*«******«««*«H«HS««H««#«N»«#«*** 
 
 ETHICAL SELECTIONS 
 
 THAT GO WITH THE 
 
 STATE COURSE OF STUDY 
 
 FOR 
 
 SOUTH DAKOTA 
 
 EDUCATOR SUPPLY COMPANY 
 
 PUBUSHERS 
 MITCHELL, SOUTH DAKOTA 
 
 «»«jgis»jehgH»aHg^^ 
 
ETHICAL SELECTIONS 
 
 THAT GO WITH THE 
 
 STATE COURSE OF STUDY 
 
 Compiled and Edited by 
 Or%. COURSEY 
 
 Published by 
 
 THE EDUCATOR SUPPLY CO., 
 
 Mitchell, S. D. 
 
 5M— 1915 
 

 v>' r 
 
 COPYRIGHTED 
 1914 
 
 By The Educator School Supply Co. 
 (All Rights Reserved) 
 
 MAR 27 1915 
 
 CI.A398121 
 
ETHICAL SELECTIONS. 
 
 FIRST GRADE. 
 
 Section I. 
 
 "The Hare and the Tortoise," "The Crow and the Pitch- 
 er," "Story of Cinderella," "The Dog in the Manger." 
 
 NOTICE. 
 
 The selections omitted from this book are those given 
 in "Ethics For Children"; published by Houghton Mifflin Co., 
 Chicago; price $1.00. It is in most of the school libraries of 
 South Dakota. Every school library should have it. The 
 work on Ethics, outlined in the Course of Study, cannot be 
 carried on successfully without it. 
 
 THE HARE AND THE TORTOISE. 
 
 One fine day a hare saw a tortoise sunning himself on a 
 rock. 
 
 "Good morning," said the hare, "what are you going to 
 do today?" 
 
 "I am going to move over to the river: They tell me 
 that the flowers are more beautiful and that th6 air is sweet- 
 er there," said the tortoise. "I have felt for some time that 
 I needed a change of scene." 
 
 "Ho! ho!" cried the hare, "It seems to me you had better 
 get some one to carry you over. It will take a life time to 
 get there at the rate you travel." 
 
 "But I keep moving all the time. Every little helps you 
 know," replied the tortoise. "Just suppose we see who gets 
 there first." 
 
 The hare laughed so hard he almost fell over. "I race 
 — with you! Why I can go ten miles while you are going 
 one." 
 
ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 "Let us try any way," said the tortoise. "But remember 
 I keep going all the time." 
 
 "Very well, we will call Judge Fox to decide the race," 
 said the hare. 
 
 Judge Fox came and sat down beside the road. 
 
 "We will have this mile stone for a starting place," said 
 he. 
 
 "Make ready. One, two, three, go." 
 
 Off they started. The tortoise very slowly and the hare 
 as fast as he could go. 
 
 He was soon far out of sight of the plodding tortoise. 
 
 "Dear me," said the hare, "how foolish for me to run so 
 fast and get all tired and hot for nothing. I shall just turn 
 into this field and eat some of the sweet clover." 
 
 When he had eaten his fill he went to a spring and took 
 a good drink. 
 
 "No use of any hurry. That slow old tortoise will not 
 be along before morning. I'll just take a little nap under 
 this friendly tree." 
 
 And there he slept soundly for hours. 
 
 The slow tortoise kept on his way and never stopped to 
 look at the many beautiful things by the roadside. 
 
 He passed the sleeping hare and went softly on without 
 waking him. 
 
 "I wonder where my slow friend is now," he said. "I 
 should think'' he would be in sight by this time. He is even 
 slower thah'I thought." 
 
 "It seems I have plenty of time. I will just go across to 
 that pond and visit awhile with my friends, the frogs." 
 
 There he had such a happy time that he stayed until 
 evening. 
 
 Then he ran quickly to the river, where he saw the tired 
 tortoise quietly resting and talking to the fox. 
 
 "Why," said the surprised hare, "how did you get here 
 so soon?" 
 
 "I kept moving all the time," said the tortoise. 
 
 "It is not always the fastest runner that wins the race," 
 said the wise fox. - - 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 
 
 THE CROW AND THE PITCHER. 
 
 A poor crow had been working hard all day and had had 
 nothing to drink. So he was very thirsty. 
 
 He spied a pitcher sitting on a stone. "How grand!" 
 said the crow. "I will see if there is any water in it." 
 
 He found there was. But alas, stretch his neck as far 
 as he could, he could not reach the water. 
 
 "What shall I do!" thought he, and began to look around. 
 
 He saw some little stones lying on the ground. One by 
 one he picked them up and dropped them into the pitcher. 
 Soon the water rose so he could reach it, 
 
 "Where there is a will there is a way," said he, and took 
 a good drink. 
 
 CINDERELLA. 
 
 There was once a little girl, whose name was Cinderella. 
 She had no mother. Her mother had died when she was a 
 very little baby. But she had two sisters who were lazy and 
 proud, and who did not love Cinderella at all. They did not 
 like to work, but made Cinderella do all the work. She had 
 to wash and iron, do the baking and cooking, scrub the floor, 
 and clean the sidewalk, and in the evening when she was very, 
 very tired, she had to sit in the kitchen and sew fine dresses 
 for the two lazy sisters. 
 
 While Cinderella worked the sisters sat in the parlor, 
 doing nothing. They would not let Cinderella come into the 
 parlor. She had to stay in the kitchen all the time. 
 
 After a while the king had a big party at his beautiful 
 palace, to which the two proud sisters were invited. Poor 
 Cinderella could not go. She had no fine clothes to wear. Her 
 dresses were old and her shoes were torn. And so the two 
 sisters went to the party, and left poor little Cinderella sitting 
 alone in the kitchen, crying. 
 
 All at once a fairy stood before her and said: "Do not 
 cry, my good girl; your proud and lazy sisters did not want 
 to take you along to the party because you have no fine 
 clothes ; but you shall go to the party, and you shall have the 
 most beautiful dress of all. 
 
ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 "But you must go to the party in a carriage, like your 
 sisters," said the fairy, therefore go and bring me a pump- 
 kin." 
 
 Cinderella went and brought a pumpkin. The fairy 
 touched it with her wand, and the big pumpkin turned into 
 a handsome carriage. 
 
 "But we must have horses for the carriage," said the 
 fairy; "therefore bring me the six white mice that were 
 caught in the trap last night." 
 
 So Cinderella went and brought the trap with the mice 
 and the good fairy touched them with her wand and they 
 turned into six white horses. 
 
 "Well," said the fairy, now we must have a coachman^ 
 dressed in a long coat and a high silk hat." 
 
 Just then a big black rat came running along; the fairy 
 touched it quickly with her wand, and the rat turned into a 
 tall coachman, in a fine embroidered coat and a high silk hat. 
 
 Then the fairy touched Cinderella with the wand she 
 held in her hand, and her old clothes turned into the most 
 beautiful garments, and in place of her old shoes she had 
 a beautiful pair of golden slippers. 
 
 "Now," said the fairy, "hurry up, get into the carriage 
 and drive to the king^s palace; but be sure and get home be- 
 fore twelve o'clock tonight. If you stay at the party after 
 twelve o'clock your carriage will turn into a pumpkin, your 
 horses into mice, and the coachman into a rat. So be sure to 
 do what I have told you." 
 
 "Oh, yes," said Cinderella, "you dear, kind fairy, I thank 
 you ever so much and I will do what you have told me." 
 
 Then she got into her carriage and drove to the king's 
 palace as fast as the six horses could run. 
 
 There were a great many people standing before the 
 palace to see all the fine horses and carriages, and to see the 
 beautiful ladies in their handsome dresses. But when they 
 saw Cinderella they said: "This must be a princess, for she is 
 so beautiful and has the most handsome dress." 
 
 The king's son was looking out of the window, and when 
 he saw Cinderella and how beautiful she was, he ran down 
 stairs, gave her his hand, and led her into the ball-room. And 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 
 
 when she came into the ball-room the dancers stopped dancing, 
 the music stopped playing, and all looked at her and said; 
 
 "How beautiful!" 
 
 "How lovely!" 
 
 "What a beautiful princess!" 
 
 And the king's son danced with Cinderella, and all the 
 other dancers stood still and did nothing else but look at her. 
 
 Even the old king could do nothing but keep looking at 
 the beautiful lady who was dancing with his son. He said 
 to his wife, the queen; "Who can this be? We have never 
 seen such a beautiful princess in our palace. 
 
 A little before twelve o'clock Cinderella left the ball-room 
 and got into her carriage and went home. 
 
 After a while her two sisters came home and said: "Oh! 
 what a fine time we have had, and what a lovely princess we 
 have seen." For a whole hour the two sisters talked about 
 nothing else than the beautiful princess. 
 
 When they stopped talking, Cinderella said: "Oh, please, 
 take me along to the king's party tomorrow night. Give me 
 one of your old dresses; that will be good enough for me. I 
 would like to see the beautiful princess, too. Do let me go." 
 
 But the two sisters only laughed at her and said: "What 
 are you thinking about, you foolish girl? We do not want 
 such a poor kitchen servant as you are to go with us. Stay 
 at home and do your work." 
 
 The next evening the two sisters went again to the ball, 
 and when they were gone the fairy came and again told Cin- 
 derella to get ready to go; and then the fairy gave her a 
 finer dress than before. 
 
 This evening the king's son waited for her at the door, 
 and as soon as she came he danced with her, and kept dancing 
 with her all the evening. Oh! she had such a good time, and 
 she never thought of the clock. 
 
 All at once the clock began to strike twelve. Cinderella 
 ran down stairs as fast as she could. She ran so fast that she 
 lost one of her golden slippers on the stairs. 
 
 The prince ran after her. He could not catch her, but he 
 found the golden slipper on the stair. He asked all the peo- 
 ple in front of the palace if they had not seen a beautiful 
 
ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 lady come down stairs. But they said, they had seen no 
 beautiful lady; only a poor girl with a torn dress. 
 
 And that was true. For when Cinderella got down stairs, 
 and the clock had struck twelve, all her fine clothes were 
 gone. She had her old clothes on, and there was no carriage 
 with fine horses, and she had to walk home. 
 
 The prince felt very sad that he could not find the beauti- 
 ful princess, and he sent a great many men to look for her. 
 He said he would marry the lady who could wear the golden 
 slipper. The men went from house to house, and all the 
 young ladies tried to put on the golden slipper; but none of 
 them could put it on; the slipper was too small. 
 
 At last the men came to the house where Cinderella and 
 her two sisters lived. The two proud sisters tried to put on 
 the golden slipper; but the slipper did not fit — their feet were 
 too big. 
 
 Then Cinderella came into the room and when she saw 
 the slipper, she said: "That is my slipper, please; let me put 
 it on." 
 
 But her sisters were angry and said: "You foolish girl, go 
 back to your kitchen." 
 
 But the men said: "Everybody may try to put on the 
 golden slipper. Let her try." 
 
 Cinderella then took the golden slipper and put it on, 
 and it fitted like a glove. Then she took the other slipper 
 out of her pocket and put that on too. 
 
 When her sisters saw that, they almost fainted, they were 
 so surprised. And now came the good fairy again, and 
 touched Cinderella with her wand, so that once more she was 
 dressed in the most beautiful clothes. 
 
 Then the two sisters saw that the beautiful lady at the 
 king's party had been their own little sister, and now they 
 felt sorry, and they fell down on their knees and asked Cin- 
 derella to forgive them for having been so unkind. 
 
 Cinderella was a good girl, and so she said 'to them: "Yes, 
 my dear sisters, I forgive you, but you must never forget to 
 be kind to poor people." 
 
 Then she kissed her sisters anci said good-bye, and drove 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 
 
 in her carriage to the king's palace. There the prince married 
 her, and Cinderella lived with him in the palace, and was good 
 and happy as long as she lived. 
 
 THE DOG IN THE MANGER. 
 
 A dog lay in a manger, and by his growling and snapping 
 he prevented the oxen from eating the hay which had been 
 placed for them. 
 
 "What a selfish dog!" said one of them to his companions; 
 "He cannot eat the hay himself and yet he refuses to allow 
 those to eat who can." 
 
 Section II. 
 THE PIG AND THE HEN. 
 
 (By Alice Cary.) 
 
 The pig and the hen. 
 
 They both got in one pen, 
 And the hen said she wouldn't go out. 
 
 "Mistress Hen," says the pig, 
 
 "Don't you be quite so big!" 
 And he gave her a push with his snout. 
 
 "You are rough and you're fat. 
 But who cares for all that; 
 
 I will stay if I choose," says the hen. 
 "No, mistress, no longer!" 
 Says the pig, "I'm the stronger. 
 
 And mean to be boss of my pen!" 
 
 Then the hen cackled out 
 
 Just as close to his snout 
 As she dared: "You're an ill-natured brute; 
 
 And if I had the corn, 
 
 Just as sure as I'm born, 
 I would send you to starve or to root!" 
 
10 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 "But you don't own the cribs; 
 
 So I think that my ribs 
 Will be never the leaner for you: 
 
 This trough is my trough, 
 
 And the sooner you're off, 
 Says the pig, "Why the better you'll do!" 
 
 "You're not a bit fair, 
 
 And you're cross as a bear; 
 What harm do I do in your pen? 
 
 But a pig is a pig. 
 
 And I don't care a fig 
 For the worst you can say" says the hen. 
 
 Says the pig, "You will care 
 
 If I ACT like a bear 
 And tear your two wings from your neck." 
 
 "What a nice little pen 
 
 You have got!" says the hen, 
 Beginning to scratch and to peck. 
 
 Now the pig stood amazed. 
 And the bristles, upraised 
 
 A moment past, fell down so sleek. 
 "Neighbor Biddy," says he, 
 "If you'll just allow me, 
 
 I will show you a nice place to pick!" 
 
 So she followed him off. 
 
 And they ate from one trough — 
 They had quarreled for nothing, they saw; 
 
 And when they had fed, 
 
 "Neighbor Hen," the pig said, 
 "Won't you stay here and roost in my straw?" 
 
 "No, I thank you; you see 
 That I sleep in a tree," 
 Says the hen; "but I must go away; 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 11 
 
 So a grateful good-by." 
 "Make your home in my sty," 
 Says the pig, "and come in every day." 
 
 Now my child will not miss 
 
 The true moral of this 
 Little story of anger and strife; 
 
 For a word spoken soft 
 
 Will turn enemies oft 
 Into friends that will stay friends for life. 
 
 Section III. 
 
 "Thank You, Pretty Cow," by Jane Taylor. It is found 
 in Hazard's "Three Years With the Poets," published by 
 Houghton, Mifflin Co., Chicago. The book is copyrighted and 
 the selection cannot be reproduced. 
 
 "Little White Lilly," by George McDonald. 
 
 LITTLE WHITE LILY. 
 
 Little white Lily sat by a stone. 
 Drooping and waiting till the sun shone. 
 Little white Lily, sunshine has fed; 
 Little white Lily's clothing and food." 
 
 Little white Lily said, "It is good — 
 Little white Lily's clothing and food." 
 Little white Lily's drest like a bride! 
 Shining with whiteness and crowned beside! 
 
 Little white Lily droopeth with pain, 
 Waiting and waiting for the wet rain 
 Little white Lily holdeth her cup; 
 Rain is fast falling and filling it up. 
 
12 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 Little white Lily said "Good again — 
 When I am thirsty to have fresh rain! 
 Now I am stronger; now I am cool; 
 Heat cannot burn me, my veins are so full." 
 
 Little white Lily smells very sweet; 
 On her head sunshine, rain at her leet. 
 "Thanks to the sunshine, thanks to the rain!" 
 Little white lily is happy again! — Geo. McDonald. 
 
 Section IV. 
 
 The work for this month may be found in the Bible and 
 in Ethics for Children. 
 
 Section V. 
 
 "Tom, The Chimney Sweep." See Ethics for Children, 
 page 14. 
 
 "Pig Brother." 
 
 THE PIG BROTHER. 
 
 There was once a child who was untidy. He left his 
 books on the floor, and his muddy shoes on the table; he put 
 his fingers in the gem-pots, and spilled ink on his best pina- 
 fore; there was really no end to his untidiness. 
 
 One day the Tidy Angel came into his nursery. 
 
 "This will never do!" said the Angel. "This is really 
 shocking. You must go out and stay with your brother while 
 I set things to rights here." 
 
 "I have no brother!" said the child. 
 
 "Yes you have!" said the Angel. "You may not know him, 
 but he will know you. Go out in the garden and watch for 
 him, and he will soon come." 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 13 
 
 "I don't know what you mean!" said the child; but he 
 went out into the garden and waited. 
 
 Presently a squirrel came along, whisking his tail. 
 
 "Are you my brother?" asked the child. 
 
 The squirrel looked him over carefully. 
 
 "Well, I should hope not!" he said. "My fur is neat and 
 smooth, my nest is handsomely made, and in perfect order, 
 and my young ones are properly brought up. Why do you 
 insult me by asking such a question?" 
 
 Presently a wren came hopping by. 
 
 "Are you my brother?" asked the child. 
 
 "No indeed!" said the wren. "What impertinence! You 
 will find no tidier person than I in the whole garden. Not a 
 feather is out of place, and my eggs are the wonder of all for 
 smoothness and beauty. Brother, indeed!" He hopped off, 
 ruffling his feathers and the child waited. 
 
 By and by a large Tom Cat came along. 
 
 "Are you my brother?" asked the child. 
 
 "Go and look at yourself in the glass," said the Tom 
 Cat haughtily, "and you will have your answer. I have been 
 washing myself in the sun all the morning, while it is clear 
 that no water has come near you for a long time. There are 
 no such creatures as you in my family, I am humbly thankful 
 to say." 
 
 He walked on, waving his tail, and the child waited. 
 
 Presently a pig came trotting along. 
 
 The child did not wish to ask the pig if he were his 
 brother, but the pig did not wait to be asked. 
 "Hallo, brother!" he grunted. 
 "I am not your brother!" said the child. 
 
 "Oh, yes, you are!" said the pig. "I confess I am not 
 proud of you, but there is no mistaking the members of our 
 family. Come along, and have a good roll in the barnyard! 
 There is some lovely black mud there." 
 
 "I don't like to roll in mud!" said the child. 
 
 "Tell that to the hens!" said the pig brother. "Look at 
 your hands, and your shoes, and your pinafore! Come along, 
 
14 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 I say! You may have some of the pig- wash for supper, if 
 there is more than I want. 
 
 "I don't want pig-wash!" said the child; and he began to 
 cry. 
 
 Just then the Tidy Angel came out. 
 
 "I have set everything to rights," she said "and so it must 
 stay. Now, will you go with Pig Brother, or will you come 
 back with me, and be a tidy child?" 
 
 "With you, with you!" cried the child; and he clung to 
 the Angel's dress. 
 
 The Pig Brother grunted. 
 
 "Small loss!" he said. "There will be all the more wash 
 for me!" and he trotted on. 
 
 REBEKAH AT THE WELL. 
 
