexico, (c) Grant's on the Mississippi. (Board.) 440. Compare Hamilton with Jefferson or Webster with Cal- houn as representatives of opposing ideals of government. (Regents.) 441. Explain the following: (a) Free Soiler, (6) Anti-Mason, (c) States' Rights, (d) Wilmot Proviso, (e) Carpet-Bagger. (Williams.) 32 442. What is meant by the Spoils System? When and by whom was it introduced? Point out the extent and significance of the change. (Princeton.) 443. What were Webster's arguments against Hayne? In what way did he give confidence to the North? How did Hayne try to unite the West with the party of Nullification? (Smith.) 444. What reasons prompted the passage of four of the follow- ing laws : Chinese Immigration, Civil Service Eef orm, Alien and Sedition, Homestead, Fugitive Slave, Independent Treasury, Na- tional Bank? (Board.) 445. Who were the leading naval heroes of the United States? What did each achieve? (Wesleyan.) 446. Compare the policy of the following Presidents in making appointments to office : Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, Cleveland. (Board.) 447. (a) State the author and title of any book or books which you have used in addition to your text-book in connection with any one of the following topics: (1) The life of an Englishman con- nected with American history. (2) A battle or campaign of the American Bevolution. (3) A battle or campaign of the Civil War. (4) Slavery. (5) The Tariff. (6) Social life in one of the Colonies. (Z>) Discuss the topic you have chosen, showing the re- sults of your outside reading. (Board.) 448. Explain each of the following terms : Copperhead, Carpet- bagger, Writ of Habeas Corpus, Free-Soiler, Populist, Pet Banks. (Regents.) 449. What were : the Albany Congress, the Embargo, the Ostend Manifesto? What States were formed out of the territory once belonging to Spain? (Yale.) 450. Show that you have a definite knowledge of five of the following, writing at least four or five lines on each : the Web- ster-Hayne Debate, Nullification, the Compromise of 1850, the Free Silver Campaign, commission form of government for cities, McKinley Tariff Act. (Board.) 451. Write notes on five of the following: Spanish explorers, Monroe Doctrine, Compromise of 1850, campaigns of General Grant, John Hay, French and Indian War, the^Tariff of 1832, Sherman Anti-Trust Act. (Columbia.) 452. Explain what is meant by five of the following terms: the Star Route Frauds, Mugwumps, the Bland-Allison Act, Wil- mot Proviso, Compulsory Arbitration, Copperheads. (Board.) 453. State what is meant by each of four of the following: (a) paper blockade, (6) contraband of war, (c) the "open door" policy, (d) the "higher law" doctrine, (e) Ku Klux Klan, (/) 33 resumption of specie payments, (g) preferential ballot, (h) Credit Mobilier. (Regents.) 454. Write brief notes identifying eight of the following topics : McCulloch vs. Maryland, excise, referendum, grand jury, direct primary, franking privilege, caucus, aliens, "open shop," boycott, juvenile court. (Board.) 455. Write brief explanatory notes on four of the following: border states, committees of correspondence, strict construction- ist, rule of war of 1756, " fifty-four forty or fight," squatter sov- ereignty. (Regents.) 456. State the chief provision and the chief result of four of the following acts: (a) Assumption, (6) Bland-Allison, (c) Elec- toral Count, (d) Embargo, (e) Fugitive Slave, (/) Non-Inter- course, (g) Reconstruction, (h) Resumption of Specie Payments, (i) Kansas-Nebraska, (;') Tenure of Office. (Board.) 457. Discuss the origin and appropriateness of the following names: (a) Pittsburgh (Pa.), (6) Houston (Tex.), (c) New York, (d) Jamestown (Va.), (e) Sioux City (Iowa), (/) Mar- quette (Wis.), (g) Lake Champlain, (h) Louisiana, (i) Amster- dam (N. Y.). (Annapolis.) 458. What was each of two of the following: (a) the Cumber- land Road, (Z>) the Webster- Ashburton Treaty, (c) the Clayton- Bulwer Treaty, (d) the Ostend Manifesto, (e) the Credit Mo- bilier? (Regents.) 459. Give accounts of the following: (a) the settlement of Georgia, (o) Braddock's expedition, (c) Spanish settlements in the present territory of the United States, (d) King Philip's War. (Annapolis.) 460. Copy each of the following names or phrases, adding to each a single sentence to indicate why it is important in Amer- ican history: (1) Sir Walter Raleigh, (2) Spanish Armada, (3) Nathaniel Bacon, (4) Anne Hutchinson, (5) Albany Congress of 1754, (6) Lewis and Clark, (7) Missouri Compromise, (8) Sub- Treasury System, (9) Wilmot Proviso, (10) Tenure of Office Act. (Princeton.) 461. State the importance of each of four of the following: (a) The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, (&) the Hartford Convention, (c) the Dred Scott Decision, (d) the resumption of specie payment, (e) the Federal Reserve Banks. (Regents.) 