0^ 0° ^\>^/ >■' ^"^ ^•^ O^ > (i" \.^''\\ cf ^t. < .o\ ^^ .:?-^ 2,". ^o V '^^ ^^^-^fTV: '^^.'^^ '=• ;<- V /^ .^/' ,/"^.. '%.''! ■^^0^ ■>-^ C5^' -P ■0^ ■■^{^ ./^-.. ^° ^^^' ^x. °:^ '^oV ^®: %/ ^ '"^ V*?^ 1 1 m\ 15 1919 Reconstruction Our Full Duty totheA\brld ^^ ^^-^^ Death and ^ "You'll find me easily enough. My truck will be the tallest thing in the town." So said an officer to his com- pany in giving orders for a ren- dezvous in Vaux. The complete annihilation of the city of Noyon has been told again and again. And Noyon is but one of three hundred towns — of various sizes — which have been blown to bits by big guns and churned up with dynamite. Rheims was more than a cathe- dral. It was a city of 170,000 people. And today Rheims has not ten houses that are habitable. Verdun is a name that stirs the imagination. A wanderer among X V Photographs — Undtrllood &• Undemood, Nen-spaftr Illuslrations Lid., and World Oiillook (Q, ^y ^ 5 HJ •'> ^ *> / Destruction the'ghastly ruins outside the city can find shelter from the weather nowhere but in the galleries of the old citadel. Thousands of square miles of northern France are a hideous waste, furrowed with trenches, pock-marked with shell craters, pimpled with heaps of brick and mortar— all that remain of hundreds of villages. Shaken ^ Rippec There are all degrees of destruction visible in France. There are towns so completely levelled they do not make the tiniest bump on the horizon line. Other towns like Ypres and Lille, lift up a few skeleton buildings, splintered and grotesque, screaming their contrast with the flat waste around them. Some cities that were not bombarded, but were burned, from afar off seem quite intact. But "close-ups" reveal block after block of charred, roofless shells of buildings. Tom ^ Razed The total number of houses destroyed in France is esti- mated at 350,000. Their rebuilding means 600 million days' work. The invaded area was the wealthiest district of France. Today it represents a twenty-billion- dollar loss. Pliolosraphs—lnlernalional Film Ser-.icf, Paul Thorn Cc.mmillee of Puhlic Informalion, and World Outlook Home, Sw \ And those 350,000 buildings, they were not just buildings — they were homes — filled with homely things like copper kettles and old hand-made furni- ture. Inhabited by sacred things like mothers and babies. Surrounded with placid things like gardens and cattle sheds. And they are gone. Shot to pieces. Little cream colored stone houses with red tiled roofs are become pitiful heaps of broken Photographs—Paul Th, et Home junk, lath, furniture in small bits, iron bedsteads twisted into knots, kitchen utensils, babies' shoes, bird baths, shell cases, Boche helmets. Brick and mortar and splin- tered beams choke the streets of towns. Clambering over the litter, one passes house after house with the roof shot away, the front ripped off. It seems irreverent to peer in. Family sitting-rooms and children's nurseries were not meant to be exposed to public view. Back to We've always rather admired the pluck of our pioneering an- cestors who pushed the frontier westward and made well-groomed farms out of unkempt forests. But their task was easy in com- parison with that which confronts the peasants of France. Hundreds of scjuare miles of smiling farms ha\e been trans- formed into No Man's Land, ripped in cra/y furrows by shells, seamed with trenches that buried the rich top soil under sand and cement, sown with fragments of metal and stone. In considerable areas the land may never again be cultivated. In the uplands the explosion of mines and shells has brought the Pholographs — World Outlook the Farm chalk, to the surface and made the soil sterile. In the lowlands, wind and weather and the natural erosion of many years will slowly smooth the face of the meadows again. Where the wells have been destroyed the problem of resuming agricultural work is still more complicated. Everywhere unexploded grenades make plowing a hazardous pursuit. And where are the plows, the har- rows, the cultivators, the reapers, the harvesters? Scrapped. Hundreds of thousands of farm implements are ruined. Thousands of acres of wood- land are gone. "The old farm ain't what it used to be." How can they start again? A S et-b ack That's what the war has meant to the industries of France. The area overrun by the foe was the industrial heart of the country. It produced more than half the coal of the entire nation, nine-tenths of the iron ore, 83% of the pig iron, 70% of the steel. Armentieres, once a whirling, buzzing, manufacturing town, is a heap of ruins. The great industrial district of Lens is "destroyed not only above ground but for 3000 feet below." No coal can be got for two years from the wrecked mines of the north of France. Pholographi^Freiiih Pictorial of lOO Years Factories, fur- naces, looms, dyna- mos, steel plants and smelters are crippled — hope- lessly crippled, many of them. Many more must halt their motors and remodel their enginery to pro- duce, not bayonets, but plowshares. What a period of turmoil! Only one Force is big enough to carry the nations through. ManH FRANCE HAS LOST ONI! Over a million men are killed. The maimed and crippled and