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SIR WILLIAM OSLER 
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 Appreciations and Reminiscences 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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BULLETIN No. 1X 
 of the 
 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 
 OF MEDICAL MUSEUMS 
 
 AND 
 JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL METHODS 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 Memorial Number 
 
 Appreciations and Reminiscences 
 
 Privately issued at 
 836 UNIVERSITY ST., MONTREAL, CANADA 
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Ju Memoriam 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER, Bart. 
 
 M.D., DC.L., LL.D.,.DSc., F.RS,, F-R.C-.P. 
 
 Born, July 12th, 1849. 
 Died, December 29th, 1913. 
 
 “To have striven, to have made an effort, to have been 
 true to certain ideals—this alone is worth the struggle.” 
 
 From “AN ALABAMA STUDENT.” 
 
 ‘Arvid Earth’s vagrant noises, he caught the note sublime: 
 To-day around him surges from the silences of Time 
 A flood of nobler music, like a river deep and broad, 
 Fit song for heroes gathered in the banquet-hall of God.” 
 
 From “THe DEAD MASTER,” BY JOHN MCCRAE. 
 
 “Write me as one who loved his fellow-men.” 
 
 LEIGH HUNT. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FOREWORD 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 HE writings about Osler seem destined to exceed in 
 
 number and in volume those of his own productive pen. 
 The very abundance and the character of these tributes, 
 reminiscences, estimates of the man and his work, now 
 worthily crowned by the eagerly awaited, authoritative 
 biography by Harvey Cushing, testify to the place held 
 by Osler, as by no other physician of our day, and by few 
 in all time, in the hearts and memories of hosts of friends, 
 admirers and disciples in all lands, to the extent and vari- 
 ety of his interests and activities both within and without 
 the profession, to his far-reaching influence and personal 
 contacts, and to the human interest of the circumstances 
 and experiences of his life. 
 
 The present volume is an interesting and valuable 
 addition to Oslerian literature. Published under the aus- 
 pices and in form as a Bulletin of the International Asso- 
 ciation of Medical Museums—one of many organizations 
 receiving from the start Osler’s active interest and sup- 
 port—the primary purpose of this work was to present 
 the relations of Osler to pathological anatomy and the 
 influence of his pathological studies and researches, espe- 
 cially of the early Canadian period, upon his development 
 
 as a clinician and medical teacher. Most of the papers 
 i 
 
 GS42 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 il ForEWORD—W ELCH 
 
 first solicited and contributed are concerned with this 
 important aspect of Osler’s work. 
 
 This first, underlying purpose has been so expanded 
 and modified during the five years of preparation and 
 accumulation of material for this work under the irre- 
 sistible enthusiasm, zeal and indomitable energy and per- 
 severance of the Managing Editor, Dr. Maude E. Abbott, 
 that there are now scarcely any aspects and no periods 
 of Osler’s life and work which have escaped attention in 
 this volume. Through this broadening of scope the volume 
 has gained greatly both in number and value of the 
 contributions and in the variety of interest. All who 
 cherish the memory of Osler have reason to be grateful 
 to Dr. Abbott for the success with which she has brought 
 this work into its final form in spite of unforeseen delays 
 and difficulties. 
 
 Partly through lack of perspective and partly through 
 absence of adequate material there is often great diffi- 
 culty or even impossibility in reconstructing the person- 
 alities, careers and achievements of medical worthies of 
 past ages, whose names have become merely a tradition, 
 sometimes almost legendary. When Osler’s name and 
 fame have passed from living memory and become a tra- 
 dition, the future historian will find abundant material to 
 reconstruct an extraordinarily vivid and delightful per- 
 sonality of most engaging traits of character, mind and 
 heart. He may note that these personal qualities and 
 attainments appeared to his contemporaries so arresting 
 that they formed the burden of their reminiscences and 
 tributes to his memory without affording equal assistance 
 
 
 
FOREWORD—WELCH ill 
 
 to the historian in determining those substantial contribu- 
 tions to knowledge, thought and action upon which endur- 
 ing fame really is based. 
 
 Osler was of the best type of clinician produced in 
 the nineteenth century, belonging, as he did, to the lin- 
 eage of Laennec, Louis, Bright, Addison, Graves, Stokes, 
 Frerichs, Jackson, Flint, Delafield, Janeway, Pepper. By 
 early studies he acquired the naturalist’s habit of mind. 
 He approached the study of disease in the true spirit of 
 scientific inquiry and by accurate observation. Like 
 most of those physicians who attained the highest emin- 
 ence in the past century, he entered the clinical field 
 through the gateway of morbid anatomy, in which his 
 studies extended to comparative pathology. He belonged 
 to that small but attractive group of physicians, repre- 
 sented in all ages, who combined the broadest human- 
 ism with the best science of their day. 
 
 In his later years in Baltimore and in Oxford, Osler 
 was well aware of the development of new lines of attack 
 upon the problems of disease as presented by the living 
 patient, by experimental physiological and pathological 
 methods, and especially by application of new physico- 
 chemical discoveries. While not at all unsympathetic 
 with these newer directions of clinical study, they were 
 not the lines in which his training and experience lay and 
 which he cultivated and taught. The development of 
 these newer fields and methods of clinical research is assur- 
 edly to be welcomed as an important part of the progress 
 of scientific medicine, but it is pertinent to inquire whether 
 the new order will develop clinicians with the breadth of 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1V FoREWORD— WELCH 
 
 interest in all kinds of disease characteristic of the best of 
 the older generation of clinicians, exemplified by Osler, 
 the scientific basis of whose work was pathology and the 
 analysis of accumulated clinical data. Time only can 
 answer this question. 
 
 At the farewell dinner in his honour given by the 
 medical profession of the United States and Canada on 
 the eve of his departure for England in 1905, Osler said 
 that his chief professional ambitions had been to become 
 a clinician worthy to be ranked with Nathan Smith and 
 other American physicians, whose names, some of which 
 I have repeated, he mentioned, and to create a medical 
 clinic on Teutonic lines, not on those prevailing in Great 
 Britain and this country. His first ambition was more than 
 fulfilled, and his second measurably so. 
 
 Osler’s great opportunity for clinical work and the 
 advancement of medical education came with his call in 
 1889 to Johns Hopkins, where for sixteen years he had a 
 leading part in initiating and carrying out those reforms in 
 hospital organization and medical instruction and research 
 which marked an era in the development of higher medical 
 education in America, and where he brought great renown 
 to the Medical School. He shares with Halsted and Kelly 
 the credit of organizing the professional staff of the hos- 
 pital on a plan whereby, for the first time in America, 
 opportunities were afforded the young resident physicians 
 and surgeons for prolonged clinical training and research 
 comparable to those already existing for assistants in the 
 preclinical laboratories. 
 
 Osler’s most important contribution to the system of 
 
 
 
 
 
ForEwOoRD—W ELCH Vv 
 
 medical education was the organization and development 
 at Johns Hopkins of a medical clinic, truly deserving of 
 the name, although later much extended and improved in 
 plan. The association of a laboratory with the clinic was 
 a distinct advance. In the clinic students, serving as 
 clinical clerks, were practically trained, disease was 
 studied, as pointed out by Dr. Cole in this volume, in a 
 truly scientific spirit, valuable contributions to knowledge 
 originated, and over all was the guiding hand and the 
 inspiring example of the ‘‘Chief.” Several articles in 
 this volume deal most competently with this important 
 side of Osler’s work in the Baltimore period as clinician, 
 teacher and investigator. 
 
 Published contributions to knowledge constitute the 
 solid basis of the permanent fame of physicians and men 
 of science. While Osler’s name is not associated with 
 any great discovery which would place it in his own Bibli- 
 otheca Prima, he made many and varied new observations, 
 partly in the field of natural science, but chiefly in that of 
 medicine. A noticeable deficiency in the many writings 
 about Osler has been the lack of any adequate critical 
 estimate of the extent and value of his actual contribu- 
 tions to knowledge. A commendable step toward filling this 
 gap is taken by the publication in this volume of the Classi- 
 fied Bibliography of Osler’s publications based on the 
 Chronological Bibliography by Miss Blogg, and prepared 
 with great pains and skill by the efforts of several 
 collaborators under the editorship of Fielding Garrison, 
 the eminent medical historian and Henry W. Cattell, 
 Editor of the International Clinics. This valuable classified 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 vl FoREWORD—W ELCH 
 
 and annotated bibliography should greatly facilitate the 
 task of carrying further than it attempts to do the accu- 
 rate determination of the additions to knowledge which 
 medicine and science owe to Osler’s investigations and 
 to his immediate supervision and stimulus. 
 
 The teacher performs a large service to his own gen- 
 eration, and one appreciated by future historians of medi- 
 cine, who presents the existing state of medical science 
 and art in a form as attractive and accurate, as succinct 
 and yet full as that of Osler’s—in later editions Osler and 
 McCrae’s—Principles and Practice of Medicine. While the 
 life of text-books is notoriously ephemeral, we may feel 
 assured that succeeding generations will find instruction 
 and pleasure in the perusal of those historical and other 
 essays and addresses, so full of wisdom, of fine culture, of 
 charm of style, of sound precept, of out-of-the-way lore. 
 with which Osler has delighted students, physicians, schol- 
 ars and even the general public of our own day. 
 
 Osler was imbued with a strong sense of the responsi- 
 bility of the physician to the profession and to the com- 
 munity, and any adequate estimate of his services will 
 have much to say upon these aspects of his many-sided 
 activities. In Baltimore his name is prominently asso- 
 
 ciated, in some instances as a pioneer, with the develop- 
 ‘ment of hospital social service, of district and public-health 
 nursing, of anti-tuberculosis work, of infant and child 
 hygiene, of efficient public-health administration, and of 
 other agencies and movements for the prevention of dis- 
 ease and improvement of health. He identified himself 
 thoroughly with the life of the local profession, for whose 
 
 
 
FoREWORD—W ELCH Vil 
 
 interests and improvement he did more than any one 
 before or since his day by stimulating an interest in med- 
 ical libraries, by active participation in the meetings of 
 medical societies, by material assistance, by a generous 
 social fe and in manifold other ways. 
 
 It may, I think, be safely predicted that history will 
 preserve Osler’s fame as a serious and scholarly student 
 of medical history and as a bibliographer as only second 
 to his repute as a great clinical teacher. Possibly, being 
 based more upon written records than upon tradition, it 
 may be more enduring. 
 
 In the English Who’s Who, Osler assigns ‘‘biblio- 
 graphy’’ as his recreation. But I am sure that in his case, 
 whether he recognized it or not, historical and bibliograph- 
 ical knowledge and interest were far more than a mere 
 recreation or even cultural embellishment; they consti- 
 tuted an essential part of his rich equipment as an inspir- 
 ing teacher and student of medicine. ‘The historical 
 method of approach has not only an educational value 
 as the best method of presentation and elucidation to the 
 student of medical and scientific subjects, but it has a dis- 
 tinct, although inadequately appreciated, importance in 
 stimulating and aiding scientific investigations. No small 
 part of Osler’s broadly liberal culture came from stu- 
 dies in medical history, biography and_ bibliography, 
 which almost inevitably lead far afield into realms of 
 classical and general literature and of social, political 
 and philosophical history. By the foundation of the Johns 
 Hopkins Medical Historical Club soon after the opening 
 of the Hospital in 1889 and by his method of teaching 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vill FoREWORD— WELCH 
 
 Osler greatly stimulated interest in the history of medi- 
 cine in the minds of the students and of his colleagues 
 and in ways more effective than by systematic lectures 
 upon this subject. 
 
 His expectation when he accepted the call to the 
 Regius Professorship of Medicine at Oxford, in 1904, 
 that he could lead there a quieter life with more time 
 and opportunity for the pursuit of his favourite studies 
 amid congenial surroundings, was not disappointed. 
 While Osler never neglected his work as physician, teacher 
 and head of the medical clinic at the Johns Hopkins Hos- 
 pital and Medical School, his high ideals of what the clinic 
 should be were in course of time seriously threatened by 
 the increasing and eventually incessant demands of out- 
 side professional engagements and consulting practice. 
 The double burden became more than he or anyone could 
 carry. 
 
 In my repeated visits to Sir William and Lady Osler 
 at Oxford, he always had rare new treasures to show me 
 which he was constantly adding to that splendid collec- 
 tion of medical books destined to find their permanent 
 home at McGill University. I recall with especial delight 
 our talks about the bibliotheca prima, which was to be a 
 distinctive feature of his library catalogue. Although 
 eager to discuss what names should be included, the final 
 decision was to be wholly his own. While it is deeply 
 to be regretted that Osler did not live to complete this 
 part of the catalogue, the work has been finished with 
 great devotion, perseverance and skill by his nephew, Dr. 
 William Francis, aided especially by Dr. Archibald 
 
 
 
FoREWORD—W ELCH ix 
 
 Malloch. The publication will afford a rare treat to 
 lovers of books and to medical historians. The selection of 
 names for the prima, on the sides both of inclusion and 
 of omission, will prove most interesting and doubtless 
 will provoke discussion, although to me the choice, with 
 perhaps two or three exceptions, of exclusion and of admis- 
 sion, seems most judicious. 
 
 Some of Osler’s best touches are to be found in the 
 citations from his notes on some of the books. I trust 
 that I am not trespassing in quoting without asking per- 
 mission, by way of illustration, a passage or two from the 
 proofs of the bibliotheca prima which lie before me. 
 
 There are perhaps no two physicians in history whose 
 spirits were more akin to Osler’s than Conrad Gesner and 
 Boerhaave. In admitting Gesner to the choice company 
 of Leonardo, Paracelsus, Copernicus, Vesalius, Paré, Agri- 
 cola and Gilbert, the only others selected to represent the 
 sixteenth century in the prima, Osler is quoted as having 
 remarked to a friend: ‘“‘I am not sure that this fellow 
 should go into prima; but I love him so much that I must 
 put him there. Besides, he is the father of Bibliography.” 
 Who could be critical after reading such a confession, 
 especially when he recalls Henry Morley’s characteriza- 
 tion of Gesner, which is almost a portrait to the life of 
 Osler himself?: ‘Conrad Gesner, who kept open house... . 
 for all learned men who came into his neighbourhood... . 
 was not only the best naturalist among the scholars of his 
 day, but of all men of that century he was the pattern 
 man of letters. He was faultless in private life, assidu- 
 
 ous in study, diligent in maintaining correspondence and 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 X FoREWORD— W ELCH 
 
 good-will with learned men in all countries, hospitable. . - . 
 to every scholar that came into Zurich. Prompt to serve 
 all... .a writer of prefaces for friends, suggester to young 
 writers of books on which they might engage themselves, 
 and a great helper to them in the progress of their work. 
 But still, while finding time for services to other men, he 
 could produce as much out of his own study as though 
 he had no part in the life beyond its walls.” 
 
 How much more precious to McGill University is 
 the copy of the first edition of Vesalius’ Fabrica by reason 
 of this inscription with Osler’s signature: “T am glad to 
 be able to send this beautiful copy of the first edition to 
 the library of my old school, in which anatomy has always 
 been. studied in the Vesalian spirit—with accuracy and 
 thoroughness. ”’ 
 
 We may justly apply to Osler himself his own words 
 characterizing Boerhaave: “A warm-hearted, generous, 
 sympathetic man, a great teacher, an indefatigable worker, 
 Spies Few physicians have ever occupied so distin- 
 euished a position, and Haller justly calls him Communis 
 Europe Preceptor.”’ ‘This note appears under the title 
 of Boerhaave’s Elementa Chemie and continues: “It is 
 not a little surprising that our medical historians pass over 
 the very work on which his reputation in science rests, 
 and which brings him into my bzbliotheca prima\”’ 
 
 It was my great good fortune to have had my last 
 visit with my dear friend and colleague of many years in 
 May, 1919, when he presided at the annual meeting of 
 the British Classical Association in Oxford and delivered 
 perbaps the finest of his addresses. The occasion was a 
 
 
 

 
 FoREWwORD—W ELCH Xl 
 
 memorable one. No honour could have come to Osler 
 more prized by him than election to the presidency of this 
 Association. I felt it to be the triumphant culmination 
 of a great career throughout which, amid professional 
 activities, high achievements and useful services of extra- 
 ordinary diversity the humanistic spirit was a quickening, 
 delightful and pervasive influence. 
 
 Within Fo Webel 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PROEM* 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 WAS under the belief that I knew William Osler well, 
 intimately, almost as a brother; now I am learning 
 how much I was mistaken. I did not know the half of 
 him. I wonder if he himself realized all of that many- 
 chambered mind of his, all of those many accomplish- 
 ments! We others, who knew a little of his scientific 
 researches, of his riches of knowledge, of his jewels of art 
 and letters, we, in too many of these pursuits, were little 
 more than children fascinated by precious stones; soon tired 
 or tempted away we poured them back into the bowl, 
 and forgot them. Osler diligently fashioned them all one 
 by one into his patterns, adding group to group until none 
 of us knew the full extent of his possessions. 
 
 One day, not long before his lamented death, Osler 
 was teaching us how to fish for amceba in the common 
 human mouth, and frivolously we took his device simply 
 as a bit of craft he had recently picked up; none of us 
 home Britons had the least idea that this demonstration 
 was but one little excursion of an accomplished Canadian 
 protozoologist. A perusal of some advance sheets of 
 Professor Cushing’s biography sets Osler before us in a 
 bright light not only as a practised and ardent worker 
 
 
 
 *For announcement of the death of the Rt. Hon. Sir Thomas Clifford 
 Allbutt, K.C.B., F.R.S., in his 89th year, while this article was in the press, 
 see the editorial note appended. 
 
 xill 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 X1V PROEM—ALLBUTT 
 
 in this field but also as a pioneer; and yet one so modest 
 that, although myself an old friend of George Busk, G. Hi. 
 Lewes and other former leaders in the study of polyzoa 
 in England, I had no notion of Osler’s standing and 
 researches in this branch of science. 
 
 Of the fulness of his literary culture, in like manner, 
 his colleagues had of course some, but by no means an 
 adequate appreciation. That he had a fine taste in 
 letters and no slight familiarity with great writers was 
 obvious; and that he had gathered together a fine library 
 we knew; but of the wealth of his reading, his thought, 
 and his accomplishment, and of the extent and variety 
 of his library, and of the measure in which he had made its 
 contents his own, we were hardly aware until that great 
 collection was taken in hand after his death. Even with 
 Osler’s powerful memory it is difficult to guess how in the 
 midst of his incessant professional engagements, and of 
 his generous social life, he found the time for literary 
 study. Osler did not accumulate books as a hobby only; 
 he knew them inside and out, and moreover intended them 
 for that great service whither now they are being con- 
 signed. One day when I said to him, “You seek for the 
 first edition of a book, I seek for the last’’; he truly re- 
 plied, ‘“‘I want both.” Even the classical side of his liter- 
 ary culture he had kept up with more fulness and life 
 than many of us had understood, until we read his Address 
 to the Classical Association at Oxford, in 1918, On the 
 Old Humanities and the New Science; an Address saturated 
 with fine culture. His memory must have been as rare 
 
 as his discernment, yet it was his servant, not his 
 
 
 
PROEM—ALLBUTT XV 
 
 master. But I suppose the strongest side of his scholar- 
 ship was in the History of Medicine and of great physi- 
 clans. 
 
 Of Osler’s insight and abounding knowledge in clin- 
 ical medicine we could not remain ignorant, even on this 
 side of the water; nor did we lack some vivid impression 
 of his ascendancy as a teacher; though we hardly did full 
 justice to his attainments as a pathologist. He was the 
 first medical teacher of his day, as fertile and magnetic in 
 his time as was Boerhaave; and this not merely by reason 
 of his experience, learning and laboratory research, not 
 merely by his wit and humour, and ready illustration, but 
 moreover by reason of his instinctive sympathy with young 
 people. This in him was no condescending favour; it was 
 an outflow of the perennial youth in his own nature; to 
 the last he was one of them. As with the faculties of the 
 mind so with bodily exercises; we learned that his occasiona! 
 wrestlings and somersaults with the boys were not just 
 extempore frolics but the diversions of one who in his earlier 
 life had been a practised athlete. But of his past achieve- 
 ments in this arena he never said a word. 
 
 However, he sympathized with the old as well as 
 with the young; the generosity of his hospitality was as 
 openhearted as his entertainment of his guests was delight- 
 ful. His conversation was without effort or show, but 
 always gave his friends the impression of stores of wis- 
 dom and knowledge held in a modest and almost shy 
 
 reserve. 
 Such was the man in all things; unselfish even to self- 
 
 effacement. More of him, far more of him, would have 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Xvi PrRoEM—ALLBUTT 
 
 been welcome; but that was not his way. He did not so 
 much avoid show and egotism as ignore their existence. 
 To get at the flow of his knowledge and experience he had 
 to be aroused by some topic in which he was specially 
 interested; then in the animation of talk he would bring 
 forth things both new and old. In this characteristic 
 Osler, if less colossal, reminded me of Acton. 
 
 Such, as reflected in a dim mirror, was one of the most 
 interesting and richly endowed minds and lovable characters 
 in the story of our profession; with the culture of Linacre and 
 the clinical insight of Sydenham, his name will live in our 
 history, notso much perhaps for great discoveries as for mas- 
 tery of medicine, fertile teaching, wide attainments, great 
 natural faculties, cultivated taste, and delightful humour; 
 qualities all mellowed by a spirit of wisdom, gentleness and 
 lovingkindness. His “little nameless unremembered acts of 
 kindness and love”’ were for the most part unseen. He was 
 even capable, as I know, of lending choice books from his 
 library, readily and ungrudgingly. If the rareness of his 
 accomplishments is proving now to be even more than the 
 already very high estimate of his friends on both sides of 
 the great water, it is because he made a name, won the 
 hearts, and divided his gifts, between the people of two 
 worlds. In America, in Great Britain and in the 
 Dominions he was known and beloved; but in each coun- 
 try he developed attributes some of which were lost or 
 imperfectly seen in the other. Not till now have we come 
 all together to recognize the full height, breadth and depth 
 and width of the man. 
 
 I am thankful therefore to be allowed to add to that 
 
 
 
PrRoEM—ALLBUTT XVil 
 
 of many others, my poor appreciation of Osler’s life; it 
 remains for my colleagues, and especially for his pupil Dr. 
 Cushing, to narrate that life with the fulness of detail 
 which it both demands and supplies. 
 
 a 
 
 Regius Professor of Physic, 
 Cambridge University, Cambridge, England 
 October, 1924 
 
 EprrorraL Norse. While the foregoing article was in 
 press, the sad news came of the death, on the night of February 
 22nd, 1925, of Sir Thomas Clifford Allbutt, Regius Professor of 
 Physic at Cambridge University, in the eighty-ninth year of his 
 age. On December 25th, 1924, he had written to the Managing 
 Editor of this volume: “ Your letter is indeed a prize for me on this 
 Christmas day. Although I cannot allow myself to accept in their 
 fulness the generous words of it, yet I may take the comfort of 
 thinking that my small pebble contributing to the great cairn is 
 not unworthy of its place on so memorable an occasion.”” The 
 final revision of page proof, addressed in his own handwriting, 
 was forwarded only a few days before the date of Sir Clifford 
 Allbutt’s death, so that this tribute to the memory of his dear 
 friend and colleague was one of the last literary activities of this 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 XV11 EpiroRiIaAL Note 
 
 great physician, writer and scholar, the most distinguished in 
 British medicine at the time of his death. 
 
 The sympathetic and appreciative tributes of the late Regius 
 Professor of Physic at Cambridge University, paid both here and 
 elsewhere to his departed brother Regius at Oxford, afford some 
 indication of the intimate relations and friendship and the remark- 
 able community of interests between these two outstanding 
 figures of modern medicine. Both were eminent teachers and 
 students of medicine, bringing great distinction to their respective 
 universities, both were writers and speakers of unusual although 
 differing charm of style, both mingled the scholar’s culture, 
 humanism and reverence for the past, with the keenest interest 
 in the present and the widest vision for the future, both had a 
 genius for friendship, exerting great influence in their day and 
 generation, and the passing of both is mourned throughout the 
 English-speaking world. 
 
 
 
EDITORIAL PREFACE 
 
 HE conception of a Memorial Volume from this Associa- 
 tion took form as the result of a Symposium upon the 
 relaticns of the late Sir William Osler to it and its activities, 
 held at the Annual Meeting at Cornell University Medical 
 College in the spring of 1920. It was recalled then, with 
 deep appreciation, that this Society is one of the many move- 
 ments of his time that owe their successful inception and 
 development to the sympathetic cooperation and active 
 practical support given them by Sir William Osler in the 
 early days of their organization; that in this sense it forms 
 an integral part of that great wave of advancement in 
 scientific medicine which he imparted so freely to his young- 
 er contemporaries; and that the legitimate field of work of 
 this Association, namely, the study of morphology and of 
 the technical methods of its approach, was the avenue 
 through which, by years of faithful study and service, Osler, 
 the most beloved physician of our day, attained those high 
 achievements in clinical teaching and practice that place 
 him among the Masters of Medicine of all time. 
 
 During the six years that have elapsed since then, 
 this original plan has been extended, as has been pointed 
 out by Professor Welch in the Foreword, so that it now 
 includes articles reminiscent of every phase of Osler’s ac- 
 tivities, and the entire span of his many-sided life. The 
 causes for this expansion of the original idea have lain in 
 part in the extraordinarily active response which was made 
 to the appeal for contributions in the form of original 
 articles written especially for this volume, which by 
 their own content largely decided its extended scope, 
 while their value and importance demanded and deserved 
 the more complete setting that is here given; and 
 
 further, the generous and substantial support which was 
 XIX 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 XX EDITORIAL PREFACE —ABBOTT 
 
 given to this undertaking at the outset by those who stood 
 closest to Sir William Osler in his professional and private 
 life, and which was felt by the Editors, who were thus spon- 
 sored, as pledging them to the production of a worthy and 
 lasting memorial. In this connection we refer especially to 
 the grant made by the National Research Council of Wash- 
 ington, on the recommendation of Professor William H. 
 Welch, towards the cost of publication of this volume and of 
 Bulletin VIII as a ‘‘ Journal of Technical Methods” (Part I 
 of the Memorial), and the large initial contributions to the 
 publication fund of this volume made by the late Sir Edmund 
 Osler, the late Hon. Mr. Justice Featherston Osler and 
 others.* Even in its present form, however, the work has, 
 we think, remained true, in the larger sense, to its original 
 conception, for the cultural influences of Osler’s boyhood and 
 the intensive morphological studies of his earlier professional 
 years, strike a dominant note in nearly all the contributions, 
 and run, like a golden thread, through the various periods of 
 his life, revealing themselves here as the direct antecedents of 
 the culminated experience and influence that enriched his 
 later years. In the volume as it now stands, there are 
 omissions, and, in spite of considerable pruning, there is 
 still some overlapping, but the one hundred and nineteen 
 articles which it contains are sufficiently diversified and 
 representative to permit of their construction here into an 
 ordered whole, from which, as well as from its Bibliographies, 
 there shines a light which, we venture to hope, may help 
 to keep the torch of memory aglow. In any case, the object 
 of this volume will have been attained if it fills the double 
 purpose of serving as an Appendix to Dr. Cushing’s great 
 Biography, and of supplying, as it were, the unsmelted ore 
 from which the future historian may extract that first-hand 
 evidence which may enable him to rightly estimate the 
 
 
 
 *See List of Subscribers to the Publication Fund at back of this volume 
 
 
 
EDITORIAL PREFACE—ABBOTT XXl 
 
 service which William Osler rendered to his day and gener- 
 ation, and, through these, to the generations yet to come. 
 
 This volume may not go to press without expressing 
 the thanks of those who have been engaged in its prepar- 
 ation to those who have made its appearance possible by 
 their generous subscriptions to its publication fund, and 
 to all who have assisted in its composition by articles 
 or illustrations. To’ Professor William H. Welch and the 
 late Sir Thomas Clifford Allbutt our gratitude especially 
 goes out for their delightful introductory articles, by means 
 of which they have set upon this memorial the stamp and 
 seal of Osler’s two greatest contemporaries in the English 
 speaking world, who have together shared with him the 
 heights of international fame, and whose personal intimacy 
 was among his dearest joys. By his masterly survey and 
 apprizement of the volume and its contents in his Foreword, 
 Professor Welch has given dignity and unity to this whole 
 endeavor; while the tender feeling for his beloved colleague 
 that breathes from what proved to be Sir Clifford Allbutt’s 
 last literary production, has tinged his Proem with the 
 charm of personal affection and the pathos of a touch that 
 is but now stilled. 
 
 It is our pleasant duty to acknowledge, too, the assis- 
 tance rendered in the editorial and executive part of the 
 work of this volume, and in this connection our sincerest 
 thanks are here expressed to Professor F. J. Shepherd, Osler’s 
 early college-mate and colleague and life-long friend, for 
 his revision of practically all the accepted manuscripts; to 
 Professor Charles F. Martin, Dean of the Medical Faculty 
 of McGill, for acting as joint Trustee of the moneys received 
 for the publication fund, and for receiving subscriptions in 
 Canada; to Dr. W. C. Davison of the Jobns Hopkins 
 Medical School, for receiving subscriptions in the United 
 States, and for otherwise furthering the distribution; 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 XXII EpiroriAL PREFACE—ABBOTT 
 
 to Sir Humphry Rolleston and Dr. Lydia Henry, for 
 their kindness in receiving and forwarding subscrip- 
 tions from Great Britain, and to Dr. Henry and Dr. 
 Margaret Owens of Montreal, for assistance with the proofs 
 of the Classified Bibliography; to Major James F. Coupal, 
 of the Army Medical Museum, Washington, for placing his 
 resources at the disposal of the Editors in the work of the 
 Classified and Annotated Bibliography, and for promoting 
 in every way in his power the interest and advancement of 
 the work; to Dr. Archibald Malloch, for the assistance 
 rendered by his judgment and intimate personal knowledge 
 of the facts with which this volume deals; to Miss Edith 
 Brownlee, Secretary of the McGill Medical Museum, for 
 her efficient conduct of the local side of the work; and to 
 the Murray Printing Company of Toronto, for their 
 patience, co-operation and skill in overcoming the many 
 difficulties that have attended the publication of this volume. 
 
 Mavups E. ABBOTT, 
 
 April, 1926 For the Committee 
 COMMITTEE 
 Editorial Board 
 F. B. MALLORY, - - Boston JAMES EWING, - New York 
 A. S. WARTHIN, - = Ann Arbor G. R. CALLENDER, Washington 
 L. J. RHEA, - - ~- Montreal H. T. KARSNER, - Cleveland 
 
 JAMES F. COUPAL, Washington E. B. KRUMBHAAR, Philadelphia 
 
 Managing Editor 
 MAUDE E. ABBOTT 
 McGill University, Montreal 
 
 Editors of Classified Bibliography 
 
 FIELDING H. GARRISON; HENRY W. CATTELL 
 Washington 
 
 Editorial Secretary 
 
 EDITH BROWNLEE 
 836 University St., Montreal 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 Frontispiecr. From a photograph presented by Lady Osler Page 
 for publication in this volume. 
 
 Foreworp. William Osler ... . i 
 William H. Welch, M.D., Sc.D., LED. Rulitniire: Ma. 
 
 Prorem. William Osler... . YS ee 
 Rt. Hon. Sir Clifford Allbutt, ay C. B., F R. C. P., F. RS. 
 Late Regius Professor of Physic, Cauibnides: England 
 
 Editorial Note. [The Death of Sir Clifford Allbutt] . . . xvii 
 
 EpITorRIAL Prerace: ‘‘For the Committee” .. . XIX 
 Maude E. Abbott, M.D., L.R.C.P. & S. (Edin.), Manient, 
 
 Pan. Witten Galler On Se SS ee eee 
 W.S. Thayer, D.S.M., M.D., LL.D., Baltimore, Md. 
 EDITORIALS: 
 
 Osler and the International Association of Medical 
 
 Museums . . l 
 A. 8S. Warthin, A. M.., M.D. Ph. D.., Aaa Arter Mich. 
 
 Osler and the Medical Museum ; 5 
 Sir Arthur Keith, K.B.E., F.R.S., i D.., “FR. C. s.. 
 D.Sc., Tpndons E avlond 
 eR oe itp ya ek eas 7 
 Oskar Klotz, M.D., Toronto 
 Osler—Educateur. . . . eee 9 
 Professor Pierre Mes arie, eer Ficus 
 Osler and Endocarditis and Mycotic Aneurisms . . . 10 
 
 E. Libman, M.D., New York 
 
 Xxlll 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 XXIV TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 Eprroriats—C ontinued 
 Page 
 Ser maa ogy. ww A 
 L. J. Rhea, M.D., Montreal 
 The Duty of the Disciple . .....-+-+-+++- ji 
 C. N. B. Camac, M.D., New York 
 Osler’s Gift to the Study of Medicine .... - cree 
 James F. Coupal, M.D., Washington, D.C. 
 Sir William Osler in Roma .......+ +4425 18 
 Professor Ettore Marchiafava, Rome, Italy 
 Literary Influences on the Writings of Osler 25 
 
 Francis R. Packard, M.D., Philadelphia 
 
 Osler und die Geschichte der Medizin . . . jn a 
 Professor Karl Sudhoff, Leipzig, Germany 
 
 
 
 GENERAL ARTICLES: 
 
 
 
 Osler’s Place in the History of Medicine. ...... 29 
 Lt.-Col. Fielding H. Garrison, M.C., (U.S.A.), M.D., 
 Washington, D.C. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 pee Wn titi ig oo) oe ae dara oe Bera: 
 Sir German Sims Woodhead, F.R.C.P., (Edin.), 
 F.R.S., Cambridge, England 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Influence of Pathology upon the Clinical Medicine 
 ee Ae en pe a ey ee 37 
 Thomas McCrae, M.D., F.R.C.P. (Lond.) Pitiadetohie 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Osler as Clinician and Teacher. ......... po ae 
 C. F. Martin, M.D., Montreal 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sir William Osler, Teacher and Student ...... 46 
 Rufus Cole, M.D., New York 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Influence of Dr. Osler on American Medicine . . 52 
 George M. Kober, M.D., Washington, D.C. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Osler aad Tabeecahen: eae So Poss ae 
 Joseph H. Pratt, A.M., M.D., Boston, Mass. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXV 
 
 GENERAL ARTICLES—Continued 
 
 Pag? 
 Sir William Osler’s part in the Medical History of the 
 War and the Organization of the British Medical 
 War Collectieng ae ae. pote ge RD 
 J.G. Adami, C.B.E., F. R. S., LL.D., F.R.C. s. Diseenan 
 Osler, the Medical Editor ..-- +--+ + +++: 88 
 Henry W. Cattell, A.M., M.D., Editor of the 
 International Clinics, Washington, D.C. 
 Osler in: Vacation 4.) brie ks CSS es ANE | | 
 Henry Barton Jacobs, M.D., Ralimore. Md. 
 Sir William Osler asa Bibliophile ......-- 9 
 
 Leonard L. Mackall, Savannah, Ga. 
 
 Sir William Osler on The Evolution of Modern Medi- 
 cine. ear Ge Set RY Se aa te ena eS ft | 
 
 W. W. Chisel M.D., Moniveal 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL: 
 Early Years (1849-1869) 
 
 The Early Life of Sir William Osler, his Cultural and 
 
 Scientific Training. i... 4. RESIS as 109 
 Norman B. Gwyn, M.D., Toronto 
 Osler as Naturaligg: 40 2 eas Ge ee Re 149 
 
 J. L. Todd, M.D., Montreal 
 
 Montreal Period (1870-1884) 
 Address on Osler’s Montreal Period, delivered at the 
 Osler Memorial Meeting of the New York Academy 
 of Medicine, February,1920 .......:.:. 153 
 F. J. Shepherd, M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.S., Montreal 
 
 Osler’s Early Work for Canadian Scientific Societies and 
 
 asa Teacher in Montreal . . Se ee eee 
 A. D. Blackader, M.A., M.R.C. S., LL.D Montreal 
 The Earlier Years of Sir William Osler .....-.- - 163 
 E. J. A. Rogers, M.D., Denver, Colorado 
 Recollections of Sir William Osler .....-...-: 171 
 
 Marian Osborne, Ottawa 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 XXV1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 Page 
 Student Reminiscences from Montreal Period: 
 Geo. E. Armstrong (M.D. 1877), Montreal. . . . 175 
 D. Gibb Wishart (M.D. 1882), Toronto ....- - 176 
 Casey A. Wood (M.D. 1877), LLD., DG Tx, 
 Ey oy ay se Sw ae ae . AS 
 J.B. Lawford (M.D. 1879), LL.D.,F.R.C.S., yak: ‘ 
 London, England .. . 179 
 
 
 
 
 
 Murdoch Chisholm (M.D. 1879), Halifax, N.S. . . 180 
 J. Herbert Darey (M.D. 1885), Sioux City, Iowa . 180 
 R. F. Ruttan (M.D. 1884), and (through R. F. R.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the late Wyatt Galt Johnston (M.D., 1884) . . 182 
 A. Schmidt (M.D. 1886), Montreal . ..... . 183 
 E. Wier Smith (M.D. 1882), West Meriden, Conn. 184 
 
 
 
 
 
 I. The Pathological Collections of the late Sir William 
 Osler at McGill University. Early Academic In- 
 fluences. McGill’s Heroic Past. II. Personal 
 Reminiscence: 24537 a ey eee ke 185 
 
 Maude E. Abbott, M.D., L.R.C.P. & S.; Montreal 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sir William Osler and the McGill Medical Library . . 200 
 Jean Cameron, Montreal 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 iM i A reminiscence of Sir William Osler. . ...... 202 
 i D. Bryson Delavan, M.D., New York 
 
 
 
 Philadelphia Period (1885-1889) 
 
 
 
 
 
 ForEworpD—Dr. William Osler in Philadelphia . . . . 205 
 C. K. Mills, A.M., M.D., Ph.D., Philadelphia 
 
 
 
 Dr. William Osler in Philadelphia ......... 208 
 George Dock, A.M., M.D., D.Sc., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 
 
 
 
 | 1 Osler as a Teacher and Clinician in Philadelphia . . 212 
 Hobart Amory Hare, M.D., LL.D., Philadelphia 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXVI1i 
 
 Student Reminiscences from Philadelphia Period: sch 
 Jos. Leidy, 2nd A.M., M.D., Philadelphia . . 218 
 William A. Edwards, M.D., Los Angeles. . . 221 | 
 Charles W. Burr, M.D., Philadelphia . . . . 222 
 F.X. Dercum, A.M., Ph.D., M.D., Philadelphia 225 
 Morris J. Lewis, M.D., Philadelphia ... . 227 
 Harry M. Toulmin, M.D., Philadelphia . . . 229 
 A. C. Wood, M.D., Philadelphia . . .. . 231 
 Khzabeth L. Peck, M.D., Philadelphia ... 231 
 
 The Pathological Records of the Blockley Hospital . 232 
 H. h. M. Landis, A.M., M.D., Philadelphia 
 
 Osler’s Connection with the College of Physicians of 
 E92 Te cee ERR ge QUAN TT Oe Se Nae eM 
 E. B. Krumbhaar, Ph.D., M.D., Philadelphia 
 
 Dr. Osler in Philadelphia, Editor and Clinician ... 243 
 J.C. Wilson, A.M., M.D., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 237 
 
 A ‘Tribute to Sit Wiliam Oster... See SS. 246 
 W.W. Keen, Ph.D., M.D., Sc.D., LL.D., M.D. (Hon.) 
 Paris, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Books and the Man—William Osler. Poem... . . 249 
 
 By the late S. Weir Mitchell, M.D. of Philadelphia 
 
 Baltimore Period (1889-1905) 
 
 ForEworD—Dr. Osler as the young Physician’s Friend 
 RATE eg gags Bae eae 251 
 Llewellys F. Barker, M.D., M.D.(Hon.), LL.D., Baltimore 
 
 Osler as I knew him at Philadelphia and Johns Hopkins 259 
 Howard A. Kelly, M.D., LL.D., Baltimore 
 
 The Personality of William Osler in Baltimore . .. 262 
 Henry M. Hurd, M.A., M.D., LL.D., Baltimore 
 
 Oster and the Beadenb oe See a a EN 265 
 T’. Rk. Brown, M.D., Baltimore 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 XXVIll TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 BALTIMORE PERIop—Continued P 
 age 
 
 Early Days at the Johns Hopkins Hospital with Dr. Osler 268 
 H. A. Lafleur, M.D., M ontreal 
 
 A Personal Appreciation of the late Sir William Osler 273 
 John T. Finney, M.D., F.R.C.S. (Hon.), Baltimore 
 
 NONE EIT CON SAIL SCO EE RSE I SE ee ie Es . as 
 W. S. Thayer, M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.P.1I. Baltimore 
 
 Reminiscences of Sir William Osler . .-- +++: : 294 
 Charles P. Emerson, M.D., Indianapolis 
 
 Student Reminiscences: 
 A.C. Abbott, M.D., Sc.D., D.P.H., Philadelphia 304 
 George Blumer, M.D., New Haven, Conn. . . 306 
 Tillie M. Spencer, Baltimore ...-+-+-.:- 308 
 Hunter Robb, M.D., Winchester, Mass.. . . 309 
 Esther Rosencrantz, M.D., San Francisco . . 310 
 
 Lawrence J. Rhea, M.D., Montreal .... . 311 
 Helen MacMurchy, M.D., Ottawa ..... 3il 
 D. S. Lamb, M.D., Washington, D.C... . . 314 
 
 H. E. Robertson, M.D., Rochester, Minn. .. 315 
 
 ike ada Pepe ee oe 
 C. D. Parfitt, M.D., Gravenhurst, Ont 
 
 Making Ward-Rounds with “Dr. Osler”... ... 320 
 Claribel Cone, M.D., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Osler and the Anti-Tuberculosis Movement. Personal 
 
 TBIATIICRN nr, a en ee a 321 
 S. Adolphus Knopf, B.Sc., M.D. (Paris), New York 
 
 Osler and Medical Gatherings ........4.2.. 328 
 C. N. B. Camac,*M.D., New York, 
 
 Dr. Osler and the Interurban Clinical Club .... . 333 
 
 David Riesman, M.D.,*Philadelphia 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS XX1X 
 
 BALTIMORE PERIOD—Continued 
 Page 
 
 Dr. Osler and the Medical Profession of Maryland . . 338 
 Harry Friedenwald, M.D., Baltimore 
 
 Osler’s Influence on Medical Libraries in America . . 340 
 John Ruhréh, M.D., Baltimore 
 
 English Period (1905-1919) 
 
 Sir William Osler in Great Britain (Foreword) . . 347 
 Sir Humphry Rolleston, Bart., K.C.B., C.B., M.A.., M. D. 
 D.C.L. (Hon. 3: i, D. (ten. ye D. Sc. 
 President of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 
 Regius Professor of Physic, Cambridge University, 
 Physician-in-Ordinary to H. M. the King, 
 London, England 
 
 Appreciation of Sir William Osler ......... 352 
 Sir William Hale-White, K.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P.., 
 (Lond.), London, England 
 
 Sir Wilham Osler’s Work at the Radcliffe Infirmary 
 and for the Prevention of Tuberculosis . . 306 
 William Collier, M.A., D.M., M.R.C.P., Oxford, England 
 
 Personal Reminiscence?) Se ee EN 360 
 F. Parkes Weber, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. (Lond.), 
 London, Rngland 
 
 The Influence of Sir William Osler in Oxford ... . 3860 
 Charles Singer, M.D., D.Litt., F.R.C.P., London, England 
 
 me wiem Celer at Oxford «2 4. ee ee eS 363 
 Archibald Malloch, M.D., M.R.C.P. (Lond.), Montreal 
 
 pal Vere conte ey Ontord: * 2.) OS ke ee 378 
 A. G. Gibson, B.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.P., Oxford, England 
 
 Sir William Osler and an Oxford Medical Student .. 381 
 Wilburt C. Davison, M.D., Baltimore 
 
 A Medical Student’s Memories of the Regius Professor 385 
 Wilder Penfield, M.D., New York, N.Y. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 XXX TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 ENGLISH Prerrop—Continued 
 Page 
 
 Reminiscences of Sir William Osler in England . - - 388 
 Wu Lien-Teh (G. L. Tuck), M.A., M.D., (Cantab)., 
 Hon. LL.D. (Hongkong), Litt.D. (Peking), Se.D. 
 (Shanghai), Director and C.M.O. of the Man- 
 churian Plague Prevention Service, Phy- 
 sician Extraordinary to the Prest- 
 dent of China 
 
 Sir William Osler and the American Medical Officer . . 391 
 Brig-General Francis A. Winter, M.C., U.S., Army, 
 M.D., Washington, D.C. 
 
 fmprompii.in. Library =. - +: + * see 393 
 Edward Clark Streeter, M.D., Boston, Mass. 
 Osler and Art. A Reminiscence. . +--+ ++ -:° 397 
 R. Tait McKenzie, M.D., LL.D. (Hon.), Philadelphia 
 A Visit with Dr. Osler in Cater 26 ee ae 398 
 Walter M. Bierring, M.D., M.R.C.P., (Edin.), 
 Des Moines, Ia. 
 Glimpses of Osler During Pa WR 50385 Oe ee 402 
 
 Henry Viets, M.D., Boston 
 
 Gir William Osler as Host to Americans in England 
 
 een ne WED se ee a es 406 
 G. W. Norris, M.D., Philadelphia 
 
 Sir William Osler—Physician and Philanthropist— 
 Glimpses during the World War. ..---- - 409 
 Edgar Lorrington Gulcreest, M.D., San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Recollections of Sir Will-am Osler’s Visit to No. 3 Cana- 
 dian General Hospital (McGill) ......-.-. 419 
 C. A. P. Howard, M.D., Iowa City 
 
 igs Tah aye eo ee eee ee a eS 421 
 J. George Adami, C.B.E., F.R.S., LL.D., Liverpool 
 
 William Osler. Poem . 2... +s shee wees 429 
 Marian Osborne, Ottawa, Canada 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXX 
 
 EnGuisH Periop—Continued 
 
 Page 
 
 tam, tee Ge MINE tah ota) Pcie ee) Wc ce BE 430 
 T. R. Brown, M.D., Baltimore 
 
 Envoi: Sir William Osler, Clinician, Teacher. ... . 431 
 
 Stewart R. Roberts, M.D., Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Sir William Osler als Verktinder der Internationalen 
 Medizin. (Sir William Osler an Apostle of Inter- 
 Palanan Nee a kb ke ewe eae , 435 
 Professor J. Ludwig Aschoff, Freiburg, Geriany: 
 
 Addendum: Some Personal Recollections of Sir William 
 Osler and his Influence on Students of Medicine. . . 489 
 Lawrason Brown, M.D., Saranac Lake, N.Y. 
 
 Jn Memoriam 
 
 The Sir William Osler Memorial at Oxford. (Extract 
 from letter receivedfrom:) .........-. 451 
 Sir Archibald E. Garrod, K.C.M.G., F.R.S., LL.D., 
 F.R.C.P. (Lond.), M.R.C.S., Regius Professor of 
 Medicine, Oxford University 
 
 The Unveiling of the Oxford Memorial Plaque . . . . 452 
 Lydia S. Henry, M.D., Ch.B. (Sheffield), Montreal 
 
 Brief Report of Presentation of Memorial Plaque to 
 Johns Hopkins Hospital, January 19th, 1925. . . 453 
 T. B. Futcher, M.D., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 The Unveiling of the Osler Memorial Tablet at the 
 Montreal General Hospital .........-. 455 
 Margaret M. Owens, M.B., Montreal 
 
 The Hamilton Memorial for Wentworth County. . . 457 
 J. Heurner Mullin, M.D. (Hon.), Hamilton, Ont. 
 
 The Housing of the Osler Collection in the Medical 
 Building of McGill University. ........ 462 
 C. F. Wylde, M.D., Montreal 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 XXXIl TABLE OF CONTENTS: 
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL: 
 The Johnson Cabinets in the Academy of Medicine 
 of Toronto ... ) nT 
 
 
 
 Jabez H. Elliott, M.D., Toronto 
 
 CLASSIFIED AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIR 
 Wituram Osier’s Pusiications. (Based on the 
 Chrono'ogical Bibliography by Mznnie W. Blogg). 471 
 Compiled, augmented and annotated by Maude E. 
 Abbott, Montreal; Minnie Wright Blogg, Baltimore; 
 
 E. B. Krumbhaar, Philadelphia; and Archibald 
 Malloch, Montreal. Edited by Fielding H. Garrison 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Henry W. Cattell, Washington 
 
 I. Natural Science and Research . . . . + + 448 
 
 II. Pathology, Comparative . . . -« « * «= » 479 
 
 Pathology, Human. 5 so «sa ee 483 
 
 Til. Clinical Medicine . «0 00 oy 3 5 ae 
 
 TV. Literaty Papers... 0* & ee ee 
 
 VY. Medical Education, etc. . < -< «sie ue e ee 
 
 | Vi. Public Welfare; War = < «2 eee 
 
 | Note on Sir William Osler in France . . . . 600 
 
 | Brig. Gen. H. S. Birkett, C.B., M.D., LL.D., 
 i | Montreal 
 VII. Volumes Edited 
 
 
 
 fi sr eg. 1a SG 
 
 
 
 
 
 i) i BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Writincs ABouT OsLER. .... 607 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 List OF SUBSCRIBERS TO THE PUBLICATION FuNpD ... 627 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 FRONTISPIECE: Sir William Osler (Presented by Lady Osler). 
 Photogravure Engraving 
 
 Facing 
 EDITORIALS AND GENERAL ARTICLES: Page 
 William Osler—Enlargement from the haetine by — 
 (Presented by Lady Osler) ... . ; . XXXVI 
 Osler and the Patient ........ Se Soe Syd ae eta | ig Wet 40 
 Osler at the Bedside ........... Le ea aay ae 41 
 Facsimile of page of Osler’s corrected manuscript ..... . 90 
 American Pilgrimage to Louis’ Tomb, October, 1905 .... 91 
 Sir William Osler. From the Bas-relief by Monsieur F, Vernon. 
 By permission of Dr. Henry Barton Jacobs. . . 107 
 BIOGRAPHICAL: 
 Page 
 Coats of Arms, or Seals, of the five Universities which were 
 the scene of Osler’s academic activities. . ....... 107 
 Earity Days: 
 Title Page of “Burrowing and Boring Marine Sasa ® by 
 Raward Ostet) gS es aie re Oa Se ae 113 
 Title Page of “The Life of Admiral Viscount Exmouth” .. . 114 
 Title Page of ‘‘Church and King” . 2 2 e we ee ee ws 115 
 Reproduction from Edward Osler’s “ Burrowing and Boring Ma- 
 rine Animals,’ Philosophical Transactions, 1826, Plate xiv. 116 
 Reproduction from the same, Plate xv . ... +--+ 21 22+» 117 
 Reproduction from ‘Marine Testaceous Mollusca,” by Ed- 
 ward Osler, Proceedings Royal Society ..... a 118 
 Map showing District North of Toronto .......4..-. 119 
 The Parsonage at Bondhead . 6 «ns eke ee es Wes 120 
 Certificate of Sir William Osler’s Baptism .......-.-. 122 
 Acrostic by J. Orlando Orr, M.D. . . 2. 2 1 2 ee ee eo 123 
 
 Family Group showing Sir William Osler at the Age of Seven 124 
 Rey. W. A. Johnson, “Priest of the Parish of Weston”. .. . 127 
 
 XXXill 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 = 
 ~ 
 7 
 = = a —. = = — = ——- = —. -. -- me 
 ——— = = == SS — = => SSS a SS Sa SSS SSS et 
 — a _———" = — ba = + a2 — — ame ‘ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 XXXIV List oF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 Earty Days—Continued Pov 
 Photograph of pages of Johnson’s Catalogue .+- +--+: ++ °* 127 
 School at Weston. with chapel as originally built. . . . +--+ - 129 
 ID TNGGGEIR, ech i Gl Bao eh ae 8. ee ews ee eS 130 
 Osler as Prefect at Weston .....+ +++ eee 28 2 8 8 131 
 Entry at Trinity. From the Register. . ++ ++ - +e ees 131 
 REGIS a a ee rg 6 0 8 6 we eee 135 
 meee CI) on er gg ane “ee oe ae eee 137 
 Title Page from “Anatomy of.the Leech,” by James Bovell 138 
 Original Drawing from the same, by James Bovell. . ..- - 139 
 Microscopes used by Osler . . ..- +--+ se see ee 8 140 
 MonrTREAL Periop: F ge 
 The Medical Faculty of McGill University, 1881 ...... 153 
 Medical Faculty Building, on Coté Street, Montreal, where 
 Osler graduated from McGillin 1872... . . 2... - 155 
 Osler as a Studentat McGill . .. 1... 2 se ee ee 156 
 William Osler, George Ross, F. J. Shepherd, 1879 ...... 157 
 OE NOTE gece Oe al ae a ae Ee 168 
 William Osler—Early Portraits .......4.4.4+.+.2ee6-. 169 
 
 Montreal General Hospital at the time of Osler’s Service. 
 (SE EE mena ta aera, aig ea ele eee i 188 
 
 Malignant Endocarditis of Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Specimen 
 in the Pathological Museum of McGill University, pre- 
 
 wented by Tr; Celerm. 1682 Re ee 190 
 pe ate ei a SR a ge ea ee ne a cer A Toe Pa cr 191 
 A Page from Dr. Osler’s Pathological Reports Book, Montreal 
 
 ijeneral Sicgmin TOT ee hia er ES 196 
 
 McGill Pathological Museum in 1905 (burned down in 1907) 197 
 
 The Reading Room of the McGill Medical Library as it was 
 Sak RONG BG Sk eer oe eae ed te Se Bom 200 
 
 PHILADELPHIA PERIOD: 
 
 Dr. Osler during his Philadelphia period (about 1887) . .. . 204 
 
 Osler at the Orthopaedic Hospital, with Nursing and Interne 
 Staff. (Illustrating the Reminiscence by Dr. Morris Lewis) 205 
 
 Osler at the Blockley Mortuary, about 1886 ........, 232 
 
 
 
List oF ILLUSTRATIONS XXXV 
 
 PHILADELPHIA PeR1op—Continued Facing 
 Page 
 Entrance (Clinic Gate) to Philadelphia General Hospital . . 233 
 Old Pathological Laboratory, Philadelphia General Hospital . 233 
 Entrance of Philadelphia General Hospital and a typical Blockley 
 ‘street’ as it was in Osler’s time. Photogelatin Prints. . 234 
 A Page in Dr. Osler’s Handwriting from Post Mortem Record, 
 Philadelphia Hospital, dated January 7th, 1886 .... . 236 
 Pulmonic Valve with Four Leaflets. Pathological Specimen 
 from one of Dr. Osler’s Autopsies at Blockley. . ... . 237 
 
 Former College of Physicians of Philadelphia as it was during 
 Osler’s sojourn in Philadelphia .......+4+4++-6-s 238 
 
 Interior of Library of College of Physicians—one of Osler’s 
 favourite haunts. Photogelatin Print ......+44+4-s 240 
 
 Pomander Cane presented to the College of Physicians of Phila- 
 delphia by Sir William Osler . . «2. 1s ee ee so 242 
 
 Jouns Hopkins PERIOD: 
 
 Dr. Osler during his Baltimore Period. Photogelatin Print . . 251 
 “The Four Doctors”’ (Halsted, Kelly, Osler and Welch). Photo- 
 
 gelatin Print from the portrait by Sargent ..... : 258 
 Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore. Photogelatin Print .. . 262 
 Dr. Osler and the Resident Staff at the Johns Hopkins Hos- 
 
 EUR, DOU aoe 0s ee Oe Ree ae ea 268 
 Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1891, Chiefs of Staff with Resident 
 
 ART a Se a a ae CES GP ae pt ee 269 
 
 The ‘‘ Practice of Medicine” in the making, 1891. (Dr. Lafleur) 270 
 
 Dr. Osler and Dr. Hurd with Interne Staff of 1892. Photo- 
 ealaten PHN 066 eNOS ae, BOR Le ee 286 
 
 Dr. Osler and Dr. Hurd with the Class of 1898. Photogelatin Print 296 
 Dr. Osler in 1905. (From a photograph by Notman, Montreal) 320 
 Osler at Louis’ Tomb. (Enlargement from the group shown 
 
 reeres AGO BA) ign ek. cee ee ee ee ee 321 
 The Medical Building of McGill University which houses 
 
 its Medical Library and will contain the Osler Library . 344 
 The New Library Building of the Medical and Chirurgical Fa- 
 
 culty of Maryland (contains the Osler Hall) ...... 345 
 
 ENGLISH PERIOD: 
 
 William Osler (Photogravure—by permission ot Dr. Camac). . 347 
 Sir William Osler, Gatord, T0068. ee ee 4 360 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 XXXVI List oF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 ENGLISH PEriop—Continued van 
 Ewelme Almshouse Court Yard ....-+++e*** 368 
 Ewelme Almshouse and Church, Oxford ....-+ ++ es 369 
 William Osler in the Chair of William Jenner. (Presented by 
 Dr. John G. Clark of Philadelphia) ....+.++++:+-. 392 
 Sir William Osler in drawing room of the American Women’s 
 War Hospital. Paignton, South Devonshire, 1915. 410 
 Sir William Osler and Staff of the American Women’s Hospital 
 CeGMMM Cte iis Ss tak a ey 8 De ee ge 411 
 The Oxford Memorial singin near the full-length Statue of 
 eR na cc gl di gg ed a. 8h ee 428 
 In MEMORIAM: 
 The Osler Memorial Plaque in the Court of the University Mu- 
 seum at Oxford. (Kindness of Sir A. E. Garrod) .. . 450 
 ii View of the Oxford Memorial showing American wreath below 
 | it and Statue of Sydenham nearby .......... 451 
 Memorial Portrait Medallion. By R. Tait McKenzie .... 454 
 The Memorial Tablet to Sir William Osler in the Montreal . 
 CAOHOTGL TIOBDIUAL . k.,< -xcoen a, Waa ees ‘ 456 
 | Ame Dandns Rectory on is) sei acs. Sly SS ee 457 
 Mi Hi The Doorway of the Osler Library at McGill University .. . 462 
 | | | Interior of the Osler Library at McGill University ..... 463 
 | BIBLIOGRAPHICAL: 
 il af age 
 A Coats of Arms, or Seals, of Toronto, McGill, Pennsylvania, 
 Ak Johns Hopkins, and Oxford Universities ....... 463 
 ! | Facing 
 i i The interior of the Johnson Cabinets, igidhtien fittings and Page 
 i mo aol Satpal iattay liar vate) aan” ta ae aay ae Cea eae aa 470 
 Cabinet No. 1, closed, showing exterior .......... 471 
 | i Early Microscopic Slides prepared by Osler, from Johnson 
 A il AR a ad sine es Mir geek wi a? Fas ais we KAR 471 
 i Facsimile of page from Osler’s first published article, ‘ ee Page 
 li and the Microscope,’’ Hardwicke’s Science Gossip, 1869 . 475 
 i I i . Title-page of Cartwright Lectures. (Illustrating Rubric I) . . 478 
 | : Title-page of ‘‘ Essai de a ab i etd Hi ie ti ” (Illustrating 
 HHA STAG dO a ee ee Og Oe og 481 
 tA 
 ii \ Title-page of “‘Gulstonian Lectures on sestie e eprint 
 | \ | Lilustrating Manresa) cs. eae wea ; 501 
 Mi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
List oF ILLUSTRATIONS XXXVI11 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL—Continued 
 
 Page 
 Title-page of ‘“Bicuspid Condition of the Aortic Valves. (Il- 
 lustrating Rubric 17.2) ...... aN 505 
 Title-page of first edition of the Practice gaia Medicine. (Illustrat- 
 ing Feabric TTT) oes. Seat ent 535 
 Title-page of “The Ball-Valve Gall-stone in the Common Duet.” 
 (iliwetrating Rubio 18D). oo os ee ee Re ea 541 
 Title-page of “Visceral Lesions of the Erythema Group.” (Il- 
 lustr: Btihe TIPE ai Be ees aes Oe 545 
 Title-page of “On a Family Form of Recurring Epistaxis.”’ 
 (Hiustratine Ruopric Bh)! oy oe ee AS ee SE 547 
 Title-page of “Chronic Cys anosis with Polycythzmia and En- 
 larged Spleen, ete.’ ‘(illustrating Rubric II) ... . . 549 
 Title-page of ‘Chronic Infectious Endocarditis.” 2S 
 Pitre HE) a. eta eres 555 
 Title-page of “‘ Religio Medici.” — ating RubricIV) . . . 565 
 Title-page of “Thomas Linacre.’”’ (Illustrating Rubric 2 ae 566 
 Title page of Osler’s first Laboratory Manual soaeresegeenln for 
 Students’ Use. (Illustrating Rubric V) .. . 579 
 Title-page of ‘‘The Medical Clinic—A series ditty and Forecast.’ 
 (Illustrating Rubrie V). . 589 
 Title-page of “Bacilli and Bullets.”’ (Illustrating Rubric V1) 598 
 Title page of the first book seen by Osler through the Press . . 603 
 
 Title page of vol. I of first Edition of ‘‘Modern Medicine” . . 606 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 OSLER 
 
 
 
 a” eye whose magic wakes the hidden'springs 
 Of slumbering fancy in the weary mind. 
 
 A tongue that dances with the ready word 
 
 That like an arrow seeks its chosen goal, 
 
 And piercing all the barriers of care, 
 
 
 
 Opens the way to warming rays of hope. 
 
 
 
 A presence like the freshening breeze that as 
 
 
 
 It passes, sweeps the poisoned cloud aside. 
 An ear that ’mid the discords of the day, 
 Swings to the basic harmonies of life. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A heart whose alchemy transforms the dross 
 Of dull suspicion to the gold of love. 
 
 
 
 
 
 A spirit like the fragrance of some flower 
 
 That lingers round the spot that this has graced, 
 To tell us that although the rose be plucked 
 And spread its perfume throughout distant halls, 
 The vestige of its sweetness quickens still 
 
 The conscience of the precinct where it bloomed. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Baltimore, May, 1919 W.S. THAYER 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 Enlargement from the painting ‘<The Four Doctors’ at the Johns Hopkins University 
 BY JOHN SARGENT 
 
 
 
BULLETIN No. IX 
 
 OF THE 
 
 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 
 OF MEDICAL MUSEUMS 
 
 Sir William Osler Memorial Niumber 
 
 PERSONAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 EDITED BY 
 MAUDE E. ABBOTT, M.D. 
 
 THE MEDICAL MUSEUM, McGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL 
 APRIL, 1926 
 
 EDITORIAL 
 
 OSLER AND THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 
 OF MEDICAL MUSEUMS 
 
 M* personal acquaintance with Dr. Osler began in my 
 
 own pathological laboratory and museum sometime 
 in the later nineties. He had stopped over in Ann Arbor 
 as a guest of Dr. Dock, who, showing him the University, 
 brought him finally into the crude quarters in which I was 
 endeavouring to build up a department of pathology. My 
 autopsy service, under twenty-five yearly, had in the course 
 of several years furnished me with about two hundred mu- 
 seum specimens. This small collection was not passed by 
 with hurried superiority or indifference, but was examined 
 by him with most evident interest and sympathy. It 
 contained some unique specimens of leukemia and perni- 
 cious anemia to which he reacted just as I saw him later 
 react to a rare book. One of these was a preparation of 
 haemolymph nodes from the prevertebral tissues of a case 
 of pernicious anemia. These quite excited him, because 
 he had, as early as 1885, noted the occurrence in pernicious 
 anemia of lymph glands having “a rich red colour, on sec- 
 
 tion looking more like spleen tissue than lymph gland.” 
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 2 EprrorRIAL—W ARTHIN 
 
 He was much pleased to have this observation of his corrobo- 
 rated and explained by another worker, and after looking 
 at the microscopical sections of these glands, and listening 
 to my interpretation of them as haemal nodes, he shook 
 hands with me warmly saying, “A little field well-tilled! 
 How much more may come from it than from a large one 
 with its surface only scratched!”’ 7 
 
 It may easily be imagined what effect this had upon the 
 young pathologist—what encouragement and stimulus de- 
 rived from such sympathetic appreciation! The memory 
 is indelible; the glow of the reaction persists to this day. 
 As my knowledge of the man grew, I came to know that this 
 was Osler—the fine and ready appreciation of the work of 
 others, and the sympathetic expressions of appreciation. 
 In his generation of medical men there was no other one 
 like him in this respect. How often and to how many did 
 he send those little notes of praise and encouragement signed 
 ‘Osler’! They must have influenced the development of 
 American medicine to a degree that can never be fully 
 realized. And who is there to take his place in this respect 
 with the younger generation of American medical students! 
 
 Osler’s interest in pathology and in the collection of 
 specimens of disease, as shown in his early days at McGill 
 University, and in his association with that medical museum, 
 has been written of by others. His student days were 
 characterized by his interest in the autopsy and the micro- 
 scope; his graduating thesis was on Pathological Anatomy; 
 and the earlier years of his professional life were occupied 
 with the formation of the pathological collections that to- 
 day constitute one of the most valued treasures of the McGill 
 Medical Museum. In how great a degree these contri- 
 buted to his later views regarding various diseases and their 
 complications is revealed in his medical writings. 
 
 Dr. Osler had the clearest and broadest conception of 
 Pathology as the fundamental science of Medicine. He had 
 also the museum’ instinct. To him the pathological speci- 
 men, properly prepared and catalogued, was a record of dis- 
 
 
 
 
 
EprrorIAL—WARTHIN 3 
 
 ease more instructive than any text-book description could 
 possibly be. He valued rare specimens as he valued rare 
 editions. Each had a wonderful beauty of its own—valuable 
 in that it demonstrated some essential bit of knowledge of 
 disease for which it should be preserved as an individual 
 record. He had the feeling of the old-time naturalist for 
 these specimens. He loved to look at them, comparing and 
 contrasting, seizing upon their individual points, and 
 correlating these with the clinical symptoms produced by 
 them. He knew, moreover, how to describe them in such a 
 telling way as to excite interest in the most apathetic of 
 medical students. The pages of descriptions of the patho- 
 logical specimens catalogued by him during his Montreal 
 years bear eloquent witness to his enthusiasm for this 
 branch of medical teaching; and this enthusiasm of his earlier 
 years of pathological training never left him. Indeed, it 
 constituted one of the most important factors of his success 
 as a teacher of internal medicine, and it gave to his text- 
 book that individual flavour, which made it unique. 
 
 It was to be expected then that Dr. Os!er would be 
 sympathetic with the aims of the International Association 
 of Medical Museums. He was much more than that; he 
 showed great enthusiasm over the plan for its foundation, 
 and aided the charter members in every possible way. He 
 believed there was a great need for such an association. He 
 deprecated the neglect of museum development and mu- 
 seum teaching shown by so many medical schools, particu- 
 larly those in the United States, during the first decade of the 
 twentieth century; and he believed that a museum association 
 could stimulate and reawaken such interests. At its found- 
 ation in 1907, he was made its first honorary member. 
 