462. Show that you have a definite knowledge of the following : Thaddeus Stevens, Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, Freedmen's Bureau, Wilmot Proviso, Seminole War. (Princeton.) 463. Write a few lines about each of the following: (1) Grover Cleveland, (2) Edmund Andros, (3) United States Banks, (4) Cyrus W. Field, (5) acquisition of Alaska. (Annapolis.) 34 464. Explain seven of the following terms: Redemptioner ; Quitrent ; The Association ; Alien Act ; Right of Search ; Per- sonal Liberty Bills ; Know-nothings ; Carpet-bagger ; " Sixteen to One." (Harvard.) 465. Explain briefly the following terms : bill of rights ; spoils system; legal tender; referendum. (Ohio State.) 466. Explain the significance in American history of each of four of the following: (a) Compromise Tariff of 1833, (6) discov- ery of gold in California, (c) Lincoln-Douglas Debates, (d) Sam Houston, (e) William Lloyd Garrison. (Regents.) 467. Show that you have a definite knowledge of the following : Ku Klux Klan, Slidell, Kitchen Cabinet, Know-nothing Party, George Rogers Clark. (Princeton.) 468. Write brief notes on five of the following topics : the Lincoln-Douglas Debates; Alexander VI's Bull of Demarcation; the Border States ; the Declaratory Act ; Sir Francis Drake ; the Embargo; the Independent Treasury Act. (Harvard.) 469. Explain briefly four of the following terms: (1) Carpet- baggers, (2) Mugwumps, (3) Ku Klux Klan, (4) Virginius' Af- fair, (5) Venezuela Dispute, (6) Monroe Doctrine. (Annapolis.) 470. Explain the significance of the following: (a) Big Stick, (6) Progressive Republican, (c) Federalist, (d) Free Soilers, (e) Thomas Wilson Dorr, (/) Aaron Burr, (g) Webster-Hayne Debate, (h) Nullification. (Annapolis.) 471. Give accounts of the following: (a) the causes and results of the War of 1812, (6) the administration of Andrew Jackson, (c) the Kansas-Nebraska Act, (d) the Lincoln-Douglas Debates. (Annapolis.) 472. State which sections of the United States supported, and which opposed, the following, together with the reasons in each case: (a) War of 1812, (ft) Tariff Act of 1828, (c) Annexation of Texas, (d) Wilmot Proviso. (Mass. Tech.) 473. How has the history of the United States been affected by (a) the Ordinance of 1787, (6) the Lewis and Clark Expedition, (c) the discovery of gold in California? (Mass. Tech.) 474. Mention two Presidents of the United States who have died in office. Name in each case the Vice-presidents who suc- ceeded to the presidency. In each case explain how the party in power was affected by the change. (Princeton.) 475. What years are covered by the administrations of the Pres- idents beginning with Jackson and ending with Taylor? Name these Presidents and mention three important events of the pe- riod covered by them. (Ohio State.; 476. In what branch or branches of the Federal Government is vested the power to appoint ambassadors, make treaties, protect 35 citizens abroad, command the army and navy, call the militia into federal service, declare war, appoint judges to the federal court? (Penn.) 477. Show the effect of (a) the inter-colonial wars on the Amer- ican Revolution, (&) the Mexican War on the Civil War. (Regents.) 478. Name three Secretaries of the Treasury and tell under what President each served. Give an outline of the services of each as Secretaries. (Penn.) 479. Mention four States west of the Mississippi River over which there was a controversy on their admission to the Union. Give a brief account of each controversy. (Penn.) 480. Name six Secretaries of State and tell under what Presi- dent each served. Give an outline of the services of two of them as Secretaries. (Board.) 481. How has the policy of the government in regard to the use of public lands influenced educational and economic devel- opment in the United States? (Board.) 482. Why did Kansas and Nevada support Bryan for Presi- dent in 1896, and why did Massachusetts support McKinley? (Board.) 483. Write an account of the services of foreigners to America during either the Revolution or the Civil War. (Regents.) 484. Discuss the accuracy of two of the following statements : (a) America was discovered in 1492. (&) The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. (c) With the acquisi- tion of the Philippine Islands, the United States became a col- onizing power. (Board.) 485. Make a list, in logical order, of eight or ten titles for chapters showing the development of American history from the close of the Revolutionary War to the present time. Give dates covered by each chapter heading. (Board.) 488. What have been the policies of California and of the Fed- eral Government in regard to Japanese immigration? (Board.) 