 Abraham was getting old, and well stricken in years. He 
 said unto the eldest servant of his house, that ruled over all 
 that he had: "Put, I pray thee, thy hand under my right 
 thigh, and I will make thee swear by the God of Heaven that 
 thou shalt not take a wife unto my son of the daughters of 
 the Canaanites, among whom I dwell; but thou shalt go unto 
 my country and to my kindred and take a wife unto my son, 
 Isaac." 
 
 And the servant said unto him : "Peradventure the woman 
 will not be willing to follow me unto this land; must I needs 
 bring thy son again unto the land from whence thou camest?" 
 
 Abraham said unto him: "Beware that thou bring not my 
 son thither again." 
 
 The servant put his hand under the thigh of Abraham, 
 his master, and sware to him concerning this matter. Then 
 he took ten camels and departed, and went to Mesopotamia, 
 unto the city of Nahor. 
 
 And he made his camels kneel down without the city by 
 a well at the time of evening that women go to draw water. 
 He said: "0 Lord God, let it come to pass that the damsel to 
 whom I shall say: 'Let down thy pitcher that I may drink' — 
 and she shall say, 'Drink, and I will give thy camels drink 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 15 
 
 also' — be she that thou hast appointed for thy servant, Isaac." 
 
 And it came to pass, before he was done speaking, that 
 Rebekah came out with her pitcher upon her shoulder. The 
 damsel was fair to look upon. She went down to the well; 
 filled her pitcher and came up. 
 
 The servant ran to meet her. He said: "Let me, I pray 
 thee, drink a little water from thy pitcher." 
 
 She hasted and let down her pitcher upon her hand and 
 gave him drink. Then she said: "I will draw water for thy 
 camels also until they are done drinking." 
 
 And it came to pass, as the camels had done drinking, 
 that the man took and gave to her a golden ear-ring of a half 
 shekel weight, and two bracelets for her hands, of ten shekels 
 weight of gold, and said: "Whose daughter art thou?" 
 
 She answered: "I am the daughter of Bethuel, the son 
 of Milcah." 
 
 And the damsel ran and told them of her mother's house 
 these things. 
 
 Rebekah had a brother named Laban. He ran out unto 
 the man at the well, after he had seen the ear-rings, and the 
 bracelets upon his sister's hands. And he said: "Come in, 
 thou blessed of the Lord! Why standeth thou without? I 
 have prepared the house, and room for the camels." 
 
 And the man came in unto the house; and there was set 
 meat before him; but he said: "I will not eat until I have told 
 mine errand." 
 
 They said to him: "Speak on!" 
 
 He said: "I am Abraham's servant. The Lord hath 
 blessed my master greatly. He hath given him flocks and 
 herds and silver and gold. Abraham made me swear — 'Thou 
 shalt not take a wife to my son of the daughters of the Ca- 
 naanites,in whose land I dwell, but thou shalt go into the land 
 of my kindred and take a wife to my son.' And I bowed down 
 my head and worshipped the Lord. He led me in the right 
 way to take my master's brother's daughter Rebekah unto 
 
 his son." 
 
 Laban and Bethuel answered and said: "The thing pro- 
 ceedeth from the Lord: we cannot speak unto thee bad or 
 
16 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 good. Behold, Rebekah is before thee. Take her and go; and 
 let her be thy master's son's wife." 
 
 And the servant brought forth jewels of silver, and 
 jewels of gold, and raiment, and gave them to Rebekah. They 
 did eat and drink, he and the men that were with him; and 
 they tarried until morning. 
 
 Then the servant spoke and said: "Send me away unto 
 my master." 
 
 And her mother and her brother replied: "Let the 
 damsel abide with us a few days — at least ten; after that she 
 shall go." 
 
 He answered: "Hinder me not seeing that the Lord hath 
 prospered my way." 
 
 And they said: "We will call the damsel and enquire at 
 her mouth." 
 
 So they called Rebekah and said unto her: "Wilt thou go 
 with this man?" 
 
 She answered: "I will go!" 
 
 And they blessed Rebekah and said unto her: "Thou art 
 our sister. Be thou the mother of thousands of millions, and 
 let thy off-spring possess the gate of those which hate them." 
 
 Rebekah arose, and her damsels, and they rode upon the 
 camels, and followed the man. 
 
 And Isaac went out to meditate in the rield at eventide; 
 and he lifted up his eyes and saw that the camels were 
 coming. 
 
 Rebekah lifted up her eyes; and when she saw Isaac, she 
 lighted off her camel. She had said to the servant, "What 
 man is this that walketh in the field to meet us?" 
 
 The servant had said, "It is my master." 
 
 Therefore, she took a vail and covered herself. And the 
 servant told Isaac all things he had done. 
 
 Isaac brought her into his mother Sarah's tent ,and took 
 Hebekah and she became his wife. He loved her, and was 
 comforted after his mother's death. 
 
 Section VIL 
 
 "Raggylug." Sefe Ethii^s for Children, page 21. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 17 
 
 Section VII. 
 
 "The Lion and the Mouse," "The Queen Bee," "Snow- 
 white and Rose-red." 
 
 THE LION AND THE MOUSE. 
 
 A hungry lion lay down and fell asleep. 
 
 Some little mice began to play hide-and-seek on his back. 
 The lion awoke and found a little mouse under his paw. 
 
 "Oh pity me! spare me!" cried the little mouse. "You are 
 so great and I am so small. If you spare my life I will help 
 you some day." 
 
 "What can a little mouse like you do for me?" laughed 
 the lion, "but as it would take a thousand like you to make a 
 meal for me I will let you go." So the mouse ran away happy. 
 
 Not long after the lion was walking through the forest 
 looking for food. Some hunters found him and bound him 
 with a strong rope. Then they went away to get their guns to 
 kill him. 
 
 The little mouse heard the lion roaring and ran to see 
 what was wrong. 
 
 "Do not be afraid, old friend, I will help you,' said the 
 mouse. 
 
 "What can you do?" roared the lion. 
 
 "You will see," said the mouse, and began to gnaw the 
 rope. 
 
 The lion was soon free. When the hunters came back 
 they found nothing but a little mouse and a bit of broken 
 Tope. 
 
 THE QUEEN BEE. 
 
 There were once two brothers who set out to see the 
 world. They soon wasted their money so that they were not 
 able to come home again. 
 
 The youngest, whose name was Witling, and who had 
 stayed at home set out to look for them. At last he found 
 them but only to be made fun of for his trouble. 
 
18 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 "Do you think you can take care of us?" asked the oldest 
 brother. 
 
 "You have always been young and foolish," said the sec- 
 ond brother. "Can you make your way in the world better 
 than we can?" 
 
 Witling said nothing. He had always been called young 
 and foolish, but he was sure that he could find some way to 
 help his brothers. 
 
 They all went on together until they came to an ant-hill. 
 
 "Let us stir up the ant-hill," said the eldest brother. 
 "Then we can see the little ants hurry away with their eggs." 
 
 "Leave the ants alone," said Witling. "I will not let you 
 trouble them." 
 
 They walked for miles along a lonely road. After a 
 time they came to a lake, where a flock of ducks were swim- 
 ming about. 
 
 "Let us catch one of the ducks and kill it," said the eldest 
 brother. 
 
 "We will roast it for our dinner," said the second brother. 
 
 "Leave the ducks alone," said Witling. "I will not let you 
 kill one of them." 
 
 "Young and foolish as ever," said the eldest brother. 
 But they went on into a deep wood. Soon they found a bee's 
 nest in a tree by the roadside. 
 
 "Let us make a fire and smoke the bees," said the two 
 eldest. "Then we can get the honey." 
 
 "Leave the poor bees alone," said Witling. "I will not 
 let you hurt them with fire and smoke." 
 
 Beyond the wood was a great stone castle. 
 
 Everything about the place was still. Stone horses 
 stood in the stables and a large stone dog lay inside the gate. 
 
 The brothers entered the castle and went through room 
 after room. At last they found a little man, dressed in gray, 
 seated at a table. 
 
 They spoke to him once, twice, but he did not answer. 
 They called the third time and he arose and came toward 
 them. 
 
 Then he pointed to a table full of good things to eat. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUD^ 19 
 
 When the meal was ended the little gray man showed the 
 brothers their bed chambers. 
 
 II. 
 
 In the morning the strange little man came to the eldest 
 brother and led him to a stone table. 
 The top was covered with writing. 
 
 "He who would wake from sleep all that are turned into 
 stone must perform three tasks." So said the writing. 
 
 The first task was to find the queen's pearls. Under the 
 moss in the forest were one thousand pearls. These must 
 ..all be found in one day or the finder would be turned into stone 
 at sunset. 
 
 The eldest brother went out and searched all day long. 
 He found only one hundred, and just as the sun went down, he 
 became a stone image. 
 
 Then the second brother tried to find the pearls. He too 
 failed, and was turned into stone. 
 
 On the third day. Witling, the youngest brother, went 
 into the forest to look for the pearls. He found the task hard 
 and began to weep. 
 
 The ant king heard his voice and came to his aid with an 
 army of ants. 
 
 "You saved the lives of our little ones," he said. "Now 
 we will save yours." 
 
 Before long the great army of ants had found every 
 pearl beneath the moss. There were ten piles of one hundred 
 each, not one missing. 
 
 The second task was to find the key of the sleeping room 
 where lay the three princess. This was in the bottom of 
 the lake that the brothers had passed on their journey. 
 
 When the youngest brother came to the lake, there were 
 the ducks swimming about. At once they dived to the bot- 
 tom of the lake and found the key for him. "You saved our 
 lives, now we will save yours," said the ducks. 
 
 The third task was hardest of all. This was to tell which 
 was the youngest of the three princess that lay asleep upon 
 their beds. 
 
20 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 As Witling stood looking at the three stone images, a 
 swarm of bees flew into the room. 
 
 "You saved our lives, now we will save yours," said the 
 Queen Bee. She lighted on the lips of the youngest princess 
 and thus helped Witling to make the right choice. 
 
 Then there was a great noise. In a moment the castle 
 was full of life for all the stone images awoke from their long 
 sleep. 
 
 And the brother that was called young and foolish became 
 the owner of the castle and the prince of the land. 
 
 SNOW-WHITE AND ROSE-RED. 
 
 There was once a poor widow who lived in a lonely little 
 cottage, in front of which was a garden, where two rose-trees 
 bloomed, one of which bore a white rose and the other a red. 
 Now, the widow had two children, who were like the rose- 
 trees, for one was called Snow-white and the other Rose-red. 
 
 The two children loved each other so dearly that when- 
 ever they went out together they walked hand-in-hand. Very 
 often they went out into the wood by themselves to pick ber- 
 ries, but the wild beasts would not harm them. If they 
 happened to stay too long in the wood and the night came 
 on, they just lay down side by side upon the moss, and slept 
 until the morning dawned, and as the mother knew this she 
 was never anxious about them. 
 
 Once when they had spent the night in the wood, and the 
 sunrise awoke them, they saw a beautiful child in a shining 
 white robe sitting beside their resting-place. He arose and 
 smiled, but said not a word, and went away into the wood. 
 
 And when they looked around they found they had been 
 lying close to a precipice, over which they must have fallen in 
 the darkness if they had taken another step. So their mother 
 told them that the child they had seen must have been the 
 sweet angel who watched over little children. 
 
 The children lived a very happy life with their dear 
 mother in their pretty cottage home. In the evenings the 
 mother would say, "Now, Snow-white, bolt the door," and 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY ^1 
 
 then they seated themselves around the hearth, and the 
 mother put on her spectacles, and read to them out of a great 
 big book, whilst the girls sat at their spinning-wheels and 
 listened. 
 
 Beside them on the floor lay a little lamb, and on a perch 
 behind them a white dove sat, with its head tucked snugly 
 under its wing. 
 
 One winter's evening, as they all sat comfortably togeth- 
 er, someone knocked at the door as though he wished to be 
 let in. 
 
 ''Quick, Rose-red," said the mother, "open the door. Very 
 likely some poor wanderer has come to seek shelter." 
 
 Rose-red ran to push back the bolt and open the door, 
 thinking to see a poor man, but instead, a great black bear 
 pushed his big black head in and looked at them. 
 
 Rose-red screamed with fright, the lamb began to bleat, 
 the dove shook its wings, and Snow-white ran to hide herself 
 behind her mother's bed. 
 
 But the bear told them not be afraid, for he would 
 not hurt them. "I am half frozen with the cold," he said, 
 "and only wish to warm myself a little." 
 
 "Poor fellow," answered the mother; "lie down by the 
 fire, but see that you do not burn your thick fur coat." 
 
 Then she called the little children, and told them to have 
 no fear, for the bear would not harm them, but was an honest 
 and respectable fellow. 
 
 So Snow-white and Rose-red crept out from their hiding- 
 places, and by-and-by the lamb and dove came too, and 
 were not the least afraid of the bear, who asked the children 
 to brush the snow from his fur for him. They fetched a broom 
 and brushed the thick black coat, till not a single flake re- 
 mained, and then the bear stretched himself comfortably in 
 front of the fire, and growled gently with content. 
 
 Before long the children were quite at home with their 
 clumsy guest, playing all sorts of tricks upon him. The bear 
 seemed well pleased with this treatment, though, when they 
 became a little too rough, he would cry comically, "Please, 
 children, don't kill me quite." 
 
22 ETHICAL SEL ECTIONS OF 
 
 When bed-time came the mother told the bear that he 
 might spend the night beside the hearth, and so be sheltered 
 from the cold and storm. 
 
 As soon as morning dawned the two children opened the 
 -door, and he trotted away across the snow and was lost to 
 sight in the wood. But from that day the bear came to them 
 every night at the same time, laid himself down beside the 
 Tiearth, and let the children play pranks with him as they 
 liked, and they soon grew so accustomed to him that they 
 never thought of bolting the door until their black friend had 
 arrived. 
 
 When spring came, and the whole world was fresh and 
 green, the bear told Snow-white one morning that he would 
 not be able to visit them again all through the summer 
 months. 
 
 "Where are you going to, dear bear?" asked Snow-white. 
 
 "I must stay in the wood and guard my treasures from 
 the wicked dwarfs. In the winter, when the ground is frozen 
 hard, they cannot work their way through it, and are obliged 
 to stay below in their caves; but now that the warm sun has 
 thawed the earth, they will soon break througn it, and come 
 out to steal what they can find, and that which once goes 
 into their caves seldom comes out again." 
 
 Snow-white grieved sadly over the parting. As she un- 
 bolted the door and the bear hurried through, a piece of his 
 coat caught on the latch and was torn off, and it seemed to 
 the child that she saw a glimmer of gold beneath it, but she 
 was not sure. The bear ran quickly away, and soon disap- 
 peared behind the trees. ' 
 
 Some time afterwards the mother sent the children into 
 the wood to gather sticks. They came to a great tree which 
 lay felled on the ground, and beside which something kept 
 jumping up and down in the grass. 
 
 At first they could not make out what it was, but as they 
 came nearer they saw that it was a dwart, with an old 
 withered face, and a snow-white beard an ell long at least. 
 The end of his beard had been fast caught in a split in the 
 tree, and the little creature jumped about like a little dog at 
 the end of a string, and knew not how to help himself. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY - 23 
 
 He glared at the little girls with fiery red eyes and 
 screamed, "Why do you stand staring there instead of com- 
 ing to help me?" 
 
 "What have you been doing, little man?" asked Rose-red. 
 
 "You silly, prying goose," answered the dwarf; if you 
 must know, I was splitting the tree to get some small pieces 
 of wood for the kitchen. The large logs which you use would 
 burn up our food in no time; we don't need to cook such a 
 quantity as you great greedy folk. I had just driven the 
 wedge firmly in and everything seemed right enough, when it 
 slipped on the smooth wood, and popped out, so that the tree 
 closed up in a second, catching my beautiful white beard as it 
 did so; and now I cannot get it out again, and you foolish, 
 milk-faced creatures stand and laugh at me. Oh, how horrid 
 you are!" 
 
 The children tried with all their might to help the old 
 man, but they could not loosen his beard, and so Rose-red 
 said she would run and fetch someone to help them. 
 
 "You stupid things!" snarled the dwarf. "Why go and 
 fetch others when you are two too many already? Can't 
 you think of something better than that? 
 
 "Have patience," said Snow-white. "I know what to do." 
 And drawing her scissors from her pocket she cut off the end 
 of the old man's beard. 
 
 As soon as the dwarf was free he grabbed at a bag of 
 gold which was hidden amongst the roots of the tree, threw 
 it across his shoulders, and grumbled out, "What clumsy folk, 
 to be sure — to cut off a piece of my beautiful beard! Bad 
 luck to you!" and then, without so much as a word of thanks 
 to the children, away he went. 
 
 Some time afterwards Snow-white and Rose-red went to 
 catch a dish of fish, and as they neared the brook they saw 
 something that looked like a grasshopper, hopping along 
 towards the water. They ran towards it, and soon recognized 
 the dwarf. 
 
 "What are you doing?" said Rose-red; "surely you don't 
 want to jump into the water?" 
 
 "I'm not quite such an idiot as that," shrieked the dwarf. 
 "Can't you see that the horrid fish is pulling me in?" 
 
24 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 The little man had been sitting fishing", when unfortu- 
 nately the wind entangled his beard with the fishing-line. 
 Just at that moment a large fish took the bait, and the little 
 weak creature was not strong enough to pull it out, so 
 the fish had the upper hand and was drawing the dwarf 
 into the water. It is true that he clutched at the grass 
 and rushes as he went along, but it was all in vain, and he 
 was forced to follow every movement of the fish, so that he 
 was in danger of being drowned. 
 
 The children came just at the right moment. They held 
 the little man fast and tried to disentagle the line, but they 
 could not do so, and at last there was nothing for it but to 
 bring out the scissors and snip a little piece off of the beard. 
 
 The dwarf was very angry when he saw what they had 
 done. 
 
 "Is it good manners," he yelled, "to spoil a person's face 
 like that, you toads ?" Not content with having shortened my 
 beard, you must now cut the best part out of it. May you go 
 barefoot all your days for your pains!" 
 
 Then he seized a bag of pearls which lay hidden in the 
 reeds, marched off without another word, and disappeared 
 iDehind a stone. 
 
 It happened that soon afterwards the mother sent her 
 two little girls into town to buy needles and thread, laces 
 and ribbons. Their way led them across a piece of land where 
 great rocks lay scattered about. 
 
 There they saw a huge bird hovering in the air above 
 them. Lower and lower it sank, until at last it settled upon 
 a rock close by, and immediately they heard a piercing shriek. 
 They hurried towards the sound, and saw, to their horror, 
 that the eagle had seized upon their old acquaintance the 
 •dwarf , and was carrying him off. The kind-hearted children 
 at once took hold of the little man, and held him with might 
 and main, so that the eagle was obliged to give up its prey. 
 As soon as the dwarf had recovered from his fright he cried, 
 in his rasping voice, "Could you not have been a little more 
 careful? See, you have torn my delicate coat, so that it is 
 all in rags. Stupid, clumsy creatures that you are!" 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 25 
 
 Then he took up a bag full of precious stones, and slipped 
 down into his den beneath the rock. 
 
 The children were used to his ingratitude, so they just 
 went on their way and did their marketing in the town. 
 
