i es 
 
FROM 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 OF 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER, Barr. 
 
 OXFORD 
 
as pgp, ha SCG J P COPY. . 
 
 117 
 
 BE 5 SR aS sae 
 ——— A Journal of the Plage sue Year, being ob 
 
 servations Or me moria 
 of the most remarkable occurrences as well 
 
 Publick as Private 
 happened in Landon during the last Great Visitation In 1665. 
 
 Written by 4 Citizen who continued all the 
 made publick btfore. 
 8vo. A REMARKABLE (\ PY OF THE 
 om full crushed leant morocco extra. 
 | 
 London, a) 
 Probably Unique \n Uneut State. 
 “The Journal of the lague Yea is in some respects Defoe’s mastery] 
 not been the autho! \f ‘Robins son Crusoe” Defes: wold hee 
 for the genius he diblayed i k.”? 
 
 this work. 
 “For the grandeur of te theme and the pri foundly affecting fiamili rity 
 
 ment, for the thrillinjand hy mely touches whi ch point at once the 
 physieal terrors of a _ tilence, it is one of the noblest proc 
 
 while in [ mndon. 
 
 FIRST EDITION. By 
 
 £774 
 
 ?, 2. €. g. OTHERS ENTIRELY 
 
 6% % 
 
 moral 
 » epics of the langt 
 
 ‘Aq paleuop aJam oumMjoa 
 SH} JO UONFIOIsaI ay) JOJ spun, 
 
4712. A Journal of the Plague Year : being 
 Observations or Memorials, of the most 
 remarkable Occurrences . . . which happened 
 in London during the last great Visitation in 
 1665. Written by a Citizen who continued 
 all the while in London... 8°. Lond., 1722. 
 
 First ed. Signed at end‘H.F.’ Running title: 
 Memoirs of the Plague. Bk.-plate of ‘Hicks’. In- 
 serted: a review of ‘Defoe, ed. by John Mase- 
 field’, from Times Lit. Suppl., 11 Nov., 1909. The 
 vol., in 18th-century binding, contains also King, 
 no. 5021. 
 
 “One of his [Defoe’s] most remarkable per- 
 formances ...It was suggested by the dread of 
 the plague, which had recently broken out in 
 France, and the narrative has an air of authenticity 
 which imposed on Dr. Mead, who had been 
 
 ‘ appointed to report upon desirable precautions. 
 He quotes it as an authority in his ‘ Discourse on 
 the Plague ’ (1744 [no. 3364, p. 106]).’”’ (D. N. B.) 
 Defoe was six (?) years old at the time of the 
 plague, and probably his parents remained in 
 London. W. O. 
 
 5021. Useful Transactions in Philosophy, 
 and other sorts of Learning, for the months 
 of March and April, 1709. To be continu’d 
 monthly, as they sell. 8°. Lond., (1709). 
 
 Anonymous, illustrated parodies of the Royal 
 Society’s Transactions. Three numbers were pub- 
 lished, of which this is No. II. In arts. ii and iv 
 Leeuwenhoek’s communications on the Tongue and 
 on the Membranes of the Intestines are burlesqued. 
 
 Bd. with no. 4712. 
 
} 
 \ 
 y 
 y 
 
JOURNAL 
 
 aque Lear, Sec. 
 
4 
 
 — 
 
 JOURNAL 
 
 OF THE 
 
 - Blague Dear: 
 
 Bot UR, 2G 
 
 Obfervations or Memorials, 
 
 Of the moft Remarkable 
 
 OCCURRENCES, 
 
 As well 
 
 PUBLICK as PRIVATE, 
 
 EQ: N > = Ge 
 GREAT VISITATION 
 In 1665. 
 
 ') demon 
 
 Written by a Citizen who continued all the 
 while in Lowdoz. Never made publick before 
 
 OLN DON: 
 Printed for E. Nutz at the Bax L Exchange ; F. Roberts 
 in Warwick-Lane ; A/Diddwithout Temple- Bar ; 
 
 oid > 
 
 and F. Graves in St, Fame; 
 
4 
 
 2 Memoirs of 
 
 from the Letters of Merchants, and others, who 
 Ada 
 
 oe onded abroad, and from them was handed 
 ut by Word of Mouth only; fo that things 
 
 did not {pread initanely over the whole Nation, 
 
 as they donow. But it feems oles the Govern- 
 ment ‘had a true Account of it, and feveral Coun- 
 fels were held about Ways to prevent its coming 
 ever; but all was kept very private. Hence it 
 was, that this Rumour died of again, and Peo- 
 ple began to forget it, as a thing we were very 
 httle oe in, and that we hoped was not 
 true; till the latrer End of November, or the Be- 
 
 ginning of bas mber 1664, when two Men, faid 
 to be French-men, died of the Plague in ans 
 Acre, or rat ther at the upper End of Drury L Lane. 
 Family ey were in, endeavour’d to con- 
 ch as poffible; but as it had got- 
 ten fome Vent in the Difcourfe of the Neigh- 
 bourhood, the Secretaries of State gat Know- 
 ledge of it. od concerning themfelves to inquire 
 about it, in order to be certain of the Truth; 
 two Phyficians and a Surgeon were order’d to 
 go to the Houle, and make re Ho This 
 they did; and finding evident Tokens of the 
 Sicknefs upon both the Bodies that were dead, 
 they gave their Opinions publickly, that they 
 died of the Plague: Whereupon it was given in 
 to the Parifh Clerk, and alfo return’d them 
 to the Hall; and ir was printed in the weekly 
 Bill of Mortality in the ufual «manner, thus, 
 
 Plague 2. Parifhes infected I. 
 
 The People fhew'd a great Concern at this; 
 and began to be allarm’d all over the Town, 
 and Es more, becaufe in the laft Week in De- 
 cembey 1664, another Man died in the fame 
 Houfe 
 
, 
 
 — : 
 
 Houfe, and of the fame Diflemper: And then 
 we were eafy again for about fix W ecks, when 
 hone having died with any Marks of Infe&ion; 
 it was faid, the Diftemper was gone; but after 
 that, I th ink it was about the 12th of February, 
 another died in another Houfe, but in the fame 
 Parifh, and in the fame manner. 
 
 This turn’d the Pe: yples Eyes pretty much to- 
 wards that End of the Town; and the weekly 
 Bills fhewing an Encreafe of Burials in Se. Giles’s 
 Parifh more than ufual, it began to be fulpeéted, 
 that the Plague was among the People at that 
 End of the Town ; and that many had died of it, 
 tho’ few had taken Care to keep it as much 
 from the Knowlege of the Publick, as poffible: 
 This poftefs’d the Heads of the People very much; 
 and few card to go thro’ Drury-Laue, or the 
 other Streets fufpe&ed, unlefs they had extraor- 
 dinary Bufinefs, that obliged them to it. 
 
 This Encreafe of the Bills ftood thus; the u 
 fual Number of Burials ina Week, in the Parifhes 
 of Sr. Giles’s in the Fields, and St. Audrew’s Hol- 
 born were from 12 to 17 or 19 each few more 
 or lefs; but from the Time that the Plague firft 
 began in St. Giles’s Parifh, it was obferv’d, that 
 the ordinary Burials encreafed in Number conft- 
 derably. For Example, 
 
 th 
 
 From Dec. 27th t to Fan. 23 St. Giles’s ——16 
 St. Andrew’s——17 
 
 Fan. 3. to = 10. St. Gilesss —12 
 St. Andreu’ s——25 
 
 Fan. 1a. to — 17. St. Giles’s =—18 
 St. Andrew’s——18 
 
 B 2 From 
 
Memoirs of 
 
 From Fas. 17. to Fan.24. St. Gile’s ——23 
 St. Andrews 16 
 
 Fan. 24.to — 31. St. Giles’s —24 
 St. Andrew s——15 
 
 Fan. 30. to Feb, 7 St. Giles’s ——24 
 St. Audrew’s—23 
 
 Feb, 7. to=~ 14. St. Giles’s ——24 
 whereof one of the Plague. 
 
 The like Encreafe of the Bills was obferv’d in 
 the Parifhes of St, Brides, adjoining on one Side 
 of Holborn Parifh, and in the Parifh of St. ames 
 Clarkenwel, adjoining on the other Side of Hol- 
 born ; in both which Parifhes the ufual Numbers 
 that died weekly, were from 4 to 6 or 8, where- 
 as at that time they were increas’d, as follows. 
 
 From Dec. 20. to Dec. 27. St. Brides— o 
 St. Fames— 8 
 
 x 
 
 Des 27. to Fan. 3. St. Brides— 6 
 St. Fames— 9 
 
 + 3+ f0 —— To. St. Brides—mry 
 St. FJames— 7 
 
 » 10. to —— 17. St. Brides—y2 
 St. Fames— 9 
 
 * 17. t0 ——~ 24. St. Brides— 9 
 St. James—15 
 
 2h. C0 m—— 31. St. Bride 8 
 St. Fames—12 
 
 From 
 
7 
 
 ee 
 
 the PLAGUE. 5 
 
 From Fan. 31. to Feb. 7. St. Bridesm13 
 
 St. Fames— 5 
 
 Feb, 7. tO =— 14: St. Brides—t12 
 St. Fames— 6 
 
 Befides this, it was obferv’d with great Un- 
 eafinefs by the People, thar the weekly Bills in 
 general encreas’d very much during thefe Weeks, 
 altho it was at a Time of the Year, when ufual- 
 ly the Bills are very moderate. 
 
 The ufual Number of Burials within the Bills 
 of Mortality for a Week, was from about 240 
 or thereabouts, to 300. The laft was efteem’d a 
 Pretty high Bill; but after this we found the Bills 
 fucceffively encreafing, as follows. 
 
 Increafed 
 Dec. the 20. to the 27th, Buried 291. — 
 27.to the 3 Gam ——= 349. — 58 
 January 3. to the 10. = 394. 45 
 Io. to the 17. = 415. == 25 
 17. to the 24. ———— 474. —= 59 
 
 _This lat Bill was teally frightful, being a 
 higher Number than had been known to have 
 been buried in one Week, fince the preceeding 
 Vifitation of 1656. 
 
 However, all this went of again, and the 
 Weather proving cold, and the Froft which be- 
 gan in December, till continuing very fevere, even 
 till near the End of February, attended with fharp 
 tho’ moderate Winds, the Bills decreas’d again, 
 and the City grew healthy, and every body began 
 to look upon the Danger as good as over; only 
 that ftill the Burials in St. Giles’s continu’d high: 
 From the Beginning of April efpecially: they ftood 
 at 25 cach Week, till the Week from the r8th to 
 the 25th, when there was buried in St. Gilers 
 
 “TD 3 Parifh 
 
Parith 30, whereof tw 0 of the Plague, and 8 of 
 the Spotted-Feaver, which was look’d ig as the 
 fame thing; likewife the Number that died of 
 the Spotred-Feaver in the whole increafed, being 
 8 the Week before, and 12 the Week above- 
 named. 
 
 ‘This alarm’d us all again, and terrible Appre- 
 henfions were among the People, efpecially the 
 Weather being now chang’d and growing warm,and 
 the Summer being at Hand : However, the next 
 Week there feem’d to be fome Hopes again, the 
 Bills were low, the Number of the Dead in all 
 was but 388, rhere was none of the Plague, and 
 but four of the Spotted- Feaver. 
 
 But the following Week it return’d again, and 
 
 iit nper was {pread into two or three 
 thes (viz.) St. Audrew’s- Holborn, St. Cle- 
 t’s-Danes, and to the great AffliGion of the 
 City, one died within the Walls, in the Parith of 
 St. Mary-W00! Church, that is to fay, in Bearbinder- 
 lane neat the Stocks market ; in all there was nine of 
 the Piague, and. fix of the Spotted.Feaver. It 
 was however upon Inquiry found, that this French- 
 man who died in Bearbinder-lane, was one who 
 liv’d in Long- Acre, near the infected Honufes, 
 had removed for fear of the Diftemper, not know- 
 ing that he was already infected. 
 
 This. was the beginning of May, yer the Wea- 
 ther was temperate, variable and cool enough- 
 and People had {till fome Hopes: That which en- 
 courag’d yn was, that the City was healthy, 
 the whole-97 Parifhes buried but 54, and we be- 
 gan to hope, that as it was chiefly among the 
 People at that End of the Town, it might go no 
 farther; and the rather, becaufe the next Week 
 which was from the gth of May to the 16th there 
 died but three, of which not one within the whole 
 City 
 
 — 
 
* 
 
 — 
 esha GUE . 9 
 
 City or Liberties, and St. Audrew’s buried but 15, 
 which was very low : ’Tis true, St. Giles’s buried 
 two and thirty, but ftill as there was but one of 
 the Plague, People began to be caly, the whole 
 Bill alfo was very low, | for the Week before, the Bill 
 was but 347, and the Week above-mentioned but 
 343 : We continued in thefe Hopes for a few Days, 
 But it was but for a few ; for the People were no 
 more to be deceived thus ; ‘they earcht theHoufes, 
 and found that the Plague ally {pread every 
 way,and that many died of it every Day : So that 
 
 now all our Extenuations abated, and it was no 
 more to be concealed,nay it quickly appeared that 
 
 the Infeétion had fpread it felt all Hopes of 
 
 Abatement ; that in the Parifl "Giles eee 
 
 was gotten into feveral Streets, and feveral Fami- 
 lies lay all fick together; And accot rding!y y in the 
 Weekly Bill for the next Week, 
 
 fhew it felt; thet re Was indeed bad I af down of 
 the Plague, mila tl Lis was all Knavery and Collu- 
 fion, tor in St. Giles’s Parith they buried 40 in all, 
 whereof ic was certain moft of them died of the 
 
 Piague, though they were fet down of other Di- 
 ftempers; and though the Number of al 
 
 1 the Bu- 
 
 rials were notincreafed above 32, he whole 
 <1 der ; : o | t 
 Bill being but 385, yet there was 14 oF the opot- 
 
 1 
 
 4 Fae aS ; Seen 
 ted-F caver, as well aS I4 of the P! 
 
 took it for granted upon the whole 
 
 was 50 died that Week of the Plague. 
 
 The next. Bill was from the 23d of May tothe 
 30th, when the Number 
 But the Burials in St. Gile 
 Number ! of whom they 
 Plague : But on au Examination 
 the Juftices of the Peace, and at the ae ‘seas 
 Reque éf,: it was found there were 20 more, who 
 were really dead of the Plague in that Parith, but 
 
 B4 had 
 
<4 
 § Memoirs of 
 
 had been fer down of the Spotted-Feaver oe 
 other Diftempers, befides others concealed. 
 
 1 Bur chofe were trifling Things to what followed 
 mmediately after ; for now the Weather fet in hot, 
 and from the firft Week in Fune, the Infe&ion 
 fpread in a dreadful Manner, and the Bills rife 
 high, the Articles of the Feaver, Spotted-Feaver, 
 and Teeth, began to fwell: For all that could con- 
 ceal their Diftempers, did it to Prevent their 
 Neighbours fhunning and refufing to converfe 
 with them ; and alfo to Prevent Authority fhut- 
 ting up their Houfes, which though it was not 
 yet praGifed, yer was threatned, and People were 
 extremely terrify’d at the Thoughts of ir. 
 
 The Second Week in Fune, the Parith of 
 St: Giles’s, where ftill the Weight of the Infeétion 
 lay, buried 120, whereof though the Bills {aid but 
 68 of the Plague; every Body faid there had been 
 tooat leaft, calculating it from the ufual Number 
 of Funerals in that Parith as above. 
 
 Till this Week the City continued free, there 
 having never any died except that one Frenchman, 
 who I mention’d before, within the whole 97 Pa- 
 rifhes. Now there died four Within the City, one 
 in Wood-ftreet, one in Fenchurch flreet, and two in 
 Crooked-lane: Southwark Was entirely free, ha~ 
 ving not one yet died on that Side of the Water. 
 
 Lliv’d without Aldgate about mid-way between 
 
 Aldgate Church and White-Chappel- Bars, on the lefe 
 
 Hand or North-fide of the Street ; and as the 
 Diftemper had not reach’d to that Side of the City, 
 our Neighbourhood continued very eafy: Bur at 
 the other End of the Town, their Contfternation 
 Was very great ; and the richer fort of People, ef- 
 Pecially the Nobility and Gentry, from the Weilt- 
 Part of the City throng’d out of Town, with their 
 
 amjlies and Servants in an unufual Manner ; and 
 this was moré Particularly feen in White-Chapel ; 
 I 
 
 that 
 
= 
 
 that is to fay,the Broad-ftreet where I liv’d: Indeed 
 nothing was to be feen but Waggons and Carts, 
 with Goods, Women, Servants, Children, cc. 
 Coaches fill’d with People of the better Sort, 
 and Horfemen attending them, and all hurrying 
 away; then empty Waggons, andCarts appear’d and 
 Spare-horfes with Servants, who it was apparent 
 were returning or fent from the Countries to ferch 
 more People: Befides innumerable Numbers of 
 Men on Horfeback, fome alone, others with Ser- 
 vants, and generally (peaking, all loaded with Bag- 
 age and fitred out for travelling, as any one might 
 perceive by their Appearance. 
 
 1 
 
 This was a very terrible and melancholy Thing 
 to fee,and as it was a Sight which I cou’d not but 
 Jook on from Morning to Night ; for indeed there 
 was nothing elfe of Moment to be feen, it filled me 
 with very ferious Thoughts of the Mifery that was 
 coming upon the City, and the unhappy Condition 
 of thofe that would be left in it. 
 
 This Hurry of the People was fuch for fome 
 Weeks, that there was no getting at the Lord- 
 Mayor’s Door without exceeding Difficulty ; there 
 was fuch preffing and crouding there to get pafles 
 and Certificates of Health, for fuch as travelled 
 abroad ; for without thefe, there was no being 
 admitted to pafs thro’ the Towns upon the Road, 
 or to lodge in any Inn: Now as there had none 
 died in the City for ail this time, My Lord Mayor 
 gave Certificates of Health without any Diffi- 
 culty to all thofe who liv’d in the 97 Parifhes, and 
 to thofe within the Liberties too for a while. 
 
 This Hurry, I fay, continued fome Weeks, that 
 is to fay, all the Month of May and Fune, and the 
 more becaufe it was rumour’d that an order. of 
 the Government was to be iffued out, to place 
 ‘Turn pikes and Barriers on the Road, to prevene 
 
 Peoples 
 
10 MeEmoOIRS of 
 
 Peoples travelling; and chat the Towns on the 
 Road, would not fuffer People from London to pafs, 
 for fear of bringing the Infe@ion along with them, 
 though neither of thefe Rumours had any Foun- 
 dation, but in the Imagination; efpecially at firft. 
 
 I now began to confider ferioufly with my Self, 
 concerning my own Cafe, and how I fhould dif- 
 pofe of my felf; that is to fay, whether I fhould 
 refolve to ftay in Loxdox, or fhut up my Houfe and 
 flee, as many of my Neighbours did. I have 
 fet this particular down fo fully, becaufe I know 
 not but it may be of Moment to thofe who come 
 after me, if they come to be brought to the fame 
 Diftrefs, and to the fame Manner of making their 
 Choice and therefore I defire thisAccount may pals 
 with them, rather for a DireG&ionto themfelves to 
 aG@ by, than a Hiftory of my aGings, feeing it may 
 not be of one Farthing value to them to note what 
 became of me. 
 
 I had two important things before me ; the one 
 was the carrying on my BufinefS and Shop; 
 which was confiderable, and in which was em- 
 bark’d all my Effe&s in the World ; and the other 
 was the Prefervation of my Life in fo difmal a 
 Calamity, as I faw apparently was coming upon 
 the whoie City; and which however great it was; 
 my Fears perhaps as wellas other Peoples, repre- 
 {ented to be much greater than it could be 
 
 The firft Confideration was of great Moment 
 to me; my Trade was a Sadler, and as my Deal- 
 ings were chiefly not by a Shop or Chance Trade, 
 but among the Merchants, trading to the Engli/h 
 Colonies in America, fo my Effe&s lay very much 
 in the hands of fuch, I wasa fingle Man ’tis true, 
 but I had a Family of Servants, who I kept at 
 my Bufinefs, had a Houfe, Shop, and Ware-houfes 
 fill’d with Goods ; and in fhort, to leave them ail 
 as things in fuch a Cafe muft be left, that is to 
 fay 
 
“Sa 
 
 the PLAGUE If 
 
 fay, without any Overfeer or Perfon fit to be 
 trufted with them, had been to hazard the Lofs 
 not only of my Trade, but of my Goods, and 
 indeed of all I had in che World. 
 
 [ had an Elder Brother at the fame Time in 
 London, and- not many Years before come over 
 from Portugal; and advifing with fo his Anfwer 
 
 was in three Words the fame that Dh given 
 in another Cafe quite di fferent, (vi 1%) WV hafter J lave 
 thy felf. Ina Word, he was for my retir ing into Be 
 
 Country, as he refolv’d to do himfelf with his 
 mily; telling me, what he hadit feems, heard a- 
 broad, that the beft Preparation for the eee 
 was torun away fromit. As to my Argumen 
 of lofing my Trade, my Goods, or Debts, he 
 quite confuted me: He told me the fame thin 2, 
 which I argued for my ftaying, (viz) That Tuiontd 
 truft God with my Safe ty and Health, was the 
 ftrongelt Repulfe to my Pretentions of lofing my 
 Trade and my Goods; for, lays he, is it not as 
 reafonable that you fhould truft God with the 
 Chance or Rifque of lofing your Trade, as that 
 you fhould ftay in fo imminent a Point of Danger, 
 and truft him with your Life? 
 
 I could not argue that I was in any Strait, as 
 to a Place where to go, having feveral Friends 
 and Relations in No thamptonpire, whence our Fa- 
 mily firft came from ; and particularly, I had an 
 on ly Sifter in Lincolnfbire, very willing to receive 
 and entertain. me. 
 
 My Brother, who had already fent his Wife and 
 two Children into Bedfordfbire, and refolv’d to 
 follow them, prefs’d my going very earneftly ; 
 and I had once refolv’d to comply with his De- 
 fires, but at that time could get no Horfe: For 
 tho’ it is true, all the People did noc go out of 
 the City of London ; yet I may venture to fay, that 
 in a manner all the Horfes did; for there was 
 
 > hardly 
 
12 MEMOIRS of 
 hardly a Horfe to be bought or hired in the 
 whole City for fome Weeks. Once I refoly’d to 
 
 travel on Foot with one Servant; and as many 
 did, lie at no Inn, but carry a Soldiers Tent with 
 
 us, and{o lie in the Fields, the Weather being 
 
 very warm, and no Danger from taking cold: J 
 fay, as many did, becaufe feveral did fo at laf, 
 efpecially chofe who had been in the Armies it 
 the War which had not been many Years patt; 
 andI mutt needs fay,that {peaking of fecond Caufes, 
 had moft of the People that travelled, done fo, the 
 Plague had not been carried into fo many Coun- 
 try-Towns and Houfes, as it was, to the great Da- 
 mage, and indeed to the Ruin of abundance of 
 People. 
 
 But then my Servant who I had intended to 
 take down with me, deceiv’d me 3 and being 
 frighted at the Encreafe of the Diftemper, and 
 not knowing when I fhould go, he took other Mea- 
 fures, and left me, fo I was put off for that Time; 
 and one way or other, I always found that to ap- 
 point to go away was always cro(s’d by fome 
 Accident or other, fo as to difappoint and put it 
 off again ; and this brings ina Story which other- 
 wife might be thought a needlefs Digreffion, 
 (viz,) about thefe Difappointments being from 
 Heaven. 
 
 I mention this Story alfo as the bef Method 
 I can advife any Perfon to take in fuch a Cafe, e- 
 fpecially, if he be one that makes Confcience of 
 his Duty, and would be dire&ed what to do in 
 it, namely, that he fhould Keep his Eye upon the 
 particular Providences which occur at that Time, 
 and look upon them complexly, as they regard 
 one another, and as altogether regard the Que- 
 {tion before him, and then I think, he may fately 
 take them for Intimations from Heaven of what 
 is his ungueftion’d Duty to do in fuch a Cafe ; 
 
 J 
 
 a ae, 
 
 Ss <P ss | Cl 
 
—— 
 
 th PLAGUE. 13 
 
 I mean as to going away from, or ftaying in the 
 
 Place where we dwell, when vifited with an in- 
 fectious Diftemper. 
 
 It came very warmly into my Mind, one 
 Morning, as I was mufing-on this particular thing, 
 that as nothing attended us without the Dire@ion 
 or Permiffion of Divine Power, fo thefe Difap- 
 pointments muft have fomething in them extraor- 
 dinary ; and Tought to confider whether it did 
 
 i not evidently point out, or intimate to me, that it 
 
 was the Will of Heaven I fhould not go. It im- 
 mediately follow’d in my Thoughts, that if it real- 
 ly was from God, that I fhould ftay, he was able 
 
 | effeGtually to preferve me in the midft of all the 
 
 Death and Danger that would furround me; and 
 that if I attempted to feeure my felf by fleeing 
 from my Habitation, and a@ed contrary to thefe 
 Tntimations, which I believed to be Divine, it was 
 a kind of flying from God, and that he could 
 eaufe his Juftice to overtake me when and where 
 he thought fir. 
 
 Thefe thoughts quite turn’d my Refolutions a= 
 gain, and when I came to difcourfe with my Bro- 
 ther again I told him, that I enclin’d to ftay and 
 take my Lot in that Station in which God had 
 plac’d me; and that it feem’d to be made more 
 efpecially my Duty, on the Account of what I 
 have faid. 
 
 My Brother, tho’ a very Religious Man him- 
 felf, laughr at all I had fuggefted about its being 
 an Intimation from Heaven, and told me feveral 
 Stories of fuch fool-hardy People, as he cal?’d them, 
 as I was; that Lovght indeed to fubmit to it as 
 a Work of Heaven, if I had been any way difabled 
 by Diftempers or Difeafes, and that then not be- 
 ing able to go, I ought to acquiefce in the Di- 
 rection of him, who having been my Maker, had 
 an undifputed Right of Soveraignity in difpofing 
 
 of 
 
14. MemorRs of 
 
 of me; and that then there had been no Difi- 
 culty to determine which was the Call of his Pros 
 vidence, and which was not: But that I fhonld 
 take ic as an Intimation from Heaven, that] 
 fhould not go out of Town, only becaufe I could 
 not hire a Horfe togo, or my Fellow wasrun away 
 that was to attend me, was ridiculous, fince atthe 
 fame Time I had my Health and Limbs, and other 
 Servants, and might, with Eafe, travel a Day or 
 two on foot, and having a good Certificate of 
 being in perfe& Health, might either hire a Horfe, 
 or take Poft on the Road, as I thought fit. 
 
 ‘Then he proceeded to tell me of the mifchei- 
 vous Confequences which attended the Prefum- 
 ption of the Zurks and Mahometans in Afa and 
 in other Places, where he had been ( for my Bro- 
 ther being a Merchant, wasa few Years before, 
 as I have already obferv’d, returned from abroad, 
 coming laft from Lisboz ) and how prefuming up- 
 on their profefs’d predeftinating Notions, and of 
 every Man’s End being prederermin’d and unalte: 
 rably before-hand decreed, they would go uncon- 
 cern’d into infected Places, and converfe with in 
 feGied Perfons, by which Means they died at the 
 Rate of Ten or Fifteen Thoufand a- Week, whereas 
 the Europeans, or Chriftian Merchants, who kept 
 themfelves retired and referv’d, generallyefeap’d 
 the Contagion. 
 
 Upon thefe Arguments my Brother changd 
 my Refolutions again, and I began to refolve té 
 go, and accordingly made all things ready; fet 
 in fhort, the Infection increafed round me, and 
 the Bills were rifen to almoft 7oo a-Week, and 
 my Brother told me, he would yenture to ftay no 
 longer. J defir’d him tolet me confider of it but 
 till the next Day, and I would refolve; and 
 as I had already prepard every thing as well 
 as I could, as to my Bufinefs, and who to om 
 
 tru 
 
——— 
 th. PLAGUE 15 
 truftmy Affairs with, I had little to do but to re- 
 folve. 
 
 I went Home that Evening greatly opprefs’d in 
 my Mind, irrefolute, and not knowing what to 
 do ; I had fet the Evening wholly apart to con- 
 fider ferioufly about it, and was all alone; for al- 
 ready People had, as it were by a general Con- 
 fent,- taken up the Cuftom of not going out of 
 Doors after Sun-fet, the ReafonsI fall have Oc- 
 cafion to fay more of by-and-by. 
 
 In the Retirement of this Evening I endeavou- 
 red to refolve firft, what was my Duty to do, 
 and I ftated the Arguments with which my Bro- 
 ther had prefs d me to go into the Country, and 
 I fet againft them the {trong Impreffions which 
 I had on my Mind for ftaying ; the vilible Call I 
 feem’d to have from the particular Circumftance 
 of my Calling, and the Care due from me for 
 the Prefervation of my Effe&ts, which were, as I 
 might fay, my Eftate; alfo the Intimations which 
 I thought I had from Heaven, that to me fig- 
 nify’'d a kind of Dire&ion to venture, and it oc- 
 
 currd to me, that if I had what I might call 
 a DireG&ion to ftay, I ought to fuppofe it con- 
 tain’d a Promife of being preferved, if I obey’d. 
 
 This lay clofe to me, and my Mind feemed 
 more and more encouraged to ftay than ever, and 
 fupported with a fecret SatisfaGion, that I fhould 
 be kept : Add to this that turning over the Bible, 
 which lay before me, and while my Thoughts 
 were more than ordinarily ferious upon the Que- 
 ftion, I.cry’d out, WELL, J know not what to 
 do, Lord direét me! and the like; and that Jun- 
 Gure [happen’d to ftop turning over the Book at 
 the 91? Pfalm, and cafting my Eye on the fecond 
 Verfe, Iread on to the 7th Verfe exclufive ; and 
 after that, included the roth, as follows. J will 
 fay of the Lord, He is my refuge, and my foretrefs, 
 
 my 
 
16 Memoirs of 
 
 my God, in him will I truft. Surely he fhall dé 
 liver thee from the faave of the fowler, and from the 
 noifom peftilence. He fhall cover the with his feas 
 thers, and under his wings fhalt thou truft : bis truth 
 Shall be thy fhield and buckler. Thou fale not be 
 afraid for the terror by might, nor for the arrow 
 that flieth by day : Nor for the peftilence that walk- 
 eth in darkuefs : nor for the deftruttion that wafteth 
 at noon-day. A thoufand hall fall at thy fide, and 
 tex thoufand at thy right hand: but it foall not come 
 nigh thee. Only with thine Eyes fhalt thou behold and 
 See the reward of the wicked. Becaufe thou haft made 
 the Lord which is my refuge, even the moft High, thy 
 habitation : There fhall no evil befal thie, neither fall 
 any plague come nigh thy dwelling, &c. 
 
 I fcaree need tell the Reader, that from that 
 Moment I refolv'd that I would ftay in the Town, 
 and cafting my felf entirely upon the Goodnefs 
 and Protection of the Almighty, would not 
 feck any other Shelter whatever ; and that as my 
 ‘Times were in his Hands, he was as able to keep 
 me in a ‘Time of the Infeétion asin a Time of 
 Health ; and if he did not think fit to deliver me, 
 {till I was in his Hands, and it was meer he thould 
 do with me as fhould feem good to him. 
 
 With this Refolution I went to Bed; and I was 
 farther confirm’d in it the next Day, by the Wo- 
 man being taken ill with whom } had intended to 
 entruft my Houfe and all my Affairs: But Ihad 
 a farther Obligation laid on me on the fame Side ; 
 for the next Day I found my felf very much out 
 of Order alfo ; fo that if 1 would have gone away, 
 I could not, and I continued ill three or four Days; 
 and this intirely determin’d my Stay; fo I took 
 my leave of my Brother, who went away to 
 Darking in Surry, and afterwards fetch’d a Round 
 farther into Buckinghamfbire, or Bedfordfhire, toa 
 Retxeat he had found out there for his Family. ’ 
 
 t 
 
y 
 
 —— 
 th PLAGUE. 17 
 
 it was a very ill Time to be fick in, for if any 
 one complain’d,it was immediately faid he had the 
 Plague ; and tho’ I had indeed no Symptoms of 
 that Diftemper, yet being very ill, both in my 
 Head and in my Stomach, I was not without Ap= 
 prehenfion, that I really was infeéted ; but in a- 
 bout three Days I grew better, the third Night 
 I refted well, fweated alirtle, and was much re- 
 frefh’d; the Apprehenfions of its being the Infe- 
 Gion wentalfo quite away with my  Ilinefs, and I 
 went about my Bufinefs as ufual. 
 
 Thefe Things however put off all my Thoughts 
 of going into the Country; and my Brother alfo 
 being gone; [had nomore Debate either with him, 
 or with my felf; on that Subje&: 
 
 It was now tid-Fu/y, and the Plague which 
 had chiefly rag’d at the other End of the Town; 
 and as I faid | before, in the Parithes of Sr. Giles’s; 
 St. Andrews Holbourn, and towards Weftminfter; 
 began now to come Eaffward towards the Part 
 where Iliv’d. It was to be obferv’d indeed, that 
 it did not come ftrait on towards us ; for the 
 City, that isto fay within the Walls, was indif= 
 ferent healthy fill; nor was it got then very much 
 over the Water into Southwark; for tho’ there di- 
 ed that Week 1268 of all | Dift tem pets; whereof it 
 might be fupy 908s’d above goo died of the Plague ; 
 yet there was but 28 in the whole City, within 
 the Walls; and but r9 in Sisdbagaile Lambeth 
 Parifh fivater: whereas in the Parifhes of St. 
 Giles, and St: Martius in the Fields alone, there 
 died 421. 
 
 3ut we Perceiv'd the Infe&ion keept chief; 
 out-Parifhes, which being very populous, and 
 fuller alfo of Poor, the Dil temper found more to 
 prey upon than in the City, as I thal »bferve atrer- 
 wats we perceiv’'d I fay, the Diftes er to draw 
 our Way ; (wiz.) by the Parifhes of Clerken- Wel, 
 
18 MEMOIRS of 
 
 Cripplegate, Shoreditch, and Bifbopfgate ; which alt 
 two Parifhes joining to Aldgate, /bite-Chapel, and 
 Stepney, the Infe@tion came at length to ftpread its 
 utmoft Rage and violence in thofe Parts, even 
 when’ it abated, at the Weflern Parifhes where 
 i¢ began. 
 
 It was very ftrange to obferve, that in this 
 particular Week, from the 4th to the 1th of Ful, 
 when, as I have obferv'd, there died near 400 
 of the Plagne in the two Parifhes of St. Martin's, 
 and St. Giles in the Fields only, three died in the 
 Parith of Aldgate but four, in the Parith of White- 
 Chapel three ,in the Parifh of Stepney but one. 
 
 Likewife in the next Week, from the 11th of 
 Fuly to the i8th, when the Weck’s Bill was 
 1761, yet there died no more of the Plague, on 
 the whole Suuthwark Side of the Water than fix- 
 teen. 
 
 But this Face of things foon changed, and it 
 began to thicken in Cripplegate Parith efpecially, 
 and in Clerken-Well; fo, that by the fecond Week 
 in Auguft, Cripplegate Parifh alone, buried eight 
 hundred eighty fix, and Clerkeu-Well 155 ; of the 
 firft eight hundred and fifty, might well be rec- 
 koned to die of the Plague; and of the laft, the 
 Bill it felf faid, 145 were of the Plague. 
 
 During the Month of Fuly, and while, as I have 
 obferv’d, our Part of the Town feem’d to be or- 
 {par'd, in Comparifon of the Wf part, I went or- 
 dinarily about the Streets, as my Bufinefs requir’d, 
 and particularly went generally, once ina Day, 
 or in two Days, into the City, to my. Brother's 
 Houfe, which he had given me charge of, and to 
 fee if it was fafe: And having the Key in my 
 Pocket, I ufed to go into the Houfe, and over 
 moft of the Rooms, to fee that all was well ; for 
 tho’ it be fomething wonderful to tell, that any 
 fhould have Hearts fo hardned, in the midft of 
 
 fuch 
 
’ 
 
 — 
 the PLAGUE. 19 
 
 juch a Calamity, as to rob and fteal; yet certain 
 it is, that all Sorts of Villanies, and even Le- 
 vities and Debaucheries were then pra@tiis’d in 
 the Town, as open oa ever, I will not fay quite 
 as frequently, becaufe the Numbers of People 
 were many ways leflen’d. 
 
 But the City it felf began now to be vifited 
 too, I mean within the Walls; but the Number 
 of People there were indeed extreamly leffen’d by 
 fo great a Multitude having been gone into the 
 Country ; and even = this Month of Fuly they 
 Continu’d to flee, tho’ not in fuch Multitudes as 
 formerly. In Auguft iouieds they fled in fuch a 
 manner, that I began to think, there would be 
 
 really none but Mag iftrates and Servants left in 
 ee City. 
 
 As they fled now out of the City, fo I thould 
 obferve, that the Court removed early, ( (viz.) in 
 the Month of Fune, and went to Oxford, where 
 it pleas‘'d God to preferve them; and the Diftem- 
 per didnot, as I heacd of, fo muchas touch them; 
 for which I cannot fay, that I ever faw they 
 thew'd any great Token of Thankfulnefs, and hard- 
 ly any thing of Reformation, tho’ they did not 
 
 o- 
 
 want being told that their crying Vices might; 
 without Vieach h of Charity, be faid to have gone 
 far, in bringing that terrible Judgment upon the 
 
 whole Nation. 
 
 The Face of Louden was now indeed firangely 
 alter’d, Imean the whole Mafs of Buiidi ings, Gi 
 ty, Liberties, Suburbs, 1eftminfter, Southwark and 
 altogether ; for as to the particular Part called 
 the City, or within the Walls, that was not y ae 
 much infected; but in the wohalonss the Face 
 Things, I fay, was much alter’d; Sorrow we 
 Sadnefs fat upon ey Face ; and tl 10° fome Part 
 Were not yet overwhelm’d, yet all look’d deeply con- 
 
 cern’d ; and as we faw it apparently coming on, 
 2 19 
 
20 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 fo every one look’d on ‘himfelf, and his Family; 
 as in the utmoft Danger: were it poffible to repre* 
 fent thofe Times exactly to thofe that did not fee 
 them, and give the Reader due Ideas of the Hortor 
 that every where prefented it felf, it muft make 
 juft Impreffions upon their Minds, and fill them 
 with Surprize. Londow might well be faid to be 
 all in Tears ; the Mourners did not go about the 
 Streets indeed, for no Body put on black, or made 
 a formal Drefs of Mourning for their neareft 
 Friends; but the Voice of Mourning was truly 
 heard in the Streets ; the fhriecks of Women and 
 Children at the Windows, and Doors of their 
 Houfes, where their deareft Relations were, per- 
 haps dying, or juft dead, were fo frequent to be 
 heard, as we pafled the Streets, that it was e- 
 hough to pierce the ftouteft Heart inthe World, 
 to hear them: Tears and Lamentations were feen 
 almoit in every Houfe, efpecially in the firft Pare 
 of the Vifitation; for towards the latter End, 
 Mens Hearts were hatdned, and Death was fo al- 
 ways before their Eyes, that they did not fo much 
 concern themfelves for the Lofs of their Friends, 
 expecting, that themfelves thould be fummoned 
 the next Hour. 
 
 Bufinefs led me out fonietimes to the orher 
 End of the Town, even when the Sicknefs was 
 chiefly there ; and as the thing was new to me, 
 as well as to every Body elfe, it was a moft fur- 
 prifing thing, to fee thofe Streets, which were u- 
 {ually fo thronged, now Stown defolate; and fo 
 few People to be {een in them, that if I had been 
 a Stranger, and at a Lofs for my Way, I might 
 fometimes have gone the Length of a whole Street, 
 I mean of the by-Streets, and fee no Body to di- 
 ret me, except Watchmen, fet at the Doors of 
 fuch Houfes as were thut UP; of which I hhall 
 {peak prefently. 
 
 One 
 
) 
 
 — 
 the PLAGUE. 21 
 
 One Day, bein g at that Part of the Town, on 
 
 'D 
 fome f{pecial Bufinefs, Curiofity led me to obferve 
 things more than ufually ; and indeed I walk’da 
 great Way where I had no Bufinefs ; I went up Hol- 
 bourn, and there the Street was full of People ; but 
 they walk’d in the middle of the great Street, nei- 
 ther on one Side or other, becaufe, as I fuppofe, 
 they would not mingle with any Body that came 
 out of Houfes, or meet with Smells and Scents 
 from Houfes that might be infected. 
 
 The Inns-of-Court were all dhut u 
 very many of the Law yers in the Temple, or 
 Lie olns-Inn, or Greyes-Jun, to be feen there. Every 
 jody was at peace, there was no Occafion for 
 
 a 
 =} 
 '} 
 a 
 © 
 ¢ 
 
 ro 
 
 awyers; befides, it being in the Time of the Va- 
 cation too, they were generally gone into the Coun- 
 try. Whole Rows of Houfes in fome Places, 
 
 were fhut clofe up; the Inhabicants all fled, and 
 only a Watchman or two left. 
 
 When I fpeak of Rows of Honfes 
 up, I do non mean fhut up by 
 but that great Numbers of Perfon 
 
 Conprr. bv the N 
 
 ( our, by the Neceffity of their En 
 
 ol het - De Pendencies : and as others retir a, really 
 rif ghte, ad With the Difter it W 1 i 
 
 } : Rit 
 
 Ina f . nf t ae ~s 1e 
 iaLINGS OF tome or the streets: DUC the 
 
 hot yet near fo great in the City, 
 
 iled - 4 ln >] 
 cauied ;.4and paltic Cul ar] eA becat uie, 
 
 at firit in a moit inexpreffible - Coni 
 
 often at firlt; fo they were as it were, 
 
 { alla ? 1 timec i} 
 and unallarm’d again, and this feveral times, till 
 it began to be fa miliat tr to them ; and thateven, 
 
 when it appear d violent, yet feeing it did not pre- 
 fently f{pread into the City, or the 
 South Parts, the People began to ae 
 and to be, as I may fay, a little hard 
 
 ft many People fled, es 
 
 _— 
 
 ~~ 
 
 is true, a val 
 
P) 
 
 22 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 ferv’d, yet they were chiefly from the Weft End 
 of the Town; and from that we call the Heart 
 of the City, that is to fay, among the wealthieft 
 of the People; and fuch People as were unincum- 
 bred with Trades and Bufinefs: But of the reft, 
 the Generality ftay’d, and feem’d to abide the 
 worlt: So that in the Place we call the Liberties, 
 and in the Suburbs, in Southwark, and in the Eaft 
 Part, fuch as Wapping, Ratclif, Stepney, Rotherbith and 
 the like, the People generally ftay’d, except here 
 and there a few wealthy Families, who, as above, 
 did not depend upon their Bufinefs. 
 
 It muft not be forgot here, that the City and Su- 
 burbs were prodigioufly full of People, at the time 
 of this Vifitation,, I mean, at the time that it be- 
 gan ; for tho’ I have liv’d to fee a farther Encreafe, 
 and mighty -Throngs of People fettling in Loudon, 
 mote than ever, yet we had always a Notion, that 
 the Numbers af People, which the Wars being o- 
 ver, the Armies disbanded, and the Royal Family 
 and the Monarchy being reftor’d, had flock’d to 
 Loudon, to fettle into Bufinefs ; or to depend upon, 
 and attend the Court for Rewards of Sérvices, Pre- 
 ferments, and the like, was fuch, that the Town 
 was computed to have init above a hundred thoue 
 fand people more than ever it held before; nay, 
 fome took upon them to fay, it had twice as ma: 
 ny, becaufe all the ruin’d Fami! 
 Party, flock’d hither: All the ol 
 Trades here, and abundan 
 
 ies of the royal 
 d Soldiers fer up 
 ce of Families fettled 
 here ; again, the Court brought with them a 
 great Flux of Pride, and new Fathions ; Ail Peo- 
 ple were sown gay and luxurious; and the Joy 
 of che Reftoration had brought a vaft many Fami- 
 lies to London. 
 
 , T often thought, that as Ferufalem was befieg’d 
 oy tne Romans, wnen the Fe ws were aflembled to- 
 gether, to celebrate the Paflover, by which means, 
 an 
 
 oom 
 
\ 
 
 — 
 
 th PLAGUE. 23 
 
 an incredible Number of People were furpriz’d 
 there, who would otherwife have been in other 
 Countries: So the Plague entred Loudon, when an 
 incredible Increafe of People had happened oc- 
 cafionally, by the particular Cireumftances above- 
 nam’d: As this Conflux of the Peo ple, toa youth- 
 ful and gay Court, ma ide a great Trade in the 
 City, efpecially in every thin g that belong’d to 
 Fafhion and Finery ; So it drew by Confequeneg, 
 a great Number of Work-men, Manufacturers, and 
 the like, being moftly poor People, who depended 
 up yon their Labour, An d I] remember in particular, 
 that in a Repref fentation to my Lord Mayor, of 
 the Condition of the Poor, it was eftimated, that, 
 there were no lefs than an Hund Thoufand 
 Ribband Weavers in and about the City ; the chie- 
 felt Number of whom, lived then in the Parifhes 
 of Shoreditch, Stepney, FE White chapel, and Bifhop [gate ; 
 
 that namely, about Spittle-fields ; that is to ’ 
 as Spittle- fields was then : for it was not fo la 
 as now, by one fifth Part, 
 
 By this however, the Number of People in the 
 > may be judg’d of ; and indeed, Toften won- 
 dred, that after the prodigiot is Numbers of Peo- 
 ple that went away at cate there was yet fo 
 great a Multitude lefr, as it a ppeat d there was. 
 But I muft go back again to the Be einning of 
 this Surprizing Time, while the Fears of the 
 ay bs were young, they were encreas’d sod 
 by feveral odd Accidents, which put altoget! ef 
 it was realy a wonder the whole Body of the 
 People did not rife as one Man, a abandot 
 theie Dwellings, leaving the Place as a Space 0 
 Ground defigned by Heaven for an Akeldama, 
 doom’d to be deftroy’d from the Face of the 
 Earth ; and that all that would be found in it, 
 would perifh with it. I fhall Name but a few 
 of thefe Things; but fure they were fo many, and 
 
 4 10 
 
 3] 
 ik 
 4 
 A 
 
24 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 fo many Wizards and cunning People propagating 
 them, that I have often wonder’d there was any, 
 (Women efpecially,) left behind. 
 
 In the firlt Place, a blazing Star or Comet ap- 
 pear'd for feveral Months before the Plague, as 
 there did the Year after another, a little before the 
 Fire; the old Women, and the Phlegmatic Hy- 
 ocopdriac Part ofthe other Sex, who I could al- 
 tpott call old Women too, remark’d (efpecially after- 
 ward tho’ not, till both thofeJudgments were over,) 
 that thofe two Comets pais’d dire&ly over the 
 City, and that fo very near the Houfes, that it 
 was plain, they imported fomething peculiar to 
 the City alone ; that the Comet before the ‘Pefti- 
 lence, was of a faint, dull, languid Colour, and 
 its Motion very heavy, folemn and flow: But 
 that the Comet before the Fire, was bright and 
 fparkling, or as others faid, flaming, and its 
 Motion {witt and furious; and that accord- 
 
 ingly, One foretold a heavy Judgment, flow but 
 fevere, terrible and frightful, as was the Plague ; 
 But the other foretold a Stroak, fudden, {wift, and 
 fiery as the Conflagration ; nay, fo particular fome 
 People were, that as they look’d upon that Co- 
 
 met preceding the Fire, they fancied that they not 
 only faw it pafs fwiftly and fiercely, and con’d per- 
 ceive the Motion with their Eye, but even they 
 heard it; that it made a rufhing mighty Noife, 
 fierce and terrible, tho’ ata diftance, and but jut 
 perceivable. 
 
 Ifaw both thefe Stars; and I muft confefs, had 
 fo much of the common Notion of fuch Things in 
 my Head, that I was apt to look upon them, as 
 the Forerunners and Warnings of Gods Judgments ; 
 and efpecially when after the Placue had followed 
 the firit, : a faw another of ‘the like kind; I 
 coul< O uC 4 IO h ee 
 pee ete God had nor yet fufficiently 
 
 But 
 
’ 
 
 — 
 the PLAGUE, 25 
 
 But I cou'd not atthe fame Time carry thefe 
 Things to the heighth that others did, knowing 
 too, that natural Caufes are affign’d by the Alftro- 
 nomers for fuch Things; and that their Motions, 
 and even their Revolutions are calculated, or pre- 
 ded to be calculated ; fo that they cannot be fo 
 perfectly call’d the Fore-runners, or Fore tellers, 
 much lefsthe procurers of fuch Events, as Pefti- 
 lence, War, Fire, and the like. 
 
 But let my Thoughts, and the Thoughts of the 
 Philofophers be, or’have been what they will, 
 thefe Things had a more then ordinary Influence 
 upon the Minds of the common People, and they 
 had almoft univerfal melancho y 
 
 of fome dreadful Calamity and 
 ing upon the City; and this Principally from 
 the Sight of this Come 
 
 t, and the little Alla 
 that was givenin December, by two People dying 
 at St. Giles’s, as above. 
 
 The Apprehenfions of the People, were like- 
 wife ftrangely encreas’d by the Error of the 
 ‘Times ; in which, I think, the People, from what 
 Principle I cannot imagine, were more adiGed 
 to Prophefies, and Aitrological Conjurations, 
 Dreams, and old Wives Tales, than ever they 
 were before or fince: Whether this un py 
 Temper was originally raifed by the Follies of 
 fome People who got Money by it ; that is to fay, 
 by printing Prediétions, and Prognoftications I 
 know not; but certain it is, Book’s frighted them 
 terribly ; {uch as Lily’s Almanack, Gadbury’s A- 
 logical Predictions; Poor Robin’s Almanack and 
 the like ; alfo feveral pretended religious Books ; 
 one entituled, Come out of ker my People, leaft you 
 be partaker of ber Plagues ; another eall’d, Fair Warn- 
 ing ; another, Britains RKemembrancer, and many 
 fuch; all, or moft Part of which, foretold. dire@-= 
 
 Qn 
 ih 
 
 1u 
 ly or covertly the Ruin of the City ; Nay, fome 
 ; were 
 
26 MEMOIRS Of 
 were fo Enthufiaftically bold, as to run about the 
 Streets, with their Oral Predictions, pretending 
 they were fent to preach to the City ; and One 
 in particular, who, like? Jonah to Nenevah, cry'd 
 by it ets, yet forty Days, and LONDON 
 I will not be pofitive, whether 
 he faid yet forty Days, or yeta few Days. Ano- 
 ther run about Naked, except a pair of Drawets 
 about his Wafte, crying Day and Night ; like a 
 Man that Fofephus mentions, who cry’d, woe to 
 Ferufalem ! a little before the Deftru@ion of that 
 City : So this poor naked Creature cry’d, O! the 
 Great, and the Dreadful God! and {aid no more, 
 but repeated thofe Words continually, with a 
 Voice and Countenance full of horror, a {wift 
 Pace, and no Body con’d ever find him to ftop, 
 or reft, or takeany Suftenance, at leaft, that ever 
 I cou'd hear of. I met this poor Creature feve- 
 ral Timesin the Streets, and would have {poke 
 tohim, but he would not enter into Speech with 
 me, or any oneelfe ; but held on his difmal Cries 
 continually. 
 
 Thefe Things terrified the People to the laf 
 Degree; and efpecially when two ur three Times, 
 as | have mentioned already, they found one or 
 two in the Bills, dead of the Plague at St. Giles. 
 
 Next co thefe publick Things, were the Dreams 
 ofold Women: Or, I fhould fay, the Interpre- 
 tation of old Women upon other Peoples Dreams ; 
 and thefe put abundance of People even out of 
 their Wits: Some heard Voices warning .them to 
 be gone, for that there would be fuch a Plague 
 in London, fo that the Living would not be able 
 to bury the Dead: Others faw Apparitions in 
 the Air; and I muft be aliow’d to fay of both, ! 
 hope with out breach of Charity, that they beard 
 Voices that never {pake, and faw Sichts that ne- 
 ver appeard; but the Imagination of the People 
 
 was 
 
 ( 
 
Y 
 
 ——— 
 
 the PLAGUE, 27 
 
 was really turn’d wayward and pofle(s’d: And no 
 Wonder, if they, who were poreing continually 
 at the Clouds, faw Shapes and F gures, Repre- 
 fentations and Appearances s, which had nothing 
 in them, but Air and Vapour. Here they told 
 us, they faw a Flaming- Sw ord held in a a Hand, 
 coming out of a Cloud, with a Point harig ing 
 direGily over the City. There they faw Herfes, 
 and Coffins in the Air, carrying to be buried, 
 And there again, Heaps of dead Bodies lying g un- 
 buried, and the like; juft-as the Imagination of 
 the poor terrify’d People furnith’d them with Mat- 
 ter to work upon 
 
 ; Bee & 
 So Hypocondriac Fancy’s reprefer 
 
 Ships, Armies, Battles, in > Firmameént ; 
 Till fleady Eyes, the Exhala tions folve, 
 
 And all to its firft Matter, Cloud, refolve. 
 
 I could fill this Accon int with the ftrange Rela 
 tions, fach People gave every Day, of what shes 
 had fen ; ; and every one was fo pofitive of their 
 having feen, what they pretended to fee, that 
 there was no contradi@ ting them, without Breact h 
 of Friendfhi ip, or being accounted rude and un- 
 mannerly on the one Hand, and ¢ >rophan € and im- 
 penetrable on the other. oe e tim 
 tae was begun, (otherwife 
 in St. Giles’s,) I think it was it 
 Crowd of People in the St on t, I join’d with them 
 to fatisfy my Curiofity, and found ther a all {taring 
 up into the Air, to fee what a Woman told them 
 appeared plain to her, which was an Angel cloth’d 
 in white, with a fie ry Sword in his Hat id, waving 
 it, or brandithing it over his Head. She deferib- 
 ed every Part of the Fisure to the Li ife ; fhew'd 
 them the Motion, and the Form; and the poot 
 People came into it fo eagerly, and with fo mach 
 
 -_— Rea- 
 
 efore the 
 2s I Sages) faid 
 - March, {eei ing a 
 
 ig 
 
 10 
 3 
 } 
 a 
 
28 MEMOIRS of 
 
 Readinefs; YES, Jee it all plainly, fays one} 
 There’s the Sword as plain as can be. Another faw 
 the Angel. One faw his very Face, and cryd 
 out, What a glorious Creature he was! One faw 
 one thing, and one another. I lJook’d as earneftly 
 as the ret, but, perhaps, not with fo much Wil- 
 lingnefs to be impos’d upon; and I {aid indeed, 
 that J could fee nothing, but a white Cloud, bright 
 onone Side, by the fhining of the Sun upon the 
 other Part. The Woman endeavour’d to thew it 
 ne, but could not make me confeis, that I faw it, 
 which, indeed, if lhad, I muft have lied: But 
 the Woman turning upon me, look’d in my Face, 
 aud fancied I laugh’d; in which her Imagination 
 deceiv'd her too ; for I really did not laugh, but 
 was very ferioufly reflecting how the poor People 
 were terrify’d, by the Force of their own Imagina- 
 tion. However, fhe turned from me, call’d me 
 prophane Fellow, and a Scoffer ; told me, thatit 
 was a time of God’s Anger, and dreadful Judg- 
 ments were approaching ; and that Defpifers, fuch 
 asI, thould wonder and perifh. 
 
 The People about her feem’d difgufted as well 
 as fhe; and I found there was no perfwading 
 them, that I did not laugh at them; and that I 
 fhould be rather mobb’d by them, than be able 
 to undeceive them. So I left them ; and this Ap- 
 pearance pals'd for as real, as rhe Blazing Star 
 it felf. 
 
 Another Encounter J had in the open Day alfo: 
 And this was in going thro’ a narrow Paflage 
 from Petty: France into Bi/h ofzate Church Yard, bya 
 Row of Alms-Houfes ; there are twoChurch Yards 
 to Bifbopfgate Church, ot Parith 3; One we go over 
 to pafs from the Place cali’d Petty- France into Bi- 
 
 honlaateStree ymincanr : . 
 fooplgateStreet, coming out juft by theChurch Door, 
 the other ison the fide of the narrow Paflage, 
 where the Aims-Houfes are on the ieft ; anda 
 
 Dwarf: 
 
’ 
 
 —— 
 the PLAGUE. 29 
 
 Dwarf-wall with a Palifadoe on it, on the right 
 Hand ; ad the City Wall on the other Side, more 
 to the right. 
 
 In this narrow Paflage ftands a Man looking 
 thro’ between the Palifadoe’s into the Burying 
 Place ; and as many People as the Narrownefs of 
 the Paflage would admit to ftop, without hindting 
 the Paflage of others; and he was talking mighty 
 eagerly to them, and pointing now to one Place, 
 then to another, and affirming; that he faw a 
 Ghoft walking upon fuch a Grave Stone there; 
 he defcrib'd the Shape, the Pofture, and the Move- 
 ment of it fo iabOritte hat it was t the oe t Mat- 
 ter of Amazementto him in the World, that every 
 Body did not fee it as well as he. ‘On a fudden 
 he wouldery, There it is: Now it comes this Way: 
 Then, ’Zis turn’d back ; tillat length he perfuaded 
 the People into fo firm a Belief of it, that one fan- 
 cied he faw it, and another fancied he faw it; 
 
 and thus he came every Day making a ftrange 
 Hubbub, Aries it was in fo narrow a Paf- 
 fage, till Bibop/gate \Clock ftruck eleven ; and then 
 
 the Ghoft- would feem to ftart; and as if he were 
 call’d away, difappear’d ona fudden. 
 
 I look'd earneftly. every way, and at the very 
 Moment, that this Man — but could nor 
 {ee the leaft Appearance of any thing; but fo po- 
 fitive was this poor man, that he gave the People 
 the Vapours in abundance, and fent them a= 
 way trembling, and frighted; till at length, few 
 People, that knew of it, Cat ‘d to go thro’ that 
 Paflage ; and hard! ly any Body by Night, on any 
 Account whatever 
 
 This Ghoft, as the poor Man afiirm’d, made 
 Signsto the Honfes, and to the Ground, and to 
 the People, plainly mating, or elfe they fo un- 
 cohaneis it, that Abundance of the Peo oe 
 
 thould come to be buried in that Chai irch- Yard 
 
 as 
 
30 MerewmoiRs of 
 
 as indeed happen’d: But thar he faw fuch Aft 
 peGts, I mutt acknowledg, I never believ'd ; nop 
 of it my felf, tho’ I look’d 
 if poffible. 
 
 could I fee any thi 
 mott earneltly to {ee 1 
 
 Thefe things ferve to thew, how far the People 
 were really O1 ercome with Del ufions 3; and ag 
 they had a Notion of the Approach of a Vifita- 
 tion, all their Predi@ions run upon a moft dread- 
 ful Plague, which fhould wg the whole City, and 
 even the Kingdom wafte ; and fhould deftroy al- 
 moft all the Nation, b th "M an and Beaft. 
 
 To this, as I faid before, the Aftrologers added 
 Stories of the ConjunGions of Planets in a malig- 
 nant Manner, and with a mifchievous Influence; 
 one of which Conj un@ions was to happen, and 
 did happen, in Oflober: ; and the other in Novem- 
 ber; and ha filled the opm Heads with Pre- 
 ditions on thefe Signs of the asrg o intimat= 
 ing, that thofe Conjuntions fortold Drought, Fa- 
 mine, and DeRilences in the two firft of them how- 
 ever, they were entirely miflaken, For we had no 
 droughty Seafon, but in the beginning of the Year, 
 ahard Froft, which lafted from December almott 
 to March ; and after that moderate W eather, rather 
 warm than hot, with refrefhing Winds, and in 
 fhort, very feafonab! e Weather; and alfo feveral 
 very great Rains. 
 
 Some Endeavors were ufed to eae the 
 Printing of fuch Books as territy'd the People; 
 and to -feiphren the difperfers of them, fome of 
 whom were taken up, but nothing was done in 
 it, asil am inform’d ; The Government being un- 
 willing to eon rd the People, who were, asi 
 may fay, a all out of their Wits already. 
 
 Neither can I acquit thofe Minifters, that 
 in their Sermons, rather funk, than lifted up the 
 Hearts of their Heare ts; many of them no doubt 
 did it for the ftrength ining the Refolution of the 
 
 People; 
 
 fr 
 
 } 
 
i) 
 
 — 
 th PLAGUE 31 
 
 People; and efpecially for quickning them to Re- 
 pespance ; but ic certainly an{wer’d not their End, 
 
 tleaft not in Proportion to the injury it did ano- 
 ther Way ; and indeed, as God himfelf thro’ the 
 whole Seripturess rather draws to him by Invitati- 
 ons, and calis to turn to him and live, than drives 
 us by Terror and Amazement; SoI mutt confefs, 
 I thought the Minifters fhould have done alfo, 
 imitating our blefled Lord and Matter in this, that 
 his whole Gofpel, is full of Declarat ‘ions from 
 Heaven of Gods Mercy, and his readi 
 ceive Penitents, and forgive them ; cor 
 ye will not come unto me, that ye may har 
 and that therefore e, his Gofpel i is called the Gol) {pel 
 of Peace; and the Gofpel of Grace. 
 
 But we had fome good Men, and that of all 
 Perfuafions and Opinions, whofe Difcourfes were 
 full of Torror ; who {poke nothing but difmal 
 Things ; and as they brought the People together 
 with a kind of Horror, fent them away in Tears, 
 Prope’ying nothing bic evil Tidings ; terrifying 
 
 e People with the Ap »prehenfions of beir ng utter- 
 ™ deftroy ‘d, not guiding them, at leaft not enoug ch, 
 toCry toH eaven. for Mercy. 
 
 It was indeed, a Time of very unhappy Breaches 
 among us in matters of Religion: Innumerable 
 Seé&ts, and Divifions, and ate Opi inions pre- 
 vail'd among the People; the Church of England 
 
 % 
 “hy 5! 
 7 
 “ 
 
 was reltor’d indeed with the Reftoration of the 
 Monarchy, about four Year before; but the Mi- 
 nilters and Preachers of the Presbyterians, and 
 
 Independants, and of of Pro- 
 Societies, 
 hofe had 
 
 feffions, had begun to 
 and eredt Alrar againft 
 their Meetings for Worf 
 but not fo many then 
 thorowly form’d 1 
 
 thofe Congregations which were thus gather’ 
 
 -™, 
 
ha 
 
 52 MremMoOtIRsS Of 
 
 -e, the Government did not allow, but endea- 
 vour'd to fupprefs them, and thot up theit Meet- 
 
 t the Vifitation reconcil’d them again, at 
 ora Time, and many of the beft and mof 
 Minilters and Preachers of the Diflen- 
 ters, were fuffer’d to go into the Churches, where 
 the Incumbents were fled away, as many were, not 
 being able ro fand it; and the People flockt with= 
 out Diftin@ion to hear them preach, not much in- 
 quiring who or what Opinion they were of: But 
 after the Sicknefs wasover, that Spirit of Charity 
 abated, and every Church being again fapply’d 
 with their own Minifters, or others prefented; 
 where the Minifter was dead, Things return’d to 
 their old Channel again. 
 
 OneMifchief always introduces another: Thefe 
 Terrors and Apprelienfions of the People, led 
 them into a Thoufand weak, foolith, and wicked 
 Things, which, they wanted not a Sort of People 
 really wicked, to encourage them to; and this 
 was running about to Fortune-tellers,Cunning- men, 
 and Alttologers, to know. their Fortune, or,as 
 tis vulgarly exprefs’d, to have their Fortunes told 
 them, their Nativities calculated, and the like; 
 and this Folly, prefently made the Town {warm 
 with a wicked Generation of Pretenders to Ma- 
 gick, to the Black Art, as they call’d it, and I know 
 not what ; Nay, to a Thoufand worfe Dealings 
 with the Devil,than they were really guilty of ; and 
 this Trade grew fo open, and fo generally praai- 
 fed, that it became common to have Signs and 
 Infcriptions fet up at Doors; here lives a For 
 tune-teller ; here lives an Aftrologer ; here you 
 may have your Nativity calculated, and the likes 
 and Fryar Bacons’s Brazen-Head, which was the 
 ufual Sign of thefe Peoples Dwellings, was to be 
 
 {een 
 
 , 
 
 i 
 
’ 
 
 = 
 the PLAGUE. 33 
 feen almoft in every Street, or elfe the Sign of Mo- 
 her Shipton, or of Merlin’s Head, and the like. 
 With what blind, abfurd, and ridiculous Stuf, 
 thefe Oracles of the Devil pleas’d and fatisfy’d 
 the People, I really know not; but certain it 1S, 
 that innumerable Attendants crouded about their 
 Doors every Day ; and if but a grave Fellow in 
 a Velvet Jacket, a Band; and a black Cloak, which 
 was the Habit thofe Quack Conjurers generally 
 went in, was but. feen inthe Streets, the People 
 would follow them, in Crowds and ask them Que- 
 {tions; as they went along. 
 
 I need not mention; what a horrid DeluGon 
 this was; or what it tended to; but there was 
 ho Remedy for ic; till the Plague it felf put an 
 End to it all ; and I fuppofe, clear’d the Town of 
 mott of thofe Calculators themfelves. One Mif- 
 chief was, that if the poor People ask’d thefe mock 
 Aftrologets, whether there would bea Plague, or 
 no? they all agreed inthe general to an{wer, Yes, 
 for that kept up their Trade; and had the People 
 not been kept ina Fright about thar, the Wizards 
 would prefently have been rendred ufelefs, and their 
 Craft had been at an end: But they always talked 
 to them of fuch and fuch Influences of the Stars, 
 of the Conjunétions of fuch and fuch Planets; 
 which muft neceflarily bring Sicknefs and Diftem- 
 pers, and confequently the Plague : And fome had 
 the Affurance to tell them, the Plague was begun 
 already, which was too true, tho’ they that faid fo, 
 knew nothing ot the Matter. 
 
 The Minifters, to do them Juftice, and Preachers 
 of moft Sorts, that were ferious and underftanding 
 Perfons, thundred againit thefe, and other wicked 
 Praéifes, and expofed the Folly as well as the Wick- 
 ednefs of titem together ; And the moft fober and 
 judicious People defpis’d and abbor’d them: But 
 it was impoffible to make any Impreffion upon the 
 D midling 
 
 CF imtm 
 
n 
 
 34 
 
 >MOIRS of 
 
 midi: ing Peoy ople, and thew orking Jabouring Poot 4 
 their Fears were prec dominan it over all thei r Paf- 
 fions; and they threw away their Money in a moft 
 diftraQed Manner upon t hofe Whymtfies. “Maid-Ser- 
 
 pr 
 ol 
 ed 
 
 c 
 
 vants efpecially and Men: Servants, were the chief 
 of their Cultomers 5 an andl their Queftion generally 
 was, after the firlt demand of, ill there be a Plague’ 
 
 [ fay, the next Que venier: was, OA, Six | For the Lord’s 
 Sake, what wall b: of me £ Wy all my Mifirefs keep me, 
 or well fhe turn me off £ Will he fiay bere, or will fhe go 
 into the Country ? And if {be goes into the Country, wil 
 fhe take me with her, or deave me here to be ftarv'd ana 
 wadone. And the like of Men-Servants. 
 
 The Truth is, the Cafe of poor Servants was 
 very Gifmal, as Ifhall have occafion to mention a- 
 gain by and t by ;- for it was apparent, a prodigious 
 Nom yer of them would be turn’d away, and it was 
 fo; and of them abundance perithed ; and particu 
 
 of thofe that thefe falfe Prophets had flatrered 
 with Hopes, that they fhould be continued in their 
 Services, and carried with hea Matters and Mr 
 ftrefles into the Country; and had not publick 
 Charity provided for thefe poor Creatures, whole 
 Nuinber was exceeding gre aty and in all Cafes of 
 this Nature muft be fo, they would have been in 
 the worft Condition of any People in the Cit ty. 
 
 Thefe ‘Things agitaced the minds of the com- 
 moi People for many Months, while the firft Ap- 
 Aes were upon them ; and while the Piague, 
 
 was not, as I may fay, yet broken out : But I mutt 
 ats not forget, that the more ferious Parr of the 
 Inhabitants bebav’d after another Manner: The 
 Government et ieouraged their Devotion, and ap- 
 pointed publick Prayers, and Days of fafting and 
 Humiliation, to make publick Confeffion of Sin; 
 and implore the Mercy of God, to avert the dread- 
 ful Jndgment, which hung over their Heads; a nd 
 it is not to he exprefs'd with what Alacrity the 
 
 People 
 
 _~ 
 ca 
 
= 
 
 the PLAGUE 
 
 People of all perfuafions enbraced the Occafion $ 
 tow they flock’d to the Churches and Meetings, 
 and they were all fothrong’d, that there was often 
 no coming near, no, not to the very Doors of the 
 largeft Churches ; Alfo there were daily Prayers ap- 
 pointed Morning and Evening at fever Churches; 
 and Days of private praying at other Places; at 
 all which the People attended, I fay, with an ons 
 common Devotion : Several Private Families alfo, 
 as well of one Opinion as of another, kept Fa- 
 mily Fafts, to which they admirted their near Re- 
 lations only : So that in a Word, thofe People, who 
 were really ferious and religious, apply’d them- 
 felves in a truly Chriftian Manner, to the Proper 
 Work of Repentance and Humiliation, asa Chri- 
 {tian People ought to do. 
 
 Again the publick fhew’d, that they would 
 bear their Shate in thefe Things ; the very Court; 
 which was then Gay and Luxurious, put on a 
 Face of juft Concern, for the Publick Danger : 
 Allthe Plays and Interludes, which after the Man- 
 net of the French Court, had been fet up, and be- 
 fan to encreafe among us, were forbid to AG ; 
 the gaming Tables, publick dancing Rooms, and 
 Mufic Houfes which multiply’d, and beganto de- 
 bauch the Manners of the People, were fhut up 
 and fupprefs’d ; and the Jack-puddings, Merry- 
 andrews, Puppet-fhows, Rope-dancers, and “fuch 
 like doings, which had bewitch’d the poor common 
 People, fhut up their Shops, finding indeed no 
 Trade; for the Minds of the People, were agitated 
 With other Things 5 and a kind of Sadnefs and 
 Horror at thefe Things, fat upon the Countenances, 
 even of the common People; Death “was before 
 their Eyes, and every Body began to think of their 
 Graves, not of Mirth and Diverfions. 
 
 But even thofe wholefome RefleGions, whieh 
 rightly manag’d, would have moft bappily led the 
 
 D= Peo» 
 
 5 
 
 Wo 
 
i 
 36 MEMOIRS OF 
 People to fall upon their Knees, make Confeflion of 
 their Sins, and Jook up to theit merciful Saviour 
 for Pardon, imploreing his Compaflion on them, 
 in fach a Time of their Diftrefs ; by which, we 
 might have been as a fecond Nizeveb, had a quite 
 contrary Extremein the common People ;. who ig- 
 norant and ftupid in their RefleGions, as they were 
 brutifhly wicked and thoughtlels before, were 
 now led by their Fright to extremes of Folly ; and 
 as I have faid before, that they ran to Conjurers 
 and Witches, and all Sorts of Decievers, to know 
 what fhould become of them ; who fed their Fears, 
 and kept them always alarm’d, and awake, on 
 purpofe to delude them, and pick their Pockets: 
 So, they were as mad, upon their running after 
 Quacks, and Mountebanks, and every pra@ifing 
 old Woman, for Medicines and Remedies; ftore- 
 ing themfelves with fuch Multitudes of Pills, Po- 
 tions, and Prefervatives, as they were call’d ; that 
 they not only {pent their Money, but even poifon'd 
 themfelves before-hand, for fear of the Poifon of 
 the InfeGtion, and prepar’d their Bodies for the 
 Plague, inftead of preferving them againft ir. On 
 the other Hand, it is incredible, and fearce to be 
 imagin d, how the Pofts of Houfes, and Corners 
 of Streets were plafter’d over with Doéors Bills, 
 and Papers of ignorant Fellows; quacking and 
 tampering in Phyfick, and inviting the People to 
 come to them for Remedies; which was generally 
 fet off, with fuch flourifhes as thefe, (viz.) 1N- 
 F ALLI B L E preventive Pills againft the Plague: 
 NEV ER-FAILING Prefervatives againf the 
 Infection. SOVERAIGN Cordials againf 
 the Corruption of the Air. EXACT Regu- 
 Jations for the Condu@ of the Body, in Cale of 
 an Infeétion: Antipeftilential Pills. INCO MP A- 
 RABLE Drink againft the Plague, never found 
 out 
 
’ 
 
 —— 
 
 the PLAGUE. 37 
 outbefore. An UNIVERSAL Remedy for 
 3 he ONL Y- ‘f RUE Pl ague: Wae- 
 R O YAL-ANTIDOTE againtt 
 ‘Infe&tion ; and {uch a Number more 
 that Vea inot reckon up ; and tt I could, would 
 
 fill a Book of themfelves to fet them down. 
 
 Others fet up Bills, to fummons People to their 
 Lodgings for Dire&ions and Advice in the Cafe of 
 Infe@iion : Thefe had 4pacious Titles aifo, fuch as 
 thete 
 
 An eminent High-Datch Phyfician, newly come over 
 from Hoiland, where he refided during all the Time 
 oj the great Plague, laft Tear; ia Amiterdam; and 
 cured multitudes of People, that a&tually had the 
 Plague upon them. 
 
 An \talian Gentlewoman juft arrived from Naples, 
 having a choice Secret to prevent Injettion, which 
 fhe found out by her great Experience, and did won- 
 derful Cures with it in the late Plague there ; 
 
 wherein there died 20000 in one Day. 
 
 An antient Gentlewoman having prattifed, with great 
 Succes, in the late Plague in this City, Anno 1636, 
 gives her advice only to the Female Sex. To be 
 [poke with, 8c. 
 
 An experienc’d Phyfician, who has long Rudied. the 
 the Dottrine of Antidotes againft all “Sorts of Poi- 
 jon and Infettion, has after 40 Years Prattife, ar- 
 ‘vived to fuch Skill, as may, with Goa’s Bleffinz, 
 direét Perfon 5 how to prevent abide being touch'd 
 by any Contagious Diftemper whatfoever. He dé- 
 reeds the Pov grat is. 
 
 I take notice of thefe by way of Specimen: J 
 could give you two or three Dozen of the like, and 
 yet have abundance left behind. ’Tis fufficient 
 from thefe to apprife any one, of the Humour of 
 
 D 3 thofe 
 
y, 
 
 —" 
 
 38 Memoirs of 
 
 thofe Times ; and how a Set of Thieves.and Pick- 
 
 pockets, not only robb’d and cheated the poor Peo: 
 
 ple of their Money, but poifoned their Bodies 
 with odious and fatal preparations; fome with 
 
 Mercury, and fome with other things as bad, per- 
 
 feGly remote from the Thing pretended to; and 
 
 rather hurtful than fervicable to the Body in cafe 
 an Infection followed. 
 
 I cannot omit a Subtilty of one of thofe Quack- 
 operators, with which he gull’d the poor People 
 to croud about him, bur did nothing for them with- 
 out Money. He had ir feems, added to his Bills, 
 which he gave about the Streets, this Advert:fe- 
 ment in Capiral Letters, (viz.) He gives Advice to 
 she Poor for nothing. 
 
 Abundance ot poor People came to him according- 
 ly, to whom he made a great many fine Speeches ; 
 examin d them of the State of their Health, and 
 of the Conftitution of their Bodies, and told them 
 many good things for them to do, which were ot no 
 great Moment: But the Ifltue and Conclufion of all 
 was, that he had a preparation, which if they 
 took fuch a Quantity of, every Morning, he would 
 pawn his Life, they fhould never have the Plague, 
 no, tho’ they lived in the Houfe with People that 
 were inteGted: This made the People all refolve 
 to have it ; But then the Price of that was fo much, 
 I think ‘twas half-a-Crown: But, Sir, fays one poor 
 Woman, I am a poor Alms-Woman, and am kept by 
 the Parifh, and your Bills fay, you give the Poor 
 your help for nothing. Ay, good Woman, fays 
 the Dodter, fo Ido, as I publifh’d there, I give 
 my Advice to the Poor for nothing ; but not my 
 Phyfick, Alas, Sir! fays the, that is a Snare laid 
 for the Poor then; tor you give them your Ad- 
 you advife them 
 heir Money ; fo 
 does 
 
 vice for nothing, that is to fay, 
 gratis, ta buy your Phyfick for ¢ 
 
’ 
 
 —— 
 the PLAGUE, 
 
 does every Shop-keeper with his Wares. Here the 
 Voman began to give him il] Words, and flood at 
 is Door all that Day, telling her Tale to all the 
 Peopl e that came, till the Doctor finding fhe turn’d 
 away his Cuftomers; was oblig’d to call her up 
 Stairs again, and give her hs Box of Phyfick for 
 nothing, which, perhap S too was good for nothing 
 when fhe had it. 
 
 But to return to the Pe opie, whofe Confufions 
 fitted them to be impos’d upon by all Sorts of 
 Pretenders, and by every Mountebank. There is 
 no doubt, but thefe quacking Sort of Fellows rais’d 
 great gains out of the miferable People; for we 
 daily found, the Crouds that ran after them were in- 
 finitely greater, and their Doors were more throng- 
 ed than thofe of Dr. Brook: > Dr. Upton, Dr. Hodges, 
 Dr. Berwick, or any, tho’ the moft famous Men of 
 the Time: And I was told, that fome of them got 
 five Pound a Day by their Phyfick. 
 
 But there was ftill another Madnefs beyond all 
 this, which may fetve to give an Idea of the di- 
 {trated humour of the poor People at that Time; 
 and this was their following a worfe Sort of 
 Deceivers than any of thefe; for “hk 1efe petty Thieves 
 only deluded them to pick their Pockets, and get 
 their Money; in which their Wickednefs, hcl 
 ver it was, lay chiefly on the Side of the Decei- 
 vers deceiving, not upon the Deceived: But in 
 this Part 1am going co mention, it lay chiefly in 
 the People de eit ‘d, or equa Hy in both ; and this 
 was in wearing > Ch arms, Philrers, Exorcifms, A- 
 mulets, and ] know not what Preparations, to for- 
 tify the Body with them againit the Plague; as if 
 the Plague was not the Hand of God, buta kind 
 ~ a Pofleffion of an evil Spirit ; and that it was to 
 be kept off with Croffings, Signs of the Zodiac, 
 Papers tied up with fo many Knots; and certain 
 Words, or Figures written on them, as particular- 
 
 D 4 ly 
 
 —= 
 
 eS) 
 
40 MEMOIRS OQ 
 
 ly the Word Abracadabra, form’d in Triangle, of 
 Pyramid, thus 
 
 ABRACADABRA - 
 ABRACADABR Others had the Jefuits 
 ABRACADAB Mark in a Crofs. 
 ABRACADA . 
 ABRACAD [I H 
 ABRACA S 
 ABRAC 
 ABRA Others nothing but this 
 ABR Mark thus. 
 AB PSL 
 A q 
 
 [might {pend a great deal of Time in my Ex- 
 clamations again{t the Follies, and indeed Wick- 
 edne(s of thofe things, in a Time of fuch Danger, 
 in a matter of fuch Confequences as this, of a 
 National Infef&tion, Butmy Memorandums of thefe 
 things relate rather to take notice only of the FaQ, 
 and mention that it was fo: How the poor People 
 found the Infufficiency of thofe things, and how 
 many of them were afterwards carried away in 
 the Dead-Carts, and thrown into the common 
 Graves of every Parifh, with thefe hellith Charms 
 and Trumpery hanging about their Necks, re 
 mains to be {poken of as we go along. 
 
 All this was the Effe& of the Hurry the People 
 were in, after the firlt Notion of the Plague be- 
 ing at hand was among them: And which may 
 be faid to be from about Michaelmas 1664, but 
 more particularly after the two Men died in St 
 Giles's, in the Beginning of December. And ae 
 gain, after another Alarm in February ; for when 
 the Plague evidently {pread it felf, they foon be- 
 gan to fee the Folly of trufting to thofe unper- 
 forming Creatures, who had Gull’d them of theit 
 Moneys 
 
= 
 the PLAGUE. At 
 
 Money, and then their Fears work’d another 
 way, namely, to Amazement and Stupidity, not 
 knowing what Courfe to take, or what to do, 
 either to help or relieve themfelves ; but they ran 
 about from one Neighbours Honfe to another; 
 and even inthe Streets, from one Door to another 
 with repeated Cries, of, Lord have Mercy upon us, 
 what {ball we do? 
 
 Indeed, the poor People were to be pity’d in one 
 particular Thing, in which they had little or no 
 Relief, and which I Defire to mention with a feri- 
 ous Awe and Refle@ion ; which perhaps, every 
 one that reads this, may not relifh: Namely, that 
 whereas Death now began not, as we may fay, to 
 hover over every ones Head only, but to look. in- 
 to their Houfes, and Chambers, and ftare in their 
 Faces: Tho’ there might be fome ftupidity, and 
 dullnefs of the Mind, and there was fo, a great 
 deal; yet, there was a great deal of juft Alarm, 
 founded into the very inmoft Sou!, if I may fo fay 
 of others : Many Confciences were awakened: 
 many hard Hearts mejted into Tears; many a peni- 
 tent Conteflion was made of Crimes long concealed : 
 would wound the Souls of any Chriftian, to have 
 heard the dying Groans of many a de{pairing Crea- 
 ture, andnone durft come near to comfort them - 
 Manya Robbery, many a Murder, was then con- 
 feft aloud, and no Body furviving to Record the 
 Accounts of it. People might be heard even into the 
 Streets as we pafs‘d along, calling upon God forMer- 
 cy, thro Jefus Chrift, aud faying, I have beena Thief, 
 I have been an Adulterer, I have been a Murderer, 
 and the like ; and none durft ftop to make the leaft 
 Inquiry into fuch Things, or to adminifter Com- 
 fort tothe poor Creatures, that in the Angutth both 
 of Soul and Body thus cry’dout. Some of the 
 Minifters did Vifit the Sick at firft, and for a lit- 
 tle while,but it was not to be done; it would 
 
 have 
 — 
 
42 MEMOIRS of 
 
 have been prefent Death, to have gone into fome 
 Houfes: The very buryers of the Dead, who were 
 the hardnedeft Creatures in Town, were fome+ 
 times beaten back, and foterrify’d, that they durft 
 not go into Houles, where the whole Families wete 
 {wept away together, and where the Circumftan: 
 ces were more particularly horrible as fome were}; 
 but this was indeed, at the firft Heat of the Di- 
 {temper. 
 
 ‘Lime enur’d them to it all; and they ventured 
 every where afterwards, without Hefitation, as I 
 Occafion to mention at large hereafter. 
 
 lam fuppofing now, the Plague to be begun, as 
 Ihave faid, and that the Magiftrates begun to 
 take the Condition of the People, into their ferious 
 Confideration ; what they did as.to the Regula: 
 tion of the Inhabitants, and of infe€ted Families. 
 I fhall fpeak to by ic felf; but as tothe Affair 
 of Health, it is proper to mention it here, that 
 having feen. the foollfh Humour of the People, in 
 running after Quacks, and Mountebanks, Wizards, 
 and Fortune-tellers, which they did as above, even 
 to Madnefs. The Lord Mayor, avery fober and 
 religious Gentleman appointed Phyficians and Sur 
 geons for Relief ot the poor; I mean, the difeaf- _ 
 ed poor; and in particular, order’d the College of 
 Phyficians to publifh DireGions for cheap Reme- 
 dies, for the Poor, in all the Circumftances of the 
 Difiemper. This indeed was one of the molt 
 charitable and jadicious Things that could be 
 done at that Time; for this drove the People from 
 haunting the Doors of every Difperfer of Bills; and 
 from taking down blindly, and without Confidera- 
 tion, Poifon for Phyfick, and Death inftead of Life. 
 
 This Direction of the Phyficians was done by 
 a Confultation of the whole College, and as it was 
 particularly calculated for the ufe of the Poor; 
 and for cheap Medicines it was made publick, 
 
 fo 
 
’ 
 
 —— 
 the PLAGUE, 43 
 
 0 fo that every Body might fee it 5 and Copies 
 oy Were given. gratis to all that defired it But as 
 tft it 1s publick, and. to be feen on all Occaiions, I 
 y¢ Need not give the Reader of this, the Trouble 
 Awy of it. 
 
 I fhall not be fippofed to leffen the Authority 
 r or Capacity of the Phyficians, when, I fay, that 
 | the. Violence of the Diftemper, when it came to 
 its Extremity, was like the Fire the next Year ; 
 ett The Fire which confumed what the Plague could 
 
 p 
 \ 
 
 na 
 
 a, Not touch, defy’d all the Application of Remedies, 
 the Fire Engines were broken. the Buckets thrown 
 qu away ; and the Power of Man was baffled , and 
 mu brought to an End ; fo the Plague defied all Med 
 mcince; the very Phyficians were feized with it, 
 g with their Prefervatives in their Mouths; and 
 Men went about prefcribing to others and tel. 
 :{ling rhem what to do, till the Tokens were up- 
 4/00 them, and they dropt down dead, deftroyed 
 y, by that very Enemy, they dire@ted others to op- 
 in pole. This was the Cafe’ of feveral Phyficians, 
 even fome of them the moft eminent; and of 
 feveral of the moft skilful Surseons ; Abundance 
 giof Quacks too died, who had the Folly to truft to 
 their. own Medicines, which they muft needs 
 igbe confcious to themfelves, were good for no- 
 thing ; and who rather ought, like other Sorts 
 of Thieves, to have run away, fenfible of their 
 ,;Guilt, from .the Juftice that they could not 
 y but expe& fhould’ punifh them, as they knew 
 yithey had deferved, 3 
 «|. Not that it is any Derogation from the La- 
 « bour, or Application of the Phyficans, to fay, they 
 fell in the common Calamity; nor is it fo in- 
 tended by me; it rather is to their Praife, that 
 ythey ventured their Lives {o far as even to lofe 
 4 them in the Service of Mankind ; They endeavou- 
 wred todo good, and to fave the Lives of others, But 
 we 
 
 l= 
 
44. MEMOIRS of 
 
 we were not to expect, that the Phyficians could 
 
 ftop God’s Judgments, or prevent a Diftemper 
 
 eminently armed from Heaven, from executing 
 the Errand it was fent about, 
 
 Doubtlefs, the Phyficians aflifted many by their 
 Skill, and by their Prudence and Applications 
 to the faving of their Lives, and reftoring ther 
 Health : But it is no leflening their Character, o 
 their Skill, to fay, they could not cure thofe that 
 had the Tokens upon them, or thofe who were 
 mortatly infected b«fore the Phyficians were fent 
 for, as was frequently the Cafe. ° 
 
 It remains to mention now what publick 
 Meafures were taken by the Magiftrates for the 
 general Safety, and to prevent the {preading 
 of the Diftemper, when it firft broke out; I 
 fhall have frequent Occafion to fpeak of theit 
 Prudence of the Magiftrates, their Charity, the 
 Vigilance for the Poor, and for preferving goal 
 Order ; furnifhing Provifions, and the like, whet 
 the Plague was encreafed, as it afterwards was 
 But I am now upon the Order and Regulations 
 they publifhed for the Government of infeéted 
 Families, 
 
 I mention’d above fhutting of Houfes up ; and 
 it is needful to fay fomething particularly to 
 that ; for this Part of the Hiftory of the Plague 
 is very melancholy ; but the moft grievous Stor) 
 su/t be told. 
 
