^.'•. -^^ ._,<^ .^^^.^..^ A ^i^* .^^ ^C^ ,'^>v. O ^**..'^*'' .•:'^^& O .0'' .* • • ' Jk'\)-' .0^ •f - . 5 * i^ c; -,0^ Till OF TIIK 84TH REG'T ILL. VOLS. r>Y L. A. SBOIONS, MACOMB, ILL. : HAMPTON BROTHERS, PUBLISUERS, R. f'OLVILLK, niXDER, GAI-RSnURO, ILL. 18GG. COISi TENTS. Alstra^t of tki E©gii II. III. CHAPTER I. Original Muster-in-Rol! of the Field and Staff, and Personal Record of each Officer 281 Original Muster Roll of Company A. Personal Record of each officer and man, statins In what Ijattles engaged — date of Death or Discharge — when and where Wonnded, and a summary of cas- ualties in the Company 2S() Same of Company B 292 IV. Same of Company C 2i'7 V. Same of Companj- D 3ii2 VI. Same of Company E 308 VII. Same of Company F §12 VIII. Same of Company G 318 IX. Same of Company 11 -J-'o X. Same of Company I i'liv XI. Same of Company K 33r, XII. Same of the Recruits of the Regiment 342 A Table showing the number Killed, Wounded, Deceased, Discharged Transfered, and the number finally mustered oirt in each Company and the whole Regiment. ^^W' I'^RT I. History of the Regiments ClLVPTEIl I. THE ORGANIZ.VTION OF THE REGIMENT. The Spring and Summer of 1862 were fraught with stirring events. The war had been iu pi ogress a }ear. vast armies had been sent into the field, but as yet only a small portion of the Confederate States had beeji passed over by our forces. The army of the Missit^aippi had hardly advanced to the northern boun- dary of Mississippi aiui Alabama ; the army of the Potomac was toiiiugupju the Peninsula, and at every point our troops were met by equal and at many j>oints by superior numbers. It was evident to all thinking minds, that more troops must be spi edily f^ent to the scenes of action, or the suppression of the great rebellion would indeed prove a fai^uv<;. The President seoiucd fally to compr:\eu«.i the siturrtiou, and about the Ist of June 1SG2, issued his procl-ima" tion calling for fifty thousr'id more volunteers tO Be; ve tor the term of three years, or duri;ig the wjir. The quota of Illinois under this call was speedily dotennirv- cd and through the medium of the newspapers it was 6 HISTOEY OF THE EEGIMENT. in a day made known throughout the State, that four new regiments were immediately required. On tho 6th day of June, Governor Yates- telegraphed to Louis H. Waters, Esq., of Macomb, III, ofteriug him the Colonelcy of one of thele regiments. Col. Waters had early in the war gone into the lield, and as Lt. Col. commanded the 28th Regt. 111., Vols, for several months ; but for substantial reasons had resigned his position in that regiment and returned to the practice of his profession. On receiving this telegram, he im- mediately replied to Gov. Yates that he would glad]\- accept the proposed honor, if he should lind it pos- sible to enlist a regiment. He immediately under- took the task, wdiich at that season of the year was environed with a host of difficulties. Within the suc- ceeding ten days he wrote to many influential friends in adjoining conties sohciting their co-operation, and made a strong effort, in his own town and connly, to secure the efforts, in this direction, of men compe- tent to become olhcers ; besides this, he was acti\'cly engaged in soliciting every man to enlist, who could possibly leave his family and business. During i'. ■■ month of June, at least twenty men declared then- intention of raising a company for Ids regiment, and though they labored dihgently the work of recruiting progressed but slowly. Partisan feeling was still riiV in every communityj and in many truly patriot '■ breasts there ctill rankled deep-rooted prejudices against the President, and dominant party ; but Col. Waters was not the man to despair of ultimate eiic- cess. From the middle of June, until the 1st of Au- gust he was incessantly on the move ; addressing pub- lic meetings in Mercer, Henderson, Hancock, McDon- ough, Fulton, Schuyler, Brown and Adams counties, and every v>dicre rendering all the assistance he pos- sibly could to those who were recraiting. To Capt, 1^ ORG^'VNIZATION, 7 WilliaxQ Ervin, of Macomb, 111., belongs the credit of liaving orguiiized the Urst compan^^ for the 84th Kegt. 111. Vols. M'tcv about three weeks untiring effort in ])rocuring enlistments he started to Camp Butler, the C4iinp of rendezvous, -with about iitty men on tlie 1st day of July, 1SG2, but inimecUately returned to Me- Donough Co., for recruits to iill up Jiis company. Aboi;t the 25th of July the camp of rendezvous for this regiment was changed to Quincy, 111., for during this month the army of the Potomac had met with terrible reverses; the army in Southern Tennessee was being forced back into Kentucky ; the President in this emergency had called for three hundred thou- sand volunteers ; and the quota for iUinois, now being about forty regiments instead of four, it became nec'- essary to establish camps of rendezvous in the several congressional districts of the State. Now it was, that the peril of our governmeut became a])})arent to every one ; farmers left their crops standing iji the lield, rae- • •hanics threw aside their tools, merchants hastened to 1 urTi the measuring of calicoes and ribbons into other hands, and all riiished into camp, earnest, anxious, zealous, to do their part in sustaining ilie best govern- ment the world ever saw, in upholding the Coiistitu- tion and the lav/s. During the month of July and the early part of August, ten companies were hllcd up and organized for the 84th Ilegt. Ills. Vols., and be- fore 15th of August, all were in camp near Quincy, HI. Our abstract of the records of the regiment shows the original organization to liave been as fol- lows : {Company C was organized at Macomb, 111. about July 1st ; William Ervin, Captain, Epaplirothtus C. Coiilson, 1st Lieut., "William P. Pearson, 2nd Liei;t. Company A organized July 2 1st, at ]\Iacomb, 111., John P. Higgins, Capt., Thomas G. Wicdom, ist Lieut, William E. Starnes, 2nd Lieut. Company G- 8 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. organized July 25th, at Oquawka, 111., Frederick Gar- terniclit, Capt., AVilliam H. Fuller, 1st Lieut., Russell W. Caswell, 2nd Lieut. Company D organized at Mt. Sterling, 111., about July 27th, Moses W. Davis, Captain, Thomas D. Adams, 1st Lieut., Walter Scog- gan, 2nd Lieut, Company I organized at Clayton^ 111., August 6th, Albert J. Grithth, Capt., Wi'lliam Scott, 1st Lieut., Thomas F. Kendrick, 2nd Lieut. Company K organized at Biggsville, 111., August 8th, John B, McGaw, Capt., Alexander J^. Nelson, 1st Lieut., Myron H. Mills, 2nd Lieut. Company B organ- ized at Vermont, 111., about August 10th, V. M. Grew- ell, Captain, Lemuel L. Scott, 1st Lieut., James A. Russell, 2nd Lieut. Company F organized at Ver- mont, 111., August 11th, Caleb B. Cox, Captain, Joseph Nelson, 1st Lieut., Samuel Frost, 2nd Lieut. Com- pany H organized at Keithsburg, 111., August 14th, John C. Pepper, Capt., Luther T. Ball, 1st Lieut. ^ Henry E. Al>ercrombie, 2nd Lieut. Company E or- ganized at Quincy, 111., August 15th, Myron G. Tons-. ley, Capt., Hiram P. Roberts, 1st Lieut., Henry V. Lewis, 2nd Lieut. The organization of the regiment was completed about the 15th of August. Thomas Hamer having been appointed Lt. Cob, Charles H. Morton, Maj., James B. Kyle, Surgeon, David McDill, and Elijah C. Marshall, Assistant Surgeons, Charles E. Waters, Ad- jutant, Samuel L, Roe, Quartermaster and Rev. Ralph Harris, Chaplain. The following enlisted men were ^elected for the non-commissioned staff — John W. Frierson of co. F, for Sergeant Major, Andrew S. McDowell of CO. I, Quartermaster Sergeant, jMonroe P. Edwards of co. I, Commissary Sergeant, and Thomas B< Mamy of co. A, Hospital Steward. The position of the several companies in the regiment was determined by drawing lots for the letters: — when 0RGi\i^TI2ATI0N: 9 Capt. Iliggins drew A, whvAx placed his company on the right, Capt. Grewell B, which placted hid company on the left, Capt. Ervin C, which made hij the right center or Cok>r conipaay ot' the rogimcut. ¥ov the benefit of those who have not been in those vice, we will here state, tliat the coni'Kmies of a regiment are arranged by letter, antl commencing 0!i tJio right, Btand in the following order, A, F, 1), I, C, M, Vj, K, G, B. As soon as the several companies w.ii'; into camp, Coh Waters had thcni well s-ippliedwil.ii cloth- ing and camp eqnipage, and made arill the. order of the day from 8 a. m., to 4 p. m., Saturdays excopted. After tlic organisation of the r.^gimont wa.i com- pleted, tlic diili was vigorously continued and too much credit can scarcely be givc:i Col. Wa'erA for hi,-', indefatigable eiforts at. tkis time, ro render hia regi- ment lit for hnmediate duty in the Held. His recent experience in the 28rh ill. Vols., reud^'red him thor- oughly competent as a drill-master and tactici.'iu. In Capt. Garternicht lie found an able aiul tbovough assistant, for Capt. G. had not only d'.'illed v.ith Col. Waters in the 2St}i 111. Vols., but had seen sever?.! years actual pervice in the German army. The nionth of August v,-as devoLod to (hill nnd the study of the liogulations and Tactic.?, that ;-)n,.i.i:',r pro<;ess that transforms t^iie cin.:cn into the soaii'.^i-. The sudden change from the ordinary avocationo of life, v/hcro the blcs?i!'fT of tliorougidy cooked f ); '' was daily enjoyed, and each night b^'ougat repo.^'.^ a* fllumjer, witiiia doors upon a ^ood b^-d — to life i.i cam.p, where many foi'tho lirst time intbcir livr-, pre- pared a meal of viotn.\l!-', and of course fail-' ' nt of p^'actice raid experience to mdcc it r " -e, and where all slopt in te^ts and n'"o:i .Id not of conri-e bo eii'ccted v;ir ble sicknesa. This is tl^o : ;10 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. every new regiment, and we apprehend tliat ours was not more nor less unfortunate than most others. To become a thorough soldier, a man has many things to learn, and during this month we must contend that the regiment as a whole, made good progress. One idea was fixed in the minds of all, that contributed, probably more than aught else, to give the regimen during its whole term of service the character of ; prompt, reliable and well-disciplined command, name iy, ^THAT ALL OEDEES MUST BE STEICTLY OBEYED WITH OUT REMARKS OR HESITATION. Before the end of the month we were said to b TQRdy for muster into the U. S. service, and awaite* somewhat anxiously the arrival of the musterini officer, to make us a part of the grand army of the Union. The rolls were pjUpared about the 20 th and on. the last day of the month Capt. Evv'ing, of the U l^>. Regular army, and at this time on duty as muster Ina; officer, arrived at Quincy. We were anticipatin: a speedy movement, as soon as we were mustered ir ami being abeady tired of our first very pleasant cam] were anticipating a good time, in active and actu. service during the Fall campaign. CHAPTER U. MrSTER INTO SERVICi: AND THE KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN. All the necessary preparations liaving been made, on the 1st day of >Septcmbcr, 18G2, Capt. Ewing, oi* the U. S. Army, mustered in the regiment for th^ term of three years or during the war. In his inspec- tion of men a^ lie ju'ocoeded to muster, he rejected sduio from each comi^any a:^ unlit for service. These we. noticeted men; company C, thrc3 officers and ninety-two enlisted men; company L>, three officers and ninety-three enlisted men ; company E, three oflB- 12 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. cers and ninety-four enlisted men ; company F, three officers and eighty-eight enlisted men; company G, three officers and eighty-seven enlisted men ; company H, three officers and ninety-live enlisted men; company I, three officers and ninety-one enlisted men ; company K, three officers and ninety-three enhsted men ; Field and StaiF, nine officers and four enlisted men, detached from the companies to which they belonged for the non-commie-sioued staff, making the aggregate strength of the regiment nine hundi-ed and forty-two officers and men. Two days after muster, the regiment was ordered to be in readiness for a move at any moment — and this order continued in force, for the succeeding twenty days. The di'ill Vvas continued every day, and every effort put forth to render the regiment thoroughly acquainted with ail the evolutions required in actual f^ervice. On the 4th day of September, a large pic- nic party came from Macomb, Vermont, and inter- mediate neighborhoods, to our camp, and enjoyed a brief visit and a good dinner with the boys before they went into the Held. They brought an abun- dance of delicacies for the palate, but their presence was enjoyed far more than all. The day passed very happil}', but toward evening, when the hour for sep- aration and parting came, pearly teare were welling from more eyes than belonged to fond mothers, wives, daughters, and sweethearts. On the 14th the Regiment was armed with the long Eniield rifle mus- ket, a gun of English manufacture, and eventually do- cideer Sth, v>'c had scarcely sta,rted from our bivouac on the Rolhng Fork of Salt River, when the distant thunder of artillery announced that a battle had begun, a few miles to the East of us, near Perryville. Gen. Bragg had suddenly halted in his retreat, and threw Ills whole force upon Wood's and McCook's Divisions, who were barely able to maintain their ground unti I reinforced. The other Divisions which had starts from Louisville on the Bardstown pike, and among then the 4t]i I)ivision, to which v/e belonged, were hurrie forward to extend the line c«f battle on the right o' KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN. ir^ the Divisions now hotly engagcil. About noon tlie lines of battle were formed on our right iiml left, and wo were each moment expecting that the engagement would become general. Such, however, was not Gen. JJragg's design, and he seemed to have his own way during the campaign. .Vll day long the battle, a few miles to our left, raged M-lth incessant fury, and thuufih lit'tv or sixty thousand men in the center and on the left were op[H)sed to a vastly inferior force, the ASTUTE General commanding, made no attempt to ad- vance or secure any atlvantago in this quarter. There was a smart skirmish in our front toward Miii^et, but wo were not destined yet to enter into a general engagement. 1 )uring the night, liragg havin<^> severely iiaiulled .McCook's Division, again continued Ids retreat, aiul in tiio morm'ng we pm-sued, nu.ving in line of battle all day, but finding no enemy to <»ppo8C our progress. j\Iarching in line of battle ia usually very slow, and always terribly tiresome, and when, as it was upon this occasion, the impression is fixed hi the minds of all, that an important advantage has been lost, that the commanding ctficer has been outgeneralled, the useless effort and exertion becomes f our arms in the partial engagement. On the morning of the 10th, we turned a little to the left and t<»ok the road from Perry ville toward Danville, and at night, were scut out on jiicket, where the eiiemy were directly in front, and sent back a shell or two, to notify us that they wouhl »'onte?t om* further advance that evening, it is related that an officer above the rank of (Ja[>tain, and a Sergeant of our Kegiment, came in contact, as both were trying t«jf 16 HISTORY 'OF THE EEGIMENT ■find shelter beliind tlie same stump, when the shells ^vere heard in the air ; but tor this story we canno! vouch. It was certainly very natural to seek sheltei at such a time, and could by no reasonable person bt considered indicative of a want of courage, yet thf mishap of the collision, occasioned no little mirth anc amusement. The night was rainy and disagreeable and the rain poured down most mercilessly all the next day, while vve held the same position, three milei from Danville. The whole army had come to a halt for it was said that Gen. Bragg, had thrown up strong fortifications at Camp Dick liobinson, and was await ing an attack at that point, only three or four milei distant from Danville. The next day, the 12th o1 October, is no doubt well remembered by the regiment as the day we marched twelve or fourteen miles on' and back again, and accomplished nothing. Afte^ another day's delay we marched through Danville and eueamped near Stanford — laid dov.'n weary at i ■o'clock in the eVening, to be roused up at 12 o't'loci and marched till morning — when there was a brie: pkirmish near Crab Orchaid, a few miles in advance o us, yet within hearing. .\.t daylight we halted, and afte; resting two hours, marched on qiate steadily all day passing through Crab Orchard about two o'clock, am Avere detailed for duty on picket again at night. W« . were thinking this rather severe, but the next morninj: we were still more unkindly h.andled; for we were no recalled from picket until the column was in motioi.' and had to march till near mid-day, before any op portunity was given to get breakfjist. In the vicinity of Danville, we had passed through a very line farm ing country, but nov/ we were entering upon th( rough hilly section along Rock Castle RivtU", and her< the enemy began to give us serious annoyance, bj felling trees across the r«ads, so th'^t the columi KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN. 17 eould proceed but slowly, constant ly skirmishing with the enemy, whom we now seemed to be pressing })rctty closely, and expected daily to overtake and force him into an engagement. On the 17 til we crossed llock Castle Ivivcr, and as-, cended what then seemed quite a mountain, known as "Wild Cat." The ascent was about three miles, and as brisk a skirmish wiis kept n]) while we toiled toward the summit, as had been through the rough country, for two days, previous. The same evening we went down the ridge on the opposite side ; almost, it was said, into an ambuscade-— came back lo the summit, and after dark, were sent hack, nearly to the ])lacc we had 1)ivouacked the night betbre, to guard the ammunition trains. We now began really to suffer from scant rations, and for the ensuing twenty days, this was the constant complaint. On the ll)th, we advanced ujxtn a road through the hilis, a}>pro}iriately named the "Winding Blades" to Nelson's Cross Roads, wlicre we rested for the night, having for our supper nothing but a small ration of poor beef, without salt — not even a cracker or cup, of coffee. From this point, tlie Kcgimcnt (with the Brigade) marched out toward ]\lanche.ster sixteen or seventeen nnles, and back the same dny, "Without a particle of food or a cup of coffee, until they returned late in the evening. Of course, under such privations and hardships as those, our Regiment wa' rapidly reduced in numbers. Veterans might and did etulure it much better, but it decimated the ranks of every new regiment on tlie campaign. From Nelson's Cross Roads, after resting a day, we returned to Rock Castle River — rested there two days, and then came back to ]\It. Vernon. We were now convinced Ihrit the campaign was closed, that the pursuit of ticn. P»ragg was abandoned, that he had reached Cumberland Gap, with the vast and 18 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. valuable stores and supplies, which he had secured in Kentucky. He had gathered the rich spoils, while the impotent Buell was' reorganizing the anny at Louisville: at Perryville he had given a detachment of our army a i^cvere i-epuise, while the main body was lying inactive, within hearing of the sound of the musketry; and after this masterl}'^ movement, it was found impossible to overtake him — and the v/hole campaign was a failure. Not a failure because tlie army was not full of vigor, energy and courage ; not because it was illy disciplined, or scanfly piovided for, but solely because the General commanding was dilatory and wholly incompetent, if not in league and correspondenc-e with the enemy. From ISit. Yernon we took the road to Somerset, and encamped the first night at Buck Creek. Early in the evening a cold, chilly rain. set in, and we made the best shelter we could of brush and our single blankets, and built large fires, but could not make ourselves comfortable. Before 10 o'clock a snow- storm set in, and by daylight, at least a foot of snow had fallen. Our men were scantly clothed, for the weather had been verj warm for a few days after leaving Louisville, and finding themselves overloaded, they had thrown away all except one suit, and many were now nearly barefooted, and Fome had been so unfortunate as to lose, or have their blankets stolen by the older regiments of the Brigade. We were the only new regiment in, the Brigade, and during the whole campaign, our ^'Ickdancy gave them frequent occasion for mirth and ridicule, and from our men, many were so unprincipled as to steal nearly every- thing, not actually fastened to their persons. We paid them in kind, before their term was out. But, this terrible morning, and tlie tedious march that day in snow, water, slush and mud to Somerset — we must ICENTUCKY CAMPAIGN. 1» vlcsj)air of iiiirly portraving its hardships to our read- ers, J5ut, -WG talked of Valley Forge and old revolu- tionary times, swallo"\ved a cup of eolfce and a few bits «tf "hard tack," and dragged on twelve tedious miles. 'The wind blew cold and lierce from the Korthwest, a.- we bivouacked late in the afternoon, :d>out t^vo mik-'s South of Somerset, and while bringing in our aniisful of cedar boughs to build a theller for the night, we noticed, as Ave had frequently during the day blood- stained foot])rints in the snow — blo<.>d from the sore and lacerated, and ahn(j£:t frozen feet of the S(.»ldiers, The next day scores Avero sent to the Hospital, some )iever to return to us again, many so worn down by fatigue and exposure that it required months of nurs- ing and care to render them again lit for duty in the raidcs. But after a day's rest, in which a few dozen pairs of shoes were procured, we pushed on toward Colum- bia, which we reached on the third day, .passing on the second day the battlefield of Mill Springs, where the rebel General Zollicotfer fell nearly u year before. At Columbia we i-ested two days, then took the road to Glasgow, which avc reached on the second day, liaving marcTicd twenty-4>ur miles the first and sixteen the second. And here again a large number Avere sent to Hospital at l^jwliug Green, Avliere many of them remained until the next Spring. At this point Adj.'t Charles E. Waters joined us, Avith about forty meuAvho had been lel't sick at Quiucy and Louisville. Here too, our teams came uj) bringing our tents and cam]) equipage, and having been Avell sup])hed Avith bl-ankets, shoes and stockings, Ave Averc able to jirotect ourselves from tlic Aveather, and sleep comlurtably, although the nights Avere cold and frosty. On the 8th day of November. Ave marched from GlasgOAv to- ward Gallatin about 25 miles, on the 10th crossed the State line, on the 12th passed through Gallatin and 20 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. crossed the Cumberland River at Gallatin Landing — ' on the 14th reached Silver Springs, Avhere wc remained nearly a week. On the 19th we passed by the Hermi- tas:e, and from the road could see the residence and grave of the Hero, Sage and Patriot, the immortal Jackson. Each Regiment spread its banner to the breeze in pass- ing, and loud calls were made for music by the soldiers ; but mus'cians about this time were, in army parlance ''played out." A few miles further on, we encamped near Stone River, and were within two miles of the IGth Regt. Ills. Vols., in which Ave had many old friends, with whom we talked over "old times," affairs at home, and our brief army experience, and for a few days enjoy- ed ourselves vastly. The next week we moved camp, seven or eight miles, and our wreck of a Regiment went into winter quarters about three miles Southeast of Nashville, on the Murfreesboro Pike. Yea, we had now but the wreck of a Regiment, we had left men at all the Hospitals by the wayside, all along the route, and now had about four hundred left out of nine hun- dred that started from Quincy, 111., who were able for duty. From the effects of this campaign, through Kentucky, our Regiment never recovered. It deprived ua of more men than any baftle in which we were en- gaged, it swept many into an early grave, it ruined the health of hundreds, but those who did endure its hard- ships v.'ere inured to the rc\igh life of a soldier, and were seldom afterward sick, or sore from hard marching. But what an irreparable loss had onr Regiment and ail other nev Regiments sustained, under command of Gen. Biiell, who by the army of the Ohio, was as Pope says of Cromwell, "Damned to everlasting fame." The diary of the author, kept during this campaign, contains many items and incidents that it would be pleasant to refer to and record, but ws fear that this KENTUCKY CAilPAIGN 21 niatory xi'iW prove tedious, abvi(lp;G anil conJcnsc as best wo may. Ecforo wo close, wo will endeavor to shoMr iho rtctanl loss of tho Ilo^imcnt, from the time wo left Loui.svl!]o, until we cncanipctl iiciir Nasliville. We will alao state tiie I033 of each company, in each battle and campaign, and the whole number of casuaiitics during the whole term of service. In closing tliij chapter wo cannot forbear mentioning the fact, that t'lrout^lioufc tlu3 memorable campaign our honored Colonel did all in hii power to lighten our burdens, to secure all the supplies that could be obtained and by his constant cheerfulnes3 and sympathy, T7on the aflection and admiration of* every man in the Ivogi- rnent. lie was to ur, not a severe a-ul rigid commander, but sceme.i an elder brother cni'.uring v^ith U3 all onx* hardships an«l privationn, never anxioJ3 on hi3 own ac- count, but always attcntivo to tin want3 of hii Iic^i' caeut. CHAPTKU ill. REORGANIZATION OF THE'aEMY — THE MARCH TO STONE EIVER AND DESCKIPTION OF THE BATTLE. About tho middle of November, Gen. "Bucll having made a completG failure of the Kentucky campaign, was superseded by Gen. Rosecrans. This announce- ment v/as received with shouts of joy throughout the whole army, for Gen. Buell had become very unpopular; yes, hated and despised by all under his command; and after the battle of Perry ville, as long as he had com- mand, the soldiers cursed him day hj day on the weari- some and profitless march. Almost as soon as General Rosecrans took command he orgaiiizo'd a Pioneer Brig- ade, which was made up of two or three men from each company of each llegiment in each division. This took from our Regiment about twenty-five men, and many of them were among the best we had. Gen. Rosecrans imm-ediately reorganized the araiy, and without chang- ing position, we wore informed that our Regiment was in the 3rd Brigade (Col. William Gross commanding), of the 2ad Division (Gen. Souey Smith commanding), of the 21st Army Corps, under command of Maj. Gen. Crittenden. The brass band which had been organized frith the Regiment wa^ no longer allowed to remain a regimental BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. band, but was detailc 1 as a brig:iJc band, ans • thoir quarters from tho Regiment to Brigaf Gen. Palmer's, Gen. Woods and Gen. Van Cleve's Divi.-^ions marched out on the Murfreosboro Pike, and were Ecarccly in motion before the rain began to fall, rendering the air damp r,nd chilly, and the roads muil'.ly and slippery. It wan curreutly reported that Gen. Th.mas and Gen. MeCook were moving on the NolansviUe Pike, which we event u- ally learned was correct. Gen. McCook's position was on the right, Gen. Thonaas' in the center and Gen. Crit- tenden's on the left. Gen. Palmer's division was in the latter, and the 3d Brigade to which wc belonged, was near the center of the cor{".s. Somelou I'lilea from Nashville the enemy's pickets were driven in, and a tiharp skirmish was continued till we. came in eight of 26 HIRTOEY OF THE.EEGIMENT. La.Ternnge, fifteen miles from NasKville, ivhere the enc^ ray made a stand. The 2d division was not engaged, and our brigade halted for the night, on the left of the pike, about three miles from town. It had rained all daj and continued a good part of the night. The nioining of the 27th was foggj, and very little advance was made until near noon. About this time the enemy was driven from the town, and the army ad- vanced along the pike steadil}'- skirmishing with the en- emy's cavalry. We halted for the night near Stew- art's Creek, some five miles from Lavergne, and ten miles from Murfreesboro. It had rained all the after- noon, and we thought we were having pretty rough weather for an offensive movement and campsiign. Just before sunset the dense clouds broke away in the West, and a double rainbow, very bright and beautiful spanned the sky in our front. A few centuries ago this might have been considered a glorious omen, but to men of this age, wet and weary with marching, it was simply a natural phenomenon, an object of remarkable beauty, beheld for a few moments, and speedily iorgotten. Our camp was on the very same ground of one so lately oc- cupied by the enemy that the fires were not yet out. The creek was about a mile in cur front, and after dark we could see the camp faes of the enemy across on the blafifs on the opposite side. On tlie morning of tiie 28ih we moved to the brow of the hill, half a mile from the creek, and formed ia line of battle, where Vve remained all day, Sunday, with the enemy's pickets in full view upon the opposite blufis. On the morriiug of the 29th, the SGth Indiana formed in a line of battle on oar right, and the Bt ij/;ade advanced, our left resting on the pike. We immediately waded the creek about waist Qf^ep, and advanced' along the pike in line of battle. — We heard heavy fkirmishirtg several miles to our right, and from this apprehended that the whole army was ic; BATTLE OF STONE KIVER. 27 Tnation. During this days march, in lino of batdc, our Brigade (3 1,) was arranged as follows : Mendenhall's (4th U. S.) Battery on the pike, 84th III3., 36th Ind. and 23d Kentucky in front line of battle; 6th and 24th Ohip in the second line of battle, some eighty or a hun- dred yards in our rear. Two companies of each advance regiment were four or five hundred yards ahead as skir- mishers, and three or four times during the day wore engaged, but as sojn a< a gun of the battery could gou into position the enemy fell back. At dusk wo were about two miles from Murfre33boro, and within about a mile of Stone's River, our Rigiment's left resting on the pike, our riglit in the olgeof a thick cedar grove, th? 3jtfi Indiana in the oe lird on our right and tne 23d Kentucky fell back on a lir\3 wi.h the 24th and 6th Ohio, a short distance incur rear. Immeliately in front of our Regiment was a cotton field of about forty ;icre3, at the south-cast corner of which a very l^rge brick bouse was burning when we camo up. It was reported that the en^my pet fire to the out-buildings to make room for a batt'^.ry and th 'hris^jaoiido-itally caught fire from them. The railroad from Na".hvillo runs a short dir^- tance to thj left of the pike, opposite where we lay, •and crovses the pike some sixty rods below the cotton Jisld; from th's intersection of the railroad and pike t • the river is about h;ilf a mile. The river is very crook- o>d, and the bond where the pike crosses is toe nearest point to Murfreeabf)ro. The railroad for a mile or more before its intersection with the pike, runs nearly para!- iol with the gonsral course of the river. On the raorninjT of the 30th, the Cth and 24th Obio iMk a position about ir)0 yards in our front and were F-kirmishing all day. On our right we heard constant skirmishing, occasionally artillery, and once in the af- "Jernoon quite an engagement took place. Wo then un- •derstood that Goi. McGo^k was getting his corps into pcsitlcn, and riov.lj tlrivirg nar('!ce's Ccips Iccki We had tvro rncn Avounded in skirmisliing on the 29lli r.nd on the 80th, the 6th and 24th Ohio lost sev- eral rcen The enemy had si line of shurpshoorers ly- ing behind the railroad in rifle pits, v.hich harrusscd our front line, and many a ball during the ciay Tvhistlcd through the lines of the 84th. We knew a great bat- tle was about to be fought, and the hoj& were anxious for the ball to open. On the morning of the 31st, the fecond brigade came up and relieved the Gth and 24th Ohio, and our brigade was retired about three hundred yards. At daylight the battle commenced on the extreme right of the army and gradually drew nearer, and part- ly to our rear as thou h the enemy were turning our right flank. About 8 1-2 or o'clock stragglers and runaways began to come from the right, who said their regiments and brigades vrcre all cut to pieces. It was now evident that the whole army had boon flanked dur- ing the night, and wo afterwards learned that General Johnson's division was surprised and cut to pieces, al- most without firing a gun. Our front was now changed to the west and we lay parallel with tlic Pike about seventy-five yards from it ; the Gth and 24th Ohio in our front, in very thick cedar woods. Kow cut of tho thick cedars came a host of fugitives from the brokea Corps on our right. Terrible flight ! hundreds, yes thousands of men, many of whom Iiad thrown away guns, cartridge-boxes and knapsacks, each locking as though death was at each moment expected, terror tho only expression upon their countenances, as through our lines they came, on a run or brisk walk, par.ting from fear and fatigue, and they cculd not, would net bo rallied. Soon the lie vy firing told that the enemy were sweeping all before them, and comicg directly upon us, from our new front and right. Each moment the BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 29 ■crowd of stragglers increased in number, each ir.oment the firing became more rapid and nearer to us, "Nearer, clearer, deadlier ihan bcTorc," tiil the advance regiments of our brigade, the Cth and 24th Oliio, Avcro engaged, and for a few minutes wo hoped thcv v.'ould be able to hold the thick cedar woods. They fought well a short time, but soon began to fall back. Tiicir officers tried in vain to rally them, but they were rapidly falling into confusion and were forced to fall back. Before they canwi our of llic woodts, cur regiment had laid down to bo out of range of tho show- er of ballo tliat whistled over and around us. On came the Gth and 24th Ohio Volunteers in f . 11 retreat. Our ofHcers joined in trying to rally the 24th, a part of which ])assed directly over our regiment, but could prc- yail upon but few to stop and fail in with us. They rallied and formed about fort}- yards, in our rear. Two batteries now opened, throwingshell and grape drcctly over US. Soon the enemy came out of the woods about three nr four hundred yards in our front. Our boya sprang up with a loud .shout and gave them a volley, t}»en laid down and loaded and fired at will. We were partly protected by a low Icdgo of rocks, and the wb.olo Xlcgimcnt firing as fast as tlioy could load, Avith tho help of tho batteries in a short time drove the enemy back into the woods, and eoon after their firing gradu- ally ceased. The leaden ehowor which liad fallen like b.s.il for at least an hour, stopped for a time, and wo liopod, alas, how vainlj' ! that tho foe was effectually repulsed. While wc were thus engaged, wo had been cxposod to a cross fire from a regiment of the enemy, who had advanced up the pike, on the left hand side. — Wc had several men wounded Tria'io in this position, but none killed. Shortly aficr tho cr.cmy were driven b:;ck, cur so HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT front ^ras changed by a left half-wheel, and we march- ed forward very nearly to the position we occupied on the 30th, and during the night. Across the uctton Held on the left hand side, (West) of the pike a iiegi- ment of the enemy had taken position, lying down ; and on our right, which was in the edge of the woods, we could see a heav}' force, apparently coming ^^por^ the Brigade from tlie right. Our Eegimcnt opened a hriak tire upon them as soon as it came into tnAc posi- tion, which told upon the Regiment across the pike, as we could easily see, but upon the heavy force me- nacing our rib'tit it had no apparent effect. In the courfie of the next lialf hovn% (Jol. Gross, command- ing the Brigade, retired the left of our Regiment to make room for a battery, which swept the advancing columns of the enemy as they charged up towards the cedar woods. The Regiments immediately on tlie riglit of ours, iired briskly for a while, and val- iantly maintained their position, but in the course of an hour began to fall back, which gave the cncn>Y a strong pcsition in the thick cedar woods, on our right-, and nov/ the balls came upon us in a perfect shower from that direction. Our Regiment was now terribly oxposed, especially on the extreme i"ight, for the ene- my were coming in upon us through the thick cedars, giving us a perfectly enfilading fire. After enduring in this position a most withering and destructive fire for 8omo tirnx, perhaps an hour, and when the enemy were within about si.xt}' yards, the right of the Regi- ment was retired so as to front the enemy, and now ngain fought desperately, every man working as though liis life depended upon his own exertions. The encivy, ip. spite of our exertions, continued to advance, and were gradually turning our left flank, which seemed to be entirely unsupported or covered. BATTLE or STONE KIVER. :;1 when our Regiment was again retired to a low ledge of rocks, about a hundred yards West ot'^lie pike, nnd here we fought nearly an hour longer. The *'Jjoard of Trade" battery was all the while throwing sliell, grajHf and canister over our right, and Menden- hair.H battery over our left, s\vee])ing trees, under- brush, and the advancing enemy down at each dis- <'harge. The enemy was pouring in upon us a most galling lire as we lay in this position, the balls falling like hail in a heavy storm. At last, when we had been the only Keginient West of the pike for nearly an hour, the order came to retire, which was heard and obeyed by the left and centre, and afterwards the companies on the right followed across the pike, and liien the railroad. The Regiment was in considerable confusion v/hile falling back, from the fact that both wings had been severally retired, and the left and cen- tre iiad the start of the right in executing the ma- neuver. The lioard of Trade batteiy saved us very much, Jis we were falling back, and the otHcers and men of that s])Iendid battery deserve great credit for the pertinacity witii which they held their position by the railroad. Oar great loss was at the ledge of rock j near the pike, and in falling back to the railroad, liere twenty-live of our Regiment fell dead, and scores were wounded. At and near the railroad a considerable portion of Gen. J'almer's l>ivision had by this time rallied, and pre.-?eating a solid front, j)0ured in a terrible galling lire upon the enemy -nho were struggling n^adly forward acro>s the parti-dly open held between the cedar.; and the railroad. Soon the enemy began to find the lire too hot for thorn. and shortly after we fell back across the railroad, they retired into the woods. Our Regiment rallied on the VVcot .side of th.e railroad where thcv were under iv.a S2 IiISTOEY OF THE BEGIMENT. from one of the enem3^'s batteries, planted on theoppo- site sidet^f the river; so ^ve were marched back some distance, probably a mile northwest, into the v/oods, where we stacked arms, and rested, after nearly eIx hours of incessant exertion. Tears coursed dovrn the cheeks of our brave Col- onel when he counted only one hundred and tliirteen i^uns m the stacks, and not a few cheeks that had not blanched in battle, were moistened with manly tears. Each survivor had lo&t comrades and friends, and several found near and dear kinsmen and brothers miseing. But not all who v^-ere then and there absent were to be counted amohg the ten thousand killed and wounded on that terrible day of carnage and slaughter. Some were assisting their \\ ounded friends from the iield, and some were vrandering about trying to lind the balance of the Hegimcnt. It was novv' late in the afternoon, and the battle Vv'as still liercely raging, but the arrangement of troops was such that our services were not required, in the frontline. "VVe had been ih the heat of the engagement for six terri- ble hours, and the Eegiment was more than decimat- ed, but the actual loss v/e could not then determine* The very decisive stand made by our Brigade and Di- vision seems to have turned the tide of battle. Other Divisions rapidly came to the assistance of Gen. Pal- mer's LMvision, a.nd the enemy was driven back a con- siderable distance towards the river that evening, and, there held in cheek. yibout dusk we moved still further back from the xaiiroad, refreshed ourselves with Kuch rations as we }."iad bro'jgh.t ofi' from the encounter, and v^lien night came on stiif and exhausted from theVlay's chbrt, we laid down to sleep and rest, tliinking of the old stanza, BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 33; "Tho bij:!c>? snng (rurc, the night clouds ha^l lovrcrcJ Thj seiiliiicl stars scl tlicir waL a i i ilio !.kyt Aii.l ttiou.-'aiids l>:r.l sunk to 1 1 • grinjuvl oveipa.vcretl Tho weary loskop, and llie wju.iucd lo dio." Al:i3l how many were dying, every hour cf that long, chilly coiiilbrtless iiiglit ; v.lio can describe tho horii!)!e biificrings of the tlioncand.j wlio were lying wounded on the field V AVi'h those who had escape J unicatiiod, it was a severe night, for we were so situ- ated tliat tire could not be allowed, and- lying on tho fiozea ground, with few blaidccts t )• cover iia, wo coilid only chill, shiver and ache witii cold. Tlie ncMt day, January 1st, 1SG3, but little fighting \va3 done, though there was a great deal of maneuv- ering for poiitijn, and Konrj heavy carinouading. Our liegiin'jnt remained West of tlu railroad near tho river, all day, and were not engaged. The wounded were being collected at hxpo.-5ito where wo had tho hard tight on Wednesday, ajid' advanced a short distance toward !Murfree.-b()ro ; and our Brig- ade was ordered to croi,, anJtakj position in re;;erve or t-) support thc:n. Afcjr c;*oising, Gju. Van Clcve'i) Divi.siDii moved in a }::)j;ith'3.i>t;erly direction, and our Brigade coniir.ander arranged the Brigade in two liuci of battle f.-onting ^-loithwert and North, and then "about fa-jsi '' c.v\\ R^gimant — -.j that tho left 01 tho o4th Tl., rooted on the bhilf next to tlie river, and Ihe rig'it extend J I out across the hill, v;horo it joined the bth Oliio — tho other Jleginients wh\)n "about fa-:;jA" fronte I iij.u-ly i-Jnith almost at right angle.-, wit'n theforognng. Wo mention these pOditiou3 thuj a^eurately boji isc w.) have heard or read of no siniilK-ly s.ujacd.'J milita/y movement or Qond.io', uulojd it, be tin: of Uen. riilo./ in di^^ging 34 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. Lis famous ditch, at Comargo, during the Mexican war. No sooner had Gen. Vau Cleve's Divibion made a slight advance, than it was attacked by Gen. Breck- inridge with live Brigades of infantry, some artillery nnd a heavy force of cavalry. Van Cleve's Bivifcion fought bravely a short time and then fell back, Brig- ade by Brigade, lobing most of their artillery — pait of it crossing the river where our main force lay. — Out of the woods into the open fields in our front, when we had "about faced," they came, in the greatest possible confusion. The whole division was in full retreat, and apparently taking one of those terrible stampedes which any troops will, when routed and pressed by the enemy. Each man seemed to be looking out only for himself, and making every possi- ble eftbrt to get out of danger. Out of the woods, pursuing them came the Brigades of the enemy in most splendid lines of battle, their colors flying and apparently secure of an easy and complete victory. The 3rd Bi"ig"ide had made a slight breastwork of logs, etc., behind which it was lying, and not a shot was fired until the enemy was within about three hundred yards. Then the 84th 111., and 6th Ohio raised with a yell and gave them a volley, then loaded and fired at will. The balance of the Brigade (24th Ohio, 3(3th Ind., and 23rd Ky.,) fell back in consid- erable confusion, perhaps owing to the fact that thev had lost most of their field ofiicers on Wednesday. Soon the several batteries massed by order of Gen. Rosecrans, on the opposite bank of the river began to pour a heavy fire into the enemy. At our first vol- ley the enemy wavered, and soon began to fall back. The 84th 111. and Ctli Ohio now sprang over their breast works with a yell that was heard three miles, and charged on the enemy, wlio were soon in full re- treat. We advanced but a short distance at first. BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 35 foaring to expose the wcikness of the reserve, but in a tew minutes tlio balance of the brigade rallied as !il.-,o did Van Cleve'6 Division, and alter the enemy ihey went, into the woods, retaking the batteries lost, and one gun of the famous Washington battery of the enemy. The loss of the enemy in the open Held and woods was immense. "We wore over the Held iu the evening and the dead were lying in heaps, and hundreds of wounded were on every side. Ihe oitli getting short of ammunition, pursued the enemy oidy half a mile in the woods, and then retired to their breastworks, and remained tliere during the night. — We had one killed, thi-ee severely and several slightly wounded in this day's battle, and in the even- ing all were in line spirits ; the reverse of Wednes- day was scarcely remembered in view of the brilliant success of to-day, which had virtually decided the battle <.f Stone River. On Saturday tJierc was little lighting done, some cannonading at intervals during the day, and a sharp engagement about dark, in which a regiment or two drove the enemy out of the front line of their in- trcnc-hnients. Sunday the enemy were evidently withdrawing, and our advance entered ^luvfreesboro about four o'clock. Our regiment remained near the battle-lield until the 7th. On Monday those who fell on the Held were buried, and their graves fenced in with logs and numbered so that they could be identi- tied for years. Our wounded were by this time C(>1- Ici'tod at one hospital, where there were unfortunate- ly few preparations for their comfort. The condition of the woundod during this great' battle was deplorable. On the morning of January 1st, 18(3.'}. we as.sisted in gathering together at one of tiie field hospitals, all the wounded of the Regiment, where their wounds were attended to bv Assi-tan« 3G IlISTOHY 07 TIIH EEGIMENT. Siirg3on BIcDill, a3sioted bj Lieut. Alex. P. Nelson cf company K, wlio, being a meniber of the medical profeosion, was detailed tor duty, in the absence of JJargeons Kjla and. Marshall, who were sick or on duty in hospital. But when we had collected all these suiiering men, at the Division hospitals we were unable to procure tents to shelter one t^iitli of them ; nearly all for two or three days liad to lie ont of doors, upon the damp ground, covered only with blankets, and having a good lire at their feet. Aa rapidly as possible tiiey were sent to the hospitals at Nashville, but suiiering as they were, the torture was most excruciating, as thoy roJo twenty-six rniles in array wagon3. On the 4th of January w^e visited the general held hospital, where the vast amount of pain and suhcring made us truly "sick and sore at heart." Hero were acres of ground covered with hospital tents, all of which were full of wounded men, nearly four thousand in all, and wounded in every possibla manner. There were probably a hundred brave men dying dai'y at these hospitals. tSucli is war ! but wo cannot describe its horrors. This being the iirst engagement in which v.-o en- gaged, it cannot be am.iis to notice the conduct cf of- iicer3 and men more particularly: Oar Colonel exhibited the greatest coolness and bravery during tlie whole action. On Wednesday ho isat on his horse in the thickest of tlie light, watching every movement, and no more excited than thC'W>;-i engaged in an ordinary lav/suit. V/hen brave Geo. Yocum fell. Col. Waters ruslie I to tho spot, seized the colors, and brought tliem from tho fioiJ. In tha fight on I'jiday iio was tho iirst to leap tha breast- work and lead the charge, and whi'o so dt ing a ball passed througli hia hat, doing no i'lj'iry waatsver, and this v/aa but one of several narrov/eicapeadnrinv^ BATIXE OF STONE liWKll. :i7 the battle. Our Lieut. Col., like the Colonel, wa.i brave and ever at his post, ile was knocked iVwrn hiri horse by a shot, ^vbi('h would have pierced hi.s heart had it not been tor the Bteel plates in hi.3 vest. He was bruised by the fall as well as by the bullet, and did not recover irom these injuries while in the servieo. Mnjor Morton, too. was ever present, cool, calm and collected in the jnoments of greatest peril. He had one horse killed and one badly wounded un- der him on the 31st ult., and was slightly wounded in the left knee. The officers of the line, without ex- ception, proved themselves not only calm and coura- geous men, but brave* and intrepid officers. Lieuten- ants Ball and Abercrombie, of co. H, both younpj men of fine talent and brilliant promise, wore instant- ly killed. Capt. Da^'is, of co. D, was so severely wounded that he survive*:: but a few days, and I-ieu tenants Scott, Wisdom, i'rost, Mills and Roberts, were severely wounded. The splendid conduct of the l^egiment while under fire, astonished the old Regi- ments of the Brigade, and the S4th received not a i"o\v 1.. oiiicers of high rank who wit- Tic-t. : It was our first battle, and yet tiie ihe positions assigned to it, more r-^.v. ue veteran Kegiraents which surrounded . j secured the hard earned rep- utation of a '.zgx-ijn^- iiegiment," and was from this time forward; conadored one of the most reliable KcgiicsntG in the Bar vice. VVe should probab^y mention the only mersber of our non-commiseior.ed Staff on the field, Serg*. Maj. Frieroon who-vas uhis post in each day's fight, doing hj3 whole duty. Lieut. Joseph Nelson, who at this time was acting Regimental Quartermaster, (Lieut. Roe having re- jpigned, IT:v 18) deservej* much credit for his inces- 38 HISTOKY OF THE HEGlMlvXT. Bant exertions in bringing up supplies ; by rimninf;- Ms wagon trains day aiid night, he was able to keep the Keginient as well supplied with rations as they were when in campo Our enth'e Iosb in this battle as entered on the Reg- imental Records, [Bee Part IIJ, was as follows : .Killed on the field 35 Severely Wounded 114 Taken Prisoners 8 Total .155 ■ Thirty-one out of the one hundred and fourteen wounded, died of their wounds. Besides these there were at least forty others, slightly and very slightly wounded, who were not reported.^ Indeed, there vv^ere very few men who did not carry from the field, some mark of the deadly Minnie upon their persons or clothing. In proportion to the num- ber of men engaged, we probably lost more heavily than any Regiment in the Division, and perhaps in the army — and by vahant service on this memorable occasion &ecui*ed a 2;lonous remitation.. i ; rii \]nT.u IV. \^fp Ni:,\i; MruiiMj.sBOUo, juiiauinc, «coltting, etc. I'"'ir several days after the battle of Stone Itiver. the whole army that had tak'eii part in this teiTibly bloody engagement remained near the battle iield.^ \11 were needing re^t, for the exertions of both ofti- • •crs and men had been extremely fatiguing, l)ut situ- ated as the urmy Avas?, without tents, with a very scanty snjtply of blankets, at midwinter: even in this thickly timbered (!onntrv we could not pass the nights comfortably, now that the excitement of action had subsided. i>nring the battle, night after night no ires were permitted. 'Fhe officers and men worn out tiy the labors of the day, would lie down and sleep till chilled through, ;ind often wet through by the cold i-ain, then walk and run till waiined by exercise But now the battle was over and each day we were ..nticipating an advance in pursuit of the enemy, who 7! ad fallen back to 'J'ullahoma, or orders to 'Jc int<^ winter quarters. On the morning o\ the 7th of January, the ;-'n'i Divitiion was ordcreil to march, and slowly njoved out from the thick woods, >.'orthwest of the battlefield of L*ecemberi)l«t. and pa-^eed directly by it. on thero^d 40 HISTORY OF THE llEGIMENT. to I\Iurfreesboro. We crossed the river about a mile Northwest of the town, and between the river and town noticed the broad fields, where the enemy had a few days before been encamped. ^lany of their chim- neys were still standing, from which it was evident, that they had been built to last for the Winter. Pass- ing through Murfreesboro where all the public build- ings, and many private residences, had been converted mto hospitals, in which the enemy had been compell- ed to leave hundreds of their wounded — we took the pike leading towards McMinnville. After marching out about three miles the division encamped, and our Regiment yvm detailed for grand guard or picket. — On the next day w^e were relieved and found, on re- turning from picket, that the brigade had gone into camp, and was expecting to remain some time. Our teams had during the day come up from Nashville, bringing most of our tents and baggage, and v/ith them came a score of men. w^ho had been sent to Convalescent camp when we started out for the fight. The ensuing day was passed in hard work, cleaning up camp, building chimneys, &c., and about 4 o'clock, p. m., the whole brigade was moved some two miles to the Northwest, and again encamped near the Leb- anon pike, in a thick grove. The succeeding two weeks passed without incidents of special interest. We were in the midst of mate- rial for building log houses and shanties, but not yet having learned this material portion of the great art, o^f making life iu the army not only endurable, but agreeable, we built no Jiouses but contented ourselves wiih the old Sibley tents, which were subsequently thrown aside as murderous, and totally untit for white men to live in. AJmost day by day, those who had fallen sttJk on the Kentucky campaign and at Nash- ville v/ere rojoining^ u.s-, so that the decimated ranks FORAGING, SCOUTING, adyville, -where ihe 1st and 2nd Brigades of the 2d Division were encamped. On the 24th the whole di- visicri ulvanced oa Woodbury, eight miles distant, from .vhich the enemy were driven after a brief skir- mish, and the division returned late the same evening to the vicinity of Iteadyville. Here our brigade re- mained until 4 o'clock p. m. of the next day, when ^he order came to return to camp near ]\Iurfreesboro, which we reached about 7 o'clock p. m., having made ai)out half the distance on the "double quick," while tha rain wji* pouring down in torrents. About this time the report of Col. Grosie upon the battle of Stone River was published, and elicited no little angry feeling in our llegiment. We thought '.hen, and still think that he did us gross (Grose) in- justice. He complimented all the regiments of liis brigade for their valor, and closed by saying that the new regiments (ours was the only new regiment in the brigade) seemed to vie with the old, ttc., tfec, — when we claimed, and to this day stand ready to prove, that we withstood tlie furious charges of the enemy more firmly, and maintained our positions more tenaciously, than any other regiment in the Brig- ade. I'or some time before the battle. i'-A. Grase and (_'ol. Waters had not btcn on very friendly terms ; in fact, on the Kentucky campaign eome hostility of feeling was engendered between them, which only 42 HiSTOEY OF THE EEOlMENT. ended by reparalion at. the close of the v/ar, and at the time above mentioned and frequently thereaftei- proved not only an annoyance, but an actual injury to the Regiment, giving it severer duty and depriving it of its just deserts. But of this anon. This was a season in which rumors and reports were constantly pervading camp, one of the most amusing of which was that our Regiment was shortly to be mounted on donkeys, for outpost and scouting duty. On the 28th day of .January, the Regiment was de- tailed to work on the extensive fortifications, whicii were then being erected Northwest of the town of ^lurfreesboro. The weather was rainy, windy, and excessively cold; and double rations of whiskey hav- ing been served out, there were not a few amusing incidents transpired "in the shanks in the evening."' Some men who had never before been known to taste liquor, came to camp seeing double and marching mightily cross-legged. Who was it that found the "rolling-pin?" On the.-ilst of January, the Regiment wjik detailed to guard a wagon train to and from Nashville, (from which place up to this time we had drawn all our sup- plies in wagons,) and marched through the same day. The next day, while the trains were being loaded, the officers and men had an opportunity to see their sick and wounded friends in the hospitals. The wounded of our Regiment were not recovering as rap- idly as might have been expected, the effects of the fall campaign still lingered in. their systems, and hav- ing been deprived of vegetable diet for months before they were wounded, there were many cases of erysip- elas and gangrened wounds. On the 3rd day of February (•(^1. AVaters I'cturneLii from home, where he had made but a vorv brief stay. FUKAUlNCi, ►SCOUTlNd, vti. i;; Slid brought the very gratifying intelligence, that the 84th had been heard of in our o\ui 8tute ; that :it home it was appreciated, if it could not be by our Jirigade Commander. The next day the Regiment returned from Nashville, having had a rather un- pleasant trij), for the weather had been severely cold the last two days they were out. As soon as Col. Waters returned, he directed elcc tions to be held to iill the vacancies, occasioned by ^- ignations. (.'aptain Davis, of company D, had died o\' wounds received at Stone River; 1st Lieut. Adams was ])romotcd to Captain; 2nd Lieut. Scoggan to 1st Lieut., and Sergeant 11. 