 On May 13th, 1911, Dr. Osler called a meeting of Bri- 
 tish medical men interested in medical museum work, 
 at the Royal College of Surgeons in London, for the purpose 
 of organizing a British branch of the Association. As a 
 result of this meeting all the medical men present became 
 members of the Association. Plans for cooperation with 
 
 
 
4 EprrorIAL— WARTHIN 
 
 
 
 the Pathological Society, the Anatomical Society and the 
 Royal Society of Medicine were adopted, and for the meet- 
 ing of the Association in conjunction with the International 
 Congress of Medicine to be held in 1913. These plans re- 
 sulted in a most successful meeting at this Congress. Dr. 
 Osler used all of his influence to advance the cause of this 
 association and at the London meeting spoke at length of its 
 aims and possibilities, prefacing his remarks with a tribute 
 to the memory of Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, as ‘a, pioneer 
 worker in the field of medical museums, a collector in the 
 most scientific sense, and a demonstrative teacher of the 
 highest type.’’ Dr. Osler further urged the establishment 
 and endowment of such popular museums as the Hutchin- 
 son Museum at Haslemere. He further emphasized his 
 belief that there was a field and a definite need for an Asso- 
 ciation that would occupy itself with the presentation of the 
 methods of museum technique and demonstrative teach- 
 ing. These important matters did not receive sufficient 
 consideration in other societies, and he believed that an 
 International Association for the exchange of museum 
 material, and for a discussion of museum methods was a 
 practical one, and should be carried out. 
 
 Such plans were actually perfected at this meeting, 
 and the International Association of Medical Museums 
 reached its high-water mark as an international organiza- 
 tion during the following year with local sections in nine 
 countries and two hundred and sixty-two members scattered 
 throughout the entire civilized world. Then came the War, 
 and with it vanished in a large degree the international 
 character of our association. It has survived actively only 
 in Canada and the United States. During all of these ter- 
 rible years Dr. Osler’s interest never abated. The ap- 
 pearance of Bulletins IV, V, VI and VII brought from him 
 each time congratulatory notes, and the hope that the 
 Association would survive the great disaster to assume once 
 again its international character and be a means of reunit- 
 ing the severed relations of medical teachers and scientists 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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EDITORIAL—KEITH 5 
 
 throughout the world. Ill himself, sorrowing and anxious, 
 he, nevertheless, found time, not long before his death, to 
 write ‘‘ What a splendid thing your Special War Bulletin is!”’ 
 
 The Association has lost its strongest friend! Is it not 
 our part to take up the work again and place it where he 
 hoped to see it—once more an International Association 
 for the advancement of peace and knowledge. 
 
 ALDRED Scott WARTHIN, 
 Ann Arbor, Michigan. 
 
 OSLER AND THE MEDICAL MUSEUM 
 
 N recalling the services rendered by the late Sir William 
 Osler for Medical Museums, please give this instance a 
 place. He was the moving force which led to the formation 
 of an Imperial Collection of Medical Specimens during the 
 late War. He pulled the handle which set the collecting 
 machine in motion. The Director General of the Army 
 Medical Service, Sir Alfred Keogh and his Colleague with 
 the Army in France, Prof. T. R. Elliott, Prof. Shattock, 
 Mr. Beadles and myself were parts of that machine. Sir 
 William Osler had a passion for original documents. Speci- 
 mens are original documents; the most accurate of descrip- 
 tions and drawings are at the best but second-hand records, 
 they are but reflections of the minds which wrote or made 
 them. He saw, at the outset, the importance of having 
 the medical history of the great War recorded in original 
 documents, and knew the right strings to pull to set the col- 
 lecting machine in motion, and then having seen it started, 
 he gave his attention to matters more directly concerned 
 with the welfare of wounded and sick soldiers. 
 I may here also place on record, some other impressions 
 I formed of him, for he came often to the Museum of the 
 Royal College of Surgeons. He was, as all really great 
 medical men are, an enthusiastic and understanding wor- 
 shipper of John Hunter. There was one particular speci- 
 men of Hunter’s he never ceased to be excited over :—a piece 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 6 Ep1IToORIAL— KEITH 
 
 of small intestine from a hog, studded with air cysts; it was 
 sent to Hunter by Edward Jenner, and the gaseous contents 
 of the cysts were analysed by Henry Cavendish. The speci- 
 men links three great names together. 
 
 Osler’s own body and brain were live museums. His 
 body—of but medium stature, but ever active—his dark 
 sallow complexion, hair which had been black, but now turn- 
 ing grey, his ample head of the long type; all these are the 
 traditional characteristics of the man of the South—the 
 Mediterranean type of man. He was Cornish, with live 
 Celtic fires ever ablaze in his brain. He saw so deeply into 
 life that he felt the humour of it. There was much of the 
 Will-o’-the-Wisp about him; you put out your mental 
 hand to catch him, as it were, and before you could touch 
 him he was gone. Never a man masked, so successfully, 
 earnestness of purpose and a real love of his fellowmen with 
 a glimmering veil of humour. He was most in earnest when 
 he was most in fun. 
 
 A future generation will never understand the love which 
 Osler’s own generation lavished on him, and the respect in 
 which it held him. He was an outstanding figure in the 
 medical life of his time, but it was not what he did for medical 
 progress that made him great and loved. He was really 
 great and truly loved, because his qualities and abilities 
 made him the central pivot round which the social medical 
 life of two continents turned; it was through him that the 
 international medical wheels turned with an easy move- 
 ment. By his death the central pivot may be said to have 
 fallen out; this is why his passing from among us has made 
 such a difference in the professional lives of all who work 
 for the progress of our calling, and why it has left a blank— 
 a felt blank—in medicine in this country, greater than has 
 resulted from the passing of any other man in my time. 
 
 ARTHUR KEITH, 
 
 Royal College of Surgeons 
 of England. 
 
 
 
EpITORIAL—KLoTz 7 
 
 OUR DEBT 
 
 EADERSHIP in science marks progress. The art and 
 science of medicine of to-day are the richer because of 
 Osler; not because he has left us with just one more instru- 
 ment to war against the enemies of health, nor because he 
 has made an individual discovery upon which he could rest 
 his reputation for the leisure of the passing years, but be- 
 cause there was the man glowing with the ideals of a greater 
 medicine, and constantly striving to implant the enthusiasm 
 for work and new knowledge into all of his students and 
 associates. 
 
 Sir William Osler was a leader in medicine, the like 
 has not occurred for many generations. He was more 
 than a leader, for his influence had a richer personal touch, 
 often a fatherly interest, whether in praise or criticism. 
 He was equally at home upon the uncomfortable benches 
 before a laboratory table as in the Hospital ward or beside 
 the rich man’s bed. He found interest in all topics relating 
 to disease or its history. He enjoyed the company of young 
 men and appreciated the value of comforting words and 
 anecdote to the aged. All such does not constitute leader- 
 ship or greatness, and we fail to find an appropriate word 
 in the English language descriptive of the many qualities 
 which have placed him amongst the Masters of Medicine. 
 He was an incomparable teacher, a close student of clinical 
 medicine, a laboratory worker and a guide in the pathway of 
 many students. There is no phase of medical practice 
 or of medical education in which he was not interested or 
 in which he played no inconsiderable part during his life- 
 time. 
 
 His interest in the work of Medical Museums was 
 particularly brought home to me upon the occasion of his 
 visit to Montreal in 1905, shortly before the disastrous fire 
 at McGill. Hespent morning after morning reviewing many 
 preparations which he himself had collected more than 
 twenty-five years previously. His memory of each was as 
 
 + 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 EprroriAL—KLotTz 
 
 clear as if it had been obtained yesterday, and he delighted 
 the group who were accompanying him by reciting the 
 clinical data which had made the case an interesting one 
 for study. Many of these specimens had been put on 
 record by him either in Journals or text-books, and he 
 astonished his audience by giving the references of the pub- 
 lications in year, volume and even page. 
 
 This Association was very fortunate in having the 
 enthusiastic support of Sir Wilham Osler, during the early 
 years of its life, when its future was none too well assured, 
 and at a time when some were unwilling to admit its value 
 and the part it would play in the advancement of medical 
 education. Sir William appreciated the need of an organi- 
 zation which would permit the interested groups to ex- 
 change ideas and which would assist in developing the teach- 
 ing value of well established Medical Museums. His 
 assistance to the Association was more directly through 
 personal contact with the individual members than by 
 attendance at the meetings of the Society. But all will 
 recollect the encouragement which he so freely lent us, and 
 on more than one occasion, the material assistance which 
 made our existence possible. 
 
 OsKkaR KLOTZ, 
 University of Toronto. 
 
 
 
 
 
EpItoRIAL—MaRIE 39 
 
 OSLER—EDUCATEUR 
 * Soom ATION des musées médicaux internationaux 
 
 m’a fait Vhonneur de m’inviter a associer mon hommage 
 ad ceux que rendent a la mémoire de Sir William Osler, les 
 hommes qui Vont connu et dont rl avait conquis lV affection et 
 Vadmiration par la simple vertu de son charme naturel. 
 
 Il ne m’appartient pas de parler du savant, non plus que 
 du médecin éminent que tous ont apprécié. On sait aussi 
 quil fait un Professeur remarquable. 
 
 C’est un autre de ses mérites que je voudrais rappeler, un 
 mérite bien rare et d’une valeur inappréciable. 
 
 Sir William Osler fut un merveilleux EDUCATEUR. 
 Je veux parler ici de cette éducation de la jeunesse médicale, sv 
 précieuse, st indispensable a Vhonneur, a la dignité de notre 
 belle profession, dignité dont nous tous Médecins, quelle que 
 soit notre Patrie, devons étre les gardiens et les garants vis a 
 vis V Humanité tout entrére. 
 
 Sir William Osler possédait au plus haut degré toutes les 
 qualités nécessaires pour remplir ce réle d’Educateur . 
 
 Son penchant naturel a regarder les choses, de haut et 
 d'un point de vue philosophique, ses importants travaux scien- 
 tifiques, et par dessus tout sa grande valeur intellectuelle et 
 morale, luc conféraient une autorité incontestée dont rl faisart 
 un noble usage en donnant libéralement, dans ses remar- 
 quables“‘ addresses’’ , les conseils que lui dictarent son expérience, 
 sa sagesse, sa profonde connaissance de lame humaine, et sa 
 grande bonteé. 
 
 Sir William Osler fit non seulement un grand médecin, 
 mais aussi créature d’élite. Nous Vavons tous admiré et 
 aimé. 
 
 PreRRE MARIE, 
 Sallenelles, Calvados, France. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 10 EprroRIAL—LIBMAN 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OSLER AND ENDOCARDITIS AND 
 MYCOTIC ANEURISM 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IR William Osler was always deeply interested in diseases 
 of the heart and vessels and especially in the infectious 
 conditions and in all varieties of aneurisms. As early as 1880, 
 he published a case of endocarditis and meningitis follow- 
 ing pneumonia. In 1881’, he contributed a paper on “In- 
 fectious (so-called ulcerative) endocarditis’. In the same 
 year, there appeared in the Canada Medical and Surgical 
 i Journal,? a communication, in association with Dr. Molson, 
 H i dealing with a case of chorea with recent endocarditis. A 
 ih larger discussion of the subject of endocarditis was present- 
 ed at the International Congress® held in London, in 1881. 
 ny His most important work on endocarditis is contained 
 Wall in his famous Goulstonian Lectures,* delivered in 1885. 
 These lectures were based upon a study of over 200 reported 
 cases, and a considerable experience of his own at the Mon- 
 treal General Hospital. There is nowhere else in the literature 
 such a masterly exposition of the pathology, clinical picture, 
 and diagnosis of endocarditis. It contained all that was 
 known of the subject, written in such a compact, but clear 
 way, that it is necessary to read it over and over again, if 
 one wishes to learn its contents thoroughly. 
 
 In these lectures, there are many remarkable original 
 observations. He points out that the disease is not always 
 ulcerative, and draws attention to the healing processes in 
 the depth of the lesions of even the acute form of the disease, 
 and to the deposition of lime in vegetations. The etio- 
 logical consideration is a very full one. 
 
 After stating that it is rare for vegetations to extend 
 to the arch of the aorta, he describes a case of “‘ulcerative 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 me 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 —_ _ SSS 
 
 i 1. Archives of Medicine, New York, 1881, v, 44-68. 
 
 i ih yen CD ears Medical and Surgical Journal, Montreal, 1880-1881, ix, 
 
 ht 3. Transactions International Medical Congress, London, 1881, i, 341-346. 
 | 4. British Medical Journal, 1885, i, 467, 522 577, 607. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EDITORIAL—LIBMAN 11 
 
 endocarditis’? involving the arch and producing multiple 
 aneurisms. He correctly recognized this condition as a 
 mycotic endarteritis, and thereby described the first case 
 of mycotic aneurisms. Tufnell (1853) and Ponfick (1873) 
 had described cases of embolic aneurism which they con- 
 sidered due to impact on the walls of vessels by bits of cal- 
 careous material thrown off from the valves of the heart. 
 Eppinger’s studies on mycotic aneurisms appeared three years 
 after Osler had made his properly interpreted observation. 
 
 At the time of the delivery of the Goulstonian Lectures, 
 Osler had not met with any cases of the chronic (now called 
 subacute) type of infectious endocarditis. He noted the 
 condition, however, and referred to the observations of 
 Wilks, Bristowe, Coupland, and Lancereaux. 
 
 In 1893° he reported two cases of “The Chronic Inter- 
 mittent Fever of Endocarditis.’’ In this paper, he draws 
 attention to the main features of what is now known as 
 subacute bacterial endocarditis. In 1908°, he described the 
 ten cases which he had observed since delivering the Goul- 
 stonian Lectures. This contribution attracted wide atten- 
 tion. He characterizes these cases as ‘‘not marked especially 
 by chills but by a protracted fever, often not very high, 
 but from four to twelve months duration’. It is not possible 
 in this short note to detail all of the important observations 
 that Osler recorded in this publication, and the remarkable 
 inferences that he drew. Of particular interest is his note 
 on the involvement of the chordae tendineae and the endo- 
 cardium of the left auricle. 
 
 The most important observation which he makes con- 
 cerns the cutaneous manifestation which now carries his 
 name. His attention was first called to this manifestation 
 by Dr. Mullin of Hamilton, Ontario, whose splendid de- 
 scription is cited. He states that the symptom was known 
 to the French, who termed it “‘Nodosités cutanées éphém- 
 éres.”’ In a paper published in the Interstate Journal of 
 
 
 
 5. Practitioner, 1893, 1, 181-190. One of these cases was studied by 
 Mullin. 
 6. Quart. Jour. Med., 1908-1909, 1, 219-230. 
 
 
 
* he 
 P 4 
 ‘ 4 
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 4H 
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 Ve 
 
 
 
 ————————— = = = 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 BUG 
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 12 EprrorRIAL—RHEA 
 
 Medicine’ in 1912, in which he describes a case of ‘‘chronic 
 ‘nfectious endocarditis” with an early history like splenic 
 anemia, Osler again speaks of these lesions and states that 
 he believes them to be pathognomonic®. It was F. Parkes 
 Weber who, in 1913°, wisely suggested calling these lesions 
 ‘Qsler’s spots’’, and ‘‘Osler’s symptom’’, because “it was 
 Osler who had first called general medical attention to their 
 full diagnostic importance and had distinguished them 
 from the ordinary purpuric eruptions not rarely met with 
 in cases of malignant endocarditis”’. The present writer 
 is in the habit of making use of the term “Osler nodes’’. 
 Much more could be written concerning the studies 
 of endocarditis made by Osler. It is an honor for me to be 
 privileged to write what I have concerning this great man 
 and physician, at whose hands I was the recipient of much 
 inspiration and stimulus, and many important kindnesses. 
 
 E. LIBMAN, 
 New York. 
 
 OSLER AND PATHOLOGY 
 
 UR. interest in the early period of Sir William Osler’s 
 life is more than that naturally felt in what may be 
 termed the first formative years in the life of a great man. 
 For he stands very close to the hearts of us all as the cardinal 
 influence in medicine of our time, and the annals of his boy- 
 hood and those of the Universities (Toronto, McGill and 
 Pennsylvania) which knew him in the virgin days of his 
 first incursions into the field of natural science and in the 
 full flood of the activities of his early manhood, should 
 stand to the present generation in medicine as an open 
 book, which all who run may read. A youth passed under 
 the influence of such an excellent teacher and broad-minded 
 man as Dr. Johnson, of Weston, might have formed the 
 
 
 
 7. 1912, xix, 103-107. 
 
 8. The present experience coincides with this view except for their rare 
 occurrence in the so-called atypical verrucous endocarditis. 
 
 9. Quart. Jour. Med., 1913, vi, 384-390. 
 
 
 
 
 
EpITORIAL—RHEA 13 
 
 basis for a life devoted either to the arts or the sciences. 
 Fortunately for us and for the medical world, in his case 
 both arts and sciences held their place and were keenly ap- 
 preciated and understood. His career is of interest to any- 
 one who takes life seriously, but especially to pathologists, 
 first because Sir William did a great deal for and with the 
 pathology of his time, and next because pathology did a 
 great deal for Sir William. He, more than any man whom 
 I have known, had the ability to look beyond the gross and 
 even the detail of pathological lesions, and apply them to the 
 living. Thus, however great his interest was in the disease, 
 as, for instance, in one of his pet diseases, aortic aneurism, 
 however much he understood and appreciated the basic 
 lesion that led to the gradual dilatation of the aorta, the for- 
 mation of the laminated clot and the anatomical changes 
 that might take place in this condition, he saw far beyond 
 these-——they meant to him also a brassy cough, a tracheal 
 tug, a contracted pupil, and the excruciating pain to the 
 patient that is associated with erosion of the vertebrae. 
 His interest was in unfortunate and suffering humanity, 
 and he used pathology as well as all the other branches of 
 medicine in the interpretation of clinical signs and symp- 
 toms,—the prognosis and treatment of disease. 
 
 At a time when the facts of pathology were still un- 
 familiar ground to the great majority of his fellows and 
 when few knew the use of the microscope, Dr. Osler united 
 to an intimate knowledge of the external features of di- 
 sease and death, born of incessant and unwearying personal 
 investigation, an intensely sympathetic and vital sense of 
 the realities of life. It was this combination, his grasp of 
 the underlying pathological lesion in all its details and signi- 
 ficance, and his entire understanding of what these things 
 meant and connoted in the great complex of the living 
 organism and in the consciousness of his patient, that made 
 him the greatest clinician of our day. 
 
 LAWRENCE J. RHBEA, 
 Montreal, Canada. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SSS FS SS ass SS = 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 EprrorIAL—CaMAC 
 
 THE DUTY OF THE DISCIPLE 
 
 “In the teacher I have always valued the message of the 
 life above the message of the pen—’’* 
 
 HUS wrote the master, when he was yet among us and 
 while it was still possible to feel, by personal contact, 
 the inspiration of his life. Now the message of that life 
 must be had through the medium of his pen, from which 
 flowed such a vast treasure of counsel and encouragement. 
 Yet there is another and more vital channel by which that 
 ‘“message of the life’? may be conveyed. His disciples 
 may tell of the works and influence of the master and in 
 turn the later hearers may bear the tidings, till that spirit, 
 known first to a comparatively small group of pupils and 
 intimates, becomes an unquenchable torch to light the way 
 traveled by pilgrims innumerable. 
 
 It is not the toil, the struggle, the heartache, nor yet 
 the doctrine or creed that lives—they pass. Ideals, 
 principles, and deeds, vitalized by the love for one’s fel- 
 low-men, live on, as man’s immortal self, ever reincarnated 
 in the lives and teachings of his disciples. 
 
 So far as we know, the great Teacher of Galilee wrote 
 but one sentence and that was traced in dust, to be soon 
 trodden down and scattered. Yet the spirit of His life 
 has been transmitted, through the centuries, in the lives 
 of His disciples and by their record of His ideals, prin- 
 ciples and deeds. 
 
 Stirring as are the writings of Osler, it may however 
 be noticed that those who did not know him, fail to catch, 
 from his written word, the inspiration that came from the 
 man himself. It is the fate of all written record, unless 
 the disciple transmit the personal message. 
 
 
 
 *From holograph letter, by Sir William Osler, which 
 gine gr bd a ~ aaa oe ge Gi 4 ?: oe and ice te the 
 ritings of William Osler,” ord Press, London and The Rj i 
 Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston. 2 ive ae 
 
 
 
 
 
EDITORIAL—CAMAC 15 
 
 In the administration of hospitals and institutions of 
 learning, in the establishing of museums and libraries, in 
 methods and systems of instruction, many are fulfilling 
 the message of his pen and thus rearing worthy memorials 
 to his influence upon medical progress, and yet there is the 
 greater message—the touchstone by which all these shall 
 operate effectually—the simple, daily, personal interest in 
 and understanding of the individual pupil and fellow- 
 worker; his needs, his limitations, his aspirations, his possi- 
 bilities, his trials—the exact measure of the man and a 
 wholesome, sympathetic knowledge, usually unexpressed 
 in words, of his conflicts and obstacles. 
 
 Few indeed are gifted with his charity, but none is so 
 insensible as not to have felt the courage and strength 
 which it imparted and, having known its power, few will 
 dare withhold what little they may be able to impart. 
 
 In all the splendid efforts, in many parts of the world- 
 to perpetuate in tablet and monument, the memory of 
 the great teacher in medicine, I seem to hear a still, 
 small voice, bearing “‘ The Message’ of his life—an 
 imperishable monument, to be ever in the making by his 
 disciples—a monument to “the greatest of these” which 
 abideth and without which all else “ profiteth nothing.”’ 
 
 C. N. B. Camac. 
 
 
 
Misher if Hi 
 di 
 imi. | iH} HIM 
 a ii ii 
 
 | 
 1 i] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 EprrorRIAL—CouPaL 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OSLER’S GIFT TO THE STUDY OF MEDICINE 
 
 
 
 
 
 ROBABLY no writer in medicine has contributed so 
 much to the task of bringing the study of this Art 
 to a scientific orderly form, as has Sir William Osler. 
 
 Raised in a devoutly religious family, the son of a 
 fervent Anglican missionary, who had reared this, his 
 youngest son of nine children with a view to placing him 
 in the ministry, the boy grew into manhood in a God- 
 fearing atmosphere that gave to his bedside manner an 
 almost beatific kindliness, and tenderness. 
 
 With this religious background it is not surprising, 
 that Osler should bring to medicine heaven’s first law, 
 order. Schooled under Virchow, the greatest pathologist 
 of his time, at a time when this branch of medicine was 
 making some of its greatest advances, and in that plastic 
 period just after his graduation, it 1s easy to understand 
 why the pathological pattern is so closely woven into his 
 work. 
 
 Not only has this always deeply influenced the man- 
 ner in which he approached all of his medical researches, 
 but it always remained regulated to its proper plane, 
 that of providing the law of cause and effect for his work 
 at the bedside. Unlike many who follow the didactic 
 pursuits of normal and morbid anatomy, he never allowed 
 their academic discussion to subordinate their usefulness 
 to his clinical work. 
 
 Driven by a hunger for knowledge, he followed all 
 of his studies of puzzling cases to a final proving, not for 
 pique nor for self-satisfaction, but to be better armed for 
 his future tilts with disease. That he might gain every 
 shred of information from his cases, he so_ tactfully 
 requested permission for autopsies, that he was rarely 
 refused. ‘These he often performed with his own hands, 
 in the days before typewriters and stenographers, writ- 
 ing out in his own script the most complete details. This 
 orderly habit of mind which made him pursue to the end 
 a line of thought, had much to do with the reduction of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EDITORIAL—CouPAL 17 
 
 the knowledge of each disease to a scientific topical form 
 in his writings. 
 
 This orderly arrangement has enabled the modern 
 student of medicine to apply to this study the logical 
 sequence of thought that has been used in the more exact 
 sciences, and removed much of the slovenly teaching 
 habits of former times. 
 
 In an introductory address at the opening session of 
 the McGill Medical School in 1877, described by Dr. 
 H. B. Small of Ottawa as his first public address, he advised 
 the students of the necessity of system in their work say- 
 ing: ‘‘Let me add a word of advice on the method of 
 studying. The secret of successful working lies in the 
 systematic arrangement of what you have to do, and in 
 the methodical performance of it.’’ It is seen that this 
 principle of an orderly system for the study of medicine, 
 was in his mind at the beginning of his career, and every 
 year grew stronger till it dominated all of his work, and 
 culminated in his Practice of Medicine, the greatest instru- 
 ment of our time for the reduction of the study of this 
 Art to a logical scientific basis. 
 
 It is a notable fact that Osler started his clinico- 
 pathological demonstrations as a part of his course in 
 physiology, since it is probably the chemical advances in 
 the physiology of the blood stream, that have caused the 
 present day rise in the popularity that gross and cellular 
 pathology are enjoying. 
 
 The early religious training, the application of true 
 Christianity to his daily work, where a great heart filled 
 with human sympathy, coupled with a great mind stored 
 with those facts which only infinite labour and patience 
 may gather, made the man Osler not only a great physi- 
 cian, but a true healer. 
 
 JAMES F. CoupPaAL, 
 
 Washington, D.C. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 EpItoRIAL—MARCHIAFAVA 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER IN ROMA 
 
 Ei a face of Sir William Osler 
 
 has remained alive in my 
 memory; in it was the expression 
 of penetrating intelligence, tenac- 
 ious will power, and enthusiasm 
 for the true and for the good. 
 
 I knew him, before seeing him in 
 person, in some of his writings. I 
 remember his work on angina pec- 
 toris and his exhaustive discourse 
 on endocarditis, which was cited by 
 me in one of my contributions to 
 the study of this disease. 
 
 I had the pleasure and honor of 
 seeing him in Rome, where he came 
 twice while he was Professor at the 
 University of Oxford, after a life 
 of laborious and fruitful work in 
 American Universities; the second 
 time that I met him was in April, 
 1912, in the year in which the In- 
 ternational Congress of Tubercu- 
 losis was held at Rome at the mau- 
 soleum of the Emperor Hadrian, 
 on the banks of the Tiber, near 
 the hospital of Santo Spirito which 
 he visited. The glorious story of 
 this ancient hospital, founded in 
 the VIIth century, was known to 
 Wm. Osler, also the names that 
 have come down to us in history 
 of the physicians who made it 
 famous; Eustachi, Malpighi, Bag- 
 livi, Lancisi, Pacchioni, and then 
 
 he figura di Sir William Osler 
 
 é rimosta viva nella mia 
 memoria: in essa era l’espressione 
 della intelligenza penetrante, della 
 volonta tenace, dell’entusiasmo per 
 il vero e per il bene. 
 
 Io lo conosceva, prima di vederne 
 la persona, in alcunt det suoi scritir: 
 ricordo il suo lavore sull’ angina pec- 
 toris e quello sulla endocardite a 
 lungo decorso, da me citato in un mio 
 contributo allo studio di questa mal- 
 attia. 
 
 A me fu dato il piacere e l’onore 
 di vederlo a Roma, ove eglt venne 
 due volte, quando era gid profes- 
 sore nella Universita di Oxford, dopo 
 una vita di forte e fecondo lavoro 
 nelle universita americane; la se- 
 conda volta fu nell’ aprile del 1912, 
 nell’ anno, nel quale si tenne a 
 Roma il Congresso internazionale 
 della tubercolosi nel mausoleo dell’ 
 imperatore Adriano, sulle sponde 
 del Tevere, presso lospedale di 
 Santo Spirito, che egli visitd. Di 
 questo antico ospedale, fondato nel 
 VII secolo, W. Osler conosceva la 
 storia gloriosa e 1 nomt, rimastt 
 nella storia, det medici, che lo 
 
 hanno tllustrato; cioé, Eustachi, 
 
 Malpight, Baglivi, Lancisi, Pac- 
 
 
 
EpIroRIAL—MARCHIAFAVA 19 
 
 Columbo and Cesalpino, who 
 were among the first to make 
 known to us the circulation of the 
 blood. 
 
 Within the Library of the Hos- 
 pital of S. Spirito, founded by G. 
 M. Lancisi, and therefore called 
 Lancisian, W. Osler has several 
 times left his name in writing (4 
 times in February 1909 and once 
 in April 1912), in the book in which 
 the reader writes his name and the 
 titles of the books he wishes to 
 In April, 1912, under the 
 signature of W. Osler will be found, 
 fastened with a pin, one of his cards 
 
 Sir William Osler 
 13 Norham Gardens. 
 Among the books consulted by 
 W. Osler, as found noted under his 
 name, are those of G. M. Lancisi, 
 of Eustachi, of 
 Redi.* 
 I have read in a biographical 
 sketch of Sir William Oslerf that 
 he desired as his epitaph the words 
 
 consult. 
 
 Pacchioni, of 
 
 “He taught medical students in the 
 In this ideal he had as 
 his fore-runner G. M. Lancisi, 
 that physician of the hospital of 
 S. Spirito in the 17th century, who 
 used to say that young physicians 
 could not be good practitioners, 
 “nist multos annos publica adierint 
 
 wards’’. 
 
 
 
 *On these visits to the Lancisian Library 
 he was accompanied by my friend Professor 
 Giuseppe Bastianelli. 
 
 tBritish Medical Journal, 2, 1, 1920. 
 
 chioni, e pot Colombo e Cesalpino, 
 che furono 1 primi a far concosere 
 la circolazione del sangue. 
 
 Nella Biblioteca dell’ ospedale dy 
 S. Spirito, fondata da G. M. Lan- 
 cist, detta perd Lancisiana, W. 
 Osler ha lasciato scritto piu volte 
 il suo nome (4 volte nel Febbrajo, 
 1909, e 1 volta nell’ Aprile, 1912) 
 nel libro, ove 1% lettori mettono wl 
 loro nome e scrivono 1 titoli der 
 libri che vogliono consultare. Nell’ 
 aprile, 1912, sotto la firma dt W. 
 Osler, si trova appuntato con uno 
 
 spillo un suo biglietto: 
 
 Sir William Osler 
 13 Norham Gardens 
 
 Fra 1 libri consultati da W. 
 Osler e che si trovano notatr sotto 
 il suo nome, sono quelli di G. M. 
 Lancisi, di Eustachi, di Pacchion, 
 di Redv.* 
 
 Ho letto in una biografia di Sir 
 William Oslert che egli desiderava 
 un epitaffio nel quale si dicesse “he 
 taught medical students in the 
 wards”; ora egli ebbe precursore G. M. 
 Lancisi il quale, medico dell’ ospedale 
 di S. Spirito nel Sec. XVII, soleva 
 dire che i giovani medici non potl- 
 ranno essere mat buoni pratict, 
 ‘nisi multos annos publica adi- 
 ~#*Nelie sue visite alla Biblioteca Lanciss- 
 
 ana fu accompagnato dal mto amico Profes- 
 sore Giuseppe Bastianellt. 
 
 tBritish Medical Journal, 2, 1, 1920. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 EprroRIAL—MARCHIAFAVA 
 
 nosocomia, in quibus infirmi omnis 
 generis fere semper occurrunt, atque 
 eorum lectis crebro, diuque assi- 
 derint.”’ 
 
 W. Osler gave utterance to a 
 doctrine of profound significance 
 when he said that he attributed a 
 great deal of his clinical success to 
 the fundamental studies which he 
 carried out as pathologist in the 
 University at Montreal,* where 
 his colleagues in the great hospital 
 of that city placed at his disposal 
 the performance of the autopsies, 
 and thus pathology became his 
 chief occupation. He understood 
 the importance of pathological 
 anatomy as one of the foundations 
 of medicine, thus agreeing with the 
 judgment of G. B. Morgagni. 
 
 In Rome W. Osler wished to 
 visit the large hospitals, the clinics 
 and the scientific Institutes. At 
 the Policlinico Umberto I, where 
 he was accompanied by Prof. 
 Guiseppe Bastianelli, he was inter- 
 ested in the work on osteomalacia 
 of Prof. Uberto Arcangeli, with 
 whom he had a long discussion on 
 this subject. At the Pathological 
 Institute he was received by me 
 and by Prof. A. Bignami. He was 
 already fully aware of the studies 
 upon malaria made in Rome and 
 was eager to see microscopic pre- 
 
 parations of the blood and of the 
 
 * (McGill University ) , 
 
 erint nosocomia, in quibus infirmi 
 omnis generis fere semper occur- 
 runt, atque eorum lectis crebro, 
 diuque assiderint. ” 
 
 W. Osler ha lasciato un profondo 
 insegnamento quando disse che eglt 
 attribuiva molta parte del suo suc- 
 cesso nella clinica agli studi fonda- 
 mentali da lui comprutt come pato- 
 logo nella Universita di Montreal,* 
 ove i suoi colleghi del grande ospedale 
 di quella citta, misero a sua dis- 
 posizione il reparto delle autopsie e 
 cosi la patologia divenne la sua 
 precipua occupazione. Egli com- 
 prese ‘la importanza dell’anatomia 
 patologica come uno dei fondamenti 
 della medicina, conforme al giudi- 
 zio di G. B. Morgagnt. 
 
 In Roma W. Osler volte visitare 
 t grandi ospedali, le cliniche, e 
 glistitutt scientifici. Nel Poli- 
 clinico Umberto I, ove fu accom- 
 pagnato dal Professore Giuseppe 
 Bastianelli, s’interessé dei lavori 
 sulla osteomalacia del Professore 
 Umberto Arcangeli, con il quale ebbe 
 un lungo colloquio sull’ argomento 
 
 Nell’ Istituto di Patologia fu 
 ricevuto da me e dal Professore A. 
 Bignami. Egli conosceva gid gli 
 studi sulla malaria fatti in Roma 
 
 e desideré di vedere preparati micro- 
 
 *(McGWU University). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EDITORIAL—MARCHIAFAVA 21 
 
 organs in cases of the pernicious 
 type, and he observed with great 
 interest preparations of brain with 
 blood vessels distended by red cells 
 containing the plasmodium of the 
 tertian malignant form, almost 
 all in the phase of multiplication. 
 
 I wish to record an episode of 
 the second visit to Rome of W. 
 Osler, an episode which demon- 
 strates the high and delicate sense 
 of responsibility and of professional 
 esprit de corps of the illustrious 
 He had 
 
 hotel of the city, in consultation 
 
 clinician. visited in a 
 with an eminent English physician, 
 a gentleman visiting Italy who pre- 
 sented the symptoms of purpura 
 hemorragica in a very grave form. 
 Some hours after the consultation 
 Prof. Osler left for Florence and 
 learned there that in that city and 
 elsewhere, cases of small-pox had 
 been discovered; he immediately 
 sent to the English physician at 
 Rome a telegram, in which he told 
 him to be careful and to consider, 
 in the patient whom they had seen 
 in consultation, the possibility of a 
 purpuric small-pox. In this ac- 
 tion, which he believed necessary 
 under the circumstances, W. Osler 
 recalls to mind the lines from 
 Dante: 
 
 “OQ most exalted and pure con- 
 
 science!” 
 
 I remember another consultation 
 
 which Prof. Osler held with Prof. 
 
 scopici di sangue e di organi in cast 
 di perniciosa e osservd con molto 
 interesse preparati di un cervello cont 
 vasellint sanguigni distesi da glo- 
 bult rossi contenenti 1% plasmodt 
 della terzana maligna, quasi tutts 
 nella fase della moltiplicazione. 
 Voglio ricordare un episodio della 
 seconda visita in Roma di W. Osler, 
 episodio, che dimostra Valto e dels- 
 cato sentimento di responsabilita e 
 di collegialita dell’ illustre clinico. 
 Egli aveva visitato in un albergo 
 della citta, in consulto con un egregro 
 medico inglese, un Signore fores- 
 tiere, che presentava i sintomi di una 
 porpora emorragica, in condizions 
 gravissime. Poche ore dopo il con- 
 sulto il Professore Osler partt per 
 Firenze e, venuto a sapere che in 
 quella citta e altrove si erano vert- 
 ficati casi di vajuolo, mandd subito 
 al medico inglese a Roma un tele- 
 gramma, nel quale gli diceva dt 
 essere cauto e di pensare nel malato, 
 vedulo insieme, alla possibilita dh 
 Cid, che ha 
 creduto di fare in questa congiun- 
 tura W. Osler, richiama alta mente 
 
 il verso dt Dante, 
 
 una porpora vajuolosa. 
 
 “O dignitosa coscienza e netta!” 
 Ricorderé un altro consulto che 
 il Professore Osler ebbe con tw 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22 Eprror1AL—MARCcHIAFAVA 
 
 Raffaele Bastianelli and me in a 
 case of tuberculosis of the right 
 kidney in a young lady. Prof. 
 Osler confirmed the diagnosis and 
 the urgent indications for operation 
 The pa- 
 tient was operated upon by Prof. 
 
 with favorable prognosis. 
 
 Raffaele Bastienelli and now she is 
 married and a mother in the best 
 of health. 
 
 After this consultation Prof. 
 Osler took me by the arm and 
 walked out of the house with me. 
 It was a beautiful spring morning, 
 with the purest Roman sky of in- 
 tense blue, and in the gardens 
 around the patient’s house, the 
 roses were in full bloom. I could 
 see from his expression that he en- 
 joyed this beautiful sight. After 
 saying good-bye to me as to an old 
 friend, he left me to go to the 
 Roman Forum and to the Palatine, 
 drawn thither by his classical 
 knowledge, through which he was 
 enabled to understand the glories 
 of ancient Rome, beholding the 
 ruins of the imperial palaces, the 
 temples, the amphitheatres and 
 the basilicas. 
 
 Of the classical knowledge of 
 W. Osler I was given some com- 
 prehension by reading his powerful 
 discourse “The Old Humanities 
 and the New Science” delivered in 
 the year of his death at the Uni- 
 versity of Oxford and published 
 
 Professore Raffaele Bastianell e con 
 me in un caso di tubercolosi del 
 rene destro in una Signorina. Il 
 Professore Osler confermé la diag- 
 nosi e la indicazione urgente della 
 operazione con prognosi favorevole. 
 La malata fu operata dal Professore 
 Raffaele Bastianelli ed ora e sposa 
 ge madre in oltima salute. 
 
 Dopo il consulto il Professore 
 Osler mi prese a braccetto e usci con 
 me. Era un bel mattino di prima- 
 vera, con un cielo romano puris- 
 simo, di un turchino intenso e nel 
 giardino, dattorno alta casa della 
 inferme, le rose erano sboccvate. 
 Compresi del suo aspetto ch’egh 
 godeva di quella bellezza della na- 
 tura. Dopo avermi salutato, . come 
 fossi stato un antico amico, mi las- 
 cié per andare al Fore romano e 
 al Palatino, ove-lo chiamava la sua 
 cultura classica, per la quale eglt 
 era in grado di comprendere tutta la 
 grandezza di Roma antica new rud- 
 eri, nelle rovine det palazzi impert- 
 ali, dei tempi, degli anfiteatri, delle 
 bastliche. 
 
 Della cultura classica di W. Osler 
 io ebbi come la sintest dalla lettura 
 di quel suo forte discorso, ‘‘The old 
 humanities and the new science” 
 fatto nell’anno della sua morte al 
 
 Vuniversita di Oxford e inserito nel 
 
 
 
 
 
EpITORIAL—MARCHIAFAVA 23 
 
 in the British Medical Journal for 
 July, 1919. This I called attention 
 to in my inaugural address, “‘ Retro- 
 spect of Progress in Medicine”’, 
 delivered by me in November 1919, 
 at the University of Rome. In 
 that discourse, among so many im- 
 portant things, Prof. W. Osler 
 with the perspicacity of a wise 
 clinician considers that the spirit 
 of the doctrine of Hippocrates is 
 still alive and working, and is still, 
 And 
 he is perfectly right, because the 
 
 as he says ‘‘a living force’’. 
 
 medical principle of Hippocrates 
 (of whom, as was written bv 
 Aulus Cornelius Celsus, “primus, 
 ex omnibus memoria dignis, discip- 
 linam hance (medicine) ab studio 
 sapientiae (philosophy) separant”’, 
 the principle, that is, of founding 
 the study of medicine absolutely on 
 the study of the diseases which are 
 offered to actual observatior with- 
 out preconceived theories, has re- 
 mained, like an immutable truth, 
 unchanged throughout the cen- 
 turies, among the discoveries, ob- 
 servations and experiences of in- 
 numerable new facts, and the suc- 
 cession of new systems and the- 
 ories. This is a principle to which 
 the great physicians of all ages up 
 to the present time have remained 
 faithful, wherefore that foremost 
 physiologist Claude Bernard, said, 
 ‘“‘on a raison de faire commencer la 
 médecine & Hippocrate.”’ 
 
 British Medical Journal nel Luglio, 
 1919, e che 10 ricordai nel discorso 
 maugurale “Intorno at progresst 
 della Medicina” da me fatto nel 
 Novembre, 1919, alla universita di 
 Roma. 
 
 In quel discorso, fra tante cose 
 important, 11 Professore W. Osler, 
 nella sua perspicacia di _ clinico 
 sapiente, considera che lo spirito 
 della dottrina d’I ppocrate sta ancora 
 vivo e operante, sia ancora, com’eglr 
 Ed egli ha 
 perché il 
 
 dice, ‘‘a living force.”’ 
 perfettamente ragione 
 principio della medicina d’I ppo- 
 crate, il quale, come scrisse Aulo 
 Cornelio Celso “‘ primus, ex omnibus 
 memoria dignis, disciplinam hanc 
 (la medicina) ab studio sapientiz 
 (la filosofia) separavit” «7 prin- 
 cipio, coe, di fondare tutta intera 
 la medicina sullo studio delle malat- 
 tre qualt si offrono alla sincera 
 osservazione, senza preconcetti teoricr, 
 come una verita immutabile, e rim- 
 asta rmmutato, altravorso tl corso di 
 tantt secoli, fra le scoperte per la 
 osservazione e la esperienza, d’in- 
 numerendi fatti nuovi, il succedersi 
 det ststemi e delle teorie, principie, 
 cut furono fedeli tutti «7 grandi 
 medici di tutte l’eta fino all’epoca 
 presente, onde quel sommo fifiologo, 
 che fu Claude Bernard, diceva ‘‘on a 
 raison de faire commencer la méde- 
 
 cine a Hippocrate.”’ 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24 EpIroRIAL—MARCHIAFAVA 
 
 It has been written in a biogra- 
 phical notice that William Osler, 
 in his religious devotion to duty, 
 and in his profound human sym- 
 pathy to his fellow beings, con- 
 formed to the principles and senti- 
 ments of the ancient philosophers, 
 among whom was the Emperor, 
 Marcus Aurelius, whose statue 
 reigns over the Campidoglio. To 
 have a convincing proof of this, it 
 is sufficient to read some of the 
 thoughts of William Osler in that 
 golden little book, “A Way Of 
 Life”, written by him for his stu- 
 He had three ideals: ‘To 
 
 do the day’s work well and not bother 
 
 dents. 
 
 about to-morrow; to act on the golden 
 rule towards his professional brethren 
 and patients; and to cultwate a 
 measure of equanimity to enable him 
 to bear success with humility, affec- 
 tion of friends without pride and to 
 be ready when the day of sorrow and 
 grief comes to meet it with courage 
 Now these 
 noble ideals of W. Osler are in ac- 
 cord with many of the thoughts 
 which we read in the writings of 
 Marcus Aurelius, and the last 
 ideal of Aiquanimitas in good and 
 ill fortune, is contained in the first 
 strophe of the ode of Horace to 
 his friend Dellio: 
 
 befitting a man.’’* 
 
 
 
 * Equanimitas 
 
 E scritto nella biografia ricordata 
 che William Osler, nella sua reh- 
 giosa devozione al dovere nella pro- 
 fonda umana simpatia verso t suot 
 simili, si conformasse at principu, 
 ai sentimenti dei filosofi antichi fra 
 i quali di Epitteto e di Marco 
 Aurelio imperatore, la cui statua 
 trionfa sul Campidoglio. Per averne 
 una prova convincente basta leggere 
 William 
 
 Osler nell’aurelio libriccino da lu 
 
 alcuni dei pensiert di 
 
 scritto per gli studenti ‘‘A Way of 
 Life.” 
 do the day’s work well and not 
 
 Egli aveva tre ideal: “To 
 
 bother about to-morrow; to act on 
 the golden rule towards his profes- 
 sional brethren and patients; and 
 to cultivate a measure of equanim- 
 ity to enable him to bear success 
 with humility, affection of friends 
 without pride and to be ready when 
 the day of sorrow and grief comes 
 to meet it with courage befitting a 
 man.’’* 
 
 Ova questi nobili ideali di W. 
 Osler concordano con molti dei pen- 
 stert che st leggono nei ricordi di 
 Marco Aurelio e Vlultimo ideale 
 sulla aequanimitas nella sventura e 
 nella fortuna propizia 2 contenuto 
 
 nella prima strofe dell’ode d’Orazio 
 all’ amico; Dellio, 
 
 
 
 * FI quanimnitas 
 
 
 
 
 
EpDITORIAL—PACKARD 25 
 
 “ Aequam memento rebus in arduts 
 Servare mentem, non secus in bonis 
 
 Ab insolenti temperatam 
 Laetitia, moriture Delli.”’ 
 
 Thus, also in Rome, among the 
 physicians who had the good for- 
 tune of knowing him, there lives 
 the memory of William Osler, who 
 dedicated wholly his noble life to 
 
 ‘‘Aequam memento rebus in arduis 
 Servare mentem, non secus in bonis 
 Ab insolenti temperatam 
 Laetitia, moriture Delli.” 
 Cost anche in Roma fra 1 medici 
 che ebbero la fortuna della sua con- 
 oscenza é viva la memoria di William 
 
 Osler, che tutta la sua nobile vita 
 
 the pursuit of science, to the art of 
 teaching, and to the good of 
 humanity. 
 
 dedicé alla scienza, all’insegnamen- 
 to, al bene della umamita. 
 
 Errore MARCHIAFAVA, 
 
 Professore emerito di Patologia, 
 Universita dt Roma, Italra 
 
 14 Febrajo, 1926 
 
 LITERARY INFLUENCES ON THE 
 WRITINGS OF OSLER 
 
 ¢¢"—T"O mind the inside of a book is to entertain oneself 
 
 with the forced product of another man’s brain. 
 Now, I think a man of quality and breeding may be much 
 amused with the natural sports of his own’’—Lord Fop- 
 pington in The Relapse. 
 
 Charles Lamb, beginning his essay ‘‘ Detached thoughts 
 on Books and Reading” with the above quotation, pro- 
 ceeds to acknowledge the force of Lord Foppington’s 
 remarks by admitting with his usual ultra self-deprecia- 
 tion that he could not sit and think: ‘‘ Books think for 
 me.’”’ We venture to state that in everything that Sir 
 William Osler wrote that was not of a strictly scientific 
 character there is evident the fruits of his wide reading 
 and familiarity with the classic literature of all ages and 
 races. But with what a different result from that to be 
 anticipated in the case of a Lord Foppington, as jestingly 
 foisted upon himself by Lamb. We are all familiar with 
 Osler’s list of bedside books, suggesting, long before the 
 “daily dozen” or the “fifteen minutes a day” plans for 
 
 7 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 EprroRIAL—PACKARD 
 
 physical and mental improvement were promulgated, that 
 keeping this little library at the bedside and dipping into 
 it morning and evening would yield surprising results. 
 
 Although the writings of Osler abound with quota- 
 tions from or references to all of those mentioned in his 
 bedside list as well as many other of the classics of litera- 
 ture, yet his literary style is peculiarly his own and his 
 thought untrammelled by bondage to any particular mas- 
 ter. It has not the pompous solemnity of the Elizabethan 
 prose with which he was so familiar, nor the involved and 
 often obscure phraseology of his beloved Sir Thomas 
 Browne, nor the splendid pomp of Milton’s prose which 
 he so often quotes, nor the antithetical accuracy of Addi- 
 son’s. Osler had absorbed all that was best in English 
 literature, both old and new, and as his thoughts were 
 peculiarly his own, the result of his keen observation and 
 logical accuracy, so he expressed them in a clear, lucid 
 and forceful manner, not borrowing his manner of expres- 
 sion from any of the great masters of that art who had 
 preceded him. 
 
 His power of quotation was inimitable and unlimited. 
 To instance a few references indicating his intimacy with 
 the various books of the Bible, especially those of the Old 
 Testament, let us mention the following in addition to his 
 favorite ‘‘Sons of Belial;’’ ‘“‘The Threshing Floor of Ara- 
 unah, the Jebusite;’’ ‘“‘The Spirit Abroad was that of 
 Deborah not Rizpah, of Jael not Dorcas’’; ‘‘Son of Sir- 
 ach’’; ‘‘Sons of Beor’’; the special virtues of the trained 
 nurse on a fever case could be depicted by King Lemuel 
 alone; and who else could have so aptly used this as an 
 illustration of his point: ‘‘Ephraim joined to his idols.”’ 
 
 His Shakespearian references are likewise always good. 
 On more than one occasion he uses the happy expression 
 of ‘‘voluble Cassios’’ to symbolize those who talk too 
 much. In many instances his references would serve as 
 well as crossword puzzles to stimulate dictionary research. 
 Thus he speaks of Atkinson, the medieval bibliographer as 
 a Thelemite. How many readers of Osler realize that a 
 Thelemite was a monk of the Abbey of Theleme, so elo- 
 quently described by Rabelais. Osler may be said to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EpITORIAL—PACKARD 27 
 
 have fulfilled, in his own person, Walter Savage Landor’s 
 wish, which he quotes, that he might walk with Epicurus 
 on his right hand and Epictetus on his left, if we were to 
 judge by the familiarity which he manifests with their 
 sayings. From no writer of antiquity does he quote more 
 frequently than from Plato. He had him at his fingertips. 
 
 It is needless to write of his constant references to his 
 favourite, Sir Thomas Browne. Since Charles Lamb no 
 one has done more to spread the fame of the author of the 
 “‘Religio Medici. ’’ 
 
 Though Fields, the Boston publisher, brought out an 
 edition of the Religio Medici, the works of Sir Thomas 
 Browne were but little read in America outside of the more 
 select intellectual circles until Osler, by his allusions to 
 them in his addresses and articles, aroused the interest of 
 the members of his profession in their ancient confrére. 
 So that there are now but few cultivated physicians in 
 this country who have not been led to at least read the 
 Religio Medici and have thus had the door of pure litera- 
 ture opened to them. The indirect influence of Osler in 
 promoting the spread of a just literary taste among the 
 profession it is impossible to estimate. His contact with 
 thousands of physicians through his teaching and writings 
 was especially wide-spread, with correspondingly broad 
 results. He was really the first great American medical 
 teacher to exert an extra-professional cultural influence on 
 his students and followers. The leaven of his spirit has 
 already wrought a great benefit to the profession and it is 
 safe to say will continue to do so for many years. 
 
 Francis R. PACKARD, 
 Philadelphia 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 28 EprroRIAL—SUDHOFF 
 
 OSLER UND DIE GESCHICHTE DER MEDIZIN 
 
 TR WILLIAM OSLER kannte ich lange Zeit hindurch 
 nur aus ein Paar kurzen Briefen, die er an mich gerichtet 
 in Fachangelegenheiten und Sachen meines Institutes, dem 
 er wohl gesinnt war. Er betdtugte sich als dessen W ohltater, 
 nicht nur indem er seine eigenen Arberten der Instituts- 
 bibliothek schenkte, sondern auch als Vermittler und Donator 
 kostbarer und'seltener englisher Publicationen, so der ‘‘ Apos- 
 tles of Physiology” und der “‘ Tabulae Anatomicae’’ des Ve- | 
 salius, beide von William Sterling. 
 
 Als ich das Gliick hatte Sir William Osler endlich persén- 
 lich kennen zu lernen 1913 auf dem Internationalen M edical 
 Kongress in London und einige Male kurz zu sehen und zu 
 sprechen, machte er einen grossen Eindruck auf mich. Mich 
 fesselte die grossztigige Fretheit sevner ausgeglichenen Persén- 
 lichkeit, die Ruhe und Treffsicherheit sevnes Urteils, seine 
 hohe Erudition, sein weiter Blick und die Vornehmheit sevner 
 Auffassung von Menschen und Dingen. Leder war es mir 
 nicht beschieden, thn im seinem Heim zu Oxford zu sehen, 
 umgeben von seinen Biicherschatzen in deren Zusammen- 
 stellung sich die ganze Reife seines Wesens gleichsam lerb- 
 haftig manifestierte und nach Aussen projizierte. Dort muss 
 er vollig unwiederstehlich gewesen sevn. 
 
 Karu SUDHOFF, 
 Leipzig, Germany 
 
 
 
 
 
GENERAL ARTICLES 
 
 OSLER’S PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 
 Fretpine H. Garrison, M.D. 
 
 Lt.-Col. Medical Corps, U.S. Army 
 Washington, D.C. 
 
 Vg the Homewood meeting of the Johns Hopkins Medical 
 
 Faculty in memory of Sir William Osler, Professor Welch 
 developed a thought which will undoubtedly be the most viable 
 line of approach for those who, in the future, may attempt to 
 estimate the position of Osler in modern medicine. Dr. Welch 
 said, in brief, that Osler was, beyond peradventure, the greatest 
 physician of his time, but that his fame is not the effect of any 
 isolated quality or achievement, but the resultant of a remarkable 
 complex—eminence in bedside medicine, in original contributions 
 to scientific medicine, in medical teaching, as a contributor to 
 medical literature and medical history, as the originator of many 
 pithy aphorisms and novel views of things, as a publicist, as a 
 friend and mentor to patients, pupils and colleagues alike. Osler’s 
 was a many-sided personality, totus teresatque rotundus. He was 
 not a lop-sided man, of the kind now tolerably familiar, who have 
 “the intellect and the information,” but no corresponding degree 
 of personal refinement, goodness of heart, liveliness of humour or 
 soundness of sense. Carlyle said that fool and rogue are only 
 opposite sides of the same medal. Emerson intimated that the 
 felon and the intellectual coxcomb are really enharmonics, things 
 differing by a small number of vibrations, but producing identical 
 effects in practice. Osler was never carried away by the ‘mad 
 pride of intellectuality.” He was a shining exemplar of “the 
 ancient and inbred piety, integrity, good sense and good humour 
 of the English people.” If I have grasped the meaning of his life 
 at all, it would be that intellect, without honesty, decency, humour 
 and humanity, is about as useless and dangerous as an Hast 
 Indian cobra or a Bengal tiger in a dark room. 
 
 29 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 80 Os LER’s PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF MerpicINE—GARRISON 
 
 The Editors have asked me to say something of the effect of 
 Osler’s pathological training on medicine, but for this task I am 
 nowise competent. I can only repeat what I have learned and 
 know. His McGill post mortems, which Dr. Abbott has kindly 
 shown me in MS., were the basis of his wonderful grounding in 
 pathology, and here he was the loyal follower of Morgagni, Baillie 
 and Virchow, ever seeking the relation between the pathological 
 specimen and the clinical history. As a youth, he was one of 
 the first to investigate the trypanosomes and the blood platelets, 
 he discovered Filaria Osleri and described a species of verminous 
 aneurism, a form of telangiectasis and one mode of the cyanotic 
 polycythaemia which goes variously by the names of maladie de 
 Vaquez and Osler’s disease. He investigated the sliding-valve 
 relation of ball thrombi to aneurism of the heart, did a vast amount 
 of work on aneurism, endocarditis and other disorders of the 
 circulatory system, of which “Osler’s spots” (in endocarditis) 
 is probably but one of the many clinical minutiz noted by him 
 in bedside practice. Dr. Welch has suggested the manifest need 
 for a close analysis, a careful appraisal of this phase of Osler’s 
 work, such as Sir Dyce Duckworth made from the writings of 
 Heberden, or what Sir Samuel Wilks did for Bright. Something of 
 this kind is going forward in the biography which Harvey Cushing 
 has prepared, fostered by Lady Osler and based upon the collective 
 letters, published writings and literary remains. 
 
 So much has been said and written of Osler as a teacher that 
 one shuns repetition. His chosen epitaph was ‘He taught medi- 
 cine in the wards.”’ He tried to make his pupils reliable, charac- 
 terful men as well as competent physicians, and, in the words of 
 Dr. H. M. Thomas, he “not only took them into the wards but 
 stayed with them there.” He followed up his pupils in their 
 professional lives and never forgot them. I know of only one case 
 in which he lost interest and that was where a pupil neglected his 
 clinical work through worry about family troubles. Absorption 
 in hard work was, in Osler’s view, the proper antidote. In teaching 
 medical history, his methods were unique. He brought it directly 
 into relation with ward work, devoted special evenings to the 
 subject at his own home, and the device of the Medical History 
 Club, introduced at the Johns Hopkins by Osler and Welch, has 
 turned out to be the only method of instruction that is humanly 
 interesting and productive of results. .In the sick-room Osler was 
 
 
 
OSLER’s PLACE IN THE History or MEpICINE—GARRISON 31 
 
 the ideal physician, his bedside manner compact of the Hippo- 
 cratic “‘respect for the patient’’ and the sympathetic method of 
 eliciting information which characterized Trousseau and Dieulafoy. 
 One of his patients, a relative of mine, asked, in convalescence, 
 if he might smoke. ‘You may,” said the friendly Chief, “and 
 here’’ (suiting the action to the word), ‘‘is a good long cigar.” 
 
 Of Osler’s contributions to medical literature I have given 
 some detailed survey in the ‘Annals of Medical History.’”’ Ex- 
 haustive bibliographies have been prepared by Miss Blogg and 
 for the Canadian period by Dr. Abbott, and the writings will be 
 analyzed in extenso in Cushing’s biography. Of Osler’s literary 
 style, Dr. Streeter has given an effective impression: it has “the 
 pleasant movement of a gondola over a Venetian lagoon.’”’ Every- 
 thing is simple, unaffected, lucid, limpid, forward, with occasional 
 passages of prophetic fervour, of vigorous denunciation or of 
 twinkling humour. In the opening of the “Servetus” the style 
 is grave, sombre, poignant, mournful. None, save perhaps Lecky, 
 have realized with such dramatic intensity the awful tragedy of 
 martyrdom by fire. No other great physician, not even Claude 
 Bernard, or at most Huxley, has evolved so many wise and witty 
 aphorisms, not perpetrated at the expense of truth, but informed 
 with valid “criticism of life,’ professional knowledge and sympathy 
 with human nature. The collection which Dr. Camac has made 
 should be known and prized, not only by the intelligent laity, but 
 by every physician who loves his profession. You will find much 
 of the real Osler in the Silliman Lectures on the History of Medicine, 
 recently published. He himself described it as “an aeroplane flight,”’ 
 and it is, in effect, an unique example of his capacity for the bird’s 
 eye view and the soaring quality implied. We are taken up to 
 the altitude of Whitman’s Man of War Bird, above the dead rattle 
 of existence, and see everything, “from China to Peru,” in a 
 space-and-time perspective. 
 
 If the expression “publicist”? can be applied to Osler, it is 
 only in the sense that his reputation and abilities constantly 
 brought him into public relations. He was no platform orator, 
 “making a noise like a reformer,” but a kind of Prospero, who saw 
 fit on occasion to rebuke evil and folly, and to incite people or 
 groups of people, to do good work, by the stimulus of his enthus- 
 iasm and the magic wand of his encouragement. Whether it 
 was campaigning against malarial fever and tuberculosis, zeal 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 82 OsLER’s PLACE IN THE HisTORY OF MeEpDIcINE—GARRISON 
 
 for the better education of medical students and nurses, keeping 
 his students and friends busy with suggested lines of research 
 or the mere casual human touch with some isolated physician or 
 patient in a distant city, there was always this abiding note of 
 contagious enthusiasm and generous encouragement. Naturally 
 fond of his fellow creatures, he became so popular unawares that 
 he had to devise ways and means for the lithe, perpetual escape. 
 Dr. Thayer has described, with telling humour, how far this 
 talent for evasion came latterly to be developed. ‘Toward the 
 end of Osler’s life it was a common experience to encounter people 
 who affected to know him more intimately than his intimates, 
 as if they had a sort of proprietary interest in him; but as Thayer 
 has said, no one could talk consecutively to Osler against his will. 
 In ignorance of the constant button-holing, I once asked him for 
 a reprint of his “ Auquanimitas.” Carefully noting the item 
 ‘n his memorandum book, he made some mournful ironic reference 
 to Themistocles’ prayer for “forgetfulness,” and was out of the 
 room and on his way in an instant. That reprint I never received, 
 but shortly after, when he came to say good-bye to us at the 
 Surgeon-General’s Library, before assuming his post at Oxford, 
 he told Dr. Fletcher that the inroads upon his private leisure 
 from practice alone, were pestering him to death; and I understood. 
 During the war period, the constant run of guests at Oxford, where 
 his hospitality was boundless, may have helped him to forget 
 for a while at least, the tragedy of his life, the loss of his son; but 
 the number of self-invited visitors who “had to see Osler,” must 
 have been considerable. Although my direct personal relation 
 with him was but brief and casual, I retain several vivid impres- 
 sions, but none more distinct than the first, of the dark, handsome, 
 distingué figure, the voice of pleasant tones, and the warm glance 
 that brightened up any interior he came into. Almost none of 
 the earlier portraits of Osler are satisfactory, until we come to 
 the two Toronto photographs, with the gestures of cupping the 
 chin and shading the brow. Best of all are the two Oxford pic- 
 tures of the fine old gentleman seated, three-quarters length, 
 with his back to an ivied wall, the ‘imperial Osler” of Professor 
 Gildersleeve’s sonnet. When Osler died, there were laurel wreaths 
 even from Germany. The memorial tributes of Friedrich Miller 
 in Munich, Wenckebach in Vienna and Sudhoff in Leipzig are 
 sincere and came straight from the heart. Any other feeling 
 
 
 
 
 
OsLEeR’s PLACE IN THE History OF MEDICINE—GARRISON 33 
 
 would have been as unthinkable as hostility to the blue sky or the 
 warm sunlight. No other Canadian of his time did so much for 
 the good name and fame of his country in all lands as this kindly, 
 benignant and most unrivalled physician. 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 Sir German Sims Woopueap, F.R.C.P., (Edin.), F.RS. 
 
 Cambridge, England 
 
 [This article, which is published posthumously, was the first received in 
 response to the request sent out to our members for contributions to this 
 Memorial Volume. We deeply regret the passing of its revered author, whose 
 genial nature, and warm-hearted friendship for the subject of his article, are 
 reflected in every line.—EpiTors.] * 
 
 es whatever sphere of work Osler had engaged he would have 
 
 made his mark. However he had approached the study and 
 practice of Medicine, his could but have been a successful career. 
 He seems to have had a genius for approaching whatever he under- 
 took by the best path and of doing it in the right fashion. This 
 comes out at every turn in his plan of training himself for his 
 career as a great physician. Should he acquire skill in anatomy? 
 Yes! Should he devote himself to Physiology? Certainly! 
 These subjects must be made the basis of his knowledge of Medi- 
 cine. Without a knowledge of the normal processes of life, to a 
 study of which he devoted himself even as a boy, the abnormal 
 could not be recognized. Having acquired the ‘‘elements,’’ 
 however, he could give himself to the study of the gradual modifi- 
 cation or alteration of function if so he might determine how these 
 were related to, and succeeded by, modification of structure. His 
 Professorship of Physiology came to be an avenue of approach to 
 Pathology. Though he was no mere morbid anatomist, collector 
 of specimens, or examiner and student of dead material, he early 
 recognized that morbid anatomy must form the basis on which 
 Pathology and Medicine could be built up, and to him the Museum 
 came to be regarded as the repository, not of rare specimens only, 
 
 * For obituary of Sir German Sims Woodhead see Bulletin VIII of the 
 International Association of Medical Museums, Part I of this Memorial. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 34 Witi1am OsLER— WOODHEAD 
 
 but of organs and tissues in various stages of deviation from the. 
 normal, some in which marked, though perhaps transient funce- 
 tional changes had been noted, might show departures from the 
 normal which only the expert with his accurate and extensive 
 knowledge of normal structure could detect; others might be the 
 seat of extensive changes, acute or chronic, associated with pro- 
 found toxic conditions, with rapid degeneration of the more 
 highly develope cells, or chronic atrophic and fibroid changes 
 associated with long-standing disease; in these latter the functions 
 of the organ accommodating themselves to the altered condition 
 for a period at any rate, though in the long run heading to a stage 
 in which the whole functional economy is shattered. 
 
 I remember as a young student and teacher of pathology being 
 deeply impressed by an analysis published by Osler of some work 
 on dysentery and dysenteric abscesses of the liver. All was char- 
 acterized by an accuracy of observation, a precision of definition, 
 and a clarity of reasoning that appealed very forcibly to one just 
 entering on a teaching career, and whenever afterwards I read any- 
 thing that Osler had written, or heard him discuss his clinical ex- 
 periences, my mind invariably reverted to the period during which 
 he was preparing to take up his own life work. To Osler the 
 Museum, like the post-mortem room, provided but the final chap- 
 ter in the story, the first consisting of physiological experiments; 
 for, whilst looking forward, he always appeared to work back, 
 viewing each case of disease that he was called upon to diagnose 
 and treat as an experiment or rather series of experiments (not 
 always easy to control), from which he aimed at gaining and 
 seemed to gain fresh light on problems that to others gave little 
 promise of solution. 
 
 The Museum was, to Osler, an additional side-room to the 
 clinical ward. The methods there adopted were to him just as 
 essential to the study of clinical cases as were the adaptations of 
 physiological methods and those of bio-chemical research; and the 
 more intimately he could combine these methods and utilize them, 
 the more satisfied was he with his results. Pedantic he never 
 was, accurate always. He was not of those who say ‘‘such and 
 such shall be your plan of investigation and treatment.’’ He 
 realized that a problem might be attacked from many sides, and 
 the young men who came in contact with him and under his influ- 
 ence will be everlastingly grateful to him that they were not ex- 
 
 
 
 
 
WILLIAM OsSLER— WOODHEAD 35 
 
 pected to fit their knowledge and confine their methods within the 
 limits of a cramped and rigid carapace. As a histologist he never 
 contended that morbid histology could yield all essential know- 
 ledge of disease; on the other hand he did not disdain the informa- 
 tion that could be garnered by recourse to histological methods. 
 Morbid anatomy, for him, dealt not merely with those organs 
 and tissues in which advanced changes were manifest. It in- 
 cluded a careful examination of all the organs and tissues of the 
 body, those in which slight, as well as marked, consequential or 
 associated, changes could be found, and even those in which there 
 were no obvious alterations, all his observations being co-related 
 with observed symptoms during the life of the patient. As a 
 physiologist he did not insist that to approach disease from the 
 physiological standpoint was the only proper method of gaining 
 clinical information. He welcomed whatever of value was to be 
 derived from his studies of the normal, but he appreciated the 
 limitations of the method as well as its advantages; recognizing, 
 for example, that the reactions of tissues slightly damaged may 
 differ greatly according as the other tissues of the body are healthy 
 or are the seat of disease; that the circulation through a damaged 
 or obstructed vessel or organ might vary according as the blood or 
 its constituents are normal or abnormal and according as the 
 heart might be healthy or damaged by constriction of the orifices, 
 by incompetence of the valves, or by hypertrophy, atrophy, or 
 degeneration of the cardiac muscle. Again, whilst welcoming the 
 aid of the bio-chemist and the vast possibilities opened up by the 
 delicate and accurate methods of bio-chemistry, he never claimed 
 that every problem in medicine may be cleared up by bio-chemical 
 methods. He recognized how valuable these are and how great 
 their importance may ultimately become in relation to bacterial 
 and protozooal infections, and how the alteration in functions of 
 the several organs of the body may be detected, traced and deter- 
 mined; but his mind was so well balanced and his reasoning so 
 just that the lack of sense of proportion so characteristic of many 
 specialists found no resting place with Osler. 
 