 On their way home they again met the dwarf. He had 
 emptied his sack of precious stones upon a smooth place, 
 little thinking to be surprised by anyone at such a late hour. 
 The evening sun shone upon the glistening heap of gems, and 
 made them sparkle and flash so prettily that the children 
 stood still to look at them, 
 
 "Why do you stand gaping there?" screamed the dwarf, 
 his ashen face crimson with wrath. He would have continued 
 to scold but at that moment loud growls were heard, and a 
 big black bear came shambling out of the wood. 
 
 In terror the dwarf sprang towards his cave, but the 
 bear was too near, and he could not reach it. Then he cried, 
 in his dispair, "Dear Mr. Bear, spare me, I pray you, and I 
 will give you all my treasures. Look at these precious 
 stones: they shall all be yours if only you will spare my life. 
 I am such a little fellow you would scarcely feel me between 
 your teeth, but here are these two wicked girls — take them 
 and eat them; you will find them tender morsels, and as fat 
 as young quails." 
 
 The bear took no heed of his words, but gave the wicked 
 little creature one stroke with his paws, and lie never moved 
 again. 
 
 The two girls began to run away, but the bear now called 
 to them, "Snow-white, Rose-red, do not be afraid. If you will 
 wait for me I will come with you." 
 
 They recognized his voice at once, and stood still, and as 
 the bear came up to them his fur coat suddenly fell off, and 
 he stood there, a fine handsome man, dressed all in shining 
 gold. 
 
 "I am a King's son," he said, "and I was condemned by 
 the wicked dwarf, who had stolen all my treasures, to become 
 a bear and run wild in the woods, until I should be released 
 by his death. He has now received his well-earned reward." 
 
 Shortly afterwards the disenchanted Prince married little 
 Snow-white, whilst Rose-red was betrothed to his brother, and 
 
26 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 they divided between them all the beautiful treasures which 
 the dwarf had collected in his cave. 
 
 The poor old mother went to live with her dear children, 
 and took with her the two rose-trees from her garden. 
 These she planted close to her window ,and every year they 
 "were covered with the most beautiful red and white roses that 
 ever were seen. 
 
 Section IX. 
 
 The first three selections for this month are found in 
 "White's School Management." They are copyrighted and 
 will have to be read to the pupils from the original text. 
 
 The selection entitled "Please," is taken from Alice As- 
 pin wall's "Can You Believe Me?" published by The E. P. But- 
 ton Company, Indianapolis, Ind.; price $1.50. The copyright 
 on it prevents us from reproducing it herein. 
 
 "Four-footed Gentlemen." See Ethics for Children, page 
 28. 
 
 SECOND GRADE. 
 Section X. 
 
 "Baby." See Ethics for Children, page 33. 
 
 "Child Life," by Whittier. Publishers, Houghton, Mif- 
 flin Co., Chicago; price $1.50. 
 
 "A Brave Baby," by Sara Wiltse, is a copyrighted pro- 
 duction published by Ginn and Company, Chicago; price 50c. 
 
 "St. Francis of Assisi." See Ethics for Children, page 
 :35. 
 
 Section XI. 
 
 Follow instructions in the Course of Study. 
 
 Section XII. 
 
 "The Wheat Field." 
 
 'Margaret of Orleans." See Ethics for Children, page 39. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 27 
 
 THE WHEAT-FIELD. 
 
 Some children were set to reap in a wheat-field. The 
 wheat was yellow as gold, the sun shone gloriously, and the 
 butterflies flew hither and thither. Some of the children 
 worked better, and some worse; but there was one who ran 
 here and there after the butterflies that fluttered about his 
 head, and sang as he ran. 
 
 By and by evening came, and the Angel of the wheat-field 
 called to the children and said, "Come now to the gate, and 
 bring your sheaves with you." 
 
 So the children came, bringing their sheaves. Some had 
 great piles laid close and even, so that they might carry more; 
 some had theirs laid large and loose, so that they looked more 
 than they were; but one, the child that had run to and fro 
 after the butterflies, came empty-handed. 
 
 The Angel said to this child, "Where are your sheaves?" 
 
 The child hung his head. "I do not know!" he said. "I 
 had some, but I have lost them, I know not how." 
 
 "None enter here without sheaves," said the Angel. 
 
 "I know that," said the child. "But I thought I would 
 like to see the place where the others were going; besides, 
 they would not let me leave them." 
 
 Then all the other children cried out together. One said, 
 "Dear Angel, let him in! In the morning I was sick, and this 
 child came and played with me, and showed me the butterflies, 
 and I forgot my pain. Also, he gave me one of his sheaves, 
 and I would give it to him again, but I cannot tell it now 
 from my own." 
 
 Another said, "Dear Angel, let him in! At noon the 
 sun beat on my head so fiercely that I fainted and fell down 
 like one dead; and this child came running by, and when he 
 saw me he brought water to revive me, and then he showed 
 me the butterflies, and was so glad and merry that my 
 strength returned, to me also he gave one of his sheaves, and 
 I would give it to him again, but it is so like my own that I 
 cannot tell it." 
 
 And a third said, "Just now, as evening was coming, I 
 was weary and sad, and had so few sheaves that it seemed 
 
28 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 hardly wotrh my while to go on working; but this child com- 
 forted me, and showed me the butterflies, and gave me of his 
 sheaves. Look! it may be that this was his; and yet I 
 cannot tell, it is so like my own." 
 
 And all the children said, "We also had sheaves from 
 him, dear Angel; let him in, we pray you!" 
 
 The Angel smiled, and reached his hand inside the gate 
 and brought out a pile of sheaves; it was not large, but the 
 glory of the sun was on it, so that it seemed to lighten the 
 whole field. 
 
 "Here are his sheaves!" said the Angel. "They are known 
 and counted, every one." and he said to the child, "Lead the 
 way in!" 
 
 Section XIIL 
 
 "The Lamb," by William Blake. See Ethics for Children, 
 page 42. 
 
 Section XIV. 
 
 The Course of Study tells where most of the material for 
 this month may be secured. 
 
 The "Story of Joseph," abridged and adapted. 
 
 THE STORY OF JOSEPH. 
 
 Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock 
 with his brethren. Isreal (Jacob) loved Joseph more than 
 all his children. And when his brethren saw that their father 
 loved him more than all the others, they hated him and would 
 not speak peaceably unto him. 
 
 And his brethren went to feed their father's flock in 
 Shechem. Isreal said unto Joseph: "Do not they brethren 
 feed the flock in Shechem? Come and I will send thee unto 
 them." 
 
 "Go! I pray thee; see whether it be well with thy breth- 
 ren, and well with the flocks; and bring me word again." 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 29 
 
 So he sent him out of the vale of Hebron, and he came 
 to Shechem. A certain man found him wandering in the field 
 and the man asked him, "What seekest thou?" 
 
 Joseph said: "I seek my brethren: tell me, I pray 
 thee, where they feed their flocks." 
 
 The man said: "They are departed hence; for I heard 
 them say, 'Let us go to Dothan/ " 
 
 So Joseph went after his brethren and found them in 
 Dothan. And when they saw him afar off, they conspired 
 against him to slay him. 
 
 And when he was come unto his brethren, they stripped 
 him out of his coat of many colors and cast him into a pit. 
 The pit was empty. There was no water in it. 
 
 Then they sat down to eat bread; and when they lifted up 
 their eyes, they saw a company of Ishmeelites coming from 
 Gilead with their camels bearing spicery and balm and myrrh 
 down into Egypt. 
 
 Judah said unto his brethren: "What profit is it if we 
 slay our brother and conceal his blood? Let us sell him to the 
 Ishmeelites." 
 
 And his brethren were content. 
 
 So they lifted him up out of the pit and sold him to the 
 Ishmeelites for twenty pieces of silver. The Ishmeelites 
 brought him into Egypt. 
 
 Joseph's brother, Reuben, did not see his brethren take 
 him out of the pit. After awhile, Reuben returned unto the 
 pit; and behold, Joseph was not there. So he rent his clothes 
 and returned unto his brethren and said unto them: "The 
 child is not! And I! Whither shall I go?" 
 
 Then, they, in order to cover up their crime, took 
 Joseph's coat which they had seized from him, and killed a 
 kid of the goats, and dipped the coat into the blood. They 
 then brought it to their father and said: "This have we found. 
 Be it thy son's coat?" 
 
 Israel knew it. He said: "It is my son's coat. An evil 
 beast hath devoured him. Joseph is without doubt rent in 
 pieces." 
 
 And Jacob (Israel) rent his clothes, and put sackcloth 
 upon his loins, and mourned for his son many days. All his 
 
30 ETHICAL SELEC TIONS OF 
 
 sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him; but he re^ 
 fused to be comforted. He said, "I will go down into the- 
 grave mourning for my son." 
 
 The Ishmeelites brought Joseph down to Egypt; and Pot- 
 iphar, an officer of Pharaoh, captain of the guard and an 
 Egyptian, bought him of them. This made twice that the- 
 lad had been sold. 
 
 And the Lord was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous 
 man. His master saw that the Lord was with him, so he 
 made him overseer of all that he had. The Lord blessed the 
 Egyptian's house for Joseph's sake. 
 
 Finally, Pharaoh became jealous of Joseph, so he thrust 
 him into prison, where he remained for two years. 
 
 Then Pharaoh had a dream. No one could interpret it. 
 The Keeper of the prison told him that the Hebrew, Joseph, 
 could interpret dreams. So Pharaoh sent for Joseph. They 
 brought him hastily out of the dungeon. He shaved himself,, 
 changed his raiment and came unto Pharaoh. The later 
 repeated his dream to Joseph in detail. 
 
 Joseph answered and said: "The dream of Pharaoh is 
 one. God hath shewed Pharaoh what he is about to do. 
 
 "The seven good kine are seven years, 
 
 "The seven good ears are seven years, 
 
 "The seven thin and ill-favoured kine are seven years, 
 
 "The seven empty ears, blasted with the east wind, shall: 
 be seven years. 
 
 "Behold, there come seven years of great plenty through- 
 out all the land of Egypt; then there shall arise after them, 
 seven years of famine. It is because the thing is established 
 by God, and God will shortly bring it to pass." 
 
 Pharaoh said unto Joseph: "Forasmuch as God hath 
 shewed thee all this, there is none so discreet and wise as 
 thou art. Thou shalt be over my house, and according to 
 thy word shall all my people be ruled: only in the throne will 
 I be greater than thou." 
 
 And Pharoah took off his ring from his hand and put 
 it onto Joseph's hand; and arrayed him vestures of fine 
 linen, and put a gold chain about his neck; and made him to- 
 ride in the second chariot which he had. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 31 
 
 Joseph was now thirty years old. Pharaoh gave him 
 for a wife Asenath, daughter of the Priest of On. And unto 
 them were born two sons. The ^rst one they named Manas- 
 seh, and the second one Ephraim. 
 
 During the seven plenteous years, the earth brought forth 
 by handfuls. Joseph gathered up all the food of these seven 
 years into Egypt. 
 
 When the seven years of dearth began to come, the 
 famine was over all the face of the earth; and all countries 
 came into Egypt to buy corn. 
 
 Now, when Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, he 
 said unto his sons: "Why do you look one upon the other? 
 Get ye down thither, and buy for us from thence, that we 
 may live and not die." 
 
 So Joseph's ten brethren went down to buy corn in 
 Egypt. They left his youngest brother, Benjamin, at home, 
 for Jacob had said, "Lest peradventure mischief befall 
 him." 
 
 And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but he 
 made himself strange unto them. They knew him not. 
 
 He spake unto them saying: "Ye are spies. Hereby ye 
 shall be proved. By the life of Pharaoh, ye shall not go forth 
 hence, except your youngest brother come hither. Send one 
 of you, and let him fetch your brother, and ye shall be kept 
 in prison that your words may be proven, whether there be 
 any truth." 
 
 And Joseph said unto them the third day: "This do, and 
 live; for I fear God. If ye be true men, let one of your 
 brethren be bound in the house of your prison. But bring 
 your youngest brother unto me; so shall your words be 
 verified, and ye shall not die." 
 
 They did so, and they said one to another: "We are 
 verily guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the 
 anguish of his soul, when he besought us, and we would not 
 hear." (This was when he was in the pit.) 
 
 And they knew not that Joseph understood them, for he 
 spake to them by an interpreter. 
 
 And he turned himself about from them and wept; and 
 returned to them again, and communed with them; and he 
 
32 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 took from them Simeon and he bound him before their eyes. 
 
 Then Joseph commanded his servants to fill the sacks 
 of his brethren with corn, and to restore every man's moneys 
 into his sack, and to give them provision for the way. 
 
 And they came unto Jacob and told him all that befell 
 them, 
 
 Jacob said unto them: "Me have ye bereaved of my^ 
 children: Joseph is not, and Simeon is not, and ye will take 
 Benjamin away." 
 
 Then Reuben spake unto his father, saying: "Slay my 
 two sons, if I bring him not to thee. Deliver him into my 
 hands, and I will bring him to thee again." 
 
 And it came to pass, when they had eaten up all the corn 
 which they had brought out of Egypt, their father said unto 
 them, "Go again, buy us a little food." 
 
 Judah said: "The man did solemnly protest unto us, 
 saying, *Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be 
 with you.' If thou wilt send our brother with us, we will 
 go down and buy thee food; but if thou wilt not send him we 
 will not go!" 
 
 And their father said unto them: "If it must be so, do 
 this: Take of the best fruits of the land in your vessels and 
 carry down the man a present. Take also your brother; 
 and God Almighty give you mercy before the man that he 
 may send you away with your other brother, and Benjamin." 
 
 The men took the present and Benjamin and rose up and 
 went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph. And when 
 Joseph saw Benjamin, he said to the ruler of his house: 
 "Bring these men home, and slay and make ready, for they 
 shall dine with me at noon." 
 
 He did as Joseph bade him and brought the men into 
 Joseph's house, and gave them water, and they washed their 
 feet. . 
 
 And when Joseph came home, he asked them of their 
 welfare, saying: "Is your father well, the old man of whom 
 ye spake? Is he yet alive?" 
 
 They answered: "Thy servant, our father, is in good' 
 health; he is yet alive." 
 
 Joseph lifted up his eyes and saw his brother, Benjamin;; 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 33 
 
 and he said: "Is this your younger brother?" 
 
 Then he entered into his chamber and wept there. He 
 washed his face and went out and refrained himself, and 
 said, "Set on bread." 
 
 And he took and sent messes unto them; but Benjamin's 
 mess was five times as much as any of the others. And they 
 drank and were merry with him. 
 
 Joseph could not refrain himself any longer; so he cried: 
 "Cause every man to go from me (except his brethren)." 
 "Then he made himself known unto them. He wept aloud, 
 and said unto his brethren: "I am Joseph. Doth my father 
 yet live?" 
 
 And his brethren could not answer him, for they were 
 troubled in his presence. 
 
 Then Joseph said unto them: "Come near me, I pray 
 you; I am Joseph, your brother, whom ye sold into Egypt. 
 Now, therefore, be ye not grieved nor angry with yourselves, 
 that ye sold me hither; for God did send me before you to 
 preserve life. For these two years hath the famine been in 
 the land; and yet there are five years in which there shall be 
 neither earning nor harvest. God sent me before you to 
 preserve you a posterity in the earth, and to save your 
 lives by a great deliverance. So now it was not you that sent 
 me hither, but God; and he hath made me a father to Pharaoh, 
 and the lord of all his house, and a ruler throughout all the 
 land of Egypt. Haste ye! and go up to my father and say 
 unto him, 'Thus saith thy son, Joseph, God hath made me lord 
 of all Egypt; come down unto me, tarry not!' " 
 
 And he fell upon his brother, Benjamin's neck and wept; 
 and Benjamin wept upon his neck. Moreover, he kissed all 
 his brethren, and wept over them. And after that his breth- 
 ren talked with him. 
 
 Pharaoh, when he found it out, said unto Joseph: "Say 
 unto thy brethren: ''Lade your beasts and go and get you 
 unto the land of Canaan; and take your father and your 
 households and come unto me. Ye shall eat the fat of the- 
 land.' " 
 
 And the Children of Israel did so. Joseph gave them 
 wagons and provision for the way. He also gave each man 
 
ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 changes of raiment; but to Benjamin he gave three hundred 
 pieces of silver and five changes of raiment. 
 
 And they went out of Egypt and came into the land of 
 Canaan, unto Jacob, their father, and said to him: "Joseph is 
 yet alive, and he is governor over all the land of Egypt." 
 Jacob's heart fainted, for he believed them not. 
 
 They told him what Joseph had said unto them; and 
 when he saw the wagons which Joseph had sent to carry him, 
 his spirit revived, and he said: "It is enough. Joseph, my 
 son, is yet alive: I will go and see him before I die." 
 
 And Israel took his journey with all that he had. Joseph 
 made ready his chariot and went as far as Goshen to meet 
 him. He presented himself unto his father, then fell on his 
 neck and wept a good while. 
 
 Israel said unto Joseph: "Now let me die! since I have 
 seen thy face." 
 
 And the time drew nigh wh6n Israel must die. He called 
 Joseph unto him and said, "I pray thee bury me not in Egypt. 
 But let me lie with my fathers. Bury me in their burying 
 place." 
 
 And it came to pass after these things that one said to 
 Joseph, "Behold, thy father is sick." So he took his two 
 sons and went to see Jacob who strengthened himself and 
 sat upon the bed. 
 
 Jacob said: "Ephraim and Manasseh who were bom un- 
 to thee before I came into the land of Egypt, are mine. The 
 angel which redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads ; and let 
 my name be named on them, and the same of my fathers, 
 Abraham and Isaac ; and let them grow into a multitude in the 
 midst of the earth." 
 
 Then Israel said unto Joseph: "Behold, I die." He had 
 lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years, and he was now 
 one hundred forty-seven years old. 
 
 Joseph fell upon his father's face and wept over him and 
 kissed him. Then, he had the physicians embalm his father, 
 and the Egyptians mourned for him threescore and ten days. 
 
 After that his sons carried him into the land of Canaan 
 and buried him in a cave in the field of Machpelah, which 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 35 
 
 Abraham had bought from Ephron, the Hittite, for a burying 
 place. 
 
 Then Joseph, and his brethren and all that were with 
 him, returned into Egypt. 
 
 Joseph lived one hundred ten years. Then he died, and 
 they embalmed him and he was put in a coffin in Egypt. 
 
 Section XV. 
 
 "Life of Washington," and "Life of Lincoln," Educator 
 Supply Co., Mitchell, S. D.; price of each 5c. postage 2c. These 
 biographies usually appear also in various forms in nearly 
 every school library. 
 
 Section XVL 
 
 "The Pinks," called for in this section, is taken from 
 "Children's Classics No. 2," by George Alexander; published 
 by the Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, Ind., It is protected by 
 copyright and will have to be secured from the publishers. 
 
 Section XVII. 
 
 The work for this month is outlined in the course of 
 Study. 
 
 Section XVIII. 
 
 FIVE PEAS. 
 
 (A Story in Two Parts.) 
 