en- feebled — the "casualties" who are per- manently incapacitated — bring the total loss well over two million. Almost half the university men of France are dead. Out of 26,000 school teachers, 5,000 have been killed. Power THIRD HER MAN-POWER Italy's dead number 800,000. Her wounded, disabled and miss- ing add up to more than two million. Belgium's 50,000 dead represent the flower of her manhood. Europe has suffered a terrible loss of man -power. She needs money, machinery, help of all kinds, to over- come this handicap in the big task of Reconstruction. What of the Children ? The children of these milHons of dead ? The children who lived in the 350,000 houses ? What becomes of a youngster whose father died "up there" at the front ? The mothers go out to work. Many mothers have died from sheer weari- ness and exposure and grief. Some mothers were shot for trying to smug- gle comforts to the French soldiers. And if the mother is gone, or is at work, what becomes of the children? There are thousands of them in France, alone, adrift, amid strange and horrible surroundings. There are thousands of them living like rats in cellars and lean-to's. There are thousands more in Italy. And these children are the genera- tion which must repair the ravages of this war period. A Little Bit Kiddies orphaned, sick, homeless, helpless! Early in the war the Methodist Church rose to this emergency, and an lage plan was evolved. r\iew is one result. To the s, who have been through the hell of war, it is a little bit o' heaven. It is a farm of some 200 acres of rolling land, the home of about 60 rol- licking boys. It is in a good wheat country. There are already some fine head of cattle there. There will be developed a model farm, an agricultural and vocational training school. At EcuUy is another such — no not institution — "Foyer Retrouve," home re- found. The name suggests the beauty of the work cf picking up these stray waifs. Eculh' is a hom.e for girls. Photographs— World Oullook o' Heaven But orphanb are a temporary prob- lem. They'll grow up. To justify the expense of the undertaking, our orphanages will be organized to lay the foundations for future educat work. We are building for a perm; Christian program. France wi mately be e\'angelized b\' Frenchmen. At Char\'iew are our future laymen and preachers. Ecully is an embryo normal school and Bible training school. Coming They call her "the widow of Noyon," the mem- bers of the Methodist Commission who recently visited France. Because in their minds the horror of the whole city is symbolized by the bent little figure in black. Husband and son were killed in the war, and when the Americans came face to face with her tragedy, she had just come back to the city to find her home. But hers, with countless others, had been hurled sky-high and fallen a hideous mess. She dropped her pitiful bundle of possessions and sobbed and wrung her hands. It was thus the Americans found her, the widow of Noyon. The love of the French for their home-site is deep seated. All over stricken Europe the roads are filled with little trickling streams of people, walking, riding, crawling back to the spot that was home. Photographs — Underwood & UnJirrwoDd and World Outlook Back What Young people have elastic courage, sublime confidence and hope. They "bob up serenely," as the saying goes. But old people lose that power. With the years, resiliency becomes resigna- tion. Old people — the horrors of war have made them very, very old — can hardly find courage to begin again. This little gran'mere, left alone by the ravages of the grim war- dragon, has found her home, the home she and the gran'pere built in the days when they were young. But the ceilings are in the cellar and the roof is all mixed up with the floors. A little treasure, hidden under the hearthstone when the enemy drove them out, is gone. All that she owns is at her feet. And she is so old. a Pity! Some Reconstruction, as a sweeping generality, is an inspiring term. Interpreted in the details of un- scrambling one's kitchen from one's parlor, it is very disheartening. The dining-room wall is a gaping hole, and there is nothing to keep out the rain. Some battered sheets of corrugated iron are at hand, but nails and hammer are not to be had. No Man's Land, that swath of death that cuts across the face of Europe, is a region of crater pits and blasted mountain peaks. Man power and mule power and motor power will be needed to level it into roads. Photoiraph: — C-iUiams Service and World Oullaok Job ! Railroads are all shot to pieces. Tracks ripped up, rolling stock scrapped. The American soldiers have built up a transportation sys- tem in some regions for military uses, but the facilities of the whole continent must be expanded for the big jobs ahead. Even the water is polluted. In some instances the water supply was poisoned. And in great areas the shelling and mine explosions have wrecked the sewage and water systems. One of these pictures shows some soldiers distributing pure water to a village. The Situat ^ \ Italy leads the world in the relative height of her war debt. Her losses in men and money were tremendous. Italy won her own fight. The