13. Miller was elected 2nd Lieutenant. Lieut. Kendrick, of com]jany 1, died in hospital at JJowling (ii-eeii, Ky., in November, and Q. M. Sergeant A. 8. I^b*J)owell having been elected 2nd Lieut., had connnand of the company through ihe battle, as Capt. Griffith and 1st Lieut. Scott were both in hos])ital. when we marched from Nashville. ('aj)tain Critlith having resigned, Lieut. McDowell was now promoted to the Ca])taincy. Company 11 had been })articularly unfortunate in battle, 1st Lieut. Hall and 2nd Tiieut. Abercrombic having been killed on the field, private Peter McLain was now elected 1st Lieutenant and (jor])oral J. N. White 2nd Jjieu- tenant, to Iill these vattancies. While speaking of })ro- motions, we may here mention the fact that 2d Lieut, .lames A. Russell, of company 13, had been promoted lo 1st Lieutenant and Regimental Quartermaster be- fore we left Nashville: but being on duty as Brigade ComnjissaiT at the time, did not enter upon the duties i)f his oftice until .January 1, 1868. Sergeant Dil- worth had been promoted to 2d Lieut, of company R, and this we believe concludes the list of commis- jioned ollicers up to March 1, 1803. Early in Feb- 4^: HISTOEY OF TBJt^ REGIMENT. riiary i'lie question was started, and not a little agitat- ed, us to seniority, or in common parlance who was the ranking Captain of the Regiment ; a question of niuch importance in case of the absence or inabihty of the Colonel, Lieut. CoL and Major : but the question \\'i,i not settled till several months after, when Capt. iorvin, whose claims were advocated by many (includ- ing the author), did not receive the honor justly merit- ed, by organizing the first company for the Regiment. On the 8th day of February, the Regiment was or- dered out to guard a foraging train, and had a very severe day's workj marching out fourteen miles, load- ing a large train and guarding it to camp. Though the Regiment had recruited very much since the bat- tle, there were in February a great many sick, and as each company had only one wall and two Sibley tents, we cannot think it remarkable that many should have suffered from living in such close quarters. On the lOth of February, the rifle pits in front of our camps were commenced, and for several day& heavy details were made for this duty. Still there were many (there always is), who remained in camp, but they are seldom idle. At this particular time, about three-fourths of the whole Regiment were de- voting their leisure hours to making rings, shields, ete., out of the beautiful white muscle shells, which were found in the shoals and on the banks of Stone River. Many of these articles, manufactured in camp, no doubt speedily found their way to the homes of the makers, and will long be preserved as mementoes,- as keepsakes from the hands of a battle-tried soldier; On the 20th of February, another of those hard days marches was made with o foraging train; The* Regiment this time went back towards Nashville, and after crossing Stewart's creek, turned to the left in the neighborhood of Smyrna., sixteen miles froui IXJRAGING, SCOUTING, &t. ^C* <>smp, there loaded their train, and returned to camp the same night. On the 22d of February, Gen. Rosecrans issued a very patriotic and complimentary order, and directed that a battery from each Division fire a salute. The 4th U. S. battery attached to our brigade, executed the order in tine style about sunset. About this time Gen. Rosecrans also issued his order, directing the se- lection in each company of each Regiment, of the men who had particularly distinguished tiiomselves in the recent engagement, directing tliut tlicir namch should be entered upon a roll, to l)c kn^nvn as iho "roll of honor." The selection in our Regiment was promptly made, but the result seems to have been lost from the Regimentid records, and we regret our inability to give the iiames of the soldiers, which were placed upon the roll. We will state in passing, thai, if was the design of Gen. Rusecrans to organize the men, thus designated into battalions, for special duty in scouting, etc., but this design wms snbset}uentl\ field iinjtracticablc by the War [.)epartinont, and tlii-. "roll of hofior" was almost if not entirely forgotten, tie the close of the war. On the 24t,h of February, the Regiment drew n ration of soft bread, that is, ordinary baker's bread, tlic tirst that, we had seen hince we crossed rhc Ohio river. During the month of February, most vl' tlie officers of the Regiment were very busy makitig jo man any- thing. (.hi this same day, (March 4th,) Sergt. Edson, J, C Waters, and several others who had been severely wounded, rejoined us alilo for duty. These were the iirst of our wounded, who had returned from hospital since the battle. At least two thirds of those who were severely wounded, never rejoined us afterward; many were assigned to duty in hospitals, many were discharged, and a few were so unfortunate as subse- 'luently to be tra.nsferred to the Veteran Reserve,, or invalid Corps. From the fact, that men who disliked hard work, or would flinch m the hour of trial and danger, had on one pretext and another obtained transfers to this Corps ; it became very unpopular with men at the front, and members of it were generally designated as "Condemned Yankees.'' On the sixth day of March, the author in company M'ith Uncle Chauncy Case, (the oldest man in the Reg- iment), and J. G. Waters, visited the battle field of Stone River. We noted particularly the positions of both armies, and especially the positions held and so ]>ertinaciously maintained ]>y our RegimxCnt, during that day of carnage, commotion and slaughter, De- cem.ber .31st 1862. Though more than two months had elapsed, there was abundance of mementoes of the tci-rible conflict, in the split and shivered trees, the barked and bruised underbrush, the fragments of shells and more than all the flattened " minnie balls," wliich we could gather up by scores, anywhere over many broad acres. The field of the battle of .Janua- ry 2d, did not furnish nearlv so manv indications of FORAGING, SCOUTING &c. 47 the reoont deadly Rtrugle, but at tlie ford of Stone Kivfti-, where the Regiment crossed tliree times durino- the battle, we found many "mirmies" among the beautiful sheik. We seeured a lot memoriali^, and on our retui-n towards eamp, went to each of the strong- positions taken by the defeated army; thence to the strong forts and breastworks, at this time nearly com- pleted under the direction of Gen. Rosecrans, which have been the means of Jcoeping Mnrfreesboro in our possession, ever since it was gained l)y the great bat- tle of Stone River, by the blood ;md livo-^of thousand-i of brave, noble and patriotic men. CHAPTEla V. '€AMP NEAR MUEFKEESBORO, A:ND AT C'RilPrtJE CilEl^K, TENNESSEE. On the 23d of March 1863, we again moved camp and took position only about a mile from the town of Murfeesboro. Col. L. H. Waters was now in com- mand of the Brigade, in the absence of Co!. Grose, Avho'was at home on leave of' absence. The Colonel selected a fine high dry location and arranged the cam'p^'of the Brigade in two lines, about two hundred y^ds distant from each other. A few days were oc- cupied in putting our new camp in order, for the field selected had been last planted in corn, a,nd now had to be leveled, and the stalks carried off and burnt; but soon no were sweeping it off every mor«»ng, and keeping it level, smooth and de&nly. While in this camp, many men of our Regiment were the happy recipients of boxes of good things, sach as butter, dried fruit, pick- le.", onions, etc, etc. from home. At the former camp as well as here the drill by battalion and brigade was most vigorously cor - hnuod, and our Regiment could now in almost any maneuver compare very favorably, with the beet drill- 'ed regiments of our division. We continue*! to ui»e our . old, unhealthy, Sibley LIFE IN CAMP. -iS tents, until the 26th of March, when a large lot of new shelter tentH were issued ; and before the end of the month, all the Siblc^t tents, and the wall tents except one for each company, and four for the use of the field and staff of each regiment, were turned over and sent away. Not a liltle grumbling wa* there throughout the camp, when this new kind of tents wer*; intoduced. Thry almost instantly received the name of "purp" tents, which was long retained. In a few days howew- er, the men began to find that they could be much more comfortable in these tents than in the old ones. Each mess of four, could have a snug little ehanty of of their own, covered by these small tents, and within u. month alf were perfectly satisfied, that they were u great improvement on the Sihloy. From this time the health of the Regiment improved rapidly, and to this change of tents, ^.vc doubt not, it may be fairly attributed. About the 28th we again marched out to Cripple Creek, and remained two days awaiting an attack, but the enemy were only reconnoitering, so. after testing our lines they retired, and our Brigade returned to camp. During the last days of the month, we had one officer and twenty-two men detailed for duty on picket each day, and one hundred and forty men to work on a new line of fortifications, which were now being erected about a mile and a half cast of the town. Early in this month, it had been proposed to present our honored and beloved Colonel with a fine sword, and within two hours after the subscription was started, more than a hundred dollars were Subscribed, the men giving from twenty. five cents to a dollar each. Capt. Erviu having an opportunity to purchase the proposed present while on his way home on leave of absence, was the Agent of the Regiment in procuring it, and when he returned on the evening of ^larch 31st, it was at once proposed to make the presentation. By the 50 HISTORY OF THE REGIME^'T. next evening, all our preparations "were completed, to make the presentation immediately after dress parade. We had succeeded in lieeping the scheme a secret from the Colonel, and this evening invited him to attend dress parade. He was a little surprised that the brass band of the brigade should also be in attendance. As soon as this was over, the Regiment was drawn up in a hollow square, and the band played "The Battle Cry v>f Freedom" splendidly. The author had been se- lected to make the presentation address, and at its close, had the honor of placing in the hands of Col. Waters, the beautiful memento of his Regiment's es- teem, respect, love and admiration. The sword was valued at one hundred and Mty dollars. The blade was of very fine quality, the scabbard heavily gilt, V7ith pearl mountings or settings! Verily he may con- aider it one of his brightest laurels, and we doubt not it will be an heirloom in his family for many genera- tions. On receiving it, lie responded in his usual hap- py style, and drew tears, and in turn cheers loud and long from the assembled Regiment, his companions in trials, privations,, hardships and the deadly conflict, where the reaper Death, gathered his awful harvest. During the first week of April, we again marched with the Brigade to Woodbury, where we met the ene- my's pickets and drove them back after a brief skir- mish, then fell back a mile or two behind a hill and waited for a attack. Our Regiment was left alone during the night, the remainder of the Brigade going still further to the rear, but in easy supporting distance, in case assistance was needed. But the enemy did not advance,and Iti the morning the brigade marched through the town of Woodbury, then turning to the left, marched up the valley of Stone river seven or eight miles toward Short mountain. The valley was narrow and the road crossed the river very frequently. We had to wade Jt twenty-one times m going out ten roiles froia town^ m-E IN CA^rp. 51 and as many in returning to camp. The march was tedious, and not only tbis, but beinj^ so frequently in liie water, almost every aian in the Regiment returned n-ith badly blistered feet. Tha cavalry advanced still liirther into the country, and brought in two rebel sut- Irri with their wagons loaded with tobacoo. Thanks (o Gen. Palmer ! we had a share of this capture, with- ■tilt price, a few days later. The next day, April Tth, wc marched about six miles back toward Jleadyville, and then turned tjouth up Locke creek, eight miles to Bradyville, where we halted an hour for dinner, then started on the roughest pike jn America, toward Murfrecsboro. ^Ve had gone but two or three miles, when our reat guanl was attacked by the enemy, but it was only a single dash by a small force of the enemy's cavalry, and they were gone be- fore the'S4th could "double-quick" to the support of the regiment attacked. The battalion of cavalry which liad accompanied us on the scout, were to have met our brigade at Bradyville, and failing to do so or come up, we halted for the night some four or five miles from Bradyville, fully believing that they were captured, and that the enemy would next try to "take in" our email brigade ; but morning came, and we proceeded to camp, where we learned that the cavalry were safe at Readyville, when we expected them at Bradyville. — The mistake having grown out of the similarity of the names of these places. We had known something of bli;^tt) ed feet in Ken- tucky, and on marches with trains, but this short trip oame nearer taking "all the hide off at once," as we heard a soldier remark, than any we hnd before under- taken. On the evening of April 8th Jos. towed by the nation, upon the victorious. Early in June, nearly every preparation for a cam- paign was completed, and we were unable to compre- hend the cause of our delay. However, we were in :\ very pleasant camp, and wc were very fortunately siiuated in respect to rations; for besides the usual ra- tions issued, we were able to barter coftec, sugar, salt, rtc., for vegetables, butter and eggs, which were brought 10 our lines daily by scores of women. The trade in these articles was lively, and almost every day a large number of men went to the picket posts to exchange u portion of their rations for these farm products. Ah, yo«!, Ave had almost forgotten one of the most imortant ■irliclos of Iraflic — snuff, which we were surprised to Jearn was eagerly sought by the fair ladies of the South, to be "dipped" with a brush or a sticK chewed to re- semble one. Man}', but we are happy to state, not all the ladies (»f the K^outh are addicted to the filthy and disgusting habit of '-snuff dipping." On .Tune 23d 18Go, wc were called upon to witness the only militry execution that ever took place in our Division. The whole Division was assembled, and u deserter, who hail been the third time convicted, was narched back and forth through the entire command, then placed next to a HiQC\^ hillside, upon his coffin and shot dead. He was (|uito young, had been guilty cf many misdemeanors, and bore upon his countenance the marks of dissipation. His manner while loarchinj; was careless, almost reckless, and he met his fate with a real soldier's indifference and 6toici>?m. He was a member of the Ist Ky. Vols. The evening after the execution,' wc received orders to Diarch at 7 o'ck'ck a. la. ihc next iDorningj and wo OG I HISTOKY OF THE EEGIMENTj fcooi"! learned that iho -vvliole army would by different roaoJB advance towards Tullalioma. CHAPTER VI. THE ADVANCE TO TULLAHOMA AND EI.K RIVER. The long expected order to iiiarcli was at lencrth re- ceived. Inunediately the Surgeon's call sounded, and all who did not think themselves able to niarcli, assembled in front of the Surgeon's quarters. Upon his certificate the could march back to convalescent camp near ^Iiniree.sboro, but if he decided that they Mere tit for duty, they nuist go forward. It wass worthy of remark at this time, that some of the men who came up for examination were apparently the most robust and healthy, of any to be found in the llcgiment. Not all who came to the Surgeon's tent, obtained a pass to the rear. On the morning of June 24th, 18GH, the abvance from the vicinity of Mur- freesboro commenced. Our Regiment was detailed as rear guard of the Division, and this placed us in the rear of the wagon trains. We were hardly upon the road, betbre a hca^■y rain set in, whicli (\)ntinucd ahwost without interruption that day and niglit ; yea, for more than two weeks. We marched nearly south from our camp on Cripjile Creek, to strike the pike from 3Iui-freesboro to Readyvillc: and in so doing followed an old woods or ncighboi-liood road, which, after a few hours of incessant rain become almost im- 58 HISTORY OF THE REGIjMENT. passible. Tlie artillery cut it up so that tlic wagon trains found it impossible to pass, until new routes ViTcre selected and cut out through the woods. Wo had started with full baggage, having seven teams to each regiment, but before night all the teams of the Division were found to be overloaded, many wagons ivej'e broken down, and considerable baggage aban- doned. Our Division trains reached the pike about dark, and the Regiment bivouacked at 10 o'clock p. ;ti. about half a mile south of Brady ville. We now learned that the whole corps (21st) under command of Maj. Gen. Crittenden, had halted for the night in and around Bradyville ; and that this corps was to advance directly on ]\Ianchester, -ohilo Gen. Thomas' (14th) and Gen. McCooks' (20th) Corps took the direct road to Tallahoma, via Hoover's and Liberty Gap. The next morning the rain poured down in tor- rents, but soon the bugles sounded "forward ;" and starting nearly due South from Bradyville, we traced a small stream in a deep valley five or six miles, near- ly to its source, and after crossing it many times, turned to the left and began to ascend the mountain, which was quite steep for at least a mile. The troops ascended almost as rapidly as though marching on a level, but the artillery and trains found it a most toil- some and wearisome task, and for about three days and nights were incessantly employed, before all were upon the table lands at the summit. We heard the distant thunder of artillery on our right, almost incessantly after nine o'clock in the morning; and knew that a battle was going on at Hoover's, and ]^robably also, at Liberty Gap. W^e were upon the emcny's Hank, and found only here and there a picket post, but no force whatever to op- pose our advance. ADVANCE TO TULLAII03IA. bi) We advanced only two miles after ascending the jnountain, as we were forced to wait until the artillery and wagon trains came up. Heavy details were sent to as.sist in the work ot bringing these forward, and most of the artillery was pulled up by the men, fifty or more pullingup a piece with long cables. The next day this work continued, the rain still falling in frequent heavy showers. ^'J'he sound of cannon to- ward the A\\'fit, seemed to be slowly moving h^outh- ward, and by this we were informed that the enemy wm'e giving way. No enemy appeared in our front, but Home scouts took prisoner an old man by tho n;nue of Johnson, who had frequently been in our cnmi) '** Cripple rreek. He lived only two or three miles fn»m that camp, yet when taken, had a hoc on his shoulder said he "whs going to hoe on his farm.'' A\'c happened to know that his farm, was some twelve *>v fifteen miles in the contrary direction. Ifc was a ^!n•cwd old spy. About noon on the 2f)th, wc were again ordercotatoes, which they dug: aiileased to state, but one belonged to oni- Regiment. "\\'e had brought in abundance \h'- forc the i>atr Inmdred years. Many centuries nnist have elapsed l>efore the slatestonc wall crumbled, and the I'ocks disintegrated so that shrubs and trees cmild grow npon it ; but finally chesnuts and acorns found sufti- cient mold in which to germinate, and trees sprang up and nourished upon this decaying structure — ihi^i 68 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT singular monnment of contention and strife, centuries- before tlie discovery of America. We noticed where a wagon road had been recently cut through this em- bankment, that below the shallow covering of earth the strongly laid wall seemed yet firm and solid. The area enclosed is covered with timber, but from this, nor even the walls, now a mere embankment, can we draw sufficient data to make any estimate of the time that has elapsed since this singular work, evidently built for defense, was erected. We can scarcely be- , lieve that the Indian race were the architects and builders, but while examining the ancient citadel, were inclined to attribute it to an earlier, and more enlightened race than the one found upon this conti- nent at its discovery. Enough barely I'emains to in- dicate that works of defense were found necessary hundreds and probably thousands of years ago ; and that an immense amount of labor was here performed; but of those who toiled, or those who fought upon these crumbled walls, no record, no vestige of legend or history remains. These had passed aAvay, even before the savage race who hunted here a hundred years ago, became the possessors ■ of the soil ; and cnly this outline of a fort remains to indicate that such a race existed ; this work alone endured, defying time until the era of civilization and letters, and now '- the traveler and anticpary are enabled to snatch from litter oblivion this remaining trace of an extinct and forgotton race, who toiled and built and contended a thousand years ago. They slumber in mother earth ; their trials and toils unrecorded ; their victories un- sung, and but for this structure all clue to their exis- tence on the stage of human affairs would be gone . forever. CIUPTER VII. liHIl JIAKCH FROM MANX'IIESTEK, \IA CHATTANOOGA TO t'IIICKAJL\.UGA. _ On the morning of August IGtli, 18G3, the advance towai'ds Chattanooga couuuenced. The right \ving "f the army, (20th Corps), commanded by General McCook, moved directly South toward the Tennessee ivcr; the center, (14th Corps,) under Gen. Thomas, iloiig the Ihie of raih'oad toward Stevenson and Bridgeport, Ala., and the left, (21st Corps,) under (Ion. Crittenden, was to move from Manchester and .McMinnville, . dii-ectly towards Chattanooga, by the routes fomid most practicable across the mountains. (tcu. Wood's Division moved directly to J^IcMinnville, and from that point, with Van Clove's Division took tlie road to PikeviUc; while Gen. Palmer's division to wliicli our Ilegmient belonged, marched nearly East- ward on what was known as the Hickory creek road, and at night encamped at Viola, a very small town i>f oidy three or foiu* houses, about eight miles South- west of ^McMinnville. The morning had Ijcen fair, but about noon a hca^'y rain set in, by Avhich we were reminded of our advance from Nashville, and from ^lurfrecsboro : and the remark was common that "it 70 HISTOEY OF THE EEGI]\IENT. always rains when Gen. Eosecrans starts on a cam- paign." ]\Iost of the artillery had crossed the swamp, which lies a few miles East of Manchester before the rain, set in, but the wagon trains were all night and till late the next day in getting through. (Starting from Viola on the 17th, w^e marched nearly Eastward into what is known as Northcut's^Cove, which is at the foot of the main ridge of the mountains. The country through which we passed was as tine as any we had ever seen in the South. The farms were not large, but the crops were very good, and there were indica- tions of thrift and prosperity at, and about almost every liomestead. ]\Iany large orchards along the route were bending with their annual burden, and peaches were brought to the roadside in abundance. From this Cove we passed through a narrow gap, and came into another, which we were informed was known as Eodgers' Hollow. Here on either hand were farms extending far up on the sides of the moun- tain ridges, and the Cove or Hollow widened till we came into a quite level tract of land several miles in exteait, through wliich flowed a swift mountain stream ; on either bank of which were farms, and meadows, and pastures so large and level, that we were strongly reminded of our own beautiful Prairie State. Near this stream (Collins creek,) we passed a group of old brick buildings, greatly out of repair but ex- tensive and commodious, which we were informed was "Irving CoUege." The site was certainly a very remarkable one for an Institution of learning; in the midst of the moutains, far from river or railroad ; yet the purity of the air, as well as the delightful mountain scenery upon every hand, had a few years previous, made this one of the most popular institu- tions of the State. ]itArtCli TO ClIICKAMAUUA. 7i So far wc had passed througli gaps and Itetwcu:! I'lMi^os, but a tew miles t'lirthor on after crossing C^A- lius creek, wc came to the Main ridge, in whicLi we <'i)idd discover no break or gap for many milcti on either side of the road ; which being tlie direct one from 3Ic3Iinnvillc to Dunlaj), had some years "before !)een well worked and [»artially macadamized. The I'oad wound up the side of the mountain in a sort of zigzag, so that, although it was only about a mile and a half in a direct line, it was at least three miles by this devious and winding wagon road. We were not a little surprised to tind a road so skillfully construct- ed up the mountain. It was no doubt located by a scientilic and practical engineer, and years ago when rhis was one of the principal stage routes between Middle and East Tennessee, much labor was most I'.evtaiidy bestowed upon it. The iJivision reached the summit a little after noon, and after a brief rest, nuirched on about two miles to a snudl ravine, where there was abundance of gocxl water; and here the wearied men speedily put up their shelter tents, and encaini)ed for the night. The ar- tillery met with but little ditKculty in the ascent, be- ing assisted by the troops ; but the wagon trains were all overloaded, and although the teams were doubled, so as to have eight mules to each wagon, it was with great difhculy that the wagons were brought up. All night long the work was incessantly continued, and at sunrise the next morning there were several ti'ains at the foot of the mountain, which had not yet been able to get upon the road. This night will bo long remembered by the author, for he now realized that there was some severe labor; and if not "daysof dan- ger," there must be certainly "nights of waking" in the Quartermasters department. About noon the next day, nao;jt of the wagon fraiji-^ 72 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. having readied the summit, the Division set foi'warr and not a few were surprised to find a level country, almost two tliousand feet above the valley in which we had been marching the day before.* We advanced only five or six miles tlii'ough a thickly timbered country, and again encamped. On the sides of the mountain, the yellow or pitch pine is thickly inter- spersed with oak and chestnut ; but upon the level portion of the summit, though there are occasionly a few hundred acres of pine timber, it is mainly oak oi several varieties, with here and there a chestnut, and an undergrowth of whortleljerry and sourwood. On the morning of the 25th, we were upon.the road at sunrise, and soon came into a more broken section, Avinding around some very deep ravines and gulches : and at 10 o'clock having marched at least ten miles, began the descent into the Sequatchee valley. This \'alley lies between the two main ridges of the Cum- berland mountains, and is some five or six miles wide. With the exception of a hue of low cone-shaped hills running nearly in the center, it is level, and weU cidti-. vated, having a rich soil, and is one of the most ]>roductivc hi this portion of the South. From the blufi' on the West side, as a point of observation, the beautiful farms and substantial farm houses, for sever- al miles u}) and down the valley were plainly in view, and the prospect was one of rare granclem* and loveli ness. The descent with the artillery and trains was ac- comjilished with much difficulty, and in some places was attended with no little danger ; for the side of the mountain is a succession of ])recipices, among which the road winds from one shelf to another; and in some places by carelessly driving a few feet from the worn and beaten track, a wagon might have been throwi oft' several hundred feet at a sinffle bound. ^lARCII TO CIirCKAMAUGA. 7:? About noon, the I)i\'i.sion encamped in and about the town of Dunlap, the county seat of Sequatchee couutv, and a viUage of but few houses, situated near the center of one of the most dolightfiil valleys on the continent. After a hearty duiner, of Avliich green corn and peaches were the most delectable portions; our brigade moved about a mile to the ^Vest, to the very base of the mountain, almost beneath the towering (•litis, and camped near some large si)rings; Nvhicli llowiug out almost from the base alfurded water as clear as crystal, and as cool as could be desired. In this pleasant camp we remained mitil the 1st day of Sei)tember. \Vq soon ascertained that nearly all the inhabitants of this valley were and had ever been, lirm and de- voted friends of the Union, and that very few recruits had ever been obtained here by the Confederates, ex- cept by conscription. We were here compelled to forage heavily; loading whole Helds of corn, stalks, ears and all upon our wagons, which were sent out esery morning ; but the owners, scarcely considered it a grievance ; they were so anxious for our success, that they were as a general thing [)erfectl3'' satisfied with the receipts, which we gave them for their fine cro])S of corn and hay. The presence of a large army was something new in that locality, and the next day after our arrival, scores of citizens came in to see the "jolly boys in blue." We noticed one company of eighteen or twen- ty ladies all on horseback, several ot'whom we noticed were very pretty, and all were gay and graceful, if not elegant equestriennes. AVliile in camp in this valley, we were able to pro- cure abundance of vegetal >les, green corn, and fruit; and for once had the material for a living, almost as i:;ood as we were accustomed to at home. The 74 IIISTOKY OF THE EEGIMENT. men at tin's camp, again found much cause for com- plaint, in the camp guards, and strict orders in respect to going out of camp, which C©h Grose immediately established. The Col. was social and pleasant on the ].narch, but always seemed cross, sour and petulant when in camp. On a trivial pretext, at this place he ordered Lieut. Edson of Co. A in arrest, from which he did not release him for nearly three months, though he must have known there was no sufficient ground for charges against him. Of course the Colonel was greatly annoyed, by the constant demand for passes to go outside the ' brigade camp ; and occasionally had the opportunity of overhearing the men make remarks about himself, not in any degree polite or complimen- tary. The unfortunate men v>-ho Vseve guilty of such utterances, he no doubt dealt with severely, when he afterwards found opportunity.. We have here preserved a specimen of the brave Colonel's mal- ignity and literary ability in the approval which he wrote' upon a pass, presented by a man of our Eegi- ment; who had the day before been met by the irasci- 1)le Colonel, at an outpost, and Vvho having noticed that he wore no insignia of office, neglected to reeog- nize or salute him as an -officer, and even replied roughly, to some uncalled for remarks of thewonld- be-lh'igadier. It reads thus, "Appd. This jnan had very insulting language & conduct to the Brig Com'- dor yesterday." " Wm. Grose Col. Comdg. Brig." Of course Col. Yv^ci.tcrs( to Avhom the pass was return- ed felt bound to investigate the soldier's conduct ; l)ut on a carefnl examination, he found no reason for even reprimanding the supposed oifender. During the week which we remained here, we al- most every day heard scores of rumors and reports, as to the advance of other portions of the army, and the movements of the enemy. The intei-pid and im- M.UICU TO CHICKA:MAUGA. 75 j>etiious Col. AVildcr, Avith his gallant JJrigadc of jiiouiitetl inliintry, had pnslied on when we halted at Dunlap: aiul liaviiig luuiid the enemy strongly in- trenched at llarrisonV Landing, a few miles above Cluittanooga, had taken a position upon the low hills directly across the river from the city, and was daily harassing the inliabitants, with screeching messeiigers from his twelve-jxumd ritied Held jncces. iicn. Pal- mer with one Brigade (tf his Division (llazen's,) had i-rosscd directly over AValden's liidgefrom Duidap, to ^up[)ort A\'ilder ; and each day we heard the artillery, and shortly afterward there weuld be rumors of Jin attack, of hard lighting, and several times it was cur- rently believed that AVilder had crossed the river and taken the city. Hourly we were hxjking for the ui\lcr, to go fur- ward across the remaining llidge of the mountainij and take part in the investment (»f this noted little city ; but it was not so ordered : and on the morning (if the 1st of September, we moved down the Sequat- chee Valley towards the Tennessee Kiver; taking tlic direct road to ]5ridgeport, which place had already been several days in possession of our forces. AVe marched about twenty «iiles during the day, down this very fertile and beautiful valley, and encamped at dusk on a small stream, called tlie J.ittle Sequatchee, or Sequatchee Creek. The mountain scenery along the lower portion of this valley, we think the grand- est we have ever seen — we were about to say the grandest in the Union — bv^t grand and beautil'nl scen- ery, could not wholly divert the minds of all from the wearisome marching, and before we went into camp, not a few were fretting and swearing because we wer(» going too far on the tirst day, after a week iii cam}> On the following morning we moved about a mile ;iwaT irom jrood wat-er and abundance of wood, and 76 HISTORY OF THE REGlJ\IENT. again went into camp. How often then were the questions asked, "Why did we march twenty miles yesterday, and only a mile this morning ?" "Why are we marched away from wood;, and water, and halt- ed upon a ilat weedy field ?" The inevitable answ^er came, sterotyped long before when anything was done that w^s evidently a blunder or utterly unreasonal^le, "BECAUSE IT IS MILITARY." On the morning of Sept. 3d, we marchedjat daylight, and about sunrise passed through the town of Jasper, a small place of about twenty houses, and thence a few miles farther Southward came to the Tennessee River. We proceeded two or three miles down the River to the mouth of Battle Creek, and halted at some strong fortifications built under the direction of Gen's. Mc- Cook and Mitchell more than a year before, when Gen. Buell had command of the army in this Depart- ment. From this point, the wagon trains were imme- diately sent down to Bridgeport to cross the River on the Pontoon Bridge, and our Division after resting, set to work building rafts, with wdiich to ferry the liver. Each regiment built for itself, and before night our Regiment had commenced crossing and Capt. lliggins with a large detail, was sent across the river to select a camp for the Brigade, and establish ])icket-lmes. Many of the men swam the river as soon as they could get their knapsacks, guns and accoutre- ments carried over on the rafts. There was a novel- ty in this method of crossing, and though there was considerable liard labor in it ; yet the men were full of mirth and enthusiasm, and the ferrying progressed rapidly. During the i\iglit the whole Division crossed, and encamped near the town, or rather railroad sta- tion, of Shellmound ; there to await the arrival of the wagon trains. When the trains reached Bridgeport the pontoon MARCH TO CIUClsLVMAlXJA. 77 l)ri(lfj;e was not entirely completed, and all tlie trains (;t'tlie 14tli corps were already waiting to cross, l^e- I'ore niglit however, tlicy began slowly to cross on the Inidge, for the Pioneer cor[)s were an energetic set ot men, and did not mean that the movements of the army shonld be l«?ng retarded for Avant of a l)ridge, a thousand (feet long. The author being in charge of a wagon train, here luid the pleasure of meeting with . Sergeant flreen and others of the s had already crossed on a bridge of their own constj'uction, thrown across the river near Stevenson, Ala. The boys engaged hi this branch or arm of the ser\'ice, were finding a vast amount of hard labor falling to their share; yet the were as healthy, cheer- ful ami light-hearted a set of men as were ever gath- ered together. There are really two bridges at ]5ridgeport, fur a lai-ge island here divides the river; the broader })ortion of the stream pa&?ing on the "West side of the island, while the main ehannel is on the other side. The men detailed from our Kegi- ment, belonged to comjiany D of the Tioneer corps, and this company had charge of the shorter bridge. Though wagon trains commenced to cross oidy a few hours after we arrived, wc had to wait until the morning of the 5th, before it came our turn to pass over. The trains rejoined the Brigade near Shell- mound about one o'clock the same day, and about 4 o'clock that evening tlie Division marched, i>roceeding along tlie railroad towards Chattanooga, and encamp- ed near "Whiteside. "While lying at Shelhnoimd, many had an opportu- nity of going into the soniewhnt cek'bratcd " 2si(k-o- jack Cave" which was only half a mile distant. The mouth of the cave is about thirty or thivtv-tive feet 78 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. ill lieiglit, and sixty or seventy feet in wicltli ; and from this vast hiatus in the montain side, pours forth a deep, clear stream ; which it is said enters the mountain on the opposite side, nine miles distant. — • We saw men, who said they had passed through the entire distance in a canoe, but were inclined to think the statement not entirely reliable, the fact* not suffi- ciently authenticated. On the morning of the 6th we left the railroad at Whiteside, where the retreating rebels had recently burned a bridge, some three hundred feet m length, and upwards of a hundred feet in height, and turning directly South up "Murphy's Hollow," passed through a gap or cove, and came into Lookout Valley; which lies directly West or Northwest of that celebrated mountain ridge. We were now only fourteen miles from Chattanoogo, which was still in possession of the rebels ; and as we lay here during the next day, we could plainly distinguish their picket linos and sig- nal stations on the top of Lookout mountain. Gen. AVood's Division had advanced from Whiteside di- rectly toward Chattanooga, following the railroad; and on the evening of the 7th reconnoitred the cross- ing, at the end of the ridge next to the Tennessee river, and found the enemy in strong force, holding this entrance to the city of Chattanooga. On the morning of the 8th, Gen. Palmer's Division moved down Lookout Valley to support Gen. Wood, in case of an attack ; being all the while in full view of the rebel pickets, posted on the summit. After proceed- ing a few miles down the valley, Can. Palmer was directed to halt, until the discreet and cautious Gen. Wood carefully tested the strength of the enemy at the point of defense ; so we Avere obliged to lie over night, about five miles south of AVauhatchie. Mean- while, Oe'n. AVood with his Division were enG^ao'c-d in the reconnoisance. MAIiCll TO ClITCieVMAUGA. 71> In tliu wiuriilng Gen. "Wood reported tlic enemy lalliiig Ijac'lc, and iimnediately our Division was in mo- tion. The Brigade to which we belonged w'as select- ed to a,sc<,'nd the mountain, about live miles back from ihe " nose" or bhdt' end that comes up to the river; and went up by a narrow path, where it was difficult I'ur a man unencundjered with arms or accoutrements to elimb, where in soi'ne places only two men could ]uarch abreast between ledges of rock ; yet up this mountain side the Ih-igade hurried, driving before them, as they nearod tlie summit, the i)ickets and outposts of the enemy. The 24th rcghnent Ohio XoU., was in advance, and had a slight skirmish at the suuimit, with the rebels who were retreating raj)- irigaje reached the summit, it was formed in lino of battle and advancetl toward Suuimerville, which is near the north end of the UMuntain, ami from which place of summer resort in former years, there is a direct road down the moun- tain to Chattanooga. Finding no enemy wyton the siunmit, a signal was given to the Divisions lying in the valley below, and they commcn<'ed advanceing slowly by the main wagon ri.>ad across the lower portion of this stupendous ridge. The prospect that met our view when wc reached Siimmerville, was grand beyond description. Wo were upon a high, bold bluff, nearly two thousnnd foet above t!ic Tennessee river; the city of Chattanooga, now ncui'ly descrtctl, was only two miles and a half distant, and so much beneath thnt wc could look down into all its streets. Long lines of dust marked the road, upon Avhich the enemy wero retreating, a few miles to the Eastward was the thickly wooded IMissionary Ridge, ami far in tlic distance the Pijieon and Cliattagntta mountains. It was truly a beautiful prospect, that ^ right and lovely September morning ; iuimcnse nioun- 80 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. tain ranges upon every side, between ■which were broad and fertile valleys and coves, not yet entirely devastat- ed and despoiled by the terrible simoon of civil w^ar To attempt a full description of this mountain, and the many objects of interest hereabouts is foreign to our present design, and scarcely a matter of Regimental history, hence we must with some reluctance leave it. Towards evening, our Brigade descended by the road' leading to Chattanooga, and rejoining the Division, took the road across the Chattanooga valley, which lies directly East of Lookout mountian toward Rossvillc. Chattanoog:^, the key to East Tennessee, one of thcr great railroad centers and military depots of the Con- federacy, was in our possession, without a battle. The army which had been successively driven back from Murfreesboro and Tullahoma, was in full retreat to- ward Dalton and Atlanta, but this army had not been driven from its strong position by the force which was threatening it immediately around the city. The strong- Corps commanded by Gens. Thomas and Mc- Cook, were in the act of crossing Lookout mountain at Stephens' Gap, about thirty miles South of Sum- merville ; and once across this gigantic barrier. Gen. Bragg well knew they Avould be able to cut him oif from Dalton, and leave him only a line of retreat to- wards Knoxville, toward which point Gen. Burnside was at this time marching with a heavy force. Hence his hasty evacuation, and the speedy and almost unex- pected occupation of the place by our forces, without a struggle. On the morning of the 10th of September, we began to move through the Gap in Missionary Ridge near Rossvillc, and found that the enemy were not entirely gone, for here they had left an outpost, and a lively skirmish for a few minutes ensued. This was no doubt a post of observation, for we marched directly on to Grayville, and saw nothing more of them, thongh citi- UATtCll TO CIIICIUMAUGA. f^i -■ens reported tliat a portion of their cavalry Avcrc but a few miles ahead. The same day, all our ■\vagon trains Jrcachcd Chattanooga, which was henceforth to become our base of supplies. Meanwhile Col. Wilder with his nsual energy, had crossed his brigade of mounted in- fantry a few miles above Chattanooga and Avas advan- cing directly toward Ringgold, He liad passed through the town but a few hours previous, wheif our Division reached there on the 11th, and came upon the enemy in strong force only a few miles from that piece, on the road to Tunnel Ilill. On the 12th we started nearly south from Ringgold, and bearing somewhat to the West passed along Pea Vine ridge towards Gordon's Mills on the main Chickamauga. After the bugles had sounded tattoo and taps that night, and all were ly- ing down to rest or had lain down ; the Division was called into line with the utmost silence, and marched away to the Westward, halting again near Crawfisli Springs to sound tattoo, and rest until morning. On the 14th wc marched out across the Chickatnau- ga, thence to the Southwest; and lialtcd at night only to change position again before morning. On the next day Gen. Thomas' corps began to come up, and it was now well known that only Crittenden's cor))S had been marching and counter -marching across the country' south of Chattanooga, and that Bragg had not re- treated to Dalton or across the Oostenola river as had been imagined ; for a heavy force had met Col. WiMer in front of Ringgold, and at least two Divisions had at- tnckcU Ncgley's Division of Thomas' corps, at one :" the gaps in Pigeon mountain. Every one was now •^itisfied, that a great battle was impending,, and from the movements of the enemy, it was presume ('hickamauga at Gordon's mills;. 82 HISTORY OF THE EEGDIENT and at other points began to show a strong front. Gen. Crittenden's corps was extended for several miles, and in this condition, was of course unable to resist any large force that might be thrown against it, — but the enemy seemed in no haste to offer battle, and Gen. Thomas' powerful corps was hourly coming into line and taking position. Gen, McCook was still far to the riiiht, and as we afterwards learned scalinn; steep ridges and fighting for gaps, or passes, in order to rejoin the main army. Each night upon high points or Mountain tops the signal lamps were swinging, and it was speedi- ly known by every subaltern and private in the whole army, that a momentous conflict was about to take place. Scores of rumors were afloat, and passed from man to man, from regiment to regiment throughout the army. The enemy were said to be reinforced by Longstreet's and Early's Corps, and it was currently reported that Gen. Rosecrans was hourly expecting aid from Gen. Burnside, and even that Sherman and McPherson with Divisions or Corps were coming with all possible speed, via Bridgeport, to join the noble army now con- centrating upon the dread Chickamauga. Chickamau- ga, is said to be' a word from the Cherokee tongue, which means Dead man's river. Ere the sun went doAvn, on the evening of the 17th of September, every soldier in the whole army felt that the battle must within a few hours commence. Many while resting would pencil a few hasty lines to the loved ones at home, and many would take from their knapsacks and cartridge boxes, their last letters re- ceived from dear and cherished sweet hearts, wives and mothers, read them slowly over, and then tear them into a hundred pieces, or use them to light the inevitable pipe — a soldier's almost indispensable solace. This was but one of the many incidents of preparation, yet while so engaged there was no sign of dread or fear in any countenance, only a calm determined look, in- :iLVRClITO CIIICK.VMAUGA, 8;i cheating the firm resolve to obey the orders of supevior.--, and if necessary yield up the precious boon of life, upon the sacrificial altar of our grcnt and glorious c^nui- try. Ah! who sluiU describe a soldier's thoughts upon the eve of battle ! CHAPTER VIII. i)ESCtlIPTION OF THE BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA AKD^ llETEEAT TO CHATTANOOGA. The army of the Cumberland could not have warded off or avoided a battle at this time, except by relin- quishing all that had been secured by the campaign. Chattanooga had been surrendered, but it was evident, that Gen. Bragg was now offering battle, that he was bent upon returning to the surrendered city, unless our force was sufficient to drive him back. While the army of the Cumberland was in detached portions, occasion- ed by the flank movement, and crossing the Lookout range by Corps, at points widely separated ; it was to a great extent at the mercy of the rebel General, had he at that moment been strong enough to strike a de- cisive blow ; but day by day the Corps of the federal army were being concentrated, in the vicinity of Gor- don's mills, and Gen.. Granger's (reserve) corps came up from Bridgeport, and took a position near Ross- ville, covering the roads leading into Chattanooga. On the morning of the 18th of September, only Gen. McCook's Corps was entirely isolated, and this was moving rapidly to rejoin the main body. The morning of the 18th of September, broke gray and hazy, and the air was damp and chilly, until the sun, like a ball of lUTTLE OF CniCKAMAUC}A. So. fire in appearance, Tras a considerable distance aboTc the liorizon. A high wind during the latter part of the night had soughed and moaned through the dense wood3, where the main a/iny was lying, and hourly ex- pecting that sharp crack of musketry upon the picket line, which announces the approach or attack of an enemy. Gen. Granger, early in the day sent two brigades across the Chickamauga at Reids' Bridge, some fourmilesbelovr Gordon's Mills, to reconnoitre theenc- my's position, and if possible ascertain his strength, 'fhia movement was entirely successful, and the enemy were found to be collecting a powerful force, directly in front of Gordon's Mills ; and there could be no doubt from the movements observed, that the rebel Gen. Bragg was hourly receiving reinforcements to the amount of several Divisions. Gen. Wood, with his Division of Crittenden's corps, was holding the vital point in our front, the crossing at Gordon's Mills. Towards this point Gen. Thomas was, during tho day, steadily pushing his Corps of four strong Divisions; nni>. aa attack, -hould tho enemy advance from -Napier';-; Gap or that ;iity. Towards evening the enemy ma.de an attack .!■ a these mounted brigades, which stood thcii ' gallantly; and time and again did Wilder's no ments by a fierce and doteriiv and check for a few moments, wing of the rebel army. But before nignt, bo. cr and Minty were forced to fall back, a <^ 'n distance; for a Division had effected a err of the numerous fords of "Dead man's River :i coming upon thorn from tho flank and tho rear. ing most of theaftcrncn a battery or two!..' brought into play toar-sist Wilder and Minty in • fort to check tho enemy, and theramd renoft <>■ SG HISTORY OF THE EEGBIENT. pieces, toM that both parties were striving to get posses- sion of some important position. It was one of those pre- liminary engagements, •which frequently tiike place on the eve of a great battle ; occasioned by portions of tlie opposing forces coming in contact, while they are sr curing the most available positions for defense, or from which to malcc an attack. A sharp skirmish continued along the left until sometime after dusk, but the liring gradually lessened, and before nine o'clock had entirely ceased. But night, which brings the blessing of rest, repo?o and strength-renewing sleep, to the wearied and worn in the ordinary avocations of life, brings often to the soldier more severe eflbrt ; a more fatiguing march, than he has endured during the day ; and the night of the 18th of September, was one in which but a small portion of the army of the Cumberland, now confront- ing a greatly superior force, was permitted to 'enjoy the rest and repose it so greatly needed. All night long there was a constant rumble of the artillery and wagon trains upon the roads, and the steady muffled tramp of columns moving to .rejoin the main force, ov to take important positions for the morning conflict. It is not a little remarkable, how strongly'" the situa- tion and surrounding circumstances impress the mind of the soldier. A march upon a bright, cleaV morn- ing, is full of hilarous mirth ; the lively story is told, jest succeeds jest in rapid succession ; many a shaft oi* sarcasm and ridicule strikes home, and many a kee retort and spicy repartee is heard. A march upon a rainy, dismal day elicits no small amount of repining ; many maintain a sullen, sober mood, while all tb' grumblers in the army, are pouring forth a constaii stream of abuse upon the road, the surrounding country the officers commanding the army, and even Congress ani . the Cabinet at Washington, did not always escape the:; stinging words of censure. A march at ni2;ht is in- BATTLE OF CIIICKAMAUGA. 87 riiiMy silent; scarcely a word will be spoken for urs, and -when one does address a comrade, it is in a iic't, suppressed voice, such as is heard in the sick im ; a.s though he would not disturb the quiet and itosc of nature, nor Avaken an echo from ihe inipervi- !s gloom of the night. The night of which we ■were speaking, was one of al- most incessant movement. Tho design of the enemy had been manifested during the day, and before tr morrow's dawn, every regiment in the whole army mr be in position^ where it would be moat cnv^ti,.. was evident at dark, that the enemy were /i;a-- i/ forces upon our extreme left, which was a htfl' of Gordon's Mills ; and while he made a gr« play of force further toward our right, he Wii by that piece of strategy, to deceive the abb hint Gen. Rosecrans, who was observing ( ment, and felt confident that the attack v i the direct line to Eossville and Ghattan' ■ , during the night Gen. V^an Cleve's Division Ibrmed or the left of Gen. Woods, and Gen. Palmer's on the right ; while Gen. Thomas' corps moved to the left of Gen. Crittenden's and took position in the following order, part of Gen. Johnson's Divis^ion joined Gen. Van Cleve's left, then came Gen. Keynolds, Bairds and Erannan's divisions in succession, extending our left nearly to the Kinggold road ; while the enemy — hav- ing crossed a part of his army over the Chickamauga, was lying directly in our front on both sides of the stream. These were the positions of the oppesing armies on the morning of September 10th 1863. The Federal army was much inferior in numbers, but the men were in excellent health and spirits. They knew that a hard battle was about to be fought, and calmly looked the stern reality in the fact, manifesting not a particle of bravado or boi^^terous courage, but with a quiet and determined demeanor awaited the terrible en- 88 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. set. They liad constantly been victorious, and had noi been in the habit of considering such a contingency as defeat; and now, not being a-R'are of the tremendous- force arrayed against them, were self-reliant and confi-' dent of success. The morning broke clear and cloudless ; the gentle- breeze that agitated the foilage was soft and balmy ; all nature seemed in one of its quietest and loveliest moods;- and when the sun was peering over the mountains, not a sound could be heard to indicate the presence of hos- tile armies in the valley of the Chickamauga^. An hour or two later, there was an occasional shot upon the skirmish line, and about eight o'clock the first boon^. of artillery broke the deep silence, which had led many to believe, there would be no engagement. In a few moments, there were two almost simultaneous shots, the blow struck and instantaneously returned, far to- ward our right, upon which the rebel Gen. Bragg, now seemed to be directing his assailing forces. He had thrown a battery into position in front of Van Cleve's. division, and opened the fight by a sharp attack upon Gen. Beatty's Brigade which returned shot for shot, for some time, and firmly withstood the force sent in this direction ; until finally the rebel battery limbered up and moved away, and the attacking force slowly withdrew. While this was going on, Gen. Palmer had sent a Brigade of his division, (Col. Grose's) forward to reconnoiter. The Brigade advanced a considerable dis- tance without serious opposition, and probably might have marched into the midst of the rebel army, to sur- render as prisoners of war, had not our skirmishers de- tected a heavy fprcc of the enemy, already upon their fl.Uik and hurrying forward to strike them in the rear. By falling hastily back to the mainline, the Brigade barely escaped being cut oiT from the Division; and al- most at the moment they returned, the battle opened keuvily all along the line in front of Gen. Thomas' corps 15ATTLE OF CIiICK.\]\IAUGA. 89 The attack upon the ridit Gen. Rosecvans liail shrewd- ly construed as a feint, and was not in the least misled or deceived by it. So all was in readiness when the tremendous blow came upon the left and center. The rebels about this time, charged furiously upon one of Gun. Brannan's brigades, and forced it back, but were in turn compelled to retire by riie well directed fire of another brigade of the sam^ division, Tliis was about ten o'clock, and witliin half an hour all four •of Gen. Thomas' divisions were hotly pressed ; the en- emy coming upon them in heavy force, formed in sev- -eral successive lines of battle. Our double lines were able to chock this mighty torrent and force it to recoil, but f(^r a few moments ; a second line took the place of the front one, shattered and broken by our death deal- ing musketry ; and still onward it came like the surges of ocean waves, slowly yet surely forcing back the no- ble divisions that opposed it. Gen. Thomas, always cool and coilccted, and each of his division Generals, were putting forth every exertion to maintain an un- broken front, and preserve the lines which were con- stantly beirig disarranged by the fierce and furious charges of the enemy. At one time the rebels had cut Keynolds' division completely in two, and taken pos- session of the road in his rear, but before they could concentrate a ptrong force upon it, a vigorous charge was made l)y the overpowered but undaunted division, and the rebels were forced to relinquish the important position. Every inch of ground was now contested, and though the whole Corps fought with a valor thot amounted to desperation, it was gradually forced back by the overpowering strength of the enemy. The right. Gen. Crittenden's corps, not being en- gaged. Gen. Palmer's division was speedily moved to- ward the left, to reinforce the wavering lines of Rey- nold's and Beards' divisions ; but had scarcely got into position or under fire, when the enemy, findiag so de- 90 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. tcrmined and stubborn a resistance made by General Thomas, seemed to relax bis efforts in that quarter, and threw a heavj force directly upon Van Cleve's division. But here the attack was met with a volley from Gen. Beatty's brigade, followed up by a brilliant bayonet charge, whiqh drove the enemy back some distance through the thidc woods, in which the whole battle was fought. Gen. ThoVnas' corps reinforced by Gen. Palmer's division, now pressed forward recovering the ground which they had l:st, scattering the rebels at every charge, and retaking some pieces of artillery which had been lost at the opening of the engagement. The movements of the contending armies were effec- tually concealed from each other, by the dense forest i which lies upon both sides cf the Chickamauga River. The compactness of the timber and the almost impervi- ous undergrowth and brush, rendered the situation doubly advantageous to the enemy ; as it enabled them to mass their charging columns unobserved, and when ! massed, they were greatly shielded from our numerous I batteries; v.diich wo had stationed to play upon them-, ' the moment they came in view. Again, they were able to approach within a few hundred yards of our li^ic of ' defense, before we were aware of it, and then but a portion of our artillery, though we had an iinusupJ number of pieces ready, could, on this account as we" as by reason of their hidden position, be brought int effective use, or be made to bear with precision, direct; upon the heavily massed columns ; hence f' hours, there was a constant rattle and clatter o- niusketr}^ with only here and there the sudden crack of a rilled field piece, or heavy boom of a Napoleon . Our line was gradually contracted and strengthens. . yet at every point was mot by a superior force of the oiiemy. A little after noon, Gen. Thomas' center was acrain so severely pressed that he demanded reinforcei»ents, BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 91 and thougli the position at Gordon's Mills was of im- mense importance, it became necessary to "withdraw Gen. Wood from it, to sustain the line further to the ktt, which was in imminent danger of being broken. About this time Gen. McCook arrived with two divi- sions of his corps, and though they had been marching since early dawn, as well as a good part of the night before; Gen. Davis commanding one was ordered in- stantly to the relief of Gen. Thomas, and Gen. Sheri- dan commanding the other, took the position at Gor- don's Mills, lately occupied by Gen. AVood. Within an hour, two of these brigades as well as Gen. Ncgley's whole division, was sent to the left to reinforce Gen. Thomas; and more than once it was remarked "Thomas is using the whole army, to hold his position," which Avas literally true ; for division after division had b^cn sent him. until our whole front, was only that held in the morning by Brannan, Baird, Johnson and lloy- nolds' Divisions, and still he had barely enough troops to hold in check, the immense force that was being dashed upon him. Only Gen. Lytle's brigade was left at Gordon's Mills to protect our right flank, in case the enemy undertook to cross a force theu- and strike our rear. Every num in the army was dui^ig duty, annth, and all the small streams liowing down from Mission- ary llidge were diy : MC M'ere forced back from the river except at (^jrdon's Mills, and the right uf onr army had to go twre after sunrise, tlie iield hospitals, which had been established near Crawlith 8iirinG:s, were hastily broken up and moved far to the N(irth- ward, and all wounded men who could walk wore sent "if on the roads toward Chattanooga. Others were jiioved with the hospitals; and hundreds who could not possibly bo moved until the battle was ended were loft in hospital tents in care of sin-goons and nurses. The necessity of this hasty reiut.ival of the hospi- tals was soon apparent ; we cmild not spare even Ly tie's brigade from to-day's fight, and the moment he moved or was driven from the position atfrordom's Mills, the hospitals would be completely uncovered and < \posod to the enemy. ^ .Vnolhor hour glided by, and now the men weary of -landing in line, at the front were reclining ui)on the r(Mmd. where they could regain their places in an in- ;a?it; and the roar lines had stacked arms, and in \ke manner wei-e resting and awaiting the renewal of 1 ho conflict. The sun was slowly melting away the frost and sending a delicious warmth upon the limbs of tlvousunds, w4u) had shivered througli tho night. — < )ccasionally the fhar}) crack of a musket upon the >kirmish line; betokened vigilam-e n]>on the extreme iont, while so many were seeking much neeng the skirmish line, there was very little to indicate the immediate ]>rcsence of the eneUiV. Both armies were apparent- ly ready, and each waiting for the other to make the first c]iai'o,"C or di^Kir)ii-;t!\it'on. . m HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. Gen Palmer's Division was now in the ' front line, siearly in the center of Gen. Thomas' Coips, and had already thrown np a slight palisade of logs and rails, quite a protection from the "deadly Minnie;" when the irregular lire on the skirmish line suddenly increased, and the report of a hundred battle-weary nniskets startled the men, reclining behind their hasty breast-^ work. The soldiers sprang to their places in an in- stant — no word of command was required — ^and rest- ing their guns on the piles of logs and rails, they calm- ly waited for the enemy to come in sight. Old sol- diers and true, they now needed no instructions as to their duty. Their ranks had been sadly thinned tlic day before, but they were undismayed and full of spirit, hope and courage. In a few minutes the bat- tle opened along our whole liue. Shot and shell came tearing through the woods, and our batteries re- turned the lire wherever the enemy came in view, and whenever there was a possibility of its being ef- fective. During the next hour the thunder of battle gradually deepened. The terrific clatter of musketry was growing so furious, that the constant boom of the artiller}^ sounded onty like a thunderous throb, but partially breaking the monotonoy of an incessant tiin and roar ; while volumes of thick vapor and smoke arose above the tops of the trees of that vast forest, indicating to the observer upou the heights of Mission- ary Ridge, the positions occupied by the contendimg armies. Soon a swarm of straerglers were seen hasteninc: to the rear. Some, however, were wounded, some wore sick and were bringing back the horses belonging to mounted officers, and alas ! some were only feign- ing wounds or sickness ; anything that would give an excuse when the battle became fuiious, and pride was no lojiger a fair substitute for real couracre. Tliis 15ATTLE OF CIITCKAMAUGA. !»7 }iappcns ill every Itattlc ; there ever Avill be, ever, tVom the best army ever organized or disciplined, dunuh'ods of pkidks and strac:gler."j. Yet at the battle «»1" Cliiekamanga, it was remarked by scores of veter- an oilicers, that they had never seen an army stand Sd unilinchingly, and lose so little of its strength by straggling or scattering promisenonsly to the rear. — All seemed anxions to do their duty, all were re- solved to purchase victory at any cost. Soon it was discovered that the enemy were cn- ieavuring to turn our left tlaidv, and the Hd brigade ot it-n. Palmer's Division was ordered from the liasty line t' l»rcastw(irks above mentioned, to check the enemy re they should enfilade our lines. The brigade did 'not relish this movement, antl wore reluctant tu *" leave their defences; which Col. A\'aters had been he lii-st to recommend and his regiment the tirst to put up; but they were too good soldiers to hesitate. Jn a few moments they were sjieedily moving by the liauk to the position assigned them, when they came upon the enemy in strong force, so concealed by the rush and underwood, that the lirst intimation of their jirescncc was a sharp volley, which killed and wound- ed quite a mnnber. A line of battle was however formed undeV a galling tire ; ])ut the force of the ene- iiy who now charged upon the brigade was so large, liat Col. Grose was obliged to eifect a luisty retrejlt, u wldch In's bngade fell into considerable confusion, inrings forward his ])owerful reserves, and combining them with the shat- tered divisions which had been driven back again hurls upon our devoteil left a stupendous and over- })Owering fon-e. It v\-as in vain that our noble divi- sions attempted to cheek and drive back this tremend- ous torrent of tresh troops. Valiantly, stubbornly, even desperately did they maintain their ground ; but (b'vision after division was crushed and borne back by liie force of numbers, as well as the fury of the on- diiughts. Sometimes a brigade would be completely overpowered, and finding it hnpossible to mahitain its ground, would break to atoms and rush a few hun- Ired yawls to the rear — not to straggle off and give up the day, but there to reform and agahi ch:ii-ge in- to the thickoi^t of the light, iiuiking the solid columns f the enemy recoil and waver; then on again came ihe heavy masses of the enemy, and a division would "C scattered before it like chalf from the windmill; l)ut though it might go back upon a run, it Avas only to gain a little time, and a few hundred yards to the AVestward the enemy would come upon it as per- icctly organized as before the battle commenced — as determined and resolute as though it had never been lorced to retreat or give up au inch of contested -round. Gen. Thomas was now rirtually commanding the whole army — the gluttonous left had swaUowctl u]) all other commands ; and though the great anSlicriclaii with lii:< entire division i?? separated bv a superior force fruni the left under Gen. 'J'liomas. He rapidly gathers np his scattered brig- ades and strikes into a detilc in Missionary Ridge, hoping still to rejoin the main army, or to reach Chat tan oog^fi. This movement of the enemy in cutting off Sheri- dan, and crusliing Davis' division, swung back our right so that all that remamed of the army -was con- centrated directly in front of the g«.p through Avliicli the road ])assos to li" sviile : and here Gen. Thomas \vas still lioldii,;,' wiili. intlexible tenacity, wlien the in- trepid Gen. Steadman came up Avitli his fresh brig- ade, -svliich "was quickly fyJloMcd by most of Gen. Granger's command; -who immediately went into the iight, with a vigor and ' lily told upon the fatigued and . the ene- my. Tliey had not bei'u]\- this bat- tle ; and though tl- ■■ i' * ' i-v"ch over the mountain ous, beside troops tiiaL ii.i.i ing. Thu^ reinforced, Gin able to maintain his position at: Iik Ixidge, but as the enemy b'\" i ' . tigue; to ]>ress fonvard and lK>sit ions from "vvhich lie had dl'-d orous ami stubborn resistanc3 ; aiul >. its gToomy mantle over the sangidn.ir, master of the gap and road leading to Chattanooga. The enemy was baffled, tiaved, and we were still in possession of • . point of the campaign, tliough a terri!': this day l)een paid for its rctcrition. L r^ in the morning until dark, the battle h.:.