 About June the Lord Mayor of London, ant 
 the Gonrt of Aldermen, as I have faid, begall 
 more particularly to concern themfelves for the 
 Restilation ofthe City. — 
 
 The Juftices of Peace for Middlefex, by Diretti- 
 on of the Secretary of State, had begun to fhut 
 up Houfes in the Parifhes of St. Giles’s im the Fields, 
 St. Martins, St. Clement Danes, €c. and it was with 
 good Succefs ; for in feveral Streets, where the 
 
 Plague 
 
; 
 
 — 
 ihe PLAGUE. 45 
 
 Plague broke out, upon ftri& guarding the Houfes 
 " that were infected, and taking Care to bury thole 
 that died, immediatly after they were known to 
 be dead, the Plague ceafed in tl hofe Streets. It was 
 alfo obferv’d, the it the ea decreas’d fooner in 
 thole Parifhes, after they had been vifited to the 
 
 i full, than it did in ‘he Parifhes of Bifhopjgate, 
 i’ Shoreditch, Aldgate. W bite-Chappel, Stepney, and c- 
 
 th 
 { 
 
 huh 
 
 thers, the early ( Care taken in at M: nner, being 
 a great means to the putting a Cheque to it. 
 This fhutting up of Henites was a method firft 
 taken, as I unc ASTEAES, in the. Plague, which 
 happened in 1602, at the Coming of Ki ing 
 Fames the Firft. to te aaa and the Power « 
 fhutting ror up in their own Houles, was 
 '! granted by Aét of Parliament, entitled, Ax 4a 
 ; for the charitable Relief and Ord ering of Berfons 2 
 fetted with the Plague. On which Aét of Parlia- 
 ment, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the 
 City of London, founded the Order they made at 
 this Time, and which h took Place the ift of Fuly 
 1665, when the Numbers infected within the Ci ae 
 it ty, were but few, the laft Bill for the 92 Parifhes 
 being but four; and fome Houfes having been 
 fhut up in the City, and fome fick People being 
 removed to the Peft-Houfe beyond Bi bill Fi elds, 
 in the Way to I/lington ; I fay, by thefe Means, 
 when there died near one thoufand a Week in the 
 Whole, the Number in the City was bat 28, 
 and the City wa as preferv ’d. more healthy in Pro- 
 portion, than any other Places all the Time of 
 the Infection. 
 Thefe Orders of my Lord Mayor’s were pub- 
 lifh’d, as I have faid, the latter End of Fune, and 
 took Place ‘aie the firft of Fuly, and were as 
 follows, (viz.) 
 
 O R- 
 
46 ~MeEmorRs 
 
 BBE SB SLE 
 ORDERS Conceived and Publifhed by thy 
 
 Lord Ma yor avid Aldermen of the Gity of 
 
 London, concerning the Infection of the Plague, 
 1665- 
 
 é HEREAS in the Reign of our late 
 ‘ Sovereign King Fames, of happy Me 
 ‘ mory, an Act was made for the chari: 
 ‘ table Relief and ordering of Perfons infected with 
 ‘ the Plague ; whereby Authority was given tofir 
 ‘ {tices of the Peace, Mayors, Bayliffs and other 
 ‘head Officers, to apppint within their feveral 
 ‘ Limits, Examiners, Searchers, Watchmen, Keep 
 ‘ ers, and Buriers for the Perfons and Places in: 
 ¢ fected, and to minifter unto them Oaths for the 
 ¢ Performance of their Offices. And the fame St: 
 ‘tute did alfo authorize the giving of other Di 
 “rections, as unto them for the prefent Neceflity 
 ‘ fhould feem good in their Difcretions. It is now 
 ‘upon fpecial Co.:fideration, thought very er 
 * pedient for preventing and avoiding of Infection 
 ‘of Sicknefs (if it thall fo pleafe Almighty God) 
 * that thefe Officers following be appointed, and 
 *thefe Orders hereafter duly obferved. 
 
 Examiners to be appointed in every Parifh, 
 
 : F’ RST, It is thought requifite, and fo or 
 : dered, that in every Parifh there be one, 
 “two, or more Pérfons of good Sort and Credit, 
 ‘chofen and appointed by the Alderman, his 
 ‘Deputy, and common-Council of every Ward, 
 “by the Name of F Xaminers, to continue in that 
 * Office the Space of two Monrhs at leaft; And 
 *af any fit Perfon{o appointed, fhall refafe to un 
 
 * dertake 
 
; 
 
 — 
 the PLAGUE’ 4.7 
 
 ‘ dertake the fame, the faid parties forefufing, to 
 ‘he committed to Prifon until they fhall con. 
 ‘form themfelves accordingly. - 
 
 The Examiuers Offce. 
 : a ig AT thefe Examiners be fworn by the Al- 
 
 dermen, to enquire and learn from time to 
 ‘ time what Houfes in every Parifh be Vifited, and 
 ‘what Perfons be Sick, and of what Difeafes, as 
 “near as they can inform themfelves; and upon 
 * doubt in that Cafe, to command Reftraint of Ac- 
 ‘ cefs,until it appear what the Difeafe thall prove: 
 * And ifthey find any Perfon fick of the InfeGion, 
 ‘ to give order to the Conftable that the Houfe be 
 ‘fhut up; and if the Conftable fhall be found Re- 
 ‘ mifs or Negligent, to give prefent Notice there- 
 ‘ofto the Alderman of the Ward. 
 
 Watchmen, 
 
 : HAT to every infected Houfe.there be ap- 
 : pointed two Watchmen, one for every Day, 
 and the other for the Night: And that thele 
 * Watchmen have a fpecial care that no Perfon go 
 “in or out of fuch infected Houfes, whereof they 
 “have the Charge, upon pain of fevere Punifh- 
 ‘ment. And the faid Watchman to do fitch fur- 
 “ther Offices as the fick Houfe fhall need and re- 
 ‘quire: and if the Watchmen be fent upon any 
 * Bufinefs, to lock up the Houfe, and take the Key 
 ‘with him: And the Watchman by Day to attend 
 * until ten of the Clock at Night : And the Watch- 
 “man by Night untill fix in the Morning, 
 
 Searchers. 
 4 
 : HAT there be a fpecial care to appoint 
 ; Women-Searchers in every Parifh, fuch as 
 
 are of honeft Reputation, and of the beft fort as 
 * can be got in this kind: And thefe to be fworn to 
 “make 
 
48 MemMOIRS of 
 « make due Search, and true Report to the utmoft of 
 € their Knowledge, whether the Perfons whofe Bo- 
 « dies they are appointed to Search, do die of the In- 
 * fe@ion, or of what other Difeafes, as near as they 
 © can, And that the Phyficians who fhall be appoint 
 ed for Cure and Prevention of the InfeGtion, do call 
 * before them the faid Searcliers, who are, or thall bé 
 appointed for the feveral Parifhes under their tefl- 
 pectiveCares; to the end they may confider, whethet 
 they are fitly qualified for that Employment ; and 
 charge them from time to time as they fhall fee 
 Caufe, if they appear defective in their Duties. 
 © That no Searcher during this time of Vifitation, 
 be permitted to ufe any publick Work or Employ- 
 ment, or keep any Shop or Srall, orbe employed 
 as a Landrefs, or in any other common Employ- 
 ment whatfoever: 
 
 Chirurgeons. 
 
 O R better affiftance of the Searchers, for as 
 much as there hath been heretofore great abule 
 in mifreporting the Difeate, to the further f{pread- 
 ing of the Infection: It is therefore ordered, that 
 there be chofen and appointed able and difcreet 
 * Chirurgeons, befides thofe that do already belong 
 * to the Peft- Houfe : Amongft whom the City and Li- 
 * berties to be quartered as the places lie moft apt 
 “and convenient ; andevery of thefe to have one 
 * Quarter for his Limit : and the faid Chirurgeons in 
 * every of their Limits to join with the Searchers fot 
 * the View of the Body, to the end there may be @ 
 © true Report made of the Difeafe. 
 © And farther, that the faid Chirurgeons fhall vilit 
 * and fearch fuch like Perfons as fhall either fend for 
 : them, or be named and directed unto them, by the 
 Examiners of every Parith, and inform themfelves 
 € of the Difeafe of the {aid Parties. 
 
 © And 
 
, 
 
 — 
 th PLAGUE. 49 
 
 * And forafmuch as the faid Chirurgeons are to be 
 ‘ ; 
 fequeftred from all other Cures, and kept only to 
 * this Difeafe of the Infe@ion ; It is orderd, That 
 ; every of the faid Chirurgeons fhall have Twelve- 
 pence a Body fearched by them, to be paid out of 
 * the Goods of the Party fearched, if hebe able, or 
 * otherwife by the Parith. 
 
 Nurfe-keepers, 
 
 * TF any Nurfe-keeper thall removeher felf out of 
 
 any infe&ted Houle before twenty eight Days af- 
 “ ter the Deceafe of any Perfon dying of the Infe@i- 
 * on, the Houfe to which the faid Nurfe-keeper doth 
 “ fo remove her {elf, thall be fhut up until the {aid 
 “twenty eight Days be expired. 
 
 HAA OMAN AMAA SORA 
 
 ORDERS concerning infe@ed Houfes,. and 
 Perfons fick of the Plague. 
 
 Notice to be given of the Sicknefs. 
 
 $ HE Matter of every Houfe, as foon as any 
 : one in hisHoufecomplaineth,either of Botch, 
 “ or Purple, or Swelling in any part of his Body, or 
 * falleth otherwife dangeroufly Sick, without appa- 
 ‘rent Caufe of fome other Dileafe, shall give know= 
 “ledge thereof to the Examiner of Health, within 
 “two Hours afterthe faid Sign fhall appear. 
 
 Sequeftration of the Sick. 
 
 Sfoon as anyMan thall be found by this Exa- 
 : miner, Chirurgeon or Searcher to be fick of 
 : the Plague, he hall the fame Night be fequeftred 
 
 in the fame Houfe, and in cafe he be fo fequeftred, 
 * then, though he afterwards die not, the Houfe 
 - wherein he fickned, fhould be fhut up for a Month, 
 : * after 
 
 ¢ 
 
50 MEMOIRS of 
 
 © after the ufe of the due Prefervatives taken by the 
 * reft. 
 Aiving the Stuff: 
 
 ¢ $71 O R Sequeftration of the Goods and Stuff of 
 ' } the Infedtion, their Bedding, and Apparel, and 
 © Hangings of Chambers, muft be well aired with 
 ‘ Fire, and fuch Perfumes as are requifite within the 
 < jnfeéted Houle, before they be taken again to ule: 
 ‘ Thisto be done by theAppointment of theExami- 
 * ner. 
 
 Shutting up of the Houfe. 
 
 ¢ WF anyPerfon fhall have vifited any Man,known to 
 ; be infected-of the Plague,or entred willingly in- 
 © to any known infe&ted Houle, being not allowed: 
 © The Houle wherein he inhabiteth, fhall be fhutup 
 * for certain Days by the Examiners Direction- 
 
 None to be removed out of infetted Houfes, but, &t 
 
 TEM, That none be remov’d out of the Houfe 
 where he falleth fick of the InfeGion, into any 
 other Houfe in the City, (except it be to the Peft- 
 * Houfe or a Tent, or unto fome fuch Houfe, which 
 “the Owner of the faid vifited Houfe holdeth in his 
 “own Hands, and occupieth by his own Servants) 
 * and fo as Security. be given to the Parifh, whithet 
 * fuch Remove is made ; that the Attendance and 
 : Charge about the faid vifited Perfons fhall be ob 
 ; ferved and charged in all the Particularities before 
 * exprefied, without anyCoft of thatParith, to which 
 any fuch Remove fhall happen to be made, and this 
 * Remove to be done by Night : And it fhall be law 
 z ful to any Perfon that hath two Houfes, to remove 
 * either his found or his infected People to his fpare 
 * Houte at his choice, fo as if he fend away fitt 
 his Sound, he not after fend thither the Sick, n0 
 * again unto the Sick the Sound. And that ae 
 whic 
 
 + 
 € 
 « 
 
") 
 
 ) 
 
 y 
 
 \ 
 
 ’ 
 
 = 
 
 the: PIvéA GUE SI 
 
 “which he fendeth, be for one Week at the leaf 
 *fhut up, and fecluded from Company, for fear of 
 “fome Infe@tion, at the firft not appearing. 
 
 Burial of the Dead. 
 : i 2 FA T the Burial of the Dead by this Vifira- 
 
 tion, be at moft convenient Hours, always ei- 
 ’ ther before Sun-rifing, or after Sun-fetting, with 
 * the Privity of the:Church-wardens or Conftable, 
 ‘and not otherwife ; and that no Neighbours nor 
 * Friends be fuffered to accompany the Corps to 
 " Church, or to enter the Houfe vilited, upon pain 
 ‘of having his Houfe thut up, or be imprifoned, 
 
 “ And that no Corps dying of InfeGion thall be bu- 
 “tied, or remain in any Church in time of Com- 
 -Mon-Prayer, Sermon, or Le@ure. And that no 
 " Children be fuffered at time of burial of any Corps 
 * in any Church, Church-yard, or Burying-place to 
 “come near the Corps, Coffin, or Grave. And that 
 ‘all the Graves thall be at leaft fix Foot deep. 
 
 * And further, all Publick Affemblies at other Bu- 
 “tials are to be forborn during the Continuance of 
 
 this Vifitation. 
 
 No infetled Stuffto be uttered. 
 _ | ‘HAT no Clothes, Stuff, Bedding or Garments 
 
 ‘ be fufferedto be carried or conveyed out of 
 “ any infeed Houfes, and that the Criers and Carri- 
 “ers abroad of Bedding or old Apparel to be fold or 
 " Pawned, be utterly prohibited and reftrained, and 
 “0 Brokers of Bedding or old Apparel be permitted 
 to makeany outward Shew, or hang forth on theit 
 _ Stalls,Shopboards or Windows towards any Street, 
 _ Lane, Common-way or Paflage, any old Bedding 
 _ oF Apparel to be fold, upon pain of Im prifonment. 
 “And if any Broker or other Perfon fhall buy any 
 ; 3edding, Apparel, or other Stuffout of any infea- 
 
 "ed Houle, within two Months after the Infe@ion 
 
 * hath 
 
52, MEMOIRS of 
 
 * hath been there, his Houfe hall be fhut up as Ins 
 € feGed, and fo ihall continue {hut up twenty Days 
 * at the leatt. 
 No Perfon to be conveyed out of airy infetted Houle. 
 F anyPerfon vifited do fortune by negligent look- 
 ing unto, or by any other Means, to come, or 
 ‘be conveyed froma Place infected, ro any othet 
 © Place 5 theParifh from whence fuchParty hath come 
 ‘ or been conveyed, upon notice thereot given, thall 
 “at their Charge caufe the faid Party fo vifited and 
 ‘ efcaped, to be carried and brought back again by 
 ‘ Night, and the Parties in this cafe offending, to be 
 € punithed at the Direétion of the Alderman of the 
 ‘ Ward ; and the Houfe of the Receiver. of fuch vifi- 
 © ted Perfon, to be fhut up for twenty Days. 
 
 Every vifited Houfe to be marked. 
 
 : HAT every Houfe vifited, be marked witha 
 
 red Crofs ofa Foot long, in the middle of the 
 “Door, evident to be feen, and with thefe ufual 
 * printed Words, that is to fay, Lord have Mercy upm 
 © us, tobe fet clofe overthe fame Crofs, there t0 
 © continue until lawful opening of the fame Houle. 
 
 Every vifited Houfe to be watched. 
 
 aes the Conftabies fee every Houfe fhut up, 
 Hand to be attended with Watchmen, which 
 may keep them in, and minifter Neceflari¢s unto 
 them at their own Charges (if they be able,)orat 
 the common Charge, it they be unable: The fhut 
 ting up to be for the {pace of four Weeks aftet 
 all be whole. 
 A é That precifeOrder be taken that the Searchers, 
 ; Chirurgeons, Keepers and Buriers are not to pals 
 4 the ares without holding a red Rod or Wand of 
 (three Foot in Length in their Hands, open and evr 
 * dent to be feen, and are not to go into any othet 
 © Houle 
 
 ‘ 
 
 ¢ 
 
 6 
 € 
 ¢ 
 € 
 € 
 ¢ 
 ¢ 
 
’ 
 
 — 
 the PLAGUE. 53 
 
 * Honfe then into their own, or into that whereunto 
 
 * they are directed or fent for; but to forbear and ab- 
 
 ‘ftain from Company, efpecially when they have 
 
 * been lately ufedin any fuch Bufinefs or Attendance. 
 lamates. 
 
 HAT where feverai Inmates aré in one and 
 the fame Houfe,and any Perfon in that Houfe 
 * happens to be Infe&ed; no other Perfon of Fa- 
 “mily of fuch Houfe fhall be fuffered to remove 
 “him or themfelves without a Certificate from the 
 * Examiners of Health of that Parifh ; or in default 
 “ thereof, the Houfe whither he orthey fo remove, 
 * fhall be fhut up as in cafe of Vifitation. 
 Hackney-Coaches. 
 
 “PP HAT care be taken of Hackney-Coach-men, 
 : that they may not(as fome of them have been 
 “ obferved todo) after carrying of infe&ted Perfons to 
 * the Peft-Houfe, and other Places, be admitted to 
 * common ule, till their Coaches be well aired, and 
 * have ftood unemploy’d by the Space of five or fix 
 € Days after fuch Service. 
 
 - x. 
 LOLOLOLOLOTODOLOLOLOLOLTOLOLOLOTOTOLOTOTOTOLO TOTS 
 la i i i ie i i i Se eee + 
 
 OxpeRs for cleanfing and keeping of the 
 Streets Sweet. 
 
 The Streets to be kept clean. 
 
 * FURST, it is thought necefflary, and fo order 
 . ed, that every Houfholder do caufe the Street 
 “to be daily prepared before his Door, and fo to 
 * keep it clean {wept all the Week long. 
 
 That Rakers take it from out the Houfes. 
 : Spree the Sweeping and Filth of Honfes be 
 ; daily carry’d away by the Rakers, and that 
 
 ‘ the Raker thall give notice of hiscoming, by the 
 3 * blowing 
 
 at 
 
54. MEMOIRS of 
 
 “the blowing of a Horn, as hitherto hath been 
 * done. 
 
 Layftalls to be made far off from the City. 
 <TFAHAT the Layftalls be removed as far as may 
 ‘ i be out of the City, and common Paflages, 
 “and that no Nightman or other be fuffered toem- 
 ‘ pty a Vault into any Garden near about the City. 
 
 Care to be bad of unwholfome Fifh or Flefh, and of 
 mufty Corn. 
 
 : HAT fpecial care be taken, that no ftinking 
 ‘ a Fifh, orunwholefome Flefh, or mufty Corn, 
 * or other corrupt Fruits,of what Sort foever be fut 
 ‘fered to be fold about the City, or any part of 
 ‘ the fame. 
 
 * That the Brewers and Tippling-houfes be look- 
 ‘ed unto, for mufty and unwholfome Gasks. 
 
 “That no Hogs, Dogs, or Cats, or tame Pigeons, or 
 ‘ Conies, be fuffered to be kept within any part of 
 “the City, or any Swine to be, or ftray in the 
 ‘ Streets or Lanes, but that fiuch Swine be impound- 
 “ed by the Beadle or any other Officer, and the 
 * Owner punifhed according to A& of Common- 
 ‘Council, and that the Dogs be killed by the 
 £ Dog-killers appointed for that purpofe. 
 
 BEB SRB KEEL EBV EB YEOH KEY 
 
 ORDERS concerning loofe Perfons and 
 idle Affemblies. 
 
 Beggers: 
 ¢ Orrafmuch as nothin 
 
 4 than the Multitude of Rogues and wandring 
 s Beggars, that fwarm in €very place about the Cir 
 ty, being a great caufe of the {preading of the In: 
 
 ¢ fection, 
 
 8 is more complained of, 
 
; 
 
 — 
 the PLAGUE. 
 
 * fection, and will not be avoided, notwithftandi 
 ‘ anyOrder that have been given to the contrar 
 ‘It is therefore now ordered, that fuch Confta 
 “aud others, whom this Matter may any way con- 
 “cern, take {pecial care thatno wandring Begger 
 “ be fuffered in the Streets of this City, in any fa- 
 ‘ fhion or manner, whatfoever, upon the Penalty 
 “provided by the Law to be duely and feverely 
 ‘executed upon them. 
 
 Plays. 
 
 : HAT all Plays, Bear-Baitings, Games, fing- 
 : ing of Ballads, Buckler-play, or fuch like 
 * Caufes of Affemblies of People, be utterly pro- 
 “hibited, and the Parties offending feverely pu- 
 “nifhed by every Alderman in his Ward. 
 
 Feafting Probibited. 
 : HAT all publick Feafting, and particularly 
 
 ¢ by the Companies of this City, and Dinners 
 at Taverns, Alehoufes, and other Places of com- 
 * mon Entertainment be forborn till further Orde 
 ‘anid Allowance ; and that the Money thereby {pa- 
 “red, be preferved and emyloyed for the Benefit 
 ‘and Relief of the Poor vifited with the Infection. 
 
 Tipling Honjes, 
 
 ‘FP HAT diforderly Tipling in Taverns, Ale- 
 ‘ houfes, Coffe-houfes, and Cellars be fevere- 
 “ly looked unto, as the common Sin of this Time, 
 “and greateft occafion of difperfing thePlague.And 
 “that no Company or Perfon be fuffered to remain 
 “or come into any Tavern, Ale-houfe, or Coffe- 
 “ houfe to drink after nine of theClock in theEven- 
 “ing, according to the antient Law and Cuftom of 
 “ this City, upon the Penalties ordained in that Be- 
 
 ‘half, 
 
 A 
 Wi u 
 
 ¢ 
 
 E 4 And, 
 
56 MemoiRs of 
 
 ¢ And for the bettrr execution cf thefe Orders, 
 ‘and fuch other Rules and Direétions as upon fur- 
 ‘ther confideration fhall be found needful, It ig 
 ‘ ordered and enjoined that the Aldermen, Depu- 
 “ties, and Common-Council-men fhall meet toge- 
 “ther weekly, once, twice, thrice, or oftner, (as 
 “ caufe {hall require)at fome one general Place ac- 
 “ cuftomed in their refpective Wards (being clear 
 ‘ from Infection of the Plague) to confult how the 
 ‘faid Orders may be duly putin Execution ; not 
 ‘intending that any, dwelling in or near Places 
 ‘infected, fhall come to the faid Meeting whiles 
 ‘their coming may be doubtful. And the faid Als 
 ‘“dermen, and Deputies, and Common-Council- 
 ‘men in their feveral Wards may put in Execu- 
 ‘tion any other good Orders that by them at their 
 ‘“faid Meetings fhall be conceived and devifed, 
 ‘for Prefervation of His Majefty’s Subjects from 
 ‘the Infection,’ 
 
 Sir Fobu Lawrence? Sir GeorgeWaterman j 
 Lord Mayor. §Sir Charles Doe. d sheriffs 
 
 Lneed not fay, that thefeOrders extended only 
 tofuch Places as were within the. Lord Mayor's 
 Jurisdiction ; fo it is requifite to obferve, that the 
 Juftices of Peace, within thofe Parifhes, and Places 
 as were called the Hamlets, and Out-parts, took 
 the fame Method ; As I remember, the Or 
 ders for fhutting up of Houfes, did not take Place 
 fo foon on our Side, becaufe; as I {aid before, the 
 Plague did not reach to thefe Faftern Parts of the 
 Town, at leaft, nor begin to be very violent, till 
 the beginning of Anguff. For Fxample, the whole 
 Pill, from the 11th to the 18th of Fuly, was 1761; 
 yet there dy’d but 71 of the Plague, in all thofe 
 Parifhes we call the Tower-Hamlets. and they were 
 as follows. : 
 
 Algate 
 
, 
 
 —— 
 th PLAGUE 57 
 Algate 14 34 65 
 Stepney 33 the next 58 and tothe 76 
 W bite-Chappel 21 Weekwas 48 1ft of Ang. 79 
 m St. Kath. Tower. 2 thus. 4. thus. 4. 
 | Trin. Minories 1 I 4 
 71 145 228 
 
 It was indeed, coming on a main ; for the Bu- 
 rials that fame Week, were in the next adjoining 
 Parifhes, thus, 
 
 | St.Len.Shorditch 64. the next Week 84 tothe 17.110 
 
 St. But, Bifhopfg. 65 prodigioufly en- FO5 of Aug. 116 
 
 ( St. Giles Crippl. 213 creafed, as 42y thus. $54 
 
 2 610 780 
 
 WwW 
 
 This fhutting up of houfes was at firft counted 
 a very cruel and Unchriftian Method, and the 
 
 . poor People fo confin’d.made bitter Lamentations: 
 
 Complaints of the Severity of it, were alfo daily 
 brought to my Lord Mayor, of Houfes caufelefsly, 
 
 1; (and fome malicioufly) fhut up:I cannot fay, but 
 «¢ Upon Enquiry, many that complained fo loudly, 
 , were found in a Condition to be continued, and 
 
 others again Infpection being made upon the fick 
 Perfon, and the Sicknefs not appearing infections, 
 or if uncertain, yet, on his being content to 
 be carried to the Peit-Houfe, were releafed. 
 
 It is true, that the locking up the Doors of 
 Peoples Houfes, and fetting a Watchman there 
 Night and Day, to prevent their ftirring out, or 
 any coming to them; when, perhaps, the found 
 People, in the Family, might have efcaped, if 
 they had been remov’d from the Sick, looked ve- 
 
 ry hard and cruel ; and many People perifhed in 
 
 " thefe miferable Confinements, which ’tisreafon- 
 
 able 
 
C A 
 55 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 able to believe, would not have been diftemperd 
 if they had had Liberty, tho’ the Plague was in the 
 Honfe ; at which the People were very clamorous 
 and uneafie at firft, and feveral Violences were 
 committed, and Injuries offered to the Men, who 
 were fet to watch the Houfes fo fhut up; ab 
 fo feveral People broke out by Force, in many 
 Places, asI fhall obferve by and by: But it was 
 a publick Cood that juftified the private Mit 
 chief; ard there was no obtaining the leaft Mit 
 gation, by any Application to Magiftrates, or Go 
 vernment, at that Time, at leaft, not that I heard 
 of. This put the People upon all Manner of Str 
 tagem, in order, if pofhible, to get out, and it 
 would fill a little Volume, to fet down the Aits 
 us’d by the People of {uch Houfes, to fhut the Eyes 
 of the Watchmen, who were employ’d, to deceive 
 them, snd to efcape, or break out from them, i 
 which frequent Scuffles, and fome Mifchief hap- 
 pened; of which by it felf. 
 
 As I went along Houndfditch one Morning, & 
 bout eight a-Clock, there was a great Noife; it 
 is true indeed, there was not much Croud, be 
 canle People were not very free to gather together, 
 or to ftay long together, when they were thet, 
 nor didI ftay long there : But the Outcry was loud 
 enough to prompt my Curicfity, and I call’ to 
 one that look’d out ofa Window, and ask’d what 
 was the Matter. 
 
 A Watchman, it feems, had been employed 
 keep his Poftat the Door of a Houfe, which wa 
 infected, or faid to be infected, and was {hut up; 
 he had been there all Night for two Nights toge 
 ther, ashe told his Story, and the Day Watch 
 man had been there one Day. and was now come 
 to relicve him: All this while no. Noife hat 
 been heard in the Houle, no Light had been 
 feen ; they call’d for nothing, fent him of no Br 
 
 sands, 
 
~~ 
 
 th PLAGUE. = 59 
 
 sands, which us’d to be the chief Bufinefs of the 
 Watchman, neither had they given him any Di- 
 fturbance, as he faid, from the Monday afternoon, 
 when he heard great erying and {creaming inthe 
 Houfe, which, as he fuppofed, was occafioned by 
 fome ofthe Family dying juft at that Time: it 
 feems the Night before, the Dead-Cart, as it was 
 called, had been ftopt there, and a Servant-Maid 
 had been brought down to the Door dead, and the 
 Buriers or Bearers, as they were call’d, put her in- 
 to the Cart, wrapt only in a green Kug, and 
 carried her away. 
 
 The Watchman had knock’d at the Door, it 
 | feems, when he heard that Noife and Crying, as 
 ' above, and no Body anfwered, a great while; but 
 tat laft one look;d out and faid with an angry 
 
 quick Tone, and yet a Kind of crying Voice, or 
 a Voice of one that was crying, What d’ye want, 
 
 6) 
 that ye make fuch a knocking 2 He anfwer'd, Iam the 
 Watchman! bow do you de? What is the Matter 2 
 The Perfon anfwered, What is that to you? Stop the 
 Dead-Cart. This \t feems, was about one a-Clock ; 
 foon after, as the Fellow faid, he {topped the Dead- 
 Cart, and then knock’d again, but no Body an- 
 » {wer’d: He continued knocking, and the Bellman 
 call’d out feveral Times, Bring out your Dead; but 
 no Body anfwered, rill the Man that drove the 
 Cart being call’d to other Honfes, would flay no 
 longer, and drove away. : 
 
 The Watchman knew not what to make of 
 all this, fo he let them alone, till the Morning- 
 Man, or Day Watchman, as they call’d him, came 
 to relieve him. giving him an Account of the 
 Particulars, they knock’d at the Door a great 
 while, but no body anfwered ; and they ob- 
 ferv’d, that the Window, or Cafement, at which 
 the Perfon had look’d out, who had anfwer’d be- 
 fore, continued open, being up two Pair of Stairs, 
 
 Upon 
 
= SF 
 60 MEMOIRS of 
 
 Upon this, the two Men to fatisfy their Curip, 
 fity, got a long Ladder, and one of them went up 
 to the Window, and look’d into the Room, where 
 he faw a Woman lying dead upon the Floor, ing 
 difmal Manner, having no Cloaths on her but 
 her Shift: But tho’ he call’d aloud, and putting 
 in his long Staff, knock’d hard on the Floor, yet 
 no Body ftirr’d or anfwered ; neither could he 
 hear any Noife in the Houfe. 
 
 He came down again, upon this, and acquaint 
 ed his Fellow, who went up alfo, and finding 
 it juft fo, they refolv’d, to acquaint either the 
 Lord Mayor, or fome other Magiftrate of it, but 
 did not offer togoin at the Window: The Ma 
 giftrate itfeems, upon the Information of the 
 two Men, ordered the Houfe tq be broken open, 
 a Conftable, and other Perfons being appointed 
 to be prefent, that nothing might be plundréd; | 
 and accordingly it wasfo done, when no Body 
 was found in the Houfe, but that young Woman, 
 who having been infeéted, and paft Recovery, 
 the reft had left her to die by her felf, and wert 
 every one gone, having found fome Way to de 
 lude the Watchman, and get open the Door, o 
 ger out at fome Back Door, or over the Tops of the 
 Houfes, fo that he knew nothing of it, and asto 
 thofe Crysand Shrieks, which he heard, it was 
 fuppos’d, they were the paffionate Cries of the 
 Family, at the bitter parting, which, to be fure, 
 it was to them all; this being the Sifter to the 
 Miftrefs of the Family. The Man of the Houle, 
 his Wife, feveral Children, and Servants, being 
 all gone and fled, whether fick or found, that I 
 could never learn, nor, indeed, did I make much 
 Enquiry after it. 
 
 Many fuch efcapes were made, out of infetted 
 Houfes, as particularly, when the Watchman was 
 fent of fome Errand ; for it was his Bufinefs to g0 
 
 ee 
 
4 
 
 ~~ 
 th PLAGUE. 61 
 ofany Errand, that the Family fenthim of, that is 
 to fay, for Neceflaries, fuch as Food and Phyfick , 
 to fetch Phyficians, if they would come, or Sur- 
 geons, or Nurfes, or to order the Dead-Cart, and 
 the like ; But with this Condition too, that when 
 he went, he was to lock up the Outer-Door of 
 the Houfe, and take the Key away with him; to 
 evade this, and cheat the Watchmen, People got 
 twoor three Keys made to their Locks, or they 
 found Ways to unfcrew the Locks, fuch as were 
 {crew’d on, and fo take off the Lock, being in the 
 Infide of the Houfe, and while they fent away 
 the Watchman to the Market, to the Bakehoufe, 
 or for one Trifle or another, open the Door, and 
 go out as often as they pleas’: But this be- 
 ing found out, the Officers afterwards had Orders 
 to Padlock up the Doors on the Outfide, and 
 place Bolts on them as they thought fit. 
 
 At another Houfe, asI was inform’d, in the 
 Street next within Algate, a whole Family was 
 fhut up and lock’d in, becaufe the Maid-Servant 
 was taken fick; the Mafter of the Houfe had com- 
 plain’d by his Friends to the next Aljerman, and 
 to the Lord Mayor, and had confented to have 
 the Maid carried to the Peft-Houfe, but was re- 
 fufed, fo the Door was marked with a red Crofs, 
 a Padlock on the Outfide, as above, and a Watch- 
 man fet to keep the Door according to publick 
 Order. 
 
 After the Mafter of the Houfe found there was 
 no Remedy, but that he, his Wife and his Chil- 
 dren were to be lockt up with this poor diftemper- 
 ed Servant; he call’d tothe Watchman, and told 
 him,he muft go then and fetch a Nurfe for them, 
 toattend this poor Girl for thatit would be certain 
 Death to them g/l to oblige them to nurfe her, 
 and told him plainly, that if he would not do 
 this, the Maid muft perifh either of the Diftem- 
 
 per 
 -_—— 
 
SDP 
 62 MEMOIRS of 
 
 per, or be flarv’d for want of Food; for he was 
 refolv'd none of his Family, thould go near her; 
 and dhe lay in the Garret four Story high, where 
 fhe could not Cry out, or call to any Body for 
 Help. 
 
 The Watchman confented to that, and went 
 and fetch’d a Nurfe as he was appointed, and 
 brought her to them the fame Evening ; during 
 this interval, the Mafter of the Honfe took his 
 Opportunity to break a large Hole thro’ his Shop 
 into a Bulk or Stall, where formerly a Cobler had 
 fat, before or under his Shop-window ; but the 
 Tenant as may be fuppofed, at fuch a difmal 
 Time as that, was dead or remoy "d, and fo he had 
 the Key in his own keeping ; having made his 
 Way into this Stall, whichhe cou’d not have done, 
 if the Man had been at the Door, the Noife he 
 was obligedto make, being fuch as would have 
 alam’d the Watchman; I fay, having made his 
 Way into this Stall, he fat ftill till the Watchman 
 return’d with the Nurfe, and all the next Day al- 
 fo; but the Night following, having contriv’d to 
 fend the Watchman of another trifling Errand, 
 which as I take it, was to an Apothecary’s for a 
 Plafter for the Maid, which he was to ftay for 
 the making up, or fome other fuch Errand that 
 might fecure his ftaying fome Time; in that 
 Time he conveyed himfelf, and all his Family out 
 of the Houfe, and left the Nurfe and the Watch- 
 man to bury the poor Wench ; that is, throw her 
 into the Cart, and take care of the Houfe. 
 
 Icon’d give a great many fuch Stories as thefe, 
 diverting enough, which in the long Courfe of that 
 difmal Year, I met with, that is heard of, and 
 which are very certain to be true, Or very near the 
 Tuth ; that is to fay, true in the General, for 
 no Man could at fuch a Time, learn all the Par 
 ticulars: There was likewife Violence ufed with 
 
 the 
 o™~. 
 
the PLAGUE, 63 
 
 the Watchmen, as was reported in abundance of 
 iy Places; and I believe, that from the Beginni: 
 of the Vifitation to the End, there was not lefs 
 ji than eighteen or twenty of them kill’d, or fo 
 wounded as to be taken up for Dead, which was 
 a {nppos’d to be done by the People in the infeGted 
 i, Houfes which were hot up, and where they at- 
 tempted to come out, an d were oppos‘d. 
 
 Nor indeed cou’d lefs be expeGed, for here were 
 juft fomany Prifons in the Town, as there were 
 Houfes {hut up; and as the People fhut up or im- 
 prifon’d fo, were guilty of no Crime, only fhut up 
 becaufe miferable, it was really the more intollera- 
 ble to them. 
 
 It had alfo this Difference ; that every Prifon, 
 as we may call it, had but one Jaylor; and as he 
 had the whole Houle to Guard, and that many 
 Houfles were fo fituated, as that they had feveral 
 Ways out, fome more, fome lefs,and fome into feveral 
 Streets ; it was impoffible for one Man fo to Guard 
 
 all the Paflages, as to prevent the efcape of Peo- 
 ple, made defperate by the fright of their Circum- 
 ftances, by the Refentment of their ufage, of by 
 the raging of the Diftemper ic felf ; fo that they 
 would talk to the Watehman on one Side of the 
 Houfe, while the Family made their efcape at ano- 
 ther. 
 
 For example, in Coleman ftreet, there are abun- 
 dance of Alleys, as appears itill; 
 
 es 
 > 
 4 
 
 2 Houfe was fhur 
 upin that they call 7) hites- Alley, and this Houfe 
 had a back Window, nota Door into a Court, 
 which had a Paflage into Bell-Alley; a Watch- 
 man was fet by the ‘Conftab! e, at the Door of this 
 Houfe, <a there he ftood, or hi ie e Night 
 and Day, while the Family went all away in the 
 Evening, out at that Window into the Court, 
 and left the poor Fellows warding, and watching, 
 for near a Fortnight. 
 
 ee 
 
 Not 
 
 — 
 
=f 
 64. MEMOIRS of 
 
 Not far from the fame Place, they blow'd up 
 @ Watchman with Gun-powder, and barne the 
 poor Fellow dreadfully, and while he made hi 
 dious Crys, and no -Body would. venture to come 
 near to help him ; the whole Family that were able | 
 to flir, got out at the Windows one Story high; two 
 that were left Sick, calling out for Help; Cate 
 was taken to give them Nurfes to look after them, 
 but the Perfons fled were never found, till after 
 the Plague was abated they return’d, but as no 
 thing cou’d be prov’d, fo nothing could be done 
 to them. 
 
 It is to be confider’d too,that as thefe were Prifons 
 without Barrs and Bolts, which our common Pri 
 fons are furniih’d with, fo the People let themlelves 
 down out of their Windows, even in the Face of 
 the Watchman, bringing Swords or Piftols in theit 
 Hands, and threatening the poor Wretch to fhoot 
 him, if he ftir’d, or call’d for Help. 
 
 In other Cafes, fome had Gardens, and Walls, 
 or Pales between them and their Neighbours; ot 
 Yards, and back-Houfes ; and thefe by Friend: 
 dhip and Entreaties, would get leave to get over 
 thofe Wallis, or Pales, and fo go out at their 
 Neighbour’s Doors ; or by giving Money to thelt 
 Servants, get them, to let them thro’ in the Night; 
 fo that in fhort, the fhutting up of Houfes, was 
 in no wife to be depended upon; neither did it 
 anfwer the End at all; ferving more to make the 
 People defperate, and drive them to fuch Extremi: 
 ties, asthat, they would break out at all Adven 
 tures. 
 
 And that which was ftill worfe, thofe that did 
 thus break out, {pread the Infe@ion farther by theit 
 wandring about with tne Diftemper upon chem, 
 in their defperate Circumftances, than they would 
 otherwife have done; for whoever confiders all the 
 Particulars in fuch Cafes muft acknowlede; and we 
 cai- 
 
th PLAGUE. 65 
 
 cannot doubt but the feverity of thofe Confine 
 ments, made many People defperate 5; ; and made 
 them run out of their Houfes at all Hazards, and 
 with the Plague vifibly upon them, not knowing 
 mh to go, or what to do, or indeed, 
 what they did; and many that did fo, were dri- 
 ven to dreadful Exigences and Extremeties, and 
 Perifh’d in the Streets or Fields for meer Want, or 
 drop’d down, bythe raging violence of the Fever 
 upon them: Ochers rat dred into the Country, 
 and went forward any Way, as a eir “Defverat ion 
 w) guided them, not knowing whether they went or 
 m Would go, till faint and tir’d, and not getting any 
 Relief; the Honfes and V illages on the Road, 
 refufing to admit them to lodge, whether infected 
 OF no ; they have perith’ d by the Road Side, or 
 gotten ito Barns and dy’d there, none daring 
 focome tothem, or relieve them, tho? perhaps not 
 infected, for no Body Would believe them. 
 
 On the other Hand, when the Plague at firft 
 feiz’da Fami 'y, that is to fay, when an y one Body 
 of the Family, h id gone out, and ut warily or other- 
 wile catch’d the Dit ftemper and brought it Home, 
 ¢ was certainly known by the Famil ly, before it 
 was known to the Off cers, who, as you will fee 
 by the O; der, were appo = to examine into 
 th e Ci ireumitances of all fick Perfons, when they 
 heard of the'r bein g fick. 
 
 In this Int tval, between their being tak en Sick, 
 and the Resets coming, the Matter of the 
 Houle had Leifure and Liberty to remove himfe If, 
 or all his Fan uly, if he knew whether to go, and 
 
 eit ther Ww hit 
 
 4 
 J 
 
 protons 
 
 many did fo; But the great difler was, th at ma- 
 
 RF did thus, after they were really infe&red them- 
 
 felves, and fo Sanzy ‘d the Difeafe into the Houfes 
 
 1 
 
 of thofe w ere fo Hofpitable as to receive 
 them, which i it muft be confefs’d was very cruel 
 
 and ungrateful. 
 F Apd. 
 
66 
 
 And this was in Part, the Reafon of the general 
 Notion, or fcandal rather, which went about of 
 the Temper of People infeéted ; Namely, that they 
 did nottake the leaft care, or make any Scruple of 
 infe@ing others; tho’ I cannot fay, but thete 
 
 g Truth in it too, but not fo general 
 as was reported. What natural Reafon could be 
 given, for fo wicked a Thing, at a Time, when 
 they might con Bade themielves jut going to ap 
 pear at ‘the Barr of Divine Juftice, 1 know not: 
 I am very well fatisfy’d, that it cannot be recor 
 cil’d to Religion and Principle, any more thant 
 canbe to Generofity and Human ity; but 1 may 
 fpeak of that again. 
 
 I am fpeaking now of People made defperate, 
 by the Aporchaiiiden of their being fhut: up, and 
 their breaking out by Stratagem or Force, eithet 
 before or after they were fhut up, whole Milery 
 was not leflen’d, when ches were out, but fal 
 encreafed: On the other Hand, many that thus 
 got away, had Retreats to go to, and other Hot 
 fes, where they lock’d themfelves up, and kept 
 hid till the Plague was over; and many Fam 
 
 lies foref-eing the Approach of the Diltemper, laid 
 up Stores of Provifio: 1S fafficient for their whole 
 Families, and fhut themfelves up, and that fo entire 
 ly, that they were neither feen or heard of, till the 
 Infection was quite ceafed, and then came abroad 
 Sound and Well: I might recollect feveral fich 
 as thefe,° and give you the Particular of theit 
 Management ; for doubriefs, ic was the mokt ef 
 feGtual fecure ee that cou’d be taken for fuch, 
 whofe Circumftance. would not admirc them tote 
 move, or who had. not Retreats abroad proper fot 
 the Cafe ; for in bei ing thus fhut up, they were as 
 if they had been a hundred Miles off : Nor dol 
 remember, that any one of thofe Families milea* 
 
 J 
 
 try d; amon feveral Dutch Merchants wet 
 
 particu 
 '@ 
 
yarticularly remarkable, w 10 kept their Houfes 
 like little Garrifons hefieged, fufferig none to go 
 in or out, or come near them; parti cu larly ¢ one in 
 a Court in Throckmorton Street, wl x0fe Houfe look- 
 ed into Airapers rs G urden. 
 
 But I come back to the Cafe of Families infect- 
 ed, and ae ip by the M agiltrs es the Mifery 
 of thofe Families is not t \ be exprefs’d, and it was 
 generally in fuch Ho ufes that we he Be the moft 
 difmal Shricks and Out-cries of the poor People 
 tert ified, , and even frig ed to Death, Y h Sight 
 
 r vat . AS Rea RP a} 
 of the ¢ onal 8] of their €areit ACilz 
 
 1 
 
 the Terror of being imprifoned as they w 
 
 I remember, and while I am writing this Sto- 
 ry, [think I hear the very Sound of it, a certain 
 Lady had an only I iter, a young Maiden a- 
 bout 19 Yearsold ne who was pol flefl ed ofa ve- 
 
 ry Confiderable Fortune, they were only Lod- 
 gers In the Houfe ere they were: The: young 
 Woman, her ~ ther, and the Maid, had been a- 
 bro < on fome Occafion, Ido not remember what, 
 for t] > Hou ufe was not fhut up; but about two 
 Seeing a ] 2 the young Lady 
 
 compiz ES 4 qua rter of an 
 Hour mi Lhada inkent Pain 3 in 
 
 . Pra 1¢€r Mothers ina terrible 
 Fright, my Child has not the Diftemper! The 
 Pain in her Head increafing, her Mother ordered 
 the Bed tol be warm’d, and refolved to put her to 
 Bed; and prepared to give her things to {weat, 
 which was thx einer Remedy to be taken, 
 
 firft Apprehenfions of the Diftemper 
 
 as alring, the Mother undref- 
 man, and juft as fhe was laid 
 ng upon her Body with 
 a Candle, immediately difcove ‘red the fatal To- 
 kens onthe Infide of her Thighs, Her Mother 
 F 2 not 
 
 Anurn in +1 RD «Rae 
 down in the Bed, fhe looki 
 
68 
 not being able to contain herfelf, threw down 
 her Candle, and ferieckt out in fuch a frightful 
 Manner, that it Was enough to place Horror upon 
 the ftouteft Heart in the World: nor was it one 
 Skream, or one AY, per Moe right, having feiz’d 
 her Spirits, fhe fainted firft, then recovered, then 
 ran all over the F >, up the Stairs and dowil the 
 stairs, like one diftra¢ted. and indeed really was 
 acter and continued {creching and crying 
 Fhe fever al He urs void of < ll Senfe, or 2 at leaf, 
 Gc vernment of her Senfes, and as I was told, ne. 
 ver came throughly to herfelf again: As tothe 
 young Maiden, fhe was a dead Cor pfe from that 
 Moment: for the god which occafions the 
 Spots | had fpread her vu e Body. and fhe died 
 in lefs than two Heues? But ftill the Mother 
 continued crying out, not ie ing any Thing 
 more of her C} nila, feveral Hours after fhe was 
 dead. it is fo lo} I am not certain, 
 but I think the Mo ther never recover’d, but died 
 in two or three Weeks after 
 This was 2n extraordinar vafe, and Iam there- 
 pared the mor rticular a te healt I came fo 
 rit; but there were in- 
 nd it was feldom, 
 in, but there were 
 that is, that may well 
 at But befides thofe, 
 fo frighted te die upon the Spot. there 
 were ereat Numbers frighted to other Fxtreams, 
 fome frig ghted out of their Senfes. fome out of their 
 Men nory. and fome out cf their Un lerftanding: 
 y 9) the thi tting up of He nurf{es, 
 ‘ ay, got out cf their Hou‘es 
 the y were fhut up, » Jo others 
 
 a5 
 
 ‘ge ibin is t ie ee ‘Ni, id giving 
 
 7 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 +} 
 
 azo, 
 
 ht it at t tha at time, 
 the 
 
PLAGUE 69 
 
 the miott innocent Corruption, or Bribery, that a- 
 ny Man could he guilt 1 
 not but pity the poor M 
 when three of thofe W: 
 whipt thro’ the Streets, fo 
 out of Houfes fhut up, 
 
 But notwithftanding 
 vail’d with the 
 found Means to mak 
 
 way after they had 
 
 Mm up int 
 1, and Provifions 
 
 1¢ Near them: and {everal 
 
 ; 10Ome comic: 
 
 orles were told « 
 gical, fome who li 
 the Defarts, an 
 
 } (s. 
 ies In iuchn 
 
 and who 
 
CS 
 
 40 MEMOIRS Of 
 ina terrible Manner, th ney refolved to fhift, a 
 well as they could, and to be gone. 
 
 One of them had been a Soldier in the late 
 Wars, and before that in the Low Countries, and 
 havi ng been bred to no particular Employ ment 
 but his Arms; and befides being wounded, and 
 nc t able to work very hard, had for fome ‘Time 
 
 een employ’d at a Baker's of Sea Bisketia 
 } pins 
 
 The Brother of this Man wasa Seaman too, but 
 fome how or other, had been hurt of one ‘Le 8, 
 that he could not gotoSea, but had i for 
 his Living at a Sail Makers in ¥ app ng, or there 
 
 abouts, and being a good Husb: nd, ee laid up 
 fome Money , an a was the richeft of the Three. 
 
 The third Man was a Joiner or Carpenter by 
 Trade, a handy Fellow; and he had no W ealth, 
 but his Box, or Basket of Tools, with the Help 
 of which he could at any Time get his Living, 
 fuch a Time asthis excepted, wherever he went, 
 and he liv’d near Shadwel. 
 
 They all liv’d in Stepney Parifh, which, asl 
 have faid, being the laft that was infected, orat 
 leaft violently, they ftay’d there till they evi- 
 dently faw the Plague was abating at the Weft 
 Part of the Town, and coming towards the Eaft 
 where they liv’d. 
 
 The Story of thofe three Men, if the Reader 
 will be content to have me give it in their own 
 Perfons, meee taking upon me to either vouch 
 the Puriici ulars, or anfwer for any Miltakes. 1 fall 
 give as diftinGly as I can, believing the Hiftory 
 will be avery good Pattern for any poor Man to 
 follow, in cafe the like Publick I De(ol: stion fhould 
 ha appen ppb: and if there may be 10 fach Orca 
 fion, wh ich God of his infinite Me srcy grant ns, {till 
 the Story may have its peo. fo many W fays as that 
 it will, I hope, never be fi hat the relating has 
 becn unprofitable, ; 1 fay 
 
 ps 
 D 
 ¥ 
 
i 
 
 72 MEMOIRS of 
 
 this Pit would have fup- 
 or more, when they dug 
 it, and fome blam’d the Church-Wardens for fuf- 
 fering fuch a frightful Thing, telling them they 
 were making Preparations to bury the whole Pa- 
 rifh, and the like ; but Time made it appear, the 
 Church-Wardens knew the Condition of the Parith 
 becter than they did; for the Pit being finifhed the 
 4th of September, I think, they began to bury init 
 the 6th, and by the.20, which was juft two Weeks 
 they had thrown into it {114 Bodies, when they 
 were obliged to fill it up, the Bodies being then 
 come to lie within fix Poot of the Surface : I doubt 
 not but there may be fome antient Perfons alive in 
 the Parifh, whocan juftify the Fa@ of this, and are 
 able to fhew even in what Pare of the Church- 
 Yard, the Pit lay, better than I can; the Mark 
 of it alfo was many Years to be feen in the Church- 
 Yard on the Surface lying in Length, Parallel with 
 the Paflage which goes by the Weft Wail of the 
 Church Yard, out of Houndfditch, and turns Eafk 
 again into White-Chappel, coming out near the three 
 Wuns Inn. 
 
 Tt was about the roth of September, that my Cur 
 riofity led, or rather drove me to go and fee this 
 Pit again, when there had been near 400 People 
 buried in it; and I was not content to fee it in 
 
 he Day-time, as I had done before; for then there 
 would bave been nothing to have been feen but 
 the loofe Earth ; for all the Bodies that were thrown 
 in, were immediately covered with Earth, by thofe 
 they call'd the Buryers, which at other Times were 
 call’d Bearers; but I refolv’d to §° inthe Night 
 and fee fome of them thrown in. 
 
 There was a ftri& Order to prevent People com- 
 ing to thofe Pits, and that was on 
 
 ; £0 , and ly to prevent 
 Infection: Bur after fome Time, t 
 
 hat Order was 
 
 more 
 [z 
 
— 
 
 their End, and dilirious alfo, would run to 
 thofe Pits er in Bla kets, or Fogs, and throw 
 themfelves in, and as t! ey ~ bury stem felyes : I 
 cannot fay, rhat the Ot ficers fuffered any willingly 
 Oo lie there ; bs it k have heard, chars in a aes 
 
 t i € Parith of Cy vipplegate, it lying 
 open then to the : ields ; for it was not then wall’d 
 
 about, came and threw themfelyes in, and ex- 
 pired there, before they threw any Earth upon 
 
 them; and that when they came tob iry others, 
 nd foun em ther 1€y Were quite dead, tho’ 
 » deicribe the dreadful 
 it is impoffible to fay 
 ive a true Idea of it to 
 ther than this ; that ir 
 
 fal, and fuchas no 
 
 -hurch- Yard by being 
 
 who attended, who 
 fufe me at all, yer earneftly per- 
 0; telling me very ferionfly, 
 ne Was 2 §00d religious and fenfible Man, that 
 to venture 
 in it they might 
 had no apparent 
 y, which he {aid. 
 “was foffic ent to 
 I told him I had 
 and that perhaps 
 » that might not 
 the good Man, 
 ’ Name of God 
 a Sermon to 
 : you heard in 
 
 our Life. ’Tis a {pe 
 
 and a loud one, to call -us all I 
 h that he opened the Door 
 
 ii, 
 
‘d my Refolution a lit 
 yx a good while 5 but 
 two Links come ove 
 
 he Minories, and heard the Bell 
 
 then appeat'd a Dead-Cart, as theyealli 
 
 over the Streets fo 1 could no long 
 
 Defire of feeing it, and went i; 
 
 as I could perceive at fith 
 
 or going into it, but ithe 
 
 ‘ellow that drove the Catt 
 
 or rather led the Horfe and Cart, but wht 
 they came up, to the Pit, they faw a Man go 
 to and again, mofled up in a brown Cloak, aid 
 making Motions with his Hands, under his 
 Cloak, asif he wasinagreat Agony; and the Bir 
 riers immediately gathered about him, fuppofing 
 he was one of thofe poor dilirions, or defperate 
 Creatures, that ufed to pretend, as I have faid, t0 
 bury themfelves ; he faid nothing ashe walkd# 
 bout, but two or three times groaned very deeply, 
 and loud, and fighed as he would break his Heatt, 
 When the Buryers came up to him they foon found 
 he was neither a Perfon infected and defperate, # 
 I have obferved above, or a Perfon diftemper 
 ed in Mind, but one opprefs’d with a dread 
 fal Weight of Grief indeed, having his Wife and 
 feveral of his Children, all inthe Cart, that was 
 juft come in with him, and he followed in an Age 
 ny and excefs of Sorrow. He mourned heartily, # 
 it was eafy to fee, but with a kind of Mafculine 
 Grief, that could not give it felf Vente by Tears 
 and calmly defiring the Buriers to Jet him alons, 
 {aid he would only fee the Bodies thrown in, and 
 go away, fo they left importuning him; but no foor 
 er was the Cart turned round, and the Bodies fhot 
 into the Pit promifcuoufly, which was a Surprize t0 
 him, for he at leaft expeGied they would-have beta 
 decently laid in, tho’ indeed he was afterwards 
 
 col 
 
practible ; I fay, no toon 
 
 Cony l : 
 id i. he cry d out aloud un 
 ble (elf: I could not hear what 
 
 ' ' 
 
 he faid. but he went backward two or three Steps, 
 ran to him 
 > he came to 
 vere 
 
 led him away to the Pye Ta 
 
 a of Hound/ditch, where, 1t ieems, 
 
 ret . | are . 
 who, < 1 where they COOK Cait or 
 + 
 | r 
 Way, DUI 5) 1¢er 
 n¢ +t t the there 
 mearate owl In fa that Ci e 
 Light enough, for there were Lantherns anc 
 ail > a) ' Bete 
 { les 1 [ i! qd aii INieght round tne Viadcs 
 
 ui Ocene indecd, 
 as tne reit; but tne 
 error, the Cart haa 
 
 t | fome were 
 | ~ { nem 1o¢ frame Tt 
 neecs, me 1 eS, 1ome il 
 1 
 har Cove 
 < ym 1, Che 4d otming out 
 4 | € gt 
 i r l T to them, oO 
 1 ] 4 
 7 re) y e, feel ere all dead, 
 a ere to | 
 € Ol 
 0 a4 it s 1a 
 rovet re: 
 wer was 1 C 
 i to be t 
 . P 
 Tt « “2K ; i 
 it \ reporre ry 
 » that it ¢ LO! 
 tiy wound up as 
 
 cect 2 VQ 
 
os 
 / 
 fome did, and which was generally of good Linen! 
 I fay, it was rep 
 
 ported, that the Buriers were f 
 wicked as to. ftrip them in the Cart, and cart 
 > naked to the Ground : But as I canpot 
 it any thing fo vile among Chriftians 
 ata Time fo fill’d with Terrors, as that wap 
 
 I can only relate it and leave it undetermined, 
 
 Innumerable Stori les alfo went about of thecrud 
 Behaviours sand Practifes of Nurfes, who tended th 
 
 Sick, and of their haftening on the Fate of thok 
 they tended in their Sicknefs: But I thal! fay more 
 of this in its Place. 
 
 I was indeed fhock’d with this Sight, it almolt 
 overwhelm’d me, and I went a away with my Heart 
 moft affliaed and full of the affi; Ging Thoughts, 
 — as I cannot def ribe; juft ac my going out of 
 
 e Church, and turning up the Street ‘towardeal 
 own Houfe, I faw another Cart. with Links, and 
 a Beilman going before, coming out of Harrow 
 Alley, in the But ee Row, on the other Side of the 
 Way, and being, as I perceived, very full of dead 
 Bodies, it went diredt} ly over the Street alfo toward 
 the Charch : I flood a while, but I had no Ste 
 mach to go back Again to fee the fame difmal 
 Scene over 4B4i0; fo I went dire! y Home, where 
 J could not but confider with T hank fulnefs, the 
 Rifque I had run, believing I had gotten no lr 
 jaty; as indeed I had not, 
 
 ere EPO or unhappy Gentleman’s Grief came 
 
 to my head again, and indeed I could not but 
 
 in the Re flection upon it Perh 1aps more 
 
 id himfelf; bur his Cafe lay fo heavy 
 
 ny Mi nd, that I could not Re with my 
 
 t that i muft go out again into the Srreet 
 
 nd es to the Pye-Taver “, relolving to enquire 
 what became 2 i 
 
 s Time one a-Ciock in the Motn- 
 
 e poor Gentleman was there; the 
 
 Tas Trath 
 
lad 
 
 ‘the Houfe knowing 
 and kept him there a 
 > the Danget of being infe- 
 
 j 
 
 Brett the Man was per- 
 
 Wings aio aera 
 
 (ut rb’ d with 
 
 anery, and very 
 e, for fuffering 
 im, to be brought 
 
 it Fioufe ; but being an- 
 Man was a Neighbour, and that 
 he 
 
 —, 
 
78 
 
 he was found, 
 
 mity of his Family, ai 
 
 Anger into ridiculing the Man, and his Sortow'fo 
 his Wife and Children; taunted him with war 
 of Courage to leap into the great Pit, and got 
 Heaven, as they jeeringly exprefs’d it, along wit 
 them, adding fome very profane, and eyen blalphe 
 mous Expreffions. 
 
 They were at this vile Work when I came bat 
 to the Houfe, and as far as T could fee, tho’ th 
 Man fat ftill, mute and difconfolate, and ther 
 Affronts could not divert his Sorrow, yet he wa 
 both griev’d and offended at their Difcourle: Ups 
 this, I gently reprov'd them, being well enoughar 
 quainted with their Characters, and not unknom 
 in Perfon to two of them. 
 
 They immediately fell upon me withill Langmig 
 and Oaths; ask’d me what ! did out of my Gm, 
 at fuch a Time when fo many honefter Mem wer 
 carried into the Church-Yard? and why I wasno 
 at Home faying my Prayers, againft the Dead-Gr 
 came for me? and the like. © 
 
 I was indeed aftonifhed at the Impudence oftit 
 Men, tho’ nor at all difcompofed at their Trea 
 ment of me; however 1 kept my Temper; Ito 
 them, that tho’ I defy’d them, or any Man inte 
 World to tax me with any Dijhonefty, yet L acknov 
 ledg’d, that in this terrible Judgment of God, mt 
 ny better than I was {wept away, and carried 
 their Grave: But to anfwer their Quedtion diretilh 
 the Cafe was, that I was mercifully preferved)) 
 that great God, whole Name they ‘had Blafphem 
 ed and taken in vain, by curfing aud {wearing jo’ 
 dreadful Manner; and that I believed I was pit 
 fery’d in particular, among other Ends, of his 
 Goodnefs, that I might reprove them for theitat 
 dacious Boldnefs, in behaving in fucha Manner, aM 
 in fuch an awful Time as this was, efpecially, 
 
 helt 
 [iS 
 
I0OMI- 
 
 av 
 
 f 
 A OO 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 ed 4 Zee ‘ 
 = - 4 
 a I 
 ed 
 f 
 _ ‘ 
 
80 MEMOIRS of 
 
 They received all Reproof with the urmot Gap 
 tempt, and made the greateft Mockery that was po 
 fible for them to do at me, giving me all theg 
 probrious infolent Scofts that they could think offer 
 preaching to them, as they calPd it, which indeed 
 grieved me, rather than angred me; and@ wente 
 way biefling God, however, in my Mind, that Phal 
 not {par'd them, tho’ they had infulred me fo much 
 
 Lhey continued this wretched. Courfe, three ot 
 four Day after this, continua y mocking and jet 
 ing at all that fhew’d themfelves religious, of {ett 
 ous, or that were any way rouch’d with the Sence 
 of the terrible Judgment of God upon‘us, and 1 gus 
 inform’d they flouted in the famie Manner, atthe 
 g00d People, who, notwithf{tanding the Contagion, 
 met at the Church, fafted, and prayed to Godto 
 remove his- Hand from them. 
 
 I fay, they continued this dreadful Courfe thie 
 or fout Days, J think it was uo mote, when oned 
 them, particularly he who ask’d the poor Gentle: 
 man what he did out of his Grave? was ftrack from 
 Heaven with the Plague, and died in a molt de 
 
 . Plorable Manner; and ina Word they were every 
 one of them carried into. the great Pit, which] 
 have mentioned above, before it was quite filld 
 up, which was not above a Fortnight or thereabont 
 
 Thefe Men were guilty ot many extravaganees, 
 fuch as one would think, Human Nature fhould 
 have trembled at the Thoughts of, at fuch a Time 
 of general Terror, as was then upon us and pattr 
 ticularly fcoffing and mocking at every thing whieh 
 they happened to fee, that was religions amovg 
 the People, efpecially at their thronging zealoully 
 to the Place of publick Worthip, to implore Mere) 
 from Heaven in fuch a2 Time of Diftrefss and this 
 Tavern, where they held their Club, being within 
 View of the Church Door, they had the more pat 
 ticularOccafion for their Atheiltica] profane Mirth. 
 
 But 
 Za 
 
es 
 th PLAGUE. St 
 
 But this began to abate alittle with themi before 
 the Accident, which I have related; happened; tor 
 the Infection increafed fo violently; at this Part of the 
 Town now, that People began to be afraid to come 
 to the Church, at leaft fuch Numbers did not refort 
 thither as was ufual; many of the Clergymen likewife 
 were Dead; and others gone into the Country ; for it 
 really required a fteady Courage, and a ftrong Faiths 
 for a Man not only to venture being in Town at fuch 
 a Time as this, but likewife to venture to come to 
 Church and perform the Office of a Minifter to a 
 Congregation, of whom he had reafon to believe ma= 
 ny of them, were-aGually infeGed with the Plagues 
 and co do this every Day, or twicea Day, as in fome 
 Places was done. 
 
 It is true, the People thew’d an exttaordinaty Zeal 
 in thefe religious Exercifes, and as the Chureh Doors 
 were always open, People would go in fingle at all 
 Times, whether the Minifter was officiating or nos 
 and locking themfelves into feparate Pews, would be 
 Praying to God with great Fervency and Devotion. 
 
 Others aflembled at Meeting-Houles, every oneas 
 their different Opinions in fuch Things guided, but all 
 were promifcuoufly the Subje@ of thefe Mens Drolle« 
 ty, efpecially at the Beginning of the Vifitation: 
 
 It feems they had been check’d for their open infult- 
 ing Religion in this Manner, by feveral good People 
 of every perfwafion, and that, and the violent raging 
 of the Infeéion, I fuppofe, was the Occafion that 
 they had abated much of their Rudenefs, for fome 
 time before, and were only rous’d by the Spirit of Ris 
 baldry,and Atheifm, at the Clamour which was made, 
 when the Gentleman was firft brought in there; and 
 perhaps; were agitated by the fame Devil, when f 
 took upon me to reprove them; thio’ 1 did it at firft 
 with all the Calmnefs, Temper, and Good-Manners 
 that I could, which, for a while, they infuleed me 
 the more for, thinking it had been in fear of their Re= 
 fentment, tho’ afterwards they found the conrrary: 
 
 G I wens 
 
Q 
 8) 
 
 I went Home indeed, griev’d and afflitted in my 
 Mind, at the Abominable Wickednefs of thofe Mea 
 not doubting, however, that they would be made 
 dreadful Examples of God’s Juftice; for I look’d up- 
 this di{mal Time to be a particular Seafon of Divine 
 Vengeance, and that God would, on this Occafion, 
 fingle out the proper Objects, of his Difpleafure, ina 
 more efpecial and remarkable Manner, than at ano- 
 ther Time; and that, tho’ I did believe that many good 
 People would, and did, fall in the common Calami- 
 ty, and that it was no certain Rule to judge of the 
 eternal State of any one,by their being diftinguith’din 
 fuch a Time of general Deitruction, neither one Way 
 or other; yet I fay, it could not but feem reafonable 
 to believe, that God would not think fit ro fpare by 
 his Mercy fuch open declared Enemies, that thould 
 infult his Name and Being, defy his Vengeance, and 
 mock at his Worthip and Worfhipers, at fuch a Time, 
 no not tho’ his Mercy had thought fit to bear with, 
 and {pare them at other Times : That this was a Day 
 of Vifitation; a Day of God’s Anger; and thole 
 Words came into my Thought. Fer v. 9, Shall Lm 
 wifit for thefe things, faith the Lord, aud fall not m 
 Soul be avenged of Juch a Nation as this ? 
 
 Thefe Things, | fay, lay upon my Mind; and] 
 went home very much griev’d and opprefs’d with the 
 Horror of thefe Mens Wickednefs, and to think that 
 any thing could be fo vile, fo hardened, and fo note 
 rioufly wicked, as to infult God and his Servants, 
 and his Werthip, in fach a Manner, and at fach 4 
 ‘Time as this was; when he had, as it were, his Sword 
 drawn in his Hand, on purpofe to take Vengeance, 
 not on them only, but on the whole Nation. 
 
 I had indeed, been in fome Paffion, at firft, with 
 them, tho’ it was really raifed, not by any Affront 
 they had offered me perfonally, but by the Horrot 
 their blafpheming Tongues fill’d me with; howevel 
 ¥ was doubtful in my Thoughts, whether the Refent 
 ment I retain’d was not all upon my own private Ac: 
 
 count 
 
— 
 the PLAGUE, 83 
 
 count, for they had given me a great deal of il! Lan# 
 
 tir'd my felf, as foon as I came home, for I flept not 
 
 By this I not only did my Duty, namely, to pray 
 for thofe who difpitefully ufed me, but I fully try’d 
 my own Heart, to my full Satisfa@ion; that it was not 
 fill’d with any Spirit of Refentment as they had of- 
 ended me in particular; and I humbly recommend 
 the Method to all thofe that would know, or becer= 
 tain, how to diftinguith between their teal Zea! for 
 the Honour of God, and the Effe&s of their private 
 Paffions and Refentment. 
 
 But I muft go back here to the particular Incidents 
 which occur to my Thoughts of the Time of the Vi- 
 fitation, and particularly, to the Time of their fhut 
 ting up Honfes, in the fr Part of the Sicknefs; for 
 before the Sicknefs was eome to its Height, People 
 had more Room to make their Obfervations, than 
 they had afterward: But when it was in the Extres 
 mity, there was no fuch Thing as Communication 
 with one another, as before. 
 
 During the thutting up of Honfes, as I have faid, 
 fome Violence was offered to the Watchmen; as to 
 Soldiers, there were none to be found; the few Guards 
 which the King then had, which were nothing like 
 the Number, entertaiu’d fince,; were difperts’d, either 
 at Oxford with the Court, or in Quarters in the re- 
 moter Parts of the Country ; fmall detarchments ex- 
 cepted, who did Duty at the To er, and at White= 
 Hall, and thefe but tery few; neither am I pofitive, 
 that there was any other Guard at the Tower, than 
 the Warders, as they call’d them, who fland at the 
 
 G 2 Gate 
 
=F 
 84. MEMOIRS Of 
 
 Gate with Gowns and Caps, the fame as the Yeomen 
 of the Guard; except the ordinary Gunners, who 
 were’ 24, and the Officers appointed to look after the 
 Magazine, who were call’d Armourers: as to Traind 
 Bands, there was no Poffibility of raifing any, neithet 
 if the Lieutenancy, either of London or Middlefex had 
 ordered the Drums to, beat for the Militia, would 
 any of the Companies, I believe, have drawn to 
 gether, whatever Rifque they had run. 
 
 This made the Watchmen be the lefs regarded, and 
 perhaps, oceafioned the greater Violence to be uled 
 againft them ; I mention it on this Score, to obferve 
 that the fetting Watchmen thus to keep the People it, 
 was ( 1ft) of all, not effeQual, but that the People 
 broke out, whether by Force or by Stratagem, even 
 almoft as often as they pleas’d: And (2d ) that thole 
 that did thus break out, were generally People infett 
 ed, who in their Defperation, running about from one 
 Place to another, valued not who they injur‘d, and 
 which perhaps, as I have faid, might give Birth to 
 Report, that it was natural to the infected Peopleto 
 defire to infe& others, which Report was really falfe. 
 
 And I know it fo well, and in fo many feveral Cafes, 
 that I could give feveral Relations of good, pious, 
 and religious People, who,when they have had the Di- 
 fiemper, have been fo far from being forward to infed 
 others, that they have forbid their own Family 0 
 come near them, in Hopes of their being preferved j 
 and have even died without feeing their neareft Re 
 lations, left they fhould be inftrumental to give them 
 the Diftemper, and infe& or endanger them: If then 
 there were Cafes wherein the infeed People wert 
 earelefs of the Injury they did to others, this was ce 
 tainly one of them, if not the chief, namely, when 
 People, who had the Diftemper, had broken out from 
 Houfes which were fo fhut up, and having been driven 
 to Extremities for Provifton, or fgr Entertainment, ha 
 endeavoured to conceal their Condition, and have been 
 thereby Inftrumental involuntarily to infe@ others who 
 have been ignorant and unwary This 
 
 : 
 
the PLAGUE. SF 
 
 This is one of the Reafons why I believed them, and 
 do believe ftill, that the fhutting up Houfes thus by 
 Force, and reftraining, or rather imptifoning People in 
 their own Houfes, as is faid above, was of little or no 
 Service in the Whole; nay, 1am of Opinion, it was 
 rather hurtful, having forc’d thofe defperate People 
 to wander abroad with the Plague upon them, who 
 
 re" 
 
 would otherwife have died quietly in their Beds, 
 
 I remember one Citizen, who having thus broken 
 out of his Houfe in Alderfeate-Street, or thereabout, 
 went along the Road to J/ington, he attempted to have 
 gone in at the Angel- Jun, and atterathat, at the White- 
 Horfe, two Inns known ftill by the fame Signs, but 
 was refufed; after which he came to the Pyed Bull, 
 an Inn alfo ftill continuing the fame Sign ; he asked 
 them for Lodging for one Night only, pretending to 
 be going into Lincolnfbire, and afluring them of his be- 
 ing very found, and free from the Infe@ion, which al- 
 fo, at that Time, had not reached much that Way, 
 
 They told him they hadno Lodging that they could 
 fpare, but one Bed, up in the Garret, and that they 
 could {pare that Bed but for one Night, fome Drovers 
 being expeGed the next Day with Cattle; fo, if he 
 would accept of that Lodging, he might have ir, 
 which he did ; fo.a Servant was {ent up with a Candle 
 with him, to thew him the Room; he was very well 
 drefs’d, and look’d like a Perfon not ufed to lie ina 
 Garret, and when he came to the Room he fech’d a 
 deep Sigh, and aid to the Servant, I have feldom lain 
 in fuch a Lodging as this ; however the Servant aflur- 
 ing him again, that they had no better. Well, fays 
 he, I muft make fhift; this is a dreadful ‘Time, but it 
 is but for one Night ; fo he fat down upon the Bed- 
 fide, and bad the maid, I think it was, fetch him up a 
 Pint of warm Ale ; accordingly the Servant went for 
 the Ale; but fome Hurry in the Houfe, which per- 
 haps, employed her otherways, put it out of het 
 Head ; and fhe went up no more to him, 
 
 2 ‘The 
 
 2 
 a 
 
 arene 
 
—— 4 
 
 36 MEMOIRS of 
 
 The next Morning feeing no Appearance of the 
 Gentleman, fome Body in the Houle asked the Se- 
 vant that had fhewed him up Stairs, what was be- 
 come of him? She flarted ; Alas fays the, I never 
 
 honght more of him: He bad me carry him fome 
 \le, but I forgot ; upon which, notthe Maid, 
 ut fome other Perfon, was fent up to fee after him, 
 who coming into the Room found him ftark dead, 
 and almoft cold, ftretch’d out crofs the Bed; his 
 Cloths were puiled off, his Jaw fallen, his Eyes open 
 inamolt frightful Pofture, the Rug of the Bed being 
 gtafped hard in one of his Hands; fo that it was plain 
 he died foon after the Maid left him, and’tis proba: 
 ble, had the gone up with the Ale, fhe had: found him 
 dead in a few Minutes after he fat down upon the 
 Bed. ‘The Alarm was great in the Houfe, as any 
 one may fuppofe, they having been free from the Dr 
 temper, till that Djafter, which bringing the Ink 
 ction to the Houle, fpread it immediately to othet 
 Houfes round about it. I donot remember how me 
 ny died in the Houfe/it felf, but Ithink the Maid 
 Servant, who went up firft with him, fell pre 
 fently il) by the Fright, and feveral others; for where 
 as there died but two in Ifingtou of the Plague the 
 Week before, there died 17 the Week after, whereo! 
 14 were of the Plague; this was in the Week from 
 > rith of Fuly to the 18th. 
 here was one Shift that fome Families had, and 
 that not a few, when their Houfes happened to be 
 infected, and that was this ; 'The Families, whoin the 
 firft breaking out of the Diftemper, fled away 10 
 to the Country, and- had Retreats amone theit 
 Friends, generally found fome or other of their Neigh: 
 bours or Relations to commit rhe Charge of thole 
 Houfes to, for the Safety of the Goods, and the like. 
 Some Honfts were indeed, entirely lock’d up, the 
 Doors padiockt, the Windows and Doors having 
 Deal- Boards nail'd over them, aud only the Infpeaion 
 of them ¢ommitted to the ordinary Watchmen and Pa 
 tith Officers ; but thefe were Jr few. It 
 
th PLAGUE a 
 
 It was thought that there were not lefs than 
 rocco Houfes “fo rfaken of the Inhabitants in the 
 City and Suburbs, including what was in the Cut 
 Parifhes, and in Surrey, or “the Side of the Water 
 they call’ a Southwark. This was befides the Numbers 
 of Lodgers, and of particular Perfons-who were 
 fled out of other Families ; fo that in all it was com- 
 puted that about 200000 People were fled and gone 
 ynall: But of this I fhall fpeak again: But I men- 
 tion it here on this Account, namely, that it was a 
 Rule with thofe who had thus two Houfes in their 
 Keeping, or Care, a} if any Body was taken fick in 
 a Family, before the Maft« r of the Family let the 
 Fxami ers, or any other Officer, know of it, heim- 
 mediately would fend all the reft of his Family w! 1€ 
 
 ther Children or Servants, as it fell out tobe, to Sach 
 other Houfe which he had fo in Charge, and then 
 giving Notice of the fick Perfon to the Examiner 
 have a Nurfe, or Nurfes appointed ; and have ano- 
 ther Perfon to be fhut up in the Honfe with them 
 (which many for Money would do ) fo to take 
 Charge of the Houfe, in cafe the Perfon fhould die. 
 
 This was in many Cafes the faving a whole Fa- 
 
 mily, who, if they had been fhut up with the fick 
 Perfon, would inevitably have perifhed : But on the 
 other Hand, this was another of the Inconveniencies 
 of {hutting up Houfes; for the Apprehenfions and 
 Terror of bane fhut up, made many run away with 
 the reft cf the Family, who, tho” it was not publick- 
 ly known, and they were not quite fick, had yet 
 the Diftemper upon them; and who by having an 
 uninterrupted Liberty to go about, but being oblig- 
 ed ftill to conceal their C ircumftances, or perh aus 
 not knowing it themfelves, gave the Diftemp 
 
 to others, and f{pread the Infeétion in a dread fal 
 Manner, as I fhall explain farther hereafter. 
 
 And here I may be able to make an Obfervation 
 or two of my own, which may be of ule hereafter to 
 
 thofe; into whofe Hands this may come, if they 
 sho ald ever fee the like dreadful Vifitation. ( 1.) The 
 
 G AS tn. 
 3; 4 ab 
 
wT, 
 88 MEMOIRS of 
 
 Infection generally came into the Houfes of the Ci- 
 tizens, by the Means of their Servants, who, they 
 were obliged to fend up and down the Streets for Ne- 
 ceflaries, that is to fay, for Food,or Phy fick, to Bake- 
 houfes, Brew-houfes, Shops, @c. and who going necef- 
 farily thro’ the Streets into Shops, Markets, and the 
 like, it was impoflible, but that they fhould one way 
 or other, meet with diftempered people, who con- 
 veyed the fatal Breath into them, and they brought 
 it Home to the Families, to which they belonged, 
 (2.) It was a great Miftake, that fuch a great City 
 as this had but one Peft-Houfe, for had there been, 
 inftead of one Peft-Houfe viz, beyond Bunbil-Fields, 
 where, at moft, they could receive, perhaps, 200 or 
 200 People ; Ifay, had there inftead of that one been 
 feveral Peft-houfes, every one able to contain a thou- 
 fand People without lying two in a Bed, or twoBeds 
 in a Room;and had every Mafter of a Family,as foon 
 as any Servant efpecially, had been taken fick in his 
 Houfe, been obliged to fend them to the next Peft- 
 Houfe, if they were willing, as many were, and had 
 the Examiners done the like among the poor People, 
 when any had been ftricken with the Infection ; I 
 fay, had this been done where the People were wil- 
 ling, (not otherwife) and the Houfes not been fhut, 
 fam perfwaded, and was all the While of that Opi- 
 nion, that not fo many, by feveral Thoufands, had 
 died ; for it was obferved, and I could give feveral 
 Inftances within the Compafs of my own Knowledge, 
 where a Servant had been taken fick, and the Family 
 had either Time to fend them out, or retire from 
 the Honfe, and leave the fick Perfon, as E have [aid 
 E above, they had all been preferved, whereas, when 
 Ss upon one, or more, fickning ina Family, the Houfe 
 has heen fhut up, the whole Family have perifhed, 
 and the Bearers been oblig’d to go in to fetch out 
 the Tead Bedies, none being able to bring them ta 
 the Door; and at laft none left to do it. 
 
 (2.) This put it out of Queftion to me, that the Cala- 
 
 | o~ mity 
 
es 
 th PLAGUE. 89 
 
 mity was {pread by Infeétion, that is to fay, by fome 
 certain Steams, or Fumes, which the Phyficiatis call 
 Efiuvia, by the Breath, or by the Sweat, or by the 
 Stench of the Sores of the fick Perfons, or fome other 
 way, perhaps, beyond even the Reach of the Phyfi- 
 cians themfelves, which Effuvia affe&ed the Sound, 
 who come within certain Diftances of the Sick, im- 
 mediately penetrating the Vital Parts of the faid 
 found Perfons, putting their Blood into an immediate 
 
 . ferment, and agitating their Spirits to that Degree 
 
 which it was found they were agitated, and fo thofe 
 
 | newly infected Perfons communicated it in the fame 
 , Mannerto others; and this I thall give fome Inftan- 
 
 ces of, that cannot but convince thofe who ferioufly 
 confider it; and I cannot but with fome Wonder, 
 
 - find fome People, now the Contagion is over, talk of 
 
 its being an immediate Stroke from Heaven, without 
 the Agency of Means, having Commiflion to ftrike 
 
 | this and that particular Perfon, and none other ; 
 - which Ilook upon with Contempt, as the Fed of 
 | Manifeft Ignorance and Enthufiafim ; likewife the 
 
 Opinion of others, who talk of infeétion being car- 
 tied on by the Air only, by carrying with it vaft 
 
 _ Numbers of Infeéts, and invifible Creatures, who en- 
 , fer Into the Body with the Breath, or even at the 
 _ Pores with the Air, and there generate, or emit moft 
 
 accute Poifons 
 
 ( , OF poifonous Ove, or Eggs, which 
 mingle themfelves with the Blood, and fo infe& the 
 Body; @ Difcourfe full of learned Simplicity, and 
 manifefted to be fo by univerfal Experience; but 
 I fhall fay more to this Cafe in its Order. 
 
 I muft here take farther Notice that Nothing was 
 More fatal to the Inhabitants of this City, than the 
 Supine Ne ligence of the People themfelves, who 
 during the ae Notice, or Warning they had of the 
 Vifitation, yet made no Provifion for it, by laying 
 I Store of Provifions, or of other Neceffaries ; by 
 Which they might have liv’d retir’d, and within 
 their own Houfes, as I have obferved, others ~ 
 
by 
 
 90 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 and who were ina great Meafure preferv’d by tht 
 Caution; nor were they, after they were a litt 
 hardened to it fofhye of converfing with one ane 
 ther, when actually infeéted, as they were at fil} 
 19 tho’ they knew it. 
 
 1 acknowledge I was one of thofe thoughtlefsOis 
 that had made fo little Provifion, that my Servati 
 were obliged to go out of Doors to buy every Til 
 by Penny and Half-penny, juft as before it beguy 
 even till my Experience {hewing me the Folly, | 
 began to be wifer fo late, that I had {carce Timeti 
 ftore my felf fufficient for our common Subliftene 
 for a Month. 
 
 I had in Family only an antient Woman, th 
 managed the Houfe, a Maid-Servant, two Appr 
 tices, and my felf; and the Plague beginning! 
 encreafe about us, I had many fad Thoughtsabot 
 what Courfe I fhould take, and how I fhould aj; 
 the many difmal Objects, which happened eva 
 where as I went about the Streets, had fillday 
 Mind with a great deal of Horror, for fear of theD! 
 fiemper it felf, which was indeed, very horribleit 
 it felf, and in fome more than in others, the {welling 
 which were generally in the Neck, or Grom, whet 
 they grew hard, and would not break, grew fo pat 
 fal. that it was equal to the moft exquifite To 
 ture; and fome not able to bear the Torment thre 
 themfelves out at Windows, or fhot themfelves,1 
 otherwife made themfelves away, and I faw {evan 
 difmal Objeéts of that Kind; Others unable toca 
 tain themfelves, vented their Pain by incellat 
 Roarings, and fuch lond and lamentable Cries wet 
 to be heard as we walk’d along the Streets, tht 
 would Pierce the very Heart to think of, efpeciall 
 when it was to be confidered, that the fame reat 
 ful Scourge might be expected every Moment? 
 feize upon our felves. 
 
 I cannot fay, but that nowI began to fait” 
 in my Refolutions, my Heart fail’d me very mle 
 
 4 
 al 
 
a 1 
 the PLAGUE ot 
 
 and forely I repented of my Rafhnefs : When I had 
 been out, and met with fuch terrible Things as thefe 
 I have talked of ; I fay, I repented my Rafhnels in 
 venturing to abide in Town: I wifh’d often, that I 
 had not taken upon me to flay, but had gone away 
 with my Brother and his Family. 
 
 _,_ Lerrified by thofe frightful Objects, I would retire 
 ;, Home fometimes, and refolve to go out no more, and 
 “perhaps, I would keep thofe Refolutions for three or 
 ,, four Days, which Time I {pent in the moft ferious 
 “Thankfulnefs for my Prefervation, and the Prefer- 
 "vation of my Family, and the conftant Confeflion of 
 my Sins, giving my felfup to God every Day, and 
 ‘applying to him with Fafting, Humiliation, and 
 “Meditation : Such intervals as Thad, I employed in 
 reading Books, and in writing down my Memoran- 
 Mdums of what occurred to me every Day, and out of 
 which, afterwards, I for moft of this Work as it 
 relates to my Obfervations without Doors: What I 
 Swrote of my private Meditations I referve f, f pri- 
 dvate Ufe, and defire it may not be made publick on 
 any Account whatever. 
 
 Talfo wrote other Meditations upon Divine Sub- 
 jects, fuch as occurred to me at that Time, and were 
 profitable to my felf, but not fit for any other View, 
 vand therefore I {ay no more of that. 
 
 I had a very good Friend, a Phyfician, whofe 
 Name was Heath,who I frequently vifited during this 
 /difmal Time, and to whofe Advice I was very much 
 
 oblig’d for many Things which he direéted me to 
 take, by way of preventing the Infection when I 
 ‘Went out, as he found I frequently did, and to hold 
 yin my Mouth when I was in the Streets; he alfo 
 came very often to fee me, and as he was a good 
 Chriftian, as well asa good Phyfician, his agreeable 
 Converfation was a very great Support to me in the 
 worft of this terribe Time. 
 