 It may be asked why, in describing Osler’s relation to the 
 Museum special stress should be laid on the above points. It is 
 because most of us believe that he appreciated, as few are capable 
 of-appreciating, the importance of the Museum, as a gathering | 
 ground for “texts”? and information,—one of many such, but of 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 36 Writ1am OsLER— WOODHEAD 
 
 prime importance. I well remember, during examination at 
 Oxford, placing before a medical student a fibrinous cast of a 
 small bronchus and some of its ramifications, coughed up by the 
 patient suffering from “fibrinous inflammation’’ of the bronchus. 
 Osler, who was standing by, noting a certain nervousness in the 
 student, remarked, “Well, I am glad nobody examined me on 
 that, but I suppose it is a fibrinous east. Assuming that it is, I 
 wonder what the conditions are in which it was formed and where 
 it would come from!” (In 1875 he published a paper “On the 
 minute structure of bronchial casts from a case of acute fibrinous 
 bronchitis with expectoration of tubercular casts. ’» See Can. 
 Med. and Surg. Jour., 1876, p. 539). Engaging in what the 
 student took to be an informal conversation, the latter was led to 
 suggest where and how it might be formed, what might be its 
 composition and structure, what effect its presence would have on 
 patient? Was it part of a general process? Was its effect merely 
 local and were the symptoms directly associated with the presence 
 of this cast or with the accompanying condition? and so on, until 
 the student had shown that he knew something of what he was 
 being examined on. I then and there put Osler down as an exam- 
 iner as good as was Sir William Turner at his best; and I can 
 think of no higher praise. His examinations followed his line and 
 method of teaching; moreover it gave expression to his attitude to 
 museum specimens, as nothing else could have done. With the 
 final product of disease before him, he looked upon it as his business 
 to trace the whole history of the pathological processes involved ; 
 from the smallest functional alteration, and the most rudimentary 
 departure from the normal structure of the protoplasm or of the 
 nucleus of the cell, up to the most marked changes leading to 
 atrophy and fibrous tissue formation or to degeneration and death 
 of an organ taken from the body at the autopsy. He believed that 
 only those who have studied symptoms and diseased organs in 
 every phase, associating the symptoms with the various changes 
 found in the degenerating organs, become really successful physi- 
 cians or surgeons. Even this, however, did not suffice to make 
 him the perfect practitioner he became; but to this experience he 
 added his knowledge of, and sympathy with, men. 
 
 Osler was a great teacher and we have no more direct evidence 
 of his greatness and thoroughness than that afforded by his de- 
 pendence on the museum as a storehouse into which might be 
 
 
 
 
 
CurnicaL MEpIcINE oF WILLIAM OsLER—McCRAE 37 
 
 garnered interesting specimens to be studied, singly or in groups, 
 not by the junior student only, but by those of more mature experi- 
 ence, who may wish to study disease from a new point of view 
 and who desire to recast their ideas and to regroup the results of 
 their observations and experiments. Osler was in these matters a 
 wise adviser and loyal friend alike to pupils and patients. 
 
 THE INFLUENCE OF PATHOLOGY ON THE CLINICAL 
 MEDICINE OF WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 Tuomas McCrag, M.D. 
 Philadelphia 
 
 (CF the various ways of approach to clinical medicine there is 
 
 no doubt as to the one by which William Osler travelled. 
 It is very evident to anyone who knows the history of his medical 
 development, but it would have been apparent to any close ob- 
 server, even if he knew nothing of the man’s history, who listened 
 to his clinical teaching. It was by the way of pathology that he 
 arrived and one has only to study his Textbook of Medicine to 
 see this abundantly illustrated. As he taught physiology for 
 some years it might have seemed more natural for him to have 
 come by it, but that this was not the case seems to have been due 
 largely to his type of mind. He was essentially the naturalist, for 
 whom the study of structure and type has always a fascination. 
 The variations due to disease afforded an interesting subject of 
 study both when they were of the common form and when they 
 were unusual. This does not mean that he was not interested 
 in the disturbance of function, but the changes responsible for 
 this apparently interested him more. The experimental method 
 of research did not appeal as much as that which was based on 
 observation. 
 
 He stored mentally the many examples of this and that 
 peculiarity which came under his observation, so that when sub- 
 sequent similar examples were seen he was able to bring both 
 the clinical features and the pathological findings to aid in the 
 solution of the case in hand. An example may illustrate this 
 characteristic, although it applies to a clinical and not to a patho- 
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 tion who had a very remarkable list of opinions from eminent 
 physicians and neurologists, American, British, French and 
 German. The number of them was remarkable but the diversity 
 of opinion was even more so. The case was an unusual one of 
 paralysis agitans of very slow development, and when I saw the 
 patient, after many years of illness, by no means typical even then. 
 His physician told me that the only man who had even suggested 
 the proper diagnosis in the early stages was Sir William Osler, who 
 had seen him some years before and whose remark was, “1 am not 
 sure what disease your patient has, but the only other patient I 
 have seen like him proved later to have Parkinson’s disease.” 
 
 William Osler was a great morbid anatomist and his “clinics” 
 in the autopsy room were if anything more interesting than those 
 by the bedside. He reconstructed the history of events from the 
 specimens and correlated it with the clinical history. ‘There 
 was often a reference to other cases seen in Montreal or Philadel- 
 phia and sometimes the advice to go and see a particular museum 
 specimen if one visited those cities. The remarkable Philadelphia 
 specimen of dilatation of the colon is a case in point. Many of 
 us had a mental picture of the patient and of the specimen from 
 his description. He showed in this regard a characteristic common 
 in British and rare in American clinicians, namely, the knowledge 
 of specimens which illustrate a clinical problem. It is not un- 
 common to hear a British clinician at the bedside clinic refer to a 
 particular specimen in the museum as if he were speaking of the 
 patient in the next bed. That the students know the reference 
 is evident by their reaction. This is unusual in American clinics. 
 It represents a close association between morbid anatomy and 
 clinical medicine, and is of great value in visualizing the morbid 
 processes present in a patient. On certain subjects he was parti- 
 cularly illuminating. Among these, tuberculosis perhaps took first 
 place. Who that has heard one of those talks can forget how he 
 traced and discussed the whole subject of tuberculous infection 
 as illustrated by the specimen under observation? It was not the 
 pathology alone which he made clear, but the history of our 
 knowledge of the process under discussion was often used to il- 
 lustrate the points. The history of the development of our 
 knowledge of tuberculosis as shown from the pathological side 
 gave one a broader conception of the subject. 
 
 During the Baltimore period he did not give the impression 
 
 
 
 
 
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 CuLInicAL MEpIcINE or WILLIAM OsLER—McCRAE 39 
 
 of being interested in pathology for its own sake, whatever may 
 have been the case in earlier years, but rather as its findings had 
 a bearing on clinical medicine. The correlation of facts both 
 clinical and pathological was always in evidence. The lessons 
 to be learned from pathology by the clinician, and the need of 
 using them was a frequent topic in his talks. He often referred 
 to the salutary lessons of the dead-house, and the benefit that 
 might be gained from them. He was never one who hedged when 
 an error had been made. On one occasion when the autopsy 
 showed a very different condition from that stated in the clinical 
 diagnosis, his parting remark to the students was ‘‘Gentlemen, if 
 you want a profession in which everything is certain you had better 
 give up medicine.”’ His honesty in acknowledging mistakes was 
 part of his whole attitude towards life, but his long training in 
 pathology no doubt strengthened it. The importance of the use 
 of the facts of pathology to prevent and correct the fancies of 
 the theorist was a favorite lesson. 
 
 There was never any difficulty in having him present at an 
 autopsy and almost any other engagement would have to wait. 
 He may have come as an onlooker but very often he was taking 
 part before he knewit. It was always amusing to watch him when 
 the pathologist was perhaps rather slow in getting on with the 
 examination. He usually took hold of the work himself. His 
 assistants were always watching to turn up his sleeves and cuffs 
 as he rarely thought of them and it was difficult to persuade him 
 to put on rubber gloves. Nearly always he handled the specimens 
 himself and was not content with merely looking at them. Dr. 
 Barker has told the story of a physician in a Maryland town who 
 commented on the fact that often he was unable to get Dr. Osler 
 to come for a consultation with a large fee, but that he would always 
 come to attend an autopsy in which he was interested. 
 
 In his bed-side teaching there were many references to patho- 
 logical changes. One can see him taking out his handkerchief 
 to illustrate by the hem the thickening of the aortic valves in a 
 sclerotic process. He described the progress of events so that one 
 could almost see it going on. He was particularly happy in de- 
 scribing the changes in the mitral valve in stenosis so that one could 
 almost visualize the appearance of the valve in the patient under 
 observation. The same applied to his descriptions of the vegeta- 
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 40 CiLInicAL MEDICINE OF Witt1aM OstER—McCRAE 
 
 He was always keenly interested in the securing of post mortem 
 
 examinations and it was always safe to promise some assistance with 
 
 the funeral expenses if that argument seemed likely to succeed. 
 He would always go to much personal trouble if his influence and 
 words seemed necessary to secure permission for an examination. 
 
 He had a considerable number of specimens in Baltimore, 
 some of which came from Montreal and Philadelphia. There 
 were 250 or 300 of them. He rarely used them in teaching but 
 on some occasions he went over. them and even if there were not 
 many details on the label he remembered the particulars. Some 
 of these were from-his animal work in Montreal and these seemed 
 to be particularly treasured. 
 
 He always insisted on the importance of a knowledge of morbid 
 anatomy for the understanding of clinical problems. The im- 
 portance of this in regard to therapy was emphasized in two 
 ways. One was to show the absurdity of many claims made for 
 the action of certain remedies by studying the pathological changes 
 which they are supposed to cure. The other was to lay stress on 
 the amount of damage which was often compatible with years of 
 life and usefulness. The possibility of sufficient function to main- 
 tain life with extreme anatomical damage was often dwelt on and 
 was a favorite subject. In his work in Baltimore he tended to 
 dwell more on the gross morbid than on the histological anatomy. 
 Yet when occasion demanded he could express a valuable opinion 
 on this as well. The studies on the histological picture of the 
 tissues in Hodgkin’s disease interested him greatly. At a meeting 
 when a rather radical opinion was brought forward which depended 
 entirely for its support on the interpretation of histological details 
 he said to the pathologist, after studying the specimens, “T know 
 that my histological eye is a fossil one, but I cannot see the things 
 you say are there.” Time has shown that Sir William was right, 
 and that the inferences made were based on incorrect interpretation 
 of histological details. 
 
 Anything that had to do with the study of the blood always 
 interested him, partly due no doubt to his early work in haema- 
 tology. He was always enquiring about the blood plates. The 
 morbid anatomy of the circulatory system was a favorite subject 
 on which he often dwelt. Aneurism was an especially suitable 
 topic for description and its effects were pictured so that one could 
 almost see the changes which had been produced. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
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 Crurmyicat MEpicine or WiLLiAM OsLER—McCRAE 41 
 
 We shall not see his like again as a man nor shall we see the 
 combination of one who took first rank as a morbid anatomist 
 and at the same time was a great clinician. The qualities which 
 are necessary for the combination are rare in the first place, the 
 opportunities for the orderly development of both are not likely 
 to occur again as they did for him, and the process of development 
 and evolution of medicine has altered the whole relationship of 
 chemistry, physiology and pathology to clinical medicine. Times 
 change, but the time and the man brought about an unique result 
 in William Osler’s development both in pathology and medicine. 
 
 OSLER AS CLINICIAN AND TEACHER 
 
 C. F. Martin, B.A., M.D. 
 Montreal 
 
 HATEVER rank the 20th Century may assign to Sir Wil- 
 
 liam Osler in the medical roll call of the 19th, certain it is 
 
 that he was the outstanding figure in the profession both in America 
 
 and in Britain; nor is it any exaggeration to say he was universally 
 
 regarded on boil hemispheres as one of the greatest exponents of 
 modern clinical medicine. 
 
 Such was the distinctive characteristic of his work as to make 
 him one of the most important links in the evolution of clinical 
 knowledge. He represented not only the older type of clinicians 
 who were, above all else, great observers, but also the newer genera- 
 tion whose advances, were, in the main, noteworthy because of 
 laboratory research. 
 
 The prominent physicians of the past centuries were masters 
 of observation, disciples of the best kind of empiricism, and gave 
 to the world of their best through personal experience at the bed- 
 side, and through their marvellous lucidity in recording the re- 
 sults of their observations. Such, at all events, were striking 
 features of the work of Bright, of Addison, of Sydenham and Fagge, 
 while Osler, who was a master of descriptive medical narrative, 
 allied himself with their generations. 
 
 But Sir William stood at the gate-way of the newer world of 
 medicine, and added to his wide clinical knowledge a familiarity 
 with the preliminary and biological sciences. While still a medical 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 OsLER AS CLINICIAN AND THACHER—-MARTIN 
 
 student he became conspicuous at the Montreal Medical Society 
 through his histological demonstrations of pathology, at a time, 
 too, when the microscope was a rare instrument among the profes- 
 sion. Ever since his graduation, moreover, he was a keen student 
 of comparative medicine, and some of his most important contri- 
 butions in earlier years emanated from the pathological laboratory 
 of the veterinary school. This broad interest it was that kept 
 alive for so many years the scientific interest in all these subjects, 
 and which encouraged among physicians and students an ever- 
 increasing appreciation of the importance of pathology, physiology 
 and higher chemistry. 
 
 But what, it may be asked, were the special qualities and 
 characteristics that placed Sir William in so exalted a position 
 among the greatest clinicians and teachers of his time? 
 
 Poll his students, his colleagues, his patients, and you will 
 not find the answer far to seek. 
 
 Chief among Osler’s professional attainments was an intimate 
 knowledge of his subject—not a mere superficial acquaintance with 
 its scientific side, but a penetrating understanding of it and of each 
 and every collateral branch. With this masterful grasp of his 
 - subject he combined a thoroughness in the investigation and con- 
 sideration of cases, reminding one of the great preceptors of the 
 formative period in his development—Murchison, Burdon- 
 Saunderson, Traube, and Laennec, (whose works, written more 
 than a century ago, he commended to his students). With this 
 thoroughness went a marvellous capacity for exact observations 
 and a memory power unusual to a degree, capable of reclaiming 
 alike from experience and from literature material that would 
 throw new light on the subject in hand. 
 
 Thoroughness he regarded as the “ sole preventive of the 
 malady of charlatanism,” a disease not altogether unknown within 
 the confines of the profession. 
 
 An observer first and always, he laid insistence on the im- 
 portance of inspection as an aid to diagnosis. Ten consecutive 
 cases in his “Lectures on Abdominal Tumours” were diagnosed 
 de visu. “Do not forget,” he would say, “that the abdomen 
 extends from the chin to the pubis,’ emphasizing at the same time 
 the importance of a proper light, a proper angle of view, and the 
 necessity of observing the phenomena with inspiration and expira- 
 tion. How often would the revelation of a small mass, descend- 
 

 
 
 
 OSLER AS CLINICIAN AND TEACHER—MARTIN 43 
 
 ing beneath the ribs on inspiration, show the presence of a neo- 
 plasm,—or again the minute subcutaneous nodules reveal to him 
 the diagnosis of a gastric cancer. Recall, too, his insistence on 
 the importance of the inspection of the back in the diagnosis of 
 cardiac and aortic disease, and again the rapid diagnosis of Hugh- 
 lings-Jackson’s paralysis through the early hemiatrophy of the 
 tongue, which had not escaped his all-seeing eye. These and simi- 
 lar instances were the chief characteristics of his daily rounds with 
 students and colleagues. 
 
 Knowing full well the prime importance of patience and cau- 
 tion, he deplored the characteristic liking of our age for “short 
 cuts” in diagnosis, and for “‘quick” results, and against both he 
 warned by precept and example. ‘Go slow around the curves”’ 
 was a maxim which he scrupulously obeyed and thus averted that 
 precipitance which is the chief danger on the track of medical pro- 
 gress. | 
 
 Nor, indeed, has the whole truth been told in this recounting. 
 We must add the power of his well ordered mind to formulate 
 authoritative opinion based upon carefully considered premises, 
 his skill in embellishing those views with historical allusion and 
 literary grace, master that he was of an inimitable style; and crown- 
 ing all a wonderful personality that bound him to student and 
 patient alike, compelling earnest interest in his word and spontane- 
 ous affection for the man himself. 
 
 As a clinical teacher he developed with his friend and ‘col- 
 league, George Ross, a new type of instruction, emphasizing as few 
 had done in America the importance of bedside training in hos- 
 
 pital wards. The influence of Ross upon Osler’s development at 
 
 this period is not sufficiently recognized. Few clinical teachers 
 were then living in Great Britain who could so set the impress of 
 their learning upon medical students as did he. It was a familiar 
 subject of conversation in the medical clinics at Edinburgh,— 
 this influence of Ross as a teacher,—his ability to give to candi- 
 dates for the Scotch degrees the training that seemed to mark the 
 McGill graduate of the day as a student of unusual ability. And 
 so to Sir William Osler the stimulus of Dr. Ross’ presence was a 
 very special delight, his acumen in diagnosis, his thorough-going 
 investigation of a case, beginning with the careful and complete 
 history, and only ending when every organ in the body had been 
 carefully explored by the clinical methods then in vogue. Woe 
 
 
 
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 44 OSLER AS CLINICIAN AND TSACHER—MARTIN 
 
 to the Resident whose records were incomplete or slovenly in 
 the daily round. Little wonder, that with such a training in 
 
 store for them, 4 hospital position in Ross’ service was one of the 
 prizes of the Medical School. ‘2 
 
 Like all great teachers Osler possessed the ability to make his 
 students independent in their thought and action, seeking not to 
 make them mere imitators of himself, patterned according to his 
 own mould; rather did he aim to have them develop that which 
 was distinctive in themselves, inspiring them through his own 
 aspiration and strivings to attain new heights of knowledge and 
 power. Not his, forsooth, was the talent that can merely copy, 
 imitate, reproduce the work of predecessors, however illustrious,— 
 rather was his the genius that penetrates, interprets, and reveals. 
 To the students his reciprocal attitude was an added inspiration, 
 and never did he lower himself to gain cheap popularity, nor did 
 they feel themselves entitled to a familiarity that lacked respect. 
 
 Not the least important of his personal characteristics was 
 an appreciation of the student and practitioner that was always — 
 something more than mere tolerance. To him it was a privilege 
 in his hospital rounds to co-operate with them, to interest them, 
 and, in gathering them about him, to raise their ideals and their 
 standard of education, to give them a new zest and a new inspira- 
 tion. 
 
 Among the many remarkable qualities possessed by this great 
 physician was an inimitable faculty for clear forceful expression 
 whether in the spoken or the written word. Not one of all 
 the thousands who came under his influence but can recall some 
 epigrammatic utterance—some suggestive saying, never to be for- 
 gotten but treasured among the priceless memories of cherished 
 associations. In this category belongs his comment on “the ad- 
 vantages of a small amount of albumin in the urine,” and his ap- 
 propriate resurrection of the aphorism for all mouth-breathers, 
 “Shut your mouth and save your life.”’ 
 
 Who among us does not delight in remembering his terse 
 reference to the arterio-sclerotic, of whom he succinctly remarks, 
 “longevity is a vascular question, ” or again his simple candour 
 in disposing of the question of water-cures and spis, and the al- 
 leged specificity of their treatment—‘the efficacy in reality is in 
 the water,—in the way it is taken, on an empty stomach and in 
 large quantities.” Discussing the analytical method of Freud 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 OsLER AS CLINICIAN AND TEACHER—MARTIN 45 
 
 he likened it to the old method of the confessional in which the 
 sinner poured out his soul in the sympathetic ear of the priest. 
 “Tt is a difficult procedure,” he continues, “not for all to attempt, 
 exhausting alike to the patient and doctor, and when thoroughly 
 carried out, time consuming.” And again, he disposes of a chap- 
 ter on the treatment of erysipelas in the following characteristic 
 manner: ‘Perhaps as good an application as any is cold water, 
 which was highly recommended by Hippocrates. . 
 
 In his magnum opus, ‘The Principles and Practice of Medi- 
 cine,” he has revealed with translucent clearness his exceptional 
 attainments as a teacher. ‘The printed page,’ he says, “has 
 brought me mind to mind with men in all parts of the world, and 
 to feel that I have been helpful in promoting sound knowledge is 
 my greatest satisfaction.”’ 
 
 This great work, the best text-book ever written, a veritable 
 store-house of information, enriched with redundant reference 
 from his own clinical experience and with a mass of historical data 
 most marvellously condensed,—these afford ample evidence of his 
 greatness as a teacher, as a clinician, and as a source of inspiration 
 to all privileged to come under the spell of his versatile and ma- 
 tured genius. 
 
 But above all else, it was as a ma, as a personal inspirer, that 
 his power as a teacher was most conspicuously manifest. For 
 above all the forces that made for progress in British and American 
 medicine was this personal factor, the indefinable power of a 
 genial, rounded and masterful personality. Thus it was that by 
 ‘adding probity to learning, sagacity and humanity, he reached 
 the full stature of the Hippocratean physician.” His exceptional 
 ability as a clinician and teacher were singularly enhanced and 
 perfected by the breadth of his sympathies, as cosmopolitan as 
 they were genuine, and certain to preserve him in the affection 
 of all who experienced his solicitous concern for their good. 
 
 His was a personality robust, strong, and tender, the tender- 
 ness gaining added beauty from the strength. Moreover, his 
 intellectual power was matched by unusual moral force,—the 
 whole crowned with that grace of humility which is ever the 
 supreme mark of a great character. And thus it is true that we 
 can understand how he was enabled to maintain, despite all the 
 experience in his professional career that tempted to cynicism and 
 pessimism, a robust and rational optimism which, while frankly 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 46. OsLER AS CLINICIAN AND TEACHER— MARTIN 
 
 
 
 enabled him to see beyond them to the 
 and goodness in the world. 
 
 His was a life lived truly, fully, progressively, lovingly, with 
 no anger at criticism, no catering to popular standards, no desire 
 for mammon, no falseness to his ideals, and no surrender to a life 
 of indolence,—a life steeped in tireless, unselfish service and in 
 
 radiant hope. 
 ly apply the words recorded by our 
 
 To him we may fitting 
 most distinguished modern poet in the last verse of the last poem 
 
 from his pen,— 
 “One who never turned his back but marched breast forward, 
 
 Never doubted clouds would break, 
 Never dreamed, though right were worsted, wrong would triumph, 
 Held we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better, 
 
 Sleep to wake.” 
 
 recognizing existing evils, 
 forces that make for truth 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 
 
 
 
 TEACHER AND STUDENT 
 
 “Tt would seem, Adeimantus, that the direction wn which educa- 
 
 tion starts a man will determine his future life.”’ 
 —Plato, Republic IV.* 
 
 Rurus Coie, M.D. 
 New York 
 
 NE sometimes fears that the student of the history of med- 
 icine in the years to come may have some difficulty in 
 judging the character and value of Sir William Osler’s contribu- 
 tion to this branch of learning. He was a man of such wide and 
 varied interests and his avocations were so numerous that there 
 is danger that his contemporaries who were not intimately as- 
 sociated with him during his years of greatest medical activity 
 may fail to give proper consideration to his activities in his real 
 vocation, that of a teacher of students of medicine. 
 He had a great capacity for impressing all those with whom 
 he came in contact, he had great literary skill and, consequently, 
 reached many who had no direct contact with or interest in 
 
 
 
 - *Motto quoted by Osler for his address with the above title. 
 
 
 

 
 Sir WILLIAM OsLER, TEACHER AND STUDENT—COLE 47 
 
 medicine. As a result, in his later years his circle of admirers 
 and friends reached far outside the bounds of the medical profes- 
 sion. To many of these his work as a teacher of medicine rep- 
 resents only a subordinate aspect of a many sided life. In the 
 minds of many he undoubtedly appears as a learned historian, 
 as a classicist, as a bibliophile, as a unique and striking person- 
 ality, as a wise counselor in worldly affairs, as a sympathetic 
 and lovable friend, or as an able physician. Truly he was all 
 of these things but, in addition, he was a great teacher of medi- 
 cine, and as a teacher he made an extraordinary impression on 
 the character of the medical profession of his time. During his 
 lifetime a great change occurred in the medical profession in 
 the United States, the methods of teaching medicine were revo- 
 lutionized, and while other factors played a part in the trans- 
 formation, certainly much can be directly traced to his influence. 
 Is it not possible that those who look upon the great honours 
 which fell to him during his Oxford years as the crowning glory 
 of his career may not fail as grievously in appraising his life as 
 have the Philistines who know of him chiefly as the author of a 
 theory regarding old age? 
 
 Time can only reveal which of the various channels through 
 which flowed his great personality were cut most deeply and 
 permanently, but it seems most likely that it was as a student 
 and teacher of medicine that he made the greatest impression 
 on his time and that it is through the results of his teaching, 
 transmitted through the medium of his students, that his effect up- 
 on posterity will be most significant. 
 
 He himself would have been the last to analyze his methods 
 or to discuss their wider significance. He preferred to act and 
 allow others to draw conclusions and inferences. It is possibly, 
 therefore, not an entirely gracious task to dissect the methods 
 he employed in teaching, and to discuss the character of the 
 influence which he exerted upon medical progress. Nor do I 
 feel competent to do this. Nevertheless, in these few inadequate 
 lines I should like to recall his contribution to medical educa- 
 tion, to medical progress, and to the science of medicine, rather 
 than to dwell upon his great personality, or on his ability to in- 
 spire admiration and love, even that akin to worship. These 
 qualities, of such paramount importance in a teacher, he pos- 
 sessed in an extraordinary degree, but the world has seen many 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
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 48 Sr Wr1amM Oster, TEACHER AND STruDENT—COLE 
 
 other teachers of medicine possessed of these magnetic qualities, 
 who nevertheless exerted very little influence in the direction of 
 progress or true enlightenment. He, however, was not only able 
 to attract and entertain but he was able in addition to stimulate 
 that interest which impels men to study and think independently 
 and, above all, he was able to demonstrate an effective method 
 of study to be employed. That he could successfully do this is 
 shown by the large number of the leading students of medicine 
 of the present generation who were his pupils and who received 
 from him their chief inspiration. 
 
 This ability to transform erude unthinking youths into 
 serious students was not the result of mere chance or the mani- 
 festation of a kind gift from the gods. He created students be- 
 cause he himself was a student. The laws of conservation apply 
 in intellectual and spiritual realms as surely as they do in the 
 physical world. No one gives out more than he receives. The 
 most effective teaching is through example. To write in a de- 
 lightful and entertaining way of the “‘Master Word”’ is splendid, 
 but what really stimulated his students was the knowledge that 
 he had gained his own power through travail and effort. The 
 daily observation of his unremitting effort to gain more know- 
 ledge concerning disease stimulated imitation. ‘Those who knew 
 him in his youth and during his Montreal days when he was 
 studying pathology have told us of his great industry. We who 
 as pupils and assistants attempted to follow him day by day 
 realized only too well the enormous intensity with which he en- 
 tered into every task. 
 
 But he did not expend energy undirected. He had the true 
 spirit of the student, of the investigator, and his activities con- 
 formed to one of the methods of scientific investigation. Lord 
 Kelvin has distinguished between two stages in the progress of 
 science, the “Natural History” stage and the “Natural Phil- 
 osophy” stage, the stage of observation and description, and the 
 stage of generalization and formulation. : 
 
 During the nineteenth century most of the biological sciences, 
 certainly medicine, was in the “Natural History”’ stage. Dri. s 
 Gwyn has told in a splendid way of the early influences which 
 directed Dr. Osler as a youth to the study of natural history. 
 He early learned how to observe and to classify and he em- 
 ployed this scientific method in all his later investigations. For 
 

 
 Sir Wititiam Oster, TEACHER AND STUDENT—COLE 49 
 
 Dr. Osler medicine was a descriptive science and the nosogra- 
 phic method was of prime importance in the study of dis- 
 ease. He recognized, as Faber has stated, that ‘to the clinician 
 it is essential; he cannot live, speak or act without the concept 
 of morbid categories.”” But although Dr. Osler made important 
 contributions to nosography, as witness his study and analysis 
 of the erythema-purpura group of diseases, yet it was in accurate 
 observation and description that he was most interested, leaving 
 to others discussion regarding the establishment of new classifi- 
 cations. Only those who were in intimate contact with him 
 during his working hours in the wards can realize the remark- 
 able power of observation and the skill in discriminating be- 
 tween the important and the unimportant which he developed. 
 Added to this was a very remarkable facility in description, ex- 
 tremely accurate yet highly picturesque and interesting. These 
 are the qualities which it seems to me are outstanding (rarely 
 combined in such a happy manner in one individual) and these 
 are the qualities which stamp him as a great scientist. More- 
 over, it was through these qualities—the love of work, the ability 
 to observe accurately and describe clearly—that he made his 
 greatest impression upon his students and upon the medicine of 
 his day. 
 I have always felt that in his third year clinic Dr. Osler 
 reached the high water-mark of clinical teaching—that indeed he 
 here spoke the last word in the teaching art. This was not the 
 conventional clinic—a lecture or demonstration. Instead he be- 
 came one of a group of students, none of whom except himself 
 had any knowledge of disease except that acquired from the 
 study of dead tissues. Together they observed and described 
 sick human beings. The special examples studied he himself had 
 not previously seen, but they were chosen at random by his as- 
 sistants from among those applying for treatment. One student 
 was chosen to conduct the examination under Dr. Osler’s direc- 
 tion, though each of the members of the class quickly became as 
 interested and keen as though he were personally making the 
 examination. By skilful direction the students were guided in 
 detecting the particular features in which the patient differed 
 from the normal. Dr. Osler looked and the students looked with 
 him. ‘Then they were guided in reasoning from effect to cause 
 and cause to effect. They were initiated into the method of 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 
 
 
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 My 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 Str WiwiaM Oster, TEACHER AND STUDENT—COLE 
 
 Zadig. It was all like taking part in the most fascinating game, 
 
 and it was all conducted as informally as a game. But it was 
 the ideal application of a fundamental method of scientific in- 
 vestigation. -The game did not end with observation. The stu- 
 dents were directed to keep accurate notes, not from dictation, 
 but to keep their independent records of their own observations. 
 I have no doubt that many of the students wrote better descrip- 
 tions during those third yeat clinics than they have ever com- 
 
 posed since. Some of them in after life again became careless— 
 
 some probably now keep no notes at all—but on many or most 
 of these men there was indelibly impressed the importance of 
 careful observation and accurate description. 
 
 The students were also skilfully directed towards methods 
 to be employed in obtaining first-hand information from the 
 literature—even the ancient literature—regarding the observa- 
 tions of others on identical or analogous phenomena. They 
 were called upon to follow the patients to their homes and ob- 
 serve the progress of the abnormalities they had observed, and 
 these observations had to be reported to the class. By the end 
 of the course a student had not only learned the methods of clin- 
 ical study but, because each patient had been stamped on his 
 memory as well as recorded in his notes, he had acquired an ex- 
 perience such as many physicians do not obtain after years of 
 practice. This method has since been imitated by many other 
 teachers. But Dr. Osler’s third year clinic marked a distinct ad- 
 vance in clinical teaching in this country. Students were taught 
 to observe, record, and think. It brought into the teaching of 
 clinical medicine the scientific method. 
 
 The ward rounds and fourth year clinic never seemed to 
 me quite so successful or original, though they were models of 
 their kind. It is true that the ward rounds partook much of 
 the character of the third year clinic but much more stress was 
 laid on memory tests, upon the classification and grouping of 
 symptoms and signs, largely for mnemonic purposes. While such 
 expedients are undoubtedly of great value to the student, yet 
 they are probably not of great importance in arousing interest 
 or developing scientific methods. 
 
 I have only had the opportunity to hint at certain of the 
 methods employed by Dr. Osler. What I have tried to empha- 
 size is that he was a great student of clinical medicine, one of 
 
 
 
 
 
Srr Wiui1am Oster, TEACHER AND StTUDENT—CoLE 51. 
 
 the greatest since Sydenham, and a very great teacher of medi- 
 cine, possibly the greatest since Boerhaave. He wrote a treatise 
 on clinical medicine that will long remain a model. In his study 
 of disease he employed the ‘Natural History” method, the 
 method of systematic botany and zoology, the method of Lin- 
 naeus and of Agassiz. At the present time there is a tendency 
 to treat this method in a step-sisterly fashion. It must be borne 
 in mind, however, that in the development of all the sciences 
 data must first be collected. Generalizations then follow. In 
 the study of medicine in its broader aspects, or of pathology, ac- 
 curate knowledge of clinical phenomena is of the greatest value. 
 To study the more superficial features of disease accurately and 
 in the scientific spirit is a task worthy of the greatest minds. 
 
 Dr. Osler was not a student of the fundamental processes 
 underlying clinical phenomena. There were few clinicians in the 
 world who were engaged in these problems in his day. The 
 water has flowed swiftly under the bridge during the past dec- 
 ades. The medical student of to-day is considering problems of 
 ever increasing complexity and in applying the descriptive method 
 he now must make use of the most complex aids to the senses. 
 The experimental method is now the vogue. Dr. Osler was not 
 unconscious of the changing order. He constantly urged the use 
 of laboratory methods when they were of assistance and it was 
 directly through his influence, as the writer knows, that many 
 fundamental changes in the teaching of medicine and in the in- 
 vestigation of disease have taken place. He showed his ever- 
 lasting youth by never opposing change. While he sounded the 
 danger of precipitancy, yet he ever welcomed the new. 
 
 Let us never forget in our love for him as a man and in our 
 admiration of his versatile, striking, personality, that he was one 
 of the great students of medicine and one of its greatest teachers. 
 He has made an impression on clinical medicine and on medical 
 education for all time. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 52 INFLUENCE OF OsLER ON AMERICAN MEDICINE—KOBER 
 
 THE INFLUENCE OF DR. OSLER ON 
 AMERICAN MEDICINE * 
 
 Grorce M. KoBER, M.D. 
 Washington, D.C. 
 
 2, ganna personal appreciation of the master work of this 
 chieftain in the art and science of medicine, gratitude for 
 the kindly inspirations experienced through his influence and the 
 sanguine hope that his fair example may stimulate the younger 
 generation to emulate his noble achievements, have prompted 
 the writer to lay the wreath of tribute to his memory. 
 * * * *K * * 
 
 Dr. Osler’s Influence on Higher Medical Education. Dr. 
 Osler was ever a staunch advocate of higher pre-medical educa- 
 tion requirements, extension of the period of professional study 
 and the substitution of laboratory instruction for didactic teach- 
 ing. In his “Essay on the Need of Radical Reforms in the 
 Methods of Teaching Senior Students,’’? he advises teachers 
 “to give to students an education of such a character that they 
 can become sensible practitioners. " 
 
 Dr. Osler was convinced that it is the duty of a medical 
 school to see that the senior student “begins his studies with 
 the patient, continues them with the patient, ends them with 
 the patient, using books and lectures as tools, means to an end.” 
 
 He persistently maintained that the ideal hospital is one 
 connected with a medical school, with the professors members 
 of the attending staff. In this connection he writes: “The 
 work of an institution in which there is no teaching is rarely 
 first class. It is, I think, safe to say that in a hospital with stu- 
 dents in the wards the patients are more carefully looked after, 
 their diseases are more carefully studied and fewer mistakes are 
 made.” 
 
 Osler’s methods of teaching clinical medicine fitted in admir- 
 ably with the general policy of the faculty that the students 
 
 
 
 *Extracted by permission from an article by the writer in the Transac- 
 ie of = Association of American Physicians, 1919. With additional obit- 
 note. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 INFLUENCE OF OSLER ON AMERICAN MeEpDICcCINE—KOBER 53 
 
 should be made a part of the machinery of the hospital. As a 
 result the clinical unit was maintained in the fourth year as 
 taught by him, but the work transferred from the out-patient 
 department to the wards. In Osler’s judgment “each man 
 should be allowed to serve for at least half of the session in the 
 medical wards and half in the surgical wards. He should be 
 assigned four or five beds, and under the supervision of the house 
 physician he does all the work in connection with his own patients. 
 One or two of the clinical units are taken around the wards three 
 or four times a week by one of the teachers for a couple of hours, 
 the cases commented upon, the students asked questions and the 
 group made familiar with the progress of the cases. In this 
 way the student gets a familiarity with disease, a practical know- 
 ledge of clinical medicine and a practical knowledge of how to 
 treat disease.”’ 
 
 Though Dr. Osler disclaims any credit for his teaching 
 method, it is nevertheless unquestionable that had it not been 
 for his wonderful personality, enthusiastic and effective leader- 
 ship, American medical education might still be fifty years in 
 arrear of that of Europe. It required a man of his broad vision, 
 sound judgment, a devotee to his profession and a statesman in 
 medicine to make converts to the cause of his revolutionary 
 ideals. Dr. Arnold Klebs has deeded us in Garrison’s history 
 an admirable pen portrait of the Doctor as clinical professor at 
 the Johns Hopkins Hospital: | 
 
 ‘Never can one forget the scenes in the out-patient depart- 
 ment, where he stood surrounded by his boys, helping them as 
 a friend in their struggles with some difficult case. He would 
 go to one, put his arm around his shoulder and then begin a 
 friendly inquiry, interspersed with humorous remarks and allu- 
 sions to the work done by special students on a given subject. 
 Urging, encouraging, inspiring, so we saw him, always exact, 
 dogmatic never, and when the humorous, friendly fire kindled in 
 his eyes we could not help but love him, and with him the task 
 we had chosen for our life work.”’ 
 
 We feel that we would be omitting an important page in the 
 story of Osler’s activities were we to pass over in silence those 
 homely Saturday evening gatherings, held at the round table in 
 his magnificent library, where he offered what Garrison charac- 
 terizes as “the best models of charming essays on medical his- 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 INFLUENCE OF OSLER ON AMERICAN MeEpDICINE—KOBER 
 
 tory,” and estimated by Sudhoff ‘to contain more of the his- 
 torical spirit than many learned works of the professional his- 
 torian. The reason is that Osler loves his old authors as he does 
 his profession.” 
 
 These gatherings also enabled him to familiarize himself 
 with the individuality of each student and in his charming way 
 to offer timely and valuable suggestions as to how to solve cer- 
 tain intellectual and moral problems. Johns Hopkins Medical 
 School has become known as the mother of medical teachers, 
 and since 213 of the 453 graduates who were also his pupils 
 prior to 1906, are or have been connected with our medical 
 schools, it is easy to infer the extent of his beneficent influence. 
 
 Dr. Osler, realizing, as every master mind necessarily must, 
 the value of example, ever ‘neuleated on his student body esteem 
 for the general practitioner and old-style country doctor. Most 
 of his pupils will cherish gratefully the words addressed to them 
 during class hours: ‘Many of you have been influenced in 
 your choice of a profession by the example and friendship for 
 the old family doctor or of some country practitioner in whom 
 you have recognized the highest type of mankind and whose 
 unique position in the community has filled you with laudable 
 ambition. You will do well to make such a man your example, 
 and I would urge you to start with no higher ambition than to 
 join the noble band of general practitioners. They form the 
 very sinews of the profession—generous-hearted men, with well- 
 balanced, cool heads, not scientific always, but learned in the 
 wisdom of the sick room if not in the laboratories. ”’ 
 
 ‘Osler was deeply interested in the progress of American 
 medicine and proud of its achievements, as shown in his address 
 delivered at the opening of the Museum of the Medical Grad- 
 uates’ College and Polyclinic in London on July 4th, 1900, in 
 which he pointed out the silent revolution which had taken 
 place in medical education, and especially in the cultivation of 
 the scientific branches, hospital equipment and clinical facilities: 
 
 “The most hopeful feature is a restless discontent which, 
 let us hope, may not be allayed until the revolution is complete 
 in all respects. Meantime, to students who wish to have the 
 best that the world offers, let me suggest that the lines of intel- 
 lectual progress are veering strongly to the West, and I predict 
 that in the twentieth century the young English physicians will 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 INFLUENCE OF OSLER ON AMERICAN’ MEDICINE—KOBER 55 
 
 find their keenest inspiration in the land of the setting sun.” 
 
 It.is quite natural that a man with such high hopes and 
 aspirations would strongly resent any interference with the legiti- 
 mate and humane methods employed for the advancement of 
 scientific medicine. 
 
 I shall never forget the expression of scorn in his eyes and 
 the words with which he rebuked the enemies of scientific pro- 
 gress, who had been heard before the United States Senate Com- 
 mittee on a bill for the further prevention of cruelty to animals: 
 “The blood just surged in my veins, Sir, when I heard two men 
 address you to-day, say things which they should have been 
 ashamed to say of the medical profession, of men who daily give 
 their lives for their fellows...... With reference to men who 
 train with these enemies of the profession, I say this, that I scorn 
 them from my heart.” (See Hearing on Vivisection, February 
 2ist., 1900, Government Printing Office, Washington). The bill 
 failed in the committee and no serious attempt has been made to 
 enact what Osler characterized as ‘‘a piece of unnecessary legis- 
 lation.” 
 
 Dr. Osler’s Influence on the Profession at Large. The many 
 invitations extended and accepted by Dr. Osler to address med- 
 ical societies attest the savoury, widespread influence his career 
 wielded over the medical community at home and abroad. His 
 text-book, Principles and Practice of Medicine, graces the book- 
 shelves of well-nigh every English-speaking physician the world 
 over. 
 
 The medical societies, the efficient vehicle, as he took it, for 
 the dissemination of scholarship, ever received his heartiest 
 encouragement. Accordingly, we find him either enrolled as an 
 active member of these societies or fostering their foundation, 
 because, as he said to the members and friends on the occasion 
 of the centennial celebration of the New Haven Medical Asso- 
 ciation, January 6th., 1903: ‘The society is a school in which 
 the scholars teach each other, and there is no better way than 
 by the demonstration of the more unusual cases that happen to 
 fall in your way.” Through these societies he awakened inter- 
 est in postmortem work, the presentation of pathological speci- 
 mens and in library equipment. Through them, also, he empha- 
 sized what a well-equipped and properly manned hospital in 
 every town of 50,000 inhabitants could effect toward the advance- 
 
 
 
 
 
 SSS EEE = =a — 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 56 INFLUENCE OF OSLER ON AMERICAN MEpiIciInE—KoBER 
 Through them he felt that America 
 
 ment of clinical medicine. 
 ical medicine in five years than 
 
 would accomplish more for clin 
 
 Germany could in ten. he 
 Osler was one of the most active founders of the Association 
 
 of American Physicians, organized at a meeting held in the office 
 of Dr. Francis Delafield, New York City, October 10th., 1885. 
 Others present at this time were Drs. William H. Draper, Wil- 
 liam Pepper, James Tyson, George L. Peabody and Robert T. 
 Edes. 
 
 The first scientific meeting of the Association was convened 
 in Washington, June 17th, 1886, and from that meeting until 
 his departure for Oxford he was recorded absent from the meet- 
 ings but twice. Even after his departure he attended several 
 meetings, and was elected an honorary member in 1912. In 
 1894 he was elected president of the Association, and in his 
 address delivered May 30th, 1895, he spoke in part as follows: 
 
 “ At the opening of our tenth meeting the question is timely— 
 How far has the Association fulfilled the object it had in view? 
 Have our aspirations and hopes of 1885 been realized? We 
 sought, as stated in Article I of our Constitution, the advance- 
 ment of scientific and practical medicine. With this primary 
 object we sought also, as Dr. Delafield said in his opening remarks, 
 an association in which there will be no medical politics and no 
 medical ethics; an association in which no one will care who are 
 the officers and who are not; in which we will not ask from which 
 part of the country a man comes, but whether he had done good 
 work, and will do more, whether he has anything to say worth 
 saying and can say it.”’ 
 
 Osler believed that the nine volumes of the Transactions 
 offered a full and satisfactory answer to the first question, and 
 referred to them as “the repository of very much that is best in 
 American medical literature.” He emphasized the widespread and 
 effective interest which the papers of Dr. Fitz on “ Appendicitis’ 
 and of Dr. F. M. Draper on “Pancreatic Hemorrhage” had pro- 
 duced, and succinctly reviewed some of the topics presented for 
 discussion, such as typhoid fever, the parasites of malaria, tuber- 
 culosis, diseases of the gastric intestinal tract, diseases of the 
 heart, blood, blood-vessels, kidneys, etc. He boldly stated that 
 several papers had been presented which indicated that the read- 
 
 ers had failed to grasp the scope of the Association. He declared 
 

 
 INFLUENCE OF OSLER ON AMERICAN MEDICINE—KOBER 57 
 
 that the Association had already shown a powerful influence on 
 the study of pathological and clinical medicine in this country, 
 that there was at present an actual scarcity of well-trained special 
 clinical physicians, and of such physicians and of pathologists 
 and bacteriologists should the Association in greater part be 
 composed. 
 
 He referred to the limited membership, and with character- 
 istic frankness declared: ‘We should all understand that this is 
 a working society, and when any one of us ceases to attend regu- 
 larly, or when our interest grows lukewarm, we will promote 
 best the common welfare by quickly retiring.” 
 
 Osler was a member of the Council of the Association for a 
 number of years and exercised a strict but just censorship over 
 the admission of members; he was doubtless the most active and 
 fruitful worker in that body, as shown by ten original contribu- 
 tions and his discussion of sixty-four papers presented by other 
 members. He was as popular among his colleagues in the Associ- 
 ation as a teacher as with his classes in the medical school. The 
 young and the old were attracted, inspired and improved, and 
 men like Jacobi and others much older than he have told him 
 that they were glad to sit at his feet and listen to him. Since the 
 majority of these men were occupying professorial chairs the 
 sphere of his beneficent influence has been greatly evidenced. He 
 was also an enthusiastic founder of the National Association for 
 the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis in 1904, and has been 
 the Honorary Vice-President ever since 1905. 
 
 When Osler, over fifty years ago, stood upon the threshold 
 of his professional life, he stood there convinced of the dignity 
 and responsibilities of his lofty avocation. He stood there con- 
 vinced that if his name were to be dug deep in the marble walls 
 of the hall of fame, it had to be dug therein with the chisels of 
 study, honesty, and truth. Since then he lived a lifetime of life 
 and lived it well. He lived a lifetime of study as evinced by his 
 numerous contributions to medical literature. He lived a life- 
 time of service to his fellowman, to which bore witness his con- 
 tributions to preventive medicine, his active participation in the 
 
 1The membership of the Association in 1886 was limited to 100, which 
 was increased in 1897 to 125, in 1904 to 135 active and 25 associate members 
 and further increased in 1912 to 160 active and 25 associate members. 
 
 Active members after ten years’ service may be transferred to the list of 
 emeritus members. Honorary membership is limited to 25. 
 
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 58 INFLUENCE OF OSLER ON AMERICAN MEDICINE—KOBER 
 
 eradication of preventable disease, his kindly ministrations to 
 the sick poor. He lived a lifetime which was an honour to his 
 profession and a glory to his professional brethren. A lifetime 
 which was rewarded with every honour and trust at home and 
 abroad which the medical community could possibly bestow 
 upon him. He lived a lifetime of service, and during this life- 
 time he tempered tenderness with firmness, condescension with 
 authority. His only protest against cares was silence. Dignity 
 met his responsibilities; equanimity his successes and griefs, suf- 
 ferings and disappointments. And as our congratulations went 
 out to him on the occasion of his fiftieth birthday there followed 
 the sincere hope that his days of activity might still be many to 
 complement this lifetime that shall know no death. 
 
 Unfortunately the universal hope of Sir William Osler’s 
 friends that he might live long to enjoy the evening of his life 
 
 “has not been realized. The writer cannot help but feel that 
 
 the days of our beloved Chief, like those of many other men 
 and mothers, with courageous but sympathetic hearts, were 
 shortened by the cruel world war. He lost his only son and also 
 a nephew on the western battle fields, and his silent but intense 
 grief, combined with overwork, did much to undermine his con- 
 stitution. 
 
 The first information of his impaired health reached me in a 
 card dated November 19th, in which he wrote: “I have been 
 laid up for some weeks with bronchitis, but am better now.” 
 Pneumonia developed and later pleurisy with effusion, necessitat- 
 ing a thoracentesis. On Christmas Day he sent a cheerful, 
 hopeful telegram to his friends at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 
 that he was making a good fight, but on December 29th came 
 the end, which was felt as a shock throughout the English-speak- 
 ing world. He has gone to his long home. Minerva Medica 
 has ushered him through the portals beyond and proudly but 
 reverently presented him to the Supreme Healer of the Universe 
 
 as a type of the true physician, whose spirit will abide with us 
 now and always! 
 
 
 

 
 OsLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 59 
 
 OSLER AND TUBERCULOSIS* 
 
 JosEPH H. Pratt, M.D. 
 Boston 
 
 O all tuberculosis workers who were in close touch with Sir 
 William Osler it must seem as it did to Louis Hamman’ 
 that he showed a particular interest in tuberculosis. It cer- 
 tainly formed one of his major subjects of study in medicine. 
 It was a disease that in its various aspects, pathological, clinical 
 or social, engaged much of his thought from the beginning to 
 the end of his life in the profession he loved so well. As early 
 as 1870 he says his attention was called to the frequency of 
 healed tuberculosis by Palmer Howard, of Montreal, who was in 
 the habit of pointing out the great frequency of puckering at 
 the apices of the lungs in elderly persons. That was the earliest 
 reference to the disease I have found in his writings’. In the 
 fall of 1919, forty-nine years later, we find him on the Council 
 of the National Association for the Prevention of Consumption 
 and other Forms of Tuberculosis and planning an address for 
 the coming meeting®. Only the illness which ended in his death 
 prevented him from delivering it. So it is seen from this that 
 his interest in the great problems presented by tuberculosis 
 and his activity in solving them ceased only with life itself. If 
 one examines carefully all the work he did in the study of tu- 
 berculosis and attempts to measure his influence in this field, 
 one is bound to say of him as he said of Austin Flint that, 
 among American internists of his time he stood, facile princeps 
 in his knowledge of tuberculosis. 
 
 Yet I do not feel that he had the same intense interest in 
 tuberculosis as a disease that he had in some diseases. It was 
 not a “pet subject’? with him in the way that aneurism un- 
 doubtedly was. His knowledge of the manifold aspects of tu- 
 berculosis and his many contributions that threw light on dark 
 places and advanced science were simply the inevitable result 
 of his “way of life’, and an eloquent testimonial of the value of 
 the “master word in medicine’’—work. 
 
 *See also on this subject the articles in this volume by C. D. Parfitt, 8. A 
 Knopf, and Wm. Collier, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 60 OsLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 
 
 No one can read his many papers 08 tuberculosis without 
 realizing how true he was to his personal ideal to do the day’s 
 work well. He was content to “observe, record, tabulate and 
 communicate’™*. In his life and in his teachings he showed 
 the abiding worth of the Hippocratic method. His publications 
 on tuberculosis were the fruit of this daily work and they are 
 rich in medical wisdom which, as he repeatedly pointed out, is 
 simply knowledge made efficient. Although hardly fair to him- 
 self in saying, “I followed the line of least resistance”, he found 
 ‘n the thoroughly performed autopsy OF the carefully examined 
 case material enough not only for study and teaching, but for 
 advancing knowledge. He was content all his life “to do what 
 lies clearly at hand”.° Although a prolific writer on tubereu- 
 losis as on other subjects, he never wrote, as T. McCrae’ truly 
 says, ‘for the mere sake of writing, but because he had some- 
 thing worthy of being written.’’ There was a gradual widening 
 in the scope of his work. In Montreal and in Philadelphia he 
 dealt chiefly with the pathological aspects of tuberculosis, while 
 in Baltimore and Oxford his studies were largely clinical and 
 social. Concerned at first with the gross changes in tissues pro- 
 duced by the disease, we see him later studying the objective 
 symptoms and signs and interested especially in the different 
 clinical types of tuberculosis in the lungs and elsewhere. He 
 was active at the same time in arousing the profession both to 
 the need and means of preventing the spread of the disease, 
 particularly among children. 
 
 A few years later we find him a leader in social measures for 
 combatting the disease, such as the registration of cases of con- 
 sumption, home visitation by medical students and later by 
 trained nurses. He secured a fund to which he made an addi- 
 tion from his own purse for a special clinical study of tubercu- 
 losis. ‘This made possible the establishment of the first rudimen- 
 tary tuberculosis dispensary at Baltimore by Dr. C. D. Parfitt 
 in 1898. He did pioneer work in the cause of education in tu- 
 berculosis and established the first special society for the study 
 of the disease, which he called after the man who had by his 
 life and writings been a constant inspiration in his own studies— 
 the Lzennec. 
 
 In the first tuberculosis exhibition for the public held in 
 Baltimore, January, 1904, Dr. Osler was the “moving spirit” 
 
WY 
 
 
 
 OSLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 61 
 
 and it proved a most successful undertaking®. He also played 
 a leading part in the organization of the National Association 
 for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis. During his last 
 year in Baltimore, Mr. Henry Phipps, having learned of Dr. 
 Osler’s efforts in aid of the tuberculous poor, sent a cheque for 
 $10,000 to further that work, soon followed by an additional 
 gift of $20,000 for a tuberculosis dispensary at the Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital. In England he was for nine years president of the 
 Oxfordshire Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis and 
 was a “tower of strength” to his fellow members in carrying on 
 the fight®. His interest in the clinical and pathological features 
 of the disease continued, and as late as the spring of 1919 he 
 gave a lecture on acute pulmonic tuberculosis before the London 
 Tuberculosis Society. For this meeting Sir William had col- 
 lected specimens from the museums of Guy’s Hospital, St. Bar- 
 tholomew’s Hospital and the Royal College of Physicians, and 
 photographs of these were shown upon the screen.” 
 
 The habit of careful observation and minute study was 
 doubtless partly inborn and partly due to the right sort of train- 
 ing. William Osler was fortunate in his environment and in his 
 teachers. While a school-boy, the love of natural history was 
 instilled into him by the master of Trinity College School, the 
 Rev. W. D. Johnson, whom he describes as a man of the White 
 of Selborne type. There is now preserved in Toronto a large, 
 beautiful cabinet built by Father Johnson, and filled with finely 
 mounted microscopic slides. It is an eloquent witness of his 
 devotion to natural history and to scientific investigation. Dr. 
 Osler freely acknowledged his debt, also, to that other naturalist, 
 Dr. James Bovell, of Toronto, who taught him the uses and 
 importance of the microscope in practical medicine and to whom 
 he dedicated the first pathological report to be published from a 
 Canadian hospital (1878). 
 
 In 1870, in the middle of his medical course, Osler was drawn 
 from Toronto to Montreal by the clinical advantages of McGill. 
 The founders of McGill were all graduates of Edinburgh, and 
 the traditions and methods of that school were continued in 
 this new Canadian institution. Medicine was taught by direct 
 observation at the bed-side and the observations and deduc- 
 tions made there were controlled, corrected, and amplified by 
 the postmortem findings’’. 
 
 
 
—_—_—_—_——SSSS]SSFZSSSSSss z= SSS SSS 
 : =; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 62 OsLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 
 
 Osler’s student life at Montreal have been 
 eriod at McGill.’”” The high quality of the 
 by the proceedings of the Med- 
 treal published in the Canada 
 
 The years of 
 termed ‘‘a golden p 
 clinical work is clearly indicated 
 
 ico-Chirurgical Society of Mon pub 
 Medical Journal and the many scientific articles appearing 
 
 there and elsewhere. By precept and example the clinicians at 
 the Montreal General Hospital taught the importance not only 
 of detailed accurate observations at the bedside, but of keeping 
 good notes of the cases. Many interesting case-reports from 
 the hospital were published in the early Canadian journals. 
 The good Scotch custom was followed, of giving credit to the stu- 
 dent who made the notes. Many cases reported by students 
 appear in the Canada Medical Journal and the objective descrip- 
 tions are given with evident care and accuracy. Osler, while a 
 student, reported a series of cases from the service of Dr. D. C. 
 MacCallum, and he did this with an attention to the important 
 details that was admirable. The autopsy on a case of pleuro- 
 pnuemonia was evidently his own, as Dr. Maude Abbott states, 
 
 “It is described at length in the clear and systematic manner 
 
 of his later pathological reports’’.”” 
 
 Emphasis should be placed on the excellency of the notes 
 that the leading Montreal physicians made on their private 
 eases. Those published by Dr. John Reddy in a paper “on 
 paralysis with aphasia”’ are models of their kind. Young Osler 
 knew Dr. Reddy and assisted him at the postmortem on one of 
 his cases and prepared a “very valuable wet preparation” of 
 embolism of the middle cerebral artery. 
 
 Although he owed much to other teachers, he himself says 
 that Dr. R. Palmer Howard was “‘the man from whom more than 
 any other I received inspiration’’.”” The clinical and pathological 
 notes in Dr. Howard’s published papers show the impress made 
 upon him by his great teachers, Graves and Stokes of Dublin, 
 from whom he probably acquired his enthusiasm for the study 
 of medicine. Osler himself said of Palmer Howard that his 
 work was characterized by the “careful and thorough observa- 
 tion of facts’®.”’ 
 
 Much as he gained from the example and precept of his 
 Canadian and English teachers, Virchow was without doubt 
 his chief exemplar in the making of detailed, time-consuming 
 observations of the features of a case that seemed important. 
 

 
 OSLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 63 
 
 In a letter written from Berlin in 1873, the year after his gradua- 
 tion, the young Osler’’ says, ‘‘ Virchow, himself performs a post- 
 mortem on Monday morning, making it with such care and 
 minuteness that three or four hours may elapse before it is finished. 
 The very first morning of my attendance he spent exactly half 
 an hour in the description of the skull-cap.”’ A few months 
 later he wrote’®that Vienna in pathology was “‘infinitely below” 
 Berlin. I mention this to show the high opinion he at once 
 formed of Virchow and his teaching. Nearly fifty years later 
 another young graduate’ describing Sir William Osler’s ward 
 rounds at the Radcliffe Infirmary says, ‘‘sometimes half an 
 hour was spent in merely looking at a patient and in talking over 
 
 the things that could be seen.” 
 
 PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES 
 
 During the Montreal period his time was largely spent in 
 the study and teaching of gross pathclogical anatomy. The 
 motto he selected for the title page of the first pathological re- 
 port from the Montreal General Hospital reveals the guiding 
 principle of this early work: “Pathology is the basis of all true 
 instruction in practical medicine’? (Wilks). Years later Dr. 
 Osler stated his conviction of the value of a thorough training 
 in the method of science in purifying a man’s spirit and motives. 
 Such a training he himself obtained. ‘‘Problems in physiology 
 and pathology,” he said,’ “touch at every point the commonest 
 affection, and through exercise in these, if only in the early years 
 of professional life, the man is chastened, so to speak, and can 
 never, even in the daily round of the most exacting practice de- 
 generate into a money-making machine.” 
 
 One of his earliest studies was on the “pathology of miner’s 
 lung” (anthracosis)*®. During the summer of 1875 he took 
 charge of the small-pox ward of the general hospital, partly at 
 least in order to earn money for the purchase of microscopes 
 for his students. This gave him the opportunity to do autop- 
 sies on his fatal cases. One of these was a Nova Scotian miner 
 who died of haemorrhagic variola. Both lungs were of a “uni- 
 form deep blue-black colour.”” A careful description of their 
 appearance was written on the spot. This was followed by a 
 thorough investigation of the distribution of carbon pigment 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ted OSLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 
 
 in the lungs and pleura.* This case formed the basis of a study 
 of the pathology of miner’s lung published a few months later. 
 The detailed description of the lungs of this original case is ad- 
 mirable. It includes, in addition to the naked eye inspection 
 and the examination with a hand lens, the study of the black 
 fluid that exuded from the cut surface, teased specimens, and 
 thin sections of many parts of the lungs. Although the objec- 
 tive description of his findings is concise, it is so extensive that it 
 occupies nearly eight pages of text. It is illustrated with six 
 drawings of cells and teased specimens. The entire article is a 
 model of thoroughness and accuracy and has all the character- 
 isties of his later and better known work. He found several 
 other specimens at the hospital, all inadequately described 
 previously. Microscopic examinations were made of these. Dr. 
 Wilson Fox had suggested that the irritating substances in the 
 air of the mines might directly induce the production of tubercles 
 and that the fibroid masses represented the final change which 
 these had undergone. ‘Against any such view,” Osler said, 
 “these cases here speak strongly.” Osler concluded that the 
 esseritial change in the structure of the lungs was an increase 
 ‘n the fibrous elements—a genuine cirrhosis. He proved the 
 extraneous origin of the carbon by the detection of fossilized 
 vegetable tissue in the form of scalariform and dotted ducts. 
 This first case made a lasting impression upon Osler and a por- 
 tion of his protocol will be found in the section on the morbid 
 anatomy of pneumoconiosis in all the editions of his text-book. 
 His study included five experiments on kittens. These proved 
 that a fluid, containing coloured particles, injected into the lungs 
 was quickly taken up by the cells, and when introduced into the 
 axilla it finds its way to the costal lymphatics and the anterior 
 mediastinal lymph nodes. He did not publish his paper until he 
 had carefully read the available literature. It is evident that he 
 was as keen then as later regarding the original account of any 
 disease he studied, for he states that it was Pearson in 1813 who 
 first described the affection. 
 
 A subsequent case of anthracosis in a Cornish miner was re- 
 ported a few years later from his clinic by a student”’. This is 
 also mentioned in the text-book. It confirmed the conclusion 
 
 * These specimens are preserved to-day in the McGill Museum—Lditor. 
 
 
 

 
 OsLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 65 
 
 made from his earlier study that the change produced by carbon 
 dust is an essential fibrosis. 
 
 On May Ist, 1876, he was placed in control of the autopsies 
 that were made at the Montreal General Hospital. Up to that 
 time they were done by the physicians in charge of the 
 cases during life. The autopsies were done by students under 
 Dr. Osler’s direction, but he wrote the notes on the spot. 
 The first year’s report comprised 100 autopsies. These in- 
 cluded twelve cases of phthisis, but only two of them he re- 
 garded as worthy of note. One of these was a fibroid contrac- 
 tion and induration of the entire right lung. In the other, per- 
 foration of the lung had occurred with resulting pneumothorax. 
 There was a third, but only reported because of cancer of the 
 spine. His interest in fibrosis was doubtless due to his study 
 of the miner’s lung. During his later Montreal period he re- 
 ported other cases of fibroid disease of the lungs. The cause of 
 haemoptysis was to him one of the most interesting features in 
 phthisis. He reported two cases of rupture of the pulmonary 
 artery in his second pathological report. He searched carefully 
 then, and later in Philadelphia, for aneurisms of the pulmonary 
 artery on the walls of cavities, and obtained some fine spé@imens. 
 
 One of his earliest clinical lectures to appear in print was 
 on fibroid phthisis and in it we get his own reaction to the com- 
 plexities that phthisis then presented to students’. ‘There 
 is no disease,” he said, “that you will have greater difficulty 
 in thoroughly understanding than phthisis. .. . . It is, in fact, 
 at present the bugbear of medical students, particularly in their 
 last year. This is owing in great part to the inherent com- 
 plexity of the subject, and in part I am sorry to say, to the ex- 
 ceedingly diversive theories and views which at present pre- 
 vail upon the pathology of the disease.” Even the simplest 
 classification of phthisis, as he termed it, into pneumonic, tu- 
 berculous and fibroid varieties, seems very confusing to us to- 
 day. Before Koch’s discovery, Dr. Osler says in his text-book, 
 ‘we repeated the striking aphorism of Niemeyer, ‘the greatest 
 evil which can happen to a consumptive is that he should be- 
 come tuberculous’.”’ Dr. Palmer Howard never accepted the 
 heresy of Virchow and Niemeyer that in a simple pneumonia 
 the exudate might undergo caseation and phthisis result, but 
 apparently Dr. Osler’s opinion was too much influenced by his 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 66 OsLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 
 
 great master Virchow. Dr. Howard's views’ were confused 
 and he did not believe that “tubercle or consumption may be 
 produced in the human subject by the absorption of caseous or 
 other products of inflammation,” nor did he hold, as did Flint”, 
 in the “essentially tuberculous nature of pulmonary phthisis.” 
 Speaking in 1900, Dr. Osler said,” “Koch’s brilliant demon- 
 stration of the tubercle bacillus had a hard up hill fight to recog- 
 nition. The vested interests of many minds were naturally 
 against it, and it was only the watchers among us, men like 
 Austin Flint, who were awake when the dawn appeared.” On 
 another occasion in a lecture at the Phipps Institute, he said, 
 “many in this audience like myself had to see the truth grow 
 to acceptance with the generation in which it was announced. 5 
 Few were in advance of William Osler, however, in demonstrat- 
 ing the bacillus of tuberculosis after Koch published an account 
 of his epoch-making discovery. This was published in the 
 Berliner klinische Wochenschrift on April 10th, 1882, and the 
 following August at the meeting of the American Association 
 for the Advancement of Science held in Montreal Dr. Osler” 
 gave a demonstration of this micro-organism. Physicians and 
 even workers in pathology were slow in acquiring the technique 
 of staining tubercle bacilli. As late as April, 1885, Dr. Osler” 
 showed a slide of pus from the urine in a case of tuberculosis of 
 the kidney with the tubercle bacilli stained. This was at a 
 meeting of the Pathological Society of Philadelphia. Dr. Shep- 
 herd” is the authority for the statement that Osler was one of 
 the first to insist on the contagiousness of tuberculosis and the 
 possibility of transferring bovine tuberculosis to man. 
 