487. What have been the chief contributions of the West to political platforms and party policies since the Civil War? (Board.) 488. Tell the story of a famous naval engagement in which the United States navy has taken part. (Regents.) 489. Distinguish between " suffrage " and " citizenship." How is each obtained? How has the Constitution restricted the regu- lation of the suffrage? Mention some ways in which the States have restricted suffrage. (Board.) 490. In what respect did each of three of the following con- 36 tribute toward democracy : the Revolutionary War, the Ordi- nance of 1787, the Federal Constitution, the Civil War? Explain how one of the three selected made its contribution. (Regents.) 491. How are members of the President's Cabinet chosen? How may they be removed? What suggestions have been made to increase the efficiency of Cabinet officers? (Board.) 492. In which of the departments of the Federal Government are five of the following matters treated : Indian affairs, Philip- pine affairs, the weather, supervision of corporations, admin- istration of immigration laws, administration of pure food laws, collection of tariff duties? (Board.) 493. What were the main events of the presidency of Thomas Jefferson? (Johns Hopkins.) 494. Describe the administration of Andrew Jackson? (Johns Hopkins.) 495. Discuss any important event of Grant's administration. (California.) 496. After reading a textbook, to what primary sources or sec- ondary authorities would you turn for more complete informa- tion on (a) home life in colonial days, (6) the reconstruction period? Give the exact title of tiuo sources or authorities in each case. [Do not name textbooks or encyclopedias.] (Regents.) 497. Compare the policies of the following Presidents in making appointments to office : Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, Cleveland. (Board.) 498. Name two great American historians and give the exact title of a book or work written by each. Of what period or movement in the history of the United States does each of these books or works treat? [Do not name text-books or encyclo- pedias.] (Regents.) 499. Discuss General Grant's career as President of the United States. Explain the prevalence of corruption in public life di- rectly after the Civil War. (Regents.) 500. Give a history of the settlement of Texas, the Texas Revo- lution, and the annexation of Texas to the United States. (California.) 501. Write notes on five of the following: Spanish explorers, Monroe Doctrine, Compromise of 1850, Campaigns of General Grant, John Hay, French and Indian War, the Tariff of 1832, Sherman Anti-Trust Act. (Columbia.) 502. Mention, with names of inventors, three American inven- tions that have had an important influence in the development of the United States. Explain the influence of one of these inven- tions. (Regents.) 37 503. Write briefly on the origin, organization and work of the Supreme Court of the United States, making plain in the dis- cussion the importance of this court as a check on the power of Congress. (Regents.) 504. Give an account of the process of nominating and electing a President, with particular reference to the campaign of 1916. (Regents.) 505. Compare the President of the United States with the King of England with respect to (a) power to check or to promote a declaration of war, (&) power to check or to promote legislation. (Regents.) 506. Show the influence on American history of each of tivo of the following: (a) the Jesuit missions, (&) the fur trade, (c) the discovery of gold in California, (d) the reaper and binder. (Regents.) 507. What geographic and political problems faced the Amer- ican people in their efforts to establish a unified government in 1787? (Regents.) 508. Write an account, not exceeding seventy-five words, of one of the following battles, explaining the circumstances under which the battle was fought and giving its historic importance ; pay special attention to clearness and conciseness of statement : (a) Perry's victory on Lake Erie, (&) the battle of Gettysburg, (c) the battle of Long Island. (Regents.) 509. Name tivo great social or political reforms since the pe- riod of the Civil War. Write fully on one of these reforms. (Regents.) 510. How did geographical conditions affect the history of (a) the early settlements, (&) the revolutionary struggle, (c) the struggle for and against slavery? (Board.) 20. BIOGRAPHIES. 511. Give an account of the life of some great American, based on a standard biography. Name the author of this biography and indicate his estimate of the public services of this great American. [Pupils whose answers do not show they have read the biography will receive no credit for attempting this ques- tion.] (Regents.) 