 PART L IN AND OUT OF THE POD. 
 
 There were once five peas in one shell; they were green 
 
 and the shell was green, so they believed that the whole world 
 
 was green also, which was a very natural conclusion. The 
 
 shell grew, and the peas grew; they accommodated themselves 
 
 to their position, and sat all in a row. The sun shone without 
 
36 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 and warmed the shell, and the rain made it clear and transpar- 
 ent; It was mild and agreeable in broad daylight, and dark 
 at night; and the peas, as they sat there, grew bigger and 
 bigger and more thoughtful as they mused, for they felt that 
 there must be something for them to do. 
 
 "Are we to sit here forever?" asked one. "Shall we not 
 become hard by sitting so long? It seems to me there must 
 be something outside, and I feel sure of it." 
 
 As weeks passed by, the peas became yellow, and the 
 shell became yellow. 
 
 "All the world is turning yellow, I suppose," said they; 
 and perhaps they were right. 
 
 Suddenly they felt a pull at the shell; it was torn off, and 
 held in human hands, then slipped into the pocket of a jacket 
 in company with other full pods. 
 
 "Now we shall soon be opened," said one — just what they 
 all wanted. 
 
 "I would like to know which one of us will travel 
 farthest," said the smallest of the five; "we shall soon see 
 now." 
 
 "What is to happen will happen," said the largest pea. 
 
 "Crack," went the shell as it burst, and the five peas 
 rolled out into the bright sunshine. There they lay in a 
 child's hand. A little boy was holding them tightly and said 
 they were fine peas for his pea shooter. Immediately he put 
 one in and shot it out. 
 
 PART II. THE AWAKENING OF ONE PEA. 
 
 Up in an attic lived a poor woman, who went out to clean 
 stoves, chop wood into small pieces, and perform other hard 
 work, for she was strong and industrious. Yet she remained 
 always poor; and at home in the attic lay her only daughter, 
 not quite grown up, and very delicate and weak. For a whole 
 year she had kept her bed. Quietly and patiently she lay all 
 day long, while her mother was away from home at her work. 
 
 Spring came, and one morning the sun shone brightly 
 through the little window and threw its rays over the floor of 
 the room. Just as the mother was going to her-work, the sick 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 37 
 
 girl fixed her eyes on the lowest pane of the window. 
 "Mother!" she exclaimed, "what can that little green thing 
 be that peeps in at the window? It is moving in the wind." 
 
 The mother stepped to the window and opened it. "Oh!" 
 she said, "there is actually a little pea which has in some 
 way fallen into a little crack filled with soft earth. It has 
 taken root and is putting forth its green leaves. Where 
 could it have come from? Well, now, here is a little garden 
 for you to amuse yourself with." So the bed of the sick girl 
 was drawn nearer to the window, that she might see the bud- 
 ding plant; and the mother went out to her work. 
 
 "Mother, I believe I shall get well," said the sick child 
 in the evening; "the sun shone in here so bright and warm to- 
 day, and the little green pea is thriving so well. I shall get 
 better too and go out into the warm sunshine again." 
 
 "God grant it!" said the mother, though she did not be- 
 lieve it would be so. But she propped up with a little stick 
 the green plant which had given her child such pleasant 
 hopes of life, so that it might not be broken by the wind; she 
 tied a piece of string to the window-sill and to the upper part 
 of the frame, so that the pea tendrils might twine around it 
 when it shot up. And it did shoot up; indeed it might almost 
 be seen to grow from day to day. 
 
 "Really, here is a flower coming," said the mother one 
 morning; and now at last she began to encourage the hope 
 that her little sick daughter might recover. She re- 
 membered that for some time the child had spoken more 
 cheerfully, and during the last few days had raised herself 
 in the bed in the morning to look with sparkling eyes at her 
 little garden which contained only a single pea-plant. A 
 week after, the invalid sat up a whole hour, feeling quite 
 Tiappy by the open window in the warm sunshine, while out- 
 side grew the little plant, and on it a pink pea-blossom in full 
 bloom. The little maiden bent down and gently kissed the 
 delicate leaves. This day was to her like a festival. 
 
 "Our Heavenly Father Himself has planted that pea, and 
 made it grow and flourish to bring joy to you and hope to me, 
 my blessed child!" said the happy mother; and she smiled at 
 the flower, as if it had been an angel from God. 
 
38 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 And when the young maiden stood at the open window^ 
 with sparkling eyes and the rosy glow of health on her cheeks^ 
 she folded her thin hands over the pea-blossom and thanked 
 God for what He had done. — Hans Christian Andersen. 
 
 THIRD GRADE. 
 Section XIX. 
 
 "The Sailor Man." 
 
 "The Boy on the Farm," by Clifton Johnson. His books 
 are published by The Macmillan Company, and by the T. Y. 
 Crowell Co. — both of New York. 
 
 THE SAILOR MAN . 
 
 Once upon a time two children came to the house of a 
 sailor man, who lived beside the salt sea; and they found the 
 sailor man sitting in his doorway knotting ropes. 
 
 "How do you do?" asked the sailor man. 
 
 "We are very well, thank you," said the children, who 
 had learned manners, "and we hope you are the same. We 
 heard that you had a boat, and we thought that perhaps you 
 would take us out in her, and teach us how to sail, for that is 
 what we wish most to know." 
 
 "All in good time," said the sailor man. "I am busy now 
 but by and by, when my work is done, I may perhaps take one 
 of you if you are ready to learn. Meantime, here are 
 some ropes that need, knotting ; you might be doing that, since 
 it has to be done." And he showed them how the knots 
 should be tied, and went away and left them . 
 
 When he was gone the first child ran to the widow and 
 looked out. 
 
 "There is the sea," he said. "The waves come up on the 
 beach, almost to the door of the house. They run up all 
 white, like prancing horses, and then they go dragging back. 
 Come and look!" 
 
 "I cannot," said the second child. "I am tying a knot.'^ 
 
 "Oh!" cried the first child, "I see the boat. She is 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 39 
 
 dancing like a lady at a ball; I never saw such a beauty. Come 
 and look!" 
 
 "I cannot," said the second child. "I am tying a knot." 
 
 "I shall have a delightful sail in that boat," said the 
 first child. "I expect that the sailor man will take me, be- 
 cause I am the eldest and I know more about it. There was 
 no need of my watching when he showed you the knots, 
 because I know how already." 
 
 Just then the sailor man came in. 
 
 "Well," he said, "my work is over. What have you been 
 doing in the meantime?" 
 
 "I have been looking at the boat," said the first child. 
 "What a beauty she is! I shall have the best time in her 
 that I ever had in my life." 
 
 "I have been tying knots," said the second child. 
 
 "Come, then," said the sailor man, and he held out his 
 hands to the second child. "I will take you out in the boat, 
 and teach you to sail her." 
 
 "But I am the eldest," c*ned the first child "and I know a 
 great deal more than she does. 
 
 "That may be," said the sailor man; "but a person must 
 learn to tie a knot before he can learn to sail a boat." 
 
 "But I have learned to tie a knot," cried the first child. 
 ^'I know all about it!" 
 
 "How can I tell that?" said the sailoi* man. 
 
 Section XX. 
 
 "The Princess and the Ball," and "Gold in the Orchard," 
 are both found in "Stories to Tell Children," by Sara C. Bry- 
 ant; publishers, Houghton, Mifflin Co., Chicago. They are 
 protected by copyright, and the publishers refuse to give per- 
 mission for their reproduction. 
 
 Sction XXI. 
 
 ■"The Quails." See Ethics, page 71. 
 
40 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 Section XXII. 
 
 STORY OF ADAM AND EVE. 
 
 After God had formed the heavens and the earth, there 
 was no man to till the soil, and to cultivate the trees and 
 herbs; so He created a man out of the dust of the earth, and 
 named him Adam. Then He found that the man was lone- 
 some, so He caused a deep sleep to fall upon him; removed 
 one of his ribs, and from it created for him a helpmeet whom 
 Adam named Eve (The mother of all living.) 
 
 These two were the first people upon the earth. God 
 placed them in the Garden in Eden, with plenty to eat and 
 drink. He told them that they might eat fruit from any of 
 the trees they desired, except from the Tree of Knowledge. 
 This one He pointed out to them, with instructions to leave 
 it alone. 
 
 While God was away. Eve, tempted by a serpent, par- 
 took of the fruit of the forbidden tree. Then she gave Adam 
 some of it to eat. Presently the Lord returned. "And they 
 heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the 
 cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves." 
 
 The Lord called unto Adam and said, "Where art thou?" 
 
 Adam came forth and said : "I heard thy voice in the gar- 
 den, and I was afraid." 
 
 God then asked him, "Hast thou eaten of the tree whereof 
 I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat?" 
 
 Adam answered: "The woman whom thou gavest to be 
 with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat." 
 
 God said to Eve, "What is this that thou hast done?" 
 
 She replied, "The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat." 
 
 God then declared: "I will greatly multiply thy sorrow 
 * * * Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule 
 over thee." 
 
 To Adam, He said: "Because thou hast barkened unto the 
 voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree of which I com- 
 manded thee, saying. Thou shalt not eat of it; cursed is the 
 ground for thy sake: in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days 
 of thy life. Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to 
 thee, and thou shalt eat the herb of the fields In the sweat 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 41 
 
 of thy face shalt thou eat bread till thou return unto the 
 ground, for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art and 
 unto dust shalt thou return." 
 
 Then God drove them both out of the Garden of Eden and 
 placed at the gate "Cherubims, and a flaming sword which 
 turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life." 
 
 Thus Adam and Eve were punished all their lives for 
 their disobedience. 
 
 Section XXIII. 
 
 For this month's work, see James Baldwin's books, as 
 ■suggested by the Course of Study. They aie published by the 
 American Book Company. Most school libraries have a gen- 
 erous supply of them. 
 
 Section XXIV. 
 
 "Up From Slavery," by Booker T. Washington. See 
 Ethics for Children, page 78. 
 
 Section XXV. 
 BIOGRAPHY OF GEORGE STEPHENSON. 
 
 George Stephenson, an English engineer and inventor, 
 commonly known as the "founder of railways," was born at 
 Wylam, near Newcastle, Eng., in 1781. His early boyhood 
 was spent on a farm. His father was fireman in a colliery. 
 George finally became assistant to his father. This gave 
 him a chance to get a practical education. Then he began to 
 repair clocks. Finally he became an engineer. Later, he in- 
 vented a miner's safety lamp. 
 
 His attention was finally attracted to the experiments 
 with locomotives being made by Blackett and Hedley. He 
 induced the owners of the Killingworth Collieries to under- 
 take the construction of a locomotive. He made the designs 
 
42 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 for it and supervised its construction. It was not a success 
 It was found that the engines being made by Blackett and 
 Hedley were superior to his. Stephenson then tried again, 
 with better success. Finally the Liverpool and Manchester 
 Railway Company in 1829 offered a prize for the best engine 
 in a competitive test. Stephenson built a special design for this 
 occasion, and he won first prize on it. He called it the "Rock- 
 et". This same railway company then ordered of the Steph- 
 ensons (George and his son Robert) several more engines 
 made after the fashion of the Rocket. 
 
 Stephenson finally became chief consulting engineer for 
 all of the railways in the country. He was made president, 
 of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. His successful 
 development of the locomotive gives him rank as one of the 
 foremost engineers of the nineteenth century. He had devo- 
 ted his life to the successful completion of a single enterprise 
 This is a foundation of success for every boy. He must some- 
 how find out what he is best adapted for, and then stick to it. 
 until victory comes. 
 
 Section XXVL 
 
 "Climbing Alone." See Ethics for Children, page 81. 
 
 Section XXVII. 
 
 The source of the information for this month may be 
 found in the Course of Study. 
 
 FOURTH GRADE. 
 
 Section XXVIII. 
 
 "David and Jonathan." 
 
 "The Choice of Hercules." See Ethics for Children, page 
 92. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 43 
 
 STORY OF DAVID AND JONATHAN. 
 
 (Paraphrased and adapted by 0. W. Coursey.) 
 
 The friendship of David and Jonathan which for centuries 
 has been world-renowned, can best be understood by going 
 briefly over the circumstances which led up to its formation. 
 
 The Philistines and the Israelites were preparing for a 
 decisive battle. The two armies were encamped on upland 
 divides separated by a beautiful valley between, called Elah. 
 The Philistines were headed by a giant named Goliath; the 
 Israelites were commanded by King Saul. 
 
 There was in Judea at that time a prominent man named 
 Jesse. He had four sons. The three eldest, named Eliab, 
 Abinadab and Shammah, had joined King Saul's army. Their 
 father sent the youngest boy, named David, to take food to 
 his brothers who were at the front. When he arrived, he, too, 
 joined the military forces of Saul. 
 
 While David stood with the battle line telling his brothers 
 what his father had told him to tell them, the leader of the 
 Philistines (the giant named Goliath) came out in front of 
 his command and challenged any of the Isrealites to fight. 
 They all became scared and ran away. 
 
 Then David spoke up and said: "What shall be done to 
 the man that killeth this Philistine?" 
 
 David's eldest brother, Eliab, became enangered at him 
 for having come up into the heat of the conflict, and he rep- 
 rimanded him as follows: "Why camest thou down thither? 
 and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilder- 
 ness? I know thy pride and the naughtiness of thine heart; 
 for thou art come down that thou mightest see the battle." 
 
 And David replied: "What have I now done? Is there 
 not a cause?" 
 
 Then King Saul sent for David. He came up, and during 
 their conversation he said to Saul: "Let no man's heart fail 
 because of him; I will go and fight with this Philistine." 
 
 Saul said to him: "Thou art not able to go against this 
 Philistine to fight with him; for thou art but a youth, and 
 he is a man of war from his youth. 
 
 David answered: "Thy servant kept his father's sheap 
 
44 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 and there came a lion and a bear and took a lamb out of the 
 flock; and I went out after him and smote him, and delivered 
 it out of liis mouth; and when he arose against me, I caught 
 him by his beard and smote him and slew him. They servant 
 slew both the lion and the bear, * * * "phe Lord deliv- 
 ered me out of the paw of the lion and out of the paw of the 
 bear; he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine." 
 
 Saul said to him: "Go! and the Lord be with thee!" 
 
 David took his staff in his hand; also his sling-shot. Then 
 he selected five smooth stones out of a brook near by. And 
 the Philistine came out and drew near to David. 
 
 When he saw David, he disdained him, for he was but a 
 youth. He said unto David: "Am I a dog that thou comest to 
 me with staves ? Come to me and I will give thy flesh to the 
 fowls of the air and unto the beasts of the field." 
 
 David said to him: "Thou comest to me with a sword, 
 and a spear, and with a shield; but I come to thee in the name 
 of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel. This 
 day I will smite thee and take thine head from thee." 
 
 Then they began to come close together for the fight, 
 while the two armies looked on. The Philistine walked slowly, 
 keeping his eye on the boy. David started to run toward him. 
 He slipped one of the five stones into his sling-shot, gave it 
 a mighty whirl and drove the stone forward with terrific force. 
 It struck Goliath in the center of his forehead and crushed 
 a hole in his skull. He fell prostrate on the ground. David 
 rushed upon him, seized Goliath^s sword, cut the latter's 
 head off and carried it back with him into the Israelite's lines. 
 When the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, they 
 fled. 
 
 When Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he 
 said to Abner, one of his captains, "Inquire thou whose son 
 the stripling is." 
 
 And as David returned from the slaughter of the Philis- 
 tine, Abner took him and brought him before Saul, with the 
 Philistine's head in his hand. 
 
 Saul asked him: "Whose son art thou?" 
 David answered, "I am the son of Jesse, the Bethlehemite." 
 
 Saul had a son of his own named Jonathan. He saw 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 45 
 
 David slay Goliath. It was this act of heroism on David's 
 part that commanded the respect of Jonathan and formed the 
 basis of the friendship between them; for, the Bible states: 
 "When he (David) had made an end of speaking unto Saul, 
 the soul of Jonathan became knit with the soul of David, and 
 Jonathan loved him as his own soul." 
 
 After the battle Saul and David passed together through 
 some of the cities. As they rode along, the women came out 
 and sang and danced. In one of their songs they sang: 
 "Saul has slain his thousands. 
 And David his tens of thousands." 
 
 This made King Saul angry and he grew jealous of 
 David, so he sought to slay him. The next day, while David 
 was playing on the harp for Saul, the latter thrust a javelin 
 at him twice in an effort to kill him, but each time David 
 stepped aside quickly and dodged it. 
 
 Then Saul told David if he would go out again and fight 
 the Philistines and kill one hundred of them that he would 
 give him his daughter, Michal, for a wife. David went 
 promptly and engaged them in battle. He slew hundreds of 
 them. When he returned from the fight, Saul kept his word 
 and gave him his daughter, Michal, to wed, and she at once 
 became David's devoted wife. 
 
 Saul saw that the Lord was with David, so he com- 
 manded Jonathan and all of his servants to slay him. But 
 Jonathan loved David, so he told him everything that his 
 father had said, and advised him to go into some secret place 
 and hide himself. 
 
 Then Jonathan went to his father, Saul, and asked him 
 not to harm David. He told Saul to consider what David 
 had done for him. He had slain Goliath, and then in a sub- 
 sequent battle he had been very brave and had slain a large 
 number of Philistines and won a great victory. Finally, Saul 
 repented and promised not to kill David, whereupon Jonathan 
 so advised David and he at once came forth from his place 
 of hiding. 
 
 Again the Israelites and the Philistines became engaged 
 in war, and once more David led the Israelites against them 
 and won another splendid victory. This made the Israelites 
 
46 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 love him all the more. So Saul became more jealous of him 
 than ever, and again while David was playing the harp before 
 him (for he was a fine harpist) Saul thrust his javelin at him 
 in an effort to pin him to the wall; but David was on the 
 watch for him, and he stepped nimbly to one side and the 
 dagger passed him. That night, when it became dark, David 
 fled. 
 
 Saul sent messengers to David's house to watch him that 
 he might not escape, and to kill him at the first opportunity. 
 David's wife found it all out; so she said to her husband: "If 
 thou save not thy life tonight, tomorrow thou shalt be slain." 
 ''Therefore, she let him down through a window which Saul's 
 men could not see, and he made his escape. 
 
 Meanwhile, Saul fearing that David might escape, had 
 ordered his messengers ' to go inside and to seize David and 
 slay him. Michal, David's wife, had anticipated this move; 
 therefore, after she let David down out of the window, she 
 made an image and put it in the bed where he had lain. The 
 soldiers fourd this image, and they reported it to Saul, and he 
 became very angry at his daughter. 
 
 David fled to Ramah where Samuel lived. Saul's men 
 followed him. Then he went to Naioth. Here they followed 
 him again. From there he went to a secret place where 
 he met Jonathan, his firm friend, and said to him: "What 
 have I done? What is my sin that Saul seeketh to kill me?" 
 Jonathan replied that he did not know that his father was 
 seeking to kill David. He promised David he would protect 
 him against his father's wrath. 
 