 There was one form of pulmonary tuberculosis that inter- 
 ested him keenly from the day he first saw the lungs of a case 
 in the autopsy room of the Montreal General Hospital. That 
 was acute pulmonic tuberculosis. The clinical note was brief. 
 The patient was ill about ten weeks, fever, cough, death from 
 haemoptysis. The description of the left lung, solid and heavy, 
 weighing 1,490 grams, the seat of a dry caseous pneumonia Is a 
 vivid word picture. In the second pathological report the pro- 
 tocol is given in full.°° A brief extract of this appears in the 
 first edition of the text-book. The appearance presented by 
 this lung, firm and airless except for a small margin at the lower 
 part, made a lasting impression upon him. Twenty-five years 
 
 
 

 
 OSLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 67 
 
 later in a paper presented before the Brooklyn Medical Society 
 he read again his autopsy note on this lung.** The comment 
 on the case when first published shows conclusively that Osler 
 was drawn astray by the false teaching of Niemeyer and ex- 
 plains why he included himself when years later he said, “as 
 Plato shrewdly remarks, we are not all awake when the dawn 
 appears.””° Writing in 1879, or thereabouts, of the case just 
 mentioned Dr. Osler says, “‘the whole appearance is what might 
 be supposed to proceed from an unresolved pneumonia, which 
 has gone on to caseation, and in the upper lobe to extensive 
 softening. The caseous areas which arise in connection with 
 tuberculous phthisis are never in my experience so extensive 
 and do not involve a whole lobe in such a uniform manner.’”” 
 Doubtless he and Dr. Howard had many discussions on this 
 vexing problem. It could not be settled by the naked eye or 
 microscopic study of the tissues, but required the bacteriological 
 methods of Koch to prove the unity of tuberculosis and phthisis. 
 Before Koch’s discovery Osler admitted that the difficulties in 
 the study of phthisis made it ‘the bugbear of the medical stu- 
 dent’’. Advance of knowledge enabled him to say, in 1904, 
 that ‘‘there is much to make pulmonary tuberculosis one of the 
 most interesting and satisfactory diseases for you to study.” 
 No type of tuberculosis ever interested him so much as acute 
 pulmonic phthisis. Although a rare condition, he had collected 
 twenty-three cases at the time he presented his last paper’ on 
 the subject in March, 1919. 
 
 Dr. Osler always emphasized the importance of examining 
 the sputum for elastic tissue in all cases of suspected disease of 
 the lung, but especially tuberculosis. Alas, that the men 
 brought up on his text-book pay, as a rule, so little attention 
 to his advice. The simple method he used and described in his 
 text-book was shown to him at the London Hospital, in 1872, by 
 Sir Andrew Clark. In pointing out the value of the microscope 
 in diagnosis in the prospectus of his first practical course on the 
 institutes of medicine, Dr. Osler said, “satisfactory evidence 
 can be obtained by it of the occurrence of softening in a lung, 
 by a careful examination of the sputa even before the physical 
 signs give any such indication. ’’™” | 
 
 In Philadelphia he made many autopsies at the Blockley 
 Hospital on cases of tuberculosis. When he began to write his 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 68 OSLER AND TuBERCULOSIS— PRATT 
 
 text-book he had the experience obtained from 1,000 autopsies 
 on all of which he had written the protocols. This included 
 275 cases with tuberculous lesions. He made many valuable 
 observations on tuberculosis of the meninges, the lymph nodes 
 and serous membranes, as every student of his text-book knows. 
 
 During his active years in the postmortem room he had a 
 series of anatomical tubercles or postmortem warts on his hands 
 —eight or ten during a period of fifteen years. These are due 
 to direct infection of the skin by the tubercle bacillus. Although 
 he states that general invasion of the system has apparently re- 
 sulted from them, he was evidently not apprehensive himself, 
 as he allowed one to develop without treatment. It gradu- 
 ally reached the size of a ten cent piece and then remained qui- 
 escent. It finally disappeared after a duration of seven months. 
 He makes two references to this personal experience in his writ- 
 ings.” 34 
 
 Dr. Osler’s clinical knowledge was based on the solid rock 
 of pathological anatomy. His works and career were founded, 
 as Dr. Welch pointed out, on the study of natural history. His 
 mind was that of a naturalist. He was interested in accurate 
 record of observable facts, not in hypotheses. He had the in- 
 stincts of a collector and developed them along the highest lines. 
 
 CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON CLASSIFICATION, 
 SyMPTOMATOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS 
 
 Not until Osler began his career at Johns Hopkins did his 
 published studies deal with the clinical aspects of tuberculosis. 
 His first paper, written in what might be termed his transition 
 period between the pathological and the clinical investigation of 
 tuberculosis, dealt with the diagnosis of tuberculous broncho- 
 pneumonia in children.°> He reported that he had made the 
 diagnosis on several occasions by the discovery of tubercle bacilli 
 in the bronchial secretion that children had vomited. Then for 
 the first time the clinical observations on the cases are given 
 with the same accuracy and fullness as the pathological in his 
 earlier work. 
 
 The first patient to be admitted to the medical wards of — 
 the newly opened Johns Hopkins Hospital (May 18th, 1889) 
 was a case of tuberculous peritonitis, and his first clinical mono- 
 
 
 

 
 OSLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 69 
 
 graph on tuberculosis dealt with the peritoneal form of the dis- 
 sease.”’ Only four cases had occurred at the hospital at the 
 time he made his report, but they were worked up and reported 
 in detail. In addition he collected 357 cases from the literature 
 and the study was enhanced by the knowledge gained from 
 seventeen postmortems, which increased his personal series to 
 twenty-one cases. Dr. Osler’s friends have often commented 
 on his extraordinarily retentive memory. This rare gift enabled 
 him to remember, as he states in this study, that Sir William 
 Jenner, in the Session of 1872-73 at the University College Hos- 
 pital, London, pointed out that pigmentation of the skin, simu- 
 lating that in Addison’s disease, was an occasional symptom of 
 tuberculous peritonitis. Osler showed for the first time that 
 peritoneal tuberculosis was often a latent affection and that 
 spontaneous healing took place more frequently than had been 
 supposed. He brought forward new evidence of the value of 
 laparotomy in the treatment, and collected twenty-six unre- 
 ported cases in which it had been performed. Probably the 
 most original and valuable feature of this work was the contri- 
 bution made to the diagnosis of abdominal tumors—using the 
 word tumor in the clinical sense. He classified the different 
 types of tumors due to tuberculous disease of the peritoneum 
 and emphasized their frequency. 
 
 Tuberculosis of the serous membranes interested him es- 
 pecially at this time. He was one of the first in America to re- 
 cognize the tuberculous origin of pleurisy with effusion.*® In 
 1893, he published clinical studies on tuberculous pericarditis®” 
 and pleurisy*®. Both were based largely on statistical data 
 obtained from his own clinical and pathological experience, and 
 presented with detailed notes. This series of three papars 
 shows the influence of Louis was as great on Osler as on the 
 American physicians of an earlier period who had been the pu- 
 pils of the founder of the numerical system. The same year, 
 1893, a month before he gave the Shattuck lecture on tubercu- 
 lous pleurisy in Boston, he prepared a paper for the meeting of 
 the American Paediatric Association on tuberculosis in chil- 
 dren*!. In this he expressed surprise at the few observations 
 made on the frequency of tuberculosis among the inmates of 
 hospitals and asylums for children in this country. Aroused by 
 the startling prevalence of the disease among little children, he 
 
 
 
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 70 OsLeR AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 
 
 insisted that a paid pathologist ought to be attached to every 
 one of these institutions and report yearly on the prevalence of 
 the disease. If continued for four or five years this investiga- 
 tion “would not only throw important light on the prevalence 
 of this scourge, but would also give indications of the best means 
 for its prevention.”’ This was the first public health measure 
 he advocated in connection with tuberculosis. The wisdom of 
 his advice was less apparent then than now, when tuberculous 
 infection in childhood is regarded as the common cause of mani- 
 fest disease in later life. 
 
 During his first five years at Hopkins most of his clinical 
 writings on tuberculosis appeared. In addition to those already 
 mentioned was a valuable paper on toxzmia in tuberculosis. 
 He discovered that relatively small foci of disease in the lymph 
 nodes and elsewhere might produce symptoms of profound in- 
 toxication’?. He wrote during this period a monograph on 
 tuberculosis in children*?, and contributed the article on tuber- — 
 culosis to the Loomis-Thompson System of Medicine**. This 
 contained an analysis of 427 successive cases of phthisis studied 
 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. ’ 
 
 In 1903 he called attention to the similarity of the clinical 
 picture, in certain cases of tuberculosis, to typhoid fever, and re- 
 ported three cases*’. One of these patients was a senior student 
 in the school. The family had criticised Dr. Thayer severely 
 for not making a correct diagnosis at the onset. Dr. Osler took 
 this occasion to state that he himself thought the case typhoid 
 fever, when he left the city in June, and that Dr. Thayer had 
 written on the record—continued fever (pneumonia or tubercu- 
 losis). In truth the diagnosis was impossible at the time. 
 
 The fine points of percussion and auscultation of the lungs 
 did not interest him. In his Oxford days Sir William would say 
 to his students, “I am afraid I have not a musical ear. ea 
 remember in Baltimore his delight in telling of the acumen of 
 the physician who wrote, ‘‘I am sending you a patient who has 
 a cavity at the top of the right lung the size of a walnut without 
 the shell.’? Only one communication dealt with the physical 
 diagnosis of phthisis. That was a short note on the presence 
 of the coin sound over a large tuberculous cavity in the right 
 upper lobe*®. 
 
 
 

 
 OSLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 7a 
 
 VIEWS AND TEACHING ON TREATMENT 
 
 Dr. Osler’s teaching regarding treatment reflected the cur- 
 rent views and developed with the growth of knowledge. In 
 his first published clinical lecture’’ on tuberculosis (1881) the 
 patient shown had active advanced disease. “Nothing special 
 need be said with reference to treatment,’ he told his students. 
 “Tt is entirely a treatment of symptoms.”’ The triumphant ad- 
 vance of medicine caused a revulsion of “feeling from an atti- 
 tude of oriental fatalism.” It was Edward L. Trudeau ap- 
 parently who convinced Osler of the value of fresh air and sun- 
 shine in the healing of tuberculosis. Osler first met Trudeau 
 in Baltimore at a meeting of the Climatological Association in 
 May, 1887, and heard him report his important experimental 
 work on inoculated rabbits. Those confined in a damp dark 
 place soon died, while those allowed to run wild, recovered or 
 showed slight lesions. This work Dr. Osler described in the first 
 edition of his text-book, and added that it is the same with hu- 
 man tuberculosis. He stressed the importance of fresh air, sun- 
 light, and the maintenance of a maximum degree of nutrition. 
 The rule was laid down that the patient should be kept out of 
 doors for the greater part of the day. The Adirondacks were 
 recommended for early cases. ‘As the reports of Saranac 
 show,” he added, ‘‘recent tuberculosis does remarkably well. 
 Personally, I have seen better results from the Adirondacks than 
 from any other place.”’ 
 
 At the time (1891) this section on treatment was written 
 Dr. Osler was taking a position in advance of most of his con- 
 temporaries. That same year I was a freshman at Yale and my 
 room-mate developed symptoms of early pulmonary tubercu- 
 losis with fever. Professor Brush, Dean of the Sheffield Scien- 
 tific School, desirous that everything possible should be done for 
 the poor lad, had the leading physician of New Haven called in 
 consultation. This distinguished professor never mentioned the 
 importance of fresh air, or food, or the danger of infection. He 
 did not suggest Dr. Trudeau’s sanatorium, which was only a 
 day’s journey distant, or even the advantage of a change of 
 climate. On one thing and one only was he insistent and that 
 was the necessity of administering pure beechwood creosote! 
 One should not judge this physician too severely. He showed, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 72 ‘OsLER AND TyBERCULOSIS—PRATT 
 
 as a matter of fact, by his suggestion that he was up to date in 
 therapeutics and read the leading medical journal. Only two 
 years before Dr. Beverly Robinson, 4 distinguished physician 
 and clinical teacher of New York, had urged in a paper read 
 before the Association of American physicians and published in 
 the American Journal of the M edical Sciences, the great value 
 of creosote in the treatment of consumption provided pure beech- 
 wood creosote only was employed. In this and in an earlier pa- 
 per entitled, “ Modern methods of treatment of pulmonary 
 phthisis” (1885), no reference was made by Dr. Robinson to 
 the out of door or climatic treatment. In a clinical lecture 
 delivered at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College in October, 
 1885, six months after Dr. Osler had demonstrated the presence 
 of tubercle bacilli in the urine in a case of tuberculous kidney at 
 the Pathological Society of Philadelphia, and three years after 
 he had shown the bacilli at Montreal, Dr. Robinson (New York 
 Medical Journal, 1885, 42, 536) speaks thus to his students: 
 “Only a few months ago the chorus of the supporters of Koch 
 was somewhat after this fashion—‘What is consumption? The 
 bacillus. What is the bacillus? Consumption. But what 
 causes consumption? Why, the bacillus. But what causes 
 the bacillus? | Consumption’. And now I ask, in the words 
 of Professor Loomis, whether they (these microbes) are the cause 
 or the scavengers of the disease? ”’ | 
 
 I mention these facts not in any attempt to cast discredit 
 on good men and good physicians, like Dr. Robinson and Dr. 
 Loomis,* but to show what Dr. Osler and others had to contend 
 against. His own experience taught him the truth of Locke’s 
 statement, ‘The truth scarce ever yet carried it by vote any- 
 where at its first appearance.” 
 
 In the third edition (1898) of the text-book he wrote a new 
 section on the open-air treatment and gave credit to Brehmer 
 for the successful inauguration of the sanatorium treatment and 
 praised highly the work of Trudeau. In his discussion of Pro- 
 fessor Clifford Allbutt’s paper on tuberculosis at the Portsmouth 
 meeting of the British Medical Association in August, 1899, he 
 urged the hygienic-dietetic treatment for the ninety per cent. 
 who could not leave their homes and advised for the first time 
 
 * We should never forget that it was Dr. Alfred L. Loomis who made 
 Dr. Trudeau’s early work in the Adirondacks possible. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 OSLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 73 
 
 rest ‘“‘so long as fever was present. 40 Many others spoke, but 
 only two besides Osler mentioned rest. 
 
 In 1901, in the fourth edition the importance of rest for the 
 febrile case was emphasized in this book. Even then he would 
 allow patients with a temperature of 100.5° to be up and about. 
 In earlier editions he had said it was well for patients with a 
 temperature above 101° or 102° to be at rest. 
 
 His first paper on treatment was delivered at the meeting 
 of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland at West- 
 minster, November, 1899. It was on this occasion that sleeping 
 out of doors was first advocated. Conclusive evidence of its value 
 was presented by Dr. C. S. Millet, of Brockton, Mass. The topic 
 Dr. Osler selected was home treatment. Two cases seen the 
 previous spring impressed upon him forcibly the familiar fact 
 “that our theoretical knowledge of this disease has, as is so often 
 the case, not reached a practical working basis.’”’ The shock- 
 ing conditions he had witnessed were described. In a small 
 house in South Baltimore he saw a lad, one of five children, who 
 had been ill with tuberculosis for months. The room was stuffy 
 and hot, both windows shut. Some expectoration was visible 
 on the floor. ‘He had high fever, loss of appetite and was being 
 fed on panopeptone and beef extracts. The room had a good 
 exposure and I suggested to the young man to have the bed 
 moved to the window, to be well covered up, and to rest in the 
 sunshine during part of every day. The reply was that it would 
 kill him and I could see by the mother’s looks that she was of 
 the same opinion. The doctor, too, I am afraid, regarded me 
 as a fanatic.”’ 
 
 In this address he gave a detailed account of the progress 
 of a case of active febrile tuberculosis in which the treatment 
 he outlined had been faithfully followed for months. “ Last 
 spring,’ he continued, “I happened to be in the town in which 
 this girl lived and I fortunately thought of her and paid her a 
 visit. She lived in a small two-story house, with a narrow bal- 
 cony on the first floor behind, and here at half past eleven one 
 morning I found her carefully wrapped up.”’ He saw her again 
 in his consulting room, December 1st, 1899, shortly after the West- 
 minster meeting. ‘‘Luckily,” he says, ‘‘I dictated a note on the 
 condition of the lung at the time of her first visit, (November, 1898) 
 otherwise I should not have believed the extent of the change.”’ 
 
 8 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 74 OsLER AND TuBERCULOSIS—PRATT 
 
 Four years later in his lecture’’ at the Phipps Institute he 
 referred again to this young woman. “The remarkable case I 
 reported in 1900 gave me great encouragement as the complete 
 arrest of the disease was accomplished under the most primitive 
 surroundings by the persistence and devotion of the patient her- 
 self, who richly deserves the good health she enjoys to-day.”” 
 
 In the 1909 edition of the text-book he stated that the suc- 
 cess of my tuberculosis classes showed ‘how much may be done 
 by care and instruction As not five per cent. of the pa- 
 tients can be dealt with in s 
 fying to see how successful the home treatment may be. Even 
 in cities the patients may be trained to sleep out of doors and 
 the results obtained by Pratt, Millet and others are as good as 
 any that have been published. ”’ 
 
 In the last edition which he lived to see in print (1912) he 
 endorsed the ‘‘judicious rest, proper exercise’’ treatment em- 
 ployed at the King Edward Sanatorium at Midhurst, and the 
 plan of graduated work developed by Paterson at Frimley. 
 
 I was unable to convince him of the value of prolonged 
 bed rest in the treatment of afebrile active disease. In January, 
 1917, I sent him a copy of a paper on results obtained by the 
 class method of home treatment.*” The large percentage of pa- 
 tients who remained well for years after returning to work I 
 attributed to the use of prolonged rest. “That is a fine re- 
 cord,” he wrote under date of January 28th, 1917. “The pa- 
 pers came this morning and I have read them with the keenest 
 interest. I am afraid one element you have not laid proper 
 stress upon—your own personality. Confidence and faith count 
 for so much with these cases. The personal supervision and care 
 is all important and not taking too many cases. I will speak 
 of your results at the annual meeting of our County Associa- 
 tion next week.’”? I now regard the evidence then presented of 
 the truth of my claim as not convincing and hence his criticism 
 was justified. Later I showed that prolonged bed rest yielded 
 far better end results than the system of graduated work em- 
 ployed by Paterson, or the rest-exercise system carried out at 
 Midhurst by Bardwell. As Sir William knew the strong per- 
 sonality of both Paterson and Bardwell I am confident he would 
 have changed his explanation of my results. Out of 100 patients, 
 whose sputum had been positive on admission, discharged from 
 
 
 

 
 OSLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 75 
 
 Frimley (graduated work) with wage earning power restored, 
 at the end of seven years, only twenty-two were able to work, 
 and thirty-nine per cent. of the Midhurst cases (rest and exer- 
 cise), while seventy-six per cent. of my patients (prolonged bed 
 rest) were well and working. The difference in results seems 
 too great to be accounted for by any possible difference in the 
 personality of the physicians who supervised the treatment, 
 and with this I think Sir William would agree. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL AND PuBLIC HEALTH ACTIVITIES 
 
 As early as 1894 Dr. Osler °° read at a special meeting 
 of the College of Physicians in Philadelphia a plea for the reg- 
 istration of pulmonary tuberculosis. He showed patience and 
 perseverance in the attainment of this measure in his own state. 
 Maryland moved slowly at that time in improving the wretched 
 sanitary conditions then existent. Finally in April, 1901, on 
 the invitation of Dr. Osler, Dr. L. F. Flick, of Philadelphia, 
 went to Baltimore and delivered an address on the compulsory 
 notification of tuberculosis. Philadelphia and New York had 
 already made this requirement and Dr. Osler urged that Mary- 
 land do likewise. Less than a year later at a public meeting in 
 McCoy Hall he thrilled his hearers, whom he addressed as “long 
 suffering, patient, inert fellow citizens,’’ by his forceful and cour- 
 ageous speech. As a result of this address and others made on 
 the same oceasion the State legislature of 1902 took action by 
 creating a Tuberculosis Commission. ‘All that is progressive 
 or worthwhile in the tuberculosis crusade in Maryland followed 
 thereafter’ (Jacobs).® 
 
 In 1898, a special fund was secured for research on tuber- 
 culosis by Dr. Osler, which enabled Dr. Parfitt to devote his 
 time to this work. “He saw,” writes Dr. Parfitt,” ‘a great 
 opportunity in a field in which in North America, there were as 
 yet few workers. The plotting of lung blocks by Biggs in New 
 York City had suggested the segregation and more intensive 
 study of dispensary cases.’’ All the consumptives that came to 
 the dispensary were assigned to Dr. Parfitt. Home visitation 
 was begun. The social service work was continued after Dr. 
 Parfitt left by three medical students—Miss Epler, Miss Dutcher 
 and Miss Blauvelt—in succession. ‘‘The tuberculosis clinic is 
 a very different department now from the modest dispensary 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 76 OsLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 
 
 arrangements of a physician without a room to work in and with 
 
 no other equipment but his stethoscope. But this is the fruit’ 
 that has grown from that tiny seed of interest and enthusiasm 
 
 planted by Dr. Osler many years ago” (Hamman). 
 
 The first meeting of the special society for the study of 
 tuberculosis, founded by Dr. Osler, was held in the Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital, October 30th, 1900. This society—the Laennec— 
 was the first of its kind in the country, possibly in the world. 
 The introductory address” by Dr. Osler considered (1) the gen- 
 eral relation of tuberculosis, (2) some special features of the dis- 
 ease as a subject of study, and (3) the physician as a student of 
 tuberculosis. At the same meeting the investigation of condi- 
 tions in the homes of one hundred and ninety consumptive out- 
 patients was reported by Miss Dutcher™. It revealed a disregard 
 of cleanliness and elementary hygiene that made massive infec- 
 tion of the healthy members of a family seem inevitable. 
 
 During his last year in Baltimore he took an active part in 
 planning the organization of the National Association for the 
 Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis. He was regularly pre- 
 sent at the meetings of the committee and was influential in 
 securing the election of Dr. Trudeau as the first president.” Just 
 before sailing for England, Dr. Osler delivered an address” at 
 the first annual meeting. On that occasion he urged a campaign 
 of education for the public, the medical profession, and the 
 patient. Every general hospital, he said, should admit some 
 tuberculous cases to educate the doctors, students and nurses in 
 the proper treatment. “The public is awake,’’ he said, ‘‘sitting 
 on the edge of the bed, not yet dressed, but still it is an improve- 
 ment even to get the public awake. fa 
 
 In England Dr. Osler actively supported the work of the 
 local and national organizations in the tuberculosis crusade. 
 He made many addresses, but only two of these have I found 
 in print. In 1907 he gave a lecture’ preliminary to the opening 
 of the Tuberculosis Exhibition at Dublin that was termed by 
 the Lord Lieutenant a “trumpet call—a call calculated not only 
 to awaken, to stimulate and inspire, but also to lead and direct.” 
 During the war he took up the problems of the tuberculous 
 soldier at the 1916 meeting of the National Association.’ He 
 lamented the lack of a general staff in England which should 
 wage the next thirty years’ war against consumption. 
 
 
 

 
 OSLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT tt 
 
 MEN AND Books 
 
 No account of Dr. Osler’s work on tuberculosis would be 
 
 complete without some reference to the inspiration and help he 
 
 gave to those of his friends who were engaged in warfare against 
 this dreaded foe of the race. Readers of his Autobiography 
 know what this encouragement and aid meant to Dr. Trudeau. 
 The beautiful tribute to Trudeau written by Osler” should not 
 be allowed to remain in its ephemeral form—the pages of a 
 monthly magazine. Dr. Osler’s crisp epigrammatic notes of 
 encouragement brought joy and gladness to the hearts of tuber- 
 culosis workers everywhere. No one can estimate, not even the 
 men themselves, the importance of Osler’s influence on the de- 
 velopment of Lawrason Brown, Charles D. Parfitt, Louis Hamman 
 and others. 
 
 Dr. Osler honoured and admired the great physicians of 
 the past who had made possible the modern knowledge of tuber- 
 culosis and loved to linger over their writings. He published 
 an historical sketch of that English worthy, Richard Morton,” 
 who was one of the first to give a good account of the symptoms 
 of consumption and to appreciate fully the contagious nature of 
 tuberculosis. Osler’s students were repeatedly advised to read 
 Laennec, and I have heard him refer to Louis’s Phthisis as still 
 the best work on the clinical aspects of the disease. Among the 
 treasures he collected was a manuscript of Laennec.*’ It was 
 “the obituary notice (written May 12th., 1816) of one of the 
 most lovable of men—Gaspard Laurent Bayle.’’ The first ac- 
 curate description of the tubercle was made by Bayle and “his 
 monograph (1810) is still one of the landmarks of our knowledge 
 of the disease.” Upon acquiring an original copy of George 
 Bodington’s essay”, for which he had long been looking, he 
 wrote a sketch of that pioneer of the open air treatment. How 
 it came into his possession is interesting. It seems that Sir 
 William met in consultation one day in Winchester, Dr. Arthur 
 E. Bodington and “immediately asked what relation he was 
 to the well known physician of the same name. He replied, 
 ‘His grandson’. Then I said, ‘Well perhaps you are the man 
 who can give me a copy-of his essay’ and to my delight he said 
 he had one to spare.”’ : 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 OsLER AND TuBERCULOSIS—PRATT 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A Last WoRrD 
 
 It is fitting that an account of Sir William Osler’s relation 
 to tuberculosis should close with what he termed a “last word” 
 on the subject of tuberculosis to the general practitioner. “The 
 leadership of the battle against the scourge is in your hands. Much 
 has been done, much remains to do. By early diagnosis and 
 prompt, systematic treatment of individual cases, by striving in every 
 possible way to improve the social condition of the poor, by joining 
 actively in the work of the local and national antituberculosis socie- 
 ties you can help in the most important and the most hopeful cam- 
 paign ever undertaken by the profession. hie 
 
 
 
 
 
 (1) Hamman—Osler and the tuberculosis work of the hospital. Sir Wil- 
 
 liam Osler, Bart. Johns H opkins Press, Baltimore, 1920, p. 65. 
 
 (2) Oster—Healing of Tuberculosis, Climatologist, 1892, ii, 149. 
 
 (3) Matitoca—Ssir William Osler at Oxford, Can. Med. Assoc. Journ. 
 Sir William Osler Memorial Number. July, 1920, p. 60. 
 
 (4) Tuaver—Osler, the Teacher. Sir William Osler, Bart., The Johns 
 Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1920, p. 51. ; 
 
 (5) MacCarttum—“A Student’s Impression of Osler”. | Memorial 
 Number, Can. Med. Assoc. Journ., July, 1920. 
 
 (6) OsteR—A Way of Life, New York, 1913, p. 18. 
 
 (7) Preface to the Ninth Edition of Osler’s Principles and Practice of 
 Medicine, 1920. 
 
 (8) Jacops—Osler as a citizen and his relation to the tuberculosis cru- 
 sade in Maryland. Sir William Osler, Bart. Baltimore, 1920, p. 81. 
 
 (9) Matiocn—Loc. cit., p. 56. 
 
 (10) OsteR—Acute pneumonic tuberculosis (Abstr.), Lancet, 1919, i, 615. 
 
 (11) Apnotrr—Pathological Collections of Osler. This volume, p. 188. 
 
 (12) Assort—McGill’s Heroic Past. McGill University Publications, 
 Series VI, Montreal, 1921, p. 27, also this volume, Re 190. 
 
 (13) Annorr—Classified bibliography of Sir William sler’s Canadian 
 Period. Memorial Number, Can. Med. Assoc. Journ., July, 1920, 
 104, and this volume. 
 
 (14) Canada Medical Journal, 1872, viii, 107. 
 
 (15) Oster—The master word in Medicine. Aquanimitas. Second 
 Edition, Philadelphia, 1906, p. 369. 
 
 (16) OsteR—Obituary—R. P. Howard, M.D. Med. News, Phila., 1889, 
 liv, 419, also Editorial, Ibid, p. 383. 
 
 (17) Oster—Berlin Correspondence. Canada M. and S. J., 1874, ii, 314. 
 
 (18) bo alle eras Correspondence. Canada M. and S. J,, 1874, ii, 
 
 
 
 
 
 (19) OsteR—Remarks on i apogee Boston M. and S. J., 1892, lx, 542. 
 
 (20) OstpR—On the pathology of miner’s lung.* Canada M. and CR eS 
 1876, iv, 145. 
 
 (21) Dawson—Canada M. and S. Journ., 1879, vil, 452. 
 
 (22) OsteR—Clinical lecture on a case of phthisis. Canada M. and S. 
 J., 1880-81, ix, 741. 
 
 (23) Howarp, R. P.—Canada M. and S. J., 1874, ii, 207. 
 
 (24) Frust—Treatise on the Principles and Practice of M edicine, Phila- 
 delphia. Fifth Edition, 1881, p. 194. 
 
 (25) Oster—An Address on the Importance of Post-Graduate Study, 
 Lancet, London, 1900, ii, 73. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 OSLER AND TUBERCULOSIS—PRATT 79 
 
 (26) OsteR—The home in its relation to the tuberculosis problem. 
 First Annual Report Henry Phipps Institute. Phila., 1905, 141. 
 (27) Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of 
 Science. Thirty-first meeting held at Montreal, August, 1882. Salem, 
 1883, 528. 
 
 (28) OsteR—Tubercle bacilli in the urine. Trans. Path. Soc., Phila., 
 1885-87, xii, 215. 
 
 (29) SaepHerp—New York Academy of Medicine. Special meeting in 
 memory of Sir William Osler. N.Y. Med. J., 1920, iii, 921. 
 
 (30) Reports clinical and pathological by the medical staff of the Montreal 
 General Hospital, Montreal, 1880, i, 295. 
 
 , (31) OstER—Acute tuberculous pneumonia. Brooklyn Med. J., 1905, 
 
 xix, 57. 
 
 (32) OstuR—lIntroductory remarks to the Practical Course on the In- 
 stitutes of Medicine. Canada M. and S. J., 1876, iv, 204. 
 
 (33) OsteR—Clinical Memoranda. Montreal M. J., 1888-89, xvii, 418. 
 
 (34) OsteR—Loomis-Thompson System of Practical Medicine, New York 
 and Philadelphia, 1897, 1, 731. 
 
 (35) Wetcu—New York Academy of Medicine. Special meeting in 
 memory of Sir William Osler. N.Y. Med. J., 1920, ui, 923. 
 
 (36) Oster—Diagnosis of tuberculous bronchopneumonia in children. 
 Archives of Paediatrics, 1891, vill, 825. 
 
 (37) Oster—Tubercular peritonitis. J. Hopk. Hosp. Repts., Balt., 1890, 
 x1, 67. | 
 
 (38) OsteR—Report of four cases of tuberculous pleurisy with autopsy. 
 Trans. Path. Soc. Phila., 1887-89, xiv, 160. 
 
 (39) Oster—Tuberculous pericarditis. Am. J. M. Sc., 1893, n.s. 
 xv, 20-37. 
 
 (40) OsteR—Tuberculous pleurisy. Tr. Mass. M. Sc., 1893, xvi, 47-112. 
 
 (41) meee on tuberculosis in children. Arch. Paed. 1893, x, 
 979. 
 
 (42) OsLeR—Toxeemia in tuberculosis. Practitioner Lond., 1894, lu, 26. 
 
 (43) Osten—Amer. Tezt-book Diseases of Children, ed. Starr, Phila., 1894. 
 
 (44) OsteR—Loomis-Thompson System of Medicine, 1897, i, 731. 
 
 (45) Oster—Typhoid fever and tuberculosis. Am. M., 1903, vi, 1015. 
 
 (46) Oster—Is the coin-sound distinctive of pneumothorax? Montreal 
 Med. J., 1895, xxiv, 969. 
 
 (47) Oster—Discussion of Professor Clifford Allbutt’s paper. British 
 Medical Journal, 1899, ii, 1155. 
 
 (48) Oster—Home treatment of consumption. Maryland Medical 
 Journal, 1900, xli, 8. 
 
 (49) Prarr—Results obtained by the class method of home treatment 
 in pulmonary tuberculosis during a period of ten years. Transactions 
 of the twelfth annual meeting of the N ational Association for the Study 
 and Prevention of Tuberculosis, 1916, xii, 128. 
 
 (50) Ostpr—The registration of pulmonary tuberculosis. Phila- 
 delphia Polyclinic, 1894, 11, 65. 
 
 (51) Parrirr—Osler as an incentive. Canadian Practitioner, June, 
 1922, xlvii, 244-247; also this volume, p. 328. 
 
 (52) OsteR—On the study of tuberculosis. Phila. Med. J. 1900, vi, 1029. 
 
 (53) Durcaer—Where the danger lies in tuberculosis. Philadelphia 
 Medical Journal.1900, vi, 1030 
 
 (54) Truppau—An Autobiography. New York, 1916, 210. 
 
 (55) Ostpr—Address of the Vice-President, National Association for 
 the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis. Transactions of the first 
 annual meeting, Washington, D.C., 1906, i, 20 
 
 (56) Oster—What the public can do in the fight against tuberculosis. 
 Ireland’s Crusade against Tuberculosis, Vol. I, Dublin, 1908, 17. 
 
 (57) Oster—An address on the tuberculous soldier. Lancet, 1916, ti, 220. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
80 OsLER AND MEDICAL History OF THE WaR—ADAMI 
 
 (58) Ostpr—Edward L. Trudeau—an appreciation. J ournal of the 
 
 Outdoor Life, 1910, vii, 162. ; 
 (59) inl “Phthisologia” of Richard Morton, M.D. Medical 
 
 Library and Historical Journal, 1904, ii, 1. : 
 (60) Osien—Letters of Laennec. Can. Med. Assoc. Journ., 1912, ui, 247. 
 (61) OsteR—George Bodington. Can. Med. Assoc. Journ., 1912, ii, 526. 
 (62) Oster—The principles and practice of medicine. Seventh edition, 
 
 New York, 1909, and subsequent editions. 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER’S PART IN THE MEDICAL HISTORY 
 OF THE WAR AND THE ORGANIZATION OF THE 
 BRITISH MEDICAL WAR MUSEUM 
 
 J. Georcr Apamt, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.S. 
 Vice-Chancellor of the University of Liverpool 
 
 NVITED to contribute to this memorial number, I found myself 
 inadilemma. Away from Montreal, its collections and records, 
 the one apposite subject regarding which I felt I could write with 
 some authority was the part Sir William Osler played in the de- 
 - velopment of the British Medical War Museum, yet, as the se- 
 quence shows, I could not do this without referring to myself also, 
 which I, naturally, did not wish to do. Itis, therefore, only as the 
 result of a reiterated appeal from the Editor that these lines are 
 written. If I have to mention my own part in the matter, my 
 main object is to demonstrate that Osler was the essential agent, 
 the impelling force, in securing the official Medical History of the — 
 War and its corollary, the organization of a War Medical Museum. 
 All who were intimate with Sir William will remember his © 
 high appreciation of those many and heavy tomes which constitute 
 the Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, 
 and, closely associated with these, the Surgeon-General’s Museum 
 and Library at Washington. To him, indeed, | owed my own 
 
 
 
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 optil if 
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 OsLEeR’s Part 1N THE MeEpicaL History, Erc—Apami_ 81 
 
 introduction to the great Washington collections. It was not 
 unnatural, therefore, that with this experience of what had been 
 accomplished in the United States in connection with its war 
 records of the ’sixties, and of Sir William’s particular interest in 
 the matter, I wrote to him from Canada expressing a hope that 
 he would take action, so that England should no longer be behind 
 the other leading nations; we ought to start preparation betimes; 
 obtain proper statistics and case histories and, like Washington, 
 have a worthy War Museum. I kept no copy of this letter. In 
 my original manuscript (written for this Memorial Bulletin in 
 February 1921) I wrote—“some day, possibly, it may come to 
 light in the War office files.’ And it has. In the preface to the 
 first volume of the “Medical Services; General History” of the 
 Official ‘History of the Great War” published at the end of 1921 
 Major-General Sir W. G. Macpherson gives an abstract of the 
 letter, and its date, 25 September (p. viii). 
 
 Osler’s reply, dated 9 October, 1914, reads: 
 
 “That is a very interesting suggestion. As far as I can see from the 
 work at the Base Hospital here, the histories and reports of cases of wounded, 
 of which we have had about 600 already, and the reports on the operations, 
 are very good. The difficulty is that they are all filed away, and nobody 
 has the time subsequently to work up the material as a whole. I will send 
 on your letter to Keogh, the new Surgeon-General. A letter to the ‘Lancet’ 
 on the lines you bave written would be very helpful. 
 
 The country is in great form, everybody working, and recruits coming in 
 splendidly. I have been going about in some of the camps talking to the 
 — on the general subject of health, and particularly about typhoid innocu- 
 ation.” 
 
 The next mail brought another letter, dated 12 October: 
 
 “Here is a part of a letter from Keogh, who is evidently very favorable 
 to your suggestion. I will get him to send on your letter to Bradford, Her- 
 ringham and Wright.” 
 
 In accordance with his suggestion I wrote to the “‘Lancet.’’ 
 I see that my letter of 20 October appeared in the number of 
 7 November, 1914. In that letter I called attention to the fact 
 that we possess no complete medical history of any of the numerous 
 wars in which the British Army has been engaged during the last 
 century; that in this War the Royal Army Medical Corps would 
 be a foremost factor, our success depending upon the reduction 
 of preventable disease to a minimum and upon the preservation 
 of the greatest possible number of the men of our not too large 
 Army in a state of health; that such a history must be (1) official 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 82  OsiErR’s PART 1N THE MepicaL History, Erc.—ADAMI 
 
 and (2) based upon precise data; that the number of voluntary 
 
 agencies engaged in territorial and other hospitals, unfamiliar 
 
 with precise official methods made for imperfection in the records; 
 that the supervision of such work could well be undertaken by 
 medical men of standing (not mere clerks) who being over age would 
 gladly be of service along these lines. 
 
 My impression was thus that to Sir William’s keenness and 
 energy and influence we owe the Medical History of the British 
 forces in the Great War, and its concomitant, the formation of 
 the most valuable war museum, how housed, as regards its patho- 
 logical section, in the Royal College of Surgeons in Lincoln’s 
 Inn Fields, as regards hospital and other material in the Imperial 
 War Museum at the Crystal Palace; he it was who, through his 
 influence, set the ball rolling. 
 
 My endeavours to confirm this impression afford an inter- 
 esting example of the difficulties in the way of obtaining precise 
 historical data in war time. The natural presumption would be 
 that I had only to apply to those most nearly concerned to obtain 
 confirmation or otherwise—to Sir Alfred Keogh, for example, 
 and Sir Walter Fletcher, Secretary of the Medical Research Com- 
 mittee, who became largely responsible for organizing the col- — 
 lection of material both for the History and the Museum. 
 
 But think of the organizing and administrative strain of those 
 early months of the War! Men like Sir Alfred and Sir Walter 
 were at their posts for from fourteen to sixteen hours a day. 
 They had no time to keep diaries: the need for immediate action 
 was such that they learnt very soon that to depend upon official 
 correspondence meant to waste a fortnight or more before coming 
 to a decision, whereas half an hour’s conversation between prin- 
 cipals would enable them safely and promptly to determine points 
 of policy of the first importance. The records subsequently 
 demonstrate that an important decision had been reached, but 
 there may be nothing to show precisely when it was reached, or 
 who was the prime mover in originating the change or the new 
 policy. 
 
 In this particular instance the matter was complicated by the 
 fact that with the beginning of the War the Medical Research 
 Committee offered its services to the Government. It was indeed 
 a happy accident that funds and an organization were there at this 
 particular juncture for the study of War Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 
 
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 OstErR’s Part In THE MepicaL History, Erc.—ApamMi 83 
 
 The help afforded and the work accomplished by the Committee 
 has been beyond praise. 
 
 Even in England few realize the manifold activities of that 
 Committee; in America owing to the parsimonious policy of 
 British Government Departments in the distribution of their 
 publications, the great work accomplished by it is still less known. 
 To make matters clear it is necessary that I briefly refer to its 
 origin and functions. 
 
 The Medical Research Fund established by Mr. Lloyd George 
 under Section 16 of the National Insurance Act of 1911, consisted 
 of an annual sum calculated at the rate of one penny in respect 
 of each insured person in the United Kingdom. For the year 
 1914 the sum thus available amounted to about £55,000. The 
 distribution of this sum was in the hand of a larger “ Advisory 
 Council”? of 42 members and a smaller executive “Medical Re- 
 search Committee’? of 9 members. It was determined in 1913 
 that while part of the funds at their disposal should be devoted 
 to work centralized in laboratories under their control and carried 
 out by a staff to be directly appointed by the Committee, the 
 other and larger part should be allocated to the support of workers 
 and their investigations in University and other laboratories and 
 institutes throughout the Kingdom not directly under their control. 
 These general principles had been approved in December, 1913. 
 The Committee purchased the Mount Vernon Hospital on Hamp- 
 stead Hill for the purpose of a Central Institute and so had al- 
 located a considerable part of its income for the next few years. 
 This building was well-known to the Canadian authorities in 
 England, as, in November 1914, it was ceded to the War Office 
 and given over to No. 1 Canadian Stationary Hospital, and for 
 weeks, until ordered to France, that unit was busied converting 
 it to military purposes. Later, it was once again well-known when 
 it became the Hampstead Heart Hospital with Sir William Osler, 
 Sir Clifford Allbutt, Sir James Mackenzie and Dr. (now Sir) T. 
 Lewis as its consultants, and Major Meakins C.A.M.C. and 
 Captain Cotton C.A.M.C. as members of its staff. But with this 
 scheme for a Central Research Institute the Committee had 
 already constituted four departments and had selected and ap- 
 pointed staffs for the same, namely, Bacteriology under Sir Alm- 
 roth Wright; Bio-chemistry and Pharmacology under:Dr. H. Dale, 
 F.R.S.; Applied Physiology, under Sir Leonard Hill, F.R.S. and 
 
 
 
84 OstER’s PART IN THE MepicaL HIsTORY, Erc.—ADAMI 
 
 Statistics under Dr. John Brownlee. ‘These appointments, along 
 with that of the Secretary, were made just before the onset of the 
 War, in July, 1914. I mention this to show that the collection 
 of medical statistics was regarded from the first as an important 
 function of the Research Committee. 
 
 And with the beginning of the War the Committee offered 
 its services to the Government. ‘The changed circumstances” 
 (I quote from the 1st Annual Report of the Medical Research 
 Committee) ‘and the sudden call for medical and pathological 
 assistance in military directions interfered greatly with the plans 
 of the Committee, but their revised schemes were submitted to the 
 Minister on the 31st October 1914, together with an explanation 
 of certain preliminary lines of policy which the Committee proposed 
 to follow in making grants ‘n aid of Research.” ‘The list. of 
 schemes then submitted also contained proposals for special work 
 to be undertaken by the Committee in direct connection with the 
 War and for the assistance of the Army Medical Department. The 
 schemes submitted to the Minister on 31st October are given in 
 detail in the British Medical Journal of the 5th of December, 1914. 
 It deserves note that they ‘ncluded a proposal approved by the 
 Army Council, that the Statistical staff of the Research Committee 
 should undertake the whole of the work dealing with the medical 
 statistics of the War. It is true that nothing is said regarding 
 the Medical War Museum. But might not the one be included in 
 the other? Any History of the War must be based upon records, 
 and whoever collected statistics must collect records. 
 
 It was when I came to enquire at the fountain heads that 
 I could obtain no precise information. 
 
 I wrote to Sir Alfred Keogh, but his answer leaves it vague 
 as to whether Sir William Osler or the heads of the Medical 
 Research Committee (Lord Moulton, its Chairman, or Sir W. M. 
 Fletcher, its Secretary) first approached him, the former in direct 
 reference to the Medical History and the War Museum, the latter 
 in reference to the collection of statistics. 
 
 He wrote to me (5 January, 1921): 
 
 “T have a very clear recollection of Osler’s coming to me very early in 
 the War, to discuss with me not only the subject of collections for museum 
 purposes but the matter of collecting information generally, for he very 
 
 clearly foresaw that we were ‘in for it’? on the medical and surgical side for 
 good or evil. It was obvious to him that an immense mass of material wo 
 be available. I have myself never been a great lover of statistics. The 
 
 effects of disease and wounds and deaths in war are only too evident every 
 
 
 
OsuEerR’s Part 1n THE Mepicau History, Erc.—Apami 85 
 
 rT day in any War Office by reason of the demands for reinforcements. War 
 f officials do not depend upon after-war information for knowledge of this 
 
 
 
 la kind. . . . But the collection of scientific information and the establish- aM 
 ne ment of a research organization in war are matters which make a special mt | 
 ks appeal to me. At, or about, the time of Osler’s conversations with me (for hh 
 I had several) Lord Moulton and Sir W. Fletcher came to see me and offered a 
 the the resources of the Research Committee for scientific work and statistics. an | 
 mai This relieved us of establishing our own organization. . . . I am not very i 
 tans clear as to subsequent proceedings. My memory is rather blurred. When 1 
 i I once disposed of a thing to any responsible body I never interfered further 
 oe except to afford help when I was asked to do so. The delegation of details 
 igs to executive bodies left me free to do the administrative work of the several 
 tod campaigns—to help to win the war, which was the first consideration. But 
 7 two stages of great importance were taken; the delegation to the College of 
 ed th Surgeons of the Collection of Specimens for us and the establishment of the 
 ht Museum connected with Jaw Surgery. Osler was g! eatly interested in both, 
 Pa and I have reason to know was satisfied that, speaking generally, we were, 
 TUE at the War Office, acting up to his ideals. There was certainly no one who was 
 Diop 
 my better acquainted with what we were doing, and I am indebted to him for 
 tis much good advice with regard to certain difficulties and certain persons.”’ 
 cil hae 
 si Similarly, Sir Walter Fletcher possessed no definite data to 
 atl show that he had approached Sir Alfred Keogh in the matter of a 
 Wd . ° . ° ° 11° 
 ee medical history or a medical museum prior to Sir William Osler, 
 ¥ a but admittedly it was through the Research Committee and his 
 nd power of organization that both were made possible. He threw 
 4 i? himself into the matter with characteristic energy. 
 What finally convinces me that it is to Sir William’s enthu- 
 he e siasm that we owe both developments is that fact noted by General 
 ge Macpherson that on November 11, 1914, without reference to 
 a the Medical Research Committee and before the proposals of 
 yo I that body regarding the collection of medical statistics had been 
 . confirmed by its Advisory Council (on November 17) the Director- 
 heads General had appointed Lieut.-Colonel, then Captain, F. 5. Brere- 
 | ton, R.A.M.C., to undertake the duty of preparing material for a 
 salt medical history of the War. It was only later, in March 1915, 
 he that a consultative Committee for the Medical History of the 
 pir War was appointed under the D.G.M.S. with Sir Walter Fletcher 
 yet and Lieut. Colonel Brereton as joint secretaries. 
 , te” I conclude, therefore, that Major-General Sir W. G. Mac- 
 pherson is correct in stating that ‘shortly after these arrangements 
 for collecting material for a medical history of the War had been 
 sve made, Sir Walter Fletcher, then Dr. W. M. Fletcher . . . proposed 
 ns iat that the services of his Committee should be placed at the disposal 
 ld of the Army Medical Service, to assist in the preparation of the 
 tt Medical Statistics of the War.” 
 
 sf As showing the close association between the historical 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 86  OsLER’s Part IN THE MEDICAL History, Erc.—ADAMI 
 
 and the museum work it is ‘nteresting to note that in November 
 1917 Lieut. Colonel Brereton became responsible for the medical 
 section of the Imperial War Museum, visiting the different battle 
 fronts and collecting material ‘lustrating the work of the medical 
 services from front to base including sanitary appliances and 
 objects of historical interest. 
 
 With regard to the Pathological material, and its disposal, 
 as indicated in Sir Alfred Keogh’s letter, Osler took a most active 
 part. 
 
 The Royal Army Medical School had a prescriptive right to 
 receive this, and indeed the R.A.M.C. College at Millbank pos- 
 sessed a museum. But this was a passive, not an active institution 
 —not one of which the College could be proud—a jumble of some 
 few, but very few, interesting specimens of a pathological nature 
 from various recent campaigns, of bullets of various orders and 
 their effects, of various curiosities of nature picked up in various 
 parts of the world, presented by travelled members of the 
 R.A.M.C., and of trophies of the chase. But the room was meagre 
 and already fairly full, and on enquiry it became evident that Mill- 
 bank afforded no space for expansion. What was more serious 
 was that the preparation of pathological specimens of bones and 
 other organs needs the services of an expert curator and of skilled 
 preparateurs. The Army Medical College possessed neither the 
 one nor the other. And men devoted to museum work are few 
 and far between. There was little hope of bringing together 
 and organizing a proper staff out of the R.A.M.C. during the war. 
 If the material collected during the War was merely dumped and 
 piled up at Millbank to be arranged and mounted in the piping 
 times of peace, it was a certainty that three-fourths of it would 
 be lost. | 
 
 I remember many talks over the matter with Sir William and 
 Dr. W. M. Fletcher. There was one institution, and one only, 
 that had the staff and the space and that might appropriately 
 receive what are national collections. The staff, it is true, was 
 greatly ‘minished and brought low’ by the War, but those remaiD- 
 ing were the best museum workers in England, and Professor 
 Shattock, the Curator, and Professor Keith, the Hunterian 
 Professor, were equally the greatest pathological and anatomical 
 museum experts. It may not be generally known that the great 
 Hunterian museum in Lincoln’s Inn Fields is a national museum. 
 
 
 
OsLER’s Part 1N THE MeEpicat History, Erc.—Apamrt 87 
 
 John Hunter’s collections were bought by the nation after his 
 death and deposited in the care of the Royal College of Surgeons, 
 The question was whether the Army Medical authorities would 
 see things in the same light. I remember that Sir William and 
 Dr. Fletcher both saw Sir Alfred Keogh and gained his assent. 
 The difficulty was solved by Dr. Fletcher applying to the Council 
 of the Royal College of Surgeons and that body most patriotically 
 offering to receive and care for all pathological material from the 
 hospitals at the front, as well as for pathological material from 
 the hospitals in Great Britain, and what is more, the materials 
 collected by the medical services of the Dominions, caring for 
 and conserving the latter until such time as it might be transported. 
 Canada and Australia owe a heavy debt to the Royal College for 
 its help at this juncture. But for this they would have fared 
 badly. 
 
 It is perhaps scarcely proper to indicate what part was played 
 by Sir Arthur Keith and Sir Ernest Shattock in bringing about 
 this happy result. I can only quote a letter received recently 
 from Sir Arthur Keith. 
 
 “The Army Medical Museum (W.O. collection) sprang out of 
 the proposition for a Medical History of the War; I don’t know 
 actually, but I always supposed that Osler was the prime mover in 
 getting the Medical History Committee set up and bringing Morley 
 Fletcher in. I was working for the College simply when the 
 Medical History Committee stepped in and made us recipients 
 and custodians of the Army Collection.” 
 
 So well did the College care for and even mount the material 
 that it was possible for the Canadian material to be placed upon 
 exhibition in 1918, prior to its removal to Canada. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 Oster, THE MEDICAL Eprror—CaTTELL 
 
 OSLER, THE MEDICAL EDITOR 
 Henry W. Cattell, A.M., M.D. 
 Editor of the International Clinics, Philadelphia 
 
 CCORDING to the good old Calvinistic doctrine, with 
 which Osler was as familiar as a Hodge or a Schaff, edi- 
 tors, like poets, are born, not made. And Osler was a born 
 medical editor, of the best type, like Gould and Foster. Coming 
 of proper stock, with a suitable environment, imbued with a 
 love of nature, the boy prepared for the ministry. But the man 
 was not predestinated to have the pulpit be his mode of teach- 
 ing the principles of Christ to a later day civilization. With 
 the zeal of a Jesuit, but with the honesty of purpose of a Socrates 
 or a Lincoln, the slim, energetic William Osler, the personifica- 
 tion and embodiment of what was best in the man and in the 
 physician and in the writer, many-sided and erudite in his learn- 
 ing, easy in the expression of his thoughts by pen or tongue, the - 
 quintessence of editorial sagacity and versatility, had a mission 
 to perform, which did not lead him to the stake like a Servetus, 
 and the keynote to this mission was the proper performance of 
 the day’s work, without too frequent introspections. ‘The memor- 
 ies of the winsome personality of Dr. Osler will pass away, his 
 spoken word is no longer heard, but the written and printed 
 thoughts remain, and upon them will rest the future reputation 
 of Sir William Osler. And fortunate it is that these words are 
 many and of a character worthy of the great man that we knew 
 in the living flesh. 
 
 And there were giants in those days working in Philadelphia 
 during the time Osler passed with us as the professor of clinical 
 medicine in the University of Pennsylvania and as chief editorial 
 writer for the Medical News, to name but three of the scientists, 
 Leidy, Cope, Muybridge, and his two associates at the Infir- 
 mary for Nervous Diseases, the portly Wharton Sinkler, the 
 type of the southern gentleman and scholar, with his courtly 
 and courteous manner to rich and poor alike, and the austere 
 Weir Mitchell, the perfector of the rest-cure, the describer of 
 erythromelalgia, and the creator of Hugh Wynne. Let me quote 
 
 
 
Oster, THE MepicaL Epiror—CatTTELL 89 
 
 in its entirety one of Osler’s book-reviews, from this period which 
 will show him perhaps in a new light to many, but illustrates, 
 better than anything else, his fine editorial instinct and his fear- 
 lessness in stating what he considers to be the truth. 
 
 “This work, the author tells us, was suggested by his own necessity; 
 for, after reading all the modern works on the subject, he felt that there was 
 wanting a small, handy manual suitable for the general practitioner and stu- 
 dent. We sincerely trust that active professional duties at High Wycombe 
 will prevent his reading all the modern works on any other subject, lest a 
 similar compulsion should seize him, and result in the production of another 
 such dull, toneless compilation as the present volume.”’ 
 
 Osler was a most careful and capable proof-reader, as will be 
 seen by examining the tops of the first pages of the two manu- 
 scripts reproduced herewith (Fig I), and used for the typesetting of 
 these articles for the pages of the International Clinics, of which 
 he was one of the collaborating editors for seventeen years. It 
 will be noted that one of the manuscripts, written in World War 
 days, is entirely in his own handwriting. Such reliance had he 
 upon his own accuracy and such confidence in “ Mr. Smarty’’, as 
 a proof-reader is known in the printer’s vernacular, that he writes 
 to me on one of them: ‘‘ You need not send proof.”” Only once 
 do I recall his passing an absolute error. 
 
 For some forty years Osler was a front-page writer for the 
 medical press, and by this is meant that practically all of his 
 articles appeared at the start of the issue of the publication in 
 which the communication is found, both on account of the value 
 of the material contained in the paper and of his being so well and 
 favorably known in the territory in which the journal circulated. 
 Thus during the year 1894 Dr. Osler’s lectures on the diagnosis 
 of abdominal tumours were published in eleven parts in the New 
 York Medical Journal, then a weekly, all of which but one occupied 
 the premier positions, while in the International Clinics for 1914 
 two of the four volumes start with a paper by him. It took a 
 discovery like that of a Réntgen to dislodge him to second place, 
 as in the February, 1896, issue of the International Medical Mag- 
 azine. 
 
 While in Paris during the Summer of 1895 I had occasion 
 to consult Osler’s Practice of Medicine, and went to the Uni- 
 versity Library for the purpose of securing the desired informa- 
 tion. There were some 150 readers of all ages in the large read- 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
90 Oster, THE MEDICAL Eprror—CatTTELL 
 
 ing room, and I noticed that the first series of the Index Catalogue | 
 of the U. 8. Surgeon General’s Office and the already published six 
 volumes of the Index Medicus were in constant use. Approaching 
 
 the good-natured old librarian, the request was made for Osler’s x | 
 
 Practice, and very shortly thereafter the information was imparted 
 that the book was not in the library and that the librarian had 
 never heard of the author! Noticing my look of amazement, 
 this custodian of priceless books and manuscripts again went to 
 the voluminous files, and finally brought out with an air of tri- 
 
 umph two monographs by facile princeps the leader of English — 
 medical thought, one on tumours and the other on infantile 
 paralysis! And what is the lesson to be derived from this perhaps 
 trivial incident, if not the reason for Doctor Osler’s greatness 
 as a medical editor? He was familiar with German, French 
 and Italian literature while the leaders of medical thought on the 
 continent, notwithstanding their unusual opportunities for keep- 
 ing abreast with the best English thought through the great 
 
 influx to their clinics of students from the English speaking | 
 
 nations, had neglected their opportunities, feeling, perhaps, that 
 nothing good could come out of Nazareth. | 
 Do you remember that little pocket note-book of Osler’s 
 that always contained just the reference that you wanted upon 
 the subject that you were especially interested in, and from 
 which he supplied you the information so cheerfully and graci- 
 ously, and yet didn’t look too good, nor talked too wise, in the — 
 so doing? It is thus that I like to remember Osler, furnishing 
 desired and useful information for the instruction and upbuild- 
 ing of his fellow practitioners, for after all, editorial greatness 
 consists in understanding the wants of those within and with- 
 out your own sphere of life and in getting out of them the best 
 that it is within their power to give, for Gray’s Elegy contains a 
 truth too often forgotten. If this knowledge of human nature — 
 be not used for personal aggrandisement and in moulding events 
 to meet selfish ends, as did Napoleon, but in aiding those with 
 whom one comes in contact to meet successfully the daily struggles - 
 of life and thus prepare for the betterment of mankind in the 
 future, then one has true nobleness of purpose and fruitful 
 
 results. And such was, is, and will be, the editorial greatness of 
 Osler. 
 
 
 
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 OSLER IN VACATION—JACOBS 91 
 
 OSLER IN VACATION 
 Henry Barton Jacoss, M.D. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 LL the world knows Sir William Osler as a clinician, teacher, 
 
 and author, but comparatively few could have known him 
 
 in his hours of relaxation, so it has occurred to me that a few words 
 
 on this phase of his life might not be uninteresting in this collec- 
 
 tion of tributes to his personality, his scholarship and his medical 
 attainments. 
 
 It was my good fortune to be privileged, during many of bis 
 most eare-free years, to be with him in vacation, and surely it was 
 a privilege; then the real character of the man appeared when all 
 the formalities and compelling duties were laid aside and the 
 real self with its thoughts, tastes and aspirations appeared. 
 When I speak of his most care-free years, I refer to that time be- 
 tween his coming to Baltimore in 1889 and the breaking out of 
 the War in 1914—a period of 25 years in which very hard work 
 was interrupted nearly every summer by two or three months of 
 change of scene and more or less complete relaxation. To in- 
 timate that his fertile mind was ever dull or inactive during these 
 periods would be to convey entirely a misconception. It often 
 seemed that in these vacations his thoughts were more keen and 
 original than even in his days of work, but they were allowed to 
 run into new channels with a spirit of boyishness and fun which 
 captured the interest and admiration of all those about him. 
 Then would appear those most truly characteristic traits of his: 
 nature, the love of his fellowmen, the love of service to others, 
 and his unbounding youthfulness of spirit. To these might be 
 added great reverence for the past with its heroes of contemplation 
 and discovery, and great respect for the slowly moving yet bene- 
 ficent laws of nature, often referred to by him as good old Doctor 
 Time. The joy of living was ever uppermost in his mind coupled 
 with the desire of giving joy to his companions. Many illus- 
 trations of these traits come to me to confirm my words. 
 
 In the summer of 1900 he with his family was spending some 
 weeks at a small seaside resort called Swanage in the south of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 92 Oster IN VACATION—JACOBS 
 
 England, not far from Bournemouth—a most charming, quiet, 
 simple place with a lovely outlook upon the sea and the headlands 
 of the Isle of Wight, and with an excellent bathing beach. He 
 thought I might enjoy the place and suggested my coming. I 
 arrived and went to the attractive little family hotel of the village 
 where I saw myself most comfortably established for my stay. 
 Hardly had I gotten my luggage into the house when Dr. Osler 
 appeared, full of apologies that he missed me at the station and 
 insisting that I must next morning come to his home, that though 
 ‘+t was rather full of visitors, yet he and Mrs. Osler had planned 
 to make room for me. This illustrated bis hospitality—his un- 
 limited hospitality—which was such a marked trait of his char- 
 acter that both in Baltimore and in Oxford his home was ever 
 known as the haven of all comers. To make my stay in Swanage 
 happy seemed to be the sole end of his thoughts during my visit. 
 We bathed, we made excursions, one to the old ruined Corfe 
 Castle where we had tea on the grass of its overgrown, ramparts. 
 We drove to Salisbury to visit the cathredral, and we found pleas- 
 ure in golf upon the downs, the wonderfully interesting south- 
 downs with their beautiful views of the sunny shore and the 
 glistening sea. Nearby are the neighboring outskirts of the real 
 Thomas Hardy country, and much pleasure was derived by an 
 excursion which brought us into these outskirts where the snter- 
 esting suggestion of many a Hardy rural picture was to be seen. 
 Into all these undertakings Dr. Osler entered with the enthusiasm 
 of a boy, outlining to us all the history of this or that object seen, 
 constantly drawing upon his inexhaustible fund of knowledge, 
 whether of literature, or local history, or of the hidden secrets of 
 human nature. 
 
 On another occasion Dr. Futcher and I spent a few days 
 with him at Old Point Comfort. Never were there more delight- 
 ful days! We made friends with the officers of the Fort, every 
 one of whom was eager to show Dr. Osler attention, and he in 
 turn just as eager to lighten for an hour the dreary humdrum of 
 their lives. We went to Hampton and explored its Institute. 
 We took a day on the small steamer which makes the tour of the 
 little known, but most interesting and beautiful Mobjack Bay; 
 had luncheon with the captain, a unique character—so interest- 
 ing and so hospitable. For our delectation and to appease our 
 consuming appetites he chose the largest oysters ever seen an 
 
 
 
+ Hoy 
 
 
 
 OSLER IN VACATION—JACOBS 93 
 
 then showed great disgust with us that we did not know how to 
 swallow them at a single gulp, so with a readiness which bespoke 
 capacity and capability, as well as delight, he demonstrated how 
 the thing should be done. It was a subject of remark that in 
 the whole day but one or two poor little calves, or pigs, and a 
 few potatoes were secured from off the land, though we passed 
 along the most beautiful and fertile shores, stopping here and 
 there at rather dilapidated wharves run out into the bay, where 
 with these exceptions the whole merchandise or cargo was obtained 
 from the productive waters of the bay in the shape of oysters, 
 fish and crabs. It was evident that the population of the whole 
 region was dependent upon the bay for support. Of course this 
 fact was of intense interest to our company, and a subject for 
 rumination to our philosophic Osler. 
 
 In the two or three days following a trip of exploration was 
 made to the Dismal Swamp, and as would seem altogether appro- 
 priate, Dr. Osler carried with him for reading an early edition of 
 Burton’s “Anatomy of Melancholy.” 
 
 One of my most interesting summer visits with the Oslers 
 was in London. They had an apartment at 40 Clarges Street, 
 Mayfair, a very comfortable, family hotel, where I, too, secured 
 a room. This was a very memorable visit for me, for I saw 
 more of London under favorable auspices than either before or 
 since. Dr. Thomas McCrse and Dr. Harvey Cushing were there, 
 too, the former taking the examinations for his membership in 
 the Royal College of Physicians, the latter studying with Victor 
 Horsley. We were a jolly party. We explored London from the 
 tops of omnibuses; we visited the well known bookshops, the 
 libraries and museums of the Royal Colleges of Physicians and 
 Surgeons, seeing the Gold-Headed Cane of Radcliffe and the 
 collections of John Hunter, the portraits, busts and memorabilia 
 of many distinguished men of medicine. Nothing interested 
 Sir William Osler more, or aroused his enthusiasm to a higher 
 pitch, than this search for the great things in medical history which 
 London afforded. I can never forget his excitement over the pro- 
 posed purchase of a remarkable medical library for which a 
 friend of medicine in Baltimore had offered him a large sum. It 
 was to be sold at auction; day by day we visited it to look over 
 the books and to consult with the auctioneers as to what they 
 would probably bring if sold in a block. The day of the sale 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 94 OsLER IN VACATION—JACOBS 
 
 came. Dr. Osler was prepared to outbid any comer, for it was 
 a unique collection, so his disappointment and indignation may 
 be imagined when the auctioneer on opening the sale announced 
 that the owner had accepted a private bid and the collection was 
 withdrawn from public sale. If the books could have been pro- 
 cured they were to go to the J ohns Hopkins Medical School, and 
 would have enriched its library beyond words. In the collection 
 was the only copy I have ever seen and touched of the original 
 edition of Rabelais’ translation of the “Aphorisms of Hypo- 
 crates.”’ 
 
 In Cannes one spring we had several wonderful days together. 
 He had been in Venice with his family and brought to us a very 
 remarkable series of photographs taken by his son, Revere; re- 
 markable because his son Revere was but a boy of twelve or four- 
 teen, and yet he had found and photographed some of the finest 
 bits of details of palaces and churches which existed in Venice. 
 These pictures indicated a power of observance and discrimin- 
 ation far beyond the boy’s years and were indicative already of 
 an unusual mind. This, of course, was a source of great pride 
 and satisfaction to a most devoted father. Dr. Osler had never 
 been in Cannes before and he took the greatest pleasure in seeing 
 the beauties of the place, the Casino, the Corniche Road, but 
 even more pleasure in looking up old friends who, on account of 
 ill health, had sought the Riviera. I remember with what de- 
 light he found an old medical friend much improved after many 
 months in Switzerland and Cannes, and his satisfaction in find- 
 ing Mr. Joseph Chamberlain able to see him after what had been 
 thought to have been a final breakdown. Nor must I forget 
 one beautiful afternoon spent on the golf links of Cannes, where | 
 his interest in the ancient game showed no abatement. 
 
 Lrecall with great pleasure the summer of 1905 when we were 
 together in Paris for the International Congress of Tuberculosis. 
 Many of his friends, English and American, were there and the 
 days were full of meetings and the evenings of dinners. Where- 
 ever he went he was, so to speak, the feature of the occasion. 
 His inimitable way of winning every one, happy and cordial man- 
 ner, fascinating smile and talk, his magnetic personality, ever 
 -made him the centre around which all gathered. 
 
 It was here at a dinner given by one of the French professors 
 that the medal of Charcot, recently done by Frederick Vernon 
 
 
 

 
 OSLER IN VACATION—JACOBS 95 
 
 was shown us, and the suggestion made that Dr. Osler should 
 let Vernon undertake one of him. This suggestion was followed 
 up the next day; several sittings were given, photographs taken, 
 and as a result the bronze plaque showing that most lifelike of all 
 the portrayals of Dr. Osler’s face in which his marked intelligence 
 and unusual personality is so distinctly shown; in some respects, 
 considering the medium, perhaps even better than in the great 
 painting by Sargent. 
 