\ .■... unabated and relentless fury; but now the tl: 102 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT. of artillery was liuslied, tlie fearful clatter of inusket- ly slowly died away, and soon after dark entirely 83ased. Tlie whole army had fought nobly. Over- powered by superior numbers it had been partially crushed ; but its spirit and resolution was indomitable. The men were not whipped, though they had failed to hold the field. We had lost heavily, but coiLsidering the fary of the contest, for so many hours^incessantly waged, it was by no means so large as might have been expected. The enemy's loss greatly e-xceeded ours, for we had every advantage in the way ©f ai-- tillery. They had depended upon the musket and bayonet almost entirely, and had brought but few batteries into action; while upon our side a host of batteries had been brought into play with trcmcndo^is etfect, during the whole ^day's light. AVe had lost many guns, but they had mown down the enemy most fearfully, until the 4asf moment before tlVey were surrendered. About five o'clock in the evening, a rallying lino had been formed near Rossville, and here all men not wounded were required to fall into ranks ; huii- dreds were coming back looking for their regiments, not excited or frightened, but leisurely au^d quietly as though the army had been victorious. Thousands now fell into ranks at this line, and soon a second line was formed, extending to a considerable distance to the right and left of the main road, and as soon ad night came on the work of reorganizing the scattereel Brigades and the broken Divisions conunenced. — Gen.'s McCook and Crittenden during the afternoon, finding themselves without commands had rode b:ick to Chattanooga, but before dark were again at thc front, and assisted in* collecting and reorganizing the armv. Durmg the night. Gen. l^oinas took a strong posi- 13ATTLE OF CIIICKAMAUGA. lOH tion oil Mi.>.-iuiiarv 11 iu-e, where he could ninko tlic gap ini[)rcgiiable by the enemy, and strong linos ot" 'Teust-works "were thrown up at every position takon. riic remainder of the army was concentrated West ot the liidge near Eossville, and fortified Jheu* position strongly. Cieneral Sheridan, who had been cut off from the main body, and who, with his whole division was said to be captured; about midnight repnvted to (.ten. Thomas, Avith more men and artillery than lie had taken iut(» the fiu^ht on Sunday morninjr. lie had tm-ned the enemy's left flank, liad collected all : he pieces of regiments and scattered troops that came in his way, and had brought off nearly all hi.- ; itillery, and a Avhole battery abandoned by one of ,j 'uuson's (.livision's. During this busy night, the immense wagon trains tit" the whole army were collected in and about Chat- tonooga, and conunenced crossing the Tennessee jiver ; while on the road toward Bridgeport were hundreds 'f slightly, and many severely wounded, who yet be- ing able to walk, were making all i)Ossiblc speed to- ward Ih-idgeport, knowing that they would from that point be hurried back to Nashville, where they could be projterly cared for and iiave their Avounds dressed. The road from Kossvillo to Chattanooga had duriiig the whole afternoon been lined A\ith wounded and strag- glers ; the fomicr received all the care and attentiofv the brigdc stationed in Chattanooga could possible give them — the latter were hurried toward the front by vigilant officers. AVhen the sun arose on ?.londay morning, whioh was chilly and glum as that of Sunday, the army was lying quietly behind the hasty fortifications, the grime of battle still u[)onthe men faceiJ, only changing the firm determined look of inflexible resolution annt ?.r.^v.(ii:)n On r hospitals were now cs- BATTLE OF CH[CKA.A[AL;(>A. 105 tablishcd on tlic Noi-th side of the river, and wero crowded with Avoundcd men, though tlioui=;mds had ah-eady been sent bt ck toward Naahville. The ene- my showed no intention of an immediate attack, but liuldiug a Knu from the river above to the river below t'lc town, were e\idently resolved upon a seige. AV^e have dwelt at considerable length upon the general features of this marvclously terrific battle; and now we would briefly call attention to the part t>ui- nol)lo Kegiment took, in the dreadfully sanguina- ry (.-DTiflict ; one of the hardest fought, and most de- structive, that took jilace during the war. On Saturday our llegiment was upon the skirmish line, when the reconnoisancc was made by the 3'lr brigade, as already mentioned. From tliis dangerous position the line canie back in fine order, and it was not until Palmer's division was moved to the left, that > e were brought into action. From this time until 1 lark, we were in the thickest of the iight, and lost licavily. During the night, we were moved still fur- tlier to the right ; and at daylight on Simday morn- ing were nearly in the center of Thomas' corps. It nvas here that Col. Waters made the tirst start toward building l)reastworks, and within an Iiour our Kegi- ment Juul brought together such a mass of logs, railg^ Mid rocks; that they had ample protection from the -everest musketry, tliat could have been brought to bear upon tliem. Only an hour or so after comwpt- ing this work, were the men who had built, permmed t'> occupy it. 'Hie third Brigade was ordered to the extreme left; ,>ii(l while nnjving l>y the flank to gain this position,-. ^\■ere brought mider ;i heavy Are from tln' concealed • aemy. JSoon the Are became so terril»ly severe that. he brigade was ordered to retreat, and in so doing oas-jod thri.'Ugh a dense undergrowth — in some places 106 HISTOEY OF THE EEGIMENT. a perfect tliicket ; and beiug liurled back in coimision,. •our Eeg'iment, as well as most others of the brigade, was considerably scattered. The thickets and ravines broke it into three pieces, which were separated dur- ing the remainder of the day. Perhaps half the Reg- iment kept their eyes on the Colonel, and rallied the moment he considered it practicable, and, ordered them to form in line. ]\Iore than two whole companies were collected by Captain Ervin, who succeeded in bringing them to main body of the brigade ; and a third portion from the I'ight of the Eegiment, unable to find where the remainder of the regiment had gone, were formed in line and commanded through the day by Capt. Elig- gins, who had been able to hold his company togeth- er during the retreat. But although separated, no part of the Eegiment remained idle, until after the sun had set. Col. Waters not only had .; 1. 1. . .,. ia^. ^IugL..>.i.i;, but collected hundreds of men who were lost from their commands, and with this force, sometimes amounting to almost a bi'igade, was constantly em- plojed, and did some terribly hard fighting. Capt. Ervin's sm-all battalion was likewise increas- ^1 rather than diminished; and held position after po- sition with such indomitable pei'tinacity, that the Brig- ack»,<^'onnnander could not refrain from giving him a wl&mej'ited compliment, in his report of the battle. Tins portion of the Eegiment, justly deserves the cred- it of holding the enemy in check, longer than any part of the Division with which they were fighting ; and it cannot be disputed that they were the last to leave the tield, when the brigade was ordered back to the •foot of Missionary Eidge, late in the ipvening. Xor was Capt. Higgins with his section of the Eeg- iment less busily employed. For a time he attached IIATTLE OF CIIICKAMAL(JA. 107 liii cttinuiand to the lotli Kentuekv Vol., and when this jvgiiiieiit was scattered hkc sparks from the black- ginith's anvil, hy one of those frenzied charges so fre- qnently made during this bloody contest; lie rallied liis companies a short distance to the rear, and with them so many others froni a score of sliattorod regi- ments, that he had more than a full sized regiment, with which to hcl]) in resisting the heavily siu-ging waves of troops, that time and again dashed upon our lines during this day of feai-iul carnage and slaughter. At night the Regiment was again united, and straygc to say, each portion was Rurj)rised to iind t}';it tlic others, had not been wholly taken prisonci-^. It was at tkis time impossible, to ascertain wftat (jur loss had been during the day, and not until tiie amty had fallen back, an ooga, could a reliable report of the killed, r/oimded nnd missing l>c made out. The author during jhe week succeeding the battle, iv:i> .iMc to .^uni up the loss as follows : Killed upon tie field 11 Severely wounded. 77 Missing, 12 Total, 100 Besides the u'oundcd altove named, there were at least tifty, who were so slightly wounded that they re- fused to go to hos]ntal : and most of them were very unwilling that their names should a]>]iear, upon the list of wounded sent; home for publication, realiz- ing the anxiety it would occasion their triends and •kinch'ed. ]\Iany <.)f our severely wounded, had bcc^ necessarily left in the hands of the onemy; and a f w Ave were certain had been taken prisoners. Lieut. Col. ]\lorton, at the time on duty on (.Jen. Palmer's ^tafi", was missinir, and his fate unknown until wcek> 108 HISTORY OF THE EEGDIENT afterwa rd when he was heard fi;om, an inmate ofT^ibl>y Prison. Our loss as a Eegiment, had again been severe, hut- not as fearful as we had met with at Stone River ; many of our bravest men had gone down amid the furious din of battle, and breathed out their noble lives upon the bloody iield, while the leaden rain and iron hail was sweeping down the hosts tliat wcro charging over them; many had been so seriously w^ounded that there M^as scarcely gro'and for hope of their recovery, or that if they did survive, they wvjuld ever again be able to fill their places in 'our thinnod and now twice decimated ranks. Capt. Thomas D. Adams, a man of the most uri- liinching integrity and sterling worth, of purest mor- als and most inflexible courage; whose previous life had been resplendent with many virtues, and who \Vas respected, admired and beloved by the whole Regiment; had been shot through the body on the lirst day, and died ere the battle was renewed upon Sunday morning, after suffering the most excruciating agony. The fall of many noble ones had w^e to la- ment, but none was more generally or sincerely la- mented than Capt, Adams. For the loss of many no- ble comrades were wo called to mourn, but we caimot at this time particularize. This chapter is alreac\y much too long. We cannot close it without mentioning the fact, that at the close of this great battle, we had the pleas- ure of meeting with the 78th Reg. 111. Vols., whicl» we had not seen since Ave left Louisville, Ky., nearly n year before. They had escaped the carnage and .slaughter of Stone River, and though brought into the light at Chickamauga at a late hour, they liad fought with a valor and courage, which reflected lionor upon themselves and our State: and had suiiei-ed perhaps^ i^ATi'LE Oi^' CI1ICIV.UIAUGA. 109 luite as S3verely as many Begiments v/lio took part ia the \vh( lo engagement. IJlit we cannot dwell upon their lighting or fearful loss ; suffice it to say that we were happy to meet them again, and glad to find them attaclied to the noble army that had here again met with severest losses, and overmatched, had been •forced to retire from the gloomy valley of Dead Man's river ; but which, thougli torn to pieces, had ncjt been lost, though sadly weakened in numbers was 3'et un- broken in sjtirit, undaunted by the superior force ar- rayed agaiuit it, and was now determined to hold tlieir positioo on the Soutli si CHAPTER IX. THE SEIGE OF CHATTAN^OOGA. TlieTirmy of the Cumberland, we have seen in the ■foregoing chapter, after being overwhelmed by a vastlj superior force, had i-etired to a liae of defense in front of Clmttanooga; while the enemy had taken a position chrcctly in front, extending his liae from the Tennessee ri\er, above the city along Missionary Ridge nearly to Rossville, thence Westward acrosf. the Chattanooga Valley, to the river at the foot of Lookout 3Iountain. By falling back to a line across the bend of the Tennessee river, in which Chattanoo- go is situated, our lines v^'ere so much contracted tlxit they were fully able to cope with extended lines of the enemy. For more than a week after taking these position?, om* army was almost incessantly employed in throw- ing U]) a strong line of fortifications. Night and day the wcrrk went on, and by the 27th of September the utmost confidence "was expressed, that we could hold the city a^inst any force Gen. Bragg might bring against it. In fact the feeling throughout the army, if expressed in a wish, would have been for the enemy attack us immediately. But though he coveted the ] position of such strategic importance, yet it had been clearly demonstrated on the blood v field of Chicka- SEIGE OF CIIATTAX(XH;A. ni li'iaiiga, that he avouIJ meet with ficivc and determin- ed resistance should he attempt to retake it ; that he would rush his army into a desperate eneounter, in- volving immense slaughter, and perhaps ultimate de- struction, if he attempted to charge our works and take it hy assault, llenec he took a strong position on ^lissionary itidge, and having planted heavy bat- teries upon the side and summit of Lookout Mountain, attempted to harass our forces in their works, while his M'hoife cavalry force was sent to cut oft' our suj)- phes. The city of Chattanooga, at the beginning of the war, probably contained nearly three thoui^and irdj^b- itants: at least one sixth of wlu)m were em^loj«d at its depots, and upon the railroads centtring heic from the East, West, North and South. It^ was dimply u, great railroad ceuter, situated in a d^ej) vyil'ry be- tween the hills that come boldly- up to tht bHuk ot the river. jMa-'t of the busine.-.^ houscf were upoR -Main street, vniicli runs nearly SSouth frjom Uic steam- boat landing to the depots in the South end ©f *he town. Directly ^^'est of it is a high, ?sj)ect Hill, and to tbu3 F4astxTard »uo«ep- sivc ridges foi* neo-rly a inilo, then a brc>ftd raller, separating them from Mi*sionftrT Ridge, lu a ^uth iind Soutli Eftit^rly direction from the. town, th** country is level for several miles. It was a plnee of considerable business, for the railroads from the l>?t and tSouth centered here, at the only ])oint dtcmwl ])racticable to attempt to build a railroad acrow the Cumberland Mountiiins. Its depots and warehousss were large and connaodiou*, and shortl}' after the war conunenceSouth ; a point at which vast stores of arms and ammunition, as well as Quartermasters' ftjid Commissary stores were accumulated. Having from 112 HISTORY OF THE EEGBIENT. this place direct communication ^vltli tlie Cmnberland river at Nashville, with the Tennessee river at Deca- tur below Muscle Shoals, with the whole of Georgia and the Carolinas via Atlanta, and Virginia via Knox- ville and Bull's Gap; it was perhaps the best .point in the whole South, at which to collect the vast stores required by great armies, and hold them in readiness till they should be needed in the field. It was, in brief, not only their great central milita- ry depot, but being situated nearly half way from the rebel seat of government to the Mississippi, on one of the principal tlioronghfares, at the gate or pass in- the Cumberland range, it became a place ot incalcu- lable military importance. It had been Gen. Bragg's base of suppk's during the winter of }862 and 1863, and until he was forced from it by the great fknk 'move^uent, teri^inated by the battle of Chickamaugii. After the bame of Stone Eivey; and • during th» Summer campaign of 1863, the sick and wounded of the rebel army were sent here, and seven hospital buildings were erected under the direction of Gen.- Ih-agg for their aceommodation. That their mortali- ty was very large, was evidenced by the extensive eeme,tery toward the Eastern part of the city; where we n'oticed several hundred new made graves, with wooden head-boards, containing only n, number, or ■occasionally the initiiils of tlie name of the unfortu- nate soldier. When the place fell into our possession tliere were probablj- less than a thousand inhabitants ;,3"emainiijg, for many had left the moment it was k] lown that the rel)el army would be forced to evacuate. Most of the dwelling houses were deserted, and nearly ■all the business l*ou?es closed, and their contents re- moved. The i^laye had suffered severely while Bragg Avas occirpying it, and wdien he found himself forced to give it up ; but this was trilling beside the usage it S!':i(;i': ()i" ('iiA'ir.worKiA. ii:; received \vlu'ii occinticd l)_v <»iiri>jife-, and iti-i'ii;( u iiv the iiriiiy lately driN'Cii IVoiu it, and i-iiice btrongly re- inibioed. After the work on the iorlificatiou.^ luul hocn most vigorously prosecuted for ahout a ■week, the excessive labor Avas relaxed. Oidv about one third of the men were detailed daily for this duty, and some opportunity ■\vas given for rest, now imperatively re({uired, after so many days and nights incessant activity. Now, all the movements of the army were discussed, thousands of incidents upon the battle field were re- lated, and the annalist or historian had an oppoi'tunity to gather up the leading facts, to spread upon the record for prc.-scrvation. The conduct of every regiment u})on the held was now canvassed ; each brigade and division was claiming its own, of the laurels to be awarded the whole army, for its obstinate yet unavailing effort to maintain its position upon the Chickamauga ; and es- pecially did the conduct of cfficers of all ranks and grades, become the theme of common conversation. It was most remarkable what a change of feeling had taken place in the army, (perhaps we .should con- fine it the 2nil division), in respect to the General com- manding. . At the battle of Stone lliver, Gen. Rose- crans had shown himself so brave, so determined and resolute, so captible of wringing a victory out of an apparent defeat, by a speedy rearrangement orin-okcn and shattered columns; ; that lie at once became im- mensely popular with the whole of his command. The ^'immer campaign had added to this already exalted ination, and when the movement was being carried fr' ; that gave us Chattanooga: yea even until the trrii- battle upon Dead Man's river was nearly ended, he wa.-i ike boast, the p'Vide, the very idol of his grand army. But now, vhcn the smoke and dust of battle had cleared away, when the incidents of that .furious* conflict were bein^' recounted and reviewed: how wa.s it 114 HISTOPtY OF THE EEGIMENT. ■with our admired, illustrous, and heretofore almo- worshiped champion and commander ? Alas ! the hal»i of his glory had wasted away. Eew were there who would openly speak in a derogatory or condemntory manner of hira, or his singular conduct ; yet his early return from the hattlo field to Chattanooga on Sunday afternoon; leaving the whole task of bringing the de- voted army out of the awful crisis, aild saving it from utter destruction entirely to others; was often mcntior- ed with a shake of the head or a sigh, that express; all a true soldier would wish his friends andcom^'ades to understand. Yes, Gen. Eosecrans had terribly fallen in the estimation of the rank and file of the army. And in the very hour that he was losing his high position in their affection and esteem; the indomitable Gen. Thom- as, respected and beloved before, on account of his in- flexible resolution, his sublime strength of will and cour- age, his incomparable ability to meet, check, baffle, and eventually hold at bay, a force immensely superior to his own, was securing tbe eternal gratitude, respect and love of all that remained of the Army of the Cumber- land; the gratitude, esteem and admiration of all true patriots in the whole nation. The star jof Rosecrans' glory had not set ; while the records of the battlefields of lukaand Stone River remain, it can never bo entire- ly obscured. But on that eventful day the star of Gen. Thomas, one of the brighest planets in the military constellation, had beamed forthwith such effulgence and intensity, that all eyes were directed to-ward it ; and Avhen the awful conflict was ended, it was near the zenith, while that of our former favorite was sadly ' overclouded. . As Gen. Rosecrans had lost in the affec- tions of his command, so, except in a greater degree, had Gen. Thomas gained. Aiyl while few tuue sol- diers ever ventured, at least Avhile in the service, to express fully their sentiments; all seemed to regret the misfortune of our brave and resolute "Old Rosy,'' Ami SEIG.E OF CIIAT1\\X00( ; A. l ] .j rvll wore rapturous in their praise, ami never wearicl in expressing their esteem swid admiration, for "tlic lioio ut" Cliickumauga." On the evening of Scptcmher 2Gtli, ahout 11 o'doek p. m., the enemy made their hrst dash or charge upon our formidable fortifications. For lialf an hour there Avas a sharp chatter of musketry, interspersed Avith the constant boom of heavy artillery ; but it turned out to be only a reconnoisaacc in force, a morouiont to as- coftain the strength of our lines; and consci[ucntly as soon as the single d;ush was made, the enemy fell back to their former position, and all again became quiet u])on the picket lin<^. Oh the 2Vtk, an arrangement rras effected with tlie enemy, in regard to our ATounded left upeu the battle field, and in field hospitals. Gen. Bragg after dc- «a:}dmg an immediate surrender of the city, had afre«4 to permit two hundred of our ambulances to p»s« tknoBgh hijs llTiw to the hospitals, near Crawfi^h Jjpriugs: to briagin all our vounded who were then iinent or more of the enemy, half Avay between the tAvo anuics. The llegi«iont fi*oni onr m-my roav h«,kod ; tke train was suj^plied wpth a neAV set of drivers froia tke rebel regiment, and went for- Avard to the Hospitals, Avifheut the attcnda)ice cf a man from the Federal army. SloAfly tke day paj^cil by and wight came on, and still the train did nos return. MaKy considered it entirely lost, and severely censnrcHl (ren. llosecra»s for sending it in this way into the basils o-f an enemy, Avho had not on all occasious prorcd eutirclv' trustworthy or honorable. Eut about midnight the tram began to come in, and before morning some six or sevci"! hundred of our noble boys, were cpiietly re.'^tiivg upon cots and mattresses in our avcII provided Hospital*:, re- ceiving every attention that skillfal Surgeons and kind IIG HISTOllY OF THE REGIMENT. nurses could bestow. They had suffered terribly Vihiio in the hands of the enemy. But little attention liad been paid to their Avounds, and day after day they were furnished with no other article of diet, than a sort of gruel, made of sour and musty corn meal ; occasionally, they had beef soup, and upon such fare, sufi'ering as they were, nearly all were reduced in flesh and strength, so that it was very difficult to recruit them. ^Y'e learned from several members of our Regiment, Vvho vrcre so unfortunate as to be wounded and taken priso- ners ; that when our ambulance train arrived at the rebel hospital, the wounded men were informed that they could get into the train, and go to Chattanooga; but no assistance was given them, and there were many who were totally unable to walk, or to move without assistance. Yet the thought and prospect of .retuTning to their friends; of receiving care, attention and sym- pathy, and diet that was palatable and invigorating; roused many of them from their beds of straw, and helped them to drag their emaciated bodies to the am- bulances. Men wifth brolcen limbs assisted each other, and roused by excitement, nearly all who remained alive under the cruel treatment they had received as priso- ners, succeeded in getting into the train. As soon as they reached our lines, they were furnished Avith food and stimulants, and vrhen they finally reached our hospitals every attention was bestowed upon them ; but Avith many, alas ! it vraa too late. Our soldiers who escorted the train, stated that the wounded men a« they passed into our lines, AS'ould ask the first soldier they saw in blue for ''hard tack;" and many a poor fellow lay and nibbled upon one for an hour as the train was com- ing in, declaring it the sv/eetest food he had ever tasted. Many of our severely wounded, left in the hands of the rebels, had died before the ambulances Avcnt out; and a large proportion of those brought in weje too much cinaclale:! cxcr to recover. Probably not onD out cf SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 117 ;wenty, of the severely wounded, survived. On the 30th of September, our Brigade was removed rom the front line, which it had occupied, and con- tantly worked upon since the night of the 21st, to a )osition in the edge or out skirts of the city ; and from his time the details to work on the fortifications were nuch lighter, and the men had an opportunity for rest md recreation. On the same day Adjt. Charles E. ^Yaters resigned, having been severely afflicted with ■synovetis," since about the first of February; and be- ng entirely disabled for any kind of duty in the army, Russell W. Caswell, 2nd Lieut, of co. G, who had )een for several months acting Adjutant, was shortly ifterward promoted to the Adjutantcy. Toward evening September 28th, a heavy rain set in, he first that had fallen since the 16th of August, and t continued nearly every day or night for about a nonth. The weather became cool and the nights chilly md uncomfortable as soon as the rainy season set in, md our men began speedily to build winter quarters. A.t first materials were quite plenty, for but little re- ;triction was placed upon the men, and they first took lown the board fences in the city, next the barns, sheds, itables and outbuildings; and before all could procure lumber most of the unoccupied houses were torn down, :md converted into shanties of every conceivable de- scription. This destruction of property was absolutely tiecessary, from the fact, that our men wcye scantily supplied with blankets; but few could be procured, and lacking blankets, the men must have huts and houses to shelter them from the pitiless rain, and the pinching cold and chilliness of the nights. On the 4th of October, our Regiment was sent cjt to guard a forage train ; and crossing the Tennejrsee River went up on the opposite side about thirty ruilcs before they were able to find corn to load it. Along Sails Creek they found a small quantity, which they 118 HISTORY OF THE REGK^IENT, secured, and returned on the 6th to Chattanooga, Three weeks later not a load of forage could be found within fifty miles of Chattanocga, on the North aide of the Tennessee. On the 5th, the enemy having got some of their heavy batteries into position on the top and side of Lookout Mountain, opened upon our line South of the city, and threw an occasional shot far beyond our works and even into the midst of the besieged army. But the guns were at such an elevation, and the dis- tance so great, that there was no certainty in their fir- ing, and very little damage was done, though their ai'til- leTy practice was continued for weeks. About this time Gen. Hooker arrived at Bridgeport, with the 11th and 12th Army Coi'ps, nuHibering about twelve or fifteen thousaaid men, and commenced moving up the Tennessee valley toward Lookoisit Montain. Day after day we had reports of his moveaient?, and were daily expecting he would make an attack iii tkat quarter, but the reports were almost groundless ; it was not until two weeks afterward, tlisit he came through the pass at Whiteside and took a position in front of Lookout, at a point which about this time 6ook the name of Wauhatchie. The old Army of the Cumberland was now being re- organized. The 20th and 21st Corps were united wat-h the 4th and 14th, and Gens. Crittenden and McCook being relieved of 'heir commands, started for Indian- apolis, where tlu^v were to have an investigation of their alleged misconduct at Chickamauga. The reorganiza- tion caused many regiments to move to the right and le.''.:., along ihe line ; .but it was our good fortune t© re- U: ition. The command of both our division f!,~: . ;, remained the same;- but tLe Gth Regiment was transferred fi-om oui' brigade to Gen. .icn. r^nd the 59th, 75th and 80th 111. Vols., -d Ind. Vols., were incorporated vSIECJE OF Cli A'l'rAXi >0(-iA. 110 into tlio third brigade. Our position was now in the •M Brigade, 1st Division, 4th Army Corps. About tlie 10th of October we first began to rcali::c that our rations Avere growing scant. Our Division was much more fortunate tlian most others when the siege began ; for as each division had its separate Com- missary, and ours had been most energetic in bringing forward supplies from Bridgeport ; Ave had more than 40 000 rations on hand, AThen tlic enemy by taking possession of Lookout Mountain, closed our direct route to Bridgeport, the base of our supplies. Hence, though a considerable part of the army Avas on half rations almost from the outset, we Avere not reduced to this extremity until all the supplies on hand Avcre turned 'u to the Post Commissary, and all Averc made to share liike. As early as the liHh, scant half rations were issued, and this Avas all that could possibly be obtained, for all oUr supplies AVcre noAv brought over Walden's Bidge, by a circuitous route, from Stevenson, Ala. The enemy had gradually extended their line North- ward from the Western slope of Lookout, until they established an outpost on the river, at the Narrows about four miles NorthAvest of Chattanooga. The only route noAv open to our supply trains was, after crossing the river at Chattanooga, to go about twelve miles nearly due North up the river bottom to Toe's Tavern, then ascend Walden's Ridge, and crossing di- rectly over it to the Nortlnvest, come into the Sequat- chee valley at Dunlap ; then pass doAvn this valley to ihe moutli of Battle Creek, and from thence take a direct route to Stevenson, passing about three or ftur miles to the North of Bridgepc^-t. Thus we had to Iring all our supplies over one of the highest and steepest ridges of the Cumberland iMountains, and along the Sequatchee and Tennessee valleys, whi«h thi rains had rendered almost impassible, tho distance ul" ninety miles, Avhen in a direct line it Avas only thirty- 120 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. seven miles from Stevenson to Chattanooga. All the wagon trains of our army were now kept constantly upon the road ; hut it took a train from fourteen to twenty days to go to, and return loaded from Steven- son. Once an attempt was made, to run a section of our Division train through to Stevenson, by way of the pass at the South end of Walden's Ridge, called the Narrows, on a more direct line, hut the enemy's sharp- shooters nearly destroyed it. They let the whole train come quietly into the pass between the river and moun- tain, and then commenced shooting down the mules near the front and rear, so that the road was completely block- ed at both ends. One driver was killed and three were wounded before they could escape; and probably one fourth of the mules of the entire train wore shot down before the drivers could cut them loose from the wagons a,nd bring them out. The driver killed was jNIonroe Harland, of co. B, 84th 111. Vols., one of the best soldiers of the Regiment; a young man of excellent habits, and fine abilities, and highly respected by his own company and all who knew him. This route being effectually closed, we had only the one above mentioned, and this was daily becoming more difficult; for the rain still continued, and the heavy army wagons cut the roads to pieces wherever they passed. Indeed a good portion of the to-p of "Walden's Ridge, as well as the whole breadth of the Sequatchee valley became a broad road ; for new roads were daily rat or laid out, and trains, to avoid impassable places, turned to the right and left, until the country for miles was marked with wagon tracks. As early as the 14th of October, the whole force hemmed in at Chattanooga, were reduced to an allow- ance of less than half rations of pork, hard tack, sugar and coOee, and these vrerethe only articles of diet that could bo furnished. Our noble Colonel had directed SEIGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 121 ihe author to buy several boxes of liard Ijreail, before rations became so scarce, and tliese lie now ordered is- sued to the Regiment; and they not a little helped to piece out our scanty allowance. Probably but few men of the Regiment ever knew of this generous conduct on his part, and we are now most happy to give him pub- licly, the credit he so justly deserved. But the scarcity of rations was not our only source of annoyance. The rebels were constantly sending down rafts of logs to break in two our pontoon bridges across the river, and thus cut oft' our only avenue of supplies. They crossed a largo cavalry force both above and be- low the city, and Nvere constantly harassing and at- tacking our trains. The weather was now getting quite cold, and though no wood had been wasted, wo had burned up every loose stick of timber, board and log in and about the town, and were gradually sweeiwng otf every tree and shrub to, and even beyond our picket lines. • By the 20th, rations were still more pinched and scanty, and often when a wagon train came in from .Stevenson, a crowd of soldiers were seen to assemble at t-lie storehouse, to pick up every piece of cracker as large as a pea, that dropped while the train was being unloaded; and to even huld thc'r hats under the end of the wagon bed, to catch the still smaller crumbs that chanced to fall. Yet did they talk of surrender, or of being driven from their works ? i^.t\cr. They were resolved to hold the position, and. t^ ■ i ltIi suftering se- verely, there was very little repiiiii nbliough Gen. i->ragg several times demanded an ii surrender, they soouted the proposition, and i. (he idea of :is forcing the remnant of the arm} ' Cumber- ' ind, from Chattanooga. The spirit o urmy was -till unbroken, their resolution unshaken, i.^h fam- hie was now staring them in the face. On the 20thj the news was received that Gm. Grant 122 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT had taken command of the Department, and was al- ready at Nashville. This was hailed >vith shouts and cheers, long, loud and jubilant. "Gen. Grant al- ways has men enough," says one. "He'll hoist Old Bragg off of Lookout," adds another. "He'll open a road to Bridgeport, and give us full rations," says a third hungry soldier ; and little else wa^s thought of or talked about during the day. On the same day Gen. Rosecrans started for the North, leaving Gen. Thomas in command of the beseiged city. On the 23d of October, Gen. Grant arrived at Chat- tanooga, and trook command of the army. It was now evident to all, that unless some energetic movement was promptly made within a few days, the place with all its forts and immense triple lines of fortifications, must fall into the hands of the enemy. Gen. Hooker was within seven or eight miles of us ; but the enemy were holding a broad, deep river, and a strongly forti- fied mountain ridge between his valiant little army, and ours first reduced by battle, and since by disease, con_ tracted by reason of scant rations, and a total lack of vegetable diet. o Our wagon trains, constantly dragcred throuoih tlW deep mud and over mountain ranges, were now com- pletely worn our, and hundreds of mules had died all along the road to Stevenson. It is said that enough were killed upon the circuitous route before mentioned, to have made a single line of carcasses touching eacli other from Chattanooga to Stevenson, but Ave think this estimate quite too large. It is certain, however, that our means of bringing forward supplies, was greatly lessened and constajitly diminishing — and that the army was in imminent danger of being forced from its position by starvation, when Gen. Grant arrived. The next day our Division, now the 1st, and still commanded by Gen. Palmer, received the ©rder to be ready to march at 2 o'clock, a. m., on the morning of SIE(^E OF CHATT^VNOOGA. 125 the 25tli, and before dark all the transportation be longing to the Division was in readiness to cross tlie river as soon as it Avas dark. Rations and ammunition were drawn and issued to the men, and all was in readi- ness to strike tents and leave Chattanooga, as soon an "Revielle" was sounded in the morning. Rut before we bade adieu to the beleaguered city, the monotony of camp life was broken by the news of the Ohio election. We had not been able to get news- papers for several days, but this evening tlit-y came, i?ontaining almost full returns from the election, in whicli every soldier in the Department of the Cumber- land had taken an interest ; and showed that Brough was elected over Vallandingham, by at least 60,000 majority. As soon as the news was received a loud, long ringing cheer, sounded from one extremity, of camp to the other; along the line of fortifications from the River above to the River below the City, and cheer succeeded cheer for hours ; proving most conclusively the depth, ft-rvor and intensity of the joy that dwelt in the hearts of all true soldiers. The rebels got the idea that we were receiving reinforcements ; but we had something better than that — a victory had been won — a victory more decisive of the fate of the rebel- lion than any achieved upon the bloody battle-field. Yes, this election extinguislu'd the last lingering hope in the minds of the rebels, that the North was ilivided and that they would receive assistance from the North- west. The result of this election proved the North to be r.o longer a distracted and divided people, but united indis- solid)ly for the suppression of the rebellion, by force of arms. Hence, the result was of more consequence than even the fall of A'icksburg ; its moral efleot a hundred foM greater. CHAPTER X. THfi MARCI.I FROil CHATTANOOfiA TO WHITESIDE— DE- SCRIPTION OF THE BATTLE OP LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AND MISSIONARY EIDCtE. At two o'clock, on the morning of October 25th, 1863, Gen. Pahncr's Division strnck tents, and about an hour later commeHiced crossing the Tennessee Riv- er, on the Pontoon bridge. We had not the least idea where we were going, but the general impression was, that a movement was on foot to open communi- cation with Gen. Hooker's command. The whole Division had crossed the river l)efore daylight, and started in a Northwesterly direction towards " the Narrows," where a wagon road runs along the bank of the river, at the Southern extremity of Waldeii's Ridge. Instead of passing down the River on this road, we took a road winding up the end of the ridge, and began the ascent, which we found steep, and in some places quite difficult. About three miles con- stant climbing, brought us to the top of the Ridge. We were surprised, when nearly half way up the mountain, to lind a stream of water, some three rods wide, dashing directly down toward the Tennessee river, having a fall of not less than three hundred feet per mile. The scenery as we came toward the sum- mit, was singularly grand, and imposing ; but Momi- .MAliClI TO \VIIiTESlDE. Iir, taih scenery however romantic and beautiful, ccar^ts to attract admiration, when constantly Leheld ; and seldom does the soldier burdened by his knapsack, musket and accoutrements, give much attention to the lovely, grand or beautiful m Nature. We marclied but a iew miles in the aftcrnot.in, up- on the sunnnit, along a road recently laid and cut out through a sceuiingly interminable forest, and went into camp about three o'clock P. M. The next morn- ing we set forward towards Dunlap, but liuding the roads in that direction quite impassible for the artille- ry and wagon trains, turjied to the Southward, and took the road leading down into Sequatchee valley at Anderson's Cross Koads. ^,Vo did not however de- scend into the valley, but when we came to the West- ern slope of the mountain, turned directly to the left, aud passed along the to}* of the ridge, where we could look down into the valley, some hfteen hundrepy and scout employed by our Cienerals. Here we fjund Co. A. IGth liegt. Ills. Vols, encamped, and jiassed a very pleasant hour with some of our towns- men. They informed us they had for some weeks, been on duty at this outpost, guarding this I'oad up tlnj mountain, over which su})plieSj were taken to Ciiattanooga. Leaving their camp we crossed a deep gulch, then passed over a narrow ridge and descended into the Sequatchee valley, where we encamped for the night. <.>n the 28th, we moved down the valley about ten miles, and encamped near Kankin's Ferry, on the Tennessee River. Gen. Palmer was about this tinu; relieved from the connnand of the 2nd Division, and 120 lilSTOKY OF THE EEGBIENT. •ordered to report to Gen. Thomas at Chattanooga. Gen. Grant had placed Gen. Thomas in command of the Department, and Gen Thomas selected Gen. Palmer to command the 14th corps, which still re- mained at Chattanooga. Gen Crnft being the senior or ranking officer, took command of the Division ; and on the 'following day we moved down the Ten- nessee river to Shellmonnd, where a Pontoon Bridge had hcen thrown across by the Pioneer Corps, upon which our Brigade crossed about dark and soon after- wards went into camp. ^\^e now learned that important movements had taken place in the vicinity of Chattanooga, since our ^leparture. Gen Ha/?en's Brigade of Gen. Wood's Division, had on the night of the 29th descended the I'iver in pontoon boats, and passing directly beneath tlie enemy's ])afteries, on the point of Lookout j\Ioiln- tain; had lande^d alx)ut two miles below, and fortilied their position on the AVest side of the River, which at this point runs nearly due North. Gen. Hooker liad for some days been pressing in toward the mouth of Lookout Creek, and after failing in a night attack to dislodge him, or Gen. Hazen's Brigade from their fortiiied positions, the enemy withdrew to their strong defences on Lookout Mountain. By this means a di- rect road was opened from Gen. Hooker's camp and Kelley's ferrv, to Chattanooga. The steamboats, y/hich before this time had been lying at Bridgeport, now began to run up to Kelley's Ferry with large quantities of Commissary Stores, which were transport- ed in wagons a distance of only eight miles to Clmtta- nooga. Yet by this time, the transportation of the army was so completely v/orn out, that it was Vv'ith ex- treme difficulty that the troops at Chattanooga were supplied with half rations. On tlie 30th, the 1st Brigade of our Division was IN CAMP AT WiHTKSIDE. 127 ^Liit to liiidgeport, Ala., the 3d Brigade to White- >id(!', and the 2iid Brigade went into camp jit 8hell- niouiuh at which places they remained during the en- suing three months, usually the severest portion ot' a Southern winter. Although our Brigade (ikl) marcli- to AMiiteside on the 30th of October, it was not until the 2nd of November that a permanent Camp was laid off, and the men began to put up winteV quar- ters. Whiteside is a Raiload Station situated on a small stream called Falling Waters, which rises in the Kac- roon ]Mountains West ot Lookout, and empties into the Tennessee. Nearly at the head of this stream there is a pass or gap between the mountains, and through this the railroad from Bridgeport to Chatta- nooga passes ; leaving the Tennessee river a few miles above Shellmound; a-nd coming to the bank of the river again at the base of Lookout mountain. Near AVhitesidc in the midst of the Baccoou mountains, the railroad crosses the valley of Falling AVatcrs, and here, the rol)els in falling back frore the cars coulil run to Wauhatchie, where Ceiv Plooker was still en- camped ; and the enemy mfl.^ be dislodged from Lookout mountain, before the rjiilroad cauld be put in repair, from this camp to Chattanooga. As soon as we arrired at "\\ttiit'e?ide, a large force of mechanics wime.oH from Nasirhvill*, to wo.'koiithi^ high bridge; and our Brigade was stationed about half a mile above the bridge at tHe 11. B. Station, to guard the pj\»* in the Baecoon mountains, while the bridge was reconstructed. As it w<)uid take at leasi two months to biuld a tre?tl«-wurk bridge, we were; / 128 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. assured tliat we should remain in camp, at least long enough to pay us well for building good quarters. A good camping ground was not to he found in the midst of the mountains, yet in the course of a few days, four regiments were stationed along the hill- side, on the North side of the valley in Tennessee, and the remainder on the South side, in the State of Georgia. The camp of our Regiment w^as on the North side near the Railroad Station, and very speedily our en- ergetic men set to work building Winter quarters ; constructing huts and hous.es of logs, and plank and rocks, whicii they generally roofed with shelter tents; and as soon as cliimneys were built, in each "shebang," as a shanty w^as commonly c ailed ; Ave were prepared to live quite comforttibly. All the ^lollows or passes leading into the one in which Whiteside is located; ex- cept the one through whi'ch the road passes to Wa?i- hatclic, were now l)loekaded by falling the heavy growth of timber along the sides of eacli, and soon heavy details were set to work on fortiiications. About the 10th of Novenber, the cars began to run to the bridge near Whiteside, IVom Bridgeport, and from this timCj we had abundance of all kinds of sup-- ]>lies. Besides the unremitted work on the fortiiica- ' tions, oua* Regiment was frequently detailed to guard wagoti trains across to, Gen. Hooker's lines, and while thus enjoying good Winter quarters, the men were ul- moipt constantly on dutj'. On the lUth of No veraber* a. Division of Gen. Sher- man's Corps jiassed Whiteside, going towards- Chat- tanooga, in which were the SQtli Regt. Ills. Vols., and loth Regt. Ho. Vols.; and in those Regiments many of our men found a score of old friends and ac- quaintences. The same evening, we had orders to be ready to march on the following morniug, and not a IN CAMi^ ATAVJirrKSlDK. 120 little p;iMiml)Hniit our cain]>, tli:it we Hiliould be so soon sent from our couilbrtablc Juits aud shanties. But morning came, and uith it no oi-ders to Ijreak up cam]>; but all that day and the next, Gen. Sherman's army was passing, and from tliom wo learned, that (Jen. fSherman had ]>romisod tliem a "light or a footrace," before the 2.jth of tlie month. They had marched directly across tlie coun- tiy from the ;^Iississippi liivcr, subsisting mainly uj)on the foi'age it afforded, and M'crc in line health and coiidition for an engagement. On tlie morning of the 2;-5d we received four months ]>ay. and within an hour afterwards having received oi'ders, were moving towards Chattanooga; together witli the 2d Brigade which had the evening before C"me up from Shelhnound. ]?efore setting out on tlii> expedition, all of each lleginient who were sick or unaljle to travel, were directed to remain in camp and ]>i-eserve it uninjured ; one Regiment was left to guard the wliole Brigade Camp ; and from the^e arrange- ments we felt confident, tliat within a short time we sliould we allowed to return to our good quarters, on the Southern side of 3Iount ^'Etna. We marched that evening to the camp recently oc- cupied by the 11th Corps, which M-e found had Avith- in day (* two been ordered into Chattanooga. All day we had heard heavy cannonading, at and appar- eurly beyond Chattanooga ; and now learned that ping at Chattanooga, bail passed up on the North side of the river and was ni«\v attacking the enemy at the Northern extremity of ■\li>>ionary Ridge. It was after dark ])eforc we went into camp, and the ]>opition of the enemy upon Look- out mountain,. could be plainly seen from where we lay; uid from the area covered with camp liies, there was e\ idently only two or three Brigades liolding this al- most impregnable position. 13^) HISTOHY OF THE REGlMEiST. Tlic nioniiug of November 24th, 1 8fiH, was damp^ foggy and dismal. As soon as it was fairly lii^lit, our Brigade moved directly towards the base of Lookout iiountain ; and the' 2nd Brigade, being temporar^: • attached to Gen. (Jeary's Division of the 12th Corp with Gen. Osterhans, Division Of the Gen. Slierma,- army, moved about three miles to the Southward, and there succeeded in crossing Lookout Creek, vvhich runs nearly paralel with the ridge and almost at its Western base. Having crossed, they began slowly to advance up the mountain, at the same time marching towards the nose or* Northern extremity, instead of directly towards the summit. This threw the right v.-ing of the advacing line much higher up the moun- tani the left, where our Regiment was stationed. By the time the main force was ready to begin the as- sault, our Regiment had with no little difliculty wade ! the creek, (a rapid stream with steep leanks, and no\,' fully four feet deep,) and drove the enemy from their skirmish pits, in the open field upon the opposite side. The fog now cleared away, and the heavy batteri^ stationed on strongly fortified ridges West of Look- out Creek, began to play upon the enemy's lines, nuw in full view, and confronting our advancing columns. We know not how it may liave been with general ofticers, but up to this time the rank and file of the army, at least in our Division, had scarcely imagined that Gen. Hooker would attempt to take Lookout Mountain, itself almost inaccessible, and nowstrongJy fortified, by storm. All tliought it was a )novement to divert attention from Gen Sherman. But now the- order to charge was given, and slowly yet steadily the assailing lines of battle swept up the rugged mountain, driving before them the enemy's heavy line of skirmishers, which gradually fell back «pon the main line of battle : while our twenty pomnd lUTTLE OF LOOKOUT 31oL'.\TAIX. mi Parrots were incessantly throwing eliells into the \ ci-v inid^t of tlio wavering enemy, so that tliey weic t'orecd to give way as our nnbruken, irreptitious line advanced. Every nioiiient now, the liring became more rapid, for while the charging line was rapidly nearing the summit, the enemy were rapidly bringing into action their entire ellective force. Every bat- tery that could be made to bear upon the enemy, was now each moment hurling amongst them, rapid rounds of terror-inspiring shells; and when our forces, having surmounted the very steep and rocky portion of the mountain, we*'e nearly half way up to the sum- mit and rapidly nearing tlie bench, or le^» preciptious portion, below the tower or extreme Northern peak, the enemy's line suddenly gave way, and fell baelc in the •greatest possible confusion. Our men went forward '.vith a cheer, and in a few minute* took hundj-eds of >Tisi>iiers, and drove the rebels in a .mass along th« iiorthern slope of tlie mountain. ^ . At this moment the prospect, which to the specta- tor upon the fortrtietl riJge directly opposite, and wheiv the b;Uteries were statJoiiepearcd to be in djjtorder, •on fused, demorali/.ed and oji full retreat. AVerd hey still retreating or had they been i-einfwced '? Wei'e our men reallv victowuus or lia«i tl)«"'v o*iIt 132 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. gained a temporaiy advantage, while the enemy had not been able to bring his whole force into action ? — Not long were we (spectators) Jeft in suspense. The rain began to fall, and the clouds settled down, until the field where the battle had been raging half an hour before was in full view ; and our forces had full possession of it, having driven the enemy back entirely around the Northern slope of the mountain. Soon a long column of prisoners began to come across the Creek, and we learned that the day was ours ; that the enemy were still holding a part of tlie opposite side of the mountain, but must give way, as soon as our forces had rested and were prepared for another charge. The men were so completely exhausted by the charge up the mountain, that having securied a strong position. Gen. Hooker wisely determined to rest un- til morning. Nor is it at all surprising that the charg- ing forces were exhausted. They had rapidly fought their way for two miles, up the mountain side, not only steep, and full of gulches and ravines; but cov- ered with huge rocks, tumbled down in desultory masses, with every space filled with . underbrush, dwarfed and gnarled until almost impenetrable. The traveler who in future years may be visiting famous battlefields, may possibly attempt to climb this rugged ascent, unencumbered l>y gun, cartridge- box or accouterments; but he will find ere he progres- ses half way from Lookout Creek, to the open held, on tlie bench below the tower, that his limbs are growing weary;and that only a vigorous man. can sur- mount the ol)stacles constantly met with, on every rod of the mountain side. Truly this charge was one of the most wonderful on record, and perhaps no oth- er General than Hooker, in the whole Union army, would have had the hardihood to order it. But it SIEGE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 133 proved a success, and was one of the most stupend- ous, and at the same time, most brilliant achievements of our army during the war. The loss in making the grand charge was veiy light indeed, amounting to less than two hundred killed and wounded, in the whole assaulting force of three Divisions. Our llegiment being upon the extreme left wing met with the greatest difficulty in crossing the creek under a heavy iire, at the a cry opening of the engagement ; and at that point we had three men wounded, which was our only loss during the day. In ascending the mountain, our Ivcgiment was ex- tremely fortunate in being near the main Avagon-road, and hence wliere they could ascend without serious im]>ediment. When the enemy^s main line give way, our Kegiment swung rapidly round to the left, and in less than half an hour took more prisoners, than wu had men engaged ; and Gen. Hooker noticing the ichicvcment, upon the spot bestowed his warmest praises and commendation upon the officers and men of the Ecgiment. It is remarkable tliat three Divisions, which had never before belonged to the same aniiy, or fought in the tiame Department, were coml)ined to make this exti;aoruinary and famous chiirge. Gen. Osterhaus' Division belonged to the Army of the 3lississip]>i, and recently from Vicksburg ; Gen. Geary's Division be- o]!;jiiiu 1 the 12tli Corps, and was recently from the 1' icniiic; and the two brigades of the 1st Division Corps, hnd lopg been a part of the Army of the ' • tliey reser\'c Divisions, tlu'own _ . ^ . of the moment because availa- ble? Ur was it a deliberate design on the pai-t of (.'en. Grant, by bringing together three Divisions [from armies heretofore widely separated, to excite an emulation or spiiit of rivalry that would make each 134 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. determined iic^to be surpassed, and the whole daunt- less and irresistable ? On the morning of the 25th of November, just as the sun ^^ias rising, the Star Spangled Banner floated out proudly to the breeze, from the towering summit of Lookout Mountain. The enemy had in the latter part of the night withdrawn from the Eastern slope of Lookout Mountain, and also Chattanooga valley, and soon after daylight our Regiment was upon the skirmish line of the army under Gen Hooher, ad- vancing toward RossviUe. The enemy had evidently retreated in great haste, for they not only abandoned a large quantity of Stores at the foot of the moun- tain, but strewed the road for several miles with for- age, and other cumbersome articles of Camp and Garison Equipage. We found the valley of Chatta- nooga creek, between Lookout Mountain ank ]\Iission- ary Ridge entirely deserted except % a hui^ed or more of the enemy's conscripts, who had tami this opportunity to desert ; and now came out from their hiding places, and welcomed our advancing line. At Chattanooga Creek, the retreating enemy had halted long enough to destroy the bridges, and here General Hooker was compelled to stop with his command, un- til a temporary bridge could be constructed for his artillery and ammunition trains to cross upon. While Lookout Mountain was being charged, ta- ken ang occupied, the remainder of the army had not been idle. Gen. Sherman was pressing the enemy heavily upon the north end of Missionary Ridge, and ' Gen. Thomas' army had advanced nearly half-way from the fortifications of Chattanooga to the foot of the ridge ; and now while Geu. Hooker was waiting to cross Chattanooga Creek, the battle was raging fu- riously on the Northern portion of Missionary Ridge, where Gen. Sherman was making but slov/ progress, SIECJE OF LOOiCOUT MOU.\TAIX. l;;5 V iiavini;- the !)ulk ofCTCii. Brugg's army to t»p])ose Lini. About thi^>e o'clock the bridge across Cluittanougu Creek being completed, the ArtQlerv begau to crobe;, and (ren. Osterliaus' Division speedily advanced through the gap at Rossville, followed by a part of the l"Jth Corps, and the 1st Diuision ol the 4th Corj's , Avhidi on reaching llossville inmiediately ascended theTtidge, to strike the enemys left flank while the other Divisions struck them further in the rear. But about the time lieu. Hooker's command were crossing Chattanooga Creek, to take the positions above indi- cated, Uen. Crranthad ordered the charge on the ene- my's center ; and the 14th Corjis -with Wood's and ►Sheridan's Divisions ot the 4th Coi-ps made the cele- liaated and deservedly lamons charge up the ridge, driving the enemy in confusion before them. ISo,- Avhen oui- Division reached the to}> of the ridge and advanced to thej Northward, Cien. Thomas' com- mand were just reaching the sununit from the front, and Cen. Sherman wjis slowly forcing the enemy back from the Northern extremity : and thus assailed simultaneously on three sides, by forces that seemed determined to overcome every obstacle that nature or military art and prowess could place in their way ; the enemy being thrown into the greatest confusitui and dismay, began hastily to retreat, and descend the ridge to the Eastward. So rapid had been the movements of our forces, that thousands were unable to escape the victorious columns closing in around them, and were taken pris- oners. Almost all the artillery which the enemy had on the whole Ridge Avas captured, as well as a large amount of Military Stores : and could our army have had a few more hours of daylight : could Cicn. CJrant like Joshua of old, have checked or retarded night- fall, a far greater number of prisoners would have 136 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. been secured, and the victory, tlioilgb not any mor. 'decisive, would have been more complete aad ruinou to the enemy. But flight came on in the hour ( victory, and the pursuit was necessarily discontinued. The niglit was cold, clear and beautiful, for the moon was high in the heavens, and the frost sparkle ■ upon the fallen leaves, and decorated each tree^n shrub upon the lofty enimence where our victorioii army was reposing; and where thousands of wear , soldiers around huge camp fires, were endeavoring t obtain a few hours necessary rest and sleep. • Afte. midnight, the heavily loaded supply trains, with grea difficulty ascended the ridge, rations were issued, and vrhen the first strea.k of daylight appeared in the East, Reveille was sounded, and all were speedily in readiness to follow up the . hard-earned victory aui- drive the enemy from any position he had chose during the night. Early in the morning the pursui was commenced, but the enemy had moved so rapidly during the night, that it was not until late in the ai- ternoon, that our advance began to overtake thcni. A few prisoners, and several pieces of artillery v/erc -ecured, and our army bivouacked at night along th lianks of the South Chickamauga, liearly in front ol Taylor's Gap in the Pifeon I^Ionntains, near Ein^' .old. On the 28th, the ene;.... ....... o.._\._^...^..; ^ were driven from Ringgold, and a large quantity oi' forage was captured, Late in the evening they wei'c 'lislodged from astrong position at Taylor's Ga]), ami driven back towards Tunnel Hill and Dalton. Gen Grant now ordered the railroad from Ring- . >ld, back toward Chattanooga deste'oyed; and on the iO 29t]i and 30th, a large portion of our army was !iiig the ties and burning them, and bending the that it could not be again laid down, amtil re- SIEGE OF LOOKOUT MOUNT.\IN 137 rulled and straightened. As soon as this -work of destruct on ^as completed, most of oui* foir(s f>ll- back to Chattanooga, and that vicinity. On the 29th, our Brigade started back to AViiiiL.^iu.; '. the battle-field of Chickamauga, where it was said n;any of our brave men, who fell on the lUth and 20th of September, were still lying unburied ; and it was V our radt^choly task, to halt there and give their Mcs a decent and honorable burial. We found on •^;hing the field where so many thousand had fallen, rue field of such fearful carnage and terrific slaughter, that the enemy had not entirely neglected their duty, to the unnumbered dead, that they had done far better '!ian was currently reported. Their own dead we found • been collected, and decently interred, and rough .'jodcn head-boards marked the graves of thousands. The dead of our army had received much less attention, ^t was evident they had been dragged into heaps, and logs, brush and stones, or a small quantity of dirt thrown upon them. A few skeletons were found above ground, and portions of a human frame were in some places scattered around in the gloomy forest, showing that here and there, one of our br:ive and noble com- rades had perished and had been left uncovered, save by the falling Autumn leaves. The 2ud of December Avas devoted to the collection and burial of these remains, and in throwing up mounds of earth, where the rebels had piled in heaps our la- mented and unnumbered dead. It was at this late day impossible to ascertain who had been placed in these awful heaps, for all the bochcs were considerably decom- posed,aud many were now almost entirely decayed,so that the remnants of their blue CLOxniKG, alone identified them, as the remains of men who had died for their country. Alas ! that a mere fragment of a woolen coat, a shred of clothing, should bo all that was left to commemorate the last resting place of a martyred pa- Vd8 HISTORY OF THE REGI3iIENT triot ! Ere our Brigade finished their labor upon thi awful scene of carnage and bloodshed,%very Union soldier's remains that could be identified, vras decently interred, and each grave or mound containing a heap of !