 It was now the Beginning of Auguft, and the 
 
 Plague grew very violent and terrible in the Place 
 wer 
 
ed 
 
 2 MEMOIRS of 
 1 and Dr. Heath coming to vifit me, and 
 
 where LIV a, ¢ i /I 
 
 t [ventured fo often out in the Streets 
 ‘iy perfwaded me to lock my felf up andmy 
 Fan and not to fuffer any of us to go out of 
 Doors; to keep all our Windows faft, Shutters and 
 Curtains clofe, and never to open them ; but fir 
 to make a very ftrong Smoke in the Room, wherethe 
 Window, or Door was to be opened, with Rozen and 
 Pitch, Brimftone, cr Gunpowder, and the like; ani 
 we did this for fome Time: But asI had not laidin 
 a Store of Provifion for fuch a retreat, it was impot 
 fible that we could keep within Doors entirely; 
 however, I attempted, tho’ it was fo very Jate, t 
 do fomething towards it , and firft, as I had Conve 
 nience both for Brewing and Baking, I went and 
 bought two Sacks of Meal, and for feveral Weeks 
 having an Oven, we baked all our own Bread ; alfol 
 
 bought Malt, and brew’d as much Beer as all the } 
 
 Casks I had would hold, and which feem’d enough 
 to ferve my Houfe for five or fix Weeks;alfo I laid n 
 a Quantity of Salt-butter and Chefbire Cheefe , but! 
 had no Flefh-meat, and the Plague raged fo violent 
 ly among the Butchers, and Slaughter-Houles, 00 
 the other Side of our Street, where they are known 
 to dwell in great Numbers, that it was notadvil 
 able, fo much as to go over the Street among, them. 
 ‘And here I mut obferve again, that this Necelle 
 ty of going out of our Houfes to buy Provifions, was 
 ina great Meafure the Ruin of the whole City, fot 
 the People catch’d the Diftemper, on thofe Occé 
 fions, one of another, and even the Provifions them 
 felves were often tainted, at leaft I have great Ree 
 fon to believe fo; and therefore I cannot fay with 
 Satisfaction what I know is repeated with great AP 
 farance, that the Market People, and fuch as brought 
 Provifions, to Town, were never infected ; 1 am ctr 
 tain, the Butchers of V1 bite-Chapel where the greatell 
 Part of the Flefh-meat was killed, were dreadfulty 
 vifited, and that at laft to fuch a Degree, that > 
 0 
 
  —_ 
 : 
 
| the PLAGUE. oF 
 
 » of their Shops were kept open, and thofe thar re- 
 main dof them, kill’d their Meat at Mile-End, and 
 that Way, and brought it to Market upon Horfes. 
 
 However, the poor People cou’d notlay up Provi- 
 fions, and there was aneceffity, that they muft go 
 ‘to Market to buy, and others to fend Servants or their 
 ‘Children; and as this was a Neceflity which re- 
 new'd it felf daily; it brought abundance of un- 
 found People to the Markets, and a great many 
 ‘that went thither Sound, brought Death Home with 
 ‘them. 
 
 "Te is true, People us’d all poffible Precaution, 
 t'when any one bought a Joint of Meat in the Marker, 
 W8ithey would not take it of the Butchers Hand, but 
 Iwtake it off of the Hooks themfelves. On the other 
 IHand, the Butcher would not touch the Money, 
 abut have it putintoa Pot full of Vinegar which he 
 kept for that purpofe. The Buyer carry’d always 
 j{mall Money to make up any odd Sum, that they 
 might take no Change. They carry’d Bottles for 
 Scents, and Perfumes in their Hands, and all the 
 ,Means that could be us’d, were us’d : But then the 
 Poor cou’d not do even thefe things, and they went 
 wat all Hazards. 
 
 ‘@ Innumerable difmal Stories we heard every Day 
 on this very Account: Sometimes 2 Man or Wo- 
 sman dropt down Dead in the very Markets; tor ma- 
 apy People that had the Plague upon them, knew no- 
 cg thing of it; till the inward Gangreen had affefted 
 y¢their Vitals and they dy’d in a few Moments; 
 4j this caus‘d, that many died frequently in that Man- 
 i ner in the Streets fuddainly, withour any warning : 
 Others perhaps had Fime to go to the next Bulk ot 
 +, Stall; or to any Door, Porch, and juft fic dowm and 
 ,. die, aS I have faid before. 
 
 Thefe Obje&ts were fo frequent in the Srreets, 
 ,that when the Plague came to be very raging, On 
 ,one Side, there was {carce any paffing by the Streets, 
 but that feveral dead Bodies would be lying here 
 : and 
 ie ~—~ 
 
 a = 
 
— 
 
 94 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 and there upon the Ground; on the other hand it isobs 
 fervable, that tho’ at firft, che People would ftop as they 
 went along, and call to the Neighbours to come outa 
 fach an Occafion; yet, afterward, no Notice wast 
 ken of chem ; but that, ifat any Time we found a Corps 
 lying, go crofs the Way, and not come neat it; of 
 fin a narrow Lane or Paflage, go back again, and 
 feck fome other Way to go on the Bufinefs we wer 
 upon; and in thofe Cafes, the Corps was always left, 
 till the Officers had notice, to come and take them 
 away ; or till Night, when the Bearers attending the 
 Dead-Cart would take them up, and carry theme 
 way: Nor did thofe undaunted Creatures, who per 
 formed thefe Offices, fail to fearch their Pockets, 
 and fometimes {trip off their Cloths, if they wer 
 well dreft, as fometimes they were, and carty of 
 what they could get. 
 
 But to return to the Markets; the Butchers took 
 that Care, thar ifany Perfon dy’d in the Market, they 
 had the Officers always at Hand, to take them up 
 upon Hand-barrows, and carry them to the next 
 Church-Yard ; and this was fo frequent that fuch 
 
 were not entred in the weekly Bill, found Dead in the | 
 Streets or Fields, as is the Cafe now ; but they went | 
 
 into the general Articles of the great Diftemper. 
 But now the Fury of the Diftemper encreafed to 
 {uch a Degree, that even the Markets were but very 
 thinly furnithed with Provifions, or frequented with 
 Buyers, compair’d to what they were before ; auld 
 the Lord-Mayor caufed the Country-People who 
 brought Provifions, to be ftop’d in the Streets leat 
 ing into the Town, and to fit down there with thet 
 Goods, where they fold what they brought, amd 
 went immediately away; and this Encourag’d the 
 Country People greatly to do fo, for they fold theit 
 Provifions at the very Entrances into the Town, 
 and even in the Fields; as particularly in the Fields 
 beyond White-Chappel, in Spittle fields. Notes Thofe 
 Streets now called Spittle-Fields, were then indeed oa 
 Fields: 
 
 oa 
 
~~ 
 the P LAA-G Usk, 9 
 
 lal Fields: Alfo in St. George’s-fieldsin Southwork, in Bun 
 
 4 “i 
 \Hill Fields, and ina great Field, call’d Wood’s-Clof; 
 near Jflington; thither the Lord-Mayor, Aldermen, 
 tiand Magiltrates, fent their Officersand Servants to 
 wibuy for their Families, themfelves keeping within 
 }Doors as much as poffible ; and the like did many 
 nother People ; and after this Method was taken, the 
 Country People came with great chearfulnefs, and 
 ybrought Provifions of all Sorts, and very feldom got 
 jany harm; which I fuppofe, added alfo to that Re- 
 uj port: of their being Miraculoufly preferv’d. 
 wy; As for my little Family, having thus as I have 
 faid, laid in a Store of Bread, Butter, Cheefe, and 
 iBeer, I took my Friend and Phyfician’s Advice, and 
 
 iplock'd my felfup, and my Family, and refolv’d to 
 i fufter the hardthip of Living a few Mouths without 
 
 Fliedh-Meat, ratherthan to purchafe it at the ha- 
 zard ot our Lives. 
 > >a ‘ 1 - 
 
 yi But tho I confin'd my Family, I could not prevail 
 jp#pon my unfatisfy’d Curiofity to ftay within entirely 
 «my felf ; and tho’ I generally came frighted and ter- 
 ytitied Home, yet I cou’d not reftrain; only that in- 
 py deed, I did not do it fo frequently as at firtt. 
 I had fome little Obligations indeed upon me, to 
 ..g0 tomy Brothers Houfe, which was in Coleman’s- 
 aftveet Parith, and which he had left to my Care, and 
 "1 went at firft every Day, but afterwards only once, 
 Or twice a Week 
 , 4m thefe Walks I had many difmal Scenes before 
 ~» my Eyes,as particularly of Perfons falling dead in the 
 
 Streets, terrible Shrieks and Skreekings of Women, 
 , Who in their Agonies would throw open their Cham- 
 ', ber Windows, and cry out in a difmal Surprifing 
 Manner; it is impotlible to defcribe the Variety of 
 ;, Poftures, in which the Pajflions of the Poor People 
 
 would Exprefs themfelves. 
 
 Pafling thro’ Token-Houfe-Yard in Lothbury, of a 
  fudden a Cafement violently opened juft over my 
 ', Head, and a Woman gave three frightful ssecschns 
 f and 
 
Cf 
 96 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 and then cry’d, Ob! Death, Death, Death! in a molt 
 inimitable Tone, and which ftruck me with Horror 
 and a Chilnefs, in my very Blood. “Chere was no 
 Body to be feen in the whole Street, neither did 
 any other Window open ; for People had no Cutio: 
 fity now in any Cafe; nor could any Body helpon 
 another; fol went on to pafs into Bell-Alley. 
 
 Ju in Bell-Alley, on the right Hand of the Pat 
 fage, there was a more terrible Cry than that, thi 
 it was not fo directed out at the Window, but th 
 whole Family was in a terrible Fright, and I could 
 hear Women and Children run skreaming about the 
 Rooms like diftracted, when a Garret Window open 
 ed, and fome body from a Window on the other Side 
 the Alley, call'd and ask’d, What is the Matter? up 
 on which, from the firft Window it was anfwerel, 
 O Lord, my Old Mafter has hang’d himfelf ! The other 
 ask’d again, Is he quite dead ? and the firft anfwerl, 
 Ay, ay, quite dead ; quite dead and cold! This Perlon 
 was a Merchant, and a Deputy Alderman, and vay 
 rich. I care not to mention the Name, tho’ I knew 
 his Name too, but that would be an Hardfhip to 
 the Family, which is now flourifhing again. 
 
 But, this is but one; it is fcarce credible whit 
 dreadful Cafes happened in particular Families eve 
 ry Day; People in the Rage of the Diftemper, 4 
 in the Torment of their Swellings, which was indeel 
 intollerable, running out of their own Government, 
 raving and diftracted, and oftentimes layin vio 
 lent Hands upon themfelves, throwing themielvss 
 out at their Windows, fhooting themfelves, @c, Mr 
 thers murthering their own Children, in their Lun 
 cy, fome dying of meer Grief, as a Paflion, fomed! 
 meer Fright and Surprize, without any Infection # 
 all; others frighted into Idiotifm, and foolifh Dr 
 ftractions, fome into difpair and Lunacy ; others it 
 to mellancholy Madnefs. | 
 
 The Pain of the Swelling was in particular vety 
 
 violent, and to fome intollerable; the Phy ficial 
 ay 
 
— 
 the PLAGUE, 97 
 
 and Surgeons may be {aid to have tortured maz 
 ny poor Creatures, even to Death. The Swel] 
 lings in fome grew hard, and they apply’d violent 
 drawing Plafters, or Pultices, to break them ; and 
 if thefe did not do, they cutand {carified them ina 
 terrible Manner: In fome, thofe Swellings were 
 made hard, partly by the Force of the Diitemper, 
 and partly by their being too violently drawn, and 
 were fo hard, that no Infirument could cut them, 
 and then they burnt them with Caufticks, fo that 
 many died raving mad with the Torment ; and 
 fome in the very Operation. In thefe Niftreffes, 
 fome for want of Help to hold them down in their 
 Beds, or to look to them, laid Hands upon them- 
 felves, asabove. Some broke out into the Streets, 
 perhaps naked, and would run dire&tly down to 
 the River, ifthey were not ftopt by the Watchmen, 
 or other Officers, and plunge themfelves into the 
 Water, wherever they found it. 
 
 It often pierc’d my very Soul to hear the Groans 
 and Crys of thofe who were thus tormented, but of 
 the Two, this was counted the moft promifing Parti- 
 cular in the whole Infeétion , for, if thefe Swellings 
 could be brought toa Head, and to break and run, 
 or as the Surgeons call it, to digeft, the Patient ge- 
 nerally recover’d , whereas thofe, who like the Gen- 
 tlewoman’s Daughter, were ftruck with Death at 
 the Beginning, and had the Tokens come out upon 
 them, often went about indifferent eafy, till a lit- 
 tle before they died, and fome till the Moment they 
 dropt down, as in Appoplexies and Epelepfies, is of 
 ten the Cafe; fuch would be taken fuddenly ve- 
 ry fick, and would run toz Bench or Bulk, or any 
 convenient Place that offer’d it felf, or to their own 
 Moufes, if poflible, as I mentioned before, and there 
 fit down,grow faint and die. This kind of dyingwas 
 much the fame, as it was with thofe who die of & m- 
 mon Mortifications, who die fwoonivg, and as it 
 were, go away in a Dream; fuch as died thus, had 
 
 H very 
 
98 MEMOIRS of 
 
 very little Notice of their being infefted at all, till 
 the Gangreen was fpread thro’ their whole Body ; 
 nor could Phyficians themfelves, know certainly 
 how it was with them, till they opened their Breatts, 
 or other Parts of their Body, and faw the Tokens. 
 
 We had at this Time a great many frightful Sto- 
 ries told us of Nurfes and Watchmen, who looked 
 after the dying People, that 1s to fay, hird Nurfes, 
 who peat Ke infeéted People, ufing them barbaroul 
 ly, ftarving them {mothering them, or by other 
 wicked Means, haftening their End, that is to fay, 
 murthering of them : And Watchmen being fet 
 to guard Houfes that were {hut up, when there has 
 been but one perfon left, and perhaps, that one ly- 
 ing fick, that they have broke in and murthered 
 that Body, and immediately thrown them out into 
 the Dead-Cart | and fo they have gone farce cold 
 to the Grave. 
 
 I cannot fay, but that fome fuch Murchers were 
 committed, and I think two were fent to Prifon fot 
 it, but died before they could be try’d; and I have 
 heard that three others, at feveral Times, were er 
 cused for Murthers of that kind; but I mutt fayl 
 believe nothing of its being fo common a Crime, 4 
 fome have fince been pleas’d to fay, nor did it feem 
 to be {0 rational, where the People were brought fo 
 low as not to be able to help themfelves, for fuch 
 feldom recovered, and there was no Temptation to 
 commit a Murder, at leaft, none equal to the Fatt 
 where they were fure Perfons would die in fo fhott 
 a Time; and could not live. 
 
 That there were a great many Robberies and 
 wicked Practifes committed even in this dreadful 
 Time I donot deny ; the Power of Avarice was? | 
 ftrong in fome, that they would run any Hazard to 
 Seal and to plunder, and particularly im Hones 
 where all the Families, or Inhabitants have been 
 dead, and casried out, they would break inat al 
 rds, and without Regasd to the Danger of Ix 
 
 fection, 
 
 > 
 
th PLAGUE. 99 
 
 fection, take even the Cloths off, of the dead Rodi 
 and the Bed-cloaths from others where they lay dea: 
 
 This, I fuppofe, muft be the Cafe of a Family i 
 Houndfditch, where a Man and his Daughter, the 
 reft of the Family being, as I fuppofe, carried away be- 
 fore by the Dead-Cart, were found ftark naked, one 
 in one Chamber, and one in another, lying Dead on 
 the Floor; and the Cloths of the Beds, from whence, 
 tis fuppofed they were roll’d off by Thieves, ftoln, 
 
 and carried quite away. 
 
 It is indeed to be obferv’d, that the Women were 
 in all this Calamity, the moft rafh, fearle fs, and defs 
 perate Creatures ; and as there were vaft Numbers 
 that went about as Nurfes, to tend thofe that were 
 fick, they committed a great many petty Thieve- 
 ries in the Houfes where they were employed ; and 
 fome of them were publickly whipt for it, when 
 perhaps, they ought rather to have been hanged. 
 for Examples ; for Numbers of Houfes were robbed 
 on thefe Occafions, till at length, the Parifh Of 
 ficers were fent to recommend Nurfes to the Sick, 
 and always took an Account who it was they fent, 
 fo as that they might call them to account, if the 
 Houfe had been abufed where they were placed. 
 
 But thefe Robberies extended chiefly to Wearing- 
 Cloths, Linen, and what Rings, or Money they could 
 come at, when the Perfon dyed who was under their 
 Care, but not toa general Plunder of the Houfes ; 
 and I could give an Account of one of thefe Nurfes, 
 who feveral Years after. being on her Death-bed, 
 confeft with the utmoft Horror, the Robberries fhe 
 had committed at the Time of her being a Nurfe, 
 and by which fhe had enriched her felf toa great 
 Degree: But as for murt! ers, I do not find that 
 there was ever any Proof of the Facts, in the man- 
 ner, as it has been reported, except as above. — 
 
 They did tell me indeed of a Nurfe in one 
 Place, that laid a wet Cloth upon the Face of a dys 
 ing Patient, who fhe tended, and fo putan End 
 
 H 2 to 
 
 es 
 
100 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 to his Life, who was juft expiring before: And another 
 that fmother’d a young Woman fhe was looking to, 
 when fhe was in a fainting fit, and would have come 
 to her felf: Some that kill’d them by giving them 
 one Thing, fome another, and fome ftarved them by 
 giving them nothing at all: But thefe Stories had two 
 Marks of Sufpicion that always atrended them, which 
 caufed me always to flight them, and to look on them 
 as meer Stories, that People continually frighted one 
 another with. (1.) That wherever it was that we 
 heard it, they always placed the Scene at the far 
 ther End of the Town, oppofite, or molt remote 
 from where you were to hear it : If-you heard it in 
 White-Chapel, it had happened at St. Giles’s, or at 
 Weftminfier, or Holborn, or that End of the Town; 
 if you heard of it at that End of the Town, thet 
 it was done in White-Chapel, or the A4iuories, or about 
 Cripplegate Parith: If you heard of it in the City; 
 why, then it had happened in Southwark ; and if you 
 heard of it in Southwark, then it was done in the City, 
 and the like. 
 
 In the next Place, of what Part foever you heard 
 the Srory, the Particulars were always the fame, elpe 
 cially that of laying a wet double Clout on a dying 
 Man’s Face, and that of {mothering a young Gentle 
 woman; {o that it was apparent, at leaft to my Judg 
 ment, that there was more of Tale than of Truth in 
 thofe Things. 
 
 However, I cannot fay, but it had fome Effe& up 
 on the People, and particnlarly that, as I faid e 
 fore, they grew more cautious who they took into 
 their Houfes, and who they trufted their Lives with; 
 and had them always recommended, if they could; 
 and where they could not find fuch, for they wett 
 not very plenty, they applied to the Parish Of 
 ficers. 
 
 But here again, the Mifery of that Time lay po 
 the Poor, who being infected, had neither Food o 
 Phyfick 5 neither Phyfician or Appothecary to affit 
 
 them 
 
Ris 
 the PLAGUE. IOI 
 
 them, or Nurfe to attend them : Many of thofe died 
 calling for help, and even for Suftenance out at their 
 Windows, in a moft miferable and deplorable man- 
 ner; but it muft be added, that when ever the Ca- 
 fes of {uch Perfons or Families, were reprefented to 
 my Lord-Mayor, they always were reliev’d. 
 
 Ic is true, in fome Houfes where the People were 
 not very poor; yet, where they had fent perhaps 
 their Wives and Children away ; and if they had any 
 Servants, they had been difmift ; I fay it is true, that 
 to fave the Expences, many fuch as thefe fhut 
 themfelves in, and not having Help, dy’d alone. 
 
 A Neighbour and. Acquaintance of mine, having 
 fome Money owing to him from a Shopkeeper in 
 White Crofs ftreet, or there abouts, fent his Appren- 
 tice, a youth about18 Years of Age, to endeavour 
 to get the Money: He came to the Doot, and find- 
 ing it dhut, knockt pretty hard, and as he thought, 
 heard fome Body anfwer within, but was not fure, 
 So he waited, and after fome ftay knockt again, and 
 then a third Time, when he heard fome Body com- 
 ing down Stairs. 
 
 At length the Man of the Houfe came to the Door ; 
 he had on his Breeches or Drawers, and a yellow 
 Flannel Waftcoat; no Stockings, a pair of Slipt-Shoes, 
 a white Cap on his head; and as the young Man 
 faid, Death in his Face. 
 
 When he open’d the Door, fays he, what do you 
 
 difturb me thus for? the Boy, tho’ a little furpriz’d, re- 
 ply’d, J come from Such a one, and my Mafier [ent me 
 Jor the Money, which he fays you know of: Very well 
 Child, returns the living Ghoft, call as you go by at 
 Cripplegate Church, and bid them ving the Bell, and with 
 thofe Words, thet the Door again, and went up a- 
 gain and Dy’d, The fame Day ; nay, perhaps the 
 fame Hour: This, the young Man told me himéelf, 
 and Ihave Reafon to believe it. This was while 
 the Plague was not come to a Height : I think it 
 was in Fuze; Towards the latter End of the Month, 
 
 H 3 / we 
 
102 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 it muft be before the Dead Carts came about, and 
 while they ufed the Ceremony of Ringing the Bell 
 for the Dead, which was over for certain, in that Pa- 
 rifh at leaft, before the Month of “uly ; for by the 
 25th of Fuly, there died 550 and upward in a Week, 
 and then they cou’d ho more bury in Form, Rich or 
 Poor. 
 
 1 have mention’d above, that notwithftanding this 
 dreadful Calamity ; yet the Numbers of Thieves 
 were abroad upon all Occafions, where they had 
 found any Prey; and that thefe were generally Wo- 
 men. It was one Morning about 11a Clock, I 
 had watk’d out to my Brothers Houfe in Coleman's 
 fireet Parith, as I often did, to fee that all was Sale. 
 
 My Brether’s Houfe had a little Court be 
 fore it, anda Brick-Wall with a Gare in it; and 
 within that, feveral Wareshoufes, where his Goods 
 of feveral Sortslay: It happen’d, that in one of thele 
 Ware-houfes, were feveral Packs of Womens high 
 Crown’d Hats, which came out of the Country ; and 
 were, as] fuppofe, for Exportation ; whither 1 know 
 not. 
 
 1 was furpriz’d that whenI came near my Brother's 
 Door, which was in a Place they call’d Swan-Aly, 
 I met;three or four Women with High-crown’d Hats 
 ontheir Heads; and as I remembred afterwards, 
 one, if not more, had fome Hats likewife in theit 
 Hands: but as I did not fee them come out at my 
 Brother’s Door, and not knowing that my Brothet 
 had any fuch Goods in his Ware-houfe, 1 did not 
 ofer to fay any Thing to them, but went crofs the 
 Way to fhun meeting them, as was ufual to doat 
 that Time, for fear of the Plague. But when1 came 
 nearer ta the Gate, I met another Woman with 
 more Hats come out of the Gate. Zhat Buje 
 Miftrefs, faid 1, have you bad there? There are mote 
 People there, faid fhe, I have had no more Buf: 
 nefsthere than they. I was hafty to get to the Gate 
 then, and faid no more to her; by which means ihe 
 
 got 
 
- — 
 
 the PLAGUE. 103 
 got away. But juft as I came to the Gate, I 
 faw two more coming crofs the Yard to come out 
 with Hats alfo on their Heads, and under their 
 Arms; at which I threw the Gate toobehind me, 
 which having a Spring Lock faftened it felf; and 
 turning to the Women, forfooth faid I, what are 
 ye doing here? and feiz’d upon the Hats, and took 
 them from them. One of them, who I confefs, 
 did not look like a Thief. Indeed fays fhe, we are 
 wrong; but we were told, they were Goods that 
 had no Owner ; be pleas’d to take them again, and 
 look yonder, there are more fuch Cuftomers as. we : 
 She cry’d and look’d pitifully; fo I took the Hats 
 from her, and opened the Gate, and bad them be 
 gone, for I pity’d the Women indeed; But when I 
 look’d towards the Ware-houfe, as fhe direG&ed, 
 there were fix or feven more all, Women, fitting them- 
 felves with Hats, as unconcerned and quiet, as if 
 they had been at a Hatters Shop, buying for their 
 Money. 
 
 I was furpriz’d, not at the Sight of fo many Thieves 
 only, but at the Circumftances I was in; being now 
 to thruft my felf in among fo many People, who for 
 fome Weeks, had been fo thye of my felf, that if I met 
 any Body in the Street, I would crofs the Way 
 from them. 
 
 They were equally furpriz’d, tho’ on another Ac- 
 count: They all told me¢, they were Neighbours, 
 that they had heard any one might take them, that 
 they were no Bodies Goods, and the like. I talk’t 
 big tothem at firft; went back to the Gate, and 
 took out the Key; fothat they were all my Prifce 
 ners; threaten’d to Lock them all into the Ware- 
 houfe, and go and fetch my Lord Mayor's Officers 
 for them, 
 
 They beg'd heartily, protefted they found the 
 Gate open, and the Ware-houfe Door open; and 
 that it had no doubt been broken open by fome, 
 who expeéted to find Goods of greater Value ; 
 
 H4 hich 
 
104. MEMOIRS of 
 
 which indeed, was reafonable to believe, becanfe the 
 Lock was broke, and a Padlock that hung tothe 
 Door onthe our-fide alfo loofe ; and not abundance 
 of the Hats carry’d away. 
 
 Ac length I confider'd, that this was not a Time 
 to be Cruel and Rigorous; and befides that, it 
 would neceflarily oblige me to go much about, to 
 have feveral People come to me, andI goto feveral, 
 whofe Circumftances of Health, I knew nothing of; 
 and that even, at this Time the Plague was fo high, 
 asthat there dy’d 4000 a Week ; fothat in fhiowing 
 my Refencment, or even in fecking Juftice for my 
 Brother’s Goods, I might lofe my own Life; fol 
 contented my felf, wich taking the Names and Places 
 where fome of them lived, who were really Inhabi- 
 tants in the Neighbourhood; and threatning that 
 my Brother fhould call them to an Account for it, 
 when he return’d to his Habitation. 
 
 Theo I tatk’d a little upon another Foot with 
 them ; and ask’d them how they could do fuch Things 
 as thefe, ina Time of fuch general Calamity ; and 
 as it were, in the Face of Gods moft dreadful Judg- 
 ments, when the Plague was at their very Doors; 
 and it may be in their very Houfes; and they did not 
 know, byt that the Dead-Cart might ftop at theit 
 Doors in a few Hours, to carry them to their Graves. 
 
 Icon’d not perceive that my Difcourfe made much 
 Tmpreffion upon them al! that while; till ic happened, 
 that there came two Men of the Neighbourhood, 
 hearing of the Difturbance, and knowing my Brother 
 for they had been both dependants upon his Family, 
 and they came to my Affiftance: Thefe being asl 
 faid Neighbours, prefently knew three of the Wo- 
 men, and told me who they were, and where they 
 liv’d 5 and it feems, they had given me a true Account 
 of themfelves before. © 
 
 This brings thefe two Mento a farther Remem-_ 
 brance: The Name of one was Jobe Hayward, who 
 was at that Time under-Sexton, of the Parith of St. 
 
 Stephen 
 
= 
 the PLAGUE Io5 
 
 v Stephen Coleman-ftreet; by under Sexton, was under- 
 8! ftood at thac Time Grave-digger and Bearer of the 
 (Dead. [his Man carry’d or affifted to carry 
 al] the Dead to their Graves, which were bury’d 
 in that large Parifh, and who were carried in Form; 
 “tt and after that Form of Burying was ftopt, went with 
 ‘ti the Dead Cart and the Beil, to fetch the dead Bodies 
 ' from the Houfes where they lay, and fetch’d many 
 Wi “of them out of the Chambers and Houfes ; for the 
 "i Parifh was, and is ftill remarkable, particularly above 
 ‘tis all the Parifhes in London, for a great Number of Al= 
 ltt leys, and Thorough fares very long,into which no Carts 
 ls; cou’d come, and where they were oblig’d to go and 
 sail fetch the Bodies a very long Way; which Alleys now 
 ‘lye remain to WitnefS it; fuch as Whites-Alley, Crofs-Key- 
 iin Court, Swan-Alley, Bell- Alley, White- Horfe- Alley, and 
 i many more: Here they went with a kind of Hand- 
 Barrow, and lay’d the Dead Bodies on it, and car- 
 | ry’d them ont to the Carts; which work he perform- 
 id! ed, and never had the Diftemper at all, but liv’d 
 above 20 Year after it, and was Sexton of the Parith 
 i) to the Time of his Death. His Wife at the fame, time 
 | was a Nurfe to infe&ed People, and tended many 
 j that died in the Parith, being for her honefty recom- 
 , mended by che Parif Officers, yet the never was in- 
 ry fected neither. 
 He never ufed any Prefervative againft the Infe@i- 
 , ON, Other than holding Garlick and Rue in his Mouth, 
 and {moaking ‘Tobacco; this T alfo had from his 
 jy Own Month; and his Wife’s Remedy was wathing 
 ., her Head in Vinegar, and {prinkling her _Head-Cloths 
 4 0 with Vinegar, as to keep them always Moift; and 
 yi Hf the fmell of any of thofethe waitd on was more 
 1, than ordinary Offenfive, the fnuft Vinegar up her 
 jy Nofe, and {prinkled Vinegar upon her Head-Cloths, 
 ~ and helda Handkerchief weted with Vinegar to her 
 . Mouth. 
 It muft be confeft, that tho” the Plague was chief- 
 ly among the Poor; yet, were the Poor the moft 
 
106 ‘MA moiRs of 
 
 Venturous and Fearlefs of it, and went about their 
 Employment, with a Sort of brutal Courage ; I mul 
 call it fo, for it was founded neither on Religion of 
 Prudence ; {carfe did they ufe any Caution, but run 
 into any Bufinefs, which they conld get Employment 
 in, tho’ it was the moft hazardous ; fuch was that of 
 tending the Sick, watching Houfes fhut up, carrying 
 infected Perfons to the Peft-Houfe; and which was 
 {till worfe, carrying the Dead away to their Graves 
 
 It was under this Yohn Haywara’s Care, and within 
 his Bounds, that the Story of the Piper, with which 
 People have made themfelvesfo merry, happen’d, and 
 he aflut’d me that it was true. Itis faid, that it was 
 a blind Piper; but as Fobu told me, the Fellow was 
 not blind, but an ignorant weak poor Man, and ufua- 
 ly walked his Rounds about ro @ Clock at Night, 
 and went piping along from Door to Door, and the 
 People ufually took him in at Public Houfes wher 
 they knew him, and would give him Drink and Vid 
 uals, and fometimes Farthings; and he in Retutt, 
 would Pipe and Sing, and _ talk fimply, which divett 
 ed the People, and thus he liv’d: It was but 4 ¥4) 
 bad Time for this Diverfion, while Things wert ® 
 I have told ; yet the poor Fellow went about as ufual 
 but was almoft flarv'd; and when any Body ask 
 how he did, he would anfwer, the Dead Cart hit 
 not taken him yet, but that they had promifed rocall 
 for him next Week- 
 
 It happen’d one Night, that this poor Fellow, wht 
 whether fome body had given him too much Drinkot 
 no, ‘fon Hayward faid, he had not Drink inhis 
 Houle ; but that they had given him a little more Vie: 
 ais than ordinary at a Public Houfe in Coleman: fires 
 atid the poor Feilow having not ufually had a Belly 
 full, or perhaps nota good while, was laid all along 
 upon the Top of a Bulk or Stall, and fafta fleep ata 
 Door, in the Street near London-W7all, tawards Cripple 
 
 gat 
 
 —~ 
 
—— 
 a the PLAGUE. 107 
 
 ‘nig, gate, and that upon the fame Bulk or Stail!, the Peo- 
 ‘ak ple of fome Houfe, in the Alley of which the Houfe 
 ‘uty, Was a Corner, hearing a Bell, which they always 
 gil, Kung before the Cart came, had laid a Body really 
 jy dead of the Plague juft by him, thinking too, that 
 it; this poor Fellow had been a dead Body as the other 
 iy Was, and laid there by fome of the Neighbours. 
 ui) . Accordingly when Yohu Hayward with his Bell and 
 Cie, the Cart came along, finding two dead Bodies lie up- 
 », on the Stall they took them up with the Inftrument 
 le they ufed, and threw them into the Cart; and ail 
 |, this while the Piper flept foundly. 
 4 . From hence they pafled along, and took in o- 
 y,,ther dead Bodies, till, as honeft Sohn Hayward told 
 ,,me, they almoft burried him alive, in the Cart, 
 _ yet all this While he flept foundly ; at length the 
 _ Cart came to the Place where the Bodies were ro be 
 _thrown into the Ground, which, as I do remember, 
 , Was at Mount-mill; and as the Cart ufually ftopt fome 
 ' Time before they were ready to fhoot out the melan- 
 i cholly Load they had in it, as (oon as the Cart ftop’d, 
 M the Fellow awaked, and ftruggled a little to get his 
 Th’ Head out from among the dead Bodies, when raifing 
 ti himfelf up in the Cart, he called out, Hey! where am 
 i)" I? This frighted the Fellow that attended about the 
 Di! Work, but after fome Paufe Fohn Hayward recov ering 
 mt himfelff{aid, Lord blefs us. There’s fome Body in the Cart 
 _, uot quite dead ! So another call’d to him and faid, Who 
 “are you? the Fellow anfwered, I am the poor Piper. 
 * Where am I? Where are you! {ays Hayward : why, you 
 are in the Dead-Cart, and we are a-going to bury you. But 
 ik® I an’t dead tho’, am [2 fays the Piper; which made 
 08 them laugh a little, tho’ as Yohu faid, they were hear 
  tily frighted at firft ; fo they help’d the poor Fellow 
 ‘ down, and he went about his Bufinefs. 
 I know the Story goes, he fet up his Pipes in the 
 ) Cart, and frighted the Bearers, and others, fo that 
 they ran away ; but Yohnu Hayward did not tell the 
 Story fo, nor fay any Thing of his Piping at all; but 
 
“108 wz MOLRS of 
 
 that he was a poor Piper, and that he was cared 
 away as above I am fully {atisfied of the Truth of 
 
 It is to be noted here, that the Dead Carts in th 
 City were not not confin’d to particular Parithes, but 
 one Cart went thro’ feveral Parifhes, according as th 
 Numbers of Dead prefented ; nor were they ty dto 
 carry the Dead to their refpeGive Parithes, burme 
 ny of the Dead, taken up in the City, were cattied 
 to the Burying-Ground in the Out-parts, for watt 
 of Room. 
 
 I have already mentioned the Surprize, that this 
 Judgment was at firlt among the People, I mul 
 be allowed to give fome of my Obfervations on the 
 more ferious and religious Part. Surely never Gif), 
 at leaft, of this Bulk and Magnicude, was takenii 
 a Condition fo perfeétly unprepar’d for (uch a dreat 
 ful Vifitation, whether I am to {peak of the Ciil 
 Preparations, or Religious ; they were indeed, # 
 if they had had no Warning, no Expe@ation, no Ap 
 prehenfions, and confequently the leaft Provifion im 
 ginable, was made for it ina publick Way; for Er 
 ample, 
 
 The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs had made no Pir 
 vilion as Magiftrates, for the Regulations | whith 
 were to be obferved; they had gone into no Met 
 fures for Relief of the Poor. 
 
 The Citizens had no publick Magazines, or Stott 
 Houles ior Corn, or Meal, for the Subfiftence of the 
 Poor; which, if they had provided themfelves, a8l2 
 fuch Cafes is done abroad, many miferable Families 
 who were now redue’d to the utmoft Diftrefs, would 
 have been reliev’d, and that ina better Manner, thal 
 now could be done. 
 
 The Stock of the City’s Money, I can fay but litile 
 
 to, the Chamber of Loudon was {aid to be exceeding 
 rich; and it may be concluded, that they were 0, 
 by the vaft Sums of Money iffaed from thence, inthe 
 re-building the publick Edifices after the Fire of a» 
 don, and in Building new Works, fuch as, fot “A 
 - t 
 
th PLAGUE. beg 
 
 lect Part, the Guild: Hail, Blackwell-Hall, Part of Lea- 
 ityden- Hall, Half the Exchange, the Seffion-Houfe, the C omp- 
 iter ; the Prifons of Ludgate, Newgate, @c. feveral of the 
 Wharfs, and Stairs, and Landing-places on the Ri- 
 wer; all which were either burnt down or damaged 
 iby the great Fire of London, the next Year after the 
 Plague; and of the fecond Sort, the Monument, Fileet- 
 ditch with its Bridges, aud the Hofpital of Bethlem, or 
 Bedlam, &c. Bur poflibly the Managers of the City’s 
 , Credit, at that Time, made more Confcience of break- 
 “ing in upon the Orphan’s Money; to thew Charity 
 pt the diftrefs’d Citizens, than the Managers in the 
 , following Yeats did, to beautify the City, and re- 
 ‘edify the Buildings, tho’ in the firft Cafe, the Lofers 
 would have thought their Fortunes better beftow’d, 
 ‘and the Publick Faith of the City have been lefs fub- 
 jeGed to Scandal and Reproach. 
 
 It muft be acknowledg’d that the abfent Citizens, 
 “who, tho’ they were fled for Safety into the Coun- 
 try, were yet greatly interefted inthe Welfare of thofe 
 who they left behind, forgot not to contribute li- 
 "berally to the Relief of the Poor, and large Sums 
 were alfo collected among Trading-Towns in the re- 
 moteit Parts of of England; and as have heard alfo, 
 “’ the Nobility and the Gentry, in all Parts of England, 
 "took the deplorable Condition of the City into their 
 i Confideration, and fent up large Sums of Money in 
 
 Charity, to the Lord Mayor and Magiftrates, for 
 the Relief of the Poor; the King alfo, as I was told, 
 ordered a thonfand Pounds a Week to be diftribut- 
 i ed in four Parts ; one Quarter to the City and Li- 
 iti berties of Wefminfler : one Quarter, or Part, among 
 it the Inhabitants of the Southwark Side of the Water 3 
 is one Quarter tothe Liberty and Parts within, of the 
 City, exclufive of the City, within the Walls; ane, 
 j) ON€ fourth Part to the Suburbs in the County ot 
 «@ Middlefex, and the Ealt and North Parts of the Ci- 
 ty: But this latter I only {peak of as a Report. 
 
 ee 
 
 Ia) 
 
 Cer- 
 
~ “' 
 
 I10 | Mz MotiRs of 
 
 Certain it is, the greateft Part of the Poor, ot Fé 
 milies, who formerly livd by their Labour, or by 
 Retail-Trade, livd now on Charity ; and had there 
 not been prodigious Sums of Money given by chat 
 table, well:minded Chriftians, for the Support of 
 fuch, the City could never have fubfifted. Ther 
 were, no Queftion, Accounts kept of their Chat 
 ty, and of the jult Diftribution of it by the Mage 
 ftrates: But as fuch Mulitudes of rhofe very Officer 
 died, thro’ whofe Hands it was diftributed; and a: 
 fo that, asI have been told, moft of che Account F 
 of thofe Things were loft in the great Fire whieh 
 happened in the very next Year, and which bumte 
 ven the Chamberlain’s Office, and many of theit 
 Papers ; fol could never come at the particular Ac 
 count, which I ufed great Endeavours to have fen 
 
 It may, however, be a DireGion in Cafe ofthe 
 Approach of a like Vifitation, which God keep the 
 City from ; I fay, it may be of ufe to obletve 
 that by the Care of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, 
 at that ‘Time, in diftributing Weekly, great Sum 
 ot Money, for Relief of the Poor, a Muititude o 
 People, who would otherwife have perithed, wete 
 telieved, and their Lives prefervd. And here kt 
 me enter into a brief State of the Cafe of the Post 
 at that Time, and what Way apprehended from them, 
 from whence may be judg’d hereafter, what may be 
 expected, if the like Difttefs thould come upon the 
 City. 
 
 At the Beginning of the Plague, when there wa 
 now no more Hope, but that the whole City would 
 be vifited, when, as I have faid, all that had Friends 
 or Eftates in the Country, retired with their Famr 
 lies, and when, indeed, one would have thought 
 the very City it felf was running out of the Gates 
 and that there would be no Body left behind. You 
 may be fure, from that Hour, ail Trade, except fuch 
 as related to immediate Subfiftence, was, as it wei 
 at a full Stop. 
 
 This 
 
( the PLAGUE +t 
 
 This is fo lively a Cafe, and contains in it fo much 
 Of the real Condition of the People ; that I think, 
 “I cannot be too particular in it;and therefore I defcend 
 " to the feveral Arrangements or Claffes of People, who 
 ' fell into immediate Diftrefs upon this Occafion: For 
 , Example, 
 
 1. All. Mafler Work-men in Manufadures, efpecially 
 fuch as belong’d to Ornament, and the lefs ueceffary 
 Parts of the People drefs Cloths and Furniture for Hou- 
 fes; fuch as Riband Weavers, and other Weavers; 
 Gold and Silverlace-makers, and Gold and Silverwyer- 
 drawers, Seemftreffes, Milleners, Shoe-makers, Hat-ma- 
 kers and Glove-makers : Alfo Upboldflerers, Foyners, Ca- 
 binet-makers, Looking-gla/s-makers , and innumerable 
 Trades which depend upon fuch as thefe ; fay the Ma- 
 fter Workmen in fuch, flopt their Work, difmift their 
 Fourneymen, and Workmen, and all their Dependants. 
 
 2. As Merchandizing was at a full ftop, for very few Ships 
 
 i} -yentur’d to come up the River, and none at all went out ; fo 
 
 ))) all the extraordinary Officers of the Cuftcmes, likewife the 
 
 Mi Watermen, Carmen, Porters, and all thePoor,whofe Labour 
 
 depended upon the Merchants, were at once difmift, aud 
 
 put out of Bufinefs. 
 
 ki) 3. Allthe Tradefmen ufually employ’d in building or repare- 
 
 it ing of Houfes, were ata full Stop, for the People were far 
 from wanting to build Houfes, when fo many thoufand 
 Houfes were at once ftript of their Inhabitants ; fo that this 
 one Article turn’d all the ordinary W7ork-men of that 
 Kind out of Bufinefss fuch as Bric k-layers, Mafous, Car- 
 penters, Foyners, Plafterers, Painters, Glaziers, Smiths, 
 Plumbers; and all the Labourers depending on fuch. 
 
 4. As Navigation was at a Stop ; our Ships neither coming 
 in, orgoing out.as before ; fo theSeamen were allout of Em- 
 ployment, and many of them in the laft and loweft Degree 
 of Diftvels, and with the Seamen, were all the feve- 
 ral Tradefmen, and Workmen belonging to and depend- 
 ing upon the building, and fitting out of Ships; fuch as 
 Ship Carpenters, Caulkevs, Rope-makers, Dry-Coopers, 
 
 Sail 
 
112 (Ms uoirrs of 
 Sail-makers, Anchor- Smiths, and other Smiths ; Bhs 
 makers, Carvers, Gus Smiths, Ship-Chandlers, Shp. 
 Carvers and the like; Ihe Mafters of thofe perba 
 might live upon their Subftance; but the Traders wer 
 Univerfally at a Stop, and coufequently all thar Wik 
 men difcharged : Add to thefe, that the River wasins 
 manner without Boats, and all or moft part of the Wr 
 termen, Lightermen, Boat-builders, and Lighter 
 ders in like manuer idle, and laid by. 
 
 _ All Families retrench’d their living as much as poffil, 
 as well thofe that fled, as thofe that ftay’d; fo that anit 
 numerable Multitude of Footmen, ferving Men, Shy 
 keepers, ‘Fourney-men, Merchants-Book-keepers, aid 
 fuch Sort of People, and efpecially poor Maid Servans 
 were turn'd off, and left Friendlefs and Helplefs wih 
 Employment, and without Habitation ; and this ws 
 veally a difmal Article. 
 
 I might be more particular as to this Part: Bit 
 it may fuffice to mention in general; all Tradesbe 
 ing ftopt, Employment ceafed ; the Labour, and bj 
 that, the Bread of the Poor were cut off ; and at fit 
 indeed, the Cries of the poor were moft lamentableto 
 hear; tho’ by the Diftribution of Charity, thet 
 Mifery that way was greatly abated : Many inde 
 fled into the Countries ; burthoufands of them havitg, 
 ftay’d in London, till nothing but Defperation fet 
 them away; Death overtook them on the Road, and 
 they ferv’d for no better than the Meffengers of Death, 
 indeed, others carrying the InfeGtion along with them 
 fpreading it very unhappily into the remoteft Partsd 
 the Kingdom. 
 
 Many of thefe were the miferable Objeéts of Dit 
 
 air which I have mention’d before, and were ® 
 mov’d by the Deftru@ion which followed ; thet 
 might be faid to perifh, not by the Infe@ion it kt 
 but by the Confequence of it ; indeed, namely, 
 Hunger and Difirefs, and the Want of all ‘Things 
 being without Lodging, without Money, without 
 Friends, 
 
the PLAGUE “473 
 
 Friends, without Means to get their Bread, or with- 
 out any One to give it them, for many of them were 
 without what we call legal Settlements, and fo could 
 not claim of the Parifhes, and all the Support they 
 had, was by Application to the Magiftrates tor Reliet, 
 which Relief was, (to give the Magiftratestheir Due) 
 
 ‘ earefully and chearfully adminiftred, as they found it 
 
 "! neceflary ; and thofe that ftay’d behind never felt the 
 
 Want and Diftrefs of that Kind, which they felt, 
 
 who went away inthe manner above-noted. 
 
 Let any one who is acquainted with what Multi- 
 
 mi! tudes of People, get their daily Bread in this City by 
 
 bite their Labour, whether Artificers or meer Workmen ; 
 
 ‘lt fay, lec any Man confider, what muft be the mife« 
 
 rable Condition of this Town, if ona fudden, they 
 
 fhould be all turred out of Employment, that La 
 bour fhould ceafe, and Wages for Work be no more. 
 This was the Cafe with us at that Time, and Had 
 fi! not the Sums of Money, contributed in Charity by 
 | well difpofed Peopie, of every Kind, as well abroad 
 as athome, been prodigioufly great, it had not been 
 in the Power of the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, to 
 have kept the Publick Peace; nor were they without 
 
 Apprehenfions as it was, that Defparation fhould puth 
 
 i) the People upon 'Tumults, and caufe them to rifle the 
 
 iy Houfes of rich Men, and plunder the Markets of Provi- 
 
 , fions; in which Cafe the Country People, who bronght 
 
 Provifions very freely and boldly to Town, would ha’ 
 
 been terrified from coming any more, and the Town 
 
 would ha’ funk under an unavoidable Famine. 
 
 , _ But the Prudence of my Lord Mayor, and the 
 Court of Aldermen within the City, and of the Ju- 
 ftices of Peace in the Out-parts was fuch, and they 
 
 , Were fupported with Money from all Parts fo well, that 
 
 , the poor People were kept quiet, and their Wants eve- 
 
 , TY where reliev’d, as far as was poffible to be done. 
 
 , . 1wo Things, befides this, contributed to prevent 
 
 the Mob doing any Mifchief: One was, that really 
 
 " the Rich themfelves had not laid up Stores of Provi- 
 
 H I 
 
 fions 
 
~ 
 
 114 Memoirs of 
 
 fions in their Houfes, as indeed, they ought to have 
 done, and which if they had been wife enough tohaye 
 done, and lock’d themielves entirely up, as fome few 
 did, they had perhaps efcaped the Difeafe better : But 
 as it appeat’d they had not, fo the Mob had no No- 
 tion of finding Stores of Provifions there, if they had 
 broken in, as it is plain they were fometimes very 
 near doing, and which, if they had, they had finith’d 
 the Ruin of the whole City, for there were no regir 
 lar Troops to ha’ with{tood them, nor could the 
 Traind-Bands have been brought together to defend 
 the City, no Men being to be found to beat Arms, 
 But the Vigilance of the Lord Mayor, and fuch 
 Magiltrates as could be had, for fome, even of the Al 
 dermen were Dead, and fome abfent, prevented this; 
 and they did it by the moft kind and gentle Me 
 thods they could think of, as particularly by 
 lieving the moft defperate with Money, and putting 
 others into Bufinefs, and particularly chat Employ 
 ment of watching Houfes that were infeéted and thot 
 up; and as the Number of thefe were very great, for 
 it was faid, there was at one Time, ten thonfand 
 Houfes fhut up, and every Houfe had two Watchmen 
 to guard it, viz one by Night, and the other by 
 Day ; this gave Opportunity to employ a very grit 
 Number of poor Men at a Time. 
 The Women, and Servants, that were turned of 
 from their Places, were likewife employed as Nurtles 
 to tend the Sick in all Places ; and this took off ave 
 ry great Number of them. | 
 And, which tho’ a melancholy Article in it fet 
 yet was a Deliverance in its Kind, namely, the 
 Plague which raged in a dreadful Manner from the 
 Middle of Auguj to the Middle of Offober, carried ot 
 in that ‘Time thirty or forty Thoufand of thefe vel) 
 People, which had they been left, would certaitl) 
 have been an unfufferable Burden, by their Poverty, 
 that is to fay, the whole City could not have fuppot 
 edthe Expence of them, or have provided ba 
 the 
 
th PLAGUE. \er15 
 
 them; and they would in Time have been even dri- 
 vento the Neceflity of plundering either the City it 
 felf, or the Country adjacent, to have fubfifted them- 
 felves, which would firft or laft, have put the whole 
 Nation, a well as the City, into the utmoft Terror 
 and Confufion. 
 
 It was obfervable then, that this Calamity of the 
 People made them very humble ; for now, for abont 
 nine Weeks together, there died near a thoufand a- 
 Day, one Day with another, even by the Account 
 of the weekly Bills, which yet I have Reafon to 
 be affur’d never gave a full Account, by many thou- 
 fands ; the Confufion being fuch, and the Carts work 
 ing in the Dark, when they carried the Dead, that in 
 fome Places no Account at all was kept, but they 
 work’don; the Clerks and Sextons not attending for 
 Weeks together, and not knowing what Number they 
 cattied. This Account is verified by the following 
 Bills of Mortality. 
 
 Of ail Difeafes. Of the Plagues 
 
 ; Aug. 8 to Auge 15 5319 = 2880 
 
 to22 — 5565) —— 4237 
 
 to 29 — 7496 ——— 6102 
 
 an Seni: Rees 00 
 
 From 2 Aug. 29 to Sept. 5 8252 ~———. 6088 
 toi2 — 7°o90 ——— 6544 
 
 to19 — 8297 ———— 7165 
 
 90:°962 =. 64.60 sons 5532 
 
 LSept. 26 toO# 3 — $7270 ———-__ 4929 
 tO 10° = ~ -§065 - 422 
 
 $9970 49705 
 
 So that the Grofs of the People were carried of in 
 thefe two Months; for as the whole Number which 
 was brought in, to die of the Plague, was but 68590 
 here, is fifty thoufand of them, within a Trifle, in 
 two Months; I {ay 50000, becaufe, as there wants 
 295 in the Number above, fo there wants two Days 
 of two Months, in the Account of Time. 
 
 Now when, I fay, that the Parifh Officers did not 
 give in a full Account, or were not to be depended 
 upon for their Account, let any one but confider how 
 
 I 2 Men 
 
116 MEM o1RS of 
 
 Men could be exact in fuch a Time of dreadful Dj 
 ftre{s, and when many of them were taken fick them- 
 felves, and perhaps died in the very Time when their 
 Accounts. were to be given in, I mean the Parith- 
 Clerks ; befides inferior Officers; for tho’ thefe poor 
 Men ventured at all Hazards, yet they were far from 
 being exempt from the common Calamity, efpecially, 
 if it be true,that the Parith of Stepuey had within the 
 Year, one hundred and fixteen Sextons, Grave-diggets, 
 and their Affiftants, that is to fay, Bearers, Bell-men, 
 and Drivers of Carts, for carrying off the dead Bodies, 
 
 Indeed the Work was not of a Nature to allow 
 them Leifure, to take an exaG& Tale of the dead Bo- 
 dies, which were all huddled together in the Dark 
 into a Pit; whieh Pit, or Trench, no Man could 
 come nigh, but at the utmoft Peril. I obfervd of 
 ten, that in the Parifhes of Algate, and Cripplegate, 
 White-Chappel and Stepney, there was five, fix, feven, 
 and eight hundred in a Week, in the Bills, whereas 
 if we may believe the Opinion of thofe that livd in 
 the City, all the Time, as well asI, there died fome- 
 times 2000 a-Week in thofe Parifhes; and I faw it 
 under the Hand of one, that made as {tri@ an exa- 
 mination into that Part as he could, that there really 
 died an hundred thonfand People of the Plague, i 
 it that one Year, whereas the Bills, the Articles o 
 the Plague, was but 68590. 
 
 If I may be allowed to give my Opinion, by what 
 ifaw with my Eyes, and heard from other People 
 that were Eye Witnefles, Ido verily believe the fame, 
 viz. that there died, at leaft, 100000 of the Plague 
 only, befides other Diftempers, and befides thole 
 which died in the Fields, and High-ways, and { 
 etet Places, out of the Compafs of the Communica 
 tion, as it-was called; and who were not put downit 
 the Bills, tho’ they really belonged to the Body of 
 the Inhabitants. It was known to us all, that abut 
 dance of poor difpairing Creatures, who had the 
 Diftemper upon them, and were grown—{tupid, oF 
 
 ls 
 
Neth 
 the PLAGUE. 117 
 
 melancholly by their Mifery, as many were, w: n- 
 dred away into the Fields, and Woods, and into fe- 
 cret uncouth Places, almoft any where to creep into 
 a Bufh, or Hedge, and DIE. 
 
 The Inhabitants of the Villages adjacent would in 
 Pity, carry them Food, and fet itat a Diftance, thar 
 they might fetch it, if they were able, and fometimes 
 they were not able; and the next Time they went, 
 they fhould find the poor Wretches lie dead, and the 
 Food untouch’d. The Number of thefe miferable Ob- 
 jects were many, and I know fo many that perifh’d 
 thus, and fo exactly where, that I believe Icould go 
 to the very Place and dig their Bones up ftill; for the 
 Country People would go and dig a Hole ata Di- 
 {tance from them, and then with long Poles, and 
 Hooks at the End of them, drag the Bodies into thefe 
 Pits, and then thro’ the Earth in Form as faras they 
 could caft it to cover them ; taking notice how the 
 Wind blew, and fo coming on that Side which theSea= 
 men call to-Wind-ward, that the Scent of the Bodies 
 might blow from them; and thus great Numbers 
 went out of the World, who were never known or 
 any Account of them taken, as well within the Bills 
 of Mortality as without. 
 
 This indeed Ihad, in the main, only from the Re- 
 lation of others ; tor I feldom walk’d into the Fields, 
 except towards Bednal-green and Hackney ; or as here= 
 after: Bur when I did walk I always faw agreat ma- 
 ny poor Wanderers at a Diftance, but I could know 
 little of their Cafes; for whether it were in the Street, 
 or in the Fields, if we had feen any Body coming, it 
 Was a general Method to walk away ; yet I believe 
 the Account is exadly true. 
 
 As this puts me upon mentioning my walking 
 the Streets and Fields, I cannot omit taking no« 
 tice what adefolate Place the City was at that 
 Time: Thegreat Street I liv’d in, which is known 
 to be one of the : broadeft of all the Streets of Loi 
 4m. I mean of the Suburbs as well as the Liber- 
 
 3 Ss 
 
i aw, 
 118 MEMOLRS Of 
 
 ties; all the Side where the Butchers lived, efpecial- 
 ly without the Bars was more like a green Field 
 than a paved Street, and the People generally went 
 in the middle with the Horfes and Carts: It is true, 
 that the tartheft End towards White-Chappel Church, 
 was not all pav’d, but even the Part that was pavd 
 was full of Grafs alfo; but this need not feem firange 
 fince the great Streets within the City, fuch as Ler 
 den: hall- Street, Bifhopgate-Street, Cornhill, and even the 
 Exchange it felt, had Grafs growing in them, in f 
 veral Placés;~-neither Cart or Coach were feen in the 
 Streets from Morning to Evening, except fome Coun 
 try Carts to bring Roots and Beans, or Peafe, Hay 
 and Straw, to the Market, and thofe but very few, 
 compared to what was ufual: As for Coaches they 
 were {carce ufed, but to carry fick People to the Pelt 
 Houfe, and to other Hofpitals; and fome few to catty 
 Phyficians to fuch Places as they thought fit to vei 
 ture to vifit; for really Coaches were dangerous things, 
 and People did not Care to venture into them, becaile 
 they did nor know who might have been carried in 
 them laft; and fick infe&ed People were, as J have 
 faid, ordivarily carried in them to the Peft-Houles 
 and fometimes People expired in them as they weil 
 aiong. 
 
 Ic is true, when the InfeGion came to {uch a Height 
 as I have now mentioned, there were very few Phyli- 
 cians, which car’d to ftir abroad to fick Houfes, and 
 very many of the moft eminent of the Faculty wert 
 dead as well as the Surgeons alfo, for now it was if 
 deed a difmal time, and for about a Month togethet, 
 not taking any Notice of the Bills of Mortality, Lbe- 
 lieve there did not die lefs than 1500 or 1700 a-Day; 
 one Day with another, 
 
 One of the worflt Days we had in the whole Time, 
 as I thought, was in the Beginning of September, whet 
 indeed good People began to think, that God was 
 refolved to make a full End of the People in this mi 
 gerable City. This was at that Time when te 
 
 : Plague 
 
the PLAGUE. “+419 
 
 Plague was fully come into the Eaftern Parifhes: The 
 Parith of Algate, ifI may give myOpinion buried above 
 a thoufand a Week for two Weeks, tho’ the Bills did 
 not fay fo many ; but it furrounded me at fo difmala 
 rate, that there was not a Houfe intwenty uninfected ; 
 in the Minories, in Houndfditch, and in thofe Parts of Al- 
 gate Parifh about the Butcher- Row, and the Alleys over a- 
 ganift me, I fay in thofe places Death reigned in every 
 Corner. White Chapel Parith was in the fame Condi 
 tion, and tho’ muc hlefs than the Parifh1liv’d in; yet 
 bury’d near 600 a Week by the Bills ; and in my Opi- 
 nion, near twice as many ; whole Families, and indeed, 
 
 infomuch, that it was frequent for Neighbours to call 
 to the Bellman, to go to fuchand fuch Houfes, and 
 fetch out the People, for that they were all Dead. 
 And indeed, the Work of removing the dead Bo- 
 dies by Carts, was now grown fo very odious and 
 dangerous, that it was complain’d of, that the Bearers 
 did not take Care to clear fuch Honfes, where all the 
 Inhabitants were dead ; but that fometimes the Bodies 
 Jay feveral Days unburied, till the neighbouring Fami- 
 lies were offended with the Stench, and confequently 
 infe&’d ; and this neglect of the Officers was fuch, that 
 the Church \WWardens and Conftables were fummon’d to 
 look after it ; and eventhe Juftices of the Hamlets, were 
 oblig’d to venture their Lives among them, to quicken 
 and encourage them; for innumerable of the Bearers 
 dy’d of the Diftemper, infe€ted by the Bodies they 
 wereoblig’d to come fo near; and had it not been, that 
 the Number of poor People who wanted Employment, 
 and wanted Bread, (as I have faid before,) was fogreat, 
 that Neceffity drove them to undertake any Thing, 
 and venture any thing, they would never have found 
 People to be employ’d ; and then theBodies of the dead 
 would havelain above Ground, and have perithed and 
 rotted in a dreadful Manner. 
 But the Magiftrates cannot be enough commended 
 in this, that they kept sy good Order for the bury- 
 4 OE 
 
——/ 
 120 MEMOIRS of 
 
 ing of the Dead, that as faft as any of thofe they em 
 ploy’d to carry off, and bury the dead, fell fick or dy’d, 
 as was many Limes the Cafe, they immediately {up- 
 ply’d the places with others ; which by reafonof the 
 great Number of Poor that was left out of Bufinels, 
 as above, was not hard to do: This occafion’d, that 
 notwithftanding the infinite Number of People which 
 dy’d, and were fick almoft all together, yet, they were 
 always clear’d away, and carry’d off every Night; 
 fo that it was never to be faid of London, that the 
 living were not able to bury the Dead, 
 As the Defolation was greater, during thofe terrible 
 Times, fo the Amazement of the People encreasd; 
 and athoufand unacconntable Things they would do 
 inthe violence of their Fright, as others did the fame 
 in the Agonies of their Diftemper, and this part was 
 very affediing ; fome went roaring, and crying, and 
 wringing their Hands along the Street ; fome would 
 g0 praying, and lifting up their Hands to Heaven, call 
 ing upon God for Mercy. I cannot fay indeed, whether 
 this was not in their Diftraétion ; but be it Jo, it was 
 {till an indication of a more ferious Mind, when they 
 had the ufe of their Senfes, and was much better, evel 
 asit was, than the frightful yellings and cryings that 
 every Day, and efpeciatly in the Evenings, were heard 
 in fome Streets. I fuppofe the World has heard ofthe 
 famous Soloman Eagle.an Enthufiaft: He tho’ notit- 
 fected atall, but in his Head; went about denouncing 
 of Judgment upon the City ina frightful manner; fome- 
 times quite naked, and with a Pan of burning Charcoal 
 on his’ Head: What he faid or pretended, indeed! 
 could not learn. 
 
 I will not fay,whether that Clergyman was diftra- 
 gted or not : Or whether he did it in pure Zeal for the 
 poor People who went every Evening thro’ the Streets 
 of Wbite-Chapel ; and with his Hands lifted up, repeat 
 ed that»Part of the Liturgy of the Church continually ; 
 Spare us good Lord, Spare th y People whom thon haft redeems 
 #4 withthy moft precious Blood , 1 fay, I cannot ‘peak pofis 
 
 a2 tively 
 SB 
 
ey 
 the PLAGUE. I20 
 
 tivelyof thefe Things ; becaufe thefe were only the 
 difmal Objects which reprefented themfelvesto me as] 
 look'd thro’ my Chamber Windows (for I feldom open- 
 ed the Cafements) while I confin’d my felf within 
 Doors, during that moft violent rageing of the Pefij- 
 lence ; when indeed, as Ihave faid, many began to 
 think, and even to fay, that there would none efcape ; 
 and indeed, I began tothink fotoo ;and therefore kept 
 within Doors, for about a Fortnight, and never ftirr’d 
 out: But I con’d not hold it : Belides, there were 
 fome People, who notwithftanding the Danger, did 
 not omit publickly to attend the Worthip of God, even 
 in the moft dangerous ‘Times ; and tho’ it is true, 
 that a great many Clergymen did fhut up their Chur- 
 ches, and fled as other People did, for the fafety of 
 their Lives ; yet, all did not do fo, fome ventur’d to 
 officiate, and to keep up the Aflemblies of the People 
 by conftant Prayers; and fometimes Sermons, or 
 Brief Exhortations to Repentance and Reformation, 
 and thisaslong as any would come to hear them ; 
 and Diflenters did the like alfo, and even in the very 
 Churches, where the Parith Minifters were either 
 Dead or fled, nor was there any Room for making 
 Difference, atfuch a Time as this was. 
 
 Itwas indeed a lamentable Thing to hear the mifera- 
 ble Lamentations of poor dying Creatures, calling out 
 for Minifters to Comfort them, and pray with them, to 
 Counfel them, and to dire& them, calling out to God 
 for Pardon and Mercy, and confeffing aloud their paft 
 Sins. It would make the ftouteft Heart bleed to hear 
 how many Warnings were then given by dying Peni- 
 tents, to others not to put off and delay their Repen- 
 tance to the Day of Diftrefs, that fach a Time of Cala- 
 mity as this, was no Time for Repentance ; wasno 
 Time to call upon God. 1 with Icould repeat the very 
 Sound of thofe Groans, and of thofe Exclamations that 
 
 heard from fome poor dying Creatures, when in the 
 ight of their Agonies and Diftrefs ; and that I could 
 make him that read this hear, as I imagine I now hear 
 them, forthe Sound feems fill to RinginmyEarg. If 
 
 oe 
 
et, 
 | ope MEMOIRS of 
 
 UL could but tell this Part, in fuch moving Accents 
 as fhould alarm the very Soul of the Reader, I thould 
 rejoice that I recorded thofe Things, however fhort and 
 imperfect. 
 
 ic pleafed God that I was {till {par’d, and very 
 hearty and found in Health, but very impatient ote 
 ing pent up within Doors without Air, as I had beta 
 for 14 Days or thereabouts ; and Icould not reftraia 
 my felf, but I would go tocarry a Letter for my Bro 
 ther to the Poft-Houfe; then it was indeed, that 
 obferv’d a profound Silence in the Streets; when I came 
 to the Polt-Houfe, as I went to put in my Lt 
 ter, I faw a Man ftand in one Corner of the Yard, and 
 talking to another at a Window 5 and a third hador 
 
 en’d a Door belonging to the Office ; In the middle 
 of the Yard lay a fmali Leather Purfe, with two Keys 
 hanging at it, and Money init, but no Body would 
 meddle withit: lask’d how long it had lain there; 
 the Man at the Window faid, it had Jain almoft at 
 Hour ; but that they had not meddled with it, becault 
 they did not know, but the Perfon who dropt It 
 might come back to look for it, I had no fuch mee 
 of Money, nor was the Sum fo big, that I had any lr 
 clination to meddle with it, or to get the Moneyé 
 the hazard it might be attended with ; fo I feemdto 
 go away, when the Man who had open’d the Door, fait, 
 be would take it up; but fo, that ifthe right Owt 
 er came for it, he fhould be fure to have it: So he welt 
 in, and fetched a pail of Water, and fer it down hardby 
 the Purfe; then went again, and fetch’d fomeGun- pow 
 der, and caft a good deal of Powder upon the Purl, 
 and then made a Train from that which he ha 
 thrown foofe upon the Purfe ; the train reached about 
 two Yards ; after this he goesin a third Time, 4 
 fetches outa pair of Tongues red hot, and whit 
 he had prepar’d, I fuppofe on purpofe ; and firlt {et 
 ting Fire to the Train of Powder, that fing’d the 
 Purfe and allo {moak’d the Air fufficiently: But be 
 
 was not content with that; bur he then takes »? 
 ti 
 
ihe. 2 LA GWE. 123 
 
 Ns the Purfe with the Tongs, holding it fo long til! the 
 wm ‘Tongs burnt thro’ the Purfe, and then he fhook the 
 
 Money out into the Pail of Water, fo he carried it in. 
 ii) The Money, as I remember, was about thirteen Shil- 
 ¢ lings, and fome {mooth Groats, and Brafs Farthings. 
 | There might perhaps, have been feveral poor Peo- 
 : ple,as I have obferv’d above,that would have been hardy 
 enough to have ventured for the fake of the Money ; 
 xi Dut you may eafily fee by what I have obferv’d, thar 
 i the few People, who were fpar’d, were very caretul of 
 y themfelves, at that Time when the Dittrefs was fo 
 | exceeding great. 
 
 Much about the fame Time I walk’d out into the 
 ji Fields towards Bow ; for I hada great mind to fee 
 how things were managed in the River, and among 
 ythe Ships ; and asI had fome Concern in Shipping, | 
 had a Notion that it had been one of the belt Ways 
 of fecuring ones felf from the Infe@ion to have retir'd 
 into a Ship, and mufing how to fatisfy my Curiofity, 
 , in that Point, I turned away over the Fields, from 
 4 Bow to Bromley, and down to Blackwall, to the Stairs, 
 ,, Which are there for landing, or taking Water. 
 
 Here I faw a poor Man walking on the Bank, or 
 i" Sea-wall, as they call ic, by himfelf, I walked a while 
 jalfo about, feeing the Houfes all fhutup ; at laft I fell 
 into fome Talk, at a Diftance, with this poor Man; 
 "| firt I asked him, how People did thereabouts? Alas, 
 Sir! fays he, almoft all defolate ; all dead or fick: Here are 
 
 ¢ 
 very few Fumilies in this Part, or in that Village, Pointing 
 at Poplar, where half of them are not dead already, and the 
 I" vet fick. Then he pointed to one Houfe, There they are 
 » all dead, {aid he, and the Houfe ands open ; no Body dares 
 £0 into it. A poor Thief, fays he, veutured in to fteal fome- 
 i" thing, but he paid dear for his Theft ; for he was carried to 
 * the ChurchYard too, la? Night. Then he pointed to fe- 
 ' veralother Honfes. Theve, fays he, they are all dead ; the 
 Mau and his Wife, and five Children. There, fays he, they 
 are fhut up, you fee a Watchman at the Door ; and fo of o- 
 
 * ther Houfes, Way, fays 1, What do you here all yon : 
 hy, 
 
 Je 
 t 
 
A 
 
 124. MEMOIRS Of 
 
 Why, {ays he, I am a poor defolate Man ; it has pleafedGod] 
 amt not yet vifited, tho’ my Family is, and one of my Children 
 dead. How do you mean then, {aid 1, that you are im 
 vifited. Why, fays he, that’s my Houfe, pointing toa 
 very little low boarded Honfe, and there my poor Wit 
 and two Children live, {aid he, if they may be faid i 
 live, ; for my Wife and one of the Children ave vifited, ip 
 I do not come at them. And with that Word I fawthe 
 Tears run very plentifully down his Face; and 
 they did down mine too, I aflure you. 
 
 But faid 1, Why do you not come at them ? Howcan ym 
 abandon your own Flefh, and Blood ? Oh, Sir! {ays he, th 
 Lord forbid; I do not abandon them ; I work for them as 
 much as 1 am able; and bleffed be the Lord, I keep thi 
 from Wants; and with that I obferv’d, he lifted up 
 his Eyes to Heaven, with a Countenance that prefent 
 ly told me,I had happened on a Man that was no Hj 
 pocrite, bur a ferious, religious good Man, and his 
 Ejaculation was an Exprefion of Thankfulnefs, that 
 in fuch a Condition as he was in, he fhould be able 
 to fay his Family did not want. Well, fays |, 
 neft Man, that is a great Mercy as things go now with th 
 Poor : But how do you live then, and how ave you kept frm 
 the dreadful Calamity that is now upon us all? Why SM, 
 fays he, I am a Waterman, and there’s my Boat, fays he, 
 and the Boat ferves me for a Houfe ; 1 work in it int 
 Day, aud I flecp in it in the Night ; and what I get, a) 
 down upon that Stone, {ays he, fhewing me a broad Sto 
 on the other Side of the Street, a good way from his 
 Houfe, and then, fayshe, f -halloo, and call to them till 
 # make them hear; and they come and fetch it. 
 
 Well Friend, {ays}, but how cait you get any Money a4 
 Waterman? does any Body go by Water thefe Times! ¥s 
 Sir, fays he, iw the Way | am employ’d there does. Do yuh 
 fee there, {ays he, five Ships lie at Anchor, poinring dows 
 the River, a good way below the Town, and doju 
 fee, fays he, eight or ten Ships lie at the Chain, thttts 
 and at Anchor yonder, pointing above the Town. 
 shofe Ships have Families on board, of their i 
 
 a 
 
the PLAGUE Z5 
 
 and Owners, and fuch like, who have lock’d themfelves 
 up, and live on board, clofe fhut in, for fear of the Iaf2ii- 
 on; and I tend on them to fetch J hings for them, carvy 
 Letters, and do what is abfolutely necefJary, that they may 
 not be obliged to come on Shore; and every Night I faften 
 my Boat on board one of the Ship’s Boats, and there I fleep 
 by my Jelf, and bleffed be God, I am preferv’d hitherto. 
 
 Well, Said I, Friend, but will they let you come on board, 
 after you have been on Shove herve, when this is fuch a ter- 
 vible Place, aud fo infeéted as it is 2 
 
 Why, as to that, {aid he, I very feldom go up the Ship 
 Side, but deliver what I bring to their Boat, or lie by the 
 Side, and they hoift it un board ; if I did, I think they are 
 in wo Danger from me, for I never go into any Houfe on 
 Shore, or touch any Body, no, not of my own Family ; But 
 I fetch Provifions for them. 
 
 Nay, fays 1, but that may be worfe, for you muft have 
 thofe Proviffons of fome Body or other; and fince all this 
 Part of the Town is fo infefted, it is dangerous fo much as 
 to peak with any Body ; for this Village, {aid J, is as it 
 were, the Beginning of London, tho’ it be at Some Diftance 
 fiom it. 
 
 That is true, added he, but you do not underftand me 
 Right, I do not buy Proviftens for them heres I row up 
 to Greenwich and buy frefh Meat there, and fometimes I 
 wwdown the River to Woolwich and buy there; then] 
 §0 to fingle Farm Houjes on the Keutijh Side, where Lam 
 known, and buy Fowls and Eggs, and Butter, and bring 
 t0 the Ships, as they direé# me, Sometimes one, fometimes the 
 other ; I feldom come on Shore here; and I came now only 
 10 call to my Wife, and hear how my little Family do, and 
 give them a little Money, which I receiv’d laft Night. 
 
 Poor Man! {aid 1, and how much haft thou gottex for 
 them ? 
 
 I have gotten four Shillings, faid he, which is a great 
 Sum, as things concw with poor Men; but they have given 
 me a Bag of Bread too, and a Salt Fifh and fome Fleh ; 
 fo all belps out. 
 
 Well 
 
Int 
 
 = 
 126 MEMOIRS of 
 
 Well, {aid 1, and have you given tt them yet? 
 
 No, {aid he, but 1 have called, aud my Wife has air 
 fuered, that jhe cannot come out yet, but in Half an How 
 phe hopes to come, andl am waiting for her: Poor Woman! 
 fays he, fhe is brought fadly down ; fhe has a Swelling, and 
 it is broke, and I hope fhe will recover ; but I fear the Child 
 will dies but itis the Lord! ——— Here he op, 
 and wept very much. 
 
 Well, honeft Friend, {aid I, thou haft a fure Comfort, 
 if thou haft brought thy Jelf to be refign’d to the will of Gud, 
 he is dealing with us all in Fudgment. 
 
 Ob, Sir, fays he, it isanfinite Mercy, if any of us art 
 fpar'd ; and who am I to repine! 
 
 Sayeft thou fo, faid I, and how much lefs is my Faith 
 shan thine? And here my Heart {mote me, fuggeltin 
 how muth better this Poor Man’s Foundation wa 
 on which he ftaid in the Danger, than mine; that 
 he had no where to fly ; that he had a Family to bind 
 him to Attendance, whichI had not; and mine was 
 meer Prefumption, hisa true Dependance, and a Cot 
 rage refting on God: and yet, that he ufed all pol 
 fible Caution for his Safety. 
 
 I turn’da little way from the Man, while thel 
 "Thoughts engaged me, for indeed, I could no mort 
 refrain from Tears than he. 
 
 At length, after fome farther Talk, the poor Wor 
 man opened the Door, and call’d, Robert, Robert; it 
 anfwered and bid her ftay a few Moments, andl 
 would come ; fo he ran down the common Staits!® 
 his Boat, and fetch’d up a Sack in which was the Pro" 
 vifions he had brought from the Ships; and when he 
 returned, he hallooed again ; then he went to the gre 
 Stone which he fhewed me, and emptied the Sack, 
 and laid all out, every Thing by themfelves, and then 
 retired ; and his Wife came with a little Boy 10 
 fetch them away ; and he calld, and faid, fuch 4 
 Captain had fent fuch a Thing, and fuch a Capra 
 {uch a Thing, and at the End adds, God has Jentit a 
 
 giv 
 
the PLAGUE. ‘TE7 
 
 ny, give Thanks to him. Whenthe Poor Woman had taken 
 up all, the was fo weak, fhe could not carry it at once 
 
 in, tho’ the Weight was not much neither ; fo fhe left the 
 
 Bifeuit which was in a little Bag, and lett a little 
 
 , Boy to watch it till the came again. 
 
 u, Well, but {ays I to him, did you leave her the four 
 
 Shillings too, which you faid was your Week's Pay? 
 
 TES, TES, fays he, you foal hear her own it. Sohe 
 calls again, Rachel, Rachel, which it feems was her 
 Name, did you take up the Money? YES, aid the. How 
 much was it, faid he ? Four Shillings and a Groat, {aid 
 !? the. Well, well, {ays he, the Lord keep you atl ; and fo 
 he turned to go away. 
 
 As I could not refrain contributing Tears to this 
 ite’ Man's Story, fo neither could I refrain my Charity 
 i for his Affiltance ; fo Icall’d him, Hark thee Fried, 
 * faid I, come hither; for I believe thou art in Health, that 
 1 may venture thee ; {o I pull’d out my Hand, which was 
 in my Pocket before, here, fays I, go and call thy Ra- 
 ! chel once more, and give her a little more Comfort from me. 
 iki God will never forfake a Family that truft in him as thou 
 doft ; {o I gave him four other Shillings, and bad 
 Mi," him go lay them on the Stone and call his Wife. 
 lw I have not Words to exprefs the poor Man’s thank- 
 fulnefs, neither could he exprefs ir himfelf; but by 
 Tears running down his Face ; he call’d his Wife, aud 
 ) told her God had mov’d the Heart of a Stranger upon 
 # hearing their Condition, to give them all that Money ; 
 anda greatdeal more {uch as that, he faid toher. The 
 Woman too, made Signs of the like Thankfulnefs, as 
 well to Heaven, as to me, and joyfully pick’d it up; 
 and I parted with no Money all that Year, that £ 
 thought better beftow’d. 
 
 I then ask’d the poor Man if the Diftemper had 
 not reach’d to Greenwich: He faid it hadnot, till abont 
 @ Fortnight before; but that then he feared it had; 
 but that it was only at that End of the Town, which 
 lay South towards Deptford- Bridge; that he went on- 
 ly toa Butchers-Shop, and a Grocers, where he gene- 
 
 rally 
 
128 MEMOIRS of 
 
 rally bought fuch Things as they fent him for ; bt 
 Was very careful. 
 
 I ask’d him then, how it came to pafs, that thole § 
 People who had fo fhut themfelves up in the Ships, 
 had not laid in fufficient Stores of all things nece(l 
 ry? He faid fome of them had, but on the othe 
 Hand, fome did not come on board till they were fright. 
 ed into it, and till ic was too dangerous for themtp 
 go to the proper People, to lay in Quantities of Thingy, 
 and that he waited on two Ships which he thewe 
 me, that had lay’d in little or nothing but Bifeni 
 Bread, and Ship Beer ; and that he had bought evey 
 Thing elfe almoft for them. _1 ask’d him, if there 
 was any more Ships that had feparated themfelies 
 asthofe had done. He told me yes, all the way a 
 from the Point, right againft Greenwich, to within th 
 Shore of Lime: houfe and Redriff, all the Ships that could 
 have Room, rid two and two in the middle of th 
 Stream ; and that fome of them had feveral Families 
 on Board, I ask’d him, if the Diftemper had not reacir 
 ed them? He faid he believ’d it had not, exceprtwo 
 ot three Ships, whofe People had not been fo watch: 
 ful, to keep the Seamen from going on Shore asothets 
 had been; and he faid it wasa very fine Sight to feehow 
 the Ships lay up the Pool. 
 
 When he faid he was going over to Greemuith, & 
 foon asthe Tide began to come in. I ask’d if i 
 would let me go with him, and bring me back, fo 
 that, Ihad agreat mind to fee how the Ships wet 
 ranged ashe had toldme? Hetold me if! wonldat 
 fure him on the Word of a ‘Chriftian, and of an honel 
 Man, that Ihad not the Diftemper, he would? ! 
 affur’d him, that 1 had not, that it had pleated Gol 
 to preferve me, That I liv’d in 1hite-Chapel, but wis 
 too Impatient of being fo long within Doors, and thit 
 I had ventured out fo far for the Refrefhment of a littl 
 Air; but that none in my Honfe had fo muchas been 
 touch’t with it. 
 
 Well 
 
th PLAGUE “rio 
 
 Well, Sir, fayshe, as your Charity has been moved 
 
 to pity me and my poor Family; fure you cannot 
 have fo little pity left, as to put your felf into my 
 Boat if you were not Sound in Health, which would 
 be nothing lefs than killing me, and ruining my whole 
 Family. The poor Man troubled mefo much, when he 
 fpoke of his Family with fuch a fenfible Concern; 
 and in fuch an affe@ionate Manner, that I cou’d not 
 fatisfy my felf at firltto go atall. I told him, I 
 vould lay afide my Curiofity, rather chan make him 
 uneafy ; tho’ -I was fure, and very thankful for it, 
 that I had no more Diftemper upon me, than the 
 frefheft Man in the World: Wel, he would not have 
 me put it off neither, but to let me fee how confident 
 he was, thatI was juft to him, he now importun- 
 ed me to go fo when the Tide came up to his 
 Boat, 1 went in, and he carry’d me to Greenwich: 
 While he bought the Things which he had in his 
 Charge to buy, I walk’d up to the Top of theHill, 
 under which the Town ftands, and on the Eaft-Side 
 of the Town, to get a Profpe& of the River: But 
 it was a furprifing Sight to fee rhe Number of Ships 
 which lay in Rows, two and two, and fome Places, 
 two or three fuch Lines.in the Breadth of the River, 
 and this not only up quite tothe Town, between the 
 Houfes which we call Ratclif and Redriff, which they 
 name the Pool, but even down the whole River, as 
 far as the Head of Long-Reach, which is as far as the 
 Hills give us Leave to fee it 
 
 I cannot guefs atthe Number of Ships, but I think 
 there muft be feveral Hundreds of Sail ; and I could 
 not but applaud the Contrivance, for ten thoufand 
 People, and more, who attended Ship Affairs, were 
 certainly thelrered here from the Violence of the Con- 
 tagion, and liv’d very {afe and very eafy. 
 
 I returned to my own Dwelling very well fatisfied 
 with my Days Journey, and particularly with the 
 poor Man ; alfo I rejoyced to fee that fuch little San 
 Guarics were provided for 2 many Famili¢s,in a at 
 
 G 
 
A 
 130 MEMOERS of 
 
 of fuch Defolation. I obferv’d alfo, that asthe Vio 
 Jence of the Plague had encreafed, fo the Ships which 
 had Families on Board, removd and ‘went farther 
 off, till, as | was told, fome went quite away to Sea, 
 and put into fuch Harbours, and fafe Roads on thie 
 North Coatt, as they could beftcome at. 
 
 But it was alfo true, that all the People, who thus 
 left the Land, and liv’d on Board the Ships, wetenot 
 entirely fafe from the InfeGtion, for many died, and 
 were thrown over board into the River, fome in GoF 
 fins, and fome, as I heard, without Coffins, whole 
 Bodies wete feen fometimes to drive up and down, 
 with the Tide in the River. 
 
 But I believe, Imay venture to fay, that in thole 
 Ships which were thus infeéted, it either happened 
 where the People had recourfe to them too late, and 
 did not fly to rhe Ship till they had ftayed too long 
 on Shore, and had the Diftemper upon them, tho 
 perhaps, they might not perceive it, and fo the 
 Diftemper did not come to them, on Board the Ships, 
 but they really carried ic with them; OR it was 
 in thefe Ships, where the poor Waterman faid they 
 hadnot had ‘Time to farnith themfelves with Provi- 
 fions, but were obliged to fend often on Shore to 
 buy what they had Occafion for, or fuftered Boats 
 to come to them from the Shore ; and fo the Difiem 
 per was broug'st infenfibly among them. 
 
 And here F cannot but take notice that rhe ftrange 
 Temper of the People of Zowdox at that Time contr 
 tributed extremely to their own Deftrudtion. The 
 Plague began, as I have obferved, at the other End 
 of the ‘Town, namely, in Long-Acre, Prury-Lane, Ob 
 and came on towards the City very gradually and 
 flowly. Ir was felt at firlt in December, then againil 
 February, then again in April, and always but a vely 
 little ata Time; then it ftopt till May, and even the 
 Jaft Week in MMzy, there was but 17, and all at that 
 End of the Fown ; and al) this while, even fo long, 
 as till there died above 3000 a-Week.; yer had the 
 
 : People 
 
Na 
 
 the PLAGUE ~13t 
 
 People in Redriff, and in Wapping, and Ratcliff? on 
 both Sides the River, and almoft all Southwark- Side, 
 a mighty Fancy, that they fhould not be vifited, ot 
 at leaft, thar it would not be foviolent among them: 
 Some People fancied, the {mell of the Pitch and Tar, 
 and fuch other things, as Oil and Rofin, and Brim- 
 ftone, which is fo much ufed by all Trades relating 
 to Shipping, would preferve them. Orhers argued 
 it, becaufe it was in its extreameft Violence in Weft- 
 iminfler, and the Parifhes of St. Giles’s and St. An- 
 drew’s, @c. and began to abate again, before it came 
 among them, which was true indeed, in Part: For 
 Example. 
 
 From the 8th to the 15th of Axuguft. a ele 
 
 St. Giles's ind | Stepney 197 
 the Fields 74? Sr. Mag. Bermondfey a4 4030 
 Cripplegate 886 Rotherbith ~— —— 3 
 
 From the 15th to the 22d of Auguft. Toial this 
 
 St. Giles’s et. Stepney —-  ~— 273 Week. 
 the Fields > St, Mag. Bermcndfey 36 31g 
 Cripplegate 847 Rotherbith ——— 2¢ «=? 
 
 N. B. That it wasobferv’d the Numbers mention’d 
 in Stepney Parith, at that time, were generally all on that 
 Side where Stepney Parifh joined to Shoreditch, which 
 we now call Spittle-fields, where the Parith of Stepney; 
 Omes up tothe very Wall of Shoreditch Church- Yard, 
 and the Plague at this Time was abated at St. Giles’s 
 in the Fields, and raged moft violently in Cripplegate, 
 Bifhopfeate and Shoreditch Parifhes, but there was not 
 to People a- Week that died of it in all that Part of 
 Stepney Parifh, which takes in Lime-Houfe, Ratcliff- 
 high way, and which are now the Parithes of Shadwell 
 and Wapping, even to St. Katherines by the Tower, 
 till after the whole Month of Auguft was expired; but 
 they paidfor icafterwards, as I fhall ob{etve by and by. 
 
 This, I fay, made the People of Redriff and Wap- 
 ping, Rarcliff and Lime-Houfe fo {ecure, and Alatrer them- 
 
 K 2 felyes 
 
—f 
 
 132 MEMOIRS of 
 
 felves fo much with the Plague’s going off, without 
 reaching them, that they took no Care, either to fly 
 into the Country, or fhut themfelves up ; nay, fo 
 far were they from ftirring, that they rather receiv'd 
 their Friends and Relations from the City into theit 
 Houfes; and feveral from other Places really took 
 San@uary in that Part of the Town, as a Place of 
 Safety, and as a Place which they thought God 
 would pafs over and not vifit as the reft was vifited. 
 
