RATIYE OF FACTS 
 
 RELATIVE I 
 
 MASSACRE OF THE IRISH PROTESTAKTS 
 
 WEXFORD, SCULLABOGUE, AND VINEGAR HILL ; 
 
 IN THE YEAR 1798. 
 
 AND THEIU ANALOGY TO 
 
 THE PRESENT POSITION OF PROTESTANTS IN AMERICA. 
 
 Selected from Masgrave's History of the Irish Rebellion. 
 
 PHILADELPHI 
 WM. S. YOUNG, PRINTER— 50 N. SIXTH ST. 
 
 1846. 
 
 \ 
 
o^ 
 
 ^v 
 
 A NARRATIVE OF FACTS, 
 
 ETC. 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 There are few persons, comparatively, in this country, who 
 comprehend why the Irish protestants, who have emigrated 
 to the United States, are so apprehensive of the growing 
 power of the Roman catholics. It is with a view to dissemi- 
 nate useful information upon this subject among the Ameri- 
 can people, and particularly with the rising generation, that 
 the facts in relation to the massacre of the protestants at 
 Wexford, Scullabogue, and Vinegar Hill, Ireland, in the year 
 1798, have been collected and thrown together, and are now 
 published. The native American will not fail, during the 
 perusal of these few pages, to perceive in what a remarkable 
 manner the conduct of the Irish catholics, previously to, and 
 while paving the way for these bloody massacres, corresponds 
 with their recent acts and doings in this country, from which 
 it will be learned that here nothing restrains their hands but 
 the want of sufficient numbers. When that deficiency shall 
 have been overcome by the incessant additions to their 
 church by the daily importations that are taking place, the 
 protestants of the United States, like their predecessors of 
 Ireland, will be inevitably doomed to the same persecutions, 
 the same massacres. Romanism is the same at all times 
 and in all places, and although they may from policy or fear 
 restrain their hands for a time, no sooner will they have 
 gained sufficient strength and vigour from being warmed 
 and animated on American hearths^han they will, viper-like, 
 turn and sting their preservers. 
 
(ii) 
 
 Americans, while yet it is time, listen to the admonitions 
 of history — take warning from the fate of others, and do not 
 allow this fair land to be stained, as Ireland has been, with 
 the innocent blood of those whose only offence is an adhe- 
 rence to the true religion of the pure Jesus, as learned from 
 lis life and sayings, and the writings of his holy apostles. 
 Men of humanity and wisdom, do not, by your inaction, aid 
 in' the wild and bloody schemes of these unforgiving .Ro- 
 manists, who would fain trample under foot your boasted 
 constitution, and betray you and your posterity to a foreign 
 potentate. Politicians, of all parties, look well to what you 
 are doing. By courting the approbation of Romanists, and 
 calling in the aid of the bishops and priests, appointed and 
 removed at the will of the Pope, you may gain some ephe- 
 meral advantage over some local political adversary, but re- 
 member, that by so doing, you unite Church and State, and 
 thereby impair one of the most precious restraints of the 
 founders of your religious and civil liberty. Read the 
 following pages — mark the progress of events which they 
 disclose — dwell upon the awful sequel they represent, and 
 learn, from them, what is the only course for you to pursue, 
 to preserve yourselves against the machinations of Romanism, 
 the malice of popery, and the ambition of the Pope and his 
 clergy; and that God in his mercy, may preserve you free 
 and happy, is the prayer of 
 
 A Protestant Irishman. 
 
MASSACRE OF PROTESTANTS, IN THE YEAR 1798. 
 
 The County of Wexford had been generally noted for the peaceable 
 disposition of its inhabitants, and a chaste administration of justice, 
 which might be justly imputed to the comfort, and the constant occu- 
 pation, which its very extensive and flourishing agriculture affords to 
 the farmers and the peasantry, and the number of gentlemen who reside 
 on their estates. While many counties in Ireland were disgraced by 
 nocturnal robbery and assassination, committed by defenders and united 
 Irishmen, for five years previous to 1797, it was the pride and boast of 
 the Wexford gentlemen, that their county remained in perfect tran- 
 quillity. But in the autumn and winter of the year 1797, and in the 
 spring of the ensuing year, as there were well-grounded suspicions that 
 the mass of the people began to be infected by those baneful principles, 
 which have since proved fatal to the kingdom, that pikes had been 
 manufactured, that clubs had been formed in which illegal oaths had 
 been administered, meetings of the magistrates were held in different 
 parts of the county, to take into consideration the necessity of pro- 
 claiming those districts, where symptoms of disturbance had appeared. 
 
 From the beginning of the year 1797, it was perceived, by some ma- 
 gistrates of discernment, that the lower classes of the people were very 
 unwilling to pay their debts, or to fulfil any engagements; that they 
 appeared surly when called on to do so; and they were heard, when 
 angry, or drunk, to hint on such occasions, that they would soon have 
 an opportunity of being revenged. They were seen to remain later 
 than usual at fairs and markets, and in public houses, and to confer to- 
 gether in whispers. 
 
 So deep was the disguise of the popish multitude and their priests, 
 that the protestant ministers, church-wardens, parishioners of some 
 parishes, were prevailed on by them, to sign certificates of their loyalty 
 and peaceable deportment, in order to prevent the adoption of salutary 
 coercion, which would have checked their dangerous designs; yet those 
 very priests, and their flocks, displayed the most bitter and unrelenting 
 enmity .against those ministers and their congregations in the month of 
 May, and hunted them like wild beasts. 
 
 The symptoms of rebellion were so evident and alarming in the 
 month of April, that twenty-seven magistrates assembled at Ennis- 
 corthy, on the twenty-fifth of that month, and agreed that the 
 whole county should be proclaimed, and it accordingly took place 
 on the twenty-seventh; but Mr. Joshua Pounder strenuously urged 
 an exemption from its operation on that town, from a conviction of 
 the loyalty of its inhabitants; and Mr. Alcock, of Wilton, from 
 the -same motive, solicited a similar privilege for his tenants; 
 though the sequel proved that they were deceived. As one Webster, a 
 
(4) 
 
 protestant neighbour of Dr. Murphy, was returning from Gory, he met 
 him near Boulavogue, about four o'clock on Saturday, the twenty-sixth 
 of April, and was saluted by him with great cordiality; and yet, in about 
 three hours after, the Dr. was at the head of a numerous party of rebels, 
 who burned the houses of Webster and his brother, and many of his 
 protestant neighbours'. The Dr. collected his forces by lighting a fire 
 on a hill called Carrigrua, which signal was answered by another fire 
 on an eminence contiguous to his own house, at Boulavouge; soon after 
 which father Murphy set out on his crusade at the head of a numerous 
 band of followers. These outrages, the first symptoms of rebellion, were 
 communicated to the garrison of Enniscorthy in the following manner: 
 A party of these rebels attacked the house of the widow Piper, at Tin- 
 curry, four miles from that town, wounded her in a desperate manner, mur- 
 dered her nephew, a young man by the name of Candy, and wounded her 
 daughter, a married woman far gone with child, having broke her arm. 
 Her other daughter narrowly escaped by leaping out of a window, 
 mounted a horse, galloped off to Enniscorthy, and informed the garrison 
 quartered there of these atrocities, at seven o'clock in the evening. 
 
 About the hour of eleven o'clock that night, the Enniscorthy and 
 Healthfield yeomen cavalry, commanded by Captain Richards and Cap- 
 tain Grogan, proceeded to Tinkurry to disperse the rebels; and on 
 their arrival there, found all the circumstances of atrocity related by the 
 poor female fugitive to be strictly true; and they were also informed by 
 the mother, that the assassins principally concerned in them were one 
 Fitzpatrick and the Bulgers, a popish family, her near neighbours, with 
 whom she had always lived in the closest friendship, and that their en- 
 mity could have arisen from no other motive, but because she was of 
 the Protestant religion, and her two sons were in the service as yeo- 
 men. 
 
 The yeomen cavalry in progress that night overtook some of the re- 
 bels in arms, whom they put to death, and burned some of their houses, 
 which their inmates had deserted, and from which the furniture had 
 been removed and concealed. Soon after the yeomen returned to Ennis- 
 corthy, they were, alarmed a second time, by the arrival of a young 
 man of the name of Webster, who informed them that his father's house at 
 Garry britt, about five miles off, had been set on fire by a party of rebels, 
 and that he made his escape after having rushed through the flames. 
 On this intelligence, Captains Richards and Grogan set out a second time 
 with their corps of cavalry in pursuit of the rebels; and on their arrival at 
 Garrybritt, found the houses of the two Websters, brothers, John and 
 Robert, in flames, and the two daughters, one of them both handsome 
 and young, having narrowly escaped, were sitting in their shifts, in an 
 orchard near the house, shivering with cold. Their father, a man of 
 considerable substance, was in a moment reduced to poverty. The 
 houses and property of all the inhabitants of the town of Ferns were 
 plundered or destroyed, when they fled to Enniscorthy. The base in- 
 gratitude of the popish multitude towards Dr. Cleaver, bishop of Ferns, 
 deserves peculiar attention. That amiable prelate, as noted for his great 
 piety and extensive learning, as for his mildness and humility, resided 
 constantly in his diocess, which was by far the best regulated in the 
 kingdom. In the course of a few years, he had provided for about 
 twenty curates, without 'any recommendation but their own merit; in 
 consequence of which, his clergy were distinguished for their unre- 
 mitted practice of every religious and moral duty. His Lordship and 
 
( 5 ) 
 
 Mrs. Cleaver were singularly charitable to all the lower class of people 
 in the neighbourhood: he paid an apothecary in Ferns £30 a yenr to 
 attend his labourers; and he regularly employed a physician when 
 they were afflicted with maladies of a dangerous nature. 
 
 He supplied them with clothes and blankets every winter, and with 
 provisions at Christmas; and yet, horrid to relate, those very labourers 
 plundered his house of every valuable article in it, on the morning of 
 Whitsunday, and openly avowed their thirst for the blood of him and 
 Mrs. Cleaver. An orphan, whom he had found naked, and starving at 
 the age of seven years, and whom he had fed, and clothed, and in- 
 structed for six years in his palace, was the leader of these savages, 
 showed them every precious article of furniture, and assisted them in 
 breaking open the cellar. He used to preside at the head of the table, 
 and his toast was, " Damnation to all protestant bishops !" Some of 
 his lordship's English maid-servants were eye-witnesses to these scenes 
 of brutal ferocity. 
 
 A rebel, taken in arms near Scarawalsh Bridge, in the month of June, 
 was asked why they did not destroy the bishop's palace when they 
 plundered it, and he answered, that Father John Murphy, of Boula- 
 vouge, meant to keep it for himself. 
 
 Early on the morning of Whitsunday, Captain White, having been in- 
 formed that the rebels had risen the previous night in great force, and 
 were committing great outrages, proceeded to the place where they 
 were said to be assembled, with his own corps, and that of Lord 
 Courtown's. On his arrival there, he found the intelligence he had re- 
 ceived to be true. He pursued the insurgents, which he could easily 
 do, as their destructive progress was marked by the houses of pro- 
 testants in a state of conflagration. He ordered some of the stragglers, 
 whom he found in arms, to be put to death. One of them, whose life 
 was saved, confessed to Captain White, that the party whom they pur- 
 sued was headed by the Rev. John Murphy, of the parish of Hilcor- 
 muck; that they were determined to burn the house, and take the life 
 of every protestant that came in their way; that the inhabitants of the 
 country, for some miles round, were to assemble that night at Oulart, 
 and were to plunder and burn all the protestant houses that occurred in 
 their way thither. Captain White's party pursued the rebels within 
 six miles of Wexford, in hopes of being able to engage them; but when 
 they were within a musket shot of them, they halted, and faced about to 
 give them battle; at the same time a party of them formed at each side 
 of the road, with a view of surrounding them. The rebels amounted 
 to about four thousand, and the yeomen cavalry, who were armed onlv 
 with pistols and sabres, did not exceed eighty; and as they were en- 
 closed in a narrow road, where they could not act, Captain White verv 
 prudently ordered them to retreat. He then recommended to his yeo- 
 men to get their families into Gory as fast as possible. 
 