512. Write on Roger Williams, notice particularly — (a) his difficulties with Massachusetts, (b) his life in Rhode Island, (c) his ideas. (Leland Stanford.) 513. Give a sketch of Franklin's training. Indicate the kinds of public service he performed and tell of any other way in which he was useful to his fellow countrymen. (Board.) 38 514. Discuss the public career of George Washington before the Revolutionary War. (Board.) 515. Write on Alexander Hamilton, treating the following topics: (a) writings, (&) financial measures, (c) political ideas, (d) opponents. (Board.) 516. What services did Hamilton render to the United States after the Revolution? (Board.) 517. Tell what you can of the career of Thomas Jefferson. (Yale.) 518. Was Jefferson's public life a success? Give reasons. (Harvard.) 519. Write on Thomas Jefferson as president and statesman. (Harvard.) 520. What public services did Jefferson render before he be- came President? For what principles did he stand as candidate for the presidency in 1800? (Board.) 521. State in regard to Jefferson (a) his political principles, (6) the achievements of his administration. (Board.) 522. Write on the life and public services of Henry Clay. (Princeton.) 523. Describe the career and political teaching of John C. Cal- houn. (Yale.) 524. Tell about the public career and services of Andrew Jackson. (Amherst.) 525. Explain in as great detail as possible why Daniel Webster ranks as one of America's great statesmen? (Princeton.) 526. Trace the public career of Stephen A. Douglas. (Board.) 527. Write on Stephen A. Douglas, stating his ideas on slavery, and telling the story of his political debates with Lincoln, and their political result. (Leland Stanford.) 528. What was the political importance of Abraham Lincoln? (Johns Hopkins.) 529. ISame three great American statesmen who were unsuc- cessful candidates for the presidency and in the case of each indicate what training and experience specially fitted him for this office. (Regents.) 530. Write on Abraham Lincoln, treating the following topics : (a) Attitude toward slavery, (Z>) reason for Emancipation Proc- lamation, (c) speeches, (d) personality. (Board.) 531. (a) Give a sketch of Lincoln's career prior to his election as President. (6) What was his policy with regard to the emancipation of the negroes? (Amherst.) 532. Sketch the life of Grover Cleveland. (Wesleyan.) 533. Describe the career of Theodore Roosevelt. (Dartmouth.) 534. What did Mr. Roosevelt accomplish when he was Presi- dent, 1901-1909? (Brown.) 39 535. Select four of the following and explain briefly but definitely the part each played in the history of America. (1) Cartier, (2) Verrazano, (3) Raleigh, (4) La Salle, (5) Henry Hudson, (6) Bradford, (7) Ribaut, (8) Coronado. (Annapolis.) 536. State the services rendered to America by — (a) Chat- ham, (&) Burke, (c) Lafayette, (cZ) Steuben. (Mass. Tech.) 537. State the principal services to America, during the Amer- ican Revolution, of two of the following leaders : Samuel Adams, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson. (Board.) 538. What do the following names stand for in American His- tory : Roger Williams, Sir Wm. Berkeley, Patrick Henrv, John Marshall? (Ohio State.) 539. What do the following names stand for in American His- tory: Wm. Penn, Sir Walter Raleigh, Samuel Adams, John Jay? (Ohio State.) 540. Compare the governmental ideas of Hamilton and Jeffer- son. (Ohio State.) 541. Compare John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson as to (1) character, (2) principles, (3) political services. (Ohio State.) 542. What does the United States Government owe to Alex- ander Hamilton, James Madison, and Henry Clay? (Johns Hopkins.) 543. State briefly the significance of Alexander Hamilton, Henry Clay, John Marshall, William H. Seward, William Penn. (Johns Hopkins.) 544. Name an invention credited to each of five of the follow- ing: (1) Morse, (2) Fulton, (3) Eli Whitney, (4) McCormick, (5) Ericsson, (6) Bell, (7) Hoe, (8) Westinghouse. (Annapolis.) 545. Give an account (not less than one page) of the life and public services of two of the following : Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay, Alexander Hamilton, and Benjamin Franklin. (Annapolis.) 546. What were the chief acts of Clay, Calhoun, and Webster? (Johns Hopkins.) 547. Give an account of the political career of one of the fol- lowing and indicate his attitude on each of two national issues : Hamilton, Webster, Lincoln. (Regents.) 548. Write fully on three of the following men: John Paul Jones, Carl Schurz, William H. Seward, John Adams, William McKinley. (Board.) 549. Write fully on two of the following men : Roger Williams, Carl Schurz, Stephen A. Douglas, Grover Cleveland. (Amherst.) 