 A happy incident of this Paris visit was Dr. Osler’s idea that 
 it was a most fitting occasion for the Americans present, and 
 through them the American medical profession in general, to 
 show their appreciation of and their debt to the renowned clinician 
 and teacher, Louis. To this end Dr. Rupert Norton, who at 
 that time lived in Paris, was requested to find out where Louis 
 was buried. This proved to be a task of some moment; curiously 
 enough, the French physicians, of whom inquiry was made, could 
 not tell. Then recourse was had to the library of the Academy 
 of Medicine, and after much search, an obituary notice was found 
 in a contemporary medical journal which told of his burial in the 
 cemetery of Mt. Parnasse; a trip to this cemetery was made; 
 the guardian found who fortunately remembered exactly the 
 location of the family tomb. So the group of Americans were 
 gotten together and with a very large wreath of laurel leaves and 
 roses, emblems of appreciation and affection, on a rather chilly 
 and rainy afternoon, we proceeded to Mt. Parnasse and were 
 conducted to Louis’ grave. Here Dr. Osler gave a most inter- 
 esting informal talk upon the life of Louis; the value of his work 
 in confirming and establishing Laennec’s researches in tuber- 
 culosis, and the great impetus he gave to the study by his own 
 numerical method; also the great debt American medicine was 
 under to him through those early students from Boston, New 
 York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, who brought back from Paris 
 the new ideas and became the teachers of them in their several 
 localities. Dr. Klebs, then of Chicago, had the kodak with him, 
 and I am glad to be able to show the photograph which was taken 
 of this American group gathered at the tomb of Louis. 
 
 An incident of this vacation in Paris, whether ever before 
 told or not, I am uncertain, was the way in which President 
 Roosevelt’s invitation was secured to the International Congress 
 to come to America in 1908. The American representatives of 
 
 
 
 ee SSS == 
 
06 OSLER IN VACATION—J ACOBS 
 
 the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuber- 
 culosis were instructed to invite the next Congress to America. 
 This invitation was presented by Drs. Flick, Jacobs and Beyer, 
 but immediately they were told that the Congress only went to 
 those countries to which it was invited by the head of the Govern- 
 ment. Italy was after the Congress, and had its government’s 
 invitation. Here was a quandary. We were in Paris and our 
 Government three thousand miles away wholly uninformed and 
 probably uninterested. One of us happily thought of Dr. William 
 H. Welch, he who still succeeds in all he undertakes. We made 
 up a telegram to him on the chance of his being in Baltimore, 
 requesting him to see Mr. Roosevelt, secure the desired invitation 
 and forward it to the American Ambassador in Paris. Osler 
 signed the telegram. It worked like a charm; Dr. Welch received 
 the message, went to Washington, saw President Roosevelt, se- 
 cured the invitation and the American Ambassador delivered it 
 to the Congress the next day, and the International Congress of 
 Tuberculosis came to Washington in 1908. 
 
 Never to be forgotten are the vacation days spent in Oxford 
 after the colleges were closed. The eagerness and enthusiasm 
 with which Dr. Osler made me see the interesting things in this 
 old university town can hardly be described. He loved the 
 place and all it contained, its history, its architecture, its quad- 
 rangles, its libraries, its hospitals, its laboratories, its museums 
 Here at Christ Church where his hero, Burton, was a scholar, he 
 was proud to have been made a Fellow. The Bodleian with its — 
 treasures and traditions was bis constant delight, and he exhibit- 
 ed the sacred volumes with a reverence which could but impress 
 his companions with similar feelings. In Oxford surely Dr. 
 Osler found consolation for his soul—where the old and the new 
 meet together, the past and the present, the past which he re- 
 vered, the present which he loved as few love the on-coming life 
 of the world. 
 
 In Oxford I will leave him in a year before the War, happy 
 in his work; happy in his distinctions; happy in his beautiful 
 home with bis devoted wife and brilliant son; happy in the troop 
 of boys and girls, English, Canadian and American, who filled 
 
 his house at tea-time every day; happy with his precious books, — | 
 
 little dreaming of the years of trial and anguish ahead. Gone 
 are the days,—but Osler still lives. 
 
 
 
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 OsLER AS A BIBLIOPHILE—MACKALL 97 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER AS A BIBLIOPHILE* 
 LEONARD L. MACKALL 
 Savannah, Georgia 
 
 T seems peculiarly appropriate that this Society should take 
 its action on the death of Dr. Osler, in the Hotel Chelsea, since 
 he always stayed here on his many visits to Atlantic City. Few 
 knew it at the time, for he used to register under an assumed 
 name, usually that of some old medical worthy, which enabled 
 him to enjoy the necessary rest and relaxation for which he had 
 come and yet was identification enough to his best. friends, who 
 were merely amused by his various ingenious aliases. 
 
 Once at the New York Academy of Medicine a librarian asked 
 him to write his name in the register, and was later much sur- 
 prised to find instead, ‘‘Miss Persimmons” written in a well- 
 known hand!" 
 
 Some fantastically wonderful quasi-medical letters signed, 
 “Bgerton Y. Davis, Jr.,” in various journals were really written 
 by Dr. Osler, who greatly enjoyed the consequent mystification 
 of readers lacking in a sense of humour—especially as a really 
 authentic, though scarcely less extraordinary narrative, pub- 
 lished seriously under his own name, was to his surprise regarded 
 as a mere hoax.” His sense of humour was always active, and he 
 often indulged in playful and practical jokes. 
 
 Seldom surely has a living man received a finer tribute 
 than the unsentimental yet eloquent personal articles in the 
 special Osler? number of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin, 
 issued for his seventieth and last birthday. Professor Gilder- 
 sleeve, dean of American philogists, at eighty-eight, contributed 
 some charming verses, ending: 
 
 ‘His winged words straight to their quarry go. 
 All hearts are holden by his meshes yet.”’ 
 
 *Extracted from an article in The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of 
 
 America, Vol. XIV, Part I, 1920, Chicago, 1922. 
 1Cf. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, July, 1919, p. 6. 
 
 2Canada Medical and Surgical Journal, XVI, (1888), 377, 734; XVI, 
 557, New York Medical Journal, XLVII, 332, 412; Medical Record, XXXII, 
 97, cf. Literary Digest, January 17, 1920, p. 50. 
 
 8July, 1919, reprinted in book form, 1920. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 98 OSLER AS A BIBLIOPHILE—MACKALL 
 
 A more elaborate and more general tribute, intended for 
 the same birthday (though unfortunately delayed for months by 
 printers’ strikes, etc.)*, are the two handsome volumes of Contri- 
 butions to Medical and Scientific Research, consisting of some 150 
 papers by as many pupils and co-workers in the United States 
 and Canada. Another very interesting series of tributes, chiefly 
 upon his earlier days, is the Sir William Osler Memorial Number 
 of the Canadian Medical Association Journal published in July,1920. 
 
 Dr. Osler’s constant anxiety to aid even strangers in any 
 serious scientific work was well illustrated by his cordial wel- 
 come to Dr. Crous, the young representative of the Prussian Com- 
 mission on a General Catalogue of Incunabula, whose second 
 paper before the Bibliographical Society (London) states that it~ 
 was mainly Dr. Osler’s kindness and notes of introduction which 
 gave him access to the incunabula in England.® This reminds 
 me to add that when during the war almost everyone in Germany 
 was obsessed with a fantastically wild hatred of everything in 
 English, Dr. Osler’s German colleagues Ewald (of Berlin, now dead) 
 and von Miiller (Munich) remembered him with affection; and the 
 latter has written a sympathetic notice on learning of his death.® 
 Similarly, though his only child was killed in the war, he was 
 among the first to come to the aid of the really suffering children 
 of Austria. 
 
 Revere Osler had gradually formed an interesting collec- 
 tion of English Books, mainly of the Tudor and Stuart periods, 
 to which his father had added most of the non-scientific works 
 from his own fine library. Soon after their son’s death his parents 
 presented this whole collection to the Johns Hopkins University, 
 with a suitable endowment to form a “Tudor and Stuart Club” 
 (somewhat similar to the well-known Elizabethan Club at Yale), 
 which will, under such circumstances, be very deeply appreciated, 
 and will undoubtedly prove of the greatest value and interest to 
 
 
 
 
 
 4But pp. xvii and 1 to 142 of Volume I and pp. ix and 651 to 654 ie 
 th 
 
 of Volume II were formally presented in the Hall of the Royal Society of M 
 icine, London, July 11,1919. Sir William’s very striking reply is printed in the 
 B.M..J., July 19, 1919; also in Annals of Medical History, N.Y., Vol. II,No. 2. 
 
 5 Transactions of the Bibliographical Society, XII, 182-87 (London, 1914); 
 ef. pp. 87-99, and Sir William’s paper, “The Proposed General Catalogue on 
 Incunabula,” read before the Medical Library Association at Washington, 
 May, 1913, published in its Bulletin, April, 1914. 
 
 6 Miinchener medizinische Wochenschrift, February 27, 1920. 
 
 
 
OsLER AS A BIBLIOPILE—MAcCKALL 99 
 
 the students of that University—a cherished memorial to both 
 father and son’. 
 
 Only a word can be said here on Sir William Osler as a 
 Bibliophile. He tells us himself: ‘‘Books have been my delight 
 these thirty 'years, and from them I have received incalculable 
 benefits. To study the phenomena of disease without books is 
 to sail an uncharted sea, while to study books without patients 
 is not to go to sea atall.”*® He knew well the monumental Index 
 Catalogue of the Surgeon-General’s Library and the Index 
 Medicus, and used them constantly to great advantage, but the 
 personal touch in Atkinson’s Medical Bibliography (1834, A-B 
 only) delighted him, and he calls it “the most fascinating book on 
 the subject ever written””. His book of addresses, 4iquanimitas, 
 concludes with a wise and striking page headed, “‘Bed-Side 
 Library for Medical Students,’’ naming ten books, including his 
 favourite, Sir Thomas Brown’s Religio Medici. But he taught 
 the love of books not by word only. Our ‘‘ Resolutions” mention 
 what might be called his ‘‘book clinics” for medical students. 
 In Baltimore he formed also a small informal dining-club which 
 he named “The Ship of Fools.” It was so agreeable that, when 
 he was leaving Baltimore for Oxford, the members presented 
 him with a magnificent Henriade (“‘ Londres, 1741’’), inscribed by 
 Voltaire to his Physician Dr. de Silva’°—surely a very fitting 
 application by others of the principle on which Dr. Osler himself 
 always so generously and unselfishly acted: ‘The true biblio- 
 phile has a keen pleasure in seeing an important document in its 
 proper home.’’*' 
 
 His own great library cannot be even vaguely described, but 
 its general classification is indicated in the following quotation 
 from a letter (to L. L. M.) (dated August 6th, 1918): 
 
 ‘““My library continues to grow and I am trying to get 
 a proper Catalogue...... If not on right, at any rate my 
 scheme will be on interesting lines. I have divided the library 
 
 7Cf. Johns Hopkins University Circulars, 1919, Feb. p. 19, and Dec. pp. 
 
 17, 127, and Prof. J. C. French’s article, J. H. Alum. Mag. June 1923. 
 8“ Books and Men,” A/quanimitas, p. 220; B. M.and S., Jan. 17, 1901. 
 
 °Canad. M. Ass. J. July, 1913, p. 612. Cf. Dibdin’s Bibliographical 
 Tour in.....England, 1838, I, 211-216; II, 1080; also now Ruhrah in Ann. Med. 
 Hist. V1., No. 2, 1924. 
 
 10 [bid., August, 1914, p. 732. 
 11 Tbid., September, 1912, p. 834. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 cy 
 
 OSLER AS A BrsLioPpHiLE—MAcKALL 
 
 into seven groups—Prima, Secunda, Historica, Biographica, 
 Bibliographica, Incunabula and Manuscripts. Sayle, of the 
 Cambridge Library, thinks it will be feasible, but, of course 
 in a published Catalogue there will have to be a very complete 
 index.”’ 
 
 His own favourite author was Sir Thomas Browne, who 
 is the subject of a delightful bio-bibliographical study included 
 in the fine volume An Alabama Student, etc., 1908. 
 
 I must close by calling attention to the fact that the author- 
 ized “Life” of Dr. Osler is being written by his friend, Dr. Harvey 
 Cushing, the eminent surgeon, now at Harvard.” 
 
 Dr. Osler was a great bibliographer, a great physician, a 
 very great personality. It has been well said that it was the 
 “power of evoking the love of his fellow workers that most dis- 
 tinguished him.’””’ That love made them better workers and 
 better men. We who knew him can never forget our great debt 
 
 to our much beloved friend.”* 
 Upon the motion of Mr Mackall, the Society adopted the 
 following: 
 
 2 This admirable biography (i, 685 and ii, 728 pp.) was published by 
 the Oxford University Press in April, 1925. See the charming note by E.S. 
 Martinin Life, May 7th, and the essay by Stewart P. Sherman in the New 
 York Herald Tribune review, Books, May 31st. 
 
 13 London Times, December 31, 1919, p. 13. 
 
 14 The volumes entitled Aquanimitas and An Alabama Student have been 
 incidentally mentioned above. Science and Immortality, 1904, is also very 
 interesting. Camac’s Counsels and Ideals, from the writings of Sir William 
 Osler, 1905, (an enlarged edition appeared in 1921) classifies many fine excerpts 
 from scattered sources. Cushing’s edition (Houghton Mifflin, 1920) of the 
 address as president of the Classical Association, The Old Humanities and The 
 New Science, reprints also the list of specimens of the Bibliotheca Prima and 
 contains a very excellent introduction, etc. An elaborate list of Sir William’s 
 writings (by M. Blogg) is in the Osler number of the Johns Hopkins H ospital 
 Bulletin. Several valuable articles on him are in the Annals of Medical History, 
 Vol. II, No.2. See also British M edical Journal, January 3rd and 10th, 1920; 
 Allbutt, in Nature, January 8th; Garrison, in Science, January 16th; Thayer, 
 in New York Nation, January 24th, (fuller in Bull. Med. and Chir. Faculty of 
 Md., January, 1920); Streeter’s “Osler as a Bibliophile (Boston Medical and 
 Surgical J ournal, April 1st, 1920); D. S. Freeman’s admirable editorial in the 
 Richmond News Leader, December 30th, 1919, quoted in large part in the Thter- 
 ary Digest, January 17th, 1920. The Bibliography of the Writings of Str William 
 Osler, by Minnie W. Blogg, “revised and enlarged with Index,” has now 
 been issued as a separate book (Balto, 1921). Also the “Sir William Osler 
 Memorial Number” of the Canadian Medical Association Journal, July, 1920, 
 containing many articles on his childhood and early professional and later 
 Oxford days, by N. B. Gwyn, F. J. Shepherd, A. D. Blackader, A. Malloch, 
 J. G. Adami, and others, together with a classified Bibliography of his Can- 
 adian period by M. E. Abbott. 
 
 
 

 
 OSLER AS A BIBLIOPHILE—MACKALL 101 
 
 RESOLUTIONS ON THE DEATH OF SiR WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 “The Members of the Bibliographical Society of America 
 are anxious to record in no merely conventional or perfunctory 
 words their appreciation of the great loss which all have suffered 
 in the death on December 29th last, of Sir William Osler, Baronet, 
 F.R.S., the universally beloved President of the Bibliographical 
 Society (London), and Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford, 
 Honorary Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 ‘“Born at Bond Head, Ontario, July 12th, 1849, he graduated 
 at Trinity College, Toronto, took his M.D. at McGill University 
 in 1872, became Professor there and, in 1884, at the University 
 of Pennsylvania, moved to Johns Hopkins in 1889, as its first 
 professor of medicine, and went to Oxford in 1895. He was made 
 a baronet in 1911. 
 
 “As a great physician, a genius at diagnosis, an inspiring 
 teacher, and the author of what is still the standard textbook on 
 the practice of medicine in English (translated into French, 
 German, Spanish, and Chinese) besides innumerable special 
 studies, his fame is world-wide, and based on actual work done 
 well. 
 
 ‘He wished to be remembered chiefly as having taught medi- 
 cine at the bedside of a patient. 
 
 “Similarly, he delighted in teaching bibliography and an 
 intelligent love of books, informally but with rare knowledge, 
 judgment, and grasp of the human and the historical elements. 
 
 ‘‘He invited his students to his hospitable home, showed his 
 most interesting books, and told them stories in connection 
 with their authors and the history of the subject, so simply and 
 yet so vividly that even the least interested of his many hearers 
 became thrilled and never forgot the impression, or the chief 
 facts. At the Johns Hopkins Hospital Historical Club and 
 elsewhere, he made many an old book and its author really live 
 again. His various printed addresses and essays dealing with 
 books and men are all singularly charming. 
 
 ‘He was ever on the lookout for some interesting volume to 
 give to that one of many friends (including libraries), who would 
 best appreciate it. No one could be more generous, no one ever 
 proved himself a more thoughtful friend of bibliophiles—truly a 
 philobibliophile par excellence. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 102 OSLER AS A BrBLIoPHILE—MAcKALL 
 
 “His vast reading and learning, carried always so lightly 
 and playfully, his sparkling wit, and delightfully refreshing 
 humour, his kindly, lovable personality, his absolute simplicity 
 and unselfishness, soon made him very dear to all with whom he 
 came in contact. 
 
 “His individual influence was indeed unique, but he recog- 
 nized clearly the importance of organization, and he was a great 
 organizer in much besides medicine. To him is largely due 
 the success of the Medical Library Association, as well as of 
 various medical libraries once weak but now strong. The large 
 meeting room in the new library building of the Medical and 
 Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, in Baltimore, was gratefully 
 and appropriately named after him, in 1909. 
 
 “For seven years, until his death, he was President of the 
 Bibliographical Society, of London, and its debt to him in many 
 ways is very great indeed. He was a member of the famous 
 Roxburghe Club. He was a Curator of the Bodleian Library; 
 and the Bodleian Quarterly Record was started at his suggestion 
 and with his support. | 
 
 “During the war no one worked harder than Dr. Osler 
 (though he was nearing seventy when the conflict began), in 
 striving to prevent and cure disease, and to relieve suffering. In 
 the hospitals he visited friend and foe alike. He made unusual 
 efforts to see sick and wounded Americans personally, and to 
 reassure their families. 
 
 “Dr. Osler’s elaborate monograph on ‘Early Printed Medical 
 Books to 1480,’ already ‘half-written’ in February, 1916, was still 
 unfinished at his death. It will be published by the Biblio- 
 graphical Society, for which it was intended.’® 
 
 “For years he had been working on what would have been his 
 bibliographical Magnum Opus—a unique and most interesting 
 and valuable elaborate catalogue, with historical and biographical 
 essays and notes, of his wonderful, rich, historically arranged, 
 scientific and medical Library. The suggestive leaflet listing 
 twenty great scientific books before 1700, which he exhibited 
 to the Classical Association at Oxford, May, 1919 (when he was 
 its President), and the brilliant account of the ‘First Printed 
 
 15 Cf, Transactions of The Bibliographical Society, XIII, 4, and XIV, 138; 
 also British Medical Journal, January 24th, 1914; ho Bulletin of the Medical 
 Library Association, April, 1914. [It appeared in October, 1923.] 
 
 
 
OSLER AS A BIBLIOPHILE—MACKALL 103 
 
 Documents Relating to Modern Surgical Anesthesia,’ read be- 
 fore the Royal Society of Medicine, just a year earlier,’” indicates 
 what that great catalogue would have been. Our loss is great, 
 but we have much to be thankful for. The catalogue will be 
 completed as far as possible,’’ and all the books were bequeathed to 
 McGill University, Montreal, where they will always remain as the 
 most fitting monument to one of the greatest and most learned 
 of bibliophiles. 
 
 “Dr. Osler asked to be written down as one who loved his 
 fellow-men. He seemed especially fond of bibliophiles, and we 
 feel his loss most deeply. 
 
 ‘As Americans we are sincerely grateful for the twenty-one 
 full years of his life which he devoted to us.” 
 
 REsouvepD, that copies of this Minute, as an expression of 
 our cordial sympathy, be sent to: 
 
 Lady Osler 
 
 The Bibliographical Society (London) 
 Oxford University 
 
 Johns Hopkins University 
 
 McGill University 
 
 16 The leaflet was reprinted in Annals of Medical History, Vol. II, No. 2, 
 and in Cushing’s edition (Houghton Mifflin, 1920) of the Classical Associa- 
 tion Address, The Old Humanities and The New Science. The “Anaesthesia” 
 paper was printed in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, Section 
 of the History of Medicine, June, 1918, and then in Annals of Medical History, 
 New York, Vol. I, No. 4. 
 
 [The first sheets of the Catalogue of the Bibliotheca Osleriana were 
 printed by the Oxford University Press:in Nov. 1923. It will form about 
 700 pages, quarto.| 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 104 Oster, EvonuTion or MODERN MEDICcINE—CHIPMAN 
 
 OSLER ON THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN MEDICINE 
 | W. W. Cureman, M.D. 
 
 Montreal, Canada. 
 
 
 
 el 1913 Sir William Osler delivered at Yale the Silliman 
 
 Memorial Lectures, These Lectures constitute the tenth of 
 an Annual Series, designed by the Silliman Foundation, “to 
 ‘Jlustrate the presence and providence, the wisdom and goodness 
 of God”; and wise indeed was the Testator, for he adds, “as 
 manifested in the natural and moral world.” Delivered as we 
 have seen, before the Great War, they did not appear in print 
 till 1921, nearly two years after Osler’s death. As all the world 
 knows, there was abundant reason for this delay. 
 
 These Lectures were posthumously arranged for the press 
 in book form by Fielding H. Garrison, Harvey Cushing, Edward 
 C. Streeter, and Leonard H. Mackall. These men were one and ~ 
 all, great personal friends of Osler’s, and the editorial work, for 
 them a labour of love, is extremely well done. They tell us that a 
 the illustrations, which add so much to the interest of the text, — 
 have been for the greater part retained as Osler left them. The 
 Editors conclude their preface with the following tribute to the 
 book: ‘We have no hesitation in presenting these Lectures to 
 the profession and to the reading public as one of the most char- 
 acteristic productions of the best balanced, the best equipped, — 
 the most sagacious and most lovable of all modern physicians.” 
 
 With this statement of theirs we are in hearty agreement. “tee 
 
 Few men have been better qualified than Sir William Osler 
 to write a history of the Evolution of Medicine; for he was some- 
 thing of the priest, much of the philosopher, and an admirably 
 trained and experienced physician. In this way, he embodied _ 
 in himself, as it were, the true sequence of the history of Medicine; 
 and he could, in consequence, see clearly and sympathetically o 
 from the beginning. i, 
 
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 so ee ee a ie. 
 ——_—_—_—— — 
 
 1 The Evolution of Modern Medicine. A series of lectures delivered 
 at Yale University at the Silliman Foundation in April, 1913, by Sit 
 William Osler, Bart., F.R.S., New Haven, Yale University Press, 1921, 243 
 pp-, 107 illustrations. 1a 
 
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 OsLER, Evotution or Mopern Merpicine—CuipmMan~ 105 
 
 It is undoubtedly true that the story of Medicine really 
 includes and embraces the whole history of Mankind. For the 
 “Know thyself,” the passionate behest of the famous Delphic 
 Oracle, was in reality only the great cry of humanity become at 
 last articulate. This knowledge of self, this understanding of 
 ourselves, mental, moral, and physical, as we arbitrarily divide 
 it, is related fundamentally to the study of Medicine. It is only 
 by means of this study that we can know ourselves, and through 
 ourselves the world outside and beyond us. This medical self- 
 knowledge, is, in fact, the beginning and the end of all knowable 
 things. 
 
 In the long exodus of the human race, ‘‘from out the night, 
 the blinding night,” of ignorance and superstition, we know 
 that the first exponent, the first leader or prophet, was the priest; 
 then followed the philosopher; and, finally, the physician. The 
 one was the natural progenitor of the other. And the last of 
 these, however modern, if he be a great physician, must inherit 
 abundantly from his forbears. Osler was such a one, for he was 
 richly endowed with this double inheritance. 
 
 And in this book there is unmistakeable evidence of this 
 inheritance; not only in the setting of the story itself, but in the 
 catholic selection of its component parts. It is a short history, 
 only six chapters, an “aeroplane flight” the author calls it; and 
 yet, while it is succinct, it is nevertheless clear and comprehen- 
 sible. The story begins of course, in Egypt and Mesopotamia, 
 with our earliest medical records; and down through the inter- 
 vening ages the several threads of the narrative are kept disen- 
 tangled and discrete, until they are finally interwoven into one 
 definite whole. No simple or easy task is this, for nowhere other 
 than in a History of Medicine is a writer more prone to miss the 
 wood by reason of the trees. Here, however, we do not miss 
 the wood, it is kept in fine perspective, for the narrative is a 
 clear, simple, and balanced one from the beginning to the end. 
 
 Osler was always a student, a judicious and diligent reader 
 of books. By reason of this learning, it has been possible for 
 him to gather up and concentrate this diffuse, this collateral 
 light, and to focus it as it were, upon his theme. In this way 
 the story is made more luminous and distinct, even while it is 
 seen with a wider horizon round about it The “impassioned 
 philosophy” of the poet he has frequently invoked, and the nar- 
 
 10 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 106 Oster, EvotuTion or MODERN MEDICINE—CHIPMAN 
 
 rative is quickened or stirred thereby, both in its sense and feeling. — 
 The dominant note in the harmony of Osler’s character, was 
 his great love of humanity, his abiding interest in, and sympathy — 
 with, his fellow-men. This was manifest, not only in his life, 
 but in everything he ever said or wrote. Dr. Maude E. Abbott — 
 describes this attitude in other words when she speaks of his — 
 “invincible optimism, his belief in the inherent greatness of 
 man.” Osler always wrote in the light of this human love, and 
 in this medical history his humanity constantly imbues and per- 
 meates the “humanities” of the text. We are told again of the — 
 Fathers of Medicine, and of what they achieved; and then by a 
 few deft and sympathetic strokes, these men are made to live 
 before us; each one of them we see as & man, like unto ourselves, wg 
 living and moving in his own time. The animus of Osler ani- 
 mates them all. i 
 One of the best sections of the book deals with the rise of — 
 the Universities of the thirteenth century, the Universities of 
 Bologna, Padua, and Montpelier. Osler was himself a great 
 teacher, and there is evinced here a genuine affection for the old — 
 Schoolmen, and these old Schools. The concluding paragraph is ~ 
 eminently characteristic: “What would have been its fate if 
 the mind of Europe had been ready for Roger Bacon’s ferment. 
 instead of wasting centuries... .like the members of Swift’s 
 famous College, ‘busy distilling sunshine from cucumbers’?” 
 Most appropriately, the final chapter of this history deals - 
 with the Rise of Preventive Medicine. In a few admirable 
 pages we are shown that Sanitation rightly takes its place amo ng 
 the great modern revolutions; and its wonderful achievement as 
 against the ravages of malaria, yellow fever, and tuberculosis is 
 recorded. Again, it is no idle boast that, in Preventive Medi- : 
 cine, there shall be fulfilled the famous prophecy of Descartes, 
 that “We could be freed from an infinity of evils. ...if we had 
 sufficient knowledge of their causes, and of all the remedies with — 
 which nature has provided us.”’ a 
 Osler was an optimist throughout his life. The “Evolution 
 of Modern Medicine,” is among the last things that he has left 
 us. It is fitting that it should end as it does in the profession — 
 of an abiding faith in human effort and human achievement. 
 His testimony is that of the famous Greek Philosopher, “That 
 which benefits human life is God.” mre 
 
 
 
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 SIR WILLIAM OSLER 
 from the bronze plaque modeled from life, by 
 
 MONSIEUR F. VERNON 
 CAST IN PARIS BY BARBEDIENNE 
 
 IN 19903 
 
 aaa 
 
 Ne a 
 
 
 

 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 
 
 
 
 TORONTO UNIVERSITY McGILL UNIVERSITY 
 (1867-69) (1870-1884) 
 
 
 
 OXFORD UNIVERSITY 
 (1905-1919) 
 
 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 
 (1885-1889) (1890-1904) 
 
 Coats of Arms, or Seals, of the five Universities which were the scene of 
 Osler’s academic activities. 
 107 
 
 
 
 
 
= 
 —————————— SS ee = = — = = = - Sa Se — 
 
 = NN ————E—EE ee 
 a = ee 
 PRES SRY ae TST : ——— 
 — ————$ > ———— 
 
 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL 
 EARLY DAYS 
 
 
 
 THE EARLY LIFE OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER* 
 
 Norman Gwyn, M.B. 
 Toronto 
 
 ELLOW-DISCIPLES, Members of the society—Though com- 
 
 ing to you with a pass-word—a familiarity with the conditions 
 under which Sir William spent his early days—I yet feel that 
 I am invading sacred territory, for to the earnest student of 
 medicine the school that graduated Osler must forever seem 
 to be on holy ground. Reverence and deference I therefore 
 bring, but only so much I hope as will not overcast the clear out- 
 lining of a very human character, the character of one who, in his 
 youth, was very much like most normal men, save in the possession 
 of an unusual charm, and of an initiative and foresight uncommonly 
 developed. 
 
 The Osler who left McGill so well prepared for his life’s work 
 that he quickly pressed far forward in American medicine, came 
 to you, we shall insist, a formed character; in his own wisdom he 
 chose McGill, but already the compelling forces of inheritance, 
 training and environment had put forth from him the substance 
 of those enthusiastic studies in natural history and biology which 
 your library possesfes. Born, bred, taught, in Ontario parishes, 
 Upper Canada claims Osler as perhaps the most perfect flower of 
 her cultivation. 
 
 Circumstances have allowed me easy access to the facts of 
 the Osler inheritances and to the fascinating details of Sir William’s 
 early life. I shall try to put them before you, not as dated and 
 labelled descriptions, but more as a continued story. 
 
 Not often does it happen that a great character goes through 
 his life uninfluenced by heredity or environment. Osler, born into 
 a family stamped strongly with hereditary traits and character- 
 
 ~ *An address delivered before the — Chirurgical Society of Montreal, 
 in November, 1920. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 110 Earty Lire or Sir WiLLIAM OsLER—GWYN 
 
 istics, grew up under conditions which seemed to take him easily 
 and naturally forward to the threshold of a world waiting for his 
 step. His inheritances were clear-marked and striking; the in- 
 fluences of environment follow one another in orderly fashion, each 
 seeming to leave with him something for the emergencies of the 
 future, while, as concerns his training, one is tempted to say, that 
 no child was ever better instructed in the elements of life—‘‘ duty, 
 obedience, and industry” —and that the chance which placed a 
 boy with Osler’s natural gifts and qualities under the influence of 
 Johnson, Bovell,* and a group of natural scientists, was a coinci- 
 dence directed by a very special fate. 
 
 For this rather personal analysis of Sir William’s early life, I 
 have taken for consideration four points: 
 
 Details of inheritance and training. 
 The man and the opportunity. 
 Adolescence and its surroundings. 
 An idea and its cultivation. 
 
 I hope that you will agree with me in feeling that in the simple 
 statements I am about to make are contained many circumstances 
 which throw light on this wonderful life. 
 
 I. INHERITANCE AND TRAINING 
 
 Why, in a family whose bent was business, the clerical and 
 scholastic side should suddenly appear and develop, is difficult to 
 say. (Appendix I). Striking results of such deviations are, how- 
 ever, often seen, and when, successively, three sons of a merchant 
 turn to the church or medicine, it is probable that the subsequent 
 progress of that family will be upon entirely different lines to here- 
 tofore. The ancestor second in line to Sir William (his grand- 
 father, Edward Osler), shows in his clearly worded correspondence 
 that education had been a well considered detail. of his life, but 
 there flashes nowhere in the orderly pages of his letters any glim- 
 mer of the spark that glows, perhaps faintly, in the writings of a 
 son} and that burns now so brightly in the erandson’s Afquanimi- 
 tas. He details well, nevertheless, business, the business of a 
 shipping merchant, venturing cargoes and ships, sending to and 
 
 *Osler’s teachers at Weston and T i ae 
 Aclicastion of tas baeebieak. nd Toronto, two of the three names in the 
 
 +Edward Osler, Jr., Sir William’s uncle. 
 
 
 
the 
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 ri 
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 pws” 
 
 
 
 Earzty Lire or Sir WILLIAM OsLER—GWwyNn 111 
 
 receiving from Atlantic and Pacific shores, choosing men trust- 
 worthy and enterprising; the business of sea-faring England. 
 
 Nearly fifty years of Cornish shipping precede this Edward 
 Osler, fifty years of owning, building and sailing those ships which 
 were making English the trade of the world, fifty years of meeting 
 the elements in all their changing moods; the habit of thinking and 
 acting, the unusual faculty of seeing in a moment a passage through 
 the rugged reefs of life (the Osler characteristic), came as a direct 
 inheritance to Sir William and his father, both of whom were, 
 above all, pioneers in their respective callings. 
 
 The revolution which took place in the family at this time 
 and the break with commerce was overwhelming and complete, 
 as concerns three at least of five sons. Featherstone, (Sir Wil- 
 liam’s father), enrolled in the Royal Navy; Edward, the elder son, 
 entered medicine, (his “‘indenture’” was always a familiar sight in 
 Sir William’s consulting room at Oxford); Henry, later in line, 
 followed his older brother Featherstone to the Canadian mission 
 fields after a very complete reconstruction in that sailor’s life. 
 
 Development along unusual lines took place at once. The 
 uncle Edward demonstrated that a real scientific and literary bent 
 had been acquired or inherited, * as seen in his publications: Observa- 
 tions on the Anatomy of the marine mollusca, Burrowing and boring 
 marine animals, (Fig. 1), Life of Lord Exmouth, (Fig. 2), Church and 
 King, (Fig. 3), and in his twenty years editorship of the Cornwall 
 Gazette. His book, Church and King, and several hymns in the 
 Anglican hymnal show the bias of his mind; he is the first of those 
 religious naturalist influences or associations which we will see so 
 prominent in Sir William’s early life, and one is easily persuaded 
 that in Edward Osler is appearing that keen scientific spirit of 
 enquiry so finely developed in the next generation in the person of his 
 nephew William; a glance at the reproductions (Figures, 4,5, and 6) 
 show that a remarkable quality of technical skill was added to his 
 powers of observation and that the delineations are delicate to a 
 degree; to the well known old naturalist, L. W. Dillwyn, F.R.S., 
 much of the inspiration which produced these publications and 
 
 *Edward Osler’s scientific bent was actively encouraged by the Quaker 
 naturalist Dillwyn who pursued many studies along the southern Englis 
 shores; Edward Osler acknowledges his indebtedness to Mr. Dillwyn in one of 
 the scientific publications, and the paper upon the ‘“ Anatomy of the marine 
 ——. was communicated to the Royal Society for Edward Osler by, Mr. 
 
 wyn. 
 

 
 112 Earty Lire or Sir WILLIAM OsLER—GWyYN 
 
 plates is due, and the interesting fact is already before us that 
 Osler would be familiar from his earliest days with scientific trans- 
 actions that had the added attraction of family interest; whether 
 
 he would note the important detail that Mr. Dillwyn’s student — 
 
 had been urged on to publication in his early years, is a matter for — oe 
 
 conjecture. (Appendix IT). 
 
 In the direct line, in Sir William’s father, the Rev. Feather- — * 
 stone Osler, is seen at once the appearance of that quality so evi- — a 
 dent in Sir William’s career,—the ability to blaze fearlessly anew 
 trail. Thirteen years in the Royal Navy had been quite insuffi- 
 
 cient to dampen independent thought and action; at twenty-five 
 the great call was heard and serious preparation for the Church 
 was begun at Cambridge. Serious surely at that age must be con- 
 sidered the giving of nearly seven years to the getting of an M.A, 
 degree, and the reaching of a deacon’s status. No extraordinary 
 scientific or literary attainments are ascribed to Featherstone 
 Osler, but the two striking qualities of initiative and endurance, 
 qualities more in keeping with the part he was to play, are to be 
 seen in every turn of his active life. These qualities, essentially 
 those of the adventurer, took him far afield. Ordained deacon by 
 
 the Bishop of London, he was anticipating marriage and a com- 
 
 fortable existence in an English parish when the appeal of the — 4 
 foreign missions was brought directly home to him. Back of the 
 missionary spirit, whose ears turned readily to the call, was pos- 
 sibly the sailor’s will to far-adventure. The woman he was about 
 to marry made easier the eventful decision, and in 1837, this, the 
 most practical representative of the family, landed in Canada to 
 take a prominent part in the missionary work of the upper prov- 
 ince. (Appendix III, IV). 7 
 Twenty years of pioneer work ensued; twenty years of far 
 riding and constructive activities in the enormous area of his mis- 
 sion field, (Fig. 7); twenty years in which the growth and educa- 
 tion of a large family was watched with an unusual degree of 
 care. Important to a degree and far-reaching in its results is the 
 fact that teaching was an atmosphere of the household; six of the 
 assistants in the mission received their theology and instruction 
 at the rough-built parsonage and were later ordained by Bishop 
 Strachan. One must realize that the little country parsonage was 
 a well developed school of Anglican theology. (Fig. 8). | 
 The family was well established and the early hardships over 
 
 
 
EARLY Lire oF SiR WILLIAM OsSLER—GWyYN 113 
 
 t: 
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 nus tes 
 
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 xin ri ye : | BY 
 
 ate oe oo : EDWARD OSLER, Esq. 
 
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 of deat FROM THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS 
 
 and a8 | 
 pelt 
 
 Backt | | 
 all, ee. LONDON: | 
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 a7 i | PRINTED BY W, NICOL, CLEVELAND-ROW, ST. JAMES'S. 
 
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 ld: 8! Fra. 1.—Title page of “ Burrowing and Boring Marine Animals,”’ 
 by Edward Osler 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 114 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 THE GE k 
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 ADMIRAL VISCOUNT EXMOUTH. 
 
 
 
 By EDWARD OSLER, Esa. 
 
 enn A} 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fe 2 "peara of Mr. Oster, oF gan. ConNwALL 
 ape ak —We. rogret to have: te bi vert 
 he eat Mr. award Osler, wo for more 
 | ' a ' Bdibor of the Cornwall Gazette je alee was ea 
 ie jove, a native of Cornwall, and 
 | was amount of curious rihaderes 4 in Ba 9 both 
 } 
 
 mueh of 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 
 
 SMITH, ELDER AND CO., CORNHUILE, 
 | BOOKSELLERS TO THEIR MAJESTIES. 
 
 
 
 1835. 
 
 Fig. 2.—Title page of ‘The life of Admiral Viscount Exmouth, ” 
 by Edward Osler. 
 
 
 
 
 
EarRLy Lire or Str WiLuiAM OsLer—(C tWYN 
 
 CHURCH AND KING. 
 
 COMPRISING 
 
 I. 
 THE CHURCH AND DISSENT, 
 
 CONSIDERED IN THEIR PRACTICAL INFLUENCE, SHEWING THE CONNFXION 
 OF CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY WITH THE CHURCH; AND THE 
 IDENTITY OF THE VOLUNTARY PRINCIPLE WITH DEMOCRACY. 
 
 Il, 
 THE CHURCH ESTABLISHED ON THE BIBLE; 
 
 UR, THE DOCTRINES AND DISCIPLINE OF THE CHURCH SHEWN IN THE 
 ORDER AND CONNEXION OF THE YEARLY SERVICES APPOINTED 
 FROM THE SCRIPTURES, 
 
 III. 
 
 THE CATECHISM, EXPLAINED AND ILLUSTRATED, 
 IN CONNEXION WITH THESE APPOINTED SERVICES. 
 
 IV. 
 
 PSALMS AND HYMNS ON THE SERVICES AND RITES OF 
 THE CHURCH. 
 
 ts ee 
 
 BY EDWARD OSLER, 
 
 FORMERLY ONE OF THE SURGEONS TO THE SWANSEA INFIRMARY. 
 
 
 
 LONDON: 
 PUBLISHED BY SMITH, ELDER AND CO., CORNHILL. 
 
 1837. 
 
 ia, 3.—Title page of “Church and King.” 
 
 115 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 ae ST 
 
 N 
 
 7 ~ b= 1 rr‘, 
 Earty Lire oF Sir WILLIAM OsLER—GwWwy 
 
 116 
 
 
 
 SN PS SUE TS IS 5 PES OT BaF RT GFE OE TIAL IE, Ete 
 
 Fig. 4.—Reproduction from Edward Osler’s ‘Burrowing and Boring 
 
 Marine Animals.’’ 
 
 Plate 
 
 ) 
 
 Part II 
 
 Philosophical Transactions, 1826, 116, 
 
 iV. 
 
 x 
 
 Osler. Fee. 
 
 E 
 } 
 
 E. 
 
 From the author’s own drawings and inscribed 
 
 
 
 
 
EARLY LIFE oF Str WILLIAM OsLER—Gwywn 117 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fra. 5.—Reproduction from Edward Osler’s ‘‘ Burrowing and Boring 
 Marine Animals.” Philosophical Transactions 1826, Plate II, plate xv. 
 
 From thé author’s own drawings and inscribed E. Osler. Fec. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 : a ia 
 Earty Lire oF Sir WILLIAM OsLER—GWYN 
 
 118 
 
 at ye FG SESS OS Pe Ee ee 
 
 
 
 i RE ES 
 
 3 
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 An 
 
 the 
 
 from Observations on 
 
 Fia. 6.—‘‘Reproduction 
 
 Habits of Marine Testaceous 
 
 feeding. 
 
 Es 
 
 itomy and 
 
 illustrative of their mode of 
 
 ,] 
 
 Communicated by L. W. 
 
 Philcsophical Transactions 
 
 ‘ 
 < 
 
 Molluse 
 
 Esq. 
 
 ) 
 
 Dillwyn, 
 vol. 122 
 
 32; 
 
 . 
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 18 
 
 32. 
 
 . 
 ? 
 
 By Edward Osler 
 
 q;, FRB, dune 21, 18 
 
 Part I, plate xiv, p. 4£8.” 
 
 Osler. Fee. 
 
 E. 
 
 From the author’s own drawing and inscribed 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
eee 
 
 — 
 
 ‘HUM of 
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 WESTIN << 
 
 
 
 Fig. 7.—The district north of Toronto to which Sir William’s father first came. 
 The route of Yonge Street, a military road, is only roughly sketched. Dundas is 
 not shown in the map, it lies 45 miles south-west of Toronto directly off the end of 
 Lake Ontario. Featherstone Osler’s charge extended south to Aurora which lay half 
 way between Bond Head and Toronto, northward it reached the Georgian Bay shores 
 Which are shown in the map, while westward it stretched over to the shores of 
 Lake Huron. This mission field covered roughly 1,000 square miles. The present 
 road from Toronto to Holland Landing was planned through by Sir George Yonge, 
 who was secretary of war in 1791, in order to help make communication through to 
 Georgian Bay and Lake Huron by way of Lake Simcoe. At the top of Lake Simcoe, 
 trails went westward toward a district marked with a circle where lies a small stream, 
 Coldwater, and Bass Lake with its outlet North River, both running to Georgian 
 Bay. In some of the old maps this stretch o? trail, five miles in length, from Lake 
 Couchiching (the head of Lake Simcoe) to Bass Lake is called Yonge Street. When 
 the Reverend F. L. Osler came to these districts the colonization roads were in 
 existence though extremely rough, the old trail from Barrie to the Nottawasaga River 
 was in use till the railways came through in 1853. 
 
 l. Portage from Humber to Holland River. 
 2. Portage from Lake Simcoe to Nottawasaga River. 
 3. Penetang on Georgian Bay. 
 
 4. Bass Lake, North River, Coldwater Area. 
 5 Weston, 12 miles west of Toronto. 
 
 119 
 
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 ! Fia 8.—The parsonage at Bondhead. From a drawing by a playmate of the elder 
 children, (the property of the late Justice Featherstone Osler). 
 
 
 
EARLY LIFE OF SiR WILLIAM OsLER—GWYN 121 
 
 when Sir William, the ninth and youngest child, was born at the 
 Bond Head parsonage, on July the twelfth, 1849, (Fig. 9), “in the 
 best of all environments” as he was wont to call it. Here were 
 spent the first eight years of his life under conditions ideal for the 
 development of a young body and character, conditions framed by 
 two far-seeing parents alive to the future’s needs, and strong set in 
 a foundation of good example. Knowing the family characteristics 
 one can and in fact must surmise the early training, for this period 
 of Sir William’s life passes without written record; one recognizes 
 that the busy existence of the parents and their essentially limited 
 means precluded a diary of a child’s life or the taking of innumer- 
 able photographs; in these early days of the family development 
 the acquiring of habits of cheerfulness, obedience and trustworthi- 
 ness was considered the vital part of training and education. 
 
 One phase of this Bond Head existence must be touched 
 upon,—a phase of more than usual interest as concerns the evolu- 
 tion of two of the best marked qualities of Sir William’s character, 
 —his tolerance and breadth of mind. Born in an Orange com- 
 munity on July twelfth, he was held up to view as the “little 
 Prince of Orange” in the arms of a sternly Protestant father to 
 the processions of local Orange societies; a line of an acrostic writ- 
 ten by the local doctor reflects the tone of the district (Fig. 10); 
 even later in Dundas he breathed an atmosphere strongly anti- 
 papal. To have preserved through these young years a mind un- 
 biased, untouched by the bitterness of the religious discussions 
 about him, can only be considered as unusual to a degree. The 
 ultra-ritualistie teachings of Johnson, heard and received later, 
 found in Osler but little soil for their permanent growth. Toa 
 nature such as his, the kindly breadth and tolerance of the Religio 
 Medici, in his hands from the early Weston days, would come as a 
 message direct. 
 
 As of minor and more purely sentimental interest may be 
 exhibited the homelike group photograph, taken with brothers, 
 sisters and playmates, the only picture we possess of Sir William 
 as a child. (Fig. 11). 
 
 The twenty years of achievement in the mission field had their 
 reward, and in 1857, in Sir William’s ninth year, his father moved 
 to Dundas, into the charge of the three flourishing parishes of Dun- 
 das, Ancaster and Flamborough. As a result of this move the boys 
 of the family came under the eyes and hands of King and McKee, 
 
 
 
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 Fic. 9.—Certificate of Sir William’s baptism. Note the handwriting and the signature, 
 “Osler.”” Note also, six lines above “Osler,”’ the name of Banting—father of Banting of insulin 
 fame—an unusual acquirement for one page of any parish register. 
 
 
 
EARLY LIFE OF SIR WILLIAM OsLER—Gwyn [2: 
 
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 Fic. 10.—An acrostic by J. Orlando Orr, M.D., who was present at the 
 birth of Sir William. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 art 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fic. 11.—A family group showing Sir William Osler as a child of 
 him are three of his brothers, 
 
 Nellie (the late Mrs. Williamson), Charlotte (the late Mrs. H. C. Gwyn). 
 
 seven. He stands at the extreme left. Next 
 F. Osler, of London, England, the late Sir Edmund Osler, the late Edward Osler, 
 
 The five figures to the right are the family 
 their neighbours, the Gavillers. 
 
 
 
 Vol 
 
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EaRLy LIFE OF Str WILLIAM OSLER—GWYN 125 
 
 heads of the justly celebrated grammar school in Dundas. Early 
 teachings continued and amplified, prepared here a rich classical 
 soil in which the later instructions by Checkley* at Barrie and by 
 Johnson at Weston must have the easier taken root; from this time 
 on one can speak with more certainty of Sir William’s early days 
 and development, a settled social existence superseded the rougher 
 Bond Head life; the rectory in Dundas became the typical quiet 
 English home, “a gardener’s pride”’ in its surroundings and pro- 
 ductivity. 
 
 Seven singularly happy years were spent by Sir William as a 
 child in Dundas, and later at school in Barrie, years (with reserva- 
 tionst) of steady application to school and home duties, years of 
 hearty boyish activities still remembered by a surviving few, 
 years marked not so much by the accumulation of rewards for 
 proficiency, as by the acquiring of numerous friendships and inter- 
 ests, which came readily to his straightforward and sunny nature. 
 In this connection it must be said that though the personal recol- 
 lections of this period are plentiful, written records do not exist in 
 any great number, for, living at home, there was no occasion for a 
 correspondence. No evidence is’at hand of any prodigious per- 
 formances which might have indicated the part he was to play in 
 the world’s work. ‘A light-hearted boy, but with many of the 
 tastes and much of the dependableness of a man”’, is the descrip- 
 tion given of the Osler of that time by an English relative who was 
 spending some months in the now well-established household at 
 Dundas. 
 
 It was then with these inheritances thus briefly sketched, 
 
 *Checkley was an intimate of Johnson, the inspiring leader, whom Osler 
 was soon to meet; the frequent references in Sir William’s early writings to 
 the minute animal life in the waters near Barrie make one entertain the 
 thought that the first steps in natural history may have been taken at the time 
 of Osler’s second school period at Barrie, Ontario. 
 
 +One reservation was the expulsion from the school at Dundas, resulting 
 in the transfer to the Checkley school at Barrie. The real underlying cause 
 was probably the old story of the Established church versus dissent. 
 
 (a) Extract from the Dundas True Banner, June 9th, 1864: 
 
 “That against your son was that he, when passing to the school, 
 put his mouth to the keyhole of the door and called out contemptu- 
 ously, ‘Come out, old McKee,” with other disparaging terms. 
 
 (b) Extract from letter from Featherstone Osler, June 2nd: 
 
 “As to sending my son back to school, I would never disgrace a 
 child of mine so much as to place him under the jurisdiction of 
 men capable of acting as the majority of the Dundas Board of 
 Trustees have done.” (Signed) Featherstone Osler. tae 
 tStatement of Miss Jeanette Osler, cousin of Sir William and living in 
 the house at Dundas at this time. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 126 Fariy Lire or Sir WILLIAM OsLER—GWYN 
 
 with a sterling training and with a thorough classical schooling, 
 that the lad William Osler, well endowed with qualities of unusual 
 attractiveness, put foot on the great high-way; waiting to receive 
 him was the compelling influence of his life, ‘ Johnson, priest of the 
 parish of Weston.”’ 
 
 Il. THe MAN AND THE OPPORTUNITY 
 
 In “A Way of Life”* Sir William Osler refers to Samuel 
 Johnson’s remark upon the trifling circumstances by which men’s 
 lives are influenced; he himself was diverted, he says, to the 
 Trinity College School at Weston, and his whole life changed, by 
 a paragraph in a circular stating that “the senior boys would go 
 into the drawing-room in the evenings to learn to sing and dance.” + 
 Familiar and humorous as this sounds to those of us who knew his 
 methods, it is probably true, for letters from his mother at this 
 time speak of the music lessons and their cost. (Appendix V). 
 By this incident, incredible as it may seem, the student met the 
 master, the man and the opportunity came together. 
 
 The opportunity was his coming at this time under the in- 
 fluence of Johnson, (Fig. 12a), ““a man of the ‘White of Selbourne’ 
 type, who knew Nature and who knew how to get the boys inter- 
 ested in her”; self-taught since his school days, a soldier-immi- 
 erant with his father to the rough Lake Erie shores where began the 
 attainment to his ideals (a life and work in the church), Johnson 
 was a scholar and naturalist of a type unknown in that part of the 
 world; his life, his work, his portrait, indicate the source of many 
 of the Osler habits of mind; he became at once the great influence 
 of Sir William’s early life, and from him were acquired the begin- 
 nings of that familiarity with the master-minds of earlier times, sO 
 apparent in the writings and conversation of the Osler of later 
 days, as well as a remarkable acquaintance with natural history 
 and its fascinating microscopical side. (Fig. 12b). 
 
 Earlier in this sketch is made the statement “that the chance 
 which placed a boy with Osler’s natural gifts and qualities under 
 the influences of Johnson, Bovell and a group of natural scientists 
 was a coincidence directed by a very special fate.’’ Few coinci- 
 dences have had more lasting and striking results; Johnson, when 
 we first hear of him a boy of eighteen, schooled at Twickenham, 
 
 * An address to the Yale students, April 20, 1913. 
 
 TA Johnson speaks of this circular in an account of the School writ- 
 ten for the Trinity College School Record, Jubilee Number, 1915. 
 
 
 
EARLY LIFE OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER—GWYN 127 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fig. 12a.—Rev. W. A. Johnson, ‘‘Priest of 
 the Parish of Weston.’’ 
 
 sy SWS Cyoecdite ebale grr Y 
 
 ene Gruce mee by Ir. OrG~, 
 
 Fig. 12b.—Photograph of pages of Johnson ’s catalogue showing entries 
 of specimens from Bovell, and from Osler while yet a student (aet. 18): 
 The specimens and cabinet are now in the Academy of Medicine, Toronto. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 128 Earuy LiIrE OF SIR WILLIAM OsLER—GWYN 
 
 and holding a commission in a cavalry regiment, was that unusual 
 and attractive combination of a soldier and a student; somewhere 
 in the school and army life a love of natural history had been 
 acquired and developed, and amongst his personal effects when 
 landing from a sail boat on the uncleared north Lake Erie shore in 
 1832, was a microscope, well-used. ‘To an iron will and persever- 
 ance, such a handicap as the lack of a university training made but 
 little difference, and the education at the hands of an artistic and 
 practical father* (an intimate of the great Turner) probably made 
 good many deficiencies, so that in his later years Johnson is found 
 an earnest student of the natural sciences, a man well grounded 
 in the classics, and a priest of the Anglican church. To his efforts 
 was due the founding of the school at Weston, now Trinity College 
 School, Port Hope, a school which was to prepare the student for 
 the faculty of divinity at Trinity University, and in his person we 
 see one of those remarkable teachers with the capacity for a per- 
 sonal intimacy with their students and with the ability to enthuse 
 and inspire the younger mind. From the moment that Osler 
 crossed the Johnson threshold his kingship was assured; one of the 
 most receptive young minds of the day, and one destined to be 
 perhaps the most advanced, had been placed under the influence 
 and care of a king-maker of the highest and noblest type. 
 Entering Johnson’s school at Weston (Fig. 13), in January, 
 1866, Sir William spent nearly two years in what must have been 
 most exceptional surroundings, for an oasis in which ‘the old hu- 
 manities flourished with the new. sciences,’’ where the presiding 
 genius was Johnson, and where had settled the softened atmos- 
 phere of an English public school, was not to be expected in the 
 desert of the upper province of those days. (Figs. 14, 15). 
 Closely in touch with the school, its boys and its masters, 
 enthusiastic co-worker with Johnson in natural sciences, was 
 another oncoming influence, James Bovell. Remote from the 
 larger centres of educational thought and action, Sir William as 
 
 *The elder Johnson, who came to Canada in 1832 with his son, W. A. 
 Johnson, Osler’s teacher, had been a Colonel of the Engineers and aide-de- 
 camp to the Duke of Wellington. In their belongings brought with them to 
 Canada was everything that might be needed in a new country. Builder and 
 architect, he was a wood-worker as well, and in his houses, built eighty years 
 ago, much of the wood work was his own and still exists. W. A. Johnson 
 was no less apt; a visit to St. John’s Church at Weston and an inspection of 
 ee gions in wood-turning is a revelation, every bench in the church is his 
 1andiwork. 
 
 
 
ole ‘ om 
 Hall cia hh 
 
 
 
 Fic. 13.—THE ScHooL AT WESTON WITH THE CHAPEL AS ORIGINALLY PLANNED AND BUILT BY JOHNSON. 129 
 From an old blue-print in the possession of the late Jukes Johnson. 
 
 
 
S\Rc bate Sees SK els 
 
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 Sane 
 
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 t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 130 Far.Ly Lire oF Sir WILLIAM OsLER—GWYN 
 
 Trinity College School, 2eston, 
 
 
 
 VISITORS. 
 
 TMK HON. AND RIGHT REV. THE LORD BISHOP OF TORORTA 
 THE RIGUT REV THE LORD BISUOP OF ONTARIO. 
 
 
 
 GOVERNING BODY. 
 Ex-officio Members. 
 Tus Wox J. H. Cameron, QC., D.C.L., Chancellor of the Uni- 
 versily. 
 Tue Rev. Tuk Provost or Trinity CoLLece. 
 Tue Rev. Joun Ambery, M.A., Professor of Classics. 
 Tne Rev. Witttam Jones, M.A., Professor of Mathematics, 
 James Bovett, M.D., Professor of Natural Theology _ 
 Tne Rev. C. H. Baverey, B.A., Mead Master of the School. 
 Elected Members. 
 Tue Rev. W. A. Jousxson. 
 Tur Vex. A. N. Betuunr, D D., D.C.L., Archdeacos of Toronto. 
 Tne Rev. fT. B. Futter. DD., DCL. 
 Tue Rev. J G.Gevvrs, M A. 
 Tuc Hox. G. W Annan, M.L.C 
 C. J. Camppbe cy, Ese 
 
 THE MASTERS 
 Llead Masier. 
 Tue Ret.-C. H. Baverey, B.A., Queen's College, Oxford 
 Assistant Masters. 
 
 ~ A. Mare sq .B.A.. Trinity College, Toronto, ( Slathematits) 
 eek W. A. Jounxson ( french and Drawing). 
 In. Serton (Singing) 
 
 Cartais Gouopy; IN (Fencing ond Drill ) 
 
 COURSE OF INSTRUCTION 
 Se Course of Tnstruction weludes all the nsual 
 nm ‘ 3 
 oii sofa somnd edueation in Classics, Mathematics, 
 “Mh: Sta. 
 * Frouch, Drowing, Veeul Music, and Drill. 
 
 SCHOOL LISTS. 
 
 From May 1, 1866, vo May 1, 1867 
 
 Entered. 
 Johnson, Arthur Jukes (Prefect). May J, 1865 
 Johnson, James Bovell, ss “ 
 Johnson, Andrew William, oo 
 Price, Arthur Hemiiton Harvey, 
 Whitney, Forbes, suas 
 Jukes, Arthur Elias, Sept. 9, 
 Helliwel!, Frederick John (Prefect), 
 TTelliwell, Robert Anderson, Se Sin et 
 Greey, Jobn, “ 
 Fraser, John Williams. vcr QO. 86 
 Darling, Frank, Oct. 18, 
 Merritt, William Hamilton, ec OG). se 
 McCuaig, Augustus, £6) seh “pet 
 Holland, Arthur, * Oi. °* 
 Jones, Lonis Kossuth, 5 °S0- 3 
 Perry, Peter, Jan. 10, 1866. 
 Boulton, Henry Rudyerd, dees Y aaa 
 Fraser, Frederick, ay Sa 
 Webb, Vere, CS Aa 
 Osler, William (Prefect), ow 
 Wilson, Robert. Feb. 17, 
 Anderson, Roderick McKenzie, April 20,“ 
 Anderson, William, Re oc 
 Anderson, Robert, iat Paal cits 
 Vankoughnet, Matthew Scott, ae Zh 
 Campbell, Henry James, Ta 
 Groves; Thomas Dent, “OR 
 Egleston, John Phineas, Tan ee 
 Bead, Tiomas William, ae ia BE 
 Ruad, William NoKay, Re gare ay, rile 
 Greenham, Robert Carr, June 7, 
 Greenham, Wilfred Henry, tee ons 
 
 
 
 Divinity ..es. 0 seeeeeee (Upper School) —Wilson. 
 $6 sesassevss ssosevees ( Extra: Prize )—Osler.* 
 
 eeeee 
 
 We Mapepunnatiienrnenn . (Lower School) —Campbell. 
 Geometry ........... solisdiatead soakse echeaseenanees aan 
 Greek Grammar......... (Upper School)—Fraser, 4. 
 
 cr (Lower School )—Fraser, ™z. 
 
 Latin Grammar ......- cee coreeee cesses ever Campbell. 
 Latin Composition ...... «+ ereer cesses seseeeees WilSOD, 
 
 Ural sth mee 
 
 French 
 French... (Upper School) 
 & osorcoe « (DRiddTe soa Trinity College 
 aS hears (Lower School) 
 Reading. .. (Upper School) ) By . 
 ae (Lower School) ( F ay. Cumberland, E24. 
 
 A prize is offered by the Rev. Professor Amber; for 
 the best collection Geological, Lotanical or 
 
 
 
 
 
 year. 
 
 The Chancellor's Prize will be away ed to the Head 
 Boy of the School, acc ording to the 
 summer Examination. 
 
 Professor of Classics. 
 
 Fia. 14.—-School details. 
 
 
 
EARLY LIFE oF SiR WILLIAM OSLER—GWYN 131 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fig. 15.—Osler as prefect at Weston. 
 
 ‘epraaedl fey 
 
 SLY fe or Keyan Cine 
 ip Gane A OY 
 Ae thyur Paving * 
 Wella a Otay 
 t €azecs Mh etatcild Spied 
 ay CFs Fn, 
 
 SEE 
 
 Tin 
 4 
 
 Bye 
 a 
 e 
 bc 
 
 A) ohe-oy ? 
 
 ae Sade feputle 
 Ot CL. tana 
 
 
 
 Fig. 16.—Entry at Trinity. From the register. 
 
 
 
edede Tae es tees A eh 
 
 EES STS 
 
 a Ba 5S ae ee ie 
 
 +i 
 : 
 
 
 
 ite Date tian 2s Semis De et se ee ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bac FarLy LIFE OF SIR WILLIAM OsSLER—GWYN 
 
 a child was thus nevertheless under the direct guidance of two 
 of the most inspired men of his time, and as one result of this is 
 
 seen the quiet development of his interest in the natural sciences 
 
 and in zoology, an interest, some details of which can be seen 
 
 in his early contributions to natural history,* in his many 
 references to veterinary medicine, and in the many specimens we 
 find in the Johnson collections now in the Academy of Medicine 
 
 in Toronto.} 
 The exceptional opportunity must have developed the excep- 
 
 tional man along all lines, for the reminiscences of his companions 
 deal with many different qualities, ‘companionable, affectionate, 
 in touch with all the surrounding interests, fearless in a remark- 
 able degree, up to any prank,{ (appendix VI), good, though not 
 
 * Canadian Diatomacee, by William Osler, of the Toronto School of Medi- 
 cine. Canadian Naturalist, 1870. 
 
 + From Canadian Fresh-W ater Polyzoa, by William Osler, Canadian Nat- 
 uralist, 1883, p. 401-402. 
 
 erie 5 “My attention was early directed to this form as it exists in 
 
 extraordinary profusion in the Desjardin canal, which leads from Burlington 
 Bay to my native town Dundas. The wooden sides of the canal basin in the 
 months of July and August are almost uniformly covered with this magnifi- 
 cent species. The growth begins about one and one-half to two feet below 
 the surface and extends in depth for the same distance or even further, rarely, 
 however deeper than six feet. 
 
 Later In the summer of 1867, during a visit of my friend, the Rev. 
 W. A. Johnson, of Weston, I showed him the masses, and we agreed to subject 
 them to examination with the microscope, not having any idea as to their real 
 nature. Judge of our delight when we found the whole surface of the jelly 
 was composed of a collection of tiny animals of surpassing beauty, each of 
 which thrust out to our view in the zoophyte trough a crescent-shaped crown 
 of tentacles. Recognizing it as a polyp we were greatly exercised as to its 
 position, presenting as it did in the method of growth, such variation from the 
 ordinary species described in our zoological text books. Happily in the 
 American Naturalist for that year we met with Mr. Alpheus Hyatt’s paper on 
 the Fresh-Water Polyzoa, then in course of publication, and obtained full infor- 
 mation therefrom. On examining the surface of a mass of Pectinatella the 
 polyps are seen to be arranged, as seen in the spirit preparation, in close 
 areolae, which being crowded and compressed_ together, often assume hexa- 
 gonal outlines........ In the still quiet water in the marsh on either side of 
 Desjardin canal, just before it passes through the Burlington Heights, 1 have 
 met with masses which would not go into a pail. The largest I have ever seen 
 lay at the bottom in about nine feet of water. I could hardly believe it was 4 
 mass of polyps, but, to satisfy my curiosity, I stripped and went in for it. 
 With the greatest difficulty I brought it up in my arms, but could not get it out 
 of the water for the weight, which must have been close upon twenty-five 
 lbs. It resembled in form one of those beautiful masses known as brain 
 OBTR oy coer ws 
 
 {In the Toronto dailies of a few days previous to the date on the letter 
 from his mother to which the figure refers had appeared the details of a police- 
 court trial at which Sir William and severa! school-mates had been the de- 
 fendants. An attempt to precipitate the eviction from the dormitory of a dis- 
 charged caretaker and her daughter was the cause of the action. The boys 
 were fined and admonished.—The Leader, April 10th, 11th, 1866. 
 
 
 
EARLY LIFE oF Srrk WILLIAM OsLER—Gwyn 133 
 
 brilliant, at sports and studies,’”’ are amongst his many attri- 
 butes; prefect and head boy in the growing school, he was con- 
 sidered an influence always for good, and his continued presence 
 in the school is said to have been asked for.* Noteworthy is the 
 fact, however, that nowhere amongst the details of this wonder- 
 ful part of the Osler life is heard a whisper of his ideals or ideas: 
 then, as in his later life, he was well content to be judged by per- 
 formance rather than words. 
 
 III. ADOLESCENCE 
 
 Away from the home in Dundas and at school, it is to be ex- 
 pected that correspondence would begin at this period; few, if any, 
 of his own letters of these days are available for reference. Reti- 
 cent as to his own thoughts and ideas, little was ever expressed 
 in his letters apart from the cheery, regular detail of the day’s 
 work, (the keeping of the ninth child’s school-boy epistles might 
 well be excused a busy mother); the boy at Weston, however, had 
 realized early that instructions from the home in Dundas in the 
 handwriting of a little, positive, woman were not only valuable 
 possessions and to be preserved, but would stand for rules of 
 guidance for all time; his early training, largely a matter of con- 
 jecture till now, is shown in its application by these letters of his 
 mother (Appendix, V, VI, VII, VIII); quite apparent is the fact 
 that even the “Benjamin” was not to be indulged.t| What 
 may have been in some of Osler’s communications to his parents 
 at this time regarding his next step in life is not known, one 
 letter (Appendix IX), addressed to him at Weston shows that 
 the priesthood had been made his first choice of a calling, and in 
 the fall of 1867 Osler left Weston for Trinity University, entering 
 as a student in the academic department (Fig. 16), preparatory 
 to taking up the studies in divinity towards which his father’s 
 career and the intimacy with Johnson had evidently directed him. 
 
 To just what extent Johnson would have willingly influenced a 
 lad’s choice of his life’s work is uncertain. The example daily set 
 by him before the boys had probably more to do with the step in 
 question than had any deliberate suasion, and it is to be remem- 
 bered that the connection between the school and the university 
 
 *Statement of Miss Jeanette Osler. 
 
 + Many letters to Sir William from his mother begin with the greeting, 
 “My Benjamin.” 
 