 The general rising of the rebels became more numerous, the defeat 
 of the North Cork detachment of Oulart, and the taking of Enniscorthy, 
 had spread so great an alarm, that two hundred of the Donegal regiment 
 commanded by Lieutenant-colonel Maxwell, arrived at Wexford on the 
 twenty-seventh day of May, to strengthen the garrison there, consisting 
 of the remainder of the North Cork, which did not amount to three 
 hundred effective men, the Healthfield and Enniscorthy cavalry, Captain 
 Ogle's infantry, the Enniscorthy infantry and the Wexford infantry, 
 commanded by Dr. Jacob, the Scarawalsh infantry, and the Wexford' 
 
( 6 ) 
 
 and Taghmon cavalry. As an additional re-enforcement to the gar- 
 rison, a detachment of the Meath regiment, and four officers, under the 
 command of Captain Adams, and one corporal and seventeen gunners of the 
 royal artillery, with two howitzers, commanded by Lieutenant Birch, 
 marched from Duncannon Fort to Wexford, on Thursday, the twenty- 
 ninth day of May. 
 
 When they arrived within four miles of Wexford, having seen ten 
 or twelve men on an eminence near the road, they prepared for action; 
 but after some time, not perceiving an enemy, they renewed their march. 
 Having arrived near the mountain of Forth, three miles from Wexford, 
 where the rebel camp was formed, they were surrounded on all sides 
 by a great number of rebels, who raised a white flag, and soon after 
 began a very severe fire, accompanied by the most dreadful yells.. 
 
 The militia, panic-struck by the numbers of the enemy, and the dark- 
 ness of the night, betook themselves to flight; in consequence of which, 
 eighty-nine of the privates and three officers, including Captain Adams, 
 who commanded, were cut to pieces; and, of the artillery, four gunners 
 were killed; a corporal and eleven men were taken prisoners, and the 
 howitzers and ammunition fell into the hands of the rebels. As soon as 
 they had taken the artillerymen, they were proceeding to put them to 
 death, but a rebel having asked of them what religion they were, a gun- 
 ner, of the name of Dungannon, answered that they were Roman ca- 
 tholics, which saved their lives; though, in fact, six of them were pro- 
 testants. Dungannon, being a papist, knew the object of their question. 
 
 Major-General Fawcett marched from Duncannon fort to Taghmon, 
 with eighty of the thirteenth regiment and a party of the Meath, to 
 support the detachment under Captain Adams; but, on hearing of their 
 defeat, he returned. As soon as Lieutenant-Colonel Maxwell was in- 
 formed of that event, he marched out with two hundred of the Done- 
 gal regiment, and about one hundred and fifty yeomen cavalry, to 
 support the thirteenth regiment, who were expected that morning at 
 Wexford. When he arrived at the foot of the Forth mountain, near 
 the place where the detachment of the Meath regiment was cut to 
 pieces, he was attacked by a numerous body of rebels, who maintained 
 a heavy fire on his party, from behind rocks, hedges and houses, which 
 lay at the foot of the mountain; and they discharged some shots at 
 them from the howitzers, which they had taken that morning. For 
 the purpose of embarrassing our troops, they drove a number of horses 
 along the road amongst them, which in some measure produced the de- 
 sired effect; and the confusion was very much increased by the preci- 
 pitate retreat of the cavalry, who pent up in a narrow road, where they 
 could not form or fire, found it necessary, for their safety, to fly to 
 Wexford. On this, a great body of the rebels rushed down from the 
 mountain, with a view of cutting off the retreat of the remainder of the 
 troops, and which they would have effected, but that the Donegal regi- 
 ment repulsed them by a heavy and well-directed fire. At last, Colonel 
 Maxwell, perceiving that he would risk much, and that no possible ad- 
 vantage could be derived from maintaining his post against so great a 
 superiority of numbers, ordered a retreat. In this action, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Watson, formerly of the fifty-sixth regiment, who had retired 
 to Wexford, and who volunteered on this occasion, lost his life, and 
 some privates of the Donegal were killed and wounded. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Maxwell, after he returned, held a council of 
 war, when it was resolved to evacuate the town as not tenable, for the 
 
(7 ) 
 
 following reasons: — The rebels encamped on the Three Rock Mountain, 
 not less in number than ten thousand, and, imboldened by their recent 
 victories, and the large quantity of arms and ammunition which they 
 had acquired, meditated an immediate attack on Wexford, and had even 
 put themselves in motion for that purpose; and it is well known, that 
 its rebellious inhabitants, who had been some time organized, and were 
 well supplied with arms and ammunition, would have fired on the garri- 
 son from the windows, while they were defending themselves from the 
 rebels outside; of which they had some convincing proofs. 
 
 The evacuation of Wexford took place on the thirtieth of May. 
 The necessity of that measure was fully proved by this circumstance, 
 that all the popish inhabitants of Wexford, with but few exceptions, 
 displayed their rebellious principles in the most sanguine manner as 
 soon as the king's troops left it, and produced great quantities of arms, 
 which they would have turned against them, if the town had been at- 
 tacked. 
 
 Such was the zeal of the rebels, that some of them endeavoured to 
 seduce the soldiers of the Donegal regiment, during the short time they 
 were in Wexford ; and one of them in the suburb through which they 
 retreated, brought to the door two loaded muskets, to fire at the co- 
 lumns when they were some distance; but a Donegal soldier, whom 
 he did not perceive, happened to be near, and shot him. 
 
 The evacuation of the town, which for prudential reasons was not 
 announced till the troops began their march, threw its loyal inhabitants 
 into the utmost consternation. Those who foresaw that the event must 
 have taken place, embarked a day or two before, in such vessels as they 
 could procure; but those who had no intimation of it till the retreat 
 began, got on board, precipitately, any vessels, even without decks, 
 which happened to be near the shore. Some Protestants, of active and 
 approved loyalty, dreading the immediate vengeance of the rebels, 
 waded up to their middle, to small boats, in which they were to be 
 carried to ships or sloops; and the boatmen, in many instances, exacted 
 three or four guineas for conveying them but one or two hundred 
 yards. Those whose infirmity or the want of money precluded from 
 the hope of escaping by sea, abandoned themselves to despair, dreading 
 the fate of the Enniscorthy loyalists. 
 
 Part of the garrison marched out of the barrier rather irregularly, 
 and with precipitation,' about an hour before the main body, consisting 
 of the following troops: — The Scarawalsh, infantry, commanded by 
 Captain Carnock, and some loyalists in coloured clothes. Part of the 
 North Cork, who were at the barrier, perceiving them, exclaimed, 
 "What! the yeomen and loyalists who fought at Enniscorthy are re- 
 treating, and some of the yeomen of this town have united with the 
 rebels; we won't stay here to be sacrificed;" on which they suddenly 
 joined them. Captain Snowe, of the North Cork, endeavoured to make 
 them return; but finding he could not influence them, thought it his 
 duty to head them, not only to prevent them from committing outrages, 
 but for their own preservation, to keep them in a state of subordina- 
 tion. 
 
 This party amounted to two hundred, including the soldiers of the 
 North Cork. The main body of the garrison, consisting of the Done- 
 gal militia, part of the North Cork, and many corps of yeomen infan- 
 try and cavalry, followed in about two hours after, under the command 
 of Lieutenant-Colonel Maxwell. 
 
( 8 ) 
 
 When the first party had advanced about four miles, they were in- 
 formed that a large body of rebels lay in wait for them at a small vil- 
 lage called Maglass, in the barony of Forth, about two miles farther on. 
 They, therefore, by the advice of Captain Carnock, took a circuitous 
 road towards the sea, and avoided them ; which was very fortunate, as 
 they might have been overpowered by the superiority of their numbers. 
 
 Disappointed of their object, the greater part of the rebels dispersed. 
 However, about five hundred of them, who remained in a strong posi- 
 tion at Maglass, attempted to oppose Colonel Maxwell's party, who 
 routed and killed a good many of them. 
 
 About-seven miles from Wexford, Captain Snowe overtook Mr. John 
 Colclough and his wife in a phaeton; and as he, from residing in that 
 country, and from being a rebel chieftain, had great influence there, the 
 captain resolved to detain him as a hostage, to prevent any attack from 
 being made on his detachment in their retreat. During their march, 
 large bodies of rebels frequently appeared behind the hedges, ready to 
 oppose them; and whenever that happened, Captain Snowe obliged 
 Mr. Colclough to stand up in fiis phaeton, as a token of amity: at other 
 times, Mr. Colclough waved his hat in the air, on which the rebels dis- 
 persed, — which evinced the great respect they bore him. 
 
 He had been liberated the day before, at Wexford, and said he was 
 going to his house at Ballyteigue, in the barony of Forth, though, in 
 fact, he was proceeding to join the rebels; yet, with singular dissimula- 
 tion, he, standing in his phaeton, drank the king's health, and said, 
 "Captain Snowe, remember that I am a loyal subject; I was committed 
 on a charge grounded on the malicious information of a villain." 
 
 Next day, Mrs. Colclough triumphantly entered Wexford, which 
 was in possession of the rebels, in her phaeton, adorned with green 
 emblems. 
 
 They compelled Mr. Colclough to accompany them to the river 
 Scarpass, when the tide being full, which made it impassable, they were 
 under the necessity of making a tour at least ten miles. 
 
 About six miles from Duncannon fort, when it was extremely dark, 
 they were attacked and fired on in the rear, by a party of rebel horse, 
 commanded by John Murphy, of Lougharageer, who afterwards headed 
 the Rossgarland corps of rebels, and was concerned in burning the barn 
 at Scullabogue. The soldiers, after firing a few random shots, were 
 panic-struck, and fled to Taylorstovvn bridge; on which, having thronged 
 in great numbers, they were very much exposed to a heavy fire from 
 the rebels, who were posted on an adjacent furze-brake on a hill. 
 
 Many persons were killed on the bridge, and among them, two wo- 
 men, — one a soldier's wife, the other a beautiful young girl, extremely 
 well dressed, who was the daughter of an Enniscorthy Protestant, and 
 who had retreated with them from that town. 
 
 About fifty of the North Cork and the yeomanry were taken prison- 
 ers, and a good many were killed. James Neale, one of the band of 
 music, his wife, and another woman, who became their prisoners, were 
 perforated with pikes in a most barbarous manner. After having strip- 
 ped them of the principal part of their clothes, their bodies were con- 
 veyed to a newly-ploughed field, and covered lightly with sods. Neal's 
 wife, in whom life was not quite extinguished, recovered in the night, 
 and removed the sods; and, finding her husband's bloody shirt and 
 waistcoat, she covered herself with them, and crept to Tintern, from 
 whence she w r as sent on a car to Duncannon fort, and from thence to 
 
Waterford, where she was completely cured in the hospital. Her legs, 
 thighs and arms had many pike wounds; and her head was swollen and 
 ulcerated with them. 
 
 As Captain Snowe's party, attacked in a strange country, and during a 
 dark night, were panic-struck and dispersed, he was left quite alone, 
 and arrived at Duncannon fort about seven in the morning, after having 
 experienced various dangers and distresses, and overcome with fatigue 
 and hunger. Lieutenant-Colonel Maxwell's party retreated by Mag- 
 lass, Bridgetown, Baldwinstown, and Duncornuck, and the pass of the 
 Scar, at Barrietstown; where, having been obstructed by the tide, they 
 halted some time to refresh the troops, and went thence to Duncannon 
 fort by P'oulke's mill. Thus the retreat of the garrison of Wexford 
 was in a great measure performed, during a dark night, in a country 
 whose inhabitants were hostile, and in a state of insurrection; yet in 
 the course of their march of eighteen hours, they had not received any 
 nourishment. 
 
 Before I proceed tcgive the readei* a description of the entry of the 
 rebels into the town of Wexford, of which they got possession the 30th 
 of May, and of the events which occurred there, I shall endeavour to 
 give him an idea of their different strong posts and encampments, and 
 of the objects which they were desirous of attaining; and in this, their 
 plans appear to have been systematic, and guided by policy and fore- 
 sight. 
 
 Confident of success, from their recent victories, and the numerous 
 hordes assembled on the mountain of Fort and Vinegar-hill, and as 
 multitudes were hourly flocking to their standard, they divided the 
 army into three divisions. 
 