 And this was the Reafon, that when it came up- 
 on them they were more furprized, more unprovided 
 and more at 2 Lofs what to do than they wete it 
 other Places, for when it came among them really, 
 and with Violence, as ic did indeed, in September and 
 Offober, there was then no ftirring out into the Coun 
 try,no Body would fuffer a Stranger to come near 
 them, no nor near the Towns where they dwelt ; and 
 as I have been told, feveral that wandred into the 
 Country on Surry Side were found ftarv’d to Death in 
 the Woods and Commons, that Country being more 
 open and more woody, than any other Part fo neat 
 Londott ; {pecially about Norwood, and the Parishes of 
 Camberwell, Dullege, and Lufum, where it {eems no Bo- 
 dy durft relieve the poor diftrefs’d People for fear of 
 the Infection. 
 
 This Notion having, as I faid, prevailed with the 
 People inthat Part of the Town, was in Part the Oc- 
 cafion, as Lfaid before, that they had Recourfe to Ships 
 for their Retreat ; and where they did thiseatly, and 
 with Prudence, furnifhing themfelves fo with Prov 
 fions, that they had no need to go on Shore for Sup* 
 plies, or {ufler Boats tocomeion Board to bring thems 
 I {ay where they did fo they had certainly the fate 
 eft Retreat of any People whatfoever: But the Dr 
 firefs was fuch, that’ People ran on Board in theif 
 Fright without Bread to eat, and fome into Ships 
 that had no Men on Board to remove them farthet 
 of, or to take the Boat and go down the Rivet t0 
 buy Provifions where it might be done fafelys i 
 
 rheis 
 
 t 
 
— 
 the PLAGUE. 133 
 thefe often fuffered, and were infected on board as 
 much as on Shore. 
 
 As the richer Sort got into Ships, fo the lower Rank 
 got into Hoys, Smacks, Lighters, and Fifhing-boats ; 
 and many, efpecially Watermen, lay in their Boats ; 
 but thofe made fad Work of it, efpecially the latter, 
 for going about for Provifion, and perhaps to get their 
 Subiiftence, the Infection got in among them and made 
 a fearful Havock ; many of the Watermen died alone 
 in their Wherties, as they rid at their Roads, as well 
 above-Bridge as below, and were not found fometimes 
 till they were not in Condition for any Body to touch 
 orcome near them. 
 
 Indeed the Diftrefs of the People at this Sea-faring 
 End of the Town was very deplorable, and deferved 
 the greateft Commiferation : But alas! this wasa 
 a Time when every one’s private Safety lay fo near 
 them, that they had no Room to pity the Diftrefles 
 of others ; forevery one had Death, as ic were, ar his 
 Door, and many even in their Families, and knew not 
 What to do, or whither to fly. 
 
 This, I fay, took away all Compaffion ; {elf Pre- 
 fervation indeed appear’d here to be the firt Law. 
 For the Children ran away from their Parents, as 
 they lauguifhed in the utmoft Diftrefs: Andin fome 
 Places, tho’ not fo frequent as the other, Parents did 
 the like to their Children; nay, fome dreadful Ex- 
 amples there were, and particularly two in one Week 
 ot diftrefled Mothers, raveing and diftraged, killing 
 their own Children ; ane whereof was not far off from 
 where I dwelt ; the poor lunatick Creature not liv- 
 ing herfelf long enough to be fenfible of ‘the Sin of 
 what the had done, muchlefsto be punith’d for ir, 
 
 Itis not indeed to be wondred at, for the Danger of 
 immediate Death to ourfelves, took away all Bowels 
 ot Love, all Concern for one another: I {peak in ge- 
 neral, for thete were many Inftances of immovable 
 Afte&ion, Pity, and Duty in many, and fome that 
 
 came tomy Knowledg; that is to fay, by here-fay : 
 
 i] 
 
 For I fhall not take u pon me to vouch th¢dguth of 
 ee > - 1 = is 
 tue Particulars, K 3 ie 
 
—— 4 
 
 134 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 To introduce one, let me firft mention, that ong 
 ofthe moft deplorable Cafes, in all the prefent Calas 
 mity, was, that of Women with Child; who when 
 they cameto the Hour of their Sorrows, and their 
 Pains came upon them, cou’d neither have help of one 
 Kind or another; neither Midwife or Neigbouring 
 Women to come near them; moft of the Midwives 
 were dead ; efpecially, of fuch as ferv’d the poor; 
 and many, if not all the Midwives of Note were fled 
 into the Country : So that it was next to impoffible 
 for a poorWoman that cou’d not pay an immoderate 
 Price to get any Midwife to come to her, andif they 
 did, thofe they con’d get were generally unskilful 
 and ignorant Creatures ; and the Confequence of 
 this was, that a moft unufual and incredible Number 
 of Women were reduc’d to the utmoft diftrefs. Some 
 were deliverd and fpoil’d by the rafhnefs and igno- 
 rance of thofe who pretended to lay them. Children 
 without Number, were, I might fay murthered by 
 the fame, but a more juftifiable ignorance, pretending 
 they would fave the Mother, whatever became of 
 the Child; and many Times, both Mother and Child 
 were loft in the fame Manner ; and efpecially, where 
 the Mother had the Diftemper, there no Body would 
 come near them, and both fometimes perifh’d : Some 
 times the Mother has died of the Plague ; and the 
 Infant, it may be half born, or born but not parted 
 from the Mother. Some died in the very Painsoi 
 their Travel, and not deliver’d atall ; and fo many 
 werethe Cafes of this Kind, that it is hard to Judge 
 of them. 
 ~ Something of it will appear in the unufual Num 
 bers which are put into the Weekly Bills (tho’ 1 am 
 far trom allowing them to be able to give any Thing 
 of a full Account) under the Articles of 
 
 Child- Bed. 
 Abortive and Stilborn, 
 Chrifoms and Jufants. 
 | Take 
 
 | 
 
th PLAGUE. “135 
 
 Take the Weeks in which the Plague was moft 
 violent, and compare them with the Weeks before the 
 Diftemper began, even inthe fameYear: FurExample: 
 
 Child bed. Abort. Stil-boru. 
 
 Satie 3:10 Fal Os SA Se. 13 
 s0..27 oo 8 aha 
 to 2 FE Qe Fee ee 
 
 . igh Sor ees 
 From¢ ands t6.F A Te SF rr 3 ae 
 tO: 14 SE 6 ere, BY SRE 
 £0.81. SR oe eT 
 to 28 9s 2 oe PO 
 | Feb. 7.00 March 7 =- § — — 10 
 
 {| Aug, 3 to Ang. 8 —— 25 —— § — IE 
 fei. o-3g°s = See 8 
 to 323. 28 ee a ee 
 
 | £0.28 45 SS Oe 
 
 Froms 4ug.1 to Sept. 5 — 38 — 2 — It 
 to I2 == 39 — 23 — oo 
 QS 42 SS cieite 17 
 tO: 26° “= 42) — *-6 So EO 
 
 , 4g. 1 to OF0b.3 — 14 — 4 — 9 
 
 291 = 61 — 80 
 
 To the Difparity of thefe Numbers, is to be con= 
 fidered and allow’d for, that according to our ufual 
 Opinion, who were then upon the Spot, there were 
 not one third of the People inthe Town, during the 
 Months of Auguft and September, as were in the Months 
 of January and February : Ina Word, theufual Num- 
 bet that ufed todie of thefe three Articles; andas 
 {hear, did die of them the Year before, was thus: 
 
 6645 CBild-bed. —  —189 yg. SChild-bed. — — 625 
 +2 Abortive and Stil-born. 458 ——? & Abort. & Stil-borm. 617 
 647 1242 
 
 K 4 This 
 
136 MEMOIRS of 
 
 This inequallity, I fay, is exceedingly augmented, 
 
 when the Numbers of People are confidered : I pte. 
 tend nor to make any exact Calculation of the Num 
 
 bers of People, which were at this Time in the City; 
 
 but I fhall make a probable Conjecture at that patt 
 
 by and by: What [have {aid now, is to explain the 
 
 mifery of thofe poor Creatures above ; fo that it might 
 well be faid as in the Scripture. 170 ! be to rhofe ahe 
 ave with Child; and to thofe which give fuck in that Day. 
 For indeed, it wasa Wo to them in Particular. 
 
 I was not converfant in many particular Families 
 where thefe thingshappen’d ; but the Qut-cries of 
 the miferable, were heard afar off. As to thofe who 
 were with Child, we have feen fome Calculation 
 made 291 Women dead in Child bed in nine Weeks; 
 Out of one third Part of the Number, of whom there 
 ulually dy’d in that Time, but 48 of the fame Dif- 
 after. Let the Reader calculate the Proportion. 
 
 There is no Room to doubr, but theMifery of thole 
 that gave Suck, was in Proportion as great. Our 
 Bills of Mortality con’d give but little Light in this; 
 
 yet, fome it did, there were feveral more than ulual 
 ftarv’d at Nurfe, But this was nothing : The Mifery 
 was, where they were ( iff) ftarved for want ofa 
 Nurfe, the Mother dying, and allthe Family and the 
 infants found dead by them, meerly for want 3; and 
 if I may {peak my Opinion, I do believe, that many 
 hundreds of Poor helplefs Infants perifh’d in this mai 
 ner. (2dly) Not ftarved (bur poifon’d) by the Narfe, 
 Nay even where the Mother has been Nurfe, and 
 having receiv d the Infe@ion, has poifon’d, _ thatis, 
 infe&ted the Infant with her Milk, even before they 
 knew they were infected themfelves ; nay, and the In 
 fant has dy’d in fuch a Cafe before the Mother. I can 
 nat but remember to leave this Admonition upon Re- 
 cotd, ifeverfuch another dreadful Vifitation fhould 
 
 al 
 
 1a@ppen in this City ;that all Women that are withChild 
 r 
 
 that give Suck fhould be gone, if they have any po- 
 oS oS > / P 
 
 4 
 
E55, 
 the PLA GUE. 137 
 
 fible Means out of the Place; becaufe their Mifery 
 if infe&ted, will fo much exceed all other Peoples. 
 Tcouldtell here difmal Stories of living Infants bes 
 ing found fucking the Breafts of their Mothers, or 
 Nurfes, after they have been dead of the Plague. Of 
 a Mother, in the Parith where I liv'd, who having a 
 Child that was not well, fent for an A pothecary to 
 View the Child, and when he came, asthe Relation 
 goes, was giving the Child fuck at her Breaft, and 
 to all Appearance, was her felf very well: But when 
 the Apothecary came clofe’ to her, he faw the To. 
 kensupon that Breaft, with which the was fuckling 
 the Child. He was furpriz’d enough to be fure 3 
 butnot willing to fright the poor Woman too much, 
 he defired the would give the Child into his Hand ; 
 fo he takes the Child, and going to a Cradle ‘in the 
 Room lays it in, and opening its Cloths, found the 
 Tokens upon the Childtoo, and both dy’d before he 
 cou'd get Home, to fend a preventative Medicine to 
 the Father of the Child, to whom he had told their 
 Condition; whether the Child infe@ed the Nurfe- 
 Mother, or the Mother the Child was not certain, 
 but the laft the moft likely. 
 _ Likewife of a Child brought Home to the Parents 
 froma Nurfe that had dy’d of the Plague; yet; the 
 tender Mother would not refufe to take in her Child, 
 and lay’d it in her Bofom, by which the was infected, 
 and dy’d with the Child in her Arms dead alfo. 
 Itwould make the hardeft Heart move at the In- 
 flances that were frequently found of tender Mothers, 
 
 tending and watching with their dear Children, and: 
 
 even dying before them, and fometimes taking the 
 iftemper from them, and dying when the Child, for 
 whom the affeGionate Heart had been facrified, has 
 
 Ot Over it and efcap’d. 
 The like of a Trade(man in Eafi-Smith-field, whofe 
 ie wasbig with Child of her firkt Child, and fell 
 ‘a Labour, having the Plague upon her: He cou’d 
 heither get Midwife to afilt her, or Nurfeto tend 
 Net 5 
 
VA 
 138 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 rvants which he kept fled both from 
 her. He ran from Houfe to Houfe like one diftrat: 
 ed, but cou’d get no help 5 the utmoft he could get 
 was, that a Watchman who attended at an infeed 
 Houle fhut up, promis’d to fend a Nurfe in the Mor 
 ing: The poor Man with his Heart broke, went 
 back, affilted his Wife what he cou’d, acted the part 
 of the Midwife ; brought the Child dead into the 
 World; and his Wife in about an Hour dy’d. in his 
 Arms, where he held het dead Body. fait till the 
 Morning, whenthe Watchman came and brought the 
 Nurfe as he had promifed; and coming up the Staits, 
 for he had left the Door open, or only latched: 
 They found the Man fitting with his dead Wife in 
 his Arms ; and fo overwhelmed with Grief, that he 
 dy’d in a few Hours after, without any Sign 0 the 
 Infection upon him, but meerly funk under the Weight 
 of his Grief. 
 
 I have heard alfo of fome, who on the Death d 
 their Relations, have grown ftupid with the infup 
 portable Sorrow; and of one in particular, who was 
 {o abfolutely overcome with the Preffure upon his Spr 
 rits, that by Degrees, his Head funk into his Bod) 
 {o between his Shoulders, that the Crown of his Hea 
 was very little feen above the Bones of his Shouldetss 
 and by Degrees, lofeing both Voice and Senle, his 
 Face looking forward, lay againft his Collar-Bos’ 
 and cou’d not be kept up any otherwife, unlels hel 
 up by the Hands of other People ; and the poot Ma 
 never came to himfelf again, but languished neat # 
 Year inthat Condition and died: Nor washecit 
 once feen tolift up his Eyes, or to look upon at] 
 particular Objet. 
 
 cannot undertake to give any other than a Su 
 mary of fuch Paffages as thefe, becanfe it was not po 
 fible to come at the Particulars, where fomsetunes 
 the whole Families, where fuch Things happe® 
 were, carry’d off by che Diftemper: But there were 
 
 innumerable Cafes of this Kind, which prefente 
 \ tie 
 
 her; and two Se 
 
— 
 th PLAGUE. 139 
 
 " the Eye, and the Ear; even in pafling along the Streets, 
 as Ihave hinted above, nor is it eafy co give any 
 Story of this, or that Family, which there'was not 
 divers parallel Stories to met with of the fame Kind. 
 
 But as Iam now talking of the Time, when the 
 " Plague rag’d at the Eafter-moft Part of the Town ; 
 how for a long Time the People of thofe Parts 
 
 had flattered themfelves that they thould efcape ; and 
 ' how they were furprized, when it came upon them 
 * as it did ; for indeed, it came upon them like an atm- 
 ed Man, when it did come. I fay, this brings me 
 back to the three poor Men, who wandered from 
 |’ Wapping, not knowing whether to g0, or what to do, 
 
 and who I mention’d before; onea Bifcuit Baker, one 
 a Sail-Maker, and the other a Joiner; all of Wupping, 
 | or thereabouts: 
 
 The Sleepinefs and Security of that Part as I have 
 obferv'd, was fuch; that they not only did not thife 
 i for themfelves as others did; but they boalted of be- 
 il! ing fate, and of Safety being with them ; and man 
 i! People fled out of the City, and out of the infected Su- 
 burbs, to Wapping, Ratcliff, Lime houfe, Poplar, and 
 | fuch Places, as to Places of Security ; and it is not at 
 jt all unlikely, chat their doing this, help’d to bring 
 i? the Plague that way falter, than it might otherwife 
 
 } have come. For tho’ Iam much for Peoples flying 
 (| away and emptying fuch a Town 4s this, upon 
 0 the firft Appearance of a like Vifitation, and that 
 all People that have any poffible Retreat, fhould 
 is make nfe of it in Time, and begone ; yet, I muft fay, 
 when all that will fly are gone, thofe that are lefrand 
 jj mutt Randic, fhould ftand ftock ftill where they are, 
 
 and not dhift from one End of the Town, or one Pait 
 
 y of the Town to the other; for that is the Bane and 
 
 « Mifchief of the whole, and they carry the Plague 
 from Houfe to Houfe in their very Clothes. 
 
 Wherefore, were we ordered to kill all the Dogs 
 
 and Cats: But becaufe as they were domedtick 
 
 mals, 
 
SA 
 140 MEM OLRS of 
 
 mals, and are apt to run from Houfe to Honfe, and 
 from Street to Street; fo they are capable of catry- 
 ing the Effluvia ot Infe@ious Steams of Bodies in- 
 fected, even in their Furrs and Hair; and therefore, it 
 was that in the beginning of the Infe&tion, an Order 
 was publifhed by the Lord Mayor, and by the Magi- 
 firates, according to the Advice of the Phyficians; 
 that all the Dogs and Cats fhould be imediately kit 
 led, and an Officer was appointed for the Execution. 
 
 It is incredible, if their Account is to be depended 
 upon, what a prodigious Number of thofe Creatures 
 were deftroy’d: I think they talk’d of forty thoufand 
 Dogs, and five times as many Cats, few Houfes be- 
 ing without aCat, and fome having feveral, and fome- 
 times five or fix inaHoufe. All pomfible Endeavonrs 
 were us’d alfo to deftroy the Mice and Rats, efper 
 cially the latter; by laying Rars-Bane, and othet 
 Poifons for them, and a prodigious multitude of them 
 were alfo deftroy’d. 
 
 I often reflected upon the unprovided Condition, 
 that the whole Body of the People were in at tht 
 firft coming of this Calamity upon them, and how 
 it was for Want of timely entring into Meafures, and 
 Managements, as well publick as private, that all 
 thie Confufions that followed were brought upon uss 
 and that fuch a prodigious Number of People fusk 
 in that Difafter, which if proper Sreps had bect 
 taken, might, Providence concurring, have been # 
 voided, and which, if Poftericy think fit, they maj 
 take a Caution, and Warning from: But I fhall come 
 to this Part again. 
 
 I come back to my three Men: Their Story hasé 
 Moralin every Part of it, and their whole Conduct, 
 and that’ of {ome who they join’d with, is a Pater 
 for all poor Mento follow, or Women either, if evet 
 fuch a Time comes again ; and if there was no othet 
 End in recording it, I thing this a very jaft one, whe: 
 ther my Account be exactly according to Fact or no 
 
 Two of them are {aid tobe Brothers, the one a! 
 
 old Soldier, but now a + Baker ; the other4 
 fame 
 
: SS 
 / the PLAGUE a 
 
 ty lame Sailor, but now a Sail-Maker; the Third a 
 | Joiner. Says ohn the Bifcuit Baker, one Day to 
 Thomas his Brother, the Sail-maker, Brother ‘Tom, 
 what will become of us? The Plague grows hot in the City, 
 and encreafes this way : What fhall we do? 
 
 Traly, fays Thomas, Iam at a great Lofs what to do, 
 for I find, if it comes down into Wapping, 1 fball be turn’d 
 out of my Lodging: And thus they began to talk of it 
 ~ beforehand. 
 
 * John, Turn’d out of your Lodging, Tom! if you are, 
 ": T don’t know who will take you in; for People are fo afraid 
 of one another now, there’s no getting a Lodging any where. 
 
 Tho. Why ? The People where I lodge ave good civil 
 People, and have Kindnefs enough for me too; but they 
 8 fay 1 go abroad every Day to my Work, and it will be dan- 
 » gerous ; and they talk of locking themfelves up, aud letting 
 “no Body come near them. 
 
 _ John, Why, they are in the right tobe fure, if they re- 
 i folue to venture fraying in Town. 
 _ Tho. Nay, I might e’en refolve to ftay within Doors 
 \ 200, for, except a Suit of Sails that my Mafter has in Hand, 
 
 aud which I am juft a finifbing, Lam like to get no more 
 \’ Work agreat while ; there’s no Trade flirs now; Work- 
 men and Servants are tuned off every where, forhat I might 
 be glad to be lock’d up too: But I do not fee they will be 
 willing to confent to that, any more than to the other. 
 
 John, Why, what will you do then Brother 2 and what 
 fhall I do? jor I am almoft as bad as you; the People where 
 [lodge ave all gone into the Country but a Maid, and fhe is 
 10 go next Week, and to fhut the Houfe quite up, fo that I 
 fhall be turn’d a drift to the wide World before you, and I 
 am refolved to go away too, if Iknew but where to go. 
 
 Tho. We were both diftrated we did not go away at 
 i firft, then we might ha’ travelled any where ; there’s no ftir- 
 
 ring now; we foal be flare’d if we pretend to go out of 
 
 Lown; they won't let us have Vittuals, m0, aot for our 
 
 Money, nor let us come into the Ti wis, much lefs into their 
 
 ohn, 
 
142 mite of 
 
 Johns And that which is almoft as bad, I have but littl 
 Money to help my Jelf with neither. 
 
 Tho, As to that we might make {oift ; Ihave'a luth, 
 tho not much ; but Itell you there's no ftirring on the Road, 
 I know a Couple of poor honeft Men in our Street have at 
 tempted to travel, aud at Barnet, or Wherfton, or thee 
 about, the People offered to fire at them if they pretendedin 
 go forward ; fo they ave come back again quite difcourag'd, 
 
 John, J would have ventured their Fire, if I had bem 
 there ; If Thad been denied Food for my Mon-y they foould 
 ha’ feen me take it before their Faces ; and if I bad teow 
 dred Mouey for it, they could not have taken any Courfe with 
 me by Law. 
 
 Tho. You talk your old Soldier's Language, as if you 
 were inthe Low-Countris now, but this is a ferious thing. 
 The People have good Reaf:n to keep any Body off, that 
 they ave not fatished are found, at fuch a Time as this; 
 and we muft not plunder them. 
 
 John, No Brother, you miftake the Cafe, and miftakt 
 ine too, I would plunder no Body; but for any Town upm 
 the Road to deny me Leave to pafs thro’ the Town intht 
 open High-Way, and deny me Provifions for my Money, t 
 to fay the Town has a Right to flarve me to Death, whith 
 cannot be true. 
 
 Tho. But they do not deny you Liberty to go back agai 
 fiom whence you came, and therefore they do not frarve ym. 
 
 John, But the next Town behind me will by the fame 
 Rule deny me leave to go back, and fo they do ftarve me 
 between them ; befides there is no Law to prohibit my travel- 
 ling wherever I will on the Road. 
 
 Tho. But there will be fo much Difficulty in difputing 
 with them at every Town on the Road, that it is not for 
 poor Mex to do it, or to undertake it at fuch a Time as thi 
 is efpecially. 
 
 John, Why Brother ? Our Condition at this Rate is wore 
 than any Bodies elfe; for we can neither go away nor fay 
 here ; Lam of the fame Mind with the Lepers of Samatia, 
 lf we fay here we are fureto die; J mean efpeciall 
 as you and Lave flated, without a Dwelling-Houfe of mt 
 
 f~ owl, 
 
j 
 f 
 
 a 
 the PLAGUE. 143 
 
 own, and without Lodging in any Bodies elfe; there is no 
 lying in the Street at fuch a Time as this; we had as good 
 go into the Dead Cart at once: Therefore Lfay, if we itay 
 here we are fure to die, and if wego away we can but 
 die: Iam refolv’d to be gone. 
 
 Tho. You will go away : Whither will you go? and 
 what can you do? I would as willingly go away as you, if 
 I knew whither : But we have no Acquaintance, no Friends, 
 Here we were born, and here we muft die. 
 
 John, Look you Tom, the whole Kingdom is my Na- 
 tive Country as well as this Town. You may as well fay, f 
 muft not go out of my Honfe if it is ow Five, as that I muft 
 not go out of the Town Iwas born in, when it is infected 
 with the Plague. I was born in England, and have a 
 Right to live in it if I can. 
 
 Tho. But you know every vagrant Perfon may by the 
 Lawsof England, be taken up, and pafs’d back to their 
 daft legal Settlement, 
 
 John, But how fhall they make me vagrant ; I defire only 
 to travel on, upon my lawful Occafions. 
 
 Tho. What lawful Occafions can we pretend to tra- 
 vel, or rather wander upon, they will not be put off with 
 Words. 
 
 John, Lnot flying to fave our Lives, a Lawful Oc- 
 cafton! and do they net all know that the Faét is true - We 
 cannot be faid to diffemble. 
 
 Tho. But fuppofe they let us pafi, Whither Shall we go ? 
 
 John, Any where to fave our Lives: It is Time enough 
 10 coufider that when we are got out of this Town. If lam 
 once out of this dreadful Place J cave not where I go. 
 
 Lho. We fhall be driven to great Extremities. I know 
 not what to think of it. 
 
 John, Well Tom, confder of ita little 
 
 This was about the Beginning of Fuly, and tho’ 
 the Plague was come torward in the Weft and North 
 Parts of the Town, yet all Mapping, as 1 have ob-= 
 ferved before, and Redy if, and Ratcliff, and Lime- 
 Houfe, and Poplar, in thort, Deptford and ee 
 
 a 
 
144 “x MOIRS of 
 
 all both Sides of the River from the the Hermitage, 
 and from over againft ic, quite down to Blackwal 
 was intirely free, there had not one Perfon died of 
 the Plague in all Stepuey Parifh, and not one onthe 
 South Side of White Chappel Road, no, not in any 
 Parifh ; and yet the Weekly Bill was that very Week 
 rifen upto 1006. 
 
 It was a Fortnight after this, before the the two 
 Brothers met again, and then the Cafe was alittle 
 altered, and the Plague was exceedingly advanced, 
 and the Number greatly encreafed, the Bill was up 
 at 2785, and prodigioufly encreafing, tho’ ftill both 
 Sides of the River, as below, kept pretty well: But 
 fome began to die in Redviff, and about five orfix 
 in Ratclif-High-Way, when the Sail Maker came 
 to his Brother Sohn, exprefs, and in fome Fright, 
 for he was abfolutely warn’d out of his Lodging, 
 and had only a Week to provide himfelf. His Bro- 
 ther Fohz was in as bad a Cafe, for he was quite out 
 andthad only beg’d Leave of his Matter the Bifcutt 
 Baker to lodge in an Out-Houfe belonging to his 
 Work-houfe, where he only lay upon Straw, with 
 fome Bifcuit Sacks, or Bread-Sacks, as they calid 
 them, laid upon it, and fome of the fame Sacks 
 cover him. , 
 
 Here they refolved, feeing all Employment being 
 atan End, and no Work, or Wages to he had, they 
 would make the beft of their Way to get out of the 
 Reach of the dreadful InfeG&ion ; and being 3& 
 good Husbands as they could, would endeavour t0 
 live upon what they had as long as it would lal, 
 and then work for more, if they could get Work any 
 where, of any Kind, let it be what it would. 
 
 While they were confidering to put rhis Refoli 
 tion in Practice, in the beft Manner they could, 
 the third Man, who was acquainted very well with 
 the Sail Maker, came to know of the Defign, and 
 got Leave to be one of the Number, and thus they 
 
 prepared to fet out. , 
 o~ 
 
— 
 the PLAGUE. 145 
 
 It happened that they had not an equal fhare of 
 Money, but as the Sail-maker, who had the beft 
 Stock, was befides his being Lame, the moft unfit 
 to expect to get any thing by Working in the Coun- 
 try, fo he was content that what Money they had 
 fhould all go into one publick Stock, on Condition, 
 that whatever any one of them could gain mote than 
 another, it fhould, without any grudging, be all ad- 
 ded to the fame publick Stock. 
 
 They refolv’d to load themfelves with as little 
 Baggage as poflible, becaufe they refolv’d at firfk to 
 travel on Foot; and to goa great way, that they 
 might, if poffible, be eftectually Safe; anda great 
 many Confultations they had with themfelves,before 
 they could agree about what Way they fhould tra- 
 vel, which they were fo far from adjufting, that even 
 to the Morning they fet out, they were not refolv’d 
 on it. 
 
 At laft the Seaman put in a Hint that determin’d 
 it; Firft, fays he, the Weather is very hot, and therc* 
 fore 1am for travelling North, that we may not 
 have the Sun upon our Faces and beating on our 
 Breafts, which wiil heat and fuffccate us; and J have 
 been told, fays he, that it is not good to over-heat 
 our Blood at a Time when, for ought we know, the 
 InfeGion may be in the very Air. In the next Place, 
 fays he, I am for going the Way that may be con- 
 trary to the Wind as it may blow when we fet out, 
 that we may not have the Wind blow the Air of the 
 City on our Backs as we go. Thefe two Cautions were 
 approv'd of ; if it could bebrought foto hit, that the 
 Wind might not be in the South when they fet out 
 to go North. 
 
 _ Fobn the Baker, who had been a Soldier, then put 
 in his Opinion ; Firft, fays he, we none of us ex- 
 pe& to get any Lodging on the Road, and ir will 
 be a little too hard to lie juft in the open 
 
 Air; tho’ it be warm Weather, yet it may be wet, 
 and 
 
4 
 
 6 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 14 
 and damp, and we have a ‘double Reafon to 
 take care of our HMealths at fuch a time-as this; 
 and therefore, fays he, you, Brother ‘Yom. that are 
 a Sail-maker, might eafily makeus a little Tent, 
 and I will undertake to fet it up every ‘Night, and 
 take it down, and a Fig for ali the Inns in England; 
 if we have a gocd Tent over our Heads, we fhall do 
 well enough. 
 
 The Joyner oppos’d this, and told them, let them 
 leave that to him, he would undertake to-build-them 
 a Houfe every Night with his Hatchet ‘and Mallet, 
 tho’ he had no other T'ools, ‘which fhould be fully te 
 their fatisfaction, and as good as a Tent. 
 
 The Soldier and the Joyner difputed ‘that Point 
 fome time, but at laft the Soldier carry’d it fora 
 Tent; the only ObjeGtion againft ic was, that it 
 mutt be carry’d with them, and. that would encreafe 
 their Baggage too much, the Weather heing hot; but 
 the Sail-maker had a piece of good Hap fell in which 
 made that eafie, for, his Maiter-who he worlrdifor 
 having a Rope-Walk as weil as ‘his Sail-making 
 Trade, had a little poor Horfe that he made noule 
 of then,.and being willing co affift the three honelt 
 Men, he gave them the Horfe for the carrying thei 
 Baggage; alfo for a {mall Matter of three Days Work 
 that his Man did for him before he went, he let him 
 have an old ‘Yop-gallant Sail that was worn out; but 
 was fufficient and more than enough to make a very 
 good Tent: The Soldier fhew’d how to fhape it, and 
 they foon by his Direétion made their Tent, and fit- 
 ted it with Poles or Staves for the purpofe, and thus 
 they were furnifh’d for their Journey ; v/z.three’Men, 
 ove Tent, one Horfe, one Gun, for the Soldier would 
 not go without Arms, for now he faid he was no 
 more a Bifcuit-Baker, but a Trooper. 
 
 The Joyner had a fmall Bag of Tools, fuch as might 
 be ufeful if he fhould get any Work abroad, as well 
 for their Subfiftence as his own : What Money ret 
 
 a 
 
 / 
 
SS 
 
 te PLAGUE. 147 
 had, they brought all into one publick Stock, and 
 thus they began their Journey. It feems thar in the 
 Morning when they fet out, the Wind blew as the 
 Saylor faid by his Pocket Compafs, at N. W.by W. 
 So they direéted, or rather refolv’d to dire@ their 
 Courfe N. W. 
 
 But then a Difficulty came in their Way, that as 
 they fet out from the hither end of Wapping near 
 the Hermitage, and that the Plague was now very 
 Violent, efpecially on the North fide of the City, 
 as.in Shoreditch and Cripplegate Parifh, they did not 
 think it fafe for them to go near thofe Parts; fo 
 they went away Eaft through Radcliff High-way, as 
 far as Radcliff-Crofs, and leaving Stepney Church {till 
 on their Lett-hand, being afraid to come up from 
 Radcliff-Crofs to Mile-end, becaufe they mult come 
 juft by the Church-yard, and becaufe the Wind that 
 feemed to blow more from the Welt, blow’d dire@ly 
 from the fide of the City where the Plague. was hot- 
 teft- So I fay, leaving Stepney, they fetched a long 
 Compafs, and going to Poplar and Bromley, came in- 
 to the great Road jult at Bow. 
 
 Here the Watch.plac’d upon Bew Bridge would 
 have queltion’d them; but they crofling the Road 
 into. a narrow. Way that turns out at the hither End 
 of the Town of Bow to Old-Ford, avoided any En- 
 quiry there, .and travelled to O/d-Iurd. The Con- 
 fiables every where .were upon their Guard, not fo 
 much it{feems to ftop People paffing by, as to ftop 
 them from taking up.their Abode in their Towns, 
 and .withal -becaufe of a Report that was newly 
 xaisd.at that time, and that indeed was not very 
 improbable, viz. That .the poor People in London 
 being diftrefs’d and ftary’d for want of Work, and by 
 that means for want of Bread, were up in Arms, and 
 had raifed a Tumult, and that they. would come out 
 to all the Towns round to plunder for Bread. This, 
 I fay, was only a Rumour, and it was yery well it 
 was 
 
 5 
 te 
 
 ay 
 
=A 
 148 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 was no more ; but it was not fo far off from being a 
 Reality, as it has been thought, for in a few Weeks 
 more the poor People became fo Defperate by the 
 Calamity they fufter’d, that they were with great 
 difficulty kept from running out into the Fields 
 and Towns, and tearing all in pieces where-ever 
 
 they came ; and, as I have obferved before, nothing 
 
 hinder’d them but that the Plague rag’d fo violem- 
 ly, and fell in upon them fo furioufly, that they ra 
 ther went to the Grave by Thoufands than into 
 the Fields in Mobs by Thoufands: For in the Parts 
 about the Parifhes of St. Sspulchres, Clerkenwell, Crip- 
 plegate, Bifhcpfzate and Shoreditch, which were the 
 Places where the Mob began to threaten, the Di- 
 flemper came on fo furioufly, that there died in thofe 
 few Parifhes,even then, before the Plague was come 
 to its height, no lefs than 5361 People in the firk 
 three Weeks in 4ugu/t,when at the fame time,the Parts 
 about Wapping, Radcliffe, and Rotherhith, were, as 
 before defcrib’d, hardly touch’d, or but very light- 
 ly ; fo that in a Word, tho’, as I {aid before, the 
 good Management of the Lord Mayor and Jultices 
 did much to prevent the Rage and Defperation of 
 the People from breaking out in Rabbles and Tu- 
 mults, and in fhort, from the Poor plundering the 
 Rich; I fay, tho’ they did much, the Dead Carts 
 did more, for as I have faid, that in five Pa- 
 rifhes only there died above s000 in 20 Days, f 
 there might be probably three times that Number 
 Sick ‘all that time; for fome recovered, and great 
 Numbers fell fick every Day and died afterwards. 
 Befides, 1 muft ftill be allowed to fay, that if the 
 Bills of Mortality faid five Thoufand, I always be- 
 liev’d it was neat tWice as many in reality; there 
 being no room to believe that the Account they 
 gave was right, or that indeed, they were, among 
 fuch Confufions as Ifaw them in, in any Condition 
 “to keep an exact Account. 
 
 BD 
 
 But 
 
WS 
 the PLLAGUE. 149 
 But to return to my Travellers; Here they were 
 only examined, and as they feemed rather coming 
 from the Country than from the City, they found 
 the People the eafier with them ; that they talk’d to 
 them, let them come into a publick Houfe where 
 
 the Conftable and his Warders were, and gave them 
 
 Drink and fome Viduals, which greatly refrefhed and 
 
 encourag’d them ; and here it came into their Heads 
 
 to fay, when they fhould be enquir’d of afterwards, 
 not that they came from Loudon, but that they came 
 out of Effex. 
 
 To forward this little Fraud, they obtain’d fo 
 
 much Favour of the Conftable at O/d-Furd, as to give 
 them a Certificate of their paffing from Efex thro’ 
 that Village, and that they had not been at Loudox ; 
 which tho’ falfe in the common acceptation ot Loudoxz 
 in the County, yet was literally true ; Wapping or 
 Radcliff being no part either of the City or Liberty. 
 ' This Certificate dire&ted to the next Conftable 
 that was at Aummerton, one of the Hamlets of the 
 Parifh of Hackney, was fo ferviceable tothem, that 
 jt procurcd them not a free Paflage there only, but 
 a full Certificate of Health from a Juftice of the 
 Peace ; who, upon the Conftable’s Application,grant- 
 ed it without much Difficulty ; and thus they pafs’d 
 through the long divided Town of Hackuey,(tor it lay 
 then in feveral feparated Hamlets} and travelled on 
 till they came into the great North Road on the 
 top of Stamford- Hill. 
 
 By this time they began to be weary,and fo in the 
 back Road from Hackirey a little before it opened in- 
 to the faid great Road, they refolv’d to fet up their 
 Tent and encamp for the fir Night ; which they did 
 accordingly, with this addition, that finding a Barn, 
 ora Building like a Barn, and firft fearching as well 
 as they could to be fure there was no Body in it, 
 they fer up their Tent, with the Head of it againft 
 the Barn; this they did alfo becaufe the Wind _— 
 
 > 
 
 <2." 
 
150 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 that Night very high, and they were but young 
 at fuch a way of Lodging, as well as at the managing 
 their Tent C. 
 
 Here they went to Sleep, but the Joyner, a grave 
 and fober Man, and not pleafed with their lying at 
 this loofe rate the firft Night, cou Id not fleep, and 
 refolv’d, after trying to Sleep to no purpofe, that he 
 would get out, and taking the Gun in his Hand 
 fland Centinel and Guard his Companions : $0 
 with the Gun in his Hand he walk’d to and again 
 before the Barn, for that ftood in the Field near the 
 Road, but within the Hedge. He had not been 
 long upon the Scout, but he heard a Noife of Peo- 
 ple coming on as if it had been a great Number, 
 and they came on, as he aoe ht, direGtly towards 
 the Barn. He did not prefently awake his Compa- 
 nions, but ina few Minutes more their Noife grow- 
 ing louder and ae t Bi {cuit-Baker cal ree 
 him and ask’d him what was the Matter, and quicl 
 ly ftarted out too : The o other being the Lame Sail 
 maker and moft w Sate lay ftillin the Tent 
 
 As they expected, fo the People who they had 
 heard, camie on directly to the Barn, when one of 
 our Travellers challenged, like Soldiers upon the 
 Guard, with Who comes there? The People did not 
 Anfwer immediately, but one of them {pease to 
 another that was behind him, A/as ! Alas! we art 
 1, fays he, here aré fomi People before us, 
 
 up. 
 
 C 
 he 
 D 
 
 2 3 RE 7 
 
 They all | flopp’d upon that as under fome Sur- 
 prize, and it feems there was about Thirteen of 
 them in all, and fome W omen among them: They 
 confulted together % hat they fhould do, and by 
 their Difcourfe our 7 rareliers {con found they were 
 oor diftrefs’d People too like themfelves, feeking 
 Shelter and Safety; and befides, our Travellers had 
 vio need to be afraid of their coming up to difturb 
 tern ; for as foon as they heard the Words, Win 
 
tte PLAGUE. 15t 
 
 comes there, thefe could hear the. Women fay, as 4 
 frighted, Do not. go near them, how do you know t 
 they may-have the Plague? Andwhen one of the } 
 faid, Let us but fpeak to them ; the Women faid, NY, 
 don’t by any means, we have éfeap’d thus far by the 
 Goodnefs of God, do wot let us run into, Danger nor, 
 we befecch you. 
 
 Our Travellers found by this. that th ¢ 
 good fober fort-of People and flying for their Lives 
 as they were; and, as they were encourag d by it, fo 
 Fobn faid to the Joyner his Comrade, Let us Encourage 
 them too-as muchas we can: Sohe called to them, / 
 ye good People {ays the Joyner, we find by your 
 thac you are fleeing trom the {ame dreadful Enemy 
 as'we are, do not be afraid of us, we are only three 
 poor Men of us, if you are free from the Diftemper 
 you fhall not be hurt by us ; we are not in the Barn, 
 but in a little Fent here in the outfide, and we will 
 remove for you, we can fet up our Tent again im- 
 mediately any where: elfe; and upon this a Parly 
 began between the Joyner, whofe Name was Richard, 
 and one of their Men, who faid his Name was Fi rd, 
 i Fd. And do yowaflure us that you are all Sound 
 Men. 
 
 Rich. Nay, we ave concern’d to tell you of it, 
 
 vee @ 
 a 
 ral 
 
 o 
 
 h : 
 
 that you may not be uneafy, or think your felves in 
 Danger ; but you fee we do not defire you fhould 
 put your felves into any Danger; and therefore I 
 tell you, that aswe have not made ufe of the Barn, 
 fo we will remove from it, that you may be Safe 
 and we alfo. 
 _ Ford. That is very kind and charitable ; But, if we 
 have Reafon to be fatisfied that you are Sound and 
 free from the Vifitation, why fhould we make you 
 remove now you are fettled in your Lodging, and 
 it may be are laid down to Reft ? we wall go into 
 the Barn if you pleafe, to reft our felves a W hile, and 
 we need not difturb. you. 
 
 L 4 Rich. 
 
 ey 
 
A 
 152 MEMOIRS of 
 
 Rich. Well, but you are more than we are, I hope 
 you will affure us that you are all of you Sound too, 
 for the Danger is as great from you to us, as from 
 us to you. 
 
 Ford. Blefled be God that fome do efcape tho’ it 
 is but few ; what may be our Portion ftill we know 
 not, but hitherto we are preferved. 
 
 Rich. What part of the Town do you come from? 
 Was the Plague come to the Places where you 
 liv’d 2 
 
 Ford. Ay ay, in a moft frightful and terrible man- 
 ner, or elfe we had not fled away as we do; but we 
 believe there will be very few left alive behind us. 
 
 Rich. What Part da you come from ? 
 
 Ford. We are moft of us of Cripplegate Parifh, on- 
 ly two or three of Clerkenwell Parifh, but on the hi- 
 ther fide. 
 
 Rich. How then was it that you came away no 
 fooner ? 
 
 Fird. We have been away fome time, and kept 
 together as well as we could at the hither End of 
 Ifington, where we got leave to lie in an old unin- 
 habited Houfe, and had fome Bedding and Conve- 
 niencies of our own that we brought with us, but 
 the Plague is come up into J/fington too, and a Houle 
 next Door to our poor Dwelling was Infected and 
 fhut up, and we are come away in a Fright. 
 
 Rich, And what Way are you going? 
 
 Fird. As our Lott fhall caft us, we know not 
 whither, but God will Guide thofe. thar look up 
 to him. 
 
 They parlied no further at that time, but came 
 all up to the Barn, and with fome Difficulty got 
 into it: There was nothing but Hay in the Barn, 
 but it was almoft full of that, and they accommo- 
 
 dated themfelves as well as they cou’d, and went to 
 Reft; but our Travellers obferv’d, that before they 
 went to Sleep, an antient Man, who it feems was 
 
 F ather 
 fm 
 
the PLAGUE, 153 
 
 Father of One of the Women, went to Prayer with 
 all the Company, recommending rhemfelves to the 
 Blefing and Direction of Providence, before they 
 went to Sleep. 
 
 It was foon Day at that timeof tlt Year; and as 
 Richard the Joyner had kept Guard the firft-part of 
 the Night, fo Fobu the Soldier Reliev’d him, and 
 he had the Poft in the Morning, and they began 
 to be acquainted with one another. It feems, when 
 they left J/iugtoz, they intended to have gone North 
 away to Highgate, but were ftop’d at H.dlway, and 
 there they would not let them pafs ; fo they crofs’d 
 over the Fields and Hills to the Eaftward, and 
 came out at the Boarded- River, and fo avoiding th 
 Towns, they left Horufey on the left Hand, and New- 
 ington on the right Hand, and came into the great 
 Road about Stamfurd-Hill on that fide, as the three 
 Travellers had done on the other fide : And now they 
 had Thoughts of going over the River in the Mar- 
 fhes, and make forwards to Epping Foreft, where shey 
 hoped they fhould get leave to Reft. It feems they 
 were not Poor, at leaft not fo Poor asto be in Want; 
 at leaft they had enough to fubfift them moderately 
 for two or three Months, when, as they faid they 
 were in Hopes the cold Weather would check the 
 Infeétion, or at leaft the Violence of it would have 
 fpent itfelf, and would abate, if it were only for want 
 of People left alive to be Infeéted. 
 
 This was much the Fate of our three Travellers ; 
 only that they feemed to be the better furnifh’d for 
 Travelling, and had it in their View to go further 
 off ; for as to the firft, they did not propofe to go 
 farther than one Day’s Journey, that fo the y might 
 have Intelligence every two or three Days how 
 Things were at London. 
 
 But here our Travellers found themfelves un- 
 der an unexpeGed Inconvenience namely, that 
 of their Horfe, for by means. of the Horfe to 
 garry their Baggage, they were obliged to keep 
 
 in 
 a 
 
4 
 154 MEMOIRS of 
 
 keep in the Road, whereas the People of this other 
 Band went over the Fields or Roads, Path or no 
 Path, Way, or no Way, as they pleafed ; neither had 
 they any Occafion to pafs thro’ any Town, of come 
 
 near any Town, other than to buy fuch ‘Phings as - 
 
 they wanted for their neceflary Subfiftence, and in 
 that indeed they were put to much Difficulty: Of 
 which in its Place. 
 
 But our three Travellers were oblig’d to Keep the 
 Road, orelfe they muft commit Spoil and do the 
 Country a gtéat deal of Damage in breaking down 
 Fences and Gates, to go over enclofed Fields, whielr 
 they were loth to do if they could help it. 
 
 Our three Travellers however hada great Mind 
 to join themfelves to this Company, and take 
 their Lot with them ; and after fome Difcourfe, they 
 laid afide their firft Defign which look’d Northward, 
 and refolv’d to follow the other into E/fx ; fo m the 
 Morning they tcok up: their Tent and loaded ther 
 Horfe, and away they travelled all together, 
 
 They had fome Difficulty in paffing the Ferty at 
 the River fide, the Ferry-Man being afraid of them; 
 but.after fome Parly at a Diftance, the Ferry-Man 
 was content to bring his Boat to a Place diftant from 
 the ufual Ferry, and leave ic there for them 1 
 take it; fo putting chemfelves over, he direéred them 
 to leave the Boat, and he having. another Boat, 
 {aid he would fetch it again, which it feems however 
 he did not do for above Eight Days. 
 
 Here giving the Ferry-Man Money before-hand, 
 they had a fupply of Victuals.and Drink, which he 
 brought and leftinthe Boat for them, but not with- 
 out, as I faid, having receiv’d the Mony befcre-hand, 
 But now our Travellers were at a great Lofs and 
 Difficulty how to get the Horfe over, the Boat be- 
 ing fmall and not fit for it, and at laft cou’d not do 
 j- without unloading the Baggage, and making him 
 
 {wim over, 
 
 From 
 
 ee ae ae 
 
 = co. 
 
Seely 
 the PLAGUE. 155 
 
 From thé River they travelled towards the Foreft, 
 but when they came to Walthamftow the People of 
 that Town denied to admit them, as was the Cafe 
 every where: The Conftables and their Watchmen 
 kept them off at a Diftance, and Parly’d with them ; 
 they gave the fame Account of themfelvés as before, 
 but thefe gave no Credit to what they faid, giving 
 it fora Reafori that two or three Companies had al- 
 ready comé that Way and made the like Prétences, 
 but that they had given feveral People the Diftem= 
 per in the Towns where they had pafs’d, and had 
 been afterwards fo hardly us’d by the Country, 
 tho’ with Juftice too, as they had deferv’d ; that a- 
 bout Brext-Wood or that Way, feveral of them Pe- 
 rifh’d in the Fields, whether of the Plague, or of 
 mere Want and Diftrefs, they could not tell. 
 
 This was a good Reafon indeed why the People 
 of Walthamftow fhou’d be very cautious, aid why 
 they fhou’d refolve not to entertain any Body that 
 they were not well fatisfied of. But as Richard the 
 Joyner, and one of the other Mén who parly’d with 
 them told them, it was no Reafon why they fhouid 
 block up the Roads, atid refufe to let People pafs 
 thro’ the Town, and who ask’d nothing of them, but 
 to go through the Street: That if their People were 
 afraid of them, they might-go into their Houfes and 
 fhut their Doors, they would neither fhow them 
 Civility nor Incivility, but go on about their Bufinefs. 
 
 The Conftablés and Attendants, not to be per- 
 {waded by Reafos, continued Obftinate, and wou’d 
 hearken tonothing ; fo the two Men that talk’d with 
 them went back to their Fellows, to confult what 
 was to be done: It was very difcouraging in the 
 whole, and they knew not what to do fora good 
 while: But at laft Yohz the Soldier and Bifcuit- Baker 
 confidering a-while, Come, fays he, leave the reft of 
 the Parly to me; he had not appear’d yet, fo he 
 fets the Joyner Richard to Work to cut fome Poles 
 
 out 
 
156 MEMOTIRS Of 
 
 out of the Trees, and fhape them as like Guns as 
 he could, and ina little time he had five or fix fair 
 Muskets, which ata Diftance would not be known; 
 and about the Part where the Lock of a Gun is 
 he caufed them to wrap Cloths and Rags, fuch as 
 they had, as Soldiers do in wet Weather, to pre- 
 ferve the Locks of their Pieces from Ruff, the reft 
 was difcolour’d with Clay or Mud, fuch as they 
 could get; and all this while the reft of them fat 
 under the Trees by his Direétion, in two or three 
 Bodies, where they made Fires at a good Diftance 
 from one another. 
 
 While this was doing,he advanc’d himfelf and two 
 or three with him, and fet up their Tent in the Lane 
 within fight of the Barrier which the Town’s Men 
 had made, and fet a Centinel juft by ic with the re- 
 al Gun, the only one they had, and who walked to 
 and fro with the Gun on his Shoulder, fo as that 
 the People of the Town might fee them; alfo he 
 ty’d the Horfe to a Gate in the Hedge juft by, and 
 got fome dry Sticks together and kindled a Fire on 
 the other fide of the Tent, fo that the People of the 
 Town cou’d fee the Fire and the Smoak, but cou'd 
 not fee what they were doing at it. 
 
 ‘After the Country People had fook’d upon them 
 very carneftly a great while, and by all that they 
 could fee, cou’d not but fuppofe that they were 4 
 great many in Company, they began to be uneafie, 
 not for their going away, but for ftaying where 
 they were ; and above ail perceiving they had Hor- 
 fes and Arms, for they had feen one Horfe and one 
 Gun at the Tent, and they had feen others of them 
 walk about the Field on the infide of the Hedge, 
 by the fide of the Lane with their Muskets, as they 
 rook them tobe, Shoulder’d: I fay, upon fuch @ 
 Sight as this,you may be affured they were Ajarnvé 
 and terribly Frighted; and it feems they went t0@ 
 Juftice of the Peace to know what they fhould 40; 
 
 what the Jultice advisd them to I. know net 
 but 
 
 i. 
 
the PLAGUE. 157" 
 
 but towards Evening they call’d from the Barrier, 
 as above, to the Centinel at the Tent. 
 
 What do ye want ? {ays Fobn* 
 
 Why, what do ye intend to do? {ays the Conftable. 
 
 To do, fays John, What wou'd you have us to do? 
 
 Conft. Why don’t you be gone ? what do you ftay 
 there for ? 
 
 Joba. Why do you ftop us on the King’s Highway, 
 and pretend to refufe us Leave to go on our Way ? 
 
 Conft. We are not bound to tell you our Reafon, 
 though we did let you know, it was becaufe of the 
 Plague. 
 
 Fohu. We toid you we were all found, and free from 
 the Plague, which we were not bound to have fatis- 
 fied you of, and yet you pretend to ftop us on the 
 Highway. 
 
 Conft. We have a Right to ftop it up, and our own 
 Safety obliges us to it ; befides this is not the King’s 
 Highway, ‘tis a Way upon Sufferance ; you fee here 
 is a Gate, and if we do let People pafs here, we make 
 them pay Toll ? 
 
 John, We have a Right to feck our own Safety as 
 Well as you, and you may fee we are flying for our 
 Lives, and ’tis very unchriftian and unjuft to ftop 
 us. 
 
 Conft. You may go back from whence you came’ = 
 we do not hinder you from that. 
 
 Foln: No, it is a ftronger Enemy than you that 
 keeps us ftom doing that ; or elfe we fhould not ha’ 
 come hither. 
 
 Conft. Well, you may go any other way then. 
 
 rr epee 
 
 * It feems Fobn was in the Tent, but hearing them call 
 he fteps out, and taking the Gun upon his Shoulder, talk’d 
 to them as if he had been the Centinel plac’d there upon 
 the Guard by fome Officer that was his Superior. 
 
 Foba. 
 
— 
 158 MEMOTRS of 
 
 Joba. No, no: I fuppofe you fee we are able‘ 
 fend you going, and all the People of your Parifh, 
 and come thro’ your Town, when we will ; but fince 
 you have ftopt.us here, we are content; you fee, we 
 have encamp’d here, and here we will live: we hope 
 you will {urnifhus with Victuals. 
 
 Conft. We furnifh you! What mean yow by that? 
 
 Fohn. Why you would not have us Starve, would 
 you? If you ftop us here, you muft keep us, 
 
 Conft. You will be ill kept at our Maintenance, 
 
 ‘ohn. If youftint.us, we fhall make ourfelves the | ¢ 
 
 better Allowance. ive 
 Conft. Why you will not pretend to quarter upon thi 
 us by Force, will you? Wi 
 
 Fohn. We have offer’'d no Violence to you yet, 1; 
 why do you feem to oblige us to it? Iam an od jw 
 Soldier, and cannot ftarve, and if you think that we | f 
 fhall be obliged to go back for want of Provifions, 
 you are miftaken. 
 
 Conft. Since you threaten us, we fhall take Care 
 to be ftrong enough for you: I have Orders to.raile | 
 the County. upon you. wu 
 
 John. It is you that threaten, not we: And fince Al 
 you are for Miichief, you cannot blame us, if we |} 
 do not give you time for it ; we fhall beginourMarch | 
 in a few Minutes. * t 
 
 Conft. What is it you demand of us? j 
 
 Fohu. At firft we defir’d nothing of you, »but ly 
 Leave to gothro’ the Town; we fhould have offer'’d la 
 no Injury to any of you, neither would youhavehad je 
 any Injury or Lofs by us. Weare not Thieves,but | 
 poor People’in diftrefs, and flying from the dreadful 
 
 ‘* This frighted the Conftable, and the;People,that set? 
 with him, that they immediately chang’d their Note. 
 
 Plague 
 
 lan 
 
/ 
 
 LS 
 the PLAGUE. 159 
 
 Piague in Loudox,, which devours thoufands every 
 Week: We wonder how you could’be fo unmerci- 
 ful! 
 
 Cont. Seif-prefervation obliges us. 
 
 Fohn. What!.rofhut up your Compaffion in a Cafe 
 of fuch Diftrefs as this? 
 
 Conft. Well, it-youywill pafs over-the Fields. omyour 
 Lett-hand, and behind ‘that part of the Town, I 
 will endeavour +0 have ‘Gates open’d;for you. 
 
 Fobn. QurHorfemen.cannot * pafs with our/Bag- 
 gage that Way ; itdoes not iead intothe Road that 
 we want to.go ; and why fhould you-torce ys out of 
 the Road ? befides, you shave kept us here all Day 
 without any Provifions, but fuchas we brought with 
 us ; I think you ought to fend. us fome Pravifions for 
 our Relief. 
 
 Conft. If you will go another ‘Way, wewwvill fend 
 you {ome Provifions. 
 
 Fobn. ‘That is the way to‘have all the Towns in 
 the County flop up the Ways againft us. 
 
 Conft. It they all furnifh you with: Food, what will 
 you be the worfe, »I fee you have ‘Tents, you want 
 no' Lodging. 
 
 Fobu. Well, what quantity of Provifions.will you 
 fend us? 
 
 Conft. How many are you ? 
 
 John. Nay, we do-not ask enough for all our 
 Company, we are in three Companies ; if you will 
 fend us ‘Bread for twenty)Men, and about fix or fe- 
 ven Women for three !Days, and fhew-us.the Way 
 over the ‘Field you {peak of, we defire not-to put 
 your People into any tear for us, we wiilgo out of 
 our Way to oblige you, tho’ we are as free from In- 
 fection as you are. 
 
 = They had but one Horfe among them. 
 
 Con/t. 
 
©. 
 
 160 MEMOIRS OF 
 
 Con/t. And will you aflure us that yout other 
 People fhall offer us no new Difturbance. 
 
 Foln. No, no, you may depend on it. 
 
 Conft, You mutt oblige your felf too that none of 
 your People fhall come a ftep nearer than where the 
 Provifions we fend you fhall be fet down. 
 
 Fobn. \ anfwer for. it we will not. 
 
 Accordingly they fent to the Place twenty Loaves 
 of Bread, and three or four large pieces of good 
 Beef, and opened fome Gates thro’ which they 
 pafs’d, but none of them had Courage fo muchas to 
 look ont to fee them go, and, as it was Evening, 
 if they had looked they cou’d not have feen them 
 fo as to know how few they were. 
 
 This was ohn the Soldier’s Management. But 
 this gave fuch an Alarm to the County, that had 
 they really been two or three Hundred, the whole 
 County would have been rais’d upon them, andhey 
 woud ha’ been fent to Prifon, or perhaps. knock’d 
 on the Head. 
 
 They were foon made fenfible of this, for two 
 Days afterwards they found feveralParties of Horte- 
 men and Footmen alfo about, in purfuit of three 
 Companies of Men arm’d;.as they faid, with Mus- 
 kets, who were broke out from London, and had 
 the Plague upon them: and that were not only 
 fpreading the Diftemper among the People, but 
 plundering the Country. 
 
 As they faw now the Confequence of their Cale, 
 they foon fee the Danger they were in, fo they re- 
 folv’d by the Advice'alfo of the old Soldier, to di- 
 yide themfelves again. ‘fobn and his two Com- 
 
 a ee ner ES RR 
 
 * Were he call’d to one of his Men, and bade him order Capt 
 Richard and his Pecple to March the Lower Way on the fide of the 
 Marfhes, and meet them in the Foreft; which was all a Sham, for 
 they had no Captain Richard, or any fuch Company. 
 
 rades 
 
 “3 
 ih 
 4 
 oh 
 
the PLAGUE. 161 
 
 radés with the Horfe, went away as if towards WxJ- 
 tham; the other in two Companies, but all a little 
 afunder, and went towards Epping. 
 The firft Night they Encamp’d all in the Foreft, 
 and not far off of one another,but not fetting up the 
 Tent, left that fhould difcover them : On the other 
 hand Richard went to work with hisAxe and hisHat. 
 chet, and cutting down Branches of Trees, he built 
 three Tents or Hovels, in which they all Encamp’d 
 with as much Convenience as they could expect. 
 The Provifions thy had had at Walrham/ftow ferv’d 
 them very plentifully this Night, and as for the 
 next they left it to Providence ; they had far’d 
 fo well with the old Soldier’s Conduét, that 
 they now willingly made him their Leader; and 
 the firft of his Condué appear’d to be very good: 
 He told them that they were now at a pro- 
 per Diftance enough from London ; that as they 
 need not be immediately beholden to the Coun- 
 ty for Relief, fo they ought to be as careful the 
 Country did not infe& them, as that they did not 
 infe& the Country; that what little Money they 
 had they muft be as frugal of as they could; that 
 ashe would not have them think of offering the 
 Country any Violence, fo they muft endeavour to 
 make the Senfe of their Condition go as far with 
 the Country as it could: They all referr’d them- 
 felves to his Direétion; fo they left their 3 Houfes 
 ftanding, and the next Day went away towards Ep- i 
 ping; the Captain alfo, for fo they now called kim, 
 and his two Fellow Travellers laid afide their De- 
 fign of going to Waltham, and all went together. 
 _ When they came near Epping they halted, choo- 
 fing out a proper Place in the open Foreft, not ve- i 
 ry near the High-way, but not far out of it on the 
 North-fide, under a little clufter of low Pollard- 
 Trees: Here they pitched their little Camp, which 
 confifted of three large Tents or Hutts made of 
 
 Poles, which their Carpenter, and fuch as were his 
 M Afi. ' 
 
 ~ 
 
Sa 
 i162 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 Affiftants, cut down and fix’d in the Groundina 
 Circle, binding all the {mall Ends together at the 
 Top, and thickning the fides with Boughs of 
 Trees and Bufhes, fo that they were compleatly 
 clofe and warm. They had befides this, a little 
 Tent where the Women lay by themfelves, anda 
 Hutt to put the Horfe in. 
 __It happened that the next day,ornextbut onewas = | 
 Market-day at Epping ; when Capt. ‘ohn, and one of ij 
 : the other Men, went to Market, and bought fome mn 
 Provifions, that is to fay Bread, and fome Mutton 
 and Beef; and two of the Women went feparately, 
 as if they had not belong’d to the reft, and bought i 
 more. obn took the Horfe to bring it Home, and 
 the Sack (which the Carpenter carry’d his Tools 
 in) to put it in: The Carpenter went to Work | 
 and made them Eenches and Stools to fit on, fuch 4, 
 as the Wood he cou’d get wou’d afford, and a kind . 
 of a Table to dine on. 
 They were taken no Notice of for two or three 
 Days, but after that, abundance of People ranout =, 
 of the Town to look at them, and all the Country 
 was alarmed about them. The Peopleat firft feem’d 
 afraid to come near them, and on the other Hand is 
 they defir’d the People to keep off, forthere wasa 
 Rumour that the Plague was at Waltham, and that it . 
 had been in Epping two or three Days. So Fon called 
 out to them uot to come to them, For, fayshe, me, 
 are all whole and [found People here, and we would not 
 have you bring the Plague among us, nor pretend we 
 ; ; brought it among you. bi 
 sae After this the Parifh Officers came up to them 
 and parly’d with them at a Diftance,. and defir’d to 
 
 know who they were, and by what Authority they : 
 pretended to fix their Stand at that Place? fom 
 
 anfwered very frankly, they were poor diftreffed |) 
 
 People from London, who forefeeing the Mifery they 5 
 
 fhould be reduc’d to, if the Plague fpread into the 
 
 ee 
 
wy 
 : the PLAGUE. — 163 
 
 City, had fied out in time for their Lives, and ha- 
 ving no Acquaintance or Relations to fly to, had 
 firft taken up at J/lington, but the Plague being come 
 into that Town, were fied further, and as they fup- 
 pos’d that the People of Epping might have refus’d 
 them coming into their Town,they had pitch’d their 
 Tents thus in-the open Field, and in the Foreft, 
 being willing to bear all the Hardfhips of fuch 
 a difconfolate Lodging, rather than have any one 
 think or be afraid that they fhould receive Injury 
 by them. 
 
 At firft the Epping People talk’d roughly to them, 
 and told them they muft remove ; that this was no 
 Place for them; and that they pretended to be 
 Sound and Well, but that they might be infected 
 with the Plague for ought they knew, and might 
 infe& the whole Country, and they cou’d not fuffer 
 them there. 
 
 John argu’d very calmly with them a great while, 
 and told them, * That London was the Place by 
 which they, that is, the Townfmen of Epping and 
 all the Country round them, fubfifted; to whom 
 they fold the produce of their Lands, and out of 
 whom they made the Rent of their Farms; and 
 to be fo cruel to the Inhabitants of Lendon, or 
 to any of thofe by whom they gain’d fo much 
 was very hard, and they would be loth to have 
 it remembered hereafter, and have it told how 
 barbarous, how unhofpitable and how unkind 
 they were to the People of London, when they 
 fled from the Face of the moft terrible Enemy 
 in the World ; that it would be enough to make 
 the Name of an Epfing-Man hateful thro’ all the 
 City, and to have the Rabble Stone them in the 
 very Streets, whenever they came fo much as to 
 Market ; that they were not yet fecure from being 
 Vifited themfelves, and that as he heard, Waltham 
 was already ; that they would think it very hard 
 
 M 2 that 
 
 EM Re 8 On eR oe UO tg Oe 
 
stl 
 
 —— 
 
 164 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 ¢ that when any of them fied for Fear before 
 ‘ they were touch’d, they fhould be deny’d the 
 ¢ Liberty of lying fo much as in the open Fields, 
 
 The Epping Men told them again, That they, in. 
 deed, faid they were found and free from the In- 
 fection, but that they had no aflurance of it ; and 
 that it was reported, that there had been a great 
 Rabble of People at Walrhamftow, who made fuch 
 Pretences of being found, as they did, but that they 
 threaten’d to plunder the Town, and force their 
 Way whether the Parifh Officers. would or no; 
 That they were near 200 of them, and had Arms 
 and Tents like Low-Country Soldiers; that they 
 extorted Provifions from the Town by threat. 
 ning them with living upon them at free Quarter, 
 fhewing their Arms, and talking in the Language 
 of Soldiers; and that feveral of them being gone 
 away towards Rumford and Brent-Wood, the Coun- 
 try had been infeéted by them, and the Plague 
 {pread into both thofe large Fowns, fo that the 
 People durft not go to Market there as ufual; that 
 it was very likely they were fome of that Party, 
 and if fo, they deferv’d to be fent to the County 
 Jail, and be fecur’d till they had made Satisfa@ion 
 for the Damage they had done, and for the Terror 
 and Fright they bad put the Country into. 
 
 John anfwered, That what other People had done 
 was nothing to them; that he affured them they 
 were all of one Company; that they had never 
 been more in Nomber than they faw them at that 
 time; (which by the way was very true) that they 
 came out in two feperate Companies, but joyn’d 
 by the Way, their Cafes being the fame; that 
 they were ready to give what Account of them- 
 felves any Body cou’d defiré of them, and to give 
 in their Names and Places of Abode, that fo they 
 might be call’d to an Account for any Diforder 
 that they might be guilty of; that the Townfimen 
 
 might 
 
a 
 hOPENGUE 165 
 
 might fee they were content to Jive hardly, and 
 only defir’d a little Room to breath in on the Fo 
 reft where it was wholfome, for where it was not 
 they coud not ftay, and wou’d decamp if they 
 found it otherwife there. 
 
 But, faid the Townfmen, we have a great charge 
 of Poor upon our Hands already, and we muft take 
 care not to encreafe it ; we fuppofe youcan give us 
 no Security againft your being chargeable to our 
 Parifh and to the Inhabitants, any more than you 
 can of being dangerous to us as to the Infection. 
 
 ‘Why look you, fays John, as to being charges 
 “able to you, we hope we fhall not; if you will re- 
 “ lieve us with Provifions for our prefent Neceflity, 
 “ we will be very thankful ; as we all liv’d without 
 ‘Charity when we were at Home, fo we will o- 
 * blige ourfelves fully to repay you, if God pleafe 
 * to bring us back to our own Families and Houfes 
 “in Safety, and to reftore Health to the People of 
 © London. 
 
 * As to our dying here, we affure you, if any of 
 “us die, we thar furvive, will bury them, and put 
 “ you to no Expence, except it fhould be that we 
 § fhould all die, and then indeed the Jaft. Man not 
 “being able to bury himfelf, would put you to that 
 fingle Expence, which I am perfwaded, fays Sohn, 
 he would leave enough behind him to pay you for 
 * the Expence of. 
 
 © On the other Hand, fays John, if you will fhut 
 ‘up all Bowels of Compaflion and not relieve us 
 “at all, we fhall not extort any thing by Violence, 
 ‘or fteal from any one; but when what little we 
 “have is fpent, if we perifh tor want, God’s Will 
 be done. : 
 
 John wrought fo upon the Townfmen by talking 
 thus rationally and fmoothly to them, that they 
 Went away ; and tho’ they did not give any confent 
 to their ftaying there, yet they did not moleft them ; 
 
 M 3 and 
 
 ¢ 
 
wy 
 
 166 MEeMOIRSOf 
 
 and the poor People continued there three or four 
 Days longer without any Difturbance. In this 
 time they had got fome remote Acquaintance with 
 a ViGualling-Houfe at the out-skirts of the Town, 
 to whom they called ata Diftance to bring fome 
 little Things that they wanted, and which they 
 caus’d to to be fet down at a Diftance, and always 
 paid for very honeftly. 
 
 During this Time, the younger People of the 
 ‘Town came frequently pretty near them, and woud 
 ftand and look at them, and fometimes talk with 
 them at fome Space between; and particularly it was 
 obferved, that the firft Sabbath Day the poor People 
 kept retir’d, worfhip’d God together, and were heard 
 to fing Pfalms. 
 
 Thefe Things and a quiet inoffenfive Behaviour, 
 began to get them the good Opinion of the Coun- 
 try, and People began to pity them and {peak very 
 well of them; the Confequence of which was, 
 that upon the occafion of a very wet rainy 
 Night, a certain Gentleman who jiv’d in the 
 Neighbourhood, fent them a little Cart with twelve 
 Truffles or Bundles of Straw, as well for them to 
 lodge upon, as to cover and thatch their Huts, and 
 to keep them dry: The Minifter of a Parifh not 
 far off, not knowing of the other, -fent them alfo 
 about two Bufhels of Wheat, and half a Bufhel of 
 white Peas. 
 
 They were very thankful to-be-fure for this Relief, 
 and particularly the Straw was a very great Comfort 
 tothem; for tho’ the ingenious Carpenter had made 
 Frames for them to lie in likeTroughs,and fill’d them 
 with Leaves of Trees, and fuch Things as they could 
 get, and had cut all their Tent-cloth out to make 
 them Coverlids, yet they lay damp, and hard, and 
 unwholefome till this Straw came, which was to 
 them like Feather-beds, and, as Fohw faid, more wel- 
 come than Feather-beds wou’d ha’ been at another 
 time. This 
 
i, 
 
 the PLAGUE. 167 
 
 This Gentleman and the Minifter having thus 
 begun and given an Example of Charity to thefe 
 Wanderers, others quickly followed, and they re- 
 ceiv’d every Day fome Benevolence or other from the 
 People, but chiefly from the Gentlemen who dwelt 
 inthe Country round about ; fome fent them Chairs, 
 Stools, Tables, and fuch Houfhold Things as they 
 gave Notice they wanted ; fome fent them Blan- 
 kets, Rugs and Coverlids ; fome Earthen-ware ; and 
 fome Kitchin-ware for ordering their Food. 
 
 Encourag’d by this good Ufage, their Carpenter 
 in a few Days, built them a large Shed or Houfe 
 with Rafters, and a Roof in Form, and an upper 
 Floor in which they lodged warm, for the Weather 
 began to be damp and cold in the beginning of Sep- 
 tember; But this Houfe being very well ‘Thatch’d, 
 and the Sides and Roof made very thick, kept out 
 the Cold well enough: He made alfo an earthen 
 Wall at one End, with a Chimney in it; and ano- 
 ther of the Company, with a vaft deal of Trouble 
 and Pains, made a Funnel to the Chimney to car- 
 ry out the Smoak. 
 
 Here they liv’d very comfortably, tho’ coarfely, 
 till the beginning of September, when they had the 
 bad News to hear, whether true or not, that the 
 Plague, which was very hot at Waltham-Abby on 
 one fide, and at Rumford and Brent-Wood on the 
 other fide ; was alfo come to Epping, to Woodford, 
 and to moft of the Towns upon the Foreft, and 
 which, as they faid, was brought down among them 
 chiefly by the Higlers and fuch People as went to 
 and trom Londox with Provifions. 
 
 Ifthis yas true, it was an evident ContradiGion 
 tothat Report which was afterwards {pread all over 
 England,but which, as I have faid,1 cannot confirm of 
 my own Knowledge,namely, That the Market People 
 eartying Provifions to the City, never got the Infec- 
 
 M 4 tion 
 
168 MEMOTIRS of 
 
 > 
 
 tion or carry’d it back into the Country ; both which 
 I have been affured, has been falfe. 
 
 It might be that they were prefery’d even beyond 
 Expeéation, though not toa Miracle, that abun- 
 dance went and come, and were not touch, 
 and that was much for the Encouragement of the 
 poor People of Londou, who had been compleatly 
 
 miferable, if the People that brought Provikad 
 ‘ the Markets had not been many times wonder- 
 fully preferv’d, or at leaft more preferv’d than cou’d 
 be reafonably expected. 
 
 But now thefe new Inmates began to be difturb’d 
 more effectually, for the T’owns about them were re- 
 
 ally infected, and they began to be afraid to truft 
 one another fo much as to go abroad for fuch things 
 asthey wanted, and this pinch’d them very hard; 
 for now they had little or nothing but what the cha- 
 ritable Gentlemen of the Country fupply’d them 
 with: But for their Encouragement it happen’d, that 
 otherGentiemen in the Country who had not fent? em 
 any thing before, began to hear of them and fupply 
 them, and one fent them a large Pig, that is to lay 
 Porker ; : neve two Sheep ; and another fent 
 em a Calf: In fhort, they had Meat Mtae: and, 
 fometimes had Cheefe and Milk, and all fuch things; 
 They were chiefly put to it for Sread, or when the 
 Gentlemen fent them Corn they had no where to 
 bake it, or to grind it: This made them eat the firft 
 two Bufhel of Wheat that was fent them in pare shed 
 Corn, as the J/raelit 
 maling Bread of it. 
 
 At laft they found means to carry their Corn toa 
 L, wh ere they hi ad it ground ; 
 
 7) 
 
 + 
 
 4€ 
 
 tes of old did W ithout grinding or 
 
 Windmill near oodfor 
 
 and afterwards the Bifcuit Baker made a Hearth fo 
 hollow and dry that he cou’d bake Bifcuit Cakes 
 tolerably well; and thus they came into a Condition 
 to live pichout any affiftance or fupplies from the 
 Towns; and it was well they did, for the Country 
 was foon after fully InfeGted, a and about 120 were 
 
 faid 
 
the PLAGUE, 169 
 
 {aid to have. died of the Diflemper in the Villages 
 near them, which wasa terrible thing to them. — 
 
 On this they call’d a new Council, and now the 
 Towns had no need to be afraid rhey fhould fettle 
 near them, but on the contrary feveral Families of 
 the poorer fort of the Inhabitants quitted their Hou- 
 fes, and. built Hutts in the Fcreft after the fame 
 manner as they had dune: Butic was obferv’d, that 
 feveral of thefe poor People that had fo remov’d, 
 had the Sicknefs even in their Hutts or Booths ; the 
 Reafon of which was plain, namely, not becaufe they 
 removed into the Air, but becaufe they did not re- 
 move time enough, that is to fay, noc till by openly 
 converfing with the other People their Neighbours, 
 they had the Diflemper upon them, or, (as may be 
 faid) among them,and fo carry’d it about them whi- 
 ther they went : Or, (2.) Becaufe they were not 
 careful enough after they were fafely removed out 
 of theTTowns, not to come in again and mingle with 
 the difeafed People. 
 
 But be it which of thefe it will, when our Tra- 
 vellers began to perceive that the Plague was not 
 only in the Towns, but even in the ‘Tents and Huts 
 on the Foreft near them, they began then not only 
 to be afraid, but to think of decamping and remo- 
 ving ; for had they ftay’d, they wou’d ha’ been in 
 maniteft Danger of their Lives. 
 
 It is not to be wondered that they were greatly 
 afllicted, as being obliged to quit the Place where 
 they had been fo kindly receiv’d, and where they 
 had been treated with fo much Humanity and Cha- 
 rity; but Neceffity, and tiie hazard of Life, which 
 they came out fo far to preferve, prevail’d with 
 them, and they faw no Remedy. Sohn however 
 thought of a Remedy for their prefent Misfortune, 
 namely, that he would firft acquaint that Gentleman 
 who was their principal Benetagtor, with the Diftrefs 
 they were in, and to crave his Affiftance and Ad- 
 
 vice, 
 The 
 
. 
 
 — 
 
 170 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 The good charitable Gentleman encourag’d them 
 to quit the Place, for fear they fhould be cut of 
 from any Retreat at all, by the Violence of the Di- 
 {temper ; but whither they fhould go, that he found 
 very hard to direct them to. At laft Fohu ask’d of 
 him, whether he (being a Juftice of the Peace) would 
 give them Certificates of Health to other Juftices 
 who they might come before, that fo whatever might 
 be their Lot they might not be repulfed now they 
 had been alfo fo long from Loudon. This his Wor- 
 fhip immediately granted, and gave them propet 
 Letters of Health, and from thence they were at Li- 
 berty to travel whither they pleafed. 
 
 Accordingly they had a full Certificate of Health, 
 intimating, That they had refided in a Village inthe 
 County of Effex fo long,that being examined and {oru- 
 tiniz’d fufficiently, and having been retir’d from all 
 Converfation for above 40 Days, without any appeat- 
 ance of Sicknefs,they were therefore certainlyconclu- 
 dedto be Sound Men, and might be fafely entertaind 
 any where, having at laft remov'd rather for fear of 
 the Plague, which was come into fuch a Town, Ya- 
 ther than for having any fignal of Infection upon 
 them, or upon any belonging to them. 
 
 With this Certificate they remov’d, tho” with 
 great Reluctance ; and Yobu inclining not to go far 
 
 ] 
 
 ‘ 
 r 
 
 upon ctnem 
 
 How- 
 
ey, 
 the PLAGUE. I7T 
 However it terrified them, and they refolved to 
 move crofs the Foreft towards Rumford and Breut- 
 
 Wood; but they heard that there were numbers of 
 People fled out of London that way, who lay up and 
 
 ¢. down in the Foreft call’d Hezalt Foreft, reaching 
 
 near Rumford, and who having no Subfiftence or Ha- 
 bitation, not only liv’d oddly, and‘fuftered great Ex- 
 tremities in the Woods and Fields for want of Re- 
 lief, but were faid to be made fo defperate by thofe 
 Extremities, as that they offer’d many Violences to 
 the County, robb’d and plunder’d, and kili’d Cattle, 
 andthe like; that others building Hutts and Hovels 
 by the Road-fide Begg’d, and that with an Impor- 
 tunity next Door to demanding Relief ; {0 that the 
 County was very. uneafy, and had been oblig’d to 
 take fome of them up. 
 
 This, in the firft Place intimatedto them, that they 
 would be fure to find the Charity and Kindnefs of 
 the County, which they had found here where they 
 were before, hardned and fhut up againft them ; and 
 that on the other Hand, they would be queftion’d 
 where-ever they came, and would be in Danger of 
 Violence from others in like Cafes as themfelves. 
 
 Upon all thefe Confiderations, Fohu, their Cap- 
 tain, in all their Names, went back to their good 
 Friend and Benefaétor, who had reliev’d them. be- 
 fore, and laying their Cafe truly before him, hum- 
 bly ask’d his Advice ; and he as kindly advifed 
 them to take up their old Quarters again, or if not, 
 to remove but a little further out of the Road, 
 and directed. them to a proper Place for them; 
 and as they really wanted fome Houfe rather than 
 Huts to fhelter them at that time of the Year, it 
 growing on towards Michaelmas, they found anold 
 decay’d Houfe, which had been formerly fome Cot- 
 tage or little Habitation, but was fo out of repair 
 as fearce habitable, and by the confent of a Farmer 
 
 to 
 
— 
 
 172 MEMOIRS of 
 
 to whofe Farm it belong’d, they got leave to make 
 what ufe of it they could. 
 
 The ingenious Joyner and all the reft by his Di- 
 re@tions, went to work with it, and in a very few 
 Days made it capable to fhelter them all in cafe of 
 bad Weather, and in which there was an old Chim- 
 ney, and an old Oven, tho’ both lying in- Ruins, 
 yet they made them both fit for Ule, and raifing 
 Additions, Sheds, and Leantoo’s on every fide, they 
 foon made the Houfe capable to hold them all. 
 
 They chiefly wanted Boards to make Window- 
 fhutters, Floors, Doors, and feveral other ‘Things; 
 but as the Gentlemen above favour’d them, and the 
 Country was by that Means made eafy with them, 
 and above all, that they were known to be all found 
 and in good health, every Body help’d them with 
 what they could (pare. 
 
 Here they encamp’d for good and all, and refolv'd 
 to remove no more ; they {aw plainly how terribly 
 alarm’d that County was every where, at any Body 
 that came from London ; and that they fhould have 
 no admittance any w here but with the utmoft Dif- 
 ficulty, at leaft no friendly Receptionand Afl- 
 flance as they had receiv’d here. 
 
 Now altho’ they receiv’d great Affiftance and En- 
 couragement from ‘the Country Gentlemen and from 
 the People round about them, yet they were put to 
 
 great Straits, for the Weather grew cold and wet in 
 Of tober and November, and they had not been us’d to fo 
 much hardihip; fo that they ee theirLimbs, 
 and Diftempers, but never had the Infection: And 
 thus about December they came home to the City 
 again. 
 
 give this Story thus at large, principally to give 
 
 an Account. what became of she: great Numbers of 
 People which immediately appear’d in the City 
 as foon as the Sicknefs abated: For, as I have faid, 
 ereat Numbers of thofe that were able and had 
 Retreats 
 
CS 
 the PLAGUE. 173 
 
 Retreats in the Country, fled to thofe Retreats ; 
 So when it was encreafed to fuch a frightful Extre- 
 mity as | have related, the midling People who had 
 not Friends, fled to all Parts of the Country where 
 they cou’d ger fhelter, as well thofe that had Mony 
 to relieve themfelves; as thofe that had not. Thofe 
 that had Mony always fled fartheft, becaufe they 
 were able to fubfift themfelves; but thofe who were 
 empty, fuffer’d, asI have faid, great Hardfhips, and 
 were often driven by Neceffity to relieve their Wants 
 at the Expence of the Country : By that Means the 
 Country was made very uneafie at them, and fome- 
 times took them up, tho’ even then they fcarce knew 
 what to do with them, and were always very back- 
 watd to punifh them, but often too they forced 
 them from Place to Place, tiil they were oblig’d to 
 come back again to Loudon. 
 
 Ihave, fince my knowing this Story of Fobn and 
 his Brother, enquir’d and found, that there were a 
 great many of the poor difconfolate People, as above, 
 Hed into the Country every way, and fome of them 
 got little Sheds, and Barns, and Out-houfes to 
 live in, where they cou’d obtain fo much Kind- 
 nefs of the Country, and efpecially where they had 
 any the leaft fatistaGory Account to give of them- 
 felves, and particularly that they did not come out of 
 Londen too late. But others, and that in great Num- 
 bers, built themfelves little Huttsand Retreats in the 
 Fields and Woods, and liv’d like Hermits in Holes 
 and Caves, or any Place they cou’d find; and where, 
 we may be fure; they fuffer’d great Extremities, 
 fuch that many of them were oblig’d to come back 
 again whatever the Danger was; and fo thofe little 
 
 uts were often found empty, and the Country 
 People fuppos’d the Inhabitants lay Dead in them of 
 
 f the Plague, and would not go near them for fear, no 
 
 not ina great while; nor is it unlikely but that fome of 
 the 
 
ae 
 
 ' 
 
 174 MEMOTIRS Of 
 
 the unhappy Wanderers might die fo all alone, even 
 fometimes for want of Help, as particularly in one 
 Tent or Hutt, was found a Man dead, and on the 
 Gate of a Field juft by, was cut with his Knife in 
 uneven Letters, the following Words, by which’ it 
 may be fuppos'd the other Man efcap’d, or that one 
 dying firft, the other bury’d him as well as he could; 
 
 OmIsEry! 
 We BoTH ShaLL Dy E, 
 WoE, WoE. 
 
 I have given an Account already of what I foundto 
 ha’been the Cafe down the River among theSea-faring 
 Men, how the Ships lay in the Offing, as ’tis call’d, 
 in Rows or Lines a-ftern of one another, quite 
 down from the Pool as far as I could fee , I have been 
 told, that they lay in the fame manner quitedown 
 the River as low as Grave/end, and fome tar beyond, 
 even every where, or in every Place where they 
 cou’d ride with Safety as to Wind and Weather 5 
 Nor did I ever hear that the Plague reach’d to any 
 of the People on board thofe Ships, except fuch 
 as lay up inthe Pool, or as high as Deptford Reach, 
 altho’ the People went frequently on Shoar to the 
 Country Towns and Villages, and Farmers Houfes, 
 to buy frefh Provifions, Fowls, Pigs, Calves, and the 
 like for their Supply. 
 
 Likewife I found that the Watermen on the Ri- 
 ver above the Bridge, found means to convey them- 
 felves away up the River as far as they cou'd 90; 
 and that they had, many of them, their whole Fa 
 milies in their Boats, cover’d with Tilts and Bales, 
 as they call them, and furriifh’d with Straw within 
 for their Lodging ; and that they lay thus all along 
 by the Shoar in the Marfhes, fome of them fetting 
 up little Tents with their Sails, and fo lying undet 
 them on Shoar in the Day, and going into their 
 
 Boats 
 
’ 
 
 ~ 
 
 \= 
 the PLAGUE. 175 
 
 Boats at Night; and in this manner, as I have 
 heard, the River-fides were lin’d with Boats and 
 People as long as they had any thing to fubfift on, 
 or cou’d get any thing of the Country; and indeed 
 the Country People, as well Gentlemen as others, 
 on thefe and all other Occafions, were very forward 
 to relieve them, but they were by no means willing 
 to receive them into their Towns and Houfes, and 
 for that we cannot blame them. 
 
 There was one anhappy Citizen, within my 
 Knowledge, who had been Vifited in a dreadful 
 manner, fo that his Wife and al} his Children were 
 Dead, and himfelf and two Servants only left, wita 
 an elderly Woman a near Relation, who had nurs’d 
 thofe that were dead as well as fhe could: This dif- 
 confolate Man goes to a Village near the Town, 
 tho’ not within the Bills of Mortality, and finding 
 an empty Houfe there, enquires out the Owner, 
 and took the Houfe: Aftera few Days he gota Cart 
 and loaded it with Goods, and carries them down 
 tothe Houfe ; the People of the Village oppos’d his 
 driving the Cart along, but with fome Arguings, 
 and fome Force, the Men that drove the Cart along, 
 got through the Street up to. the Door of the Houle, 
 there the Conftable refifted him again, and would 
 hot let them be brought in. The Man caus’d the 
 Goods to be unloaden and lay’d at the Door, and 
 fent the Cart away; upon which they carry’d the 
 Man before a Juftice of Peace ; that is to fay, they 
 commanded him to go, which he did. The Juftice 
 order’d him to caufe the Cart to fetch away the 
 Goods again, which he refufed to do; upon which 
 the Juftice order’d the Conflable to purfue the Car- 
 tetsand fetch them back, and make them re-load 
 the Goods and carry them away, or to fet them in 
 the Stocks till they came for farther Orders; and if 
 they could not find them, nor the Man would not 
 confent to take them away, they fhould caufe them 
 
 to 
 
. 
 