 
 
 
 
PR Se ee ates Se TEE et ime + 
 
 Oe a ee ee et 
 
 
 
 
 
 ~ T re , Pe 
 134 Earzuy LIFE OF SIR WILLIAM OsLER—GWYN 
 
 was defined and close, the one preparing for the other; Bovell, 
 Badgley, Ambery, professors of Trinity, are spoken of as amongst 
 the real founders of the Weston school; all were deeply interested 
 ‘n natural science, all were, or became, clerics; to the young man 
 entrusted to their care, steeped in churchly traditions, persuaded 
 of the range of a churchman’s abilities by the accomplishments of 
 a father and uncles, the association of the sciences with theology 
 must have seemed a very natural one, and one the more to be 
 thought of, because his next creat inspiration, James Bovell, (Fig. 
 18), is clearly seen before him, teaching the most advanced and 
 attractive science of the day and at the same time preparing for 
 the spiritual life of his later years. 
 
 Of his progress in theology at the university we know noth- 
 ing; the effect of this churchly and classical teaching is seen, how- 
 ever in all his writings and in his attitude to all matters ecclesias- 
 tical; but whether at Weston or at the divinity classes of Trinity 
 it is evident that from the wonderful influence of Johnson and 
 Bovell the young Osler never escaped; born naturalists, the trio 
 scoured the countryside together, adding usually to Johnson's 
 erowing collection. It was these zoological expeditions which 
 made most impression upon the family memory, and Johnson was 
 ‘n the habit of visiting his former pupil to assist in the explora- 
 tions of the Dundas Marsh (Fig. 17) and other treasure-troves. 
 The intimacy of the association with these two teachers and guides, 
 an intimacy perhaps only possible to three such natures, explains 
 best the subsequent course of Osler’s life. 
 
 It was, however, the development of a new concentration 
 of personal influence and directing that was the main feature 
 of the life at Trinity. Bovell, the visitor and physician to 
 the Weston school and co-worker with Johnson in the sciences, 
 was at Trinity as the professor of Physiology and Chemistry, 
 and was the giver of lectures on “Physiology in its relation 
 to natural theology”; as is well known he had helped to 
 organize and unite to Trinity the Upper Canada Medical School, 
 becoming later attached to the Toronto faculty; Sir William, 
 already under his eye as a boy and as one interested in natural 
 history became his student in a university where the small classes 
 allowed an unusual degree of personal contact between the pupil 
 and the teacher. This contact, in Osler’s case, soon developed 
 into an affectionate intimacy, and in these years the boy lived al- 
 
 
 

 
 — 
 
 ‘syyBIey] uoySuTANG ey} UToI] ‘ysIVUI SepuNnq xy]— LT “lq 
 
 _ 
 uy 
 as 
 
 ** 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 136 EARLY LIFE OF Sir WILLIAM OsLER—GWYN 
 
 most as the son of the Bovell household, where, in the master’s 
 freer moments, the wonders of natural history, and particularly 
 its relations to man and the creator were further followed and dis- 
 cussed; hardly to be wondered at, is the discovery that the favour- 
 ite and talented pupil was seen acting as demonstrator and in- 
 tructor to his classmates in the teacher’s frequent absences,* and 
 G+ William may be said to have begun his teaching career whilst 
 only just emerging from his boyhood. (Appendix X). 
 
 Bovell at this time stood as Saul amongst his brethren in his 
 intellectual capacity ; practitioner, consultant, co-operator in the 
 founding of one medical school, editor of the first medical journal 
 to be published in the province,t he was as stated above, the occu- 
 pant of the chair in physiology and chemistry (appendix XI) at 
 the new Anglican university of Trinity and held at the same time © 
 the professorship of the Institutes of Medicine at the Toronto 
 School. No one man in the Upper province had contributed 
 more to the sciences (appendix XII), (Figs. 19, 20), and no one at 
 that time had thought of or been capable of producing as scientific 
 productions such volumes as, “Passing thoughts on man’s re- 
 lation to God” and “Outlines of Natural Theology, ” text-books of 
 many pages, in which Darwinism is actively opposed; the title of 
 his lectureship at Trinity, “Physiology in its relation to Natural 
 Theology” may be taken as indicating that he was the church’s 
 spokesman against the newer ideas. The ‘Outlines of Natural 
 Theology,” (Nature as created by God), shows Bovell to have hada 
 far-reaching knowledge of all the natural sciences; clearly evident 
 from these and other contributions (Appendix XIII) are his many 
 strong religious convictions, and the effect of the accumulation 
 of these is seen in his giving up all his medical associations in the 
 year 1870 and entering the church; interesting is the fact that at 
 the time of these growing convictions on the part of the master, 
 Osler was most directly under his care and guidance. 
 
 _ _ *Bovell’s absentmindedness was notorious, and he frequently defaulted 
 in his appointments; according to an old student, Canon Green, of Toronto, the 
 appearance of Osler at the side door of Bovell’s classroom often meant the 
 cessation of lectures for the day, some new find in the Humber or the Don was 
 the usual excuse. 
 
 + The Upper Canada Medical Gazette. 
 
 { Trinity University was incorporated by the Anglicans, in 1851, as a pro: 
 test against the taking over by the government of King’s College; an act 0 
 the year 1850 reconstituted King’s College into the University of Toronto, 
 
 cee the faculty of divinity and forbade the use of the Anglican church 
 ritual, 
 

 
 137 
 
 ({WYN 
 
 oF Str WILLIAM OSLER- 
 
 y 
 4 
 
 ARLY LIFE 
 
 i 
 4 
 
 
 
 18.—James Bovell. 
 
 Fia. 
 

 
 
 
 ——— 
 
 THE ANATOMY OF THE LEECH. pH 
 
 NOTES ON SOME POINTS IN THE ANATOMY OF 
 THE LEECH. 
 BY JAMES BOVELL, M.D. 
 PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE, TRINITY COLLEGE, TORONTO. 
 Read before the Canadian Institute, December 15h, 1855. 
 
 Dugés, Home, Jones, and other distinguished anatomists, in their 
 descriptions of the structure of the Leech have assigned to certain 
 highly developed parts in this Annelid, functions which it was by no 
 means clear to many more recent observers, could legitimately be 
 performed by them. It was reserved, however, for Dr. Williams, of 
 Swansea, a highly distinguished comparative anatomist, to unrayel the 
 mystery, aud to furnish proof of the errors into which his predeces- 
 sors had fallen. 
 
 The existence of an elaborate circulating system seemed to necess- 
 itate an rating one equally developed in character ; but spiral ves- 
 sels, on the type of insecta, no where being seen, the vascular- 
 walled pouches, occupying the lateral regions of the body, seemed to 
 be the organs of respiration, supplied freely with blood by vascular 
 hearts. While many doubted the existence of 80 special an organi- 
 zation for respiration in this creature as was described, no one before 
 Dr. Williams had assigned them to the generative apparatus, and as I 
 believe that the observations which have been repeated here confivm 
 the results arrived at by the Naturalist of Swansea, J thought it of suf- 
 ficient interest to bring the subject before the Institute. I cannot, 
 however, agree with Dr Williams that the generative organs are 
 rightly described, even by himself. In order to understand the sub- 
 ject, as now unfolded to-us, it may be more advantageous to state the 
 opinion of one of the highest authorities. 
 
 Mr. Jones, in his “Animal Kingdom,” observes: “Two lateral 
 vessels are appropriated to the supply of the respiratory system, and 
 in them the blood moves in a cirele quite independent of that formed 
 by the dorsal artery and ventral vein, although they all communicate 
 freely by means of cross branches, those passing from the lateral ves- 
 sels to the dorsal being called by Dugés dorso-lateral while those 
 which join the lateral trunks to the ventral canal are the latero- 
 abdominal branches. The movement of the blood in the lateral or 
 respiratory system of vessels is quite distinct from that which is 
 accomplished in the dorso-ventral system or systemic. 
 
 On examining one of the respiratory pouches, its membranous 
 walls are seen to be covered with very fine vascular ramifications, 
 derived from two sources; the latero-abdominal vessel gives oft 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ht 
 i 
 i 
 ie 
 
 ———— 
 
 
 
 
 
 es en es See 
 
 138 Fic. 19.—Title page, ‘Anatomy of the Leech” 
 by James Bovell. 
 
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 139 
 
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 Anatomy of the Leech.”’ 
 
 “The 
 
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 Bees ee 
 
 Fic. 21.—Tools of the ‘Master Workman’s” trade: The microscopes used by Osler. The 
 middle one is Johnson’s microscope, through which Osler first “saw the light.’’ The small one 
 
 belongs to Dr. A. H. Walker, of Toronto,[formerly of Dundas; early scientific work was done with 
 this. ‘The one to the right was used by Osler after graduation. 
 
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 NAMD—UAISO WVITIM YI 40 
 
EARLY LIFE oF SIR WILLIAM OSLER—GWYN 141 
 
 Other stimulating conditions existed at Trinity and may be 
 briefly touched upon. Classics was in the hands of another leader 
 interested in Weston and its boys, one who could find time for an 
 instructive diversion. ‘The Ambery prize offered at Weston for 
 the best collection of geological, botanical or entymological speci- 
 mens speaks for the breadth of mind of this teacher of Latin and 
 Greek; as curator of a growing museum with Bovell* was asso- 
 ciated the Reverend C. J. S. Bethune, an enthusiast who well 
 remembers taking their favoured student Osler to the entymo- 
 logical gatherings, then a feature of the academic life, in the early 
 Trinity days.t It can have been no dry divinity that was handed 
 out to the eager young student by these devout dispensers. 
 
 The association with this earnestly working group of men had 
 far reaching but unlooked for effects. The natural sciences, a 
 diversion, certainly, in the lives of some of these, Sir William’s 
 teachers—became to him an absorbing interest, and the vision of 
 a life in the Church quietly faded, as his eyes and mind followed 
 the workings of Nature through the old Johnson microscope, or 
 through the newer instrument (Fig. 21) now entrusted to him in 
 the consulting room of his close friend, Dr. Holford Walker, of 
 Dundas. (Appendix XIV). The end of the term 1867-68 found 
 him debating the wisdom of the decisions that had started him 
 upon the. road followed by Johnson and Bovell, and the sugges- 
 tions made by a friend that he begin in medicine were listened to 
 and acted upon.{ Early in ’68 further work at Bovell’s house and 
 laboratory was commenced, work more in the line with the medical 
 studies now to be pursued, and entering the Toronto School of 
 Medicine, Sir William began those fifty-two years of uninterrupted 
 productive activities which have so materially influenced the medi- 
 cine of the world. 
 
 Accessible records of the old Toronto school do not seem to 
 exist. Old Trinity calendars show that from 1867 a degree in 
 
 *In all the early Trinity University announcements Bovell figures as the 
 curator of the museum. 
 
 +Personal communication from the Rey’d C. J. S. Bethune, one of the 
 successors of Johnson when the Weston school moved to Port Hope, and who 
 in his later years was the Entymologist at the Ontario Agricultural College. 
 
 tThe late A. Jukes Jobnson recalled that in the spring of 1868, while 
 walking with Osler, the question came up of Osler’s continuing in divinity. 
 Stopping to say their farewell on the corner where now stands the Academy of 
 Medicine of Toronto, he, Jukes Johnson, said, ‘‘ Willie, you are not meant for 
 divinity, why don’t you come back and work with us again at Bovell’s.”’ 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 142 Farty Lire or Sir WILLIAM OsLER—GWYN 
 
 medicine was granted to students who, amongst other require- 
 ments, had “‘kept three terms in the arts course of the university, 
 had attended the whole course of study and had passed the exami- 
 nations in the Toronto School of Medicine.”’ Bovell had joined 
 this school after the disruption of the Trinity Medical Faculty,* 
 and lectured in physiology and pathology up to his leaving Canada 
 in 1870. The reason for Sir William entering this, a proprietary 
 school of medicine, was apparent; he would still be at the feet of 
 the master. From 1866 to 1870 he was thus continually and more 
 or less directly under the guidance of Bovell. Unfortunately, 
 there are but shadowy memories to be recalled of these days; three 
 of the family were now in Toronto and much of the correspondence 
 would have taken place through them; the persistent study of 
 natural history continued, a well framed collection of insects was 
 made,t the elder sister was at times enthusiastically instructed 
 in microscopical animal life.{ More positive recollections on 
 the part of his preceptor’s daughter are recorded below. 
 
 In any analysis of Sir William’s life one may doubt if suffi- 
 cient consideration can be given to this period of his youth and 
 training. His association with Johnson and Bovell had put him 
 at once in touch with the best thought in natural history and its 
 connection with the religious ideas of the time; the great ques- 
 tions of evolution and of life, and the names associated therewith 
 were eagerly discussed.**. A notebook of Johnson’s relating to the 
 contents of his microscopic cabinet shows that the young Osler 
 contributed actively to this wonderful collection so beautifully 
 catalogued by the master, while the publications in the Canadian 
 Naturalist of the work done before Sir William arrived in Montreal 
 shows the result of inspiring teaching upon the keen initiative of 
 the student in a way that compels admiration. 
 
 In 1870 Sir William left Toronto for Montreal, the second 
 newly blazed trail in his young career. Concerning the reason 
 for this step many conjectures have been made, and a few definite 
 
 *Bovell’s association with Trinity at the time of Osler’s entry there, was 
 as teacher and instructor in the university, Trinity Medical faculty having 
 ceased to exist. The Toronto School of Medicine was now the stage of his 
 greater activities; he held the chair of the Institutes of Medicine in this school. 
 
 +Seen by the writer about 1890. The collection disappeared when the 
 Toronto home was broken up after the death of Sir William’s mother. 
 
 {Statement of the late Mrs. E. M. Williamson, Sir William’s elder sister. 
 
 **Statement of the late Arthur Jukes Johnson. Both ‘Johnson and 
 Bovell entered actively into such discussions. 
 
 
 
EARLY LIFE OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER—GWYN 143 
 
 facts stand out. Montreal was far away, but in 1829 the medical 
 faculty of McGill had become an established and permanent 
 organization. The Toronto school announced regularly that 
 ‘“Jectures correspond to the requirements of the medical faculty 
 of the university of McGill college, this school having been recog- 
 nized by that institution.’”’ MceGill’s curriculum was probably 
 known to the Toronto students; possibly through these channels, 
 possibly through conversation with McGill graduates, the keen 
 seeker for the best men and methods realized ‘‘that the hospital 
 facilities in Montreal were better’? for such is his father’s written 
 statement at the time. Bovell was going, was indeed gone; the 
 influence that to Osler had been the leading kindly hight for years 
 was no longer there to be looked to, the temptation towards 
 “better hospital facilities’? met now with no resistance. 
 
 Beyond this period of Sir William’s life I have hesitated to 
 proceed; others better versed in biographical descriptions have de- 
 tailed the progress of his later years in a variety of heart-felt 
 tributes. In one direction only do I feel that I may venture, and 
 in that solely from the accident of having lived in the various 
 places through which he had progressed, and of having known 
 intimately, though many years later, many of his earlier associ- 
 ates. An idea unique in its boldness came to him early, its 
 cultivation allowed his great accomplishments, its diffusion at his 
 hands has produced a remarkable succession of students, who, as 
 a result of his influence have vigorously assisted in the great for- 
 ward movement of the medicine of to-day. 
 
 IV. Tue IDEA AND ITS CULTIVATION 
 
 Listening to the happy “round the table talks”’ in the Balti- 
 more days, many of us remember to have heard Sir William say, 
 “the average physician wastes fifty to sixty per cent. of his time 
 in going from place to place or in the repetition of uninstructive 
 details of practice.’ It was his way of introducing the thought 
 to his students, and from this practical remark many consultants 
 of to-day took the hint that set them on a thinking way. His 
 method or idea was an established success by that time. During 
 his years in Philadelphia it was on trial and his methods were under 
 close observation. ‘He was only beginning to get consulting 
 work when he left us,’’ was the final verdict of the unthinking. 
 “When he announced that he would take no maternity cases we 
 
 
 

 
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 144 FarRLy Lire oF Str WILLIAM OSLER—GWYN 
 
 told him that no physician in Philadelphia could practise success- 
 fully without doing so” was the statement made to me by the late 
 J. H. Musser; while in the words of his great admirer, 8. Weir 
 Mitchell, that cultured doyen of the medical fraternity of Philadel- 
 phia, ‘When he said he would do no general practice we were 
 ready to wash our hands of him as a young fool.” 
 
 Of his “Way of Life” in Montreal, I have no direct know- 
 ledge, but the germ of the idea Just now so strongly criticized was 
 found in pure culture in Toronto. As early as his student days 
 the wastage in a day’s time suffered by his great teacher Bovell 
 had impressed him strongly; youth as he then was, he gathered 
 the Bovell family together and tried to persuade them to make 
 Bovell retire into consulting work; he even offered to manage the 
 office details. (Appendix XV). Bovell’s nature, however, was 
 not such that he could ever resist the appeal of an importuning 
 patient; no one had ever considered the practice of medicine 
 in such a light, the originality of the idea was plainly beyond his 
 simple comprehension. To Osler on the other hand, this practical 
 economy in time was clearly an important part in a well-con- 
 structed ‘way of life.’’ 
 
 This finishes a simple sketch, a sketch in which the usual 
 presiding geniuses of a man’s career are very clearly visible; from 
 some one in their dim ancestry Sir William and the uncle Edward 
 had acquired a real scientific and literary inheritance; the environ- 
 ment of the country parsonage, the atmosphere of education, 
 the classical schools, the clerical naturalists of Weston and Trinity, 
 Johnson and Bovell, fashioned well this precious gift, whilst the 
 training of a thinking progressive father, of a watchful and affec- 
 tionate mother made easier the progress through the world of the 
 man whom we will ever delight to call—the great physician— 
 the clear-voiced apostle of the medicine of to-day—the beloved 
 son of old McGill. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 I 
 
 Extracts from the letters of Edward Osler, Sr. (Sir William's grandfather) written 
 in 1829 to his son Featherstone, showing his attitude to another son Edward, 
 Jr., (Sir William’s uncle), to his leanings towards literature and science, 
 and to his breaking away from commerce ani seafaring: 
 
 __ “Frittering away his life as his elder brothers have done........ Edward 
 
 is busily engaged in superintending the printing of his poem—‘“ The Voyage. 
 
 
 
EARLY LIFE oF Sir WILLIAM OsSLER—Gwyn 145 
 
 I can offer no opinion except that I hope he will not attempt anything of this 
 prt Guam. ....... “Why can’t he earn an honest living at the sea, as his 
 brother has done?’”’ 
 
 II 
 
 Titles of Publications by Edward Osler, Jr., showing his literary proclivities and 
 achievements. 
 
 The Voyage, Poem. A line in it, quoted by F. Osler, reads—‘Based on 
 the clouds a mountain in the sky’ (A voleano). 
 
 Papers On Burrowing and Boring Marine Animals, and On the Anatomy 
 of the Marine Mollusca, by Edward Osler, for the Royal Society, 1826 and 
 1832. 
 
 (“I have received the proofs of my paper from the Royal Society. 
 
 The plates are beautifully done.” From a letter by Edward Osler 
 to Sir William’s father. 
 
 The Life of Admiral Viscount Exmouth, by Edward Osler, Esq., London. 
 Smith, Elder & Co., Cornhill, 1835. 
 
 Church and King, by Edward Osler, formerly one of the Surgeons to the 
 Swansea Infirmary. London, Smith, Elder & Co., Cornhill, 1837. 
 
 III 
 
 Extracts from the diary of Featherstone Osler (Sir William’s Father), bearing 
 upon his active seafaring life and his subsequent career as a missionary. 
 
 “T was born at Falmouth, December 14th, 1805. My father was a 
 merchant and shipowner. Several members of the family were connected 
 with the sea: my grandfather Osler died in the West Indies from the effects of 
 a wound: one uncle was killed in action with a French privateer:—a cousin, 
 a lieutenant in the Royal Navy died of yellow fever in the West Indies...... 
 In opposition to the wishes of all my friends, I determined to go to sea and made 
 
 my first voyage.......... the masts snapped off; we drifted, a wreck upon the 
 ocean for several weeks. At length we reached Malta; refitted and returned to 
 Hgiaend, ....... I then joined the Royal Navy and served on the Cynthia 
 
 till wrecked on the Cobbler Rocks, Barbadoes; we suffered much but were 
 rescued by H.M.S. Eden: yellow fever broke out among the survivors: we were 
 sent to cruise as a pest ship........ I was placed upon the books of H.M.S. 
 Britannia and then for a short time on the Victory, Nelson’s ship. Subse- 
 quently, I was appointed to the Tribune. For two years I served in the 
 
 Tribune, then joined the Warspite........ He kept his promise by promoting 
 me to the Algerine: I served in her two years, cruising around the Cape of 
 Good Hope and the Indian Ocean........ On our return to Rio from Mauri- 
 
 tius I obtained leave to go home and took passage on the Rinaldo, and not 
 more than two hours after a frigate had arrived on her way to the East Indies 
 on special service. The Officer in charge of the scientific department had 
 died on passage and the captain applied to Sir Thomas Baker to appoint his 
 successor. The Admiral was pleased to say that I was the man for the ap- 
 
 pointment. I declined this tempting offer........ I had often before thought 
 of taking holy orders. In October, 1833, I entered St. Catharine’s Hall, 
 Cambridge........ My prospects of advancement were very good: every- 
 
 thing seemed to point to my remaining in England up to the close of 1836, 
 when Bishop Stewart, of Quebec, wrote a strong appeal to his nephew, the 
 Earl of Galloway, urging him to procure some help for Canada. He, the 
 Marquis of Cholmondely, and Sir Walter Farquhar interested other members 
 of society and formed what was called the “Upper Canada Clergy Society” 
 Cea ware One Sunday morning I received a letter from this society to this 
 effect:—“You have been abroad a great deal, therefore, it would not be so 
 much for you to go abroad as for many others........ is it not your duty to 
 ES eens ts I consented to go as missionary of the Upper Canada Clergy 
 ociety for five years. 
 
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 146 Farty Lire or Sir WILLIAM OsLER—GWYN 
 
 IV 
 
 Extract from a Letter written by Featherstone Osler as a sailor during his sea- 
 faring life, to the Rev. Edward D. Lake, indicating his religious convictions | 
 
 To—Rev’d Edward D. Lake, 
 ““My Very Dear Sir: } : 
 
 It was with great pleasure i received your kind note having been anxiously 
 expecting it and would have answered it immediately but for the MA ro. 
 of sending in your Box for Paddington Row. Your very kind invitation 
 gladly accept and hope should nothing prevent it to leave London for Worces- 
 ter on Monday morning. I take your offer that I may come and thank you 
 for all kindness. I do now hope to know what true religion is and that again 
 leaving England I may be commended to the saving of the soul. My heart is 
 hard but He can soften and humble it and my prayer 1s for a new Heart and 
 faith to believe in my Saviour and Redeemer, as I ought. You will be glad to 
 hear that I have passed my examination with credit and to-day hope to see 
 Colonel Dundas, one of the Lords of the Admiralty, and then all my business 
 in this busy city will be finished. Sometime before passing my examination 
 I prayed and said like Jacob of old,—If the Lord will now be with me an 
 guard and protect me in the way I should go, then the Lord shall be my God 
 and I will endeavour to cleave to Him with my whole heart. My prayer is 
 granted and I may be assisted by the Holy Spirit to perform what I have 
 promised. 
 
 “T will endeavour to hear Mr. H., Sunday morning and evening, and Mr. 
 Wilkinson in the afternoon. It was not till Monday I received your note or 
 I would have seen him Friday. . 
 
 “The Cholera Morbus is not decreasing in London and from all accounts 
 it is a dreadful disease. ‘Twenty-four hours generally decides the fate of those 
 attacked by it. I believe the average death rate is sixty deaths to forty re- 
 coveries. It is God’s judgment on the earth, and well we deserve it. Yester- 
 day there were official accounts of the cholera being in Paris and the people | 
 
 I think are greatly alarmed.” 
 V 
 Mother’s Letter dealing with the question of Music and Dancing, Dundas, March 
 
 2nd, 1866. 
 
 Dundas, March 2nd, 1866. 
 “My Very Dear Willie: 
 
 My scrap of a note, etc.........--. 
 
 I fancy the first thing you wish to know is about the music, and after all 
 the pros and cons we have decided that you may take the first quarter as a 
 trial, you will then see whether you really have time enough for it or like it 
 enough to persevere through the uphill work which you may expect to find it 
 for a time. Will you have an opportunity of practicing or be dependent on 
 the weekly lessons for an hour? 
 
 ‘‘By this time I daresay you are in good working order in the school routine 
 and are going on steadily with your studies, able to rise early without great 
 effort, and doing whatever your hand findeth to do, ‘heartily as unto the Lord,’ 
 I should rejoice to hope, and do not forget the good old Mr. Hainsel’s advice 
 which also is the God-inspired advice of the wisest man, none go wrong who 
 follow it; in case you have allowed it to slip your memory I may as well write 
 it—‘Remember now thy creator in the days of thy youth.’ 
 
 Ever your loving Mother, 
 Ellen Osler.” 
 
 VI 
 Dundas, March 19th, 1866. 
 
 “My Dear Willie: 
 sg aaa I do not know exactly when the school reopens but hope you 
 will not be behind the right time in returning. 
 
 
 
Earuty Lire or Sir WILLIAM OsLER—Gwyn 147 
 
 “Tt was an unfortunate affair, that of all you boys being brought into 
 public notice in such a disreputable way, and although I do not think it was 
 meant to be more than a mere school-boy prank, such things often tell against 
 a person long after, and I hear many say they think it will injure the reputa- 
 tion of the school. We are told to do unto others, as we would they should 
 do unto us, and if we only followed this golden rule, we should be more careful 
 not only in our outward actions to others, but of our thoughts and words. 
 We heard from Mr. Badgely the same day we had your letter telling us of the 
 matter, and since then we have had the school report which on the whole was 
 satisfactory. 
 
 “Could you only know, my dear boy, how earnestly my heart longs to 
 see you walking in the paths of holiness, you would, I think, strive to do well. 
 
 Ever your loving mother, 
 Ellen Osler.”’ 
 
 Vil 
 Extracts from Letters from his mother detailing home training. 
 
 Dundas, March 27th, 1866. 
 “My Dear Willie: 
 
 If you erred through ignorance I freely forgive you, especially after re- 
 ceiving your nice letter yesterday, but know now and forever, that it is a long 
 established custom in the polite world (to say nothing of stronger ties) that 
 when an individual has been an inmate of a family for a season, to intimate 
 to that family his safe arrival at home or elsewhere. So I hope you will un- 
 derstand for the future................... 
 
 “God bless you my dear boy, 
 
 Ever your loving mother, 
 Ellen Osler.”’ 
 
 Vill 
 Letter from his mother to William Osler, March 27th, 1868. 
 
 “Perhaps the time is not all lost when we are laid by from our duties, but 
 is meant for our good and it is our own fault if we are not bettered by it.” 
 
 Ix 
 
 Letter from his mother to William Osler. 
 
 “And now, my dear boy, let me have a little serious chat with you about 
 entering the church, which you say you have made up your mind to do. My 
 first impulse was to thank God that He had heard my prayer, and inclined one 
 of my six boys to make choice of that as his path in life. It is a matter not 
 to be decided on hastily any more than is any other profession. Take your 
 time for consideration and above all search your heart for the motive inducing 
 your decision, for remember that God always judges us by our motives, while 
 man can only judge of our actions. If you ask of God He will give you wis- 
 dom and guide you in the right path, and without His guidance in all things 
 we are sure to err. I am quite sure that if you do seriously and in earnest de- 
 sire to be fitted for the service of God in His church, papa will do all he can 
 to help you forward.’”’—May 30th, 1867. 
 
 xX 
 
 Letter from Col. MacQueen indicating that Sir William was early taking part 
 in the instruction of students with Bovell. 
 
 “As a student at Trinity University in the year 1870, I can remember 
 taking Dr. Bovell’s lectures in Sciences, probably Physiology, and seeing Osler 
 acting as assistant in demonstrations; at times it seems that Bovell might be 
 absent and Osler would take the demonstration or the lecture; my memory 1s 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 148 Ear.y Lire or Sir WILLIAM OsLER—GwyNn 
 
 that we students had occasionally discussed the young teacher and his per- 
 formances and had been impressed by ne ro hc one of his years had been 
 able to stand over us and play the part of teacher. ‘ 
 
 . (Signed) Fred. W. M acQueen, Toronto. 
 
 XI 
 
 Extracts from Calendar of Trinity University for 1863, Relating to Prof. Bovell’s 
 Lectures, Status and activities. 
 
 “The Subject of these lectures is Physiology in its Relation to Natural 
 Theology.” 
 Museum—Joint Curators. 
 Hon. J. W. Allan. James Bovell. N.Y. Hand, M.A, 
 
 Professor of Physiology...... James Bovell, M.D. 
 
 Dr. Bovell’s Medal for Essay in Natural History. 
 1865—Professor of Physiology and Chemistry...... James Bovell, M.D. 
 Chemical Philosophy. Experimental Philosophy, Practical Chem- 
 
 istry, Toxicology, Natural Theology, Moral Philosophy. 
 
 XII 
 
 Bovell’s contributions to the medical journals were numerous and easily 
 found. His scientific publications are listed in the catalogue of the Canadian 
 Institute of which society he was a most enthusiastic member; the following 
 may be quoted: 
 
 1. Original views on the renal circulation. J. Bovell, Canadian Journal 
 1854. “The Malpighian tufts, the true renal secreting apparatus and the 
 water of the urine was supplied by the venous plexus of the tubuli uriniferi.” 
 
 29. The transfusion of milk as practiced in cholera at the cholera sheds. 
 James Bovell, Canadian Journal, 1855. (Bovell evidently proposed the mat- 
 ter to Dr. Hodder, as the statement is that the latter was satisfied with the 
 physiological data as supplied by Bovell, and consented to the performance 
 of transfusion. 
 
 3. Passing visits to Rice Lake, Humber River, Grenadiers’ Pond and the 
 Island. Natural history explorations with several plates, by Drs. Goadby 
 and Bovell, Canadian Journal, 1855. 
 
 4, Additional observations on the anatomy of the bear and lobster. 
 James Bovell, Canadian Journal, 1855. 
 
 5. Anatomy of the leech, with plate drawn by Bovell. Canadian 
 Journal, 1856. 
 
 6. Notes on the preservation of some infusoria with a view to the dis- 
 play of the cilia. James Bovell, M.D., Trinity College. Canadian Journal, 
 1863. 2nd series. 
 
 7. On growth and repair. James Bovell, M.D. Canadian Journal, 
 March, 1863. 
 
 XIII 
 Bovell’s contributions on theological subjects :— 
 
 _ Preparation for the Christian sacrifice; Communion for the sick; Con- 
 stitution and canons of the synod of the diocese of Toronto, 1858; Preparations 
 for the Holy Communion, 1859; Outlines of the History of the British 
 Church; Passing thoughts on man’s relation to God and God’s relation to 
 
 og an octavo of 400 pp. 1862; Outlines of Natural Theology, a quarto of 
 pp. 
 
 XIV 
 
 Letter from Dr. H. Walker on the reason for Sir William Osler’s leaving the 
 Church for medicine. 
 
 _ “Working with me in the office in Dundas and studying with me the 
 microscopical life of the Dundas marsh in the years 1867-8-9 (the summer 
 
 
 
EARLY Lire or Sir WiLLt1iAM OsLER—GwyNn 149 
 
 holidays), I can remember Osler as he looked down my old microscope and his 
 saying something in this line...... “This is the work for me. I am going no 
 further in the studies for Divinity.” 
 
 Frequent references were also made as to the wonderful powers and 
 qualities of Bovell and there was every indication that Divinity would no 
 longer hold him. It must have been announced to his father and been a 
 great blow to his parent, for he arrived in anger one day to see me, and more 
 or less accused me of being responsible for the change of thought. ‘I had 
 thought that at least one of my six sons would follow the calling of their 
 father,’ were his words.” 
 
 XV 
 
 Letter from Mrs. Fred Barwick, Dr. Bovell’s daughter, indicating the early be- 
 ginning of the “Osler idea.” 
 
 “ Amongst my recollections of Sir William Osler at the time when he was 
 in Toronto and constantly with my father, Dr. Bovell, was an interesting de- 
 tail. He had evidently recognised the value of time and saw that my father 
 had to give a large part of his day to general work and to things which seemed 
 to absorb him to the detriment of the work which Osler thought more impor- 
 tant, viz., the consulting practice and teaching. He seriously urged us to try 
 to induce our father to retire into consulting work and even offered to take on 
 himself some of the office details; our father, however, was too much absorbed 
 in his general practice to be able to let go at his age.” 
 
 (Signed) Alice Booth Barwick. 
 
 OSLER, AS NATURALIST 
 John L. Todd 
 
 “NR TATURALIST” is an old-fashioned word. It is used here 
 because all things in nature were of interest to Osler. 
 
 He became a physician; but he was first a man. In his pro- 
 fession he lives; but he is best remembered and most loved for 
 his great humanity. 
 
 His knowledge of medicine and the manner of his practice 
 in it won admiration and brought many to him; but, above all 
 other things, his deep and manly understanding commanded love 
 and respect. In his life’s work as a physician, Osler was first and 
 always a naturalist, for in it he loved and strove to understand his 
 fellowmen: just as, when still a boy, he had loved and striven to 
 understand the nature of lesser beings. 
 
 Osler was born in the country. His childhood was passed 
 in natural surroundings. Through his daily life, habits of obser- 
 vation became his. He learned early that, with seeing eyes, rare 
 things may be found in much travelled fields. He learned early 
 too, the fascination of finding-out for oneself. The training given 
 by his early surroundings and by the first of his teachers, the Rev. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 150 Oster, aS N ATURALIST—TODD 
 
 W. A. Johnson, who taught him to use a4 microscope, made 
 Osler exact in observation, careful in his notes, and accurate in his 
 reference to sources of information. It taught him that theory 
 without fact profits nothing. T hrough it he learned that human 
 knowledge has its limitations—boundaries which may be extended 
 by patient observation, eareful study and comprehension of ob- 
 served fact. To try all things became a part of him. 
 
 So schooled, his mind was exact; no detail was unimportant 
 because it was a detail. He learned to use his microscope; he took 
 ‘+ with him wherever he went and thereby learned to use and rely 
 upon whatever instruments might be necessary to give the widest 
 powers to the perception of his senses. He acquired habits of 
 regular and constant effort. Opportunities, which Osler always 
 took, are never absent from a naturalist. In the accurate observa- 
 tions, recorded before he was twenty, on a case of trichiniasis,’ 
 there is the same statement of, and reliance upon, recorded obser- 
 vation which, a few years later, speaks in his frequent reference to 
 lists of cases studied at the Montreal General Hospital. 
 
 When he was eighteen, Osler made field observations which 
 were quoted latert in a paper on the Canadian Fresh-Water 
 Polyzoa.* In 1870, when he was twenty years of age, Osler 
 described? the Diatoms observed by him and published a list of 
 one hundred and ten species found in various localities in Ontario; 
 wherever he went he observed and studied; the paper flows uninter- 
 ruptedly in beautiful English. Later, through membership in 
 the Natural History Society of Montreal, an interest in biological 
 matters outside the practice and study of medicine widened his 
 understanding and brought him into contact with men whose 
 minds worked in widely differing fields. One of the papers which 
 
 *A complete list of Osler’s early contributions to Natural History is 
 
 published in the classified bibliography of his Canadian period which appears 
 in this Bulletin and elsewhere.1 
 
 11867-1885, Classified Bibliography of Sir William Osler’s Canadian 
 Period. The Osler Memorial Number of The Can. Med. Asscn., Jl., July, 1920. 
 By Dr. Maude E. Abbott. 
 
 21870—Canadian Diatomaceae. By William Osler. Canadian Nat, 
 June 1870, n.s, v. 142-151. Collected reprints, Vol. i, No. 1. 
 
 31876—Trichina spiralis. Idem. Extract from a lecture on “ Animal 
 Parasites and their Relation to Public Health.” One of the Somerville 
 lectures of the Natural History Society. Idem. Can. Jl. of Med. Science, 1876, 
 i, 134-135; 175-176. Collected reprints, Vol. 1, p. 11. 
 
 41877—On Canadian Fresh-Water Polyzoa. William Osler. Canadian 
 Nat., 1883, n.s., x, 399-406. Collected reprints, Vol. ii, No. 53. 
 
 
 
OSLER, AS NATURALIST—Topp 151 
 
 he read before this Society describes parasites found in the blood 
 of a frog’. Careful references are given to all that was then 
 published on the trypanosomes and drepanidia. The illustra- 
 tions are good for the time and the descriptions are perfect. There 
 is evidenced in the description of the moving drepanidia the same 
 intense interest, the same anxiety for accurately recording ob- 
 served fact, that Osler showed years later in his work at Balti- 
 more on the human parasites of malaria and of amoebic dysen- 
 tery. 
 
 Among his early writings are other articles® © ’ on parasitic 
 diseases. Their simple language and orderly arrangement of 
 matter are characteristic of him. Ideas are clearly expressed and 
 well-chosen words lead in lucid continuity to definite conclusions. 
 
 Always before commencing an exposition of his subject Osler 
 learned all that his methods of examination and of experiment 
 could teach. He read all that the world’s best opinion expressed 
 in English, French and German. And only then his writing com- 
 menced. All of these papers are remarkable for their quiet im- 
 personal presentation. There is no insistence in them on the 
 enormous amount of work upon which they are based. It is 
 arduous, for example’, to examine over one thousand swine for 
 Trichinae, Cysticerci and Echinococct. ‘These papers are re- 
 markable, too, for their sound common-sense. They were written 
 at a time when the public were greatly exercised by the occurrence 
 of epidemics of trichiniasis. The author refuses to be stampeded 
 and concludes that man’s best protection against trichiniasis and 
 tape-worm is a careful cooking of his food. 
 
 Often in these early papers a characteristic, cheerful, Oslerian 
 touch appears. There is allusion here and there, to associated 
 ideas, sometimes apparently far from the point at issue, which 
 flitted through his active, versatile, and extraordinarily well- 
 furnished mind. They often throw a quaint side-light at once 
 illuminating the author’s thought and fixing it indelibly in the 
 reader’s mind. That he relies upon his own experience for his 
 
 51880—On Certain Parasites in the Blood of the Frog. Idem. Canadian 
 Nat., 1883, n.s., x, 406-410. Collected reprints, Vol. xi, No. 52. 
 
 61883—Cestode Tuberculosis. Idem. Americ. Veterinary Review, April, 
 1882. Collected reprints, Vol. ii, p. 49. 
 
 71883—An investigation into the Parasites in the Pork Supply of Mont- 
 age Idem. Canad. Med. & Surg. Jl., Montreal, 1883. Collected reprints, 
 Ol, u, p. 54, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 152 OsLER, AS NaTURALIST—TopDD 
 
 conclusions is evidenced by the frequent description of observa- 
 tions that are unmistakably personal. His humour often finds 
 expression in subtle, and often hidden, reference. Sometimes, the 
 jest is made in apparent play; at others, there is intent, and the 
 jest is made with a calculated knowledge of the psychology of the 
 medical man and student. Sometimes the subtleness becomes 
 broader as when, in his study on Trichina spiralis, he alludes to 
 the “barbarous custom’ in Germany of eating half-cooked, or 
 wholly uncooked sausages as ‘‘semi-cannibalism.”” The word 
 is shrewdly chosen. Sometimes a witticism, that to lesser minds 
 was broad, bore a protest that men should hold some things in 
 life as clean and others unclean, when clear sight and understand- 
 ing should see that all things are Nature’s. 
 
 Osler bore Hippocratic fidelity to his teachers. Just as his 
 early surroundings ‘nfluenced his own development, so has his 
 life influenced the great Medical Schools with which he was con- 
 nected. There can be recognized in their customs and traditions 
 the influence which Osler, by his habits of life and thought, had 
 upon his colleagues and upon the teachings of medicine in the 
 Schools which once were his. ‘‘The great possession of any Uni- 
 versity is its great names.”’ Favoured are the Schools that can 
 
 write Osler as theirs. 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
 I8Sl ‘ALISUMAINQ TIIDOW 40 ALTOOVAT TYOTaaYAL SAL 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MONTREAL PERIOD (1870-1884) 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 
 
 OSLER’S MONTREAL PERIOD* 
 
 A PrrsonaL REMINISCENCE 
 Francis J. SHEPHERD, M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.S. Eng. 
 Montreal 
 
 S a fellow-student and colleague for many years, and a life-long 
 
 friend, I feel that I can speak of our dear friend the late 
 
 Sir William Osler, with some knowledge. It is, however, difficult 
 
 to express adequately the great loss the profession of Medicine has 
 sustained, not only on this continent, but in Europe also. 
 
 As I remember him first, he was a slim, keen-eyed, active 
 young fellow, of medium height, with rather an olive complexion. 
 He looked more like a Spaniard than an Anglo-Saxon. He was 
 full of energy and industry, was devoted to his microscope, and 
 was always found in the autopsy-room or in the wards of the 
 Hospital. Lectures did not trouble him much, and he never took 
 elaborate notes as it was the fashion to do in those days. He took 
 no high place in his class, but received a special prize for his gradua- 
 tion thesis, on account of its great originality. 
 
 He always had ecclesiastical tendencies; his father was a 
 parson; he was educated at a High Church School (Trinity), and 
 a Church of England College, and was a divinity student for one 
 year. While a student he always attended service at a neighboring 
 ritualistic church before breakfast. I have often said that if he 
 had been born in the 12th century he would have been a monk and 
 probably a second Hugo, Bishop of Lichfield. He was steeped in 
 the wisdom of Plato, Marcus Aurelius and Sir Thomas Browne, 
 and he knew the Bible better than many clergymen. 
 
 
 
 *From a hitherto unpublished Address delivered at the Osler Memorial 
 Meeting of the New York Academy of Medicine, Feb., 1920. 
 
 153 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 154 OsLeR’s MONTREAL PERIOD—SHEPHERD 
 
 After two years abroad, when he was a student in London, 
 Berlin and Vienna, he returned to his Alma Mater as Professor 
 of the Institutes of Medicine, succeeding Professor Drake who had 
 
 resigned. He often said he never expected anything more than a — 
 
 lectureship, but the Faculty took a bold step, chiefly through the 
 influence of Dr. Palmer Howard, and appointed him a Professor 
 at. twenty-five. | 
 As I observed him in his early days he always had a most 
 joyous temperament, always thinking the best of everybody and 
 everything, continually making new friends, but never forgetting 
 the old ones. 
 His was a very stimulating personality, and a very suggestive. 
 Hundreds of young medical men looked up to him and revered 
 him as a father, and loved him. It was this power of evoking 
 the love of his fellow workers that most distinguished him. He 
 was a most human individual and was full of sympathy and always 
 ‘nterested in his co-workers. They could not help loving him. 
 They were drawn to him as to a magnet. He never sought 
 popularity. It came to him. His sense of humor was very strong 
 
 and with him was a saving grace. He was fond of practical jokes 
 
 but they were never malicious and always perpetrated on his 
 colleagues. He was beloved by all children and in McGill days 
 whilst walking up the College Avenue to his University lecture 
 his progress was much interrupted by meeting and greeting his 
 many children friends on their way to school. 
 
 In every city the medical men are divided into groups more 
 or less antagonistic, especially where there are rival medical 
 schools. While in Montreal he contrived to harmonize these 
 factions and at the Medico-Chirurgical Society under his influence 
 they worked peaceably together, and, in consequence, this Society 
 did much good work. At the Veterinary School he was a great 
 power and, aided by Duncan McEachern, F.R.V.CS., he did 
 much to introduce scientific methods of teaching at the same 
 time improving his knowledge of comparative pathology. In the 
 University he made morbid anatomy an important subject and, 
 he was the first pathologist to the Montreal General Hospital. 
 In the wards of that Institution he, with the late Dr. George Ross, 
 taught clinical medicine in a most interesting and instructive 
 manner, making the student take an active part in reporting and 
 observing the cases. They adopted the methods of Murchison 
 
 
 
 
 
OsLER’s MonTREAL PERIOD—SHEPHERD 1 
 
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 MepicaLt Facuury, McGitt Universiry, Coté Street, 1871 
 
 The Coté Street Building, occupied by the Medical Faculty of McGill in 1871, | 
 and from which Osler graduated in 1872. \ 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 156 OsLeR’s MONTREAL PERIOD—SHEPHERD 
 
 of St. Thomas Hospital, London, with whom they had spent the 
 summer of 1878. Ross taught in winter and Osler in summer. 
 In fact before Osler was appointed to the hospital Ross had in- 
 stituted methods of teaching afterwards adopted by Osler. 
 
 As I said before Osler was always the friend of the student 
 and the young practitioner. He advised them as to lines of work 
 and suggested ways and methods and was always personally 
 interested. He infected them with his own enthusiasm and love 
 for science, for he was a most inspiring person and his energy was 
 untiring. His incursions into all forms of classical and ancient 
 literature were extensive and his retentive memory always fur- 
 nished him with an apt quotation or a suitable application. 
 
 When in Montreal he had little practice, for he always said 
 practice and science were not compatible. He had an office, but 
 few knew his office hours, and whatever they were he never kept 
 them. His weekly demonstrations on Morbid Anatomy, Human 
 and Comparative, were very popular and were attended by numbers 
 of medical men as well as students. He was one of the first to 
 insist on the contagiousness of tuberculosis also the possibility 
 of transferring bovine tuberculosis to man, but at that time he 
 had few followers in Montreal. Before he left Montreal he had 
 acquired some consulting practice. He was fond of telling that 
 on one occasion, having had a consultation with an old and taci- 
 turn man on a case of typhoid fever which the old doctor had failed 
 to recognize, after the consultation the old doctor said to Osler, 
 “Young man, you talk too much. You have told these people 
 more in fifteen minutes than I have in fifteen years.” Osler said 
 he took this rebuke to heart and never forgot it. 
 
 When he decided to accept the call to Philadelphia we were 
 all very sorrowful, for he was much beloved. Still the spirit he 
 had infused remained behind and so did his methods. He never 
 lost interest in his Alma Mater, and as a touching token of his 
 love for her he has bequeathed to her his rare and valuable library 
 of old medical books, and requested that his ashes be deposited 
 with his books in the McGill Medical Library. I shall never 
 forget the parting dinner we gave him, and the noble speech made 
 by his friend and teacher Dr. Palmer Howard, and Osler’s feeling 
 reply, which was often interrupted by his emotion. 
 
 His addresses to medical men and students were always most 
 illuminating, full of humor, but with a foundation of serious advice 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 OsLER AS A StupENT AT McGtt1, 1871 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SHEPHERD 
 
 F. J. 
 
 Ross 
 
 GEO. 
 
 Wm. OSLER 
 
 Apout 1878-9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OsLER’s MontTrEAL PERIOD—SHEPHERD 157 
 
 and sensible direction as to conduct and ethics. His biographical 
 essays pointed out continually that the way of success was by 
 work, and persistent work. Of course there must be a basis of 
 talent and worth. His influence on medical education was 
 enormous in the United States and Canada, not only by his im- 
 mediate example, but through the number of trained disciples 
 he sent out to preach his gospel and to pass on the Osler tradition. 
 
 On entering a ward one could see how much he was beloved 
 by all; his kindly manner and genial presence set everyone at his 
 ease and work proceeded without interruption. The student who 
 had omitted to do his part was severely reprimanded in a quiet, 
 sarcastic way, and he remembered it,—Osler could be very severe 
 on occasions. He hated every form of humbug and deceit. His 
 denunciations were never abusive, but they had a sting in them 
 which left its effect. 
 
 How he loved books, and with what joy he showed me a first 
 edition or a rare copy! It is very regrettable that he did not live 
 long enough to complete the wonderful catalogue he commenced. 
 
 Osler’s career always reminded me of Laennec, who was first 
 a pathologist and afterwards became a noted clinical teacher. 
 
 As I said above, his departure from Canada to the States 
 was a great loss not only to McGill, but to the whole country. 
 He was beloved by all. Dr. George Ross and myself were on 
 more intimate terms with him than others and many journeys we 
 took together to New York and Boston and to the woods in Autumn. 
 When he left these intimate relations continued, for we often visited 
 him and he us. The first break in this tripartite friendship was 
 when Dr. Ross died in 1892, aged 47. He was a most able man 
 and the most acute and accurate diagnostician I ever met, and had 
 much influence over Osler. 
 
 When Osler went to England I saw less of him, though when 
 we met we renewed our old intimate relations, and we always 
 corresponded freely. He was the soul of hospitality, as all 
 Americans and Canadians who visited England know. He was 
 never weary when entertaining his friends. 
 
 The last letter I received from him was written on his sick-bed, 
 three weeks before he died. Shortly after his death I received 
 from Lady Osler a note containing the following words which she 
 told me he had inscribed on a slip of paper during the last weeks of 
 his life: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 158 OsLER AND CANADIAN ScrenTIFIC SOCIETIES—BLACKADER 
 “The harbour is almost reached, after a splendid voyage, with 
 such companions all the way, and my boy awanting me.” 
 These words indicate his spirit of invincible optimism. We 
 have lost not only a great physician but a great man. 
 
 OSLER’S EARLY WORK FOR CANADIAN SCIENTIFIC 
 SOCIETIES AND AS A TEACHER IN MONTREAL 
 
 A. D. Buacxaper, M.D. 
 Montreal 
 
 UCH already has been written of the stimulating influence 
 which Osler exerted upon medical thought and activity 
 during those early years of professorial work in Montreal, Phila- 
 delphia and Baltimore. In the short space allotted to me I propose 
 to speak only of his early work in Montreal, after his return to 
 that city in 1874 to commence his life work among the many 
 friends he had made in his student days. Few physicians have 
 begun their professional career with a larger fund of energy, natural 
 ability and acquired knowledge, or with more perfectly trained 
 powers of careful, critical observation. Like many of the great 
 masters of the past, after a brilliant, graduation from the halls 
 of his Alma Mater, he travelled far as considered in those days, 
 and spent many months under the illustrious teachers of whom 
 London, Edinburgh, Berlin, Vienna and Paris could then boast. 
 A few weeks only elapsed after his return to Montreal before his 
 former professors offered him the Chair of the Institutes of Medi- 
 cine, which had shortly before become vacant through the resigna- 
 
 tion of Professor Joseph Morley Drake. He accepted the position — 
 
 with diffidence; “he had hoped only for a demonstratorship”’; 
 but he brought to bear upon his new duties a great capacity for 
 hard work, and a large store of the latest additions to our knowledge 
 in physiology and pathology, acquired under the teaching of Burdon 
 Sanderson and Virchow. 
 
 Although didactic lectures were always irksome to him, 
 his course became such a delightful revelation of new truths to 
 his students that no one ever voluntarily failed in his attendance 
 on them. To the students individually, he became an inspiration. 
 He ever emphasized the high ideals of the profession which they 
 
 
 
 
 
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 aa tna aca fos eee 7 
 
OSLER AND CANADIAN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES—BLACKADER 159 
 
 had chosen and insisted on the importance of a regular plan for 
 the day’s work, and the necessity of concentrating on each special 
 task and completing it. Osler spoke quietly, but very impressively ; 
 his language was concise and clearly arranged. His strong charac- 
 ter was always an influence on the side of gentleness, courtesy and 
 straightforwardness. 
 
 McGill was fortunate, at that time, in the number of brilliant 
 young men associated as teachers in the Medical Faculty. Ross, 
 Roddick, Shepherd, MacDonnell, Buller and Gardner: all of them 
 had passed with high marks in their graduation examination and 
 many of them had very recently returned from post graduate 
 studies overseas. Osler had a stimulating influence on all, and 
 owing chiefly to his efforts the Medico-Chirurgical Society of 
 Montreal, which had been resuscitated a few years previously, 
 became an active society with regular meetings and a full attend- 
 ance of members. His demonstrations of pathological specimens, 
 obtained not only from the post mortem room of the General 
 Hospital, but also from long distances in the country, were always 
 made interesting to the members by the lucidity with which they 
 were demonstrated and were always accompanied by an exposi- 
 tion of the most advanced work of the day. Reports of many of 
 these demonstrations appeared in the medical journals of Phila- 
 delphia and New York. At its meetings Osler also frequently 
 presented papers embodying the result of his keen observation 
 on the unusual and the abnormal. His remarks on the papers 
 of other members were always courteous and stimulating, and very 
 appreciative of good careful work. Almost all the specimens 
 referred to in his Gulstonian Lectures on Ulcerative Endocarditis 
 before the Royal College of Physicians in London, had been 
 previously demonstrated to the members of this Montreal society. 
 A large number also of the cases referred to in his “Practice of 
 Medicine” were shown at the meetings of the society, and are at 
 present in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 In 1875 he was appointed physician to the smallpox hospital 
 in Montreal and in the following year contributed several import- 
 ant papers “On the Initial Rashes of Smallpox”, and “On the 
 Haemorrhagic Rashes of Smallpox”, which were first read before 
 the Medico-Chirurgical Society, and subsequently appeared in 
 the Canada Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 Osler had been strongly impressed, while in Berlin, by the 
 
 SSS Sa ee SE =< 
 F 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 160 OsLER AS A TEACHER IN MoNnTREAL—BLACKADER 
 
 pathological demonstrations given by Virchow, and during the 
 Session of 1877 he commenced a demonstration course in patho- 
 logy, modelled after that of his former teacher. ‘The course was 
 optional and had not at that date been included in the curriculum. 
 It was nominally for his class in physiology, but many senior 
 students attended his demonstrations to take advantage of an 
 opportunity that had been lacking in former years. These classes 
 met for an hour on Saturday mornings in his lecture room in the 
 college. He selected three or four out of his class to perform the 
 autopsies during the week in the Montreal General Hospital; 
 from these autopsies he chose a certain number of specimens for 
 the Saturday clinic. Before the hour of meeting the specimens 
 
 were all arranged on separate trays and carefully labelled. When — 
 
 the class met, each specimen in turn was carefully discussed and 
 all important points were clearly indicated. All the facts elicited 
 were carefully correlated with the clinical history and notes of 
 
 the case as taken in the wards. The whole demonstration was — 
 
 most informal and conversational. In order that his teaching 
 
 should be of the greatest value to those in attendance, every . 
 
 student was furnished with a written description of each specimen 
 and with an epitome of the remarks that he had prepared. There 
 were always four, and at times eight, pages of large letter size, 
 written by himself and copied by means of a copying machine. 
 From thirty to forty copies were required each Saturday so that 
 the demand such a task made on his time must have been heavy. 
 
 As further evidence of his capacity for work and his great 
 desire to benefit the student, his effort in the spring of 1877 to 
 establish and maintain a medical society among the under grad- 
 uates, must be recalled. Its object, as defined by himself in speaking 
 to the students at their first mecting,was to afford to every student 
 an opportunity, which after graduation can rarely be obtained, 
 
 of learning how to prepare papers, and to express ideas correctly. — 
 
 He hoped also “that the meetings would afford a certain amount of 
 training in the difficult science of debate”. The officers were to 
 be undergraduates and the whole proceedings were to be in the 
 hands of the members. Osler, however, never missed a meeting; 
 he joined in all discussions and generally closed each meeting with 
 a general review in which he combined criticisms and suggestions. 
 A literary character was often imparted to the meetings by the 
 reading of short selections from notable authors. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ee eS — ee a i ee a i 
 
OSLER AND CANADIAN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES—BLACKADER 161 
 
 Osler had a keen ambition to take part in the clinical teaching 
 in the wards of the hospital, and when in 1878 a vacancy in the 
 hospital staff occurred, he at once applied for it. After his election 
 to the post he immediately sailed, in company with Dr. George 
 Ross, for London where he quickly passed the necessary examina- 
 tions to qualify for the membership of the College of Physicians 
 of London and then spent several months studying the clinical 
 methods of Charles Murchison at St. Thomas’s, Frederick Roberts 
 at University College, and William Gee at St. Bartholomew’s. 
 
 At the opening of the Session in 1879 the Faculty provided, 
 at his urgent request, the means for the practical teaching of 
 physiology by the establishment of a physiological laboratory. 
 Here for the next five years he worked steadily, teaching physiology 
 and pathology, during the winter sessions, and clinical medicine 
 in the summer months. Those who were instructed by him will 
 long remember the concise but very clear way in which he presented 
 the outlines and important details of each subject, but left much 
 for the student to study himself, telling him how, and where, 
 to study to find more details and to complete the picture. Through- 
 out all his courses of lectures, didactic and clinical, he made it 
 his aim to stimulate the student to find out truths for himself by 
 using his own powers of observation, and by directing him how to 
 carry out some personal research work. ‘Try and find it out for 
 yourself, then come to me and I will tell you if you are right”, 
 was a frequent advice. Work was his master word. From 
 student and assistant he always demanded some research work, 
 and each one felt that a task given by Osler was not only a training 
 but a test of ability and of methods of work. His call was for 
 regularity and system in each day’s task. “When the day’s 
 activities are properly divided and rightly balanced, work is not 
 work, but pleasure’. Still further, in his lectures at the bedside, 
 accuracy of observation, precision in statements and care in 
 drawing conclusions were emphasized by word and by example. 
 
 Onerous and time-engrossing as was his work, in connection 
 with his lectures in the College, and in the General Hospital, he 
 found time to associate himself with the important Veterinary 
 School of Medicine at that time connected with McGill University 
 and to carry on lectures and important research work in its patho- 
 logical laboratory where Dr. Duncan McEachran as Dean placed 
 all available material at his disposal. He also took a keen 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 162 OSLER AND CANADIAN SCIENTIFIC SociETIES—BLACKADER 
 interest in the Natural History Society and in the Micro- 
 scopical Club of Montreal. At the meetings of both he was a 
 regular attendant and a frequent contributor. ~He was also an 
 active member of the Editorial Board of the Canada Medical & 
 Surgical Journal, contributing many of its important papers and 
 editorials and adding greatly to the interest and pleasure of its 
 monthly board meetings. ; 
 
 On looking back over the ten years spent in Montreal as- 
 sociated with all its medical, and many of its scientific, activities, 
 we recognize with deep appreciation the great stimulus that all 
 received from his active and brilliant mind and the inspir- 
 ation for good which all experienced who came in contact with 
 him. This stimulus was all the more powerful, because of his 
 unselfish, frank and magnetic character, and of his always cour- 
 teous and gentle manner. 
 
 His reputation as an inspiring, keen and successful teacher, 
 his attractive personality and his enthusiasm for hard work 
 became known and appreciated far beyond Montreal, and on the 
 death of William Pepper, he was offered the Chair of Clinical 
 Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania. After consultation 
 with his confréres in Montreal, he accepted the offer, and left 
 Montreal a rich man not in worldly goods, for such, as he said to 
 friends on leaving “I have the misfortune, or the good fortune, 
 lightly to esteem, but rich in the goods which neither moth nor 
 rust are able to corrupt, friendship, goodfellowship, wider ex- 
 perience and fuller knowledge.” 
 
 
 
Rocers 163 
 
 
 
 EARLIER YEARS OF Sir WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF THE EARLIER 
 YEARS OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER* 
 
 Epmunp J. A. Rocrrs, M.D. 
 
 Denver, Colorado 
 
 FIRST knew William Osler in 1866, when, of my own motion, 
 I was allowed to leave a school where scholarship was held 
 high, but where the manly qualities which lead to higher character 
 formation were very defective, to enter Trinity College school, at 
 Weston, near Toronto. The school was then not large, so all of 
 the boys knew each other well. Here I at once discovered that 
 the atmosphere and general tone was of the most elevated charac- 
 ter. A spirit of the highest refinement, culture and straightfor- 
 ward manliness prevailed everywhere, both in school and in the 
 general life of all. 
 
 It was easily recognized that this elevated tone was due to the 
 influence and example of a small group of older boys, and, of these, 
 Osler, then seventeen, stood markedly the leader. His person- 
 ality was so strong that his influence extended to every department, 
 and his consistent high qualities were such that in every scope of 
 activity he was recognized without bitterness or jealousy of any 
 kind, as the head. This applies not alone to scholarship and 
 sports of every kind, but his strong independence and clear, posi- 
 tive character stood out in everything. I do not think his elevating 
 influence in the school can be exaggerated, and it was such that 
 when he went on from school to college the effect of his personality 
 remained and was unquestionably a strong element in giving 
 character to the school for many years. 
 
 While at Weston, Osler, with many other boys, lived in the 
 residence of the founder and warden of the school, the Rev. 
 W. A. Johnson. Father Johnson was a high church Anglican 
 clergyman of the broad type. He was interested in all the activi- 
 ties of nature, and with him Osler investigated the pools and woods 
 in the study of many phenomena of life. 
 
 Osler. continued his studies in Toronto until 1870, when he 
 
 *Extracted by permission from an address delivered before the Medical 
 
 History Section of the Medical Society of the City and County of Denver on 
 January 28th, and March 2nd, 1920. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 164 Earuier Years or Sir WILLIAM OsSLER—ROGERS 
 
 transferred his studentship to McGill College, Montreal. Here 
 his devotion was given to Dr. Palmer Howard, who held the chair 
 of medicine in McGill. Dr. Howard was the impersonation of 
 the dignified, conscientious, old-school, family physician. His de- 
 voted friendship and great admiration for his brilliant student 
 were unqualified. At this time Osler was a consistent devotee of 
 the ritualistic school of the Anglican church, one of the robust, 
 straightforward, manly type, whose deep religion influenced at all 
 times every phase of his life. 
 
 While a student in Montreal, as in every other period of his 
 life, Osler succeeded in establishing the strongest friendships with 
 those about him through his genial companionability, and his 
 wonderful faculty for hard work and the constant acquisition of 
 knowledge. He graduated from McGill in 1872 and, at once cross- 
 ed the Atlantic for two years’ hard work, chiefly in physiology and 
 pathology in London, Berlin and Vienna. The European medical 
 worker for whom Osler developed the greatest sense of admiration 
 was Virchow!, then preeminently the leader in Berlin. He gained 
 an immeasurable admiration for the German methods of medical 
 teaching, and then and there he formed the deteimination that 
 he would become a great clinical teacher. 
 
 The early years of the seventies were momentous in the philo- 
 sophical as well as the medical history of the world. Darwin’s 
 work had opened a new point of view to those who contemplated 
 the meaning of life. Tyndall’s celebrated address”, which affected 
 everyone, was given in Belfast in ’74, and Huxley was leading, by 
 his numerous articles, the debate as to whether man’s personality 
 was confined to pure automatism. Osler was undoubtedly influ- 
 enced in the environment of these discussions, but I do not believe 
 that in his innermost mind he ever lost the reality of the spiritual 
 aspects of the religion of his early days. | No man ever led a more 
 purely straightforward, spiritual life. In all his actions and in all 
 his dealings the one ruling axiom throughout his life was the Golden 
 Rule, and to it he consistently held in his relations with every man. 
 
 Osler returned to Montreal in 1874, and although only twenty- 
 five—still a boy in the opinion of the conservative community in 
 which he had grown up—he was almost at once inaugurated into 
 
 1“Rudolf Virchow, the Man and the Student.’”’ Boston Med. and Surg. 
 Jour., 1891, XXV, 425. 
 
 2Presidential Address, British Association, Belfast. — 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 ; 
 
EARLIER YEARS OF SIR WILLIAM OsLER—RogERS 165 
 
 the McGill professorship of the Institutes of Medicine. As in the 
 University of Edinburgh, this Department consisted of physiology 
 and pathology jointly, so that it fell to his lot to teach both of 
 these subjects. The rule of the Montreal General Hospital was 
 that an autopsy should be held upon the body of each patient 
 dying in the institution, and the work of pathologist to the 
 hospital came to him with that of the professorship in the 
 college. 
 
 No more definite indication of the strong force of this inde- 
 pendent, progressive, young man’s personality can be noted than 
 the fact that he came at once to be the directing influence of the 
 faculty of the medical college, made up of men much his seniors; 
 not that he was assertive of his opinions above those of others, but 
 all that he suggested was so reasonable and so well digested and 
 worked out that it was at once adopted by all as the wisest course 
 to follow. Osler was always a reformer, but his reforms were 
 brought about through evolutionary processes, not through revo- 
 lution. He soon became the secretary of the faculty and the 
 Registrar of the college. 
 
 Fully established in these offices I found him when on Octo- 
 ber 1, 1877, I entered McGill College Medical School. 
 
 Owing to the opinion held by my friends, supported by their 
 medical advisers, that I was doomed to die from inherited tubercu- 
 losis before I was twenty, I was taken from school before my final 
 year was completed and turned out into the open air life of the 
 lakes and forests of the north and the plains and mountains of the 
 west. - In 1877, tiring of this necessarily desultory life I determined 
 to study medicine and selected McGill as my school. I had 
 scarcely heard of Osler during the intervening ten years. Arriv- 
 ing at the college on the opening day, I found the first formality 
 was an address to the registrants by some member of the faculty. 
 I was surprised and pleased to find that Osler was the one selected 
 to perform this function.® 
 
 Dr. Councilman‘, speaks of this as perhaps the first of Osler’s 
 more brilliant Addresses. His delivery of it in his beautiful style, 
 and his magnetic personality gave meaning, persuasiveness and 
 force far beyond that which could be conveyed by any language. 
 
 3 Canada Med. and Surg. Jour., 1877-8, Vol. 1, 193-210. 
 
 4“Some of the Early Medical Work of Sir William Osler.”’ By W. T. 
 
 Councilman. Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin, July, 1919, pp. 193-197. 
 See also p. 33 of “Tributes.” 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 166 EARLIER YEARS OF Sin WILLIAM OsLER—ROGERS 
 
 He congratulated us upon our choice of a life calling; told us 
 of its arduous, constant work, and of the self-sacrifice and devo- 
 tion it demanded; said it was above all occupations because its 
 work was one solely for the benefit and advancement of humanity, 
 and was so beyond all selfishness; that it offered none of the hon- 
 ours and emoluments of other professions, and that its only re- 
 ward would be in the satisfaction of conscientious, useful work 
 well done. He advised that each day’s work should be sufficient 
 in itself, and that no fear of difficulty or desire for the future should 
 disturb the equanimity and joy of that day. Constant, concen- 
 trated work was the key to success. Science and the humanities 
 should be all sufficient. Indeed, his ideal made the life almost that 
 of an ascetic. | 
 
 His presentation of the duties and difficulties of this, to me, 
 prospective new life impressed me deeply; I doubted if I could 
 attain the standards that he expounded, but it was too late to es- 
 cape; I was there to register, and I proceeded to do so. When, in 
 turn, I came before him, and gave my name, he at once recog 
 nized me. Had I been a long-lost brother, I could not have re- 
 ceived a more gratifying welcome. He was never demonstrative 
 or effusive, but there was feeling and meaning in all that he did 
 or said. As soon as he was free I must walk with him to the hos- 
 pital, and as we went he asked me of the past years and held out 
 every encouragement and alluring promise for the future. I was 
 taking a step I would never regret; I was doing that which would 
 make my life worth while in every way. 
 