■ lain, was marked by some monumental board, stake or ; tone, by which it could for Jl/fears be distinguished. Having completed this melancholy task on the 2n<^., on the morningjOf the 3rd of December, our Brigau started for the old camp at Whiteside, where it arrive- 1 ai)out four o'clock p. m. the next day. The men wert all very much fatigued, and some greatly exhauste ■ by the hard marching, and severe labor they had ei- dured: but as a great victory had been achieved, all wer^ in the finest spirits, full of mirth and jocularity. Wc liad three men wounded in carrying Lookout Mountain, and one near Ringgold, all of whom subsequently re- covered, and these were the only casualties of the en- tire expedition. In this respect, we were among the most fortunate of the Regiments, who took part in the memorable battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission ary Ridge. The fruits of this victory were almost inestimabu Nearly seven thousand prisoners were taken, sixty-fivo pieces of artillery, and a large quantity of stores of all kinds were captured ; the rebel army was demoralized and driven back, and the possession of Lookout moun- tain being now recovered ; as soon as the high bridge near Whiteside could be completed. Railroad commnni- cation could be established between Nashville and Chat- tanoo[';,f-. ()nfc; unpleasant incident in connection with the charge up Lookout Mountain, we were compelled to record in closing this chapter. Our Sergeant Major, who had been wounded at Chickamauga, and had returned k> the Regiment only a day or two before it set out on this expedition ; still weak from the effect of his wound: was 'seized with a chill when wading- the creek as the SIEGE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 139 fight commcnccil, and hastily made his ^vay to the rear, by his conduct giving strong indications of cowardice. But this probably would have been excused, had lie made any attempt to rejoin the Regiment the following driy, or even before the fight was over ; failing to do so however, he was reduced to the ranks, without trial by court martial, as soon as the Regiment returned to camp. CHAPTER XI. CAJIP AT WHITESIDE — :\IARCH TO CHARLESTON, vfeCv Having returned to ciimp at Whiteside on Wednes- day, Dec, 4th, after the arduous and successful expe- dition to Ringgold via Lookout Mountain and Mission- ary Ridge, the remainder of the week was devoted b}^ our Regiment, and probably by the whole Brigade, to rest and recreation ; and while the men were recover- ing fi'om the fatigue of the battle and march, the al- most innumerable incidents that transpire during the din, turmoil and excitement of an engagement; the personal adventures and experience of each officer and man were recounted, and stories of personal dariiVg or courage in the recent achievements, v/ere told over and over, by those vfho had endured the toils, and been ex- posed to the dangers of the recent very brief campaign. Could the host of personal adventures, that are met with by the individual members of a Regiment durin:i,' each battle, as they are related after each action is ended, be written out, many an interesting volume would have been prepared during the war ; but scarcely one out of a thousand ever gets into print, and each soldier who survives and returns to his home and kin- dred; will no doubt, by the Winter fireside as age creeps on, indulge in the luxury of relating what he endured and CAMP AT WHITESIDE. 141 '.vitncsscJ, "live o'er the past, and fight his battles o'er." On Saturday of tliis week, the llcv. Mr. Chase, of Macomb, 111., visited our camp, and was cordially wel- comed by many friends in our Regiment. lie "was on his way to Chattanooga, to act as the Sanitary agent of our State at that place. On Sunday he consented to prcacli in our camp, and delivered a very able and interesting address, which was listened to with profound attention by all. Preaching was rather an unusual oc- currence in our Regimental camp, for we had a Chap- lain with us but a very small porti(m of the time we were in service. Indeed months have passed when Sunday, like other busy days glided by unnoticed, the diities of the day being the same as usual, and scarcely half the men remembered or reflected what day of the Aveek it was, until it was ended. It was a very com- mon expression, "there's no Sunday in thearqiy," and military afi^iirs are very generally carried on as if this christian institution, had in time of war, no actual ex- istence. Soon we began to have interesting news from the vicinity of Knoxville, and within a few days learned that Gen. Burnside had been able to hold the place, though Gen. Longstreet had attempted with a vastly superior force to take it liy assault. Longstreet was now said to be falling back towards the Virginia line, and we WGji'e satisfied from numberless reports, th .t thf* Winter campaign in Ea^t Tennessee was enilcd. As soon lis the men had fully recovered froia i..^ fatigue of the march ami battle, heavy details were or- veterans going homeward, and Lud of'ien wished that we could enjoy the pleasure of going with them ; yet when they hcgan, a few weeks later to return, we noticed tliey generally came with long faces, with indications of rtjgrct on many countenances. The transient season of enjoyment hehig now ended, they hegan seriously to reflect upon the long continuing contract they had, un- der excitement entered into, and not a few did we see who regretted their hasty resolution to re-enlist . for three years. We refer especially to the Regiments of our own Brigade, who hecamc vctcTans, not to the 16th Regt. III. Vols., which we did not again meet with for scverij months. On the 14lh of January, the great bridge near Vvluteside was completed, and a train crossed upon it. It is probably one of the highest trestle-work bridges ever constructed, and though built of strong timbers, wo could but think tbcm quite too light and small for a structure of sucIj great height, intended to sustain the burden of heavily freighted Railroad trains. The \mc evening that the train crossed the bridge, it passed on up the road and reai^hcd Chattanooga in safet}\ This was the first train of cars that had run into the place since ayc took possession early in September, 18G3, and great was the rejoicing throughout the army there stationed. More than three months they had been upon half, or less than half rations, but now the Railroad was open to Nashville, and they were confident of hav- ig an abundance as long as they remained. Early in January, wc were again set to work cut- ting Railroad tics, the Brigade being required to fur- vish several thousand; ami though some of the men ore inclined to grumble because they were constant- ly employed, we are forced to believe, the unremit- ted labor of this winter, on roads, ties and fortifica- tions, war; a substantial benefit ; for on the 20th of .T•uln.n•^ 1 ^H-i m-mI fVo- ^oycral days thereafter, we 146 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. liad not a sick nuiii in the whole Regiment. The crowd with pale and haggard countenances, and de- bilitated frames, had ceased to assemble at the Snr- geons quarters, when "sick call" was sounded each morning. .Vbout the 20tli. the weather began to be very mild and pleasant, the rainy season seemed to be tinally ended, the roads became dry and solid, and soon there were a score of rumors afloat in regard to army movements. The work on fortifications near White- side, however still contmued, and rifle-pits were dug all along the sides of the moimtain, wherever Colonel Grose could imagine they would be serviceable, and his imagination in this respect, many thought peculi- arly active and bouyant On the 26th we received the order to march at 6 o'clock a. m. the following morning, and most of the Regiment will long remember the amusements of the evening, and especially the rare frolic and fun at "Dr. ]\IcDills Ball." During our stay in Winter eamp at Whiteside, quite a number of the "gay and festive" boys of the Brigade, had become acquainted with the ladies, (a misnomer) living in the country, for several .miles around ; and almost every week had the pleas- ure, (it is to be presumed they so regarded it,) of meeting with them at dancing parties. We cannot truthfully bestow a word of commendation-, or speak in the least degree complimentary of the fair sex in this portion of the South ; that is, at the coal mines of mount Etna, and in the vicinity of Whitdside; for very few of them did we see dressed with taste; and any degree of education, refinement and gentility, of manner were quite unknown. Yet some of thesefair one?, unattractive as they were to most Northern men, were long remembered by some members of our Brig- ade, perhaps remembered in liours of pain, regret and sorrow. CAMP AT WHITESIDE. 1-17 Ou tlic -7 til day ol Janiuuy, li^^-L wo marchci from Whiteside t^ the foot of LooRout Mountaiii, ami cn(.Mn4)e(l ou a portion of the battle-Held, u;i Nov. 24tli, 1863, The weather was warm and plea?;- ant, and had it not been that the men were overload- ed with blankets, sheltcr-teuts etc., all wo>iId have found it more agreeable, marching than lying in (•:imp. As it was, they were quite tired before they wLi'e ten miles on the way, and talked strongly of throwing away their heavy burdens before we halted. On the 28th we crossed over the "nose" of the mountain, and encamped near the mouth of Chatta- nooga Creek, between Lookout Mountain and Chatta- nooga. The road over this portion of the mount:ii:i we found most excellent. 3Iore than a Kegiment had !)een at work upon it since the tirst of December, and it was now nearly macadamized. Towards cveniuir, tUe 2d Brigade of our Division came up from Shcll- jnound, and encamped near us, and it was now cur- rently believed that we were going to the vicinity of Ivjioxville, to join the 2nd and 3d Divisions of the 4th Corps. On the morning of the 29t!i of January, two Regi- ments, (the o9th Ills, and 77th Pa. Vols.,) of cair Brigade, started ti»r home, having re-enlisted as veter- ans. The men of the oUth Ills, who did not re-en- list weiic attached to the 75th Ills., and the non-vet- erans of the 77th Regt. Pa. Vols, were, by their own re- (jucst, attached to our Regitnent. As company A ami B, were at this time the smallest in the RLgimeut. they were asigned to them, am! remained with iis un- •til about the tirst of April. At ten o^clock the same day we marched, ]xissing directly through Chattanoo- ga, which we noticed had im|»rovcd not a httlc since we left it in October* There were ]»rol)ably but a few himdi-ed citizens even now in the place, and these 148 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. were doing nothing in the way of improvement ; they were poor people from the surronnding country, wjic» came in to work and be furnished with Government rations; but several large warehouses had bjeen erect- ed by the military authorities, and temporary houses were being built for the accommodation of mechanics and government employees, so that the town present- ed quite a thriving appearance. From Chattanooga we moved nearly East acro^ the valley, and ascended Missionary Ridge at the point where our forces made the famous charge upon the enemy's center, on the 25th of November, 1863. Crossing directly over "this ridge, we advanced nearly Eastward and crossed the Chickamauga, near a Rail- road Station of the same name ; and at dusk encamp- ed within two miles of Tyner's Station, on the Rail- road from Chattanooga to Knoxville. We remained in this camp until the 3d of February, and were mean- while, procuring a good supply of clothing, and Com- missary stores from Chattanooga. During this time we frequently heard cannonading in the direction of Ringgold, and learned that Gen. Palmer ^vas making a reconnoisance in that direction, to ascertain if the rebel army was withdrawn, as had been reported. On the morning of February 2d, our Brigade start- ed for Charleston, Tenn., as escort for a train of about forty wagons, containing the tools, clothing, tentage, etc., of about two hundred mechanics, who were go- ing to that point, to build a- Railroad bridge across the Hiawassa River. There were no troops at this time, stationed between Charleston and Chattanooga; and as the enemy were lying in heavy force in the- vicinity of Dalton, a strong guard was required to in- sure the safety of the mechanics, and their necessar}' iinplements, on the route. The weather was pleasant, and almost Spring-like, :\IARCn TO CIIARLESON. 149 and as soon as we passed Tyncr's Station, wc came into a somewhat broken country, and found the road.- in very good condition. East of the Tennessee Riv- er, there is a succession of liigh ridges from one to three miles apart, and running nearly parallel witli each other, and the river ; and instead of finding streams running hetwccn these low mountains, in thu same direction, we noticed that the water-courses generally ran nearly at rights angles with the ridges, })assing through them at nan'ow gaps or passes. liotli the railroad and wagon road pass through these gaps, and in our line of march, we necessarily crossed tlic Railroad several times during the day. Another pe- culiarity of this country we would notice in passing. In all the ridges East of the Tennessee River, the the rocks instead of l^'ing in horizontal strata, as is inraon in the main chains of the Cumberland ]\Ioun- ins, and the Northern States are iu strata inclined ' the Southeast, at an angle of from tliirty to forty- . e degrees. So, near the to]) of these ridges, it is 't uncommon to see a steep wall of rocks, as it were standing upon the edge. The inhabitants in this section of country, gave many indications of loyalty as we passed along, and came out to welaomc us at almost every house. We marched during the day about twelve or four- t cen miles, passing the town of Ooltewah, and through A\'hite-oak Ridge, and other ridges, the names of i" which we did not learn, ancl encamped at night ithin eight or nine miles of Cleveland. Starting he next morning at daylight, we passed through ieveland about noon, and turning to the Eastward ' '\n* or five miles, came to the road leading from Daltou ) Charleston, known as the ''old Federal road;" and .ere most of our Brigade halted for the night, but 'uv Regiment and the 30th Ind. Vols., marched on 150 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. M-itli the "Bridge builders' train" to Charleston; -svliicli is a small town on the Hiawassa River. The night ^^'as cold and chilly, and as "we were encamped on a hill East of the town, w^e found it necessary to keep up iires all night to be comfortable. Col. Long's Cavalry Brigade was encamped on the North side of the River, and had in their charo-e about a hundred deserters from the rebel army, who were very anxious to go North ; so the next morning they were placed in charge of Col. Waters, command- ing our Regiment and the oOtli Ind., to be taken to Chattanooga ; and we set out, to return to that place. About 9 o'clock we reached the Brigade, lying where we had left it the evening before, and were soon af- terward on our way to Cleveland. This is one of the pleasantest towns iSiat we saw in the South, It contained about two thousand in- habitants before the war, was Vv'ell built, well su})- plied with business houses, and had besides common schools, an Academy and a Seminary for 3'oung la- dies. This w^as the first town we had found in om- progress from Louisville, where schools had not been entirely discontinued. Here- two common schools were still sustained b}" the unusually intelligent and loyal citizens. We jmssed through Cleveland about noon on our return, and halted about two miles Southwest of town, on the plantation of a Mr. Tucker ; who had been from the beginning of the war a violent rebel, axid at this time was said to be in Richmond, a mem- ber of the Confederate Congress. The j)lantation suifered pi:etty severely before the next morning, for as the night was quite cold and there was no restraint placed upon the soldiers, they built large fires of rail;:, and kept them burning' a good part of tho night. .MAIU iL TO e'IlARLE8'rON. l.H Da uni- way biick iVcuu Cliarleston, a rumor had Leeii in circulation, tluit our Brigade would halt, and go into camp tor the remainder of the Winter at Cleveland ; and when we halted withui two miles or the t(iwn many were contident that we should go no further; hut the next morning we moved on towards Chart aiioopu and all hope of Wintei- quarters in this agreeable locality speedily vanished. We had march- ed liowever but a few miles on the 5th, until we met Gen. Stanley, our Division Commander, with the 2d Brigade ; and after an Iwur's halt, both Brigades weut into camp for the night. We now learned that the 1st Brigade of our division was alreadv building "Winter quarters at Ooltewah, and tliat the 2d and 3d Brigades were to encamp at Blue Springs, about six miles South of Cleveland. On the morning of February (jth, we moved back a few miles ou the road we had come the morning before, and tui"ning to the right, crossed the broad valley between the ridges, to a gap in one of them. Dearly opposite tlic Springs. Here the two Brigades, ■except (jur Kegiineiit and the 8th Ky. Vols., immedi- ately went into camp. We were unexpectedly sent back to the neighbor- hood of Cleveland, and halted for tlic night on the highest portion of the Ridge, Southwest of the town, netir the" gap through which the Railroad passes to Chattanooga. Col. Waters was now in command of tlie Post at Cleveland, having command of the 8tli Ky. A"ols., as well as his own Regiment, and selected tjiis hill as the point most available for defence, " '' " holding possession of the town with a small to. he did not decide upon making this a per;, camp until late the next day, when C(V. ^ came, and at once decided that it wa> t' ^ ;., *]^Q nciirhborhood. 152 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. The prospect from the hill, where^we were hnpa- tiently lying this very pleasant Sabbath, was very beantiful. The high range of mountains some twenty miles to the Eastward, were covered with snow, and glistened in the sunlight, while the intermediate ridges, covered with the evergreen pine and dusky gray oak forests, gave a delightful contrast to the picturesque landscape. Hundreds were admiring the variegated scenery, and and as they noted its beau- ties, realized all that can be intended by the phrase, " 'Tis distance lends enchantment to the view," The mountains were lovely and beautiful in the distance, but a march across them at this season, would have given the picture quite another shading. On the 8th, Col. A¥aters established his quarters permanently at the house of a Mr. Tibbs, a leading- spirit among the rebels of this section, and who had moved Southward before our arrival. Our camp was laid off, upon the summit and Eastern slope of the hill. The next day, all the barns, stables und out- buildings of the " Tibbs place" were torn down, and rapidly converted into shanties by the men; lines of fortifications were laid out around the camp, and a large detail set to work upon them ; and the whole Regiment feeling gratified in being eo pleasantly situ- ated or stationed, were cheerful and contented. Within three days, we had quite as comfortable quarters as we had left at Whiteside, and being un- der t;ommand of our esteemed Colonel, had no fears of«the petty tyi-anny and in;{].3Vwlence, which had long- characterized the treatment v/e had received from '■Brigade commande:-- V^ '-^'-^w that we shoidd !U'selves,'as long permitted to u'- ' i:ti;:, and the prospect W' ir of continuing!; n thio ■j)leasant and beautifi ■:ilil the openijig Sprii)g Campaign. CHAPTER XIL CAMP AT CLEVELAND — RECOKNOTSANCE TO ROCKY FACE KIlXiE AND PREPARATION FOR THE ATLANTA CAM- I'AIGN. As soon as it was known that a stroD^; t'ovce was permanently encamped near Cleveland, the truly loyal eitizcus of the tov.u and surrounding country, assem- bled at a Mass Meeting, raised a pole in the Court House Square, and brought out and spread to the breeze a beautiful national Hag, which had been kept hidden for more than two years, and which was for some time buried to preserve it from tho ruthless hands of the rebels. The meeting was one of the most joyous and enthusiastic we have ever attended. JJany old cit- izens, who, although they lived but a few miles apart, and had in years gone by, been almost neighbors, here met for the first time in three years; and as they grasp- ed each other by the iiand would raise their eyes filled with tears of joy, to the old fla(} that was proudly floating over them, the emblem of nationality — the glorious standard around which had rallied their sons and grandsons, "loyal, true and brave," to assist in putting down the great and terrible rebellion. Our Brigade Band (formerly the 84th III. Vols. Regimental I>and,) was present, and played several national aii's, 154 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. and Col. Grose and Col. Waters being called upon, ad- dressed the meeting in a manner and style well suited to the occasion. Both assured the assembly that our army had come to remain, that we had a permanent foothold on the East side of the Cumberland Mountains , an impregnable citadel at Chattanooga ; and that East Tennessee having so valiantly and vigorously held out for the right, and in every possible way demonstrated her sincere loyalty and devotion to the Union, would not again be relinquished, to be despoiled and desolat- ed by rebels in arms. The people, in spite of all their grievous losses and terrible afflictions, seemed to be en- thusiastic and hopeful ; yea, they were delighted to see the "boys in loyal blue," permanently encamped in their midst, and a new and joyful era seemed to have dav\-ned upon them. The speedy overthrow of the mil- itary despotism of the Southern Confederacy, the an- nihilation of armed resistance to the Constitution and the Laws, the return of peace and prosperity within a few months ; aye, and the punishment of those Avho took the lead in bringing the terrible scourge of civil war upon our once happy country, were the main topics of conversation, in that large and enthusiastic assem- bly. We can dwell no longer upon the events of this day, not soon to be forgotten at Cleveland. At night a party was given at the Ocoee House, and not a few boys of our Regiment, took part iu the "festive dance," for the first time since they were in camp ai Quincy. 111. The ladies who were so patriotic as to attend, and with strangers from a distant Sta-te, enryacje in th ■ agreeable pastime, were treated with great respect ])•. all, and the 84th Regt. 111. A-^ols., will ever be spokeu of ill Cleveland, as a Regiment of gentlemen. Tli;' ladies present on this occasion, were dressed with ; taste and elegance that reminded u§ strongly of tii refined society of the North, their deportment was gci' CAMP AT CLEVELAND. 155 tool ;uid t'ourteous, and we cannot think one of tlic Avliole number, was addicted to the loathsome and exe- crable habit (so common in the South), of "snuff-dipp- iMg" ()nlv two or three nights afterward, quite a panic was excited in the town, by a rumor that 5000 rebel cavalry were advandng upon the place — and scores of citizens immediately flocked to our camp, as a place of refuge and safety. Col. Waters immediately prepared for an attack, strengthened his picket lines, and sent out Lieut. IL 13. Miller with a small force, to recon- noitre the road upon which the enemy "were said to be coming. But the night wore tediously away, and no attack was made, no enemy could be found by our scouts, and daring the following day, it was generally accounted a false alarm ; though the man who 1)rought in tlienew?, always insisted that he saAV at lea=t a hun- 'Ired mounted rebels coming; towards the town. ( )n the 1 5th of February, we were again paid, and as the loyal people of the country daily brought into camp butter, eggs, chickens, dried fruit, etc., etc., we were able to procure a change of very palatable diet. Thanks to Col. Waters, there was no restrictions upon "trade," and every day scores of men not on duty, ■vvcre permitted to go into town or to the country. We had now constant rumors of a move to the South- ward, and on the ITth, a Division of Gen. Logan's Corps came up from lluntsvillc, Ala., which it was thought strongly indicated an early advance ; yet it seemed scarcely possible that a campaign would be under- taken at this season of the year; and when too, Gen. Sher- man was engaged in making a rain into Alabama from Vicksburg. The cars were now daily running to Cleve- land from Chattanooga, so flic men were well supplied with clothing, and all kinds of army stores soon became abundant. On the 21st of February, Capt. Kr\ii) arrived iri 156 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. camp, having been at home for a few days on leave of absence, and brought us a new and very costly and beautiful flag — a present from the citizens of McDon- ough County. It was gladly, gratefully received ; and wdien the brief address accompanying it, was read that evening by the Adjutant on Dress Parade, it elicited no feeble expression of good feeling; no meager mani- festations of joy and pleasure. We regret that the presentation address was lost from the Regimental desk, so that we are unable to insert a copy in this rec- ord, where it justly deserves a place. A unanimous vote of thanks, to the loyal citizens who sent to the field this splendid ilag, bearing in gilt letters the names of our hard fought battles, was all the return the Regiment was able at the time to make; and the Colonel was requested immediately to transmit this ex- pression, to the liberal donors. The same night about twelve o'clock, we received orders to be ready to march at six o'clock, a. m. the next morning. Reveille sounded at 4 o'clock, and about that time the order came, to move all our baggage to the Head- quarters of the Brigade near Blue Springs. The Reg- iment marched from the newly made camp near Cleve- land, about six o'clock; at 8 o'clock fell into the main column at Blue Springs ; and from that point marched to the Southeast about three miles, where we came te a road leading directly South. We followed this road until nearly opposite Red Clay Station on the Railroad, where we turned directly to the West, and halted for dinner near the Station. That afternoon, Col. Grose Avent out a few miles with the Brigade on a reconnois- ance, and came upon one of the enemy's outposts, which immediately withdrew, and soon afterwards the Brigade returned to Red Clay, and encamped for the night. About noon the next day, a part of the 15th Corps arrived from Cleveland, and a messenger from Gen. Thomas reached us, with the order for our Division to CAMP AT CLEVELAND. 1;J7 join Gen. Palmer's (14th) Corps near Tunnel Hill, via Catoosa Springs. Col. Grose now sent buck the au- thor to Blue Springs, to remove as speetlily as possible ;;'l the transportation, baggage, etc., etc., of the 2n(l and ord Brigades, to Cleveland, where it could be pro- tected by the force still garrisoning the i)luce. This order was fully executed the same night. Starting from Red Clay about 1 o'clock, the Brigade marched on without opposition, until they were in the vicinity of Catoosa Springs, when a slight skirmish ensued, and there the Brigade encamped for the night. On the 24th, the force which advanced from Clevi-- land and Blue Springs, marched on toward Dalton, and near Tunnel Hill effected a junction with Gen. Palmer's command. There was sharp skirmishing all day, at and near Buzzard Roost Gap, and some unusually accurate artillery firing, especially on the part of the enemy. The enemy were ascertained to be rapidly reinforcing their divisions, which were holding a lineof works across the Gap, which is doubtless, one of the strongest posi- tions for defence ever selected. As this expedition was only intended for a reconnoisancc in force, and the strength and position of the enemy were now fully as- certained; at night our Avholc force threatxjning the gap orpass, fell back about two or three miles, and took a strong defensive position. Early on the morning of the 25th, the enemy ap- ])earcd in strong force in our front, and rapid artillery firing, as well as sharp skirmishing, continued most of the day. From the force observed in motion yesterday, and again brought in view by the enemy to-day, it was evident, that either no considerable portion of the rebel army lately lying at Dalton, had been sent to operate ai^ainst (jon. Sherman in Alabama, or if sent in that direction, that it had been recalleil to resist the threat- ened attack by Gen. Thomas. At night our forces again fell back, and the enemy on the following morn- 158 IIISTOEY OF THE EEGBIENT ing, folloAYed up and continu-ed the skirmish, but as the firing was generally at very long range, but very little damage was done on either side. On the 2Tth, our Division marched back from the neighborhood of Salem Church, to their old camp near Blue Springs, and the enemy's cavalry following up, continued frequently to come in sight, until we were within three or four miles of our strongly fortified camps. The men of our Regiment returned from this expedition considerably fatigued, for the Regiment had been on the skirmish line, nearly all the time for about four days. We had expected, on returning from this reconnoisance, (known in the Division as the reconnoi- sance on DaltoT;), that we should occupy the same po- sition we had before, near Cleveland, and have a plea.shnt time in our snug shanties with good brick chimneys, during the remainder of the AVinter. But Col. Grose had no idea of gratifying us to that extent, so regard- less of the labor we had expended in fitting up comfort- able quarters and making a pleasant camp ; he ordered our Regiment to encamp at Blue Springs Church, about a mile and a half West of Blue Springs Station, to hold a gap in the ridge at that place, in case of an attack. We were informed that Gen. Stanley recom- mended the return of our Regimeiit to Cleveland, where Col. AYaters had won golden opinions, and his Regiment were already becoming very popular, but to gratify his petty spite toward Colonel Waters; Colo- nel Grosie declined to permit us to return, and on the l8rh day of February, we again commenced building A\'^inter quarters and fortifying. This was the fourth time we had built Winter quarters, during the Fall of 180;'>, and Winter of 186;-5-4. From the 1st to the 10th of March, aU hands were Vmsy in bmlding cabins of poles, fnom the pine grove in Avhich we were encamped, and in throwing up strong lines of fortifications about the narrow gap, which Wc C.UIPAT CLEVELAND. io9 wore expected to (Icfcr.d in case of an attack. In a few daj.s, we again had very comfortable quarters, and though the boys did not soon forget to denounce and curse the Brigade coniniander, they became quite con- tented, and shortly went to work in earnest to make ours the finest camp in the Brigade. It is most re- markable, how qickly an experienced soldier becomes contented, or apparently contented, with any situation in which he may be placed. The recruit is continually wondering what move is next to be made, what point is next to be reached, what the General commandin^ext intends to do, etc., etc., and growls and grumbles be- cause he has so far to march in a day, because he has so heavy a load to carry, because he has to march and daily sees scores of niggers, riding past the column on line horses; because it rams or is cold, or camp is estab- lished so far from wood or water, in brief, because to him everything is an ''up hill business geuerall^j." On the contrary, the veteran, or experienced sohlier, sel- dom casts a thought upon the movements being made or their results. He luis become accustomed to his l)urdcnsoinc knapsack and cumbersome accouterm.enis, and trudges on, almost unmindful of their weight, or the distance he has carried them. lie knows his post of duty is in the ranks, and that niggers and servants, having charge of the horses of mounted officers, wili ride them and have no burdens to carry. If it rain:?, he jiroteCrts himself as best he can with his poncho or rub- ber blanket, if it is cold and chilly he puUs on his heavy overcoat, and if there are a score of inconven- icnees about camp, orahumlred sources of annoyance, he realizes that it is folly to complain :r grumble, and lioars all, endurc.-s all, nut only with stoicism but with cheerfulness. IS'o club's of men on earth, are so con- tinually lighthearted, cheerful and indifferent or care- less in respeo-t to the cireumstances of their situation, a? thorouirh-bred and war-worn soldiers. 160 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. About the 10th of March, orders were given for a drill, bj Company, Battalion or brigade, of four hours per day ; and for several succeeding days, our Regi- ment would be seen, by companies deployed in skir- mish lines, carrying on a^mimic skirmish tight, for two hours each forenoon ; and in the afternoon the Regi- ment would march over to the open Held, in front of the camp of the other Regiments, there to take part in the Brigade drill conducted by Col. Grose. From this time until the 3d of May, when the Spring and Summer campaign commenced, the drill was vigor- ously continued, frequently interspersed by weari- some parades and reviews. Every attention was now given to a complete pre|>aration for the coming cam- ])aign. Besides the constant drill of the troops, who v/ere now supplied Vvith all the clothing they desired; all unserviceable or defective arms and accoutre- ments were exchanged for new. The wagon trains were retitted, and a full stock of inules provided, and both troops and trains carefully inspected as . often as once per week. Early in April, the 2d a]id 3d Divisions of the 4th ^Vrmy Cor])S, returned from the vicinity of Knoxville, and went into camp within a few miles of Cleveand, drawing all their supplies from that place ; and about the same time Gen. Howard caine froin Chattanooga, and took command of the Corps, in pLu^e of Gen. ( rranger who liud been removed, l)y order of Gen. Sliei'man. Gen. Howard immediately reviewed the several {brigades and Divisions of his Corps, and personally made a minute inspection of the camj) of each regi- ment. Allien he came to our camp, he foimd it nice- ly swept, entirely free from brush, I'ubljish or filth, imd everything in such perfect order, that he pro- nounced it the iinest camp in the Divi&ion It was CAMP A'r CJ.EVEJ.AX1). UU a well moritcd and vcrv gratifying coni])linicnt, and uiie wliicli (as C<']. W'utcr? was not in connnand < it" the liogiinent', Ijcing at the time President of a IJourt Martial sitting at Cleveland,) seemed to please Col. Grose vastly ; and in the hearing of scores of men of the Regiment, he remarked to Oen, Howard, '•Yes, General, the 84th Ills, is a splendid Regiment, I was married to it at 8tone River.'" The Ijoys verv naturally concluded, that he had not l»cen a very af- I'octionate or even-tempered conjugal partner, and were generally inclined to deny the existence of the alleged relationship. A Review, by Gen. Stanley during this month, (April,) was one of the most thorough ever undertaken, and occasioned frequent comment and eulogy through- out our Regiment and Brigade. After reviewing the lirigade in the usual stylds he dismounted and Avent through the whole, regiment ])y regiment, taking each man's gun in his lurnds, testing the lock, examining the cleanliness of the barrel with the ram- rod, and praising or reprimanding each man, accord- ing to the condition in which he found his arms and accoutrements. We are proud to say. that very few men in our Regiment, were found with dirty or de- fective arms, or ill kept accoutrements. Nearly eve- , i-y one came back from the review, delighted with some com]>limentary word, or ex]iression addrcsscl to them personally, by the Division commandei. During the month of April, we secured the ser- vices of an excellent photographic artist, Mr. Swen- ney, and assisted him to move his tents from Cleve- land to our Regimental camj). He took at our camp, a picture of each company, and many other group- pictures that Avei-e pronounced s[)lendid by all con- luissieurs ; as well as a dozen or more card ]>hoto- gra]>hs, for almost every officer and man in the {;2 Hl^UilY OF Tiii: IIEGIMENT. " iiulc Regiment. While this was a prolitable season ;r the artist, the pictures secured, were of ahnost in- timahle value to the soldiers for whom they were ken. The exchanges that took place in camp, in- 'iced the very best of feeling, and hundreds of these •lotographs, then sent home, will ever be highly ized, and frequently looked over by the survivors the three 3'ears term of service, with emotions of ofound joy and pleasure, if not of exquisite delight, ea, they have become treasures to the possessors, peciaily where they are the liknesses of those who iire Vv'ith us, amid so many hardshi2:)s, trials aiul ngers, and linally gave up their lives, a sacrifice for ■sir country's honor, integrity and glory ; to pre- rvc our noble institutions and Union, and the best jvcrnraent known on earth. Several of those whose otographs we then secured, within a few months, iished in the glorious struggle in which the imion ly were engaged, and died on the field of battle, from wounds or disease ; ere the infernal rebellion r, crushed, ere the joyful beams of peace Avere haiU by war-wearied thousands, ere the paens in their nor and of national victory, were shouted by the teful nnliions of a great and mighty nation. During the latter part of the month, "target prac- o" was introduced throughout the Division, to give iety to drill, as well as to instruct the men in the \ge of their pieces, and render their fire more ae- rate and eficctivc. This was a new species of drill this Department, and was considered fine sport by I. Great care was taken to prevent accidents, yet aiost every v/eek in some regiments of our Division, 3n were wounded, by carelessly exposing themselves !ar the target. We were so fortunate as to escape such .sualties, perhaps owing to the more thorough disci ji- le and pf-r-v*^ obedience of the jnen, ratncr than t" qAMP AT CLFA'ELAND. K;,; aiiN I'.aiit iiJar exercise ot'jtidpjeniont or pnulcju-u vi: tlio jiart of o(HcA?rs and men, engaged in tlie ^•grccablo j)iac-tJi'<3 and pastime. As the month \\\>vc away and tlic weather became more bottled, the indications of an early advance upon tl.10 enemys strong position atDalton, rapidly increas- .ed. The Cavalry, which had during the Winter, 1)0(^11 employed in the Northern part of E.ost Tcimes- see, were concentrated in the neighborhood of Cleve- land, and were ahnost constantly scouting to the {South and Southeast of our camp. Everything in the way of clothing, arms or accoutrements and trans- ])ortation, was in tlic most perfect condition, and day by day the incjuiry began to be nuide, why are we j\ot moving forward V A\ by is not the Spring cani- })aign connneMCcd? Xot long were we required to tiwait marching orders. Vn the Ist^lay of ilay, the order came to send im- liiediately to tlio Depot, that they might be shipped o J Bridgeport for storage, all desks, ^)o\t}s, trunks, .nd surplus regimental baggage, so that one team ould haul the whole baggage of each regiment. We umediately executed the order, and by a strict coin- iiance with it, saved a vast amount of trouble, which •11 to the lot of IJegiments who attempted to evade . and take with them, their wall-tents, desks etc., c. We had learned, that if trains were overloaded, cidents nuist happen, that in that event, baggage ould certainly bo lost or destroyed, and we would ■ less likely to preserve and save it, than if we sent :iway for storage : although wc had heretotore been t unfortunate in storing Iniggage — losing more ui half, of all ever sent away for this pnr]io.~c. The next day we learned that Cien. Schotield, with « army of tho"^C)hio, was moving kSouthward, from ■^ vicinil v of KrowiUo. ;in 1 ]]'..■ :;(l\:ini'(> ])i\i-!.iri 164 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. was said to be alread}^ South of the Hiawassa, com- ing on toward Cleveland. The 20th Corps, imder Gen. Hooker, was by this time moving from Wan- hatchie, where they had lain since November, to the vicinity of Ringgold, where Gen. Palmers' Corps had been for some time encamped. The 15th Corps, un- der Gen. Logan, and 16th, under Gen. Dodge, vv-ere, said to be coming forward from Huntsville and Larkinsville Ala. ; indeed all the troops in the whole Department, were being speedily concentrated about Ringgold and Cleveland. About this time Gen. Sherman arrived, to take command in person, and while he was. l^ringing to- gether all the available forces in the West, with which to prosecute the campaign to Atlanta ; Gen. Grant was reorganizing and concentrating the entire army in Virginia, upon the Rappahannock. We could get no accurate idea of the im«iber of men Gen. Grant would have, Avhen ready to start upon th'{; campaign ; but it was generally understood that Gen. Sherman had about ninety thousand in readi- ness to make the attack upon Dalton, where the reb- el Gen. Joe Johnson was lying with, an army estima- ted at seventy-five thousand men. Conrident that ours was the greatly superior force, M-e were no longer troubled with the doubts and fears, that aftiiected us during the administration of Gen. Rosecrans in this Department : but we were confident of victory, under the command of so brilliant a milita- ry genius, as the incomparable Gen. Sherman. All things being in reauiness, no preliminary order was issued, but on the morning of ^lay 3d, the order to march at 12 o'clock the same day, was received ; and ere that hour had arrived, tents were struck, knapsacks packed, wagons loaded, and evei^ prepara- tion completed, to start upon the long, arduous ca:\ip at clfa'elan j ). i (jo I terrildc campaign, to tlic heart of tho Southern iitederafv, even upon the famons and ■vvouderl'ui •»^!?irty- — CHAPTER XIII. THE ATLANTA CA51PAIGN TO THE CHATTAHOOCHEE lilVEE, On Tuesday, May 3d, 1864, tlie 3d Brigade of the 1st Division of the 4th Army Corps,, to which our Eegiment beloi'jged, a,nd the 2d Brigade of the same Division, marched from Blue Springs, to the vicinity of Eed Clay Station, on the Cleveland and Dalton Railroad ; and encamped for the night about a mile South of the Station. The 1st Brigade of the Divi- sion, at the same time moved directly from Ooltewah, Vvdiere it had been encamped since tiie first of Febru- ary, to Salem Church, which is about three miles oSTorth of Catoosa Springs. The next day, the threc^ Brigades ot the Di^-ision met at Catoosa Springs, ar.," during tlie day Gen. Wood's and Gen. Newton';. (lately Gen Sheridan's) Divisions, arrived at the same place ; and the whole corps encamped \vithin a shon distance of the Springs. The Cavalr}^ attached t- > the corps, moved on three or fonr miles directly to- ward Dalton, and drove back the enemy's outposts. On the 5th and Gth, the Division remained at C:i- toosa Springs, awaiting the arrival of Gen Schofield's command, (23d Corps,) which came down from Charleston on the "Old Federal Road" and took po- sition on the left; of the 4th Corps. . THI' : ^ CAIIPAIGN. While l;ii' \ vve liad a fine opp^n ; nity '■'■'' , 01 the celebrated Catoot-. Sp}:'":' ntj-five or thirt}^ springs on le -i itcres of ground, and the water of. ___, >\e found had some mineral taste. The; ^-'^' _ of most of the springs is no doubt strongly impreguated with sulphur ; but what seemed most remarkable, was that in Springs only a few feet ap.art, one held so much sulphur in solution, as to smell like rotten eggs, and be entirely unpalatable ; ttnd another had but a slight taste of sulphur, aiid vras odorless and very agreeable to the taste. In some there was scarcely a' trace of sulphur preceiva^ ble : iii several a taste of irqn such as is usua^y no- ticed in Chalybeate Sp^rings; and in two or three we were not able to detect any thing, more than a very slight indefinable mineral tincture, ]\Iost of the Springs are walled in with he^vn stone, and at least twenty, had by or near them a board, similar to a common guide board, on which was painted the' name of the Spring, indicating quite accui:ately the quality of the waters. Tliis had been quite a place of Summer resort, by the aristocracy of the South, prior to the Rebellion ; and a Hotel capable of ac- commodating at least seven hundred visitors, had been built and ke})t by some enterprising gentlemen from Atlanta, until the breaking out of the. war. xVround and adjacent to the Hotel were quite a nmn- ber of buildings, which were erected for billiard, gaming and liquor saloons ; and here the fast and fashionable portion of the "Chivahy,." were wont to (•'^".gregate, and indulge in the follies and dissipa- ns, which wealth and habits of idleness invariably ice and confirm. These buildings, as well as the atiat Hotel, were now sadly out of repair ; for the cmy after the battle of Chickamauga,. had here ci- IG.-:, HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT. tablishod their hospitals, and hundreds, and probabi thousands, here languished and died of wounds and di^ ease, on the spot where, they had in earlier, happic seasons, been the votaries of fashion, folly and piea^ - ure. On the morning of May 7th, the 4th and 2" Coi'ps moved to the Southward, until the right of tlic; 4th, joined the 14th Corps on Tunnel Hill, from which the enemy had been driven that morning. On the 8 th, the corps moved forward toward Halton, , across the valley lying between Tunnel Hill and E,ocky Face Ridge. At tlie loot of this liidge, our ■Division was forced to halt, for it was quite inaecess- able; in many |)laces rising perpendicularly from sixty to a hundred feet, and on the summit the eno- my were holding a line of iutrenchments. Those of our readers who were in the iVrmy of the Cumberland, will well remember this remark j Ridge; but to give those who never saw^ it, a cicar idea of tlie obstacles Vvdiich the Union army had to contend with, at the opening of the campaign; we V. i'l ;1 steepest ridge of the Pigeon Mountains, be- ing .'r.)out eighteen hundred or two thousand feet, high ; and though the ascent is quite steep on 'tlve Eastern side, roads to- 'the summit have been <-m- fi i:( ""..'.] in many plaees; while on the "VYestern ^^I;le, long distan&e'^'quite inaccessable for man or i e i; i , [iw side of thealdge being a succession of al- most pei'pendicular precipices. Tlicre are two n"tcd ;raps in this Ridge. 'One is Bazzard Roost (i ;;]■», through which the Railroad passes, fi'omChattanc'-'M to Dalion; and fifteen miles South ol this, is the < ih- • r. Known as Snake Creek Gap, from the stj ^m "vliich passes through it. Onr T)ivis^ir».n came wr to •'.ee of this Ridge, iles North oi TJIE A'JXAXTA CAMPAK^X. • 1)9 Unpczard Iv<.)u>t Gap, and hero a sliarp skimioli iniim.- «li:itely c'Oiiiiiiencod, M-liich was carried on for two days and nights, between our men along the foot of the ridge, and the rebels, on the several ledges of rocks aimve them. ( )n the yih, our Regiment M'as upon the skirmislt liiK', and asi;ended the mountain a short distance, to tlie' foot of the high cliffs, and there had severe skir- nii lung most of the day. The rebels tired from the [ ) ol the cliifs, and om* men sheltered themselves as h".-i they could, behind rocks and trees. We had IcNcn men killed and v.'ounded during the day, and at night, having marched about a mile to the right, I' a point where the ridge Wiis less less i)recipitoufi, luifc a sharp encounter took place. A I'rigade of Gen. ]Javis' Divibion, of the 14tli vorps, was ordered to advance, drive in the enemy's flout line, and test the strengrh of the enemy's works ; and the 84th Ills, was ordered to cover their tlank; Imt tlie brigade fiiiled to reach the position indicated, and CJen. »Stanley being present, ordered Col. Waters to try them. The iLOgiment inunediately charged ubl rook the riile-pits, and held them un'til withdrawn in the night, losing but slightly, though the lighting was very severe for some time. On the 10th, our Regimerrt was in reserve, and bivouacked on the open Held, in the valley West oi tlio Ividge, until the enemy's Batteries npon the Kid;rc. we-ie brought to bear \;pon it, and it was forced '<> full back a sliort distance into the v.-oods. The sh', fell thick and last, while we were moving back im • the bushy woodland, out of sight, but fortunafclv not u man \',:is jri'iously injm'ed, though sever breadth e.-rapes. On the same day, Gen. McPherso)i, < the 1 Oth, and two Divisions of the 16th LV - - -. . . i .■ . cm 170 HISTOEY OF THE EEGBIENT. down to Siiake Creek Gap ; and the next da}', 1 sharp skirmishing drove the enemy back, and toi> nodsession of the Gap. Gen. Hooker immediatel marched to his support with the 20th Corps; and <:>• the night of the 11th, the 14th Corps, mider Gei; Pahner moved in the same direction. Meanwhile th 4th Corps v/as gradually pressing forward in front o Buzzard Roost Gap, which the enemy were holdiiu ■■.vitli a heavy force of infantry, and several well--ni;iii ned batteries. There is a low ridge almost across the gap, a httlc East of tlie main ridge, and upon this, the enemy hi thrown up a very strong line of works. Upon this li; . of fortllications they had twenty or more pieces of ;; Hllery, mounted so that they could sweep the wln' breadth of the gap with shell, grape and canister, in I case we undertook to take it by a charge. Thou- sands of men must have been slaughtered, had tliel attempt been made to drive them back by a charge,! or to take their works by assault. A far wiser schemej was devised by Gen. Sherman, and was .fairly ia progress on the 12th; when Gen. McPherson'Sjj Gen. Palmer's, and Gen. Hooker's commands got .in>^ to position on the East side of the Eidge in front of ^Snake Creek Gap. Gen. Joe Johnson now founc himself about to be cut ofi' from his base of supplies,! and to avoid this calamity, during the night with-J drew from our front, and fell back to a strongly forti^ lied position near Eeseca. On the morning of the 13th, ovu' Division advanced through Buzzard Eoost Gap, the 84th Ills. Vols., auc 86th Ind. Vols., being upon the sldmiish hne, an(i at half past eight o'clock a. m. entered and took pos-; session of the town of Dalton. The enemy had lef;^ a small force of cavalry, to cover their retreat, wli« made some show of resistance, so that a continua THE ATLxiNTA CAMPAIGK- 171 ffkirmlsli whs kept up all day, as our Corps contin- ued to advance to the Sputhwerd, from Dalton to- wiird Reseca. Thus Dalton, one of the' enemy's strongholds, and one of their best positions for defense, fell into our possession without a battle, and with a trifling loss, considering the force which occupied, or assailed ir. It was a to'vt'n of about three thousand inhabitants, and did considerable business before tlie war; but now it was nearly deserted, and the ohlj business houses in use, were those in which the rebels had left quite a quantity of military stores, which they were unable to remove sudden- ly. The next day the Railroad was put in repair, so that the cars came through from Chattanooga, loaded with supplies for our army. The wagon trains which had been for several days Ij'ing at Ringgold, immediately came up, and were parked in and about the town. On the 14th, a severe engagement commenced, about two miles North of Reseca, for our army was steadily pressing forward. The battle, generally call- ed the" battle of Reseca, was fought in a thickly tim- bered section of country, broken by ridges and deep ravines. In the forenoon, there Avas severe skirmish- all along the line, and late in the afternoon, the ene- niy massed his forces heavily upon our left, and for an hour or two, threatened to drive us back, but the 20th Corps hastened to the assistance of the 4th, and the position was held, with considerable loss on both sides. The left of our Regiment was durirfg this en- <'0untcr, under command of Maj. Cox, guarding the Division annnunition train, and the right after being on the skirmish line all day, was on picket during the Jiight. Qn- the loth, there was heavy fighting all along • 'line; our army slowly advanced, fortifying each 172 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT. ridge as soou as tliey got possession of it, until tiie\ came in front of one which the enemy had fortilie* months before, and now seemed determined to holu regardless of the number of lives it cost. Late in the afternoon however. Gen. Hooker made one of his brilliant and decisive charges, and took possession ol a part of the ridge, which he was enabled by terrible hard fighting to hold, though the enemy made seve- ral attempts to retake it. During the night of the 15th the enemy, finding that Gen. McPherson was turning his flank, fell back across the Oostenoola Iliver, the principal tributary of the Coosa, and re- treated towards Kjngston. On the 16th, our forces came to the river, and as it is a stream two hundrad. yards or more,*in width, and very deep, bridges had to be built before they could cross. Yet the splendid Pioneer Corps of the army, composed of twenty men of each Regiment, who VvQi'G required to carry ten axes, six spades and four picks, in addition to their ordinary accoutrements, soon constructed rough bridges, and during tlie day and night the whole arm}^ succeeded in crossing. Advancing on the morning of May 17th, the 2nd I )ivision of the 4th Corps being in front, no opposi- tion was met with until after passing through the lit- tle town of Calhoun, six and one half miles South of lieseca. From Calhoun for several miles, the ene- my contested every foot of the way, having a heavy i-ear-guard, who frequently checked our line of skir- misliers, luitil the colunm came up. AVhen within a1)out three miles of Adairsville, the eneni}^ made a stand, liaving thrown up a good line of fortifications, which tlie}' continued to hold until after dark. A severe engagement was anticipated at daylignt the Jiext morning, but when morning dawned, as bright and lovelv as was ever oeheldin "the beautvof Ma^'."^ TTTE ATL \NTA CAMPAIGN. 173 tliw'c WHS no eueiuj ui sight. Tlicy had been taught in the sharp encounter of the previous evening, that we had too strong a force for them to resist success- fiillj, in such an open country a.-^ is fouiul in the vi- cinity of AdairsviUe. On the 18th, we pas^LHt lui'ougu .Vdairsville, a ])]easant looldng town, containing .80§ or 1000 in- habitants, and met with no very serious resistance. Of course there was some skirmishing with the rear- guard of the enemy, but this wiis unable to hold any position an hour, and continually gave way before our heavy skirmish lines. Wo bivouacked for the night, about live miles South of Adairsxillo, in the n-iost fertile section of country wo had seen, .-nnc-c wo left Middle Tennessee. On the 19th, our Divi&:(.;i A^..^ :;: ;iU-.ply of forage and rations having been received, on ' the 23d day of May, the army again advanced ; but instead of taking the direct road towards ..\il;uij-;i. 174 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT thi'ongli the Allatoona pass, we turned directly to tiio right, in the direction of Dallas ; and having crossed the Etowah Eiver, encamped for the night near the little town of Euharlee, ten miles South of Kingston. On the 25th, we began to come into the ridffes next to the xillatoona I\Iomitains, and it was with no little difficulty that roads were found for the army, which was now advancing in four separate columns. The 4th and 14th Corps were upon the same road, the 4th Corps in advance, wli'en for some reason it became necessary to march until late at night, then a tremendous rain set in, about 9 o'clock p. m. and with- out any well beaten roads, in a thickly timbered, mountainous country, in the intense darkness of a stormy night, the whole 3d Brigade got lost and bad- ly scattered ; and not a few men of our Regiment, as well as several others, were finally compelled to lie down and wait for daylight, before they could find their own regiment, which becomes qnite like a home, to the thorough and devoted soldier. The next morn- ing we crossed over Raccoon Ridge, a portion of the Allatoona ^^lountains, and marched along a deep and densely timbered valley, still going in the direction of Dallas. About 4 o'clock p. m., v.-e began to hear heavy firing a few miles in front, and were hurried forward on quick time. Soon news came, that Gen. Hooker had met the enemy, and as he had the order "to go for them Avherever he found them," he imme- diately pressed forward and brought on a s'eveiie en- gagement, in which before dark, he lost seven or eight hundred men. .Vbout dark our , Division crossed Pumpkinvine Creek, and within an horn* joined Gen. Hooker's Corpo, which liad tor three hours or more,- been do- ing sonue very hard fighting; and was barely able to liold its ground, until night set in, compelling an in- THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 175 teiinic^sion of a few hours in tlie bloody contest. Early on the morning of the 27th, our Corps was ])laced in position, but the 1st Division being in the second .line of battle, was not actually brought into action, though our lines were during the day advanc- ed about half a mile, and some quite heavy fighting was done. By the next morning our whole army ^vas in position, Gen. Thomas' command in the cen- ter, Gen. McPhersons' on the right, near the town of Dallas, and Gen. Schoiield's on the extreme left. Early on the morning of the 27tli, our Division moved out to the front, relieving a part of Gen. AVood's Division, when our Brigade v.-as ordered into the front line of battle, and speedily threw up strong earthworks. After tv.'o or three hours sharp skir- mishing, the order to advance was given, and v/e drove the enemy back about half a mile, and securing a strong position, built another line of works. A con- stant and heavy fire was kept up during the day, nor did night bring a cessation of the sanguinary conflict. Through the whole night, there v/as a constant rattle and crack of musketry along the front line, and quite a number of batteries were in constant use upon both sides, hurling shot and shell promiscuously over the field, but with very little efi'ect. On the 28th, the enemy several times inade a dash upon Our lines, and twice came forward in masseil charging columns ; but the constant shower of sh.ell and grape which our Batteries poured in upon them, together with the terribly withering lire of nuisketry from our works, make them recoil, and after rallying two or three times, they fell back in disorder to their own line of fortifications, where our batteries could only reach them with solid shot. The enemy ]iow got F 'ine heavy guns into position, and> we were com- fi = --- to woi:k a good part of the ni'^'hi- '- ■ 176 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. works eti'ong enough, tliorougly to protect us from their twenty pound sohd shot, and fotir inch shells. Gen. McPherson was now atteinpting to tnrn the enemy's left flank, but fonnd it resting npon Lost Mountain, which was quite inaccessable. During tiie next three days, he was pressing the enemy's left heavily,. and some very hard tigliting was done. Our works were now only about six hundred yards from tiiose of the enemy, with a ro^v of skirmish j)its, a])out one hundred yards in front of each main line of works; and from these, as v:e\l as the main lines, an almost incessant fire was continued several days and nights in succession. On the 1st day of June, our line was' extended a considerable distance towards the left, and our Brig- ade having been relieved fi-om duty on the front Ime, nsoved in the same direction nearly a mile, and was |. 'laced in the second line. The lines of the 4th and 1 4th Corps were now extended, so as to cover nearly the whole ground occupied by the 15th and 16th Corps, .smce the battle commenced; and Gen. J\i('- I'iierson with these Corps, and Gen. Hooker with the 20th Corps, moved to the left, to ascertain the posi- tion and try the strength of the enemy's right flank. On the 2nd, our Pioneers v/ere sent out in front of the fortifications and there felled timber for a line of works, some fifty or sixty yards in front of our present fortified position, and during the night the new lines were thrown up. Durini;; the afternoon of the same day, Gen. Wood's Division made a fierce and deter- mined charge upon the enemy's works, and were finally repulsed Avith a lieayy less. The 23rd Ky. Vol., for- merly with us in tire lOth Brigade, suffering very se- verely. On the 3rd, the 1-lth Corps moved to the left, and for some reason, we know not what, there was very little facing along the whole forfified line during the day. THE ATLANTA CAI^IPAKIN. Vll On the 4th of June, our Bi-lgailo \v;im again ihoscm out upon the front line, and relieved Gen. Whittakcv'.-! (2nd) Brigade. We had heavy skirmishing, and con- stant firing from works ail day, lost one man killed and several wounded. About dusk, our Regiment was re- lieved by the 77th Regt. Pa. Vols., and ordered back to the second line of works, where we remained until late the next evening. The enemy retreated during the night of the 4th, for they found that our line was overlapping theirs, and' slowly sv/inging in upon their right flank. On the morning of the 5th, our Regiment was sent back about two miles to the rear, to guard the wagon trains of the Corps ; and the next morning the v/hole army marched in a Northeasterly direction toward Ack- ■vvorth, a Station upon the Railroad. On the 7th, we went into camp, about three raiS-es South of Ackworth, v/hore we remained until the 10th, resting after an engagement of ten days duration. Our army had lost quite heavily almost every day during this time, but had by the movement to the South- ward from Cassvillc, and the subsequent i advances across the ridges on both sides of Pumpkinvine Creek, gained possession of the AUatoona pass, which could never have been taken by assault, or an advance di- rectly upon it. We were now again upon the Railroad, which was in good running order to Ackworth, and supplies of a^U kinds vrere rapidly being brought for- ward. At this point the 17th Corps, commanded by Gen. Blair, came up and rejoined Gen. McPherson's com- mand, to which it had belonged during the Vicksburg campaign. By the 9th, all the sick and wounded were sent back to Chattanooga, or placed in the Department Hospital at Ackworth ; the army was abundantly supplied with clothing and rations, and everything was in perfect readiness for another flank movement. 