 One, under the command of Bagenal Harvey and father Philip 
 Roche, of Poulpeasty, in the parish of Killan, was to form a camp on 
 Carrickbyrne-hill, for the purpose of attacking the town of New Ross. 
 Another, under father Kearns, Captain Doyle, and Captain Redmond, 
 nephew of father Redmond, parish priest of Ferns, marched to Vine- 
 gar-hill, from whence they were to proceed to take Newtown-Barry. 
 The third, commanded by Anthony Perry, of Inch, father Michael 
 Murphy, of Ballycanoe, and father John Murphy, of Boulavogue, was 
 destined to attack Gory; and, having taken it, to march to Dublin. 
 
 I will now proceed to relate the principal occurrences which took 
 place in the town of Wexford, from Wednesday, to the thirtieth day of 
 May, when the rebels got possession of it, till the twenty-first day of 
 June, when they were expelled from it. Some time after it was evacu- 
 ated by the king's troops, the rebels approached it, headed by Edward 
 Roche, a farmer, who had been permanent sergeant in Colonel Le- 
 hunte's corps of yeomen cavalry; and having deserted from them on 
 Whitsunday, became a rebel general. When they came to a place called 
 the Spring, within two hundred yards of the town, they knelt down 
 and crossed themselves, and prayed for some time. A person in the 
 van of the army, when advanced to the middle of the town, having by 
 chance fired a shot, the rear, who were outside, fled with precipitation, 
 from motives of fear. As they passed through the streets, they uttered 
 the most dreadful yells, and for three days after their arrival, they con- 
 tinued to plunder, every rebel gratifying his revenge against those to- 
 wards whom he bore any enmity. They appointed a committee of 
 seven, invested with supreme command, in which Bagenal Harvey was 
 appointed president, after having been disposed, and a subordinate com- 
 
( io ) 
 
 mittee for the government of the town, which they divided into wards, 
 in each of which they appointed an armed company, with officers of 
 different degrees. 
 
 They then chose certain persons to distribute provisions, and for that 
 purpose, to give tickets to the inhabitants to entitle them to a rateable 
 proportion of them, according to the number of inhabitants in each 
 house. The habitations of all the Protestants who made their escape 
 were plundered, many of them were demolished, and but few of those 
 who remained in the town were spared. All the Protestant men were 
 immediately committed to prison, except a few leaders who were really 
 attached to their cause, or who affected to be so, to save their lives, or 
 those who concealed themselves. 
 
 On Trinity Sunday, the third of June, a man of the name of Mur- 
 phy, of the popish persuasion, was shot in a small place, formerly called 
 the Bull-ring, now Fountain-square, for having prosecuted a priest of 
 the name of Dixop, for being a United Irishman. W. Middleton Rob- 
 son, a gauger, and Messrs. Pigot and Julian, surveyors of excise, all 
 Protestants and prisoners in jail, were brought forth and compelled to 
 shoot him. By way of increasing the ignominy of his death, they had 
 him executed by heretics. Previous to the execution, the rebel pike- 
 men, who acted as guards, crossed themselves, knelt down and prayed 
 some time for his soul. As soon as the victim fell, the bloody Thomas 
 Dickson, first cousin of the priest, drew his sword, ran it through his 
 body, and having held it up to public view, reeking with blood, ex- 
 claimed, "Behold! the blood of a traitor;" and then he ordered the sur- 
 rounding pikemen to plunge their pikes into the body. Dixon, the priest, 
 convicted on his evidence, was condemned to be transported. This ex- 
 ecution took place, soon after the celebration of mass at the public 
 chapel ; and previous to it father Corrin, the parish priest, administered 
 the rites of his church to him. Yet he, or any of the priests in Wex- 
 ford, could have saved the life of Murphy without any difficulty. 
 These facts were proved on the trial of Michael M'Daniel, one of the 
 assassins, held at Wexford, the eighteenth of June, 1799. 
 
 On Monday morning, the fourth of June, another man of the name of 
 Murphy, a papist, was shot, for having given information against the 
 rebels. His executioners were three protestant prisoners, Charles Jack- 
 son, Jonas Gurley, and Kenneth Matthewson.* Edward Fraine, a man 
 of some opulence, and who was supposed to gain jC300 a year as a tan- 
 ner, was officer of the guard. When the executioners were brought 
 into the yard, Fraine addressed Charles Jackson, and had the following 
 conversation with him: — "Mr. Jackson, I believe you know what we 
 want of you." He answered, "Yes, I suppose I am going to die." He 
 then fell upon his knees, and begged that he might be allowed to go and 
 see his wife and child. Fraine swore he should not, and informed him, 
 that a man was to die that evening at six o'clock, and that he did not 
 know any more proper person to execute him, than he and the two 
 others. He added, that he supposed that he could have no objection to 
 the business, as the culprit was a Roman Catholic. Jackson replied, 
 "Sir, should I have no objection to commit murder?" Fraine said, "You 
 need not talk about murder : if you make any objections, you shall be 
 put to death in ten minutes ; but if you do your business properly, you 
 
 * These men were much esteemed in Wexford. Gurley and Matthewson 
 were afterwards murdered by the rebels on the 20th of June. 
 
( 11 ) 
 
 may live two or three days longer; so I expect you will be ready this 
 evening at six o'clock." Another rebel captain insultingly addressed 
 him in the following manner : " If you could get a few orange ribands 
 to tie round your neck during the execution, it would, I think, have 
 a pretty appearance." The executioners were remanded to their cells, 
 where they remained praying till six o'clock in the evening, when they 
 were brought into the jail yard, where they found the prisoner Mur- 
 phy surrounded by a thousand armed rebels. 
 
 The procession to the place of execution, which was about a mile and 
 a half off, at the other side of the bridge, was in the following order: 
 A large body of pikemen, who formed a hollow square; a black flag; 
 the drum and fife ; Murphy, the condemned man, next followed by 
 Jackson, with Gurley and Matthewson behind him. When this ar- 
 rangement took place, the dead march was struck up, and beat till 
 they arrived at the spot where the victim was to fall a sacrifice 
 to their fanatical vengeance. He was placed on his knees close to 
 the river and with his back to it. Previous to the execution, the rebels 
 knelt down and prayed for about five minutes; which ceremony was 
 adopted as in the former instance. The rebels were ordered to form a 
 semi-circle, with an opening towards the water. Charles Jackson asked 
 permission to tie his cravat about the poor man's eyes ; but they desired 
 him not to be nice about such matters, as it would be his own case in 
 a few minutes. When the musket was called for, it was suggested, that 
 if they gave three at once to the executioners, they might turn about 
 and fire at them. It was therefore resolved, that they should fire one 
 at a time. Matthewson, the first person appointed to shoot, missed fire 
 three times. They gave him another musket, with which he shot Mur- 
 phy in the arm. Jackson was next called upon; and as they suspected 
 that he would turn and fire on them, two men advanced at each side of 
 him, with cocked pistols, and two men with cavalry swords were placed 
 behind him, who threatened him with instant death if he missed the 
 mark. He fired, and the poor man instantly fell dead ; after which Gur- 
 ley was obliged to fire at the body, while prostrate on the ground. It was 
 then proposed that Jackson should wash his hands in his blood, but it 
 was overruled, as some of the rebels said he had done his business well. 
 A ring was then formed round the body, and a song in honour of the 
 Irish Republic was sung to the tune of" God save the King." 
 
 This dreadful business took up about three hours, after which the ex- 
 ecutioners were marched back to prison. These circumstances relating 
 to it are to be found in Charles Jackson's narrative, and they were con- 
 firmed by the evi'dence given on the trial of Matthew Green of Wex- 
 ford, who was tried, condemned and executed there, for having acted as 
 a rebel officer at this atrocious scene. 
 
 Charles Jackson informs us, and I have been assured by different persons 
 of veracity, that protestants were frequently taken out of Wexford pri- 
 sons, and conveyed to the different camps, and in particular to Vinegar- 
 Hill, to be executed there. This was done whenever they were at a 
 loss to supply the sacrifice of protestant victims, which was daily made, 
 as a regale to the rebels when they were on parade. 
 
 James Lett, chandler, Richard Leech, master shoemaker, William 
 Mooney, who kept the Fox-Inn at Enniscorthy, and John Hawkins, 
 were taken from Wexford by a rebel guard, who was to convey them. 
 to the grand slaughter-house, Vinegar-hill. Finding that they were to 
 die near their own homes, they prevailed on a rebel, who was attached 
 
( 12 ) 
 
 to them, to go before them with speed, and to prevail on their neigh- 
 bours to come forward, and to use their friendly intercession for pre- 
 serving their lives. The rebel guard, dreading that they might 
 possibly escape through the humane interference of their friends, de- 
 spatched them at a place called Lacken, threw them into one grave, and 
 covered them lightly with sods. They were all, except Hawkins, half 
 alive, when buried, and groaned and struggled a great deal, while the 
 rebels were interring them. 
 
 On the morning of the twentieth of June, four protestants of the names 
 of Cavenagh, Willis, Furlong, and Priscott, were conveyed from the 
 jail at Wexford to Vinegar-hill, and shot there. 
 
 The defeat of the rebels at Ross, sublimated their vengeance against 
 the protestants in most parts of the country, but particularly at Sculla- 
 bogue, Vinegar-hill, and Wexford. Charles Jackson tells us, that on the 
 day it was announced fifteen of the Wexford and ten of the Enniscorthy 
 people, were ordered out of the jail, to revenge the loss that the rebels 
 had sustained[at Ross. He sa} r s, "When this notice was given, Iran into 
 my cell, got upon my knees in a dark corner, and pulled some straw 
 over me ; but a man of the name of Pendergast* came in, drew me out, 
 uttering shocking oaths against me. He dragged me into the yard, 
 where I fpund my unhappy comrades on their knees. One of them 
 who had been a protestant, but had become a papist, and who was now 
 imprisoned on charge of being an Orangeman, requested to have the 
 priest with him, before he died. This was immediately granted, and 
 a messenger was sent to father Corrin, the Roman Catholic priest at 
 Wexford. He presently came, and to give effect to his admoni- 
 tion and intercession, he dressed himself in his -cowl, and bore a 
 crucfix in his hand. He held up the crucifix, and all present fell 
 on their knees. He exhorted them in the most earnest manner. 
 He conjured, as they hoped for mercy, to show it. He said he 
 could witness, that Wexford people had never fired upon them, that 
 they were all good Catholics, and that he could not say mass for them, 
 if they persisted in their cruel resolutions. At last he influenced them so 
 far as "to return into the jail the fifteen Wexford men; but for those 
 from Enniscorthy he could obtain no remission for them, (being pro- 
 testants.) They were conveyed, to Vinegar-hill, and executed there. 
 It was considered a great crime for the protestants to have defended 
 their town against father John Murphy and his assassins. 
 
 It will reflect eternal disgrace, shame, and dishonour, on the popish 
 priests of the county of Wexford, of whom numbers were constantly in 
 town, besides those who resided there, for having suffered such atroci- 
 ties to be committed by their sanguinary flock, over whom they had 
 unbounded influence, and by whom they were not only revered as men, 
 but adored as gods. The savage pikemen never met them in the street, 
 without bowing low with their hats off, and continued so while they were 
 in sight, and they never met Dr. Caulfield, the popish bishop, without 
 falling on their knees and receiving his benediction. The rebels, on 
 hearing of their defeat at Ross, and that an attack on Vinegar-hill and 
 other places was likely to follow, resolved to evacuate Wexford. I shall 
 relate that event, and the dreadful massacre of protestants which took 
 place the day before, and which has cast such an indelible stain on that 
 county, that every Irishman, who feels for the honour of his native 
 land, should wish that its very name were expunged from the map of 
 
 * An opulent shopkeeper and malster, who was hanged soon after. 
 
( 13 ) 
 
 Ireland. From the sanguinary spirit which the rebels manifested on 
 all occasions during the rebellion towards that sect of Christians, there 
 is not a doubt but that l!hey meant to extirpate them as soon as they had 
 obtained a decided superiority over the government ; and their leaders 
 never failed to practise every artifice they could devise, to make them 
 believe they were in a fair way of attaining it. But when their delu- 
 sions were removed, and they saw a numerous and well appointed 
 army march into the county of Wexford, they were stung with despair, 
 and resolved to indulge their fanatical hatred against protestants, by 
 murdering such of them as were prisoners. Joseph Gladwin, the jailer 
 of Wexford, an Englishman, .and reputed a man of veracity and hu- 
 manity, has declared that Thomas Dixon proposed to get rid of the 
 protestant prisoners at once, by setting fire to the jail, but Gladwin 
 said, that it would be impossible to accomplish it, as the floors in every 
 story were arched. He then proposed to burn them in the streets, on 
 which Gladwin slipped backwards, and related the infamous design of 
 Dixon to Bagenal Harvey, who expressed great horror at it; and said 
 he did not think that matters would ever have proceeded to that dread- 
 ful excess, and that he did not know how soon it might be his own case. 
 