spirit of the country is contained in the inscrip- tion on the shattered wall. "// is better to live one day as a lion than a hundred years as a sheep." In Italy are 150,000 ruined homes. Across t he north of the country stretches a zone of destruction as hideous as the worst areas in France. Beyond that is another zone where the foe did not stop to ruin, but only robbed. From on in Italy the Piave to the Carso, nearly a million people are living in houses with- out a pane of glass. Ev in the most hurried re- treat, the Austria ns re- moved practically every glazed window in the whole district. The refugees come hack without money and without food. Their homes are stripped of everything. No tools, no farm implements, no kitchen utensils, no clothing, no furniture — no anything. "Before the war my country thought of America as the gold country. We sent our laborers to your shores. There they worked, sending home their savmgs. Many returned later to their native land, brmgmg back wealth w ith them." It is Captain Guido Contesso, of the Italian Military Mission to the United States, speaking to one of the mem- bers of the Methodist Commission which recently visited Europe. "Since then we have caught the true Spirit of America," he continued. "I am recommending to my government that we send each year a number of students to the United States. I would like to see them remain a year, during which time they could study your country and its ideals. Italy needs them." "Italy must bend every effort to strengthen not only her commercial relations with America, but more important still, her moral relations. In every way the two countries must be made to dove-tail more snugly together." about Italy "Captain," he was asked, "what can America ^iveto aid Italy in the trying days we face ? " Without an instant's hesitation the Italian answered, "Raw material and moral support^ "What has been your loss in men killed ? " "Five hundred thousand ! " "How many more have died of disease?" "Three hundred thousand." "xAnd that means how many fatherless children ? " "Two hundred fifty to three hundred thousand." "What do they need ? " "Clothes and food and schools and everything else that the same number of fatherless children in America would require, of which Italy can proMde very little now." "And now is the time when their need is greatest ? " "Yes," the officer replied, "it is NOW." The Naple^ The Naples project is one of the biggest things the Church plans to undertake in Europe. Signor Riccardo Santi. who began this work in his own home when he adopled two children. Now he foster-fathers eighty Phulographi — World Outlook Naples is New York's lower East Side-only more so. The Naples project is our type pro- gram for attacking the city problem -thrmtghoiit Europe Project We have been established in Naples for many years. There is a four-story building, centrally located, two floors of which are now being used to house eighty orphans, soldiers' orphans. But the upper part of a city building is no place for youngsters, and so they will be moved out to the wide green fields. There is great need for a day nursery, for the war widows must leave their babies somewhere when they go out to work. Closely linked with a nursery is a clinic. Medi- cal work is such a direct application of the Brotherhood of Man idea that it is a power- ful entering wedge for our big spiritualized social program. Naples is a large seaport. Welfare work among sailors and among people emigrating to America will be another interpretation of SERVICE in the community center we propose to establish. The floors of the building now given over to the orphans will later be transformed into a gymnasium, showers, a canteen and classrooms for emigrants. A big project this, far-reaching and worth-while. Santi's orphans go to the publ, schools. The fact that they frequently commended for thei behavior reflects credit on thei Methodist training I] On nei _- — '% \ _r/ ^ Va pas ! He stopped them at the Marne, at Verdun, alon^ the far-flun^ battle front where Liberty was saved. And now — He needs more than physical rebuilding, more than new industrial training. His tortured nerves and shocked sensibilities have sapped his spiritual fortitude. He needs the assurance of Bi^ Sympathy. Your Church embodies that feeling. The Church They say there is not a church left in the Somme valley. Everywhere that the war was waged, the churches have been shot full of holes or battered down. In the same way, the spiritual force of the Church in Europe has been shaken and undermined by the tremendous upheaval that has bared the souls of the people. The commonest doughboy and Tommy and poilu admits that the strange miracles of the battlefield "make a feller think about things." And this man who has been doing some thinking, who has surprised himself by his tenacious fighting for in Europe a lofty ideal— a Christian ideal— this man won't be satisfied by a formal Church of creeds and doctrines. His newly-awakened spiritual con- sciousness will find expression only in a vital Gospel, a religion that can fortify his moral courage, a work-a- day Church which will inspire him to take up his staggering