1 78 IliSTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. On the 10th, the army moved forward on the du'cct road towards Marietta, and at Big Shanty, a Raih'oad Station four miles from AckAYorth — met the enemy'3 front or skirmish line. They had nov/ estabhshed their line of defense from Kenecaw Mountain to Pine Moun- tain, and our army v getting into por-'ition in their from, ' , : :1th, an advance wa^ made upon their line of I'ji'iuications, and a line of strong works was thrown up, within about half a mile of that occupied by the On the 12th, 13th and 14th, our lines were steadily acivanced, by establishing a line of skirmish pits dur- ing the night, and the next day while sharp-shooters in these pits, kept the enemy down behind tiieir works, a new line of fortifications was built. On the 14th, the rebel Gen. Polk was killed imme- diately in our front, by a shot from the 5th Ind. bat- tery, and the following night the enemy evacuated their works at Pine Mountain, and fell back towards the ridges South of Kenesaw Mountain. On the morning of the 15th, we cautiously advanced, and soon came npon them in another strong line of works, which we were compelled to approach by the toilsome process above mentioned, that is, by building successive lines- under their constant fire. On the I6th, we were so near their main line of for- tifications, that all the firing was done from the works,. and during the night they again fell back about half a mile, and built another line which we approached in the same manner during the 17th and 18th, working and fighting both day and night. Meanwhile, each day aid frequently until late at night, our numerous battc- ies were almost constantly employed, and perhaps our upcriority in artillery, contributed more effectually Han aught else to our success, in driving them from ne to line of fortifications. xxiE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 170 • About this time, Capt, Simonson, Cliief of Artillery of the 4th Corps, was killed by cue of the eneaiy's sharp- Iiooters. He was one of the finest artillery oiiicers in die army perfectly careless of his porsonal safety, and, ;eeming not to realize that he was ever in danger, he .as constantly exposing himself on the skirmish line, d finally fell a victim to his own temerity, at an ur when his ever-valuable services were the most jeded by the army. His skill and courage, as well d his dauntless intrepidity were known throughout the a*my,,and he fell covered with glory, deeply lamented by every soldier in the Corps to which he belonged. On the night of the 18th, the enemy again gave up a line of works in our front, and on the following morning our Brigade was ordered out in advance, fol- loAving . them up. A part of our Regiment was upon the skirmish line, when we came upon them, and suffer - :1 very severely. Company G wa,s particularly unfor- . mate, and had two men killed and seven v/ounded, in- the space of a few hours. On the 20th, our Regiment was on the front line ?J1 day, and though there was a constant, and at times a very heavy fire kept up, we did not lose a man. On the 21st, we moved a little to the right, and far enough to the rear to be but of range of the singing Minnies, and expected to have at least a day's rest ; but soon after noon we were ordered by Col. Gr6se to take a position on the front line, where the battle was raging furiously, and ere night set in had one man killed and several Wounded. On the 22nd, our Division moved still further to the right, and relieved Gen. Butterfield's Division, of the 20tli Corps. Here we found very siigljt and imperfect works, and ay ere busy all night i.i throwing up a new and very strong line, behind which we were destined to lie for several days. The fight commenced on the 11th of June, still con- 180 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT. tinued almost without cessation, and day after day \vt were losing men, and apparently making very slo^y progress towards Atlanta. The enemy were lying be- hind a very strong line of fortifications, and our lim was advanced until so near, that almost all the firin:' was done from the works. Finally, on the 27th of June, an attempt was made to carry the enemy-'s works by assault. The 2nd Divi- sion of our Corps, with two Divisions of the l-iu: Corps, were to make the charge at 6 o'clock a. m. ; but owing to- some mismanagement, the preparations for the (fharge were not completed until 9 o'clock, by which time in the morning it was excessively hot and sultry. The charging column started from our front in fine style, but after being more than an hour exposed to a withering, murderous fire, found it impossible to carry the works ; so the 2nd Division fell back in the jrreatest confusion, while a part of the 14th Corps, - especially Gen. Davis' Division, took a position within iive or six rods of the enemy's line, and there built foi^ tifications. Gen. Ilarker was killed in this charge, and our loss in ofQcers and m_en was extremely heavy ; the whole was a terrible failure, in part, owing to the fact that the enemy Were strongly entrenched, and in part, it was said, to the fact that so large a number of the ofiiccrs engaged in the movement, were on that day very much intoxicated. There was an armistice of G.\\. hours, in the afternoon, to enable our unfortunate Reg- iments to bury their dead, and bring back the wound- ed ; and here between the confronting lines, met the officers and men of the two- hostile armies, and engag- ed in conversation, indulged in pleasantries and jests, as though all were friends upon the most amicable terms, and not enemies engaged in deadly warfare. No advance was made during the week succeeding this unfortunate and disastrous charge, but our lines were gradually being extended, until on the 2nd day of THE ATKAJNTA CAilPAIGN. 181 July, we were prepared to turn tlic enemy's flank. Well knowing the result if tliis maneuver succeeded, on the night of the 2nd of Jul}-, Gen. Johnson quietly withdrew from our front and retreated towards Atlanta. On the morning of the 3rd, our forces advanced, and passing through Marietta, came up with the enemy about five or six miles East of that place, near what is known as ''Hough Station." The works abandoned by the enemy in front of Kenesaw Mountain, Avere as strong as we have ever seen constructed, and had it not been for the flanking movement, the skilful rebel Gen- eral could have held us in check there, as long as he chose. The position which the rebels had upon Kene- saw Mountain, which is an isolated peak in the midst of a rough broken country, enabled them to discover every movement our forces vrere making, and was besides one of the finest imaginable positions, for heavy artil- lery. But they were at last forced from this strong- hold, and Marietta was in our possession. It is a beau- tiful town of about two thousand, or possibly twenty- five hundred inhabitants, situated on very high land about twelve miles from the Chattahootchie River, and twenty miles nearly Northwest from Atlanta. On the evening of July 3rd, as above stated, wc came upon the enemy strongly entrenched, and ap- proaching as near as possible, we immediately pi-ocecd- ed to erect a line of fortifications. On the morning of the 4th, an advance was made, and the outer line of the enemy's works, scarcely more than ordinary rifle- pits, were taken without much difficulty. Several of our best batteries were now hastily placed in position, and there was an almost uninterrupted roar and thun- der of artillery for several hours. Finally, about 3 o'clock p. m., our Division charged, not with the inten- tion of carrying the works, but to secure and hold a position so near them, that the rebels would be speedi- ly compelled to evacuate. Our Brigade (3d) was in the 182 HISTOHY OF THE REGIMENT. front line, in this splendid charge, which was entirely successful ; and our line of works was that evening thrown up, only about three or four hundred yards dis- tant from that of the enemy.. The whole loss of the -Division in making this charge, was about one hun- dred killed and wounded, of whom sixty-six belonged to the third Brigade. Though our Regiment on this occasion, charged at least half a mile across"an open field, part of the time in plain view of the enemy, strange to say, not a single man was severely or seri- ously wounded. This was probably owing to the fact, that they were not in full view, until they reached the top of the ridge, nearly half way across the field; and from this time until they were safe in the intervening hollow or gulley, though the shells fell thick and fast, they invariably struck in the roar of the Regiment, as it rapidly descended the slope or hill. The enemy's gunners could not depress their pieces fast enough to strike our line moving on the "double quick" or faster, Maj. Cox, of our Regiment, was struck upon the leg in tlie charge, but his boot being very hard and dry, broke the force of the ball ; and though it penetrated through his boot and sock, it did him no serious injury. This Avas his second narrow escape on the campaign. Only a few days before ho had been struck upon the breast, and his steel plated vest turned aside the fatal mi£sile,and saved his life. On the morning of the 5th, the enemy having with- drawn during the night, our Division advanced and fouiKl them safely lodged in strong works, near the Railroad bridge across the Chattahootehie. The larger part of the rebel army had crossed the river, but Gen. Hardee's corps took a very strong podition on the West side, and for several d.iys maintained it against the Di- visions who were advancing upon it. Our Division turn- o(. the left, a mile c"' more, and found tkat in our frojvi, there was no enemy upon this side of the river: THE ATLANTA CA]\irAiaN. L^cJ yet they Avere in force on the bhiffs opposite us, and a constant skirmish fire was kept up across the stream. On the evening of the 7th, at least fifty pieces of lieavy artillery were brought to bear upon Gen. Har- tlec's stronghold, and for two hours there was a most terrible and terrific roar and thunder of artillery, mak- ing the :Mr fairly throb or pulsate, or producing such an eifecfupon the nerves, that many persons believed tliey felt the concussions. On the 10th, our Corps crossed the Chattahootchie Kiver, and encamped upon a high bluff" only a few hun- dred yards from it, where they remained for several days to rest and receive supplies. The whole army in the course of the week, encamped along the rivey, to enjoy A slight respite from the severe labors of the campaign, ere the assault was made upon the strongly fortified city of Atlanta. ^^^^^^ i^^^^^^^i^s:;^-^^- CHAPTER XIV. THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN FEOM THE CHATTAHOOTCHIE T^ LOYEJOY STATION — AND EETUEN TO ATLANTA, For more than sixty clays, tlie grand army advanc- ing upon Atlanta, under command of Gen. Sliermaii- had been almost incessantly in action. Week aftc- week the men had constantly worked npon fortifier lions, throwing np line after line as the overpowerc enemy gave way, and stubbornly yielded up stronp- hold after stronghold ; week by v^'eek the roar of lu tillery had scarcely ceased, and there had probabl not been a day since the campaign opened, whc; there- was not heard the sharp rattle, clatter and crasi of musketry, or an intermittent straggling fire upcr the skirmish line of the contending armies. The enemiy were now supposed to be direatly ii' our front, between the Chattahootchie River, and Atlanta ; but when the 23d corps s^Yung round to the left, and crossed the Chattahootchie near Ross- well, they found no considerable force to oppose them. A day or two afterwards the 4th Corps cross- ed at Powers' Ferry, and taking position on the rig] ; : of the 23d Corps, tlu'ew up a line of works, not b;- cause there was a force immediately in front, but t be certainly able to repel any attack that might he MAECH TO LOVEJOY STATION. 185 made ; and here on tlie East side of the river, these Corps laid in camp and rested, from the 12th until the IStli day of Jnly. Never was a few days rest more imperiously required, or gratefully received by an army, than the one now lying upon the banlcs of this rapid river, which glided by, almost in a torrent, from the high ranges of mountains far to the North- vrard. The men were very much wearied and worn down by the tremendous amount of labor, they had in so many successive weeks been required to i>er- form ; and now it was [Midsummer, and the heat dur- ing most of the day was insuft'erably intense; but while resting, they could each morning or evening, bathe in the swift mountain stream, and engage in the innu- jnerable sports and pastimes, that are sure to fill up tlio interstices, in the toilsome life of a soldier. Each morning and evening, hundreds flocked to banks of the river, and[in swimming and fi&hing, were as gay and hght-hearted, as any group of school-boys could be enjoying a holiday or vacation. 'VY^.r-wOrn and bronzed by the fierce rays of a Southern sun, they had not yet met with any reverses, that could damp- en their ardor, or depress their spirits : nor dick the prospect of a severe and perhaps awfully bloocly strug- gle, for the possession of the gate city, of the South, (wliich all realized was impending.) for a single mo- ment check the rude and hilarous mirth and festivity, of this brief season of repose. Besides being of great benefit to the army at this time, by giving the men- time to recruit then* overtaxed energies ; a slight check in the advance of this irresistable army was necessary, to enable all to be well supplied with new clothing, and have their equipments thoroughly re- fitted. " And here, in passing, we cannot omit to note the : aarkable energy, that was dis^ilayed tlii'oughout 180 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. tliis wonderful campaign, in bringing forward an abundant quantity of supplies, of every name, kind and description. Though the army at this time, iiuisthave numbered at least a hundred thousand men, and every 2:)article of supplies, rations, forage, and ammunition, had to be brought forward over a single lino of Railroad ; there was never any scarcity, and the army was never better provided v\-ith everything needful, than on its triumphant march from Tunnel Hill to the city of Atlanta. Thanks to the indefa- tigable Gen. Sherman ! While he was throwing the whole power of his wonderful military ability and ge- nius, into the contest at the front; he had selected able assistants, before the campaign commenced, to procure, prepare and hurry forward the indispensable supplies, daily needed by his great army. And now while a few days invigorating rest, was being enjoy- ed by the army along the banks of the Chattahoo- tcliie, an extra amount of ammunition and rations, was being brought up, lest some delay in procuring them might transpire, and indefinitely defer the re- duction of the immensely fortified "gate city." Sleanwhile, the enemy finding their position neai- the Railroad Bridge West of the river, no longer ad- vantageous or even tenable,' had withdrawn acros: the river ; and soon the 20th Corps, as well as the wliole of the army of Tennessee, under Gen. 3IcPher- son, stealthily sliifted in their position to the left, an^ crossed the river in the neighborhood of Rosswel' ;, leaving only the valiant 14th Corps t(^ (^r.iriVont tlu raain rebel army upon the direct lir the Rail- road towards Atlanta. By ilie 17th of July, Gen. McPherson's forces hnr taken a position on Gen. Schofield's (23d C<:)J'ps) Ict't., and every preparation was completed for rcnc^vir ■ the terrible contest. So on the morning of IklARCIi TO LOYEJOY STATION, 187 tiic main body of the army advanced, and tkongli there was a biisk skirmish kept n}) all the time, no very serious resistance \\a& met with, until most of our forces came to Peach Tree Creek, about seven miles from the City. On the same day the 14th Corps crossed, and driving steadily back the divisions stationed to resist their progress, eftected a junction with the right of the 14th Corps, and at night the wliole army was occupying a strong position in an al- most unbroken line. North and Northwest of the great citadel. On the 19th, but a slight advance was made by the 4th Corps, for tl>e enemy were strongly intrenched in our front, and the design was only to press them constantly at this point, while Gen. McPherson push- ed around still further toward the left, and threateii- ed tlieir Raih'oad connnunication with Augusta via Decatur. On the 20tli, a part of our Division crossed Pcacli Tree Creek, and part were employed most of the day in rebuilding a bridge across it, so that our artillery could cross. Du]"ing the day our Regiment having crossed the creek, advanced on the skirmish line, and charging the rebel rifle-pits, took prisoners tlieir entire picket or skirmish line in our front, with the loss of only four men wounded. That night Lieut. Provine, of com])any B, was taken prisoner, on our ])icket line, while endeavoring to connect ours with the picket lilies of the 77th ilegt. Pa. Yet. A'ols. Our Division during the night, threw up a sti-ong line of works, and on the 21st, advanced their lines about two hundred yards by sharp and almost con- stant fighting. I'he 28d Corps had by this time ad- vanced so far towards Decatur, tluit they had posses- sion of the Railroad tOAvard Augusta, and Gen. Mc- P])orR"i) -vvas far beyond them, and coming in upon 188 IIlSTOPtY OF THE REGIMENT. Atlanta, on the South side of the xVngusta Raih'oa.d. On the mornhig of July 22d, an advance of the whole line was ordered, and by the right wing and center of our arrav, no very desperate resistance was encountered ; but on the extreme left, Gen. Hood, who had a few days previous superseded Gen. John- son, in the command of the rebel army, massed his forces heavily and struck McPherson's army upon the flank, witli tremendous energy and etfect. Gen. ]jiIcPherson was killed, almost at the begin- ning of the engagement, and the command of the ar- my of the Tennessee devolved upon the brave and impetuous Gen. Logan, who succeeded in reforming the terribly shattered columns of the loth, IGth and 17th Corps, forming new lines of battle, under a withering fire, and held his position through ^one of the most fearful contests of the whole war. The 1;)at- tle thus commenced, continued for several hours. Ir was perhaps the most desperately contested tield, the most awfully sanguinary struggle, of the whole cam- ])aign ; but our forces valiantly maintained their ground, and the rash yet intrepid Gen. Hood, was forced to retire to his strong works near the city. While this desperate battle was going on to the Eastward of Atlanta, the 20th, 4th, and 14th Corps, made a very considerable advance, directly upon the place from the North and Northwest; and having secured strong positions, threw up a heavy line of VN'orks about two miles and a half from the city. This line of fortifications, was in some places in full view of the forts, Avhich crown every hill about and near the "Gate City." Having secured this position, sutficiently near to harass the enemy in their forts and fortifications, with our artillery, no advance was attempted for several days ; but the whole efibrt of our army was directed, to building a very formidablo MARCH TO LOVEJOY ST.iTIOK. 189 line of eartliworks; and nearl}- a hundred pieces of artillery were placed in position, and trained npon tlie city, and the enemy's line of works. Soon the heavy thunder of artillery, told that the task of reducing the almost inpregnable fortress had commenced, and while our advance line of skirmishers, in sldrmish pits, or "gopher holes" as they were familiarly called, ■ere keeping up an a,lmost incessant fire of musketry, .ly and night; the main body of our troops were ly- ig securely behind their strong works, awaiting an- iiher of Gen. Hood's ineffectual attempts, to force ns ;ci,ck to the Clmttahootchie. i'roni this time, for more than tour weeks the bom- bardment of Atlanta was incessantly continued. The vast amount of artillery, wdiicli had been in use duv- ;g the entire cam]iaign, was constantly employed; : nd a large number of very heavy pieces were broughi: ' \ )rward from Nashville and Chattanooga, to hurl into the devoted city, the terribly shrieking elongated riiie shot, and an unceasing shower of terror-inspiring shells, and shrapnel. Nor was the enemy less busily employed. They had scores of heavy pieces, mount- ed upon their forts, ' and but for our very strong works, ranging from eight to twelve feet in thickness, we should have suffered severely. As it was, very little damage was done, tliough not a few solid shot struck our works, hundreds of shell bu.rst in the ^ir above our heads, and a few^ forty-five pound shells made a terrible crashing in the woods, generally striking at some distance in the rear of our lines. It was common for a few men to sit on the main line of works, and give the alarm, when a dense volume of smoke rolled up from the points, where the enemy had their heaviest guns mounted ; and then in an in- stant, most of our men w'ould seek the ample shelter of the fortifications, and a few seconds later tlis shell 190 IIIBTOEY OF THE EEGBIENT. w^uld come slniekiiig or crasliing past. Occasionally ibr several hours, or perhaps for- a part of the day, the artillery firing would be discontinued ; but gen- erally from sunset until far into the night, tiiere was a deep and at times almost deafeuning thunder of ar- tillery, playing upon the doomed city. Frequently, while thus employed in holding a line of fortifications, and skirmishing with the enemy, who likewise had a line of skirmish pits, infiont of their main line of work.^; a sadden dash or charge would be made, and a part of their men, occupying tlie "gopher holes," would be taken prisoners. On the 3d day of August, Capt. Dilworth of company F, with a detail of about forty men from companies I and K, of our Regiment, together with the usual picket detail of twenty-iive men from the Regiment, advanced and took possession of the entire skirmish line in front of our Brigade, capturing twenty-six j:>risoners, without losing a man. It was one of the most successful little adventures of the campaign, and the brave Captain with the sixty-five resolute men of his command, maintained their position in the enemy's pits mitil nightfall-; when they were oi- dered to withdraw, as it was considered impractic- able to attempt to advance the whole line so far, at tiiis time. On the 5th, our picket line was again or- dered to advance; and made an attempt to do so, but witli little success ; for the enemy were prepared for those movements, and strongly resisted the i)ro))05ed encroachment. One man of our Regiment was killed, and two were severely woutided, in thisilly-a(l\ise(l,un- successful movement, w'hich originated we are inl'orm- cd, with Col. Grose. About this time, Oen. Stoneman's famous (;avalry oxpedition to the rear of jUlanta, to cut oii the only rema.iiiing Railro.'ul, was in progress ; and we dtiilv THE RETURN TO ATLANTA. 191 iiad scores of minors of what lie had done and snfier- od. Onr main force was now gradually shifting itr- position from the one &st occupied, on the North- east and North side of the city, to one on the North- west, and to the Westward of it. The line was still Miaintained in the first position, but it was greatly c?akencd, by the withdrawal of Division after Divi- •>n, imtil at last only the 4th Corps remained to : :jld it ; while the other several corps were i-emoved further toward the left, which was extended far to- wards West Point, which lies, six miles Southwest of Atlanta. About the middle of August, though the shelling of Atlanta was not for a day, scarcely for an hour dis- continued, active preparations began to be made for a movement, but we were scarcely able to ocaijocturo in what direction. Gen. Sherman and his iin'incible ai-my, had surmounted every obstacle that nature and military art could place in his way, until the terribly reduced, jet still powerful force lay in front, and more than half|^way around tlie "Gate city." This ho had found so strongly fortified, that as yet lie had ot attempted an assault, but lor a whole, month had :cpt an incessant storm of lead and iron hail, H .uring upon the city. Was he now going to give up the attempt and fall back, or make another of his dexterous iiank movements, to force the enemy from the remaining strongliold ? Judging from prior achievements in this cam})aign, many thought a lovement was about to be made to strike the enemy pon the flank, or in the rear; yet thousands consid- ;ed such an attempt altogetljer in:i practicable, as it 'uld not be done without greatly exposing our Ihie f communications, and endangering tlie line of Jailroad, over which all our supplies were brought for- .\';ivd. The w;^'""^'! ^"jiins were '"■^•'- <^v.,,>,;nw..i .,,.■! 192 HISTOEY OF THE EEGII\IENT tlie best teams put into the supply train, witli the or- der to keep constantly on hand, at least ten days sup- ply of forage and rations. All surplus baggage that had been accumulating at the front line, was sent back to the Chattahootchie Eiver, where the trains had for a month been parked upon the banks of the stream. The arms and accoutrements of the men vrere inspected, all men unable to march, were sent to the rear, and every preparation indicated innnediate action. On the night of the 25th of August, the great )uovement commenced. The 4th Corps, with the ut- most silence marched past the 20th Corps, toward the right, and there joining the main body of the army, all moved steadily to the AVest and Southwest, direct- ly avray from Atlanta. A.t daylight only the 20th Corps remained in sight of the enemy's fortiiications; and this Corps began immediately to fall back to- Avard the river, (^\'hen the enemy came out with a heavy reconnoitering force,) as though-it was covering the retreat of the main army, back across the Chatta- liotchie. Only the 20th Corps remained to guard tlie heavy wagon trains, and hold the line of Eailroad coumiunications ; while' all the other Corps, were marching first to the Southwest and then directly Southward,to strike the only remaining Eailroad, from Atlanta to Iilacon, in the vicinity of Jonesboro. ). AYe subsequently learned, that great was the rejoic- ing in the beseiged city, when the indomitable Sherman Avith his heretofore irresistable army, was found to hv falling back, having, as it was supposed, despaired of reducing the "Quebec of the South," Though the cit- izens, and even a considerable portion of the rebel army, might have been entirely misled by the strategy of our able Commander, we cannot think the shrewd as- tute and energetic Gen. Hood was entirely deceived ; for he straio;htwav sent off more than one half of ! is THE RETURN TO ATLANTA. 193 army, along the line of Railroad to Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station ; and when our forces came to the Rail- road several miles on this side of Jonesboro, they found that a large force of the enemy had already passed. The work of entirely destroying the Railroad was im- mediately commenced, and prosecuted with great ener- gy. Miles of it, were in a few hours torn up, the ties piled in great heaps, and as soon as the iron could be ^'Uced upon them they were set on fire. On the 1st of September, the whole 4th Corps be- ing on the left, was employed in destroying the Rail- road; while the 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th and 2 or d Corps crossed over it, and came upon the enemy quite strong- ly intrenched in neighborhood of Jonesboro, where a short engagement at once commenced. The 4th Corps was instantly ordered forward, but it was getting dark before even the 1st Division, which was in advance, could be brought into action. Just at dusk it came upon the enemy's right flank, almost at the moment that Gen. Davis' Division, of the 14th Corps, charged furiously through the woods, carrying the enemy's works, and taking several pieces of artillery and several hundred prisoners. Could the whole 4th Corps have been thrown upon the enemy's right, an hour or two earlier in the clay, w^hich would have happened had they not been detained so long at work on the railroad, the defeat of the rebels at Jonesboro must have become a rout, and at least several Divisions would have been taken prisoners. As it was, their works were assaulted and taken, and they fell back during the night to Lovejoy Station, wherethoy again attempted to make a stand, in strongly fortified positions. The next day our forces advanced upon them, and quite heavy skirmishing en- sued; but no attempt was made to take their litie of works, and within a day or two our whole army began +0 fall back toward Atlanta. As soon as the rebel General found that Gen. Sher • 194 inSTOIlY or THE REGIMENT. man was iiiakiug a bold movement towards liis rear, \\c had hurried all his available troops in that direction, and ordered the destruction of all the array stores, munitions of war, etc., etc., Avhich he was unable to re- move from Atlanta. On the night of Sept. 1st, four large Eailroad trains, loaded principally with ammu- nition, were set on fire, and for a few hours the explo- sions strongly resembled a heavy artillery engagement. The Foundries, Machine shops, and Percussion Cap Factory, as well as all the cars and engines in the city depot, were also consumed; and when on the 2nd of Sept., Gen. Slocum, commanding the 20d Corps, ad- vanced from the Chattahootchic lliver, directly upon the city, he found the works deserted, and his advance into the shell-battered city, was only resisted by an in- significant force of cavalry or mounted infantry. All the wasron trains lyin";bevondtheChattahootchi(^ were immediately ordered forward, and on the 4th, all Avere parked in and about the place; while the 20tli Corps, took up a defensive position in the fortifications. Avhich had so recently been occupied by the enemy. Within a few days our whole army returned from Jonesboro, and went into camp around the "Gate City of the South." On the hist movement of tlie campaign, the one which gave us possession of the objective point of the campaign, Ave had sustained considerable loss : for the fighting at Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station had been quite severe; yet hoAV slight it Avas, compared Avith the loss Avhich must haA^e been inevitably suffered, had an attempt been made to take the city by assault, or even by a regular siege. Our Regiment in this expedition to Lovejoy Station, liad but one man killed and five AVounded, and oiu* lo;: Avas probably about as heavy as any Regiment in tin Corps. The loss of the 14th Corps was much grc ate ■. for ii; Avas in the front of the engagement. The grc;r campaign Avas noAV at last completed. For four month IN CAMP AT ATLANTA. 10:» the crack and rattle of muskctrj, and the fearful thun- der of heavy artillery had scarcely ceased ; for four months our men had been engaged in building line after line of breastworks, and slowly, yet surely, forc- ing the enemy back, through a country offering every facility for defense ;, and in four months the rebel army had not only been forced and driven back over a hun- dred miles, but had lost in killed, wounded and priso- ners, fully one third of their effective force. Atlanta was at last in our possession ; another vital point had been taken, but not without a long continued, earnest effort, not without great labor and a heavy loss of life. Our Kegiment had, during this campaign, built many successive lines of fortifications, and when it went into camp three miles Southeast of the city, it was estimat- ed that wo had thrown up at least ten miles of »strong v/orks, since v/e set out on the campaign. The entire loss of the Regiment on this severe campaign, we find was twelve killed and seventy wounded, of whom six subsequently died in hospital. — [See part II.] "We have endeavored to describe the movements of Gen. Sherman's invincible army, on this great cam- paign, and now leave the subject, feeling that the de- scription is very imperfect, and that the toils and ef- forts, struggles and victories of this season, can never be perfectly understood or fully appreciated, except by those who were in the army, or possibly those who in traveling irona Chattanooga to Atlanta, shall render themselves familiar with the geography of the country ii> which the "Atlanta campaign" was prosecuted. CHAPTER XT. VAUP near ATLANTA AND MOVEMENT tIA CHATTANO0-- (;.^, nUNTSVILLE, ETC*, TO PULASKI, TENNESSEE. Tlie "Gate City" of the South was now in our pos- 8'ss.iioH, and as our illustrious commander had decided not to go immediately forward: the whole army, about the Gth day cf September, went into camp in the vicin- ity of the city, which ha,d been so immensely fortified, and was so impregnable, while garrisoned by a courage- ous, determined and valiant army. The 23rd Corps was stationed on ttie extreme left towards and at Decatur; the 4th Corps was placed about three miiles Southeast of the city ; the 14th Corps on the Southwest; the IGth and ITth Corps at Rough and Ready Station, six miles South of the city ; while the 20th Corps were camped and quartered in the city, or at least inside of the nearest line of fortifications. It will be noticed, that although thearray was now perm;; nently encamped, it was still in a line of battle, an ui; broken line for defense. At this time, the rebel army was only ten or fifteen miles South of us, near wher the last engagement of the campaign had taken phu-,' As- soon as our army encamped in front of AtlanJ:u Gen. Sherman issued his famous order to the remaining inhabitants, ri^.quiring them to remove to the North- ward,, or to go beyond the lines of the enemy in the IN CxiMP AT ATLANTA. 197 feunti'ary direction. This order, which was so long con- sidered very oppressive, in some portions of the North; and which might never have been fully comprehended, had it not been for the subsequent correspondence be- tween the commanding Generals of the opposing armies; Avas from the outset extremely popular with the army. All thinking men situated as we were, could see the ne- ■cessity for it, while at home the actual situation of our army, as well as the condition of the inhabitants yet remaining in the captured city, was but very inperfect- ly understood. The city of Atlanta, in time of its greatest prosper- ity, had contained between eight and ten thousand in- habitants. Its growth during the first two years of the war, had been exceedingly rapid, for it was so nearly in the exact center of the whole rebel territory, that very few of that deluded and unfortunate people, who en- gaged in the rebellion, ever imagined that it might eventually fall into the hands of a Northern army. Hence, hundreds removed from the coast, as well as the border States on the North, to this place of fancied security; and it was a growing and prosperous city, until long after the towns and cities upon the borders, were suffering the untold ravages of civil war. The busin-ess portion of the place was very well built, but the most noticeable feature, was the unusually large number of splendid residences, surrounded by shade trees, evergreens, and shrubbery, with lawns and beds of flowers, and all the appliances and adornments which wealth bestows, when in the hands of those whose taste is refined, luxurious or fastidious, and who have never thought of it, as representing kbor in a concentrated form. Situated as the city is, upon a score of small hills or knolls, it offers more numerous beautiful loca- tions for palatial mansions, than almost any place we have ever visited North or South ; and having besides this, the rej)utation of being one of the healthiest places 198 HISTORY OF THE EEGlMENT. in the vfhole country ; it is not strange that many of the wealthy class, should have elected to make here a lovely, charming and delightful home. When our forces took possession of the city, there were probably less than four thousand inhabitants re- maining ; and these belonged in part to the poorer and laboring class, and in part to the most profligate and degraded than can infest a city. Most of the wealthy class had removed their effects, while our army was ad- vancing upon Kenesaw Mountain ; many more had hastened to depart as soon as they learned that we were across the Chattahootchie River, and v/hen finally our shells began to fall thick and fast, bursting through a roof here, perforating a wall there, and shivering and splintering everything they struck ; there arose a terri- ble panic, and nearly all who possibly could, fled from, the threatened destruction. Hence, when the city fell into our hands, nine-tenths of all that remained, would within a single month have become dependent in one way or an other, upon the army and the Government for support. All army supplies must, meanwhile, con- tinue to be brought over a single line of Railroad, so long that it could not at every point be constantly guarded, and was therefore, liable at any moment to be destroyed, or put temporarily out of repair. If the Government was required to support these people, it was far cheaper to eend them "back to Nashville, and even beyond the Ohio River on empty trains, than to supply them here. Yet all who desired to take care of themselves South of the rebel lines, were permitted to do so, and an immediate exodus in one direction or the other was required. Considering the circumstances, we maintain that if the order for removal did smack of military despotism, that it also exhibited the signal talent, forethought, and wisdom of its author. • "^'■' ns the army was encamped, the mails began '" and newspapers^ of which we had IN CAMP AT ATLANTA. 199 been almost entirely deprived for four niontlis, ^vcrc daily brought to camp, and read mih tlie deepest inter- est. As the great campaign from Chattanooga to At- lanta was closing, a political campaign in the North was inaugurated ; candidates for the highest office in the nation, were again before the people for their suffrages; nd though a portion of brave and true men in the ■'tented field," were still refused the right to exercise the glorious privilege of expressing at the polls, their opinion as to who should be the Chief Magistrate, they intently watched the progress of affairs, with an inter- est rather enlivened and increased, than subdued or depressed by the wrongful deprivation. The success of the truly Union party at the North, was earnestly hoped for by almost every soldier in the field ; and had it not been for the recent speech of Gen, McCleilan at West Point, coupled with his remarkable letter of acceptance, scarcely a man in the Federal army would have been found upon his side, with all his prestige of military and strategic fame. As it was, his admirers and friends were not numerous, and the advocates of his cause in the Union army, had little to say in public. In our Regiment, there was daily some little politi- cal discussion, while we were enjoying this delightful season of rest; but the sentiment of the Regiment was very strongly upon the side of-the great statesman, who had already displayed such signal ability in tht management of national affairs; and could themenhavf voted on November 7th, 1864, not half a dozen atmost. and we cannot say certainly, that a single man v/oiriu have voted for McCleilan and Pendleton. While in this camp, quite a number from our J^^cgi ment obtained furloughs, and enjoyed the rare pleasure of visiting their homes and friends, and seeing agai]'. the happy condition of the people, in a land over which the fearful simoon of civil war had not swept, fraught with distress, misery and desolation. TVk mows o' TririTOKY OF THE EEGBlENT Uon. ciicriaan's great victory in the Shenandoah Val^ ley, received about this time, called forth loud shouts of joy and exultation ; and the final success of Gen„ Grant in Virginia, at no distant day, was confidently predicted. In purguing the history of our Eegiment, we have heretofore omitted to notice the promotion of three commissioned c'^'fcers, which took place in the Spring of 1864. Assistant Surgeon McDill was promoted to Surgeon, and permanently transferred; becoming Sur- geon of the 80th Regt. III. Vols., which had several months previous been attached to the 3rd Brigade. Our Hospital Steward, Frank Hunter, was promoted to fill the place vacated by Surgeon McDiil; and 1st Sergt. W. H. Galbraith, was promoted to 1st Lieut, of company K, in place of Lieut. Mills, who resigned while we were encamped at Blue Springs, before enter- ing upon the great campaign. Dr. Hunter was highly esteemed and rapidly secur- ing popularity as a Surgeon, during the first month he acted in this capacity fof the Regiment ; when about the middle of September, he received notice to appear before a certain Corps Board of Surgeons, for exami- nation. As he had been e:samined by the Illinois State Board, prior or rather preparatory to receiving his commission, he declined t?) respond, and denied the authority of this sxmj Board to summon him before it. Finally, when their singular dt^iand was insisted upon, he resigned, giving this mode' of treatment as his rea- son for wishing to learve the service. His resignation was immediately accepted ,'^yed tape' achieved a sig- nal victory, and vie were needlessly deprived of the valuable services of an able and efScient officei. Our llegiment after recovering from the innumerable hardships,and fatigue incident to the closing marches and battles of the campaign, again became very healthy. Very l"ew responded to the Surgegn's morning call, and IN CAMP AT ATLANTA. 201 the few "who did come forward to be excused from duty, were not seriously afflicted. The usual number of reports and rumors were con- stantly afloat in camp, and the army toward the close of the month, having rested and recruited, was begin- ning to feel anxiouB to go forward into or through the heart of the confederacy ; when the news came ^that Gen. Hood was moving rapidly toward our rear, or at least sending a cDnsidera,ble force t© cut off our sup- plies. A part of the 15th Corps was immediately sent to Rome, Ga., and a day or two later, the 14th Co.^.:: took the cars for Chattanooga. A considerable force was still left at and around Atlanta, until al)#it the first of October; when the 4th and 23rd Corps mo.rched from their camps East of the city, back towards Chat- tanooga. On reaching Ackworth, they found that the enemy had made a heavy attack upon that point, but had been repulsed with great loss ; and learned that the main body of Gen. Hood's army was now moving to the Westward, and was already beyond the Allatoona Mountains. Our celumn pressed forward in the same direction, following the wagon road near the Railroad, and con- stantly hearing of the enemy, at no great distance ahead. When near Kingston, our Division was or- dered to Rome, and made a forced march to that place ; but soon after its arrival, w-as ordered imme- diately to rejoin the corps, by the road leading direct- ly from Rome to Calhoun or Reseca. Gen. Hood, with his infantry force was by this time at Reseca, and his cavalry force was threatening Dal ton; which was held only by a few Regiments of colored troops. From Reseca, he passed through Snake Creek Gap, and our Division was here so closely ])ursmng him, that having taken a by-road and climbed to the sum- mit of Rocky Face Ridge, the rear of the rebel army was in full view, and the rear-guard not over two 209. HISTORY OF THE REGI.MENT. miles distant Yet no attack was ordered, and the whole rebel army moved oi±' toward the Southwest, probably to pass or ascend the ranges of the Pigeon and Sand ]\Ioiintains ; and our forces passing throngh the gap, marched toward Gaylesville, Ala. Under the special orders of Gen. Sherman, we were living al- most entirely upon provisions from the country, and foraging hea\dl3^ upon the rich valleys in this vicinity. This march^^and the abundant supply of sweet pota- toes and fresh meat, foraged from the country, will long be remembered by the men of our Regiment. The}' i^ijoyed at this time, the finest and richest -liv- ing, they ever had while in tlie service. But this fine li^-iug, was for a period of very brief duration. Speedily the order came to march direct- ly to Chattanooga, now about seventy miles distant; and at the end of three days, we again reached this great Military Depot. Here we were not long de- tained, considering the large force, now Deing witli all speed removed towards Huntsville. We encam])- ed near the foot of Lookout Mountain and rested two days, hourly expecting to be ordered to take the train. -Finally when all was in readiness, we clambered aboard and moved slowly down around the bend of tlie river, almost underneath the towering mountain ; thence si)ed across the valley, and through the pass in the Raccoon Mountains to AVhiteside, whci'c wc had some toil months ])efore been encamped. About Chattanooga, as well as along this route, many faniiliar objects met the eye, and scores of inci- dents were reJated, that had transpired when we were here ]>efore. At Stevenson we took the branch of the Railroad leading to Decatur, which for at least twelve miles, runs through an almost continuous SM'amp, US dark and gloomy as the far-famed jungles of Hindostan. lint ni^bt came on, and we had no UX THE :^IAECH. 203 opportunity to observe the comitry, in this the ex- treme Northern portion of Alabama. Passing in the night the ruins of the town of Larkinsville, and the beautiful Kttle city of Huntsville; we reached the Ten- nessee River again and Decatur, early in the morning, and proceeded directly to Athens Ala ; which we found deserted by the troops, which had for some months garrisoned the place. They had evidently left in great haste, for CommissaryStores ot con- siderable value had been abandoned, and as our Brigade was the lirst to reach the deserted camp, tl).e men had a fine opportmiiry to replenish their haver- sacks. At this pleasant town, we remained two clays awaiting orders, and had in the meantime,' the pleas- ure of seeing and visiting the somewhat celebrated Female Seminary, here established and successfully conducted by Mrs. Cliilds. The town has suffered severely by the war, as it has been several times suc- cessively occupied, by each army ; but both armies were very careful not to inflict the terrible ravages of war upon the grounds, buildings, or furnitm-e of tliis noble institution of learning. Se^-^ral officers of our Ilegiment visited the Seminary building, and Avere received with every mark of genuine pohteness, that a talented, refined and higldy educated lady could bestow. All who saw ]Mi-s. Childs, came away im])ressed, with a profound respect for the ability and talents of lady proprietor, an admii'ation of the charui- ing taste that was manifested in the adornment of the rooms ; yea, with a feeling in their heart?, akin to veneration, for an Institution, around which there was such an atmosphere, that even rude and b'nster- ous soldiers would stop ere they commenced the work of devastation and destraction, and finally turn aside, resolving not to be the fii'st, wlio with ruthless 204 HISTOHY OF THE REGIMENT. hand should infringe and desecrate the sanctuary, dedicated to the education and refinement of the better portion of humanity. Two days hard marching to the Northward, over a rough broken country, upon roads now rendered sHppery and muddy by the frequent rains, brought us to the woe-stricken town of Pulaski, Tenn. The Railroad between Athens and Pulaski had been de- stroyed, and now all the troops that had garrisoned the places South of Pulaski, were withdrawn ; for Cren. Hood was by this time concentrating a heavy force on the South side of the Tennessee River, in the vicinity oi Tuscumbia or Florence, Ala., and was threatening speedily to march up through Middle Tennessee to Nashville. The 4th Corps, now went into camp upon the rug- ged hills North of the town, and the 23d Corps took position a little further to the Northward. All the remaining corps of Gen. Sherman's invincible army, were again speedily making their way back to Atlan- ta : while Gen. Thomas was to command in his old Department, and hold these two Corps as an army of observation upon the movements of Gen. Hood. Within a few days, the wagon trains which had ]>een left at Chattanooga, came up via Decherd Sta- tion ; and our Division set to work to build Winter <|uarters, and to throw up strong fortifications upon the l>leak hills adjacent to the wai'-desolated town. There now began to be constant talk of pay, and never perhaps during the progress of the whole war, had any army been longer neglected in this respect. Shortly before starting out on the Atlanta campaign, it was re})orted that Gen. Thomas had ordered the immediate payment, of all the troops of his command, which had been last paid in February. But ere the Rolls could be thoroughly examined, and liefore the ON THE ]\IiVRCH. 205 payment actually commenced, the army moved upon Dalton; and from that tune until the campaign closed, and the army encamped at Atlanta, there was no op- portunity given for attending to this very important business. At Atlanta, the prospect of payment was brightening, when the movement toward Jthe rear commenced, and now almost every officer and man in the army, was clamoring for the eight months pay due him. Every two months, Pay Rolls had been made out and forwarded, and now it seemed there would be a brief refepite from movements or action, in which the soldiers could receive their just due, and forward to their needy families at home, the long delayed remit- tances. About the 15th of November, only eight or ten days after these corps reached Pulaski, the Paymas- ters arrived; and very shortly afterward, the pay- ment of the troops commenced. On the 16th, our llegiment was paid ; and such a day for settling ac- counts and paying debts, we had never seen. Nearly every man in the Regiment was owing the Sutler, and scores who had on the early part of the Atlanta campaign, plenty of money to use and to loan, ere this had been forced to borrow, or obtain credit with our own, and neighboring Sutlers ; until nearly all were awfully in debt. Thousands of dollars changed hands several times that day, before all accounts were settled. It was a lucky day for sutlers, for now most ot their long standing, and in many cases heavy bills were speedily paid. Within twenty four hours after being paid, nearly every man in our Regiment, had sent home a portion of his surplus funds — or was }U'eparing to send. Now for the lirst time since the organization ol the Regi- inent, was a "chuck luck" bank set in operation in 206 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. our camp ; and the lovers of a " social game ot poker," permitted almost without rebuke, to en- joy their favorite pastime. Col. Waters had been for some weeks commanding the Brigade, and of course could not exercise his usu- al vigilance and control, over his Regiment, or, we venture to say, all gambling would have been speedi- ly stopped. Our Regiment was at this time, largely represented at Brigade Headquarters ; for Surgeon Kyle had at Atlanta, become Chief Surgeon of the Brigade, and Capt. Etvin Topographical Engineer. We had now, daily rumors of the movements of Gen. Hood, yet it was thought scarcely probable that he would, so late in the season, enter upon a campaign into Tennessee. Yet only a da}'^ or two af- ter we were paid, reliable information was received, that he was crossing the Tennessee River at Florence, 'and the whole cavalry force in this Department, was kept constantly busy in Avatching his movements. On the 21st, it was ascertained that he was ad- vancing with a heavy column upon the pike from Florence, via Lawrenceburg, towards Columbia, and immediate preparations were made to move in the same direction. The sick were sent by Railroad to Nashville, and those who for want of shoes, or for any other reason were unable to march, were sent as far iis Columbia by Railroad, there to await the coming of their several Divisions. Winter quarters, which had not been three days i>efore completed, and in some cases which were not half iinished, w^e saw must very shortly be aljandon- ed; for Hood was determined to forage upon, and supply his army from the rich counties of 3Iiddlc Tennessee, and the 4th and 23d Corps Averc not sutil- ciently strong to resist his progress. The preparations for a marcli were eonduetod with the greatest ])<^»ssi- ON THE lilARCH. 207 ble celerity, and on the 23d day of November, tlie re- treat froiii Pulaski towards Nashville commenced ; but of that, and its hardships and trials in another Chapter. CHAPTER XVI. RETREAT TOWARDS NASHVILLE, AND BATTLE OF FRANK- LIN. On the 22nd of November, marching orders were received at Pulaski ; but such a vast quantity of stores liad been accumulated at the Depot, that it was found impossible to move within twenty-four hours, with- out incurring a very severe loss. Heavy details were immediately ordei^ed from our Brigade, to load upon the cars, the surplus commissary and ordnance stores, and trains were loaded almost every hour. On the morning of the 23d, the order came to the Regiments, to march at 12 o'clock, and before the hour arrived, everything about our camp was in readiness ; the rank and tile had packed their knapsacks; the wagon trains were loaded, and still there was a vast quantity of ammimition at the Depot, that could only be re- moved on the Cars. 'About 1 o'clock the troops began to move, and Cob Waters now commanding the 3d Brigade, Ist Division, was ordered to remain at the De}iot, and load all trains that came, until midnight. Before fore dark, the whole army, except the 3d l^rigade and a small force of cavalry, were on the pike leading to Columbia, followed by the indispensable eneum- ! RETHEA^ TOWAEDS NASMVILLE. 20^ lorance of an army — a heavily loaded wagon train Until midnight, Col. Waters with his Brigade, was employed in loading trains, and tinally had to destroy several thousand rounds of armnuni.tion. Hourly, reports were brought in from the cavaby, that the enemy were only four miles distant, and ready to make an attack. About 2 o'cldck, a. m. htiving complet- ed, as far as possible the work of loading what could be transported, and destroying the remainder; Col. Wa- ters started with his Brigade to overtake the :iiaiu body of the Corps, and take the position of rear-guard behind the wagon train. A few hours steady marching brouglit us up to the rear of the trains, ^vhich had mov^ed vmy slowly dur- ing the night, and were at daylight, only in the neighborhood of Lynnvilie, and stiii about eighteen miles from Columbia. Soon after sunrise the rebel cavalry came m sight, and began to skirm.ish with the rear-guard. The wagon trains were now hurried forward with the greatest possible speed ; while each side of the road was lined with negroes, of all ages and sizes, bearing all sorts of burdens of household goods ; and fleeing in consternation from the rapidly advancing enemy, who were now constantly skir- mishing with our rear-guard, which alone could save them from capture. The enemy did not seem inclined to press the rear-guard very severely, gene- rally keeping out of range of our far-reaching En- helds, and only now and then dashing iip, as if about to begin an attack. Before we reached Columbia, the enemy had come in so closly upon the left, that only a narrow ridge intervened ; the other two Brig- ades of the Division had been left to assist ours in getting in with the wagon trains ; and we could hear a constant report of small arms, in the lively skir- mishing, carried on by our cavalry. no HLSTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. About four o'clock, on the evening of the 24th, our Brigade reached Columbia^ having marched tliirty- three miles within thirteen hours, without halting for rest or refreshment, and more than half the dir> tance, carrying on a constant skirmish with the ene- my's cavalry. The troops which had preceded us, that is, the 23d Corps, and the 2d and 3d Divisions of the 4tli Corps; had by this time thrown up a line of works, and were ready for the attack by the main body of Gen. Hood's ai'my, which was coming up on the Lawrenceburg pike, and had been pushing forward with all speed to reach Columbia, before we did. The wagon trains were immediately sent across Duck river, where there were thousands of negroes alread}'- assembled, we can- not say encamped, who were making their exodus from the fluctuating borders of the Southern Confed- eracy. On tlie 25th and 26th, there was constant skir- mishing, and each night our forces were changing ])osition, keeping in front of the enemy who seemed determined to turn our left flank. On the 27th, all the wagon trains moved to Frank- lin, but Gen. Schofield who v/as in command of both Corps, adopting a piece of strategy similar to that which distinguished Gen. Banks at Sabine Cross Roads, ordered all back to the neighborhood of the troops, the same night. It was in vain that Gen. Stanley re- monstrated. So the next day, the trains all returned, and rejoined the troops near Rutherford Crefek ; the whole army, meanwhile having fallen back across Duck River, and left Columbia in possession of tlic rebels. On the morning of the 29th", Gen. Schofield with Gen. Cox's Division of the 23d Corps, which were lying on our extreme left, moved directly to I'ranklin; RETREAT TOWARDS NASHVILLK -' and Gon. Stanley with the 2d Division of the 4tii Corps, started for the same point, via Spring Hill, followed by the immense wagon trains of both Corps, and the artillery Brigade of the 4th Corps, The 1st and 3d Divisions of the 4th Corps, as the orders were originally given, w^ere to follow up the trains, while- Gen. Rugar's Division of the 23d Corps, was to cover the retreat. But here again Gen. Schofield changed the programme, by ordering Gen. Rugar immediately to Franklin; thus throwing upon Gen. Stanley and his Corps, all the danger risk and responsibility of effect- ing the retreat ; encumbered by very large and heavi- ly loaded trains. So, the 1st and 3d Divisions were halted at Rutherford Greek until evening, having as it v,'as supposed, the whole rebel army to contend with ; wdiile in fact that army was making a forced march to turn our left flank, and cut us off from Franklin, at Spring Hill. A little after noon Gen. Stanley reached Spring Hill, twelve miles South of Franklin, and found the enemy closely pressing in on his right, apparently in- tendhig to strike the same point. In a moment he discovered his danger, and dispatched courier after courier to the rear, to hurry forward his other Divi- sions ; but they were by Gen. Schoiield's order, re- quu'cd to remain till dark at Rutherford Creek. The 2d Division was speedily placed in line of battle, in front ot the enemy, who v/ere nov/ coming forward from the Southeast, apparently in heavy massed col- umns, their cavalry having taken possession of the pike toward Franklin. The wagon trains were hastily parked in compact masses, in the town; and almost at the moment the rear of the trains reached the place, the attack was commenced on the 2d Division, by three or four Divisions of the enemy. The 2d Division fought nobly, but having less than 2i2 llISl^ORY OF toE REGIMEKT. six thousand men, was able to oppose but a strong skirmish line, to the advance of the main body of the rebel armv. Slowly and steadily our lines were forced back, and now Gen. Stanley, as calm and self- possessed as if conducting a Review, began to show his signal abilit}^, in the moment of the most pressing danger. Battery after battery was thrown into posi- tion, and brought into play, and helped to sustain the already depleted and wavering columns of the devot- ed 2d Division. It was by this time, getting to be late in the after- noon, and the thunder of olir artillery became an incessant and deafening roar. Having a "svhole Brigade of artillery at command, and the country al- fording several most excellent positions for our henvv' batteries, Gen. Stanley was able to check the strong columns, which the rebel Generals were now urging forward. Every moment the peril of our compara- tively small force, was becoming more imminent. We were being speedily surrounded, for the enemy had closed in upon the pike by w4iich wc came; and in order to make our front line equal in length to theirs, a battery w^as placed on our extreme right, several hundred yards distant from the infantry, and of course Vv'holly without support. As night was throwing her sable mantle o'er the dis- mal scene, the enemy made one more desperate charge^ but our numerous batteries, at some points wholly un- supported by infantry, hurled them back in the great- est confusion; As they withdre\7, the firing gradually ceased, and after it was fairly dark, only a straggling skirmish fire was maintained. Our position was now one of terrible suspense. The train could only be de- fended while closely parked — the road to Franklin was held by the enemy's cavalry — an immensely superior force was only waiting till the dawn of day to renew the attack, having already cut us off from the other BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. 21^ Divisions of the Corps. We had been astonished that the enemy brought no artillery into piny, but subse- quently learned that it was delayed in crossing a stream or swamp, and did not come up till some time in the night. Every man now realized that unless succor came within a few hours, a surrender was inevitable. About one o'clock, sharp skirmish firing commenced on the road t'oward Columbia, and a joyful yet sup- pressed cheer instantly rang through the town. We knew that a force was coming — could it possibly reach us ! Soon the firing ceased, and Gen. lingers' Division, which had been detained somewhere Soutli of lis, began to pass by, going directly onward toward Franklin. As soon as this Division passed, all the trains were hurried into the road, and such a crowding, jamming and banging of teums and trains, urged for- ward by hundreds of teamsters, all cursing and whip- ping their faithful mules, perhaps never before contrib- uted to make a night hideous. The 4th Corps were now to cover the wagon trains to Franklin, and in order to do this eftcctually, a strag- gling column had to march beside the road, upon which the trains were crowding along, two teams abreast. As soon as it was fairly light, tlie enemy's cavalry began to dash in upon the retreating column ; and at every dash, of course, caused a panic and stampede in the trains ; but the warm reception given these raiders by our veteran Divisions, soon caused them to desist. When the sun rose, the 1st Division was about six miles from Franklin ; which place it reached about noon ; and was immediately thrown iiito line of battle. By half past two, the rear of our column came up, and all the trains were immediately sent across the Harpetli River, while all the troops were at Avork with the great- est energy, constructing a line of works on the tSoutli side of the town. ' The 23rd Corps, which had arrived first, by three n4 HISTOKY OF THE REGIMENT o'clock in the afternoon, had a very strong line of works, from the Spring Hill pike Eastward to the B,iver. The line of the 4th Corps' from the same pike to the Vf estward, was much less formidable, as this portion of the army had but a few hours, to devote to its con- .-^truction. _ In about an hour after our rear guard reached Frank- lin, and before our , fortifications were completed, the enemy came in sight in heavy force ; advancing in three columns over the high hills immediately South of the town, down into the valley in our front — and more properly into the valley of the Harpeth, in which we were lying — where they immediately began deploying into lines of battle, and making preparations for a charge. All the wagon trains, except those loaded with am- munition, were now ordered to start directly for Nash- ville. Gen. Schofield took a safe position, upon an em- inence on the North side of the River, while Gen. Stanley Avas Vfith the army on the South side, in front of the town. About four o'clock, the enemy came up with several successive lines, and with triple lines of battle charged our 6enter, upon, or a little to the East- ward of the Spring Hill pike. A few of our Batteries which had been retained, (most having been sent tov/ard Nashville with the wagon train,) opened upon them as soon as they came within range, and kept up a con- stant fire with shell, grape and canister ; and when they came within rifle range of our works, volley after vol- ley T^-as poured in, sweeping down hundreds, but scarce- ly checking the charging column or causing it to waver. On, on directly toward our center, came Cheathams' and Claiborne's veteran Divisions, commanded by the resolute, unflinching Claiborne. Eor a few moments, it seemed as though they were destined to reach our works, so unflinchingly did they endure the most galling and destructive fire, the leaden and iron rain of minnie^ BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. 