 I shall give the readers an account of this tragical affair, as related to 
 me by some respectable persons who resided in Mr. Hatchel's house 
 very near the bridge, where it was perpetrated, and who were eye-wit-, 
 nesses to it. 
 
 " Between the hours of ten and eleven o'clock on the morning of the 
 twentieth of June, we saw a body of rebels coming over the bridge, 
 bearing a black flag with a cross and the letters M. W. S. inscribed on 
 it in white ; which was supposed to mean murder without sin, and on 
 the other side a red cross. After having made a procession through 
 part of the town, they fixed that woful harbinger of death on the custom- 
 house^ quay, near the fatal spot where so much blood was soon to be 
 shed; and where it remained flying for about two hours before the 
 butchery began. 
 
 " Soon after they arrived at the quay, they seemed to disperse ; how- 
 ever, many of them remained there ; and repaired to one particular place, 
 where drink was given to them, and where a priest was very bus}^ in 
 distributing it, and who, they believed, remained there till they left 
 the quay, shouting " to the jail ! to the jail !" when they all disappeared, 
 but returned about four o'clock to the bridge, with a number of prison- 
 ers, whom they massacred. They thus continued till about seven 
 o'clock to convey parties of prisoners from ten to twenty, from the jail 
 and the market-house, where many of them were confined, to the bridge, 
 where they butchered them. Every procession was presented by the 
 black flag, and the prisoners were surrounded by ruthless pikemen, as 
 guards, who often insultingly desired them to bless themselves. 
 
 "The mob consisting of more women than men, expressed their savage 
 joy on the immolation of each of the victims, by loud huzzas. 
 
 "The manner in general of putting them to death, was this: Two 
 rebels pushed their pikes into the breast of their victim, and two into 
 his back ; and in that state (writhing with torture) they held him sus- 
 pended, till dead, and threw him over the bridge into the water. 
 
 "After they had massacred ninety-seven prisoners in that manner, 
 and before they could proceed farther in their business, an express rode 
 up in great haste, and bid them beat to arms, as Vinegar-hill was beset, 
 and re-enforcements were wanting. There was immediately a cry 'to the 
 
( 14 ) 
 
 campj! to the camp !' "The rebels seemed in such confusion that the 
 massacre was discontinued. " 
 
 "In (he moment of confusion, the reverend Mr. Corrin, parish priest 
 of Wexford, arrived on the bridge, to divert them from their sanguinary 
 designs, and which it is said, he did to the utmost of his power. Soon 
 after his arrival, he knelt down on the very spot where the blood had 
 been spilled, and said some prayers. After which the rebels rose from 
 their knees, and exclaimed, < Come on, boys, in the name of God, to the 
 camp ! Thank God, we have sent these souls to hell." ' They then 
 accordingly set out for the camp. 
 
 " It is remarkable that the savage pikemen knelt down, lifted up their 
 hands, and prayed apparently with devotion, before they proceeded to 
 commit any of the murders." 
 
 A lady who was in Mr. Hatchel's house near the bridge, where this 
 sanguinary scene took place, described it thus in her diary which I 
 quoted before : " About three o'clock captain Dickson came to the quay, 
 calling out, ' to the jail !' He was followed up the custom-house lane by 
 numbers. They returned some time after to the bridge. I thought 
 some alarm had induced them to leave the town, and sat eagerly watch- 
 ing till I beheld, yes, I saw, absolutely saw, a poor fellow cry for life, 
 and was then most barbarously murdered. 
 
 "To give an account of the hellish scenes is beyond my strength : 
 nor could any person desire to hear it. No savages ever put their pri- 
 soners to more deliberate torture. I saw a boat go to the prison-ship, and 
 bring my friends and acquaintances, (who on landing passed by our 
 door,) to torture and death. I saw the horrid wretches kneel on the 
 quay, lift up their hands, seeming to pray with the greatest devotion, 
 then rise and join, or take the place of other murderers. Their yells of 
 delight at the sufferings of their victims will ever, I believe sound in my 
 ears. 
 
 "To describe what we all suffered would be impossible. I never shed 
 a tear, but felt all over in the most bodily pain. We expected life only 
 till the prisons and the ships were emptied ; when an express came to 
 say the army were marching to Vinegar-hill camp, and that if they did 
 not re-enforce it immediately, all was lost. The town priest then, and 
 not till then, made his appearance. The leader of the murderers called 
 to his men, in these words, which I distinctly heard, 'Come, my lads, we 
 will now go : blessed be God, we have sent some of their souls to hell !' 
 They went off really as if they had been performing a praiseworthy and 
 religious action." 
 
 Mr. James Goodall had been taken out of the prison ship, and con- 
 veyed to the bridge, to be murdered ; but was saved by the interference 
 of Roche, the lay-general, who declared upon oath on his trial, " That the 
 assassins on the bridge were like a pack of starving hounds, rushing on 
 their game." 
 
 Mr. Corrin had slept the preceding night at Clonard, two miles off, 
 to christen a child for Mr. Killett, who was in the prison-ship, and 
 whose wife was of the popish persuasion. She, Mrs. Bland, and Mrs. 
 Crump, earnestly entreated him to save the lives of their husbands, who 
 were in the prison-ship, and he faithfully promised to do so. This I 
 heard from one of these ladies. Previous to his departure he seemed 
 so much agitated by fear, as the king's fiigates and gun-boats appeared 
 outside the harbour, that he could scarcely go through the service of bap- 
 
( 15 ) 
 
 tizing the child; and he piteously besought them to protect him, as he 
 would protect their husbands. 
 
 When they had put to death, on the bridge, a good many of the priso- 
 ners confined in the jail, they sent a boat to the prison-ship, and called 
 for Messrs. Cox and Turner. After having plunged two pikes into the 
 bosom of the former, he jumped into the water from the bridge, but 
 was shot as soon as he rose. 
 
 Mr. Turner, a magistrate, who beheld the woful spectacle, was next 
 brought forward: they consulted about raising his body on their pikes, 
 and carrying it through the streets, as the) 7 harboured the most insatiable 
 revenge against him, because he was an active justice of the peace, and 
 a zealous protestant. His own postillion, Thomas Cleary, insisted on 
 having the gratification of shedding his blood; but the intemperate ea- 
 gerness of the pikemen for carnage, operated like mercy towards him, 
 for a number of them joined in perforating his body with pikes, and 
 threw it over the bridge. 
 
 Mr. Lehunt was next sent for to the prison-ship, but he fortunately 
 happened to be in the jail, where he eluded their search in the corner of 
 a cell. Their mistake, and the delay occasioned by it, very fortunately 
 saved his life, as the express arrived, and the alarm took place in the 
 mean time. 
 
 Mr. Hore, of Harper's town, nephew to the earl of Courtown, a most 
 respectable, amiable, inoffensive gentleman, and Mr. Killett, were next 
 brought from the prison-ship. The former was asked whether he had 
 any person who could speak in his favour. He said he had not, but re- 
 quested time to find a person who could do so. He was then asked 
 whether he wajs connected with Mr. Boyd, member for the town. 
 He answered, by saying that Mr. Boyd wag married to his sister, to 
 which the rebels replied, that is enough; and having immediately mas- 
 sacred him with their pikes, they threw him into the river. Mr. Ed- 
 wards, taken out of the prison-ship, was saved, because he was married 
 to a popish wife. It was asked, by one of the rebels, whether he had ever 
 prevented his wife from going to mass. Another, who was friendly 
 to him, answered in the negative, and said, he had often attended his 
 wife to the chapel, and had gone for her when mass was over; on which 
 he was discharged. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Atkin, married to a protestant, was murdered. 
 
 Another person of the same name, and his two sons, were saved, be- 
 cause it was believed that his father was married to a popish wife. 
 
 The bloody Thomas Dickson, and his wife, were present at, and su- 
 perintended this dreadful scene of carnage, on horseback. 
 
 When the rebels retreated from the bridge, on the alarm given by 
 General Roche, Dickson and his wife attempted to follow them; but 
 their horses started at the immense quantity of blood that was shed on 
 the bridge, and refused to pass through it, on which they dismounted, 
 and led their horses over the bridge; she, at the same time, holding up 
 her riding habit, lest it should be stained with blood. She was heard 
 to desire the rebels not to waste their ammunition, but to give the pri- 
 soners plenty of piking. 
 
 It reflects indelible disgrace on the popish priests of Wexford, of 
 whom there were no less than fifteen or sixteen in the town during the 
 perpetration of these massacres, that none of them, except father Corrin, 
 ever interfered to prevent them. They evinced the most unbounded 
 influence on all occasions; for no protestant was ever injured, who was 
 
( 16 ) 
 
 so fortunate as to obtain a protection from one of them. It has been 
 said, in defence of the priests, that they had been totally ignorant of the 
 massacres till Mr. Killett sent to father Corrin. 
 
 It was well known, at an early hour, that the rebels meditated these 
 scenes of savage cruelty, and their intention was announced by the pro- 
 cessions which they made with a black flag. The assassinations at the 
 jail, about two; on the bridge between three and four, and ended be- 
 tween seven and eight. At different times, the prisoners were conveyed 
 in numbers of from ten to twenty, surrounded by ferocious pikemen, 
 and preceded by that ensign of death, through the principal streets of 
 the town. 
 
 When every person of humanity in Wexford was petrified with 
 horror at such tragic scenes, which continued for five hours, could the 
 priests alone have remained ignorant of them in so small a town as 
 Wexford? The idea is too absurd. 
 
 I have been informed, that a young man from Ross, who acted with 
 the rebels, but who had more humanity than most of them, went to 
 Dr. Caulfield, informed him of the massacres which were going forward, 
 and besought him to prevent them, but he refused to interfere himself, 
 but said he would send father Roche, his chaplain, who was present, 
 for that purpose; but he never was known to exert himself. The 
 person who gave this notice to Dr. Caulfield, with whom father Corrin 
 had dined, related it to many persons who assured me of it. 
 
 Mr. George Taylor, a man of great veracity, wrote a history of the 
 rebellion in the County of Wexford, of which he is a native.- He is 
 considered as one favourable to the Roman catholics, and he tells us, 
 that " while this work was going on, a rebel captain, being shocked at 
 the cries of the victims, ran to the popish bishop, who was then 
 drinking wine with the utmost composure after dinner; and knowing 
 that he could stop the massacre sooner than any other person, entreated 
 him, for the mercy of God, to come and save the prisoners. He, in a 
 very unconcerned manner, replied, it was no affair of his; and re- 
 quested the captain to sit down and take a glass of wine with him; 
 adding, that the people must be gratffied. The captain refused the 
 bishop's invitation, and, filled with abhorrence and distress of mind, 
 walked silently away." 
 
 While they were despatching Mr. Hore, of Harperstown, Mr. Kil- 
 lett, who was the next intended victim, sent a person in the crowd, who 
 had formerly lived with him as servant, for priest Corrin, who dined at 
 Dr. Caulfield's, the popish bishop, to let him know his perilous situa- 
 tion; and he instantly repaired to the bridge, threw himself between 
 Mr. Killett and the pikemen, saying that they should not kill Mr. K. 
 without first butchering him. Having thus rescued him, he first led 
 him to his own house, and afterwards to Clonard, about two miles off, 
 the seat of Mr. Killett, who kept Mr. Corrin at his house till next day, 
 to protect him from the military, who was expected in Wexford. It 
 was universally believed, that father Corrin's interference did not pro- 
 ceed from pure motives of humanity, but from a preconcerted agree- 
 ment with Mr. Killett, fOr the following reasons: " He did not approach 
 the bridge, or use any exertion, till he received Mr. Killett's message, 
 at the bishop's, and then he led him away under his protection; he left 
 the other prisoners on their knees in the hands of the ruthless pikemen, 
 without offering to interfere for their preservation. 
 