 The hospital meant an autopsy, and I soon found myself for 
 the first time in the presence of a cadaver. I had watched the 
 advancing steps of the Virchow technique with a mixture of reso- 
 lute curiosity and suppressed horror, the general inspection, the 
 long incision, the organs removed one by one. Then, lifting the 
 released intestines en masse, he suddenly turned to the group of 
 students, back of whom I stood, and said: ‘Rogers, you prepare 
 these for inspection’? Can you imagine my embarrassment an 
 emotion? But I succeeded, with the advice of senior students, 
 in passing the ordeal. ; 
 
 This was a typical Oslerian act. Superficially, it seemed all 
 dry humour, the sort of practical joke for which he was celebrated, 
 but in reality it was an initiatory test. The questions in his mind 
 were “What ability has this man to meet an unexpected and 
 
 
 
 
 
 . ‘ 
 > 
 ; 
 
EARLIER YEARS OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER—ROGERS 167 
 
 unusual situation?”’ ‘‘ What capacity for work has he?”’ 
 
 Work was to Osler’ the master word of progress and success. 
 If a man were not ready and willing to face work with courage and 
 equanimity, he was only a useless clod in the profession. Conse- 
 quently the giving of any kind of useful work wes his greatest test 
 as well as the greatest boon he could offer any student. These 
 demands for work were expected and often dreaded by the stu- 
 dents who came near him. He always had a group working for 
 him, and it was often a disappointment to one to find that the work 
 had been given, not because it was needed for some purpose, but 
 simply was work for work’s sake; however, the doing of it was al- 
 ways a beneficial experience for the worker. 
 
 Leaving the hospital we walked back to his rooms, which 
 I was told were from that time on to be my headquarters. He 
 was then living with Dr. Buller on St. Catherine Street in the 
 ordinarily built-in city house with a front and back room on each 
 of three floors, the back parlor on the first floor being Buller’s 
 consulting room, the front room a waiting room, used in the 
 morning as a breakfast room. The second floor front room was 
 Osler’s consulting room, library and office; the other rooms were 
 used as bedrooms. Osler said that I was to become the third 
 member of the family. Buller acted more deliberately, and it 
 was some little time before these latter rooms were rearranged and 
 I was given the third floor front as my bedroom and study. Here, 
 until I left Montreal after my graduation, I lived all through my 
 studentship. | 
 
 Osler never did anything by halves. From those who were 
 willing and ready to work with him his demands were unlimited, 
 but for this he more than repaid in the opportunities and good 
 fellowship that he returned. I thus had every opportunity for 
 the most intimate knowledge of all his mental and physical activi- 
 ties. Soon I found that through his whole-heartedness his friends 
 had become my friends, but not, of course, through any virtue 
 of mine; his pleasures and joys he shared with all those about him, 
 talking freely of all that he had on hand, for in his ebullient en- 
 thusiasm he was still a school boy. In his course of life he was 
 more regular and systematic than words can say; in fact, it was 
 hardly necessary, living in the house with him, to have a time- 
 piece of one’s own. One could tell the time exactly from his 
 
 5Aquanimitas. 2nd Edition, p. 363. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 168 EaRLIeR YEARS OF Sip WI1LLIAM OsLER—ROGERS 
 
 movements from the hour of his rising at seven-thirty until he 
 turned out his light at eleven o’clock. His cheerfulness and equan- 
 imity were surprising. He never lost an opportunity of saying 
 a word of cheerful encouragement. Nothing ruffled his wonderful 
 good temper. 
 
 We three had breakfast together at eight o’clock. The only 
 impatience I can recollect his ever showing was when the house- 
 keeper was a little tardy in putting our breakfast on the table. 
 During breakfast Osler allowed himself leisure to glance over the 
 morning paper, and in doing this he noted and remembered all 
 important events going on in the world. Nine o’clock found him 
 sitting down at his desk in his work room. His favourite working 
 place all through his life was his library table. In his tastes and 
 instincts he was essentially literary, and he always had a day’s 
 work laid out before the day began. Hours for meals, hours for 
 recreation, hours for every duty were kept with absolute rigidity. 
 He was always deliberate in every movement, never rushing, 
 never hesitating. One of his constant principles was that each day 
 should be complete and sufficient within itself. 3 
 
 At 10 o’clock p.m. exactly he went to bed, and the hour from 
 ten to eleven every night was devoted to the reading of non-medical 
 classics. He never read light literature, and his favourite books 
 were few but were thoroughly studied. He gives a list of what he 
 calls his “bedside library” on the last page of the later editions 
 of Aquanimitas, and these were the books that he always liked 
 near him. In his early days the Religio M edici® was his constant 
 companion, and from the diligence with which he read and re- 
 read it, he must almost have known it by heart. In his address on 
 Sir Thomas Browne” he speaks lovingly of its influence on his life. 
 This hour with the great writers undoubtedly was the main im- 
 pulse to his great literary attainments. 
 
 At this time Osler had no private practice and had no desire 
 for any. An occasional case seen in consultation gave him ample 
 material for investigation, and when he saw something that he 
 did not understand his rule was to study that condition thoroughly 
 and, usually, to write a paper upon it, and such papers have gener- 
 ally become the classic on the subject. 
 
 6“ Roligio Medici.” An address delivered at Chiswick. Guy’s Hospital 
 Repts., October, 1905. Published, London Pr 
 
 ess. 
 7AD address on Sir Thomas Browne, delivered at the Physical Society, 
 Guy’s Hospital, October 12, B.M.J., 1905, Vol. 11, pp. 993-998. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 1881 
 
 OSLER IN 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Early Portraits 
 
 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 at Trinity College. 
 
 oraph made in London. 
 ity. 
 
 > 
 
 s at McGill! University. 
 Photo 
 
 youth 
 (4) The ‘‘Baby Professor’’ at McGill Univers 
 
 (2) In his early student day 
 (3) In his post-graduate course. 
 
 (1) Asa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EARLIER YEARS OF SrR WILLIAM OSLER—RoGERS 169 
 
 I became, of course, very familiar with Osler’s work in the 
 dead-house; indeed, here I was soon installed as his assistant. 
 During my second year, the hospital was unable to publish a 
 report, so Osler made a selection of important cases and copied 
 them all by hand himself, mimeographed them on the instrument 
 that was the progenitor of that now in use, and had the few copies 
 that he made bound in book form. These few copies will now each 
 be of value to his admirers. 
 
 His great ambition from the first was, naturally, an appoint- 
 ment on the staff of the hospital. These positions were not easily 
 obtained and there was great competition for each vacancy, es- 
 pecially among men older than he. In 1878, however, a vacancy 
 occurred, and every possible interest that could be roused was 
 brought to bear. As usual his desire was fulfilled. Immediately 
 he started for Europe and put in the summer drilling in the hos- 
 pitals where he could derive the most benefit. 
 
 At this time, though a very careful clinical student, he was 
 almost a nihilist in therapeutics. One of his favourite axioms was 
 that in the last hundred years no one had done the good in the 
 practice of medicine that had been done by Hahnemann. ‘This, 
 he would explain, was not due to any scientific theory or important 
 truth that Hahnemann had advanced, but that, by the applica- 
 tion of his methods, it had been demonstrated to the medical pro- 
 fession that the natural tendency of disease was towards re- 
 covery, and that the best results were usually achieved if the pa- 
 tient were decently cared for and properly nursed. He believed 
 that too much medicine was still being used, and that overtreat- 
 ment was the medical fault of the day. 
 
 When, therefore, his time came to take charge of a section of 
 the hospital older doctors looked on with bated breath, expecting 
 disastrous consequences. He began by clearing up his ward com- 
 pletely. All the unnecessary semblances of sickness and treat- 
 ment were removed; it was turned from a sick room into a bright, 
 cheerful room of repose. Then he started in with his patients. 
 Very little medicine was given. To the astonishment of everyone, 
 the chronic beds, instead of being emptied by disaster were emp- 
 tied rapidly through recovery; under his stimulating and encourag- 
 ing influence, the old cases nearly all disappeared, the new cases 
 stayed but a short time. The revolution was wonderful. It was 
 one of the most forceful lessons in treatment that had ever been 
 
 15 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 170 EARLIER YEARS OF Sir WILLIAM OSLER—ROGERS 
 
 demonstrated. Dr. Thomas McCrae in his article on “Osler and 
 Patient,’® says: “It has been said by some that Sir William 
 Osler was not particularly interested in psychotherapy, but one 
 might say that he did not need to be; he practiced it, not always 
 consciously, perhaps, but always effectively.” 
 
 In the analysis of his character one is first of all impressed by 
 the perfect balance and equilibrium between all sides of his nature. 
 I have never, I think, known a man who had such absolute self- 
 control. His great gentleness and humanitarian qualities, his love 
 for children and the society of refined women, and his extraordi- 
 nary equanimity were characteristics known to all his friends. 
 
 Briefly summarizing, we may say that the amount of work 
 that Osler produced was immense; most versatile; always good; 
 always brilliant, and much of it highly scientific. In scientific 
 medicine he was one of the many who took part in the great ad- 
 vance of the past fifty years, no one of whom stands individually 
 preeminent. But in the educational, sociological and cultural 
 fields, he stands preeminently alone, a solitary genius. 
 
 No one can measure the degree to which our educational and 
 ethical standards have been advanced under his influence. Every 
 member of the profession has been directly or indirectly affected 
 by his consistently held and boldly advanced principles. Every 
 medical student during each day of his school career recelves 
 a better course because of the standards and mode of instruction 
 that Osler has taught us. 
 
 To have known him well is a constant, unfailing inspiration. 
 There was no other side to his character. The more intimately 
 one came to know him, the deeper one found the genuineness of 
 his unfathomed manhood. 
 
 You can, then, well appreciate my point of view when I say 
 that, apart from my immediate family affairs, the remembrance 
 of him occupies the most revered place among my memories of the 
 past, and that, to me, all that pertains to him seems almost 
 sacred. 
 
 
 
 8“ Osler and Patient. By Thomas McCrae. Johns Hopkins Hospital 
 Bulletin, 1919, p. 202. See also p. 55 of “Tributes.” | 
 
 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF SIR WILLIAM OsLER—OsBORNE 171 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 MARIAN OSBORNE 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 HEN it was decided, in the year 1871, that William Osler 
 
 should reside in Montreal, it was arranged that he should 
 
 live in the home of my mother, who was the daughter of the 
 
 English surgeon, Edward Osler, an elder brother of the father 
 of William. 
 
 My recollections of the young man, as he was then, are among 
 the earliest of my life. They are of a man whose cognomen was, 
 in those days, simply Bill Osler. The down was just coming on 
 his lip; he had flashing dark eyes, a clear olive skin and a vivid 
 laugh. He adored children and they were always fascinated by 
 him. My brothers and I used to watch for him to come 
 home from his lectures. He always came down the street 
 at a swinging pace with the spring on the ball of the foot, which 
 he kept till the day of his last illness. He entered the house with a 
 cheerful whistle; that was the signal for clapping hands of joy 
 from the children as the principal actor entered the dining room. 
 “O, the darlings,” he would call out gaily and wave to us 
 in greeting. Then he would put his hands lightly on the dining 
 room table and vault across its width. To us it seemed a marvel- 
 lous feat. He was the Fairy Prince who could be depended upon 
 to appear at the right moment and save us from the consequences 
 of our misdeeds and abate the wrath of the Olympians. 
 
 “Uncle Bill” was made a professor at McGill University when 
 he was twenty-three, and he was called by the students, who 
 idolized him,—“‘The Baby Professor.” He was younger than 
 many of those whom he taught but he never seemed to have any 
 difficulties with discipline. He was not a disciplinarian with any- 
 one but himself, and his rule for others was the rule of love and 
 understanding. While the students were waiting for their lec- 
 tures, they used to sing their College songs. Some of the Profes- 
 -Sors would walk into the room with a frown and say, “Silence, 
 Gentlemen,” as though they had been insulted, but the “Baby 
 Professor” would wait till the song was ended and then come in 
 smiling with a jest or word of approval. How thrilled I used to be 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 172 RECOLLECTIONS OF Sin WILLIAM OsLER—OSBORNE 
 
 when the students came at night and sang their songs to serenade 
 him. No cavalier that stringed his adoration to his lady love 
 could have awakened more rapture in her breast than those col- 
 lege songs, shouted with hoarse delight, did in mine. 
 
 When Uncle Bill first had to lecture it was a great difficulty 
 to him, and my mother spent many hours in practise with him 
 that he might train and pitch his voice so that it could be heard. 
 He had trouble, too, in preparing his lectures and my Aunt, Miss 
 Jeannette Osler, who lived with us, used to proof-read them with 
 him and help him towards a literary style. It is typical of the man 
 whose “Master-word”’ was “ Work” that he strove until he had 
 overcome his lack of elocution, his shyness and Osler reserve, and 
 had attained a masterly simplicity of style in writing. 
 
 One day we were walking down the street together. He found 
 it difficult to walk in the accepted sense of the term, his nature 
 seemed too buoyant to allow him to place one foot in front of 
 the other as is done by more humdrum individuals. He would 
 dance along humming or whistling. His was the true jote de wre, 
 which never left him in spite of work and sorrow and yeals. 
 On this day we were dancing along St. Catherine Street hand 
 in hand, when an old and very seedy-looking man accosted us 
 and asked for money. Uncle Bill looked at him with his penetrat- 
 ing brown eyes and then said with a laugh—‘ You old rascal, why 
 should I give you money to drink yourself to death?” 
 
 “Well, Sir, you see it lightens the road going.” 
 
 “There is only one thing of value about you and that is your 
 hob-nailed liver.” 
 
 “Tl give it to you, Sir, I'll give it to you.” 
 
 Dr. Osler laughed and putting his hand in his pocket 
 drew out some silver which he gave to the old man, 
 saying—Now, Jehosaphat, promise me you will get some 
 soup before you start in on the gin.” The old fellow eagerly 
 agreed and went away with infirmity in his step. The Doctor 
 looked after him with a thoughtful expression. “ Pretty cold for 
 that poor old fellow,” he murmured, and then I found that we 
 were running after the beggar. 
 
 “Here, take this, I have a father of my own,” said 
 the Doctor, pulling off his overcoat and putting it on the 
 astonished old man. “You may drink yourself to death, 
 
 and undoubtedly will, but I cannot let you freeze to death.” 
 
 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF SiR WILLIAM OSLER—OSBORNE 173 
 
 “Tell me your name, Sir.” 
 
 “William Osler, and don’t forget to leave me that liver.” 
 With a wave of the hand we continued on our dancing 
 way. Virtue was rewarded; two weeks later the old man, before 
 he died in the hospital, made his last will and testament, 
 leaving his “hob-nailed liver and his overcoat to his good 
 friend William Osler.” It was as well, for his ‘‘good friend” would 
 have had to save for many moons before he could have got the 
 wherewithal to buy another coat, and, after it was thoroughly dis- 
 infected, it was as good as new. 
 
 Sir William was always a book-lover and his favourite was 
 ever in his pocket ready to be drawn out and read when oppor- 
 tunity offered. In those days, the first I remember was Tenny- 
 son’s, In Memoriam. Then came Keats’ Endymion; Montaigne’s 
 Essays, The Anatomy of Melancholy, the plays of Shakespeare and 
 Arnold’s Light of Asia. I never saw him idle or sleeping in the 
 day-time, or sitting staring into space. The day always seemed too 
 short for him to accomplish all he desired even with his boundless 
 energy and his system of work. 
 
 On one occasion I was trotting with him through a ward in 
 the Montreal General Hospital. There was an old Scotch woman 
 there making ‘‘a devil of a row,” as one of the doctors expressed 
 it, because she had to go under an operation. She was rocking 
 to and fro in an agony of grief and lifting up her hands and voice 
 in despair to Heaven. Dr. Osler went over to her kindly and 
 patted her shoulder. ‘‘Poor old Scotch body,” he said kindly. 
 “Thole it a bit, thole it a bit.”” She turned to him and clasped 
 his hands in hers, smiling through her tears. ‘O, Sir,” she cried, 
 “T haven’t heard sic a talk since I parted frae Edinboro—Bless 
 you, I maun try to stop frae greeting and grizzling.” He talked 
 to her for a few moments and left her calm and resigned. He 
 used to say to his students, “‘ Never forget the rights of patients”’ 
 and he tried to instil sympathy and tenderness for the poor under 
 their care. The Children’s ward watched for him as Launcelot 
 did for the Lily Maid. They would “listen for his coming and 
 regret his parting step.’”’ Many a time have I walked down the 
 street with him and seen the children rush out to greet him and 
 bring him their sick dolls to mend. He was never in too much of 
 a hurry to stop and have a kind word and a joke ere he danced 
 away. Even then they would follow as fast as their little legs 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 174. RECOLLECTIONS OF Sir WILLIAM OsLER—OSBORNE 
 
 allowed, and he would turn and throw them kisses with both hands 
 as he went backwards down the street. 
 
 I once said,—‘“ Hurry, Hurry, we shall be late.” ‘Hurry? 
 never hurry—hurry is the devil. More people killed by hurry 
 than by disease.” 
 
 One day we went to pay 4 professional call. I waited out- 
 side and noticed that his face was grave and that he did not 
 spring up the steps as usual two at a time. When he came out 
 his face was still more grave and sad. “Is she very ill?” I asked 
 timidly slipping my hand into his. He shook his head “ Very ill— 
 I fear she is like to die.” I was in the depths of despair. To my 
 surprise he suddenly regained his cheerful step and began to whistle. 
 We smiled at each other and the clouds seemed to have rolled 
 away from the sky. 
 
 “Why do you whistle?” He made a grimace as though 
 he were smiling at himself and answered with sadness, ‘‘I whistle 
 that I may not weep.” 
 
 This was part of his philosophy. 
 
 My intimate association with him as guide, philosopher and 
 friend from earliest years until his death leads me to the belief 
 that he was of all men the most Christ-like in his life and the 
 most God-like in his attributes. 
 
 
 
 q 
 
 . ems es 
 
Student Reminiscences—(Montreal Period 
 
 Epirorta, Notr.—The following contributions were received in response to 8 
 letter addressed by the Editor to graduates from McGill University in 
 the period of Dr. Osler’s professoriate (1874-1884), requesting reminis- 
 cences of their student days under him. Several other replies were re- 
 ceived which it has been impossible to publish owing to overlapping of 
 material and lack of space. All these contributions are gratefully ac- 
 knowledged. 
 
 & J se 
 
 S one of the members of the class that took Osler’s first course of lec- 
 tures in the Medical Faculty of McGill University, I may say, to 
 begin with, that he was always interesting. 
 
 Osler succeeded Morley Drake in the chair of the Institutes of Medi- 
 cine in 1874. He spoke very quietly, deliberately and clearly. We soon 
 realized that his lectures, although simple, his meaning always being evi- 
 dent, were at the same time thoroughly up to date and that we were getting 
 the last word on each subject taken up. Although somewhat youthful 
 in appearance when compared with others of our teachers, yet there was 
 at once noticeable a loftiness and dignity of character associated with an 
 ever present vein of humour. No member of the class missed one of 
 Osler’s lectures. They were entertaining as well as instructive. It may 
 be said that we were prepared to give him a cordial welcome because we 
 seemed to know him before he came to us as a teacher. While a student 
 he had shown unusual interest in pathology. We had all seen the strips 
 of intestine mounted on sheets of glass, illustrating typhoid ulcers, in 
 different stages up to the point of perforating, that were on view in the 
 museum and which were used by Dr. Howard in his lectures on typhoid 
 fever. Of course in those days there were no physiological laboratories, 
 but his clearness of expression and the illustrations that he was able to 
 provide gave us a very comprehensive grasp of the subject, together with 
 an ambition to learn more. 
 
 Osler was a teacher, but he was more, he was an educator. He 
 stimulated every one that came near him. He not only communicated 
 facts but aroused an interest in the subject that he discussed. He left 
 one not with the feeling that finality had been reached, but rather that 
 there was much more to learn about it. 
 
 Osler organized the first class in histology in McGill. It was a 
 voluntary class, held on Saturday afternoons in the cloak-room in the 
 basement of the Medical building. I think that every member of the 
 class of ’77 joined. We were given bits of tissue which we imbedded in 
 little paper boxes with wax. We made the paper boxes, poured in the 
 paraffin, and then cut our own sections with a razor. We thought them 
 very good, and indeed they served their purpose, and the keenest one 
 among us was our teacher, who never failed to commend a particularly 
 thin smooth section. After we became somewhat familiar with the nor- 
 mal tissues we were given abnormal tissues and we then laid the founda- 
 tion of our knowledge of pathology. We did not regard this as work. It 
 was made so interesting that our Saturday afternoons were looked to as 
 a real half-holiday. 
 
 Osler was interested in medicine and made us feel that our work was 
 
 175 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 176 Srupent REMINISCENCES, MontTREAL PERIOD—ARMSTRONG 
 
 to be applied later on in our hospital work. I cannot but think that 
 Osler’s teaching of the Institutes of Medicine was greatly enhanced by 
 the fact that he was a keen student of clinical medicine. This became very 
 evident in later years at the meetings of the Medico-Chirurgical Society. 
 It is quite safe to say that no pathologist since Osler has made the exhibi- 
 tion of pathological specimens so attractive to the Society as did Osler. 
 One may say he made it the feature of the evening. ‘The members made 
 a particular effort to come on time to hear Osler’s talk on the specimens 
 that he brought. His talks were short and very much to the point. He 
 seemed to know intuitively about what and how much the members wanted 
 and could appreciate. 
 
 His genius placed the pathological department of the Montreal 
 General Hospital on a high plane. To-day his records of autopsies are 
 models at once of brevity and completeness. He, however, did it under 
 dificult and trying conditions. The luxurious housing and equipment 
 of this department came after Osler left Montreal. He did the autopsies 
 in an old outbuilding in which were a wooden table and a stove. In the 
 winter it was only heated when required, and many a day I have made a 
 fre in the little stove, that at the same time warmed the room more or 
 less, often less, and heated the water. A wooden table, a bucket of warm 
 water and a meagre supply of instruments in the Master’s hands yielded 
 results not to be surpassed at the present period. So keen was he in his 
 search after truth that he was always willing to go to a private house and 
 do an autopsy. In my earlier years of practice Osler did many autopsies 
 for me in private houses, often among the poor when there was no fee for 
 the attendant nor the pathologist, and yet he did it in such a way that one 
 was made to feel that the compliment was paid to him, and that the 
 interest in the findings more than repaid him for his trouble. 
 
 Osler always stimulated those with whom he came in contact, old 
 and young. ‘There are emanations from men as well as from radium. 
 The emanations from Osler were pleasant, cheerful, optimistic and en- 
 couraging. One of his admirers said of himself what I think was unl- 
 versally true, that he never went into Osler’s room that he did not come 
 out with a cubit added to his stature. 
 
 He did a great deal in reorganizing the Medical Faculty of McGill, 
 but the wonder is that he did it without offending anyone or making an 
 enemy. This may bea gift. ‘The secret I think was his great heart, his 
 wonderful humanity. He loved his fellow men. 
 
 Montreal Geo. E. Armstrong (M.D. 1877) 
 a at & 
 
 Osler from the Standpoint of the Undergraduate* 
 
 [? was in the first days of the month of October of the year 1882 that 
 
 IT entered the office of the Registrar of the Medical Faculty in McGill 
 University, to enroll myself as a student in Medicine, and met the then 
 Registrar—Dr. Osler. As was his custom he speedily put me at my 
 ease, by asking a few questions designed to enable him to place himse 
 en rapport with the new student. Why had I entered McGill? Where 
 was my home? Did I know .... and .... , who lived there? 
 
 cies iemeatd 
 *Reprinted by permission from the Canad, Practit., 1922, XLVII, 242-243. 
 
 
 
REMINISCENCES, MONTREAL PERIOD—WISHART 177 
 
 We met again on the street some few weeks later, when to my utter 
 amazement he saluted me by name, and asked at once if I had heard 
 any news of the various individuals about whom he had enquired on the 
 previous occasion. 
 
 I was then a graduate of Arts in the University of Toronto, and had 
 passed through the hands of the late Judge Falconbridge, and Professor 
 Baker in their capacities as Registrars, and was thus able to claim that 
 I knew something of the limitations of that office. This was a new 
 genus—a Registrar that knew his students by name at the second meet- 
 ng, a Registrar that took an interest in you, and desired your friend- 
 ship. 
 
 I at once felt that I had found a friend, but put it down to the fact 
 that I was a nephew to Dr. Stevenson, one of the four who founded the 
 Medical Faculty of McGill, and to my being a B.A. of another Uni- 
 versity from which it might be well to attract students. 
 
 I talked to my classmates, and found that practically every one of 
 them felt as I did to Osler—considered him as a personal friend, had 
 been placed upon some special relationship to him, was bound to him 
 by some link which was purely personal. 
 
 This was the key-note. Osler forged this personal link with every 
 student individually, and this link was never broken, though the years 
 might be many which intervened between their meetings. I have been 
 closely in touch with the students of two faculties of medicine for the 
 past forty years, and I never knew a man who possessed this capacity 
 for intimacy with his students in any degree measuring up to that pos- 
 sessed by Osler. Once Osler shook his hand, the student had found a 
 friend for life and knew it. | 
 
 In addition to his duty as Registrar of the Faculty, Osler was Pro- 
 fessor of the Institutes of Medicine—now known as Physiology—and 
 delivered, as was the custom of the time, one hundred lectures each 
 session, each student being required to repeat the course, and pass two 
 examinations. When I entered as a student he had been a teacher in 
 the Faculty for eight years. 
 
 To any one who merely dropped in for one lecture, Osler’s delivery 
 might be described as stumbling, even stuttering, but to us students he 
 was delightfully clear, distinct and convincing. We were able to take 
 down notes in extenso. In the Histological Laboratory, of which he also 
 had charge, his manner with the students was stimulating and we came 
 to each period with fresh interest, because we were led on, by the con- 
 cluding words of the previous demonstration, to expect a fresh develop- 
 ment of the plot, and we were kept keyed up throughout. 
 
 To encourage me to study, later on he invited me to his office, and 
 offered the loan of works on Physiology published in French—again the 
 personal touch, the welding of the link. That I spent the next holiday 
 collecting and shipping live frogs for Osler was a personal testimony to 
 his effect upon me, and I have never ceased to give thanks that I reached 
 McGill in time to spend two years under the guidance of one who was 
 at once the friend and inspiration of the undergraduate in medicine. 
 
 Toronto, Canada D. J. Gibb Wishart, (1885) M.D. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 178 SrupENT REMINISCENCES, MonTREAL PERIOD—WoopD 
 
 é Voit truest test of the extent to which in old age events of early man- 
 
 hood make their imprint on memory is the distinctness or other- 
 wise of the visual images one conjures up as he reflects on the occurrences 
 and activities of a period long past. Judged by this evidence the relations 
 of Osler to his students in the old Montreal General Hospital remain— 
 or seem to remain—as if they were the happenings of yesterday. Of 
 course, at the time we were but dimly conscious of the extraordinary 
 powers—probably at that stage of his career only partially developed— 
 of the remarkable instructor that had come among Us. This promise or 
 simulacrum of greatness was, I think, more evident in his course on 
 practical pathology than in his didactie teachings, popular as the latter 
 always were. Nor did his hospital ‘walks and talks,” attractive and 
 instructive as they also invariably were, impress most of us as particu- 
 larly brilliant, because there was at McGill in those days, a cluster of 
 truly great clinicians, among whom one may mention Palmer Howard, 
 George Ross, F. J. Shepherd and Sir Thomas Roddick. He who sur- 
 passed these men must indeed be of giant stature! Consequently, I am 
 impelled to believe that the outstanding triumph of the Chief’s hospital 
 career was his success in bringing home the truth, trite enough in these 
 times, but not fully recognized forty years ago, that the post-mortem 
 examination is not wholly an occasion for satisfying a lively curiosity as 
 to the cause of death, not even done to settle a dispute between rival 
 diagnosticians, but that it is in essence a necessary sequence in the report 
 of a case that has had a fatal termination. To this end the student was 
 encouraged—as only Osler could encourage him—to learn all that could 
 possibly be known of the subject under consideration, living and dead. 
 In this fertile field Osler displayed to the best advantage all his magnetic 
 powers of persuasion and all the educational force that attend one fully 
 conversant with his subject. 
 
 An aura of contagious enthusiasm seemed to surround this student’s 
 companion, and any work in which he took an interest appeared to be an 
 inspiration to go and do likewise—if not exactly the same quality of work, 
 as near it as possible. 
 
 Those of us who were lucky enough to hold Clinical Clerkships in the 
 “General” during the Osler regime never failed to be present at those 
 sections of which, so to speak, pars magna fuerunt; for were we not, in 
 the autopsy room at least, regarded as something more than mere by- 
 standers?—almost as equals in the medical valley of J ehoshaphat? Later— 
 but surely not then—we realized that the consideration thus shown us 
 by the Chief was not only the lure that drew all men to him, but that it 
 converted every graduate within his zone of influence into what an irrever- 
 ent one called a “shouter for pathology.” 
 
 _ There are substantial reasons why the complete story of this new 
 birth in exact research cannot be told in print, nevertheless the ways and 
 means often adopted by followers of the beloved professor to acquire 
 “material” for his and their investigations, as well as their efforts to sur 
 mount the barriers of public prejudice, attest the depth and extent of the 
 enthusiasm which the great pathologist aroused by his teaching and by 
 his personal contact. 
 
 All this was, of course, but a variant of the old story; every medical 
 student of the Oslerian period at McGill was not merely a friend and con- 
 fidant of the Chief; he was the particular friend and confidant. 
 
 And after all is said, that was the secret and mainspring of Osler’s 
 
SrupENT REMINISCENCES, MonTREAL PrER1Iop— Woop 179 
 
 enduring influence over us and the principal reason why, for his sake, 
 even the least of us tried “‘to live and love and do a little work.” 
 
 Chicage Casey A. Wood (M.D 1877) 
 a & & 
 
 ORE than forty-five years have elapsed since my first introduction to 
 
 Osler. He was then the recently appointed Professor of Physiology 
 
 in McGill University, and I was a first year student in the Faculty of 
 
 Medicine. Although neither he nor I suspected it, the acquaintance 
 
 begun at that time ripened into a close friendship which terminated only 
 at his death. 
 
 Memories of so distant a period often lack definition, and moreover 
 are liable to be moulded in some degree by later knowledge and experi- 
 ence, and also by greater intimacy between the individuals. Neverthe- 
 less in response to a request I venture to record briefly some of the recollec- 
 tions of my college days which centre around him, whom we students 
 respected as ‘‘ Professor Osler,’”’ and loved as ‘‘ Billy Osler.”’ 
 
 I remember with so much admiration almost all the Professors and 
 Lecturers of the Medical Faculty of those days, that I am very reluctant 
 to suggest comparisons between Osler and his colleagues. However, with- 
 out any disparagement to the others, I can truthfully say that before I 
 had completed more than a few months as a student I was conscious that 
 there was something in Osler’s teaching which rendered it unusually ac- 
 ceptable and attractive. It was certainly not any exceptional eloquence 
 as a lecturer, for in my youthful estimation there were at least two of his 
 colleagues with superior oratorical powers; moreover, I do not think it 
 was solely his wonderful personality, though this undoubtedly influenced 
 all his students. My belief is that gradually and almost unconsciously 
 I became impressed by certain characteristics which illumined his teaching 
 in those early days, and which shone even more brightly in later years. 
 I allude to his obvious earnestness and sincerity, his love of truth, ex- 
 emplified in lectures by a regard for accuracy of statement, his infectious 
 enthusiasm, his keen desire to impart knowledge and to encourage his 
 students to pursue it; also, though this may have been an impression of 
 later date, his devotion to the scientific side of medicine. 
 
 While by no means unmindful of the dignity of his professional posi- 
 tion, Osler was very approachable and evinced a desire to establish per- 
 sonal relations with every man in his class. Students who sought his 
 advice or assistance could always obtain an interview and never came 
 away empty-handed. 
 
 A final word concerning Osler as an examiner. I have had a rather 
 extensive experience as an examiner in Montreal and London, and on 
 two occasions I was associated with Osler as co-examiner. I can say un- 
 hesitatingly that I have never met a more ideal examiner. His examina- 
 tions were thoroughly practical and very searching. He had no use for 
 the tricky petty questions in which some examiners delight and his manner 
 was that of an interested questioner endeavouring to gain information. 
 But he very quickly ascertained whether the examinee’s knowledge was 
 sound, or the superficial variety derived from cramming. I cannot imag- 
 ine that any ill-equipped, but plausible candidate ever succeeded in de- 
 luding him. 
 
 London, England J.B. Lawford (M.D. 1879) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 180 SrupENT REMINISCENCES, MonTREAL PERIOD—CHISHOLM 
 
 Cape ‘tem in the Public Press, that the remains of Sir William Osler 
 
 were cremated in London, gave me an additional Eve: Not that I 
 object to cremation, but that cremation so forcibly depicts the end of 
 human life. 
 
 How we respected and loved Osler in my class of ’79 at McGill! 
 How he worked for the students and made them a part of himself! After 
 graduating I was stranded in Montreal. My instincts assured me that 
 the beloved Osler would help me out. ‘How much do you want?” “TI 
 want fifteen dollars.” ‘Oh, that is not enough, here is twenty-five. 
 Glad you came to tell me.” And without even asking me for an 1.0.0. 
 he gave me a parting cheer. Such was the heart of Sir William Osler. 
 
 His memory of names was uncanny. Some twenty-five years later 
 I called to see him in Baltimore. I rang the bell and just then the door 
 opened,—Osler escorting two patients, Sisters of Charity. After bidding 
 them farewell he gave me an enquiring look. I blurted out ‘‘Chisholm.” 
 “Oh, come in, Murdoch, I am so glad to see you, how are you getting on?” 
 
 Next day in the hospital-wards he could not do enough for me. 
 Everything worth demonstrating he showed me. Among the rest was 
 a case of Pulmonary Osteo-arthropathy. “Come, I want to show you 
 something new.” After his showing the case I said, ‘That is nothing 
 new to me. I demonstrated this condition to my class five years ago.” 
 As if in doubt, he gravely asked, ‘‘What kind of a case was it?” “An 
 old case of Empyema” I answered. His face relaxed and with a smile 
 he said, ‘Oh, yes, those old suppurative conditions cause it.” Then, 
 “Did you report it?” I said “No.” “Ah, you Eastern fellows hide 
 your light under a bushel.” 
 
 Since then I have had no personal relations with Osler. His memory 
 is very dear to me. I bow to the inevitable with tears. 
 
 Halifax, N.S. Murdoch Chisholm (M.D. 1879) 
 
 (This was published in the Halifax Morning Chronicle at the time of 
 Osler’s death, and is republished here by special permission). 
 
 ze ee & 
 
 A MONS the earliest recollections I have of Dr. Osler, are those of 
 seeing him almost daily walking down McGill College Avenue when 
 I was a High School boy. He always seemed to be in a hurry to get some- 
 where. Asa boy I remember admiring his personal appearance with 
 high silk hat and his Prince Albert coat. He knew all the children on the 
 street and always-had a cheery word for them. Later on as an 
 student, I became slightly acquainted with him as a Professor in another 
 Faculty. My first year in medicine was spent at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, and in the Summer Session following my Freshman year—one 
 day in May while attending a neurological clinic at the University 
 Hospital, I was surprised to see Dr. Osler seated on one of the back 
 benches, like any other student. I went up and spoke to him at once and 
 he was very glad to see me. He remarked “Wasn’t that a splendi 
 Clinic by Dr. C. K. Mills?—He is thoroughly at home in his subject.” 
 I was surprised and delighted to be invited to dine with Dr. Osler that 
 evening at the Old Continental Hotel where we had a good talk about 
 Montreal and medical matters in general. My last three years in Medi- 
 
 
 
StupENT REMINISCENCES, MoNTREAL PERiopD—Darey 181 
 
 cine were spent at McGill where I sat at Dr. Osler’s feet in Physiology 
 and Pathology and followed his clinics in the Summer Sessions at the 
 Montreal General Hospital. I remember being called on to do a post- 
 mortem with another student in the spring of 1884. The patient was 
 an old sea captain of the Allan Line, a private patient of the late Dr. Geo. 
 Ross. The ante-mortem diagnosis was ‘‘small contracted kidney.”’ 
 My fellow student got out one kidney which was nearly three times the 
 normal size, and Dr. Ross had an inscrutable look on his face. I got out 
 the other kidney, which was shrivelled up to about the size of a horse 
 chestnut. I remarked to Dr. Osler that the post-mortem findings would 
 fit the diagnosis of ‘small contracted kidney” or “large white kidney,” 
 equally well, and he smilingly agreed with me. I remember in this post- 
 mortem Dr. Osler demonstrating six or eight bird-shot in the appendix, 
 which he attributed to the Allan Line furnishing plenty of game for the 
 Captain’s table. There were no pathological changes in the appendix 
 itself. After graduating in 1885 I went down to Philadelphia and secured 
 a position as Interne in the German Hospital. Dr. Osler, who had been 
 in Philadelphia for a year as Professor of Clinical Medicine in the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania, was very kind to me and gave me a flattering 
 letter of introduction ““To whom it may concern.” He proposed me as 
 an honorary member of the Pathological Society and gave me a standing 
 invitation to drop in and see him whenever I felt like it, which permission 
 I gladly availed myself of frequently during the year I was in Philadelphia. 
 When I came out West I used to correspond with him and was always 
 cheered by his wise words of counsel and advice. In a letter dated Balti- 
 more, 1905, he gave me the following characteristic bit of advice, “Go 
 slowly, and attend to your work, live a godly life and avoid mining shares. * 
 
 After his text-book on Practice had been out some years, I ventured 
 one day to tell him of a frequent criticism of his book that I have heard 
 from Western Medical men to the effect that his text-book was splendid 
 on diagnosis and pathology, but lamentably weak on treatment, and treat- 
 ment was what they wanted. In his answer to my letter he said—“ About 
 my text-book; there is so much treatment abroad in the country that I 
 have to do all I possibly can to lessen it.”’ 
 
 When our County Medical Society was trying to establish a small 
 Medical Library in Sioux City, I wrote him about it, and asked if he could 
 manage to give us some assistance in the matter. He replied from Ox- 
 ford, in 1911—“I will send you some books with pleasure, and will keep 
 the Library in mind.” 
 
 Every Christmas for a number of years he used to send me some small 
 — printed by the University Press, Oxford, as a reminder of the 
 
 eason. 
 
 During the nine years of my University life, Dr. Osler was, without 
 exception, the most popular and best-beloved of all the teachers that I 
 came in contact with. I never remember having heard him slightingly 
 spoken of by any of his students. I have his photograph on my desk, 
 given me in 1885 in Philadelphia, as a constant reminder of one of the best 
 friends and physicians I ever met; as a continual incentive to try and 
 make of myself the kind of physician he wished all his students to be; a 
 never-ending argument for higher thoughts, for nobler deeds, for greater 
 achievements. 
 
 Stoux City, Iowa J. Herbert Darey (M.D. 1885) 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 182 Srupent Reminiscences, MonTREAL PrERIOD—RUTTAN 
 
 Cys influence on the profession in Montreal and on the students 
 in the Medical Faculty was at its highest during his last three years 
 at MeGill. vi 
 
 The late Dr. Wyatt Galt Johnston was one of the many who derived 
 their initial impulse towards a career in science from Osler. Over forty 
 years ago, from 1881 to 1883, Wyatt Johnston, while still a student in 
 medicine, was his assistant in the laboratory work connected with the 
 chair of Institutes of Medicine. He prepared his microscopic slides for 
 demonstrations in histology and the material for practical physiology in 
 the little room dignified by the name of ‘‘Physiological Laboratory.” 
 Johnston’s work was a privilege which we all envied him, but we recog- 
 nized that Osler’s choice among the members of our year was a wise one. 
 Johnston’s great capacity for work, his thirst for knowledge and his in- 
 tense interest in pathology was as marked a characteristic of him as a 
 student as it was in later life. 
 
 He accompanied Osler and assisted him in most of the autopsies per- 
 formed in private houses, many of these were made in the houses of the 
 poor in the slums of the city. Osler’s pathological demonstrations at the 
 meetings of the Montreal Medico-Chirurgical Society had created a great 
 interest in morbid anatomy among the practitioners of the city and, as a 
 result, special efforts were made by the medical profession to obtain 
 private post-mortems in cases of special interest. If Wyatt Johnston 
 was not available on one of these occasions, the student invited to take his 
 place as assistant considered himself especially fortunate. A run to 
 Point St. Charles in a carter’s sleigh with Osler to do a post-mortem in 
 some humble tenement was an event long to be remembered. The care 
 with which the autopsy was made and the consideration shown the 
 relatives of the deceased formed an object lesson in tact and in human 
 sympathy which left a life-long impression. 
 
 Osler inspired both Wyatt Johnston and the writer with a love of 
 science for its own sake and with ambition to master each his own sub- 
 ject. The desire to follow his example in research and to acquire some 
 of his enthusiasm diverted our paths in life from the practice of medicine 
 to the study of the special science in which each of us was interested. His 
 advice led to our going to Germany together in 1885 for graduate work, 
 Johnston with Virchow and the writer with Hoffman. He communica 
 with us at intervals and the writer still treasures the kindly letter of con- 
 —— received on the publication of his first chemical paper i 
 
 erlin. 
 
 From the funds of the summer session of 1882, chemical apparatus 
 was purchased for the physiological laboratory, and the writer, who had & 
 good training in chemistry before coming to McGill, had the honour of 
 acting as Osler’s assistant in demonstrating a course in clinical and physio- 
 logical chemistry during the summer session of 1883. This was the first 
 attempt in McGill, and probably the first in Canada, to demonstrate 
 practically the relation between physiology and chemistry. 
 
 Osler’s influence over the students as a whole was never shown better 
 than when, one night in 1883, by a humorous and kindly address to & 
 crowded lecture room, he diverted a mob of angry students, armed Wi 
 clubs and sticks, from an organized attack upon the police of Montreal. 
 He sympathized with us in our grievance, but simply laughed us into good 
 humour. The result was a harmless procession instead of a disgrace! 
 riot.—R. F. Ruttan, B.A., D.Sc. M.D., ’84, Director of Department of 
 Chemistry, McGill University. 
 
 
 
SruDENT REMINISCENCES, MONTREAL PERIOD—ScHMIDT 183 
 
 oo ape WILLIAM OSLER first became known to me in 1882, when 
 
 I joined the class of Medicine at McGill. He was then teacher of 
 the Institutes of Medicine (Physiology, Pathology, and Histology). 
 From the time I saw him, a small, alert, black-eyed, intellectual looking 
 young man, he gave me the impression that he was one of the most, if 
 not the most, intelligent-looking man I had ever met. His whole appear- 
 ance, his speech and his ways and manners, all seemed so easy, and indi- 
 cated to my mind a very well-balanced man, mentally as well as bodily, 
 with an exquisitely perfect control over his actions and movements. He 
 was my teacher during the two Sessions of 1882-83 and 1883-84. During 
 those years nothing but pleasantness occurred between my beloved pro- 
 fessor and his humble pupil. 
 
 He had a way of ordering without commanding. His spring of 
 affection was of the same dimensions as his fountain of intellect, and 
 they were both immense. 
 
 I remember when I went to register, Dr. Osler being Registrar, he 
 presented me with Carpenter’s work on Physiology. As a gift to a stu- 
 dent he had never seen before, this of course proved the kind of man he 
 was. Possibly he diagnosed a case of want when he saw me. 
 
 If there were any little misunderstandings between the students and 
 the police, which kind of disturbance was likely to occur once in a while 
 in those days, Osler would be seen stepping lightly, but with an air of 
 determination, into the meeting hall where the students had met to de- 
 liberate and arm themselves with thigh bones, etc., before going down to 
 meet the enemy!—to give us the advice of prudence, calmness and cool- 
 ness, telling us what we ought to do in order to diminish our “blood pres- 
 sure” and so avoid any collision with the guardians of the peace. 
 
 There never was the least disturbance during Professor Osler’s lecture 
 or demonstration, for the student “body” realized that he was a man to 
 command both respect and attention. 
 
 He had a habit of walking up and down the platform during his lec- 
 tures as he was hammering in his knowledge forcefully into our more or 
 less receptive intellectual nerve cells. He did not speak volubly, but 
 every word and sentence were well thought out before being said, and so 
 his lectures were very impressive and his teaching deposited deeply and 
 permanently in the recesses of his listeners’ brains. 
 
 Dr. Osler considered the post-mortem as the medical lesson par 
 excellence, and he was always so anxious that the autopsies should be 
 attended without fail, that he would not be satisfied with putting up 4 
 notice, but would tell his assistant, Dr. Wyatt Johnson, to advise us indi- 
 vidually at the College, there was to be a post-mortem at such a time. 
 
 The way he said good-bye to his class when he left McGill for the 
 University of Pennsylvania was characteristic. He walked up and down 
 the platform, trying to express his regret at leaving us, but finished by 
 saying—‘Gentlemen—there is no use talking. I must admit that I 
 am leaving McGill for a larger field through ambition.” 
 
 And so there came about an immense void at McGill and a tremen- 
 dous loss for the Medical Students of that Institution. We lost his im- 
 mediate teaching of medicine, and his example as a man possessed of high 
 ideals and lofty purpose. Possibly we should thank Providence that 
 Professor Sir William Osler divided his life between McGill, the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins and Oxford; in that way a larger 
 number benefitted by his presence. 
 
 Montreal A. Schmidt (M.D. 1886) 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 184 SrupentT REMINISCENCES, MonTREAL PERIOD—SMITH 
 
 ROM one August evening in 1880 when I first met Sir William Osler 
 
 until I left pee in June, 1883, with the coveted McGill Medical 
 
 degree of M.D., C.M., we were in almost daily contact. He the persistent, 
 incisive teacher, and I one of a class of pretty good medical students. 
 
 That first evening was impressive. He was working with a micro- 
 scope with Ogden, a third year medical student. When I told him I was 
 a Yankee from Connecticut, a graduate of Yale Academy, with tickets 
 showing a full year’s work at the Yale Medical School, and wished to 
 finish my Medical course at McGill for business reasons, he took me in and 
 received me cordially. We were soon at work at the microscope, and with 
 a running fire of questions and general talk, the evening passed quickly 
 and pleasantly. 
 
 It was Osler’s plan to begin promptly at 12:30 on his autopsies, and 
 I made it my plan to take a quick lunch and be there with him. If there 
 were two cadavers, he would set me to work to prepare one for inspection 
 while he worked on the other. Then I would write, to his dictation, the 
 finding in his record book. By that time, (about one o’clock), the other 
 members of the class came in and circled around the table for his exposi- 
 tion. 
 
 There were six of us took a summer course (1881) in clinical medicine 
 with Osler. Jerry Howard, son of Dean Howard, was one of the number. 
 We had some wonderful sessions. He would take us to a case in the 
 Hospital. We would take the history, make a physical examination, and 
 then he would have each one of us write out our diagnosis with our rea- 
 sons, and he would do the same. Several cases were checked up by 
 autopsy. 
 
 We had a ripple of excitement in the winter of 1882. A murderer 
 was hung in the prison in Montreal. A few of us final year students with 
 Professor Osler were invited to the autopsy. ‘This was at the time that 
 Benedict had written on the brains of criminals. Osler wanted a hemi- 
 sphere of that brain to study the convolutions. Howard, Ogden, Thorn- 
 ton and myself were in the field to get one. When the cadaver 
 inspected Osler assisted the French pathologist who was doing the au- 
 topsy, to make a microscopic examination. In his inimitable way, he 
 led the pathologist with the microscope to a better light. The crowd fol- 
 lowed. That left us a clear field for the few seconds necessary to remove 
 that hemisphere of the brain. 
 
 At this time Osler was of slender build, lithe in movement; he seemed 
 never to tire. His control over the students was perfect. He was sue 
 a good fellow with the boys, that if anyone made a move to start some- 
 thing, a look was sufficient. 
 
 I had the pleasure of meeting him several times in after life. The 
 last time was at New Haven when he was a guest of the Connecticut 
 State Medical Society in 1913. I was disappointed at not meeting 
 him in London at the Clinical Congress of Surgeons in July, 1914. He 
 was on the programme to read a paper, but owing to some friction some 
 where, he went to Scotland. Then came the war. 
 
 West Meriden, Conn. Edward Wier Smith, F.A.C.S. (M.D. 1883) 
 
 
 
 ?. tas a “ 
 CS ee el eh a ee re 
 
PATHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF OsLER—M. E. Aspsorr 185 
 
 I. THE PATHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE LATE 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER AT McGILL UNIVERSITY 
 — EARLY ACADEMIC INFLUENCES — McGILL’S 
 HEROIC PAST. II. PERSONAL REMINISCENCE. 
 
 Mavupe E. Assort, B.A., M.D. 
 Curator of the Pathological Museum, McGill University 
 
 Part [ 
 
 The Osler Pathological Collections at McGill University (1872-1884). 
 —McGill’s Heroic Past. 
 
 In the passing of Sir William Osler, the medical profession of 
 North America has lost its most beloved and distinguished mem- 
 ber; one whose name has been as a household word among us, 
 whose scientific enthusiasm has leavened, and clinical acumen 
 inspired, the medical teaching of the past three generations, and 
 whose warm-hearted hospitality has been shared by the Profes- 
 sion of two continents these many years. Those portals now are 
 darkened, and the light of mingled genius and human kindness 
 that shone from those burning eyes has been forever quenched! 
 To us there remains a great sadness, and an inheritance that is 
 inviolate—the name of the great Canadian physician and the 
 tradition of his early formative years. 
 
 At this time of retrospect it is of interest to know that there 
 exists what may be termed a unique memorial of the first twelve 
 years of his professional life in the Pathological Collections which 
 he made in the autopsy room of the Montreal General Hospital, 
 of which some 150 specimens have come down to us, which are 
 now housed, in excellent preservation and with full records pertain- 
 ing thereto, in the Pathological Museum of McGill University. 
 
 It is common knowledge that Dr. Osler, after graduating 
 from McGill in 1872, spent two years in ardent post-graduate 
 study abroad, and then, in 1874, was appointed to the Chair of 
 the Institutes of Medicine at McGill, and held this post and that 
 of, Pathologist to the Montreal General Hospital until he left 
 Montreal for Philadelphia in 1884. So that, as in the case of so 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 186 ParnoLocicaL CoLLECTIONS OF OsLER—M. E. Apporr 
 
 
 
 many of the great clinicians who went before him and whose lives 
 he loved to study, the foundations of the skill and knowledge of : 
 his later life were based upon strenuous and studious early years, 
 spent not only at the bedside, but also in the study and demons- — 
 tration of the great science of pathological anatomy. aga 
 The fact is not so well known, that during these years, and 
 even earlier, in his student days, he was not only a pathologist, 
 but also, essentially and to a remarkable extent, a Museum collec. — 
 tor. Just as he was, throughout his life, to use his own words, 
 a note-book man, jotting down for future reference, every point 
 of interest as it occurred, so it was natural for him to set aside for 
 preservation, as a permanent record of important facts, any re- 
 markable material which he came across in his autopsies which 
 illustrated points of teaching value, or which were to him of in- 
 terest as a basis for intensive study. In this way he quickly 3 _ 
 sembled a collection which, while especially rich in specimens of 
 cardiac and arterial, gastric and lung diseases, is representative 
 also of the whole range of human morbid anatomy, as well ass ig 
 nificant of his activities in veterinary* and medico-legal me di- 
 cine. Each specimen has been neatly chiselled down to show 
 lesion freed from encumbering details, and remains of scien 
 interest to-day, bearing silent but emphatic witness to his 
 in dissection and selective faculty. All are fully deseribed 
 hospital protocols of the seven hundred and eighty seven autop 
 performed by him here, which filled five large volumes. Of these, 
 two have come down to us. Written almost entirely in his own fl low- 
 ing hand, every page gives evidence of his powers of clear d icti on 
 and minute observation. Viewed in the light of these records, t ese 
 specimens undoubtedly present, in visible and tangible form, t ne 
 first stepping stones in a great career. As such they are of the 
 utmost biographical interest, and an asset of immense value 1 
 the history of modern seslcnciag: a” 
 From his literary facility and his habit of communicating t io 
 others everything of scientific importance within his knowledge, 
 it happens that nearly every object in the collection has been 
 reported by him either in local Society Proceedings or Reports, 7. 
 or in the Philadelphia Medical News to which he was a constant 
 contributor, while many have been made the subject of exhaustive | 
 
 *For details on this subject, see the Classified Bibliography, this 
 Bulletin. fin 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 f 
 
 fate, © 
 
 wens, eth eM Reinier 9-0 4 
 
 
 
 MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
 AS IT WAS AT THE TIME OF DR. OSLER’S SERVICE SHOWING CUPOLA AND 
 SLOPING ROOF ERECTED IN 1822. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 PATHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF OsLER—M. E. ABBOTT 187 
 
 studies published in foreign or home periodicals. The origin of 
 much of his later work is to be traced here, notably that on typhoid 
 fever, angina pectoris, aneurysms, and cardiac lesions. His 
 Practice of Medicine is literally built up out of his rich memories 
 of these and similar cases and the foregoing clinical histories, 
 accumulated both here and in his later Philadelphia experience, 
 and it abounds in direct references to “that beautiful healed 
 aneurysm,’’ “that wonderful parchment heart,” etc., which apply 
 not only or always to his own material, but also to the older collec- 
 tion placed here by earlier members of the Montreal General 
 Hospital staff before his time, with every specimen of which he was 
 most intimately familiar. How deeply this familiarity had sunk 
 into his consciousness, and become, as it were, a part of his per- 
 sonality and affections, is realized only by those who were privileged 
 to share the daily round of his work in later years, and who heard 
 the quotations from his McGill experience constantly upon his lips. 
 
 The early history of the Museum and of the Faculty and their 
 condition at the time of Dr. Osler’s sojourn as a student are in 
 place here, for they are among the sources on which his genius 
 fed and from which he drew his inspiration. 
 
 The oldest and the parent Faculty of McGill was its Medical 
 School. Like the Medical Departments of the Universities of 
 Edinburgh and Leyden, from which it, like that of the University 
 of Pennsylvania, may be said to be lineally descended, this 
 Faculty took its origin as an extra-mural body, which was later 
 merged with the University proper. It was organized under the 
 title of ‘The Montreal Medical Institution’? in 1823-4, by the 
 first Medical Staff of the Montreal General Hospital, an institu- 
 tion that had from its foundation in the year 1822, embodied in 
 its constitution, as an essential part of its administration, the prin- 
 ciple that clinical instruction must be continuously and actively 
 conducted in its wards. Five years later, on June 29th, 1829, at 
 the first meeting of the Governors of “ McGill College,” this young 
 ‘Medical Institution,” now ‘‘an active teaching body of estab- 
 lished reputation,” was “engrafted upon” the embryo university 
 as its Medical Faculty, and, for nearly thirty strenuous years 
 thereafter, it conducted practically all the academic work that was 
 done in it. Its four Founders were all graduates of the great 
 Scottish University: Drs. William Robertson and William Cald- 
 well, British military surgeons of experience, Drs. A. F. Holmes 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 188 PATHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF OsLER—M. E. Assorr 
 
 and John Stephenson, young Canadians, just returned from the 
 courses of foreign study necessary to the overseas degree, and who 
 subsequently attained distinction, the former as an internist and 
 botanist of repute and the first Dean of the Faculty, and the latter 
 as anatomist and surgeon, first University Registrar and the man 
 whose labours, more than any other single factor, are said to have 
 saved the bequest of James McGill to his University. All were 
 men of vigorous personality and broad educational outlook, who 
 brought to the accomplishment of their pioneer task the tradi- 
 tions and methods of the Edinburgh school, which taught its Medi- 
 cine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, by direct observa- 
 tion at the bedside, in the light of the autopsy findings; and they 
 made an up-to-date Medical Library, and a Museum that became 
 the storehouse of many valued specimens, an essential part of 
 their initial organization. They fostered too the growth of that 
 Natural History Society that became such an important cultural 
 influence in Montreal in Osler’s youth. The great influx of 
 immigration to Montreal in the second and third decades of the 
 century, and the virulent epidemics that repeatedly swept the 
 ranks of the immigrant poor, whose care was a part of the Hos- 
 pital’s special province, made imperative and almost limitless 
 demands upon the charity and devotion of its Attending Staff; 
 while the erection and defence of the proper standards for progres- 
 sive medical education in a community in which quackery a- 
 bounded and into which the institutions of the older French ré- 
 gime had introduced an element of apparent rivalry and at times 
 of actual partisanship, presented problems that called for the 
 highest qualities of zeal, constancy of purpose and astute wisdom. 
 The heroic response of these early British Canadian physicians to 
 the needs of their period is to be traced in the later status of their 
 School. Their successors, through the next. two generations, 
 were mostly men of similar character and like educational ideals, 
 who maintained the institutions and the clinico-pathological 
 bias of their predecessors, and developed, both in wards and dead- 
 house, a grade of instruction and of student work so high that 
 it won universal recognition, and caused this to be designated, 
 in the sixties, by the President of one of the Royal Colleges of 
 Edinburgh, “the best and most complete medical university i 
 America.’’* 
 
 *See Can. Med. & Surg., 1861, II, 207. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 PATHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS oF OsLER—M. E. ABBoTT 189 
 
 The contemporary medical literature yields abundant evi- 
 dence of these high standards and scientific proclivities. As early 
 as 1824, Dr. Andrew Holmes, that gentle and ardent biologist and 
 clinico-pathologist, published a classical study, with autopsy 
 findings, of “‘An Unusual Case of Malformation of the Heart,”’ 
 in the Transactions of the Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Society* 
 that remains unique in the literature; the remarkable specimen is 
 still on the shelves of the Museum, in perfect preservation, the 
 most historic object in this University. Later contributions by 
 the same author, ‘‘Holmes on the Cases of Cholera Treated in 
 Montreal” (Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1833). ‘The 
 First Two Applications of Chloroform in Canada” (1847), “On 
 a Fatal Case of Jaundice with Remarks” (1857), ‘‘Lectures on 
 Heart Disease’’ (1848); Badgley “‘On the Irish Immigrant Fever,” 
 based on twelve autopsies and a large clinical experience (1848); 
 Crawford “On the Treatment of Aneurysm by Compression”’ 
 (1854), and ‘Idiopathic Pneumo-Thorax following Acute Inflam- 
 mation of the Arm: Autopsy by A. Long, House-surgeon’’; 
 Robert MacDonnell “On the Use of the Microscope” (1845), 
 and “Contraction of the Pupil a Sign of Intra-thoracic Tumour” 
 (1859); Scott on “Results and Modes of Treatment of Various 
 Types of Fractures, Twenty-Seven Cases Tabulated” (1853); 
 Howard on “Constrictive Disease of the Mitral Valve” (1853), 
 and ‘‘Lectures on Aneurysm of the Aortic Arch” (1853); Mac- 
 Callum on ‘Disease of the Suprarenals with report of Autopsy” 
 (1857); Craik on “‘The Uses of the Microscope for Clinical Diag- 
 nosis’’ (1865); these are but a few examples of these really classic 
 publications, which frequently astonish one by their clear insight 
 and prevision of the knowledge subsequently laid bare by the dis- 
 coveries of the latter half of the nineteenth century. Systematic 
 clinical teaching, introduced by Dr. Crawford in 1845, was carried 
 in the next twenty years to a degree of perfection so high that 
 medical and surgical cases allotted to the student in his routine 
 at the bedside were frequently worked up by him, with autopsy 
 findings attached, to the point of publication, and as such appear 
 repeatedly in the local journals of the fifth and sixth decades of 
 the century. The surgical practice of the hospital, carried on 
 as it was in those pre-asepsis days by all the members of the staff, 
 was courageous, enterprising and up-to-date, usually skilful, and 
 
 *For further details of this publication see Part II of this article. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 190 PatTHoLoGicaAL COLLECTIONS OE OsLER—M. E. Apsgort 
 
 in the hands of such men as Campbell, Fenwick and Sutherland, 
 brilliant and conservative. The prolonged study at close quarters 
 of ship-fever or typhus, cholera, and smallpox, revealed the neces- 
 sity of the segregation of contagious cases and the purification 
 of their clothing, long before the germ theory of disease was under- 
 stood. In a time of relative illiteracy, the Medical Board main- 
 tained a fight for the high standard of the degree and the organiza- 
 tion of the Profession throughout Canada, founded and sup- | 
 ported the Medico-Chirurgical Society (1846) and Student Medical 
 Society (1847), inaugurated a local medical journalism of classic 
 type, (1847) and conducted from that time on what was for a 
 number of years the only British-Canadian journal. 
 
 All these activities may be said to have culminated, under the 
 ‘fluence of such men as the late Drs. G. W. Campbell and R. P. 
 Howard, in the early seventies, in what may be termed the Facul- 
 ty’s second period of clinical prestige and productivity (since the 
 passing of its Founders marked the first). At this time, and with- 
 in this atmosphere of fermenting intellectual activity, among and 
 of the company of a bevy of youthful spirits of kindred mettle, 
 all keyed to the joy of the working and fired by the opportunities 
 for exact knowledge which the hospital afforded, there entered, 
 in the year 1870, “attracted by the clinical advantages of McGill” 
 
 as a student in the final year of his course, the youth of twenty- 
 
 one years of age, who was destined to rank among the leaders of 
 medicine. 
 
 We may picture him at this time, with his lithe, slight figure, 
 and dark, almost Spanish colouring, alert, keen, enthusiastic, yet 
 withal retiring, with the kindly whimsical humour that tempered 
 his every thought shining in his eyes, and the fires of a passion for 
 knowledge by direct observation, and of consecration to the day’s 
 work and to the service of distressed humanity aflame within 
 him, replete with the charm that springs from a heart overflow- 
 ing with affection and goodwill to his fellows and that made him at 
 once the most human and most lovable of men,—so William Osler 
 stood, on the threshold of the unknown future, at the parting of 
 the ways! 
 
 His interest in the post-mortem room and his free 
 use of the microscope, are among the most conspicuous facts 
 in his history, revealing as they do, the quick grasp of essentials 
 which was the outstanding feature of his genius. Already, in 
 

 
 
 
 MALIGNANT ENDOCARDITIS OF BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE 
 
 (GOULSTONIAN LECTURES SERIES) 
 
 From a specimen in the Pathological Museum of McGill University, 
 presented by W. Osler, 1882, 
 
 Note that a section has been cut out by him from the base of the mitral valve for 
 microscopic examination of the tissue beyond the seat of the vegetations. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Dr. R. P. Howarp, Dean of the Medical 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Faculty of McGill University during 
 
 Osler’s Montreal Period. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 PATHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS oF OsLER—M. E. AsBsorr 19] 
 
 1872, we find him, while still a student, assisting his Chief at the 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society by the demonstration of pathological 
 material,* and publishing, from a student-pen, his first classic 
 case reports,** with autopsy findings. With characteristic sim- 
 plicity of thought and direct action, he chose for his graduation 
 thesis the broad subject of Pathological Anatomy illustrated by 
 microscopical slides and specimens, some of which, those on 
 typhoid fever, are preserved in the Museum collection to-day.*** 
 
 Small wonder was it that, at this time, he attracted first the 
 interest, and then the appreciation and affection of Professor R. P. 
 Howard, who opened to him the doors of immediate advancement. 
 In his introductory lecture, delivered in September, 1873, Dr. 
 Howard made the following statement of his faith in and aspira- 
 tions for the future of his young favourite: 
 
 “In connection with the new subject of scientific interest, the older stu- 
 dents present, as well as my colleagues, will be pleased to hear that Dr. Osler 
 who graduated here in 1872, has just made a discovery of great interest, and 
 that promises well for the future of our young countryman.”......... <be ss 
 ....'' I wish some friend of the University would endow a Chair of Physiology 
 and Pathological Histology, and that our young friend might be invited to 
 accept the appointment, and devote himself solely to the cultivation of his 
 favourite subject, and at the same time bring honour to himself and Canada.’’+ 
 
 How quickly these hopes of Dr. Howard’s were realized we 
 learn from Dr. Osler’s own Introductory Lecture to his practical 
 course on the Institutes of Medicine,}+ delivered by him in October, 
 1875. In it we find him instructing his students in the use of the 
 microscope, and in the technique of preparing, staining and cutting 
 their material for investigation, informing them that a supply of 
 microscopes for their personal use had been ordered from Paris 
 and Potsdam, promising them well-equipped physiological labora- 
 tories under his charge in the near future, and outlining the ses- 
 sion’s work in the following comprehensive, and, for that date, 
 remarkable, synopsis, which covers in a single course, clinical and 
 medico-legal microscopy, as well as microscopic technique and 
 normal histology :— 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE COURSE} 
 Demonstration I.—General description of the Microscope. How to clean it. 
 
 *Can. Med. & Surg. Journ., 1872, VIII, p. 408; also Bibliography, this 
 Bulletin, Rubric I, 
 
 **I bid, p. 473. 
 
 *** Museum Specimen, Entry No. 1885. __ 
 
 tCan. Med. & Surg. J., 1874, II, 208. tfIbid, 1875-76, IV, 202. 
 
 tFrom: Introductory remarks to, and Synopsis of Practical Course on 
 Institutes of Medicine, by Wm. Osler, M.D. Jbid, page 206. 
 
 tn iS: = eS a ee se eee 
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 \ 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 192 PaTHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF OsLER—M. E. Aspotr 
 
 How to tell its magnifying power. How to draw withit. Examina- 
 tion of dust, cotton fibres and air-bubbles. , 
 
 Demonstration IJ.—Protoplasm. Amoeba. Cyclosis in Anacharis. White 
 blood corpuscles. 
 
 Demonstration IJ] —Red blood corpuscles of Frog, Fish, Bird and Man, 
 Haemoglobin crystals from Rat’s blood. Haemin crystals, How 
 to examine blood stains. ee 
 
 Demonstration IV.—Epithelium: squamous, cylindrical, glandular ciliated, 
 
 Demonstration V.—Connective tissues. Corpuscles. White fibrous and 
 elastic tissues. Adipose tissue. Pigment. 
 
 Demonstration VI.—Tendon, Cartilage, Bone and Teeth. 
 
 Demonstration VII.—Muscle, voluntary and involuntary. 
 
 Demonstration VIII.—Blood vessels. How to inject. 
 
 Demonstration IX.—Method of hardening tissues. How to cut sections. 
 
 Demonstration X.—Lung. 
 
 Demonstration XI.—Alimentary Canal. 
 
 Demonstration XII.—Kidney. 
 
 Demonstration XIII.—Lymphatic Vessels. Skin. 
 
 Demonstration XIV.—Nerves, Fibre Cells, Central Organs. 
 
 Demonstration XV.—Examination of sputum and vomit, discharges from 
 uterus and vagina. 
 
 Demonstration XVI.—Pus and Tubercle. 
 
 Demonstration XVII—Examination of Urine. Casts. 
 
 Demonstration XVIII.—Examination of Urine. Inorganic Deposits. 
 
 Demonstration XIX.—Morbid Growths. Cancer Cells. 
 