 — 
 
 176 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 to be drawn with Hooks from the Houfe-Door and 
 burnt in the Street. The poor diftrefs’d Man up- 
 on this fetch’d the Goods again, but with grievous 
 Cries and Lamentations at the hardfhip of his Cafe, 
 But there was no Remedy; Self-prefervation oblig’d 
 the Peopie to thofe Severities, which they wou'd not 
 otherwife have been concern’d in: Whether this 
 poor Man liv’d or dy’d I cannot tell, but it was re- 
 ported that he had the Plague upon him at that 
 time ; and perhaps the People might report that to 
 juftify their Ufage of him ; but it was not unlikely, 
 that either he or his Goods, or both, were dangerous, 
 when his whole Family had been dead of the Di- 
 ftemper fo little a while betore. 
 
 Lkno’ that the Inhabitants of the Towns adja- 
 cent to London,were much blamed for Cruelty tothe 
 poor People that ran from the Contagion in their 
 Diftrefs ; and many very fevere things were done, as 
 maybe feen from what has been faid; but I cannot but 
 fay alfo that where there was room for Charity and 
 Affiftance to the People, without apparent Danger 
 to themfelves, they were willing enough to help and 
 relieve them. But as every Town were indeed Judg- 
 es in their own Cafe, fo the poor People who ran 
 a-broad in their Extremities, were often il!-ufed and 
 driven back again into the Town; and this caufed 
 infinite Exclamations and Out-cries againft the 
 Country ‘owns, and made the Clamour very popu 
 lar. 
 
 And yet more or lefs, maugre all their Caution, 
 there was not a Town of any Note within ten (or I 
 believe twenty) Miles of the City, but what was 
 more ot lefs InfeGted, and had fome died among 
 them. I have heard the Accounts of feyeral; fuch as 
 they were reckon’d up as follows. 
 
 Tk 
 
thee PLAGUE. 177 
 
 In Exfield 32 Hertford 90 Brent-Wiod 70 
 In:Hornfey 58 Ware 160 Rumford 109 
 In Newington 17 Hedfdon 30 Barking abt. 200 
 In Tottenham 42 Waltham Ab.23 Branford 432 
 In Edmonton 19 Epping 26 Kingfton 122 
 In Barnetand Deptford 623 Stanes 82 
 
 Hadly 43 Greenwich’ 231 Chertfey 18 
 InSt. dlbans 121 Eltham and Windjor 103 
 
 InWatford 45 Lufum 8 
 In Uxbridge 117 Croydon 6 
 
 dl 
 
 cum aliis, 
 
 Another thing might render the Country more 
 Rric with refpect to the Citizens, and efpecially 
 with refpe& to tle Poor ; and this was what I hint- 
 ed at before, namely, that there was a feeming pro- 
 penfity, ora wicked Inclination in thofe that were 
 Infec&ed to infe&t others. 
 
 There have been great Debates among our Phy- 
 ficians, as to the Reafon of this; fome will have it 
 tobe in the Nature of theDifeafe,and that it impref- 
 fes every one that is feized upon by it, with a kind of 
 a Rage, and a hatred againft their own Kind, as if 
 there was a malignity, not only in the Diftemper to 
 cOmMunicace it feif, but in the very Nature of Man, 
 Ptompting him with evil Will, or an evil Eye, that as 
 they fay in the Cafeof a mad Dog, who tho’ the gent- 
 left Creature before of any of his Kind, yet then will 
 fly upon and bite any one that comes next him 
 and thofe as foon as any, who had been moft obferv’d 
 by him before. 
 
 Others plac’d it to the Account of the Corup- 
 tion of humane Nature, which cannot bear to fee 
 itfelf more miferable than others of its own Specie, 
 and has a kind of involuntary Wifh, that all Men 
 Were as unhappy, or inas bad a Condition as itfelf. 
 
 Others fay, it was only a kind of Defperation, 
 not knowing or regarding what they did, and con- 
 fequently unconcern’d at the Danger or Safety, not 
 
 only of any Body near them, but even of aes 
 Allo. 
 
> 
 i a . 1 i A- “ea s a - ~ > - 
 al{¢ A..d indeed when Men are once come fo 2 
 Condit ti themieives, and be u hee 
 cern’d . t ol he Danger o ] elves, 
 sida {fo much wonderec t] ald be 
 f C ‘ Corher P 
 ‘eleis € oal or otner Fecopie 
 But I ch » give this grave Debate a quite 
 " r { it ] hy 
 tu refolve it all Dy 
 ee: On the eae 
 ' / Che Ji the con- 
 trary, I { not really fo, bu 
 t+ | A 
 it ¥ raisa Dy tie Peo 
 le inhabiti eS ag ainft the Cr 
 
 . 2 fly44 
 excufe thofe Harafhips 
 
 <p ‘ | as ealkeaA Coan : L sal ,! 
 and Severities {0 talk’d of, and in which Com- 
 plaints, both Sides ye faid to have injura 
 
 " + . shat apres heh se 4 . 
 ‘ to fay, the Citizens prefling to be 
 
 s, and with 
 — oc s hove 'e) eae 
 e Cruelty and 
 
 received anc 
 
 the Plague upon them, c mplain ¢ f t 
 Injuftice of the Country Peeople, in being refufed En- 
 igain with their Goods andFa- 
 
 trance,and tf 
 milies ; and 
 pofed upon, and the Citizens 
 
 hemfelves fo 1m- 
 
 upon them whe = er they would 
 that when they were infected, t 
 regardlefs of ot the ers, but even v 
 
 1 
 eat 
 
 neither of which were rea 
 the Colours the ey were defer 
 
 It is true, there is fomething to be faid for the fre- 
 quent Alarms which were given to the Country, of 
 the refolution of the People in Loxdowto come out by 
 Force, not only for Relief, but to Plunder and Rob, 
 that they ran abour the Streets with the Di- 
 {temper upon them without any cot ytrol ; and that 
 10 Care was taken to fhut up Houfes, and confine 
 the fick People from ‘iter others ; whereas, to 
 do the Lowdoners Juftice, they never pradtifed fuch 
 things, except in fuch pe articular Cafes as I have men- 
 tion’d above, and fuch-like. On the other Handeve- 
 vas managed with fo much Care, and fuch 
 
 1 
 
 thing 
 
 ry 
 excellent Order was obferv’d in the whole City and 
 
 Suburbs, 
 
> 
 we PEL AG UE. 179 
 
 Suburbs, by the Care of the Lord Mayor and Alder- 
 men ; and by the Juftices of the Peace, Churchwar- 
 dens, (fc. in the our-Parts; that London may be a Pat- 
 tern toall the Cities in the World forthe good Govern- 
 ment and the excellent Order that was every where 
 kept, even in the time of the moft violent InfeGion ; 
 and when the People were in the utmoft Confterna- 
 tion and Diftrefs. But of this I thal! {peak by itfelf. 
 One thing, it is to be obferv’d, wasov ing prin- 
 cipally tothe Prudence of the Magiltrates, and ought 
 to be mention’d to their Honour, (viz.) The Mo- 
 deration which they ufed in the great and difficult 
 Work of fhutting up of Houfes : It is true, as I have 
 mentioned, that the fhutting up of Houfes was a 
 great Subject of Difcontenr, and I may fay indeed 
 the only Subje& ot Difcontent among the People at 
 that time ; for the confining the Sound in the fame 
 Houfe with the Sick, was counted very terrible, and 
 the Complaints of People fo confin’d were very grie- 
 Vous ; they were heard into the very Streets, and 
 they were fometimes fuch that called for Refent- 
 ment, tho’ oftner for Compaffion ; they had no way 
 to converfe with any of their Friends but out at their 
 Windows, where they wou’d make fuch piteous La- 
 mentations, as often mov’d the Hearts of thofe they 
 talk’d with, and of cthers who paffing by heard their 
 Story; and as thofe Complaints oftentimes reproach’d 
 the Severity, and fometimes the Infolence of the 
 Watchmen plac’d at their Doots, thofe Watchmen 
 wou'd anfwer faucily enough; and perhaps be apt to 
 affront thePeople who were in theScreet talking to the 
 faid Families ; for hich, or for their ill Treatment of 
 the Families, I think feven creight of them in fe- 
 veral Places were kill’d ; I know not whether I fhou’d 
 fay murtheréd or not, becaufe I cannot. enter into 
 the particular Cafes. It is true, the Watchmen were 
 on their Duty, and acting in the Poft where they 
 Were plac’d by a lawful Authority ; and killing any 
 publick legal Officer in the Execution of his Office, 
 2 is 
 
 oN 
 
 Z 
 
—_ 
 
 180 MEMOIRS of 
 
 is always in the Language ofthe 1. aw call’d Murther, 
 But as they were not author zd by the Magiftrate’s 
 InftruGions, or by the o Saee er they acted under, to 
 be injurious or ab wate, either to the People who 
 were under their Obfervation, or to any that con- 
 phd themfelves for them ; fo when they did fo,they 
 ght be faid to aét themfelves, not their Office 
 
 to act as pate vate Perfons, not as Perfons empl loy’d ; 
 f if they brought Mifchief upon 
 them felves by fuch an undue Behaviou rs that Mit. 
 chief was upon their own He: ads ; and indeed they 
 had fo much the hearty Curfes of the People, whether 
 they deferv ’d it or not, that whatever betel them no 
 body pitied them, and every Body was apt to fay, 
 they deferv’d it, whatever it was ; nor do I remem- 
 ber that any Body was ever punifh "d, at leaft to any 
 confiderable Degree, for whatever was done to the 
 
 Watchmen that gu: arded their Houfes. 
 
 What variety of Stratagems were ufed to efcape 
 and get out of Houfes dud fhut up, by which the 
 Watchme en were deceived or overpower'd, and that 
 the People got away, I have taken n .otice of alrea- 
 dy, and fhail fay no more to that: But I fay the Ma- 
 giftrates did moderate and eafe Families upon many 
 Occafions in this ‘Cafe,and particularly in that of ta- 
 king away, or fuffering to be remov’d the fic k Perfons 
 out “Of fuch Houfes,when they were willing to be re- 
 movd either toa Peft- Joy or other Pj laces, and 
 fometimes giving the well Perfons in the Family fo 
 fhut up, leave to remove upon Information given 
 that they were well,and that they would confine them- 
 felves in fuch Houfes where they went, fo long as 
 fhould be requir’d of them. The Concern alf fo of the 
 Magiftrates for the fupplying fuch poor Families as 
 were infected’; I fay, fi pplying them with Necefla- 
 ries, as well Phyf fick as Food, was very great, and in 
 which they did not content themfelves with giving 
 theneceflary Orders tothe Officers ap pointed, but 
 the AUlersiea in Perfon, and on Horfeb: ack freq. ently 
 rid 
 
 Q 
 ~2) 
 as 
 > 2 
 Cc 
 oO 
 3 
 rt 
 
Wey, 
 the PLAGUE. 181 
 
 Tid to fuch Houfes, and caus’d the People to be ask’d 
 at their Windows, whether they were duly attend- 
 ed, or not? Alfo, whether they wanted any thing 
 that was neceflary, and if the Officers had conftant- 
 ly carry’d their Meflages, and fetch’d them fuch things 
 as they wanted, or not? And if they anfwered in the 
 Affirmative, all was well; but if they complain’d, 
 that they were ill fupply’d, and that the Officer dia 
 not do his Duty, or did not treat them civilly, they 
 ( the Officers ) were generally remov’d, and others 
 plac’d in their ftead, 
 
 It is true, fuch Complaint might be unjuft, and 
 if the Officer had fuch Arguments to ufe as would 
 convince the Magittrate,that he was right,and that the 
 People had injur’d him, he was continued, and they 
 reproved. But this part could not well bear a par- 
 ticular Inquiry, for the Parties could very ill be 
 brought face to face, and a Complaint could not be 
 well heard and anfwer’d in the Street, from the Win- 
 dows, as was the Cafe then; the Mazgiftrates there- 
 fore generally chofe to favour the People, and remove 
 the Man, as what feem’d to be the leaft Wrong, and of 
 the leaft ill Confequence; feeing,if the Warchman was 
 injur’d yet they could readily make him amends by 
 giving him another Poftof he like Nature ; but if 
 the Family was injur’d, there was no Satisfaétion 
 could be made to them, rhe Damage perhaps being 
 irreparable, as it concern’d their Lives. 
 
 A great variety of thefe Cafes frequently happen’d 
 between the Watchmen and the poor People fhut up, 
 befides thofe I formerly mention’d about efcaping ; 
 fometimes the Watchmen were abfent, fometimes 
 drunk, fometimes afleep when the People wanted 
 them, and Nich never fail’d tobe punifh’d feverely, as 
 indeed they defery’d. 
 
 Bur after all that was or could be done in thefeCa- 
 fes, the fhutting up of Houfes, fo as to confine thofe 
 that were well, with thofe that were fick, had very 
 great Inconveniences in it, and fome that were very 
 
 nat N 3 tragicai 
 
182 MemMoOIRsof 
 
 tragical. and which merited to have been confider’d 
 
 th d been room forit; but it was authorizd 
 
 Law, it had the publick Good in view, as the 
 
 at, and all the private Injuries that 
 
 . the putting it in Execution, muft be 
 c of the publick Benefit. 
 
 ubt! tc this in the 
 
 dt qa an) 3 p of the 
 
 indeed, I cannot fay it did ; for no- 
 
 could run with greater | and Rage than 
 
 Infection di en it V ) it ief Violence ; 
 
 he Houfes infeed were fhut up as exaétly, and 
 ible. Certain itis, that i 
 
 cl é it W »p 
 
 ithe infeéted Perfons were effectually fhut in, no 
 four rfon. | have been infected by them, be- 
 -aufe they could not have come near them. But the 
 ( wasthis, and I fhall only touch it here, name- 
 ly, that the J 1 Was Ppl d infenfibly, and 
 by fuch Perfons as ly infected, who nei- 
 ther knew who they wr who they were in- 
 
 fecica DY. 
 
 A Honf F165. Cha 
 A Houte 1n Waite-Chapel 
 
 of one infeéied x pers who had only Spots, not the 
 ‘Tokens come out upon 1 her, and recc aire ; Abe thefe 
 People obtain d no Liberty to ftir, neit Air or 
 E t want of Breath, Fe hee ser, 
 Vexatior Over Griets aacending fuch an 
 
 njurious Treatment, caft the Miftrefs of the Famt- 
 ly into a Fever, and V; ifitors came into the Houte 
 
 and faid it was the Plague, tho’ the Phyficians < declaba d 
 it was not; however the Family were oblig’d to be- 
 
 their Quarantine anew, af the Report of the Vi- 
 
 ror. Examiner, tho’ their former Qu wrantine 
 wanted Pus afew Days of being finifh’d, This op- 
 pre{s’d them fo with Anger and Grief, and, as before, 
 
 {traiten’d bers alfo fo much as to Room, and for 
 int of Breathing and free Air, that moft of the Fa- 
 
 Wa 
 mily fell fick, one of one Difl Lemper, one of another, 
 
 i 
 Fy Scorbutick Ailments; o/y ove a violent Cholick, 
 til] 
 
4 
 the PLAGUE, 183 
 
 till after feveral prolongings of their Confinement, 
 fome or other of thofe that came in with the Vifitors 
 to infpec& the Perfons that were ili, in hopes ot re- 
 leafing them, brought the Diftemper with them, and 
 infeed the whole Houfe, and all or moft of them 
 died, not of the Plague, as really upon them before, 
 but of the PI t thofe People brought them,who 
 fiould ha’ been careful to have protected them from its 
 and this was a thing which frequently happen’d, and 
 was indeed one of equences of fhutting 
 Houfes up. 
 
 Thad about this time a little Hardfhip put upon 
 me, which I was at firft greatly afflicted at, and very 
 much difturb’d about ; tho’ as it prov’d, it did not ex- 
 pofe me to any Difalter ; and this was being appointed 
 by the Alderman of Portfoken Ward, one of the Exa- 
 minets of the Houfes in the Preciné where I liv’d ; 
 we had a large Parifh, and had no lefs chan eighteen 
 Examiners, asthe Order call’d us, the People call’a 
 us Vifitors. Iendeavour’d with all my might to be 
 excus’d from fuchan Employment,and ufed many Ar- 
 guments with the Alderman’s Deputy to be excus’d ; 
 particularly I alledged, that I was againft fhutting 
 up Houfes at all, and that it would be very hard to 
 oblige me, to be an Inftrument in that x hich was a- 
 gainft my Judgment, and which I did verily belie 
 would not anfwer the End it was intended for, but ail 
 the Abatement I could get was only, that whereas 
 
 the Officer was appointed bymy Lord Mayor to con- 
 tinue two Months, I fhould be obliged to hold it but 
 three Weeks, on Condition, neverthelefs that I could 
 then get fome other fufficient Houfe-keeper to ferve 
 the refLof the [lime for me, which was, in fhort, but 
 avery {mall Favour, it being very difficult to get any 
 Manto accept of fuch an Employmen:, that was fit 
 to be intrufted with it. 
 
 Ir is true that fhutring up of Houfes had one Ee 
 fed, which Ian fenfible was of Moment, namely, 
 itconfin’d the diftemper’d People, who would other- 
 
 N4 wile 
 
184 MEM@IRS of 
 
 wife have been both very troublefome and very dan- 
 gerousin their running about Streets with the Di- 
 fem per upon them, which when they were dilirious, 
 they: would have done ina moft frightful manner ; an d 
 as indeed they began to do at fir very much, ‘till 
 they were thusreftraind ; nay, = very open they were, 
 that the Poor wend go abou t and beg at peoples 
 Doors, and fay they had’the Pligue upon them, <nl 
 beg Rags for their Sores, or both, or any thing 
 that dilirious Nature happen’d to think of. 
 
 A Poor uuhappy Gentlcwoman, a fubftantial Ci- 
 tizen’s Wife was (if the Story be true) murtherd 
 by one ng thefe Creatures in Alder [rate treet, or that 
 Way: He was going along the eid raving mad to 
 be fi (fra and fingit ng, the People only faid, "he was 
 drunk ; but he himfelf faid, he had the Plague upon 
 him, which, it feems, was true; and meeting this 
 
 woman, he would kifs her; fhe was terribly 
 
 Go as he was only arude Fellow, and fherun 
 from him, but t ¢ Street | be “Ing very thir n of People, 
 there was no be dy near enough to help her: W Then fhe 
 fee he would overtake her, fhe turn’d, and gave him 
 a Thruii fo forcibly, he being but weak, and pufh’d 
 him down backward: But very unhappily, fhe being 
 fon ear, he ca hold of her, and pull’d her down 
 Ifo; and getting up fi rft, majler’d her, and kifsd 
 
 and which was wortt of all, when he had done, 
 
 told hér he had the Pla ae and why fhould not fhe 
 have-it aswellas he. She was frighted enough be- 
 tore, being alfo young w a Cc nS but when fhe 
 7 eile wht BES eae ee Dt Pe 
 
 beard h im fay, he had tne Plagu , fhe {icream’d out 
 
 ) a . ia a me . 3 
 and St down in. a Swoon, or in a Fit, which tho 
 
 at 
 
 fhe ipa alittle, yer kill’d her ina very few 
 Days, and Inever heard whether fhe had the Plague 
 or no. 
 
 Another infeGted Perfon came, and knock’d at the 
 Door r of a Citizen’s Houfe. where they knew him very 
 “i the Servant let himin, and being told the Ma- 
 fier of the Houfe was above, he ran up, and came 
 
 an into 
 
Se 
 the PLAGUE. 185 
 
 & into the Room to them as the whole Family was at 
 1 upper: They began-to rife up a little furpriz’d, 
 i not kw ing what the Matter was, but he bid 
 them fit ftill, he only came to take his leave of them. 
 They ask’d him, Why Mr. where are you go- 
 ing ? Going, fays he, I have got the Sicknefs, and 
 fhalldie to morrow Night. ’Tis eafie to believe, 
 
 ii though not to defcribe the Confternation they were 
 ti all in,the Women and the Man’s Daughters which 
 were but little Girls, were frighted almoft to Death, 
 and got up, one funning out at one Door, and one 
 at another, fome down-Stairs and fome up-Stairs, 
 i and getting together as wellas they could, lock’d 
 a themfeives into their Chambers, and {creamed out 
 i: at theWindow for Help, as if they had been frighted 
 @ out of their Wits: ‘The Mafter more compos’d than 
 they, tho’ both frighted and provok’d, was going 
 to lay Hands on him, and thro’ him down Stuirs, 
 being in a Paffion, but then confidering a little the 
 Condition of the Man and the Danger of touching 
 him, Horror feiz’d his Mind, and he ftood ftill like 
 i One aftonifhed. ‘The poor diftemper’d Man all this 
 ¢ while, being as well difeas’d in his Brain as in his 
 % Body, ftood ftill like one amaz’d ; at length he turns 
 round, Ay! fays he, with all the feeming calmnefs 
 imaginable, Js it fo with you all ! Are you all difturh’d 
 
 at me? why then I'll een go home and die there. And 
 fo he goes immediately down Stairs: The Servant 
 that had let him in goes down after him with a Can- 
 dle, but was afraid to go paft him and open the 
 
 : Door, fo he ftood on the Stairs to fee what he woud 
 y 40; the Man went and open’d the Door, and went 
 , Outand flung the Door after him: It was fome 
 , while’ before the Family recover’d the Fright, but 
 as no ill Confequence attended, they have had occa- 
 
 , fion fince to {peak of it (you may be fure) with 
 « Steat Satisfaion. Tho’ the Man was gone it was 
 , fome time,nay. as I heard, fome Days before they re- 
 , Cover'd themfelves of the Hurry they were in, ae 
 
 . : i 
 
ind down the Houfe with any affu- 
 id burnt a great variety of Fumes 
 rall the Room: and made a great 
 many Smoaks 0 f Pitch, of Gu npowder, and of Sul- 
 arately fhifted ; and wafhed their Clothes, 
 and the like : Asto the poor Manwhether he livdor 
 dy’d I don’t remember. 
 
 It is moft certain, that if by the Shutting up of 
 Houfes the fick had not been confin’d, multitudes 
 who in the height of their Fever were Dilirious and 
 Diftra&ed, wou’d ha’/been continually running up 
 and down the Streets, and even as it was, a very 
 great number did fo, and offer’d all forts of Violence 
 to thofe they met, even juft as a mad Dog runs on 
 and bites at every one he meets; nor can I doubt but 
 that fhou’d one of thofe infected difeafed Creatures 
 have bitten any Man or Woman, while the Frenzy 
 
 the Dihesaes was upon them, they, I mean the 
 a r fo wound ied, wou’d as certainly ha’ been in- 
 
 ably in ait as one that was fick before and had 
 
 Tl rae of one infoGed Creature, who running out 
 of his Bed in his Shirt, in the anguifh and agony of 
 1is Swellings, of w hich 1 he had three upon him, got 
 is Shoes on and went to put on his Coat, but the 
 
 Nurfe refilting and {natching the Coat from him, he 
 threw her down, run over her, run down Staits 
 
 and into the Street lire&tly to the Thames in his 
 Shirt, the Nurfe running after him, and calling © 
 the Watch to {top gut the Wat cha nen fright- 
 ed at the Man, anda afvai uid to touch h i let him go 
 
 on; upon which he ran down to the Srill-yard Stairs 
 threw away his Shirt, and plung ord into the Thames, 
 and, being a good fai immer, {wam quite over the 
 River; and the Tide being coming in, as they call 
 it, that is running Weft-ward, he reached the Land 
 not till he came about the Falcon Stairs, where land- 
 ing, and finding no Peoy ale the re, it being i in the Night, 
 he ran about the Stree -s there, Nal ced as he was, for 
 a 3006 
 
 c@) 
 ot 
 
es, 
 the PLAGU &, 187 
 
 a good while, when it being by that time High-water, 
 he takes the River again, and fwam back to the Still- 
 yard, landed, Yan up the Streets again to his own 
 Houfe, knocking at the Door, went up the Stairs, 
 and into his Bed again; and that this terrible Expe- 
 riment cur’d him of the Plague, that is to fay, that 
 the violent Motion of his Arms and Legs ftretch’d 
 the Parts where the Swellings he had upon him were, 
 that is to fay under his Arms and his Groin, and 
 caufed them to ripen and break; and that the cold 
 of the Water abated the Fever in his Blood. 
 
 I have only to add, that I do not relate this any 
 more than fome of the other, as a Fa& within my 
 own Knowledge, fo as that I can vouch the Truth of 
 them, and efpecially that of the Man being cur’d by 
 the extravagant Adventure, which I confefs I do not 
 think very poffible, but it may ferve to confirm the 
 thany defperate Things which the diftrefs’d People 
 falling into, Diliriums, and what we call Lighthead- 
 ednefs, were frequently run upon at that time, and 
 how infinitely more fueh there weu’d ha’ been, if 
 fuch People had not been confin’d by the fhuttin 
 of Houfes ; and this I take to be the bef if wot the 
 oily 200d thing which was perform’d by that fevere 
 Method. 
 
 On the other Hand, the Complaints and the Mur- 
 Murings were very bitter again{t the thing itfelf. 
 
 It would pierce the Hearts of all that came by 
 to hear the piteous Cries of thofe infeéed People, who 
 being thus out of their Underftandings by the Vio- 
 lence of their Pain, or the heat of their Blood, were 
 either fhut in, or perhaps ty’d in their Beds and Chairs, 
 to prevent their doing themfelves Hurt, and who 
 Wou'd make a dreadful outcry at their being confin’d, 
 and at their being not permitted to die at large, as 
 they call’d it, and as they wou’d ha’ done before. 
 
 This running of diftemper’d People about the 
 Streets was very difmal, and the Magifirates did 
 their utmoft to prevent it, but as it was gales 
 
 the 
 
| 
 
 , 
 
 = 
 
 188 MEMOIRS of 
 
 the Nig ht andalways! fudden, whenfuch attempts were 
 made,theOfficers cou’d not be at hand to prevent it, 
 a1 ae even when any got out in the Day, the Officers 
 appointed did not ehpats meddle with them, becaule, 
 as they were all grievoufly infected to efure when they 
 were come to that Height, fo they were more than 
 rdinarily infeétious, and it was one of the moft dan- 
 gero' is T hings that cou’d be to touch them; on the 
 other H: and, they gener: ally ran,on not knowing what 
 they did, till they dropp 'd down ftark Dead, or till 
 they had exhaufted their Sptrits fo,as that they w oud 
 fall and then die in perhaps half an Hour or an Hour, 
 and which was moft pit (gous to hear, they were fud 
 tocome to themfelves intirely in that half Hour or 
 Hour, and then to make moft grievous and piercing 
 se and Lamentations in the deep afflicting Senle 
 of the Condition they werein. This was much of it 
 before the Order for fhutting up ot Houfes was ftriet- 
 ly putin E xecution, for at “firft the Watchmen were 
 not fo vigorous and fevere, as they were after- 
 ward in the keeping the People in; that is to fay, be- 
 fore they were, I mean fome of them, feverely pu- 
 nifh’d for their Neglea, failing in their Duty, and 
 letting People w ho were under t heir Care flip away, 
 or counniving at their going abroad whe ther fick or 
 ell. But atter they faw the Officers ap pointed to 
 aban into their Condu&, were refolv’d to have 
 them do their Duty, or be punifh’d for the omiffion, 
 they were more exact, and the People were ftricily 
 reftrain’d ; which was a thing they todk fo ill, and 
 : ore fo impatiently, tha ether Difcontents can hard- 
 
 y be deferib’d: Bex there was an abfolute Neceffity 
 Zz it, that muft be confefs’d, uniefs fome other Mea- 
 fures had been timely enter’d upon, and it was too 
 jate for that. 
 
 Had not this particular of the Sick’s been reftrain'd 
 as above, been our Cafe at that time, London wou'd 
 ha’ been the moft dreadful de ce that ever was in 
 
 the World, there wou’d for ought I kno’ have as 
 ; ~~ many 
 
if 
 
 14 
 the PLAGUE. 189 
 
 many People dy’d in the Streets as dy’d in their 
 Houfes; for when the Diftmper was at its height, 
 it generally made them Raving and Dilitious, and 
 when they were fo, they wou’d never be perfwaded 
 to keep in their Beds but by Force; and many 
 who werenot ty’d,threw themfelves out of Window Sy 
 When they found they cou’d not get leave to go out 
 of their Doors. 
 
 It was for want of People converfing one with a- 
 nother, in this time of Calamity, that it was 
 impoflible any particular Perfon ccu’d come at the 
 Knowledge of all the extraordinary Cafes that oc- 
 currd in different Families ; and particularly I be- 
 lieve it was never known to this Day how mary 
 People in their Diliriums drowned themfelyes in the 
 Thames, and in the River which runs from the Mar- 
 thes by Hackney, which we generally call’d/Ware River, 
 or Hackney River ; as to thofe which were fet down 
 inthe Weekly Bill, they were indeed few 3 nor cou’d 
 itbe known of any of thofe, whether they drowned 
 themfelves by Accident or not: But J believe, I 
 might reckon up more, who, within che compafs of 
 my Knowledge or Obfervation, really drowned them- 
 felves in that Year, than are put down in the Bill of 
 all put together, for many of the Bodies were never 
 found,who,yet were known to be fo loft; and the like 
 inother Methods of Self-Deftruction. There was alfo 
 One Man in or about Whitecrofs-ftreet, burnt himfelf 
 to Death in his Bed ; fome faid it was done by him- 
 felf, others that it was by the Treachery of the 
 Nurfe that attended him ; but that he had the Plague 
 upon him was agreed by all. 
 
 It was a merciful Difpofition of Providence alfo, 
 and which I have many times thought of at that 
 time, that no Fires, or no confiderable ones at leaft, 
 happen’d in the City, during that Year, which, if ir 
 had been otherwife, would. have been very dreadful; 
 and either the People muit havé let them alone un- 
 quenched, or haye come together in great ee 
 
 an 
 
—— 
 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 7s, unconcern'd at the Dai ger of the In- 
 yncerned at the Houfes they went into, 
 ;oads they hantiieds or at the Perfons or the 
 hey came among: But fo it was that ex- 
 hat in Cripplegate Parifh, and two or three 
 ptions of Fires, which were prefently ex- 
 there was no Difafter of that kind hap- 
 end inthe whole Year. They told us a Story of 
 ‘ ufe in a Place call’d Swan-Aley, paffing trom 
 Gofwel iret enear the End of O/dftreet into St. Sohn. 
 fizeet, thata Family was in fected there, info terri- 
 ble aaManner that every one of the Houfe died ; the 
 laft Perfon lay dead on the Floor, and as it is fuppofed, 
 had laid her feif all along to die juft before the Fire ; 
 the Fire, it feems had fallen from its Place, being of 
 Wood, and had taken hold of the Boards and the Joifts 
 they lay on, and burn at as far asjuft to the Body, but 
 had not taken hold of the dead Body, tho’ fhe | had lit- 
 tle more than her Shift on, and had gone out of itfelf, 
 not hurting the Reft of the Houfe, tho’ it wasa 
 flight Timber Houfe. How true this might be, I 
 do not "d etermine, but the City being to {ufter fe- 
 verely the next Year by Fire, this Year it felt very 
 little of that Calam nity. 
 
 Indeed c midis the Deliriums, which the Ago- 
 ny threw ere into, and how I have mention ry in 
 their Madnefs, when they were alone, they did ma- 
 ny defperate Things ; it was very flrange there were 
 no more Difagers of that kind. 
 
 t has been frequent! y ask’d me, and I cannot fay, 
 hat I ever knew how to give a dire& Anfwer toit, 
 How it came to oe fo many infected People 
 appear’d abroad in the Streets, at the fame time that 
 the Houfes which were infe&ted were {0 vigilantly 
 fearched,and all of them fhutup and guarded as they 
 were. 
 
 I confefs, I know not what Anfwer to giye to this, 
 unlefs it be this, that in fo great and populous a City 
 as this is, it was impoflible to difcover every Houle 
 =e that 
 
3 NE 
 the PLAGUE, IOI 
 
 that was infected as foon as it was fo, or to fhut up 
 all the Hoi ifes that were in ifecte d : {fo that People 
 had the Liberty of going about the Streets, even 
 where they ple afed, unlefs they were known to be- 
 long to {uch and fuch infe&ed Houfes. 
 
 It i is true, that as feveral Phyficians told n ny Lord 
 Mayor, the Fury of the Contagion was fuch at fome 
 particular ‘limes, and | le ficken’d fo faft, and 
 died fo foon, that it Was impoffible and indeed to no 
 purpofe to go about to ees who 
 
 nd wh 
 Cii ane WD 
 
 was well, or to fhut them ip wich fuch Exactnef Sy 
 ". as the thing required ; lmott every Houfe in 2 pole 
 Street being inteéted, and in y Places eVery Per= 
 fon infome of the Houfes; and that which was fill 
 worfe, by the time that the Houfes were known to 
 
 be infeGted, moft of the Per ons infeéted would be 
 fone dead, and the reft run away for Fear of be- 
 ing fhut up ; fo that it was to very {mall P Puspals, to 
 oS them infected Houtes and thy it them bag ; the 
 Infeétion having r: ivaged, and taken its LE eave of the 
 Houfe, before it was really — n, that the Family 
 Was any way touch’d. 
 _ + This tke be fufici to convince any reafon- 
 able Perfon, that as it was not in the Power of the 
 Magilirates, or of any humane Methods or Policy, 
 to prevent the {preading the seigeebsuan fo that this 
 way of fhutting up ot Houfes was perfeGly infuffi- 
 cient for that End. Indeed ie becca to have no man- 
 net of publick Good in it, equal or proportionable 
 tothe gricvous Burthen that ic was to the particular 
 
 i) Families, that were fo fhut up; and as far as was 
 t) employed by the publick in directing that Severity, 
 
 aera found occafion to fee, that it was inca- 
 pable of anfwering the End: For Example as I 
 Was delired as a Vif fitor or Examiner to enquire 
 into: che Particulars of feveral Families which were 
 infeGied, we {carce came to any Houfe where 
 thé Plague had vifibly saeee ‘din the Family, bur 
 
 i) that fome of the Family were Fled and gone; the 
 fh Magi- 
 
 a" 
 
= 
 
 192 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 Magifirates w ould refent this, and charge the Exa- 
 miners with being remifs in their Examination or 
 Infpection : But by that means Houfes were long in- 
 feéted before it was known. Now, as I was in this 
 dangerous Office but half the appointed time, which 
 was two Months, it was long enough to inform 
 hat we were no way capable of coming at 
 
 myilelf, t 
 the Knowledge of the true ftate of any Family, but 
 by enquiring at the Door, or of the Neighbours ; as 
 for going into every Houfe to fearch, that was a part, 
 no Authority wou'd offer to impofe on the Inhabi- 
 tants, or any Citizen wou’d undertake, for it woud 
 ha’ been expofing us to certain Infe@ion and Death, 
 and to the Ruine of our own Families as well as of 
 ourfelves, nor wou’d any Citizen of Probity, and 
 that cou’d be depended upon, have ftaid in the Town, 
 if they had been made liable to fuch a Severity. 
 Seeing then that we cou’d come at the certainty 
 of Things by no Method but that of Enquiry of the 
 Neighbours, or of the Family, and on that we coud 
 not juftly depend, it was not poffible, but that the 
 incertainty of this Matter wou’d remain as above. 
 It is true, Mafters of Families were bound by the 
 Order, to give Notice to the Examiner of the Place 
 wherein he liv’d, within two Hours after he fhou’d 
 difcover it, of any Perfon being fick in his Houle, 
 that is ro fay, having Signs of the Infection, but they 
 found fo many ways to evade this, and excufe their 
 Negligence, that they feldom gave that Notice, till 
 they had taken Meafuresto have every one Efcape out 
 of the Houfe, who had a mind. to Efcape, whether 
 they were Sick or Sound ; and while this was fo, it 
 is eafie to fee, that the fhutting up of Houfes was 
 no way to be depended upon, as a {ufficient Method 
 for putting a ftop to the Infe@tion, becaufe, as | have 
 {aid elfewhere, many of thofe that fo went outdo 
 thofe infe@ed Houfes, had the Plague really upos 
 them, tho’ they might really think themfelves Sound: 
 
 And fome of thefe were the People that walk’d the 
 Streets 
 
 — 
 
thee PLAGUE. 193 
 
 Streets till they fell down Dead, not that they were 
 fuddenly ftruck with the Diflemper, as with a 
 Bullet that kill’d with the Stroke, but that they 
 really had the Infestion in their Blood long betore, 
 only, that, as it prey ‘dfecretly on the Vitals, it ap- 
 pear’d not till it feiz’d the Heart witha mortal Pow- 
 er, and the Patient died in a Moment, as with a fud- 
 den Fainting, or an Apoplectick Fit. 
 
 I know that fome,even of our Phyficians,thought, 
 for a time, that thofe People that fo died in the 
 Streets, were feiz’d but that Moment they fell, as if 
 they had been touch’d by a Stroke from Heaven, as 
 Menare kill’d by a lath of Lightning; but they found 
 Reafon to alter their Opinion afterward ; for upon 
 examining the Bodies of fuch after they were Dead, 
 they always either had Tokens upon them, or other 
 evident Proofs of the Diflemper having been longer 
 upon them, than they had otherwife expected. 
 
 This often was the Reafon that, as I have faid, 
 we, that were Examiners, were not able to come at 
 the Knowledge of the Infection being eater’d into 
 a Houfe, till it was too late to fhut it up ;and fome- 
 times not till the People that were left, were all Dead. 
 In Petticoat-Lane two Houfes together were infected, 
 and feveral People fick ; but the Diftemper was fo 
 well conceal’d, the Examiner, who was my Neigh- 
 bour, got no Knowledge of it, till Notice was fent 
 him that the People were all Dead, and that the 
 Carts fhould call there to fetch them away, The 
 two Heads of the Families concerted their Meafures, 
 and fo order’d their Matters, as that when the Ex- 
 aminer was in the Neighbourhood, they appeared 
 generally one at a time, and anfwered, that is, lied 
 for one another, or got fome of the Neighbourhood 
 to fay they were all in Health, and perhaps knew no 
 better, till Death making it impoffible to keep it any 
 longer as a Secret, the dead-Carts were call'd in 
 
 the Night, the Houfes to both, and fo it became 
 publick : 
 
#94 MEMOIRS Of 
 hen the Examiner order’d the Con- 
 1¢ Houfes, there was no Body lett 
 in themb ree People,two in one Houfe, and one 
 in the other juft dying, anda eee in each Houle, 
 1at they had buried five before, 
 that the Houf | been inteéted nine or ten 
 Days, and that ei r all the reft of the two Families, 
 which were many, the y were gone, fome fick, fome 
 well, or whether fick or well could not be known. 
 
 In like manner, at another Houfe in the fame 
 Lane, a Man having his Family infected, but very 
 unw illing to :be fhut up, when he could conceal it 
 no longer, fhut up himfelf; thatis to fay, he fet the 
 great red Crots s upon his Door with the words Lorp 
 
 AVE MERcy UPON US ; and fo deluded the Exami- 
 ner, who ft spos'd it had been done by the Conftable, 
 by Order of the other Examiner, for there were two 
 Examiners to every Diftri& or Preciné ; by this 
 means he had free egref{s and regrefs into his Houle e 
 again, and out © Fit, as he pleas ‘d notwithftar ding i it 
 was infected Ea at length his Str atagem was found 
 out, and then he, with the found part of his Servants 
 and Family, made off and efcaped ; fo they were not 
 fhut up at all. 
 
 Thefe things made it very hard, if not impoflible, 
 as I have faid, to prevent the be foie ading iy an Infec- 
 tion by the fhutting up of Houfes, unle fs the Peo- 
 ple would think the fhutting up shee Houfes no 
 Grievance, and be fo willing to have it done, 
 that they wou'd give Notice dt ily and faithfully to 
 the Magi iftrates of ‘sig being infected, as foon as it 
 was known by themfelves : = as that can not be 
 expected from them, and the Examiners can not 
 be fuppofed, as rr. to go into their Houfes to 
 vifit and and fearch, all the good of fhutting up Hou- 
 fe s, will be defeated, Bs few Houfes will be Prat up 
 in time, eee thofe of the Poor, w ho can not con- 
 
 ceal it, and of fome People who will be difcover'd by 
 the 
 
 who acknowled 5 d 
 
 he 
 
the PLAGUE. 19% 
 
 72 
 the Terror and Confternation which the Thing 
 put them into. 
 
 I got myfelf difcharg’d of the dangerous Office I 
 Was in, as {oon as I cou’d get another admitted, who 
 {had obtain‘’d for a little Mony to accept of it ; and 
 fo, initead of ferving the two Months, which was di- 
 recied, I was not above three Weeks in it; and a 
 great while too, confidering it was in the Month of 
 Augufi, at which time the Diftemper began to rage 
 with great Violence at our end of the Town. 
 
 In the execution of this Office, I cou’d not refrain 
 {peaking my Opinion among my Neighbours, as to 
 this fhutting up the People in their Houfes; in which 
 we faw molt evidently the Severities that were ufed 
 tho grievius in themfelves, had alfo this particular Ob- 
 jection againft them, namely, that they did not an- 
 
 {wer the End, as I have faid, but that the diflemper’d 
 Peopie went Day by Day about the Streets; and it 
 Was our united Opinion, that a Method to have re- 
 moved the Sound from the Sick in Cafe of a parti- 
 cular Houfe being vifited, wou’d ha’ been much 
 more reafonable on many Accounts, leaving no Body 
 with the fick Perfons, but fuch as fhou’d-on fuch 
 Occafion requeft to ftay and declare themfelves con- 
 tent to be fhut up with them. 
 
 Our Scheme for remo ing thofe that were Sound 
 from thofe that were Sick, was only in fuch Houfes 
 as were infected, and confining the fick was no Con- 
 finement ; thofe that cou’d not ftir, wou'd not com- 
 plain,while they were intheir Senfes, and while they 
 had the Power of judging: Indeed, when they came 
 to be Dilirious and Light-headed, then they wou’d 
 cry outof the Cruelty of being confin’d ; but for the 
 removal of thofe that were well, we thoughr it high- 
 ly reafonable and juft, for their own fakes, they 
 fhou’d be remov’d from the Sick, and that, for other 
 People’s Safety, they fhou’d keep retir’d for a while, 
 
 2 to 
 
196 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 ¥ { 1 and miot aC ve 
 to fee that they were ilound, and might not Infect 
 others; and we thought twenty or thirty Days enough 
 
 Now certainly, if Houfes had been provided on 
 
 for thofe that were found to perform this de- 
 my Quarantine in, they wou’d have much lefs Rea- 
 fon to think then felves injur’d in fuch a re{traint; 
 than in being confin’d with infected People, in the 
 Houfes where they liv d. 
 
 It is here, however, to be obfery’d, that after the 
 Funerals became fo many, that aie could not 
 Toli the Bell, Mourn, « rW oP or wear Black for 
 one another, as they did ae 1 nor fo eee: as 
 make Cc ffins for thofe that died: fo a a while the 
 
 ' 
 fury of the I: fects on appeared to be th aicieala 
 
 nihort, th hey {hut up nn 
 
 that all the Remed ies re if tl at Kind ha 
 ulead till they were found ¢ ruitle{s 
 ague {pread itfelf with an irrefiftibie F 
 as the Fire the fucceeding Year, {pr 
 
 burnt with fuch Violence, that 
 
 rer their Endeavours 
 
 rue, ic came at laft to fuch Violence 
 wit dealt tA!) see the | 
 at itili iOOKINE ¢ Q 
 feem’d quite yd to $ 
 
 feem’d to be defolated, and not to be fhut uy 
 
 but to be emptied of their Inhabitants ; Doors were 
 left open, Windows ftood fhattering with the Wind in 
 empty Houfes, for want of Peo ple t to fhut them : : Tn 
 a Word, People | began to give up themfelves to their 
 Fears, sted to think that all rs gulatior 1s and Niece 
 were in vain, and that Ss was nothing to be ho- 
 ped los but an univerfal Defolation ; and it was €- 
 yen in the height of this general Defpair, that it 
 pleafed God to ftay his Hand, and to flacken the 
 
 Fury of the Contagion, in fuch a manner as was ¢- 
 ver furprizing like its beginning, and demonftrated 
 it-to be his own particular Hand, and that above, if 
 
 not 
 
thee PLAGUE. 197 
 
 not without the Agency of Means, as I fhall take 
 Notice of in its proper Place. 
 
 But I muft ftill fpeak of the Plague as inits height, 
 raging even to Defolation, and the People under 
 the moft dreadful Confternation, even, as [have faid, 
 to Defpair. It is hardly credible to what Exceiles 
 the Paffions of Men carry’d them in this Extremicy 
 of the Diftemper ; and this Part, 1 think, was as 
 moying asthe reft; What cou’d affe& a Man in bis 
 full Power of Reflection ; and what could male 
 deeper Impreffions on the Soul, than to feea Man 
 almoft Naked and got out of his Houfe, or perhaps 
 out of his Bed into the Street, come out of Harrow- 
 Alley, 2 populous Conjunction or Collection of Al- 
 leys, Courts, and Pailages, in the Butcher-row 
 in Whitechappel? 1 fay, What oould be more Af- 
 fecting, than to fee this poor Man come out into the 
 open Street, run Dancing and Singing, and making 
 a thoufand antick Geftures, with five or fix Women 
 and Children running after him, Crying, and calling 
 upon him, for the Lord’s fake to come back, and’ en- 
 treating the help of others to bring him back, but 
 ail in vain, no Body daring to lay a Hand upon him, 
 or to come near him. 
 
 This was a moft grievous and afflicting thing to 
 me, who fee it all from my own Windows ; for all 
 this while, the poor afflicted Man, was, as I obferv'd 
 it, even then in the utmoft Agony of Pain, having, 
 as they faid, two Swellings upon him, which cou’d 
 not be brought to break, or to fuppurate ; but by 
 laying ftrong Caufticks on them, the Surgeons had, it 
 feems,hopes to break them, whichCaulticks were then 
 upon him, burning his Flefh as with a hot Iron: 1 
 cannot fay what became of this poor Man, but I 
 think he continu’d roving about in that manner till 
 he fell down and Died. : a 
 
 No wonder the Afpe& of the City itfelf was fright- 
 ful, the ufual concourfe of People in the “Streets, 
 O03 and 
 
198 Mer ail 
 
 and which ufed to be upplied from our end of the 
 
 Town, was abated; the se cnaee was not kept fhur 
 indeed, but it was no more frequented ; the Fires 
 were loft ; they had been almoft extinguifhed for 
 fume Days by a very {mart and hafty Rain: But 
 that was not-all 3 fome of the Phyficians infifted tha 
 they were not only no Benefit, but injurious to the 
 Health ot People: This they made a loud Clamour 
 about, and com iplai n’d to the fi: Mayor about it; 
 On the other Hand, others of the fame Faculty, 
 and Eminent too, oppos’d them, and gave their 
 Reafons why the Fires were and muft be ufeful to 
 afiwage the Violence of the Diftemper. I cannor 
 give a full Acco unt of their Arguments on both 
 Sid es, only this I remember, that th ey cavil’d very 
 much with one another; ; fome were for Fires, but 
 that they muft be made of Wood and not Coal, 
 and of particular forts of Wood too, {uch as Fir in 
 articular, or Cedar, becaufe of the ftrong effluvia 
 rpen tine; Others were for Coa land not Wood, 
 ufe of the Sulphur and Bitumen ; and others 
 were for neither one or other. Upon the whole, 
 the Lord Mayor ordered no more Fires es, and efpe- 
 hi n sane, that the Plague was fo 
 ly it defied all Means and 
 n decreafe u pon any 
 esotientidn 4 to chek and abate i, see yet this 
 Amazement of the giftrates, proceeded rather 
 from want of being able to apply any Means fuc- 
 cefsfully, ven from any Medes, {s either to ex- 
 he Care and Weight 
 of Bufine 3 for, to do them Ju {iice, they neither 
 foa ired their Pains or their ,Perfons ; but nothing 
 anfwer'd, ag Infection 1 rag’c 1, and the e People were 
 now frigh ited and terrified to the laft Degree, fo 
 that, as I may fay, they gave themf{elyes up, and, as 
 I mention’d above, abandon’d themfelves to their 
 Defpair, 
 
 beca 
 
 But 
 
SS 
 the PLAGUE. 199 
 
 But let me obferve here, that when I fay the Peo- 
 ple abandon’d themfelves to Defpair, 1 do not meat 
 to what Men call a religious Defpair, or a D {pair 
 of their eternal State, but I mean a Defpair of their 
 being able to efcape the Infection, or to out-live the 
 Plague, which they faw was fo raging and fo irre- 
 fiftible in its Force, that indeed few Péople that 
 were touch’d with it in its height about Augu/, and 
 September, efcap'd : And, which is very particular, con- 
 trary to its ordinary Operation in June and Fuly, 
 and the beginning of Avgu/t, when, as I have ob- 
 ferv’d many were infected, and continued fo many 
 Days, and then went off, after having had the Poi- 
 fon in their Blood a long time ; but now on the con- 
 trary, moft of the People who were taken during 
 the two laft Weeks in Amgu/t, and in the three 
 firt Weeks in September, generally died in two 
 or three Days at fartheft, and many the very 
 fame Day they were taken ; Whether the Dog-daysy 
 or as our Aftrologers pretended to exprefs them- 
 felves, the Influence of the Dog-Star had that ma- 
 lignant Effect ; or all thofe who had the feeds of 
 Infe@tion before in them, brought it up to a ma- 
 turity at that time altogether I know not 5 but this 
 was the time when it was reported, that above 
 3oeo People died in one Night ; and they that 
 wou'd have us believe they more critically obferv’d 
 it, pretend to fay, that they all died within the fpace 
 of two Hours, (viz.) Between the Hours of One 
 and three in the Morning. 
 
 Asto the Suddennefs of People’s dying at this time 
 more than before, there were innumerable Inftances 
 of it, and I could name feveral in my Neighbour- 
 hood ; one Family without the Barrs, and not far 
 from me, were all feemingly well on the Monday, 
 being Ten in Family, that Evening one Maid and 
 one Apprentice were taken ill, and dy’d the next Mor- 
 
 ning, when the other Apprentice and two Children 
 were 
 
200 MEMOIRS of 
 
 were touch’d, whereof one dy’d the fame Evening, 
 and He other two on Wednefday ; In a Word, by 
 Saturday at Noon, the Matter, Mittrefs, four Chil- 
 dren and four Servants were all gone, and the Houfe 
 left entirely empty, except an ancient. Woman, whe 
 came in to take Charge of the Goods for the Mafter 
 of the Family’s Brother, who liv’d not far off, and 
 who had not been fick, 
 
 Many Houfes were then left defolate, ajl the Peo- 
 ple being carry’d away dead, and efpecially in an 
 Alley farther, on the fame Side beyond. the Barrs, 
 going in at the Sign of Mo/es and Rove ; there were 
 feveral aaa together swhich (th y faid)had not one 
 Perfon left alive in them, ahd one that dy’d laftin 
 feveral of thofe "Hout fes, were left a littl e too long be- 
 fore they Were fetch’d out to be bury’d; the Reafon 
 of which was not as fome have written very untruly, 
 thatt the ivi ing were not fufficient to bury the dead; 
 but that the Mortality was fo great in the Yardor 
 Mies that there was no Body left to give Notice to 
 the flats or Sextons, that there were any dead Bo- 
 dies there to be bury ‘4. It was faid,how true I know 
 not, that fome of thofe Bodies were fo much corrup- 
 ted, and forotten, that it was with Difficulty they 
 were carry d; and as the Carts could not come any 
 nearer than to the Alley-Gate in the high Street,/1t 
 was fo much the more difficult to bring them along; 
 but I am not certain how many Bodies were then 
 left, Iam fure that peplcone it was not fo, 
 
 AsI have mention’d how the P Peop le were brough 
 into a Condition to defpa ale of 5 Bete and Brine 
 themfelves, fo this very Thing hada ftrange Effea 
 among us for three or four Weeks, that is, it made 
 them bold and venturous, they were no more fhy of 
 one another, or reftrained within Doors, but went 
 any where and every where, and began to conv erfe; 
 one would fay to we I donot ask you how you 
 are, or fay how I am, it is certain we fhall -all go, 
 
 10 
 
ay 
 thee PLAGUE, 201 
 
 {9 "tis no Matter who is fick or who is found, and fo 
 they run defperately into any Place or any Company. 
 
 As it brought the People into publick Company, 
 fo it was furprizing how it brought them to crowd 
 into the Churches, they inquir’d no more into who 
 they fat nearto,or far from, what offenfive Smells they 
 met with, or what condition thePeople feemed to be 
 in, but looking upon themfelves al!as fo many dead 
 Corpfes, they came to the Churches withour the leaft 
 Caution, and crowded together, as if their Lives 
 were of no Confequence, compar’d to the Work 
 which they came about there : Indeed, the Zeal 
 which they fhew’d in Coming, and the Earneftnefs 
 and Affeétion they fhew’d in their Attention to what 
 they heard, made it manifeft what a Value People 
 would all put upon the Worfhip of God, if they 
 thought every Day they attended at the Church 
 that it would be their Laft. 
 
 Nor was it without other ftrange Effects, for jt 
 took away all Manner of Prejudice at, or Scruple a- 
 bout the Perfon who they found in the Pulpit when 
 they came to the Churches. It cannot be doubted, 
 but that many of the Minifters of the Parifh-Chur- 
 ches were cut off among others in fo common and 
 fodreadfula Calamity; and others had not Courage 
 enough to ftand it, but removed into the Country 
 as they found Means for Efcape, as then fome Pa- 
 tifheChurches were quite vacant and forfaken, the 
 People made no Scruple of defiriug fuch Diflenters 
 as had been a few Years before depriv’d of their Li- 
 vings, by Virtue of the Act of Parliament calPd, 
 The AGE of Uniformity to preach in the Churches, nor 
 did the Church Minifters in that Cafe make any 
 Difficulty of accepting their Affiftance, fo that ma- 
 ny of thofe who they called filenced Minifters, had 
 their Mouths open’d on this Occafion, and preach’d 
 publickly to the People. 
 
 Here 
 
202 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 Here we may obferve, and Lhope it will not be 
 amifs to take notice of it, that a near View of Death 
 would Fea reconcile Men of good Principles 
 one to another, and that it is cl hiefly owing to our 
 eafy Scituation in Life, and our putting th efe Things 
 far from us, that our Breaches are fomented, ill 
 Blood continued, Prejudices, Breach of Charity and 
 of Chriftian Union fo much kept and fo far car- 
 pb on among us, as it is: Another Plague Year 
 would reconcile all thefe Differences, a clofe con- 
 verfing with Death, or with Difeafes that threaten 
 Deat th, would fcum off the Gall from our Tem- 
 pers, remove the Animofities among us, and 
 bring us to fee with differing Eyes, than thofe 
 which we look’d on Things with before 5 as 
 the People who had been ufed to join with the 
 C hurch, were reconcil’d at this Tes with the 
 1g the Diilenters to preach to them: 
 So t} enters, who with an uncommon Preju- 
 dice, had broken off from the Communion of the 
 Church of Zogland, were now content to come to 
 their Parifh-Churches, and to conform to tne Wor- 
 fhip which they oth not approve of before; but as 
 the Terror of the Infeétion abated, thofe Things 
 all returned again to their lefS defirable Channel, 
 and to the Cou rfe they were in before. 
 
 E mention this but hiftorically, I have no miad 
 to eater into Arguments to move either, or both 
 Sides to a more charitable Compliance one with a- 
 nother ; I do not fee that it is probable fuch a Dif- 
 courte would be either faitable or fuccefsful ; the 
 aches feem rather to widen, and tend to a wi- 
 
 ling farther, than toclofing, and who am | that 
 1 fhould think myfelf able to influence either one 
 Side or other ? But this I may repeat again, that 
 bi evident Death will reconcile us all; on the 0- 
 ther Side the Grave we fhall be all Brethren again: 
 [a “Heaven, whether, I hope we may come from all 
 Parties 
 
EY 
 the PLAGUE. — a0, 
 
 Parties and Perfwafions, we hall find neither Pre. 
 judice or Scruple ; there we fhall be of one Principle 
 and of one Opinion, why we cannot be content to 
 go Hand in Hand to the Place where we fhall join 
 Heart and Hand without the leaft Hefitation, and 
 with the moft compleat Harmony and Affeétion ae | 
 fay, why we cannot do fo here I can fay nothing to, 
 neither fhall 1 fay any thing more of it, but that it 
 temains to be lamented. 
 
 I could dwell a great while upon the Calamities 
 of this dreadful time, and go on to deferibe the 
 Objects that appear’d among us every Day, the 
 dreadful Extravagancies which the Diftra@ion of 
 fick People drove them into, how the Streets be- 
 gan now to be fuller of frightful Objects, and Fa. 
 milies to be made even a Terror to themfelves - 
 But after 1 have told you, as I have above, that 
 One Man being tyed in his Bed, and finding no 
 other Way to deliver himfelf, fet the Bed on fire 
 With his Candle, which unhappily ftood within his 
 teach, and Burnt himfelf in his Bed. And how 
 another, by the infufferable Torment he bore, 
 daunced and fung naked in the Streets, not know. 
 ing one Extafie from another, I fay, after | have 
 Mention’d thefe Things, What can be added more ? 
 What can be faid to reprefent the Mifery of thefe 
 Times, more lively to the Reader, or to give him 
 4 more perfect Idea of a complicated Diftrefs ? 
 
 I muft acknowledge that this time was Terti- 
 le, that! was fometimes at the End of all my Re- 
 folutions, and that 1 had not the Courage that | had 
 at the Beginning. As the Extremity brought other 
 People abroad, it drove me Home, and excepr, 
 having made my Voyage down to Blackwall and 
 Greenwich, as | have related, which was an Excur- 
 fion, | kept afterwards very much within Doors, 
 asthad for about a Fortnight before; [ have faid 
 already, that I repented feveral times that I had 
 
 ; ventur’d 
 
204 M (OIRS Of 
 
 nt 2 1 Lown, | 
 with n } 5 V5 as too 
 late fc now } anc had retreated and ftayd 
 within Doors a ¢ before my I patience 
 led me A ad. th call’d me, as 1 have faid, 
 to an 1 1 dan fice, which: brougat 
 me-out but vas expir dy while-the 
 
 in, and-¢on- 
 ten or twelve Days more, . Duning 
 which many difmal Speétacl fented them- 
 felves inmy View, 
 
 : ; 
 emper laited, 1 retir dag: 
 
 tinued 
 
 indows, and 
 from Har- 
 eature which 
 
 : : and many others 
 ht pafs’d over, but 
 oe at the End 
 lace full of poor 
 to the Butchers,or 
 
 in our own Street, as thi 
 yow- Alley, of po 
 danced and fung in é 
 there were : Scarfe a Da sy 
 aie difmal ‘Phir 
 f that Harroz 
 People 
 
 Or 
 
 to Em pon the Butchery 
 Sometimes Hie 1 Throngs of People would 
 
 burft out of tha y, mof of them Women, 
 
 making a dreadiu miour, miixt or Compound- 
 
 ed of ind Calling one another, 
 that we could not conceive what to make of «at ; 
 of the Night the dead 
 
 hat Alley, tor if it went 
 iin, and could’ goin 
 
 } 
 aim 
 
 a nott all the dead Pa 
 
 Cart i 
 
 V5 it ftood to rece 
 3 yurch-Yard was'but 4 
 ; off, if ic went away full it would foon 
 ‘ gain: Ir is impoffi se to defcribe che mou 
 horrible Cries and Noife the poor People would 
 make at their bringing the dead Bodies ‘of theit 
 Children and Friends our to the C ut, and by the 
 Number one would have thought, there had been 
 none left behind, or that there were People enough 
 fora fn liveing in thofe Places : ° Several 
 
 times they cryed “Marthe ry fometimes Fire 5" but 
 It 
 
thee PLAGUE. 205 
 
 it was efie to perceive it was all Diitracion, and 
 the Complaints of Diftrefs’d and diftemper’d Peo- 
 ple. 
 
 I believe it was every where thus at that cime,for 
 the’ Plague rag’d for fix or feven Weeks beyond ail 
 tliat | have exprefs’d ; and came even to fuch a 
 height, that in the Extremity, they began to break 
 into that excellent Order, of which I have fpoken 
 fo much, in bebalf of the Magiftrates, namely, 
 that no dead Bodies were feen in the Streets or 
 Burials in the Day-time, for there was a Neceflity, 
 inthisExtremery, to bear with its being otkerwile, 
 for a little while. 
 
 One thing | cannot omit here, and indeed | 
 thought it was extraordinary, at leaft, it feemed a 
 remarkable Hand of Divine Juftice, (viz) That 
 all the Predictors, Aftrologers, Fortune-teljers, 
 and what they call’d cunnirg-Men, Conjurers, and 
 the like; calculators of Nativities, and dreamers 
 of Dreams, and fuch People, were gone and va- 
 nifh’'d, not one of them was to be found: I am, 
 verily, perfwaded that a great Number of them fell 
 inthe heat of the Calamity, having ventured to 
 ftay upon the Frofpect of getting yreat Eftates; 
 and indeed their Gain was but too great fora time 
 through the Madnefs and Folly of the People; but 
 now they were fileut, many of them went to their 
 long Home, not able to foretel their own Fate, or 
 to calculate their own Nativities; fome have been 
 critical enough to fay, that every one of them dy’d; 
 Tdare not affirm that; but this 1 muft own, tha: 
 Tnever heard of one of them that ever appear'd 
 after the Calamity was over. : 
 
 But to return to my particular Obfervations, 
 duriag this dreadful part of the Vifitation: I am 
 how come, as 1 have faid, to the Month of Sep. 
 tember, which was the moft dreadful of its kind, f 
 
 believe, that ever London faw; for by all the Ac. 
 counts 
 
 Babe ci Se 
 
 Hr 
 Lh 
 | q 
 
 Pee =e a Zs 
 
 ri 
 
 = we Metaeare 
 
, % - ' 
 s } 
 
 206 MEMOIRS of 
 
 j 
 
 ; counts which I have feen of the preceding Vifita: 
 tions which have been in London, nothing has been 
 like it ; the Number in the Weekly Bill amount. 
 ing to almoft 40,000 from the 22d of Ayguft, to 
 the 26th of September, being but five Weeks, the 
 particulars of the Bills are as follows, (viz.) 
 
 From Auguft the 22d to the 29th 7496 
 
 To the 7th of September mem 82.52 
 
 To the 12th —_— — 7690 
 To the roth —_-_ -..- 8299 
 To the 26th -——— S§- —_——_-__. 6460 : 
 
 33195 
 
 This wasa prodigious Number of itfelf, but if 
 I fhould add the Reafons which 1 have to believe ~. 
 that this Account was deficient, and how deficient 
 it was, you would with me, make no Scruple to be- ,” 
 lieve that there died above tenThoufand a Week for 
 all thofe Weeks, one Week -with another, and a 
 proportion for feveral Weeks both before and af- 
 ter: The Confufion among the People, efpecially 
 within the City at that time, was inexpreffible ; the 
 Terror was fo great at laft, that the Courageofthe * 
 People appointed to carry away the Dead, began ° 
 to fail them ; nay, feveral of them died altho’ they 
 had the Diftemper before, and were recover’d; 
 and fome of them drop’d down when they have 
 been carrying the Bodies even at the Pitfide, and 
 juft ready to throw them in; and this Confufion ™' 
 was greater in the City, becaufe they had flat- iN 
 ter’d themfelves with Hopes of efcaping: And 
 thought the bitternefs of Death was paft: One \! 
 Cart they told us, going up Shoreditch, was for- 
 faken of the Drivers, or being left to one Man to 
 drive, he died in the Street, and the Horfes going 
 on, overthrew the Cart, and left the Bodies, fome 
 thrown out here,fome there, in a difmal manner; * 
 : . Another Cart was it feems found in the great * 
 
 Pit 
 
ey, 
 
 the P I. AGUE, 207 
 Pit in Finsbury Fields, the Driver being Dead, or 
 having been gone and abandon’d it, and the Horfes 
 running too near it, the Cart tell in and drew the 
 Horfes in alfo: It was fuggefted that the Driver 
 was thrown in with it, and that the Cart fel] up- 
 on him, by Reafon his Whip was feen to be In 
 the Pit among the Bodies ; but that, 1 fuppofe, 
 coud not be certain. 
 
 In our Parifh of Aldgate, the dead-Carts 
 were feveral times. as | have heard, found ftand- 
 ing at the Church-yard Gate, full of dead Bodies, 
 but neither Bell man or Driver, or any one elfe 
 with it; neither ia thefe, or many other Cafes, did 
 they know what Bodies they had in their Cart, for 
 fometimes they were let down with Rones out of 
 Balconies and out of Windows; ard fometimes 
 the Bearers brought them to the Cart, fometimes 
 Other People; nor, as the Men themfelves faid, did 
 they trouble themfelves to keep ane Account of 
 the Numbers. 
 
 The Vigilance of the Magiftrate was now put 
 to the utmoft Trial, and it muft be confefs'd, can 
 never be enough acknowledg’d on this Occafion 
 alfo, whatever Rxpence or Trouble they were at, 
 two Things were never neglected in the City or 
 Suburbs either. 
 
 1. Provifions were always to be had in full Plenty, 
 and the Price not much rais’d neither, hardly 
 worth {peaking. 
 
 2, No dead Bodies lay unburied or uncovered ; 
 and if one walk’d from one end of the City to ano- 
 ther,no Funeral or fign of it wasto be feen in the 
 Day-time, except a little, as I have faid above, in 
 the three firft Weeks in September. ; 
 
 This laft Article perhaps will hardly be believ’d, 
 When fome Accounts which others have publithed 
 fince that fhall be feen, wherein they fay, that the 
 Dead lay unburied, which 1 am aflured was cee 
 
 alfe ; 
 
208 MEMOIRS O 
 
 falfe; at leaft, if it had been any where fo, it muft 
 ha’ been in Houfes where the Living were gone 
 from the Dead, having found means, as 1 have ob- 
 ferved, to Efcape, and where no Notice was gi- 
 
 ven to the Officers: All which amounts to nothing 
 at all inthe Cafe in Hand ; for this I am pofitive 
 
 re@ion ot that part in the Parifh in which I liv‘d, 
 
 - Cr ~ ? 5A ° , . ‘ . 
 ip. having myfelf been employ a a little in the Di- 
 9 
 
 and where as great Defolation was made 
 jn proportion to the Number of Inhabitants as 
 was any where. I fay, Lam fure that there were 
 no dead Bodies remain’d unburied ; that is to fay, 
 none that the proper Officers knew of ; none for 
 want of People to carry them off, and Buriers to 
 put them into the Ground and cover them ; and 
 this is fufficient to the Argument ; for what might 
 lie in Houfes and Holes as in Adofes and Aaron Ally is 
 nothing ; for it 1s moft certain, they were buried as 
 foon as thef were found. As to the firft Article, 
 namely, of Provifions, the {carcity or dearnefs, tho 1 
 have mention’d it before, and ‘hall fpeak of it a- 
 gain; yet I muft obferve here, 
 
 (1.) The Price of Bread in particular was not 
 euch raifed; for in the beginning of the Year (vid.) 
 In the firft Week 1n March, the Penny Wheaten 
 Loaf was ten Ounces and a half; and in the height 
 of the Contagion, it was to be had at nine Ouf- 
 ces and an half, and never dearer, no not all that 
 Seafon: And about the beginning of November it 
 was fold ten Ounces and a half again ; the like of 
 which, I believe, was never heard of in any City, 
 under fo dreadful a Vifitation before. 
 
LW 
 theePLAGUE. 209 
 
 any want of Bakers or Ovens kept open to fupply 
 theyPeople with Bread; but this was indeed allede’d 
 by fome Families, viz. That their Maid-Servants go- 
 ing to the Bake-houfes with their Dough to be 
 baked, which was then the Cuftom, fometimes came 
 Home with the Sicknefs, that is to fay, the Plague 
 upon them. 
 
 In all this dreadful Vifitation, there were, as I 
 have faid before, but two Peft-houfes made ule of, 
 viz. One in the Fields beyond O/d-Street, and one in 
 Wefiminfier, neither was there any Compulfionus’d 
 in carrying People thither: Indeed there was no 
 need of Compulfion in the Cafe, for there were 
 Thoufands of poor diftreffed People, who having no 
 Help, or Conveniences, or Supplies but of Cha- 
 rity, would have been very glad to have been carryed 
 thither, and been taken Care of, which indeed was 
 the only thing that, I think, was wanting in the whole 
 publick Management of the City ; feeing no Body 
 was here allow’d to be brought to the Peft-houfe, 
 but where Money was given, or Security for Money, 
 either at their introducing, or upon their being 
 curd and fent out ; for very many werefent out again 
 Whole, and very good Phyficians were appointed to 
 thofe Places, fo that many People did very well there, 
 gf which I fhall make Mention again. The prin- 
 cipal Sort of People fent thither were, as I have faid, 
 Servants, who got the Diftemper by going of Er- 
 tands to fetch Neceffaries to the Families where they 
 liv’d; and who in that Cafe, if they came Home 
 fick, were remov’d to preferve the reft-of the Houle ; 
 and they were fo well look’d after there in all the 
 time of the Vifitation, that there was but 156 bur- 
 tied in all at the London Peft-houfe, and tro at 
 that of Weftminfter. 
 
 _. By having more Peft-houfes, I am far from mean- 
 ing a forcing all People inte fuchPlaces, Had the 
 P fhutting 
 
NA 
 
 210 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 fhutting up of I Houfes been omitted, and the Sick 
 hurried out of their Dwellings to Peft-houfes, as 
 fome propofed it feems, at that time as well as fince, 
 it would certainly have been much worfe than it was; 
 the very removing the Sick, would have been a {pread- 
 ing of the Infection, and the rather becaufe that re- 
 moving could not effectually clearthe Houfe, where 
 the { fick Perfon was, of the Diftemper, and the reft 
 of the Family being then left at Liberty would cer- 
 tainly {fpread it among others. 
 
 The Methodsalfo in private Families, which would 
 have been univerfally ufed to have concealed the 
 Diftemper, and to have conceal’d the Perfons being 
 fick, would have been fuch, that the Diftemper 
 would fometimes have feiz’d a whole Family before 
 any Vifitors or Examiners could have knownof it; 
 On the other hand, the prodigious Numbers which 
 would have beet aGek at atime,would have exceeded all 
 the Capacity of publick Peft-houfes to receive them, 
 or of publick Officer ‘s to difcover and remove them. 
 
 This was well confid ered in thofe Days, and I 
 have heard them talk of it often: The Magiftrates 
 had enough to do to bring People to fubmit to hav- 
 ing their Houfes fhut up, and many Ways they de- 
 
 ceived the Watch mmen, and got Wat, as [ have ob- 
 ferved: But that Difficulty made it apparent, that 
 they would have found it impracticable to have gone 
 the other way to Work ; for they could never have 
 forced the fick People out of their Beds and. out of 
 their Dwellings; it muit not have been my Lord 
 Mayor’s Officers, but an Army of Officers that muft 
 have acbemnpred it; and the People, onthe other hand, 
 would have been enrag’d and defperate, and would 
 have kill’d thofe that “fhould have offered to have 
 meddled with them or with their Children and Re- 
 lations, whatever had befallen them for it; fo that 
 they would bayt made the-People, who, as it bigs 
 were in the moft terrible Diftraction imaginable 5 
 
 ie 
 
Sy 
 the PLAGUE. ya eS i 
 
 fay, they would have madethem ftark mad; where- 
 as the Magiftrates found it proper on feveral Ac- 
 counts to treat them with Lenity and Compaffion, 
 and not with Violence and Terror, fuch as dragging 
 the Sick out of their Houfes,. or obliging them to 
 remove themfelves would have been. 
 
 This leads me again to mention the Time, when 
 the Plague firft began, that is to fay, when it be- 
 came certain that it would fpread over the whole 
 Town, when, as I have faid, the better fort of 
 People firft took the Alarm, and began to hurry 
 themfelves out of Town: It was true, as I obferv’d 
 in its Place, that the Throng was fo great, and the 
 Coaches, Horfes, Waggons and Carts were fo many, 
 driving and dragging the People away, thatitlook’d 
 as if all the City was running away; and had any 
 Regulations been publith’d that had been terrifying 
 at that time, efpecially fuch as would pretend to 
 difpofe of the People, otherwife than they would 
 difpote of themfelves, it would have put both the 
 City and Suburbs into the utmoft Confufion. 
 
 But the Magiftrates wifely caus’d the People to be 
 €ncourag’d, made very good By-Laws for the regu- 
 lating the Citizens, keeping good Order inthe Streets, 
 and making every thing as eligible as poffible to 
 all Sorts of People. 
 
 In the firft Place, the Lord Mayor and the She- 
 riffs, the Court of Aldermen, anda certain Number 
 of the Common Council-Men, or their Deputies 
 came to a Refolution and publifhed it, viz. “ That they 
 “ would not quit the City themfelves, but that they 
 “ would be always at hand for the preferving good 
 ® Order in every Place, and for thedoing Juttice on 
 “all Occafions, as alfo for the diftributing the 
 “ publick Charity to the Poor; atid in a Word, for 
 “the doing the Duty, and difcharging the Truft 
 “ repos’d in them by the Citizens to the utmoft of 
 * their Power, 
 
 : Pz In 
 
& aS 
 
 272 MEMOIRS O 
 
 In Purfuance of thefe Orders, the Lord Mayor, 
 Sheriffs, €7c. held Councils every Day more or 
 lefs, for making fuch Difpofitions as they found 
 needful for preferving the Civil Peace; and tho’ they 
 ufed the People with all poflible Gentlenefs and Cle- 
 nency, yetall manner of prefumptuous Rogues, fuch 
 as Thieves, Houfe-breakers, Plunderers of the Dead, 
 or of the Sick, were duly punifh’d, and feveral De- 
 clarations were continually publith’d by the Lord 
 Mayor and Court of Aldermen againit fuch. 
 
 Alfo all Conftables and Church-wardens were en- 
 join’d to ftay in the City upon fevere Penalties, or 
 to depute fuch able and fufficient Houfe-keepers, as 
 the Deputy Aldermen, or Common Council-men of 
 the Precinét fhould approve, and for whom they 
 fhould give Security 5 and alfo Security in cafe of 
 Mortality, that they would forthwith conftitute 
 other Conftables~in their ftead. 
 
 T hefe things re-eltablifh’d the Mindsof the People 
 very much, efpecially in the firft of their Fright, 
 when they talk’d of making fo univerfal a Flight, 
 that the City would have been in Danger of being 
 entirely deferted of its Inhabitants, except the Poor; 
 and the Country of being plunder’d and laid watte 
 by the Multitude. Nor were the Magittrates de- 
 ficient in performing their Part as boldly as they pro- 
 mifed it; for my Lord Mayor and the Sheriffs were 
 continually in the Streets, and at places of the greateft 
 Danger; and tho’ they did not care for having too 
 greata Refort of People crouding about them, yet, 
 in emergent Cafes, they never denyed the People Ac- 
 ces to them, and heard with Patience all their 
 Grievances and Complaints; my Lord Mayor had 
 4 low Gallery built on purpofe in. his Hall, where 
 he flood a little remov’d from the Croud when any 
 Complaint came to be heard, that he might appeat 
 with as much Safety as poffible. 
 
 Likewile 
 
Ny } 
 
 the PLAGUE. 213 
 
 Likewife, the proper Officers, call’d my Lord 
 Mayor's Officers, conitantly attended in their Turns, 
 as they were in waiting ; and if any of them were 
 fick or infected, as fome of them were, others were 
 inftantly employed to fill up and officiate in their 
 Places, till it was known whether the other fhould 
 live or die. 
 
 In like manner the Sheriffs and Aldermen did in 
 their feveral Stations and Wards, where they were 
 placed by Office; and the Sheriff’s Officers or Ser- 
 geants were appointed to receive Orders from the 
 refpetive Aldermen in their Turn; fo that Juftice 
 was executed in all Cafes without Interruption. In 
 the next Place, it was one of their particular Cares, 
 to fee the Orders for the Freedom of the Markets 
 obferv’d ; and in this part either the Lord Mayor, or 
 one or both of the Sheriffs, were every Market-day 
 on Horfeback to fee their Orders executed, and to 
 fee that the Country People had all poffible En- 
 couragement and Freedom in their coming to the 
 Markets, and going back again ; and that no Nu- 
 fances or frightful @bjects fhould be feen in the 
 Streets to terrify them, or make them unwilling to 
 come. Alfo the Bakers were taken under particular 
 Order, and the Mafter of the Bakers Company 
 was, with his Court of Affiftance, directed to fee 
 the Order of my Lord Mayor for their Regulation put 
 in Execution, and the due Affize of Bread, which 
 was weekly appointed by my Lord Mayor, obfery*d, 
 and allthe Bakers were oblig’d to keep their Ovens 
 going conftantly, on pain of lofing the Privileges of 
 a Freeman of the City of London. : 
 
 By this means, Bread was always to be had in 
 Plenty, and as cheap as ufual, as I faid above; and 
 Provifions were never wanting in the Markets, even 
 to fuch a Degree, that I often wonder’d at it, and 
 Teproach’d my felf with being fo timorous and cau- 
 
 : P 3 tious 
 
 a" 
 
— 
 
 214 Memoirs of 
 
 tious in ftirring abroad, when the Couritry People 
 came freely and boldly to Market, as if there had 
 been no manner of Infeéion in the City, or Dan- 
 ger of catching it. 
 
 It was indeed one admirable piece of Conduét in the 
 faid Magiftrates, that the Streets were kept conftant- 
 ly clear, and free from all manner of frightful Ob- 
 jects, de: nd Bodies, or any fuch things as were inde- 
 cent or ut npleafant, unlefs where any Body fell down 
 
 fuddenly or diedin the Streets, as J have aid above, 
 and thefe were generally covered with fome Cloth 
 or Blanket, or remov’d into the next Church-yard, 
 
 till Night: All the needful Works, that carried 
 T error with them, that sez both difmal and dan- 
 gerous, were done in the Night; if any difeas’d 
 Bodics were remov’d, or dead Bodies buried, or in- 
 fected Cloths burnt, it was done in the Night; and 
 all the Bodies, which were thrown into the great 
 . its inthe fey eral Church-yards, or burying Grounds, 
 
 s has been obferv’d, were fo remov ‘din the Ni ght; 
 ar every thing was covered and clofed before Day: 
 So that in the Day-time there was not the leaft Sig- 
 nal of the Calamity to be ften or heard of, except 
 what was to be obferv’d fromthe Emptinels of the 
 Streets, and fometimes from the paffionate Out- 
 cries and Lamentations of the People, out at_ their 
 Windows, and from the Numbers of Houfes and 
 Shops fhut up. 
 
 Nor was the Silence and Emptinefs of the Streets 
 fo much in the City as in the Out- parts, except juft 
 at one particular time, when, as I have mention’d, the 
 Plague came Eaft, and {pread over all the City : It 
 was indeeda merciful Dilpofition of God, that asthe 
 Plague began at one End of the Town firft, as bas been 
 ebferv’dat large, {oit proceeded progreflively to other 
 Parts , and did not come on this way or Eaft- 
 ward, till it had {pent its Fury in the Weft part of 
 
 the 
 
 te = 
 
=—- tS 
 
 i 
 
 the PLAGUE. 215 
 
 the Town; and fo as it came on One way, it abat- 
 ed another. For Example. 
 
 It began at St. Giles’s and the WVeftminfter End 
 of the Town, and it was in its Height in all that 
 part by about the Middle of Fuly, viz. in St. Giles 
 in the Fields, St. Andrew's Holborn, St. Clement-Danes, 
 St. Martins in the Fields, and in Weflminfer: The 
 latter End of Fuly it decreafed in thofe Parifhes, and 
 coming Eaft, it encreafed prodigioufly in Cripple- 
 gate, St. Sepulebers,St. Fa. Clarkenwell, and St. Brides, 
 and Alder/gate; while it was in all thefe Parifhes, the 
 City and all the Parifhes of the Southwark Side of 
 the Water, and all Stepney, White-Chapel, Aldgate, 
 Wapping, and Ratcliff were very little touch’d; fo 
 that People went about their Bufinefs unconcern’d, 
 catryed on their Trades, kept open their Shops, 
 and converfed freely with one another in all the 
 City, the Eaftand North-Eaft Suburbs, and in South- 
 wark, almoft as if the Plague had not been among us. 
 
 Even when the North and North-weft Suburbs 
 were fully infeéted, viz. Cripplegate, Clarkenwell, 
 Bifbopfgate, and Shoreditch, yet full all the reft were 
 tolerably well. For Example, 
 
 From 2st» Fuly to x Augu/t the Bill ftood thus 
 
 of all Difeates ; 
 
 St. Giles Cripplegate —— sf4 
 St. Sepulchers ——_—_—————-_ 20 
 Clarkenwell ———_-——-———_ 103 
 Bifhop/gate —_—_—_——_————_ 116 
 Shoreditch —-——_————_— ——————————__ 110 
 Stepney Parifh —————_——__ 127 
 Adlgate tetera. OF 
 \ W bite-Chappel mente 104 
 
 All the 97 Parifhes within the Walls — 228 
 
 All the Parifhes in Southwark — 205 
 1880 
 P 4 So 
 
 a 
 
216 MEMOIRS of 
 
 So that in fhort there died more that Week in 
 the two Parifhes of Cripplegate and St. Sepulchers 
 by 48 than inall the City, and all the Eaft Suburbs, 
 and all the Southwark Parifhes put together: This 
 caufed the Reputation of the City’s Health to con- 
 tinue all over England, and efpecially in the Coun- 
 ties and Markets adjacent, from- whence our Supply 
 of Provifions chiefly came, even much longer than 
 hat Health it felf continued; for when the People 
 came into the Streets from the Country, by Shore- 
 ditch and Bifbopfgate,or by Oldfreet and § mithfield,they 
 would fee the out Streets empty, and the Houfesand 
 Shops fhut, and the few People that were ftirring there 
 walk in the Middle of the Streets ; but when they 
 came within the City, there things look’d better, and 
 the Markets and Shops were open, and the People 
 walking about the Streets as ufual, tho’ not quite 
 fo many; and this continued till thé latter End of 
 Augujt, and the Beginning of September. 
 
 But then the Cate alter’d quite, the Diftemper 
 abated in the Weft and North- Wett Parifhes, and 
 the Weight. of the Infe@ion lay on the City and 
 the Eaftern Suburbs and the Southwark Side, and 
 this in a frightful manner. 
 
 Then indeed the City began to look difmal, Shops 
 to be fhut, and the Streets defolate; in the High- 
 Street indeed Neceflity made People ftir abroad on ma- 
 ny Occafions ; and there would bein the middle of the 
 Day a pretty many People, but inthe Mornings and 
 Evenings {carce any to be feen, even there, no notin 
 7 -and Cheapfide. 
 
 ‘Thete Obfervations of mine were abundantly con- 
 firm’d by the Weekly Bills of Mortality for’ thot 
 Weeks, an Abftra&t of which, as they refpect the 
 Parithes which I have mention’d, and as they make the 
 Calculations Iipeak of very evident, take’as follows. 
 
 The Weekly Bill, which makes out this Decreafe 
 of the Burials in the Weft and North fide of the 
 City, ftand thus From 
 
 Corl 
 
thee PLAGUE. 217 
 
 From the r12* of September to the 19°. 
 St. Giles’s Cripplegate 
 
 abd ‘8 456 
 St. Giles in the Fields 140 
 Clarkenwell —_—— 77 
 
 a pen 
 
 St. Sepulchers 214 
 St. Leonard Shoreditch —ee— 183 
 
 Stepney Parifh ——_-_—-_____———_ 716 
 Aldgate ——-————______.. 623 
 W hite-Chapel $3z 
 In the 97 Parifhes within the Walls —— 1493 
 In the 8 Parifhes on Southwark Side——— 1636 
 
 6060 
 
 Here is a ftrange change of Things indeed, and 
 
 a fad Change it was, and hadit held for two Months 
 
 more than it did, very few People would have been 
 
 left alive: But then fuch, I fay, was the merciful 
 
 Difpofition of God, that when it was thus the 
 
 Weftand North part which had been fo dreadfully vi- 
 
 fited at firft, grew as you fee, much better 5 andas the 
 
 People difappear’d here, they began to look abroad 
 
 again there; andthenext Week or two altered it ftill 
 
 more, that is, more to the Encouragement of the 
 other Part of the Town. For Example ; 
 
 From the rot of September to the 26"; 
 
 St. Giles’s Cripplegate 
 
 St. Giles in the Fields 
 
 Clarkenwell 
 
 St. Sepulchers ——_—__——_—_—_—_———._ 193 
 
 St. Leonard Shoreditch ———_ -—-—$_ _——$——_ 146 
 
 277 
 —— 119 
 
 — 76 
 ees 7 
 
 Stepney Parith ———-——--_____——. 616 
 Aldgate 
 
 —_—_____-_———-_ 496 
 W bite-Chapel ———.___ 346 
 In the 97 Parifhes within the Walls 1268 
 In the 8 Parithes on Southwark Side———_1390 
 4900 
 From 
 
281 MEMOIRS of 
 From the 26‘ of Septemb. tothe 34 of Ofober. 
 
 St. Giles’s Cripplegate _ 106 
 St. Giles in the Fields ————_—__ oF 
 Clarkenwell ——$_—_________., 48 
 St Sepulchers i a 137 
 St. Leonard Shoreditch ————— 128 
 Stepney Parith —————_______. 67 
 
 A ldga te — 372 
 WV hite-Cha pel —- 2 
 
 Inthe 97 Parifhes withinthe Walls 1149 
 
 In the8 Parifhes on Southwark Side —— 1201 
 
 4328 
 
 And now the Mifery of the City, and of the faid 
 Eaft and South Parts was complete indeed; for as 
 you fee the Weight of the Diftemper lay upon 
 thofe Parts, that is to fay, the City, the eight Pa- 
 
 ifhes over the River, with the Parithes of Aldgate, 
 White-Chapel, and Stepney, and this was the Time 
 that the Bills came up to fuch a monftrous Height, 
 as that I mention’d before; and that Fight or Nine, 
 and, as I believe, Ten or Twelve Thoufand a Week 
 died ; for ’tis my fettled Opinion, that they never 
 could come at any juft Account of the Numbers, 
 for the Reafons which I have given already. 
 