 A person of the utmost veracity, who was led outto execution, and 
 
( 17 ) 
 
 narrowly escaped, has positively asserted, that he believed father Corrin 
 would not have interfered at all, but that he imagined that there was a 
 complete reverse of fortune, in consequence of the alarm occasioned by 
 the arrival of the messenger from Vinegar-hill; but this person was 
 ignorant of the secret compact which he had made with Mi's. Killett.* 
 On the trial of Peter Byrne and Ignatius Rossiter, at Wexford, the for- 
 mer the fourteenth of June, 1799; the latter the seventeenth of Febru- 
 ary, 1800, two members of the bloody committee that sat in the jail, 
 the following facts w T ere proved upon oath: Kennet Matthewson, John 
 Atkin, Richard and Joseph Ganford, Protestants and prisoners in the 
 jail, were led before the sanguinary tribunal to be tried. One of the 
 prisoners having asked Rossiter, " What they meant to do with them?" 
 he replied, that "They were on the black list." Peter Byrne, member 
 of the committee, had a pistol in his hand, and on seeing the prisoners, 
 exclaimed in a rage, "It is not by two or three that you are to let us 
 have the prisoners, (meaning to execute,) for if you do not let us have 
 
 them by the dozen, by J s, I will blow up the jail in two minutes." 
 
 John Rossiter, another member of the committee, showed John Atkin 
 the form of an oath which he said the committee had taken, and the 
 instructions which they had received to regulate the manner of proceed- 
 ing; that early on that day, a man went to him where he was confined, 
 and showed him a list, which he said was the black list, which he had 
 got from the committee sitting below stairs. The prisoners were then 
 led to the committee-room door, but were kept outside it. The man, 
 who first accused Matthewson, rushed into the room with a party of 
 rebels, who dragged him out. When the bloody committee was going 
 to see Matthewson put to death, John Rossiter, having a regard for 
 Atkin, and wishing to save his life, put him into the committee-room, 
 desired him to shut himself in, and not to appear at the windows, lest 
 he should be shot. He entered the room, and saw Matthewson shot 
 and butchered with pikes in the street. There was a table in the com- 
 mittee-room, on which there were pens, ink, and paper, and a green 
 book, which, having put into his pocket, he crept under a bed, where 
 he lay concealed till John Rossiter afterwards, when the committee had 
 adjourned, led him back to his cell, where he concealed the book, con- 
 taining a calendar of all the Protestants at that time prisoners in Wex- 
 ford. The committee were much incensed at the loss of their book, 
 but could not account for it. The reader may well conceive the pertur- 
 bation of John Atkin. who lay concealed under the bed while the 
 members of the committee were vowing vengeance against the person 
 who carried off the book. The amiable lady, whose diary I have 
 quoted, says in it, "Mr. Pat. Redmond, a Roman Catholic, and one of 
 the committee for provisions, came to us the evening of the day the 
 massacre was committed. He was, like ourselves, half dead with hor- 
 ror, and declared that he entreated the priests to come down with their 
 crucifixes, and prevent the massacre; but they all refused to do so. We 
 told him that father Broe said he had saved nineteen prisoners. 
 
 "This Mr. Redmond denied, and said it was the express that saved 
 them. He told us, that the black flag meant that every one of that 
 party had taken the black test oath.f He said that a man went into the 
 
 * When he baptized her child, he promised to save her husband, because she 
 was a Roman Catholic. 
 
 t I, A. B., do solemnly swear by the Lord Jesus Christ, who suffered for us 
 on the cross, and by the blessed Virgin Mary, that I will burn, destroy and mur- 
 der all heretics, up to my knees in blood. So help me God. 
 2 
 
( 18 ) 
 
 shop where he was, and asked another to give him the black test oath. 
 This was refused, and the person who asked left the shop; on which 
 the man who wanted to take the oath said, 'That fellow shall be one of 
 the first I will kill; but as to the oath I don't care, for another will give 
 it to me.' This oath was found in various places and on different rebels 
 who were killed." 
 
 A gentleman of the utmost veracity assured me, that father Murphy- 
 wrote on many doors in Wexford, a Latin inscription, with his name, 
 and the sign of the cross annexed to it. This, it is supposed, was some 
 mark of distinction. This is the same individual who, at the battle of 
 Arklow, took out of his pocket some musket-balls, which he said were 
 fired by the enemy, and some of which had hit him without wounding 
 him, and others he had caught in his hands. He assured them, at the 
 same time, that the balls of heretics could not injure them, as they were 
 under the protection of the Almighty, in whose cause they were fight- 
 ing, provided they were steadfast in the faith. By that stratagem, he 
 prevailed on many of the deluded wretches to follow him; and they 
 successively became victims of their superstition and temerity. Father 
 Murphy, after many escapes, fell himself by a cannon shot, within a 
 few yards of the barricade, while shouting to his followers, and waving 
 in his hand a fine standard, with a cross, and "Liberty or death" in- 
 scribed on it. The fall of this church-militant hero had an immediate 
 effect in damping their ardour, which from that moment began to abate. 
 
 The rebels, being apprized of the army advancing to Wexford, de- 
 termined to make their escape as quick as possible, and began to relreat 
 from the town in the utmost confusion. Mrs. Dickson, wife to the 
 bloody Thomas Dickson, who accompanied him on horseback, with a 
 sword and a case of pistols, clapped the rebels on the back and encou- 
 raged them, by saying, "We must conquer; I know we must conquer:" 
 and she exclaimed, repeatedly, "My Saviour tells me we must con- 
 quer!" 
 
 They repaired to the bridge to stop the retreat of the rebels; but in 
 vain, though Mrs. Dickson drew a pistol, and swore vehemently that 
 she would shoot any one of them who would refuse to return with her, 
 to put the remainder of the heretics to death. They endeavoured to 
 raise the portcullis of the bridge, to prevent their retreat, but were un- 
 able to do so. 
 
 Governor Keugh came into the street, and said aloud, "Gentlemen, 
 fly to the camp at the mountain of Forth; you have nothing else for it; 
 go there and defend yourselves!" Some of them, as they were retreat- 
 ing, but particularly to young M'Gauley, of Oulart, who was afterwards 
 hanged, cried out, "Let us fire the town!" But they had not time to 
 do so, for in a few minutes there was not a rebel in it. 
 
 Soon after the massacres, on the twentieth of June, the following 
 sentences were carved on the portcullis of the bridge, the place where 
 the murders were perpetrated, and they were legible in the month of 
 June, 1799: "Sacred to the Christian doctrine of sending Orangemen 
 to the meadows of ease, June, 1798. The holy heretics that were 
 slain." 
 
( 19 ) 
 
 MASSACRE AT SCULLABOGUE. 
 
 I contemplate with horror, and relate with reluctance, an occur- 
 rence which took place on the day of the battle of Ross, which will 
 remain a lasting disgrace to human nature, and an indelible stain on the 
 county of Wexford. During the encampment of the rebels on Carrick- 
 byrne hill, a party of them were posted at Scullabogue, within half a 
 mile of the camp, where a barn was converted into a prison, for the 
 confinement of Protestant prisoners. Bands of assassins were sent 
 round the adjacent country in quest of Protestants, whom they meant 
 to extirpate, when they accomplished their final purpose of overturning 
 the government. 
 
 On the eve of the thirteenth of May, Captain King, the proprietor 
 of Scullabogue, was advised to abandon his house, and to carry off what 
 valuable effects he could, as a camp was to be formed the day after, on 
 Carrickbyrne-hill, which is within half a mile of Scullabogue. 
 
 The next day he made his escape, and the rebels took possession of 
 his house. It appears, on the evidence of different persons, that one 
 hundred and eighty-four Protestants were burned in the barn of Sculla- 
 bogue and that thirty-seven were shot in front of it. 
 
 The following circumstances appeared by the evidence of Richard 
 Sylvester, a witness on the trial of Phelim Fardy, one of the wretches 
 concerned in that horrid affair: — That when the rebels encamped on 
 Carrickbyrne-hill, marched towards Ross, on the fourth of June, the 
 Protestant prisoners were left at Scullabogue, under a guard of three 
 hundred rebels, commanded by John Murphy, of Loughnageer, a rebel 
 captain, Nicholas Sweetman, and Walter Devereux, who both held the 
 same rank ; that when the rebel army began to give way at Ross, an 
 express was sent to Murphy, to put the Protestant prisoners to death, as 
 the king's troops were gaining the day; but Murphy refused to com- 
 ply without a direct order from the general ; that he soon after received 
 another message to the same purpose, with this addition, that the pri- 
 soners, if released, would become very furious and vindictive; that 
 shortly after, a third express arrived, saying the priest gave orders that 
 the prisoners should be put to death ; that the rebels, on hearing the 
 sanction of the priest, became outrageous, and began to pull off their 
 clothes, the better to perform the bloody deed ; that when they were 
 leading the prisoners out of the dwelling-house to shoot them, he turned 
 away from such a scene of horror; on which a rebel struck him with a 
 pike upon the back, and said he would let his guts out if he did not follow 
 him ; that he then attended the rebels to the barn, in which there was 
 a great number of men, women and children; and that the rebels were 
 endeavouring to set fire to it, while the poor prisoners, shrieking and 
 crying out for mercy, crowded to the back door of the barn, which they 
 forced open for the purpose of admitting air; that for some time they 
 continued to put the door between them and the rebels, who were 
 piking or shooting them ; that in attempting to do so, their hands or 
 fingers were cut off; that the rebels continued to force into the barn 
 
( 20 ) 
 
 bundles of straw, to increase the fire. At last, the prisoners having; been 
 overcome by the flame and smoke, their moans and cries gradually died 
 away in the silence of death. 
 
 It was proved on the trial of John Keefe, convicted by a court-martial 
 on the fourteenth of April, 1800, on the evidence of Robert Mills, that 
 after the bloody work began, he saw the prisoner with a pike, the point 
 of which was broken, and the top of the shaft or handle was bloody ; 
 that he carried it to an adjoining forge, whetted it on a sharping stone, 
 and then proceeded to the front of a dwelling-house where they were 
 shooting the prisoners. Among the persons most conspicuous, we find 
 the names of Fardy, Sinnod, Michell or Miscally*, who trampled on 
 the dead and wounded bodies, and behaved otherwise in such a fero- 
 cious manner, as to obtain from the rebels the application of the true 
 born Roman. 
 
 William Ryan, a farmer, about three miles from Scullabogue, had a 
 daughter who was kept by a gentleman at Duncannon. The rebel guard 
 at Scullabogue, thinking that they might extract from her some impor- 
 tant information relative to the place of the protestants, as her para- 
 mour was of that description, and dreading that she and her friends 
 who were Roman Catholics, might betray some of the rebel secrets to 
 the keeper, sent a body of pikemen in quest of her, but not being able 
 to find her, they were of opinion that her sister Eleanor, who lived at 
 Mr. Rossiter's would answer equally as well. They therefore led her 
 to the barn, and her father having gone after to solicit her liberation, they 
 committed him and his poor old wife, who went there also, in hopes 
 of being able to move their compassion; but she shared their fate, 
 having been thrust into the barn where they were all burned. 
 
 No less than twenty-four protestants were taken from the village of 
 Tintern, about eight miles distant, many of them old and feeble, and 
 were led in one drove to the barn where they perished. 
 
 Thomas Shee and Patrick Prendergast were burnt in the barn, both 
 Romanists, because they would not consent to massacre their protes- 
 tant masters. 
 
 William Johnston, a very old man, though of the same persuasion, 
 shared a similar fate. He gained a livelihood by playing on the bag- 
 pipes, and was so unfortunate as to incur the vengeance of the rebels, 
 by playing the tune of" Croppies, lie down." 
 
 William Neil, another Romanist who suffered there, was by trade 
 a tailor, and worked for some time in the garrison of Duncannon. 
 
 Having occasion to return to Camolin, of which he was a native, 
 he procured the pass of General Fawcett for his protection, but it turned 
 to be the means of his destruction ; for having been intercepted by the 
 rebels, who considered the pass as an emblem of protestantism, they 
 committed him to the barn, with his son Daniel, who happened to ac- 
 company him, and they both perished in the flames. 
 
 Some persons have contended that the persecutions in the county of 
 Wexford were not exclusively levelled against the protestants; but the 
 sanguinary spirit against them was so uniform at Vinegar-hill, on the 
 bridge of Wexford and Scullabogue, and indeed in every part of the 
 county, and the putting to death such of the Romanists as they thought 
 to participate in their favour, was enough to remove all doubts on that 
 head. 
 