550. Give a brief outline of the public life of two of the fol- 40 lowing men: Salmon P. Chase, John Quincy Adams, John Mar- shall. (Harvard.) 551. Write fully on any two of the following: Koger Williams, Thomas Benton, James Madison, Stephen A. Douglas, John Jay, John Sherman, Grover Cleveland. (Harvard.) 552. Name the important event and policies with which — (1) Alexander Hamilton, (2) Henry Clay, (3) John C. Calhoun, (4) Daniel Webster, (5) Andrew Jackson, and (6) Martin Van Buren were identified. (Trinity.) 553. Write fully on the public services of any one of the fol- lowing men : U. S. Grant, John Marshall, Theodore Eoosevelt. (Board.) 554. Who were Salmon P. Chase, Charles Summer, Jas. G. Blaine, Samuel Tilden? (Ohio State.) 555. State of what party and in what year seven of the follow- ing men were nominees for the presidency: John Adams, John Quincy Adams, James G. Blaine, Henry Clay, Stephen A. Doug- las, John C. Fremont, Horace Greeley, Winfield S. Hancock, George B. McClellan, James K. Polk, Zachary Taylor, Samuel J. Tilden. (Board.) 558. Who were John C. Calhoun, Meriwether Lewis, Nathaniel Greene, Oliver Perry, Stephen A. Douglas? (Johns Hopkins.) 557. Show how each of four of the following performed a great service for this country: Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, De Witt Clinton, Eli Whitney, John Marshall, Henry Clay, Horace Mann, Samuel F. B. Morse, Cyrus McCormick, Susan B. Anthony, Ulysses S. Grant. (Regents.) 558. Discuss as fully as possible the influences of the following as leaders of public opinion: Jefferson, Lincoln, Cleveland. (Regents.) 559. Write brief notes on three of the following, showing why their achievements entitle them to be ranked as noted Amer- icans : Samuel Adams, Henry Clay, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Cyrus McCormick, Thomas A. Edison, Richard Hoe, Philip Sheridan. (Regents.) 560. Name and characterize three political leaders in the period 1880-90. (Harvard.) 21. MAP QUESTIONS. 561. Indicate on the map — (a) the territorial claims of the colonies, (&) the steps in our expansion toward the southwest. (Harvard.) 562. (a) Mark on the map the settled areas of the U. S. in 1860. (6) Mark on the map the lines of three railroads from the Middle West to the Pacific, (c) Describe with the aid of the map 41 the campaigns of any whole year of the Eevolutionary War. (Harvard.) 563. With the aid of the map, show any three of the follow- ing 1 : (a) the territory claimed by Massachusetts in the period of the Revolution, (b) the route of Lewis and Clark, (c) the settled areas of the U. S. in 1830, (d) the states where the Federalist party was strongest, (e) any full year's campaign in the War of 1812 or in the Civil W T ar. (Harvard.) 584. Mark on the outline map, as accurately as possible, five of the following : Battle of Bull Bun, Hudson River, region oc- cupied by the Iroquois Indians before the Revolution, Kansas, boundary of the disputed territory which caused the Mexican War, Plymouth. (Dartmouth.) 565. Indicate on the map: (a) the States where slavery ex- isted in 1860, (&) the States where cotton was the chief crop, () the Pacific seaboard. (Regents.) 577. Indicate on map: (a) the grants made to the London and Plymouth Companies, and (6) the claims of the states to west- ern lands in 1783. In your answer book explain how the claims were related to the grants. (Board.) 578. Show on map the various portions of territory affected by the compromise of 1850, and in your answer book state the effect of the compromise upon each portion. (Board.) 579. Draw an outline map of North America — locate two great mountain ranges and locate three of the principal rivers of the eastern coast. Then state briefly the explorations and set- tlement of European nations on some one of these rivers. (Leland Stanford.) 580. On a map of the United States (a) indicate, with names, the location in different parts of the country of seven different important industries characteristic of the sections in which they are located, (o) locate, with names, six of the following: St. Louis, Seattle, Memphis, Atlanta, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Bridge- port. (Regents.) 581. On map indicate approximately the areas west of the Allegheny Mountains which were settled between 1783 and 1803, and between 1803 and 1820. In your answer book account for the rapidity with which the later portions were settled. (Board.) 582. Locate and name the site of four of the following places : The first capital of the Southern Confederacy. The place where the treaty was signed which ended the Russo-Japanese War. The Pullman strike. The first permanent Spanish settlement in America. Grant's victory of July, 1863. Copper mining districts. (Board.) 