 Nay one of the moft eminent Phyficians, who 
 has fince publifh’d in Latin an Account of thofe 
 Times, and of his Obfervations, fays, that in one 
 Week there died twelve Thoufand People, and that 
 particularly there died four Thoufand in one Night; 
 tho’ I do not remember that there ever was any 
 fuch particular Night, fo remarkably fatal, as that 
 fuch a Number died in it: However all this con- 
 fms what I have faid above of the Uncertainty of 
 the Bills of Mortality, &. of which 1 fhall fay 
 
 ore hereafter. 
 more And 
 
ee 
 
 the PLAGUE. 219 
 
 And here let me take leave to enter again, tho’ 
 it may feem a Repetition of Circumftancés,into a De- 
 {cription of the miferable Condition of the City it 
 felf, and of thofe Parts where I liv’d at this parti- 
 cular Time : The City,and thofe other Parts,notwith- 
 ftanding the great Numbers of People that were gone 
 into the Country, was.vaftly full of People, and per- 
 haps the fuller, becaufe People had for a long time 
 a ftrong Belief, that the Plague would not come in- 
 to the City, nor into Southwark, no norinto Wap- 
 ping, or Ratcliff at all; nay fuch was thé Affurance 
 of the People on that Head, that many remov’d 
 from the Suburbs on the Weft and North Sides, in- 
 to thofe Eaftern and South Sides as for Safety, and 
 as I verily believe, carry’d, the Plague amongft 
 them there, perhaps fooner than they would other- 
 wife have had it. 
 
 Here alfo I ought to leave a farther Remark for 
 the ufe of Pofterity, concerning the Manner of 
 Peoples infe€ting one another; namely, that it was 
 not the fick People only, from whom the Plague was 
 immediately receiv’d by othersthat were found, but 
 THEWELL. 7o explain my felf ; by the fick Peo- 
 ple I mean thofe who were known to be fick, had 
 taken their Beds, had been under Cure, or had 
 Swellings and Tumours upon them, and the like; 
 thefe every Body could beware of, they were either 
 in their Beds, or infuch Condition as cou’d not be 
 conceal’d. 
 
 By the Weil, 1 mean fuch as had received the Cone 
 tagion, and had it really upon them, and in their 
 Blood, yet did not fhew the Confequences of it in 
 their Countenances, nay even were not fenfible of 
 it themfelves, as many were not for feveral Days: 
 Thefe breathed Death in every Place, and upon every 
 
 ody who came near them; nay their very Cloaths 
 retained the Infeétion, their Hands would infect the 
 
 hings they touch’d, efpecially if they were — 
 an 
 
220 MEMOIRS of 
 
 and fweaty, and they were generally apt to fweat 
 too. 
 
 Now it was impoffible to know thefe People, 
 nor did they fometimes, as I have faid, know them- 
 felves to be infeéted: Thefe were the People that 
 fo often dropt down and faintedin the Streets ; for 
 oftentimes they would go about the Streets to the 
 Jaft, till on a fudden they would {weat, grow faint, 
 fit down at a Door and die: It is true, finding 
 themfelves thus, they would ftruggle hard to get 
 Home to their own Doors, or at other Times would 
 be juft able to go in to their Houfes and dic inftant- 
 ly ; other,;Times they would go about till they hac the 
 very Tokens come out upon them, and yet not know 
 it, and would die in an Hour or two after they came 
 Home, but be well as long as they were Abroad: 
 Thefe were the dangerous People, thefe were the 
 People of whom the well People ought to have 
 been afraid; but then on the other fide it was impoflible 
 to know them. 
 
 And this is the Reafon why it is impoffible in a 
 Vifitation to prevent the {preading of the Plague 
 by the utmoft human Vigilance, (viz.) that it isim- 
 poflible to know the infeéted People from the founds 
 or that the infected People fhould perfeétly know 
 themfelves : I knew a Man who converfed freely in 
 London all the Seafon of the Plague in 166, and 
 kept about him an Antidote or Cordial, on put- 
 pole to take when he thought himfelf in any Dan- 
 ger, and he had fuch a Rule to know, or: have 
 warning of the Danger by, as indeed I never met 
 with before or fince, how far it may be depended 
 onl know not: He hada Wound in his Leg, and 
 whenever he came among any People that werenot 
 found, and the Infection began to affeét him, he 
 fuid he could know it by that Signal, (viz.) That his 
 Wound in his Leg would fmart, and look pale 
 and white ; fo as foon as ever he fele-it fmart, it 
 
 was 
 
SS 
 
 the PLAGUE. 125 
 was time for him to withdraw, or to take care of 
 
 himfelf, taking his Drink, which he always carried 
 about him for that Purpofe. Now it feemshe found 
 
 -his W ound would fmart many Times when he was in 
 
 Company with fuch, who thought themfelves to be 
 found, and who appear’d fo to one another; but he 
 would prefently rife up,and fay publickly,Friends,here 
 is fome Body in the Room that has the Plague, and 
 fo would immediately break up the Company. This 
 was indeed a faithful Monitor to all People, that the 
 Plague is not to be avoided by thofe that converfe pro- 
 mifcuoufly in a Town infected, and People have 
 it when they know it not, and that they likewife give 
 it to others when they know not that they have it 
 themfelves ; and in this Cafe, fhutting up the WELL 
 or removing the SICK will not do it, unlefs they 
 can go back and fhut up all thofe that the Sick had 
 Convers’d with, even before they knew themfelves 
 to be fick, and none knows how far to carry that 
 back, or where to ftop; for none knows when, or 
 where, or how they may have received the Infec- 
 tion, or from whom. 
 
 This I take to be the Reafon, which makes fo'many 
 People talk of the Air being corrupted and infected, 
 and that they need not be cautious of whom they 
 converfe with, for that the Contagion was in the 
 Air. I have feen them in {trange A gitations and Sur- 
 prifes on this Account, I have never come near any 
 infected Body! /ays the difturbed Perfon, 1 have Con- 
 vers’d with none, but found healthy People, and yet 
 I have gotten the Diftemper! I am fure I am 
 ftruck from Heaven, /ays another, and he falls to the 
 ferious Part; again the firft goes on exclaiming, I 
 have come near no Infeétion, or any infected Per- 
 fon, J am fure it is in the Air, We draw in Death 
 when we breath, and therefore tis the Hand of 
 God, there is no withftanding it ; and this at laft 
 
 made many People, being hardened to the Danger, 
 grow 
 
2122 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 grow lefs concern’d at it, and lels cautious towards 
 the latter End of the Time, and when it was 
 come fo its height, than they were at firft; 
 then with a kind of a Turkifh Predettinarianifm, they 
 would fay, if it pleas’d God to ftrike them, it was 
 all one whether they went Abroad or ftaidat Home, 
 they cou’d not efcape it, and therefore they went 
 boldiy about even into infeéted Houfes, and infetted 
 Company ; vifited fick People, and in fhort, lay in 
 the Beds with their Wives or Relations when they 
 were infected ; and what was the Confequence? But 
 the fame that is the Confequence in Turkey, and in 
 thofe Countries where they dothofe Things; name 
 ly, that they were infeéted too, and died by Hun- 
 dreds and Thoufands. 
 
 I would be far from leffening the Awe of the Judg- 
 
 ments of God, and the Reverence to his Providence, 
 which ought alwaystobeon our Minds on fuch Oc- 
 cafions as thefe; doubrlefs the Vifitation it {elf is 
 a Stroke from Heaven upon a City, or Country, or 
 Nation where it falls; 2 Meffenger of his Venge- 
 ance, and a loud Call to that Nation, or Country, 
 or City, to Humiliation and Repentance, according 
 to that of the Prophet Feremiah xviii. 7,8. At what 
 infiant I foall [peak concerning a Nation, and concern- 
 ing a Kingdom to pluck up, and to pull down, and de- 
 firey it: If that Nation againft whom I have pro 
 mounced, turn from their evil, I will repent of the 
 evil that Ithought to do unto them. Now to prompt due 
 Impreflions of the Awe of God onthe Mindsof Men 
 on fuch Occafions, and not toleffenthem it is that I 
 have left thofe Minutes upon Record. 
 
 I fay, therefore I reflect upon no Man for put- 
 ing the Reafon of thofe Things upon the immedi- 
 ate Hand of God, and the Appointment and Direc- 
 tion of his Providence; nay, on the contrary, there 
 were many wonderful Deliverances of Perfons from 
 Infeétion, and Deliyerances of Perfons when a 
 
 fectte 
 
 -- prs = = — & 
 
 = — = 
 
f 
 ; 
 
 j 
 J 
 : 
 
 Sy 
 the PLAGUE. 223 
 
 fected, which intimate fingular and remarkable Pro- 
 vidence, in the particular Inftances to which they 
 refer, and I efteem my own Deliverance to be one 
 next to miraculous, and dorecord it with Thank- 
 fulnefs. 
 
 But when I am {peaking of the Plague, as a Di- 
 ftemper arifing from natural Caufes, we muft con- 
 fider it as it was really propagated by natural Means, 
 hor is it atall thele{s a Judgment for its being un- 
 der the Conduét of humane Caufes and Effeéts; for 
 as the divine Power has form’d the whole Scheme of 
 Nature, and maintains Nature in its Courfe; fo the 
 fame Power thinks fit to let his own Aétings with 
 Men, whether of Mercy or Judgment, go on in 
 the ordinary Courfe of natural Caufes, and he is 
 pleafed to act by thofe natural Caufes as the ordina- 
 — 3 excepting and referving to himfelf never- 
 thelefs a Power to act in a fupernatural Way when 
 he fees occafion: Now ’tis evident, that in the Cafe 
 of an Infe&tion, there is no apparent extraordinary 
 occafion for fupernatural Operation, but the ordi- 
 i Courfe of Things appears fufficiently arm’d, 
 and made capable of all the Effeéts that Heaven 
 ufually direéts by a Contagion. Among thefe Cau- 
 fes and Effects this of the fecret Conveyance of In- 
 fetion imperceptible, and unavoidable, is more 
 than fufficient to execute the Fiercenefs of divine 
 Vengeance, without putting it upon Supernaturals 
 and Miracle. 
 
 The acute penetrating Nature of the Difeafe it 
 felf was fuch, and the Infeétion was receiv’d fo im- 
 perceptibly, that the moft exaét Caution could not 
 fecure us while in the Place ; But I mutt be allowed 
 to believe, and I have fo. many Examples frefh in 
 my Memory, to convince me of it, that I think 
 hone can refift their Evidence ; / fay, I mutft be al- 
 lowed to believe, that no one in this whole Nation 
 ever receiy’d the Sicknefs or Infection, but who “8 
 
 ceiv 
 
224 MEMOIR Sof 
 
 ceiy’d it in the ordinary Way of Infeétion from 
 fome Body, or the Cloaths, or touch, or ftench of 
 fome Body that was infected before. 
 
 The Manner of its coming firft to London, 
 proves this alfo, (viz.) by Goods brought over from 
 Holland, and brought thither from the Levapt; 
 the firft breaking of it out in a Houfe in Long-Aore, 
 where thofe Goods were carried, and firft opened; 
 its {preading from that Houfe to other Houtes, by 
 the vifible unwary converfing with thofe who were 
 fick, andthe infecting the Parith Officers who were 
 employed about the Perfons dead, and the like; thefe 
 are known Authorities for this great Foundation 
 Point, that it went on, and proceeded from Perfon 
 to Perfon, and from Houle to Houle, and no other- 
 wife: In the firft Houfe that was infeéted there 
 died four Perfons,a Neighbour hearing the Miftrefs 
 of the firft Houfe was fick, went to vifit her, and went 
 Home and gave the ee ei to her Family, and 
 died,. and all her Houfhold. A Minitter call’d to 
 pray with the firft fick Perfon in the fecond Houfe, 
 was faid to ficken immediately, and die with feve- 
 ral more in his Houfe:. Then the Phyficians began 
 to confider, for they did not at firft dream of a ge- 
 neral Contagion. But the Phyficians being {ent 
 to infpect the Bodies, they aflur’d the People 
 that it was neither more or leis than rhe Plague with 
 all its terrifying Particulars, and that it threatnedan 
 univerfal Infection, fo many Pcople haying already 
 convers’'d with the Sick or Diftemper’d, and hav- 
 ing, as might be fuppos’d, received Infection from 
 them, that it would be impoffible to put a ftop to 
 it 
 
 Here the Opinion of the Phyficians agreed with 
 my Obfcryation afterwards, namely, that the Dan- 
 ger was f{preading infenfibly ; for the Sick coud 
 infect none but thofe that came within reach of 
 the fick Perfon ; but that one Man, who may have 
 4 really 
 
ec lly rareix st the Ti. 
 
 really receiv d the In 
 4 3 1 
 
 goes Abroad, and 
 
 give the PI gue to at 
 
 greater Numbers in P; portion, and 3 
 
 fon giving the Infection, or 
 o oO 
 
 ; -rions receiving it, 
 know any thin 8 of it, and perhans not feel the E& 
 
 fetts of it for feveral Davs a ter. 
 
 For Example, Many Perfons in the 7 ime of this 
 Vifitation never perceiv’« {that they were infected, til] 
 they found to their unt peakable Surprize, the Tokens 
 come out upon them, after which they {eldom liy’d 
 fix Hours; tor thofe Spots they call’d the Tokens 
 were really ga ani sreen Spots, or mortified Flefh in 
 {mall Knobs as broad as a little filver Peny. and hard 
 
 asa piece of Callous or Horn: 
 Difeafe Was coine up to that le 
 
 At 
 
 sy when the 
 nere was no- 
 and yet as J 
 
 Infec- 
 
 thing could follow but certain 
 faid they knew 
 ted, nor found t! 
 tll fcheste mortal \ 
 Body att 2 th 
 
 ¢ 
 very Cloath 
 fore. 
 
 This occafion’d a vaft Variety of Cae sy which 
 Phyficians would have much more Opportunity to 
 remember then | ; but fome came within the Com- 
 pafs of my Obf 
 
 tion, or hearing, of which I 
 
 thal) cw. 
 Citizen who had liv’d and un- 
 ill a Month of September, when the 
 
 the Diftemper lay more in the. City 
 
 ione wee was mighty chearful, and 
 foes hin 2 too bold, as I think it was, i 
 
 Sos 
 
 aN 
 
for we f 
 ; PPpeare ‘Hes GHE Ge 
 
 ae» is trues fays t the fir Ma bee for he 
 was not a Man preiumptuoul ly fect tty but had ef- 
 cap’d a long while and Men, as I faid above, efpe- 
 e City, began to be over-cafie upon that 
 
 cially in th 
 Score. : That is true, fays he, I do not think my 
 felf fecure, but I have not been in Compan 
 with any Pe erfon thi € 
 No! Says his } Neighb our, 
 head Tavern i 
 
 Gr: acech ut ch S : 
 Y ES, 
 
 on which his Nei pe Bee id 
 g to furprize him; but this 
 
 inquifit ves and. as his Neighbour 
 appear ‘de backward, he was the more impatient, 
 ul a kind of Warmth, {ays he aloud, why be is 
 #3 is be! upon which his Neigh bour full 
 was filent, but caft up his Eyes, and faid fomething 
 to himfelf ; at which the firft Citi izen turned pale, 
 and faid no more but this, then I ama dead Man 
 too, and went Home immediately, and fent for 4 
 n bouring Apothecary to give him fone ing 
 preventive, tor he had not yet found himf felf ils 
 but the Apotheesry opening his Breaft, fetch’d a 
 Sigh, and faid no more, but this, /ook up to God ; and 
 the Man died in a few Hours. 
 
 Now let any Man judge from a Cafe like this, 
 if it is poffible for the Regulationsof Magiftrates, 
 either by fhuting up the Sick, or removi ing them, to 
 ftop an ‘Infe&ti on, which: fpreads it felf from Manto 
 Man, even while they are perfect ly well, and in- 
 fenfible of its Approach, and may be fo for many 
 Days. 
 
 It may be proper to afk here, how long it may 
 be fuppofed » Men might have the Seeds of the Con- 
 tagion 
 
the PLAGUE. 227 
 
 tagion in them, before it difcover’d it {elf | 1 this fa- 
 tal Manner ; and how long they might go about 
 feemingly whole, and yet be contagious toall thofe 
 that came near them ? I believe the moft experienc’d 
 Phyficians cannot an(wer this Queftion dire@tly, any 
 more than I can; and fomething an ordinary Ob- 
 ferver may take notice of,which may pafs their Ob- 
 fervation. The opinion of Phyficians Abroad feems 
 to be, that it may lye Dormant in the Spirits, or 
 inthe Blood Veflels, a very confiderable Time; 
 why elfe do they exact a Quarentine of thofe who 
 come into their Harbours, and Ports, from fulpec- 
 ted Places? Forty Days is, one would think, too 
 long for Nature to ftruggle with fuch an Enemy as 
 this, and not conquer it, or yield to it: But I could 
 not think by my own Obferyation that they can be 
 infected fo, as to be contagious to others, above 
 fifteen or fixteen Days at tartheft; and on that 
 {core it was, that when a Houfe was fhut up in the 
 City, and any one had died of the Piague, but no 
 Body appear’d to be ill in the Family for fixteen or 
 eighteen Days after, they were not {o firiét, bur 
 that they would connive at their going privately 
 Abroad; nor would People be much afraid of them 
 afterward, but rather think they were fortified the 
 better, having not been vulnerable when the Ene- 
 my was in their own Houfe; but we fometimes 
 found it had lyen much longer conceal’d. : 
 Upon the foot of ail thefe Obfervations, I muft fay, 
 that tho’ Providence feem’d to direé& my Conduét 
 to be otherwife ; yet it is my opinion, and I muit 
 leave it asa Prefcription, (viz.) chat the beft Phyfick 
 again the Plague is to run away from it. I know 
 People encourage themfelves, by faying, God is 
 able to keep us in the midtt of Danger, and able 
 to overtake us when we think our ielves out of 
 Danger; and this kept Thoufands in the Town, 
 whole Carcaffes went into the great Pits by Cart 
 
 Q 2 Loads ; 
 
 Set 8 aS, == 
 
 ¥e 
 : 
 is 
 
 ie 
 a 
 
{o elicetualy cyacuated, 
 
 f } Ge ct. eer they 
 ernment of this C1 if ever they 
 A +, ! re ‘ {, 
 ~ i i if > Vi 
 ) y 1hould mign - 
 th " of 
 if LE OT ULLIC il 
 . | wean icon ast 0 
 Li oes nea 1C 
 ime * v 
 Mass & 
 uc ¢ 
 1° ae : : 
 eye then pru lV. 
 1/ | r¢ x 
 ili Or, aha CV 
 GS OF Miciy , alld ) 
 > ~ 
 a 2 L Cree a 
 Haren, tit City, an 
 
the v ARTI 
 tee PLAGUE 229 
 
 would not be above a tenth Part of its People lef; 
 together, for the Difeafe to take hold upon; B 
 fuppofe them to be a fifth Part. an 
 
 dred and fifty | 
 
 did feize upon t] 
 much at lar 
 themfelves 
 to the Ef 
 People 5 liv eC 
 fach as Di: £ 
 
 Thoufand 
 
 em ‘with them into 
 : y went, and infeéted thofe 
 Ww hom they \ went amc or Safety ; which confound- 
 ed the Thi: Ig, that be a Propagation of 
 the Diftemper, which was the beft means to pre- 
 vent it; and this too isan Evidence of it, and brings 
 me back to what I only hint ~ at before, but muit 
 fpeak more fully to here ; namely, that Men went 
 about appacce ty well, many Days after they had 
 the taint of the iH feat e in their wtals, and 
 their Spirits were fo feiz’d, as that they could never 
 efcape it ; and that ri the while they did fo, they 
 were dangerous to others. { fay, this proves, that 
 fo it was for fuch People infeéted the $e Towns 
 they went thro’, as well as the Families tl ney went 
 among, and it was by that means, that almoft all 
 the great Towns in England had:-the Diftemper 
 among them, more or lefs5 ; and always they would 
 tell you fuch a Londoner or {uch a Londoner ‘brought 
 it down. 
 
 {t muft not be omitted, that when i — of 
 thofe People who were really thus dangerous, I fup- 
 pofe chem to be utte erly i ign >rant of their own Con- 
 dition; for if they really knew cheirCircumftances to be 
 fach as indeed they were, eey tout nave beena kind of 
 
 3 willful 
 os 
 
 the Countries heh 
 
willful Murtherers, if they would have gone Abroad 
 among healthy Peopie, and it would have verified 
 leed Suggeftion which I mentian’d above, and 
 bourht jeem’d untrue, (viz.) That the infected 
 
 le were utterly carelels as to giving the Infec- 
 tion to others, and rather forward to do it than not; 
 and I believe it was partly from this very Thing 
 that they raifed that Suggeftion, which I hope 
 was not really true in Faét. 
 
 I confefs no particular Cafe is fufficient to prove 
 a general, but I cow’d name feveral People within 
 the Knowledge of fome of their Neighbours and 
 Families yet living, who fhew’d the contrary to an 
 extream. One Man, a Mafter of a Family in my 
 Neighbourhood, having had the Diftemper, he 
 thought he had it given him by a poor Workman 
 whom he employ’d, and whom he wentto his Houfe 
 to fee, or went for fome Work that he w inted to 
 have finifhed, and he had fome Apprehenfions even 
 while he was at the poor Workman’s Door, but 
 did not difcover it fully, but the next Day it (- 
 covered it felf, and he was taken very ill; upon 
 which he immediately caufed himfelf to be 
 carried into an out Building which he had in 
 his Yard, and where there was a Chamber over 
 + Work-houfe, the Man being a Brazier; here 
 he lay, and here he died, and would be tended 
 by none of his Neighbours, but by a Nurfe from 
 Abroad, and would not fuffer his Wifc, or Chil- 
 dren, or Servants, to come up into the Room left 
 they fhould be infeéted, but fent them his Blefling 
 and Prayers for them by the Nurfe, who {poke it 
 to them at a Diftance, and all this for fear of giv- 
 ing them the Diftemper, and without which, - he 
 knew as they were kept up, they could not have 
 it. 
 
 And here I muft obferve alfo, that the Plague, as 
 { fuppofe all Diitempers do, operated in a different 
 Man- 
 
 1 
 dil~ 
 
the PLAGUE, 231 
 
 Manner, on differing Conftitutions; fome were im- 
 mediately overwhelm’d with it, and it came to vio- 
 lent Fevers, Vomitings, unfufferable Head-achs, 
 Pains in the Back, and {o up to Ravings and Rag- 
 ings with thofe Pains: Others with Swellings and 
 Tumours in the Neck or Groyn, or Arm-pits, 
 which till they could be broke, put them into in- 
 fufferable Agonies and ‘Torment; while others, as I 
 have obferv’d, were filently infeéted, the Fever 
 preying upon their Spirits infenfibly, and they fee- 
 ing little of it, till they fell into {Wwooning, and 
 faintings, and Death without pain. 
 
 {am not Phyfician enough to enter into the par- 
 ticular Reafonsand Manner of thefe differing Effects 
 of one and the fame Diftemper, and_of its differ- 
 ing Operation in feveral Bodies; nor is it my Bufi- 
 nels here to record the Obfervations, which I really 
 made, becaufe the Doétors themfelyes, have done 
 that part much more effectually than I can do, and 
 becaufe my opinion may in fome things differ from 
 theirs: Iam only relating what I know, or have 
 heard,or believe of the particular Cafes,and what fell 
 within the Compafs of my View, and the different 
 Nature of the Infeétion, as it appearedin the parti~ 
 cular Cafes which I have related; but this may be 
 added too, that tho’ the former Sort of thofe Ca- 
 fes, namely thofe openly vifited, were the wortt 
 for themfelves as to Pain, I mean thofe that had 
 fuch Fevers, Vomitings, Head-achs, Pains and 
 Swellings, becaufe they died in fuch a dreadful Man- 
 ner, yet the latter had the worft Srate of the Dif 
 eae ; for in the former they frequently recover’d, 
 efpecially if the Swellings broke, but the latter 
 was inevitable Death ; no cure, no help cou’d be 
 poflible, nothing could follow but Death; and it 
 was worfe alfo to others, becaufe as, above, it fecret- 
 ly, and unperceiv’d by others, or by themfelves, 
 communicated Death to thofe they convers’d — 
 
 Q4 the 
 
 aN 
 
= ss 
 232 Memoirs of 
 
 the penetrating Poifon infinuating it felf into their 
 Blood in a Manner, which it is impoftib ble to de- 
 fcribe, or indeed conccive. 
 
 This infecting and being infeéted, without fo 
 much as its being known to either Perfon, is evi- 
 dent from two Sorts of Cafes, which frequently 
 ha sa sd at that Time ; and there is hardly any 
 Body -living who was in Loudon during the Infec- 
 tion, but muft have known feveral of the Cafes of 
 both Sorts. 
 
 1. Fathers and Mothers have gone about as 
 if they had been well, and have believ’d them- 
 felves to be fo, till they have infenfibly infected, 
 and been the Deftruétion of their whole Families: 
 Which they would have been far from doing, 
 if they h ad the leaft Apprehenfions of their be- 
 ing,unfoun d and dangerous themfelves. A Family, 
 hole Story [have heard d, was thus infeéted by the 
 Father, ea the Diftemper be gan to appear upon 
 fome of them, even before he tound it upon him- 
 felf; but fearching more narrowly, it appear’d he 
 had. been infected fome Time, and as foon as he 
 found that his Family had been poifon’d by himfelf, 
 he went diftraéted, and would have laid violent 
 Hands upon himfelf, but was kept from that by 
 thofe who look’d to him, and in a few Days 
 died. 
 
 2. The other Particular is, that many People hav- 
 ing been well tothe beft of their ownJudgment, or by 
 the beft Obfervation which they could make of 
 themfelves for feveral Days, and only finding a De- 
 cay of Appetite, or a light Sicknefs upon their Sto- 
 machs; n nay, fome whole Appetite has been ftrong, 
 and even. craving, and only a light Pain in their 
 Heads; have feat for Phy ficians s to know what 
 ail’d them, and have been found to their great Sur- 
 prize, at the brink of Death, the Tokens upon 
 them,or the Plague grown up toan incurableHeight. 
 
 It 
 
toe PL AGU E. — 
 
 ft was very fad to re flec&t, how fuch a Perfon 
 this lat mentioned abor 2, had been: a walking Deftroy- 
 er, perhaps for a Ww eek 0: ‘ Fortnight betore that; 
 how he had rui 
 
 c that he would hay fuse i 
 ded his Life to fave, and had beenb reathi ing Death up- 
 on them, even pert fis 4 ; in his tender Kifling and 
 Embracingsof his own Children: Yet thus certain- 
 ly it was, and often has been, andI cou’d give 
 
 rticular Cafes where. ithas been fo; if then 
 ris thus infenfib] y { c 
 
 n; if the Arrow 
 °n, aad cannot be dite, yvered; to what 
 purpofe are all the Schemes for thutting up or re-~ 
 moving the fick People? thofe Schemes cannot take 
 
 place, but upon thofe that a “to be fick, or to 
 be infected 5 whe 
 
 e are among them, atthe 
 fame time, Tho People, who feem to be 
 well, but are all that while carrying Death with 
 them into all Companies which they come into. 
 ently puzzled our Phyficians, and efpe- 
 Apothecaries and Surgeons, who knew 
 not how to difcover the Sick from the Sound ; they 
 all allow'd that it was really fo, that many People 
 had the Pla: in their very Blood, and preying up- 
 on their Spirits, and were in themfelves but w alking 
 putrified Carcafles, whofe Breath was infe eétious, 
 and their Sweat Poifon; and yet were as well to 
 look on as other Pe ple, "and even knew it not them- 
 elves: I fay, they ail allowed that it was really true 
 in Fa, but t} 1ey > knew not how to propote a Dif- 
 covery. 
 
 My Friend Doétor Heath was of Opinion, that 
 it might be known by the {mell of their Breaths 
 but then, as he faid, who durft Smell to that Breath 
 for his Tk rmation ? Since to know it, he mutt 
 draw the Stench of the Plague up into his own 
 Brain, in order to diftinguifh the Smell! T have 
 heard, it was the opmions of others, that it might be 
 difting guith’d by the Party’s breathing upon a piece of 
 
 Glass, 
 
 S 
 ~ 
 ete hae. 
 ct 
 oO 
 
 aw 
 
2A MEMOIRS of 
 
 Glafs, where the Breath condenfing, there might 
 living Creatures be icen by a Microfcope of {trange 
 moniirous and frightful Shapes, fuch as Dragons, 
 Snakes, Serpents, and Devils, horrible to behold: 
 this I very much queftion the Truth of, and 
 nad no Microfcopes at that Time, as I remem- 
 mxperiment with 
 
 > the opinion alfo of another learned Man, 
 that the Breath of fuch a Perfon would poifon, and 
 inftantly kill a Bird; not only a {mall Bird, but even 
 a Cock or Hen, and that if it did not immediately 
 kill the latter, it would caufe them to be roupy 4s 
 they call it, particularly that if they had laid any. 
 Eggs at that Time, they would be all rotten: But 
 thofe arc Opinions which I never found {upported 
 by any Experiments, or heard of others that had 
 feen it; fo I leave them as I find them, only with 
 this Remark , namely, that I think the Probabili- 
 ties are very {trong for them. 
 
 Some have propofed that fuch Perfons fhould 
 breath hard upon warm Water, and that they would 
 leave an unulual Scum upon it, or upon feveral 
 other things, efpecially fuch as are of a glutinous 
 Subftance and are apt to receive a Scum ‘and fupport it. 
 
 But from the whole I found, that the Nature of this 
 Contagion was fuch, that it was impoflible to difcover 
 itat all, or to preventits {preading from one to ano- 
 ther by any human Skill. 
 
 Here was indeed one Difficulty, which I couldne- 
 ver throughly get over to this time, and which there 
 is but one way of anfwering that I know of, anditis 
 this, viz. The firft Perfon that died of the Plague 
 was in Decemb. 20%, or thereabouts 1664, and in, 
 or about Long-acre, whence the firft Perfon had the 
 Infection, was generally faid to be, from aParcel of Silks 
 imported from Hollaxd, and firit opened in thatHoufe. 
 
 But after this we heard no more of any Perfon dying 
 of the Plague, or of the Diftemper being ia that 
 
 Place 
 
eu, 
 the PLAGUE. 35 
 
 Place, till the 9° of February; which was about 7 
 Weeks after, and then one more was buried out of 
 the fame Houfe: Then it was hufh’d, and we were 
 
 perfectly eafy as to the publick, for a great while ; 
 
 for there were no more entred in the Weekly Bill 
 to be dead of the Plague, till the 224 of April, when 
 there was 2 more buried not out of the fame Honfe, 
 but out of the fame Street ; and as near as I canre- 
 member, it was out of the next Houfe to the firft: 
 this was nine Weeks afunder, and after this we had 
 No moretill a Fortnight, and then it broke out in 
 feveral Streets and fpread every way. Now the 
 Queftion feems to lye thus, where lay the Seeds of 
 the Iufettion all this while? How came it to flop fa 
 loug, and not fiop any longer ? Either the Di- 
 {temper did not come immediately by Contagion 
 from Body to Body, or if it did, then a Body ma 
 be capable to continue infeéted, without the Difeate 
 difcovering itfelf, many Days, nay Weeks together, 
 even not a Quarentine of Days only, but Soixan- 
 tine, not only 40 Days but 60 Days or longer. 
 
 It’s true, there was, as I obferved at firft, and is well 
 Known tomany yet living, avery cold Winter, anda 
 long Froft, which continued three Months, and this, 
 the Doctors fay, might check the Infection ; but then 
 the learned muft allow me to fay, that if according 
 totheir Notion, the Difeafe was, as I may fay, on- 
 ly frozen up, it would like a frozen River, have 
 returned to its ufual Force and Current when it 
 thaw’d, whereas the principal Recefs of this Infeétion, 
 which was from February to April, was after the 
 Froft was broken, andthe Weather mildand warm. 
 
 But there is another way of folving all this Difh- 
 culty, which I think my own Remembrance of the 
 thing will fupply ; and that is, the Factis not granted, 
 namely, that there died none in thofe long Inter- 
 vals, viz. from the 20% of December to the of of 
 February, and from thence to the 224 of April. 
 
 The 
 “ay 
 
236 MEMOIRS of 
 
 The Weekly Bills are the only Evidence on the other 
 fide, and thofe Bills were notof Credit enough, at 
 leaft with me, to fupport an Aypothe/is, or determine 
 a Queftion of fuch Importance as this: For it was 
 our receiv’d Opinion at that time, and I believeupon 
 very good Grounds, that the Fraud lay in the Parith 
 Officers, Searchers, and Perfons appointed to give 
 Account of the Dead, and what Dileafes they died 
 of : And as People were very loth at firft to have 
 the Neighbours believe their Houfes were infetted, 
 fo they gave Money to procure, or otherwile pro- 
 cur’d the dead Perfons to be return’d as dying’ of 
 other Diftempers ; and this I know was praé 
 afterwards in many Places, I believe 1 might fay in 
 all Places, where the Diftemper came, as will be 
 feen by the vaft Encreafe of the Numbers plac’din 
 the Weckly Bills under other Articles of Difeafes, 
 during the time of the Infeétion: For Example, in 
 the Month of aly and 4ugu/?, when the Plague was 
 coming on toitshigheft Pitch; it was very ordinary 
 to have from a thoufand to twelve hundred, nay to 
 almoft fifteen Hundred a Week of other Diftem- 
 pers; not that the Numbers of thofe Diftempers 
 were really encreafed to fuch a Degree: But the 
 great Number of Families and Houfes where really 
 the Infection was, obtain’d the Favourto have their 
 dead be return’d of other Diftempers to prevent the 
 fhutting’up their Houfes, For Example, 
 
 | 
 » ¢ 
 
 Dead of other Difeafes befides the Plague. 
 
 From the 18th to the 2gth Fu/y —— 942 
 to the rft 4uguj} —— 1004 
 
 to the 8th — 1213 
 to the rth 1439 
 ; to the 22d — 1331 
 ; to the 20th — 1394 
 
 to 
 
thee PLAGUE. 37 
 
 to the sth September — 1264 
 
 to the 12th — 1056 
 to the roth 1132 
 to the 26th — 927 
 
 Now it was not doubted, but the greateft part 
 of thefe, or a great part of them, were dead of the 
 Plague, but the Officers were prevail’d with to return 
 themas above, and the Numbers of fome particular 
 Articles of Diftempers difcover’d is, as follows ; 
 
 From the 1ft to the 8th of dug. tothe rsth. tothe 22. tothe29. 
 Fever 314-33 348383 
 
 Spotted Fever 174. 190 166165" 
 Surfeit 85 87 74 99 
 
 Teeth 90 113 III 133 
 
 ee 
 
 663 743 699 780 
 
 From Auguft 29thtothe sth Sept. tothe 12. tothe rg. tothe 26. 
 Fever 364 332 309 268 
 
 Spotted Fever 157 97 101 6F 
 Surfeit 68 4f 49 36 
 Teeth 138 128 21 112 
 
 —_— 
 
 728 602 s8o 481 
 
 There were feveral other Articles which. bare a 
 Proportion to thefe,and which it is eafy to perceive, 
 Were increafed on the fame Account, as ged, Con- 
 fumptions, Vomitings, Impoflbumes, Gripes, and the 
 like, many of which were not doubted to be infec- 
 ted People; but asit was of the utmoft Confequence 
 to Families not to be known to be infected, if it was 
 poflible to avoid it, fo they took all the meafures 
 they could to have it not believ’d; and if any died 
 in their Houfes to get them return’d to the Exami- 
 
 ners 
 
 a 
 
238 MEMOIRS of 
 
 ners, and by the Searchers, as having died of other 
 Diftempers. 
 
 This, 1 fay, will account for the long Interval, 
 which, as Lhave faid, was between the dying of the 
 firft Perfons that were returend in the Bill to be 
 dead of the Plague, and thetime when the Diftém- 
 per fpread openly, and could not be conceal’d. 
 Betides, the: Weekly Bills themfelves at that time 
 evidently difcover this Truth ; for while there was 
 no Mention of the Plague, and no Increafe, after it 
 had been mentioned, yet it was apparent, that there 
 was an Enereafe of thofe Diftempers which bor- 
 dered neareft uponit, for Example there were Eight, 
 Twelve, Seventeen of the Spotted Fever ina Week, 
 when there werenone, or but very few of the Plague; 
 whereas before One, Three, or Four, were the ordi- 
 nary: Weekly Numbers of that Dittemper ; likewife, 
 as | obferved before, the Burials increafed Weekly 
 in that particular Parifh, and the Parithes adjacent, 
 more than in any other Parifh, altho’ there were none 
 fet downot the Plague; all which tells us, that the 
 Infection was handed on, and the Succefiion of the 
 Dittemper really preferv’d, tho’ it feem’d to us at 
 that time to be ceafed, and to comeagain in aman 
 ner furprifing. 
 
 It might be alfa, thatthe Infection might remain 
 in other parts of the fame Parcel of Goods which at 
 firit it came in, and which might not be perhaps 
 opened, or at leaft not fully, or in the Cloths ofthe 
 firft infeéted Perfon; for I cannot think, that any 
 Body could be feiz’d with the Contagion in a fatal 
 and mortal Degree for nine Weeks together, and 
 fupport his State of Health fo well, as even not to 
 difcover it to themfelves ; yet ifit were fo, the Ar- 
 gument is the ftronger in Favour of what I am fay- 
 ing; namely, that the Infe&ion is retain’d in Bodies 
 apparently well,and convey’d from them to thofe they 
 
 con- 
 
 i 
 + 
 
the PEA:G § E. 239 
 
 converfe with, while it is known toneither the one 
 nor the other. 
 
 Great were the Confufions at that time upon this 
 very Account; and when People began to be con- 
 vine’d that the Infeétion was receiv’d in this fur- 
 pnifing manner from Perfons apparently well, they 
 began to be exceeding fhie and jealous of every one 
 that camencar them. Once in a publick Day, whe- 
 thera Sabbath Day or not I do not remember, in 
 Aldgate Church in a Pew full of People, on a fud- 
 en, one fancy’d fhe fmelt an ill Smell, immediately 
 fhe fancies the Plague was in the Pew, whifpers her 
 Notion or Sufpicion to the next, then rifes and 
 goes out of the Pew, it immediately took with the 
 next, and fo tothem all; and every one of them, and 
 of the two or three adjoining Pews, got up and 
 Went out of the Church, no Body knowing what 
 it was offended them or from whom. 
 
 This immediately filled every Bodies Mouths with 
 one Preparation or other, fuch as the old Women 
 directed, and fome perhaps as Phyficians direéted, in 
 order to prevent Infection by the Breath of others; 
 infomuch that if we came to go into a Church, 
 when it was any thing full of People, there would 
 be fuch a Mixture of Smells at the Entrance, that it 
 Was much more ftrong, tho’ perhaps not fo whole- 
 fome, than if you were going into an Apothecary’s 
 or Druggift’s Shop; in a Word, the whole Church 
 was like a {melling Bottle, in one Corner it was all 
 Perfumes, in another Aromaticks, Balfamicks, and 
 Variety of Drugs, and Herbs; in another Salts and 
 Spirits, as every. one was furnifh’d for their own 
 Prefervation ; yet I obferv’d, that after People were 
 poflefs'd, as L have faid, with the Belief or rather 
 Affurance, of the Infeétion being thus carryed on by 
 Perfons apparently in Health, the Churches and 
 
 Mecting-Houfes were much thinner of People than 
 at 
 
 “3 
 
 =a 
 
 oe 
 
 = 
 
 ig 
 
fo pe 
 ar ) 
 q if} A 
 ings were never wholly fhut up, nor did’the 
 
 coming out to the public Worthip 5! 
 1, except only infome Parifhes when the Vi 
 
 the Wiltemper was more parti Icu larly int Mes 
 it that time; and even thenno longer, than 
 ntinued to be fo. 
 
 3 } 1 rae mare {tran har 
 
 Indeed nothing was more ftrange, than to fee 
 
 sy 7 . 1 r 7 y : mp 
 with what Courage the People went to the public tm 
 Service of God, even att i 
 
 that time when t they were 
 n Houfes upon any other ~ 3 
 Occ afion 5 this I mean before i : Defies It 
 
 his was a 
 
 airaid to itir out of their « 
 
 2 ‘ } 
 tion, which I have mention’d alre 
 
 5 
 ° 
 = 
 = 
 r 
 
 the time of the Infeétion, notwithftandin 
 
 Numbers that were gone into the C sunt 
 ce cio oh Ripe s AG 2 Te 
 amrit A and that fled out into the 
 
 they weve farther terrifyed with the 
 
 Increafe of it. For when we cameto ‘th 
 s and Throngs of People, which ap- ty, 
 > Sabbath Days at the Churches, aad 
 in thofe parts of the ’ l 
 
 s abated, or where it 
 
 to ifs ricigot, 1t was amazing 
 ‘ oO 
 
 Speak. again prefentiy ; I retarn 
 to the Article of infeéings o1 
 beiore People came to ri: 
 
 a: ie as 
 tion, and sof -inf ting 
 CLionl, 1G r CCE g 
 
 ni butte ab hints ok 1 fa] n 
 only inye o7 thoie that rficksa Man with 
 a 2 . i. . LI ary ~?1* 2 ab | f 1 - . 
 a Cap upon his Head, or wit loths round his Neck, 
 whica was toe Cafe of thofe tL "avell i 
 
 fuch was indeed frightful: But wher n we fay vaGentle- ti 
 man dre{s’d, Zip. h his Band onand 1s Gloves in a ny 
 Hand, his Hat upon his Head, ancy his Hair comb’d, 
 of “fach we had not the leaft Apprehenfions ; and 
 
 Pec yple 
 
oe 
 the PLAGUE. 241 
 
 People cofverfe a great while freely, e/pecially with 
 their Neighbours and fuch as they knew. But when 
 the Phyficians affured us, that the Danger was as 
 well from the Sound, that is rhe feemingly found, as the 
 Sick; and that thofe People, who thought themfelves 
 entirely free, were oftentimes the moft fatal; and that 
 itcame tobe generally underftood, that People were 
 fenfible of it, and of the reafon of it: Then I fay 
 they began to be jealous of every Body, and a vait 
 Number of People lock’d themfelves up, fo as not 
 to come abroad into any Company at all, nor fuf- 
 fer any, that had been abroad in promifcuous Com- 
 pany, to come into their Houfes, or near them; at 
 leaft not fo near them, as to be within the Reach of 
 their Breath, or of any Smell fromthem; and when 
 they were oblig’d to converfe ata Diftance with 
 Strangers, they would always have Prefervatives in 
 their Mouths, and about their Cloths to répell and 
 keep off the Infeétion. 
 
 It muft be acknowledg’d, that when People began 
 toufe thefe Cautions, they were lefs expofed to 
 Danger, and the Infeétion did not break into fuch 
 Houfes fo furioufly as it did into others before, 
 and thoufands of Families were preferved, /peaking 
 with due Referve to the Direttion of Divine Provi- 
 dence, by that Means. 
 
 But it was impoflible to beat any thing into the 
 Heads of the Poor, they went on with the ufual Im- 
 petuofity of their Tempers full of Outcries and 
 Lamentations when taken, but madly carelefs’ of 
 themfelyes, Fool-hardy and obftinate, while they 
 were well: Wherethey could get Employment they 
 puth’d into any kind of Bufinefs, the moft dangerous 
 and the moft liable to Infeétion; and if they were 
 fpoken to, their Anfwer would be, 7 mu/ truft to 
 God for that ; if I am taken, then Tam provided for, 
 and there isan End of me,andthe like: Or Tavs, 
 Why, What muft I do < can't flarve, “I had as 
 
 good 
 
 = 
 
. mee . ’ 
 
 A 
 242 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 good have the Plague as perifh for want. I hare ug Wo 
 Work, what could I do ? I mujt do this or beg: Supe ie 
 pofe it was burying the dead, or attending the Sick, by 
 or watching infected Houfes, which were all ter- yp 
 rible Hazards, but their Tale wasgenerallythe fame. gi 
 It is true Neceflity was a very juftifiable warran- yy 
 table Plea, and aothing could be better ; but their bat 
 way of Talk was much the fame, where the Necef- jj 
 fities were not the fame: This adventurous Cone gy 
 duét of the Poor was that which brought the rage rr 
 this 
 
 among them in a moft furious manner, and 
 
 join’d to the Diftrefs of their Circumftances, when jy 
 taken, was the reafon why they died fo by Heaps; ly 
 for I cannot fay, I could obferye one jot of better Ll 
 Hufbandry among them, I meanthe labouringPoor, yy 
 
 while they were well and getting Money, than 
 there was before, but as lavifh, as extravagant, and ay 
 as thoughtlefs for to Morrow as ever; fo that when 
 they came to be taken fick, they were immediate: 
 iy in the utmoft Diftrefs as well for want, as for yy 
 Sicknefs, as well for lack of Food, as lack of 
 Health. 
 
 This Mifery of the Poor I had many Occafions le 
 to be an Eye-witnefs of, and fometimes alfo of the 
 charitable Affiftance that fome pious People daily — ,p, 
 gave to fuch, fending them Relief and Supplies  , 
 both of Food, Phyfick and other Help, as they found 
 they wanted; and indeed itis a Debt of Juftice due 
 to the Temper of the People of that Day to take ., 
 Notice here, that not only great Sums, very great, 
 Sums of Money were charitably fent to the Lord 
 Mayor and Aldermen for the Affiftance and Sup- 
 port of the poor diftemper’d People ; but abundance 
 of private People daily diftributed large Sums of 
 Money for their Relief, and fent People about to 
 enquireinto the Condition of particular diftrefled and Ne 
 vittted Families, and relieved them; nay fome pious 
 Ladies were fo tranfported with Zeal in fo gooda “4 
 
 Work, 
 
the PLAGUE. 243 
 
 Work, and fo confident in the Proteétion of Pro- 
 vidence in Difcharge of the great Daty of Charity, 
 that they went about in perfon diftributing Alms to 
 the Poor, and eyen vifiting poor Families, tho’ fick 
 and infected in their yery Houtes, appointing Nurfes 
 to attend thofe that wanted attending, and ordering 
 Apothecaries and Surgeons, the farft to fupply them 
 with Drugs or Plaifters, and fuch things as they 
 wanted; and the laft to lance and drefg the Swel- 
 lings and ‘Tumours, where fuch were wanting; giy- 
 ing their Blefling to the Poor in fubftantial Relief 
 to them, as well as hearty Prayers for them. 
 
 I will not undertake to fay, as fomedo, that none 
 of thefe charitable People were fuffered to fall under 
 the Calamity irfelf ; but this I may fay, that I ne- 
 yer knew any one of them that mifcarried, which 
 I mention for the Encouragement of others in cafe 
 of the like Diftrefs; and doubtlefs, #f they that give 
 40 the Poor, lend to the Lord, and be wil] repay them ; 
 thofe that hazard their Lives to give to the Poor, 
 and to comfort and aflift the Poor in fuch a Mifery 
 as this, may hope to be prateéted in the Work. 
 
 Nor was this Charity fo extraordinary eminent on- 
 ly in a few ; but, (for I cannot lightly qyit this Point) 
 the Charity of the rich as well in the City and Sub- 
 urbs as from the Country, was fo great, that in a 
 Word, a prodigious Number of People, who mutt 
 otherwife inevitably have perifhed for want as well 
 as Sicknefs, were fupported and fubfifted by it; and 
 tho’ I could never, nor I believe any one elfe come 
 
 _ to a full Knowledge of what was fo contributed, 
 
 yet I do believe, that as 1 heard one fay, that -was 
 @ critical Obferver of that Part, there was mot on- 
 ly many Thoufand Pounds contributed, but many 
 hundred thoufand Pounds, to the Relief of the P oor 
 of this diftreffed affli&tedCity ; nay one Man afiirm’d to 
 
 me that he could reckon up above.one hundred thou- 
 R 2 fand 
 
 of 
 
’ 
 
 At 
 
 244 MEMOLRS Of 
 
 fand Pounds a Week, which was diftributed by the 
 Church Wardens at the feveral Parith Veftries, 
 by the Lord Mayor andthe Aldermen in the feveral 
 Wards and Precinéts, and by the particular Direétion 
 ofthe Court and of the Juftices refpectively in the parts 
 where they refided ; over and above the private Cha- 
 rity diftributed by pious Hands inthe manner I fpeak 
 of, and this continued for many Weeks together. 
 
 I confefs this is a very great Sum; but if it be 
 true, that there was diftributed in the Parifh of 
 Cripplegate only 17800 Pounds in one Week tothe 
 Relief of the Poor, as I heard reported, and which 
 I really believe was true, the other may not be im- 
 probable. 
 
 It was doubtlefs to be reckon’d among the marly 
 fignal good Providences which attended this great 
 City, and of which there were many other worth re- 
 cording; \ fay, this was a very remarkable one, 
 that it pleafed God thus to move the Hearts of the 
 People in all parts of the Kingdom, fo chearfully to 
 contribute to the Relief and Support of the poor 
 at London ; the good Confequences of which were 
 felt many ways, and particularly in preferving the 
 Lives and recovering the Health of fo many thou- 
 fands, and keeping fo many Thoufands of Families 
 from perifhing and ftarving. 
 
 And tiow I am talking of the merciful Difpofition 
 of Providence in this time of Calamity, I cannot 
 but mention again, tho’ I have fpoken feveral times 
 of it already on other Account, I mean that of the 
 Progreftion of the Diftemper ; how it began at one 
 end of the Town, and proceeded gradually and flow- 
 ly from one Part to another, and like a dark Cloud 
 
 ‘that paffes over our Heads, which as it thickens and 
 overcafts the Air at one End, clears up at the 
 otherend : So whilethe Plague went on raging from 
 Weft to Eaft, as it went forwards Eaft, it abaved 
 
 bes in 
 
 % 
 
the PLAGUE. 245 
 
 in the Weft, by which means thofe parts°of the 
 Town, which werenot feiz’d, or who were left, 
 and where it had {pent its Fury, were (as it were) 
 fpar’d to help andaffift the other; whereas had the 
 Diftemper {pread it felf over the whole City and 
 Suburbs at once, raging in all Placesalike, as it has 
 done fince in fome Places abroad, the whole Body 
 of the People muft have been overwhelmed,and there 
 would have died twenty thoufand a Day, as they 
 fay there did at Naples, nor would the People have 
 been able to have help’d or affifted one another. 
 
 For it muft beobfery’d that where the Plague was 
 in its full Force, there indeed the People were very 
 miferable, and the Confternation was inexprefiible. 
 But a little before it reach’d even to that place, or 
 prefently after it was gone, they were quite another 
 Sort of People, and I cannot but acknowledge, that 
 there was too much of that common Temper of 
 Mankind to be found among us all at that time; 
 namely to forget the Deliverance, when the Danger 
 i paft: But I fhall come to fpeak of that part 
 again. 
 
 It muft not be forgot here to take fome Notice 
 of the State of Trade, during the time of this com- 
 mon Calamity, and this with refpeé&t to Foreign 
 Trade, as alfo to our Home-trade. 
 
 As to Foreign Trade, there needs little to be 
 faid; the trading Nations of Europe were all afraid 
 of us, no Port of France, or Holland, or Spain, or 
 ftaly would admit our Ships or correfpond with us; 
 indeed we ftood on ill Terms with the Dutch, and 
 were in a furious War with them, but tho” in 
 a bad Condition to fight abroad, who had fuch 
 dreadful Enemies to ftruggle with at’ Home. 
 
 Our Merchants agate. &: were at a full Stop, 
 their Ships could go no where, that is to fay to no 
 place abroad; their Manufaétures and Merchandifc, 
 R 3 that 
 
 = 
 
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 = 
 
 oe 
 
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 pete a 
 
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 AY 
 ff i iF 
 ‘hi 
 ede 
 ee 
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 Ki 
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ie mi | 
 6 . 
 i 
 
 — 
 
 246 MEMOIRS of 
 
 that is to fay; of our Growth, would not bé touth’d 
 
 ni 
 
 abroad; they were as much afraid of our Goods, 
 , a! 
 as they were of our Péoplée; and indeed they Had th 
 reafon, for our woolen Manufaétures ate as_reten- § 
 ria] 
 
 tive of Infeétion as human Bodies, and if pack’dup 6 
 by. Perfons infeéted wotild receivethe Infeétion, and | 
 be as dangerous to touch, as a Man would be that 
 was infected ; and therefore when any Engi Veflel 
 arriv’d in Fotcign Gouritries, if they did take the 
 Goods on Shere, they always caifed the Balés to 
 
 be opened _and ait’d in Places appoirited fot that e 
 Purpofe: But from Lindon they would not fuffer = § 
 them to come into Port, much lefs to unlade their 4 
 Goods upon anyTerms whatever ; arid this Stri€tnefs : 
 was efpecially us’d with them in Spain and Jtaly, in a 
 
 Turkey and the Hands of the arches indeed as they are wy 
 call’d, as well thofe belonging to the Tarks as to the 
 Venetians, they were not fo very rigid; in the firft 
 there was no Obftruétion at all ; and four Ships, which 
 were then in the River loadirig for Jtaly, that is 
 for Leghorn and Naples, being denyed Prodiict, as they ue 
 call it, went on to Turkey, and were freely admitted 
 
 to unlade their Cargo without afy Difficulty, only  ™! 
 that when they arriv’d theré, fomeé of theif Catgo tM 
 was not fit for Sale in that Country, and other ma 
 
 Parts of it being confign’d to Merchants at Leghorn, 
 the Captains of the Ships had no Right nor any Or- at 
 ders to difpefe of the Goods ; {6 that gteat Incen- ah 
 veniences followed to the Merchants. But this was no- th 
 thing but what the Neceflity of Affairs requir’d, and it 
 the Merchants at Leghorn and at Napleshaving No- 
 
 tice given them, fent again from thence to take iN 
 
 Care of the Effects, which were particularly con- “(i 
 
 fign’d to thofe Ports, and to bring back in other uth 
 
 Ships fuch as were improper for the Markets at tp 
 
 Smyrna and Scanderoon. Nab 
 
 The Inconveniences in Spain and Portugal were Af 
 
 | ftill greater; for they would, by no means, fuffer iy 
 
 our 
 
 _— 
 
the PLAGUE. 247 
 
 our Ships, efpecially thofe from London, to come 
 into any of their Ports, much lefs to unlade; there 
 was a Report, that one of our Ships having by 
 Stealth delivered her Cargo, among which was {ome 
 Bales of Englifs Cloth, Cotton, Kerfyés, and fuch 
 like Goods, the Spaniards caufed all the Goods to 
 be burnt, and punifhed the Men with Death who 
 were concern’d in catrying them on Shore. This I 
 believe was in Part true, tho’ I do not affirtn it: Butit 
 is not at all unlikely, fecing the Danget was réal- 
 ey great, the Infection being fo violent in Lon- 
 on. 
 
 I heard likewife that the Plague was carryed into 
 thofe Countries by fome of our Ships, and parti- 
 cularly to the Port of Faro in the Kingdom of 4/- 
 garve, belonging to the King of Portugal 5 and that 
 feveral Perfons died of it there, but it was fiot con- 
 firm’d. 
 
 On the other Hand, tho’ the Spaniards and Por- 
 tuguefe were fo fhie of us, it is moft cértain, that the 
 Plague, as has been faid, keeping at firft much at 
 thatend of the Town next We/fminfter, the mer- 
 chandifing part of the Town, fuch as the City and 
 the Water-fide, was perfectly found, till at leaft the 
 Beginning of 7#/y; and the Ships in the River till 
 the Beginning of duguft; for to the 1* of Fuly, 
 there had died but feven within thé whole City, 
 and but 60 within the Liberties; but one in all 
 the Parifthes of Stepney, Aldgate, and White-Chap- 
 pel; and but two in all the eight Parifhes of Sovth- 
 wark. But it was the fame thing abroad, for the 
 bad News was gone over the whole World, that 
 the City of London was infected with the Plague ; 
 and there was ho inquiring there, how the Infec- 
 tion proceeded, of at which patt of the Town it 
 was begun, or was reach’d to. ES peas 
 
 Befides, after it began to fpread, it increafed fo 
 fait, and the Bills grew fo high, all on a fudden, 
 
 R 4 
 
 that 
 
a 
 248 MEMOIRS Of | 
 
 that it was to’ no putpofe to leffen the Report of it, 
 or endeavour to make the People abroad think it 
 better than it was, the Account which the Week. 
 ly Bills gave in was fufficient; and ‘that there died 
 two thoufand to three or four thoufanda Week, was 
 fuficient to alarm the -whole trading part of the 
 World, and the following time being fo dreadful 
 alfo in the very City it felf, put the whole World 
 ¢ fay, upon their Guard againft it. 
 
 ‘You may be fure alfo, that the Report of thefe 
 things loft nothing in the Catriage, the Plague was 
 it felt very terrible, and the Diftrefs of the People 
 very great, as you may obferve by what I have faid: 
 But the Rumor was infinitely greater, and it muft 
 not be wonder’d, that our Friends abroad, as my 
 Brother’sCorrefpondents in particular were told there, 
 namely in Portugaland /taly where he chiefly traded, 
 that im Londonthere died twenty thoufand inaWeek; 
 that dead Bodies lay unburied by Heaps; that 
 the living were not fufficient to bury the dead, 
 or the Sound to look after the Sick 3 that all 
 the Kingdom was infected likewife, fo that it. was 
 an univerfal Malady, fuch as was never heard of in 
 thofe parts of the World; and they could hardly 
 believe us, when we gave them an Account how 
 things really were, and how there was not above 
 one Tenth part of the People dead; that there was 
 yooooo left that lived all the time in the Town ; 
 that now the People began to walk the Streets 
 again, and thofe, who were fled, to return, there 
 was no Mifs of the ufual Throng of people in the 
 Streets, except as every Family might mifs their Re- 
 lations and Neighbours, and the like; I fay they could 
 not believe thefe things 3 and if Enquiry were now 
 to be made in Naples, or in other Cities on the 
 Coatt of Jiah they would tell you that there was 
 a dreadful Infection in Londog {6 many Years ago; 
 
 iD 
 
 ? 
 
 ~ 
 
the PLAGUE. 249 
 
 in which, as above, there died Twenty Thoufand 
 ina Week, €c. Juft as we have had it reported in 
 London, that there was a Plague in the City of Naples, 
 inthe Year 1656,in which there died 20000 People 
 in a Day, of which I have had very good Satisfac- 
 tiom, that it Was utterly falfe. 
 
 But thefe extravagant Reports were very preju- 
 
 dicial to our Trade as well as unjuft and injurious 
 inthemfelves; for it was a long Time after the 
 Plague was quite over, before our Trade could re- 
 cover it felf in thofe parts of the World; and the 
 Flemings and Duteb, but efpecially the laft, made 
 very great Advantages of it, having allthe Market 
 tothemfelves, and even buying our Manufaétures 
 in the feveral Parts of England where the Plague 
 wasnot, and carrying them to Holland, and Flan- 
 ders, and from thence tranfporting them to Spain, 
 and to Jtaly,as if they had been of their own mak- 
 ing. 
 But they were detected fometimes and punifh’d, 
 that is to fay, their Goods confifcated, ‘and Ships 
 alfo; forif it was true, that our Manufactures, as 
 well'as our People, were infe€ted, and that it was 
 dangerous to touch or to open, and receive the 
 Smell of them; then thofe People ran the hazard by 
 that clandeftine Trade, not only of carrying the 
 Contagion into their own Country, but alfo of in- 
 feéting the Nations to whom they traded with thofe 
 Goods ; which, confidering how many Lives might 
 be loft in Confequence of fuch an Aion, mutt be 
 a Trade that no Men of Confcience could fuffer 
 themfelves to be concern’d in. 
 
 Ido not take upon me tofay, that any harm was 
 done, I mean of that Kind, by thofe People: But I 
 doubt, I need not make any fuch Provifo in the 
 Cafe of our own Country; for either by our Peo- 
 Ple of London, or by the’ Commerce, which made 
 their converfing with all Sorts of People in every 
 
 County, 
 
. ; : 
 
 —— 
 
 250 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 Gounty, and of every confiderable Town, neceffaryy 
 I fay, by this means the Plague was firft or laf iy 
 fpread all over the Kingdom, as well in Londomas 05 
 in all the Cities and great Towns, efpecially inthe 4 
 trading Manufacturing Towns, and Sea-Ports; fo iil 
 that firft or laft, all the confiderable Places in Eng- joi 
 land were vifited more or lefs, and the Kingdom of _ 
 Ireland in fome Places, but not fo univerfally;how ys 
 it far’d with the People in Scotland, Lhad noop- 4a 
 portunity to enquite. 17 
 
 It is to be obferv’d, that while the Plague conti- in 
 nued fo violent in London, the out Ports, as theyare bi 
 call’d, enjoy’d a very great Trade, efpecially to the  tiay 
 adjacent Countri¢s, and to our own Plantations; jig 
 for Example, the Towns of Colchefer, Yarmouth, ny 
 and Aiui/, on that fide of England, exported to Hol= |r 
 land and Hamburgh, the Mamifaétures of the adja- tag 
 cent Counties for fevetal Months after the Trade i, 
 with London was as it were entirely fhut up; like- i, 
 wife the Cities of Briffol and Exeter with the Port fy 
 of Plymouth, had the like Advantage to Spaia, to iV¢ 
 the Canaries, to Guinea, andto the Weft Indies, gy, 
 and particularly to /reland; but as the Plague fpréad {iy 
 it felf every way after ithad been in London, tofuch  |y. 
 a Degree as it was in Aagaft and September; {0 ally jy 
 of moft of thofe Cities and Towns were infected jy, 
 firft or laft, and then Trade was as it were under 4 jy 
 general Embargo, or at a full ftop, as I fhall ob- 4) 
 ferve farther, when I fpeak of our home Trade. li 
 
 One thing however muft be obferved, that asto jy, 
 Ships coming in from Abroad, asmany you may be fy, 
 fure did,fome,who were out inall Parts of the World bi 
 a confiderable while before, and fome who when they 
 went out knew nothing of an Infection, oratleaft of jj, 
 one fo terrible; thefe came up the Rivet boldly, 
 and delivered their Gargoes as they were oblig’dt0 
 do, except juftin the two Months of agu/t a Sep th 
 
 tembery —\4y, 
 
the PLAGUE. 251 
 
 tember, when the Weight of the Inféétion 1 ing, 
 as I may fay, all below Bridge, no Body durft ap- 
 ear in Butinefs for a while: But a8 this continued 
 Dat for a few Weeks, the Homeward bound Ships, 
 efpecially fuch whofe Cargoés were not liable to 
 {poil, came toan Anchor for a Time, fhort of Tue 
 POOL *, or freth Water part of the River, even 
 as low as the River Medway, where feveral of them 
 tan in, and others lay at the Nore, and in the Hope 
 below Gravefend: So that by the latter end of Offo- 
 bers there was a very ‘great Fleet of Homeward 
 bound Ships to come up, fuch as the like had not 
 been known for matiy Years. 
 
 _ Two particular Trades were carried on by Water 
 Carriage all the while of the Infection, and that 
 
 ¥ with little or no Interruption, very much to the 
 
 Advantage and Coinfort of the poor diftreffed Peo- 
 
 | ple of the City, and thofe were the coafting Trade 
 
 for Corn, and the Newca/fle Trade for Coals. 
 
 The firft of thefe was particularly carried on bj 
 fmall Veffels, from the Port of Hall, and other 
 Places in the Humber, by which great Quantities 
 of Corn were brought ih from % orkfhire and Liii- 
 colnfoire ; The other part of this Gorn-Trade was 
 from Lynn in Norfolk, from Weils, and Burnham, 
 and from Yarmouth, all in the fame County; and 
 the third Branch was frorh the River Medway, and 
 ftom Milton, Feverfbam, Margate, and Sandwich, 
 and all the other little Places and Ports round thé 
 Coaft of Kent and Effex. 
 
 There was alfo a very good Traile from the Goaft 
 of Suffolk with Corn, Butter and Cheefe; thefé 
 Veffels kept a conftant Courfe of T tade, and with- 
 cut Interruption came up to that Market known 
 
 * That Part of the River wheré the Ships lye up when they 
 come Home, is call’d the Pool, and takes in all the River on both 
 Sides of the Water, from the ower to Cyckold’s Point, and Lime: 
 
 Mife, 
 i. 
 ftill 
 
25:2 MEMOIRS of 
 
 {till by the Name of Bear-Key, where they fupply’d 
 the City plentifully with Corn, when Land Carri- 
 age began to fail, and when the People began to 
 be fick of coming from many Places in the Country, 
 
 This alfo was much of it owing to the Pru- 
 dence and Condué& of the Lord Mayor, who took 
 fuch care to keep the Mafters and Seamen from 
 Danger, when they came up, caufing their Cornto 
 be bought off at any time they wanted a Market, 
 ( which however was very feldom )- and caufing the 
 Corn-Factors immediately to unlade and deliver the 
 Veffels loaden with Corn, that they had very little 
 occafion to come out of their Ships or Veffels, the 
 Money being always carried on Board to them, and 
 put into a Pail of Vinegar before it was cat- 
 ried. 
 
 The fecond Trade was, that of Coals from New- 
 caftle upon Tyne; without which the City would 
 have been greatly diftreffed; for not in the Streets 
 only, but in private Houfes and Families, great 
 Quantities of Coals were then burnt, even all the 
 Summer long, and when the Weather was hottelt, 
 which was done by the Advice of the Phyficians; 
 fome indeed oppos’d it, and infifted that to keep 
 the Houfes and Rooms hot, was a means to propa- 
 gate the Diftemper, which was a Fermentation and 
 Heat already in the Blood, that it was known to 
 {pread, and increafe in hot Weather, and abate in 
 cold, and therefore they alledg’d that all contagious 
 Diftempers are the worfe for Heat, becaufe the Con- 
 tagion was nourifhed, and gain’d Strength in hot 
 Weather, and was as it were propagated in Heat. 
 
 Others faid, they granted, that Heat in the Cli- 
 mate might propagate Infeétion, as fultry hot Wea- 
 ther fills the Air with Vermine, and nourifhes innu- 
 merable Numbers, and Kinds of yenomous Creatures, 
 which breed in our Food, in the Plants, and: even in 
 our Bodies, by the very ftench of which, Infeétion 
 
 may 
 
 “ail 
 
the PLAGUE. 253 
 
 may be: propagated; alfo, that heat in the Air, or 
 heat of Weather, as we ordinarly call it, makes Bo= 
 dies relax and. faint, exhaufts the Spirits, opens the 
 Pores, and makes us more apt to receive Infection, 
 or any evil Influence, be it from noxious peftilen- 
 tial Vapors, or any other Thing inthe Air: But 
 that the heat of Fire, and efpecially of Coal Fires 
 kept in our Houfes, or near us, had a quite different 
 Operation, the Heat being not of the fame Kindy 
 but quick and fierce, tending not to nourifh but to 
 confume, and diffipate all thofe noxious Fumes, 
 which the other kind of Heat rather exhaled, and 
 flagnated, than feparated, and burnt up; befides it 
 was alledg’d, that the fulphurous and nitrous Parti 
 cles, that are often found.to be in the Coal, with 
 that bituminous Subftance which burns, are all af- 
 fifting to clear and purge the Air, and render it 
 wholfiom and fafe to breath in, after the noétious 
 Particles as above are difpers’d and burnt up. 
 
 ,. The latter Opinion prevail’d at that Time, and 
 as | muft confefs I think with good Reafon, and 
 the Experience of the Citizens confirm’d it, many 
 Houfes which had conftant Fires kept inthe Rooms, 
 having never been infected at all; and I mutt join 
 my Experience to it, for I found the keeping good 
 Fires kept our Rooms fweet and wholfom,.and Ido 
 verily believe made our whole Family fo, more than 
 would otherwife have been. 
 
 But I return to the Coals as a Trade, it was with 
 ho little difficulty that this Trade was kept open; 
 and particularly becaufe as we were in an open 
 War with the Dutch, at that Time, the Dutch 
 Capers at firft took a great many of our Collier 
 Ships, which made the reft cautious, and made 
 them to ftay to come in Fleets together: But after 
 fome time, the Capers. were either afraid to take 
 them, or their Matters, the States, were afraid they 
 fhould, and forbad them, left the Plague fhould be 
 gos among 
 
 =e 
 
a | | - or ? 
 , 
 
 —— 
 254 MEMOIRS of 
 among them, which made them fare the bet. ‘ 
 ter thy 
 
 For the Security of thofe Northern Traders, the *!' 
 Coal Ships were order’d by my Lord Mayor, nor 
 to come up into the Pool above a certain Number 
 at a Time, and order’d Lighters, and other Veffels, 
 fuch as the Wood-mongers, that is the Wharf {\! 
 Keepers, or Coal-Sellers furnifhed, to go down, and *! 
 take out the Coals as low as Deptford and Greeu-  ( 
 wich, and fome farther down. ith 
 
 Others deliver’d great Quantities of Coalsin par- x 
 ticular Places, where the Ships cou’d come to the {t! 
 Shoar, as at-Greenwich, Blackwal, and other Pla- i 
 ces, in vaft Heaps, as if to be kept for Sale ; but — iv 
 were then fetch’d away, after the Ships which ': 
 brought them were gone; fo that the Seamen had ‘i 
 no Communication with the River-Men, nor fo i 
 much as came near one another. #G 
 
 Yet all this Caution, could not effeGtually pre- ji 
 vent the Diftemper getting among the Colliery, 
 that isto fay, among the Ships, by which a great jf 
 many Seamen died of it; and that which was fill %,| 
 worle, was, that they carried it down to Jp/wich, “ti 
 and Yarmouth, to Newzaffle upon Tyne, and other %¢ 
 Places on the Coaft; where, elpecially at Newcafle ‘tn 
 and at Sunderland, it carried off a great Numberof 4%; 
 
 People. hy 
 The making fo many Fires as above, did indeed 4a 
 confume an unufual Quantity of Coals; andthatup- {it 
 
 on one or two ftops of the Ships coming up, whe- i, 
 ‘f ther by contrary Weather, or by the Interruption  "% 
 i of Enemies, I do not remember, but the Price of Mp 
 Coals was exceeding dear, even as high as 41.4 ‘Th 
 Chalder, but it foon abated when the Ships came 
 in, and as afterwards they hada freer Paffage, the  ‘\y 
 Price was very reafonable all the reft of that Year. ty 
 The publick Fires which were made on thee 
 
 Occafions, as I have calculated it, muft neceflarily 
 
 have 
 
the PLAGUE. 255 
 
 have coft the City about 200 Chalder of Coals a 
 Week, if they had continued, which was in- 
 deed a very great Quantity ; but as it was, thought 
 neceflary, nothing was fpar’d; however as fome of 
 the Phyficians cry’dthem down, they were not kept 
 alight above four or fiye Days; the Fires were or- 
 der’d thus. 
 
 One at the Cu/tom-hou/e, one at Billing gate, one 
 at Queen-bith, and one at the Three Cranes, one in 
 Black Friers, and ane at the Gate of Bridewe], one 
 at the Corner of Leadenbal Street, and Grace-chyurch, 
 one at the North, and one at the South Gate of the 
 Royal Exchange, one at Guild Hall, and one at 
 Blackwell-hal] Gate, one at the Lord Mayor’s Door, 
 in St. Helens, one at the Weft Entrance in- 
 to St. Paui’s, and one at the Entrance into Bow 
 Church; I do notremember whether there was any 
 at the City Gates, but one at the Bridge foot there 
 was, juft by St. Magnus Church. 
 
 I know, fome have quarrell’d fince that at the 
 Experiment, and faid, that there died the more 
 People, becaufe of thofe Fires; but 1am perfuaded 
 thofe that fay fo, offer no Evidence to prove it, 
 neither can t believe it on any Account whatever. 
 
 It remains to give fome Account of the State of 
 Trade at home in England during this dreadful 
 Time, and particularly asit relates to the Manufac- 
 tures, and the Trade inthe City: At the firft break- 
 ing out of the Infegtion, there was, as it is eafie to 
 fuppofe, a very great fright among the People, and 
 confequently a general {top of Trade; except in 
 Provifions and Neceflaries of Life, and even in 
 thofe Things, as there was a vaft Number of People 
 fled, and a very great Number always fick, befides 
 the Number which died, fo there could not. be 
 above two Thirds, if above one Half of the Con- 
 fumption of Provifions in the City as ufed to be. as 
 
 a 
 
256 MEMOTR'S Of 
 
 It pleas’d God, to fend a very plentiful Year of {y 
 
 Corn and Fruit, but not of Hay or Grafs; by 
 which means, Bread was cheap, by Reafon of the 
 Plenty of Corn: Flefh. was cheap, by Reafon. of 
 the Scarcity of Grafs; but Butter and Cheefe were 
 dear for the fame Reafon, and Hay in the Market 
 juft beyond White-Chapel Bars, was fold at 4 |. per 
 ‘Load. But that affected not the Poor; there was 
 a mott exceffive Plenty of all Sorts of Fruit, fuch 
 as Apples, Pears, Plumbs, Cherries, Grapes; and 
 they were the cheaper, becaufe-of the want of Peo- 
 ple; but this made the Poor eat them to excefs, and 
 this brought them into Fluxes, griping of the Guts, 
 Surfeits, andthe like, which often precipitated them 
 into the Plague. 
 
 But to come to Matters of Trade; firft, Foreign 
 Exportation being ftopt, or at leaft very much in- 
 terrupted, and. rendred difficult; a general Stop 
 of all thofe Manufactories followed of Courfe, which 
 were ufually bought for Exportation; and tho’ fome- 
 times Merchants Abroad were importunate fot 
 
 Goods, yet little was fent, the Paflages being {0 *, 
 
 generally ftop’d, that the Englifh Ships would not 
 be admitted, asis faid already, into their Port. 
 
 This put a ftop to the Manufactures, that were 
 for Exportation in moft Parts of England, except in 
 fome out Ports ; and even that was foon ftop’d, 
 for they all had the Plague in their Turn: Buttho’ 
 this was felt all over England, yet what was fill 
 worfe, all Intercourfe of Trade for Home Confump- 
 tion of Manufactures, efpecially thofe which ufu- 
 ally circulated thro’ the Londoners Hands, was ftop’d 
 at once, the Trade of the City being ftop’d. 
 
 All Kinds of Handicrafts in the City, 7c. Tradef 
 men and Mechanicks, were, as I have faid be- 
 fore, out of Employ, and this occafion’d the putting 
 off, and difmiffing an innumerable. Number of Jour 
 ney-mep, and Work-men of all: Sorts, {eeing no- 
 
 thing 
 
— —— 
 
 ~~ 
 the PLAGUE. 257 
 
 thing was done relating to fuch Trades, but what 
 might be faid to be abfolutely neceffary. 
 
 This caufed the Multitude of fingle People in 
 London to be unprovided for; as alfo of Families, 
 whofe living depended upon the Labour of the 
 Heads of thofe Families; I fay, this reduced them 
 to extream Mifery; and I mutt confefs it is for the 
 Honour of the City of Londow, and will be. for 
 many Ages, as long as this is to be fpoken of, that 
 they were able to fupply with charitable Provifion, 
 the Wants of fo many Thoufands of thofe as after- 
 wards fell fick, and were diftrefled ; fo that it may 
 be fafely aver’d that no Body perifhed for Want, 
 at left that the Magiftrates had any notice given 
 them of. : 
 
 This Stagnation of our Manufa@uring Trade in 
 the Country, would have put the People there to 
 much greater Difficulties, but that the Mafter- 
 Workmen, Clothiers and others, to the uttermoft of 
 their Stocks and Strength, kept on making their 
 Goods to keep the Poor at Work, believing that 
 as foon as the Sicknefs fhould abate, they would have 
 a quick Demand in Proportion to the Decay of 
 their Trade at that Time: But as none but thofe 
 Matters that were rich could do thus, and that 
 Many were poor and not able, the Manufacturing 
 Trade in England faflerd greatly, and the Poor 
 were pinch’d all over Eygiazd by the Calamity of 
 the City of London only. 
 
 It is true, that the next Year made them full 
 amends by another terrible Calamity upon the City 5 
 fo that the City by one Calamity impoverifhed and 
 weaken’d the Country, and by another Calamity 
 even terrible too of its Kind, enrich’d the Country 
 and made them again amends: For an infinite Quan- 
 tity of Houfhold Stuff, wearing Apparel, and other 
 Things, befides whole Ware-houfes fill’d with 
 Merchandize and Manufaéturies, fuch as come = 
 
 S ai 
 
 any 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 i 
 ‘a 
 i | 
 
— 
 
 258 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 all Parts of Exgland, were confum’d in the Fire of 
 London, the next Year after thisterrible Vifitation; 
 It is incredible what a Tradethis made all over the 
 whole Kingdom, to make good the Want, and to 
 fupply that Lofs: So that, in fhort, all the manufaétur- 
 ing Hands in the Nation were fet'on Work, and 
 were little enough, for feveral Years, to fupply the 
 Market and anfwerthe Demands ; all Foreign Mar- 
 kets, allo were empty of our Goods, by the ftop 
 which had been occafioned by the Plague, and be- 
 fore an open Trade was allow’d again; and the 
 prodigious Demand at Home falling in join’d to 
 make a quick Vent for all Sorts of Goods ; 3 fo that 
 there never was known fuch a Trade all over Eng- 
 land for the Time, as was in the firft feven Years 
 after the Plague, and after the Fire of London. 
 
 It remains now, that I fhould fay fomething of 
 the merciful Part of this terrible Judgment: The 
 laft Week in September, the Plague being come to 
 its Crifis, its Fury began to affwage. T remember 
 my Friend Doétor ae coming to fee me the 
 Week before, told me, he was fure that the Vio- 
 lence of it would vases in a few Days; but when 
 I faw the arg Bill of that Week, which was 
 the higheft of the whole Year, being 8297 of all 
 Difeafes, I upbraided him with it, and alk’d him, 
 what he had made his Judgmen t from? His Anfwer, 
 however, was not fo much to feek, as I thought it 
 would have been; look you, /ays he, by the Number 
 which are at this Time fick and infeéted,there fhould 
 have been twenty Thoufand dead the laft Week, in- 
 {tead of eight Thoufand,if the inveterate mortal Con- 
 tagion had been, as it was two Weeks ago; for then 
 it ordinarily kill'd in two or three Days, now 
 not under E ight or Ten; and then not above One 
 in Five recovered 5 whereas I have obferv’d, that 
 now not above ye in Five mifcarry; and obferve 
 it from me, the next Bill will decreafe, and you 
 
 will 
 
thee PLAGUE. 259 
 
 will fee many more People recover than ufed todo; 
 for tho’ a vait Multitude are now every where in- 
 fected, and as many every Day fall fick; yet there 
 will not fo many die as there did, for the Maligni- 
 ty of the Diftemper is abated; adding, that he be- 
 gan now to hope, nay more than hope, that the 
 Infection had pafs’d its Crifisyand was going off 5 and 
 accordingly fo it was, for the next Weck being, as 
 I faid, the laft in September, the Bill decreafed ale 
 moft two 'Thoufand. 
 
 It is true, the Plague was ftill at a frightful 
 Height, and the next Bill was no Jefs than 6460, and 
 the next to that 5720; but {till my Friend’s Obfer- 
 vation was juft, andit did appear the People did re- 
 cover fafter, and more in Number, than they ufed 
 todo ;° andindeed if it had not been fo, what had been 
 the Condition of the City of London? for accord- 
 ing to my Friend there were not fewer than fixty 
 ThoufandPeople at that Time infected, whereof, as 
 above, 20477 died, and near 40090 recovered; where- 
 as had it been as it was before, Fifty thouland of 
 that Number would very probably have died, if 
 not more, and soooo more would have fickned ; for 
 ina Word, the whole Mafs of People began to 
 ficken, and it look’d as if none would cicape. 
 
 But this Remark of my Friend’s appear'd more 
 evident in a few Weeks more; for the Decreafe 
 went on, and another Weck in Oéfoder it decreas’d 
 1849. So that the Number dead of the Plague 
 was but 2665, and the next Week it decrealed 
 1413 more, and yer it was feen plainly, that there 
 was abundance of People fick, nay abundance more 
 than ordinary, and abundance fell fick every Day, 
 but (as above ) the Malignity of the Difeate abated. 
 
 Such is the precipitant Difpofition of our Peo- 
 ple, whether it is fo or not all over the World, 
 that’s none of my particular Bufinefs to enquires 
 
 “wit apparently here, that as upon the firft 
 but I faw it apparently > Pp Frghe 
 
 =" 
 
; 
 ln ratch 
 
 iO CatCi- 
 
 { mortal, and teeing abundance 
 
 ‘ . y - 
 
 entirely regarc 
 
 tion, that tncy : 
 
 or an oraina’ry 
 
 had Tumours and Carbuncies upon them, that were 
 
 running, and conieg contagious, but and 
 
 drank with to vilit 
 
 ; = 
 
 them, and e very Cham- 
 
 bers where 
 I nis I co Doc- 
 
 to leath 2 to E.xperi- 
 
 ence, catching as ever. 
 
 1D) 
 
 F ; 
 iNa 
 
the PLAGUE. 261 
 
 of Death was very great, even to the laft; alfo the 
 unfufferable Torment of the Swellings, which tho’ 
 it might not make People raving and diftracted, as 
 they were before, and as I have given feveral In- 
 flances of already, yet they put the Patient to in- 
 expreflible Torture; and thote that fell into it, tho" 
 they did efcape with Life, yet they made bitter Com- 
 plaints of thofe, that had told them there was no Dan- 
 
 ger,and fadly repented their Rafhnefs and Folly in ven- 
 
 turing to run into the reach of it. 
 
 Nor did this unwary Condu& of the People 
 end here, for a great many that thus caft off their 
 Cautions fuffered more deeply ftill; and tho’ many 
 efcap’d, yetjmany died; andat leatt it had this pub- 
 lick Mifchief attending it, that it made the De- 
 creafe of Burials flower than it would otherwife 
 
 have been; for as this Notion run like Lightning ~ 
 
 thro’ the City, and People Heads were poffefs’d 
 With it, even as foon as the firft great Decreafe in 
 the Bills. appear’d, we found, that the two next 
 Bills did not decreafe in Proportion; the Reafon I 
 take to be the Peoples running fo rafhly into Dan- 
 ger, giving up all their former Cautions, and Care, 
 and all the Shynefs which they ufed to prattile; de- 
 pending that the Sicknefs would not reach them, 
 or that if it did, they fhould not die. 
 
 The Phyficians oppos’d this thoughtlefs Hu- 
 mour of the People with all their Might, and gave 
 out printed Direttions, {preading them all over the 
 City and Suburbs, advifing the People to continue 
 referv’d,and to ufe ftill the utmoft Caution in their or- 
 dinary Conduét, notwithftanding the Decreafe of the 
 Diftemper, terrifying them with the Danger of bring 
 ing a Relapfe upon the whole City, and telling them 
 how fuch a'Relapfe might be more fatal and dan- 
 gerous than the whole Vifitation that had been 
 already ; with many Arguments and Reafons to ex- 
 plain and prove that part to them, and which are 
 
 too | to repeat here. 
 os S 3 aN But 
 
 WF 
 Pt 
 
 vt 
 
 hey 
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 : 
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4 
 
 —— 
 
 262 MEMOIRS of 
 
 But it was all to no Purpofe, the audacious Crea- 
 tures were fo poffefs’d with the firft Joy, and fo 
 furpriz’d with the Satisfaction of feeing a vaft De- 
 creafe in the weekly Bills, that they were impene- 
 trable by any new Terrors, and would not be per- 
 fuaded, but that the Bitternefs of Death was pals'd; 
 and it was to no. more purpofe to talk to them, 
 than to an Eaft-wind; but they open’d Shops, went 
 about Streets, did Bufinefs, and converfed with any 
 Body that came in their Way to converfe with, 
 whether with Bufinefs, or without, neither inqui- 
 ring of their Health, or fo muchas being Apprehen- 
 five of any Danger from them, tho’ they knew 
 them not to be found. 
 
 This imprudent rath Conduct coft a great many 
 their Lives, who had with great Care and Caution 
 fhut themfelves up, and kept retir’d as it were from 
 all Mankind, and had by that means, under God’s 
 Providence, been preferv'd thro’ all the heat of that 
 Infection. 
 
 This rafh and foolith Condu&, J /ay, of the People 
 went fo far, that the Minifters took notice to them 
 of it at laft, and laid before them both the Folly 
 and Danger of it; and this check’d ita little, fo 
 that they grew more cautious, but it had another 
 Effect, which they cou’d not check; for as the firft 
 Rumour had {pread not over the City only, but in- 
 to the Country, it had the like Effeét, andthe Peo- 
 ple were fo tir’d with being fo long from London, 
 and {o eager to come back, that they flock’d to 
 Town without Fear or Forecaft, and began to thew 
 themfelves in the Streets, as if all the Danger was 
 over: It was indeed furprifing to fee it, for tho’ there 
 died itil from a Thoufand to eighteen Hundred a 
 Week, yet the People flock’d to Town, as if all 
 had been well, 
 
 The Confequence of this was, that the Billsen- 
 ereas’d again our Hundred the very firft Week in 
 
 November, 
 
SS 
 | the PLAGUE. 263 
 November; and if I might believe the Phyficians, 
 there was above three Thoufand fell fick that 
 Week, moft of them new Comers too. 
 
 One"FJOHN COC K,a Barberin St. Martins le 
 Grand, was an eminent Example of this; I mean 
 of the hafty Return of the People, when the 
 Plague was abated: This ‘John Cock had left the 
 Town with his whole Family, and lock’d up his 
 Houfe, and was gone in the Country, as many 
 others did, and ‘finding the Plague fo decreas’d in 
 November, that there died but gos per Week of 
 all Difeafes, he ventur’d home again; he had in his 
 Family ‘Ten Perfons, that is to fay, himfelf and 
 Wife, five Children, two Apprentices, anda Maid 
 Servant; he had not been return’d to his Houfe 
 above a Week, and began to open his Shop, and 
 carry on his Trade, but the Diftemper broke out 
 in his Family, and within about five Days they all 
 died, except one, that is to fay, himfelf, his Wife, 
 all his five Children, and his two Apprentices, and 
 only the Maid remain’d alive. 
 
 But the Mercy of God was greater to the reftthan 
 had Reafon to expect; for the Malignity, as I have 
 faid, of the Diftemper was fpent, the Contagion 
 was exhaufted, and alfo the Winter Weather came 
 onapace, and the Air was clear and cold, with 
 fome fharp Frofts; and this encreafing ftill, moft of 
 thofe that had fallen fick recover’d, and the Health 
 of the City began to return: There were indeed fome 
 Returns of the Diftemper, even in the Month of 
 December, and the Bills encreafed near a Hundred, 
 but it went off again and fo in a fhort while, 
 ‘Things began to return to their own Channel. And 
 wonderful it was to fee how populous the City was 
 again all on a fudden; fo that a Stranger could not 
 mufs the Numbers that were loft,neither was there any 
 mie of the Inhabitants as. totheir Dwellings: Few 
 
 or no empty Houfes were to be feen, .or if there 
 , $4 were 
 
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 See ae 25, a - 
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Nd 
 264 MemorRs of 
 
 were fome, there was no want of Tenants fot 
 them. 
 