task with new heart. Methodism preaches that Gospel Photographs— Paul Thomp: Monte On Monte Mario, one of the storied seven hills of Rome, within a stone's throw of the Vatican, is developing one of the biggest of our undertakings in Europe. The trees on Monte Mario are joo years old. Thev will he preserved on the grounds of the college. Looking out over Rome with St. Peter's don Mario In the two upper floors of our present building in the center of the city, a school has been growing. About 60 boys are crowded into these cramped quarters. They are little chaps just beginning school, and middle sized chaps who fret at the restraint of exercising on the roof, and tall chaps ready for the university. All these tall ones went to the war, but some of them will be coming back, and will whoop for joy when they hear of the plans to move the Collegio out to the 11 -acre grounds on Monte Mario. Italy's educational system is very good, and we can do no better than to conform to her regulations for our curriculum. But the spiritual and physical welfare of Italy's school children is sadly neglected. Because of the fine moral atmosphere, our Collegio has always been crowded to overflowing. In 1917, we had to turn away as many boys as we took in. Out on Monte Mario we shall build to accommodate 1,000. And out on Monte Mario too, we shall have play fields and tracks and an athletic director to take care of the physical development of our boys. The pupils come from families of the better class, many of them from Catholic families, or from homes absolutely indifferent to relig- ious matters. The students who grow up in our Collegio leave us, not always converted to Protestantism, but with the imprint of our Gospel indelibly traced on their hearts. mm listance. Monte Mario is a strategic point Pholosraphs— World Outlool Methodism The Methodist Church is in Europe, established in centers so strategically located that it blazes the cross on the face of the continent. But we are going to engrave the cross on the heart of the continent. The Methodist Church does not propose at this time to at- tempt an evangelical campaign to convert Europe. But it does plan, by a broad program of social service, to so inculcate the Gospel of the Living Christ — the principles of true practicable Christianity — in the new Europe that is rebuilding, that the people will never again revert to their old ritualistic or atheistic creeds. A government official of France admitted to one of the Methodist Commission that his country, as it staggered to its feet again, needed moral support even more than financial and economic support. Spiritual backing more than political backing. The job of beating the Boche was easy compared to the job of rebuilding the wreck. The zeal of patriotism does not help the emaciated family who find a pile of familiar bricks and exclaim, "Ah, here is our home." The fervor of war gone, Europe needs a new bracer, a Gospel of comfort, courage, hope. A Gospel that will not only inspire a man to pray on Sunday, but will inspire him to work every day. Methodism is welcomed because it is American, because it is democratic, because it is zealous, because it is fearless. Methodism can go into Europe now and by the practical application of the social teachings of Jesus fulfill the needs of the people there. Such a Christian interpretation of social service is an antidote to the social unrest which threatens Europe today. AnAri Pholografl' — Kf'l *-"' )eal ^ %. "There are smiles" that ahiiost brin^ the tear- drops. This Httle girl and her g-randmother, refugees going back so bravely to a v, recked home, are smiling that kind of smile. Everyone who has been to Europe says it i^ impossible to put into words the conditi jr.s over there. This book then has attempted the impossible. Page by page it has built up in your mind a series of impressions that you can't soon forget. Of the poor little old woman's smashed house, of the widow of Noyon, of the twisted-up plows and bedsteads and lives. Cripples without any spiritual prop to hang to, orphans without any daddies to cry to. Particu- larly those orphans. re gild that smile brings the teardrops, appeals to you, moves you to apprceiate the need cf Europe. Because Eurooe needs \ OUR help. =/ \« 8 6 i "A very difficult time is before us. It is harder to win peace than to win war." Clemenceau GRAPHIC SERIES "Prepared by WORLD OUTLOOK for the CENTENARY COMMISSION OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 111 Fifth Avenue New York City The Graphic Series embraces books on the following countries NORTH AFRICA CHINA • JAPAN • KOREA CENTRAL AFRICA MEXICO • MALAYSIA PHILIPPINES SOUTH AMERICA INDIA RECONSTRUCTION FIGHTING AMERICA'S FIGHT ght, 1919, by World Outlook \0^ °'\^ ^f ^"^ '<:i ^^o^ i^°^ ^'5■ .LVL'» V I -■■„*' ;-.^^ ^%. .^"'^^ :af^ x^ »: .v"^ '>Va' s''*' ^^%. ¥• "^j. A^ »>Va' '^^^ .4' 4 ■v^ ['. * '-m0^ ^ ^ '■"'■■ :y 'rA% -^^ ^^^^ '^'-' ^""^.. -,^1!# ^-^.^^ .', %<^^ - %^^ c^^. <^'' .v'^^V.. .<°^ -^'^ t.'?: ,*^'*- y %* ^-^^ *"-"^^ PV ^3- ''^.■ •<'<" .^^V >^ ^' 0^ '^'^ ' '^^ '*."^o* ^^' ./^-.. V y ^^.^ 'j^mSy ^ '^}^C^^ j^ ' iO^ ^''Aj* "> >° ^^^ ^^* ^^' ►i<\irA'o '^.p ^^-^ «' .V^'' - 5! ii