 The next day Saul had arranged for a big feast. Jona- 
 than and David arranged that David should not attempt to 
 be present; and if Saul asked where he was Jonathan would 
 say that he had permitted David to go to Bethlehem to see 
 his parents who lived in the little village where Christ was 
 afterward born. Jonathan said if his father showed signs 
 of anger at this, he, himself, would then know that Saul was 
 seeking to kill David. 
 
 David was somewhat skeptical about the arrangement, 
 and he asked who would tell him what the disposition of Saul 
 was toward him. Jonathan suggested a plan which was 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 47 
 
 adopted. He said: "Tomorrow is the new moon, and thou 
 shalt be missed, for thy place will be empty. And when thou 
 hast staid three days (in the field they had selected), then 
 thou shalt go down quickly * * =1= and remain by the stone, 
 Ezel. I will shoot three arrows on the side thereof, as though 
 I had shot at a mark. And, behold, I will send a lad, saying, 
 *Go, find the arrows.' If I expressly say to the lad, 'Behold, 
 the arrows are on this side of thee, take them,' then come 
 thou: for there is peace to thee, and the Lord liveth. But if 
 I say, 'Behold, the arrows are beyond thee,' go thy way, for 
 the Lord hath sent thee away," 
 
 The first day of the feast, Saul said nothing about David's 
 empty chair; but the second day, he asked Jonathan about it. 
 Jonathan told him that David had gone to see his father. 
 Saul became angered and rebuked Jonathan for loving David. 
 He chided him that he, Jonathan, would never become king 
 unless David were killed. 
 
 Jonathan asked: "Why shall he be put to death? What 
 harm hath he done?" 
 
 Then Saul cast his javelin at his son Jonathan and tried 
 to kill him; but Jonathan escaped the blow. This made him 
 very angry, so he left the table and refused to eat. 
 
 The next day was the one on which David was to appear 
 at the rock, Ezel, to watch for the arrows and to listen to 
 the conversation between Jonathan and the boy that he was 
 to bring with him to gather up the arrows. Jonathan ap- 
 peared at the time he had stated. He sent the lad on ahead 
 of him to find the arrows that he would shoot. 
 
 Then, he shot an arrow. It passed over the lad. He 
 called to the boy:" "The arrow is beyond thee; make haste; 
 stay not." 
 
 David heard the words; he understood their awful mean- 
 ing. 
 
 Jonathan told the lad to take the arrows and go back to 
 the city. As soon as the boy had gone, Jonathan made his 
 way forward to the rock where he beheld David. They em- 
 braced each other and kissed each other and wept. 
 
 Then said Jonathan to David: "Go in peace; forasmuch as 
 we have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord, saying, 
 
48 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 *The Lord be between me an thee, and between my seed and 
 thy seed forever/ "Then they parted forever — Jonathan to 
 fall with his father on the field of battle, and David to become 
 king of Judea. Later, King David lamented the loss of his 
 friend Jonathan as follows: 
 
 "I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan, 
 
 Very pleasant hast thou been unto me: 
 
 Thy love to me was wonderful. 
 
 Passing the love of woman." 
 
 Section XXIX. 
 A LEAK IN THE DYKE. 
 
 A leak in the dike! The stoutest heart 
 
 Grows faint that cry to hear, 
 And the bravest man in all the land 
 
 Turns white with mortal fear. 
 For he knows the smallest leak may grow 
 
 To a flood in a single night; 
 And he knows the strength of the cruel sea 
 
 When loosed in its angry might. 
 
 And the boy! He has seen the danger, 
 
 And shouting a wild alarm, 
 He forces back the weight of the sea 
 
 With the strength of his single arm! 
 He listened for the joyful sound 
 
 Of a footstep passing nigh; 
 And lays his ear to the ground, to catch 
 
 The answer to his cry. 
 And he hears the rough winds blowing. 
 
 And the waters rise and fall, 
 
 But never an answer comes to him, 
 
 Save the echo of his call. 
 He sees no hope, no succor, 
 
 His feeble voice is lost: 
 Yet what shall he do but watch and wait. 
 
 Though he perish at his post. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 49 
 
 So, faintly calling and crying 
 
 Till the sun is under the sea; 
 Crying and moaning till the stars 
 
 Come out for company; 
 He thinks of his brother and sister, 
 
 Asleep in their safe warm bed; 
 He thinks of his father and mother, 
 
 Of himself, as dying and dead; 
 And of how, when the night is over, 
 
 They must come and find him at last; 
 But he never thinks he can leave the place, 
 
 Where duty holds him fast. 
 
 The good dame in the cottage 
 
 Is up and astir with the light, 
 For the thought of her little Peter 
 
 Has been with her all the night. 
 And now she watches the pathway, 
 
 As yester eve she had done; 
 But what does she see so strange and black 
 
 Against the rising sun? 
 Her neighbors are bearing between them 
 
 Something to her door; 
 Her child is coming home, but not 
 
 As he ever came before! 
 
 "He is dead!" she cries; "my darling!" 
 
 And the startled father hears. 
 And comes and looks the way she looks, 
 
 And fears the thing she fears; 
 Till a glad shout from the bearers 
 
 Thrills the sickened man and wife — 
 "Give thanks, for your son has saved our land, 
 
 And God has saved his life!" 
 And every head was bared and bent 
 
 In tearful reverent joy. 
 
 'Tis many a year since; but still, 
 When the sea roars like a flood. 
 
50 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 Their boys are taught what a boy can do 
 Who is brave and true and good. 
 
 For every man in that country 
 Takes his son by the hand, 
 
 And tells him of little Peter, 
 Whose courage saved the land. 
 
 They have many a valiant hero. 
 
 Remembered through the years; 
 But never one whose name so oft 
 
 Is named with loving tears 
 And his deed shall be sung by the cradle, 
 
 And told to the child on the knee, 
 So long as the dikes of Holland 
 
 Divide the land from the sea! 
 
 Section XXX. 
 
 Follow the work outlined in Ethics for Children, as sug- 
 gested in the Course of Study. 
 
 Section XXXI. 
 
 "St. Christopher." See Ethics for Children, page 100. 
 
 Section XXXIL 
 
 THE THREE BELLS. 
 
 Beneath the low-hung night cloud 
 That raked her splintered mast 
 
 The good ship settled slowly. 
 The cruel leak gained fast. 
 
 Over the awful ocean 
 
 Her signal guns pealed out. 
 
 Dear God! was that Thy answer 
 From the horror round about? 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 51 
 
 A voice came down the wild wind, 
 
 *'Ho! ship ahoy!" its cry: 
 "Our stout Three Bells of Glasgow 
 
 Shall lay till daylight by!" 
 
 Hour after hour crept slowly, 
 
 Yet on the heaving swells 
 Tossed up and down the ship lights, 
 
 The lights of the Three Bells! 
 
 And ship to ship made signals, 
 Man answered back to man, 
 
 While oft, to cheer and hearten. 
 The Three Bells nearer ran; 
 
 And the captain from her taffrail 
 
 Sent down his hopeful cry: 
 "Take heart! Hold on!" he shouted! 
 
 "The Three Bells shall lay by!" 
 
 All night across the waters 
 
 The tossing lights shone clear; 
 
 All night from reeling taffrail 
 The Three Bells sent her cheer. 
 
 And when the dreary watches 
 Of storm and darkness passed. 
 
 Just as the wreck lurched under, 
 All souls were saved at last. 
 
 Sail on, Three Bells, forever, 
 
 In grateful memory sail! 
 Ring on. Three Bells of rescue. 
 
 Above the wave and gale! 
 
 Type of the Love eternal. 
 
 Repeat the Master's cry. 
 As tossing through our darkness 
 
 The lights of God draw nigh! 
 
52 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 Section XXIII. 
 
 "The Junior Republic," referred to in this section, is a. 
 large volume published by D. Appleton & Co., New York City;, 
 price $1.50. 
 
 Section XXXIV. 
 
 Read the story of the Good Samaritan as found in the 
 Bible, and then repeat it orally to the children, using such ad- 
 ditional illustrations of compassion as you may be able to col- 
 lect. 
 
 Section XXXV. 
 STORY OF WILLIAM TELL. 
 
 About five hundred years ago, Rudolph, Count of Haps- 
 burg, owned some small possessions in Switzerland. He final- 
 ly became emperor of Germany. When he died, his son, Al- 
 bert I, inherited this estate. Albert was ambitious and 
 wished to annex to the estate some of the forest cantons of 
 Switzerland. The people living in these districts were quite 
 content and did not desire the annexation. At this Albert 
 became enraged, and he sent two petty tyrants — Gessler and 
 Landenberg — to rule over them. 
 
 Gessler was a very vain man. He caused a pole to be 
 erected in the market place at Altorf ; placed a hat upon it, 
 and then gave orders that every one passing It should salute 
 the hat. 
 
 Among the liberty-loving people living in these forest 
 cantons was an ambitious, independent young fellow named 
 William Tell. One day he happened to pass through Altorf, 
 and he saw the hat. The villagers told him what it was there 
 for, whereupon, he grew angry and not only refused to salute 
 the hat, but he treated it with supreme contempt. 
 
 As soon as Gessler found this out he ordered Tell to be 
 brought before him. He then decreed that at the coming 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 53 
 
 festival Tell should shoot an apple off his own son's head, at 
 quite a distance, with an arrow, or suffer immediate death. 
 
 On the day set for the undertaking, Gessler appeared in 
 the market place, surrounded by his guards, and with much 
 splendor and pomp. He promptly ordered Tell to be brought 
 before him. The prisoner came in with a manly tread. He 
 did not fear the outcome, for he was a celebrated shot with 
 the bow and arrow. The throng was breathless with ex- 
 citement when they saw him. He took his post. The boy was 
 stationed a long way from him. The apple was placed upon 
 his head. Tell seized his bow; pulled the string; took de- 
 liberate aim, and the arrow flew. It pierced the apple in 
 the center and its two halves fell to the ground. The specta- 
 tors went wild with joy. 
 
 Tell ran to his boy, caught him up in his arms, kissed the 
 lad; and then turning to the insolent governor, Gessler, he 
 said to him: "I have another arrow. Had my boy fallen, 
 this one was intended for thee." This made Gessler very 
 angry ,and he ordered his soldiers to arrest Tell again, which 
 they did. 
 
 Now the people were angry. Gessler feared they would 
 make an attempt to release Tell, so he ordered him to be 
 taken to Kussnach, a fortress on the opposite side of the lake. 
 The governor embarked in the same boat, to see to it that his 
 instructions were carried out. 
 
 While they were crossing the lake, a terrible storm 
 ensued. The boat rocked and dipped water. It became ap- 
 parent that all were going to be lost. Presently some one 
 on board remembered that Tell was an expert pilot; so they 
 suggested to the governor that Tell be released and placed 
 at the helm where he might save them all. 
 
 This was done. Tell was familiar with the bank of the 
 lake. He had strolled around it many times. So he steered 
 the boat to a place where he could step ashore easily. This 
 he did, and when he grabbed hold of the rock on shore, he gave 
 the boat a kick and it floundered out into the lake again. 
 
 The storm, however, subsided, and those in the boat made 
 their way to safety, landing at the same place where Tell 
 had made his escape. They started to walk up a winding 
 
54 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 road that led away from the lake. Presently, when they 
 least expected it, Tell stepped out of the bushes along the 
 roadside, with his bow in his hand, and shot Gessler dead. 
 Tell was joined by three men named Stauffacher, Melch- 
 thal and Furst. These patriots captured the other tyrant, 
 Landenberg, and burned practically all of the military castles 
 in Switzerland, and thus liberated their fatherland. 
 
 Today, a beautiful chapel stands on the bank of Lake Lu- 
 cerne in Switzerland, in honor of William Tell on the spot 
 where he made his way ashore, while the peasants of Altorf 
 have erected to his memory a beautiful monument which 
 stands in their village on the spot where the pole stood that 
 carried the hat which Tell refused to salute. 
 
 STORY OF ARNOLD VON WINKELRIED. 
 
 Winkelried was a Swiss peasant. Away back in 1389 — 
 one hundred and twelve years before Columbus discovered 
 America — the Austrians, under Duke Leopold, were struggling 
 for possession of Switzerland. Winkelried was in the Swiss 
 army that was opposing them. At the critical moment in 
 the battle, when the Swiss were about to lose the fight, it is 
 recorded that Arnold von Winkelried, the peasant, siezed ten 
 spears of the enemy, pressed them into his breast, and then 
 rushing forward, cried, 
 
 "Make way for Liberty!" 
 
 He made a breach in the Austrians lines, although he sac- 
 rificed himself. His comrades rushed forward and won a sig- 
 ilal victory. James Montgomery has pictured the whole affair 
 for us in verse as follows: 
 
 "Make way for liberty!" he cried; 
 Made way for liberty, and died! 
 
 In arms the Austrian phalanx stood, 
 A living wall, a human wood! 
 A wall where every conscious stone 
 Seemed to its kindred thousands grown; 
 
STATE COU RSE OF STUDY 55 
 
 A rampart all assaults to bear, 
 
 Till time to dust their frame should wear; 
 
 A wood like that enchanted grove 
 
 In which with friends Rinaldo strove, 
 
 Where every silent tree possessed 
 
 A spirit prisoned in its breast. 
 
 Which the first stroke of coming strife 
 
 Would startle into hideous life: 
 
 So dense, so still, the Austrians stood, 
 A living wall, a human wood! 
 Impregnable their front appears, 
 All horrent with projected spears. 
 Whose polished points before them shine. 
 From flank to flank, one brilliant line, 
 Bright as the breakers' splendors run 
 Along the billows, to the sun. 
 
 Opposed to these, a hovering band 
 Contended for their native land: 
 Peasants, whose new-found strength had broke 
 From manly necks the ignoble yoke, 
 And forged their fetters into swords, 
 On equal terms to fight their lords; 
 And what insurgent rage had gained. 
 In many a mortal fray maintained: 
 Marshaled once more at Freedom's call. 
 They came to conquer or to fall. 
 Where he who conquered, he who fell. 
 Was deemed a dead or living Tell! 
 Such virtue had that patriot breathed. 
 So to the soil his soul bequeathed, 
 That wheresoe'er his arrows flew. 
 Heroes in his own likeness grew, 
 And warriors sprang from every sod 
 Which his awakening footstep trod. 
 
 And now the work of life and death 
 Hung on the passing of a breath; 
 
56 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OP' 
 
 The fire of conflict burned within, 
 The battle trembled to begin: 
 Yet while the Austrians held their ground, 
 Point for attack was nowhere found; 
 Where'er the impatient Switzers gazed, 
 The unbroken line of lances blazed. 
 That line 'twere suicide to meet, 
 And perish at their tyrants' feet; — 
 How could they rest within their graves, 
 And leave their homes the homes of slaves? 
 Would they not feel their children tread 
 With clanging chains above their head? 
 
 It must not be: this day, this hour. 
 
 Annihilates the oppressor's power; 
 
 As Switzerland is in the field: 
 
 She will not fly, she cannot yield — 
 
 She must not fall; her better fate 
 
 Here gives her an immortal date. 
 
 Few were the number she could boast; 
 
 Eut every freeman was a host. 
 
 And felt as though himself were he 
 
 On whose sole arm hung victory. 
 
 It did depend on "one," indeed: 
 
 Behold him — Arnold Winkelried! 
 
 There sounds not to the trump of fame 
 
 The echo of a nobler name. 
 
 Unmarked, he stood amid the throng 
 
 In rumination deep and long. 
 
 Till you might see, with sudden grace, 
 
 The very thought come o'er his face; 
 
 And by the motion of his form 
 
 Anticipate the bursting storm; 
 
 And by the uplifting of his bro\y 
 
 Tell where the bolt would strike, and how. 
 
 But 'twas no sooner thought than done; 
 The field was in a moment won; — 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 57 
 
 "Make way for Liberty!" he cried: 
 
 Then ran, with arms extended wide, 
 
 As if his dearest friend to clasp; 
 
 Ten spears he swept within his grasp. 
 
 "Make way for Liberty!" he cried: 
 
 Their keen points met from side to side; 
 
 He bowed amongst them like a tree, 
 
 And thus made way for Liberty. 
 
 Swift to the breach his comrades fly; 
 
 "Make way for Liberty!" they cry, 
 
 And through the Austrian phalanx dart. 
 
 As rushed the spears through Arnold's heart: 
 
 While, instantaneous as his fall, 
 
 Rout, ruin, panic, scattered all; — 
 
 An earthquake cannot overthrow 
 
 A city with a surer blow. 
 
 Thus Switzerland again was free; 
 Thus death made way for Liberty! 
 
 THE LION OF LUCERNE. 
 
 The Lion of Lucerne called for in this section is a memorial 
 at Lucerne, Switzerland, in honor of 781 Swiss guards who 
 fell on August 19, 1792, in defense of Louis XIV during the 
 attack on the Tuileries. 
 
 The lion was designed by Thorwaldsen, and it is carved 
 out of chaste marble. Says John L. Stoddard, in his lecture 
 on Switzerland (Volume I, page 152): "Within a monstrous 
 niche, which has been hollowed out of a perpendicular cliflF,^ 
 reclines, as in some mountain cave, the prostrate figure of a 
 lion, thirty feet in length. It is evident that the animal has 
 received a mortal wound. The handle of a spear protrudes 
 from his side. Yet even in the agony of death he guards the 
 French shield and lily, which he has given his life to defend. 
 One paw protects them; his drooping head caresses them, and 
 gives to them a mute farewell. Beneath the figure, chiseled in 
 
58 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 the rock, are the names of the officers murdered by the mob; 
 while above is the brief but eloquent inscription: 
 
 "To the Fidelity and Bravery of the Swiss." 
 
 STORY OF GARIBALDI. 
 
 Garibaldi, the Italian patriot and liberator, was born at 
 Nice, Italy, July 4, 1807. His father was a sailor, and in early 
 life Garibaldi adopted the sea as his calling. In 1834, he 
 took part in the outbreak in Genoa, which proved unsuccess- 
 ful, and he was later condemned to death. In order to save 
 himself he fled to France. From there he went to South 
 America and assisted the Uruguayans in their struggle 
 against the Argentine dictator, Manual Rosas. He distin- 
 guished himself as a remarkable leader, both on land and sea. 
 
 In 1848, when northern Italy rose up against the intrusions 
 of the Austrians, Garibaldi heard about it. He and his com- 
 patriot, Anzani, at once wrote to the Pope as follows : "If then 
 today our arms, which are not strangers to fighting, are ac- 
 ceptable to your Holiness, we need not say how willingly we 
 shall offer them in the service of one who has done so much 
 for our country and our church. We shall count ourselves 
 privileged if we are allowed to show our devotedness by offer- 
 ing our blood." 
 
 To this letter no reply was ever received. Finally Gari- 
 baldi made his way to Italy, any way, and took a chance on 
 being beheaded. He landed at Nice, his native city, and of- 
 fered his services to King Charles Albert. The latter received 
 him coldly. He went to Milan and raised an army of 30,000 
 men. Although the Treaty of Peace, which had been signed, 
 gave Milan back to the Austrians, Garibaldi refused to sub- 
 mit, and he and his followers kept up a guerilla warfare. 
 