215 ,*grape and .-ihell. Each discharge from tlie batteries, cut broad swaths through their strong columns; ■while the incessantly crackling fire of musketry, told that a terrible destruction of human life, was in eacli moment taking place. But it was in vain that the in- domitable Claiborne, urged forward his devoted Divi- sion. Li vain did the veteran columns, rail}- and auain charge desperately upon our nobly manned fortifi- cations. In vain was all the valor, courage and en- thusiasm, which could inspire t-he most determined troops the world oversaw; their resolute columns could struggle madly forvfard, barely to reach, and then be bayoneted from our works. All along our line, shnilar successive charges were made, but more especially in the center of the crescent, in which our forces were lying, was the charging the most terrific, the destruc- tion of human life most appalling. It w;";S here, that the rebel Qen. Adams, leading on a desperate charge, rode up to and indeed almost over our works, to be orced by a half dozen death-dealing minnie. Here, the thickest of the fight, when his Irish blood w;-.-; • almost boiling heat, the ever-recklessly brave, w furious Claiborne, rallied a wavering column, i;:i>i ■ .ringing from his horse, with sword in hand, on foot, j>\ the way to the very top of our works, only to bo urled backward by ball and bayonet into the ditch, .1 rpse. His horse, which had doubtless, borne hini ifely through m.any a bloody contest, followed him in ;e charge, and fell dead within a few feet of his mas- :er. \~ For more than t?70 hours this desperate conflict . ■ is successive charging and re-charging upon our works, ■IS fruitlessly continued. No troops ever mode more csperate efi"orts to carry a stronghold, no troops were ver more frequently rallied, and more recklcsly plungeu ito the maelstroom of destruction, than were some Di- ■ the rebel army on that memorable day : whi ■, I STORY OF THE REGIMENT. "Into the jaws of death, Into the gates of hell," i't'l army, striving valiantly, but in vaifi, V ault, our hastily constructed earthworks. :kg were held by men who had fought, and led on many a bloody battlefield ; Avho had ■':^i many severe campaigns; and recently ■• ro Atlanta, had driven the rebel army if strong lines of breastworks. Now, th(;;, •.■ ice protected by earthworks, and real- ized thai I .,ve wa}'-, was not merely to lose a strong position, and suffer defeat; but to lose the whole State of Tennessee— all that had been gained by almost two years hard fighting — and be thrown into confusion, and a rout, that would perhaps make a surrender inevitable. Never in the annals of "\varfare, will there be a more noble arid honorable record, than was made by the 4th and 23d Corps on this occasion. Not only did the}' stand to the works, and fight with furiout^ zeal and determination ; but wdien the enemy came surging madly upon their line of defence, they sliow- ed no signs of faltering or dismay ; but coolly gave them the bayonet. At one point, the rebels mount- ed our -works seven successi^'e times, and were as often forced back, by an unbroken line of glittering and gory bayonets. Only once, during the progress of the battle, did any Eegiment display the least inclination to yield liicir ground ; and then it -was but one Regiment, (unfortunately irom Ohio) that failed to repel th(> ^ Ti-x charge, and hastily fell back from their posi- Gen. Stanley, ever active and vigilant, was at .' d m a moment, with the only Brigade held in rose we, from the commencement of the contest ; and vitli ihis, (■■harging instantly into the melee, regained •!ii> ^^•orks and took a thousand }>risoiM3rs. J* ',s ivnpoBsiblc to determine what might have beer BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. 217 tlie result of this terrible conflict, had a few more hours intervened before nightfall. As it was, night settled down upon the foe, terrible repulsed, and as darkness enveloped the sanguinary scene, the rebel legions ceased in their futile endeavors, to dislodge the comparatively feeble force opposing them. As they gradually fell back, our skirmish line was cau- tiously advanced, to insure againsi a sudden night at- tack ; and hasty preparations were immediately made for an evacuation and retreat, in the hour of victory. The position of the 84th Regt. Ills. Vols., during this brief yet terrible onset, while the rebels were charging with the fury of demons, and our noble l)oys holding their position with a tenacity, akin to that of the early Christian martyrs to their holy faith ; was one of considerable importance, yet not one of very imminent peril. We were not upon the front line, until the close of the engagement ; hence did not participate in the hand to hand contests, that so frequently occurred. The front line of our Divi- siou, owing to the nature of the ground, could not be effective, and at the same time unbroken. Hence a gap was made in it, and across this, or covering- it, in the second line, our Regiment was stationed. Yet here the leaden hail more than once came rattling along, and though quite well protected by hastily constructed works, there was no guaranty of personal safety. Standing close to our line of works, and not hir away, as one might be led to suppose from the subsequent report of our narrow-minded jealous-lieart- ed Brigade Commander, our brave Colonel was se- verely wounded, by a ball passing directly through the right arm, near the shoulder. Here too in the exact line of his duty, our intrepid Adjutant was shot through the neck, the ball passing between the trach- ea and the spine. Fortunately, both have siiice re- 21ri. 220 HISTOEY OF THE REGLMENT. 'Jiave assured us they slept while they weremakch- iNf'r MANY A aiiLE, OH that eveiitful night. Mauy fell asleep by the wayside, and awoke to find themselves prisoners, — surrounded 1)}' the enemy, — and their fellow-S(jldiers many miles away. Early in the morning the head of the column reached Nashville, about noon the rear-guard came up, and the whole army encamped in front of the fortilieations, which surrounded the city, to enjoy afevr 1 lours rest, repose and strength-renewing sleep. With Sancho Panza the}' could say "God bless the man, wlio tirst invented sleep." CHAPTER XVil. THE BATTLE OF NASHVILLE, AND PUlJSflT OF THE UECEL ARMY TO THE TENNESSEE IHVEK. As soon as our forces halted in front of tlie city of Nashville, they hastily bivoucked, and within an hour thousands were sleeping as soundly, as if reposing on a bed of down. It was conjectured, that the enemy having suffered such a terrible repulse at Franklin, would not be in haste to make another attack. Yet on the next day, December 2nd, their advance guard came in sight, and our forces were immediately drawn up in line of battle. Gen. A. J. Smith with two Divisions of the 16th Corps, had by this time arrived from St. Louis, Mo.; Gen. Steadman had come through from Chattanooga, with a Brigade of colored troops, and a score of small detachments, heretofore stationed along the Railroads, and in and about Nashville, hai'- ■'v-^;iuf two Oi' three miles that night. During the day, our loss luid been coiisidurubiy heavier than it was the day before, while the eneniyV was doubtless lighter, except in prisoners. The pris- oners taken could be counted by thousands, and it was thought we had secured the bulk of the ar- tillery, which the enemy had on the Held. Singular as it is to record, our llegiment though closely cn- g;iged on lioth days, did not have a man killed, and had only five or six seriously wonTided* The Regi- ment was at the post assigned to it, every moment during the whole l^attle; though the arrogant and petty-souled Gen. Grose, evidently attempts indirectly to cast a slur upon it, in his official report. Scarcely had the intense darkness ol the early evening, caused the firiug to cease; before a chilling rain began to fall, which continued through the night ; yet, be- fore morning all our Field Hospitals were broken up, and all the ^vounded, numbering about three thous- and, were sent to the Hospitals in the city. At daylight on the morning of the 17th, Gen. Wil- son, commanding the M'hole cavalry force, started in pursuit of the routed and demoralized rebel army. The 4th Corps was next to the cavalry in the pursuit, then came the 23d and 16th Corps, and the Brigade of colored troops brought up the rear. The rain continued to fall, or rather pour in torrents through- out the day, but the cavalry pressed forward, taking prisoners all along the way. Late in the afternoon they came upon the enemj^ on the North bank of the Harpeth River, opposite Franklin, drawn up in two '.ines of battle, as if prepared for an attack. Without ivaiting feu- the infantry to come up. Gen. Wilson vharged upon them with his cavalry, routing them ind taking a large number of })risoners. Yet the en- BATTLE OF NASHVILLE. 229 €my hud taken the precaution to destroy the bridge across the Harpeth, so that our Infant)y and artillery, could not cross until a nev.' one was bnilt. So our Division halted for the night, about a mile North of Franklin, and at nine o'elock the next morning (Dec. 18th) c;rossed over and continued the pursuit, passing diret^tl}' across the field, where the enemy were so terribly repulsed on the 30th of November. We found Franklin converted into a general hospital, more than half the houses, being occupied by wound- •ed. At this point, the Negro Brigade together with some detachments, all under comi4lind of Gen. Stead- man, left the main army, to take the cars at jMur- freesl)oro, and go thence by Railroad and attempt to cut off Hood's retreat, in the vicinity of Decatur. During the day, the cavalry had several sharp skir- mishes with the enemy's rear-guard, composed of several thousand cavalry under command of the reb- el General Forrest, and about dark, drove them across Duck Itiver. The 4tli 'Corps encamped for the night about live or six miles South of Spring Hill. It still continued to rain, and had it not been that the road was macadamized, (a pike,) it w^ould have been impossible to have continued the pursuit. On the 19th, we moved forward to Eutlierford Creek, three miles from Duck River, which we found quite impassible, except for the ca^•alry. In the course of the night, foot-bridges were built across the stream, and dm-ing the day, (20th) the whole 4th Corps crossed and encamped on the North bank of Duck River, which could not be crossed without ])on- toons. The artillery w-as still behind, waiting for the pontoons to come up, before it could cross Ruther- ford Creek. On the 21st, frequent inquiry was made for the 230 HISTORY OF THE KEGIMENT pontoon train, on the 20tli, it was repeated almost every hour, and every one was wondering what had become of this indispensable arm of the service. These trains, it seems had by mistake been ordered out on tlie Jlurfreesboro, -instead of the Franklin pike, and had thus lost a day and night's travel, on the pursuit. On the morning of the 21st, the head of the Pontoon train reached Rutherford Creek, and in four hours a bridge across it was completed. Two other bridges of trestle work, were finished during the day, and the artillery rejoined the corps on Diack River. During the ni^t of the 21st5 a Pontoon bridge was thrown across Duck River, a part of the 3d Div. of the 4th Corps, having lirst crossed in boats, and driven back the rebels from Columbia. On the night of Dec. 22nd, (one of the coldest nights of the Win- ter,) thelst Division, 4th Corps crossed; on the 23rd, the remainder of tne corps, as well as a large body of cavalry passed over, and the pursuit was recommenc- ed. But the delay occasioned by the Pontoon trains having started out on the wrong road, gave Hood two full days the start of our forces from Duck Riv- er, and enabled hini to reach and cross the Tennes- see, with the remnant and wreck of his lately power- ful army. The 23d Corps halted at Columbia, and the caval- ry, supported by the 4th Corps, continued the pur- suit nearly to the Tennessee. Several times our cav- alry came upon the enemy, and a severe skirmish en- sued; but it was only with Forest's cavalry, who were covering the retreat. The discomfitted and shat- tered infantry columns, were kept far in advance; and were doubtless crossing the Tennessee River, when our advance reached Pulaski. Neit a day passed on this whole pursuit, in which th(A'e were not scores of BATTLE OF NASHVILLE. 231 prisoners taken. The whole country seemed to bo full of them. They were scattered through tJie woods and fields along the road, and generally when taken, declared that they were done fighting, that they had ' t" the army, and were going home. Day after day while retreating from Nashville, the i-e'oels were forced to abandon the few pieces oi artil- 1ivY, which they succeeded in getting away from the , tie-field, and near Pulaski were reduced to the ex- t remity of burning their amnumition train. Of ninety pieces of artillery, which Hogd brought into Tennes- see on this campaign, he had only twelve left when lie returned to Florence, Ala. The pursuit was vigorously continued, until the whole of Hood's army was beyond the Tennessee; and when our Division had reached Sugar Creek, within twelve miles of the river, the order finally came, to advance no further. The weather had been very inclement during the whole pursuit, it having turned veiy cold, after three or four days of almost incessant rain ; yet there was little complaint among the soldiers, until the excitement of the chase was over. Such is the soldier's enthusiasm, that in the hour of victory, he regards neither hunger, cold nor danger, but his whole soul, all the impulses and enc!- gies of his nature, are given the accomplishment '! purpose. On the 29th day of December, having rested tw*' days on Sugar Creek, the 4th Corps was ordered to Huntsville, Alabama. The only incident of especial importance on the march, was the building of a briflge across Elk River, which was completed in two days by the numerous mechanics of the Corps. The rafting across the river, attempted by Gen. Grose, to- gether with the amusing mishaps attending it, will ng be remembered by the members of the 3d Brig- 232 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT- :ide. Three days marching from Elk River, brought the army to the beautiful little city of Huntsville. The author having been sent by Gen. Grose, from Pulaski back to Nashville, to take charge of the bai^- gage of the Brigade, and bring it by the way ot Sto- ^'enson to Huntsville on the cars, v^as absent from tli :^ Regiment fifteen days on this special duty, hence wi - ! not attempt to describe fully, the events that tran ■ pired during this period, that is, from the time the pm'suit v/as discontinued, until thQ Regiment went int.> camp at Huntsville. While on the march or retreat Northward to Nash- ] ville, it vras a source of deep regret, almost every day ' expressed by men and officers of our Regiment and Brigade; that we were retained in Tennessee, instead of being allowed to march with Gen. Sherman '-t') the sea." But sfter the battles of Franklin and Nashville, after the annihilation of Hood's large arn.iy, there was seldom any expression of regret. It seem- ed as though all felt more nearly satisiied with their I position, and the share they had taken in closing out the great rebellion. These successes tended to quiet the murmurings, yet our whole Regiment and prob- ably the whole Corps, would have been gratified, could they have shared in the trials and hardships of that great expedition. Yet having done our whole duty, where we were, do we deserve less credit thai; those vrho marched further, and did less fighting ? CHAPTFR XVIII. CAMP AT HUNTSVILLE — FKOYOST GUARD DUTY ETC. On the 6 til day of January, 1865, the 4th Army Corps encamped near Huntsville, Ahi., which for many months prior to Hood's recent campaign, had been gar- risoned by the 18th Regt. Mich. Vols., and 16th Regt. Wis. Vols. The 1st Division was stationed, and went into camp, about a mile and a half East of the city, at the base of Mount Hope. The 3rd Division about the same dis- tance to the Southward ; two Brigades of the 2nd Di- vision were out about two miles on the road to Decatur and Pulaski ; while the other Brigade was sent to gar- rison Decatur. It was now generally understood that the Winter campaign was over, and that we would re- main in Winter quarters until Spring. Hence, every man in the army was soon busily at work, constructing comfortable Winter quarters. Our Regiment had made considerable progress in building log huts and shanties, when the astonishing- news came, that the 84th Regt. 111. Vol|., had been se- lected as Provost Guard of the city. How this had happened no one could imagine, except that in the ab- sence of Col. Waters, Gen. Grose had determined to prove that he entertained a small portion of good will to the Regiment, which had now been longest in his Brig- 234 HISTORY OF THE REGI^IENT. nde. Whether the selection vi-as his o^YIl, or made by Gen. Kimball or Gen. Sta-nley, we have never been able to determine. However, on the 9th day of January, we moved into the city, and encamped in the Court House Square. On the morning of January 10th, a very close, com- pact camp for the Regiment, was laid off in the South half of the Square, and all hands went to work to build Winter quarters. In doing this, the men were permit- ted to tear down quite a number of unoccupied houses, and a score of barns and stables, in and about the city. With this kind of rough lumber, in the course of five or six days, good warm shanties were built ; and as there was abundance of brick to be had, soon all were provided with fireplaces arid chimneys. Lieut. Col. Morton, now commanding the Regiment, established his quarters in part of a large brick house, a short distance North of the Square, and most of our )fficers fitted up rooms in the Court House, for their accommodation. On the same day that camp was laid ©ff, the Regiment commenced doing Provost guard duty. Capt. Higgins was appointed Police Magistrate, and Capt. Dilworth, Chief of Police, for the city. About eighty men were regularly detailed each day, to patrol the streets, preserve order and quiet, and arrest all soldiers or citizens, who were drunk or disorderly. The Regiment had scarcely entered upon its new du- ties, before a score of officers ofhigh rank, Lieut. Cols., Majors, Captains, etc., came totovrntohave a "spree." They had the time-worn impression, that Provost guards would arrest only enlisted men ; and that men wearing shoulder-straps could make as much noise and {listurbance as they chose ; or indulge in as much up- roarous and riotous mirth as they saw fit ; and even be beastlj'- drunk on the street, without danger of being irrested. Late in the evening, they found out to thei;. .-irvovv' thnt ti).. AUh boys were no respecters of shoul- CAMP AT HUNTSVILLE. 235 der-straps ; for no sooner had they become disorderly, than they Avere invited to "walk up to the Captain's office," which unacceptable invitation, from stern fea- tured men carrying muskets with sharp bayonets, they could not think of declining. Having promised to go quietly out to camp, and not again to^be found disturb- ing the quiet of the city, these jolly sons of Bacchus, were permitted to go to their quarters unpunished. They were at first inclined to think their arrest, a ter- rible outrage; but Gen. Stanley speedily quieted them, by complimenting the 84th 111., and intimating that of- ficers found drunk in the streets of Huntsville, would be recommended for dismissal. This beginning, of their work as a Police, besides gaining the Regiment great credit, had a very salutary eflfect upon all fun- and whisky-loving officers and men, who came from the several camps into the city. All knew that if they were intoxicated and noisy, or quarrelsome on the street, they would be instantly arrested. Hence, all were more cautious and prudent, though hundreds Avere far from temperate ; and hesceforAvard, as long as the Regiment remained on this duty, there were but few men arrested, Avho belonged to the Avhole 4th Corps. ■ On the 13th of January, the baggage which had been stored at Nashville, since December 4th, Avas brought up, via Stevenson; and many officers and men that night rejoiced, in having blankets enough to keep them comfortable while sleeping. On the recent cam- paign,after leaving Nashville, there had been no opportu- nity to supply the army with clothing, or any sort of equipments. During the battle as Avell as Avhile in pursuit of Gen. Hood, and on the subsequent march, the men had torn and worn out their clothing so badly, that in our Regiment, when detailed for Provost duty, there were scarcely enough whole clothes to bo found, to supply the detail Avho daily patrolled the streets. 236 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. The men were now anxious to dress up, and look trim and neat ; though they had no desire to emulate or im- itate the style, of the even renoAvned gentlemen sol- diers on the Potomac. Hence, the Quartermaster's ears daily ached, from hearing the constantly repeated inquiry, "when are we going to draw clothing?" On the 15th, a very large supply of all kinds of wearing apparel was issued, and when on the 19th, it was determined to procure jackets instead of blouses, for the whole Regiment, scores were greatly delight ed. Only cavalry jackets could be obtained, but these the boys speedily relieved of yellow stripes, ancl^very shortly the 84th 111., was 'said to be the best dressed Regiment in the army. Almost every man in the Reg- iment, took pride in patrolling the streets in a snug fitting, well-brushed uniform, with polished shoes an da musket that glistened like silver in the Winter sun- lio-ht. Our camp was every day thoroughly swept, and though the little huts were very much crowded togeth- er, they looked at lej^st to a soldier, snug, tidy and comfortable. The greatest inconvenience to which we were now subjected, was a scarcity of fuel. Scarcely any wood could be obtained, within three miles of the city ; and it was quite impossible for one team to haul so far, enough to supply a hundred fires. Time and again we had to call on the Post Quartermaster for as- sistance, and he could only furnish us two or three teams, for a day or two at a time, so that we were al- most constantly on short allowance. On the 21st of January, Adjt. Caswell, who had been very severelj"^ Avonnded in the neck at Franklin, returned to duty, having fully recovered. A day or two later, our new Surgeon, S. "W. IMarshall, arrived. We had been for some months depending on other Reg- iments of the Brigade, for the services of a Surgeon. Surgeon Kyle having been promoted to the position oi' CAMP AT HUNTSYILLE. 237 Chief Surgeon of the Brigade, toward the close of the Atlanta campaign, necessarily removed from the Regi- ment, to take his position at Brigade Headquarters ; yet after Asst. Surgeon Hunter resigned, he did for some months attend regularly on the Regiment. Find- ing this too burdensome, he had Asst. Surgeon Adair, Edson was immediately pro- iiioted to the Captaincy, and 1st Sergt. L. N. Mitch- ell, after carrying a 1st Lieutenants commission six- teen months in his knapsack, was finally mustered *ipon it. About this time Lieut. H. V. Lewis, of com- pany E resigned, and 2d Lieut. Roeschlaub was pro- moted to fill the vacancy. On the 22d of February, there were preparations for a grand Eeview of the 1st Division. The 84th ills., in their best suit of clothing and with highly polished accou.trements, marched out to the parade grounds between the city, and the camp of the Divi- sion. , But before half the Division was on the grounds, the rain began to pour down in torrents, and of necessity, the imposing spectacle was postponed. On the 2od of February, our dearly esteemed, ad- mired and beloved Colonel returned; having partially recovered from the severe wound received at Frank- lin. Every man in the Kegiment was delighted to see hun with us again, though he was as yet quite unfit for active duty. Lt. CoL Morton, had for some \\'eeks been losing in the estimation of the Regiment, and was never at any time capable] of securing the high degree of popularity, which seemed naturally to llow^ to Col. Waters. While lying here in camp, in each Division a Court- martial was busy investigating all sorts of charges, that had been preferred during the past ten months. Would that we could here say something, to assist ii. j-emoving the prejudice, which in civil life, seems to ob- tain against this kind of tribunals. They are as in- dispensable to miHtary bodies, as juries are to civil society ; and every candid man who has closely ob- served the procedure of this kind of a court, cannot have failed to arrive at the conclusion; that he would rather depend upon a court-martial for exact and 242 HISTOB,Y OF THE EEGIMENT. even-lianded justice, than any jury that was ever em- paneled. About tlie tb'st of March, we rec ived news from Illinois, that occasioned no little excitement and ill- feelin,o'. It was in substance, that in most of tlya <',ounties in which our regiment was raised, a tax had been, or was about to be levied, to give a bounty of three hundred dollars to each man w^ho would enlist, or should be drafted to fill the quota, under the last call. Had it been proposed to give the same amount of bounty, to all who had enlisted from the beginning war; or had it been, that the proposed tax was to be levied only upon those liable to the draft, it would not have been so objectional. But " now^, when we had been nearly three years in the service, for those who had been at home enjoying the innumerable comforts and pleasures of civil life, and during a pe- riod of remarkable prosperity had been rapidly amass- ing property, to impose a tax upon our property as well as their own, for the purpose of avoiding a draft, or of procuring substitutes for those who were draft- ed, we could only consider an act of gross injustice. And when we considered that this tax would fall up- on the widows and orphans, of those Avliose patriotism had early in the war, taken them into the field; and upon the hundreds of disabled soldiers who had done their w^hole duty, we felt indignant that such an out- rage should) under color of lav/, be perpetrated. By some it was proposed that resolutions should be adopt- ed, to express our opinions of the measure ; but as it would be impossible to send such an expression of feeling home, before the scheme was consummated, it was considered useless. So day after day throughout our camp, the unjust, oppressive and odious combina- tion of "STAY AT home's," was denounced in unmeas- ured terms. Bitter execrations and curses, were heap- CAMP AT HUNTSVILLE. 243 ed upon the heads of those who had been guilty of imposing the tax upon us ; and ahnost every man in the Eegiment was ready to affirm, that he would NEVER VOTE FOR A MAN FOR ANY OFFICE, WHO HAD FA- VORED THIS INFAMOUS TAX. Hundreds declared that if the tax was assessed upon their property, they would never pay a cent of it ; but we presume they changed their minds, after they reached home a few months later. Doubtless many remembered these declarations, but in^ their cooler moments, could not resist the operation of law, or repel with force the oppressive burden, after having been for three years accustomed strictly to obey orders. Certain it is, that those who were in the army at this time, have never forgiven nor forgotten the authors and perpetra- tors of the outrage. They]have no doubt quietly paid their small share of the tax, but for 3'ears they will be fastening its just odium, upon the guilty parties. Yea, for a long time, returned soldiers will remember the gross injustice inflicted upon them, and they will assuredly punish the guilty authors of the wrong, by openly charging them with it, by stigmatizing their base condiict, and by ostracising them at the polls. Early in March, Lt. Col. Morton and lady, gave a social party, to which all the officers of tlie 84th Ills. Vols., as w^ell as many others, were invited. It was one of the most festive and agreeable episodes in our army life, and was highly enjoyed by all who were there assembled. To Mrs. JMorton's superior tact ^ arid rare colloquial abihty, perhaps more than to any- ' thing else, must the rare cordiality of feeling, and singular spirit of mirthfulness and conviviality, that prevailed in the assembly, be attributed. Long life to this genuine lady ! the leading spirit of the noble- hearted "jSTeedle Pickets" of Quincy, Ills. Only a few days after the delightful occasion above 244 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT, mentioned, there again began to be frequent rumorhc of a movement to the Eastward. CoL Waters was meanwhile, using his utmost endeavors to have his Regiment assigned to duty at a post, as he was no lon- ger able to endnre the hardships and exposure of an active campa,ign. His preferance, and that of the whole Regiment, was to be located at Cleveland. Tennessee ; where we had been so pleasantly receiv- ed a year before, and where the citizens were still anxious to have us return. But all efforts in this di- rection proved entirely fruitless. On the evening of the 12th of ]\Iarch, we received .oiders to move immediately by Railroad to Knox- vtlle, Tenn. During the night, several trains of cars arrived, and early in the morning the whole ot the 1st Division, moved with all their baggage, to the Depot. The 3d Brigade was to go on the first train, and this morning, Gen. Grose (having obtained n leave of absence for several weeks,) started for home; leaving Col. Vv'^aters again in command of the Brigade. All the ridmg horses and pack mules of the Brigade, were loaded on the first train ; and upon this train, Col. Waters and Staff, with tlie 84th Ills, as train guard, started for Kaioxville. The Regiment bid adieu to the city of Hunts ville, about 10 o'clock a. m., and in the course ot the day, the whole Brigade started, moving out as fast as the trains could be load- ed. The 1st and 3rd DiWsions moved during the ^veek, but the 2d Division remained, until the for- mer had advnr.ced a considerable distance beyond Knoxville. When the troops began to move from ITuntsville, the extensive wagon trains were ordered to start lor the same point, across the countr}^ ; but just as they were starting on this very tedious journey, the order came for wagons and all to be shipped on the cars. ' CAMP AT HUNTSVILLE. 245 So, all our wagons had to be taken to pieces and loaded, four on each frieght car, and this we found luolved no httle liard hfting and severe hibor; but 't was far better, than dragging through the terrible -\ vamps along the way. Our stay at Hnntsville, was on the whole quite ; pleasant ; and many agreeable recollections of this eason of rest, will ever be entertained by most of rhe members of our Regiment. By a strict observance ;f duty, in the trying position as Provost Guards, the whole Regiment had won another harvest of golden opinions, and secured a high degree of well deserved • topularity. CHAPTEE XIX. 'IRIP TO KNOXVILLE — MARCH THENCE TO BULL'S GAP — NEAYS OF lee's SURRENDER, AND THE ASSASSINA- TION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. * The journey by Eailroad from Huntsville to Knox- ville, was accomplislied in two days, and as the weather was quite warm and pleasant, the Regiment en- joyed a line view of the country, from the top of the cars. As the train stopped, most of the night at Chattanooga, nearly. the whole distance was traveled by daylight ; and on that account, the trip was much more agreeable. On the evening of March 14th, the Regiment arriv- cd at the immensely fortified city of Knosvillc, and iaimediately bivouacked, within the fortifications on the West side of the place. On the following day, the whole Brigade having ar- rived. Col. Waters had a sort of Street Parade, in starting out towards Strawberry Plains. The day, though it was early in the Spring, happened to be very vrarm; and the Brigade moved out so rapidly, that many of the men were soon compelled to empty their knapsacks, and throw down their overcoats and blank- ets, in order to save themselves from being entirely overdone and exhausted. For miles, the road was TKIP TO IvNOXVILLE, 247 ^v ewcd with all sorts of vf earing aj^parel, and as each i-ticle was dropped, the oM'ner was apt to mutter a curse -upon the brigade coininalider. Hundreds of ar- ticles that had not been Avorn more than a month, w-eve "ro-svn away by men, who knew that the price must be -Hkictod from their monthly pay. Scores of men tiivev,- away their blankets, though they rea-lizecl that they must suffer night after night during the succcedino- month, for want of sufficient covering, — ycfc, rather than fall out of ranks, and bear the stigma which at- taches to the man who "plays out," they voluntarily threw away their scanty earnings, and resolved to en- dure the hardships of chilling and shivering night af- r night. The rapid march from Knoxville was cer- Liiinly most unfortunate for all concerned, and was a heavy, staggering blov/ to the popularity of our brave vid efficient Colonel. We were surprised to find Knoxville surrounded by ich a bleak, desolate, barren looking country; but when we reflected that this portion of East Tennessee, had been for a year and a half constantly traversed ^7 opposing armies, we ceased to wonder that litth; ,ore than an army-trodden soil remained. In the city itself, nearly evei'y one was greatly disappointed. We had often heard it extolled, as one of the best bi'.iir id most beautiful cities of the South. We four; ^ mass of dismal, dilapidated, weather-beaten builu:i.„- in and upon the sides of a deep hollow ; witli narrow. luddy, filthy str-eets, and surrounded by very for; ■e lines of breastworks, forts and allsort^' appliances. The portion of the city Wc liollow, was the only agreeable, or pie ,;rt of the place. It is quite well built, : e of very fair width and in good com.u:. \ noxville Avas ever entitled to praise for its lUst have been before it became the th* . '.iiitary operations, and successive sieire . T (!(•■ 248 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. On tlie 15tli of March, tvc passed over the battle- fields adjacent to the city, noting as we marched along, the very extensive graveyards, made by the rebel army ^vhen here encamped — and soon came into a more hos- pitable looking country: one that had not been entirely laid waste and desolate by military occupation, ^ye encamped about seven miles from Knoxville that night, and on the following day went into camp on the Hol- ston River, about a mile and a half below Strawberry Plains. Here we remained until the baggage trains oame up. The 3rd Division, meanwhile passed on up the Railroad, and encamped in the vicinity of Nevr Market. It was now well known that we were to ad- vance along the Railroad towards Bull's Gap, as rapid- ly of the Railroad could be put in repair. On the 23rd of March, the wagon trains began to come into camp, having reached Kuoxville on the cars, the evening before. The next day, orders were received to march at 8 o'clock the following morning. We now found that we had with us, three times as much bag- gage as one wagon and team could transport, and f store it at Knoxville so early in the season, would in- volve no inconsiderable hardship and exposure. An additional team for each Regiment was finally procur- ed, and all the baggage that could not, with twD teams be carried forward, wag to be left in charge of an offi- cer with a sufncient guard, to be brought forward on the cars, vrhen we should again go into camp. We marched through Strawberry Plains, now only a place of half a dozen houses and a depot, early on the morning of March 25tli, and in a few hours cam.e into a much more level and fertile section of countiy, than we had found in the vicinity of Knoxville or Strawber- ry Plains. The weather, which had for three or four days been damp and chilly, now. moderated and becamie very warm and Spring-like. About two o'clock, we r.-v-n,] through the pleasant little town of New Market,. MAECH TO BULL'S GAR 249 uud encamped about four o'clock p. m,, on Mossv Creek, about a mile from the E-ailroad depot of thalb name. The next mcrning, after marching through a very good farming country some eight miles, we came to Morristown, where we halted an hour for dinner. Morristown is a small place, containing only two or three hundred inhabitants, trnd in passing through we gained the impression, that it was like an isolated sec- tion of Smoky Row, Nashville. We encamped that night, about a mile from Russcllville, on the very ground, occupied by the rebel army under Gen. Breck- cnridge, more than a year before. Many of the .old cabins and shanties were still standing, and afforded us plenty of wood for our camp-fires, without the trouble of chopping. The town of Russellville contains some three or four hundred inhabitants, and has a much more cleanly and cheerful appearance than Morris- town or Strawberry Plains. Perhaps the fact that a school was still sustained here, gave us a very favor- able impression. On the morning of the 2Tth, wo marched some ten or twelve miles, and went into camp at the base of Hay's Mountain, within a mile of the pass, which has obtained the historic name of Bull's Gap. It is mercly- a defile through the lofty mountain ridge, through which the Railroad from Knoxville to Lynchburg pas- ses ; and hence it became a sort of gateway, through which troops moving from Virginia to Tennessee, or in the contrary direction, were compelled to pass. The mountain ridge being inaccessible for cavalry or artil- lery, it was not difficult to fortify this narrow puss, so that a comparatively small force, could here hold a large one in check, for a long time. The position dur- ing the past three years, had been alternately held by • the rebel and Union forces, and each had expended considerable labor upon the fortifications, mainly near the top of the adjacent ridges. It is by no means as 250 HISTOBY OF THE REGIMENT. strong a pcsition for defense as Bazzard Roost Gap, in the Chattagutta range, in front of Dalton ; yet could have been fortified, so that it coukl only have been taken with great difficulty, if held by five or ten thousand resolute men. When We went into camp on the Western slope of the mountain, near the Gap, it "Q'as reported that we woulu remain here some weeks ; as the Railroad was only re- paired to this point, and East of the Gap for several miles, it was said to be entirely destroyed. But wc were destined to remain here only over night. On the morning of !March 28th, wo passed through the Gap and ma.rched about six miles nearly due East, until Wr crossed Lick Creek ; and on the banks of this sluggish muddy stream we halted, and finally went into Camp. The position of the ord Brigade w^as within a few hun- dred yards of Shield's Mill ; and the Headquarters of both Brigade and Division, were established iii the near- est houses to the mill. Half a mile South of this mill, is a bro;id swamp known as Sv/an Lake, over which the Railroad crosses on trestle-work, nearly a mile in length. This bridge, together with about six or seven miles oi the Railroad adjacent, had been completely destroy erigade, to hear the speeches, deliver- ed by Gen. Kimball, Col. Waters, Col. Moore, Major Hicks and others ; and at night, at a party given at Gen. Kimball's Headquarters, the gayest officers of the Division enjoyed a social dance, with the ladies, (we re- gret that we cannot say chaste, refined arul elegant lor- dies,) of the vicinity. The morning of April loth, was dark, foggy and dis- mal. Soon the rain began to f\il], and shower succeed- ed shower until evening. About noon the terrible ru- mor began to circulate through c.imp, that President Lincoln and Secretary Seward were assassinated; yet for hours it gained little credence, being attributed to some mischievous soldier, who was desirous of creating a sensation. About five o'clock in ihe evening, a dis- patch from Gen. Thomas to Gen. Stanley, confirming the terrible news, that our Chief Magistrate, the man more sincerely esteemed, honored and admired, by the ' rardv and file of the army, than any other living, had fill] en by the hand of an assassin. The terribly start- ling news, verified as it ■ was, b}^ an ofiicial dispatch from the highest authority of the Department, sent a NEWS OF THE ASSASSINATION. 255 <'l!ill ofdrcail through the stahvart fVamcs of thousands, who had faced the cannon's mouth undaunted ; pro- (ku'ing an almost bcnumbning sensation of horror and '^ickbed; who could determine where next the thun- •rbolts of depravity and vengeance might strike'-'' ,riio could tell who might or who might not becomes 'le next victim I If our honored and dearly beloved, .•esidcnt only ha^l fallen, we coul 1 possibly have at ■ . ibuted the dreadful, damning cri.nc to personal an- -.osit}^, hatred, or a thirst for vengeance. But the ict, that at the same hour, other blood-thirsty desper- loes had sousrht to take the life of our '2:reatest states-. 256 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. man; fixed at once the conviction in the minds of all, that an extensive conspiracy was in existence, and that the death of the President "was intended as a decisive step towards the swift destruction of the Government. 6ome in those hours of silence and dismay, thus rea- soned : President Lincoln has been shot, and instantly killed by the miscreant Booth, not because of personal ill-will and malignity, but because he is the head of the Government. The blow Avas aimed at our national ex- istence, as much as at thelifeof our honored Chief Magis- trate, and his able Secretary. It is the work of a se- cret band of conspirators, nnd Booth is but the tool — the executive agent — of that band of traitors. Will the work of assassination stop at this juncture, with the Vice President still alive, and the power and energies of the Government but temporarily paralyzed? May not the telegraph, within an hour, bring to our ears the awful intelligence, that the Vice President and all the members of the Cabinet, have shared the fate of the illustrious and deeply lamented President ? May not Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Thomas, all our great military chieftains, as well as our wisest and best states- men, fall in a few brief hours, by the pistol or the dag- ger ? Who that is now filling an important position in the councils of the nation, or in the military field, can be accounted safe in this appalling, terror-inspiring crisis ? Who can imagine v,hat terrible and moment- ous disasters are impending ? Will the Government, that has so successfully withstood the shock, and by military power almost cruslicd the armed force of hun- dreds of thousands of traitors, commanded by the ablest and most sagacious generals ; be able to sustain itself against the legions, who may Imve left .the open military field, with the fell design of still accomplish- ing the horrid purposes of the rebellion ; by frequent- ly, at midnight hour plying the deadly dagger, or by administering poison to those who hold the reins of NEWS OE THE ASSASSINATION. 257 r-overnmentl Our great, good, noble, and well-beloved ; resident, is stricken down wlien least suspecting dan- ger; when the whole North is loudly rejoicing over the friuraphs of our arms; when paens of victory are re- ■ ■rberating from ocean to ocean, when like Moses of old, he had led his people in sight of the promise land of peace. Is it possible for this infernal rebellion, by fiendish assnalts, by the assassin's hand, still to succeed ? Have all our noble comrades fought and ftillen in \iiin ? Is the v»-ar, -which yesterday seemed almost ended, in fact but just began ? Must we yet for many years, be separated from our friends and kin- dred dear — nor taste the jo^^s of home? T hough t:5 ach as these, and feehngs that no mortal tongue can iitter, nor pen reveal, in that solemn hour swelled the hearts of war-worn soldiers, too full for utterance. These soul-harrowing thoughts caused that strange look of anxiety and pain, in the hour when it wa^j aow'n that the soldier's friend, the bondman's deli-.- vYQY, the nation's preserver, had passed from' earth to Heaven ; from the place of highest earthly honor, to glorious immortality. We felt that we stood by 'le President's open grave, to repeat 'Bo silent ! there cometh on spirit wings sped, The wail of a nation in grief for the dead ; The strong and. the mighty, from glor}- and light, Hath waned in his brightness, and left us in night ; The proud eagle banners all droopingly wave, And the wild winds are hushsd round the PresidenTd grave. A deep brooding sorrow comes over the heart, A moan like the tempest, when summers depart : A gushing of a:\guish, unbroken and still, As tolieth the requiem o'er valley and hill, The sun that rose bright o'er the free and the brave, Now is setcing in gloom o'er the Pr(?Siident's graven 258 IIISTOHY OF THE ili^uiiiii^^vT. Be silent ! our Father hath laid him to rest, A hero of battles hath yielded his crest : A statesman has fallen — his counsels are o'er; Hid firmness and wisdom shall guide us no more, Let cannon boom forth and the banners all wave, While wc mingle our tears o'er the President's grave." Ill the solemn silence ol that hour, many thousands of brave men, who had for years endured all the hardships and privations of* a soldiers hfe, and fouglit on a score of battle-iields for their nations de- liverance; now, in view of the nations loss, were bovr- ed down "wit-h anxiety and sorrow, and prayed— even as fervently as did the Roundheads on the eve of bat- tle, in England's great Civil war — that our govern- ment might stih be preserved, and deliA-ered from the hands of its secret enemies and assailants. Only an hoin^ aht'ter the terrible news came, our Regiment was ordered to march against a band of guerrillas, said to be in the vicinity of Allen's Bridge on the Nolechucky (called "Chucky,")- River. They set out at dusk, and marched thirteen miles that night, over horribly nuiddy and rocky roads, halted three hours for rest and refresiiment; and at dajdight went forward three miles, to the bridge, but found no en- emy, and the same da}' returned to camp. On the loth and 17th, we regret to say, that seve- ral men in our Divisio7i were arrested, for rejoicing- over tlie death of the President. They were gener- ally Kcntuckiaiis, and no doubt bitter rebels at heart. On the 18th of April, wc received orders, immedi- ately to move to Bull's Gap, and tliei-e take the cars for Nashville. Whither we were bound, no one could possible determine, but all' were pleased with the idea 'of moving in that direction; though we might not for many months be permitted to retiu-n, to the anxiously waiting loved one?, "in our own be- *loved homes." CH.VPTFR XX TUIIN TO NA.SHVILLE — REPOETS AND KUMORS — GRAND ItEViEW — TRANSFER OF THE 84tH ILLS. VOLS. TO 2nD BRIGADE, AND WATERS-GROSE IMBROGLIO. On the same day that we received orders to return to Nashville, onr whole Division moved to Bull's Gap, and encamped in the vicinity of the Depot. The next morning the other Divisions of the Corps arrived, and as rapidly as trains could be provided ; the whole Coi'ps began to move, via of Knoxville and Chattanooga, to Nashville. Transportation for so large a force, could not be immediately procured, so it was nearly two weeks, before the whole command reached its destination. The wagon trains were unloaded at the gap, and sent to Knoxville to take the cars ; while all the baggage, and army stores were shipped directly through with the troops. In {starting on this tri}), our Division was agahi in ad- vance, as it had been in leaving Ilnntsville ; but our Brigade was almost at the rear of the Division; Jjence it was not until the 21st, that our Regiment loaded their baggage, and left the Eastern mountain gate- way of East Tennessee. On the evening of April 23d, m'c reached Chattan- ooga, taldng a parting look at the beautiful scenery 260 HISTOHY OF THE REGI^IENT, of East Tennessee, as the sun went down beyond the lofty peaks of the Cumberland Mountains ; over which we had come in the noble army of Gen. Rose- crans, some tvv^enty months before, to take part in the terrible battle, and defeat at Chickamauga. Then, the rebellion was at its zenith, its armies more nu- merous and powertul than ever before ; now, it was ended, and its last army negotiating for favorable terms of surrender, to the incomparable Gen, Sher- 2)ian, On the 23d of April we arrived at Nashville, and instead of stopping at the depot, as we had anticipa- ted, the train ran out about three miles on the North Western Railroad ; and here we were ordered to un- load our baggage. We marched -out two miles on the Charlotte pike, from the station or switch, t" which the cars brought us; and on the 24tli, hi out a permanent camp, about half a mile West Richland Creek, and only a few hundred yai'ds fr* > t the Charlotte pike, by which, the distance was about live and a half miles, to the city. Our camp was laid off, in a piece of open timber- land j completely overgrown with blackvberry brin/ and broom brush ; but when cleared off and th oughly policed, it became a dry, pleasant and hcalt ' . location. A small spring, almost within our Rt mental grounds, • afforded us, abundance of ■ wn ' for drinking and culinary purposes; and the crt- . less than half a mile distant, was convenient for wa-,- ing, and bathing. After going into camp, we soon began to get a «:ood supply of vegetables and Sanitar}" stores, in ad- dition to the usual army rations ; so that our living was far better than it had generally been, when at the front, or hundreds of miles from the base of sup- plies. We were near enough the city now, to get RETUEN TO NASHVILLE. 261 •tlie daily papers, and each niorniiig.^Iiuiidredrf \verc anxiously awaiting the arrival of the aewsboy. Nev- er was an army more eager for news, than at this time. The surrender of Johnson, had not been offi- cially announced, the pursuit of the nmrderers of the President was in progress, and we were watching closely "the signs of the times", and ^inly endeavor- ing to determijie, wliether we should be speedily nuis- tered out and sent home, or retained in service, until! the close of our term. On the 27th, the news came that the assassin Booth was killed, having defied the force who at- tempted to take him prisoner, and refused to surren- der. The announcement that he had fallen, occasion- ed, some expressions of jof, but more frequently of regret, that he had not lived to suffer ignuminiously on the scaffold, the penalty of his awful and hideous crime. Two daj'^s later, it vras officially announced that the last remnant of the rebel army in the East, under command of Johnson, had formally sm-rendered to Gen. Sherman ; that the terms of surrender had been strongly disapproved by the secretary of war, and that Gen. Grant had set out to join Gen. Sher- man, and conclude the negotiations, The papers contained extended accounts, of the manner in which Ctcn. Sherman had betrayed his trust, by assuming unauthorized powers, and granting the rebels a full pardon for all past offences ; but the men who had fought under Gen. Sherman on the famous " At- lanta campaign," were not inclined to belie^'e it pos- sible, for their honored favorite to make such a grave mistake. On the first day of May, Gen. Stanley issued an order naming the camp which we now occupied, "Camp Harker ;" in honor we presume, of the la- 262 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. mented Gen. Harker, who fell, in charging the ene- my's works in front of Kenesaw Mountain, on the 27th day of Jmie, 1864. On the following day, the papers annonnced that the was army to be immedi- ately reduced to 400,000 men ; and with this news, came the rumor that Gen, Stanley with the 4th Army Corps, had been ordered to Texas ; where the rebel Gen. Kirby Smith, w^as still holding at defiance, our small force in that Department. This rumor occa- sioned no little excitement, for there were many who had for the past two weeks, been confidently expect- ing soon to mustered out of service, and sent home. The prospect of going to a very w^arm climate, at this season of the year, was by no means agreeable. The idea of serving four nfonths after the war was ended, was in short so disagreeable, that hundreds re- fused to give credence to the rumor ; and as many more, swore and grumbled, and denounced the le- gion of officers, who, it seemed to them were unwill- ing yet for a season, to be deprived of their high pay, and honorable positions. For more than a week, rumor succeeded rumor in rapid succession. One morning it was said that Gen. Stanley had prepared his " farewell address" to the Corps, Mdiich he was about to leave, to take com- mand of the cavalry, stationed in /Vi-kansas and Tex- as ; and that his address would be delivered on the following day. Next came the report, that the Regi- ments which volunteered in 1862, would be immedi- ately mustered out, and that transports were arriving at Nashville, to convey all the AVesteru troops to Cairo, Ills ; that orders had been received to have all arms, accoutrements, etc., etc., placed in good condition, to be turned into store ; that the veterans would be retained in service, and could not now be paid, be- cause all the available means at the command of the RETUEN TO NASHMLLE. 2G3 Guveriiuient, would be required tc» pay oft' the troupd, going out of service. And so it continued, a new rc- pyrt, or a fresh rumor, for ever hour in the day. On the 5th, the routine of camp life, now begin- ning to grow monotonous, was broken by an unusual spectacle, which caused no little excitement. A ser- geant of the 21st Regt. Ky. A'ols., upon hearing that the President was assassinated, expressed the most fervent joy, fairly shouted with delight. He was im- mediately arrested, had been tried by the Division Court Martial, and was now punished, by being dram- med through the camp of ever}' regiment in the Divi- sion, prior to being sent for three years to a milita- r}'' prison. A band playing the "•E.ogne's March," preceded the guard, who with fixed bayonets, all pointed towards the culprit, conducted hun from <.'amp to camp. The prisoner was a man about thir- t3"-ilve years of age, robust, vigorous, and apparently enjoying excellent health ; and while with closely shaven head, he marched the tedious round, his countenance bore not the slightest indication of re- gret, or shame ; but only that sullen, nu)rose, dog- gedness, that is ever observed in the most hardened and desperate criminals. Such an infliction of pun- ishment in the army, usually occasioned unpleasant feelings, excited emotions of pity and regret ; and but few soldiers hearing the doleful tune, would turn out to see the offender ; but on this occasion, almost every man in the Division, hasteiicd forth to sec the base miscreant, and villaui and thus assist in his pun- ishment. On the 9th day of May, a grand Review of the 4th Corps, by Gen's. Thomas and Stanley, passed off jk the finest possible style. The troops were in excel- lent health and spirits ; their clothing, arms, and ac- coutrements, were in splendid condition ; they hju. 364 HISTOKY OF THE REGIMENT. • ntiincd long enough in camp to relish a brisk marcli > few miles, in the lovely Spring weather. What .l)ated not a little to enkindle the spirit and en- \enmen of the Regiment, were so l)usily employed npon the company rolls. MUSTER OUT OF SERVICE. 271 The scores of men who had been on detached duty^ now began to pour into camp ; so that the Regiment was considerably larger than it had been for many months. Quite a mimber now rejoined us, who had l)een two years absent, and were almost strangers, to those who had "borne the burden and heat of the day." Besides the numerous Muster-out Rolls, it now be- came necessary to pre})are Descriptive Rolls, for all men who were absent on duty, or in the nos])ital. Discharge papers lor each officer and man, was anoth- er rather tedious piece of w'ork,imperatively required ; but on the evening of June 6th, all were tinished, and only needed the signature of the Regimental Com- mander, before being sent to the Mustering Officer for iinal examination. Major Cox, during these days of hurried prepara- tion to leave the army, was constantly with the Regi- ment, doing all in his power to push forward the work; but Lt, Col. ]\Iorton Avas away on some Court of Inquiry or Commission ; and Col. ^^"aters, usually so prompt, vigilant and anxious to be first in anything to be accomplished ; now scarcely devoted more than an hour per day, to the important business in wliich we were engaged. IMost of the officers, and a major- ity of the men, each day would fret and gruiiible, or swear, on account of his seeming neglect ; and a visi- tor would have thought, from the declarations so con- stantly repeated in our camp, that he had very few friends in the Regiment. Yet the Colonel had a rcj markable ability, lor regaining the favor and good- will of his Regiment ; and was able almost in a day, to recover his former position as a fricTid, smd I'avur- ite. As Goldsmith says of Garrick "He thiew off his friends, as a huntsman his pack, For he kne^v when he wished, he fould whistle th'. in Lack." 272 HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT. Yet, about t]iis time, it seemed as tliougli lie would , fiud it "dry whistling," ere all relapsed into good liu- 1 mor. On the 7th of June, all our mules, harness, pio- neers' intrenching tools, and quartermasters' stores, j were turned into store at Nashville ; and everything ' was in readiness for muster, except that the rolls vrere still unsigned, and the Colonel was not heard from by the llcgiment, until near sunset, and then did not remain half an hour in camp. He should probably be excused, for this apparent remissness and neglect ; for the reason that his wounded arm was still very lame, and he was barely able to write for a few minutes at a time, without severe pain. Though he signed no papers that night, and did not return till late in the afternoon of the following day ; yet early next morning, all the rolL were placed in the hands of the mustering officer, signed as required. This delay in signing the rolls, was more annoying, from the fact, that we fully intended to be the first Regiment in the Corps, prepared for muster ; and so no doubt we were, yet one Regiment of the 3rd Division was in advance of us, in starting for home, and took the cars on the 8th, "homeward bound." While we were thus busy, preparing to leave the Division with whom we had so long been incorpora- ted ; the veteran regiments M'ere being paid ofi^ rnd reorganized into two Brigades, preparatory to a Sum- mer campaign in Texas. On the 8th day of June, 1865, we were finally mustered-out of the United States Service ; and the same evening made preparations for starting, on the i)th to Camp Butler, Ills., to be paid off and dis- charged. Before 9 o'clock on the morning of tlic 9th, the baggage was all sent oft" to the depot, and at 10.} t/clock, the Regiment started for the city. On this MUSTER OUT OF SERVICE. 273 :.arcli, wc were to pass directly ]jy the Headquarters t' the Division, and confidently anticipated seeing our honored, beloved and very popular Division com- mander. Gen. Kimball, once more ; and thonglit it quite probable he would make a brief speech, in bid- ding us good-bye. In this we were disappointed, for the brave and noble-hearted old General, had pnr])osely rode avvay, declaring the he "could not bid the boys of the 84th Ills, good bye," He had hovv-- e\'cr, that morning prepared a farewell order, which he directed his adjutant to deliver, when our Regi- ment came along on the way to the city. Vv'e lvne\\' that he had highly esteemed our Regiment, and were very much gratified by this special mark of respect. We insert the order at length — knowing that every member of the Regiment, will ever be justly proud " of the noble commendation bestowed in it, and grate- ful for the yery unusual expression of goodwill, esteem and friendship, which it contains. GEN- KIMBALL'S FAREWELL ORDER. Headquarters, 1st Division, 4th A, C. } Camp Harker, Tenn., June 9, 1865. > Colonel L. H. Waters, Commanding 84th Illinuij; Colonel : You, with the otiicers and men of the 84th Illinois, after three years of gallant devotion to ''he cause of our common country, in this war against jbellion, are now about to return to yonr homes with honor unsullied, and with reputations bright with glory. Your deeds \\ill live forever. In nearly , cry battle of the Southwest, you have been engag- • \1; at- Perry ville, Stone River, Chiekamauga, Look- >ut Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Reseca, Rocky Face, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kenesaw, Jonesboro, Love- joy, Atlanta, Franklin and Nashville.jyou have borne IIk ■274 HISTOEY OF THE REGIMENT. Flag of the Union and the banner of your noble State, to victory, over the foe who would have de- stroyed the Government made by our fathers. God has given you the victory ! Remember Him. And now that the war is over, the rebellion at an end, re- member those you have conquered — use victory as becomes true men, true soldiers. Return to your liomes "with enmity toward none, and charity to all". I know you will be the best of citizens, because you liave been the best oi soldiers. While we live, en- joying the honor and privileges your valor has won, sacred, let us ever cherish as the idols of our hearts, the memory of our comrades, who have given up their lives for the salvation of our country — who fell by your sides battling for the right. Remember the widows, and orphans, of our dead comrades. Be true to them, as our comrades were to us and to the coun- try. My comrades: Accept my gratitude for your devotion to me personally. You have been true and noble soldiers — may God ever bless you, and crown your lives with happiness, and each of you with honor, peace and plenty. J3e as you ever have been, true to God, to country, friends and your- selves. Comrades I again God bless you ! Good bye. NATHAN KIMBALL. Brevt. Major Gen. Comd'g. About one o'clock, the Regiment reached the depot, and at half past three we started toward Louisville, "homeward bound." Nothing of special interest oc- curred on the trip, except that Capt. McDowell was left at a wood station, and three or four men met with the same misfortune, at some of the stations within a hundred miles of Louisville. Arriving at Louisville at half past 11 o'clock, p. m., we were so fortunate as to get transportation the same evening, via Portland to- MUSTER OUT OF SERVICE. 