 The witness during this dreadful scene, saw a child who got under 
 the door, and was likely to escape, but much hurt and bruised ; when 
 
( 21 ) 
 
 a rebel perceiving it, darted his pike through it, and threw it into the 
 flames. While the rebels were shooting their prisoners in front of 
 the dwelling-house, a party of men and women were engaged in strip- 
 ping and rifling the dead bodies ; and the prisoner, Phelim Fardy, called 
 out to them to avoid the line of his fire, (as he was busily employed in 
 shooting his prisoners,) and in saying so, he fired at a man who was 
 on his knees, and who instantly fell and expired. 
 
 The barn was thirty-four feet long and fifteen wide. Suffocation 
 must then have soon taken place, as so great a number of people were 
 compressed in so small a space ; and besides the burning of the thatched 
 roof of the barn, the rebels threw into it, on their pikes, a great num- 
 ber of fagots, on fire. 
 
 Richard Grandy, who was present, swore that the prisoners in front 
 of the house were led out by fours to be shot ; and that the rebels, 
 who pierced them when they fell, took pleasure in licking their 
 spears. 
 
 A gentleman present, who had a narrow escape, assured me, that a 
 rebel said he would try the taste of Orange blood, and that he dipped 
 a toothpick in a wound of one of the protestants who was shot, and 
 then put it into his mouth. 
 
 Whenever a body fell on being shot, the rebel guards shouted, and 
 pierced it with their pikes. 
 
 Samuel and John Jones, two brothers, were put to death in front of 
 Captain King's house, in the following manner: When they were on 
 their knees, the wife of one of them stood between them, took each of 
 them by the hand, and closed their eyes; and when they fell, in con- 
 sequence of being shot, she implored the rebels, as an act of mercy, to 
 put her to death, but they refused to do so. She then got a ear, and 
 put on it the two bodies which the rebels had stripped quite naked. 
 She covered them with her cloak and petticoat; but when she had led 
 the car some distance, she was stopped by a party of rebel women, 
 who led it back, and compelled her to return with them. They urged 
 the rebels to put her to death, and she appeared to rejoice at the idea 
 of resigning that life which they had imbittered by murdering her hus- 
 band. They seemed well disposed to kill her, and would have done 
 so, but that John Murphy, their captain, prevented them, having said 
 that such a horrid deed would kindle a blush in the cheeks of the Virgin 
 Mary. 
 
 The Jones's, who lived at Abbey Brainey, were in good circum- 
 stances. Murphy took out of one of their pockets a pocket-book, 
 which, it was said, contained notes to a considerable amount. The 
 father of the Jones', who was very old, died in a few days after of a 
 broken heart,and he and his sons were interred in the same grave. One 
 Slater, an opulent man from Wales, who came to Ireland every year 
 to buy cattle for the English market, in which business he dealt very 
 extensively, was picked up by the rebels, and shot among the thirty- 
 seven prisoners. He had a pocket-book, which contained, it was said, 
 notes to the amount of £1000, which fell into the hands of the rebels.* 
 
 On most occasions they did not offer any violence to the tender sex; 
 but at Scullabogue, they burned a great many women and children. 
 
 It has been said, and indeed proved, that John Murphy, the rebel 
 
 * The person who led him out to execution, was a papist ruffian, of the name of 
 Cowman, whom he had employed in buying cattle, and who had gained considerably 
 by his kindness and generosity. 
 
( *2 ) 
 
 captain, who commanded the guard at Scullabogue, refused to massa- 
 cre the prisoners, till he had received the orders of a priest of the 
 name of Murphy, for that purpose. Brian Murphy, parish priest of 
 Taghmon, is supposed to be the person alluded to. 
 
 The following occurrence, relative to a priest, happened on the 
 same day, and shows what great influence the sacerdotal order had over 
 the misguided multitude. Patrick Dobbyn, and his three sons, Wil- 
 liam, Richard, and Samuel, were taken prisoners at Oldcourt, in the 
 parish of Adamstown, where they resided, by Thomas Cavenagh, and 
 some more popish banditti, who committed them to prison at Sculla- 
 bogue; the former on the second, the latter on the first day of June. 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Patrick Dobbyn, went to father Shallow, parish 
 priest of the union of Adamstown Newbawn, who resided at Bally- 
 shannon, one mile from Scullabogue, and implored him to have her 
 husband and son released; but he refused, and informed her, that he 
 should be in as much danger as they, if he went near the rebel camp; 
 and yet the same priest liberated from the barn, and saved a young 
 man of the name of Lett, the son of a Mr. Lett of Kilgibbon, within 
 three or four miles of Enniscorthy; and it appeared, also, by affidavit 
 sworn before General Fawcett, that Father Shallow took an active part 
 in the rebel camp at Carrickbyrne. 
 
 William Fleming, a protestant, and a yeoman in the Taghmon 
 cavalry, having the protection of a priest, went to the barn on the 
 seventh of June, to look for the body of one Robert Cooke, a friend, 
 for the purpose of interring it; but the bodies were so much injured 
 by the fire, that he could not distinguish one from the other. This he 
 testified on his affidavit, which contained many curious particulars rela- 
 tive to the rebellion, particularly the exhortation of father Roche, the 
 general, in the camp of Slievekilta, to extirpate Orangemen and disaf- 
 fected persons, and in which he assured the rebels, that they were 
 fighting for their religion. 
 
 The life of Fleming was often saved by the pass of father Bryen 
 Murphy, a priest of Taghmon, of which I give an exact copy: " Mr. 
 William Fleming has complied with every condition required of him, 
 and, therefore, is to be stopped by no man/' 
 
 "June 2d, 1798. Rev. Br. Murphy." 
 
 On the trial of Thomas Cloony, a rebel leader, at Wexford, the fifth 
 of June, 1799, it was proved, that, while the camp was at Carrick- 
 byrne, he, at the head of three hundred rebels, went to Old Ross, to 
 burn the protestant church, and the houses of some protestants there; 
 and that while the former was burning, he said, the Devil's house is on 
 fire. 
 
 The ferocity of the rebels was such, that they often murdered each 
 other with impunity in their camps, and during their marches. 
 
(23 ) 
 
 MASSACRE AT ENNISCORTHY AND VINEGAR HILL. 
 
 ' "At the battle of Enniscorthy," it was generally believed, that not 
 less than five hundred of the rebels were killed or wounded. The 
 banks of the river, and the island in it, were strewed with their dead 
 bodies, and numbers of them fell in the streets; but it was observed 
 that the disaffected inhabitants were always ready to drag them into 
 their houses, whenever they could get a safe opportunity, that the 
 sight of them might not discourage their surviving friends. To keep 
 up their courage, every artifice was used; for even women, as if in- 
 sensible of their danger, were seen in the midst of the carnage ad- 
 ministering whiskey to the rebels. 
 
 When the action terminated, the rebels were completely routed, 
 and expelled from the town; however, the protestants did not think it 
 tenable for the following reasons: it was in a state of conflagration; 
 and the rebels, who continued to hover round it, would have attacked 
 it in the night, and would have been assisted by the Roman catholic 
 inhabitants, who were very numerous. As there were many avenues 
 leading to the town, and the protestants, under arms, had lost near one- 
 third of their number, which did not, originally, exceed three hun- 
 dred, they must have been overpowered, and massacred in the night. 
 The officers, therefore, after mature deliberation, resolved to abandon 
 the town, and to march to Wexford on the east side of the river St. 
 John's; but from the suddenness of the retreat, only a few of the pro- 
 testant inhabitants could attend them; and they could carry with them 
 no other comforts or necessaries, but the wearing apparel which they 
 wore. Imagination cannot form a more tragical scene, than the me- 
 lancholy train of protestant fugitives, of whom, some were so feeble, 
 from their wounds, from sickness, the tenderness of old age, or infancy, 
 that they could not have effected their escape, had not the yeomen ca- 
 valry mounted them on their horses. Some parents were reduced to 
 the dreadful necessity of leaving their infants in cottages, on the road- 
 side, having, at the same time, but a faint hope of ever seeing them 
 again. 
 
 As they travelled to Wexford the rebels fired at them from the op- 
 posite side of the river, wherever they could get an opening. 
 
 Such of the protestant inhabitants as were unable to join their de- 
 parting friends, took a melancholy farewell of them, and waited the 
 fatal hour when they were to fall victims to the fanatical vengeance of 
 the rebels, who, when they got possession of the town, proceeded 
 with savage delight, to commit unbounded carnage and plunder. The 
 following extract of a letter, written by a very respectable beneficed 
 clergyman, the Rev. Mr. Handcock, rector of Kilcormick, who fought 
 in defence of the town, will give the reader a perfect idea of the 
 sufferings of the protestant inhabitants on that day. 
 
 " Finding that we could no longer keep our ground, I rushed singly 
 through the streets, with a blunderbuss cocked, and presented it at 
 
( 24 ) 
 
 every person who looked at me, running for my life, but without the 
 faintest hope of saving it, or that of my family, yet determined to 
 share their fate, and with great difficulty getting into my house, 
 locked and barricaded by the frightened inmates, I dragged my wife 
 down stairs with my children, just as they sat in her sick room; and 
 observing which way the fugitives were moving out of town, I forced 
 them along with the tragical cavalcade, until my wife, overpowered 
 with terror and the heat of the flames, fell on a burning pile of rubbish, 
 where, unable myself from fatigue to raise her, she would have been 
 suffocated or trampled to death, had not a gallant fellow of the North' 
 Cork militia, wounded, and scarce able to drag his legs after him, as- 
 sisted me. The poor fellow accordingly stuck by us until we arrived 
 at Wexford. 
 
 In return for his having got my wife and children behind or before 
 mounted yeomen, I procured a horse for his wife, and carried his musket 
 as far as I was able. When we came within three or four miles of Wex- 
 ford, we were met by the yeomen cavalry of it, who turned out, on 
 hearing our disaster, to cover our retreat. 
 
 The rebel army, having got possession of the town, broke open the 
 jail and liberated all the prisoners. They then began to burn and de- 
 stroy every house belonging to a protestant of any distinction. Before 
 sunset the principal part of the town was in flames, and late in the 
 evening, a great number of old men, women, and children, of the pro- 
 testant religion, fled into the adjoining woods, lest they should perish 
 in the flames, or by the sanguinar)^ rage of the rebels. Such of them 
 as were not fortunate enough to make their escape, were massacred. 
 The rebels, having broken open the cellars, continued to commit every 
 wanton cruelty, and barbarous excess, which savage ferocity, height- 
 ened by fanaticism and ebriety could dictate. 
 
 When they entered the town, some ladies, of distinguished beauty, 
 wild with horror and affright, waded over the river Slaney, at the risk 
 of their lives, with one child on their back, and another in their arms. 
 Numbers, of both sexes, fled to the wood of St. John's, better known by 
 the name of Ringwood, where they passed the whole night, petrified 
 with horror at hearing shots constantly fired, the shouts of the rebels, 
 and the groans of the dying. They kept a gloomy silence, not ven- 
 turing to speak to each other, lest they should be discovered. The 
 rebels having heard, next day, that a number of protestants were in the 
 wood, sent a party, well armed, to scour it; and they killed such of 
 them as were not fortunate enough to make their escape. They con- 
 tinued, for some days after, to beat it as closely as a pack of fox-hounds 
 would. 
 
 A party of ladies, who fled towards the river, when the rebels en- 
 tered the town, informed me that several shots were fired at them; 
 and that, in their retreat, they met a boy about sixteen years old, armed 
 with a pike, who approached them with a stern air; on which they 
 asked him if he was going to kill them, and he said, "No; but it is no 
 matter where you go, for you will all be killed." 
 
 As soon as the rebels entered the town the Roman catholic inha- 
 bitants frequently exclaimed, particularly the women, " That they 
 would have no heresy among them; that they would put an end to 
 heretics; and that they would have all or none." 
 
 They murdered Richard Whately, a lock-smith, near one hundred 
 years old, and Edward Sly, a protestant, was shot by his neighbour, 
 
( ^ ) 
 
 William Lee, when he was kindly reaching him a quart of beer. 
 Numbers were dragged from their houses, and barbarously massacred 
 in the presence of their wives and children. 
 