43 583. Mark on map: (a) Mason and Dixon's line and boundary- lines established in 1818 and 1819, writing the date on each. (&) The area in which slavery was prohibited by Missouri Com- promise, (c) The location and name of four of the following: An American post surrendered to the British by Gen. Hull, 1812; site of Cornwallis surrender in 1781 ; first permanent French settlement on the St. Lawrence ; place of Lee's surrender ; first Confederate state restored by Congress to full privileges in the Union ; a state formed out of another state. (Board.) 584. Locate and give the historical importance of Jamestown, Yorktown, Rio Grande River, Gettysburg. (Annapolis.) 585. On a map of the United States (a) indicate, with names, the sections settled by the Dutch, Swedes, English, French and Spanish, (&) locate, with names, five of the cities mentioned in question 1. (Regents.) 586. Show on map the extent of French occupation in North America about 1750, locating and naming the principal settle- ments and forts. (Board.) 587. Show on map the territorial claims of England, France, Spain, Holland, and Sweden in North America in the seventeenth century. (Board.) 588. Draw a map of the United States and on it indicate the territory acquired since the 18th century. State from whom each section was acquired. (Regents.) 589. Indicate on the outline map the English, French, and Spanish frontiers in 1750, those of 1770, the boundaries of the United States in 1790 and 1847. Locate the Dominion of New England and the capital of the United States in 1795. (Columbia.) 590. Locate by map or otherwise the fighting front in western Europe during 1917 and 1918. Locate also five of the following: Chateau-Thierry, the Argonne, the St. Mihiel salient, St. Quentin, Brest, Sedan, the Marne. (Regents.) i>9l. Mark on map the boundaries of the English, French, and Spanish possessions in North America as fixed by treaty in 1763. (Board.) 592. Mark on map the route of Braddock's march, the Cumber- land Road, the western boundary of Maryland, the Union Pacific Railroad, the settlements of the Mormons. (Board.) 593. Locate on the map five important French posts in America, east of the Mississippi, at the beginning of the last French and Indian war, and the routes followed by the French and English forces in the principal campaigns of that war. (Board.) 594. On map indicate as accurately as possible: (a) the Loui- siana purchase, (b) the states formed out of the Oregon ter- ritory, (c) the border states which did not secede from the Union. (Board.) 44 595. Mark the boundary between the United States and the Spanish possessions as fixed by the Treaty of 1819. (Board.) 596. On map mark as definitely as possible four of the follow- ing: Gettysburg, Yorktown, Gadsden Purchase, both Kansas and Nebraska as outlined by the Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854, site of the earliest American college. (Board.) 597. Locate on map and give historical importance of Quebec, Brandywine, Harper's Ferry, Louisiana Purchase, Chickamauga. State briefly the chief facts about each of the following : Naviga- tion Acts, Aaron Burr, Grangers, Free Silver, Initiative and Referendum. (Yale.) 598. On map indicate as accurately as possible : (a) the bound- aries of the United States at the close of the War for Independ- ence, (5) the territory "dedicated to freedom" by the legisla- tion of 1820. (Board.) 599. Mark the route covered by the army of Burgoyne in 1777 ; and shade the areas definitely added to the United States in decade from 1845 to 1855 inclusive. (Board.) 600. (a) Shade any part of the present United States held in joint occupation with a foreign power in 1840, (&) shade and name the states whose electoral vote was in doubt in the election of 1876. (Board.) 22. TERRITORIAL GROWTH. 601. Give the original boundaries of the United States. (Ohio State.) 602. Name seven important additions that have been made to the original territorial limits of the United States and tell in whose administration each occurred. (Annapolis.) 603. Name the successive enlargements made to the territory of the United States during the nineteenth century with the date of each. (Princeton.) 604. Under what treaties has the United States acquired for- eign territory by purchase? State what was acquired in each instance. (Board.) 605. Describe briefly the expansion of the United States by war, purchase, exploration, and treaty, from the time of the thirteen colonies to the present day. (Annapolis.) 606. What territories did the United States acquire between 1789 and 1829? Give the date of each acquisition and name of the power from which obtained. (Ohio State.) 607. Enumerate the acquisitions of territory made by the United States before 1860. In whose administration and by what means was each made? (Annapolis.) 