275 Wards Lafayette, Ind. We marched down to Portlanr^, and about four o'clock crossed the Ohio River, having only three hundred and forty-six men in the Regiment, out of nine hundred and thirty-two, who were our com- rades in crossing some thirty-two months before. Nearly six hundred men had we lost, in battle, and by disease, while on the South side of the Ohio, and on duty in the Union Army, crushing the "great rebellion." Such was life in Dixie, during the heat of the terrible con- test, during the tedious months we were marching and fighting for the glorious Union, bearing onward, to ul- timate victory, the Star Spangled Banner. On reaching Louisville, Lt. Col. Morton and lady immediately crossed the river to JefFersonville, and we were compelled to leave them, to complete the journey to Camp Butler alone. About G o'clock, p. m., we left Portland for Lafayette, Lid., having passenger cars for the men, and a baggage car for the Field and Staff, that is, for Regimental Headquarters. Soon after sunrise, on the following (Sunday) morning, we began to realize that we were again in "God's country." Hundreds flocked to the depots at every station we passed, and scarfs and handkerchiefs were waved at every house near the Railroad. They waved us a "wel- come home," and the boys replied by a rousing cheer, as at each house and station, the loyal inhabitants rushed forth to salute "the loyal, true and brave," who had "fought the good fight," and were now rap- idly hastening to rejoin the loved ones at home. About fifty miles South of Lafayette, we came out of the rough timbered country, upon a broad prairie, and in a moment a long ringing cheer arose from the whole Regiment. It was the first prairie we had seen for many months, and strongly reminded all, that we were approaching our beloved and beautiful Prairie State. We arrived at Lafayette about 1 o'clock, and were here compelled to wait until dark, before we could get 276 HISTORY OF THE REGBIENT. n train to Springfield. Here again, v/e lost a couple •of officers, who Avere getting supper when the train started. And here too, had it not been for the prompt action of Col. Waters, in suppressing in true army style, a few grog-shops ; Ave might have had several in- toxicated men to bring into the State, after an absence of almost three years. At half past ten o'clock, the same evening, Ave crossed the State line; and Avhen the sun rose on the morning of June 12th, Ave were cross- ing "Grand Prairie" about ten or fifteen miles East of Decatur, 111. About 11 o'clock, a. m., we arrivrod at Camp Butler, and instead of taking quarters in the Barracks, march- ed out some sixty rods beyond them, and encassped on the banks of the Little Sangamon River. We were the first Regiment, of those about to be mustered out, that reached this point of rendezA-ous, and Avere prom- ised a speedy discharge. On the 13th, it was intended that the Regiment should march through Springfield, to Oak Ridge Cem- etery, to visit the grave of the beloved and lamented President Linccln, and then return to our last camp; but a storm came on in the morning, and continued most of the dsbj, so we were deprived of the opportunity of ^paying a deserved tribute to the soldiers friend — t;-:e Nation's preserver. Day after day, the mustered-out Regiments arrived, so that in the course of a Aveek, quite a large force had encamped in the vicinity of Camp Butler. On the 14th, all of our ordnance and ordnance stores Avcre turned into store, and Ave were again, as Ave were for Aveeks at Camp Quincy, soldiers Avithout arms. On the morning of the 16th, everything being in readiness, all the goA'^ernment property in possession of the Regiment Avas sent to Springfield, to be turned into Ktore, and the Regiment marched into the enclosuri . Avhich surround? the Barracks at Ca,mp Butler, to ri -AlUSTER OUT OF SERVrCE. I'i < eive their pay and final discliarge. The brief speecii made by Col. Waters, when the dismemberment of the Regiment was about to commence, was said by tliose who were so fortunate as ta'hear it, (the author was absent on duty),'to have been a forcible and brilliant iitburst of soul-stirring eloquence — a farewell address so fraught with genuine feeling, and pointed allusions to the scenes of the past three years, that every feeling of animosity -^s swept away in an instant, and he be- came to one and all, as truly admired, esteemed and be- loved, as when he cheered and assisted on the tedious "larch through Kentucky, or led his shattered remnant i a Regiment from the blood-moistened battle-field of vStonc River. Would that we could here present it to our readers, but this is impossible, as it was entirely an impi'oraptu, extempore effort. It was received with deafening cheers, by the whole Regiment, and if it can never appear in print, its import and substance is en- graven on the hearts of those, whom it was his highest delight and honor to command, during the period when it was demonstrated to the whcle world, that A Repub- lic IS THE STRONGEST. A? "ELL A3 THE LEFI GOVEIIX- .AIENT ON EARTH. \ Lt. Col. Morton .1 mi ir^ij. .^u-^, .<., tVu.i as Col. \\'a" ers, were greeted by rousing cheers; and then the work of ' ' ' "harge — disintegration and dissolutic. jommenced. In the course of ii few hours, the several companies were paid, and received the honornoi^ .V'-'-'mnnial, of having served nearly three year;:: their beloved country, in its season of gr x and danger. At three o'clocl: June 16th, 1865, the 84th Regt. 111. Vols., as a ivCguucntal organization had ceased to exist ; but it has left a bright, a glorious, an impcr- -hable record. Its hard-earned fame will be handed lov/n to future generations untarnished, un obscured ; md in the minds and hearts of the true patriots of the 278 HISlt)RY OF THE REGIMENT. State of Illinois, it will ever be known as one of the best, most intrepid and unflinching, of the many noble Regiments, who went forth to succor and save the best Government, that mortal wisdom and patriotism has ever established. All could heartly, yea, proudly re- peat the following stanzas: "Three weary years of toil and blood, With loyal hearts and true ; By field and fortress, plain and flood, We've fought the rebel crew ; But Victory is ours at last, The mighty work is through ; Sound drums and bugles loud and fast, This is your last tattoo. Chorus — Farwell, farewell, to march and fight, Hard tack a fond adieu ; Good-bye Old Glory, for to-night We doff" the army blue. comrades that may ne'er return, Who sleep beneath the dew ' On Chickamauga's gory field, Or Lookout's crest of blue. Where e'er your blood has sealed the faith, We broua'nt in triumph through ; Good-night to glory and to death. And that's good-niorn to you. Chorus — Farewell to pens and prison holes, Where fiends themselves broke thro' And tortured noble, captive souls That they could not subdue. Yet in the fulness of the day, Heaven's justice did we do; Disaster, famine, ruin, may Make fearful answer true. Chorus — Good-bye to muster and parade, Good bye the grand review; The dusty line, the dashing aid. Good-bye our General, too iilUSTER OUT OF SERVICE. 279 Good-bye to war, but halt ! I say, John Bull, a word with 3''0u ; Pay up old scores, or wc aj^ain, May don the army blue." * Chorus-. — About 9 o'clock, on the evening of June lOtli, mnst •of those who had been members of the Regiment, took the cars at Springfield, in a few hours to rejoin the loved ones at home. Early the next morning, a part were warmly welcomed by the citizens of Quincy, 111. ; an- other portion were also welcomed with a splended din- ner at Macomb, 111. ; and companies 11, K, and G, reached home the same night, or on the following morn- The day of arrival at home, will no doubt by most of the Regiment, be ever remembered as the proudest, happiest day of their lives; and the hea.rty welcome everywhere received; but especially by each member in his family at home, will long be recalled by every one, Avith unfeigned satisfaction and delio;ht. To have be- longed to the 84th Regt. 111. Vols., to have shared in its trials, dangers and triumphs ; is at the present hour, and for ages, will be considered an honor, higher than could be conferred by any authority on earth. In the minds and hearts of hundreds, its history is writ- ten by its immortal deeds and terrible sufferings, on a score of blood-stained battle-fields. The honor of hav- ing shared, even in its hardships, privations and suf- ferings, is a priceless inheritance to hand down to fu- ture generations ; and it is possible that centuries hence, this hastily written, and very imperfect histo- ry, will be read with tears of patriotic joy, by tfic de- ascendants of those, whose noble sacrifices, whoso, un- flinching efforts, whose deeds of imperishable honor, it so indefinitely records. ., \ ■ If in the present National crisis througli which our ■country is passing, or at any futuie period, this nurra- 280 HISTORY OF THE EEGIMENT, tivr .-ds of valor done," by one, or the many noble Ilegiments, sent by our great State into the field, tor wreath its name with glory and honor, during the ex- istence of "the great rebellion ;" shall even in the slightest contribute to fan the latent flame of true patriotism, or kindle afresh an ardent and zealous en- thusiasm, for the eternal preservation of the wisest, noblest and best Government, upon which the sun has ever in glory shone; we shall feel amply repaid for the arduous toil of the composition, and gratified in the highest degree, in having bestovv'ed less than "the wid- ows mite," for a great, good and noble purpose. We have not undertaken, by this history, to commemorate the services and perpetuate the honor of our beloved Regiment ; that honor, if it lives immortal, must sur- vive in the hearts of our countrymen f our service if truly commemorated, will be emulated by a like devo- tion to the cause of our common country, should it ever again be threatened with dismemberment and de- struction. We have hoped to gratify, those v/ho were members of our noble Regiment, by placing in their hands an authentic record, to which they might fre- quently refer, when recalling the incidents of their term of service, in their later years; when as vigor de- clines, the most tenacious m^emory gradually beeom.es vravering and defective. To this, can they come ■ tainty, to this appeal with pride and pleasure. And now kind reader, having so long borne with us, in this tedious narration of plain, blunt facts, we have only to say to you, that we hope your time has not been wholly squandered ; but that you may, in the fore- going pages, have gained some food for reflection, and found some incidental truths underlying or interwoven with the facts, that will tend to inspire you with great- er zeal for our country's honor, prosperity and glory, and with firmer courage ever to battle for " OUR COUNTRY, THE TRUTH, AND THE RIGHT I>^RT II. An A.bstract of Regimental Secords. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION — KOSTER OF THE FIELD AND STAFF, AND ABSTRACT OF PERGONAL RECORDS. From necessity rather than clioice, we have divided the History of the 84th E.egt. Ills. Vols., into two parts. A Eegiment must be considered as a whole, as it enters upon its duties, and performs its part in the great drama of war. Yet it is a whole, organized by the consent and agreement of the thousand indi- viduals who compose it ; and each of this thousand must perform his dut}', and act his part, while the whole is achieving the ends for which it is organized. A complete history of a Regiment then, should C(jn- sist first of a record of the services and achievements of the whole, as an entity ; and secondly, ot a rec- ord of the part performed, and services rendered^ by the individual members. Thus, it will be a Regi- mental history, and also a personal history of the in- dividuals who entered into the orii;anization. 282 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. AYitli this idea iu view, we have in the preceJing^ portion of this vohniie, endeavored faithfully to re- cord the services and achievements of our Regiment, as an organization ; and now come to the individual historj, or personal record of the several meml3ers. This we are compelled to condense and abridge to tlie greatest possible degree, or enlarge our volume to an unmtended extent. Hence, we give the original. Muster Rolls of each Companj'-, and opposite the name of each man, place a brief record of the most i nportant incidents in his term of service. This^is termed fcie "Personal Record" of the individual members of the Regiment; and is intended to contain a brief outline of each man's actual services and achievements. It gives the date of each promotion, the names of the battles in which each mem])er ^vas engaged — if wounded, when and where, — if he died of wounds or disease, the date of death and the place where it occurred, — if discharged, on what account — if transferred, to what organization, etc,, etc., as will be noticed in the succeeding pages. This Abstract was carefully prepared from the Books of each Company, and especially the Morning Report Books, a short time before the Regiment was disbanded ; and has since been tilled out and com- pleted, by insertiiig many incidents remembered by ineml^ers of the Regiment, and especiallj'' by the offi- cers, to whom v/e are sincerely gratefal for their val- uable contributions. We found the Company Records, gcnerall}-, m- dcfinite and imperfect, and do not pretend to say, that exact and even-handed justice has been done, to all tlie in(iividual members of our noble Regiment. Wo hav^c endeavored to be entirely accurate in every date and statement, and without "fear, favor or predju- dice," have garnered ail we could from the Regimen- SECORD OF FIELD AND STAFF. 283 tal Records. If injustice is done to any soldier, lie must attribute it to his company commanders, and not to the author ; for most of the facts stated in the fol- lowing abstract, are from the company books, or the surviving company officers. Our limited space has compelled us to make use of many contractions and abbreviations ; most of which we doubt not, will be understood without explana- tion. A few, perhaps, should be mentioned in this place, to avoid any obscurity or misapprehension. In the names of the battles in which the Regiment engaged, S. R. is used for Stone River; Chiga. for Chickamauga ; L. Mt. for Lookout Mountain ; M. R for Missionary Ridge ; Atl. campn. for Atlanta Cam- paign, etc, etc. Again, prom, stands for j^-omt^ted ; must'd. for mustered; hosp. for hospital; and V. R. C. for Veteran Reserve Corps. With this introduction and explanation of our de- sign, we hope the following abstracts will be found intelligible, and present first — THE PEESON.AL EECOED OF THE FIELD AND STAFF OF THE REGIMENT. Louis H. Waters, Col. In battles of S. R., Chiga., L. Mt., M. R.; on Atl. camp., till Aug. 22d, 1864 ; severely w^ounded in battle, at Franklin, Nov. 30, 1864. Prom, to Brv't. Brig. Gen. at the close of the war. Mustered out with the Regt., June 8th, 1865. Thomas Hamer, Lt. Col., was with Regt, on Ky. Y camp, slightly wounded at S. R., Dec. 31, 1862. Resigned, disabled by w^ound, July 24, 1863, Charles H. Morton, Maj., with Regt. on Ky. camp, and at S. R. slightly wounded at S. R. Det'ld on Gen. Palmer's Staff, and taken prisoner at Chiga. 251 ABSTBACT OF EECOEDS. In Libbj Prison till May 1864. On Atl. Camp. after June 20th 1864. Commanded Regt. at Joncsboro, Lovejoy Station and Nashville. Prom to Lt. Col. July 25th, 1863, and to Br'vt Col. at Uie close of the War. Caleb B. Cox,Maj., Prom, to JIaj. July 25th, 1863, from Capt. Co. F ; and to Br'vt Lt. Col. at the close of the War. Was with the Eegt. in all the battles in which it v\'as engaged. Slightly wound- fil at Cli'ga, and again near Marietta, July 4, 1864. Clustered out with the Regt. Charles E. Waters, Adjt,, Joined Regt. Nov. 6, 1862. Taken sick with sciatic rheumatism Feb. 1, 1863, and became a cripple for life. Resigned Sept. 29, 1863. ^ - Russell W. Caswell, Ad^t., Prora. to Adjt from 2d Lt. Co. G, Nov. 15, 1863. Was in all the battles in which the Regt. ^A•as engaged, except Nashville. Severely v/ounded at Franldin, Nov, 30, 1864. Ret'd to duty, Feb. ^65, mustcrd out with the Regiment. Samuel L. Roe, R. Q. j\I., on duty with the Regt. on Ky. camp. Resigned on account of ill health, Nov. 18, '62. James A. Russell, R. Q. j\I., prom, from 2nd Lt. co. B, Nov. 28', '62. Was aet'g Commissary 3d Brig., till Jan. 1, '63 ; from which time he was on duty IS Regt. Q. M. till he resigned, on account of ill health July 26, '63. _Louis A. Simmons, R. Q. M. Prom, from ranks, (see (;!). A,) July 26, '63, ; on duty with Regt. till Sept. 26, '64. At home on leave oi absence until Nov. 13, '64; on duty till must'd out with Regt. June 8, '65. . James B. Kyle Siu-geon, was ^vith Regt. on Ivy. c-anip. On duty in hosp., from Nov., '62 till May, 6S. AVith Regt. at Chg'a : on duty at Div. hosju RECOEIJ OF FIELD AND STAFF. 285 until Dec. With Regt on Atl. camp, appt'd chief Surg, od Brig. Aug., '64 ; must'd out \vith Regt. Dmid McDill Asst'. Surgeon, was with llegt. at the battles of S. 11., L. Mt. and IL R. Prom, to Sur- geon, 80th Ills. Vols., i\[arch, '64. Elijah L, Marshall, Ass't Surgeon, M-as not on duty with Regt. after it left camp at Quincy. Resigned Feb. 19, '63. ' rank W. Hunter, Ass't Surgeon, prom, from hosp'tl steward (see co. B) to Ass't Surg'n, Sept. 3, 'G4 ; resigned Sept. 27, 1864. Samuel W. Slarshall, Ass't Surg'n, appt'd by Gov. of Ills., (a citizen,) joined Regt. Jan. 20, '6''^. Must'd out with Regt. ^alph Harris, Chaplain: was with Regt. on Ky. campaign. Resigned Jan. 22, '63. iiiram P. Roberts, Chaplain, prom, from 1st Lt. co. E (see CO. E,) May 4, '63. Resigned ]\Iarch VJ, 1864. XON C0M5IISSI0NED STAFF. John R. Frierson, Sergt. llajor ; see* record co. F. Jonathan B. Green, Sergt. Major, prom. Dec. 1, '63; see record co. B. Andrew S. McDowell, Q. M. Serg't; see record co. F. Charles Robert McCoy, Q. IL Sergt., prom. Nov. 27, 1862 ; see record co. D. Monroe P. Edwards, Com. Sergt. ; see record co. I. AVihiam 13. Wright, Com. Sergt., prom. Nov. 27, '62 ; see records co. F. Thomas B. Mamy, Hosp. Ste\vard: see records co. A. Frank W. Hunter, Hosp. Steward, prom. March 3d, '63 ; see record co. B. Alexander Blackburn, Hosp. Steward, prom. No\'. 1, '64 ; see record co. C. CHAPTFR II COMPANY A.— ORIGINAL MUSTEK KOLL AND PEESONAL RECORD. John P. Higgins, Capt., was in Battles of S. R., Chg'a., Atlanta Camp., Franklin and NaBhville. Elected at organization of en., July 28, '62; mustered in Sept. 1, '62. Resigned Jan 20, '05. Thomas G. Wisdom, 1st Lieut., with co. on Ky. camp.; severel}'- wounded at S. R., Dee. 31, '62; disabled for life. Mustered out Aug. 25, '63, William F. Starnes, 2nd Lieut., with co. on Ky. camp., sent to IIosp. Dee. 20, '02. Mu.stered out by order War Department, May 7, '63. Lewis N. Mitchell, 1st Sergt.,with co. on Ky. camp.; severely wounded at S. R., in hospital 8 months; in battles of Atlanta camp., Franklin and Nashville. Commissioned 1st Lieut. Nov. 16, '63, mustered Jan. 20, '05. Mustered out with co. June 8, '65. John McCabc, Sergt., with co. on Ky camp., in battles of S. R. and Chga. Wounded at Chga.; in ho.sp. till May, '64; de- tailed in Gen, Field IIosp., May 2, '64. On duty in ho.sp. till June 8, '05, must'd out with co. Edwin B. Rail, Sergt., with co on Ky camp.; in.battlc of S. R. Dec. 31, 62.; accidentally wounded Jan. 1, '03 ; reduced to "ranks Jan.J3, 63. Discharged at Chicago, 111., June 11, '03. Thomas M. Whitehead, Sergt., v,-ithco. on Ky camp.; detl'd into Pioneer Corps Nov. IS, '62. Died at Gal'n, Tcnn., Dec. 11, '02. Willis Edson, Sergt., with co. on Ky camp.; wounded severely at S. R.; in battles of L. Mt., M. R., Atl. Camp., Franklin and Naghville. Promoted to 2nd Lieut, co. A, June 19, '03; to Capt. CO. A, Feb. IS, '05. Mustered out with co. Warren S. Oddl, Gorp'l, with-co on Ky camp.; imbattiesof S. R., Chga , L. ;Mt., M. R. and .\tl. Camp.: in hosi>. from Nov. RECORD OF COMPANY A. 287 '(i4, to Feb. '65, prom, to Sergt. Feb. 34, '63. Mustered out with CO, Joseph B. Wortman. Corp'l, with co on Ky camp.; severely wounded at S. R., Dec. 31 ; disharged on account of wound April 2, T.g. David J. Tuggle, Corp'l wa.s in battle of S. R.; wounded Dec. :'.1,'62; had his arm amputated Jan., '03, died from wound -March 31, '63. Quincy A. Robcrl^, Corp'l was in battles of Chga., L. Mt., ^I. R.; killed on tho skirmish line, near Rocky Face, Ga., May 9, '()4. Wasburit'd at Tunnel Hill, near Division Hospital. John S. "Walker, Corp'l, was in battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R, and Nashville ; prom to Sergt Feb 24, '63, to 1st Sergt Feb 1, '05, to Bvt 2nd Lieut at the close of the war; mustered out with the CO June 8, '65. William J Lea, Corp'l, with co on Ky camp to Glasgow ; sent to hosp Nov Y, '62, discharged April 21, '03. Thomas J. Starnc'^, Corp'l, with co on pt of Ky camp ; died in hosp at Nashville, of Asthma, Feb 14, '03 ; reduced September 24, '02. "William Jones, Corp'l. reduced Sept '62 ; in hosp till Aug '63 ; severely wounded in the battle of Chga, and discharged on ac- count of wounds, Jan 1, '64, at Louisville, Ky. PRIVATES. Allen, CufnerW, deserted at Quincy, 111., Sept 22, '62. Archer, George C, prom to Corp'l, Ma}^ 8. '63, to Sergt Sept 1, '63; was in battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R, Lovejoy St, Frankhn and Nashville ; sick in hosp from May to Aug '04, mustered out with co. Ei'otherton, Silas C, was in battle? of S R. Chga, L m, M R and All campun*:!! July :26, '64; died in hosp Aug 7, '04, o.i Lookout Moui.tain. lilair, Samuel, was in battles of S R and Chga ; sent to hosp Sept 2(J. '03; died Oct 20, '03, of chronic diarrhoea in hosp, Louisvillc; Ky. liutler, Prestrem, with co on Ky camp; discharged Feb 14, '03, at hospital. Baker, John, was in battles of S Rand Chga; severC-ly wounded and died of wounds. Sept '63, in hands of the enemy. Carnahan, Fielder, with co on Ky camp, and in battle of Frank- lin ; was on duty as Regt'l Blacksmith most of term ; muster .- ed out with co. Clark, Jacob, prom to Corp'l Feb 24, '03 ; v.-ith co on Ky camp, and in battle of S R; discharged March 16, '04. Clark, J;;rces S, was in all the buttles in which the Regt was en- 288 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. gaged ; slightly wounded at S R and at Nashville; mustered out with CO. Clark, Milton, with co on Ky camp; died Dec 24, 'C2, of Pneu- monia; buried by Murfreesboro Pike, 3 miles from Nashville. Clarke, 'Bonjamin F, detailed as Orderly at Regt H'd Qr's, as Regt Postmaster, June 1, '63, on that duty until Jan 13, '65 ; returned to co, and mustered out with co. Case, Chaunc}', with co on Ky camp ; detailed as Wagonmaster Nov 15, '62 ; disch'd March 23, '63; disability, loss of sight. Casto, George W, vvas in hosp from Sept '62, to Aug 27, '63; died Sept 20, '63, of disease of the heart, at Chickamauga hosp. Casta, Thomas J, prom to Corp'l, Oct '62 ; with co on Ky camp, and in battle of S R; discharged at hosp Feb 14, '63. Cox, Nathan C, with co ver}' little ; transferred to V R Corps, Dec 18, '63. Covalt, Abrara B, with co on Ky camp, and in battle of S R ; sent to hosp Jan 26, discharged from injury received at S R, April 13, '63. Crane, John A, was with co on all marches and campaigns, and in all battles, except Chickamauga; slightly wounded at Stone River ; mustered out with company. Case, Edward, prom to Corp'l, May 16, '63, to Sergt Feb 1, '65 ; was in all the battles in which the Regiment was engaged; slightly wounded, May 14, '64 ; mustered out with co. Dunsworth, Dinimon B, was never able for duty ; transferred to V R Corps, Dec 18, '63. Driskell, John, with co to Somerset, Ky ; died Nov 27, '62. Deardorif, Joseph, with co on Ky campn, and in battle S R ; wounded Dec 31, '62, on account of wounds, discharged April 17, '63. Davis, John, on duty as Drummer, during the whole service ; did good service as stretcher-bearer ; mustered out with co. Fenton, George, with co to Glasgow, Ky ; sent to hosp ; dischar- ged Jan 6, '63. Gadd, Frank, was in all the battles in which the Regt was en- gaged ; accidentally wounded Jan 14, and died of wound at Nashville, Tenn., Jan 20, '65. Green, William T, prom to Corp'l Sept 15, and to Sergt Nov 20, '62; detailed into Pioneer Corps Nov 18, '62; transferred to Engineer Corps Aug 2, '64. Ilolliday, Francis M, with coon Ky campn ; in hosp till Nov 28, '63: detailed Regt'l Bugler; killed May 80, '64, near New Hope Church, Ga.; buried near fortifications. Kclky, James, with co on Ky campn ; detailed into Pioneer Corps, Nov 28, '63 ; transferred to Eng Corps, July 27, '64 Lutz, Granville M, was never really able for field duty; vvas ii' hosp three or four times ; in battle of Chgn, L Mtand M R; dr RECORD OF COMPANY A. 289 tailed at Gen F'ld Hosp, Aug 23, '84; mustered out with en. Lane, David N, on sp duty on Ky campn ; sent to hosp Dec '62, and remained there until discharged, Jan 4, '64. Mitchell, Willford, with co on Ky campn and in battle S R ; se- verely wounded Dec 31 ; had his arm amputated Jan 20, '63; ischarged on account of wounds, March 28, '63. Aiacomber, Anson, with co en Ky campn ; killed in battle S R, and buried on the field, grave No 23. ■'''■• -oner, Charles W, prom to Corp'I March 1, '65 ; was in all the kirmishes and battles in which the Regc was engaged ; never • bsent on any account daring his whole term; mustered out ith CO. jry, Thomas B, detailed Hosp Steward Aug 12 ; prom to same Tov 8, '02 ; reduced March 8, '63 ; discharged at hosp, Na.'^h- .ille, Aug 6, '63. Morris, Richard L, prom to Corp'i Aug 20, '64 ; in all battles ii% which Regt was engaged, except S R; severely wounded Nov '- i, '63, charging Lookout Mountain ; mustered out with co. in, Michael, with coin all the engagements in which it took . art ;• slightly wounded at Chga ; seldom excused from duty ; :'.ustered out with CO. ..ien, Edward, was with co in all the skirmishes and battles ; 1 which Regt was engaged, prior to May 9, '64; slightly .ounded at Chga; mortally wounded at Rocky Face, Ga., tay 9, and died of wounds May 11, '64. Buried at National ■. t'inetery, Chattanooga. Owens, Nathaniel, prom to Corp'I March 1, '65 ; was in battles of Chga, L Mt, M R, and Atl campn till June 24, when he- was severely wounded ; returned to co Feb 27, '65 ; muster.-d out with- CO. Parks, George, with co on Ky campn, and at S R : severely wounded Dec 81; arm amputated Jan 15; died in hosp at '•'ashville, of wound, or its treatment, Feb 13, '63. rks John, prom to Corp'I Sept 1, '64; was in all^e battles in vhich the Regt was engaged ; mustered out with co, 'scr, John C, with co on Ky campu ; detailed in PJtOiieer Corps Nov 8, '62; wounded at S R; transfcrcd to tJitj'gifregr Coips Aug 2, '63. - •^'V ' , •■•ick, Samuel, with co on Ky campn, ^nd at ^}0; shot ■irough lungs Dec 31, '62; discharged on account of wound March 23, '63 ; subsequently died of the wound. Patrick, Charles, with coon Ky campn ; sent to ho: , '62 ; discharged at Nashville Feb 19' '63. Prentiss, Harrison T, in band, transferred to Bri., . May 20, '63. ■ Robinson, William, with co to Somerset, Ky.. ' ' Nov 18, '62. 290 ABSTRACT OF HECORDS. Roberts, Charles C, with co on Ky campn and at S R ; wounded Dec 31 ; discharged" on account of wound, July 6, '63. Hansom, Augustus, in band, transferred to Brigade band, May 20, 63. Bene, Joseph T, was on Ky campn to Glasgow ; in battles of Chga, L Mt, M R and Atl campn ; d'etailed as stretcher-bearer Nov 4, '64; mustered out with co. , Robertson, James T, was in battles of Chga, L Mt, M R ; lost his sight, and on that account discharged Dec 'G4, Remick, Augustus, sent to hosp Oct 1, '62; detailed as clerk in Med Purveyor's ofilce, and remained there on duty until June 5, '65 ; mustered out with company. Simmons, Louis A, with co on Ky campn, nnd in battle of S R ; prom to 1st Lt and R Q M July 26, '63.— See F& S. ?^hoopman, Jacob, prom to Corp'l May 28, '63 ; was wiih co on Ky campn ; was sick during battle of S R ; was in battle of Chga, L Mt, Ati campn, after June 27, Franklin and Nashville; seriously wounded charging L Mt, Nov 24, '63 ; mustered out with company. Spear, Samuel, with co on Ky campn, and in battle of S.R; lost his right arm Dec 31, '62 ; on that account discharged March 6, '63. Shepherd, Thomas J, was m battle of S R; severely wounded Dec 31, '62; recovered and was transferred to Marine Brigade, April 14, '63. Sljter, Philo, with co on Ky campn, and in battle of S R; wound- ed Dec 31, and discharged Feb 2, '63, on account of wound. Slyter, Lorenzo, was reported a deserter from Dec '62 until Sept 20, '63 ; was in battle 2nd day at Chga ; arrested and relieved byordei ot Gen. Palmer, with loss of pay; sent to hosp Feb 22, '64, and discharged. Smyser, John W, sent to hosp Oct 5, '62 ; discharged at hosp Dec 15, '62. Tuggle, Crawford, was in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M F, and on all marches, skirmishes, &o., until June 29, '64; sent to hosp June 29, '64 ; detailed in Gen Field Hospital from Aug '64, till June 8, '65 ; mustered out with company, Vorhes, John, with co on Ky campn ; sent to hosp Dec I, '62 ; discharged April 13, '68. Voorhies, George R, with coon Ky campn, and in battles of L Mt and MR; on duty as teamster most of the time; mustered out with company. Waters, Joseph G, was act'g Adjt on Ky campn ; with co and wounded in battle of S R ; prom to IstLt co C, April 8, '63 ; in battles Chga, L Mt, M R and Atl campn ; detailed A-D-C ic Gen Kimball, and as such wounded at Franklin ; accidently broke his wounded arm Dec 14, '64 ; mustered out with co. BECORD OF COMPANY A. 291 Walkor, Daniel M, with co on Ky campn ; as guard on Railroad, taken prisoner and paroled Jan '63 ; in battle of Chga and severely-wounded ; transferred to V R Corps, June 13, '64 White, Thomas W, with co on all inarches, and in all battles and skirmishes, except on Atl campn ; musterad out with co. Woods, Richard A, sent to hospin Sept'62; dischg'd Dec 25, '02. Wisdom, Elijah S, with co on Ivy campn; discharged at hosp April 25, 63. Willis, Abel P, with co in Ky to Glasgow ; detailed as Fifer, Feb 8, '63 ; on duty as musician until Nov 30, '64 ; missing after battle of Franklin ; was taken prisoner and died at Anderson- villo, Ga. Willis, George W, with co in Ky till Nov 8 , sent to hosp, and returned Feb 8, '63; mortally wounded, at Chga, Sept 19; died of wounds, Oct 13, '63. Wilson, Zachary, with co to Glasgow, Ky.; in hosp and conva- lescent camp till March '64; detailed in Ambulance Corps Mar '64, and remained there till discharged with company. Whiting, Charles 11, prom to Corp'l Jan 25, '04 ; was in all the battles in which the Regt was engaged, on all the marches, &c.; slightly wounded June 3, '64, at New Hope Church, Ga.; mustered out with co. Wells, Christopher C, in hosp from Oct 1, '62, till Jan 22, '03 ; discharged Feb 29, '03. SUMMARY OF CASUAI-ITIES. AYounded at Stone River. — Wisdom, Mitchell, L. N., Rail, Ed- son, Wortman, Tuggle, Clark, Crane, Deardorff, Mitchell, W., Pelsor, Roberts, Patrick, Parks, Spear, Shepherd, Slyter and Waters, 18. Killed. — A. Macomher, 1. Died of Wounds. — Tuggle, Patrick and Parks, 3. Wounded at Chickamauga. — McCabe, P.aker, Jones, O'Brien, Walker, Nolan and Willis, 7. Died of Wounds. — Baker and Willis, 2. Wounded at Lookout Mountain. — Morris and Shoopman, 2. Killed on Atlanta Cam- paign.— Roberts and Holliday, 2. Wounded on Atlanta Cam- paisn. — Case, Owens, O' Brienand Whiting, 4. Died of wounds. E. O'Brien. Wounded at Nashville.— J. S. Clark. Diedof Ac- cidental gun-shot wound. — Frank Gadd. Total killed.— 3. To- tal wounded, — 32. Died of wound.s,— 7. CHAPTEIl III; .•')MPANY B. — ^ORIGINAL MUSTER ROLJ 'ERSONAJ RECORD. Vincent M. Grev\-cl!, Capt., v.-as at home sick, when Rogt Vv•:^^ mastered; rpjoined Regt, Oct. 5, 1862; was with co. on Ky, camp, and in battles of S. R. and Chg'a. Resigned Oct 27, i8Ga. Lemuel L. Scott, 1st Lt., prora to Capt Nov. 1, '03 : was in ail t'ne battles in which the Regt engaged, and on all the march os; wounded at S. R. ; was Top. Eng 3d Brig staff at Chga ; niustered out with Regt. James A. Russell, 2d Lt.; with co. on Ky camp'n, acting Bri- Com'sy from Oct. to Jan. 1st ; prom to 1st Lt. and R. Q. M., Nov. 19, '62 ; on duty a^ R. Q. M. until he resigned, July 2<'3 'G3. Emmor Dilworth, 1st Sergt: prom to 2d Lt. Nov 10, 'G2; re- signed Oct. 31, '63 ; was in battles of S. R. and Chga. W'iliiara M. Provine, Sergt ; prom, to 1st Sergt Nor. 19, '62, to 1st Lt Nov. 18, '63; was in ail battles in which the Regt. engaged except Chg'a, untn taken pri.-;oner, July 20, 1864 ; exchanged near the close of the war, and mustered out. Jonathan B. Green, Sergt. ; prora. to 1st Soirgt, Sept. 1st, '63 and to Sergt. Maj. Dec 1st, '63 ; was in all the batjtles in which Regt. engiAged : mustered out with Regt. Edward B. Hughes, Sergt; reduced to ranks Dec, '62 ; desert- ed on the battle-field of Chga. ; tried by Court martial and sentenced to be shot, April, 1864; commuted by Pres't U. S. to imprisonment, during the war. i.tlwin Knock, Corp'l ; reduced Dec. 25, '63; prom, to Corp": Nov. 1, '64; in all battles in which the Regt. engaged except S. R. ; mustered out with co. Amos Knock, Corp'l ; prom, to Sergt. Dec 24, 1863 ; woundeu RECORD OF COMPANY l\. 293 at Chga. Sept. 18, 'C3, and on All. camp, June 27, '6-i; died of wounds Occ. 11, *'64. Robot A. Barson, Corp'l ; reduced Dec. 1SG2, died June 7. '03, at Nashville. Parkhurst R. Jfiner, Corp'l ; prom, to Scrgt. Dec 27, '63; slight- ly wounded at S. R. In all battles &c. in which the Rcgt. en- gaged, except L. Mt. ; was at that time sick ; must'd out with company. Alexander S. Ilolliday, Corp'l ; prom, to Sergt June 1, '(U; was in all the battles and skirmishes in which the Regt. took part; nuist'd outwitii company. Richard H. McClin'.ock, Corp'l ; prom, to Sergt. Aug. 13, 1804 ; wounded Sept. 19;>^nd killed Sept. 20, '63, at Chickamauga. William J. Moore, Corp'l ; discharged March 27, 1863. I hivid G. Ilarland,' Corp'l i wounded at S. R.Jan. 2, '03 ; diccl of wounds Jan. 13, '63, at Div. Field Hospital. I'lavATKS. Atherton, Richard, wounded at Chg'a Sept. 20, '63 ; det'Id in Amb. corps. May 1, '64 : discharged Feb. 22, '05. Atherton, David, enlisted for a nurse in hospital, and was on duty as such, his whole term ; mustered out with co. Andrews, Martin, was in all skirmishes and battles with the Regt. till June 2o, '64 ; cut his loot, falling timber for fortili- catiors, sent to hosp.; returned to co. Feb 6, '65; mustered out ■vith CO. Belford, James, in battle of S. R and wounded at Chg'a Sept. 19, '03; died of wounds Oct. 11, '63. •artholeraew, Levi, wounded at S. R. Dec. 81, IS62; transfered to V. R. .corps', .\yd, John E., taken prisoner at Chg'a Sept. 19, '63; died at Andersonville, Ga. April 16, '64; grave No. 1971. ikans, Amos, was with the co. on all marches, camp'n's and battles ; mustered out with co. Bishop, Daniel, discharged March 11, '63 ; disability from dis- ease. Bartholomew, Aaron, killed in battle Chg'a, Sept. 19, '63. v'liipman, Daniel, det'Id as teamster Oct. '62; on duty as such the whole term; must'd out with co. Battie, George W. ; iransfcred to V. R. corps. Oramblit, Jesse, in 'otittle of Nashville ; must'd out with co. Cadwalladcr, Jesse, died of disease, at Bowling green Ky., Dec. ' 'adwallader, Thomas B., died in hosp. Nashville, Jan. 18, '63. Jope, William v., was in battle of S. R. ; det'Id as teamster, Jan. ,63 ; on that duty until must'd out with co. June S, '65, 294 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. Clark George W. was with the co. in all battles etc., in which the Regt. engaged, except L. Mt. ; mustered out with co. Chappell, W., discharged June 20, '63. Cook, Eli, was in the battles of S. R. and Chg'a ; detailed in 5th Ind. Battery, Oct. 23, '63; returned to co. April 1, '64; was on Atl. camp'n, in battles of Franklin and Nashville ; must'd out with CO. Dobbins, "William A., was in the battle of S. R. Wounded at Ch'ga, Sept. 19, '63; died of wouuds, June 28, '65. Dilworth, Harvey W., discharged Dec. 5, '63. Easley, Mark B. prom, to Corp'l May 1, '64; in all battles ex- cept S. R. ; must'd out with company. Easley, Daniel L. was with the co. in all battles except S. R. ; mustered out with company. Fancher, Levi, wounded at S. R. Dec. 31, '63; wounded severe- ly, June 4, '64, near New Hope church, Ga. Discharged on account of wound. Franklin, Benjamin, wounded Oct V, '62, near Perry ville; tran-^ fered to V. R. corps, Sept. 1, '63. Farquar, Isaiah W, prom, to Corp'l Aug 3, '63, to Sergt No 1, 1864 ; with the co. in all battles and skirmishes, and on a. marches except the reconnoisance of Dalton, Feb. '64 ; must'Q out with CO. Grewell, Isaac W, severely wounded at S. R. Dec 31, '62 ; dis- charged on account of wounds, March 22, '63 Green, William F. in all battles in which the Regt. engaged, ex- cept S. R. Mustered out with company. * Hunter, Frank W, prom, to Hosp. Steward March 8, '63 ; to Ass't Surgt. Sept. 3, '64 ; resigned Sept. 27, '64. Hughes. David, wounded at S. R. Dec 31, '62; Transfered to V R. corps, '63. Hughes, Isaac M, discharged Jan 22, '63. Highlands, William A. prom, to Sergt Nov. 19, '62, to 1st Sergt Nov. 1, '63 ; was with co. in all battles except those of the Atl. camp'n ; sent home (sick) on furlough, May 20, and died June 18, '64. Hasty, William, discharged Jan. 24, '63. Hall, Francis, in all battles etc., in which the Regt. engaged ex- cept S. R. ; taken prisoner and paroled on R. R. Jati. 1863 ; must'd out with company. Harland, William V. detailed into Pioneer corps Nov. 18, 1862 ; transfered to Eng. corps, Aug 2, '64. Hickle, George W. was with co. in battle of Chg'a ; transferred to V. R. corps July 25, '64. Hoopes Wm., detailed as mechanic and wagonmaster, most o* his term ; With co. on Atl. camp'n from July 18, '64, ; in bat ties of Jonesboro aud Lovejoy Station; mustered out with co RECORD OF CO^klPANY B. 295 Harland, Monroe, in battle of S. R. Detailed as teamster, shot and instantly killed by sharpshooters, Oct 11, '03. Hannan, Patrick, was with co. in all battles and skirmishes ex- cept S. R. Mustered out with co. Hillyer, Thomas, in the battle of Nashville; transferred to V. K. corps. Johnson, Henry A. taken prisoner at S. R. ; was exchanged and deserted. Knock, Daniel, died Oct. 1, '62, in hosp. at Quincy Ills, Kinsley, William A. discharged April 27, '63 ; disability- rheu- matism. Koons Andrew J, was with co at S R ; discharged Dec 24, '03 ; dLsabilit}', loss of voice. Leighty John H, prom to Corpl Nov '64, was with the co in all the battles, &c, except Chga and L Mt ; must'd out with co. McCamant James P, accidently killed by falling through a hatch- way in Hosp No. 2 Quincy, Ills Sept 22, '62. Miner John W, killed in battle of S R, Dec 31, '62. Grave No. 1. Miles Augustus, Killed in battle- of Chga, Sept 19, 'C3. Mitchell Coleman, wounded at S R, Dec 31, '62 ; died of wound, April 3, '63. Moore Ephriam S, wounded at S R, Dec 31, '62 ; returned to CO, 1S63 ; was in the battles df Chga, L Mt, and M R ; sent to Hosp, ilay 9, '64 ; died of dysentery, June 9, '64. Miller Hartshorn J, detailed in band, Q M Dept, and at Div H'd Qrs most of the term ; was in_,battles of L Mt and M R ; must'd out with CO. Murphy, George A, killed in battle of S R, Dec 31, '52 ; grave No 2. Miller, Amos G, detailed into Pioneer Corps, Died '62; died of small pox in hosp Quincy, III, Dec 7, '64. Nance, Henry H, detailed in hosp ; on duty in hosp dep't his whole lerm ; act'g Asst Surgeon at L Mt hosp from Nov 6, '64, until discharged May 26, '65. Pratt, Henry C, was on duty as orderly at Brig Hd Qrs most of his time ; co records do not state in what battles ; mustered out with CO. Parks, Joseph M, taken prisoner at S R, exchanged and dest'i?. Robinson, Lyman, was with the co on the Atl campn, until wounded near New Hope Church, May 27, '64; mustered out with CO. Robinson, George W, discharged Oct 25, '62 ; disability. Robinson, Alexander, was with the co in all skirmishes and bat- tles, except S R ; mustered out with co. Russell, Dilworth, prom to Corp'l June 1, '64 ; in all the batt!f- except 8 R ; was then on detached duty ; mu-;t"d out with >•' 296 ABSTKACT OF EEC0Ilt)8. ; F-cb'18, '63, in hosp at Nashville, Tenn. ,, wounded at Chga, Sept 19, '63; dischargee. ;w aisal-i«d, i)ee'13, '64.' ■ •' ■ ■'■" r-'. vtrr. Jsr.^.3S P, prom to Corp'l Dec 34-, .'eg ; in the battles of ' L ■■:. h r :^ Pk. and on'>Atl Campn; oh duty atCorps Hd'qrs t „..i /. ; = i ; i-i until mustered out with the CO. Slambaugb, e/acob, di.~>chaTged at Gallatin, Tenn., Jan. 80, St-i?pbaugh, Samutl, prom to Corp'l Dec 24j '63, to Sergt N; ;a all the battles the Regt. engaged in except' Frac- ■ "-n furlough; mustered out with co. • ; A, killed in battle of SR Dec. SI, 'G2. Grave ^..1. • bert, wounded at S R Dec. 31, '62; died of woun i ■■>. on the Atl camp'n ; sent to hosp Nov, ' . i 865 at home, On furlough. ■ '"■' !. sr T.' ounded severely at S. R, ,, , ..,.,...,_ . );y wound, Aug 10, 1863. ., Ebenezer, wounded at S. B. Dec 31, 1862; in all th: i and skirmishes in which the Regt ciuiai-tJ, >:xcv\,' not able to march; mu^td out with co. ,, Samuel, wounded severely at Chga, Se. oi wound Oct 24, 1864, in hosp Chattanoo-rs. Vrddman, Abner G, Killed in battle of S R, O^ No. 8.' ■ • . Webster, Monroe, died Feb. '25,- 1 Yost, Samuel, dietl Novo, 1863, m hosp, ytuicrsct, Lty. Zuli, Caruthcrs, prom to Sergt Nov 1, 1862, to 1st Sergt I; isB'i; wounded at Chga Sept 19, 1863; in battles ot' ib. ix. .L. Mt. and M. R. On Atl campn until , May 28, 1864 ; di.s charged Nov 24, 1864. Zink, J»hn F, discharged Aprill, 1863, at hosp Cineinnati Ohio. fNiiled at Stone .River—John W. Miner, Geo. A. Murphy.Joh;: A. Sellers and A. G. Wildman,4. — Wounded, Scott, Knock, Har land. Miner, Bartholomew, FanGher.^^Grewell, Hughes, Mitchc-li, Shaddock, Waiters, Moore and Walker, 13. Died of woundy- llarland, Mitchell and Shaddock, 3. Killed at Chickamauga,- R. H. McClintork, Aaron Bartholomew and Augustus Miles, :■ AVounded—McClintock, Athorton, Beltord, Dobbins, Simp KMm and Walker, 6. Died of wounds, — Beli'onl, Dobbins an' . " ''^' indcd on Atlanta Campaign — Knock, Robinson Died of wounds— Knork, i. Killed by Shar; s ,' I .nrne Harland,— by accidental fall — J, P. McCama:; -•nded nccidentallv — Benj. Franklin. Total killed S. To .-,,,.,, .V, n.- ^r^f „-ounds 7. CHAPTER IV. COMPANY C. — ORIGINAL ?*IUHTER ROLL AND PERSONAL RECORD. William Ervin, Capt, was with co on Ky campn at S R Chea and on the At'l campn ; detailed as Topographical Enginec' of 3rd Brig, and on that duty was in battles of Franklin and Nashville; must'd out with Regt. Epaphroditus ,C. Coulson, 1st Lieut, was with co on Ky campn ; notatSR; dishonorably dismissed, March 11, '03 by order of Jfaj Gen Rosecrans, for disloyalty. William P Pearson, 2nd Lieut, with co on Ky campn ; resigned Feb 22, '63. William T Harris, 1st Sergt, reduced to the ranks Dec 5, 'tvi ; was severely wounded at S R Dec 31, '62 ; discharged ou account of wound, '03. John S Provine, Surgt, prom to 1st Sergt Dec 5, '62, on Ky campn; in the battles of S R, Chga, At'l campn, Franklin and Nashville; wounded at Chga, Sept 19, '63; must'd ci: ■ with co, June 8, '65. George F Yocum,lSergt, color sergt, with co on Ky campn and was killed bearing the Regt'l colors at S R, Deo 31, '62. John A Eyru, Sergt, on Ky campn ; in battle of S R ; died of chronic diarrhoea^ Jan 16, '04, while at home on furlough. "Villiam Pointer, sergt, appointed wagon-master, Sept 7, '62 reduced Nov 18, 62; dischgd Jan 29, '03. :';uiiel Wooley, Corp), prom to Sergt, Sept 7, '62; was in battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R, and At'l campn . until Aug 5, '64 ; wounded at Chga, Sept 19, '03, and again near Atlanta, Ga. Aug 5, '64, was at Nashville with ambulance train; must'd out with CO. Nilliara J Henslcy, Oorpl, died of disease, Dec 19. C2. !.7eorge D Hartford, Corpl, died of disease, -^m;^ "^5 '' 298 A13STEACT OF EECOEDS. Edward S Piper, Corpl, prom to Sergt, Apr 21, '63 ; was color bearer until his death; died of pueumonia, July 18, '63. Alexander Blackburn, Corpl, prom to Sergt, March 1, '63 ; to Hosp Steward, Nov 1, '64; with co at S R, Chga and At'l carapn, as Hosp Steward at Franklin and Nashville ; severely wounded at Chga, Sept 20, '63 ; must'd out withco. William Hampton, Corpl, crippled while on duty in camp at Nashville, Dec '62; discharged Apr 14, '63. Nathaniel Miller; Corpl, reduced June 23, '63 ; died May 22, '64. ■William H Daniels, Corpl, reduced Nov 18, '63 ; was in all the battles in which Regt was engaged except Chga ; must'd out with CO. PRIVATES. Adcock Joseph T, was in battle of S R ; died of congestion of the lungs, Jan 6, '03, at Genl Field Hosp, Stone River. Avery Daniel, was with the Regt in all the battlesand skirmishes in which it was engaged ; Wounded at S R ; must'd out with company. Broaddus Thomas, Transferred to 78th Ills Vols, Sept 20, '62 at Quincy, 111. Brooks Sherrod, died of disease, Nov 23, '62. Brooks Francis, died of disease, Dec 10, '62. Brown David, was in all the engagements in which the Regt took part except Nashville ; must'd out with co. Butcher Nelson, was on Ky campn and in battle S R ; wounded Dec 31, '62 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. Bowlin .John S, on Ky campn and in battle of Chga; wounded Sept 20, '63 ; discharged on account of wound, Feb 18, 'r>4. Campbell Alfred, was on Ky compn ; discharged Apr 25, '63 disability from disease. Cord William G, discharged Feb 17, '63; disability from dis- ease. Chapman William A, was in all the actions in which the Regt, engaged except L Mt and M R ; slightly wounded at S R ; must'd out with co. Champ Martin A, transferred to Marine Brig 1863. Draybring Henry, transferred to V R Corps, Oct 6, '63. Daily James 0, was in all the battles in which Regt engaged excepts R; must'd out with co. Daily Isaac AV, discharged Apr 23, '63; disability frorn disease. ErvinJes.se T, waswounde.d at Chga, Sept 19, '63, with co on At'l campn, at Franklin and Nashville ; must'd out with co. Foley William H, discharged Feb 26, '63 ; disabiliiy from dis- ease. Fairchild Benager, died of disease, June 28, '63, at Ho-sp. Ferguson Jackson V, died of disease, Feb 10, 63 at Benton Bar- RECORD OF COMPANY C. 299 racks, Mo. Fee Charles W, detailed in Brig Band, June 20, '63 ; must'd out with CO. Gleason "Washington M, wounded severely at S R, Dec -SI, '62 ; discharged, disabled by wound, July 30, '63. Hill James, discharged Feb 19, '63, at Hosp, Bowling Green, Ky. Harris John, was in all the actions in which the Regt took part except S R ; niust'd out with co. Hall Henry, transferred to Marine Brig, 1863. Herron Wesley C, prom Corpl Sept 1863, to Sergt Jan 15, '63; was with the Regt in all the battles ■ . 'd out with CO. Leeper Samuel, waa wiVfi .:;■! until iviihti ;>■ ' ' buried on the battlefield ; grave No. 1! Larkin Manvil, with CO at S R and Chga, \-,.';.\va i:i\ rtr: ■ ■ Chattanooga, Sept' 21, '6S, near Rossviik,Ga.' •• iVFallard Alexander, was with co at S R<; wounded Dec Si, :-. , did not afterwards return to go ; discharged, June:'25, '64. -lilier Jacob F, was on duty as teamster from Dec 13, '62, until must'd out with CO, June 8, '65. , ' ■ / .:: ;'. .. , ,; McNiff Thomas, was with theco in all the skir!nish<;.s. battles. &• . in which the Regt engaged ; must'd out With co. Mcl^oy Charles R, prom to Ord Sorgt at Quincv, lii . Com Sergt, Oct 26, '62 and Q:M Sergt, No"v 28, 't.2 ,■ wit.> always on dut}' and never F.bs?nt from the Renrt, except while on a 20 days furlough. Malone Joseph P, was wi:: , . &c, in which the Regt engngcu ; ru'.;;Uer(i:.; ont with co. MoOoy Barlow A, was with the co at S R,' and wounded Dec rsl, '62; returned to co June 24, '64 and was with it thu remainder of the Atl campn ; was in battles of Franklin, and Nashville; must'd out with co. > ' Miservy Vfilber 0, was with the co in all skirmishes and battles, excepts R; wounded 'at Chga, So;;' ir) HVo -^ mustered out with CO. .•'.;.. Medley Levi, mis.sing inaetion, Dec ' ', ro^i^iped from rolls as a deserter, Mar 8, '64. NighswangerWilliaiu J," deserted Oct 25, Xv:. Oldfteld Elias D, w;as .with CO at S R ; wcuuded 1 died of wounds Jan T, '63 in Hosp at Nashville. OldfiUd'RicihafcdMj waawitb.co iniibaftltsuf Ohga,,L.riIt, M. K, 306 ABSTRACT OF EECORBS. and until May 10, on Atl campn ; severely wounded May 10, 'tU, at Rocky Face; discharged ; disabled by wound, March 13, '65. Perry John J, was with co at S R and Chga ; taken prisoner Sept 20, '63 ; died in prison at Andersonville, Aug 1, '64. Parker Thoiuas J, was with co at S R, Chga and a few days on Atl campn j wounded at Chga Sept 20, '63, and again at Rocky Face, Ga, May 9, '64 ; transferred to Vet Res Corps, Oct 22, 1864. Pendleton James S, was probably with the co at S R ; was in- clined to ifhulk when an engagement was coming on ; was finally (Nov 25, '64,) sent to Hosp an^ never returned to co. Pendleton Thomas H, was with co at S R and Chga ; taken prisoner, Sept 20, '63, and died in Hosp June 15, '64 at Annapolis, Md, after being exchanged. Pendleton William B, discharged Dec 23, '62. Jordan Benjamin W, was with co at Chga and taken prisoner, Sept 20, '63 ; died at Andersonville, June 9, '64. Sprigg Thomas C, prom to Sergt, Nov 1, '62 ; was with co and severely wounded at S R) Dec 31, '62 ; discharged, disabled by wound, Apr 17, '63. Stinson Aaron, with co and severely wounded at S R, Dec 31, '62 ; discharged^ disabled by wound. Sept 14, '63. Stinson William, died of consumption, Dec 15, '62, at Nash- ville. Stinson John, was with co in all the skirmishes, battles, &c, in which the Regt engaged ; must'd out with co. Salisbury John, in Regt'lband; discharged Dec 17, '62. Twombly George W, was with the co in all the battles in which the Regt engaged, except S R ; was wounded at Lovejoy Sta, Sept 2, 64 ; must'd out with co. Thomas William J, discharged May 81, '63, at Nashville, dis- ability from disease. Noakes Hiram, detailed into Pioneer Corps, Dec 18, '62 ; died July 14, '64 of exhaustion, at Nashville, Tenn. ToUe Stephen O, was with the co in all the skirmishes, battles, &c, except Chga ; must'd out with co. ToUe John, discharged Feb 18, '68 at Hosp ; disability, from disease. Roach Stephen, was with co on Ky campn and ever afterwards in Hosp; died Jan 17, '64 in U S City Hosp, Chicago, 111. Riddle James, died of typhoid fever, Nov 30, '62, at Bowling- Green, Ky. Wisecup Jacob M. V, was with co on Ky campn and at S R ; mortally wounded Dec 31, '62; died Jan 4, '63 of wounds at Gen Field Hosp. Wheeler Ezra F, was in Hosp until transferred to Vet Res \ KECOKD OF COMPANY D. 3or Corps, Sept 1, '63. Weist Joseph, discharged Feb 13, 63 ; only Ky on campn. Franklin William, was with co on Ky campn and at S R ; was killed Dec 31, '62 ; buried on the field. Grave No. 18. Quinn.Geoige W, died of chronic diarrhoaa, March 4, '63. Bowers Isaac, transferred to Brigade band. May 19, '63. Davis James S, name not on original muster-in-roll ; was with CO in battles of Chga, L Mt, M R and Atl campn until June 3, '64 ; died July 5, '64, in Hosp, Chattanooga, Tenn. KUMMAKY OF CASUALTIES. Killed at Stone River — Samuel Leeper and William Franklin, 2. Wounded — Davis, Miller, Perry, Clayton, Furlong, Jones, Millard, McCoy, Oldfield, Sprigg, Stinson, Wisecup, 12. Died of wounds — Davis, Perry, Oldfield and Wi*cup, 4. Killed at Chickaraauga — David M Campbell and Manvil Larkin, 2. Wounded — Adams, Johnson, Miservy and Parker, 4. Died of wounds — Capt. Adams, 1. Wounded on Atlanta Campaign — Ray, Clark, Davis, Oldfield, Parker and Twombly, 6. Died of wounds — Sergt Ray. Total killed, 4, Wounded, 22. Died of wounds, &. CHAPTER \L RECORD. Myron G Tousley, Capt, commanded co in battles of Cliga, L Mt, aud M R ; detailed as commander of the Ambulance Corps, 4tli A C. Resigned June 3, '65. .' Hiram P Roberts, 1st Lieut, was with co and severely vronndadat S R, DecSl, 'C2; returned to co Apr 29, '63 ; prom to Chaplain, May 4 '63 ; was with the Regt very little and resigned Mar 19, '64. Henry V Lewis, 2nd Lieut, prom to 1st Lieut, May 4, '63; was witt, CO in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, MR and Atl campn until July 14, 1B4 ; on duty in Com Dopt until he resigned, Feb iiS, '65. Seymour S Slater, 1st SeF : must'd out with co. Os;carM Kay, Corpl, reduced Dec 20, '63; was with co on Atl cami! and in battles of Franklin and Nashville; detailed at H'd Qra Srd Brig, Jan 6, '65 ; must'd out with co. David Morris, Cornl, discharged — 1863, disability from disease. i.ynian Hancock, Corpl, was with co on Ky campn and at S R; died of disease Apr 18, '63, in Hosp at Murfrecsboro, Tenn. ■\>';::i;'!n M I'on-.vs <',,T-T-.l .liMcharired Jan — '63, disability from dje. EECORI) OF COMPANY E. 309 'ieiijiunin Liijhtle, Corpl, reduced Jan 1, '63; sent to IIosp Dee 20, '&i and never rejoined the CO ; (date of discharge unknown. ) PRIVATES. Abbott Thomas M, ])roni to Corpl, Jau 1, '(13, to Sersft Apr 27, ''J3 ; was with CO iu battles of S R, Chga, L Mt and M R ; detailed in Ambulance Corps, Apr 7, ' ("4-, on duty there till must'd out; slightly wounded at S R, Dec 31, '(;2. Abbott William T, died Nov 4, '02 in IIosp at Nashville, Tenn. Alexander Thomas, was with co in the battles of Chga, Atl caTnpn, Franklin and Nashville ; must'd out with co. Bagby Thomas M, was with co and wounded at S R, Dec 31, 't12 ; was with CO on Atl campn and iu battles of Franklin and Nashville, wounded iu battle of Nashville, Dec 16, '64; must'd out witJi co. ]5altzer Francis, discharjjied Mar 27, '(-'3, disability from disea.se. Bake)- Thomas \y, died Nov 9, '62 in llosp at Bowling Green, Ky. lilivens Samuel 1, died Oct 9, '62, in Hosp at Louisville, Ky. Browning Asa M, was Avith the co in all skirmishes, battles, &c, except S R; wounded in battle of Nashville, Dec 15, '64 by shell ; returned to CO Feb 7, '65; must'd out with co. Birdsall Abram, was on detached duty most of the term; orderly at Corps H'd Qrs ; must'd out with co. Burns Isaac W, sent to llosp, Louisville, Ky, Sept — 1SG2 ; is reported to have died on his way home. Blivens George A, discharged Feb 10, '63, disability from disease. Bartholemew James T, transferred to Marine Brig, March 9, '63. Carder John J, died Nov 6, '62 at Danville, Ky. Crawford Samuel M, was with co in battles of Chga, L Mt and M R ; transferred to Vet Res Corps, Jan ], '65. Chowuing John P, was with co at Chga, and taken prisoner Sept 20, '65; was more than a year at Andersouville ; escaped and returned to Regt; detailed as clerk until must'd out with co. Curnieuy Albert, deserted Nov 20, '62. Cheshier Jacob W, discharged May 4, '63 ; disability from disease. Couaway John, was with co ou Ky campn and at S R ; transferred to Vet Res Corps, March 18, '64. Davis David, was with co on Ky campn and at S R ; wounded Jan 2, 63, and died of wounds Jan — '63 in Hosp. Davis Hiram, was with the co on all campns and iu all battles, &c, in which the Regt engaged ; must'd out with co. Decker William, was with the co in all battles and skirmishes and on all campns ; must'd out with co. Dorf Levi M, was with the co in all the skirmishes and battles and ou all campns ; must'd out with co. Eels Samuel, was with the co on Ky campn and in battles of S R and Ch^a ; wounded at Chga, Sent 20, '63 ; died of wounds Oct 3, '63. Fox David, was with co in battle of Chga ; taken prisoner Sept 20, ex- changed — 1S64; must'd out with co. Getz Samuel, was on duty as a teamster nearly the whole term; must'd out with CO. Hedges Robert W, was with co in all the battles, &c, until Au^ 25, '64 ; detailed as orderly at Regtl H'd Qrs and on that duty until must'd out with CO. Hoffman William H, discharged 1863, disability from disease. Hunter John, discharged Fei) 15, 'G3, disability from disease. 310 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. Henderson Charles, died Not 28, '<)2, iu camp near Nashville, Teuu. Hofl'man David S, was with co in the battles of S R and Chj>'a ; was with the CO on At! campn until June 7, 'charged Apr 27, '63, disability from disease. Lock Hamilton A, discharged — 1863. Lock Newton B, was with the co in all the campns and in all the battles iu which the Regt engaged ; must'd oat with co. Lyons Christaplier, promto Corpl Jan 1, '65 ; was with co iu all battles kc, except S R; must'd out witli co. Lewis Loven, was with the co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R, Frank- lin, Nashville and on Atl camp until Aug 19, '64 ; -wounded Aug 19, '64 in front of Atl ; must'd out with co. Malone Stephen A, was with the co in aljr the battles, skirmishes, &c, wounded at S R, Jan 2, '63 ; must'd out with co. McOrmbeo David, discharged Aug 3, '63 to take position of Hospital Steward in the U S Regular Army. McRay Martin V li, wasVith the company at the battles of Chga, L Mt and M R; sent to Hosp Mar 24, "'64; rejoined the co June 1, '65; must'd out with co. Merritt Martin, was with co in battles of Franklin and Nashville ; iu Hosp or on detached duly most of the term ;' mustered out with tomi)auy. McDGrmott Thomas' A, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R and Atl campn until Aug 25, '64. Miller Dewitt C, detailed as clerk at H'd Qrs, Apr 11, '63. Monde Frederick, prom to Corpl, Jan 26, '64; was with the co in all battles, &c, in which the Regt engaged ; must'd out with co., Norton Benjamin F, detailed into Pioneer Corps Dec 10, '62; trans- ferred to Eii^^ineer and Mechanics Corps, Aug 1, '64. Oriu Leonard If, died Jan 23, '63, in Hosp Nashville, Tenn. Penny Zadoc, was with the co on all the campns, in all the battles, Ac, iu which the Regt engaged; must'd out with cc. Porter Albert B, discharged March 27, '63, disability from disease. Pond Joscpli S, was with the co on the Atl campn until wonnd'id, Aug 23, '64 in front of xVtl; must'd out with co. Poston William BM, was with the co in the battles otLovcjoy Station, Franklin and Nashville ; was iu Hosp during the first' half term ; must'd out with co. Plowman James, was with the co at Chga and wounded Sept 10, '63; KECORD OF COMPANY E. was with CO on Atl campu and in b.attle of Nashville; rlettiri ■; ... Ambulance Corjjs — 1804 ; niust'd out with co. Plowman Joshua, was with the co in the battles of Lorejo; >■?:■',::;, Franklin and Nashville ; must'd out with co. Robb Newton I, was with the co on the Atl campn aud !; Franklin and Nashville; missing Dec •2.'5, 'Gi. Stabler George M, discharged May 25, '65. Stabler Jarrett W, sent toTlosp l)ec 24, '62, did not return t- discharge not reported on co records. Sparks Henry H, was with the co in all the battles, &c, in w'- Regt engaged, except S R; must'd out with ct>. Schecter Luke, was with co at Chga, on tiie Atl campn and i.i liie battles of Franklin and Nashville ; wounded at Chga Sept 20, '63; must'd out with co. Shepherd John A, died Dec 19, 'G'2, in Hosp, Nashville, Tenn. Shepherd Warren M, was with the co on all campns and in all battles, &c, except Franklin ; must'd out with co. Simpson G/eorge W, was with co in all engagements except S R and Chga; must'd out with co. Smith John H, was with the co in all battles, &c, except S R, L Mt, and MR; wounded at Chga Sept 19, '63; Had not recovered from -!i;wound when L Mt and M R was tought ; must'd out withco. >pitler Israel, died Jan 25, '63, in Hosp at Nashville, Tenn. i-tone Philander 0, was with co in all skirmishes, battles, Ac, except S R ; must'd out with the co. Sherman Alfred, was with the co on Ky campn and at S R ; wounded Dec 31, '62 and died of wounds Jan — '63, Taylor Benjamin F, was with the co in all engagements, &c, except on July 4, '64 ; must'd out with co. Tillson Vi'illiam H, was with co-at Chga ; taken prisoner Sept 20, '03 ; exchanged and discharged by order Sec'y of War. Thompson George W, discharged Dec — 1S62. Wag}- Phillip, discharged Apr 18, '63, disability from disease. Wells William H, with co on the Ky campn ; sent to Hosp Dec 2S, '62, and did not return ; discharge not reported on co books. Wilson Gerge W, died Oct 8, ^62 in Hosp. Wirth Jacob, was with co on Ky campn and at S R ; wounded Dec 31,. '62 and died oi wounds Jan 7, '63, at Gen Field Hosp. Whitcomb Martin, detailed into Pioneer Corps Dec 31, '62 ; trans- ferred to Engineer Corps Aug 1, '64. Young Robert C, was detailed in Regtl band and with the Regt the entire term except from June 27, to Oct 31, '04; must'd out with CO. . Groat James E, was with the Regtl band the entire term; was taken prisoner Dec 31, '62; exchanged in June— '63, a good stretcher bearer; mu.st'd out with co. SmiMARY OF CASUALTllvS. Wounded at Stone River — Roberts, Slater, Wilis, Abbott, i;..,^:.. Davis, Lightle, Malone, Sherman and Wirth, 10. Died of vv-ounds— S. S. Slater, David Davis, Alfred Sherman and Jacob Wirth, 1. Wounded at Chickamauga — Roeschlaub, Eels, Hutchins, Plowman, Schecter, Gray and Smith, 7. Died of wounds — Samuel Eels, ] Wounded on Atlanta Campaign — Lewis and Pond, 2, Wcuulou ,i: Nashville — Bagley and Brov/ning, 2. Accidently killed ' ' David S Hoti'inan, 1. Total v.-ounded 21. Died of wounds. 5 K>'!^.1. ) CHxVPTER ViL COMPANY F. — ORIGINAL MUSTER EOLL AND PEESONAL EECOED. Caleb B Cox, prom to Maj Aug 20, '63; was in ail the battles in which the Regt engaged, and on all inarches except the reconnois ance of Dalton ; slightly wounded at Chga, Sept 2li, 't>3 aud again July 4, '64 on the Atl campii ; must'd out with Regt. ■Joseph Nelson, 1st Lieut, prom to Capt Aug 20, '63 ; was acting Q M from Nov 18, '62 to Jan 1, '63; was in , battles of Chga, L" M ami M R; resigned Dec 15, '63. Samuel Frost, 2nd Lieut, was with the co on Atl campn and in battle of S R; severely wounded Dec 31, '62; honorably discharged, dis abled by wound Sept — 1863. Rhoads RDilworth, 1st Sergt, prom to 1st Lieut Sept 24, '62 and to Capt March 4, '64; was in all the battles aud skirmishes in which the Regt eugaged; must'd out with co ; died Sept 31, '65. Stephen Bogue, Sergt, discharged Jan 8, '63, disabled by injury pre- vious to enlistment. Joseph M Moore, Sergt, was with co in battle of S H, detailed into Signal Corps, Jan 25, '63; transferred to Vet Res Corps Sept 1, 1863. William B Wright, Sergt, prom to Commissarj'- Sergt, Dec 1, '62 ; was with the Regt at all times, on all campns ready to issue "hard-tack" &c, when needed, ("old B," a general favorite of the whole Regt.) must'd out with co. Frank W Ross, Sergt, prom to 1st Sergt Sept 24, '63, to 1st Lieut April 4, 'f4; was with the Regt in all battles^, &c, except Nash- ville aud Franklin ; must'd out with co. Sh Elwell, Corpl, with co on Ky campn and at S R; killed Dec 31, '62 and buried on the battlefield. Grave No 21. Dilwortb W Litchfield, Corpl, was with co on Ky campn and at S R; wounded Dec 31, '62 and died of wovnds Jan 13, '63. Robot M Miller, Corpi, prom to Sergt Feb 26, '63 ; wounded at S R, Dec 31, '63; discharged, disabled by wound, Dec lo, '63, rnscjih Price, Corj)l, prom to Sergt Mar 4, '64; was with the co in •ill haitles, skirmishes, Ac, in wliich the Regt engaged; must'd '>n' v/iiii the CO. ■V'llir, ]•'■. 