 The town, the morning after the rebels got possession of it, pre- 
 sented a dreadful scene of carnage and conflagration; many bodies 
 were lying dead in the streets, and others groaning in the agonies of 
 death; some parts of the town were entirely consumed, and in others, 
 the flames continued to rage with inextinguishable fury; no less than 
 four hundred and seventy-eight dwelling-houses and cabins, were 
 burnt in the town and its suburbs, besides a great number of stores and 
 malt-houses, and out offices. Early next morning, the rebels formed 
 a camp on Vinegar Hill, made intrenchments round it, and placed 
 some batteries in them. They then stationed a large garrison in the 
 town, which was relieved every day, by an officer's guard from the 
 camp. Such great numbers from the lower class of people, from the 
 adjoining parts of the country, flocked to their camp, that it soon con- 
 sisted of at least ten thousand men. They posted strong picquet guards 
 and sentinels in all the avenues leading to the town, and for some 
 miles round it. 
 
 They then proceeded to destroy the church of Enniscorthy, and 
 having pulled down the organ, the pews, the communion table, and 
 the reading-desk, they burned them to ashes before the church door, 
 where they tore the Bibles and the prayer-books ; and then proceeded 
 to demolish the remainder of the inside part, leaving nothing but the 
 roof and the bare walls. They took down the bell, and mounted it 
 between two beams on Vinegar Hill, for the purpose of marking the 
 progress of time, and of alarming the camp in case of surprise. 
 
 They committed such protestants as were not fortunate enough to re- 
 treat to Wexford, with their protestant neighbours, or to escape into the 
 woods, to a prison on the hill, formed by the walls of an old wind- 
 mill, and then proceeded to try them by a court-martial, which sat 
 constantly for that purpose. The only charge against them was, their 
 being Orange-men, which was synonymous with protestant. 
 
 On the morning of Tuesday, the twenty-ninth of May, they put to 
 death twenty-four persons of the established church, by shooting 
 some, and piking others, in front of the rebel line, one of whom was 
 Mr. Henry Hatton, of Portrieve, of the town of Enniscorthy, an innocent 
 unoffending gentleman. They burned the glebe-house of Enniscorthy 
 to ashes; but converted the out-offices into stores for holding pro- 
 visions and arms for the camp. 
 
 A committee of twelve, consisting of some rebel officers and three 
 priests, namely, father Roche, Kearns and Clinch, and, at times, father 
 John Murphy, continued constantly to sit, and to superintend and to 
 regulate the concerns of the camp, and the newly established republic. 
 When the business of the day was over, they dined together at a table, 
 regularly, with the best of viands which the country could afford, and 
 with delicious wines, taken from the cellars of the neighbouring gen- 
 tlemen. 
 
 He sent gangs of assassins around all the adjacent country, commanded 
 by rebel officers, in quest of protestants, who seized such of them as 
 could not make their escape, and committed them to prison at the foot 
 of the hill, or in the town. 
 
 The walls of an old wind-mill, on the top of the hill, served as a 
 fold to contain the victims who supplied the sacrifice of the day, and 
 
( 26 ) 
 
 when the rebel ranks were on parade, they were led forth and butchered 
 in their presence, and as a regale to them; and what was very singular, 
 the executioners often knelt down, crossed themselves, and said a 
 prayer before the immolated victims, who were frequently almost 
 famished before they were led to execution, from the bad and scanty 
 food with which they were supplied. 
 
 The camp was constantly attended by from ten to twenty priests, 
 who daily said mass at the head of each rebel column, and afterwards 
 pronounced an exhortation, to animate them to the extirpation of 
 heresy, and in the exclusive establishment of their own, the only or- 
 thodox faith. 
 
 Mr. Stephen Ran, of Ramsfort, in the County of Wexford, brother- 
 in-law to Lord Courtown, who is deservedly loved and revered by 
 his tenants, informed me, that such of them as were of the Roman ca- 
 tholic religion, and had been unfortunately concerned in the rebellion, 
 were very communicative to him, and informed him, that they entered 
 into it at the instigation of their priests; and it was usual, in the rebel 
 camp, for the priests of each parish, to call over the names of their 
 parishioners, and that his coadjutor did so, if he was prevented from 
 age, infirmity, or any other cause. 
 
 Commissaries were appointed in every parish, to provide provision 
 for the camp, according to the direction of the committee, or the com- 
 mander-in-chief, and each of the commissaries had a certain number 
 of pikemen under his command. Their tents were formed of carpets, 
 quilts, sheets, blankets, window-curtains, and various articles of fur- 
 niture which they had seized in protestant houses. 
 
 A respectable gentlewoman, who remained the entire night of 
 Monday, the twenty -eighth of May, 1798, in Ringwood, gave me the 
 following relation of the dangers and distresses which she and her 
 husband suffered. It will serve to show the savage and sanguinary 
 disposition of the rebels. 
 
 Mr. Bennett, of Birmount, lay concealed in the wood that night. 
 Next morning, about seven o'clock, when we were almost sinking 
 with cold and hunger, he kindly invited us to his house, which lay 
 close to the river Slaney, at the opposite side of it. Having gone 
 there, about seven o'clock in the evening, a woman came to us, trem- 
 bling with fear, and said that "the rebels were approaching in all di- 
 rections, to burn the house and murder us." Mr. Bennett hid him- 
 self in his garden. We were advised to get some green boughs, as the 
 emblem of rebellion, and to go out to meet them, and having, accord- 
 ingly, done so, they desired us not to be frightened, as they never in- 
 jured women; and they asked us if we were Christians, meaning Ro- 
 man catholics, and, very fortunately, we told them we were. They 
 informed us, that they had just killed Mr. Edward White, of Roxana, 
 and his son, who lived near Vinegar Hill; having, as they said, searched 
 his house for arms and Orangemen. Having found Mr. M. in the 
 garden, they presented their fire-locks, and were on the point of 
 shooting him ; but said they must suspend his execution till their officer, 
 who was absent, arrived. They took him off, mounted behind one 
 of them, when they fortunately met a rebel who had a particular 
 friendship for Mr. M., and who galloped off speedily to Vinegar Hill 
 camp, and procured him a protection from father John Murphy, who 
 was then commander-in-chief there. 
 
 " On Thursday, I went to Vinegar Hill, in hopes of getting a pro- 
 
( 27 ) 
 
 tection from father Philip Roche, a rebel chieftain; and, in our way 
 thither, we saw the bodies of Mr. White and his son lying dead and 
 naked in the lawn before his house; for the rebels would not suffer 
 them to be buried. 
 
 " In our way to Enniscorthy, we saw twelve dead bodies lying 
 upon the road; and, on entering the town, we were filled with horror, 
 on beholding a great number of them in the streets. 
 
 "The camp, at Vinegar-hill, presented a dreadful scene of con- 
 fusion and uproar. A number of female rebels, more vehement than 
 the male, were marching out to meet the army from Newtown-barry. 
 This was a large body, which father Roche had led from Vinegar-hill, 
 to the attack of that town, which took place on the first of June. Great 
 numbers of women were in the camp. Some men were employed in 
 killing cattle, and in boiling them in pieces, in large copper brewing- 
 pans; others drinking, cursing, and swearing; many of them were play- 
 ing on various musical instruments, which they had acquired by plunder 
 in the adjacent protestant houses; and this produced a most disagree- 
 able and barbarous dissonance. 
 
 At last I met father Roche in Enniscorthy. He gave me a protec- 
 tion, not only for Mr. M., but one for Mr. Bennett's house, in the fol- 
 lowing words, which was posted up in the hall : " No man to molest 
 this house, or its inhabitants, on pain of death!" 
 
 "However, next day, a rebel guard came to Mr. Bennett's, and com- 
 pelled him and Mr. M. to go before the parish priest of Bree, in order 
 to send them to the attack on Ross; but Mr. John Devereux, a rebel 
 captain, on seeing Roche's protection, discharged them; and, soon after, 
 father John Sutten, of Enniscorthy, and Mr. William Barker, a rebel 
 general, gave them protections, and certified that they had been tried 
 by court martial, and acquitted. 
 
 We then repaired to Mr. Joshua Lett's, a mile beyond Enniscorthy, 
 where we staid some days. During our residence there, we daily saw 
 great crowds of rebels, who often boasted of the number of Protestants 
 they had put to death, and even in what manner they had piked them. 
 They said, "Cork and Limerick had capitulated to them;" that Dublin/ 
 was surrounded by forty thousand United Irishmen; that the whole 
 kingdom would soon be in their possession; and that there should be 
 no other religion but the Roman Catholic. They compelled us to go 
 to mass, which we did to preserve our lives. 
 
 "At last, the rebels, having discovered that Mr. M. was concealed in 
 Mr. Joshua Lett's house, threatened to demolish it unless he was instantly 
 dismissed. As Mr. Lett was obliged to comply with this mandate, we 
 repaired to Mr. Fitzhenry's, of Ballymacus, about five miles off. In 
 our way thither, we met many parties of rebels, who would have put 
 Mr. M. to death, but for the priest's protection; for which they showed 
 the utmost respect. This shows the great influence of the sacerdotal 
 order, and how easily they might have prevented the massacre of Pro- 
 testants. 
 
 "We were there but a few hours when a rebel guard arrived, and 
 carried us back to Enniscorthy, where Mr. M. was put into a guard- 
 house containing about a dozen of unfortunate Protestants, who were 
 shot or piked next day in the camp. 1 was then desired to apply to one 
 of their officers, named Morgan Byrne, whom I found sitting in the 
 committee-room, at a long table, with many books and papers before 
 him. Father Kearnes was at the head of the table, round which all the 
 
( 28 ) 
 
 members of the committee sat. On representing my situation, and that 
 of Mr. M., Mr. Patrick Sutten, who was a general among them, said, 
 "he would do his utmost to save Mr. M. and me;" and Mr. Morgan 
 Byrne said, "he would spare his life, provided he would join and fight 
 with them; but on no other condition." 
 
 Unheard-of barbarities were committed at Enniscorthy, Vinegar-hill, 
 and all the adjacent country, before the rebels were subdued and driven 
 from them. 
 
 "The pikemen would often show us their pikes, all stained with 
 blood, and boast of having murdered our friends and neighbours." 
 
 Every morning, when the rebels paraded on Vinegar-hill, they put 
 to death from fifteen to twenty Protestants in their presence, as amuse- 
 ment to them; and this was done with the solemnity of an execution, 
 under a judicial sentence. 
 
 Samuel Goodison, a farmer, worth ,£400 a year, of the Protestant 
 religion, was universally esteemed for his good moral character. He 
 and his family, consisting of a wife and nine children, remained in Ring- 
 wood on the night of the twenty-eighth of May, to escape the fanatical 
 rage of the rebels. On Tuesday morning, they repaired to St. John's, 
 the seat of Dr. Hill, on Slaney, who offered to let them remain there; 
 but Goodison said he had such warm friends among the Roman Catho- 
 lics, that he was sure of getting a protection from them, if he could 
 arrive with safety at Enniscorthy. He left his family at a mill within 
 a quarter of a mile of the town; and, having advanced a short way, he 
 was overwhelmed with joy at meeting his neighbour and particular 
 friend, Luke Byrne; but that sanguinary ruffian shot him instant^, in- 
 stead of affording him that protection which he solicited. A respecta- 
 ble lady of Enniscorthy heard him boast afterwards, that he never eat 
 so sweet a breakfast as he had that morning, for he had killed Samuel 
 Goodison and William Carroll. 
 
 John Stillman, eighty years old, who had served as a soldier the 
 greater part of his life, and George Saunders, seventy years old, slept all 
 Monday night in Ringwood; and having come out of it at twelve 
 o'clock next day, they were shot on the road leading to Enniscorthy. 
 Saunders died instantly; Stillman continued alive till next day, and was 
 able to sit up. A rebel outpost, of about twenty men, amused them- 
 selves with ridiculing, insulting anil torturing him. They often asked 
 him, in irony, (as he was a Protestant,) Whether he would have a priest? 
 They had but one ball among them, and they fired it five or six times 
 through his body, while prostrate on the ground ; and yet he was alive 
 next day. He had but one eye, which they put out with a pike. At 
 length they put him to death. Afterwards, the rebels were known to 
 call him their plaything, in conversation at Enniscorthy, and to declare 
 he was so tough an old fellow, that they had great difficulty in putting 
 him to death. 
 