 Suddenly, and amid great excitement, Rome, in 1849, sent 
 for Garibaldi to come to her defense. He responded. His 
 command covered itself with glory in two serious defeats for 
 the enemy, but he finally had to capitulate. When the oppos- 
 ing troops were preparing to enter the city, in accordance with 
 the terms of surrender, Garibaldi, his heroic wife and a small 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 59 
 
 band of followers, left the city, as he himself said, "to take to 
 the country and try our fate again rather than submit to the 
 degradation of laying down our arms before the priest-ridden 
 soldiers of Bonaparte." 
 
 The little band wandered hither and thither, but at 
 every turn they were hounded first by the French and then by 
 the Austrians. After a number of hairbreadth escapes, they 
 made their way to Cesenatico and embarked for Venice. At 
 sea they were confronted by the Austrian squadron. They 
 turned and headed their tiny crafts for the shore near Raven- 
 na. A number of their small vessels were captured by the 
 Austrians, but Garibaldi and his wife, together with a few 
 others, made their escape. Garibaldi afterwards wrote: "I 
 leave it to be imagined what was my position at that unhappy 
 moment; my poor wife dying, the enemy pursuing us inshore 
 with the confidence gained by an easy victory, and the pros- 
 pect of landing on a coast where, in all probability, we should 
 find more enemies." 
 
 Still they were pursued. Many of his friends were 
 captured and summarily shot without a trial. Garibaldi's wife 
 finally died in his arms. He laid her body down, and with the 
 enemy close at his heels, again made his escape. For four 
 years he wandered here and there, scarcely daring to show 
 his face. At last, in 1854, he settled down on the little rocky 
 island of Caprera, five miles long and two miles wide, laying 
 off the coast of Sardinia. 
 
 After spending five years in hard labor trying to convert 
 the barren island into a beautiful garden, the great Italian 
 statesman, Cavour, sent for him to meet him at Turin. Gari- 
 baldi, wearing his slouch hat and his loose red blouse, ap- 
 peared one morning at the palace and asked for admission. 
 This, the servant in attendance refused. Garibaldi, without 
 giving his name, demanded entrance. The guard laid the 
 matter before Cavour. He replied: "Let him come in. It 
 is probably some poor devil who has a petition to make to me." 
 This was the first meeting between the two. During the cam- 
 paign which followed. Garibaldi distinguished himself again 
 and again by acts of valor on the field of battle. When 
 
60 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 the struggle was over, he was hailed from one end of Italy 
 to the other as the "national deliverer." 
 
 His next undertaking was the capture of Sicily and the 
 liberation of Southern Italy. It was now 1860. The world 
 looked on aghast. Garibaldi and 1,000 men set sail from 
 Genoa for Sicily. On the eve of his departure, he wrote the 
 king as follows: "I know that I embark on a perilous enter- 
 prise. If we achieve it, I shall be glad to add to your Maj- 
 esty's crown a new and perhaps more glorious Jewell, always 
 on the condition that your Majesty will stand opposed to coun- 
 sellors who would cede this province to the foreigner as has 
 been done with the city of my birth." 
 
 Sicily was conquered in a few days. Then he crossed over 
 to Spartinevto; drove Bomba into Gaeta; and on the 7th of 
 September entered Naples. In a few days he and his band 
 had captured a kingdom. What was to be done? Sicily and 
 Naples were without government. Garibaldi therefore pro- 
 claimed himself "dictator." He demanded of the Italian par- 
 liament that they confirm his dictatorship, until he, himself, 
 could proclaim Victor Emmanuel King of Italy in Rome. 
 
 Cavour himself was astounded at the sudden and marve- 
 lous achievement of his old-time co-conspirator. So he gath- 
 ered together an army and started south to overthrow him. 
 They met on the northern bank of the Volturno, on October 
 first. Garibaldi won a sweeping victory. This left him face to 
 face with Victor Emmanuel, his own selection for king; and 
 on November 7, the two of them rode into Naples, side by side. 
 
 Garibaldi refused all honors and decorations, but returned 
 to his island-home on Caprera, where he spent a quiet winter. 
 
 The next April he attended a session of the new parlia- 
 ment at Turin. In a speech before that body he made a vigor- 
 ous attack on Cavour. The latter answered him in a quiet 
 vein as follows: "I know that between me and the honourable 
 General Garibaldi there exists a fact which divides us two 
 like an abyss." After reviewing their experiences in a calm, 
 dispassionate manner, he closed by saying: "If he cannot for- 
 give me this act, I will not bear him any grudge." King 
 Emmanuel afterwards brought the two into a reconciliation, 
 and three months later, Cavour died. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 61 
 
 Garibaldi then decided to make an attack upon Rome. He 
 gathered together a few volunteers and started on his peri- 
 lous undertaking. At Aspromonte he was met by the King's 
 forces; his following was scattered; he was wounded and 
 taken as a prisoner of war to Varignano. Here he was fair- 
 ly worshipped by Italian and English women who sought to do 
 some act of kindness for the great patriot. 
 
 When the Proclamation of Amnesty was finally declared, 
 and Garibaldi had gotten well, he made a trip to England. 
 Here he was received with the wildest enthusiasm by royalty 
 and private citizens alike. His stay was short, and he soon 
 returned to his native country. 
 
 In 1867, trouble arose again, and Garibaldi declared he 
 would never cease until he had planted the banner of republi- 
 canism on the Vatican at Rome. The governor arrested him, 
 hut soon released him on condition that he would go to his 
 island-home and remain there. He returned to Caprera. 
 Meanwhile, his son, Menotti Garibaldi, was leading a force 
 into the Papal states. Garibaldi smarted to be with them. 
 And so, on October 14th, he effected his escape and finally 
 joined his son's forces in the field. They advanced on Rome 
 and won a signal victory at Monte Rotundo. However, Na- 
 poleon III had dispatched an army into Italy. These troops 
 and Garibaldi's met at the village of Mentana, where the 
 Garibaldians suffered a merciless defeat. 
 
 Once more the senior Garibaldi was arrested. Once 
 more he was liberated, on promise that he would return to his 
 Caprera haunts and remain there. Says his biographer, "A 
 prisoner so big as Garibaldi is always an embarassment to 
 goalers." 
 
 He stole away from the Island in 1870 and joined the 
 French troops. The next year he was made a Deputy to the 
 French National Assembly which met at Bordeaux. His 
 conduct during the war was bitterly criticised in the Assem- 
 bly. This made him angry, so he resigned and went back to 
 his old home on Caprera. 
 
 However, in 1874, he became a member of the Italian Par- 
 liament. This body granted him a pension of 10,000 lire. He 
 
62 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 shortly afterwards returned to Caprera where he wrote and 
 gardened until his death which occurred June 2, 1882. 
 
 Section XXXVL 
 STORY OF HELEN KELLER. 
 
 One of the most beautiful and inspiring stories in all 
 history is that of Helen Keller. 
 
 She was born June 27, 1880, at Tuscumbia, a little town in 
 northern Alabama. At that time she was a precocious child, 
 in full possession of all her faculties; and she seemed very 
 talented. At six months of age she could say "How'd you do," 
 and ask for things to eat, while at twelve months she was 
 walking. 
 
 Helen was a very promising girl. But at nineteen months 
 of age she was suddenly smitten by a strange fever which 
 left her deaf, dumb and blind. The International Encyclopae- 
 dia (Vol. XI, page 432) says, "She was attacked by scarlet 
 fever;" but Miss Keller, herself, in her auto-biography (page 
 7) says, "They called it acute congestion of the stomach and 
 brain." It is evident that the physicians did not know exactly 
 what the malady was. It caught her suddenly, and Miss Kel- 
 ler says, "Early one morning the fever left me as suddenly 
 and mysteriously as it came." 
 
 Her sickness left her worse off than a new-born baby, for 
 she had lost hearing, sight and speech. No effort was made 
 to attempt to educate her until she was eight years of age. 
 Then, she was placed under the instruction of Miss Anna Sul- 
 livan. Their lives became "one and inseparable." Miss Sul- 
 livan taught her to read and write and to use the finger 
 alphabet. Then Helen desired to learn to speak. A special- 
 ist, Miss Sarah Fuller, was secured for this purpose. In a 
 month's time she had Helen talking quite intelligibly. 
 
 The girl's progress astonished the world. After study- 
 ing for some years at the Wright-Humason school and at the 
 Cambridge school, she entered Radcliffe college where she se- 
 cured a finished education. Her literary style 4s cultured. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 63 
 
 Although she is still deaf and blind, she has learned to speak, 
 and so she gets a great deal of comfort out of life. "Gradual- 
 ly," says Helen, "I got used to the silence and the darkness 
 that surrounded me and forgot that it had ever been different, 
 until she came — mjj teacher — who was to set my spirit free. 
 But during the first nineteen months of my life, I had caught 
 glimpses of broad, green fields, a luminous sky, trees and 
 flowers which the darkness that followed could not blot out." 
 
 FIFTH GRADE. 
 Section XXXVII. 
 
 Look up and either read or repeat to the children the 
 Tales of the Crusaders, as suggested in the Course of Study. 
 
 For Knights of Romance secure "Knights of King Ar- 
 thur," published by Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. 
 
 Section XXXVIII. 
 
 See page 122, Ethics for Children. 
 
 Section XXXIX. 
 
 Secure if possible the book entitled "The Junior Repub- 
 lic." It is filled with patriotic stories . 
 
 STORY OF PASTEUR. 
 
 One of the most celebrated men in the world — especially 
 in the field of science — is Louis Pasteur, the famous French 
 chemist. 
 
 His experiments with bacteria were simply marvelous in 
 their results. By artificially cultivated bacteria, he succeeded 
 in producing a weaker crop of germs; and then by vaccina- 
 
64 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 ting either people or animals with these weaker germs he pro- 
 duced in them a certain disease in mild form and rendered: 
 them immune against the disease in its aggravated form. On 
 this basis he reduced smallpox to varioloid and took away all 
 fear of the dreaded disease. 
 
 His greatest achievement was his bacteria cure develop- 
 ed for hydrophobia — madness produced by a dog bite. 
 
 Pasteur died in 1895. The world mourned his loss, be- 
 cause it had profited by his life. 
 
 Section XL. 
 
 "The Story of Daniel." 
 
 "What Men Live By," by Tolstoi. T. Y. Crowell Co., New 
 York; price 30c. 
 
 THE STORY OF DANIEL. 
 
 The land which had been the Babylonian or Chaldean 
 empire now became the empire of Persia; and over these 
 Darius was the king. King Darius gave to Daniel, who 
 was now a very old man, a high place in honor and power. 
 Among all the rulers over the land Daniel stood first, for the 
 king saw that he was wise, and able to rule. This made the 
 other princes and rulers very jealous, and they tried to find 
 something evil in Daniel, so that they could speak to the king 
 against him. 
 
 These men knew that three times every day Daniel went 
 to his room, and opened the window that was toward the city 
 of Jerusalem, and looking toward Jerusalem made his prayer 
 to God. Jerusalem was at that time in ruins, and the Temple 
 was no longer standing; but Daniel prayed three times each 
 day with his face toward the place where the house of God 
 had once stood, although it was many hundred of miles away. 
 
 These nobles thought that in Daniel's prayers they could 
 find a chance to do him harm, and perhaps cause him to be 
 put to death. They came to King Darius, and said to him: 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 65 
 
 "All the rulers have agreed together to have a law made 
 that for thirty days no one shall ask anything of God or any 
 man, except from you,0 king! and that if any one shall pray to 
 any god, or shall ask anything from any man durmg thirty 
 days, except from you, O king, he shall be thrown into the den 
 where the lions are kept. Now, O king, make the law, and 
 sign the writing, so that it cannot be changed, for no law 
 among the Medes and Persians can be altered." 
 
 The king was not a wise man, and being foohsh and vam, 
 he was pleased with this law which would set him even 
 above the gods. So, without asking Daniel's advice, he signed 
 the writing; and the law was made, and the word was sent 
 out through the kingdom that for thirty days no one should 
 pray to any god, or ask a favor of any man. 
 
 Daniel knew that the law had been made, but every day 
 he went to his room three times, and opened the wmdow that 
 looked toward Jerusalem, and offered his prayer to the Lord, 
 just as he had prayed in other times. These rulers were 
 watching near by, and they saw Daniel kneeling m prayer to 
 God Then they came to the king, and said, "O Kmg Darius, 
 have you not made the law that if any one in thirty days offers 
 a prayer, he shall be thrown into the den of lions? It is 
 true," said the king. "The law has been made, and it must 
 
 ^^^"^They said to the king, "There is one man who does not 
 obey the law which you have made. It is that Daniel, one 
 of the captive Jews. Every day Daniel prays to his God 
 three times, just as he did before you signed the writing of 
 
 ^^^ ^Then the king was very sorry for what he had done, for 
 he loved Daniel, and knew that no one could take his place m 
 the kingdom. All day, until the sun went down he tried m 
 vain toLd some way to save Daniel's life; but when evening 
 came these men again told him of the law that he had made 
 and said to him that it must be kept. Very unwilhngly tiie 
 king sent for Daniel, and said to Daniel, "P-r^^P^y^^;-. ^;/,; 
 whom you serve so faithfully, will save you from the lions. 
 
 They led Daniel to the mouth of the pit where the lions 
 were kept, and they threw him in; and over the mouth they 
 
m ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 placed a stone; and the king sealed it with his own seal and 
 with the seals of his nobles, so that no one might take away 
 the stone and let Daniel out of the den. 
 
 Then the king went again to his palace, but that night he 
 was so sad that he could not eat, nor did he listen to music as 
 he was used to listen. He could not sleep, for all through the 
 night he was thinking of Daniel. Very early in the morning 
 he rose up from his bed, and went in haste to the den of lions. 
 He broke the seal, and took away the stone, and in a voice full 
 of sorrow he called out, scarcely hoping to hear any answer 
 except the roaring of the lions, "O Daniel, servant of the* 
 living God, has your God been able to keep you safe from the 
 lions?" 
 
 And out of the darkness in the den came the voice of 
 Daniel, saying, "O king, may you live forever! My God has 
 sent his angel, and has shut the mouths of the lions. They 
 have not hurt me, because my God saw that I had done no 
 wrong. And I have done no wrong toward you, O king!" 
 
 Then Darius was glad. He gave to his servants orders to 
 take Daniel out of the den. Daniel was brought out safe and 
 without harm, because he had trusted fully in the Lord God. 
 Then, by the king's command, they seized those men who had 
 spoken against Daniel, and with them their wives and their 
 children, for the king was exceedingly angry with them. They 
 were all thrown into the den, and the hungry lions leaped upon 
 them, and tore them in pieces as soon as they fell upon the 
 floor of the den. 
 
 It was very cruel and unjust to put to death with these 
 men their wives and children, who had done no wrong, either 
 to King Darius or to Daniel. But cruel and unjust as it was, 
 such things were very common in all the lands of that part of 
 the world. The lives of people were but little cared for, and 
 children often suffered death for their parent's crime. 
 
 After this King Darius wrote to all the lands and the peo- 
 ples in the many kingdoms under his rule, "May peace be 
 given to you all abundantly! I make a law that everywhere 
 among my kingdoms men fear and worship the Lord God of 
 Daniel, for he is the living God, above all other gods, who only 
 can save men." 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 67 
 
 Daniel lived for a number of years after being saved from 
 the lions. He had several wonderful dreams and visions, 
 which showed him what would come to pass many years after- 
 wards, and even to the coming of Jesus Christ. 
 
 . Section XLI. 
 
 See Ethics for Children, pages 127 to 130 inclusive. 
 
 LIFE OF COLONEL WARING. 
 
 During the Civil war a young cavalry officer, named 
 George Waring, distinguished himself in action. After the 
 war was over, he turned his attention to sanitation, particu- 
 larly with a view to blotting out yellow fever. He constructed 
 the drainage system of Memphis, Tenn., and he supervised the 
 cleaning up of New Orleans. Various other southern cities 
 employed him. The health results produced by his methods 
 of sanitation were remarkable. 
 
 Then the city of San Diego, Cuba, employed him to come 
 over to that Island and help to rid it of the same dreaded 
 scourge — yellow fever. He constructed its trunk sewer sys- 
 tem. When our army whipped the Spaniards, during the 
 Spanish-American war, at Santiago, Cuba, and took posses- 
 sion of that city. President McKinley promptly dispatched a 
 commission to that place to select suitable places for military 
 camps, etc., hoping by this precaution to prevent yellow fever 
 from breaking out among the American forces. For chair- 
 man of this important commission, he selected Col. George 
 Waring. He did the work faithfully and well. 
 
 Shortly thereafter the city of Havana, Cuba, surrendered 
 to the American troops. It was a regular pest hole for yellow 
 fever — the worst in the world. Colonel Waring was then as- 
 signed to cleaning it up. He did this most thoroughly, with 
 the result that for the past ten years no one has heard of a 
 single case of yellow fever; indeed, his foresightedness made 
 possible the digging of the Panama canal. 
 
68 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 But, alas ! while cleaning up Havana, Colonel Waring con- 
 tracted the awful malady which he was trying to keep from 
 the other men; he came back to New York City feeling badly; 
 but had not developed the disease sufficiently to arouse suspic- 
 ion on the part of the quarantine officials ; he was permitted to 
 land, and died a few days later of the same scourge that his 
 genius mastered. The world owes him an incalculable debt. 
 He was a true benefactor of his day and generation — yes; of 
 mankind for all generations. 
 
 Section XLII. 
 
 "He Knew Lincoln," by Ida Tarbell. The Macmillan 
 Co., New York, price 50c. 
 
 "The Perfect Tribute." Charles Scribner's Sons, New 
 York; price 50c. 
 
 "He That is Faithful." See Ethics for Children, page 
 132. 
 
 Section XLIII. 
 
 For "Sir Galahad," consult the International Encyclo- 
 paedia, Vol. 8, page 308, and Vol. 9, page 109; or any other 
 standard works that you may have. Walter Map's "Quest 
 of the Holy Grail," gives the legend in full. 
 
 Joan of Arc." Educator Company, Mitchell, S. D.; price 
 5c. postage 2c. 
 
 Section XLIY. 
 
 "Truth," in "Every Day Ethics," by Ella L. Cabot. Hen- 
 ry Holt and Co., New York; price $1.25. Copyrighted. Must 
 be secured from the publishers. 
 
 Section XLV. 
 
 The Course of Study refers to Dr. Schauffler's Decora- 
 tion Day material. This is hard to secure. The school 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 69 
 
 journals — especially the ''Primary Education," are filled with 
 Decoration Day material each year. 
 
 See Ethics for Children, page 146, for an outline of read- 
 ings from St. Paul. 
 
 SIXTH GRADE. 
 
 Section XLVI. 
 
 "David and Jonathan." This story is given in full in this 
 iDOok, Fourth Grade, section 28; hence, it will not be repeated 
 Tiere. 
 
 DAMON AND PYTHIAS. 
 
 A young man whose name was Pyth'i-as had done some- 
 thing which the tyrant Dionysius did not like. For this 
 offense he was dragged to prison, and a day was set when he 
 should be put to death. His home was far away, and he 
 wanted very much to see his father and mother and friends 
 T^efore he died. 
 