 I with I cou’d fay, that as the City had a new 
 Face, fo the Manners of the People had a new Ap- 
 pearance : I doubt not but there were many. that 
 retain’d a fincere Senfe’ of their Deliverance, and 
 that were heartily thankful to thar fovereign Hand, 
 that had protected them in fo dangerous a'Time; it 
 would be very uncharitablee to judge otherwife in 
 a City fo populous, and where the People were fo 
 devout, as they were here in the Time of the Vifi- 
 tation it felf; but except what of this was to be 
 found in particular Families, and Faces, it muft be 
 acknowledg’d that the general Practice of the Peo- 
 ple was juit as it was betore, and very little Difference 
 was to be feen. 
 
 Some indeed faid Things were worfe, that the 
 Morals of the People declin’d from this vere time; 
 that the People harden’d by the Danger they had 
 been in, like Sea-men after a Storm is over, were 
 more wicked and more ftupid, more bold and 
 hardened in their Vices and Immoralities than they 
 were before 5 but I-will not carry it fo far neither : 
 ft would take up a Hiftory of no fmall Length, 
 to give a Particular of all the Gradations, by which 
 the Courfe of Things in this City came te be re- 
 ftor’d again, and to run in their own Channel as 
 they did before. 
 
 Some Parts of Exeland were now infeéted as violent: 
 ly as London had been 3 the Cities of Norwich, Peter- 
 borough, Lincoln, Colchefer, and other Places were 
 now vifited; andthe Magiftrates of London began to fet 
 Rules for our Conduét, as to corre{ponding with 
 thofe Cities: It is true, we could not pretend to 
 forbid their People coming to Loudon, becaufe it 
 
 was impofhible to know them affunder, fo after man 
 
 Confyltations, the Lord Mayor, and Court of Al. 
 
 dermen were oblig’d to drop it: A}! they cou’d da, 
 was 
 
’ 
 ' 
 
 the PLAGUE. 265 
 
 ‘was to warn and caution the People, not to enter- 
 
 tain in their Houfes, or converfe with any People 
 who they knew came from fuch infeéted Places. 
 
 But they might as well have talk’d to the Air, 
 for the People of London thought themfelves fo 
 Plague-free now, that they were paft all Admoniti- 
 ons; they feem’d todepend upon it, that the Air 
 was reftor’d, and that the Air was like a Man that 
 had had the Small Pox,nor capable of{being infected 
 agains this reviv’d that Notion, that the Infection 
 was all in the Air, that there was no fuch thing as 
 Contagion from the fick People to the Sound; and 
 fo ftrongly did this Whimfy prevail among Peo- 
 ple, that they run all together promifcuoufly, fick 
 and well; not the Mabometans, who, prepoffefs’d 
 with the Principle of Predeftination yalue nothing 
 of Contagion, let it be in what it will, could be 
 more obitinate than the People of London ; they 
 that were perfectly found, and came out of the 
 Wholefome Air, as we call it, into the City, made 
 nothing of going into the fame Houfes and Cham- 
 bers nay even into the fame Beds, with thofe that 
 had the Diftemper upon them, and were not reco- 
 vered. 
 
 Some indeed paid for their audacious Boldnef 
 with the Price of their Lives; an infinite Num- 
 ber fell fick, and the Phyficians had more Work 
 than ever, only with this Difference, that more of 
 their Patients recovered; that is to fay, they gene- 
 tally recovered, But certainly there were more Peo- 
 ple infeéted, and fell fick now, when there did not 
 die above a Thoufand, or Twelve Hundred in a 
 Week, than there was when there died Five or 
 Six Thoufand a Week; {0 entirely negligent were 
 the People at that Time, in the great and dangerous 
 Cie of Health and Infection ; and fo ill. were 
 they able to take or accept of the Advice of 
 thofe whe cautioned them for their Good. i 
 
 e 
 
 Za 
 
266 MEMOIRS Of 
 
 The People being thus return’d, as it were inge- 
 neral, it was very {trange to find, that in their in- 
 quiring after their Friends, fome whole Families 
 were fo entirely {wept away, that there was no Re- 
 membrance of them left; neither was any Body to 
 be found to poffefs or fhew any Title to that little 
 they had left ; for in fuch Cafes, what was to be 
 found was generally embezzled, and purloyn’d fome 
 gone one way, fome another. 
 
 It was faid {uch abandon’d Effects,came to theKing 
 asthe univerfal Heir,upon which we were told, and I 
 firppofe it wasin part true, that the King granted all 
 fuch as Deodands to the Lord Mayor and Court of 
 Aldermen of London, to beapphied to.the ufeof the 
 Poor, of whom there were very many: For it ts to 
 be obferv’d, that tho’ the Occafions of Relief, and 
 the Objects of Diftrefs were very many more in the 
 Time of the Violence of the Plague, than now 
 after all was over; yet the Diftrefs of the Poor was 
 more now, a great deal than it was then, becaule 
 all the Sluces of general Charity were now fhut ; 
 People fuppos’d the main Occafion to be over, and 
 fo ftop’d their Hands; whereas particular Objects 
 were ftill very moving, and the Diftrefs of thofe 
 that were Poor, was very great indeed. 
 
 Tho’ the Health of the City was now very much 
 teftor’d, yet Foreign Trade did not begin to ftir, 
 neither would Foreigners admit our Ships into their 
 Ports for a great while; as for the Dutch, the Mif- 
 tinderftandings between our Court and them had bro- 
 ken out into a War the Year before; fo that our 
 Trade that way was wholly interrupted; but Spar 
 and Portugal, Italy and Barbary, as a\fo Hamburgh, 
 and all the Ports in the Ba/tick, thefe were all thy 
 of usa great while, and would not reftore Trade with 
 us for many Months. 
 
 The Diltemper fweeping away fuch Multitudes, 
 as | have ebferv’d, many, if not all the out Parifhes 
 
 were 
 
 = af = wee 
 
on 
 the PLAGUE. 267 
 
 were oblig’d to make new burying Grounds, be- 
 fides that I have mention’d in Bunhil-Fields, fome 
 of which were continued, and remain in Ufe to 
 this Day; but others were left off, and which, I 
 confefs, I mention with fome Reflection, being 
 converted into other Ufes, or built upon afterwards, 
 the dead Bodies were difturb’d, abus’d, dug up 
 again, fome even before the Fleth of them was pe- 
 tifhed from the Bones, and remov’d like Dung or 
 Rubbifh to other Places; fome of thofe which came 
 within the Reach of my Obfervation, are as fol- 
 low. 
 
 1. A piece of Ground beyond Go/wel Street, 
 
 near Mount-Mill, being fome of the Remains of 
 
 the old Lines or Fortifications of the City, where 
 Abundance were buried promifcuoufly from the Pa- 
 tithes of d/der/gate, Clerkenwell, and even out of 
 the City. This Ground, as I take it, was fince 
 made a Phyfick Garden, and after that has been 
 built upon. 
 
 z. A piece of Ground juft over the Black Ditch, 
 aS it was then call’d, at the end of Holloway Lane, 
 in Shoreditch Parifh; it has been fince made a Yard 
 for keeping Hogs, and for other ordinary Ufes, but 
 is quite out of Ufe as a burying Ground. 
 
 3. The upper End of Hand- Alley in Bifhopfgate 
 Street, which was then a green Field, and was ta- 
 Ken in particularly for Bi/bop/gate Parith, tho’ many 
 of the Carts out of the City brought their dead 
 thither alfo, particularly out of the Parifh of St. //- 
 hallows on the Wall; this Place 1 cannot mention 
 Without much Regret, it was, asl remember, about 
 two or three Year after the Plague was ceas’d that 
 Sir Robert Clayton came to be poffett of the Ground; 
 itwas reported, how true I know not, that ir tell 
 to the King for want of Heirs, all thofe who had 
 any Right to it being carried off by the Peitilence, 
 and that Sir Robert Clavton obtain’d a Grant of it 
 
 from 
 By 
 
268 MEMOIRS of 
 
 from King Charles II. But however he came by 
 it, certain it is, the Ground was let out to build 
 on, or built upon by his Order : The firft Houfe 
 built upon it was a large fair Houfe ftill ftanding, 
 which faces the Street, or Way, now call’d /Zand- 
 
 ley, which, tho’ call’d an Alley, is as wide-asa 
 Street: The Houfes in the fame Row with that 
 Houfe Northward, .are built on the very’ fame 
 Ground where the poor People were buried, and 
 the Bodies on opening the Ground for the Foun 
 dations,were dug up, fome of them remaining fo 
 plain to be feen, that the Womens Sculls were’ di- 
 itinguifh’d by their long Hair, and of others, the 
 Fleth was not quite perifhed ; fo that the Peoplebe- 
 gan to exclaim loudly againftit, and fome fuggetted 
 that it might endanger a Return of the Contagi- 
 on: After which the Bones and Bodies, as faft as 
 they came.at them, were carried to another part of 
 the fame Ground, and thrown all together into 4 
 deep Pit, dug on purpofe, which now is to be 
 known, in that it is not built on, but is a Paflage 
 to another Houfe, at the upper end of Rofe Alley, 
 juft againft the Door of a Meeting-houfe, which has 
 been built there many Years fince; and the Ground 
 is palifadoed off from the reft of the Paflage, in a 
 little fquare, there lye the Bones and Remains: of 
 neat Two thoufand Bodies, carried by the Dead- 
 Carts to to their Grave in that one Year. 
 
 4. Befides this, there was a piece of Ground in 
 Voorfields, by the going into the Street which is 
 now call’d Old Bethlem, which was enlarg’d much, 
 tho’ not wholly taken in on the fame occafion. 
 
 N. B. The Author of this Journal, lyes buried 
 in that very Ground, being at his own Defire, his 
 Sifter having been buried there a few Years be- 
 fore. 
 
 5. Stepney Parifh, extending it felf from the Eat 
 part of Londen to the North, even to the very 
 
 Edge 
 
 — 
 
thee PLAGUE. 269 
 
 Edge of Shoreditch Church-yard, hada piece of 
 Ground taken in to bury their Dead, clofe to the 
 faid Church-yard; and which for that very Reafon was 
 left open,and is fince, Ifuppofe, taken into the fame 
 Church-yard ; and they had alfo two other burying 
 Places ii Spittlefields, one where fince a Chapel or 
 Tabernacle has been built for eafe to this great 
 Parifh, and another in Petticoat-lane. 
 
 ‘There were no. lefs than Five other Grounds 
 made ufe of for the Parifh of Stepwey at that time; 
 one where now ftands the Parifh Church of Sr, 
 Paul’s Shadwel, and the other, where now ftands 
 the Parifh Church of St. Fobn at Wapping, both 
 which had not the Names of Parifhes at that time, 
 but were belonging to Stepney Parifh. 
 
 I cou’d name many more, but thefe coming 
 within my particular Knowledge, the Circumftance 
 I thought made it of Ufe to record them; from 
 the whole, it may be obferv’d, that they were ob- 
 lig’d in this Time of Diftrefs, to take in new bury- 
 ing Grounds in moft of the out Parifhes, for lay- 
 ing the prodigious Numbers of People which died 
 in fo fhort a Space of Time; but why Care was not 
 taken to keep thofe Places feparate from ordinary 
 Ules, that fo the Bodies might reft undifturb’d, 
 that, I cannot anfwer for, and muft confels, I think ir 
 was wrong; who were to blame, I know not. 
 
 I fhould have mention’d, that the Quakers had 
 at that time alfo a burying Ground, fet_a-part to 
 their Ufe, and which they ftill make ufe of, and 
 they had alfo a particular dead Cart to fetch their 
 Dead from their Houfes ; and the famous Solomon 
 Eagle, who, as 1 mentioned before, had predicted the 
 Plague as a’ Judgment, and run naked thro’ the 
 Streets, telling the People, that it was come upon 
 them, to punith them for their Sins, had his own 
 Wife died the very next Day of the Plague, 
 
 an 
 
 amy 
 
290 MEMOIRS of 
 
 and was carried one of the firft in the Quakers 
 dead Cart, to their new burying Ground. 
 
 [ might have throng’ d this Aces with many 
 more remarkable Things, which occur’d in the Time 
 of the Infeétion, and pena what pafs’d bes 
 tween the Lord Mayor and the Court, which was 
 then at Oxford, and what Direétions were from 
 time to time receiv’d from the Government for 
 their Conduét on this critical Occafion. But really 
 the Court concern’d themfelves fo little, and that 
 little they did was of fo {mall Import, that I do 
 not fee it of much Moment to mention any Part 
 of it biti except that of appointing a Monthly 
 Faft in the City, and the fending the Royal Chari- 
 ty to the Relief of the Poor, both which I have 
 inention’d before. 
 
 Great was the Reproach thrown on thofe Phyfis 
 cians who left their Patients during the Sicknels, 
 
 and now they came to Town again, no Body car’d 
 to employ them; they were call’d Deferters, and 
 frequ ently Bills were fet up upon their Doors,and 
 written, /Tere is a Dottor to be let! So that feveral 
 of thote Phyficians were ie; for a while to fit ftill 
 and look about them, or at leaft remove their Dwel- 
 Jings, and fet up in new Places, and among new 
 Acquaint ance ; the like was the Cafe with the Clergy, 
 who the People were indeed very abufive to, writ- 
 ing Verfes and {eandalous Reflections upon them, 
 fetting upon the Church Door, here is a Pulpit to 
 be let, or fometimes to be fold, ohich was worle. 
 
 It was not the leaft of our Misfortunes,that with 
 our Infection, when it ceafed, there did not ceafe the 
 Spirit of Strife and Gontention ,Slander and Reproach, 
 which was really the great Troubles of the Nation’s 
 Peace before: It was faid to be the Remains of the 
 old Animofities, which had fo lately irivolv’d us all 
 in Blood and Diforder. But as the late: A& of In- 
 demnity had laid afleep the Quarrel it felf, fo the 
 
 Govern- 
 
the PLAGUE. 291 
 
 Government had recommended Family and Perfo- 
 nal Peace upon all Occafions, to the whole Na: 
 tion. 
 
 But itcou’d not be obtain’d, and particularly after 
 the ceafing of the Plague in London, when any one 
 that had feen the Condition which the People had 
 been in, and how they carefs’d one another at that 
 ume, promis’d to have more Charity for the future, 
 and to raife no more Reproaches: | fay, any one 
 that had {een them then, would have thought they 
 would have come together with another Spirit at 
 laft. But, I fay, it cou’d not be obtain’d; the Qua- 
 tel remain’d, the Church and the Prefbyterians 
 were incompatible ; as foon as the Plague was re- 
 mov’d, the diffenting outed Minifters who had 
 fupplied the Pulpits, which were deferted by the 
 Incumbents, retir’d, they cou’d expect no other ; 
 but that they fhould immediately fall upom them, 
 and harrafs them, with their penal Laws, accept 
 their preaching while they were fick, and perfecute 
 them as foon as they were recover’d again, thiseven 
 we that were of the Church thought was very 
 hard, and cou’d by no means approve of it. 
 
 But it was the Government, and we cou’d fay 
 nothing to hinderit; we cou’d only fay, it was not 
 our doing, and we could not anfwer for it. 
 
 On the other Hand, the Diffenters reproaching 
 thofe Minifters of the Church with going away, 
 and deferting their Charge, abandoning the People 
 in their Danger, and when they had moft need of 
 Comfort and the like, this we cou’d by no means 
 approve; for all Men have not the fame Faith, and 
 the fame Courage, and the Scripture commands us 
 to judge the moft favourably, and according to Cha- 
 rity. 
 
 A Plague is a formidable Enemy, and is arm’d 
 with Terrors, that every Man is not fufficiently 
 fortified to refift, or prepar’d to ftand the Shock 
 
 againtt : 
 ay 
 
 a ag ee 
 
 ~a eee 
 
 ehh 
 
272 MEMOIR Sof 
 
 again(t: It is very certain, that a great many 
 of the Clergy, who were in Circumftances to do it, 
 withdrew, and fled for the Safety of their Lives; 
 but ’tis true alfo, that a great many of them ftaid, 
 and many of them fell in the Calamity, and in the 
 
 Difcharge of their Duty. ; 
 It is true, fome of the Diffenting turn’d out Mis 
 nifters ftaid, and their Courage is to be commends 
 ed, and highly valued, but thefe were not abun- 
 dance ; it cannot be faid that they all ftaid, and 
 that none retir’d into the Country, any more than 
 it can be faid of the Church Clergy, that they all 
 went away; neither did all thofe that went away, 
 go without fubftituting Curates, and others in their 
 Places, to do the Offices needful, and to vifit the 
 Sick, as far as it was. pra€ticable; fo that upon the 
 whole, an Allowance of Charity might have been 
 made on both Sides, and we fhould have confider’d, 
 that {uch a timeas this of 1665, isnot to be parallel’ 
 in Hiftory, and that it is not the ftouteft Courage 
 that will always fupport Men in fuch Cafes; I had 
 not faid. this, but had rather chofen to record 
 the Courage and religious Zeal of thofe of both 
 Sides, who did hazard themfelves for the Service of 
 the poor People in their Diftrefs, without remem- 
 bring that any fail’d in their Duty on either fide. 
 But the want of Temper among us, has made 
 the contrary to this neceflary ; fome that ftaid, not 
 only boafting too much of themfelves, but revil- 
 ing thofe that fled, branding them with Cowardice, 
 deterting their Flocks, and aéting the Part of the 
 Hirleing, andthe like : I recommend it to the Cha- 
 rity ofall good People to look back, and refleé& duly 
 upon the Terrors of the Time; and whoever does 
 fo willfee, that it is not an ordinary Strength that 
 cou’d fupport it, it was not like appearing in the 
 Head of an Army, or charging a Body of Horfe 
 inthe Field; but it was charging Death it felf 
 on 
 
 bs i 
 tly 
 ad fey 
 it lof 
 lw 
 a thof 
 tl, 
 "i 
 ‘tain 
 
the PLAGUE. 293 
 
 on his pale Horfe; to {tay was indeed to die, and it 
 could be efteemed nothing lef, efpecially as thirigs 
 appear’d at the latter End of Aygu/f; and the Be- 
 ginnitig of September, and as there was reafon to 
 expect them at that time; for no Mar expected, 
 and I dare fay, believed, that the Diftemper would 
 take fo fudden 4 Turn as it did, and fall immies 
 diately 2000 in a Week, when there was fuich 4 
 prodigious Numbet of People fick at that Time, 
 as it was known there was; arid then it was that 
 many fhifted away, that had flay’d moft of the time 
 before. 
 
 Befides, if God gave Strength to fomie more thar 
 to’ others, was it'to boaft of their Ability to abide 
 the Stroak, and upbraid thofe that had not the fame 
 Giftand Support, or ought: not they rather to have 
 been humble and thankful, if they’ were rendet’d 
 more ufeful than their Brethren ? 
 
 F think it ought to be recorded to the Hotiour of 
 fuch Men, as well Clergy as Phyficiatis, Sur- 
 geons, Apothecaries, Magiftrates and Officers of 
 every kind,as alfo all ufeful Peopleywho ventur’d theit 
 Lives in Difcharge of their Duty, as moft cer 
 taitily all fuch as ftay’d did to the laft Degree, 
 and feveral of all thefe Kinds’ did riot’ only venture 
 but lofe their Lives on that fad’ Occafion. 
 
 I was once making a Lift of all-fuch, 1 mean of 
 all'thofe Profeffions and Employments, who thus 
 died, as I call it, in the way of their Duty, but: it 
 
 was impoffible for a private Mati to come at 4 
 
 Certainty inthe Particilats ; I only remeimber, that 
 there died fixteen Clergy-men, two Aldetmen, five 
 Phyficians, thirteen Surgeons, within the City and 
 Liberties before the beginniig of September > Bat 
 this being, as I faid before, the great Crifis and Extre- 
 mity of theInfection, it can be no compleat Lift: As 
 to inferior People, I think there died fix arid Ser 
 
 T on- 
 
 aN 
 
a : 
 
 A 
 
 274 Memoirs Of 
 
 Conftables and Headboroughs in the two Parifhes of 
 Stepney and White-Chapel but I could not carry 
 my Lift on, for when the violent Rage of the Di- 
 ftemper in September came upon us, it drove usout 
 of all Meafures: Men did then no moredie by Tale at 
 and by Number, they might put out a Weekly 
 Bill, and call them feven or eight 'Thoufand, or 
 what they pleas’d; “tis certain they died by Heaps, 
 and were buried by Heaps, that is to fay without Ac- 
 
 count ; and if I might believe fome People, who uh 
 were more abroad and more conyerfant with thofe Vint 
 things than I, tho’ I was public enough for one aca 
 that had no more Bufinefs to do than I had, [ fay, Wt 
 if Imay believe them, there was not many lefs bu- Di 
 ried thofe firft three Weeks in September than 20000 ki 
 per Week ; however the others aver the Truth of tah 
 it, yet I rather chufe to keeptothe public Account; mal 
 
 feven and eight thoufand per Week is enough to 
 make good all that I have faid of the Terror of thofe Hd 
 
 Times; and it is much to the Satisfaction of me On 
 that write, as well as thofe that read, to be able to tO 
 fay, that every thing is fet down with Moderation, nol 
 and rather within Compafs than beyond it. Mio 
 
 Upon all thefe Accounts I fay I could with, when we 
 we were recover’d, our Conduét had been more Iu) 
 diftinguifh’d for Charity and Kindnefs in Remem- ‘me 
 brance of the paft Calamity, and not fo much a Wa t 
 valuing our felves upon our Boldnefs in ftaying, as trth 
 if all Men were Cowards that fly from the Hand lg 
 of God, or that thofe, who ftay, do not fometimes wt 
 owe their Courage to their Ignorance, and defpifing dent 
 the Hand of their Maker, which is a criminal kind ti 
 of Defperation, and not a true Courage. inoy 
 
 I cannot but leave it upon Record, that the Civil all 
 
 Officers, fuch as Conftables, Headboroughs, Lord Men 
 
 Mayor’s, and Sheriff’s-men, as alfo Parifh-Officers, Hof 
 
 whofe Bufinefs it was to take Charge of the Poor, Vac 
 did 
 
- Ss te 
 
 the PLAGUE. 273 
 
 did their Duties in general with as much Courage 
 as any, and perhaps with more, becaufe their Work 
 was. attended with more Hazards, atid lay more 
 among the Poor, who were more fubje@ to be in- 
 fected and ini the moft pitiful Plight when they were 
 taken with the Infection: But then it mutt bg ad- 
 ded too, thata great Number of them died, indeed it 
 was {carce poflible it fhould be otherwife. 
 
 I have not faid one Word here about the Phyfick 
 or Preparations that we ordinarily made ufe of on this 
 terrible Occafion, I mean we that went frequently 
 abroad up and down Street, as I did; much of this 
 was talk’d of in the Books and Bills of our Quack 
 Doétors, of whom I have faid enough already. 
 Tt may however be added, that the College of Phy- 
 ficians. were. daily publifhing feveral Preparations, 
 which they had confider’d of in the Procefs of their 
 Practice, and which being to be had in Print, I 
 avoid repeating them for that reafon. 
 
 One thing I could not help obferving; what be- 
 fell one of the Quacks, who publith’d that he had a 
 moft excellent Prefervative againft the Plague, which 
 whoever kept about them, fhould never be in- 
 fected, or liable to Infeétion; this Man, who we 
 may reafonably fuppofe, did not go abroad without 
 fome of this excellent Prefervative in his Pocket; yet 
 was taken by the Diftemper, and carry’d off in two 
 or three Days 
 
 Tam not of the Number of the Phyfic-Haters, 
 or Phyfic-Defpifers; on the contrary; I have often 
 mentioned the regard I had to the Diétates of my 
 particular Friend Dr. Heath; but yet.1 mmuft ac- 
 knowledge, I made uf of little or nothing, except 
 as I have obferv’d, to keep a Preparation of {trong 
 Scent to have ready, in cafe I met with-any thing 
 of offenfive Smells, or went too near any burying 
 Place, or dead Body. ; 
 
 T 2 Neither 
 
 oan 
 
" = | : 
 Hf d 
 
 ~ 
 476 MEMOIRS Of 
 Neither did I do, what I know fome did, ‘keep 
 
 the Spirits always high and hot with Cordials, and we 
 Wine, and fuch things, and which, as Lobferv’d, one Upor 
 learned Phyfician ufed himfelf fo much to, as that the J 
 he could not leave them off when the Infe&tion was Pow 
 quite gone, and fo became a Sot for all his Life As 
 after. Tow 
 I remembet, my Friend the Doétor us’d to fay, hare 
 that there wasa certain Set of Drugs andPreparations, a 
 which were all certainly good and ufefulin the cafe ba 
 of an Infeétion ; out of which, or with which, Phy- y 
 #00 ¥ 
 
 ficians might make an infinite Variety of Medicines, 
 as the Ringers. of Bells make feveral Hundred diffe- Veng 
 
 rent Rounds of Mufick by the changing and Or ito t 
 der of Sound but in fix Bells; and that all thefePrepara- alt 
 tions fhall be really very good ; therefore, faid he, Ido bat] 
 not wonder that fo vafta Throng of Medicines is of Beer 
 ffer'd in theprefent Calamity ; and almoftevery Phyfi« ify 
 cian prefcribes or prepares a different thing, as his Inept 
 Judgment or Experience guides him: but, fays fe 
 my Friend, let all the Pref{criptions of all the Phy- tpon 
 ficians in Lowdon be examined; and it will be found, ofthe 
 that they are all compounded of the fame things, Th 
 with fuch Variations only, as the particular Fancy pat’ 
 of the Doétor leads him to ; fo that, fays he, every vere 
 Man, judging a little of his own Conttitution and com 
 manner of his living, and Circumftances of ten 
 his being infeéted, may direct his own Medicines and 1 
 out of the ordinary Drugs and Preparations: tho 
 Only that, fays he, fome recommend one thing as I i 
 moft fovereign,and fome another; fome, fays he, the 4 
 think that Pill. Ruff. which is call’d itfelf the Anti- hp 
 peftilential Pill, is the beft Preparation that can be thot 
 made; others think, that Venice Treacle is fufficient toel 
 of it felf to refift the Contagion, and I, fays he, Mint 
 think as both thefe think, vz. that the laft is good and 
 to take beforehand to prevent it’, and the laft, if hii 
 touch’d, to expel it. According tothis Opinion. I tthe 
 
 k feveral the 
 
 — 
 
thee PLAGUE. es 4 
 
 feveral times took Venice Treacle and a found Sweat 
 upon it, and thought my felf as well fortified againft 
 the Infection as any one could be fortifyed by the 
 Power of Phyfic. 
 
 As for Quackeryand Mountebank, of which the 
 ‘Town was {fo full, I liftened to none of them, and 
 have obferv’d often fince with fome Wonder, that 
 for two Years after the Plague, I fearcely faw or 
 heard of one of them about Town. Some fancied 
 they were all {wept away in the Infeétion to a Man, 
 and were for calling it a particular Mark of God’s 
 Vengeance upon them, for leading the poor People 
 into the Pit of Deftruction, merely for the Lucre of 
 a little Money they got by them ; but I cannot go 
 that Length neither; that Abundance of them died 
 is certain, many of them came within the Reach 
 of my own Knowledge ; but that all of them were 
 fwept off I much queftion ; I believe rather, they 
 fled into the Country, and tryed their Praétices 
 upon the People there, who were in Apprehenfion 
 of the Infeétion, before it came among them. 
 
 This however is certain, not a Man of them ap- 
 pear’d for a great while in or about London ; there 
 were indeed feveral Doétors, who publithed Bills, re- 
 commending their feveral phyfical Preparations for 
 cleanfing the Body, as they call it, after the Plague, 
 and needful, as they faid, for fuch People to take, 
 who had been vifited and had been cur’d; whereas 
 I muft own, I believe that it was the Opinion of 
 the moft eminent Phyficians at that time, that the 
 Plague was itfelf a fufficient Purge; and that 
 thofe who efcaped the Infeétion needed no Phyfic 
 to cleanfe their Bodies of any other things : the 
 tunning Sores, the Tumors, (7c. which were broke 
 and kept opén by the Directions of the Phyficians, 
 having fufficiently cleanfed them and that all 
 other Diftempers and Caufes of Diftempers were 
 effectually carried off that Way; and as the Phy- 
 
 £3 ficians 
 
278 MEMOIRS of 
 
 ficians gave this as their Opinions, wherever they 
 
 came, the Quacks got little Bufinefs. 
 
 There were indeed feveral little Hurries, which 
 happen’d after the Decreafe of the Plague, and 
 which whether they were contriv’d to fright and 
 diforder the People, as fome imagin’d, I cannot 
 fay, but fometimes we were told the Plague would 
 return by fuch a Time; and the famous Solomon 
 Eagle the naked Quaker, I have mention’d, pro- 
 phefy’d evil Tidings every Day; and feveral others 
 telling us that London had not been fufficiently 
 {courg’d, and the forer and feverer Strokes were yet 
 behind ; had they ftop’d there, or had they defcen- 
 ded to Particulars, and told us that the City fhould 
 the next. Year be deftroyed by Fire ; then indeed, 
 when we had feen it come to pafs, we fhould not 
 have been to blame to have paid more than a com- 
 mon Refpeét to their Prophetick Spirits, at leaft 
 we fhould have wonder’d at them, and have been 
 more ferious in our Enquiries after the meaning 
 of it, and whence they had the Fore-knowledge: 
 But as they generally told us of a Relapfe into the 
 Plague, we have had no Concern fince that about 
 them; yet by thefe frequent Clamours, we were 
 all kept with fome kind of Apprehenfions con- 
 ftantly upon us, and if any died {uddenly, or if the 
 fpotted Fevers at any time increafed, we were pre- 
 fently alarm’d ; much more if the Number of the 
 Plague encreafed, for to the End of the Year, there 
 were always between 2 and 300 of the Plague; on 
 any of thefe Occafions, I fay, we were alarm’d 
 anew. 
 
 Thofe, who remember the City of London before 
 ‘the Fire, muft remember, that there was then no 
 fuch Place as that we now call Newgate-Market. 
 Rut that in the Middle of the Strect, which isnow 
 call’d Blow-bladder Street, and which had its Name 
 from the Butchers, who us’d to kill and drefs their 
 
 . Sheep 
 
” 
 dh} 
 
 the PLAGUE. 279 
 
 Sheep there; (and who it feems had a Cuftom to 
 blow up their Meat with Pipes to make it look 
 thicker and fatter than it was, and were punifh'd 
 there for it by the Lord Mayor) I fay, from the 
 End of the Street towards Newgate, there ftood two 
 long Rows of Shambles for tlte felling Meat. 
 
 It was in thofe Shambles, that two Perfons fal- 
 ling down dead, as they were buying Meat, gave 
 Rife to a Rumor that the Meat was all infeéted, 
 which tho’ it might affright the People, and {poil’d 
 the Market for two or three Days; yet it appear’d 
 plainly afterwards, that there was nothing of Truth 
 in the Suggeftion : But no Body can account for 
 the Poffeflion of Fear when it takes hold of the 
 Mind. 
 
 However it pleas’d God by the continuing of the 
 Winter Weather to reftore the Health of the Ci- 
 ty, that by February following, we reckon’d the 
 Diftemper quite ceas’d, and then we were not fo 
 eafily frighted again. 
 
 There was ftill a Queftion among the Learned,and 
 at firft it perplex’d the People a little, and that was, 
 in what manner to purge the Houfes and Goods, 
 where the Plague had been; and how to render 
 them habitable again, which had been left empty 
 during the time of the Plague; Abundance of Per- 
 fumes and Preparations were prefcrib’d by Phyfi- 
 cians, fome of one kind and fome of another, in 
 which the People, who liftened to them, put them- 
 felves to a great, and indeed in my Opinion, to an 
 unneceflary Expence; and the poorer People, who 
 only fet open their Windows Night and Day, burnt 
 Brimftone, Pitch, and Gun-powder and fuch things 
 in their Rooms, did as well as the beft; nay, the 
 eager People, who as I faid above, came Home in 
 haft and at all Hazards, found little or no Incon- 
 venience in their Houfes nor in the Goods, anddid 
 little or nothing to them. 
 
 T 4 How- 
 
 aN 
 
 SSeS Se eee 
 
 : 
 
 er : 
 
—A 
 280 MEMOIRS of 
 
 However, in general, prudent cautious People 
 did enter into fome Meafures for airing and {weet- 
 ning their Houfes, and burnt Perfumes, Incenfe, Ben- 
 jamin, Rozin, and Sulphur in the Rooms clofe fhut 
 up, and then let the Air carry it all out with a 
 Blaft of Gun-powder 3; others caufed large Fires to 
 be made all Day and all Night, for feveral Days and 
 Nights; by the fame Token, that two or three 
 were pleas’d to fet their Houfes on Fire, and {0 ef- 
 fe&tually fweetned them by burning them down to 
 the Ground ; as particularly one at Ratcliff, one in 
 Holbourn, and one at Weftminfier; befides two or 
 three that were fet on Fire, but the Fire was happily 
 got out again, before it went far enough to burn 
 down the Houfes ; and one Citizen’s Servant, I think 
 it was in Thames Street , carryed fo much Gun- 
 powder into his Mafter’s Houfe for clearing it of 
 the Infeétion, and managed it fo foolithly, that he 
 blew up part of the Roof of the Houfe. Butthe 
 Time was not fully come, that the City was to 
 be purg’d by Fire, nor was it far off; for within 
 Nine Months more I {aw it all lying in Afhes ; 
 when, as fome of our Quacking Philofophers pre- 
 tend, the Sceds of the Plague were entirely deftroy’d 
 and not before; a Notion tooridiculous to {peak of 
 here, finee, had the Seeds of the Plague remain’d 
 in the Houfes, not to be deftroyed bur by Fire, 
 how has it been, that they have not fince broken 
 out ? Seeing all thofe Buildings in the Suburbs and 
 Liberties, and in the great Parifhes of Stepney, W hite- 
 Chapel, Aldgate, Bifhopfeate, Shoreditch, Cripple 
 
 gate and St. Giles’s, where the Fire never came, and 
 where the Plague rag’d with the greateft Violence, 
 yemain ftill in the fame Condition they were in be- 
 é Fire. 
 But to leaye thefe things juft as I found them, it 
 was certain, that thofe People, who were more than 
 
 ordinarily 
 
thee PLAGUE. 281 
 
 ordinarily cautious of their Health, did take parti- 
 cular Direétions for what they called Seafoning of 
 their Houfes, and Abundance of coftly Things were 
 confum’d on that Account, which, I cannot but fay, 
 not only feafoned thofe Houfes, as they defir’d, but 
 fill’d the Air with very grateful and wholefome 
 Smells, which others had the Share of the Benefit 
 of, as well as thofe who were at the Expences of 
 them. 
 
 And yet after all, tho’ the Poor came to Town 
 very precipitantly, as I have faid, yet I muft fay, 
 the rich made no fuch Hafte; the Men of Bufinefs 
 indeed came up, but many of them did not bring 
 their Families to Town, till the Spring came on, 
 and that they faw Reafon to depend upon it, that 
 the Plague would not return. 
 
 The Court indeed came up foon after Chriftmas, 
 but the Nobility and Gentry, except fuch as de- 
 pended upon, and had Employment under the Ad» 
 miniftration, did not come fo foon. 
 
 I fhould have taken Notice here, that notwith- 
 flanding the Violence of the Plague in London and 
 in other Places, yet it was very obfervable, that ir 
 was never on Board the Fleet; and yet for fome 
 time there was a ftrange Prefs in the River, and 
 even in the Streets for Sea-Men to man the Fleet, 
 
 But it was in the Beginning of the Year, when the 
 
 Plague was fcarce begun, and not at all comedown 
 to that part of the City, where they ufually prefs 
 for Seamen; and tho’ a War with the Dutch was 
 hot at all grateful to the People at that time, andthe 
 Seamen went with a kind of Reluétancy into the 
 Service, and many complain’d of being drag’d inte 
 it by Force, yet it prov’d in the Event a ha 
 Violence to feveral of them, who had probably 
 perith’d in the general Calamity, and who after the 
 Summer Service was over, tho’ they had ras to 
 ament 
 
 (By 
 
' 
 
 = 
 282 MEMOIRS of 
 
 lament the Defolation of their Families, who, when 
 they came back, were many of them in their 
 Graves ; yet they had room to be thankful, that 
 they were carried out of the Reach of it, tho’ fo 
 much againft their Wills; we indeed had a hot 
 War with the Dutch that Year, and one very great 
 Engagement at Sea, in which the Dutch were 
 worfted; but we loft a great many Men andfome 
 Ships. But, as I obferv’d, the Plague was not in 
 the Fleet, and when they came to lay up the Ships 
 in the River, the violent part of it began to abate, 
 
 I would be glad, if I could clofe the Account of 
 this melancholy Year with fome particular Exam- 
 ples hiftorically; I mean of the Thankfulnefs to 
 God our Preferver for our being delivered from this 
 dreadful Calamity; certainly the Circumftances of 
 the Deliverance, as well as the terrible Enemy we 
 were delivered from, call’d upon the whole Nation 
 for it; the Circumftances of the Deliverance were 
 indeed very remarkable, as J have in part mention’d 
 already, and particularly the dreadfulCondition,which 
 we were allin, when we were, to the Surprize of 
 the whole Town, made joyful with the Hope ofa 
 Stop of the Infeétion. 
 
 Nothing, but the immediate Finger of God, no- 
 thing, but omnipotent Power could have done it; 
 the Contagion defpifed all Medicine, Death rag’d 
 
 in every Corner; and had it gone on as it did* “ 
 
 then, a few Weeks more would have clear’d the 
 Town of all, and every thing that hada Soul : Men 
 every where began to defpair, every Heart fail’d 
 them for Fear, People were made defperate thro’ the 
 Anguifh of their Souls, and the Terrors of Death 
 fat in the very Faces and Countenances of the 
 
 People. 
 In that very Moment, when we might very well 
 fay, Vain was the Help of Man; I fay in that very 
 Mament 
 
vi 
 
 — 
 the PLAGUE. 283 
 
 Moment it pleafed God, with amoft agreeable Sur- 
 rize, to caufe the Fury of it to abate, even of it felf, 
 
 , and the Malignity declining, as I have faid, tho’ in- 
 4, finite Numbers were fick, yet fewer died ; andthe 
 
 very firft Week’s Bill decreafed 1843, a vaft Num- 
 ber indeed ! 
 It is impoffible to exprefs the Change that ap- 
 ear’d in the very Countenances of the People, that 
 Thur [day Morning, when the Weekly Bill came out; it 
 might have been perceived in thei. Countenances, that 
 a fecret Surprize and Smile of Joy fat onevery Bodies 
 Face; they fhook one another by the Hands in the 
 Streets, who would hardly go onthe fame Side of the 
 Way with one another before ; where the Streets were 
 not too broad, they would open their Windows and 
 
 = call from one Houfe to another, and afk’d how 
 
 they did, and if they had heard the good News, 
 that the Plague was abated ; Some would return 
 when they faid good News, and afk, what good News ? 
 and when they anfwered, that the Plague was abat- 
 ed, and the Bills decreafed almoft 2000, they would 
 cry out, God be praifed ; and would weep aloud for 
 Joy, telling them they had heard nothing of it; and 
 fuch was the Joy of the People that it was as it 
 were Life to them from the Grave. I couldalmoft 
 fet down as many extravagant things done in the Ex- 
 cefS of their Joy, as of their Grief; but that would 
 be to leffen the Value of it. 
 
 I muft confefs my felfto have been very much dejec- 
 ted juft before this happen’d ; for the prodigious Num- 
 ber that were taken fick the Week or two before, 
 befides thofe that died, was fuch, and the Lamen- 
 tations were fo great every where, that a Man muft 
 have feemed to have aéted even againft his Reafon, 
 ifhe had fo much as expeéted to efcape; and as 
 there was hardly a Houfe, but mine, inall my Neigh- 
 bourhood,-but what was infected; fo had it gone on, 
 : it 
 
 - 
 
hetsent : ' 
 
 —— 
 
 284 MEMOIRS of 
 
 it would not have been long, that there would jc 
 have been any more Neighbours to be infected — sit 
 indeed it is hardly credible, what dreadful Havock My, | 
 the laft three Weeks had made, for if I might bes fii 
 lieve the Perfon, whofe Calculations I alwaysfound pha 
 very well grounded, there were not lefs than 30000 gd 
 People dead, and near 100 thoufand fallen fick in git 
 the three Weeks I {peak of; for the Number that iver 
 fickened was furprifing, indeed it was aftonifhing, [1 { 
 and thofe whofe Courage upheld them all thetime dito 
 before, funk under it now. the 
 
 In the Middle of their Diftrefs, when the Con- ght 
 dition of the City of London was fo truly calami- 4,40 
 tous, juft then it pleafed God, as it were, by hisime Se 
 mediate Hand to difarm this Enemy; the Poyfon (if 
 was taken out of the Sting, it was wonderful, even ing; 
 the Phyficians themfelves were furprized at it; poi 
 wherever they vifited, they found their Patients |, 
 better, either they had fweated kindly, or the Tu- Ty, 
 mours were broke, or the Carbuncles went down, yi 
 and the Inflammations round them chang’d Co- {jy , 
 lour, or the Fever was gone, or the violent Head- wen 
 ach was affwag’d, or fome good Symptom was in § tin 
 the Cafe; fo that in a few Days, every Body was \uts, 
 recovering, whole Families that were infected and ~y l 
 down, that had Minifters praying with them, and frog 
 expected Death every Hour, were revived and jy} 
 healed, and none died at all out of them. ba 
 
 Nor was this by any new Medicine found out, jy, 
 er new Method of Cure difcovered, or by i Ex- ng at 
 perience in the Operation, which the Phyficians Da 
 or Surgeons had attain’d to; but it was evidently 4 
 from the fecret invifible Hand of him, that had at 4," 
 firft fent this Difeafe asa Judgment upon us; and ihe ¢ 
 let the Atheiftic part of Mankind call my Saying ing 
 this what they pleafe, it isno Enthufiafm; it was |), 
 acknowledg’d at that time by all Mankind; the Dif 
 
 ealé 
 
thee PLAGUE. 28¢ 
 
 cafe was enervated, andits Malignity {fpent, and let it 
 
 roceed from whencefoever it will, let the Philo- 
 Boers fearch for Reafons in Natureto account for 
 it by, and labour as much as they will to leflenthe 
 Debt they owe to their Maker , thofe Phyficians, 
 who: had the leaft Share.of Religion in them, were 
 oblig’d to acknowledge that it. was all fupernatural, 
 that it wasextraordinary, andthat no Account could 
 be given of it. 
 
 ff I fhould fay, that this is a vifible Summons to 
 us all to Thanktfulnefs, efpecially we that wereun- 
 der the ‘Terror of its Increafe, perhaps it may be 
 thought by fome, after the Senle of the thing was 
 
 ‘ over, an officious canting of religious things, preach- 
 
 ing a Sermon inftead of writing a Hiftory, making 
 my felf a Teacher inftead of giving my Obfer-. 
 vations of thingas and this reftrainsme very much 
 from going on here, as I might otherwife do: But 
 if ten Leapers wene healed, and but one return’d' to 
 give Thanks, I defire to be as that one, and to be 
 thankful for my felf. 
 
 Nor will I. deny, but there were Abundance of 
 People who toall Appearance were very thankfulaé 
 that time ; fer their Mouths were ftop’d, eventhe 
 Mouths of thofe, whofe Hearts were not extraor- 
 dinary long affected with it: But the Impreflion;was 
 fo ftreng at that time, that it could nor be refitted, 
 no not by the worft of the People. 
 
 It was a common thing to mect People in the 
 Street, that were Strangers, and that we knew no- 
 thing at all of, exprefling their Surprize. Going 
 one Day thro’ d/dgate, and a pretty many People 
 being paffing and repaffing, there comes a Man 
 out of the Eind of the Minories, and looking a litrle 
 up the Street and down, he throws. his Hands 
 abroad, Lord, what an Alteration.is bere! Whyy 
 laft Week I came along here, and hardly any Body 
 
 was 
 
 =) 
 
= 
 M ie ' 
 
 =A 
 486 MEmMoOtRS of 
 
 was to be feen 3 another Man, I heard him, adds bul 
 to his Words, ’tis all wonderful, ’tis all a Dream: 
 Bleffed be God, fays a third Man, aud let us give 
 Thanks to him, for ’tis all his own doing: Hu. ao 
 man Help and human Skill was at an End. Thefe 
 were all Strangers to one another : But fuch Salus 
 tations as thefé were frequent in the Street every 
 Day ; and in Spight of a loofe Behaviour, the very 
 common People went along the Streets, giving God 
 Thanks for their Deliverance. 
 
 It was now, as I faid before, the People had caft off 
 all Apprehenfions, and that too faft; indeed we were 
 no more afraid now to pafs by a Man with a white 
 Cap upon his Head, or with a Cloth wrapt round 
 his Neck, or with his Leg limping, occafion’d by 
 the Sores in his Groyn, all which were frightful 
 to the laft Degree, but the Week before; butnow 
 the Street was full of them, and thefe poor reco- 
 vering Creatures, give them their Due, appear’d very 
 fenfible of their unexpected Deliverance; and [ 
 fhould wrong them very much, if I thould not ac- 
 knowledge, that I believe many of them were really 
 thankful; but I muft own, that for the Generality 
 of the People it might too juftly be faid of them, 
 as was faid of the Children of J/zel, after their be- 
 ing delivered from the Hoft of Pharaoh, when they 
 paffed the Red-Sea, and look’d back, and faw the 
 L£gyptians overwhelmed in the Water, viz. That 
 they J" bis Praife, but they foon forgot his 
 
 orks. 
 
 I can go no farther here, I fhould be counted 
 cenforious, anc perhaps unjuft, if I fhould enter 
 into the unpleafant Work of reflecting, whatever 
 Caufe there was for it, upon the Unthankfulnefs 
 and Return of all manner of WickednefS among Us; 
 which I was fo much an Eye-Witnef of my re 
 
 ” I fhal 
 
the PLAGUE. 287 
 
 I fhall conclude the Account of this calamitous Year 
 therefore with a coarfe but fincere Stanza of my 
 own, which I plac’d at the End of my ordinary 
 Memorandums, the fame Year they were written: 
 
 A. dreadful Plague in London was, 
 In the Year Sixty Five, 
 Which fwept an Hundred Thoufand Souls 
 
 Away; yet Takive! 
 
 > Sa 
 
 FINTS. 
 
- a — —- eee ee aes 
 a a en E 
 
: USEE UD 
 TRANSACTIONS 
 bye 
 PHILOSOPHY, 
 
 An id other for ts of 
 
 JLEARN ING, 
 
 For the Months of 
 
 4 | March and ee ite 
 ee if 
 & 
 
 22-424 4 rhe 
 44 yo 2 © ae eee 
 Lines 
 
 To be continu’d Monrtuty, as 
 : they Sell. 
 
 mn 
 
 LONDON: 
 Printed for BERNARD Linrort, at the 
 Crofs-Keys, between the two. Temple- 
 | Gates, in Fleetffreet 
 
 Price 1%. 
 
Prerace to the READER, 
 
 OY T is not doubted, but as thefe Ufeful 
 Tranfactions become more Publick they 
 will encourage worthy and ingenious 
 
 Perfons to fend in fuch Materials, as may 
 
 for the future contribute to the Good and 
 
 Welfare of their Native Country: 
 
 _ As to the prefent Tranfattions, it is to 
 be noted, that in the Eunuch’s Child, fuch 
 
 a Misfortune a&éually happen’d in England 
 
 as is reported there from Italy, of a young 
 
 Gentlewoman, who has Afted in the Play- 
 
 houfe for ber Diverfion, that was decei'd 
 
 by the Appearance of a Man, that is an 
 
 Eunuch, who was ambitious of a Nights 
 
 Lodging with her to no purpofe: The Mat- 
 
 ter 1s known both at Drury-lane and in the 
 
 Hay-market. 
 
 As for the Difcourfe of Tongues, it were 
 to be wifh'd, that Perfons would be more 
 communicative and forward to promote the 
 publick Good. * Nothing could be more ufe- 
 ful than a full and true Infpettion of Hu- 
 man Tongues, and therefore i is hop’d 
 that if any Perfons know themfelves to 
 be notorious Bufie-Bodies, Canters, Flat- 
 terers, Lyars, Tongue-Padds, Spokefmen , 
 
 A2 Rat- 
 
. 
 
 poe” 
 PREFACE to the READER. 
 
 Rattlers, Bouncers, &c. they wouldin theip 
 Wills beyueath sheir Tongues to be diffet- 
 ed, and view'd by the Microfeapes of the 
 U fof il Society, which would produce many 
 wonderful Phanotheha. i 
 
 As to the Mi grat 20m Of aS suckoo’s, vbere 
 mention is made of Angannidg: it 1s no new 
 Thing, but well known among the Ancients, 
 
 Panfaniac tells.us, That Parnaftos a Son of 
 
 the Nymph Gicod lora was the Inventor of it, 
 who likewife gave bis Name to. that Moun- 
 tain fo et by the Poets. That Mr. 
 Dp Urfey’ & Birds frould ; feem different from 
 thofe € common Ones th at fie about , Or arvein 
 Caste, is no new or wonderful Thins ; for 
 Sir Walter Raleigh, w he isan Author of 
 undoubted Credit, tels.us, That the com- 
 mon C row or Rook of Ind dia 1s full of Red 
 Feathers im the low Iflands of Coribana, and 
 the. Black-bird and i ‘bruh hath bis Fea- 
 xt with Black and Carnation in the 
 rts of Virginia: So thatred Crows 
 oks, and Carnation colour'd Ehruthes 
 and Black-bird: 
 ether part of the World, tho a Man woud 
 
 ; 
 Strangers to the 
 
 ec anter bere, fhould he men- 
 
 tion fuch Things wit ith out ut fo good an Autho- 
 rity as th at of ‘Sir W: il ter Ralei sh. 
 
 ‘The Trypal Veffels. mention d inthe efourth 
 
 Differ ‘tation are not to be flig dy bted, / Ce they 
 are fu ich Th iN, £S as qwhen nicely tofs’ d up in 
 a Ragoue, oft Cn fer Ve ad a Dif bh in the En- 
 
 tertainment of Princes. As 
 
PREFACE to the Reaper, 
 
 As to what concerns the Confecrated 
 Clouts, 1 muft aquaint the Reader, that I 
 lately received a Letter from Rome, con- 
 taining an Affair of great Importance, which 
 is, that whil/? bis Holinefs Pope Clement 
 was lately romaging the Ca/ile of St.Ange- 
 lo, for the Treafure of Sextus Quintus to 
 help to pay bis Taterdemallian Forces, who 
 had more Guitars than Hor{es or Mufquets, 
 he found in a Corner an old Cheft that had 
 lain moulding for many Ages, which being 
 open’ d with much ado, expeéting great Trea- 
 fure;, It prov'd to be aColleétion’of the Child- 
 bed-linnen provided for ber Holine[s Pope 
 Joan, fhe and her Child dying in the Pro- 
 ceffion, as Hiftory records, they were laid 
 up in cafe any future Infallibility fhou'd 
 have occafion to make ufe of them. There 
 were 3 Mantles, 6 Blankets, 6 Beds, 10 
 Night-caps, 8 Day-caps, 12 Biggins next the 
 Head, 12 Neckcloaths, a dozen and a balf 
 of Slobbering-bibs, 6 pair of Gloves, 6 pair of 
 Sleeves, feveral Stays, 4 Rollers, 8 Belly- 
 bands, and 10 Pilches. It was no unplea- 
 fant Sight to fee the Pope and the old Car- 
 dinals handling and poring upon this Child- 
 Bed Equipage, tho’ moft of them had paid 
 for feveral Sets for their Nieces and Ne 
 phews. There were ten doxen of extraor- 
 dinary large Diaper and Damafk Clouts, ana 
 there was a Memorandum tackd to ‘em, 
 that by a peculiar Santtity and Quality that 
 
 A 3 they 
 
 aN 
 
= 
 PREFACE to the READER, 
 
 they were endow'd with, they would caufed 
 
 great Afiringency when apply’d to Human 
 Pofteriors;, which being taken notice of by 
 
 Cardinal Trimalchini, he made this Ele« 
 
 gant Speech. 
 
 May it pleafe you Holy Father, 
 
 Thefe Clouts feem to have been the moft 
 ufeful Things that could have been difco- 
 ver'd in the prefent Circumftances of Ey 
 rope. We fee their Virtues have been tranf- 
 mitted down to us for many Ages. And 
 now we have the eteateft Occafion forthe 
 Tryal of them. I would defire therefore 
 that your Holinefs would be pleafed to 
 diftribute them in fuch Proportion as you 
 fhall think moft fitting amoneg{t the facred 
 Confiftory. For if the Germans make dai- 
 ly fuch Approaches towards Rome ; rattle 
 fo with their Drums, and thunder fo with 
 their Canon: I may be bold to fay, that 
 unlefs fome extraordinary Application is 
 made, we may all of us chance to be no 
 {weeter than we fhould be. 
 
 So far my Author. 
 
 I fhall detain my Reader no longer with 
 @ Preface, but leave him to gather what 
 Benefit he can from the enfuing Pages. 
 
| A Taste to the TranfaGions da 
 _ for January and February, 
 
 1. A, Effay on the Invention of Samplers, A 
 
 A communicated by Mrs. Judith Bagford, Bs 
 
 with an Account of ber Collections for the fame. BS 
 
 By Mrs. Arabella Manly, School-Miftrefs oe 
 at Hackney. | 
 
 Il. Some natural Obfervations made in the School 
 of Llandwwfwrhwy. By 2. P. during his 
 Refidence there. : 
 
 WI. An Effay proving by Arguments Philofophi- 
 cal, that Millers, tho’ falfly fo reputed, yet in 
 reality are not Thieves: With an intervening 
 Argument, that Taylors likewife are not fo- 
 
 In’ a Letter to Dr. Harborough frem Dr. 
 Williams, 
 
 IV. An Account of Books, in Letters to Dr. Lit- 
 tlebrand to Dr. Playford: With an Account 
 of Meurfius’s Treatife of the Grecian Games, Bt 
 
 V. An Account of Meurfius’s Book of the Plays Te 
 of the Grecian Boys, in a fecond Letter. 
 
 VI. A new Method to teach learned Men how to 
 write Unintelligibly: Being Collettions out of any 
 Softlinius a” Italian, Bardowlius and Bar- 
 docoxcombius, One Poet Laureat to K. Ludd, 
 the other to Q. Bonduca, Scornfenfius aa 
 Egyptian, ¢*c. Communicated by Mr. Loveit 
 to Mr. Lackit. 
 
 Tasrt to March and April. 
 
 trang 
 scene er hay 
 
 HE Exnuchs Child, with fome important 
 Queries, whether a Woman according to 
 Fuftice, and any Principles of Philofophy, a 
 3 q 
 
 = ik 
 
A Taste to March and April. 
 
 lay a Child to an Eunuch: As the Matter wag 
 argwd between the Church-Wardens of Santo *~ 
 Chry foftomo iz Ve enice, and the learned Acas 7 
 demy of the Curio! fi there e Occafion’ a by an 
 Accident of 1 that aah happenir ng to Seignior 
 Valentio Crimpaldi, Kyight of the Order of 
 the Caponi. 
 II. The Tongue. New Additions to Mr. Antho- 
 ny Van Leeuwe snhoeck’s Microfe opical Obfer- 
 vations upon the Tongue, and the White Mat- 
 ter on the Tongues of Feverifh. Perfons. In 
 which are foew'd the feveral Particles proper = 
 for Pratling Tatling , Pleading, Haran-  ,, 
 guing, Lyin g, Flattering, Scolding, and » 
 ather fuch like Occafions,  pbetnatiicanall by 
 Dr. Teity. | 
 fi. Migration of Cuckoo's. A Letter concern- 
 ing the Mi: gration of Cukoo’s, with their De- 
 firuttion of Eggs. And « general Remarks con- 
 cerning Birds- ‘Ne fts, with the : Speech of Birds, 
 communicated by Adr. Mart. Cheapum, AL A, ' 
 Pe, be9; 
 1V.. Some material Remarks upon Mr. Anthony 
 
 Van Leeuwenhoeck’s Microfcopicak Obfervar 
 tions on the Membra nes of the Tuteftines, and 
 other Trypal Vejfels, communicated by a Grave 
 Matron 12 Fie id: Lane, long accuftom d to Ex- 
 pertments of that Nature. hs 
 
 Y. dz Hiftorical and Chronological Account of 
 Confecrated Clouts, communicated by the a 
 genious and Learned Virtuofo, Seignior Gio- 
 vanni Barberini of Chelfognia ; occafion'a 
 by a Paffage in the Poft-Boy, that the Pope 
 bas lately made a Prefent of the fame Nature 
 to the Young Prince of Afturias. 
 
fumb, II. a 
 THE i 
 
 Eunuch’s Child. 
 
 Some important Queries, whether a Wo- 
 man according to ‘fu hi, and any Prin- 
 ciples of Philofophy, may lay a Child to 
 an Eunuch: As the Matter was argu d 
 between the Church-Wardens of Santo 
 Chryfoftomo in Venice, and the learned 
 Academy of the Curiofi there: Occa- 
 frond b by an Accident of that Nature bap- 
 pening to Seignior V alentio Crimpaldig 3 
 
 Knight of the Order of the Caponi. gt 
 
 SIR, 
 
 \ HERE happen’d not long ago in 
 
 Venice a remarkable Accident, 
 
 which has given occafion for ma- 
 
 ny Speculations. There was a young Wo- 
 man of creditable Parentage, only led a- 
 way by the Delufions of Youth, that came felt 
 and made Oath before Mr. Juttice Nani, nee 
 that fhe was with Child by the Sezgnior “leh 
 
 Valentio Crimpaldi, and detir'd his War- 
 : B rant 
 
 — if | 
 
Diffici 
 
 2721120 
 
 d them, That af the Ez- 
 
 bad Eunuchs for their Prime 
 
 ne of the Sid 
 
 ; Thy . 
 wuje tiey Would Reep their 
 J vs ri 
 
 F- L7 
 Was Impoilbile, 
 
 for fome ot 
 
 1ent 
 
 to. help im out 
 
. The Ennuch’s Child. : 3 
 i 
 The Hall was quickly full, and after 
 
 fome Arguments managed with much Ear- 
 neftnefs, the Venerable Sane Aerio by 
 his Mien of Gravity feem’d to command Si- 
 lence, and thus bégan. 
 
 “Tam altogether of Opinion, ‘that this 
 * Child is rightly laid to the Seignior Va- 
 “ lentio, notwithit: anding his‘being an Eu- 
 “‘nuch, and J ground my Opinion upon 
 ® “tire Experience I have of all forts of Ff 
 ‘ “ Auvia's, and what their Power is in the 
 | “ Productions of Nature. 
 
 Lo account for uncommon Phenomena’s Pb. Tranl. 
 may [eem very Difficult, yet give me leave », ss 
 to make fome Obfervations on former Fx- 
 periments of the like kind, which with Re- 
 marks on fome others lately made, ma zy it 
 ome meafure folve that Difficulty. 
 “ T take it, noble Sirs, that this Matter 
 “might happen ‘to’ proceed from the ve- 
 “hement Effluvia palling fromthe Body 
 “ of ‘Seignior Valentio. For °} cannot fee 
 * how fo lively Particles as he iscOmpos’d 
 “of fhould not fhew themfelves* more 
 than: W ax included in a Glafs} whofe Moti~ 
 on bas been ex per imented by the Approach of 
 a Finger near its Out-fide. 
 “The Words of the Author) if we 
 “may compare Inanimate ‘Things with 
 “Animate, are very Expreflive, andcome 
 » “up to the prefent ‘Purpole. : 
 
 B 2 Tt 
 
=a 3 
 The Eunuch’s Child. 
 
 Tt was obf ervable of the W, ax, that af- 
 ter the Motion and Beets of the Glafs 
 was contin d about three Minutes , and 
 
 en ceafing, th e Threads within fee’ d to 
 bang in a car elefs Confufion, and were not 
 infant INCOL tfly ervetle: 1, But in and about 
 three or four Seconds o of Time, they were 
 fo every way towards the Circe wh oe of 
 
 be Glafs, and gies ingly with fo much 
 pets ttnefs, that a Motion of the Glafs alone 
 vould give the em no great By: 
 
 But that which was the mo [urprizing, 
 was to fee a Motion given them by the 1 
 proac h of one’s Hand, Finger, or any othe 
 
 Body, at more th mm three Inches Biftane 
 from the ou itward Surface, notwithfianding 
 
 e Threads within touch’d not the Inward 
 One. And it was farther obfervable, that 
 after every Repetition of the Motion, and 
 the new Attrition of the Glafs, that th e Di- 
 fiance at which the Threads might be mov'd 
 feem’d to. be encreafed, and at another 
 time upon fudden clapping of fpr ead Hands 
 on the Pants, there has been fuch a vio- 
 lent Agitation. of the Threads within, as 
 was very furprizing, and continued fo fot 
 [ome time. 
 
 It feems that the Parts of the EFFLUu- 
 VIA are ftiff ‘and continued, that when any 
 part of them are pufbed, all chat are on the 
 fame Line [uffer the fame Diforder. 
 
 So 
 
The Eunuch’s Child. te 5 
 
 So allowing a Continuation of Parts, the 
 EFFLUVIA within and thofe without are 
 all of a Peice; for they are both begot by 
 the fame Attrition, that when the EFFLU- 
 VIA are pufh’d or difturb’d without, the 
 EFFLUVIA within in the fame Dire&ion 
 are fo too, and confequently the Threads 
 which are upbeld and diretted by them. 
 
 It feems deducible from many other Ar- pp. Trant, 
 guments of this Author, that the Figure of N*- 318. 
 the Parts of Glafs and Sealing-wax, are®*" 
 much alike, otherwife the EEFLUVIA of 
 one could not penetrate or nafs with fuch 
 eafe the Body of the other, and then a& as 
 if it was one and the fame with it. 
 
 “ | fhall leave the Application of what 
 “ J have faid to this Auguft and Learned 
 « Audience. As to the Vulgar, they know 
 “JT have always defpifed their common 
 « Sentiments. 
 
 When Seignior Aerio had decently dif- 
 pofed himfelf, up rofe Seignior Clappario, 
 whofe Velvet Cloak and Cane of Ebony 
 ingag’'d the Eyes of the Spectators to be 
 fix’d upon him: Who thus began. 
 
 “| altogether agree, Most NosLe 
 «“ Sras, with that illuftrious Perfon that 
 “ fpoke laft,'as to the whole Nature of 
 “< Efiuvias, and their admirable Effects in 
 all Produdions. “Then turning himfelf 
 “ about to the Knight, he faid, Mof? no- 
 * ble Seignior Valentio C rimpaldi, honour'd 
 
 s B 2 74 by 
 
 a) 
 
Ph. Tranf. 
 N° 314, 
 
 p- 69. 
 
 The Eunuchs Child. 
 
 “with the Dignity of the Caponi, By 
 «what 1 have heard from the Lady here, 
 you are the Father of this Child: Take 
 “it not, I befeech you, amifs; for the 
 « Excellency of your Voice has procur’d 
 “ you fufficient to provide for the help- 
 “Jefs Mother, and this lovely Infant, 
 “which will take away all Reproaches 
 “ caft upon your Order for the future, 
 “{ would not think the Effuvias_pro- 
 “ceeding from your Perfon fhould be of 
 lefs Value or Reputation, than thofe 
 “proceeding from the Artificial Phofpho- 
 “rus, or polifh’d Amber. If their Efflu- 
 vias can caufe Light, why may not your 
 more noble Ones do the fame. Give me 
 leave to inform this noble Audience, 
 “ and the World what I know concerning 
 “the Artificial Phofphorus. 
 
 You may remember my telling you, many 
 Years ago of my good Friend Mr. Boyle's 
 communicating to me about the Year, 1680. 
 iis tay of making the PHosPHoRuS with 
 Urine, At the fame Time defiring me to 
 ufe all my Endeavours to find out fomeo- 
 ther SubjeE from-whence it might be made 
 in greater Quaniii ‘y, and perbaps he might 
 have made. the like Requeft to many more. 
 For to ufe his own Words, he faid he really 
 pitty’d his Chymift, who was forced to eva- 
 porate Jo prodigious a Quantity of Urine, ta 
 get a very litile of the PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 Soon 
 
SS eee 
 
 The Eunuch’s Child. 
 
 Soon after in order to fee fome Experi- 
 ments in Chymifiry, I lodg"d for a {hort time 
 at his Chymift’s Houfe. One Mr. Bilgar 
 then living in Mary le Bow-ftreet, near 
 Piccadilley, who was indeed equally, if not 
 
 ? 
 
 _ more importunate with me than Mr: Boyle 
 
 to try if I could find out fome other Matter, 
 
 from which more might be made than from 
 
 Urine s Telling me there was fo great a 
 Demand for it, that it would be of very 
 great Advantage to him. 
 
 It being then a very bot Summer, I caus’d 
 a Piece of the dryd Matter im the Fields 
 where they empty the Houses oF Or- 
 FICE to.be digged up in which, when 
 broken in the Dark, a great number of fmall 
 Particles of Phofphorus appear'd. 
 
 This Matter J carry’d to Mr. Boyle, who 
 view'd it with great Satisfaction, and 
 Mr. Bilgar by his Direction fell to work 
 thereon. 
 
 You well know, Sir, that human Urine 
 and. Dung do plentifully abound with an 
 OLEOSUM AND COMMON * ALT, fo that 
 I take the ARTIFICIAL PHOSPHORUS to 
 be nothing elfe but that ANIMAL OLEO- 
 SUM coagulated with the Mineral Acid of. 
 Spirit of Sart: Which Coagulum is pre 
 ferved, and diffolv'd in Water, but accen- 
 ded by Air. 
 
 Thefe Confiderations made me conjetiure, 
 that Amber (which I take to be a Mine 
 
 B4 RAT. 
 
great Flaft D of Lig 
 
 The Eunuch’s Child. 
 
 RAL OLEOSUM ¢o% agulated x ith a Mineral 
 volatile Acid) might be a natural Poss 
 PHORUS. 
 
 So I fell to many E ixperiments upon it, 
 and at laft found that by GENTLY Rup. 
 BING 2 well polifh'd Piece of AMBER with 
 my Hand, in the Dark (which was the 
 Head of my Cane.) it produe’d a Light. 
 
 Whereupon I got a pretty large piece of 
 AMBER which I caufed to fn made LONG 
 and ‘TAPER, pe) drawing it gently thro’ 
 my Hand, being very dry, it afforded a 
 confiderable Light. 
 
 I then ufed many kinds of foft Animal 
 -peiewninsd and found none did fo well as 
 that of U ‘oll, And now new Phenomena of- 
 ferd the mfelves S for upon drawing the 
 Pie “ce of AMBE if pre bh the qwoollen 
 Cloath, and fat ee it p tty hard with 
 my Hopi: a prodig gious number of little 
 Cracklings were beard, soll every One of 
 thofe produg’d a little Flafh of Light. But 
 Ww ae the Amber was drawn gently and 
 flightly through the Cloath, it prod: wed a 
 LIGHT, “but no Crackling. But by holc 3 
 ones Finger at a little Diflance from the 
 Amber a large Crackling is produi’d witha 
 t fucceeding it, and 
 what to mets very jet prizAane upon its Lr- 
 
 uption it flrikes the Finger v ery fenpibly 
 wherever apply ‘d with a “Pf hb or Puff like 
 Wind, 
 
 tt 
 
 5 var 
 
The Eunuch’s Child. 
 
 Now I make no queftion, but upon ufing 
 a longer and larger piece of Amber, both 
 the Cracklings and Light would be much 
 greater, becaufe I never yet found any 
 Crackling from the Head of my Cane, al- 
 though ’tis a pretty large One. 
 
 Moft noble Gentlemen, 
 
 “You cannot imagine I fhould think 
 “ the Effiuvias of Seignior Valentio and this 
 “Lady lefs Productive of what is glori- 
 “ous than the Amber Head of my Cane, 
 “or thofe Ingredients with which Mr. 
 “ Bilgar made his Phofphorus. 
 
 He had fcarce made an end when an- 
 other Perfon of Diftin@ion rofe up with 
 a Letter in his Hand fent him by a Friend 
 from beyond Sea. “ | am happy, fays he, 
 “ moft noble Audience, that I have this 
 *« Minute receiv’d a Letter dated, March 
 “30. 1708. which will ftrengthen the O- 
 “ pinions of the worthy Perfons that {poke 
 “ before, will clear up the Credit of this 
 “ Lady, and fhew the Power which the 
 “ Effluvias of Seignior Valentio may have 
 “ in the Generation of this pretty Infant. 
 The Words of the Letter are thefe: From Ph. Trant 
 hence it is eafie to conclude that if nine or Seg 
 ten Atmofpheres of Air were condenfed ~~ 
 in the [pace of One, and to remain im that 
 State for a Year or two.. That when the 
 Veffel that contains them {hall become ex- 
 pofed open to the Air, fuch as very thin 
 
 Glafs 
 
 aN 
 
10 
 
 me Enuuch’s Child. 
 
 Glafs Bubbles, (fuppofing them not to be a- 
 bove five or fix times specific. ally heavier 
 than their like Bulk of common Air ) ’ gould 
 float on {ub. a Medium. which ional be 
 very furprizing to fee a Body Supported by 
 tbl Agent. But I am not sure of 
 this, for aa cannot tell but it may be a means 
 to render Air vifible. From whence fome 
 Difcoveries yay be made, which othe rivife 
 may beimpoffible to know. But let it bap- 
 en- bow it will (for Nature will have her 
 own Ways.) I doubt not but feveral ufeful 
 Inference s may be madé from fuch an Ex- 
 peri ment. 
 
 From whence I argue , that if nine 
 or ten Atmofpheres ; condenfed will raife 
 Things like Glafs Bubbles, if thefe will 
 float on a furprizi 12 Medium, and be fup- 
 ported by an invifible Agent : And if Na- 
 tore in all this will have her own Cc puri, 
 that then it may be concluded, that if 
 nine or ten blew Beans were put into a 
 blew Bladder.to- remain in’ that State for 
 a Year or two; and the Bladder contain- 
 ing them were every Minute fhook with 
 a Repetition of thefe Words, Ten blew 
 Beans in a Blew Bladder, yattle Blew 
 Beans, ratile. Blew Bladder, rattle Beans, 
 rattle Bladder, rattle, ‘Vhat byt his means 
 Sounds might becpme vifible, and that they 
 would be of a blew Colour; therefore 
 if ail thefe furprizing Inftances. are true 
 If} 
 
 an i 7727 
 
The Eunuch’s Child. 
 
 in Nature, why may not Seignior Valen- 
 tio, who is more than an invifible Agent, 
 nay, more Vifible than Air it felf, who 
 has a Coat of a blewith Colour, and Voice 
 more harmonious than the rattling of any 
 Beans whatfoever, be Father of this Child, 
 when there are fach pregnant Inftances for 
 it throughout all the Principles of Philo= 
 fophy ? 
 
 When he had {poke and was fet down; 
 there was an univerfal Silence amongtft 
 all the Audience, each gazing upon the 
 Mother, her Son, and Valentio;, who with 
 all rational Probability would foon be de- 
 clared a Father. 
 
 Some were ftruck with Admiration at 
 the Force of the Argument, others at the 
 Beauty of the Expreflion, but moft at the 
 Sagacity of the Perfons who had made 
 fuch ufeful Experiments. The Juftice was 
 extremely difcompofed; the Church-War- 
 dens were as much fatisfied, when on a 
 fudden a Gentlewoman appeared in a de- 
 cent Habit, with a Motherly fort of an 
 Afped, and prefling forward, defired fhe 
 might be heard in this Matter, as belie- 
 ving fhe could by one particular Inftance 
 anfwer all the Arguments juft now pro- 
 pofed by the Curio/. ; 
 
 ‘Says fhe, Moft noble Sirs, “Tam aWi- 
 “dow of fome Reputation in the Ward I 
 “ Jive in, for the good Offices I do upon 
 * many 
 
 SP PA os. 
 
 ee 
 
 iz 5 oS 
 
{2 
 
 ‘when out of the Ch sanaber r 
 
 Pa 
 
 The Eunuch’s Child. 
 
 many Occafions. I have .a Daughter 
 
 not yet twenty Years of Ase, not un- 
 band fie neither (if I may fo fay it, 
 tho’ not unlike her Mother ) fhe has 
 been twice a Widow, Heavens help her, 
 her firft Hufband was a Seaman; but 
 
 ‘ he being gone, and my Daughter aid I I 
 
 being lonely Women, we did not know 
 but he was as good as dead. ‘There 
 came a Perfon who made Addreffé s to 
 my Daughter, tho’ I gave him Encourage- 
 ment as to my felf: To be fhort, with 
 much Application, I gave them leave to 
 come pcm The Sache Pojfet was ea- 
 ten tea the Stocking thrown: Well, let 
 me tell you, the Thing that went to 
 
 Be ed with my Danghter was as likea 
 
 Man as ever you faw any Thing in the 
 verfal World. He kifs’d like any Chri- 
 ftian, and fung like an oie They 
 had not pailed half a quarter of an hour, 
 
 uns poor 
 Molley all im Tears, poor Soul. Lord 
 Mother! what have we got here? Sure 
 tis fome Spirit?’ Well, we were forced 
 
 fo 
 * to fay ti i Morning, and by Difcourfe 
 
 with my Neighbours J found that my 
 
 : tes. } ] 150 pte 
 ‘ Daughter had gone to Bed with Seignia 
 
 Giojeppe, One that it. leems came over to 
 fing in the Opera. 
 “ Now from mine and my Daughte 
 
 * Misfortune let other Perfons take heed, 
 
 nd 
 
 ce . 
 alig 
 
The Eunuch’s Child. 
 
 “ and efpecially, you Mr. Juftice in pro- 
 “ nouncing your Sentence; for my Daugh- 
 “ ter and I are both ready upon our Cor- 
 “ poral Oaths to fwear, that Seignior Viz- 
 “ lentio, being an Eunuch, could not get 
 “that Child, and fhe is a bafe Woman 
 “that lays it tohim. J know my Daugh- 
 “ter, poor Babe, has too much of my 
 “Blood in her to’ve run crying out of 
 “ Bed, if any Eunuch in Chriftendom had 
 “ been able to get her with Child. 
 
 The young Gentlewoman was by, and 
 
 dooking down made a Curtfey in Tefti- 
 
 mony of her Mother’s Affirmation. 
 
 This gave a new Turn to the whole 
 Affair, all were willing to believe the La- 
 dies; nor did the Juftice any longer de- 
 lay to give his Opinion, tho’ to pleafe the 
 Church-Wardens, he made fome Hefitati- 
 on, as that Seignior Valentio appeared as 
 much a Man as other People. _Whereup- 
 on to obviate that Objection, fteps out a 
 Perfon, and defired he might tell hima 
 Fable, and fuch a one as would fhew there 
 is, no Truft to Appearances, 
 
 “Sam Wills bad view’d Kate Bets,  [mi- 
 ling Lafs. 
 And for her pretty Mouth admir’d her 
 
 Face. 
 
 “ Kate had lik’d Sam, for Nofe of Roman 
 
 Size, ) 
 
 “ Not minding his Complexion or his Eyes. 
 “ They 
 
 13 
 
14 
 
 The Eunuch’s Child. 
 
 «They met fays Sam, alas to faythe 
 Truth " 
 “ I find my felf deceiv'd by that {mall Mouth] fe 
 
 * & Alas cries Kate, coud any one Suppofe, 
 
 “-F cou'd be fo decein'd by fuch a Nofel 
 “ But I henceforth fhall bold this Maxim 
 
 Juft, | 
 “ To have Experience firft and then'to trufh, | 
 During this Amufement, the Woman { 
 
 thought fit’ to march off with her Child, 
 and Seignior Valentio did not think it worth 4 
 4. 
 
 his while to ftay any longer in the a 4 
 
 fication of his Manhood. y 
 
is 
 
 THE 
 
 ITONGUE 
 
 New Additions to.Mr, Anthony Van Leeu- 
 wenhoeck’s Microfcopical  Obfervations 
 upon the Tongue, and the White Matter 
 on the Tongues of Feverifh Perfons. 
 
 Inwhich are {hew'd the feveral Particles 
 proper for Pratling, Tatling, Pleading, 
 Haranguing, Lying, Flattering, Scold- 
 ing, and other fuch like occafions. Com 
 municated by Dr. Tefty. 
 
 - Aving lately feen Mr. Leenmenhoeck’s Tranf. N°. 
 | Obfervations upon the Tongues of a 
 Feverifh Perfons, and finding them very 
 curious, and that be had taken care to 
 
 bave two Fevers, the former more violent 
 
 than the latter. I was ambitious likewife 
 
 to make fome Experiments, tho’ not being » 
 willing to venture’: my own Perfon, I de- 
 
 fired of a Wine Porter in the Neighbour- 
 
 hood, that when he fhould find it requi- 
 
 fite 
 
16 
 
 Ibid. 
 
 Thid. 
 
 Ibid. 
 
 fite to drink more than ufual, that he 
 would take a Pint or two of Brandyex- 4 
 traordinary, and to come to me the next «Jj 
 Morning without hawking or {pitting, and 
 as thirfty as he could poflibly ; and ac- i 
 cordingly, not failing, he fhould havea 
 fuitable Reward. ave 
 
 The next Morning he came, and being 
 defir'd to gape, w hich he could fcarce do, ia 
 I found his Lips almoft glewd up witha An 
 very black Sabtance, which being fepa- mu 
 rated, I found his Tongue covered witha W. 
 thick wh itifh Matter. Having no Pen-Knife fer 
 nor Silver Tongue-Scraper by me, 1 call’d al 
 for a large Cafe-Knife, with w hich Tmade he 
 my Butler gather firft the Black Matter — wm 
 off of his Lips, and then the White Furr [im 
 from his Tongue. My Man would have wi 
 put each of them into clean China Coffee- wi 
 Difhes,/ but I bid him fetch two new tu 
 white earthen Chamber-pots, and then af 
 ordering the Porter two full Potsof Drink, tk 
 I difmifs’d him, to haften to the Contem-  |t 
 plation of what I had before me. Bl 
 
 I bad my Man pour boiling Rain-water 
 into both the Veffels, to the Intent that bo 
 
 were glew the Particles together, might alk 
 thereby be Separated, that he might the ~ er 
 better obferve them. He told me, that he tk 
 faw divers Particles, that had the Figure 
 of Pears, Apples, Plumbs and Oranges; 
 
 Obfervations on the Tongue. 
 
 Vifcous or Slimy Matter, qwhich did ait — ho 
 
 but 
 
Obfervations on ihe acon 17 
 but that none of them had any part that 
 anfwered to a Stalk. All this I more rea- 
 dily believ’d, becaufe I knew his Wife to 
 be a Fruiterer: But whether this Pheno- 
 menon may riot be inlarg’d is a Queftion, 
 for I believe they may be agreeable to the 
 feveral Profeffions. Mr. Leeuwenboeck be- tbid. 
 lieved bis little fall Particles to be little 
 Scales of the outward Skin of the Tongue. 
 
 And thefe in all probabiliry would be 
 much harden’d and encreafed in a Fifh- 
 Wife, who has great neceflity for the Pre- 
 fervation of fo important a Member, efpe- 
 cially at Bilingfgate. Monfieur Leeuwen- p. 213: 
 hoeck in bis Matter found an unfpeakable 
 number of fall roundifh Particles about the 
 fame bignefs as the Globules of the Blood, 
 which caufe Rednefs. Now tho’ they were 
 
 not of a reddifh Colour, yet he imagin'd 
 them to be {mall divided Blood. Particles. 
 
 I afk’d my Man if he faw any fuch Parti- 
 
 cles, he faid he faw little white Things. 
 
 I told him, they were the Globules of the P.21t- 
 Blood that caufed Redne{s, but I could not 
 convince his Unphilofophical Ignorance, 
 
 how fuch Red and Bloody Globules 
 fhould ‘conftitute a white Subftance. I 
 
 afk’d, him if be faw an unfpeakable Num- p, 21% 
 ber of long Particles agreemg in length with 
 
 the Hair of a Man’s Beard, that bad not 
 
 been {haved in eight or ten Days. 
 
 . He 
 
 aN 
 
18 
 
 p. 213. 
 
 Obfervations on the Tongue. 
 
 He looking off from his. Microfcope 
 very faucily cry’d, “ how can J tell that 
 “Sir? Don’t fome Men’s Beards grow fa- 
 “ fter than other-fome >? I afk’d him if the 
 Particles were bright, he faid yes? And 
 that feveral were very like a bright Flame. 
 Thefe: I took to be fuch as Mr. Leeuwen- 
 boeck obferved, altho’ he did not take the 
 leaft Phyfick, or indeed any thing elfe but a 
 little Caudlé;' or a little Veal Broath with 
 fome Bread in it, | may attribute the 
 fhining of the Particles in my prefent In- 
 {tance to another Caufe; for my Wine- 
 Porter from his firft Attempt of ‘a Fever, 
 tll the quenching of his Thirft, took no 
 other Suftenance excepting burnt Bran- 
 dy. Therefore in this Matter I mutt difa- 
 gree with’ Monfieur Leeuwenboeck, that 
 ths white Matter is protruded out of the 
 Tongue, and no Evaporation or Coagula- 
 tion from the Intrails. For there féems to 
 me in this Cafe, that the Particles of Fire 
 were forced down by the great Quantity 
 of Liquid Particles of Brandy to the 
 lowermoft parts rails, and there 
 
 king by r of Coction,  caufed 
 
 > 
 c+ OD 
 
 4 
 ii 
 
 } 
 n Ebullitioi h naturally arifes with 
 
 Subftance, as in the Scum of 
 f and Bag-Pudding ,~ Arti- 
 
 ee ee ‘ 
 Choaks, Ss Heads, and Legs of 
 NA ae 
 
 iViUTCON, 
 
Obfervations on the Tongue. 
 
 Mr. Leeuwenhoeck did difcover. an un- 
 conceivable Number of exceeding fmall Ani- 
 malcula, and thofe of different forts, but 
 the greateit Number of them were of one 
 and the fame Sixe + and that moi of thefe 
 
 19 
 
 P+ 214 
 
 Animalcula randezvoussd in that part of 
 
 the Water where the faid Matter of bis 
 Longue lay. ‘This feems to me to let one 
 into a noble Phenomenon of Nature; for 
 I inquir’d of my Man if he didnot think 
 he faw that the Particles of the White 
 Matter were like Eggs, he told me yes; 
 and that he faw innumerable Serpents, 
 Kites, Ravens, Oftriches, Crocadils, and 
 fuch like fort of Creatures coming out of 
 ?em. From whence [ raifed this Philofo- 
 phical Reafon, why.drunken Men are fo 
 Quarelfome ; "for as I faid before, the Hot 
 Liquor throwing up an Evaporation or 
 Coagulation from “the Intrails > Raifes up 
 likewife an inconceivable’ Number of 
 thefe little Eggs; which being quickly 
 hatch’d there, as inan Egyptian Oven, put 
 the Patient to an extreme Torment, fo 
 that it is no wonder if Perfons fo tormen- 
 ted by thefe Animalcula, throw ’em out 
 at random, without any Fear, Wit, or fe- 
 rious Confideration, oftentimes. in very 
 opprobrious Language. 
 
 Mr. Leeuwenhoeck could do no greater 
 Service to the World, than to ftudy the 
 Figure, Quantity and Quality r of thefe Ani- 
 
 p. 213. 
 
 malcula: 
 
 a 
 
20 
 
 Ph. Tranf. 
 N*. 315. 
 p. III. 
 
 t j 
 Obferwations on the Tongue. 
 malcula randexvousing upon the Tongues 
 of all forts of Perfons in their feveral Cir- 
 cumftances 5. for 1 doubt not but they 
 
 would fhew the true Reafon of the For-. 
 
 mation of all Languages, and that they 
 would be like the Creatures that moft 
 abound in their refpective Countries. 
 
 After I bad fatisfied my felf concerning 
 that Matter which is found upon the 
 Longue, and which we call the Thrufh, I 
 let my Thoughts wander alittle farther up- 
 on the Confideration of the Tongue it felf, 
 in order, if it were poffible, that I might 
 difcover the Pores by which that Matter is 
 imbibed, which is afterwards protruded out 
 of the Tongue, for \take it, that by adue 
 Obfervation of the:Quality of the Parti- 
 cles, of which the ‘Tongue is compofed, 
 we may "give an Account of the feveral 
 Phanomena of the Voice and Speech that 
 is produced by it. 
 
 {am not infenfible that an ‘Articulate 
 Voice when diftin&: is produced by five 
 Organs, according to the Verfe. 
 
 Guttur lingua Palatum dentes ¢» duo 
 labra. 
 
 To found true Words, the Throat and 
 
 -s. Fongue muft go, 
 The Palate, Teeth, end the two Lips 
 alfo. 
 
 There 
 
Obfervations on the Tongue. 
 
 There may be very noble Obfervations 
 made concerning each: of thefe feveral Or- 
 gans. The Hebrew and Oriental Lan- 
 guages found muth from the Throat, 
 which fhow that they came more imme- 
 diately from the Heart; and as that is the 
 Seat of Life, fo their Sound is Command- 
 ing and Majeftick. Not much different 
 from them in that Refpec&t ‘are the Go- 
 thick and Saxon, andthe moft Ancient Bri- 
 tifh, which our Anceftors ufed, whilft 
 Honour, Truth and Juftice flourifh’d in 
 thefe Parts. 
 