 The gangs of pikemen who were sent to roam the country in quest of 
 Protestants, to supply the grand slaughter-house at Vinegar-hill, could not 
 restrain their thirst for blood, and often killed their prisoners on the spot 
 where they seized them, though contrary to the order of their leaders. 
 On the thirtieth day of May, William Neal, Henry and Bryan, his 
 sons, were seized at their house at Ballybrennan, by a band of assassins, 
 who were sent from the camp in search of Protestants, and were con- 
 veyed to Vinegar-hill camp. Michael Maddock and Joseph Murphy 
 were leaders of the party. The former called them Orangemen, mean- 
 
( 29 ) 
 
 ing Protestants, and wanted to kill them as such, hut was overruled by 
 some others of the band. Bryan Neal offered them his horse and cow 
 to liberate them ; but Maddock said "that the cattle of all Orangemen 
 belonged to them already." 
 
 When they arrived on Vinegar-hill, Murphy said he would not bring 
 any more Orangemen unless they put them to death directly. On 
 which a conference was held, when the father and two sons were imme- 
 diately condemned. They first led out to execution Bryan, who begged 
 they would shoot him, instead of torturing him with pikes. One of the 
 rebels said he should not die so easy a death, and instantly struck him 
 on the head with a carpenter's adze, which made him stagger a few 
 j'ards; but he was soon brought back, when one of them stabbed him 
 in the side with a spear, another in the neck, and a third shoved them 
 aside and shot him. William, the father, who was then brought forth, 
 solicited to be shot; and having complied with his request, they put 
 him on his knees. The executioner missed fire at him three times; on 
 which father Roche, the general, who attended the execution, desired 
 him to try whether his firelock would go off in the air. He accordingly 
 tried, and it succeeded. Father Roche then gave him a protection, and 
 ordered him to be discharged ; having imputed his escape to Divine 
 Providence. Murphy and Maddock were near neighbours, and sup- 
 posed to be intimate friends of the Neal family, who had no suspicion 
 that they harboured such sanguinary hatred against them, on account of 
 their being of the Protestant persuasion. William Neal had another 
 son burnt at the barn of Scullabogue. 
 
 Charles Davis, a glazier of Enniscorthy, and of the Protestant reli- 
 gion, fought against the rebels in defence of that town ; but was after- 
 wards made a prisoner, and conveyed to Vinegar-hill by a party of 
 rebels, who informed him that, as he was an Orangeman, he would be 
 put to death. On his arrival at the camp, he saw about forty bodies 
 lying dead, quite naked, and very much mangled with pikes; among 
 which he perceived the body of Mr. Henry Hatton, portrieve of the 
 town of Enniscorthy. 
 
 The rebels desired him, insultingly, to lay his hands on his deceased 
 friends, whom they called heretics; and told him, that all the heretics 
 in the kingdom should fare the same fate. They then put him on his 
 knees, in midst of the dead bodies, and shot him through the body and 
 arm, and gave him several pike wounds; after which they buried him, co- 
 vering his body lightly with sods, fie lay in this condition from 7 o'clock 
 in the evening till 5 next morning, when he found a dog, who had scraped 
 away the sods, licking his wounds. A party of rebels, who were near 
 the grave, perceiving the motion of his body, exclaimed, "The dead is 
 coming to life; and that Davis should have a priest, as he could not 
 obtain salvation without one." Father Sutton, of Enniscorthy, who was 
 in the camp, administered the rites of the church to him, and told him 
 he was sorry to see him in that situation; but as there was no prospect 
 of his recovery, he was glad that he was to die under his hands. He 
 was then delivered to his wife, who conveyed him to his own house, 
 where, with the aid of medical assistance, he recovered. These facts 
 have been verified by affidavit, and are universally known. Charles 
 Davis, who is now living, showed me his wounds. 
 
 John Mooney, servant to Dr. Hill, and a Protestant, was taken pri- 
 soner, and conducted to the Windmill prison, on the top of Vinegar- 
 hill, the thirty-first day of May; and found there sixteen Protestant 
 
( 30 ) 
 
 prisoners, with some of whom he had been long acquainted. They 
 were desired to prepare for death-; and soon after, a ruffian entered the 
 prison with a drawn hanger, and began to torture the prisoners by way 
 of amusement; but the rebel sentinel stopped him, and said, that as 
 they were soon to die, it was cruel to torment them. In a few minutes, 
 one of the prisoners was dragged out of the mill door, and shot, and 
 soon after, the remainder were executed in the same manner. Among 
 them, there was a well dressed, respectable looking man, and his son, a 
 boy about thirteen years old. The father seemed to bear his approach- 
 ing dissolution with great fortitude, supposing that they would not in- 
 jure his son, on account of his tender age; but what agonizing pangs 
 must he have felt, when his child was butchered in his presence! and 
 he, when led out to execution, was obliged to step over his bleeding 
 corpse, which fell across the door. 
 
 Mooney, the last person taken out, was placed by the sixteen dead 
 bodies; and the executioner, whose name was Byrne, desired him to 
 turn his back to him, (which the victims were often compelled to do;) 
 but Mooney refused to do so, having said that he was not afraid to face 
 a bullet. The executioner, who was very ragged, advanced, with his 
 musket presented, within twelve paces of him, when Mooney desired 
 him to stop; and taking off his coat, waistcoat and hat, which were 
 new, threw them to him, desired him to take them for his trouble, and 
 requested he would approach nearer to him, and do his business properly. 
 The executioner, struck with his fortitude, said that it was an undoubted 
 proof of his innocence, and declared that he would have nothing to do 
 with him. On this, one Murtagh Brien, alias Kane, a sanguinary mon- 
 ster, and the common executioner, rose from his knees, (for the rebels 
 commonly knelt and prayed before or after the execution,) and insisted 
 on putting Mooney to death, and presented a blunderbuss for that pur- 
 pose; but Byrne interfered, and swore he would blow out the brains of 
 any person who would attempt to injure him; and he immediately dis- 
 missed him. 
 
 Papists of the meanest situation, even beggars, have been known to 
 save Protestants when they chose. 
 
 There were commonly twenty priests in the camp, and they never in- 
 terfered for the preservation of Protestant lives, except on behalf of a per- 
 son who happened to be the peculiar object of their regard, or in whose 
 safety they were deeply interested. On the contrary, it appears that 
 numbers of them daily said mass, at the head of the rebel lines, and 
 exhorted the rebels to extirpate heretics or Orangemen, which appella- 
 tion (as said before) they gave to Protestants. Some persons have en- 
 deavoured to palliate the atrocities committed by the rebels, saying, 
 "That their sanguinary rage was not directed against Protestants as 
 such, but only against a political sect of them called Orangemen." This 
 plea could be urged with much less colour in the county of Wexford 
 than elsewhere; because there were no Orangemen there, nor was there 
 ever an attempt to institute an Orange lodge in it, till the North Cork 
 came into it, and they did not arrive there till the twenty-sixth of 
 April. 
 
 I could not ascertain the number of Protestants who were massacred 
 in the rebel camp on Vinegar hill and its vicinity, but I have been as- 
 sured that they exceeded five hundred. Among these there were men 
 of landed property, magistrates, clergymen, merchants, farmers, labour- 
 ers, and mechanics. I have obtained the names of as many as I could 
 
( 31 ) 
 
 of the Protestants who were murdered in the county of Wexford, at 
 large; to publish their names would be of little importance to the 
 reader. 
 
 CONFESSION OF FAITH, 
 
 FOUND IN THE BOX OP A PRIEST AT GORY. 
 
 1. When we assemble, we all cross ourselves, saying, we acknowledge these our 
 articles, in the presence of Christ's vicar, the Lord God the pope, and in the presence 
 of the holy primates, bishops, monks, friars and priests. 
 
 2. We acknowledge they can make vice virtue, and virtue vice, according to their 
 pleasure. They all falling flat on their faces, beginning the articles in this manner, 
 and speaking to the Host, saying, Holy, glorious and admirable Host, we acknow- 
 ledge according to our great father the pope's mind ; we must all fall down before 
 the great effigy of the Lord God Almighty. 
 
 3. We all acknowledge the supremacy of the holy father, the Lord God the pope, 
 and that he is Peter's lawful successor in the chair. 
 
 4. We acknowledge that holy Peter has the keys of heaven, and will receive 
 those that acknowledge his supremacy. 
 
 5. We are bound to believe no salvation out of the holy church. 
 
 6. We are bound to believe that the holy massacre was lawful, lawfully put into 
 execution against Protestants, and likewise to continue the same, provided with the 
 safety of our lives.* 
 
 7. We are bound to curse, ring the bells, and put out the candles four times a year, 
 on heretics. 
 
 8. We are bound to believe a heretic can never be saved, unless he be a partaker 
 of that holy sacrament, extreme unction. 
 
 9. We are bound to believe that those who elope from our holy religion, go into 
 the power of the devil, whom heretics have followed. 
 
 10. We are not to keep our oath with heretics, if they can be broken; for, says 
 our holy father, they have followed damnation, Luther and Calvin. 
 
 11. We are not to believe their oath, for their principles are damnation. 
 
 12. We are bound to drive heretics out of the land, with fire, sword, fagot, and 
 confusion. As our holy father says, if their heresy prevails, we will become their 
 slaves ! ! dear father, keep us from that. (Here the holy water is shaken, and 
 they say, Hail, Mary ! three times.) 
 
 13. We are bound to absolve with money, or price, those that imbrue their hands 
 in the blood of heretics. 
 
 14. We are bound to believe that Christ's vicar, the Lord God the pope, can absolve 
 all men, heretics excepted, and those given to all clergymen under inspection to do 
 the like. 
 
 15. We are bound to believe all the articles our holy church commands. 
 
 16. We are bound to believe the Virgin Mary has more power in heaven than any 
 other angel. 
 
 17. We are bound to pray to the holy angels, that they ma)' pray for us. 
 
 18. We are bound to believe in the holy cross, holy water, holy spittle, holy earth, 
 holy bones, holy people, and holy beads, and that they are to be used on certain oc- 
 casions. 
 
 19. We are bound to celebrate the holy mass in Latin, havino- ourselves clothed in 
 a holy vestment and shirt, and bearing the holy cross on our shoulders, signifying 
 we are Christ. 
 
 20. We are bound to believe, every time mass is celebrating, there is an expiatory 
 sacrifice for the living and the dead. 
 
 21. We are bound to believe there are four places of purgation, viz.: Limbus in- 
 fantum, Limbus patrum, Meadows of ease, and Purgatory. 
 
 22. We are bound to believe that Christ was three days in Limbus patrum, where 
 the souls of holy fathers go, till they get a pass with them to holy Peter. 
 
 * This, it is believed, was composed soon after that of 1641, and alludes to it. 
 
( 32 ) 
 
 23. We are bound to believe that the souls of children unbaptized, go to Limbus 
 infantum, until original sin is well paid away, by the help of holy masses said for 
 them. 
 
 24. We know the souls of Christians go to purgatory, and remain there till we 
 pray them out of it, that they may have power to walk the meadows of ease with 
 safety, till it pleases holy Peter to open the gates of glory for them, where no heretic 
 shall ever enter. 
 
 25. We are bound to keep lent according to our clergy's pleasure, and to maintain 
 the work of supererogation. 
 
 26. We acknowledge the lake in the North to be holy, called Lough-Derg. 
 
 27. We are bound to pray to no other saint on that day, only to him to whom it 
 is dedicated. 
 
 28. We must baptize bells, consecrate chapels, and no man to enter into the office 
 of a priest, only he who is known to be a man. 
 
 29. We maintain seven sacraments essential to salvation, viz.: baptism, eucharist, 
 penance, extreme unction, holy order, confirmation, and matrimony. 
 
 30. We maintain that we can transubstantiate the bread and wine into the real 
 body and blood of Christ. 
 
 31. We believe the heretics eat their kind of sacrament to their eternal damnation. 
 
 32. We believe that Christ is every where, but particularly in our church. 
 
 33. We maintain that we cannot marry any heretic woman, without being, in dan- 
 ger of the judgment. 
 
 34. We maintain that heretics know neither the will of the prophets nor of Christ. 
 
 35. We acknowledge that the rosary of St. Bridget is to be said once a week ; and, 
 lastly, that our holy church can never err. Secula seculorum. 
 
 Roche and Murphy said mass four times on the march from Gory to Arklow. 
 
 FINIS. 
 

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