 "Only give me leave to go home and say good-by to those 
 whom I love," he said, "and then I will come back and give up 
 my life." 
 
 The tyrant laughed at him. 
 
 "How can I know that you will keep your promise?" he 
 said. "You only want to cheat me, and save yourself." 
 
 Then a young man whose name was Da-mon spoke and 
 said, — 
 
 "O king! put me in prison in place of my friend Pyth- 
 i-as, and let him go to his own country to put his affairs in 
 order, and to bid his friends farewell. I know that he will 
 come back as he promised, for he is a man who has never 
 broken his word. But if he is not here on the day which you 
 have set, then I will die in his stead." 
 
 The tyrant was surprised that anybody should make 
 such an offer. He at last agreed to let Pythias go, and gave 
 orders that the young man Damon should be shut up in 
 prison. i 
 
70 ETHIGAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 Time passed, and by and by the* day drew near which had 
 been set for Pythias to die; and he had not come back. The 
 tjrant ordered the jailer to keep close watch upon Damon, 
 and not let him escape. But Damon did not try to escape. 
 He still had faith in the truth and honor of his friend. He 
 said, "If Pythias does not come back in time, it will not be 
 his fault. It will be because he is hindered against his will."' 
 
 At last the day came, and then the very hour. Damon 
 was ready to die. His trust in his friend was as firm as ever; 
 and he said that he did not grieve at having to suffer for 
 one whom he loved so much. 
 
 Then the jailer came to lead him to his death; but at the 
 same moment Pythias stood in the door. He had been de- 
 layed by storms and ship-wreck, and he had feared that he 
 was too late. He greeted Damon kindly, and then gave him- 
 self into the hands of the jailer. He was happy because he 
 thought that he had come in time, even though it was at the- 
 last moment. 
 
 The tyrant was not so bad but that he could see good in 
 others. He felt that men who loved and trusted each other, 
 as did Damon and Pythias, ought not to suffer unjustly. And 
 so he set them both free. 
 
 "I would give all my wealth to have one such friend," he 
 said. 
 
 Section XLVIII. 
 RUTH AND NAOMI. 
 
 In the time of the judges in Israel, a man named Elim- 
 elech was living in the town of Bethlehem, in the tribe of 
 Judah, about six miles south of Jerusalem. His wife^s name 
 was Naomi, and his two sons were Mahlon and Chilion. For 
 some years the crops were poor, and food was scarce in Judah; 
 and Elimelech, with his family, went to live in the land of 
 Moab, which was on the east side of the Dead Sea, as Judah 
 was on the west. 
 
 There they stayed ten years, and in that time Elimeleck 
 died. His two sons married women of the country of Moab,- 
 
STATE COURSE Ot^ STUDY 71 
 
 one woman named Orpah, the other named Ruth. But the 
 two young men also died in the land of Moab, so that Naomi 
 and her two daughters-in-law were all left widows. 
 
 Naomi heard that God had again given good harvests 
 and bread to the land of Judah, and she rose up to go from 
 Moab back to her own land and her own town of Bethlehem. 
 Her two daughters-in-law loved her and both would have 
 gone with her, though the land of Judah was a strange land 
 to them, for they were of the Moabite people. 
 
 Naomi said to them, "Go back, my daughters, to your own 
 mothers' homes. May the Lord deal kindly with you, as you 
 have been kind to your husbands and to me. May the Lord 
 grant that each of you may yet find another husband and a 
 happy home." Then Naomi kissed them in farewell, and the 
 three women all wept together. The two young widows said 
 to her, "You have been a good mother to us, and we will go 
 with you ,and live among your people." 
 
 "No, no," said Naomi. "You are young, and I am old. Go 
 back and be happy among your own people." 
 
 Then Orpah kissed Naomi and went back to her people; 
 but Ruth would not leave her. She said, "Do not ask me to 
 leave you, for I never will. Where you go, I will go; where 
 you live, I will live; your people shall be my people; and your 
 God shall be my God. Where you die, I will die, and be bur- 
 ied. Nothing but death itself shall part you and me." 
 
 When Naomi saw that Ruth was firm in her purpose, she 
 ceased trying to persuade her; so the two women went on 
 together. They walked around the Dead Sea, and crossed 
 the river Jordan, and climbed the mountains of Judah, and 
 came to Bethlehem. 
 
 Section XLIX. 
 
 Charles Dickens' "Christmas Carol" will no doubt have 
 to be taken from his standard works. 
 
 Tolstoi's "Gospel Stories" asked for in this section, is a 
 large volume published by the T. Y. Crowell Co., New York; 
 price $1.25. 
 
 See Ethics for Children, page 156. 
 
72 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 Section L. 
 
 A MISUNDERSTANDING. 
 
 Once a child who thought well of herself was walking 
 along the street, and saw another child, who was poorly clad. 
 
 "How wretched it must be," she said to herself, "to be 
 poor and shabby like that child; How thin sne is! and how 
 her patched cloak flutters in the wind; so different from my^ 
 velvet dress and coat!" 
 
 Just then an Angel came along. 
 
 "What are you looking at?" asked the Angel. 
 
 "I was looking at that girl!" said the child. 
 
 "So was I," said the Angel. "How beautifully she is 
 dressed!" 
 
 "What do you mean?" said the child. "I mean this one 
 coming toward us. She is in rags, or at least if her clothes 
 are not ragged, they are wretchedly thin and shabby." 
 
 "Oh, no," said the Angel. "How can you say so? She 
 is in sparkling white, as clear as frost. I never saw anything 
 so pretty. But you, you poor little thing, you are indeed 
 miserably clad. Does not the wind blow through and through 
 these flimsy tatters? But at least you could keep them 
 clean, my dear, and mended. You should see to that." 
 
 "I don't know what you mean!" said the child. "That 
 girl is a ragged beggar, and my father is the richest man in 
 town. I have a velvet dress and coat, trimmed with expensive- 
 fur. What are you talking about?" 
 
 "About the clothes of your soul, of course!" said the- 
 Angel, who was young. 
 
 *I don't know anything about souls," said the child. 
 
 "I shouldn't think you did!" said the Angel. 
 
 Sections LI— LIV. 
 
 Follow the work as outlined in the Course of Study. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 73 
 
 SEVENTH GRADE. 
 Section LV. 
 
 Follow the Course of Study. 
 
 Section LVI. 
 
 The Story of General Gordon asked for in this section 
 may be found in Ethics for Children, page 189—195 inclusive. 
 
 Sections LVII— LVIII. 
 
 Follow the Course of Study. 
 
 Section LIX. 
 
 The selection entitled "A Message to Garcia," asked for 
 in this section was written by Elbert Hubbard. It is pub- 
 lished by the Roycroft Press, East Aurora, N. Y. The article 
 is copyrighted and cannot be reproduced. It is a splendid 
 dramatic production, and every teacher should procure a copy 
 of it. 
 
 "Dolly Madison." See Ethics for Children, page 202. 
 
 Section LX. 
 
 STORY OF MASON AND SLIDELL. 
 
 Mason and Slidell were two Confederate commissioners 
 sent by the South to England during the Civil war to repre- 
 sent the Confederacy as a belligerent power. They sailed on 
 the British steamer, "Trent." In mid-ocean they were seized 
 by a United States war-ship and brought back. This act 
 created great excitement and threatened to bring on war 
 between Great Britain and the United States. President 
 Lincoln's sense of justice saved the calamity. He disap- 
 proved the act, and ordered the commissioners to be released 
 and permitted to carry out their errand. 
 
74 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 Section LXI. 
 
 The article on patriotism, referred to in this section as 
 being found on page 209 Ethics for Children, should be read 
 aloud to the entire school. It is one of the finest examples 
 of self-sacrifice in all history. Nothing on the field of battle 
 surpasses it. 
 
 Section LXII. 
 THE RIDE OF COLLINS GRAVES. 
 
 . (By John Boyle O'Reilly) 
 
 No song of a soldier riding down 
 
 To the raging fight of Winchester town; 
 
 No song of a time that shook the earth 
 
 With the nation's throe at a nation's birth; 
 
 But the song of a brave man, free from fear 
 
 As Sheridan's self, or Paul Revere; 
 
 Who risked what they risked, — free from strife 
 
 And its promise of glorious pay, — his life. 
 
 The peaceful valley has waked and stirred, 
 
 And the answering echoes of life are heard; 
 
 The dew still clings to the trees and grass. 
 
 And the earlier toilers smiling pass. 
 
 As they glance up the valley where merrily comes 
 
 The brook that sparkles in diamond rills 
 
 As the sun comes over the Hampshire hills. 
 
 What was it that passed like an ominous breath? 
 Like a shiver of fear or a touch of death? 
 What was it? The valley is peaceful still, 
 And the leaves are afire on the top of the hill, 
 It was not a sound, nor a thing of sense — 
 But a pain, like a pang in the short suspense 
 That warps the being of those who see 
 At their feet the gulf of eternity. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 75 
 
 The air of the valley has felt the chill, 
 The workers pause at the door of the mill; 
 The housewife, keen to the shivering air, 
 Arrests her foot on the cottage stair, 
 Instinctive taught by the mother-love. 
 And thinks of the sleeping ones above. 
 
 Why start the listeners? Why does the course 
 Of the mill-stream widen? Is it a horse — 
 "Hark to the sound of his hoofs," they say — 
 That gallops so wildly Williamsburg way? 
 
 God! What was that, like a human shriek. 
 From the widening valley? Will nobody speak; 
 Will nobody answer those women who cry 
 As the awful warnings thunder by? 
 
 Whence come they? Listen! And now they hear 
 The sound of the galloping horse-hoofs near; 
 They watch the trend of the vale, and see 
 The rider, who thunders so menacingly. 
 With waving arms and warning scream 
 To the home-filled banks of the valley stream. 
 He draws no rein, but he shakes the street 
 With a shout and the ring of the galloping feet, 
 And this is the cry that he flings to the wind: 
 "To the hills for your lives! The flood is behind!" 
 
 He cries and is gone; but they know the worst — 
 
 The treacherous Williamsburg dam has burst! 
 
 The basin that nourished their happy homes 
 
 Is changed to a demon — It comes! it comes! 
 
 A monster in aspect, with shaggy front 
 
 Of shattered dwellings to take the brunt 
 
 Of the dwellings they shatter, — white-maned and hoarse, 
 
 The merciless terror fills the course 
 
 Of the narrow valley, and rushing raves. 
 
 With death on the first of its hissing waves. 
 
 Till cottage and street and crowded mill 
 
76 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OP 
 
 Are crumbled and crushed. But onward still, 
 
 In front of the roaring flood is heard 
 
 The galloping horse and the warning word. 
 
 Thank God, that the brave man's life is spared! 
 
 From Williamsburg town he nobly dared 
 
 To race with the flood and to take the road 
 
 In front of the terrible swath it mowed. 
 
 For miles it thundered and crashed behind. 
 
 But he looked ahead with a steadfast mind: — 
 
 "They must be warned!" was all he said, 
 
 As away on his terrible ride he sped. 
 
 When heroes are called for, bring the crown 
 To this Yankee rider; send him down 
 On the streaml of time with the Curtius old; 
 His deed, as the Roman's, was brave and bold. 
 And the tale can as noble a thrill awake. 
 For he offered his life for the people's sake. 
 
 Section LXIIl! 
 
 Follow the Course of Study. 
 
 EIGHTH GRADE. 
 
 Sections LXIV— V— VI. 
 
 The work for these three sections is outlined in the 
 Course of Study as well as it can be. 
 
 Section LXVII. 
 
 FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. 
 
 One of the most noted women in modern history is 
 Florence Nightingale, the famous English nurse. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 77 
 
 She was born in Derbyshire, England, in 1820. Her 
 father and mother were broad minded, sympathetic people. 
 Florence evidently inherited these traits. Her father was a 
 rich land owner in England, commlonly called a "squire." 
 Florence had plenty of good horses to ride, and she grew up 
 in a healthy atmosphere. 
 
 Her first nurse work, and that which no doubt gave the 
 inspiration to her life, was in caring for a poor shepherd dog 
 whom the boys had stoned and injured very badly. She was 
 riding home from London when she saw an old shepherd, 
 named Roger, very much excited and unable to control his 
 sheep. She asked what the matter was. He replied that 
 some bad boys had stoned his faithful dog and groken his 
 leg, so that he was useless, and that he would have to kill 
 him. 
 
 "Oh don't!" cried Florence. Are you sure his leg is 
 broken?" 
 
 They finally examined the dog and found that his leg was 
 not broken, but that he was badly injured otherwise. 
 
 Florence made a hot compress, took the shepherd's extra 
 smock, tore it into strips, bathed the dog's leg until the in- 
 flamation had subsided, and cared for him until he had gotten 
 well. He served his master for many useful years thereafter. 
 
 At the age of seventeen, she conducted a Bible class at 
 Lea Hurst for the factory girls in the hosiery mills. Her life 
 was broadening rapidly into one of mercy and help. She went 
 to London. There she saw misery that astonished her. The 
 slum homes were awful. The hospitals were no better. Says 
 her biographer: "She determined then and there to see what 
 could be done to reform these hospitals. This was to be her 
 life work. She was about twenty-one years old when she def- 
 initely decided upon it." 
 
 She spent the next thirteen years of her life under the 
 hospital sheds of England, visiting every such institution in 
 the kingdom. She also went to Paris, Rome, Berlin, Brus- 
 sels, Constantinople and Alexandria, and studied the sanitary 
 conditions prevailing in all these places. 
 
 Upon her return home she was called to the superintend- 
 ency of the Hartley Street Home in London. Here she was 
 
78 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 surrounded by a swarm of ailing and despondent women. She 
 swept their rooms with her own hands, made their beds, gave 
 them medicine. 
 
 Finally, she broke down from over work, and had to 
 go home for a long rest. Then the awful Crimean war broke 
 out. The conditions of the sick and wounded, and their terri- 
 ble neglect, astonished the civilized world when once the facts 
 began to be known. The British nation appealed to Florence 
 Nightingale — the woman of destiny — to go to the front and 
 care for their thousands of sick and wounded. Within six 
 days she had selected thirty trained nurses and had started 
 for the front. 
 
 Upon her arrival at army headquarters, she assumed 
 charge of all the sick. She gave twenty hours a day to her 
 work. The army correspondent to the London Times wrote: 
 "She is a ministering angel, without any exaggeration, in 
 these hospitals; and as her slender form glides quietly along 
 each corridor, every poor fellow's face softens with gratitude 
 at the sight of her. When all the medical officers have re- 
 tired for the night, and silence and darkness have settled 
 down upon the miles of prostrate forms, she may be observed 
 alone with lamp in hand, making her solitary rounds." 
 
 It was this that gave rise to Longfellow's beautiful poem, 
 
 "And slow, as in a dream of bliss. 
 The speechless sufferer turns to kiss 
 Her shadow as it falls 
 Upon the darkening walls." 
 
 She returned home in 1856, broken in health and destined 
 to remain more or less an invalid for the rest of her life. The 
 English people became thoroughly aroused and started to 
 raise a fund for her. Rich and poor alike subscribed to it. 
 Every soldier in the English army gave one day's pay. The 
 whole sum amounted to $250,000. She refused it, except upon 
 one condition; that was, that she might use it to found a hos- 
 pital. Consent was given; and the beautiful St. Thomas Hos- 
 pital in London was accordingly opened. 
 
 She died August 13, 1910; but not until she ^ad lived to 
 bless mankind. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 79 
 
 SANTA FILOMENA. ' 
 
 (By Henry W. Longfellow 
 
 Whene'er a noble deed is wrought, 
 Whene'er is spoken a noble thought, 
 
 Our hearts, in glad surprise. 
 
 To higher levels rise. 
 
 The tidal wave of deeper souls 
 Into our inmost being rolls. 
 
 And lifts us unawares 
 
 Out of all meaner cares. 
 
 Honor to those whose words or deeds 
 Thus help us in our daily needs. 
 And by their overflow 
 Raise us from what is low! 
 
 Thus thought I, as by night I read 
 Of the great army of the dead. 
 The trenches cold and damp. 
 The starved and frozen camp, — 
 
 The wounded from the battle-plain. 
 In dreary hospitals of pain. 
 
 The cheerless corridors, 
 
 The cold and stony floors. 
 
 Lo! in that house of misery 
 
 A lady with a lamp I see 
 
 Pass through the glimmering gloom. 
 And flit from room to room. 
 
 And slow, as in a dream of bliss, 
 The speechless sufferer turns to kiss 
 
 Her shadow, as it falls 
 
 Upon the darkening walls. 
 
80 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 As if a door in heaven should be 
 Opened and then closed suddenly, 
 The vision came and went, 
 The light shone and was spent. 
 
 On England's annals, through the long 
 Hereafter of her speech and song, 
 That light its rays shall cast 
 From portals of the past. 
 
 A Lady with a Lamp shall stand 
 In the great history of the land, 
 
 A noble type of good, 
 
 Heroic womanhood. 
 
 -". Nor even shall be wanting here 
 The palm, the lily, and the spear. 
 The symbols that of yore 
 Saint Filomena bore. 
 
 Section LXVIII. 
 
 Look up the work called for in the Course of Study. 
 
 Section LXIX. 
 JANE ADDAMS. 
 
 The ethical work for the eighth grade for this month 
 centers itself around a remarkable character. Miss Jane Ad- 
 dams, of Hull House fame. 
 
 When she was three years of age, she came home one ev- 
 ening, and saw an American flag and a jet black flag waving 
 side by side from the gate posts of her father's home. Rush- 
 ing into the house she asked him what these meant. He re- 
 plied, "The greatest man in the world (Abraham Lincoln) is 
 dead." Thus we associate her birth with the great Civil war, 
 and her life of usefulness with the period since the war. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 81 
 
 At seventeen, she entered Rockford college where for four 
 years she specialized on history and on mental and moral 
 philosophy. Then she enrolled in a ^Philadelphia medical col- 
 lege. At the end of the first year her health broke down and 
 she had to give up her professional training. The doctors 
 advised her to go abroad. So she spent the next two years 
 in Europe, feasting on the art treasures of the Old World. 
 
 Finally, she went to London. Here, one Saturday night, 
 she saw a huckster in the slum district auctioning off some old 
 half -decayed cabbages. The first fellow who got one sat down 
 in the street and began to gnaw it with delight. The sight 
 appealed to Jane Addams; and momentarily she caught a 
 vision: she saw thousands of dirty hands projecting forward 
 through the gloom of the night, pleading for something to 
 eat. Her heart melted. She was rich; she was cultured; but 
 as she herself said, "What is the use of culture if it does noth- 
 ing to mitigate the sufferings of the world?" Right here she 
 had seized hold of her life's calling. 
 
 Her next conversion came when she witnessed a bull fight 
 in Madrid. She again heard the call for reform. 
 