608. What was the "Northwest Territory" ? How did it get 45 into the possession of the United States? What was the North- west Ordinance? (Dartmouth.) 609. How did the United States acquire Texas? California? Alaska? (Johns Hopkins.) 610. Give a history of the settlement of Texas, the Texas Revo- lution, and the annexation of Texas to the United States. (California.) 611. Under what circumstances and when was the state of California admitted into the Union? (Board.) 612. The causes and results of the acquisition of Oregon. (Harvard.) 613. Name the portions of North America that Spain has claimed at any time. Explain the loss of these possessions, in so far as such loss was connected with the history of the U. S. (Board.) 614. What territory has the United States acquired from Spain and when? (Yale.) 615. In what three cases have treaties added territory to the United States without a war, territory to which the Uni'sd States had no claim? State the circumstances under which these treaties were made. (Board.) 616. Name the dependencies or outlying possessions of the United States, and explain briefly how each was acquired. (Annapolis.) 617. What possessions did the United States acquire by the Spanish- American War and how is any one governed? (Yale.) 618. The acquisition and government of the Philippines. (Columbia.) 619. (a) Write a list of the principal topics in the history of the Trans-Mississippi West before 1803, (&) discuss one of these topics. (California.) 620. Describe three events that promoted the settlement of the West before the Civil War. (Yale.) 621. What have been the chief periods of western migration in our history and what have been the chief incentive in each? In what different ways has the western immigrant been able to get land? (Board.) 622. Of what public domain has the United States had to dis- pose? What has been the general policy of the Government in disposing of it? (Brown.) 623. Give reason for the acquisition of each of four of the fol- lowing : Florida, Texas, Alaska, Hawaiian Islands, Porto Rico, Danish West Indies, Panama Canal Zone. (Regents.) 624. Under what circumstances was the territory north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi acquired by the United States? Name five states formed from this territory. (Regents.) 46 625. When and how did the U. S. gain possession of the fol- lowing: (a) Hawaii, (&) Panama Canal Zone, (c) Virgin Is- lands, (d) Yap. (Wesleyan.) 23. FOREIGN RELATIONS. 626. Why did the United States in the first 50 years of its national life adopt a policy of isolation? Show the relation of this policy to each of two of the following: (a) Washington's Farewell Address, (o) the acquisition of the Philippines, (c) our relations with China since 1900, (d) our part in the World War. (Regents.) 627. What events in our early history established friendly relations between the U. S. and France? Mention three oc- casions on which these friendly relations have been temporarily disturbed and describe one such incident. (Board.) 628. Mention four events since 1776 that have brought the United States and France into friendly or unfriendly relations. Describe one of these events. (Regents.) 629. Mention at least four disputes with Great Britain since 1789, stating the time, the matter at issue, and the terms of settlement. (Penn.) 630. Compare American international relations during the pe- riod 1800-1815 with those of today, showing points of similarity. Mention two specific problems of each period. (Regents.) 631. What have been the subjects of diplomatic dispute or controversy between the United States and Great Britain since 1815? How has each been adjusted? (Trinity.) 632. Indicate the position taken by the United States as to neutrality during the wars of the French Revolution (1792- 1815), in the Civil War (1861-1865), and in the European war of 1914-1915. What was Great Britain's record on neutrality during the Civil War in the United States? (Board.) 633. Sketch American foreign relations under President Mon- roe. (Yale.) 634. Write on the Monroe Doctrine, covering four of the fol- lowing points: (a) the circumstances leading to its issuance, (J)) the main principle proclaimed by it, (c) its conflict with our imperialistic tendencies prior to 1860, (d) the attitude of South American countries toward it, (e) its present significance. (Regents.) 635. Write on the development of the Monroe Doctrine since the Civil War with specific reference to two of the following: (a) Mexico, (6) Venezuela, (c) the islands of the Caribbean sea. (Regents.) 636. What is the Monroe Doctrine? Discuss one of the fol- 47 lowing in relation to the Monroe Doctrine : Venezuela affair, Magdalena Bay incident, San Domingo incident. (Regents.) 