's.r,:. r-ri,l. d!.Iay 1, '04 ; was with co until May 30, '04 ; slightly wounded near New Hope Church May 30, '04 ; was killed Sept )'■ '' ' by railroad accident near Kingston, Ga. Nebergall Ilcuben J, was discharged Feb 17, '02 from Ho .; McConnell George W^ was with the co in the battles of Chg;.. Mt, M R and on Ati camjin until Aug 25, '04; detailcl :; Hosp Aug 25, '04, and was on duty iliere until discha : • . with CO. Nebergall Balser P, was with the co in all battles, &c, except S R ; must'd out witli co. Porter Abel K, was in Hosp most of the time until, transferred to the Marine service, June 18, '04. Pnrnell Joseph, was with the co on the Ky campn and in the battle of S R ; where he was injured by the bursting of a shell near his head ; discharged Apr 10, '03, disabled Ijy loss of hearing. Porter Eben F, left at Louisville, Oct 1, '02 ; never returned to co ; dropped from the rolls as a deserter June 22, '04. Pollock Henry C, v,-as with the co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, and ;\[ R ; died Feb 22, '04 of measles at Cleveland, Tenn, Parrish Asbury, sent to convalescent camp Dec 2(), '02 and ^ever afterwards returned to co ; dropped from rolls as a deserter. Ree.se Jacob, sent to Hosp or conv camp Dec 20, '02; died Feb 10, '03 in Hosp Louisville, Ky. Renncr Ephriam, prom to Corpl May 4, '03 to Sergt July 1 , ' 04; with the CO on all campus and in all battles and skirmishes; must'd out with co. Rowland Thomas R, was with the co on the Ky campn ; was in the battle of S R and with co until Aug 11, '03 ; died Aug I'J, '03 in Hosp Nashville, Tenn. Seaburn George, detailed as teamster on Ky campn ; sent to Hosp Apr 25, '03 ; transferred to A'etRcs Corps, July 1, '03. Sexton James, was with the co on Ky campn ; sent to conv camp Dec 20, '02 ; discharged Mar 4, '03, disabled by dis- ease. :!iaffer Lemuel J, was left sick at Qnincy, HI, Sept 23, 'G2 ; died 316 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. Nov 10, '62 of typhoid fever, at homo. Shaw William, was with co on Ky campn and at S R ; missing in action Dec 31, '62 and never atterwards heard from ; was probably killed on the field. Sloan John F, was rt'ith the co in the battles of S R, Chga, L and M R ; on account of lameness was detailed as a teamster; and was on duty as such until must'd out with co. Shaffer John, prom to Corp Sept 24, '63 ; was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R ; lost his voice from the effects of measles Feb 1864, and remained on duty in Hospi- tals until must'd out with co. Swearingen Martin, prom to Sergt Mar 14, '64 ; was with the CO in all the actions in which the Regt was engaged ; wounded at S R Dec 31, 62 ; must'd out with co. Swearingeri George, fwas with the co in all battles, &c, except S R; must'd out with co. Thomas John, was with the co in all the battles in which the Regt engaged except S R ; detailed at Div II'dQrs Jan 11, '65; on that duty until must'd out with co. Thomas William A, was with the co on Ky campn and at S R ; slightly wounded Dec 31, '62 ; on duty as teamster from Jau '63 until must'd out with the co. Turner Thomas B, was with CO until wounded at S R, Dec 31, '62, discharged May 4, '63, disabled by wound. Walker, Amos, was with co in all sku-mishes & battles ex- cept Chga, Was on duty as teamster at that time, mustd out with CO. Wetzel, Christopher, was with the co in all battles except S R. mustd out with co. Walroath, Abram, was in hosptl most of his time, was with CO onl}' on Atl campn. Price, Orville B, name not on original muster roll, with co on Ky campn, dischg Feb 6,1863. Easley, Oscar, name not on original muster roll, detid into nioneer corps Nov 18, 1862, transfcri'ed to Eng corps Aug 3 1864. Van Stcinburg, Joseph E, name not on original muster roll wa.s not with co on Atl campn, was in all battles except on that campn, mustd out will! co. SUMMARY OF CASUALTIES. Killed fit Stone Kiver— Eli Elvvell, William Walker, Vachel Buson, Christopher Enders and William Shaw — .5. Wounded, Frost, Litchtleld, Miller, Clark, Foster, Knock, Purnell, Swearin- gen, Thomas und Turner, — 10. Died of wounds, — Litchfield, — 1. Killed at Chickamauga, — John Adams, —1. Wounded, RECORD 01^^ C(LMPANY F. 317 Cox, Kinnie, r3oet:)ler, Fiierson, Ilarlockcr, Glimpse, Kerr, C. T. Knock and G. W. Kerr, — 9. Died of Wounds, — Kinnie, Glimpse, Ki and George N. Kerr, — 8. "Wounded on A'.lanta campaign,- C. B. Cox, Rufiis Cox, France and Nunainakcr, — 4. Accident- ally killed, — J. W. Nunaniaker, — 1. Total. — Killed, V, wound- ed, 23, died of wounds, 4. CHAPTER YIIL COMPANY G. — ORIGINAL :\rUSTER ROLL ANr3 PERSONAL RECORD. Frederick Gr.rternic-ht, Capt., was in coinmfinfl of his co in the battles of S 11, Chga, of Atl campn and Franklin ; mustered out with CO. AVilliam IT. Fuller, 1st Lieut., was with the co on Ky campn, and in the battle of S R ; detailed into Signal Corps, Jan '63; resigned, May G, '64. llusseil AV. Caswell, 2nd Lieut, prom to Adjt, Nov 15, 'G3 ; was with CO in battle of vS R ; act'g Adjt at Chga; Adjt in battles of L Mt, M R, of Atl cainpn and Franklin ; severely wounded at Franklin, Nov 30, '04, mustered out with Regiment. Edward Ray, 1st Sergt, was with co on Ky campn ; discharged Feb 5, '62, disabled bj* disease. F. Maiion Jamison, Sergt, with co on Ky campn; discharged Feb 11, '63, disabled by disease. W. H. Carr, Sergt, was transferred to the Marine service, JJar 2, '63. A. T. McDill, Sergt, prom to 1st Sergt, Feb 6. '63 ; reduced t<> ranks, July 14, '64; prom to Sergt, Jan 23, '05; was in all the battles in wh;ch the Regt was engaged ; was wounded on Atl campn ; mustered out with co. Levi P. Wilkinson, Sergt, died June 3, '63, of disease. J. A. Coburn, Corpl, died Jan 10, '63, of disease. Benjamin Pierce, Corpl, was with co in the skirmish near S R, and killed Dec 31, '62, at S R, grave No 5. AVillian IL Ryason, Corpl, was discharged Jan 27, '63. Julius 0. Randall, Corpl, prom to Sergt Jan 1, '68; was with CO in the battles of S R, Chga and on Atl cainpn, until wounded, June 10, '64; mustered out with co. Charles Spanier, Corpl, was with co ni the battle of S R, and RECORD OF CO:^IPANY G. 319 killed Dec 31, '02 ; buried on the field, grave No G. William Vanderburg, Corpl, reduced July 1-i, '03 ; was with the Regt in all the battles in which it was engaged ; mustered out with CO. Malachi/W. Titus, Corpl, was with co and wounded in the battle of Chga, Sept 19, '03 ; discharged on account of wound, May 14, '64. Charles W. Green, Corpl, was with co and severely wounded at S R. Dec 31, '62 ; discharged July 8, '63, disabled by wound. Alexander, D M, was with co on the reconnoisance of Rocky Face, on the Atl campn, and in battle of Chga; sent to hosp Aug '04, and discharged from hosp about -June 1, '65. Armstrong, Thomas, dischg'd April 14, '03, disabled by disease. Augustus, Peter, was in the skirmish near S R, in the battles of L Mt, M R and on the Alt campn until wounded June '64 ; died of wound Jul}' 11, '04. Beck, Alexander, prom to Corpl, July 13, '04; was with co and wounded in battle of S R Dec 31, '02; was transferred to V R Corps and at his own request returned to co; with co on the Atl campn ; mustered out with co. Biggs, Thomas, died Jan 31, '03; of measles in hosp at Nashville. Camp, Ezra L, prom to Corpl, Jan 1, '08, to Sergt March 1, '03 ; was with CO in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, il R and on Atl campn, until Juno 22, '04; wounded at Chga Sept l\), '03; killed June 22, '64, near Kenesaw Mountain. Casteel, Jeremiah V, was v»ith co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R. and on Atl campn, until June ID, '04; wounded June ID, '04, and discharged on account of wound. Craig, Thomas S., discharged Oct. 13, '03, at Louisville, Ky. Carll, Albert, was with the co. in the battles of L M, M R and the Atl Campn; was generally on detail, mustered out with co. Caldwell, George VV., was with co and wounded in the battle of Chga; wounded Sept. 19, 03; died of wounds Oct. 11, '03. Clark, Francis, detailed as Regt'l Bugler and with Regt all the time after the battle of S R ; mustered out with co. Craig, James, was never in battle ; transferred to V R Corps Jan 2, '04. Curtis, John G, was with co and wounded in the battle of S R, Dec 31, '02; died of wounds Jan 29, '63. Crandall, LaFayette, was with co in all the battles, &,c, in which the Regt was engaged ; was wounded and taken prisoner at S R, Dec 31, '02 ; mustered out with co. phippe, Richard, died Nov 2U, '62. Chard, Benjamin, was with co in all the battles, &c, until wound- ed June 19, '04, on the Atl campn near Kenes vw ; mustered out with ro. Drummond, Americus Y, proui to Corpl, Nov 2, '63, to Sergt ..20 ABSTEACT OF EECOEDS. July 15, 'G-i ; reduced Jan 15, 'G5 ; was in all the battles, &c, in which the Regt was engaged; mustered out with co. )uvall, William M, was with co and wounded in the battle of Chga, Sept 19, '68; died of wounds received at Chickamauga. )avis, George D, died Jan IS, '63, of measles inhosp, Nashville. >avcnport, Samuel M, prom to Corpl March 2, '63, toSergt July 15, '64 ; was with co in all the skirmishes and battles in which the Regt was engaged ; mustered put with co. Jollman, Enos F. , prom to Corpl Feb. 8, 'G-l; was with co in the battle of Chga and on the Atl campn until June 28, '64; was in the battle of Nashville Dec. 15 and 16, '64; mustered out with CO. i^verett, Robert, was detailed as blacksmith, on duty at Corps Hdq'rs most of the time, mustered out with co. Cverett, James, was with co in the battles of L Mt, M R and Atl catrip; wounded at Lovejoy Station Sept. 2, 62, mustered out with the company. Feldmann, Charles, transferred to V R Corps Sept. V, '63. Uawn, Thomas, was with co in all battles &c. except L Mt and MR; wounded on the Atl campn '64, mustered out with the CO. Ciordon, George W., was with co in the battle of S R and killed Dec. 31, '62; buried on the field, grave No. 4. Goody, Fleming, prom to Corp'l July 19, 63; was with co and v.ounded at Chga Sept. 19, '63, died from effect of wound Nov 11, '63. Graham, John M., prom to Corp'l Feb. 5, '63, to Sergt. Nov 2, '()4, to 1st Sergt July 15, '64; was with co in all skirmishes and battles in which it engaged; wounded Sept. 1, '64, mus- tered out with CO. laines, John V>'., in IIosp until discharged Nov. 3, '64. loskinson, Albert, was wounded in the skirmish approaching S R Dec. 30, '62, died of wounds Jan. 10, '63. less, Joseph, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R and Atl camp until June 19, 'G4; discharged— disabled by wound. !uss, John S, was with the co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, ^[ R, and rcconnoisanco of Rocky Face; in llospl from March'64 to May '65; returned to and mustered out with co. !Iiler, John, was on detail as teamster most of the time, in ranks on part of the Atl camp; mustered out with co. ;iens!ey, John, was with co in the battle of S R and taken pris- oner; was wounded 'in battle of Chga; was with co on Atl camp until killed, June 19, 64, near Kenesaw. Harrington, Charles C, was wilh co in all skirmishes and bat- tles except the latter part of the Atl camp; wounded June 19, '64, mustered out with co. BECORD OF COj\IPANY G. ;321 lloward, David, was with co in all the battles in which the llegt engaged, except S R, mustered out with co. Hess. Henry, was with co in the battle of Chga and taken pris- oner; died at Andersonville June 27, CA. Hanuon, Albert H., discharged June 13, '03. Kelly, Reuben W., was with co in the battle of S Rand wounded Dec. 31, 'G2; transferred to the Marine Corps May 20, '63. Kaiser, Charles, prom to Corpl June 1, 63, to Sorgt Nov. 1 '03, to 1st Lieut July 1, 04; was with co in all the skirmishes and battles in which the Regt engaged, mustered out with co. Keys, George, was with co on the Atl campr^ and in the battle of Franklin; mustered out withco. Mitchell, Thomas J., deserted. Morningstar, Thomas J, was with co in the battle of Chga, Atl campn, Franklin and Nashville; mustered out with co. Morningstar, James, was with co in the battle.5 of Chga, L Mt, M R, the Atl campn, Franklm and Nashville'; mustered out with CO. ■ "^w Mekemson, William R, wasnot in battle, sent to hosp May, '63 ; transferred to V R Corps. Matthews, Rodolph, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt and MR. detailed as Adjt's clerk, and with Regt on Atl campn, at Franklin and Nashville, mustered out with co. Myers, George W, discharged Dec 20, '02, disabled by disease. McDill, John H, discharged Jan 30, '63, at Gallatin, Tenn. McDill, James C, prom to Corpl Feb 5, '03 ; was with co in the battles of S R, Chga and on the Atl campn, until June 19, '03; wounded at Chga, Sept 2, '03, and near Kenesaw Mountain, '"' June ly, '64; died of wounds June 20, '04. l\IcDi]l, David H, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt M R and on the Atl campn. McPheeters, James E. H., discharged Nov. 19, '03; disabled Nelk, Casper, was never in battle; mustered out with co. Nott, Henry P., was with co on Atl campn and in the battle of Franklin; mustered out with co. Nicholas, Henry, was with co in the battle of Chga and wounded Sept. 19, '63, with co on the Atl campn until Juno 13, '64, transferred to V R Corps Oct. 7. '04. Olmstead, Newton H., discharged Oct. 19, '62 at Hospl Quincy, 111. 5-*eck, Charles, prom to Corpl July 15, '04; was with co in all the .skirmishes and battles in which the Regt engaged, mustered out with CO. Pinkerton, William R., was with co and severclj' wounded in the battle of S R Deo 31, '62; died of wounds Jan. 0, '03. Pinkerton, Thomas, died of disease Feb. 25, '03. 322 ABSTRACT OF RECOEDS. Peterson, Peter, prora to Corpl Jan. 1, '04, and to Scrgfc July 14 '6-i; was with co in all the battles &c in which the Regt en- gaged except S R, mustered oufe with co. Parriott, Richard, was with the co and mortally wounded in the battle of S R, Dec SI, .'62 ; diet! of wounds Jan 2, 'G3. Reynolds, William, was with coin the battle of Chga, and killed on the field, Sept 20, '63. Rose, Orson, Died Nov 11, '62, of chronic diarrhoea .in hosp Louisville, Ky. Rapalee, Daniel W, discharged Feb 25, '63, disabled by disease. Ransom, licwis, in the Band ; transf'd toBrig Band May 20, 'G3. Sullivan, Thomas, discharged Dec 15, '63, disabled by disease. Sullivan, John, was with co in all battles, &e, except S R ; wounded in the battle of Nashville, Dec 1, '64, mustered out with CO. Schmidt, John, was left sick in hosp at Quincy, Sept 23, '62, never rejoined the co ; transfered to V R Corps, Jan 3, "04, Smith, Benjamin F, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt and M R; died of disease Jan 12, '64. Spence, Samuel L, died Nov. 12, '62, in hosp Somerset, Ky. Shull, William, transferred to VR Corps Aug 28, '63. Titus, Giles F, was with co and wounded in the battle of Chga, Sept 20, '63 ; transferred to V R Corps April 10, '64. Tompkins, George W, was with co and severely wounded at S R Dec 31, '62, died of wound Jan 12, '63, in hospital. Ward, Caleb M, was detailed in Pioneer Corps Oct 18, '62 ; was in the battle of S R, transferred to V R Corps, April 10, '64. Wyckoft', Perry, was with co in the battles of S R and Chga; wounded at Chga, Sept 20, ,03, discharged Jan y, '64, disabled by wounds. SUMMARY OF CASUALTIES. Killed in the battle of Stone River — Benjamin Pierce, George W. Gordon and Charles Spanier. 3. Wounded — Green, Beck, Curtis, Crandall, Hoskinson, Pinkerton, Parriott, Tompkins and Kelley, 9. Died of Wounds — Curtis, Hoskinson, Pinkerton, P.irriott and Tompkins, 5. Killed in the battle of Chickamauga — ^Villiam Reynolds, 1. Wounded- -Titus, Camp, Caldwell, Duvall, Goud}^ Ilenslcy, iVIcDill, Nicholas, G. J. Titus and Per- ry Wyckoff, 10. Died of Wounds— Caldwell, Duvall, Goudy, 3. Killed on the Atlanta Campaign — Ezra L. Camp and John Ileu- .-■Icy, 2. \younded— A. T. iMcDill, Randall, Augustus, Chard, Gawn, Everett, Harrington, Jas. W. JIcDill, Hess, Graham and Casteel, 11. Died of wounds — Augustus and James W. McDill, 2.^ Wounded in the battle of Franklin— Adj't R. W. Caswell, 1. Wounded in the battle of Nashville— John Sullivan,]. Total killed 6; wounded, 32; died of wound?, 10. CHAPTER IX. €O.A[PANY ir. — UKIGINAL MUSTEK KOLL AND PERSONAL KEC'OIID. Jolin C Pepper, Capt, was in comtufind of the co on Ky camp and in baltic of 6 E, and slightly wounded Dec. 31, '62; dis- missed from service July 22, '63, was subsequently reinstated and honorably discharged. Luther T. Ball, 1st Lieut, was with CO on Ky campn, and was killed in battle of S 11 Dec. 81, 01; was buried on the field. Henry E. Abercronibie, 2nd Lieut, was with coon Ky campn and killed in the battle of S R Dec. 31, '02, buried on the field. Andrew J Ilellings, 1st Sergt, was with co on Ky campn and killed in the battle of S R Dec. 31, '02, buried near Hospital. John M. Weidner, Seigt, was with co on the Ky campn and killed in the battle of S R Dec. 31, '02, buried on the iield, Grave No. 12. Harrison R West, Sergt, was with co in the battle of S R, Chga, L Mtand M R; sent to Hospl April '01; discharged Sept, 27, '04 at Quincy, Hlinois, disabled by disease. J R Johnson, Seigt, was wounded near Salt River Ky Oct. 3, '62; returned to co Jan. 14, '63; reduced to ranks while absent was with co in all battles &c except S R, mustered outwithco. William W McCandks.s, Sergt, was with co on Ky campn and severely wounded at S R Dec. 31, '02; had his leg amputated and died from effects of wound Jan. '63 at Field Hospital. Almon Wilbur, Gorpl, prom to Sergt Oct. 1, '62, died April 1, '63 in Hospital No. 4, Murfresboro, Tenn. Eli Detwiler, Corpl prom to Sergt, Oct 1, '04 ; was with co in all battles, &c, in which the Regt was engaged, except the battle of Nashville ; was wounded at S R, Dec 31, '02 ; was sent to hosp Dec 14, '04, and discharged May '05. George Dougherty, Corp!, prom to Sergt, Jan 1, '03; was with 324 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. CO in all the battles in which the Regt ',vas engaged, except on the latter portion of the Atl canipn ; wounded June 27, '04, near Kenesaw Mountain, mustered out with co. Jasper N. "White, Corpl, prom to 2nd Lieut, Jan 1, '03, to 1st Jjieut March 4, 'G4; was with the co in the battlesof SR, Franklin. and Nashville, and part of the Atl campn; was ■wounded at S 11, Dec 31, '62, and near Reseca, May 14, '64 ; mustered out with co. Jasper J. Kidwell, Corpl, was with co on the Ky campn, and killed in the battle of S R, Dec 31, '62 ; buried on the tield, grave No. 11. Austin Green, Corpl, was with co on the Ky campn ; sent to hosp Dec 22, '02, and never returned toco; reduced Feb 1,'63; discharged May 20, '64, at Nashville, Tenn. PJUVATES. Ails, John C, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt and M R ; discharged. Baliein, Joseph, was with co and wounded at S R, Dec 31, '62 ; was again wounded May 9, '64, near Rocky Face, Ga, and killed Oct 30, '64, by R R collision in Indiana. Boggess, William H, was with co and wounded m the battle of S R, Dec 31, '02, and again in the battle of Chga, Sept I'J, '63; discharged May 18, '64, disabled by wounds. Brown, Joshua 11, prom to Corpl Jan 1, '63; was with co in' all the battles, &e, in which the Regt was engaged ; was wound- ed at S R, Dec 31, '62 ; mustered out with co. Brown, Benjamin L, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R, and on the Atl campn, until May 19, '64; discharged April 18, '05, at hosp Chicago, 111. .Brown. Hugh VV, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt and Nashville ; was on duty at Chattanooga from March to Dec, '64; mustered out with co. BeKtley, John E, prom to 1st Sergt Jan 1, '63 ; was with co in all the battles, &c, except Franklin and Nashville; mustered out with CO. Cromle}', John A, discharged Feb 12, '63, at hosp Nashville. Carroll, John, was with co in all skirmishes and battles in which the Regt was engaged ; mustered out with co. Calhoun, Alexander, was with co in all battles, &c, in which the Regt was engaged, except S R ; mustered out with co. Calhoun, Samuel C, was with co in all battles, &c, in which the Regt was engaged, except S R ; mustered out with co. Conway, Michael, died Dec 1"J, '62, in hosp Nashville, Tenn. Cyvall, Edgar,D W, was on detail as a mechanic (wheel-wright) most of the time ; mustered out with co. PtECOED OF C03IPANY ]]. 325 »)ann, Uriah, sent tohospNov 1, '62, and was never heard from afterward; dropped from rolls as a deserter. E)ehaven, Garrett, was with co and severely wounded at S R Dec 01, '62 ; discharged on account of wounds, April 8, '64. Dorrity, John, wa.s with co in all the hattles, &c, in which the Regt was engp.<:;e;l ; mustered out with co. 'niUey John W, was with co in all the battles in which the Regt was engaged except S R anj part of the Atl campn, mustered out with CO. Diesch John, detailed in Pioneer Corps Oct. 18, '62; wounded at SRDec. 31, '62; had his leg amputated and died of wounds Jan. 9, '63. Fuller William, was with co and wounded in the battle of S R Dec. 31, '62, with co on Atl campn and in the battle of Fraiik- Hn and Nashville, mustered out with co. Guest Alonzo, died Nov. 17, '62, in IIospl Bowling Green, Ky. Gillespie John II, was with co at Chga, taken prisoner Sept. 20, ,, . '63; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug, 9, '64. Glidden Clark C, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R and on the All campn until j\Iay 14, '64; wounded near Re- seca, Ga., May 14, '64; transfered to V R Corps Feb. 13, '64. ' iailaher John, was 'AJth co in ;iJl battles &c in which the Regt cngr.ged except on the Atl campn from May 19 to Aug. 9, '64; mustered out with co. Gilrain Jchn, was with co in all the battles &c in which the Regt engaged; was wounded atS R Dec. 31, '62, mustered out with co llolden John, was with co in the battles of L Mt, M R and on the Atl campn until May 10, '64; was in Hospitals more than half of the term, discharged May '65. Harvey Antis, was not with co in action; discharged Nov. 19, '63, Haney George M, transferred to V R Corps Aug. 1, '63. tloovcr Joseph, detailed in Signal Corps April Is, '63; transfered to same Nov. 2, '63. llendley Hiram, v/as with co in all the skirmishes and battles in which the Regl was engaged; wounded at Chga Sept. 10, '63, and again near New Hope Church May 30, '64, mustered out wiih CO. Isbell Collins W, was with co at all times during the whole term but did not generally serve in the ranks, mustered out with co. Johnson William F, prom to Sergt Jan. 2, '63; was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R and on the Atl campn until wounded May 30, 'M; had his leg amputated June 7, '64 discharged, disabled by loss of leg. Jones Stokely M, was not with co after Oct, 1, '62; discharged Jan. 20, '63 at Bowling Green, Ky. 5\ilo Avery !■]► was with co in the battles of S R, the Atl cam^.a 326 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. after July 20, '64, Franklin and Nashville, mustd out with co, Kamp Frederick, died Nov. 4, '62 in Hospl at Danville, Ky. Keira Frederick, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, and M R, discharged April 20, '64. Kile Bigelow, was with co and killed in the battle of S R Dec. 31, '62, buried on the Field, Grave No. 9. Keinston Alonzo F, discharged Jan. 27, '63 at Hospl. Kile Archibald C, transferred to V R Corps Aug. 15, '63. Kile Elijah N, was with co in the battles of Chga, Franklin and Nashville; was wounded Sept. 19, '63, mustered out with co, Lipton William, was with co in the battle of S R and kiiled Dec. 31, '62. Lucas, Frank, was with co in all skirmishes and battles in which the Regt was engaged ; mustered out with co. Little, Edward, was detailed into Pioneer Corps, Nov 17, '62;j transferred to Eng Corps, July 20, '64. McCallock, Matthew R, was with co in the battles of Chga, L M M R. Franklin and Nashville, and on the All campn, until June 27, '64 ; mustered out with co. McManus, Lawrence, was with co and wounded at S R, Dec 31, '62 ; in the battles of L Mt, M R and on the Atl campn, until killed, June 16, '64, near Pine Mountain, Ga. McCarr, Josiah, was not Avith the co in any engagement ; dis- charged about June 1, '64, at Nashville. McFerren, George J, was with co in the battle of S R, and killed Dec 31, '63; buried on bottlefield. McFerren, John, was sent to hosp at Nashville, Dec 2, '62; never afterwards returned to the co ; discharged at E vansville, Ind., about June 1, '65. McDonald, John, detailed as ambulance driver from Dec 24, '63, until Dec '63; was with coon Atl campn, and in battles of Franklin and Nashville; mustered out with co. Moorehead, Andrew J, prom to Cor pi Feb 1, '64; was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, Atl campn, Franklin and Nashville ; mustered out with co. McLean, Peter, prom to 1st Lieut, Jan 1, '63, to Capt March 4, '64 ; was with co in all the battles in which the Regt was en- gaged ; was wounded at S R, Dec 31, '62 ; must'd out withco. Mack, Daniel, prom to Corpl, June '64 ; was with co and wound- ed in the battle of Chga, Sept 19, '63 ; was with co again on Atl campn, and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville ; mus- tered out with CO. Markee, John N, on duty in the ambulance train, and with the Div Q M, during the whole term ; mustered out with co. Miller, Thomas, was with co and wounded in the battle of S R, Dec 31, '62 ; discharged March 12, '63, on account of wound, irray, Thomas, was with co in all the battles, etc, in which the RECORD OF COMPANY H. 327 Hegtwas engaged, except on the Atl campn, from June 27, to Augt 12, '(1-4 ; mustered out with co. Myer, Adolphu.s F, was with co in all the engagements in which the Regt took part, except during latter part of the Atl campn; was wounded May 30, 'G4; near New Hope Church, Ga; mug- tered out with co. Odea, Thomas C, was with co and wounded in the battle of S R, Dec 31, '62; was ni hosp until mustered out May '65. Personius, Oliver R, died Dec IS, 'Go, in hosp Bowling (JreenjKy' Purdy, Elim, was not with^co from Dec 26, '62, until April 1, '61; with CO from April i, until wounded near Rocky Face, Ga., May 9, '64; discharged. Ross, James, was on detail aWay from the co from Dec '62, until July '64; with co on Atl campn after July 1-1, ,G1 ; wounded at Lovejoy Station, Ga., Sept 2, '6-4 ; mustered out with co. * Rothrock, Peter, died Jan 20, '65, in hosp Nashville, Tcnn. Reynolds, Peter, was with co in the battle of S R, ;i.nd on the Atl campn until June 29, '6-4; discharged at hospQaincy, '6.5. Shaw, William, was with co in battles of Chga, L Mt, M R, Love- joy Station and Nashville ; mustered out with co. Shaw, William 11,. prom to Sergt, April 1, '63; was witlrco in battles of Chga, Franklin, and Nashville, with the co on Atl campn until wounded, May 9, '63; mustered out with co. Smith, Solomon, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt and M R; wounded at M R Nov 26, '63; discharged Oct 20, '64, at Springfield, 111., disabled by wound. Spry, George W, was with co in battles of Chga, L Mt M R and part of Atl campn ; wounded at Chga. Sept 10, '68, at Rocky Face May 9, '64, and again near New Hope Church, June 10, 'fi4; discharged Feb 9, '65, at Davenport, Iowa, disabled by wound, ^'ullivan, Marion, was with co in the battles of S R and Chga ; wounded at S R Dec 31, '62, and at Chga Sept 19, '63; died of wounds Sept 24, '63. Sample, John L, was with co in all battles, etc, in which the Rett was engaged prior to Aug '64, when he was wounded in the siege of Atlanta ; discharged May '65, at Nashville. Spicer, Edgar L, was with co and severely wounded at S R, Dec 31, '62; died of wounds Jan 2?, '63, at Nashville, Tenn. Scott, James M, prom to Corpl Jan 1, '63 ; was with co in battles of S R and Chga; wounded at Chga Sept 20, '63 ; rejoined the co in Feb 'G5, and mustered out with co. Summers, John, was in hosp from Dec 26, '62, ut.til discharged Oct 9, '63. Smith, John, was with co in the battle of S R, and on Atl carapn until wounded near Pine Mountain June 16, '64; inustereil out with CO. 328 ABSTKACT OF EECORDS. Thompson, John, was discharged Oct 27, '62, at Louisville, Ey. Turacy, Mack, died Sept 27, '62, in hosp atQuinc}', Illinois. Wickiser Oscar, was on duty as teamster from Dec. '62 until March '64; with the co on the Atl campn until wounded near Pine Mt June 19, '64, mustered out with co. Wade Alfred, was with co in all the skirmishes, battles &c in which the Regt engaged, mustered out with co. Williams Lewis G, was with co in the battles of S R and Chga; wounded at Chga Sept. 20, '63, discharged March 1, '65. Warwick John M, was with co in the battle S R; detailed at D)7 Hd'qrs Nov. 23, '63; transferred to Corps Il'dqrs, mustered out with CO. Walter Charles C, prom to Corpl Feb. 1, '63; was with co in the battles of Chga, Franklin, Nashville and on the Atl campn, * mustered out with co. Walter David N, transferred to Marine Brigade June 1863. Williams Daniel, was with co in the battles of S R and Chga; was killed at Chga Sept. 19, '63. Welliver Henderson, was with co in the battle of 3 R and killed Dec. 31, '62, buried on the Field, Grave No. 10. Whan Francis, died Oct. '62 at home on furlough from Hospl. Whan Robert, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt,- M R and on Atl campn until Aug. 4, 64; died Aug, 80, '64 at Kingston, Ga. White Hezeki::.h, prom to Corpl Dec. 62, was with co in the bat- tle of S R, wounded Dec. 31, '62 and discharged April 14, '68 disabled by wound. SVMMAEY OF CASUAUTIES. Killed in the battle of Stone River— Luther T Ball, Henry E. Abercrombic, A. J. Hellings, J. M. Weidner, J, J. Kidwcll, B. Kile, Wm. Lipton, Geo. J. McFcrren, Henderson Wellever, fl. Wounded— Pepper, Detwiler, J. N. White, H. C. White, Bal- lin, Eoggess, McCandless, Debaven, Brown, Diesoh, Fuller, Gilrain, McManus, Miller, Odea, Sullivan, Spicer andMcLain, 18. Died of Wounds— W. W. McCandless, John Deisch and E L. Spicer, 8. Killed in the battle of Chickamanga — Daniel Wil- liams, 1. Wouadcd — Boggess, Hcndley, B. N. Kile, M^ck, Spry, Sullivan, Scott and Williams, 8. Died of wounds — Ma- lion Sulhvan. Killed in the engagements on the Atlanta Cam- paign — Lawrence McManus, 1. Wounded — Dougherty, White, 'Villein, Heniley, Johnson, Myers, Purdy, Rcss, Shaw, Spry,. Sample, Smith, Wickiser and GUdden, 14. Wounded in the bat- lb of Missionary Ridge — Solomon Scott, 1. Wounded on t in Kentuc4;v Campai:;n — J R. Johnson, 1. Accidentally k'Ued on Railroad— Joseph Ballcin, 1, Total— Killed 12; Wounded 42 ; Died of woip.ls t. CHAPTER X. COilPANY I. — ORIGINAL :MUSTEK ROLL AND PERSONAL RECORD. Albert J GrifRth, Capt, was in command of the co on the Ky campn; went to IIospl at Nashville Dec. 11, '02, and resigned Feb. 4, '63. William Scott, 1st Lieut, was with co on the Ky canipn; went to convalescent camp Dec. 20, '02 when the Rcgb started to S R;. resigned Feb. 17, '63. Thomas T Kendrick, 2nd Lieut, was taken sick on the Ky campn; was with CO to Somerset; went to Hospl at Bowling Groen Ky, where he died Nov. 19, '02, Monroe P Edwards, 1st Sergt, prom to Commissary Sergt Aug. 21, '02; was taken sick at Quincy, 111., but continued with the Regt until Nov. 7, '02; removed or reduced Got. '02; discharg- ed at Louisville Ky Dec. '02. "William Stevens, Sergt, prom to 1st Sergt Aug. 21, '62 before muster; reduced to ranks Oct. 12, '62; was with coonly on the Kv campn; discharged Jan. 1-1, '63 at Nashville, Tenn. Jolin W Whiteside, Sergt, prom to 1st Sergt Oct. 12, '62; reduced to ranks Feb 12, '03, by order of Col VVaters for mibtiike in Soriling report, which he attributed to Lt Scott ; was with co all the battles, &c, in which the Regt was engaged, except S R ; mustered out with co. John Daugherty, Sergt, was with co in all skirmishes, battles, &c. except Chga, L Mt and M R; mustered out with co. William Mills, Sergt, reduced to ranks Nov 15, '02 -was with co only on the Ky Campn; died Dec 3, '62, in hosp at Nashville. Joi'n C Logue, Corpl, prom to Sergt Aug 11, '62, to 2nd Lieut 'Larch 0, '63, to 1st Lieut June 19, ''Go ; was with co on the Ky campn, and in battle of S R and Chga; resigned Dec 31, '62; disability from ill health. ■ avid A Alexander, Corpl, was with co Ky campn, and atS R; 330 ABSTKACT OF RECORDS. was on duty on the color guard atS R and severely wounded Dec 31, '62 ; died of wounds Jan 20, '63, in hosp at Nashville. Joel B Morris, Corpl, reduced Sept 30, '62 ; prom to Sergt Feb 11, '63; was with co in the battles of S R, L M and M R; sent to hosp Feb 22, '64, and was discharged Nov 15, '64, at Quin- cy, 111. James B ilanlove, Corpl, prom to Sergt Nov 29, '64; was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R, the Atl campn, Franklin and Nashville ; slightly wounded near Kcnesaw Mountain July 1, '64; mustered out with co. Samuel Cain, Corpl, prom to Sergt Feb 5. '63, to 1st Sergt Nov 29, '64; was with co in all the battles, &c, in which the Regt was engaged; was wounded at S R Dec 31, '62 ; mustered out with CO. Joseph Stevens, Corpl, was with co in all skirmishes, battles, &c, except S R ; mustered out with co. Henry D Cromwell, Corpl, prom to Sergt Oct 12, '62; was in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R, Franklin and Nashville; was several times in hosp; mustered out with co. Edward Davis, Corpl, was with co during the entire term, in all the engagements in which the Regt took part; mustered out with CO. PKIVATEK, Alexander, David M, prom to 2nd Lieut, June 10, '63, to 1st Lieut March 1, '64; was never absent from the co; was in all the bat- tles, itc, in which the Regt was engaged ; slightly wounded Sept 2, '64, at Lovejoy Station, Ga; mustered out with co. Alexander, William, prom to Corpl June 12, '64; was with co in the battles *f Chga, L Mt, M R and the Atl campn, until wounded June 30, '64, near Kenesaw Mountain; mustered out with CO. Beckifian, Albert 0, was with co only a few months at a time, never in battle ; was in hosp most of the time; died Qct 22, '64, in hosp at (^uincy. 111. f Bates, Francis H, was discharged Jan 14, '63, at Nashville, Tenn. Binkley, Newton A, was with co in every skirmish and battle except S R; mustered out with co. Boils, John, was with co at S R and Chga ; at S R got separated from the c»^ and was arrested by patrols; at Chga wounded himself; was at hosp most of the time; must'dout with co. Brown, Isaac M, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M|R, and on the Atl campn, until wounded near Atlanta July 20, '64; transferred to V R Corps, and at his own request transfd to co; mustered out with co. RECOED OF COMPANY I. 331 Brady, Hugh, was with co at S R and at Chga, was severely wounded Sept 19, was with co on the Atl cainpn until wound- ed July 1, '0-i, near Kenesaw Mt; transfeired to V R Corps, Uct2y, 'f.-i. ]>rothers, Wilson, detailed into Pioneer Corps, Nov 28, 62; was drowned May 5, '03. Brothers, Samuel, detailed into Pioneer Corps Dec 18, '02; died March 27, '64, at Liberty, Adams co.. 111. Bouker, Clark, was discharged Jan 17, '03, at hosp Cincinnati. Brown, Thomas II, prom to Corpl Nov 29, 'G3; was with co in all skiroiishcs and battles except Lovejoy Station ; was only absent from duty from Aug 25 to Sept 9, '64; mustered out with CO. Barnard, Calvin, was v\ ith co on Ky campn, died March 24, '63, in hosp at Murf'reesboro, Tenn. Babbitt, Hardy G, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt and MR; detailed in the Arab Corps, March 5, '64; was slightly wounded and taken prisoner Jan 23, '63, while on duty on R R train guard; wounded again June 1, '64, near Kenesaw Mt; mustered out with co. Butler, William J, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R and the Atl campn; mustered out with co. Bowman, John H, died Dec 25, '62, in hosp Nashville, Tenn. Bell, James, died Dec 15, '62, in hosp Nashville, Tenn. Cain, Nelson, was with co on the Ky campn and at S R, where he was twice wounded Dec 31, '62; died of wounds Feb 7, '64 at Nashville Tenn. Cain, liaban, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt and M R; lost his sight and was transferred to the V R Corps Oct 20, '64; transferred to co May '65; mustered out with co. Crawford, AVilliam D, was with co on Ky campn and at S R; se- verely wounded Dec 31, '62, and died of woimds Jan 10, '63. Carter, John B, prom to Corpl; was with co in the battles, &c, in which the Regt was engaged except S R, and a part of the Atl campn from Aug 25 to Sept 9, '64; mustered out with co. Clark, Archibald, was with coon the Ky campn and at S R; was killed Dec 31, '62; buried on the field, grave No. 15. Daugherty, Thomas, was with co in all skirmishes and battles except S R; mustered out with co. Davis, William H, was with co in all skirmishes and battles ex- cept S R; mustered out with co. ♦ Doyle, Samuel, was left at Louisville Oct 3, '62, never returned to co; was dropped from the roll as a deserter Oct 1, '64. Deary, Bazil, was discharged Jan 4, '63, at hosp Bowling Green. Fritzen, Fred, was with ^'o in the battles of S R and Chga; was on detail the balance of the time; mustered out with co. Groves, Samuel W, was with co in the battles of Franklin and a32 ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. Nashville; was at home without leave from Feb 9 to Sept 28, '(33, and lost pay for that period; mastered out with co. Giddinpjs, George H, was discharged Feb 7, 'G3, at hosp at Bowl- ing Green, Ky. Galloway, Thomas J, was with co on the Ky campn and at S R; was killed at S R Dec 31, '02; buried on the Held, grave No. 14. Houk, David, died Dec 5, '62, in hosp Bowling Green, Ky. Hulen, William B, was with co in Ky to Somerset, in hosp un- til transferred to V R Corps Aug 31, '63. Henry, William E, prom to Corpl Nov '62; became bhnd and was discharged Dec 24, '62, at hosp Nashville, Tenn. Hall, Atlas, was with coin all skirmishes and battles except S R; slightly wounded at Chga Sept 20, '63, but did not leave the co; mustered out with co. Hornc}^, Alexander S, prom to Corpl Oct 12, '62; was with co Ky campn and at S R; was severely wounded Dec 31, '62; died of wounds Jan 24, '63, in Gen. Field IIosp at Stone River. Higlcy, Harlow, was with co on Ky campn and at S R; severely wounded Dec 31, '62; died of wounds Jan 29, '63, in hosp at Nashville Tenn. Handley, William H H, was with co in all the skirmishes and l>attles in which the Regt was engaged except S R; mustered out with CO. Hamilton, Lemuel B, in band, transferred to Brig Band May 20, 1863. Tnman, Aaion, was with co in all skirmishes and battles except S R; mustered out with co. Johnson Francis II, died Dec 1,'G2, in hosp Bowling Green, Ky. Johnson, Cyrene, was with co in the battles of S R and Chga; wounded at S R Dec 31, '62, and severely wounded at Chga Sept 20, '63; transferred to V. R Corps Nov 1, '64, on account of wounds. Kimer}', John J, was with co in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R and of the Atl campn, until Junu24, '64, when he was instant- ly killed near Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. Laughlin, Amos F, was with co in the battles of Chga, LMt, M R and on the most of the Atl campn; was out of camp without pass Aug 1, '64, captured and by sentence of Court Mar- tial lost three months pay; was mustered out with co. Long, Robert D, was detailed into Pioneer Corps Dea 11, '62; dischavjsad JJarch 17, '64. Lathrop, John W, died Dec 28, '62, in hosp No. 4, Nashville. F-ainbert, Simeon, discharged Feb 19, '63, at Bowling Green, Ky. Myers, Thomas T, was is hosp most of the time, until transf 'd to Y R Corps June 15, '64. Myers, William H, was with co on the Ky campn, and the bat- tle of S R; severely wounded Dec 31, '62; died Jan 26, '63,, RECOUD OF COMPANY I. 333 from effects of wounds. Miller, Dirk, was with co on Ky campn, and was killed in the battle of S R Dec 31, '62; buried on the field, grave No. IG. Marshall, Elisha, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt ^^ R, Nashville, and was on the Atl campn until May 10, 'C4; mustered out with co. Manlove, David R, was with co on the Ky campn; severely wounded in the battle of S R Dec 31, 'G2; died of wounds March 20, '03, in hosp No. 1, Nashville Tenn. Martin, David II, died Dec 14-, '02 in hosp No. 14, Nashville.. Martin, Thomas, was with co on all campn's and in all skirmishes and battles; nevtr absent during the whole term; mustcrecA out with CO. Mason, Peter, was accidently woiyided on picket near Silver Springs, Tenn, Nov 15, '02; discharged Dec 1, '02; disabled by wound. McCurdy, Daniel, was with co in all battles and skirmishes ex- cept L Mtand M R; was wounded in the battle of Chga Sept 1!), '02; mustered out with co. McDowell, Andrew S, appointed QM Sergt Augt 9, '02, prom to 2nd Lieut Nov 27, '02, to Capt March 0, '03; was in command of CO in every battle in which the Regt was engaged; wa.s twice slightly wounded, at Chga Sept 20, 03, and at Nashville Dec 1-5, '()4; mustered out with co. McCown, James D, was with co in all engagements except L Mt and M R; was was wounded at S R Dec 31, '02, at Chga Sop: 20, '03, lost a finger; and was slightly wounded at Nashville Doc 15, 'Gi; mustered out with co. Patterson William S, was with co in all the actions, (fee, after S R, until killed June -4, '64, near Kenesaw Mountain; was in the battles of Chga, L Mt, M R. Povehouse, Joseph B, was with co in the battles of L Mt, M R, on the Atl campn, Franklin and Nashville; must'dout with cr. Povehouse, William W, prom to Sergt Dec 12, '02; was with ou in all battles except S R and Franklin; must'dout with co. Stevens, George M, was with co on Ky campn and S R; was se- verely wounded Dec 31, '62; died of wounds Feb 10, '03, iu hosp No 8, Nashville, Tenn. Shohoney, William "W, died Dec 9, '02, in hosp Louisville, Ky. Scott, Cra\vford, was with co on Ky campn and killed af S R Dec 31, '02; buried on the field, grave No 17. Stinson, James, was with co in the battles of Chga and on most of Atl campn; loft camp without a pass Aug 3, '04; was cap- tured and paroled, lost three months pay by sentence of Court Martial; mustered out with co. Stevens, Robert, was with co in the battles of Chga, on the Atl campn, Franklin and Nashville; was wounded at Chga Sept n:]4 ABSTRxiCT OF RECORDS. 1"J, '03; mustered out with co. Slagle, David N, prom to Corpl, was with co at S R and wound- ed Dec SI, '62; returned to co March IS, '63, still disabled for carrying a musket; did such duty as he was able to, and de- clined a discharge until mustered out with co. Shohoney, Dudley, was with co onKy campn and at S R, where he was slightly wounded Dec 31, '62; died of disease April 23 'Go, in hosp at Murfreesboro, Tenn. Slagle, John F, was with co in all the battles, &c, except S E mustered out with co. Tatman, Charles L, was detailed as teamster at Louisville Se 27, '62, and continued on that duty the entire time; was mui tered out with co. Thomas, Warren 0, was with co on Ivy campn, and in the battle of S R; detailed as drummer Feb, 21, '63, and continued on duty in Rcgt'l band until mustered out with co. Turner, Abram, was with co and wounded in the battle of S R Dec 41, ' 62; was sent to hosp and never afterwards heard from, probably died of wounds. Thomas, lihamar S, in band, transferred to Brig Band, May 20, '63. "Wr.ght, John E, was discharged March 14, '63, at Nashville. Worley, Elihu, was with co on Ky campn and in battle of S R; sent td hosp May 12, '63; died July 18, '63, in hosp No. 13, Louisville, Ky. Wright, Alonzo D, was with co in the battle of Chga and on Atl campn, until ,Vay 21, '64; transferred July 26, '64, to V R Corps at Indianapolis, Ind. Weidenheimer, John J, deserted from hosp at Quiney, '62; re- ported at Benton Barracks April '63, to avail himself of the pardon offered in the President's Proclamation; discharged April 26, '63, at St. Louis. Wear, David C, prom to Corpl Jutie 12, '64; was with co in all battles, etc, in which the Regt was engaged, except S R; mus- tered out with CO. Webb, Williaift H, was with co in battle of Chga, and severely wounded Sept 19, '63; was discharged, disabled by wounds June 6, '64. Whitlock, Ervin, was in the Regt'l band on Ky campn; transf'd to V RCorps Sept 30, '63, at Chicago. SUMMAKV OF CASlAr/nilS. In the battieof Stone River,— Killed— Archibald Clark, Thom- as J. Galloway, Dirk Miller and Crawford Scott — 4. Wounded, Ale.xander, Samuel Cain, Nelson Cain, Crawford, Horney, Ilig- ley, Johnson, Myers, Malone, McCovvn, Stevens, Slagle, Sho- RECORD OF COMPANY I. 335 lioney and Turner, — 14. Died of wounds, — D. A. Alexander, Nelson Cain, W. D. Crawford, Alex. S. Horney, W. H. Myers, II. Iligley, D. R. Manlove, G. M. Stevens and Abrm Turner, — 9. AVounded in the battle of Chickamauga — Boils, Hall, Johnson, J/cUowcll, J/cCown, Stevens, Webb, Bradey and ^1/cCurdy, U. Killed on the Atlanta Campaign — John J. Kiinery and William S. Patterson, 2. AVounded — ilTanlove, D, M. Alexander, AVm. Alexander, Brown, Babbitt, Brady, G. AVounded near Nashville on Railroad train guard — Babbitt, 1. Accidentallj' wounded on picket — , Peter Mason, 1. Total killed, C; wounded, 31; died of wounds, 9. CHAPTER XL COMPANY K. — ORIGINAL MUSTER ROLL AND PERSONAL RECORD. John B McGaw, Capt, was with the Regt, and in command of the CO in the battles of S R Chga, Alt campn Franklin and Nash- ville, wounded at Chga, Sept 20, '63, mustered out with tho CO. Alexander? Nelson, 1st Lieut, was ivith the co in the battles of S R, and Chga, rendered valuable services to the Regt, being a skillful Surgeon, resigned Oct, 26, '63. Myron H Mills, 2nd, Lieut, was with the co in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mtand M R, was wounded-at S R, Dec 31, '»;2, Re- signed March 29, '64-. Samuel G Plummer, 1st Sergt was with (he co on the Ky campn, and was killed^in the battle of S R, Dec 81, '02, Buried on the field, grave no 8. Jamjs F Fryrear, Sergt, was in the battles of S R, Chga, L Mt, M R, and on the Atl crapn, until July 16 '64, promoted to 1st, Surg May '6-i, died Sept, 26, '6-1, of chr diarrhoea, at Quincy Ills. David W Downey Sergt, prom, to 1st Sergt Nov, '61 was with CO in the Battles of Chga L Mt, M R,and on the Atl campn un- til June 19, '6-i when he was wounded near Ivcnesaw Mt, was in the battle of Franklin and Nashville and mustered out with the C3. Archibald Beal, Sergt died Jan 5, '63, of Typhoid fever in hospt Nashville Tenn. Villiam M Galbraith, Sergt prom to 1st Sergt Jan '63, to 1st Lieut, May '64, was with the co in the battles of S R, Chga, L .1/t, M R, and the Atl compn, in command of Div Amb tram at Franklin and Nashville, slightly wounded at Lovejoy Sta tion S»pt 2, '64, mustered out with co. I^ECOltD OF CO.MPANY It 337 ■John 11 Leslie, Corpl, was with the co in all the battles in which the Regt engaged, was mustered out with co. Joseph Brown, Corpl with co on the At! campn and in the hat tie of Franklin, was particularly skillful in the manufac- ture of rings, mustered out with co. John F Martin, Corpl, was discharged Dec. 31, '62, at Nashville Tenn. ' Samuel Wilkins Corpl, was with co on the Ky campn and in the battle of S R was killed Dec 3J, '62, buried on the field, grave No 7. Robert S McMillan, Corpl prom to Sergt Dec '62, was with the ro in the battles of Chga Li/, M R on the Atl campn Franklin and Nashville, was mustered out with co. Thomas O McQuown, Corpl promted to Sergt Jan '64, was with the CO in the skirmishes battles &c in which the Regt engag- ed, was mustered out with co. George Bell, Corpl, was with the co on the Ky campn and at S R where he was wounded Dec 31, '62, discharged, disabled by wound May 11, '63, at Quincy Ills. Smith M Wax, Corpl, was with the co in all the battles in which the Rogt engaged except S R, mustered out with co, AUaman, Wi ham J, was with the co and fjivcrcly wounded at S R, Dec, 81, ,62; tied of wounds Jan 10, '63. Abrahamson, William was with the co and wounded in the bat- tle of S R ; was never able for duty afterwacd.^. Brown, James P, was with the co in all the battles in which the Regt engaged except S R ; mustered out with co. Bcrggren, Charles was with the co on the Atl campn died Oct 23, '64; of chr diarrhoea in hosp at Kingston Ga. Brown, John A, prom corpl Nov, '64; was with the co in all th^ battles in which the Regt was eng,^ge'l, mustered out with cc. Blake, Thomas, was with the co in the battles of S R, Chga of part of the Atl campn ; Franklin and Nashville ; was wound- ed May 28, '64, near New Hope church Ga, mustered out with CO. Beatty, Ira W, was with the co in the battles of Chga, on the Atl campn ; Franklin and Nashville mustered out with co. Beatty, George W, was with the co in all the skirmi/^hes, battles in which the Rogtwaa engaged; was wounded at Lovejoy Sta- tion Sept 2, '64, and mustered out with co. Bfimhall, Henry, was with the co in all the battles in which the Regt was engaged; was mustered out with co. Beebe, David B, was with the co in the batt'cs of S R,Chga and on the Atl campn; was killed Aug 5, '64 ; in front of At- 338 ABSTRACT OF RECOEDB. lanfa Ga. Burns, Alfred was with the co in the battle of Ohga and on the Atl campn until wounded J/ay 28, '64, near New Hope church Ga; transfered to V R corps July 2Y, '64. Bond, Edward F, was with the co in the battle of S R, and on the Atl campn ; was mustered out with co. B eebe, William A, was accidently wounded, Oct 15, '62, near Mt Vernon Ky; served afterwards in the Ambulance corps; mus- tered out at Hosp. Bell, Walter was with the co in all the battles in which the Regt was engaged ; was wounded near Atl Ga, Aug 20, '64; mus- tered out with CO. Clements, Abncr, was discharged Feb 5, '63, at Nashville IVnn. Dean, John was transferred to the Marine Brigade Nov 1, '63. £wing, Samuel, was with the co in the battle of Chga and on the Atl campn to Kenesaw Mt ; was sent to Hosp and did not re- join the co; was discharged at Springfield His. Ewing, James R. was with the co in all engagements until taken sick before Kenesaw Mt, June 27, '64; was killed, Oct 21, '64; by accident on RR train near Lafayette Ind. Foster, William P, died Feb 2, '68 of Typboid fever, at Nashville Tenn. Glover, James R, promoted to corp Nov. '64 was with the co in all the battles in which the Regt tookfpart except L M and J/"R; was mustered out with the company, Gordon, Cornelius was with the co in all the skirmishes, battles in which the Regt was engaged; was mustered out with co. » Gordon, William H, was discharged July 22, '63, at Nashville Tenn. Graff, George was with the co and wounded in the battle of S R. Dec 31, '62; transferred to the V R corps, Feb 15, '64. Gee, Jonathan was discharged, Feb 18, '63 at Hosp Nashville Tenn. Hovey, Rodolphus J, was with the co in the battles of S R and was killed in the battle of Chga Sept 20, '63. Hovey, Aaron discharged Jan 26, '63 at Louisville Ky, Harrah, John C, was wounded Aug 20, '64 near Atl CJa; and died Jan 11, '65, in Hosp New Albany Ind. Jones, John B, was with the co in the battles of Chga Franklin and Nashville; was mustered out with co. Jackson, il/ichael died Aug 28, '68, of chr diarhoea, at Nashville. Jamison, John F, died March 6, '63, of Typhoid fever at Nash- ville Tenn. amison, George M, was discharged J/ar 10, 'G3 disabled by dis- ease. ieslie, Alexander G, was discharged Jan 7, '63, at Bovling itECORD OV COMPANY K. 339 Lusk, Robert was discharged Jan 6, '63, at Bowling Green Ky. iTartin, Andrew TV, was discharged Dec '62 at Bowling Green i/cArthur, John was with the co and severely wounded in the battle of L Mt, with the co on part of the Atl cainpn, and promoted to corp Jan '63; in the battles of Franklin and Nash- ville; was mustered out with co. J/aley, Henry H, was with co in all the battles in which the Regt was engaged except S R, was wounded at Nashrille Dec 15, '64; was mustered out with co il/cQuown, Isaac H J/, promoted to Corp Jan '64, was with the CO in all the skirmishes battles in which the Regt engaged ex- cept S R, was mustered out with co. J/cLane, Thompson was with the co on part of the Atl carapn and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville; was mustered out with CO. i/athews, George W was with the co in the battles of Chga, and Franklin and Nashville, was mustered out with co. Mitchell, Carey was detailed into Pioneer Corps Oct 18, '62; transferred to the Engineer Corps July 29, '64. McMillen, Daniel I, was discharged Aprl 1, '64, at Camp Den-- nison; was not with the co after Dec 26, '62; and nevet in bat- tle. J/artin, Robert J. was detailed into the Pioneer Corps Oct 18, '62; and transfered to the Engineer Corps July 29, '64, McDill, Thomas G, was with co in the battles of S Rand Chga; severely wounded at Chga Sept 20, '63, and died of wound Oct 14," '63 J/cGaw, Samuel, was with co and wounded in the battle of Chga Sept 20, '63; discharged Feb 25, '64, disabled by wound. J/cIntire, Thomas, was with co in the battle ol Chga; died Jan 22, '64, in hosp at New Albany, Ind. Jfickey, Robert, was with co in all the battles, &c, in which the Regt was engaged except S R; mustered out with co. J/yerstein, Isaac, was with co on a part of the Atl dlmpn, and in the battle of Franklin; was wounded June 28, '64, near Kenesaw J/ountain; was mustered out with co. >¥cDermott, Francis M, was with co in the battle of Chga; de- tailed as Orderly at H'd Qrs 1st Div, Dec 11, '63. Nelson, Gust, prom to Corpl, was with co in all the skirmishes and battles in which the Regt was engaged; must'd out with co. Olson, Andrew, was discharged Feb 1, '63, at Nashville, Tenn; disability, consumption. Peterson, Nels, was with co in the battles of S R, Chga, on the Atl campn, Franklin and Nashville; was wounded at S R Dec 31, '62; mustered out withco. Parkinson, Clinton, detailed in ITedical Dept at Louisville, Ky, UO ABSTRACT OF RECORDS. i/ay 31, '63; discharged J/ay 30, '05. Pollock, James B, was not with co in battle, on duty in hosp; mustered out with co. Purnell Julius Pj was with co in the battle of Chga and on the Atl cainpn, discharged Payne John L, was discharged June 24, 'G3 at'Xa>hville Tenn. Purnell Joseph T, was with coin the battles of Chga and killed on the Atl campn Sept. 2, '64 at Lovejoy Station. jRoper Francis A, was discharged June 5, '63 at Camp Dennison Ohio. Kankin Joseph, was with co on the Atl campn and in the b-ittles of Franklin and NashviUe; mustered out 'A-ith co. Russell William 11, was discharged Nov. 13, '63 at Nashville Tennessee. Kodgers James, was ^\'ith co in the battle of S R; was detailed Aug. 10, 63 as teamster in Div. train, and remained on that duty until mustered out with co. Rt^a Amos, was with co in the battles of S R, and Chga badly 'wounded at SR; mustered out with co. Rankin Alexander, was discharged April 15, '63. Rankin James A, was \^ith co and wounded near Rocky Face Feb. 24, '64, mustered out with co. Snyder Simon A, w'as with co and wounded in the battle of S R i)ec. 31, '62; was on duty as clerk at Div. and Corps Hdq'rs until mustered out with co. Sappington John, was with co in all the battles in which the Regt engaged cvcept L Mt and M R, mustered out with co. Stuart George, was discharged March 16, '63 at Nashville Tcnn. Stanley George W, was with co in all the battles in which thi- Regt engaged; was wounded at Chga Sep 19, and again Sep. 20, '63, mustered out with co. Stanley William S, was with coand wounded in the battle of S.R Dec. 31, '62 and died of wound Jan. 11, 'ij3 at General Field llospl. r Stockton William il, was with co in all the battles in which the Regt engaged; was wounded Dec. 15, '64 at I'Jashvitle, mus- tered out with CO. Salter Henry, was transferred to the il/arino Brigade Nov 30 '63, Short William, died Feb 6, '63 at IIospl at Nashville Tenn. Spence John, was with co in all the battles in which the Rogt en- gaged, mustered out with co. Tucker John, was with co in the battle of S R and killed Dec 31, '62| buried on the Field, grave No. — Woods Richard, was with co in all the battles in which the Regt engaged and mustered out with co. Woods Isaac, was discharged Feb 15, '63 atQaincy, HI. ■^Voods James II, prom to Corpl Nov '64; was with the coin all 1 IIECOED OF CO]MPANY K. 341 the battles &c in which tlie Regt angagcd except S K. Willett John E, was with co and wounded in the battle of Chgo. Sep 11), 'GO; transferred to V R Corps Dec 81, 'tU-. SUaDIAIlY OF C.\3UALTIES. Tn the battle Stone River, Killed— Samuel G Pluinmer, Samuel "Wilkins and John L. Tucker, 3. "Wounded — J/ ills, Bell, Alla- man, Abrahamson, Graff, Peterson, Snyder and Stanley, 8. — Died of wounds— W. J. AUaman, W. S. Stanley, 2. In the bat- tle of Chickamauga, killed — Rodolphus J. Ilovey, 1. Wounded J. B. J/cGaw, Samuel J/cGaw, J/cDill, Stanley and "Willett, 5. Died of wounds — Thomas G. a1/cDill, 1. On the Atlanta Cam- paign, Killed — David B. Beebe and Joseph T. Purnell, 2. — "JiVounded, Gabraith, Blake, W. Bell, Beaty, Burns, Downey, Horrah, J/yerstine and Rankin, 9. In the l>attle of Lookout J/ountain,; "Wounded — John i/cArthur, 1. In the battle of Nashville, "Wounded — J/aley and Stockton, 2. Accidentally kill- ed, on R. R., James R. Ewing, 1. Accidentally wounded on Picket— W. A. Ecebe, 1. Total— Killed 7; Wounded 30 ; Died ,of wounds 3. CHAPTER XIL ABSTRACT OF THE EEGIMENTAL EECOEDS. — RECRUITS OF THE REGIMENT. Richard Dawson, co. A, mustered in Nov. 18, 186S, for three years; joined the co for duty Dec. 1863 and served with it un- May 21, 1864; was in Hospl until the Regt was mustered out when he was transferred to co F 21 st 111. Vols; mustered out at Hospl Keokuk Iowa. Samuel Knock, co B, mustered in Dec. 16, '63; served with co until wounded near Rocky Face May 9, '64; transferred to 21st 111. Vols. June 8th, '65; discharged at New Orleans July, '65. Samuel Ohipman, co B, mustered in Jan. 4, '64; transferred to 21st 111. June 8th, '65 and musteaed out Dec. 15, '65. Levi Chipman, co B, mustered in Feb. 19, '62; was with co on the At! campn and wounded June 19, '64 near Kenesaw Mt; transferred June 8, '65 to 21st III.; mustered out Dec. 15, '06. David Chipman, co B, mustered in Mar. 18, 'C5; transferred June 8, '65 to 21st 111; mustered out Dec. 15, '65. George W. Robinson, co B, mustered in Jan 4, '64; transferred June 8, '05 to 21st 111; mustered out Dec, 15, '65. John A. Greei", co B, mustered in Jan. 4, '64; transferred June 8 '65 to 21st 111; died June, '65 at Nashville. Dillon B. Greer, co B, mustered in Feb. 10, '65; transferred June 8, ''G5 to 21st Tli; mustered out Dec. 15, '65. Charles Gilson, co B, mustered in March 8, '65; transferred June 8, '65 to 21st 111; mustered out Dec. 15, '05. Israel H. Baker, co B, mustered In March 18, '65; transferred June 8, '65 to 21st 111; mustered out Dec. 15, '66. Benjamin F. Moore, co B, mustered in March 18, '65,- transferred June 8, '65 to 21st 111; mustered out H. W. Swift, coB, mustered in March 18, '65; transferred June 8, '65 to 31st 111; mustered out Dec. 15, '05, RECORD OF RECRUITS. 343 Jamas II. Hunter, co C, mustered in Dec. IG, 'G3; with co on the Atl campn and in the battles of Franklin and Nashvill; trans- ferred June 8, '65 to the 21st 111; finally mustered out Dec. 15, '65. John Hankins, co 0, mustered in Feb 11, '64; was with coon Atl campn, in the battles of Franklin and Nashville; was transferred June 8, '65, to the 21st Regt. 111. Vols.; Finally mustered out Dec 15, '65. ' " — Beach, co E, mustered Dec — '63; transferred June 8, '65, to 21st Regt. 111. Vols., finally mustered out Dec 15, '65. John Pollock, co F, mustered in Dec 23, '63; was with co on the Atl campn until June 9, '64, and in the battle of Nashville; was transferred June 8, '65, to 21st Regt. 111. Vols., and died , at Green Lake, Texas. William W. Culpt, co F, mustered in Dec 23, '63; detailed into the Ambulance Corps, March, '64, and on duty there during the Atl campn; was transferred June 8, '65, to 21st Regt. 111. Vols; finally mustei'ed out Dec 15, '65. Gillam Harris, co G, mustered in Dec 1, '63; was with co on the Atl campn until killed in action June 19, '64, near Kenesaw Mountain. Henry M. Tibbetts, co G, mustered in Dec 1, '63; was with the co on Atl campn, and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville ; transferred June 8, '65, to the 21st 111, and finally mustered out Dec 15, '65. Francis M. Brown, co 11, mustered in March '64, for three years; was with CO on the Atl campn, until killed June 24, 64, near Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. Charles TV". Shoemaker, co H, mustered in for three years, Mar 1, '64; was with co on Atl campn until wounded July 4, '64, near Marietta, Ga; transferred June 8, '65, to the 21st HI; finally mustered out Dec 15, '65. F. C. Van, Eaton, co H, m.ustercd in for one year, Feb 22, '65; transferred June 8, '65, to 21st 111; finally mustered out Dec 15, '65. Caleb M. Kile, co II, mustered in for one year, Feb 22, '05; trans- ferred June 8, '65 to 21st 111; finally mustered out Dec 15, '65. William W. Kile, co H, mustered in for one year, March 4, '65; transferred to 21st 111, June 8, '65; discharged Aug '65. Andrew Jackson, co II, mustered in for one year, Feb 22, '65; died May 26, '65, at hosp Nashville, Tenn. Peter Johnson, co H, mustered in for one year, Feb 22, '65; transferred June S, '65, to 21st 111; finally mustered out Dec 15, '65. George W. Walter, co H, mustered in for one year, March 22, '65; transferred June 8, '65, to 21st 111; mustered out Dec 15, 1865. ■iU A]^>STRAC1^ OF RECORDS. Jonathan R. Eckley, co II, raustered in for one year, Murob 22, '05; ti ansl'errcd to 21st 111, June 8, 'G5; died June — '05 at Nashville, Tenn. ^ ■ - ' . "> Hj n-i>s--i.c:.«l ill for one year, March 22, '05; , j; S;i-iii:-;iield, 111; did not reach companj'. . ' . , CO I, mustered in March -i, '('4; was with co on cue All campn, and in battles of Franklin and Nashville; was transferred to the 21st 111, June 8, '65; rauyfd out Dec 15, '05. George T. Myers, co I, mustered in March 14, '05; was with co on Atl campn and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville; transferred to the 21st 111; June 8, '65, and mustered out Dec 15, '65. (lilbert K. Myers, co I, mustered in March 11, '04; was with co on most of the Atl campn, and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville; slightly wounded July, 3, 'G4, near Marietta, Ga; transferred to 21st 111, June 8, '05; mustered out Dec 15, '65. Curtis E. Thomas, co T, mustered in March 7, '05; transferred to 21st 111 June 8, '65; mustered out Dec. 15, '65. George W. Cowdcn, co K, mustered in for three years Jan. V, '04; with co on the Atl campn until wounded, Maj'- 14, 'G4 near Rcseca Ga.; died Aug 20, '04 from effects of vround in IIospl, Jcffersonville, Ind. Albert Cowden, co K, mustered in Nov 23, '63 for thres years; with CO on the Atl campn and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville; was wounded at Nashville Dec 15, '64; transferred to 21st 111 Jur.e 8, '05 and finally mustered out Dec 15, '65. Ilenton S. Pollock, co K, mustered in for three years Nov 23, '63 with CO on the Atl campn and in the battles of Franklin and Nashville; transferred to 21st 111 June S, '05; and tinally dis- charged Dec 15, '65. John S. Pollock, co K, mustered in for t'nree 3'ears Nov 23, '63; with CO on apart of the Atl campn and in the battle of Nash- ville; transferred to the 21st 111 June S, '65 and mustered out Dec 15, '05. James Pollock, co K, mustered in for three years Jan 7, '64; with CO on the Atl campn; severely wounded at Lovcjoy Station Sept 2, '04; had his leg amputated and was discharged May 0, '05 at^iuincy. 111. Michael Kelley, co IC, mustered in for three j'^ears Jan. 7, '64; with CO on tlie Atl canipn; missing ever afterward, probably deserted . SU.MM.^KV or CASU.Vl/riES. On the Atl campaign, Killed — Gillam Harris co G. an,d Fran- cis M. Brown wo II, 2. — -Wounded — Knock and Chipman co B, Shoemaker I'o II, Mvers co I, Gowden and Pollock co K; 0. — JIECORJ) 01' RECRUITS. 345 llicd of W'tuiuls, G. W. Cowilcn. 1. In the battle of Xas?iville, "Wonndcti — Albert Covvdcn, 1. Total Killed 2, "Wounde;] 7, Died of wounds 1. Total Loss (!f the Regiment. — Killed, GO; Wounded 290. Died of wounds 58. A Tabic accounting for every man, wliuc^c n;mio ii[> pears on the original Muster Rolls, of the 84th Reg iment Ills. Vols. 3 <^ '^ CO j i^j-* Hpj^ ap Q W>5: l4i. 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