 Of the Tongue I fhall {peak fomething 
 more largely immediately. . And for the 
 other four Organs I defign particular Dif- 
 fertations concerning em, The Palateor 
 Roof of the Mouth oftentimes by great 
 Colds will {well and fall down to a very 
 great Bignefs, and obftruct the Voice. To 
 help this, good Old Women, pitying the 
 Cafe of fuch as fhould be any ways hin- 
 der’d from fpeaking, by the help of A 
 bum Grecum and Honey, with their Thumb 
 replace the Glands by a gentle Attrition 
 into their due Pofitions. The Failure of 
 this Palate is often occafion’d by Love in 
 fuch Perfons who have felt more than 
 one of Cytherea’s Flames, then the Voice 
 is not altogether fo fonorous and pleafing 
 as it was; but thofe Perfons generally 
 
 make ufe of a fixth Organ the No/e, tho’ 
 C 3 often- 
 
 aN 
 
 2 
 
wo 
 bo 
 
 oftentimes, the Bridge of that failing, they 
 make ufe of a feventh Organ whichis} 
 
 ace? 
 Obfervations on the Tongue. 
 
 the Noftril. rt 
 The ‘Teeth are very neceflary Inftru- 
 ments, and contribute much to the Tem- 2 
 
 per a id g ood humour of Speech g Forwe ° 
 
 Nh 
 d by aged Perfons who ‘betnitiek Eden- 4 
 
 tulous or Toothlefs, that their Lips fal- a 
 ling in, and their Jaws being fomething 
 protru ided, they come to a certain Chinefe t 
 pron of Face, and toa Language fearce $ 
 p. 
 
 be underftood, which if it is, generally 
 
 ae: es peevifh. ny 
 
 The Lips are ufeful for Kiffing, aswell ta 
 as Speaking: Of thefe I defign a particu- 
 lar Account when I give an Abftra& of = @ 
 the Learned Kempius's Treatife De ( Ofeislo, — in 
 or of Kifling; and his particular Differta- 
 
 De Ofculo Fuda, or the Kifs of 
 
 ada ch 
 
 I communicated my Thoughts about the 
 Tongue to the Ingenious Mr. Trencher, th 
 who advifed me to take four diftn 
 Tongues, one of a Cow, another of anOx, ii 
 a third of a Hog, and a fourth of a Sheep. t 
 He order’d me to Boil the firft, and place 
 near to it an adjacent Udder upona Bed = 
 of Spinage, mollified with a fufficient 
 Quantity of frefh Butter. The Ox’s  ; 
 ‘Tongue he thought proper to Roaft, fay- 
 ing the Particles would appear better af- 
 ter a torrefying Evaporation. But he 
 
 {aid 
 
Obferwatious on the Tongue. 23 
 
 {aid Venifon Sauce would not be impro- 
 per to explicate the feveral Difcoveries he 
 refolv’d to make. He told me thatthe Hog’s 
 and Sheep’s Tongues might be got dry’d 
 in moft pav’d Allies. I invited him to 
 come the next Day about Noon, and that 
 all Things fhould be ready, and my Mi- 
 crofcopes in order. 
 
 He came according to his Promife, and 
 the Boil’d Tongue, Udder and Butter’d 
 Spinage were placd upon the Table as 
 preferib'd, I fet my felf to examine the 
 Skins of the fame, and particularly the Ex- 
 ternal Particles, that are upon the Thick- 
 nefs of the Tongue: And where, as I con- 
 ceive, is the Place that admits the Fuices 
 into the Tongue, by which that Senfation 
 is produced, which we call the Tafte 
 I feparated thofe aforefaid external Parti- 
 cles as well as I could, from thofe that lay 
 under them, and obferu’d that the latter, 
 that is to fay, the Internal were furnifl’d 
 with a very great Number of pointed Par- 
 ticles, the Tops of which for the moft part 
 were broken off, and remained flicking in 
 the outmoft Skin. When I plac’d one of 
 thofe internal Particles of the Tongue be- 
 fore aMicrofcope, it appear’d to me to be as 
 "twere a tranfparent Body, Something lar- 
 ger then a Thimble, as appears in the Cut 
 G. N*.1.2. Itold my Friend each mo- 
 ment what occurr’d to me; but he was 
 
 C4 fo 
 
 << 
 
 Ibid. 
 
24 
 
 al 
 
 - 
 
 oy 
 
 Obferwations on the Tongue. 
 
 fo intent upon his eating, that I was a- 
 fraid I fhould fcaree have Materials e- 
 nough wherewith to perform my Micro- 
 fcopical Obfervations. At laft, I per- 
 fuaded him to look upon a Part of the 
 ‘Tongue, which appeared to me ‘to have 
 a very great Refemblance of Thimbles: 
 Upon viewing with a Microfcope, fome of 
 the Tongue which is between the Protu- 
 berances, Tobferv'd that ’twas all over co- 
 ver'd with a great Number of rifing Round- 
 nefjes, as appears by the Figure, N°. B, 
 He immediately told me’ that the Repre- 
 fentation of Thimbles fhew’d, that it be- 
 long’d toa Female, and the Reprefentati- 
 on of Mountains, fhew’d the Country it 
 came from: From whence he concluded 
 that it was the Tongue of a Welfh Cow; 
 nd for farther Demonftration, he fhew’d 
 me Pen-Man-Maur, and Pen-Man-Rofs, as 
 delineated in the Figures 4, and D. He 
 explained to me, ‘that in the Figure G. 
 Ne, 2. I was muiftaken to think that the 
 ‘Tops oftheThimbles were broken off: For 
 he faid they were compleat tho without 
 a Top, as being Taylor’s Thimbles. From 
 whence he concluded, the Rationality of 
 that Sentence, that Taylors were fo con- 
 genial to the Feminine Sex, That Nine of 
 them muft. go to the Compofition’ of One 
 Man, Now, fays my Friend, if you pleafe 
 to take this little piece of Tongue and 
 view 
 
Obferwations on the Tongue. 25 
 
 view it with the Microfcope you'll find fe- 
 veral long Particles in it. In the mean 
 time [ will cut my felf another piece, 
 and demonftrate to you how I relifh or 
 tafte it. 
 
 You fee I fuppofe the aforementiond long ®- 113s 
 Particles, as in Figure Letter H. Now when 
 I prefs my Tongue againft the Roof of my 
 Mouth in order to tafte any Thing, thefe 
 long Particles, as numerous as the Grafs in 
 the Field, the Ends of which are exceed- 
 ing flender, prefs thro’ the uppermoft Skin, 
 which at that Place is very thins or to {peak 
 more properly, is indu’d with {mall Pores or 
 Holes, and fo receives a little Fuice, from 
 all which" proceeds fuch a fort of Senfation 
 which we call Tafte. When thefe Parti- 
 cles are fharp and meet with other fharp 
 Particles in the Thing that is chew’d, they 
 produce a Poignancy or Pungency, as in 
 eating of Sorrel and Tongue-Grafs: Mu- 
 {tard-Seed originally is Globular, and 
 would confequently roll over thefe Grafley 
 Particles of the Tongue, as a Bowling- 
 Green: But being contus’d in a Bowl by 
 
 an Iron Ball, it afflumes a fharp pointed 
 Figure, and confequently has that Poig- 
 nancy or Pungency which has occafion'd 
 the Epithet given it by Mr. Robinfon in 
 his learned Treatife, call’d QueGenus, of 
 Scelerata Sinapis, or as Horace in his Art 
 of Cookery exprefles it, The ~— 
 ar. 
 
 ae 
 
ibid. 
 
 — 
 Obfervations on the Tongue. 
 
 ftard dangerous to the Nofe, which ex- 
 plains the Phenomenon, that as the Nofe is 
 a fuppletory Organ to the Speech, fo it is 
 likewife to the Tafte. 
 
 When the Particles are more obtufe 
 and round, there is a fort of Glibnefs in 
 the Tafte, not without a Pleafantnefs in 
 the Deglution as in Sack-Poffet, Quaking- 
 Pudc ling, Oatmeal-Caudle, or the like. 
 
 As my Servant was bringing in the 
 Roafted Tongue I read to him. this Paflage 
 out of Mr. leven enboeck, 
 
 Sometime ago a certain Gentleman rela- 
 ted, as a very 7 shite tl Thing, that the 
 Ooten or Cows had their Tongues armed 
 with very fharp Partic sage But*l told him 
 ber: muft nece [aril ly be fo, be caule thofe 
 Beafts bad no Tee th in the upper Mouth or 
 am and therefore were forc’d to prefs 
 the Crofi with their Tongues againft the 
 Roofs of their Mouths, in order to break it 
 
 rith a very {mall Interrup- 
 tion of his “Se told me, he could not 
 asree with Mr: Leeuwe aloteh in that Po- 
 fition, that Oxen and Cowes had no Teeth 
 in thei upper Mouth or Jaw; for he af- 
 fur’d me, he had often feen them with- 
 out a Microfcope as lodging with a Gen- 
 tlew oman that bakes them Nie shtly. He 
 own'd that Oxen had their Tongues arm- 
 ed with very fharp Particles, and there- 
 
 upon 
 
\ 
 
 ‘iy 
 + 
 i] 
 
 ' 
 q 
 
 ¥ 
 
 Obf. ervations on the Tongue. 
 
 upon gave me a fmall bit of the Ox’s 
 Roaft ‘Tongue before him to view with 
 my Microfcope, which appear’d to me in 
 the Shape of the Figure defcrib’d under 
 the Letter E. Icomplain’d to him, that 
 the Particles were not fharp: He anfwer’d, 
 it was true, and that the Subfiding of 
 their Points was occafion’d in their Tor- 
 refaction by Defuation of the Globular 
 Particles of the Butter, with which it had 
 been bafted, which made it more Lufci- 
 ous to the Palate. ‘To confirm this, he 
 fhew’d me a furprizing Inftance. He cut 
 a very large piece of the Tongue, and in- 
 volving it in the Venifon Sauce, which 
 is compofed of fweet Ingredients. And 
 cutting off a very {mall Particle for me 
 to view with my Microfcope, I found 
 that the Vertue of that Sauce had made 
 all thofe pointed Particles to fubfide 
 leaving only fome Veftiges or Traces of 
 the fame inthe Middle, as in Letter F. and 
 three pointed and afpiring Pyramids, as 
 Numb. 2; 3,4. There being fome pointed 
 Particles, as Number 5,6, and 7. ftill re- 
 maining, which notwithftanding the Sua- 
 vity of the Sauce they may give a Pun- 
 gency to the Relifh. 
 
 27 
 
 I had caufed a Hog- Butcher to bring me ®-*'+ 
 
 at feveral Times divers Tongues of Hogs 
 and according to my Friend’s Advice laid 
 
 one dry’d before him, who immediately 
 cut- 
 
28 
 
 p. 115. 
 
 , 
 
 — 4 
 
 Obfervations on the Tongue. 
 
 citing off the outward Skin with all its 
 Protuberant Particles, He gave mea bit ft 
 of the faid Skin to contemplate with my L 
 Microfcope. He was going to eat a piece II 
 of the Tongne with fome Muftard, when Wl 
 very furprizingly and earneftly he calld =m 
 for fome Loaf-Sugar, which he ferap’d M 
 into it. Now, Sir, fays he, if you'll look 
 a little clofe, you will fee the abfolute A 
 Neceflity of fome moll ifying, aries. ye 
 and fmoothing Body, otherwife the tharp 4 
 pointed Particles of the Hog’s Tongue, @ 
 together with the Saline Particles, andthe 4 
 Fumous or Smoaky Particles, which it — V 
 contracted or acquired in its drying, 
 
 joynd to the acest and Poignant Par- 
 ticles of the Muftard, would too fharp- 
 4 pierce the Tongue, fo that aPer th 
 
 might as well eat athoufand of Pins W 
 
 or Needles in their Proportion, asave- 
 ry little bit of a Hog’s Tongue, unlefsas 1 
 I faid before it were mollified, dulcifiedor  $ 
 fmooth’d with Sugar. Then I looking = W 
 intently thro’ my Microfcope, with great ( 
 Wonder di ifcoverec la mighty Number of vé- ) 
 ry lender long Particles, which always run t 
 into a foarp” Point at the End, juft as t 
 Needles do appear to the naked Eye. Much d 
 in the Nature of thofe defcrib’d in Fig. i 
 H. N°. 1. 2. only thofe being of an Ox’s 
 Tongue appear’d like Pac} k-Needles, and 
 thefe of the Hog like Needles fit ‘for a 
 
 Nun’s 
 
- Obfervations on the Tongue. 
 
 Nun’s working of Point of Venice. My 
 Friend fcrap'd a few minute Particles of 
 Loaf-Sugar, upon a dimunitive bit of the 
 Hoe’s Tongue. | faw them immediately 
 
 29 
 
 fubfide, and bend as in Figure I. whofe p. 122: 
 
 inward Parts, as it were fhrunk inwards. 
 My Friend gave me feveral thin Slices cut 
 
 from the Tongue. The Phenomena of p- 121 
 
 Appearances, whereof were always various, 
 
 yea, fo much that I was quite aftonifbed at®: 12 
 
 it; and if I could but reprefent them to 
 any other Bodies Eyes in the fame manner 
 as I faw them my felf, they would cry out, 
 WHAT WONDERS ARE THESE. 
 
 From this wonderful Variety of the 
 Phenomena ¥ cannot fix any certain Con- 
 clufions, only this: That it feems that 
 the Tongues of Hogs being compofed of 
 fuch fharp Particles, and the Voice of the 
 Hog being partly fram’d by the Tongue. 
 There. is a fharp harfh or unpleafing 
 Sound which proceeds from that Animal, 
 which is call’d in a moderate Expreffion, 
 Grumbling or Growling, but more pro- 
 perly and Philofophically after an Onoma- 
 topoietical Formation, it is called Grun- 
 ting; from the Latine, Grumio, or Grun- 
 dio, to Grunt like a Swine, which Sound 
 fufficiently denotes the Nature of the 
 Beaft. Thefe fharp Particles of the Tongue 
 prefling upon the Palate of the Hog, (up- 
 on which I bave often firoak’d my Fingers 
 
 upwards 
 
 Po 116. 
 
39 
 
 p- 121. 
 
 p. 121. 
 
 ge” 
 Obfervations on the Tongue. 
 
 upwards and downwarc ds, but could pere 
 ceive no more Roughnefs than if Ihad been 
 feeling a piece of Vek ret ) pierce the Pa- 
 late fo as to wound it in many Places, of 
 which you have an Inftance in the Figure 
 C. reprefenting a very minute bit of a 
 Hog’s Palate wounded after a moft bar: 
 barous manner. This makes. it very: pain- 
 ful. and-uneafie for that Creature to. ex- 
 prefs it felf, and fo different from a Swan 
 in its dying Agonies: Since thére is no- 
 thing more harmonious ‘than the e lat Ac- 
 cents of the former, but of. the latter no- 
 thing more Difagreeable. 
 
 Thefe long Acicular fharp Particles are 
 not all 6 f them rot ak but each of them ie 
 fumes: | fuch a Figure as fuits heft tothe 
 others i which *tis join Yd, and fo a to 
 leave no Space nor Vacuity between them, 
 infomuch that I bave feen fome ¢ 0 of them that 
 were in a manner-of a Irian pul zy Fagure, 
 Hereupon I made a very curious and ufe- 
 ful Obfervation, being 1 refulved to know 
 how many of thefe | long flefh Particles, 
 or rather flefhy Mufcles might be con- 
 taind in an Inch, | confider’d that the 
 Diameter of one-of thefe little Mufcles of 
 Fleth does not exceed two Hairs breadth 
 of ones Head, and when we compute that 
 fix hundred Breadths of a@ Hair does not 
 exceed the Diameter of one Inch; it fol- 
 lows, that three hundred Diameters “of thefe 
 
 final 
 
Obfervations on the Tongue. 
 fmall Mufcles is but equal to the Diameter 
 
 of one Inch, and confeyuently then, that 
 
 ninety thoufand of the {aid {mall Mufcles of 
 Flefh make no more than the Thicknefs of 
 one Inch. ‘This fhows what a voracious 
 Creature Mankind is; who in a fmall: 
 piece of Tongue of no more than the 
 thicknefs of one Inch, can “chaw and 
 {wallow Mufcles of Flefh which compu- 
 ted by the Diameter of the Hair of one’s 
 Head amount to and equal a hundred and 
 eighty thoufand hairy Diameters, which 
 isa Sum prodigious. But more exact Cal- 
 culations of this, and many other Things 
 fhall be fully demonftrated in .a large 
 Treatife I intend concerning the Propor- 
 tionofa Hair’s Breadth,toaCow’s Thumb. 
 My Friend told me, that his Bufinefs 
 would not fuffer him to ftay very much 
 longer, yet ftill he was defirous that he 
 might Tafte, or I might infpe& into a 
 flice or two of the Sheep's Tongue, which 
 I had prepar’d for him. It was very 
 ftrange to fee the Difference of this Speci- 
 fick Creature’s Tongue, from that of the 
 Hog’s before-mention’d. “The very Figure 
 of it isas {mooth asthe Sound it pronoun- 
 ces, which we call Bleating from the 
 Greek Parnydouu, which neverthelefs in 
 my Opinion is more properly exprefs’d by 
 the Latin Word, Balo, Ba being the only 
 Sound that Sheep, which I have had the 
 5 Opportunity 
 
 / 
 
 31 
 
32 
 
 — e 
 Of. ervations on the Tongue. 
 
 Opportunity of knowing, ever make, tho’ 
 perhaps in feveral Tones,orNotes according 
 to their Sex, Age or Station. ‘That which 
 I can neareft reprefent it to, is a {mooth 
 bright fhining Strand newly left dry by 
 the Ebb, in which there {till remain ma- 
 ny Gulls of Water flowing down gently, 
 as appears in the whole Figure X. and this 
 Philofophically explains what feem’d be- 
 fore tobe only Metaphors, when we men- 
 tion Torrents, Floods and Streams of Elo- 
 quence, fince they are all naturally in- 
 herent in the Tongue, though they have 
 been improv’d by Ariftotle and Tully in 
 their Treatifes of -Rhetorick and Ora- 
 tory. 
 
 I then told my Friend, that by thefe 
 Speculations we might eafily fee the feve- 
 ral Ufes thefe various Particles might be 
 put to in the feveral Occurrences of 
 Man’s Life. I fhow’d him how the long 
 acute Particles of the Tongue, as de- 
 forib’d N°. H. were proper for Scolding, 
 Snarling, Griticifing, Slandering and Back- 
 biting. That the Particles, N°. J. had in 
 themfelves much of the Nature of the 
 former, and carry’d with them an equal 
 Poignancy, but could make their Sharp- 
 nefs bend it felf and comply as Occafion 
 might offer, fo as to produce the Effects of 
 Lying. TheFigure F. fets forth the Shape 
 of an Eternal Pratler or Tatler, who has 
 
 2 a mul- 
 
 5 
 
Obfervations on ihe Tongue. 
 
 & Multitude of thefe Particles, whofe 
 Sharpnefs is render’d obtufe or blunt by the 
 perpetual Ufe that is made of them. The 
 Fisure G: by the Multitude of its Thim- 
 bles, N°.3. fhows its felf to be Feminine, 
 and the fitft pointed Hillock, N°. 4. de- 
 notes Maundering; the fecond Protube- 
 rance, N°’. 5. imports fcolding, and the 
 third, N°.6. being forked demonftrates 
 Cuckoldom, which is likewife denoted by 
 the bottom of the Figure 4. tho’ there the 
 forked Particlés feem more conceal’d, as 
 being pethaps likely to be received with 
 greater Contentment, the Coronet at the 
 top denoting Riches and Preferment to be 
 gain'd by it. 
 
 TheFigure reprefented by the Letter F, 
 fhows the true Nature of Pleading and 
 Haranguing, the Streams of Eloquence 
 flowing from the Root in feveral Rivulets, 
 N°. 1. but terminating ftill.in a Poignancy 
 or Pungency, which is not ungrateful, but 
 rather tickles than offends the Ears of the 
 Audience, after a various manner, as in 
 
  N®%2. and 4. which are what are vulgar- 
 
 ly called Wipes or Girds, and N°. 3. which 
 is exttemie Sazyr. When thefe little Sharp- 
 neflesaré wholly remov'd, then it comes to 
 the Smoothnefs, which appears in the Fi- 
 sure Letter K. and is proper for Flattering, 
 whence all Things flow fo eafily, that 
 
 the Current is not to be refitted. I was 
 D pur- 
 
 ee 
 
 i a 
 mare Tet 
 
 Soper 
 ae 
 
 Herta aie 
 fae a4 Se 
 
 c= 
 
34 
 
 Obferwations on the. Tongue. 
 
 purfuing my Notions when -my Friend 
 being ‘Lhirfty with ‘eating his .dry’d 
 Tongues, calld firft for a Tankard of 
 {trong Ale, then for a/Bumper of Claret, 
 aud thenstaking up the Root of the Hog’s 
 Tongue which was almoft the only thing 
 he had left of all four of ’em:. He told 
 me, that he had often thought our Tafte 
 proceeds alone from the Tongue, but with. 
 in thefe, few Days be was of another Opi- 
 ‘wion , for when be view'd that part of the 
 Roof of the,Mouth, oppofite to the top of 
 thé Throat, where, the notch'd or jagged 
 
 ‘parisof the Hogs Tongue are desermin’d, he 
 
 jidged that that was the Place from whence 
 the Head did partly difcharge its felf, and 
 the Matter to be cat out which. comes in- 
 to the Mouth, without. its proceeding from 
 the Lungs, as alfo that there are a great 
 many Parts in it which receive the Matter 
 which ke: calls the Tafle. Then taking 
 another.,Glafs of Claret, he defird that 
 within two or three Days I would get 
 him-a Hog’s Head powder'd, roafted whole, 
 
 ‘ 
 
 | 
 : 
 
 | 
 4 
 
 :. 
 
 I 
 
 Idefind it-might be.on, Wednefiay, fort : i 
 
 was iopatient, and that, he having left 
 me.at prefent in fuch Uncertainties, in 
 the mean time | fhould continue Lafle- 
 
 lefi, 
 
 MI- 
 
MIGRATION 
 
 OF 
 
 - CUCKOO. 
 
 A Letter concerning the Migration of Cuc- 
 I koo’s, with their Deftruction of Eggs: 
 And general Remarks concerning Birds 
 Nefts, with the Speech of Birds. Com- 
 municated by Mr. Martin Cheapum. 1.4. 
 FU: S; 
 
 SIR, 
 
 Have often confider’d, that it would be ph Tranf. 
 
 neceflary for a Ufeful Society as we 
 are, to contemplate well the Migration, 
 that i is, the coming hither toa Place eve nat 
 we do. know: And the going thither to a 
 Place that we do not know, of that eele- 
 brated Bird. the Cuckoo. Ford conceive; 
 that the Knowledge of the Place of his 
 
 Habitation in Winter may conduce to th é 
 D 2 Dif 
 
36 
 
 Ibid. 
 
 $ 
 Migration of Cuckoo's. 
 Difcovery of a very pretty Phenomenoti. 
 The Bird has Prudence indeed, and 
 
 ads according to the Way of the World, . 
 
 To ftayin the Climate where he was well 
 receiv'd during the Continuation. of Pro- 
 fperity ; and then to leave his Benefaétors 
 amidit the Chilnefs and Storms of For- 
 tune, till fuch times as he believes they 
 have a frefh Supply for him to fpoil 
 them of. . 
 The Bufine[s I would humbly recommend 
 as, that the Members of the Ufeful Society 
 all over the Realm, would themfelves, or 
 
 procure their inquifitive Friends, to obferve . 
 
 and note down the very Day they firft fee or 
 hear of the Approach of that Migratory Bird 
 the Cuckoo. . 
 
 To promote this the more Effectually, 
 in my Judgment, it might not be impro- 
 per for the Secretaries of our Society to 
 fend circular Letters to all School-ina- 
 fters, School-mifftreffes, and to all Perfons 
 bearing a Rule and Authority over Youth, 
 that they give full Liberty and Leave to 
 them to go a Bird’s-nefting as often as the 
 faid Youth may think convenient: For, 
 by this Means they may arrive at greater 
 Knowledge and Preferment, than by al- 
 ways poring on their Books. The feve- 
 ral Obfervations which they make ought to 
 be communicated to the Society. 
 
 I would 
 
y 
 Migration of Cuckoo's. 37 
 
 I would have thefe Lads enjoyn’d to 
 
 | take notice what Day, what Hour, how jpiq, 
 the Wind fat when they found any: Birds- 
 Nefts, whofe Eggs had been fuck’d. For 
 ‘tis my Opinion the Cuckoo migrates hither 
 Jong before we generally hear it. And 
 knowing his Voice not to be of the clear- 
 eit or-moft pleafant, continues for fome- 
 time the fucking of raw Eggs, with an 
 intent to clear it. 
 
 . ° They fhould:likewife obferve what 
 Nefts it chufes to borrow to lay its Egg 
 
 | in; from whence we might probably make 
 
 - agood Guefs at the Commodities of the 
 
 | Countiy it comes from, whether fromward tia. 
 
 ) the Eaft, or any other Point. 3 
 
 Here is a noble Field of Contemplation 
 for Lads to ramble in.. Toconfider why 
 Fackdaws and Magpies differ in the Strus 
 Gure of their Habitations from Tomtits 
 and Screecb-Owles. Why fome Birds are 
 brought to Bed in Wooll, fome in Hair, 
 the Martins in Dirt, the Sparrows in 
 Thatch, and the Rooks on the tops of 
 Trees in Bruth-Faggots. 
 
 There is one thing which [ am forry I 
 have forgot, til] the Iynx or Wi ryneck juft 
 now come, has brought it to my ‘Thoughts. 
 This I take undoubtedly to be a Bird of Paf- 
 fage: The Wind has ftood SOUTHERLY Ibid. 
 to Day, WestERy yeflerday, KasTER- 
 
 Ly the preceding Day, and. the Day be- 
 D3 fore 
 
Migiation of Cuckoo's, 
 
 fore th: at. NoRTHERLY. So that we may 
 
 , be certauif be came to Day, ’twas from 
 thie Sombs 'if Yeftetday, from the Welt, 
 
 yf on Truely from the ‘Eait but if on 
 Monday; irom the North. Thus by fix- 
 ing the;T ime! of the Bird’s coming, toge- 
 
 ther with othe Change of the Weather. ° 
 
 Cock; and. the blowing of the Wind, we 
 may arrive: to. that Knowledge of Migra- 
 tion of Birds) which will amount to lit 
 tle lefs than a Demonftration. 
 
 Bup forsa fercber Sample, {hall annex my 
 
 Obfervations laft Tear. The Swallow came 
 March the 3 rf. making a great Outcry at 
 kis Approach, as if he fo ww fometbing firange. 
 
 I was then walking in’ my Garden in my. - 
 
 new SilkNisht-Gown, ahda Velvet-Cap. 
 At firft Tithought .he sight be furpriz’d 
 at feeing alors that Ha bit, as having left 
 mevnl aSoutf one: laft! Year, “But upon 
 farther fiftning to him, (being vers'd as J 
 fhall’ hereafter acquaint you inthe Lan- 
 guage of Bitds) the firlt Word: he {poke 
 diftindly was Szmmer, Summer. J fmil'd 
 to my felf, and faid; We Old Ones ar'nt 
 do be caught with Chaff Summer isa good 
 thing six rdeed, but if youd have me be- 
 lieve thet you 2 brought it, you fhou’d’nt 
 eome fingly. 
 
 Immediately after-in :great Confterna- 
 tion, he cry’d Swoak; Sinock, in my old 
 Lady Sparewell’s Kitchen Chimney, er 
 
 3 € 
 
 34% 
 
Migration of Cuckoo's. 39 
 he had feveral Years laft paft taken:up his 
 Summier’s Refidence. 
 
 The Sight was indeed, not only to the 
 
 poor Bird, ‘but likewife to my felf, unu- 
 
 fual° For it was but the Night before 
 I had buried the Lady, arid her Grandfon, 
 Jolly Sir Fobn was that Day got in Poflef- 
 fion of her Jointure. 
 
 April the rift, 1708.. The Iynx firft yel- P- 123- 
 ped bere, being’ a Day remarkable for fe- 
 veral wife Paflages. 
 
 April the 2d.° The Certhia or Creeper p. r24, 
 crept here. 
 
 April the 4th. I efpy’d the Ruticil/a or ibid. 
 Redftart blufhing here. 
 
 April the 5th. I faw the Martin and wel-*id. 
 com’d him as my’ Namefake. 
 
 April the 6th. The Nightingale firft fang rid, 
 with us. Butfhe fang the Day before at 
 a Ladys in the next Parifh, at a Vifit fhe 
 made there. , 
 
 April the 7th.» The Cuckoo I was told tbid: 
 qwas heard by Thomas Tatler, but he be- 
 ing a Perfon not of the brighteft Reputa- 
 tion, J could fearce believe it, till he had 
 made a voluntary Affirmation of it before’ 
 the Juftice. 
 
 April the 8th, I continued from before 
 Day break, till it was dark’ in-our home 
 Field waiting its coming, but without 
 Succefs, ‘ 
 
 D 4 Upon 
 
40 
 
 Thid 
 
 Tbid. 
 
 —" 
 
 Migration of Cuckoo's. 
 
 Upon the oth of April I heard it my felf tl 
 
 with, great Foy, and immediately ( being h 
 now a Widower ) I pluck’d off my Shove ti 
 to fee what pei Hair my next Wife D 
 would have, and found two Red ones, g 
 which gave me great SatisfaGtion,  accord- 
 ing to an Antient Receipt approved by a 
 
 many Experiments. 
 
 April the to, 11, 32,13, 14, 15, 16th, I 
 
 I fpent edch Day in doing the fame thing, 
 that is, harkning to the Cuckoo. 
 Apriithe 17th. I heard the Swiet or ] 
 
 Brack Martin /queeck in a hole at my J 
 Houfe, in which it bas quietly built for fe- 
 
 veral Years: ‘Tho’ I never srequir’d any t 
 thing for his Lodging. His Voicetold me, t 
 
 that he was fomething indifpofed by his 
 Journey. .That he hop’d Reft might do 
 him good. = wt being coldW eather, she did 
 not fly Abroad till fome Days after: When 
 the Swalow and Martin«eceiv’d him with 
 a. Regard-due to fo near’a Relation. 
 
 I don’t know that [ {pent a Month more 
 tomy Satisfaction thamthis upon the Re- 
 ception of; thefe my Migratory Acquain- 
 tance. 
 
 I know this Matter may feem New to 
 fome. But Mr. Randolph; a noted Au- 
 thor (whofe Plays and,Poems now bear 
 the Fifth Edition, in. his Amintas or Im- 
 polfible Dowry, p. 206. tells us, that Cuc 
 é00"s do prefage Conftancy, and then in- 
 
 — 
 
 troduces 
 
 ON. 
 
— a ——s ae UL” See Se oe 
 s Se 
 
 Migration of Cuckoo's. 
 
 troduces Mopfus, a learned Augur with 
 
 his Miftrefs Te/fylis, and his Brother 7o- 
 
 caflus,. Where he enumerates the feveral 
 
 Dialeés that the Birds ufe in their Lan- 
 uage. 
 
 Theftylis. Mopfus, where have you been 
 all this live long hour ? 
 
 Mop. Uhave been difcourfing with the 
 Birds. 
 
 Theft. Why, can the Birds {peak ? 
 
 Focaf?. In Fairy Land they can. I have 
 heard them chirp very good Greek and 
 Latin. 
 
 Mop. And our Birds talk far better than 
 they. A new-laid Egg of Sicily fhall out- 
 talk the braveft Parot in Oberon’s Utopia. 
 
 Theft. But what Language do they 
 {peak, Servant? 
 
 Mop. Several Languages, as Cawation, 
 Chirpation, Hootation, W biftleation, Crowa- 
 
 _ tion, Cacklebation, Shreekation, Hiffation, 
 
 Thef?. And Foolation? 
 
 Mop. No— that’s our Language, we 
 our felves {peak, that, that are the learned 
 Augurs, 
 
 The ingenious Mr. D’Urfey was fenfi- 
 ble of all this, and therefore to divert the 
 Town, has.in his Play, call'd, The Won- 
 ders of the Sun introducd the Kingdom.of 
 the Birds, with all their Croaking, Chatter 
 ing, and W bifpering Language. 
 
 5 It 
 
 AI 
 
42 
 
 — 
 Migration of Cuckoo's. 
 
 It is a piece | may venture to fay} that 
 excels any of his preceding Performances: 
 A Subject ‘fo elevated’, a Confiftency of 
 fo various Tmpofiibilities; Such a multi- 
 tude of Characters or Epifodes condiicing 
 to one fingle Defign, to which they feem 
 not to have the leaft'Coherence:' The 
 Languageof the whole; and particularly 
 the Eloquence of the Vice Roy in the Sun, 
 who ftutters. Gybberifh of the Author’s 
 own Compofing. 
 
 Keelin, Seelin, Dalley mazxzow, -gollin 
 bellin kendilango. ) 
 Garzxockta blowxin minger bounce, Pof- 
 
 flary gomon. 
 Wowla kan tigcan, wawla kan-r0o: 
 
 That Sat¥rical Genius which he thews 
 by*reprefenting Birds as High-fiiers and 
 
 Low-fliers fufficiently declare him a’ com: - 
 
 pleat Mafter of the Hwblematick and Co- 
 mick Opera. -° . . 
 He thews-is what Sports the Birds havé 
 in their Kingdom, ‘That the greatéft in 
 Office there: are moft Gay and divertive, 
 And Sir Pratler Parot, ‘Favaurite and Hi- 
 ftorian ‘to the King > “Aiid ‘Sir Owl Mon- 
 fer, the King’s Attorney General aremade 
 to’ dance ‘after the Freneb’ manner; ‘which 
 is extremely natural; becaufe they -are 
 both Low-fliers. 
 It 
 
 ? 
 
Migration of Cuckoo's. 43 
 
 It is obfervable, that all along whate- 
 ver occafion he may have for-his Birds. 
 He makes them preferve that Character 
 * there, which they bore heretofore in an- 
 » ~— other Place!» So, Sir Oliver continues his 
 | Paftime of Moufing. And Sir Pratler is 
 continually calling for his Sack, as being 
 
 allow’d him by: his Prince. 
 
 O rare Parrot; Parrot, Parrot's: a Bird for 
 
 » the King. 
 
 A Cup of Sack for Parrot, quick, quick; 
 quick. 
 
 His Genius:of the Black Bird, the Em- 
 | — blem of Joility and Contentment, affunis 
 ing a human Figure, ‘defcants on: his‘ own 
 Freedom and Happinefs in the Region of 
 the Sun, And fatyrically rallies on the 
 Vices of the Under World, -pitying us 
 Mortals. And chanting forth this moft 
 fublime. Pindarique. 
 
 Whilft in eternal Day, Terrep, Terrey, Rer-p.63. 
 ery, Rervey. 
 Hey—=Terrey, Terrey, fings the Black-Bird, 
 
 And what a World bave they. 
 
 Then after a comical Dance of Birds 
 and other Creatures is perform’d, he makes 
 the Nightingale finith the Sport im 4 
 Chorus, 
 
 f wis 
 
44 
 
 p: 69- 
 
 a 
 
 Migration of Cuckoo's. 
 
 Fug, Jug, Fug, Fug, Fug, Fug. 
 The "Jolley, Folley Philomel, 
 Upon the Haw-thorn fings, Ke, 
 
 But nothing is more pretty than his 
 Epilogue, where he makes Cits and La: 
 dies of his Starlings and Wagtales; Beaux 
 of his Woodcocks;, Smipes of his Low- 
 flyers, and Rooks and Hawks of his High 
 ones, To whom he joins Ducks and Geefe 
 for good Company. Cuckoos and Owls are 
 plac‘d i in the Galleries, and Swans fit ftil] 
 in the Boxes: Whereas, were they fwim- 
 ming in the Thames, there were feyeral 
 Perfons prefent, whom be need not name, 
 
 that would dive to pull of their Mourning 
 Sz cocking’, denoting that Swans have black 
 Feet. ’ 
 
 My Gravity would not give me leave 
 to go to fee the: Machines, nor Nature of 
 the Birds which Mr. D’U 'rfey had brought 
 upon the Stage, but got one Mr. Shford 
 to go thither ev ery time of its Perform- 
 ance, who comme Tate] y into the Coun- 
 trey gave e me the following Account. 
 
 He fays Jie was credibly ter 
 the Keeper of the Firft- Gallery; that 
 near adjoyning to the Backfide of a 
 Rofe-Tavern, and.contiguous to the, Play- 
 Houfe, there is 2 large. Neft, in whicha 
 fufficient Quantity of Turtle Doves, and 
 
 young Pullets are brought up by He,and 
 
 She 
 
Migration of Cuckoo's. 
 
 She Canary Birds to fervé Gentlemen ‘at 
 a Rate certain, not only in the Perform- 
 ance of thefe Hieroglyphical Opeta’s, but 
 likewife on many other ‘prefling Occa- 
 fions. 
 
 My. Friends: afk’d him if thefe Birds 
 were not Migratory, or kept to any one 
 Place more particular. He faid, that the 
 chiefeft of them were of the Migratory 
 Nature, often moving from the Ha- 
 Market to Drury-Lane, and from Dury- ° 
 Lane to the Hay-Market. — 
 
 He faid, they are at the firft much 
 dearer than Wheat-Ears, Pheafants with 
 Eggs, or Ortelans. Thefe at great Kx- 
 pences may be kept for a Year or two 
 without any Migration. But as their 
 Price grows lefs, fo their Wandring in- 
 creafes daily, and fometimes Numbers of 
 them pour themfelves down from Drury- 
 Lane, and the Neffs adjacent upon Covent 
 Garden, the Strand and Fleetflreet, where 
 they become Ambulatory and Noétiva- 
 gous. That as for their Ne/fs, it is ob- 
 
 fervable at their firft fitting, that they 
 
 make them in fine Chambers, over Down 
 and Feather-Beds. That they generally 
 advance up two pair of Stairs the next 
 Seafon, and may chance to neftle in the 
 Cock-loft at the Third; from whence of- 
 ten upon a North-cafterly Wind they mi- 
 grate into the Plantations; but that Be 
 
 as 
 
 \ 
 
46 Migration of Cuckoo's, 
 has obferved their Return from thenee not 
 to have been altogether fo certain, “ 
 I have defir'd my Friend to fearch far- — - 
 ther into the Nature of thefe Birds, which 
 as foon as the Particulars come to hand, 
 I thall communicate to the Publick. 
 
 em 
 
 Somé } 
 
Some Material 
 
 REMARKS 
 
 | Mr. Anthony Van Leeuwenboeck’s 
 
 '  Microfcopical Obfervations 
 ON THE 
 
 :) Memeranzs of the Inrestings, and 
 other Trypal VEssELs, commu- 
 nicated by a Grave Matron in 
 Field-Lane, long accuftom’d to 
 Experiments of that Nature. 
 
 ee ae 
 
 Field-Lane, April 20.1709 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Take the Liberty to acquaint your Ho- Ph. Trant- 
 
 Sa ~} 1 N°. 314. 
 nours, that Profefjor Slaughter came to 34 
 
 é « $3. 
 my Houfe, April7. telling més that he- bad 
 lately view’d through a Micro{cope a little 
 
 piece of Gut which he faid was part of 
 
 . the 
 
48 
 
 P- 57- 
 
 od 
 
 Remarks on Mr. Leewwenhoeck’s 
 
 the BowELs of a2 WOMAN: And having M 
 feparated a fmall Particle thereof from the , ™ 
 reft, be difcover'd in one of the thin Mem= be 
 branes, of whith for the moft part the Gur li 
 
 is compofed, a great Number of little Fi- fa 
 ve and Veffels which lay in great Multi- ve 
 over and acrofs each other : 5, as alfo 
 
 Jone Pighidet of Fat which lay like Bunches it 
 of Grapes on the faid Fibres. . He likewife ti 
 obferv’d, that about the Blood Veffels which te 
 he difcover’d fhut up as it were under the by 
 ae Membrane, a great many fat Par- BI 
 ticles | lying, from whence he concluded, that ha 
 the WomAN who was the OWNER there- by 
 of bad been very Fat. 1 made hima 
 Curtfey, and told him, I believ’d.the lit- a 
 tle piece of Gi tt at vietenk was the Proper- f 
 ty of his Ww orfhip; and that the Woman R 
 could not juftly be faid to be the Owner. : 
 Dhat by the Particles: of Fat he might B 
 rightly conclude the Woman had been ve- t 
 4 Fat: And that I agreed with him in i 
 
 that Opinion; adding farther, that fince I 
 thefe Particles of Fat lay like Bunches of Y 
 
 Grapes, It was very probable fhe had f 
 been the Buxom Wife of fome Hen-peck’d " 
 
 Vintner. It feems that Gentlewoman, ac- g 
 cording as~Mr. Profeffor Slaughter, ‘had { 
 the Goodnefs to tell me, dy’d fomething } 
 seg ately, and thereupon he j produc a ! 
 
 Differtations fuby liribed vith the 
 
 Name of Peter nents e in Latin, dated 
 1) eer 
 sVEArCdy 
 
y 
 
 Obfervations on the Trypal Veffels. 
 
 ~ March 12. from whence he explain’d to 
 
 ine, that the Woman to whom that Gut 
 belonged, had been bang’d, and that inher 
 Life-time fhe bad been troubled with the 
 Falling-ficknefs. He then laid down two 
 
 very extraordinary Maxims, viz. 
 
 49 
 
 That in fuch Perfons as are bang’d or P- 54 
 
 firangl'd, as this Woman was, the Circula- 
 
 ‘tion of the Blood is in a great Meafure in- 
 
 terrupted by the Rope. And this he prov'd 
 by innumerable Inftances of Perfons,whofe 
 Blood not only ftagnated, but whofe Breath 
 had been ftop’d, and their Necks broak 
 by that fatal Operation. 
 
 And Secondly, that there is a great 
 difference between a Dog that is hang’d 
 for worrying of Sheep, and a Thief that 
 is hane’d for ftealing of them, becaufe 
 there will be a much greater Protrufion of 
 Blood of that of a Rational Creature, than 
 
 that of a Beaft, and that the former has wid. 
 
 great Concern at that time, and difmal 
 
 Thoughts of approaching Death, upon ac- 
 
 count of the deferved Punifbment he under- 
 goes, none of which Things occur to Beafts, 
 who under thofe Circumftances are alto- 
 gether Thoughtlefs and Unapprehenfive; 
 fo that it is altogether untrue to fay of a 
 Man that is hang’d, that be dy'd like a 
 Dog, fince bis Blood has fo much greater 
 Protrufion. 
 
 BK And 
 
te] 
 
 p. 58. 
 
 Ibid. 
 
 Kemarks on Mr. Leeuwenhoeck’s 
 
 And Thirdly, that in any fuch Accidents 
 as hanging, bleeding is bighly neceffary im 
 order to give the Blood room enough for a 
 free Circulation, For we muft fuppofe that 
 a violent Protrufion or Expulfion of the. 
 Blood thro’ the Tunica’s of the Veffels 
 which would there coagulate, might be 
 
 occafion’d by the great and fudden Fright. 
 
 and Sorrow, which at that time Fack Ketch 
 might put the Criminal into. 
 To divert him a little from this melan- 
 choly Subjedt, I took a large piece of Dou- 
 ble Tripe out of the Kettle, and placing 
 it before him in a clean Difh with Mu- 
 ftard, Vinegar and Onion juft by, Ide- 
 fired him if he pleafed to diffec& and eat 
 of it, and that he was heartily welcome. 
 I told him, that’ at prefent this Tripe 
 belong’d to me, that it formerly had been 
 in the Pofleflion of an Ox, that it was 
 never troubled with the Falling-ficknefs till 
 it was knock’d down by the Butcher, that 
 he might the more eafily cut its Throat, 
 and in that manner it dy’d, as ¢ great ma- 
 ny other Animals lofe their Lives by the 
 fpilling of their Blood. ‘To this J attribu- 
 ted the delicate Whitenefs of my Tripe: 
 Whereas I believed I fhould have found 
 the Tunica’s or Coats of the fmall Veffels 
 extended, and the Blood Pbhiltrated thre 
 them lying dry in little Lumps upon the 
 extreme Membrane, in cafe the Ox had been 
 
 hang’d. 
 
’ 
 
 Obferwations on the Trypal Veffels. 51 
 
 hane’d. And J then fhew’d him how very 
 
 fat my Double-Tripe was; upon which 
 taking a Picture out of his Pocket, he 
 cry’d, Ob! in thefe fat Particles ave the p. 34: 
 Grapes exaétly, the Bunch on- 
 
 ly wants a Stalk. The Picture Rede? 3 A 
 he gave me, and according to _@mmtint hats 
 that Draught a Copy of it is 
 here delineated, as. Figure 
 A. Then looking upon the 
 fmooth Part of the Single- 
 Tripe, which was extremely 
 fleak and clean, he produces 
 another Pidture, which hedid 
 me the Honour likewife to give 
 Madam, fays be, accept gee 
 of this drawn by my own 
 Hand, from the Mem- 
 branes before-mention’d : 
 You fee the various Cre- 
 vices in it, as appears by 
 the Figure marked B, 
 
 me. 
 
 ne ge, 
 
 Jan 
 
 Froti the Crevices in the Harid the 
 learned have framed the Art of Palneftry 
 or Chyromancy ;, from the Wrinkles in the 
 Fore-head that of Metapofcopy; but the 
 moft noble of all is, that which the Ro- 
 mans uled, called Arufpicy or Extifpicy: 
 That great People when they facriticed, 
 
 E 2 caufed 
 
A if ——T 
 
 Remarks on Mr. Leeuwenhoeck’s 
 
 caufed fome of their nobleft Perfons to 
 open and view the Bowels and Entrails 
 of the Beafts , and thence to foretel things 
 likely to happen to the Commonwealth, 
 Now Madam, fays be, when you know 
 that an Ox is kill’d for a Lord Mayor, ora 
 Sheriff’s Feaft, it will be eafie for you to 
 get the Tripa] Parts, and thence to learn 
 what would be the Succefles of the Year 
 enfuing. Ifthe Blood fhould be protruded 
 fo as to ftagnate and lie coagulated upon the 
 outward Membranes, it would fignifie a 
 plentiful Seffions; and that in all Proba- 
 bility there would be decent Executions. 
 If the Colour of the Fat Particles thould 
 be very Bright and Yellow, it might de- 
 note, that Goldfmith’s-Hall would be a 
 proper Place for his Lordfhip to keep his 
 Mayoralty in: If the Figures fhould ap- 
 pear in the fhape of Grapes, as aforemen- 
 tion’d (Figure 4.) then Vintner's-Hall 
 would be moft proper for him. And if 
 the Crevices fhould appear Reticular, or 
 like a Net, then Fi/hmonger’s. 
 
 Upon this I thank’d Mr. Profe/for, and 
 told him, that hereafter I would make 
 my Obfervations upon the Intrails as they 
 came to me: That I was proud to think 
 that fo great a Nation as the Roman {hould 
 condefcend to be fkill’d in my Trade, and 
 that fhould make me more diligent for the 
 future: That at another time, if he 
 
 3 would 
 
Obfervations on the Trypal Veffels. §3 
 
 would do me the Honour of a Vifit, he 
 fhould fee the Crop of the Rand, and all 
 
 ’ the various Mazes of the Honey-comb- 
 : Tripe in Perfeétion, which by a Micro- 
 ‘ {cope could not but in his own Expreffion 
 
 ( appear We onderful. 
 
 Our farther Converfation was inter- 
 rupted by a Patient that came to the Pro- 
 le feffor; but when I fee him next, I doubt 
 : not but that I fhall have fomething new 
 
 era A 
 Be 9 5t i ¥ 0 
 
 to communicate to the Publick: In the 
 mean time, I hope your Honours will be- 
 i lieve me a Well-wither to Ufeful Experi- 
 J ments; and that I am with due Submif- 
 fjon, your Honours, &e. 
 
 sigs <3 OLS OE EE BR BE = 
 ” palin a =a 
 
 g 
 rr: 
 
 eR RE es eS RG ET Sa ER I 
 7 oe “CSR LEER PIG 
 
 7 A RE es 
 : ears i7 7° 
 
 ; E 3 AN 
 
A pe 
 
 AN 
 Hiftorical and Chronological 
 
 AS. ©: OWN FT 
 Gonsicdare, Ciours, 
 
 Communicated by the 
 
 Ingenious and Learned Vixtudfo 
 
 Seignior Giovanni Barberini 
 
 OF 
 
 CHELSOGNIA. 
 
 Occafion’d by 
 
 A Paffage in the Poft-Boy, that the Pore 
 has lately made a Prefent of the fame 
 Nature to the Young Prince of Afturias, 
 
 ' HO! fome modern Authors out of 
 Spleen and Prejudice, oppofe the 
 
 great Antiquity of Confecrated Clouts, 
 and would fink them dowa many Ages 
 e= 
 
i 
 
 Of Confecrated Clouts. 55 
 
 beneath their Ancient Date and Origi- 
 nal: Yet the Primitive Writers are not 
 filent on fo material a Point of Ecclefia- 
 {tical Hiftory, and we have fufficient Au- 
 thority to trace them as far backward as 
 the Middle of the Sixth Century from the 
 following Story. 
 
 When Boniface the Third was advan- 
 t ced to the Papal Chair, with a Fatherly 
 ~ Care and Piety becoming fo great a Pre- 
 late, he promoted his Relations and Na- 
 tural [fue to the moft eminent Stations 
 both in Church and State. One old Aunt 
 only was left unprovided for, who had 
 many Years lived a Semftrefs of Repute 
 under a Bulk in Rome: But it was now, 
 _ thought by his Holinefs not fo Honoura- 
 ble, that fhe fhould longer continue to 
 make Dowlas Shirts for Footmen, or vend 
 -coarfe Socks for the unfanétified Feet of 
 the Vulgar. The Young Princefs of Par- 
 ma being big with Child, Pope Boniface 
 was defired to do a Neighbourly Ottice, 
 and ftand Godfather to the Son and Heir 
 that about that time was expected into 
 the World. He being Frugal.in his Na- 
 ture, and knowing what a Heathenifh 
 Expence the Luxury of the Times had 
 run it up to in prefenting Goffips and 
 Midwifes, and giving to Nurfes, Cham- 
 bermaids and Butlers that in re- 
 turn for Lambfwooll, Cake and Groaning- 
 
 E 4 Cheefe— 
 
Bey it ~~ 
 
 56 
 
 Of Confecrated Clouts. 
 
 Cheefe—the Child muft have Prefents of 
 Silver Caudle-Cups, Porringers, Spoons and 
 Suck-Bottles, and thofe often with the addi- 
 tional Expence of Double-gilt. Having 
 therefore maturely confider’d thefeThings, 
 he very prudently makes an accurate Col- 
 lection of old Shirts, and orders his Sa- 
 gacious Aunt to transform them with her 
 utmoft Skill and Management into a Set 
 of Child-bed-linnen, which having recei- 
 ved the Grand Ceremony of his Holineffes 
 Benediction, with a plain, but decent Set 
 of Corral, Bells and Whiftle— the old La- 
 dy is fent Embaffadrefs extraordinary with 
 this Spiritual Prefent for the Carnal Po- 
 fteriors of his Young Parmzzan Highnefs. 
 To give the betterTurn to this new Mif- 
 fion, three or four old Women were laid in 
 at the firft Stage on the Road, that were 
 order’d to be mightily afflicted with the 
 Tooth-ach, but the Sandified Clouts were 
 apply’d with wonderful Succefs to their 
 luminous Cheeks, that by their primary 
 Inftitution were calculated only for the 
 blind ones of the future Prince of Parma. 
 They were received at Court with that 
 Excefs of Joy and Gratitude that fo un- 
 expected and furprizing a Bleffing defer- 
 ved, and as the confecrated Bundle promo- 
 ted the Bearer of them to an annual Pen. 
 fion, a. Coach and Six: So we muft do 
 them this [uftice to fay they proved wop- 
 | oT derfal 
 
Of Confecrated Clouts. 57 
 
 derful and infallible Prefervatives againft 
 i) all manner of Fits, Loofenefsand Rickets ; 
 i) they did the whole Bufinefs of Black Cher- 
 3] ry Water and Goddard's Drops, and when 
 
 compleatly foul’d, they did not require half 
 
 that Profufion of Soap-Suds that is necef- 
 i} fary to reftore common and unfanctified 
 hp. Clouts to a fecond Application. 
 i This whimfical Prefent from Old In- 
 e|  fallibility gain’d wonderful Credit and E- 
 é) fteem in the World, and a royal Confort 
 i no fooner began longing for Green Peasin 
 | December, and Ripe Cherries at Chriftmas, 
 { but the next Word was, my Dear I fhall 
 , never have a good Time of it unlefs you 
 i> get me a Bundle of Confecrated Clouts 5 
 I can’t but fancy I mifcarried the laft Time 
 for want of them: Why there’s.the Prin- 
 cefs of Parma could have them, I warrant 
 4) you, brought by his Holinefs’s own Aunt, 
 .| and a chopping Boy came tumbling out 
 after them — and fure my Dear, [am as 
 good as fhe, for my Father had a Crown 
 on his Head, when hers carry’d but a 
 Commiflion in his Pocket. In fhort, this 
 fort of Ware was fo much in Vogue, and 
 turn’d to fo good Account, that the Price 
 of 50000 Crowns was fet on them by the 
 Confiftory, and a Holy Laumber-Office ere&- 
 ed for the Benefit of Infants, Royal Com- 
 miffioners of the Child-Bed-Duty appoin- 
 
 ted, and a handfom yearly Income, by it 
 flow’d 
 
— 
 
 Of Confecrated Clouts. 
 
 flow’d into the Pope’s Exchequer. And 
 from that time forward from the Mighty 
 Emperours of the Fa/t and Weft; down to 
 the Kings of the Ifle of Man, the German 
 Princes, and the innumerable Monarchs 
 of North and: South Wales, they wereall 
 furnifh’d from the Holy-Clout-Office ata 
 {tated Rate, from the Whiftle and Suck- 
 Bottle down to the Go-Cart and Leading- 
 Strings. 
 
 For the Two fucceeding Centuries this 
 continued.a moft confiderable and flourith- 
 ing Branch of the Revenue of the Papal 
 Chair, but then unfortunately came on that 
 long, bloody and expenfive War, known 
 by the Name of Holy,. which impoverith- 
 ed our Chriftian Kings and Princes to that 
 Degree, and reduced their JIluftrious Fa- 
 milies to that low Ebb of Cafh, and want 
 of the Ready, that for the Space almoft 
 of three following Ages our European 
 Queens were forced to ruf on Tick for 
 Baby-Cloaths, and take in every Rag from 
 Rome onthe Strength of Royal Credit. To 
 remedy thefe grand Inconveniencies, and 
 fecure the mighty Sums that Monarchy 
 ftood ingag’d for to the Apoffoli k Cham- 
 ber for Swadling-Clouts, a large and fub- 
 ftantial Vellum Shop-Book was order’d in- 
 to the Audit-Houfe, and a Commiffion of 
 a Fore-Man and two Clarks erected, for 
 
 the fending out of Bills, and writing dun- 
 ning 
 
et ee oe i ee ee — ek — aa 3 = = = at — a = as 
 —- - Se ee ee oe Ss” Se = &- 
 ae a ent seine 
 
 wanes es - 
 
 Of Confecrated Clouts. 
 
 ning Letters to all Chriftian Emperours, 
 Kings and Princes. 
 
 And this (fays my compaffionate Au- 
 thor, like a good Catholick.) was that 
 unhappy Age, when the great Debts and 
 Neceilities of our Holy Mother Church put 
 her Firft upon fophifticating her good 
 Staple-Ware, and debafing her vendible 
 Commodities that fhe had hitherto ma- 
 nag’d with great Profit, Credit, and Re- 
 putation. .But now like a decaying Cit, 
 fhe began to put off Counterfeit Coral for 
 Good, her Bel/s, Suck-Bottles, and. W biftles 
 were not Sterling, and wanted Weight as 
 well as the Hal-Mark; fhe’d fell you Go- 
 Carts and Rattles for New that were but 
 Second-hand, and on her honeft pontifi- 
 cal Word recommend to you Dowlas, Lo- 
 crum, or Kenting Swadling-bands for fu- 
 perfine Holland and Cambrick of the beft, 
 By which Means, Cuftom fell ftrangely 
 off, and fhe loft the Bufinefs of many 
 good and fubftantial Families. 
 
 About the latter end of the Thirteenth, 
 or beginning of the Fourteenth Century, 
 out comes Pope Leo with a thundering 
 Bull in the Nature of a Commijfion of 
 Bankrupt againft the Houfe of Aujfiria, 
 eight crown’d Heads, and three hun- 
 dred German and Italian Princes, for vaft 
 Sums of Money and long Arrears. due to 
 the Holy-Clout-Office and Chamber of Ac- 
 
 : counts. 
 
 es ee aes terion eesti == 
 # , Brep 
 
60 
 
 —— 
 
 Of Confecrated Clouts. 
 
 counts, Commiflioners were appointed to 
 mect twice a Week at the Triple-Key-Ta- 
 vern in the Flaminian Way, and a compe- 
 tent number of Anathemas in the Nature 
 
 of Spiritual Catch-Poles were diredly if- 
 
 fued out againft all that fhould refufe to 
 come in, and difcharge their refpective In- 
 cumbrances, or give Bond and Security to 
 the Satisfaction of the Court. 
 
 But after many Delays and Remon- 
 ftrances againft fo publick a Grievance, a 
 Compofition was agreed on of five Shil- 
 lings in the Pound, and a longer Time al- 
 Jow’d for paying off the old Scores and 
 clearing the Debt. And to prevent all In- 
 conveniencies of this Nature for the fu- 
 ture, and for the better Incouragement of 
 Cuftomers to bring ready Money, and get 
 good Penny-worths, the Price of a com- 
 pleat Set of Baby-Clouts, and all necefflary 
 Equipments fit for Infants, was funk down 
 from 50000 to 19000 Crowns, but then 
 it was all clear Gain, you found your own 
 Materials, and pay'd only for the Ceremo- 
 ny and Benediction. This Order of the 
 Confiftory was publifh’d with a x N. B. 
 No Goods deliver’d without the Money dowp 
 or fufficient Security given. 
 
 Inthis State of fair Barter and Sale this 
 Matter continued till towards the latter 
 end of the Sixteenth Century, and then we 
 find by the publick Regifter and a 
 
as re 
 
 Of Confecrated Clouts. 
 
 of the Apoffolick Chamber, that the Price 
 was beat down, 2000 Crowns, and a Mort- 
 gage of Plate and Jewels accepted for the 
 remaining Sum on the Deficiency of reas 
 
 * dy Cath. For the good old Dowager of 
 
 Modena, Anno 1688. being defirous to E- 
 quip her young Grandfon, his Welch High- 
 nefs’s Pofteriors with a choice Set of Holy 
 Catholick Clouts, and being a good Mar- 
 ket-Woman and hard Bargainer, fhe pro- 
 cured a compleat Equipage confifting of 
 Mantle, Swathe, Clouts and Whiftle, &c. 
 for the Sum of 8000 Crowns: ‘Tho’ it is 
 reported by feveral creditable Authors, 
 that his Holinefs at the fame time made a 
 
 folemn Proteftation he was a lofer by the © 
 
 Bargain, and that he would not have funk 
 the Price fo manifeftly to the Prejudice of 
 the publick Revenue: Was it not in hopes 
 of Ingaging the Cuftom of the Family of 
 D’Efi, and having the Honour of ferving 
 England fox the future, that on fome lit- 
 tle Difguft had laid out their Money at 
 other Shops for near two Ages. But the 
 old Lady not having the whole Sum by 
 her, and the Pope little Faith, fhe was 
 forced to fend into Limbo the great Gilt 
 Bafon and Ewer that graced the Side-boara 
 on Coronations, Rinaldo’s old Goblet, her 
 Earings, Croflet and Necklace to her very 
 
 Silver Tea Pot and Gold Spoons. 
 
 Having 
 
62 
 
 — 
 
 Of Confecrated Clouts. 
 
 Having thus given youan Hiftorical and 
 Chronological Account of the Origin and 
 Growth of Confecrated Clouts, and of the 
 different Fate and Succefé that has attends 
 ed them thro’ fo many Ages, viz. from 
 the Sixth to the Seventeenth Century: It 
 may not be improper in this Place to tell 
 you how Authors differ on this Subje@. 
 There are not wanting Men’of Learning 
 and Charaéter that afirm Pope Foan was 
 the firft Inftitutor of this Ceremony, and 
 invented thefe confecrated Prefents as Re 
 wards for the Nurfes and Midwifes that 
 attended and deliver’d her of three or four 
 Nephews, it being contriv’d for their Be 
 nefit, that other Crown’d Heads fhould 
 pay for her Lyings-in. Perhaps you may 
 be furpriz’d at the Expreflion of being des 
 liver’d of a Nephew, but that is a peculiar 
 Privilege the Pope referves to himfelf, 
 Jet his Children be never fo many, yet the 
 Moment he is promoted to the Chair, they 
 ceafe to be Sons and Daughters like the 
 common Offspring of the World; but 
 commence Nephews and Neices from the 
 very Hour of his Exaltation. 
 
 I might here likewife mention a Schifm 
 that crept into the Clout-Office about the 
 Ninth Century, occafion’d by Starchanelli 
 the Pope’s Landrefs counterfeiting the 
 Goods, and vending falfe Ware to feveral 
 iljuftrious Families: But the was condem- 
 
 3 ned 
 
Of Con{ecrated Cloutss 
 
 | ned by a general Council for her Crime 
 | with a fevere Sentence, and afterwards 
 owing Penitent, fhe turn’d Camp Lan- 
 drefs, went to the Holy War, and wafh’d 
 if Foot Soldiers that had Shirts out of Love 
 y) and Charity. 
 ' And now, Sir, perhaps you'll afk me 
 yi the Ufe and Application of this Difcourfe! 
 wy which when -you hear, may be very fur- 
 | prizing and out of the Way: When I tell 
 f* you it is to prove the Title of Charles the 
 Third to the Crown of Spain, to demon- 
 ftrate his being the Rightful and Lawful 
 Prince, and that the Duke of Anjou has 
 no Pretence to, and is only an Ufurper of 
 the Catholick Throne. 
 And this I fhall prove from a Para- 
 graph ina late Poft-Boy now to be feen 
 - in my Repofitory, that his. Holinefs has 
 w= made a Prefent and freely given a Set of 
 “) — Cuniecrated Clouts to the young Prince of 
 Afiurias, the Duke of Anjou's Son: Which 
 cannot be done to a Jaw ful Monarch, with- 
 out violating all former Precedents, and 
 \ breaking in upon the very Conftitution 0 
 ; the Vatican. To a private Perfon, fuch 
 as his Baker, Butcher, or Shoe-maker he may 
 ' freely give a Benedidion of this Nature 
 A without Trefpafling upon Ordinances 20 
 f Statutes: But to lawful Kings and Prin- 
 ; ces the ftated Price .is fet, tis out of his 
 | Power to give, and I dare afirm, that the 
 very 
 
 63 
 
Of Confecrated Clouts: " 
 very Virtue and Quality of the Clouts. 
 would be loft if the utmoft F. arthing wag 
 
 . Rot paid down on the Nail. J would — 
 therefore hav@jhis Holinefs confider what 4 
 a falfe Step hethas made, and how far by» 
 this he has weaken’d his Friend Philip's 
 Title to the Monarchy of Spain: Andun- 
 lefs he fpeedily fends in ‘his Bill, lays 
 claim to the Debt, and out of hand arrefts 
 him for the Money, this may be brought. 
 as Evidence againft him into the Herald's . 
 Office to invalidate his Pretenfions, and 
 may be one fubftantial Reafon to fend 
 him packing from Madrid. oo ae 
 
 PIN DES. ge 
 Juft Publifi'd, met a AY 
 A Dialogue between Timothy and Philathewy 
 in which the Priaciples and’ Projeéts of a late 
 Whimfical Book: [ntituled, The Rights of the © 
 Chriftian Church, &c. are fairly ftated-and ane 
 fwered in their Kind: And fome Attempts 
 made rowards.the Difcovery of anew way of 
 Reafoning, intirély unknown both to the An- 
 tients and Moderns—— Written by a Layman, 
 Vol. I. Price 35. v: 
 A Vindication of the Bifhop of Exeter, OC 
 cafion’d by Mr. Benj. Hoadley’s Reflections on 
 ’ his Lordfhip’s two Sermons of Government. 
 Price Is. 
 All the new Plays and Novels, and moft of 
 the new Books are to be had’ of Bernard Line — a 
 totr, at the Cro/s-Keys between the two. Ti cme 
 ple-Gares“in Fleetfireet. z 74 
 
conscious longing or remembrance or hepe upon | 
 
 Fis colourless scenes are like woodcuts, sharp and clear. ‘His 
 
 : lige : we 
 fondness for the industry of man limited his sympathies, 
 but he compels us to share his rapture in silks and velvets, 
 
 in a midwife’s graduated bills, and in such works of art as 
 
 in 
 in “ Captain Singleton ” “ put our artifiecr to his trumps.” 
 phy grows almost | 
 
 And though Roxana in her autobiogra 
 
 eloquent over her charms of face and shape and unpainted 
 Skill, iv 1S Lttie else than & sumpering contidentiality across 
 
 the counter. 
 
 Tt is, in fact, the absence of these wsthetic and introspective 
 foe that is the secret of his peculiar power. It 
 nd, to the exclusion of 
 
 The objective 
 instinctive aim. 
 
 qualities in De 
 enabled him to concentrate his mi 
 everything else, on the world without. 
 
 reduced to its common denominator was his 
 He had waited upon life at its crudest and barest, and had 
 
 thus acquired so wide a knowledge and so packed a memory 
 
 of reality that when he chanced to turn to story-telling for 
 a living it poured out with all the novelty of an unfailing 
 invention. Art seems needless when mere instinct can pro- 
 duce such a little masterpiece of ver isimilitude as ‘“ The 
 Apparition of Mrs. Veal.” It epitomizes Defoe’s method— 
 of sedulously accumulating detail till the result has. ail the 
 
 tang and substantiality of fact. 
 
 at their best therefore has the clearness and force of an actual 
 
 experience, an experience, too, far more vivid and precise 
 
 than that which most of us can gain for ourselves. And 
 
 ph Ne _ a 
 
 a = + 9. _aalite ig never that of the modern “ yealist,”’ 
 
 who walks the world spying out the tucousp: ref 3 
 
 été TRC eae é : : aspicaucus re use 
 xpe ve, but always carries with it the personality and 
 
 the humanity» of its medium, nothing breaks through his 
 
 narrative but what came there of its own immediate appeal 
 ate ena 
 
 The reading of his stories | 
 
 nature. | Reflections, 
 of the greatest collection 
 >} at London, while I em writing this, 
 T enjoyed in eight-and-twenty ye 
 late island.” 
 loneliness 
 at his best. 
 
 picture. 
 | learn that America itself is in s 
 | little hill, 
 
 SS ee ae 
 » “that I enjoy much 
 
 steals ove 
 
 The s 
 its concave immensity, ringing 
 It is indeed with a si 
 
 So too in “ Captain f 
 on in the company of that littl 
 
 | twenty-seven maroons, beset b 
 ough forest and wilderness. 
 
 talions of elephants, thr 
 
 But more hauntingly yet 
 upon the reader in “ The Jou 
 Defoe’s masterly English, 
 
 de 
 
 | ; 
 | raciest’ vernacular, is nowhere 
 
 6 o ig ys : 
 saddler’s ** narrative enslaves 
 
 that take in their nakedness &: 
 far-off waft of a pirate’s anc 
 
 and occultists ; 
 by a piercing cry; and then 
 grown streets, the barred doo 
 bell: and the gathering, 
 
 thickly; ers — 
 the writer’s 
 
 8 
 
 xx vids ~ i 
 shoulder, compelliz 
 
 and carri i i i 5 
 a earried its full significance. Such romancing has all the 
 
 ~donhis owt 
 
 ens. Te 
 
 of mankind in the w 
 
 This pervasive se 
 r the imagination in f 
 How still and clos 
 There is a sky above us, but 
 tot; out of utter silence the clamorous 
 
 up at echo of his gun. | stretches & 
 
 compounded of the Bible and 
 
 off all retreat—the first gossip and sti 
 boding, the accumulative innuendo, 
 
 mocking, terror-stricken crowds ; 
 the deepening hush br 
 
 drifting mist. of death. 
 
 in the middle 
 orld, I mean, 
 than ever I could say 
 ent to a deso- 
 d silence and 
 eading Defoe 
 e to us 1s Crusoe’s island. 
 rarely lift our eyes 
 host of birds flies 
 ll around us in 
 a solitude like that of a 
 
 d incredulity that we 
 s his | 
 
 more solitude 
 
 ars’ confinem 
 
 nse of inwar 
 
 we 
 
 10cke 
 xt when Crusoe ascend: 
 gleton” we push solitarily 
 band of abstractions, the 
 unknown fears and bat- 
 
 e 
 
 Vv 
 
 scends silence and solitude 
 rnal of the Plague Year.” 
 the 
 
 else so impressive. The 
 the mind and seems to shut 
 r of distrust and fore- 
 the facts and figures 
 nister a bearing as the 
 sient itself; the thronging, 
 the quacks and seers 
 oken ever and again 
 at last the deserted, grass- 
 rs, the watchmen and the 
 
 S si 
 
 ,0ugh intent only |, 
 andering through |f 
 mvsterious 
 
 ag him, tk 
 hadow Ww 
 
 15. 
 =— 2:2 
 
ee ee - 
 than that which m 
 
 and oceule: ttre <t 
 
 ~c ie 
 
 thickly upon all. A shadowy ‘form seems 
 the writer's shoulder, compelling him, though intent only 
 on the bare facts and on his own shadow wandering through |" 
 the London of his childhood, to record its mysterious 
 presence in his sharp deliberate prose. 
 absorption of the senses in which the Defoe is read “by schoolboys and kitchenmaids, by 
 life is stillea—the condensed spectacle | sailors » says Mr. Masefield. It is an entranced but not 
 of the peepshow. | exacting circle, perhaps.. And yet it must indeed be an 
 To attain this effect a story Let Hebecelty Be 2 direct, imagination a little over-enriched and belletristic, a little 
 
 narrative but what ¢ 
 and carried its full significance. 
 fascination of one of those matt 
 we are spectators of our own actions wit 
 om within or without. It js a complete 
 faint rumour that 
 
 hout the possibility 
 
 of interruption fr 
 
 accompanies conscious 
 
 too fastidious, that cannot be content to shut out the 
 
 personal narrative. ‘There must be no meddling by 8NY | , cates ee . . “ 
 third party. It is partly for this reason, we think, that all greatest awhile and all the Muses, and fly with Jack “down |q 
 qd party. ; ty ) rls 2S ; ; unk, at ‘1 . aa ‘ Bi : . a 
 
 Old Bedlam into Moorfields ” or with Crusoe and Singleton 
 
 Defoe’s stories break every now and then into his peculiar tat R he hiel Sta Tiel } 
 : 3 i venture out upon the ch seas, bor Friday, or t 
 1e himself asserts in one I 1e high seas, bound for #ric ay, or the 
 
 undramatic dialogue ; not merely, as | | sow { the Nil 
 J : 7 : ; | sources of the Nile. 
 place, for the sé ke of brevity, but in order to avoid any inter- | Pres nse Fs nese tet 
 ference with what mainly occurs in talk—a voice speaking, & m > ait wii ight 
 5 : . 5 TE EE 1T TQ TAN TN 
 chological aura, the half- E ENGLISHMAN IN CHINA. 
 "9 ~ 
 So : ( 
 , J. O. P. Brann. (Arno 
 
 voice replying. Not for him the ps 
 tones, the subconscious syllabling of the 
 elementary a reality could, of course, be peopled only wi Sas ied 
 
 afer pe TaRe ; os. net, 
 elementary intelligerces. Defoe’s characters, greatest and | ao. 2 
 
 y} g : a |\Gurvna. By Mortimer 1 
 least (and little more than a moral hairst readth divides them), f zine : 
 
 ps ; 5 Arraur BuaKe, G.C.M.C 
 
 ty. . They are just such ; 
 : ; 5s. net.) 
 
 “ naturalist.” 
 
 |, | ELOUSEBOAT Days un CHINA, 
 vo 
 
 swprs.. Text by Sm HENey¥ 
 }. (Menpes Crown Series, Black, 
 
 never shock us with our own inferio 
 obvious and everyday creatures as we must all appear = : ‘ ; Sipe A ? : 
 . eS if a : Pe | Tae Face or Coma. By E. G. Kemp, F.R.S.G.S. (Chatto 
 to the great outsice world that knows not even so much as sae es os : 
 paige é 5 I “pe and Windus, 20s. net.) 
 our names. Their good and evil are as primitive as the | aii. Fe be $ 
 gy : ; set hel “| Cuina: Its MARVEL AND Mysrery. By T. Hopeson 
 good and evil with which a common jury 1s concerned. [ff L a ; a Z 
 3 ee: ihe 5 Sa Fied £4 mpEtL, R.B.A. (Allen, 21s. net.) 
 indeed, it was conscious craft that made Singleton and - ea a 2 " oy = 
 ; ‘ Great’ Princes, Emperors and Kings, Dukes and Mar- 
 Crusoe men so modest and ord PBA «AG ies ere » : 1 
 f 3 quises, Counts, Knights ”—but no, if all those to whom 
 circumstances, it was & craft. that sprang from. Pure) WarcouPolosaddr \ higerollinginvocstionswere 
 genius. Defoe descends with such limpid ease to the | every book ‘whieh appears nowadays on . 
 pel oe boy who reads of these amazing and harmless |},6 left without 3 jeisnred. ‘class, so ‘vast 
 mead Sees Et is (pee jot Sige das iis . ‘ - b, 2 + ek x 
 eroes comes near ~ o - in this ig eel ae ere Si te Dg ig i og bees 
 — eunguna ceeie 7 sane — TBE ‘ a degree | grown up round that empire to which he’ 
 one of the most magine'?y e SEAR ne work 1as > ts el healf-inereanious corona: We are no longer incredulous, | 
 seen. Does he not from the beginning cunningly Ict US| though it is open to question whether each new witness to 
 into tho secret thet Crusoe s huge periagua is the hopeless, | Chinese ways of life and thought does not leave us the 
 . e ae wih ae ae ¥. 31;chted at his : . et F ( . 
 senseless scheme we are 80 distress¢ d and dé lighted ah me | more bewildered, as well as the more curious. It is not its 
 afterwards finding 1t to be ? We revel m ar iterated “I differentiates the history of Chinese cisihiaas 
 told you s 2? We sit with heart caught up watching fate’s | + of other nations ; we are possessed of exacter 
 dicus perfidies—the fre sd grapes s prolifie cats, the | ; oe . 2 on vies : 
 dious perfidies—tne ta d grapes, the proh eet ce he | :nowledge concerning communities quite as ancient ; but 
 he immovable roll of shee® | in Mesopotamia or in Egypt the present is well marked off 
 . are dead and gone and the 
 sr changed conditions, 
 
 inary in their extraordinary 
 
 ntiquity th 
 
 tion from tl 
 
 insi 
 
 noble hapless venture out to sea, th 
 surmise Robinson might have | ¢ : 
 aa abet fe ght have) tom the past, the old empire 
 
 lead that we modestly surmist 
 : 
 
 thought of hacking into. strips. On our own unwe thy | new have 5} 
 
 heads fall the fr mentary and ¢ ven superfluous benefac- | whereas in China, peer back throut he millenniums as you 
 tions of that Bld “sci eg Power ” which not even the most | 3], you can detect no appreciable alteration. Revolution, 
 impious of Defoes adventurers : ce rule of alien dynasties have done no more than 
 Crusoe’s “ Mahometan ” whiskers, the va:t face of the Chinese body politic, and one of } 
 spared by the rats, the magazine o! muskets, the s¢ a-cal the acutest of Western observers has summed up its peculiar | 
 barrel of powder, the tobacco pipe (withheld @ score e: "2 persistence of form by comparing it to @ cube which when } 
 in the drowned ship-boy’s pocket, the “ refre z 
 chiefs, the five black w ives for the five white mariners, the La eigiiuie 
 
 mutineers lapped in sleep while their captain roams the | eda $i 
 
 shore 3 the Cavalier’s saddle stuffed with ‘gold ; Jack's | history. is that 
 hollow tree in the lonely fields beyond the ~ Blind Begg ef tween China end Europe. It begins, 
 me Bethnalgreen. behiiemy ae ines nals pica nee te og, so to speak, in the middle, for when Marco Polo and the 
 the hints -let fall here and there of the subliminal. The lfriars and merchants who were his contemporaries and 
 ighweymee oes not Seer 98 whe gh. lesa § plain ” | jmmediate successors visited Cathay they found Christianity 
 Mall's heart-broken ots aan, Side ; Oh Jemmie, come back, already es ablished. there. by the Nestorians: ‘* which are 
 pi peers ? Kee Boge Roxana’s glunpse of he second- heretics,” adds Friar Odorie firmly, and perhaps not without 
 signi. just. betore, diye Orne: the maurdered jewaller vices | reason, since the remarkable Christian inscription found at’ 
 oft-repeated veridical dream, nor Singanfu treats the doctrines of the faith m a manner highly 
 
 Singleton’s tell-tale palm. F« s 7 ms ek 
 hen the abnorr P vidits steals canal won Ls it T | Ggurative, to say the least of it. For fifty years and more, 
 yhe ormal visits perfectiy n le it seems | ,. ea 
 
 widest cs I e ea MS | traders and papal emissaries he 
 
 ; ‘ speed , vd the run of the country ; 
 merely one of those delightful improbabilities that diversify | }n¢ at the end of the Mongol dynasty the veil fell ese. y 
 plain fact. iad He), ONL ‘he Mongol dynasty the vou tell again so 
 
 1g into existence unde 
 hn t 
 
 . ? 
 stionec: 
 
 “ 11 
 ever really qu - 1 
 Ger, conquest, ti 
 
 few grains of barley 
 
 | checker the 
 
 1} 
 
 j 
 : 
 
 the same appearance 4s 
 
 y 
 
 ing” handker- | : s 
 : * lit is overturned presents exact 
 
 = the least singular chapter in this age-long 
 which relates the vicissitudes that attended 
 
 ars * 
 on the intercourse be 
 
 out to his doom, nor the 
 even the line of piracy on 
 
 “tow strange and chequered @ work of } ; i s 
 as darkly. that when China was Ir s<discovered two hundred 
 explorers did not recognize’ 
 1| that they had reached the legendary Cathay. Jesuit 
 " ‘ st anc missionaries and ET: oe " B 
 is ever-fresh a] ypeal Eee oe P acc ; t the East India Company reopened. 
 
 . tan!’ So stran 
 tr adornment to make of it pure romanc 
 
 J ° : c , iw 
 For it is Defoc 
 
 delight in life, | 
 
 7 
 | 
 
 ye that 1t neeCs | vears afterwards, the later 
 
 ; innate simplicity, his livelong inter 
 
 i 
 
 lati aS Peay P 
 PRs eT Sa : Pax sj relations which, in spit an attiiwde 
 
 childrc n, wens t re or spirit, that are the surést proof | ance on the : spl of an attitude of unbroken reluct- 
 of his genius. Youth swept back into the har ! x ie Chinese, have resulted in notable 
 
 1eY Ih ef 
 
 sed, tormented | deve 1ent ) 
 c ented | developments. Open any daily 1 
 
 heart that apparently did not so much as be r and it will be strange 
 
 4 if you do not find in it some mention of the daily struggle 
 old. | of Europe to invest he i . es q 
 If ever beauty appears h wk, it is from this clear | conc Kite © ; a. ; ypital and implant her religious 
 
 J r! conceptions in China, ¢ e woes ; F 
 away from the call a Ge Ce ae Oe Paes 
 
 of romance until its po all but sixty vears 
 
 : ssionary in @ 
 
 : distant province, or of recriminati rs 
 
 “pele ; f Sree 7 tL} nee, or ol recriminatior betw : 
 
 Roxana,” but even in his lious “* Family | mination between the Powe 
 
 1 tedious “‘ Family] over a ré : sae Powers 
 
 s ideals from those | ¢} aE a : these episodes strike 
 
 ess a rs 108e | the native is not usually recorded, but perhaps a clue : 
 ,’ in spite of the real touches | sentiments ; “ perhaps a clue to hig 
 
 wellspring. It eb 
 
 world! i ness of b 
 
 way concession. 
 
 Instructor,” not very far removed in it 
 
 of ‘‘ The Complete Trades 
 of character in its natty dialogue, the one fragment tha f } 
 Pape ne ma t } 
 
 Os 
 
 uy be found in Mr. Biand 
 
 s humorous epitome 
 past half century. 
 licted by Europe on the Celes 
 diplomatic collapse ] 
 ‘ apse (generally gradual 
 : H tude. And | times sudden) of the vict t nthe. pane ail 
 > 7; > . ANC nes sudaet 2 ictors. emember ths i : 
 
 Defoe, we feel, spent all his wracked and crowded life in years China has been mauled fi ee he Sia ene ee 
 efoe, we : : I lp, na has b nauled five times, her capital twice sacke 
 ea ita the solitude of an acute, restless personal life | and her fighting capacity—or rather her E ice sacked 
 
 personal life | nd her fi z cay 3 ather her capacity for not fightin: 
 
 ,|—has been much the same all the time ; yet how much forrad - 
 
 * ne > “ + } ¢ 7 % 
 is Europe now, after the Boxer Protccol, than she was in 186 
 Eur iz ewes she was in 1860 
 e nover so bad in his 
 
 Cae +: 
 Ss aeanl 
 
 s ith us during th 
 
 remains it he memory is = Z 
 isin U memory 15 the opening talk between the | 
 
 Seats cnany and hid: $f ~ Every defeat iz 
 little boy and his father. No man can re eall his childhood | been foll d : 
 i | been foliowed by 
 
 1 Empire has 
 
 sh a ; 
 without dwelling on its peculiar sense of so 
 
 besieged by business and care, by ‘crowds of fine folks’ 
 + 1 i ks 
 
 “ 
 
 says Crusoe i is Yok, 
 
 Be "an affirm,” 
 
oneset the most ima 
 seen. Does he not Hen the beginning cunningly lect us 
 into the secret that Crusoe’s huge periagua is the hopeless, 
 senseless scheme we are so distressed and delighted at his 
 afterwards finding it to be 2? We revel in a reiterated “J 
 told you so.”” » We sit with heart ca aught up watehing fate’s 
 
 insidious perfidies—the ravaged grapes, the prolific cats, the | 
 knowledge concerning com 
 
 noble hapless venture out to sea, the immovable roll of sheet 
 lead that we modestly surmise Robinson might 
 thought of hacking into strips. On our own unworthy 
 heads fall the fragmentary and even superfluous benefac- 
 tions of that ‘‘ Superior Power” which not even the most 
 impious of Defoe’s adventurers ever really questioned — 
 Crusoe’s ‘‘ Mahometan ” 
 spared by the rats, the ma the sea-cak« d 
 barrel of powder, the sshange pipe (withheld a score of years) 
 in the drowned raise -boy’s pocket,the “‘ refreshing ” handker- 
 chiefs, the five black wives for the five white mariners, the 
 mutineers lapped in sleep while their captain roams the 
 shore; the Cavalier’s saddle stuffed with gold ; 
 hollow tree in the lonely fields beyond the ‘‘ Blind Beggars ” 
 at Bethnal-green. We do not dream of questioning, either, 
 the hints let fall here and there of the subliminal. The 
 ighwayman does not surprise ne who hears “‘ very plain ” 
 ey s heart-broken far-away cry, ‘‘ Oh, Jemmie, come back, 
 come back!’ nor does Roxana’s glimpse of the 
 ight, just be fore 
 out to his doom, nor the oft-repeated veridical dream, nor 
 even the line of piracy on Singleton’s tell-tale palm. For 
 when the gigpor: mal visits perfectly normal people it seems 
 : tees delightful improbabilities that diversify 
 Painusees Strange and 
 
 have 
 
 gazine of muskets, 
 
 second- 
 , like Lorenzo, the murdered jeweller rides 
 
 Inative writers the world has ever | 2 pag 
 
 whiskers, the few grains of barley | 
 
 Jack’s | 
 
 | already 
 
 chequered a work. of | 
 
 ineredulons world. We are no longe 
 though it is open te question whether 
 
 Chinese ways of life and thought does not leave 
 more bewildered, as well as the more curious. It is not its 
 antiquity that differentiates the history of Chinese civiliza- 
 tion from that of other nations ; 
 nities quite as ancient ; 
 in Mesopotamia or in Ryypt the present is well markedtaie 
 t, the old ni S are bases and gone and the 
 er changed conditions, 
 1e millenniums as yo 
 teration. Revolution 
 3 have done no more thar 
 
 tness to 
 
 from the pa 
 new have spi 
 whereas in China, peer back t 
 
 will, you can detect no appreci 
 conquest, the rule of alien dynasti 
 checker the va+t face of the Cl ;e body politic, and one of 
 the aeutest of Western observers has summed up its peculiar 
 comparing it to a cube which when 
 @ appearance as 
 
 ng into sagen ick 
 
 persistence of form by 
 it is overturned presents exactly 
 before. 
 
 3y no means the least singular chapter in this age-long 
 history is that which relates the vic issitudes that attended 
 on the intercourse between China and Europe. It begins, 
 
 so to speak, in the middle, for when Marco Polo and the 
 
 the sai 
 
 friars and merchants who were 
 sors visited Cathay they found Christianity 
 established there by the Nestorians: “which are 
 heretics,” adds Friar Odoric firmly, and perhaps not without 
 reason, since the remarkable Christian inscription found at 
 Singanfu treais the doctrines of the faith in a manner highly 
 figurative, to say the least of it. For fifty years and more, 
 traders and papal emissaries had the run of the country ; 
 but at the end of the Mongol dyz 
 darkly: that when China was rediscovered two huni 
 
 immediate 
 
 we are possessed of exacter | ; 
 but | | 
 
 his contemporaries and | 
 
 sty the veil fell again so® 
 
See SS ee 
 
 normal visite perfectly mormal 
 
 cx rceple it Ae, 
 
 Molightfal imsprobebilitios that diver * 
 aes petal Se, Sine Bier ag a eee Ser but at the ond of the Mongol 
 
 r 
 
 a papel om 
 
 Ores, — — ae 
 1599a DEFOE (Daniel) A JOl RNAL OF THE PLAGUE YEAR; being Ob- 
 servations or Memorials of the Most Remarkable Occurrences, as well Publick 
 is Private, which happened L ng ti st Great Visitation in 1665. 
 Written by a Citiz ntinued all the in London. Never made 
 I ublick before. E. Nutt, 2. -HIRST y nal calf, FIN 
 opy, EXCEEDIN( Y \RE, £12 $2s 
 This book was su ed t foe by the drea@ef the plague which ha 1 recently broken out 
 
 und the narrative Is an ai ithenticity, which imp ed upon Dr. Mead 
 
 appointed to report p 1 1 precautions. He quotes it as an ,uthorit 
 
 Plagu 
 
 dynasty the voi 
 
 sugrenign > 
 
SR aa el SS a RE esa ie REE