637. (a) State the terms of the "Monroe Doctrine" as con- tained in President Monroe's message of 1823. (6) "What was President Cleveland's application of the doctrine in 1895? (Board.) 638. What is the Monroe Doctrine? What bearing did it have on the Venezuelan controversy? (Yale.) 639. Why did Bismarck call the Monroe Doctrine " an inter- national impertinence " ? How was the doctrine extended in its meaning by Roosevelt? Over what countries bordering on the Caribbean Sea has the United States virtual or actual pro- tectorates through the application of the extension of the Monroe Doctrine? (Regents.) 640. What problems were settled by each of three treaties be- tween the United States and England after 1800? (Regents.) 641. Distinguish between arbitration and the making of a treaty. Mention tico important treaties between the United States and a European nation and state the main question settled by each. (Regents.) 642. Name two treaties by which the United States acquired territory before 1820. Dates and circumstances. (Yale.) 643. Explain the meaning and origin of the phrase " fifty-four forty or fight." (Annapolis.) 644. Give illustrations of the importance of Cuba in the his- tory of the U. S. (Harvard.) 645. Give a brief account of our relations with Cuba. Include in your account (a) the Ostend Manifesto, (6) the Spanish- American War, (c) our present relations with Cuba. (Regents.) 646. Sketch the relations of the United States with Cuba as sug-gested by the following expressions: (a) Ostend manifesto, (&) filibustering, (c) Piatt amendment. (Board.) 647. Give an account of two instances of international arbitra- tion to which the United States has been a party since the Civil War. (Yale.) 648. Describe (a) the attitude of Russia toward the United States between 1860 and 1870, (&) the attitude of Germany to- ward the United States in the Spanish-American War. Mention one event to illustrate each case. (Regents.) 649. In what cases in the nineteenth century has the United States resorted to arbitration? Give an account of one of these cases, indicating the question at stake, its importance, and the result. Mention other ways in which the United States has shown interest in arbitration. (Board.) 650. Enumerate three events since 1890 which have emphasized the position of the United States as a " world power," and de- 48 scribe particularly one of them. Give the dates of the events mentioned. ( Board. ) 651. Sketch the relations of the United States with China and Japan. (Board.) 652. State how four of the following settled the disputes be- tween the United States and Great Britain: Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, Geneva Award, Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, Jay's Treaty, Oregon Treaty, Venezuela Commission. (Board.) 653. Explain the traditional policy of the U. S. toward the Latin-American countries ; toward Europe. Have they been changed during the Wilson administration? (Wesleyan.) 654. Name three incidents between 1898 and 1914, showing Ger- many's attitude toward the United States. Why did the United States enter the recent World War? Mention four of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. (Regents.) 655. Describe the relations of the United States and Mexico during three separate periods in the century from 1815 to 1915. (Regents.) 24. POLITICAL PARTIES. 656. What political parties were formed during Washington's administration? State their policies. (Yale.) 657. State (a) what classes of society and (&) what sections of the country supported the Federalist party, and explain why such was the case. (Board.) 658. State the chief causes of the downfall of the Federalist party. (Board.) 659. What were the principles and policies of the following parties : Federalist, Democratic, Republican, Whig, Douglas Democratic? (Penn.X 660. Show how the growth of the West from 1815 to 1840 af- fected political parties and political issues. (Board.) 661. What national policies were supported by the Whig party? When and why did this party disappear from our history? (California.) 662. Name and characterize four Whig leaders in the period 1835-1840. (Harvard.) 663. Give a brief account of the origin and history of the Whig party. Name the Whig presidents and two other leaders of the party. (Bryn Mawr.) 664. Give an account of the principles and career of the Whig party, 1833-1852. (Mass. Tech.) 665. Give an account of the rise and fall of either the Federalist party or the Whig party. Include in your account (a) important 49 policies, (6) achievements, (c) prominent leaders, ( v ^ %<** .7& f "v-ssfrV V^«> v**?v .0* *•?•» "*0 rr--' A o > 4? o " HECKMAN BINDERY INC. |§| @t DEC 88 N. MANCHESTER, ^S*' INDIANA 46962 *•* •^ :-V ^t:&^^:^m^-- ■.'■■■■.■■.•,-:;,:.■•■,: !'.:vi; ,:-■..;: vi; :! .-, ' .:.