 In 1889, she returned to Chicago, rented the Hull House 
 
 and immortalized its name. Here she was surrounded by 
 
 Greeks, Irish, Poles, Russians and Bohemians; in fact, all 
 
 told, thirty-six distinct nationalities. Many of the mothers 
 
 were bread winners. Miss Addams first opened a day nursery 
 
 where for five cents each, children could be cared for durmg 
 
 the working hours of their mothers. Then she opened a 
 
 kindergarten. She fed the poor, secured medical attention 
 
 for the sick, comforted the dying and did a thousand and one 
 
 other acts of mercy and helpfulness. Not content, she went 
 
 to the public library and persuaded them to place a branch m 
 
 Hull House. This they did. The little foreigners soon learned 
 
 to read English and many of them have since become stars m 
 
 the professional world. One woman with a vision had given 
 
 them a chance. Religious teachings were also mtroduced 
 
 through means of pious Sunday concerts. Today she is one o± 
 
 the most popular women in the entire habitable world. 
 
82 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 Section LXX. 
 
 "Sister Dora" by Margaret Lonsdale. Little Brown &. 
 Co., Boston; price $1.25. 
 
 Section LXXI. 
 CLARA BARTON. 
 
 Miss Clara Barton, the "Mother of the Red Cross" in 
 America, came into the world as a Christmas present to her 
 parents, — she having been born on December 25, 1821, at Ox- 
 ford, Mass. 
 
 Her early years were spent on her father's farm where 
 her chief delight was horseback riding; in fact, she never for- 
 got this art, for at the age of seventy-seven, she wrote: "To 
 this day my seat on a saddle or on the back of a horse is as 
 secure and tireless as in a rocking chair, and far more pleas- 
 ureable." 
 
 Clara's education was of the home kind. Her older broth- 
 er taught her mathematics, and her two sisters taught her lit- 
 erature, while her father schooled her in history and 
 politics. She attended the old-fashioned district school for a 
 short time, but she made no headway, for she was to dreadful- 
 ly bashful. 
 
 When she was eleven years of age, her brother David who 
 was her idol took sick. He lay near death's door for two 
 years. Clara nursed him. In this " school of experience," 
 she got the practical lessons which afterwards developed her 
 eventful life. 
 
 However, at sixteen years of age, she had acquired suf- 
 ficient knowledge to take a position as teacher of a country 
 school — District Number Nine. Her bashfulness was again 
 her handicap, for on the first day, all she did for quite awhile 
 was to read aloud the Bible to the scholars, rather than to 
 look them squarely in the face. Still, she succeeded — and 
 wonderfully, too. It was only a short time until she became 
 the most popular teacher in the whole neighborhood. The 
 rural school could not retain her. She was called to a position 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 83 
 
 in the town schools at Bordentown, New Jersey. Her first 
 year was a phenomenal success. The second year the board 
 was called upon to make room for five hundred additional 
 
 pupils. 
 
 But in 1854, her health began to break, and she had to 
 give up her work as a teacher. Then, through a relative who 
 held a seat in Congress, she got an appointment to a position 
 in the U. S. Patent' office. President Buchanan removed her 
 from this position in 1857, because she was an ardent and out- 
 spoken anti-slavery woman. 
 
 The Civil war was now close at hand. On the 19th of 
 April, 1861, she was in Washington, D. C, where she had for 
 some time resided, when a train from Baltimore brought m 
 a lot of wounded soldiers. Clara Barton pushed her way near 
 to them She recognized some of them as her old pupils In 
 District Number Nine. They were the Sixth Massachusetts 
 militia Forty of the wounded were taken to the local hospital 
 which was soon greatly congested. The sight of the place 
 moved Miss Barton's heart. She put on an apron and went to 
 
 Not only did she look after the immediate physicial needs 
 of the wounded, but she wrote letters home for them. In a 
 few days she found herself overwhelmed with mail. Then 
 she left the hospital and went down the Potomac ^iver J:o 
 where the wounded were being received from the battle-fields, 
 and ministered to them. Not satisfied, she applied for a 
 pass through the army lines. After much "red tape,' this 
 was granted her. She went direct to the field hospitals, and 
 assisted the surgeons in caring for the wounded in every way 
 she could. Again not satisfied, she went right out onto the 
 battle-fields and cared for the wounded as they fell. At 
 Culpepper Court House and at Cedar Mountain she was 
 under heavy fire for over four hours. It seems strange how 
 Providence favors such women as these. Clara Barton col- 
 lected a hospital wagon and medical supplies of her own. At 
 Antietam, the regular medical wagons were a day behind in 
 arriNTing: Clara Barton had hers there right from the start; 
 and many a man's life was saved after the first days hard 
 fighting through the ready assistance which he got from her 
 
84 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 supplies. Again at Fredericksburg, she walked right into the 
 very teeth of the Confederate cannon and assisted in caring 
 for the enemy's wounded. Her biographer says: "She was 
 constantly in danger. Her clothing was often pierced by^ 
 bullets, and her face was blackened by the powder smoke." 
 Not all the glory belongs to the men in time of war. 
 
 Miss Barton did another service that was most glorious. 
 While on the field, she kept a roster of the dead and wounded 
 as far as possible. When the war was over, hundreds of anx- 
 ious fathers and mothers began to write to the authorities 
 at Washington to find out, if possible, where such and such 
 men were buried. The government was at a loss to know 
 what to do. They called Clara Barton. She supplied the 
 names and burial places of over thirty thousand soldiers. 
 
 Her health again gave way and she was forced to go to 
 Europe for a rest. While there, the Franco-German war 
 broke out. Here she saw the practical working of the "Red 
 Cross Society," an organization which had sprung into exis- 
 tence in Switzerland, in 1863, based upon reports of her work 
 in the Civil war which was at that time in progress. Although 
 M. Henri Durant, of Geneva, Switzerland, organized the Red 
 Cross, yet it was Clara Barton who gave the impetus to it, 
 and who, at the risk of her life, showed its practicability. 
 
 In 1882, when President Arthur signed the treaty estab- 
 lishing the American Red Cross, Clara Barton was worthily 
 made its first president. She soon saw that an organization 
 that was useful only in times of war was not of much account, 
 so she prevailed upon the government to make the Red Cross 
 available in tim^es of peace. This happy thought soon found 
 reward. Their help was called to the victims of the awful 
 forest fire in Michigan; to those left homeless by the terrible 
 cyclone in Louisiana; to the Johnstown fiood sufferers. 
 
 Suddenly the Spanish-American war was upon us. The 
 Red Cross was organized, was experienced, was ready; so was 
 Clara Barton. Cuba and the Philippines bear homage to her 
 memory. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 85 
 
 Section LXXII. 
 HENRY FAWCETT. 
 
 Henry Fawcett, an English economist, was born at Sal- 
 isbury, in 1833. He was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 
 and graduated with high honors in mathematics. 
 
 He had an accident while shooting in 1858, which rendered 
 him totally blind. Undaunted by his misfortune, he set him- 
 self to work to make the best out of life. He began to write 
 books and magazine articles on economic questions. His two 
 books entitled respectively, "A Manual of Political Economy," 
 and "The Economic Position of the British Laborer," excited 
 wide and favorable comment, with the result that he was elec- 
 ted Professor of Poltical Economy in the University of Cam- 
 bridge. 
 
 Then he became politically ambitious. He ran for Par- 
 liament six times; was elected twice and defeated four times. 
 However, in 1880, he became Postmaster-General for the 
 Kingdom, and made a great record for himself. 
 
 FRANCIS PARKMAN. 
 
 Francis Parkman, the great American historian, was 
 born in Boston in 1823. After graduating from the philo- 
 sophic course at Harvard University, he took a two-year law 
 course in the same institution. Upon the completion of it, he 
 decided not to practice, but to give his attention to history. 
 
 He found that the only way to gather history was to 
 traverse the country where certain historical events had taken 
 place; therefore, he came west as early as 1846 and Uvea 
 among the Sioux Indians, securing from them as much in- 
 formation as possible about their tribal relations and history. 
 He also visited the Black Hills, and then went on as far 
 west as the Rocky Mountains. Upon his return he published 
 an account of his travels under the caption of "The Oregon 
 Trail." 
 
 This trip west ruined his health; yet he stuck faithfully 
 to his task of preparing his history. The first of his historical 
 
86 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 works, "The Conspiracy of Pontiac," was published in two 
 volumes and appeared in 1851. 
 
 Parkman then decided to try his hand at fiction. He spent 
 several years roaming. over America and Europe gathering in- 
 formation for his historical novel, "Vassal Morton," which 
 appeared in 1856, but which met with little succesis. 
 
 The failing of his health forced him to live out of doors 
 a great deal. This enabled him to acquire a vast deal of in- 
 formation about horticulture, with the result that in 1886 
 he published a book on this subject entitled "The Book of 
 Roses." The success of this book brought him the professor 
 ship of horticulture at Harvard in 1871. 
 
 During the period of time that had elapsed since his 
 first historical work appeared, he had, in addition to the oth- 
 :er tasks mentioned herein, gathered a great deal of informa- 
 tion, and had published many other historical works as fol- 
 lows : "Pioneers of France in the New World," "The Jesuits 
 in North America," "La Salle and the Discovery of the 
 Great West." 
 
 He did not like his professorship at Harvard, so he re- 
 signed it at the end of the first year, and again devoted him- 
 self to history. In 1874, "The Old Regime in Canada," ap- 
 peared; in 1877, "Count Frontenac and New France Under 
 Louis XIV;" in 1884, "Montcalm and Wolfe" (two Vols.); in 
 1894, "A Half Century of Conflict," (two Vols.). 
 
 It must be remembered that his health all through this 
 period was so poor that he could do very little work himself. 
 He had to dictate his composition and then have his paid typ- 
 ists read it to him. His eyes were so bad that he was almost 
 blind. Yet he struggled on heroically against these odds, and 
 won. He died in 1893, but not until he had written his name 
 in history with Prescott, Bancroft and Motley. 
 
 HARRIET BEECHER-STOWE. 
 
 To condense into a small space the life of such an heroic 
 character as Harriet Beecher Stowe is no small task. Her 
 father was a Congregational preacher in Litchfield, Conn. 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 87 
 
 There Harriet was born June 14, 1811. She was brought up 
 in an atmosphere of strictest obedience. In early childhood 
 she became a lover of books. 
 
 Miss Beecher's first poems appeared when she was yet a 
 mere child. The meter in them was splendid. They read 
 gracefully. When one of her pets was shot, she buried it 
 gently in the yard and wrote for it this epitaph: 
 
 "Here lies our kit 
 Who had a fit 
 
 And acted queer; 
 Shot with a gun. 
 Her race is run. 
 
 And she lies here." 
 
 In 1832, when Harriett was twenty-one years of age, her 
 father was called to the presidency of Lane Theological Semi- 
 nary, at Cincinnati, Ohio. This caused the family to move 
 west. They settled at Walnut Hills, two miles out of the city. 
 Harriett and her lister Catherine had been teaching at Hart- 
 ford, Conn. When they reached Cincinnati, they opened a 
 school for girls, called "The Female Institute." 
 
 They were now in the atmosphere of the West; separated 
 from slave territory only by the narrow confines of the Ohio 
 rivers. Negroes were thick in their community. Stories of 
 the cruelty practiced upon them by their southern owners 
 were rife in Cincinnati. Harriett became alarmed over them. 
 She opened a mission for Negroes, where they were taught 
 the Bible. Her sympathy for them grew deeper and deeper 
 the more she associated with them. 
 
 Her health and that of her sister both failed in due course 
 of time, and the Female Institute was closed. Meanwhile, one 
 of Harriett's dearest girl friends had married Prof. Calvin E. 
 Stowe, of Lane Seminary, and had then died inside of a year. 
 She sympathized with Stowe. This sympathy ripened into a 
 love match, and they were married in 1836. 
 
 Providence gave to them seven children. Their mother 
 was devoted to them. She once wrote to a friend: "I wish you 
 could see me with my flock around me. They sum up my 
 cares, and were they gone, I should ask myself, 'What now re- 
 
88 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 mains to be done?' They are my work over which I fear and 
 tremble." 
 
 Stowe's salary as professor of Biblical Literature was 
 very meager. The family was poor. Occasionally, Mrs. 
 Stowe had to write a short story for some magazine to "keep 
 the wolf from the door." 
 
 However, in 1850, Stowe was called to Bowdoin college, at 
 New Burnswick, Maine. The Fugitive Slave law, providing 
 for the return to their owners of slaves who had escaped into 
 free states, had just been enacted by congress. Mrs. Stowe 
 saw the lecherous detectives from the South seizing escaped 
 negroes, whipping them into subjection, and "driving" them 
 iDack home again. 
 
 These scenes got onto her heart. She wrote to her son, 
 "I remember many a night weeping over you as you lay sleep- 
 ing beside me, and I thought of the slave mothers whose 
 babies were torn from them." Later, she received from her 
 sister-in-law in Boston a letter which read in part: "Now, 
 Hattie, if I could use a pen as you can, I would write some- 
 thing that would make the whole nation feel what an ac- 
 cursed thing slavery is." When Mrs. Stowe received the let- 
 ter and had finished reading it, she arose with a feeling of 
 animation pictured on her face and exclaimed, "God helping 
 me, I will write something!" 
 
 A few Sundays afterward, while sitting in church, she 
 caught a vision of an old negro dying — in the Christian faith. 
 Upon her return home, she locked herself into a room and 
 wrote out the vision in full as it had appeared to her. She 
 named it "The Death of Uncle Tom." 
 
 When it was finished she read it to her family. The 
 children wept. Her husband suggested that she write a 
 series of articles on slavery and that she use this one as the 
 climax of the rest. This serial appeared in the "National 
 Era," an abolition paper published in Washington, D. C, the 
 first issue of the story coming from press June 5th, 1851; 
 the last, April 1st, 1852. She gave to the serial the title 
 "Uncle Tom's Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly." Scarcely had 
 the story been completed when it re-appeared in book form 
 under the abridged title of "Uncle Tom's Cabin." ^ 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 89 
 
 Three thousand copies of it were sold the first day; three 
 hundred thousand within the first year: a half million copies 
 were sent to England. Her royalties for the first four months 
 amounted to the enormous sum of $10,000. The poverty was 
 removed from the old home, and Harriett Beecher Stowe be- 
 came the most renowned woman, if not the most celebrated 
 person, in the entire world. Said the poet Holmtes of her: 
 "If every tongue that speaks her praise 
 For whom I shape my tinkling pnrase 
 Were summoned to the table, 
 The vocal chorus that would meet 
 Of mingling accents harsh or sweet, 
 From every land and tribe, would beat 
 The polyglots of Babel." 
 The South received the publication with extreme bitter- 
 ness. Southern publications denounced it in language that 
 was irritating. These "knocks" helped to advertise it. Mrs. 
 Stowe had stuck her pen into the heart of a national problem^ 
 but that heart had to be penetrated again with the sword ten 
 years later. The world stood aghast. No book has ever been 
 written that created such a commotion and "Uncle Tom's 
 Cabin" is to this day a favorite American drama for old 
 and young. 
 
 When the historian writes "Abraham Lincoln freed the 
 slaves," let him not forget Harriett Beecher Stowe. 
 
 After the war she and her husband moved to Florida 
 where they bought a ranch with part of the money which 
 her famous novel had earned; built a school house and a 
 church at Mandarin, Florida, out of their own funds, and did 
 all within their power to alleviate the suffering and hard- 
 ships and ignorance of the southern blacks. 
 
 She died in 1896, at the extreme age of eighty-five years. 
 Her place in history is secure. The path of "freedom" will 
 ever be lighted by her life. 
 
 PHILLIPS BROOKS. 
 
 Phillips Brooks is regarded by historians as the greatest 
 
90 ETHICAL SELECTIONS OF 
 
 preacher of the Nineteenth century. Although he did not 
 rank with Beecher as an orator, with Gough as a reformer, 
 or with Bushnell or Mulford as theologians, yet, taking him 
 all in all and combining all his qualities, he was the peer of 
 any one of these men. This conclusion must be based upon 
 his power in the pulpit, and his power in the pulpit must be 
 based upon his wide scope of learning and his habits of prep- 
 aration for his sermons. He was at home with all of the 
 poets of two continents, with the theologians of the world, 
 with the antiquarians of all ages, and with the best Greek 
 and Latin scholars of Europe. In the preparation of his 
 sermons, Dr. Allen, his biographer, says: "His next plan was 
 to go over the paragraphs, each of which contained a distinct 
 idea, and was to become, when expanded, a paragraph in the 
 finished sermon, placing over against each the number of 
 pages it would occupy when it had been amplified. Then he 
 added the numbers together. Thirty pages was the limit of 
 the written sermon. If these numbers of assigned pages fell 
 short of thirty he review his plan to see where he might ex- 
 pand, or where to reduce if he had too many.'* 
 
 Like many other boys who graduate from college, Brooks 
 did not even know at the time of his graduation what his life's 
 work was to be. Two opinions possessed him: he either 
 wanted to be a teacher or else devote his life to literature. He 
 finally found his life's calling and entered the ministry. At 
 Alexandria, Va., he fitted himself for his new profession. Then 
 he became rector of the Church of the Advent, at Philadelphia, 
 in 1859. Three years later he changed to the Holy Trinity 
 church in Philadelphia. In 1869 he removed to Boston where 
 lie became rector of Trinity at that place, and twenty-twc 
 years afterwards he was elected Bishop of Massachusetts. 
 
 Of his several volumes of published lectures which he 
 left behind when he died in 1893, the best one is "The Influence 
 of Jesus." There is nothing finer in the whole range of Bibli- 
 cal Literature than this. It is a masterpiece, and it will be 
 referred to by theological students and orators for years to 
 come. 
 
 Brooks had a style of oratory similar to that employed by 
 Wendell Phillips, — a style which is just now being employed 
 
STATE COURSE OF STUDY 91 
 
 effectively by the celebrated Dr. Hillis. He seldom made a 
 gesture; did not indulge in fantasty, but depended upon the 
 profundity of his thought and the inflections of his voice for 
 oratorical effect. 
 
 His biographer is Dr. A. G. V. Allen. The biography 
 consists of two large volumes — one six hundred and fifty 
 pages, the other nine hundred and fifty. Criticising it, 
 Dr. Lyman Abbott said: "He has not known how to omit; 
 we can readily see that it would be almost impossible to omit. 
 Nothing that he has given us from Phillips Brooks' note- 
 books would we willingly lose. And yet sixteen hundred 
 pages to the life of one man are too many. * * * But, mak- 
 ing all allowances, we must still characterize this as the 
 biography of a genius by a genius." 
 
 The following poem on his life is from the pen of John 
 White Chadwick: 
 
 "Here was a man cast in such a generous mold 
 
 Of body, brain, and conscience, heart and soul, 
 That if till now we never had been told 
 
 Of an enternal life and perfect goal 
 Beyond the verge of this, our mortal space, 
 
 Straightway of such we should conceive, and dare 
 Believe it builded in God's boundless grace 
 
 After this man's great fashion, high and fair. 
 
 We could not make him dead; and if for him 
 That fuller life were established and secure. 
 
 Then for all souls however fallen, and dim 
 
 With soil and strain, it could not be less sure: 
 
 For he no joy in heaven's height could find 
 
 Save as he shared it with all mankind." 
 
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