 Demonstration XX.—Parasites. Animal and Vegetable. 
 
 Part II 
 
 Dr. Osler’s Later Relations with the Museum (1898-1918) 
 Personal Reminiscence. 
 
 In the year 1898 the writer of this reminiscence was appointed 
 
 to the care of the Pathological Museum of McGill University. — 
 
 Dr. Osler was at that time Dean of the Faculty and Professor of 
 Medicine at the Johns Hopkins Medical School; but his affection 
 
 for the scene of his old labours, and his vivid interest in all that 
 
 pertained to his own collections and to those of his colleagues and 
 predecessors here, led to the establishment of an intercourse which 
 
 will be of interest to students of his life, in that it discloses, in @ 
 
 very real way, certain vital characteristics: his sustained inter- 
 est in every subject which had once come within his range of study 
 or observation; his capacity for seizing upon relevant facts, 3s 
 illustrated in these old records, and applying them to the elucida- 
 tion of the questions which absorbed his present attention; and 
 
 last, but not least, that instantaneous response and whole-hearted — 
 
 _ sympathy and support with which he met every earnest worker 
 
 in medical research, and by which he supplied a stimulus and an 
 inspiration that saved many a virgin effort from failure and brought 
 
 
 

 
 PATHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF OsLER—M. E. Assorr 193 
 
 to fulfilment the aspirations of hundreds of young lives through- 
 out the length and breadth of this continent, during the twenty 
 years that intervened between his McGill and his Oxford days; 
 for these reasons, the necessarily personal nature of the following 
 reminiscence will be excused. 
 
 _ My first meeting with Dr. Osler was in December, 1898, when 
 I was sent by the Medical Faculty of McGill to Washington to 
 see the Army Medical Museum, and other institutions en route. 
 Arrived at Baltimore, and following the instinct that impelled 
 nearly everyone where Dr. Osler was concerned, I sought him 
 out, first, with my introduction. I found him, at ten minutes 
 to nine, just leaving his lecture room for his ward-round, which 
 I was invited to join, and to which I followed him with the usual 
 crowd of students, internes and guests. The visit over, the pro- 
 cession had just left the wards when an unpleasant, but certainly 
 fortunate, accident, befell me, which threw me suddenly into 
 personal contact with him to an extent that even my connection 
 with McGill was not likely to have done. Standing, for a moment, 
 with my hand on the lintel of the half-closed door, someone swung 
 the other heavy half-door to, crushing my finger and neatly ex- 
 tracting the nail. Dr. Osler’s concern took the form, after the 
 finger had been dressed by an interne, and a profitable morning 
 given to me in the Pathological Department on his introduction, 
 of an invitation to dinner that evening. ‘Come at a quarter to 
 seven,” he said, in the hospital lunch-room, where I had been con- 
 ducted at his request, ‘‘and be sure to take a rest this afternoon.”’ 
 The appointed time saw me at No. 1 West Franklin Street and 
 I was shown to Dr. Osler’s study, where I found him alone among 
 his books. After a few minutes I ventured to ask him if he would 
 give me a reprint of his ‘‘ Internal Medicine as a Vocation.” “Oh, 
 do you like reprints,’’ he said, “‘come in here’”’; and he led the way 
 into a small room off his study which seemed to me to be com- 
 pletely lined with reprints, arranged in piles on the shelves. 
 “There you are,—and there,—and there,’”’ handing me one after 
 the other, “‘Thomas Dover,” “John Keats,” “‘ William Pepper,” 
 “Locke as a Physician,” etc., etc., until I had a great pile. “And 
 this,” he said, handing me a blue pamphlet, ‘is the one I like 
 better than anything else I have ever written.’ It was An 
 Alabama Student. That night, alone at the Clifford, and examin- 
 ing my treasure-trove of reprints, I read for the first time that 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 194 ParsotocrcaL CoLLEcTIoNs oF OsLER—M. E. Azsorr 
 
 charming essay, and caught in its familiar opening words a glim- 
 mering of insight into the simplicity of thought and springs of 
 action of one, the secret of whose greatness lay in the fact, that, 
 in a widely different age and scene, he was still, as it were, The 
 Servant in the House, and the prototype of that divine Physician 
 of whom he speaks, Who trod the streets of Nazareth, and wan- 
 dered on the hillsides by the Lake of Galilee. 
 
 “Chief among the hard sayings of the Gospels” it begins, “is 
 the declaration,—he that loveth Father or Mother, or son or daughter, 
 more than me, is not worthy of me. Yet the spirit that made 
 possible its acceptance and which is responsible for Christianity as 
 it is, or rather perhaps, as it was, is the same which in all ages has 
 compelled men to follow ideals, even at the sacrifice of the near and 
 dear ones at home. In varied tones, to all, at one time or other, 
 the call comes: to one to forsake all and Follow Him; to another, to 
 scorn delights and live the laborious days of a student; to the third, 
 to renounce all in the life of a Sunnyasi. Many are the wand- 
 bearers, few are the mystics, as the old Greek has tt, or in the words 
 which we know better,—many are called, but few are chosen. The — 
 gifts were diversified, but the same spirit inspired the flaming heart 
 of St. Theresa, the patient soul of Palissey the potter, and the 
 mighty intellect of John Hunter.” * | 
 
 Dinner over, the great experience of the evening came, for 
 this was one of Dr. Osler’s students’ nights, in which I had been 
 invited to participate. Seated at the head of the long dining- 
 table, now covered with a dark cloth, with nine young men and 
 three young women ranged around it and me beside him at the 
 
 end, and with a little pile of books before him, he began by intro- 
 
 ducing four rare editions from the classics of medicine to his 
 hearers, with a few wise words of appreciation on each. Then 
 followed a delightful talk upon points of interest or difficulty m 
 the week’s work, for these were all his clinical clerks, the reporters 
 of cases in his hospital service. ‘Well, Miss——, what is you! 
 trouble this week?” he began. ‘‘And yours?’ turning to another. 
 And then, as I sat there with heart beating at the wonderful new 
 world that had opened so unexpectedly before me, he turned sud- 
 denly upon me, “I wonder, now, if you realize what an oppo! 
 tunity you have? That McGill Museum is a great place. As 
 soon as you go home look up the British Medical J ournal for 
 1893, and read the article by Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson 02 ‘A 
 
 
 

 
 PATHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS oF OsLER—M.E. Apporr 195 
 
 Clinical Museum’.* That is what he calls his museum in London 
 and it is the greatest place I know for teaching students in. Pic- 
 tures of life and death together. Wonderful. You read it and 
 see what you can do.’’ And so he gently dropped a seed that 
 dominated all my future work. This is but an illustration of 
 how his influence worked in many lives. 
 
 The next episode came in the following year, that of 1899, 
 when, in working over the collection, I came upon a remarkable 
 three-chambered heart with pulmonary artery given off from a 
 small supplementary chamber placed at the right upper angle 
 of the common ventricle. No information about it seemed 
 available, until enquiry by letter from Dr. Osler elicited the state- 
 ment that he remembered the specimen perfectly, having often 
 demonstrated it, and that it had been presented before the Edin- 
 burgh Medical Society by Dr. Andrew Holmes, first Dean of the 
 McGill Medical Faculty, and was reported in one of the very 
 early Edinburgh Medical Journals. An examination of the litera- 
 ture revealed the case fully published with a fine copper-plate en- 
 graving of the heart in the Transactions of the Edinburgh Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society for 1823, at which time it had been obtained 
 by Dr. Holmes from an autopsy done by himself, in the presence 
 of the other Founders of the school. 
 
 The renewal of Dr. Osler’s active interest in the Museum 
 may be said to have dated from this time, and a succession of 
 kindly notes of help or encouragement began then, which cul- 
 minated, in the years 1904 to 1906, in an active correspondence 
 and substantial support, which it is my purpose to retail here. 
 
 A word upon the condition of the Pathological Museum at 
 this time and my own relations with it is in place. Founded as 
 the School was upon the Edinburgh tradition, which stressed the 
 correlation of the pathological findings with the clinical features 
 of the case, the Museum had been from the first the repository of 
 cherished specimens obtained by the early members of the School, 
 often at the cost of much personal exertion, and its contents had 
 been largely augmented by Dr. Osler himself, during his period 
 
 *“See The Clinical Museum: an Explanatory Address, by Jonathan 
 Hutchinson, F.R.C.S., F.R.S., British Medical Journal, 1893, II, pp. 1295-1296. 
 
 tA Case of Malformation of the heart, by A. F. Holmes, M.D., Montreal, 
 Lower Canada. Communicated by Dr. Alison, March 5th, 1823. ‘Transac- 
 tions of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh, 1824, p. 252. Repub- 
 lished by M. E. Abbott, Montreal Medical Journal, July, 1901. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 196 ParHoLoGicAL COLLECTIONS OF OsLER—M. E. Apsorr 
 
 as Pathologist to the Montreal General Hospital. It was thus a 
 collection of much historical, as well as pathological value. Up 
 to this time, however, the office of Curator had been a purely | 
 honorary one, and no systematic cataloguing had been done, 
 
 It had now become my task to assemble the archives of the collece 
 
 tion, and I began by a search of the Montreal General Hospital — 
 Autopsy Records and of the contemporary Medical Journals, in ~ 
 which many of these specimens had undoubtedly been recorded, 
 
 The real interest of this search began with the discovery, 
 among the Montreal General Hospital Records, of two volumes” 
 of Dr. Osler’s own post-mortem notes. I shall never forget the 
 impression which these clearly written pages and accurately por- 
 trayed descriptions, and above all, the exquisite orderliness of 
 this, the unseen daily task of his youth, made upon me at this 
 time. Genius was written broad upon these pages, and there is 
 no joy given to us greater than that of the first moment of recog- 
 nition of the Master Mind. 
 
 Case after case was recorded here by the name or hospital 
 number which the specimens bore and many others apparently — 
 referred to specimens without reference. So also the old Canada 
 Medical and Surgical Journals, the Transactions of the Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society and the Montreal General Hospital Reports, 
 were freely interspersed with communications by Dr. Osler bear- 
 ing directly upon these very specimens and upon many others 
 without reference-number attached which were set out by me for 
 his identification when a chance visit from him might bring the 
 opportunity. ; | 
 
 In the Spring of 1904 he came, for the first time in my Curator- 
 ship. Five years had elapsed since I first saw him in Baltimore, 
 and much progress had been made in the museum, for the Faculty 
 had actively supported its development, and the seed which he had 
 himself implanted in my mind, of the value of correlating clinical 
 data of importance with the findings shown by the pathological — 
 specimens, had borne ample fruit. All the specimens of the old 
 collection, for which a reference had been obtained stood, with full 
 clinical history inscribed upon their catalogue sheets, among the 
 new material, and a plan of ‘collaboration with clinicians” and 
 experts had been evolved, under which the cataloguing of the 
 various sections was proceeding, and an active system of museum 
 teaching had grown up, which owed its vitality largely to the 
 
 
 
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 PATHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF OsLER—M. E. Apsporr 197 
 
 correlation of the ‘‘clinical aspects’’ with the pathological features 
 of the case. 
 
 The whole met with Dr. Osler’s approval, and his enthusiasm 
 was great over the fact that a catalogue of his own beloved speci- 
 mens and o! the older part of the collection had at last been placed 
 on paper. Dropping into a chair, and fingering with tender affec- 
 tion the old autopsy books and journals, he began rapidly eliminat- 
 ing uncertainties with characteristic running comments as he did 
 so. ‘That fellow, now, I remember well,’ scribbling rapidly 
 on a card belonging to a large aneurism of the ascending arch of 
 the aorta that. was innocent of any trace of laminated clot, and that 
 had ruptured into the right pleura. “It took a long while before 
 the diagnosis was made, but he came back to the hospital at last 
 with a pulsation in the second and third right interspaces. So we 
 put him to bed and tried to cure him with big doses of Pot. Iodid. 
 He got 120 grains a day, and the pulsation had disappeared. We 
 were talking of discharging him in triumph, when one day he died 
 suddenly, and we found—that’” ‘And this,” seizing suddenly 
 upon a small unlabelled specimen which had completely mysti- 
 fied me, for it represented a small piece of apparently quite healthy 
 thoracic aorta with a round hole in its wall leading into a sac the 
 size of a tangerine orange, which lay between it and the oesophagus 
 and opened into this by a small jagged tear. ‘‘ This is that extra- 
 ordinary case of mycotic aneurism of the aorta rupturing into the 
 oesophagus. She died suddenly without any warning at all. It 
 is reported by me in the International Clinics. There is a beautiful 
 coloured frontispiece of it done by old Mr. Raphael. Have you 
 any other cases of mycotic aneurism to go along with this?-— Oh 
 that one, that’s a new specimen, magnificent,—whose is it?— 
 McCrae’s—I say McCrae,” turning to Dr. John McCrae who 
 stood among the little throng of chosen ones who were following 
 him in his peregrinations through college and hospital, ‘ You'll 
 report this case, won’t you? It will be one of the best in the litera- 
 ture.’”?’ And John McCrae did report it.* 
 
 His interest took the practical form, too, in the autumn of 
 1904, of raising, by means of a printed circular issued by himself to 
 McGill graduates and their friends, funds for the publication of 
 the first part of the catalogue, and himself revising every sheet 
 
 
 
 *“A case of Mycotic Aneurism of the Aorta with Malignant Endocardi- 
 tis,” by John McCrae, M.D., M.R.C.P., Journ. Path. and Bact., 1905. 
 
 
 
 
 
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 198  ParsoiogicaL COLLECTIONS OF OsLER—M., E. Apgorr 
 
 of that portion of it then being prepared for the press. More than 
 forty letters written by him during the year 1904-1907 on these 
 subjects have been preserved, and with the notes inscribed by 
 him on the manuscript of the catalogue, remain to attest these 
 activities. Always short and to the point, overflowing with his 
 lively and persistent interest in all that had once attracted his 
 observation, and with the encouragement and the stimulating 
 suggestions with which he invariably directed the energies of the 
 younger generation to fresh sources of information and research, 
 these letters form an eminently characteristic record. A short 
 quotation here must suffice. ‘I see you have a specimen of 
 calcification of the pericardium. It would be well to speak of it 
 
 - in the introduction. There is a very good article two or three 
 
 years ago in the Pathological Society’s Transactions.” “T have 
 read the Endocardium section with the greatest interest. Some- 
 thing should be said of foetal endocarditis, just to clear the minds 
 of the students.” ‘Remind me, please, to go over the Aneurysm 
 cases in my Post-mortem notes. There are twenty-nine or thirty 
 of them. No. 180, I see, is perforation of the pulmonary artery.” 
 “T+ would be well,” writing on the Section on the Myocardium in 
 December, 1905, “to include a paragraph on the fibres that mim- 
 ster to the rhythmicity and conductivity of the heart, the so 
 called bundle of His, which has just been described by Tawara, 
 working in Aschoff’s Laboratory.”’ , | 
 
 The climax of his benefactions may be said to have been 
 reached in his relations with this Association. In January, 1906, 
 he encouraged and assisted in the Proceedings preliminary to its 
 organization, and later, in the same year, sent in the formal support 
 of Oxford University, signing the organization circulars issued 
 from the Army Medical Museum in duplicate for himself and 
 Professor James Ritchie. In the spring of 1907, on the occasion 
 of his return to Canada from Oxford, he attended the first regular 
 meetings of the Association at Washington, and himself laid down, 
 as an essential principle, that the Association should publish a 
 Bulletin and aim at the establishment of an Index Pathologicus. 
 In 1911, on the occasion of a visit of the writer to Europe, he called 
 a meeting of British Pathologists at the Royal College of Surgeons, 
 with himself and the late Sir Jonathan Hutchinson in the Chait, 
 which meeting resulted in the organization of the British Local 
 Section; and then, at the close of this meeting, arranged, im truly 
 

 
 PATHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS oF OsLER—M. E. Apnorr 199 
 
 Oslerian fashion, that the writer accompany that venerable 
 scientist, ‘the greatest Museum genius alive to-day,’’ to use Sir 
 William’s own words, to his beautiful home in Surrey, where, on a 
 never-to-be-forgotten Sunday morning, he demonstrated to me 
 the treasures of his historic and scientific collection and his great 
 Museum of the local fauna, flora, and archaeology of the district. 
 Then came, in 1913, the last International Congress of Medicine 
 and his final benefaction, when, at the close of our successful 
 organization of the Section of Museum Technique of the Congress 
 Museum, carried on again under the stimulus of his presence and 
 approval—he supported the appeal of this Association to Lord 
 Strathcona which resulted in its acquisition of the nucleus of an 
 
 Endowment Fund.* His final letter in regard to this benefac- 
 tion reads: 
 
 “TI have written to Lord Strathcona telling him about the work of the Museum 
 and the Association, and thanking him for his support. That you should have 
 
 this money means, I know, all the difference in the world—only you deserve a 
 larger sum!” 
 
 The veil, by which intimacy of contact and innate modesty 
 of heart screen the personality of the truly great from the full 
 vision of their contemporaries, has been lifted for us now by the 
 hand of death, and we see William Osler among those whom 
 Carlyle has called the heroes of the race. His exact position in 
 the history of medicine is for posterity to adjudge; but the revela- 
 tions made by his pioneer work in pathological anatomy as shown 
 in his collections and early publications, and his perennial interest 
 in the facts of nature which this work had declared to his searching 
 gaze, yields no uncertain forecast. Where the palm is given to 
 versatility of genius and power of expression, unfailing accuracy 
 of observation, instantaneous recognition and correlation of signifi- 
 cant data, and that all-embracing creative faculty which forms, 
 out of the multitudinous details of a crowded experience, new, 
 fresh, and clear concepts of humanitarian value,—there the name 
 of William Osler will be written large, beside that of Rudolph 
 Virchow, the apostle of his youth, and Jonathan Hutchinson, the 
 enthusiasm of his maturer years. 
 
 *$5,000.00 donated by Lord Strathcona to this Association on September 
 26,1913. See Bulletin V., p. 166. 
 
 
 
Pe —— = 
 
 
 
 eee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 200 OsLER AND THE McGiu Mepicat Lisrary—Cameron 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER AND THE McGILL 
 MEDICAL LIBRARY | 
 
 JEAN.CAMERON _. 
 
 Assistant Librarian, Medical Library of M cGill University lt 
 E read in Dr. Ruhrih’s article on “Osler’s Influence on 
 Medical Libraries”, that the Medical Library of McGill 
 University became Osler’s first love, his interest in it) having 
 begun during his student days. Later when he became a 
 member of the Faculty, he preached the value of correlative 
 reading, and students who sat under him during his teaching 
 days will recall many suggestions that they turn into the by-paths 
 of medicine. | nn 
 His work in connection with the Library falls quite naturally 
 into two divisions—tangible and intangible. As regards the latter 
 it was the personal touch that counted for so much—brief notes 
 with a word of encouragement d propos of the latest library re- 
 port—often accompanied by a subtle hint, which on consideration 
 was always found to be well worth following: a request to let him 
 know of what value he might be in picking up treasures abroad, 
 or again a letter explaining the historic interest of a recent gift. 
 And above all, his visits—most often far too fleeting, but all 
 showing the same keen delight in the progress of the Library. 
 To turn first to his gifts other than books. In 1910 a letter 
 came to the Library from Oxford, from which I quote the follow- 
 ing: “I am sending to you a few pictures of famous clinicians. 
 May I make a suggestion—that you should try to develop the 
 pictorial side in the building, and have pictures of the famous men 
 in each department.”’ Two of these photographs impressed him as 
 being particularly worthy of mention—that of “Master John 
 Banister’s Anatomical Lecture, 1581”, which Sir William says was 
 one of the earliest representations of an English lecturer, and the 
 photograph of Basedow which was specially got for him by Base- 
 dow’s granddaughter. Whilst he had previously contributed 
 largely in this way, this date seems to have been the first on which 
 he urged the enlargement and development of this part of the 
 Library. 
 In 1909, during a visit to Rome, he collected for us many 
 
 
 
 
 
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 OSLER AND THE McGint Mepicat Lisrary—CamMErRon 201 
 
 donaria excavated from the banks of the River Tiber. These 
 votive offerings, which are all in quite excellent condition, are 
 terra cotta models of various parts of the body which were thrown 
 into the river as thank-offerings for healing of disease. 
 
 Amongst other treasures are the illuminated diplomas which 
 Sir William described in the following note: diplomas in the form 
 of a small quarto book, with the special style of decoration seen 
 in these, and in a handsome binding, seem to have been peculiar 
 to Venice (where they were granted by the College of Physicians 
 and by the Company of Aromatarii of Apothecaries) and the 
 universities of Northern Italy, viz., Padua, Pisa, Pavia, Perugia, 
 and others... .the seals are nearly always wanting, so that these 
 diplomas are unusually perfect and well preserved specimens.” 
 Of this collection, ten in number, all are originals except one, 
 and this a fascimile of a diploma granted to Harvey by the 
 University of Padua in 1602. 
 
 Of the volumes already presented to the Library by Sir 
 William—some two hundred—the few noted below are perhaps 
 peculiarly striking: 
 
 Vesalius: De humani Corporis Fabrica Libra septum. 15438. 
 
 Linacre: Britanni de emendata Structura Latini Sermonis Libra 
 sex. 1550. 
 
 Harvey: Anatomical Exercitations concerning the Gener- 
 ation of living Creatures. 1653. 
 
 MacMichael: Gold-Headed Cane. 1827. 
 
 The Vesalius he picked up in Rome in 1909, and sent out to 
 the Library with a note on the life and work of the author. In 
 this note he pays a compliment to the teaching methods of his 
 Alma Mater when he says, “I am glad to send this beautiful copy 
 of the first edition to the library of my old school, in which ana- 
 tomy has always been studied in the Vesalian spirit with accu- 
 racy and thoroughness. ”’ 
 
 We have spoken of his influence and generosity in the past— 
 let us look to the future when his valuable library of incunabula 
 and rare first editions will come to McGill. There is ready now 
 such housing as may be worthy of its sentimental and historical 
 value, and which may in addition be a lasting memorial to the 
 man, who, by his interest and kindly suggestions, has always 
 been an inspiration to those who have striven for the growth 
 and well-being of the Library. 
 
 17 
 
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 902 A REMINISCENCE OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER—DELAVAN 
 
 A REMINISCENCE OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 D. Bryson Detavan, M.D. 
 
 New York 
 
 Y acquaintance with Dr. Osler extended over a period of 
 more than forty years, in the course of which our paths 
 crossed many times, from different directions. Through personal 
 contact and correspondence both professional and social, through 
 his addresses listened to and his writings read, and through the 
 often expressed opinions of others, many opportunities were offered 
 for an understanding of his character, temperament and ability, 
 and for estimating the value of his attainments. Others will 
 record extended observations concerning his work and worth and 
 will offer appreciation of him far more eloquent than any I could 
 express. Among examples illustrative of him that might be quoted, 
 two personal incidents, although apparently trivial, vividly recall 
 the man and indicate some of the characteristics which dominated 
 his life. | 
 In the early eighties, as Assistant Pathologist to the New 
 York Hospital and Curator of its Museum, I was associated with 
 the late Dr. George Livingston Peabody, head of the Pathological 
 Department, a graduate of Columbia who had recently received 
 his appointment to the Hospital after several years of study 
 abroad. At Vienna, Prague,Leipsic, and other Continental cities 
 he had devoted himself especially to courses in histology, pathol- 
 ogy, pathological anatomy, and the use of the microscope, then 
 beginning to be of recognized importance. Dr. Peabody was 4 
 man of fine family connection and social standing, of broad culture — 
 and delightful personality. Subsequently he was for many 
 years Attending Physician to the New York Hospital, and Pro- 
 fessor in the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Naturally 
 brilliant, his mental powers had been highly developed through 
 the best educational opportunities. In his experiences abroad — 
 his excellence as a student and his personal influence enabled — 
 him to gain admission to the laboratories of the most distinguish- 
 ed masters, men who received under instruction only the ablest 
 and most promising pupils. Thus Peabody was thrown among 
 groups of bright and ambitious men from everywhere, aspirants 
 
 
 

 
 A REMINISCENCE OF SiR WILLIAM OsLER—DELAVAN 203 
 
 who represented the choicest of the young talent of the day. 
 Among these he selected many valuable acquaintances. In my 
 daily intercourse with him in our laboratory in the upper story 
 of the fine old Thorn mansion adjacent to the New York Hospital, 
 and often in company with our splendid friend Dr. William 
 Tillinghast Bull who had been his companion abroad, much was 
 said of their experiences in Europe and of the men with whom 
 they had been associated. The abilities, the personal attractions, 
 and the probabilities of future success of these student companions 
 were often freely discussed. Among them they frequently men- 
 tioned one who seemed to have gained the warmest admiration 
 of all. He was a man from Canada who bore the modest name 
 William Osler. Of him they always spoke with enthusiasm as 
 being by far the most promising, predicting for him a brilliant 
 career. He had already gained a position in McGill University, 
 as they had at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Well 
 prepared to appreciate him, my first impressions far surpassed 
 expectation. 
 
 One bright afternoon while working in our laboratory, the 
 door was suddenly opened and a picture was presented never to 
 be forgotten by me. In the full light of the room, framed in the 
 doorway and with the dark background behind, there appeared 
 in the verasimilitude of a portrait the presence of a particularly 
 attractive young man, radiating the spirit of youthful buoy- 
 ancy and delight, an expression instantly reflected in the coun- 
 tenance of his joyously welcoming friend. Never was there 
 manifested more perfect sympathy of heart, mind, and soul than 
 shone from the faces of those two fine youths. My introduction to 
 Dr. Osler proceeded at once, and the acquaintance begun from 
 that moment was happily continued until the end of his wonder- 
 ful life. 
 
 Nothing could seem more commonplace than the following 
 incident, but it is strikingly suggestive of a spirit as broad as 
 it was human, and graphically portrays the character of the man. 
 
 In 1890 the Tenth International Medical Congress was being 
 held in Berlin. Seven thousand members were enrolled and the 
 meetings of the sections were long and arduous. One noontime, 
 adjourning from one of the sessions weary and in need of refresh- 
 ment, I met Dr. Osler who, his customary exuberance in no wise 
 dimmed by the strain of the morning, like myself was hastening 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 904 A REMINISCENCE OF Sir WILLIAM OsLER— DELAVAN 
 
 to lunch. Catching me by the arm he at once plunged into a 
 lively series of questions as to what I had been doing at the Con- 
 gress, whom I had met, and how profitable I had found the meet- 
 ings. Presently another acquaintance appeared across the nar- 
 row street. Him also Osler hailed and locking arms between us 
 proceeded onward, drawing from us a running fire of conversation 
 and convulsing us with his witty remarks. By the time we had 
 reached the restaurant only a short distance away, Osler had joined 
 to our happy trio one by one, five other members, each wander- 
 ing alone, all congenial friends and delighted to have been admitted 
 to our party and thus rescued from the fate of a lonely meal. 
 Under the inspiration of his inimitable spirit the repast 
 which followed, although the simplest of its kind, became a royal 
 banquet, a bright memory throughout our lives. He made 
 the conversation general, no member of the group escaping his 
 notice and his friendly attention. Informing himself as he did 
 of our particular interests and incidentally enlightening us as to 
 his own, he with rare vivacity and wit discussed the Congress 
 itself and the men and events associated with it. The incident 
 was typical of him. Generous, gracious, magnetic, responsive, 
 he attracted to himself all who were worth knowing, ever seeking 
 merit in others and appreciating it when found. At once a dis- 
 cerning companion and a great leader, he, more than others, has 
 exemplified to me the beauty of friendship, the glory of work, 
 and the joy of living. 
 

 
 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER DURING HIS PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 
 
 (ABoUT 1887) 
 From a photograph taken by H. C. Phillips 
 
 
 
 1206 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 
 
z i : : : Vial ae ‘ . : Ree Rae a os Se cee mr tethy 
 
 att ta cat ORAL ALLARD ALA AAA 
 
 rane 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 2 7 10 
 
 1. Dr. Henry W. Cattell. 2. Dr. Guy Hinsdale. 3. Dr. Pierson Willitts. 4. Dr. John K. Mitchell. 
 6. Miss Clara Dalziel. 7. Dr. William Osler. 8. Mrs. Green. 9. Dr. Jos. Otto. 10. Miss Jane Dalziel. 
 
 Dr. Osler at the Orthopaedic Hospital of Philadelphia with Nursing and Interne Staff. (Illustrating the Reminiscence by Dr 
 
 Morris Lewis). ge 
 
 5. Dr George E. de Schweinitz 
 

 
 PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 
 
 FOREWORD 
 DR. WILLIAM OSLER IN PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Cuarutes K. Mitus, M.D. 
 Philadelphia 
 
 HE articles on Dr. Osler’s period in Philadelphia by 
 Drs. Landis, Krumbhaar, Dock and Hare, and the 
 student reminiscences by Drs. Leidy, Edwards, Dercum, 
 Burr and Lewis present so clearly and in such an interest- 
 ing and instructive way the story of Dr. Osler in Philadel- 
 phia that little seems left for me to write in the form of a 
 foreword or introduction. Before the time of his coming 
 to Philadelphia, my attention had been directed to Dr. 
 Osler by some contributions which he had made to cerebral 
 morphology and physiology, subjects in which I had been 
 much interested for at least ten years. 
 
 My experiences with Dr. Osler were chiefly in connec- 
 tion with the Philadelphia Hospital or ‘“‘Blockley,’’ and 
 in three Philadelphia medical societies, namely, the Neuro- 
 logical, the Pathological, and the College of Physicians. I 
 also saw not a little of him at the Medical School of the 
 University of Pennsylvania where I was then lecturing to 
 fourth year and occasional post-graduate students, and 
 where I had been, some years previously, chief of clinic to 
 the neurological service of Dr. H. C. Wood. 
 
 Dr. Landis tells us much regarding Dr. Osler’s doings 
 in the Philadelphia Hospital, and Drs. Dock, Edwards, 
 Leidy and Dercum inform us as to his work at the Uni- 
 versity Hospital as a clinician, teacher and investigator. 
 
 The last and Drs. Burr and Lewis bring into the foreground 
 205 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 206 FoREWORD—PHILADELPHIA PERIOD—MILLs 
 
 his connection with the Orthopaedic Hospital and In- 
 firmary for Nervous Diseases, while Dr. Hare’s paper is an 
 eloquent contribution to our knowledge of Dr. Osler as a 
 clinician, teacher and man. To Dr. Krumbhaar we are 
 indebted for an appraisal of Dr. Osler’s interest in the 
 Library of the College of Physicians and in books and li- 
 braries in general. 
 
 Not infrequently I was in close contact with Dr. Osler 
 in the “dead room” or post mortem laboratory at Block- 
 ley, as at the time of his sojourn in Philadelphia I personally 
 made many necropsies, and I also spent much time in study- 
 ing the morphology and anatomy of the brain. Probably 
 no visiting physician at the Philadelphia Hospital made more 
 autopsies with his own hands during the time covered by 
 his comparatively short connection with the hospital. 
 Sometimes I was fortunate enough to get from him hints 
 and helps in connection with my own work. 
 
 As is said by Dr. Landis, he not infrequently wrote 
 out with his own hand the descriptions of the findings at the 
 necropsy or in other instances patiently dictated to the 
 internes or assistants the results of his examinations. This 
 work never seemed to pall on him and in its pursuit he was 
 nearly always surrounded by a group of students, anternes 
 and others. 
 
 The Pathological Society and the Neurological Society 
 of Philadelphia were rich beneficiaries of his Blockley 
 labours, as a study of his bibliography abundantly shows. 
 His chief aim in these labours appeared to be a complete 
 study of all parts of the human organism, although at times 
 he gave special attention to the study of lesions of the brain, 
 spinal cord and the thoracic viscera. 
 
 In the Pathological Laboratory of the Philadelphia 
 Hospital he made numerous injections by the gravity or 
 hydrostatic method, this being as nearly as I can recall, 
 of the circulation of such organs as the kidneys, liver and 
 the brain. Some years previously, in the laboratory of 
 Professor Joseph Leidy, with Dr. A. J. Parker, I had made 
 

 
 
 
 FoREWORD—PHILADELPHIA PERIOD—MILLS 207 
 
 a study of the cerebral circulation, using simply a hand syringe, 
 and my observations of Dr. Osler’s work stimulated me to an 
 adoption of this better method. One of the results of it 
 was a study, under my encouragement, of the cerebellar 
 circulation, by Dr. S. D. Ludlum. 
 
 Dr. Dercum touches upon the work of Dr. Osler in the 
 Philadelphia Neurological Society, which deserves a fuller 
 recognition. Within a few months after he was settled at 
 his work as professor of clinical medicine at the University of 
 Pennsylvania, he became an active member of the Phila- 
 delphia Neurological Society, taking a continuous interest 
 in its proceedings and contributing much to its transac- 
 tions. During the whole period of his Philadelphia so- 
 journ, Dr. Weir Mitchell was president of the Philadelphia 
 Neurological Society. This society was founded in 1884 
 and first contained a rather small group of men interested 
 in clinical neurology and in the morphology, anatomy 
 and physiology of the brain. Such men, in addition to 
 - Dr. Mitchell, were Drs. Wood, Lloyd, Dercum, Brubaker 
 and others, whose names have since become closely inter- 
 woven with the progress of neurology here and elsewhere. 
 Osler seemed to be particularly happy and at home as a 
 member of this group. A study of the minutes of the meet- 
 ings in 1886, 1887 and 1888 clearly indicate his interest 
 in all that pertained to neurology. 
 
 Bright in my memory remains another aspect of Dr. 
 Osler in Philadelphia. The University Club was then lo- 
 cated on Walnut Street, a short distance from the site of 
 the College of Physicians, where most meetings of medical 
 societies were held. After our scientific presentations 
 and combats in the neurological society, it was often the 
 custom of a small group of congenial spirits to resort to 
 the club for a meeting of another sort,which not infrequently 
 took on almost the length of the previous gathering. Sev- 
 eral members of the group like Osler, were much inter- 
 ested in literary and historical matters outside of the im- 
 mediate domain of medicine. On these occasions, with 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 208 ForREWORD—PHILADELPHIA PERIOD—MILLs 
 
 moderate encouragement of good physical cheer, the time 
 passed gaily as we talked of medical classics, of history, 
 poetry, philosophy and the like. We took random shots 
 at Hippocrates and Galen, at neo-Platonism, at Machia- 
 velli, Montaigne, Sam Johnson, Shakespeare, Wordsworth, 
 Tennyson, or some other light of literature. Now, as one 
 of the old guard of neurology, my memory goes back with 
 delight to these halcyon days of pleasant association in 
 which Osler was ever a central figure. 
 
 DR. WILLIAM OSLER IN PHILADELPHIA 
 1884-1889, 
 
 GrorGE Dock, M.D. 
 
 Pasadena 
 
 M* account is necessarily incomplete, for I was away from 
 Philadelphia about half the time Osler was there, but it may 
 be of value in connection with others that I hope may be obtained. 
 Osler did not come as a stranger, for he was well known to 
 
 an active group working with Dr. John H. Musser by contributions 
 to the ‘‘ Medical News” and “The American Journal of the Medical 
 Sciences”, which had appeared with increasing frequency since 
 1882. These showed him to be a remarkably alert and well- 
 informed clinician, who had already made his mark on almost 
 every topic one looked up in current literature. His arrival 
 caused no perceptible excitement in University circles or in the 
 profession, for brass bands and newspaper réclame were not known 
 in medical Philadelphia. He quietly took up his medical school 
 duties, and opened an office in the Harley street section, where he 
 began the innovation of having no office hours and seeing patients 
 only by appointment. From the beginning these patients were 
 

 
 
 
 Dr. WILLIAM OSLER IN PHILADELPHIA—Dock 209 
 
 interesting rather than lucrative, frequently physicians or members 
 of their families. From the beginning also the notable features 
 of thorough study, wise and useful advice and an unusual interest 
 and sympathy were conspicuous. 
 
 In the medical school and also among the staff of Jefferson 
 Medical College and the profession in general, as well as among 
 clever and well informed men of every line of activity, Osler at 
 once showed his unusual capacity for making friends and admirers, 
 and his attraction for bright and inquiring minds. Although he 
 sometimes spoke of his shyness, he was always cordial and unas- 
 suming. Toa prominent woman who asked him whether he called 
 it Osler or Ossler, he replied; ‘‘I will answer to Hi! or to any loud 
 ery”. His irrepressible playfulness was shown the first Sunday 
 after he arrived, when Dr. D. Hayes Agnew, the most pious and 
 most venerable member of the faculty, asked him to church, 
 which Osler of course accepted. On arriving in the pew Dr. Agnew 
 asked him why he did not bring Mrs. Osler. ‘Mrs. Osler is a 
 Buddhist, and would not come” was the startling reply. 
 
 Osler at once took an interest in the medical out-patient 
 department of the university hospital and found there some un- 
 usually able and receptive aids, particularly William A. Edwards 
 and M. Howard Fussell. Although the latter would have made 
 his mark under any circumstances, Osler quickly directed him to 
 definite methods of clinical investigation, and the association was 
 most profitable to both. On account of the limited number of 
 medical cases in the wards, clinical material for Dr. Osler’s weekly 
 Clinical Conference had to be drawn largely from the dispensary, 
 and Fussell’s service was assigned to Osler. The patients were 
 well selected and thoroughly worked up, and Osler’s presentation 
 and comments were always good. Some idea of the primitive 
 conditions appear from the fact that the laboratory of the out- 
 patient department consisted of a microscope without a substage 
 or oil immersion lens, so that hyaline casts or tubercle bacilli could 
 not be seen, and a couple of reagent bottles, test tubes and an 
 alcohol lamp. Osler put his own Zeiss microscope at the service 
 of the staff, the same microscope that began the work of the 
 clinical laboratory at the Hopkins Hospital five years later. In 
 the conferences Osler made the anatomic conditions most promi- 
 nent. The organs of clinical cases that came to autopsy were 
 always demonstrated, with reference not only to anatomic and 
 
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 210 Dr. Wi11amM OSLER IN PHILADELPHIA—Dock 
 
 etiological relations but also to physical signs, symptoms and 
 therapy. 
 
 From the beginning Osler showed the same clear and direct 
 method of presentation, the same conversational tone that became 
 so well known in a few years. It was interesting to see that 
 although he often expressed his admiration at Pepper’s “silver 
 tongued”’ lectures, he cultivated his own method. The literary 
 allusions so familiar in later published works were rarely used, 
 though they were rich and varied in familiar conversation, Sir 
 Thomas Browne, Milton, Keats, Shelley, Browning and Jowett’s 
 Plato found a new and sometimes puzzled audience. 
 
 Osler also took a share in the ‘‘ward class” exercises, in- 
 troduced a few years earlier. ‘These were really demonstrations, 
 in which members of groups might at times hear a heart murmur 
 or a lung sign. It was not possible up to the time he left Phila- 
 delphia for Osler to offer more extensive clinical practice, but he 
 did give, with the assistance of recent graduates who understood 
 the value of his methods, more objective and individual work 
 than had been possible before. The laboratory Dr. Osler and 
 Dr. Musser equipped in 1887, at their own expense, was not large 
 enough to be used by undergraduates. 
 
 Finding so little material in the university hospital, Osler 
 quickly made himself f amiliar with all the opportunities in other 
 institutions. His wide knowledge, unbounded energy and en- 
 thusiasm and unselfishness made him welcome, and the use he made 
 of the material appeared in many papers and addresses, such as 
 the work on chorea, based largely on his experience in the congenial 
 “Infirmary for Diseases of the Nervous System”, with its fine staff 
 headed by S. Weir Mitchell. Many contributions by young 
 physicians all over the city at that time were directly suggested 
 and often planned by Dr. Osler. 
 
 It was perhaps in the “Outwards” of “Blockley,” the muni- 
 cipal hospital, only a few minutes’ walk from the University, 
 that Osler was most happy. There he had a large material of 
 the richest kind, from cretinism and birth palsy to vascular and 
 neurologic diseases, and including typhoid fever, malaria, tuber- 
 culosis, pneumonia,and the acute exanthemata (except smallpox, 
 in which Osler continued his interest). 
 
 He made a characteristic improvement in the Blockley 
 service. Formerly it was three months. He got the men whose 
 

 
 
 
 Dr. WILLIAM OSLER IN PHILADELPHIA—Dock 211 
 
 terms preceded or followed his to divide the beds and double 
 the time, so that each one had quite as many patients as he could 
 study and followed them twice as long. Such was the spirit in the 
 staff that he was asked to see every interesting case in all the 
 services. ‘The facilities were In many respects primitive. There 
 were no ward laboratories. In examining fresh blood for malaria 
 we had to take our microscopes and have them inspected by the 
 gate-keeper going in and coming out. Specimens, such as sputum, 
 had to undergo a similar inspection. 
 
 Fortunately for us, it happened that at that time the autopsy 
 service was neglected by the staff and for months most of the 
 sections were made by Osler and his assistants, all taking part 
 in the writing of protocols and the selection of material for micro- 
 scopic sections. As typhoid was frequent and deadly, the fullness 
 of Osler’s knowledge of the disease in all phases was demonstrated 
 to us daily. 
 
 It was often interesting to me in after years to hear Osler 
 spoken of as a man without laboratory experience. In fact he 
 was unusually expert in all anatomic and histologic technic then 
 available, was dexterous and accurate and had a quick and certain 
 eye. He used to spend hours at a time working in the wards and 
 in the dead-house, so many in fact that we often made our lunch 
 in the wards on crackers and milk, not infrequently getting acute 
 poisoning in consequence. 
 
 Osler was a regular attendant at the meetings of the Patho- 
 logical Society. At each meeting he presented several specimens 
 with suggestive remarks, had others present specimens at his 
 suggestion, and his discussions of papers or demonstrations set a 
 new and high standard of helpful criticism, urbanity and generos- 
 ity. One evening as we were going together to a meeting we met 
 a young and active gynecologist swinging a tin pail, saying “I got 
 em” and adding he was going to show ‘‘them”’ at the ‘“Path”’. 
 Osler could not wait, but opened the pail and looked at the speci- 
 mens. Seeing the supposed cystic ovaries were cystic kidneys 
 he gave such a look as only he could give, quizzical and sympa- 
 thetic, showed the renal landmarks, and the demonstration ended 
 there. 
 
 Osler’s manner with undergraduates was always kind, helpful 
 and stimulating. His tolerance for dullness or stupidity often 
 surprised or even shocked some of us and showed us that he really 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 212 Dr. WILLIAM OSLER IN PHILADELPHIA—Dock 
 
 ‘loved his fellow man’’. There was one pretty certain index to 
 his feeling for others. I never knew him to say harsh things 
 about anyone, but if he did not chaff one or play practical jokes 
 on him, that man was pretty certain to be inferior. 
 
 As a museum builder in those days Osler was most unfor- 
 tunate. Times were hard and it was impossible to buy glassware 
 for even the rarest hearts or brains. This once led to a demon- 
 stration of the equanimity Osler so eloquently advocated and so 
 perfectly illustrated in his life. To eke out jars for temporary 
 use he would “lift” from the wards specimens of a familiar vessel 
 he called a “Jerry”. One Saturday afternoon the superintendent 
 prowling in the laboratory came across a row of these on the shelves 
 and did so successful a job of housecleaning that some of the best 
 specimens of coronary disease and porencephaly were forever lost. 
 
 Osler differed from almost all clinical teachers at that time 
 in the fact that he did not dictate or put on the blackboard any 
 of the polypharmaceutical prescriptions then in vogue. Largely 
 for that reason, I think, he was spoken of by some as a therapeutic 
 nihilist. Yet as early as 1886 he read a paper on arsenic that 
 showed a careful study of cases, as well as of the literature and in 
 which he expressed the soundest view on the use of drugs and 
 their study. The first edition of the text-book gave evidence in 
 every section of the sagacious therapeutist, so that one can realize 
 he had been just as attentive to the therapeutic as he had been 
 to the anatomical side so well preserved in the Reports from the 
 Montreal General Hospital. 
 
 Osler’s Philadelphia years were of inestimable value to the 
 university and profession there. They were valuable to him in 
 many respects, as all who study his life can understand. 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER AS A TEACHER AND 
 CLINICIAN IN PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Hosart Amory Hare, M.D. 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 E theme “Osler as a Clinician and Teacher” might well be 
 divided among several writers, each one of whom could 
 readily find material for a long contribution, for Osler did not teach 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 Oster, TEACHER AND CLINICIAN IN PHILADELPHIA—HarE 213 
 
 medicine alone, even in all its parts. He taught medical men to 
 love the literature of the profession as well as the highest type of 
 general literature, and so he taught us culture, and that the 
 wearied mind could find comfort, sustenance, and inspiration in 
 paths wherein we had not trod in this workaday world. His love 
 of the Fathers in Medicine served to teach us that we should learn 
 what they did before we boast of what we do, and his unusual know- 
 ledge of classical literature was utilized to charm us as we laboured. 
 Always faithful to the cause to which he had devoted his life, 
 he never left it so far that one forgot he was a doctor of 
 physic; but he led us from the dry fields of exact science, when 
 the spirit moved him, into the tropical verdure of cognate things, 
 now touching the humanities, now placing before us a mental feast 
 that satisfied the soul and made us better men. 
 
 For this reason, and because it was in this city that he de- 
 veloped fully, or rather where his development had an opportunity 
 to expand to its full possibilities, I shall deal with him as a clinician 
 and teacher in Philadelphia. Teaching the so-called Institutes 
 of Medicine in Montreal, he was, nevertheless, even there, a bed- 
 side clinician, but his knowledge of the Institutes gained there 
 formed a foundation on which we saw him place his early super- 
 structure. Here his house was completed, and in it he stored his 
 Lares and Penates in the form of the friendship of great men, a 
 large hospital experience, and special training as a teacher at the 
 bedside. 
 
 William Osler came to Philadelphia in the fall of 1884, the 
 year of my graduation, and his arrival created the keenest interest 
 among all medical men hereabouts because he was, to use a political 
 phrase, “‘a dark horse.” Alfred Stillé had offered his resignation 
 from the chair of Practice of Medicine in the University of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1879, and had been persuaded much against his will 
 to continue another five years. 
 
 As the year 1884 began, it became evident that the then 
 Professor of Clinical Medicine, William Pepper 2nd., would 
 succeed Stillé, and a lively canvass on the part of several junior 
 teachers was begun for Pepper’s place. In the meantime, how- 
 ever, the matter was settled by the Faculty offering the Chair 
 to William Osler, who was well known in Philadelphia through his 
 constant contributions to the Medical News and other Journals, and 
 whose reputation as a teacher and original investigator had reached 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 214 OsL~ER, TEACHER AND CLINICIAN IN PHILADELPHIA—HARE 
 
 the knowledge of those at the helm in the University. The letter 
 containing the invitation to this post written by the late Professor 
 James Tyson, then Dean of the University Faculty of Medicine, 
 reached Montreal shortly after Osler’s departure for Europe and 
 was forwarded to him by his friend Dr. Shepherd. Shortly after 
 its despatch, the late Horatio C. Wood, another member of the 
 Faculty, feeling some skepticism as to the truth of the glowing 
 accounts of the young Canadian’s fitness for the high office that 
 was to be filled, went to Montreal, determined, as a personal mat- 
 ter, to ascertain the facts for himself. A day was spent by him, 
 incog., at the French and English hospitals, at all of which Osler 
 was equally a familiar figure, and it satisfied him so completely, 
 that he returned to Philadelphia convinced, from the tributes he 
 had heard on all sides, that the Faculty’s choice was the right one. 
 And it may truly be said that never in its history did the University 
 act so wisely. Indeed, it acted more wisely than Osler’s warmest 
 admirers dreamt of. For he came to Philadelphia at a difficult 
 time, when medical education was undergoing more radical changes 
 than ever before or since, and many professional, financial, educa- 
 tional, and developmental problems awaited solution. Under such 
 conditions many a man would have proved a misfit even if possessed 
 of brilliant parts. His arrival spelt the doom of the ambitions of 
 a number of medical clinicians by no means unworthy; it meant 
 that Pepper with all his brilliancy was to find a foeman worthy 
 of his steel in the faculty and as a teacher, and that the element that 
 was for great changes in teaching was fortified.* 
 
 The remarkable part of Osler’s entrance was that, while 
 the report of his election raised waves of regret and indignation, 
 his actual plunge in the pond at once had the effect of making its 
 surface placid, and this without there being any manifest effort 
 on his part to ingratiate himself with any one or all of the factions. 
 He entered so gracefully and ably and so naturally that he seemed 
 almost at once to be one of us, young and old. He was gracious 
 to his elders, cordial to his contemporaries, encouraging to his — 
 juniors, and jovial almost to the point of frivolity with all, but the 
 dominant factor, that made his way successful with all hands, was, 
 to use a student phrase, ‘‘he was up, ’—that is he knew his subject 
 
 : “For further details on the medical conditions in Philadelphia at this 
 time, see “ William Osler as a Clinician and Teacher,” by Hobart Amory Hare, 
 Therapeutic Gazette, March, 1920. 
 

 
 OsnER, TEACHER AND CLINICIAN IN PHILADELPHIA—HARE 215 
 
 and knew how to teach what he knew, and no one knew a subject 
 better than he did when a show-down of knowledge was to be 
 made. He took an active part, not only in University matters, 
 but in all the medical societies that tended to research, and he 
 never spoke without impressing his hearers with his familiarity 
 with his topic. All these facts explain how it was that he won his 
 way so rapidly with the medical men associated with him as well 
 as with the students. 
 
 His first ward class was an eye-opener. In it he fairly frol- 
 icked in enthusiastic delight, and in a few moments had every man 
 intensely interested and avid for more. Every new specimen that 
 he came to at autopsy, and every interesting manifestation of dis- 
 ease in the living, was to him a treasure, and just as Leidy saw 
 in every flower and stone, and bone, and worm, and rhizopod, an 
 inner beauty, so Osler, to change my metaphor, was as the light- 
 hearted child who, finding a field of daisies,shouts his delight so 
 exultingly that all the other children become interested and glee- 
 fully shout with him. 
 
 Osler did more than any other man of his day in this city to 
 teach all men that the study and cure of disease is a pursuit which 
 a properly trained mind can follow with as keen enjoyment and 
 uplift as an artist can study great pictures or a musician can hear 
 great masters. Before Osler came, the student was prone to re- 
 gard cancer as a cancer; when Osler left, the student studied it as 
 an aggregation of cells possessing untold mysteries to be unrav- 
 elled, and this is the more remarkable because while he went into 
 the post-mortem room with the joyous demeanour of the youthful 
 Sophocles leading the chorus of victory after the battle of Salamis, 
 he cared little and admitted he knew less, as to how the victory 
 could perhaps have been reached by proper treatment before 
 death took place. This lack of interest in therapy may be said 
 to have been the one weak spot in Osler’s otherwise perfectly 
 rounded out medical qualities. He joyously quoted the remarks 
 of a colleague that “Osler’s therapy consisted in Hope and nux 
 vomica,”’ 
 
 Referring once more to the period at which Osler came here, 
 let me point out that any attempt at original study or research 
 was almost unknown, at least among the younger men. Osler’s 
 enthusiasm soon made an opening, and almost within a month 
 of his arrival he ‘had rigged up a small clinical laboratory, under a 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pale ae) ae Se 
 
 SSS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 216 OsLER, TEACHER AND CLINICIAN IN PHILADELPHIA—HARE 
 
 part of the hospital amphitheatre, and there, amid surroundings so 
 discouraging as to foil the novice, he produced an atmosphere so 
 encouraging and helpful that young fellows trooped to his side. 
 It was as if Beethoven were playing in a hovel. What mattered 
 it, if the Master played, in each case the physical surroundings 
 served only to emphasize the brilliancy of the central figure. And 
 so it may be said that Osler, on entering Philadelphia, carried the 
 torch of original research in clinical medicine, and every now and 
 again touched unlit torches that only needed his hand to make them 
 burn, torches which have happily been carried into many distant 
 parts, each lighting other torches, until like sacred flames they ne- 
 ver die, but multiply. A multitude now exist, some of which are 
 known as torches which he lit, and others, though burning brightly, 
 wot not the source of their living fire. 
 
 Osler, therefore, developed the creed of original study, not 
 only here, but everywhere his apostles migrated. He found a 
 field fertile but unsown, and he raised a harvest that not only re- 
 seeds itself here but with each additional year scatters its grain 
 in ever-widening fertile fields. Indeed, it may be said that it has 
 long since ceased to be a matter of seeding but rather one of 
 catalysis. Even though he is gone, the living particles of en- 
 thusiasm are converting many a low metal into a true gold; and 
 no man whose metal was not pewter did not become the brighter 
 for this Midas touch. 
 
 A very remarkable fact is that whatever Osler did he never 
 lacked an inner dignity. that even the most frivolous conduct 
 could not efface. 
 
 I remember on one occasion in Washington, during the first 
 meeting of the Association of American Physicians, with head- 
 quarters at Wormley’s Hotel, I was asked by a reporter to tell 
 him about the great men in attendance. I was there only as 4 
 medical youngster and referred him to Osler, who took him to the 
 breakfast-room door. In a far-off corner sat a distant relative of 
 mine, Dr. Francis Delafield, a great consultant in New York and 
 by no means jovial or frivolous. The reporter was told that this 
 somewhat aged man was devoted to baseball as a player, that he 
 could not find time to play with regular teams, so he got groups of 
 street urchins to play the game with him on vacant lots, and all 
 of this appeared in cold type the next morning. Delafield was not 
 pleased. I never knew if he knew who was the guilty one, but I 
 

 
 Ostpr, TEACHER AND CLINICIAN IN PHILADELPHIA—HARE 217 
 
 do know that in later years he was one of Osler’s warmest friends 
 and admirers. 
 
 * Tt may be asked, Why, when discussing Osler as a clinician 
 and teacher, do you bring in these outbursts of youth? I have 
 brought them in because they serve to show a buoyancy of spirit 
 that could not be submerged. Combined with his other qualities 
 they served to tell every man that he possessed all good human 
 attributes. Unconsciously we learned that enthusiasm could be 
 controlled by judgment, light-heartedness by thought, buoyancy 
 by ballast, and last of all, grief by serenity and the thought of 
 others. 
 
 It was not out of place, that after his death, the oldest medical 
 body on this continent, the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, 
 should have set aside an evening for the consideration of the 
 sterling qualities of one of their most distinguished Fellows, 
 William Osler. For Osler went about doing good; he taught us, 
 as Robert Louis Stevenson said, that “it is better to travel happily 
 than to arrive,” and although absent from our halls these many 
 years it may be truly said that his spirit never left us and that while 
 we live and while the College lives, it will continue to exert upon 
 the whole of American medicine a goodly influence. 
 
 Those of us who knew Osler, still feel the glow of his person- 
 ality, and those that did not, nevertheless bask in that same sun- 
 shine, the sunshine of high ideals, of noble thoughts, of gentle- 
 ness and kindness, of firmness for the right, of love of one’s fellow- 
 men, and, not least, the love of that profession of medicine which 
 he so gracefully adorned and at whose shrine he placed his noble 
 qualities and his faithful service. 
 
 When the most cruel blow to mortal man was given him in 
 the death of his only son in the war, he taught us that to be brave 
 when bravery seems impossible is true courage. He taught us in 
 life to be glad, in sorrow to be brave, and he left behind him what 
 few men leave—the happiness of a great friendship, the exultation 
 of a great spirit, and the stimulus of a noble life. To quote 
 Kipling’s verse: 
 
 “He scarce had need to doff his pride 
 Or slough the dross of earth 
 
 E’en as he trod that day to God 
 So walked he from his birth, 
 
 In happiness and in gentleness, 
 In honour and clean mirth.”’ 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Student Reminiscences—pPbiladelpbia Period 
 
 Eprtorrat Nore.—The following communications, which have been kindly sent 
 us in response to the request circulated, are not, as in the Montreal 
 period, from men who merely sat under Dr. Osler as undergraduates. 
 In this more advanced period of his professional career, these reminis- 
 cences are from those who served under him as his Internes or as 
 his Junior Associates on the Teaching Staff of the University of 
 Pennsylvania and who thus came still more intimately within the 
 zone of his personal influence. In this connection see also the preceding 
 articles by Drs. Dock and Hare. 
 
 & & & 
 
 IR WILLIAM OSLER was appointed to the Chair of Clinical Medi- 
 
 cine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1884. 
 
 His reputation as a teacher and keen pathologist had preceded him. 
 The students were on the qui vive to attend his Introductory Lecture, and 
 were not disappointed, though his manner, address and hesitancy of 
 speech, which later actually became a great force, were viewed with some 
 misgivings; whatever may have been the effect of these impressions it was 
 soon lost upon the student-body through his rare ability of imparting 
 knowledge, which left an indelible impression upon the student's mind. 
 Philadelphia was noted for her great clinical teachers, to mention only 
 William Pepper and J. M. Da Costa, whose rare sift of language and com- 
 plete mastery of their subject made them, as examples for comparison, 
 names to conjure with. What impressed us most was that no matter 
 how fatigued the student, or uninteresting the subject under discussion,— 
 
 no man ever left Osler’s clinic without feeling something gained, some- 
 thing of outstanding interest and importance was carried away—the 
 attribute of a great teacher. 
 
 By comparison with all others we felt that here was a man well worth 
 
 while. Little we could afford to lose, for the words that fell from his lips 
 were pearls of wisdom. He was an inspiration, with the faculty of excit- 
 ing the best in others, and an infinite capacity for taking pains, the true 
 measure of great genius. 
 _ William Osler came to us not only as a great teacher, but as a great 
 investigator ; he delved into the mysteries of pathology; imbued as he was 
 with the teachings of Virchow and his followers in the clinics of Berlin and 
 Vienna, he gave evidence immediately of an accomplished pathologist. 
 
 His popularity soon radiated among his students and internes, In- 
 deed whoever came to know him; whoever came within his vision never 
 failed to recognize his lovable nature; whoever came under his influence, 
 felt the better for it: there was a magnetism which permeated our very 
 being,—and even now, as I write of him as he appeared thirty-five years 
 ago, these recollections are as vivid as though they were but the events of 
 yesterday. I need not refer to the respect which all accorded him—jovia 
 and jocular as he was—somehow we all knew the limit which we were per- 
 mitted to go. There was no mawkish sentiment, but a transparent sin- 
 cerity, a love of truth, and a desire to encourage us to do better work. 
 His demonstrations, keen, sharply defined, never left us groping in the 
 dark,—founded as they were upon the knowledge of pathology—I really 
 think his greatest love, and his field of research. 
 
 218 
 
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 i a a ae ee eee 
 

 
 
 
 REMINISCENCES, PHILADELPHIA PErRIOD—LEIDY 219 
 
 In diagnosis he reached his conclusions after a rigid analysis,—there 
 was no ‘“‘snap”’ diagnosis in Osler’s clinic. Well do I remember upon an 
 occasion as a group of the hospital staff stood about the bedside of a case 
 in the Neurological ward, the patient being examined by a brilliant 
 physiologist and able investigator in nervous diseases, Horatio C. Wood, 
 who frequently, to stimulate the students’ powers of observation would 
 suddenly turn with,—‘“‘Mr. B., what is your diagnosis in this case?” (a 
 diagnosis which would frequently be analyzed later to the students’ 
 chagrin); this form of quizzing had its advantages, but it was not the 
 Oslerian method. Professor Wood, observing Osler passing through the 
 ward, suddenly hailed him with ‘Hello! Osler—What is your diagnosis 
 in this case?” Osler stopped, looked seriously at the patient for a mo- 
 ment, as if in deep meditation—then, with a merry twinkle in his eye, 
 turned and said “‘Ah! Wood, wonderful! wonderful! are the affections of 
 the human frame, goodbye, Wood.” And passed rapidly on his way to 
 the amusement of his hearers. 
 
 While he impressed us from the very first as a great clinical teacher 
 and leader, it seems to me it was in the autopsy room that Osler showed 
 his great brilliancy to his internes and his profound knowledge of path- 
 ology. Philadelphia was then in the throes of a typhoid epidemic in its 
 most protean aspects; even Murchison would have marvelled could he 
 have studied the richness of the material afforded the young pathologist 
 in those years. Osler was in his element; his enthusiasm knew no bounds; 
 it extended to his internes, who awaited with eagerness the coming of the 
 Chief, and many were the hours we spent in close contact, puzzling over 
 the problems for solution, for there was always something new. 
 
 At an autopsy upon a case of multiple infarcts of the spleen and kid- 
 neys we had searched for the focus of infection without avail; Osler 
 turned suddenly to one of us, ‘You reprobate; you never opened the 
 tympanum.” The tympanic plate was quickly removed from the pet- 
 rosa and exposed an abscess in the middle ear. Upon another occasion a 
 case of melanotic sarcoma of the liver and skin baffled us for a time, when 
 Osler called out, ‘‘You never examined that choroid membrane.” With- 
 in the eyeball was defined a melanotic sarcoma the size of a pea, attached 
 to the choroid. In the course of the autopsy I happened to scratch my 
 finger; Osler saw me stop and, quickly looking up, he called in a cheery 
 voice,—“Scratch yourself? Oh! Leidy, who succeeds you?”’ 
 
 oever saw Osler dissect a heart exposing the mitral and tricuspid 
 valves with their cusps and delicate chordae tendineae, never failed 
 to be impressed with his skill in dissection at the autopsy table; or a dis- 
 section of the brain in the case of a central lesion, the separation of the 
 hemispheres, the longitudinal incisions through the corpus callosum ex- 
 posing the horns of the lateral ventricles, the nuclei and various cap- 
 sules, preparations in beauty not to be surpassed by the skill of the ablest 
 dissectors in any laboratory. From these cases of gross pathological 
 dissections he would turn to the microscope. Here one viewed the lover 
 of scientific research at first hand, then it was he was at work upon the 
 hematazoa malariae. What an inspiration he was to us all. No one 
 could resist it—Packard—Westcott—Laine, and many another. 
 
 Only once I saw him apparently crestfallen, at other times he so 
 masked his feelings that one often failed to read his thoughts. He had 
 left Philadelphia for the night; a patient was admitted to the ward, off 
 ship-board, from the swamps of South Carolina, with all the symptoms of 
 
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 220 REMINISCENCES, PHILADELPHIA PERIOD—LEIDY 
 
 pernicious malaria. The blood was teeming with the various forms of 
 the plasmodia and many ciliated bodies; we had been waiting weeks for 
 such a case. The patient was in a desperate condition and after due con- 
 sultation with the Staff, it was deemed wise to administer large doses of 
 quinine a la Osler, 10 grains every hour for six doses. I passed a restless 
 night, for I was prepared to be anathematized the next day—the rule of 
 the ward was in malaria to hold off all quinine until the patient was seen 
 by the Chief. The next day, as Osler entered the ward, I broke the news 
 gently to him. He looked crestfallen, took me by the arm and as he left 
 the ward, said, “‘Ah! Leidy, your patient is better, but you have broken 
 my heart; I have waited six months for those gregarinal forms!” I must 
 have looked pretty badly, for he suddenly turned, saying “‘Let us get a 
 drop of his blood at any rate.” We went to his laboratory, a room set 
 aside under the old amphitheatre, the slide was placed under the micro- 
 scope, Osler moved it slowly when suddenly, in an outburst of enthusiasm, 
 “Bless my Soul, Dock!’’, turning to Professor George Dock, now of St. 
 Louis, who was assisting him in his pathological researches, ‘Look at that 
 slide.” There were seen beautiful gregarinal forms with cilia sweeping 
 the centre of the field. Turning to me, he said, “Ah! Leidy, you are 
 not as great a reprobate as I thought.” So all was well. 
 
 He came in to the hospital one day and said, “Collect all the chronic 
 heart cases who apply for admission to hospital, especially those with 
 secondary symptoms. Let us see what results are to be obtained from 
 absolute rest, no medicine but our usual placebo” (Compound Tr. Carda- 
 mon). In a short time we had some fourteen cases under observation, 
 presenting a variety of secondary symptoms,—oedema of the lower ex- 
 tremities, pulmonary oedema, bronchitis, dyspnoea, etc., ete. Improve- 
 ment was noted from the beginning, and some weeks later it was decided 
 to utilize a group of the cases for class demonstration. At the first clinic 
 Dr. William Pepper (Professor of Medicine) appeared at the door of the 
 amphitheatre with two elderly physicians who were introduced to Dr. 
 Osler; one I think was the oldest living eraduate of the Medical Depart- 
 ment of the University, who was visiting his Alma Mater for the first time 
 in many years. Osler directed them to seats of honour in the front of the 
 arena. ‘The lecture began, and was followed in rapt attention by the 
 students and the two patriarchal alumni. Osler dilated at great length 
 upon the importance of absolute rest in bed,—the bed-pan imperative, 
 and then, with a merry twinkle in his eye, ‘‘Gentlemen, now as to thera- 
 peutics, we will continue with—mm—mm—Comp, Tinct. Cardamon, 
 five drops t.id.,” hesitating between each word. With that the two 
 alumni took out their note-books and recorded Osler’s specific for chronic 
 heart disease. After the clinic I said, “‘ Doctor, that was a cruel shame, as 
 the darkies say, to allow those men to leave without further explanation; 
 they will be prescribing Tr. Cardamon to all their heart cases.” “Ah! 
 Leidy, bless your soul, think how many lives will be saved; only, only 
 think of the deaths from the indiscriminate use of Digitalis!” : 
 
 Osler had little confidence in drugs. I never knew a greater skeptic. 
 Sometimes I would venture to ask whether he thought this or that drug 
 was of value. He would slap me on the back. ‘Ah! you must be read- 
 ing Fothergill’s Handbook on Treatment.” He had seen a copy on my 
 table and I had to confess it was true. Another time he said, “Well, 
 my dear fellow, if it will ease your mind a bit, put on a poultice.” 
 
 A good deal of criticism has been made of Dr. Osler’s skepticism 1n 
 
 - ee a eee Oe ee 
 

 
 REMINISCENCES, PHILADELPHIA PrERIOD—LEIDY 221 
 
 therapeutics; he looked upon drugs in many instances as double-edged 
 swords. Those who followed his treatment, however, learned to know it 
 was sound; certainly those of us in hospital who were confined to his 
 limited therapeutic armamentarium, will attest to its efficacy, with re- 
 sults the equal of any attained by his severe critics. 
 
 When William Osler left Philadelphia, a void remained which will 
 never be filled by man incarnate. There was a sadness about his going 
 to which he was not unwilling to give expression to some of his intimates. 
 I believe that deep down in his heart he never really wished to leave this, 
 his first new-made home in the States, as he was wont to refer to us. 
 More than once I have heard his regret, ‘‘Do you know, no Pathological 
 Society in the world, not even London, presents the variety of interesting 
 material for pathological research as does the Philadelphia Socicty.”’ 
 Was this the food he craved—for further research into the mysteries of 
 pathology? 
 
 These few words written in a reminiscent mood, of a great teacher 
 and intimate friend, present but a faint outline of the man as we knew 
 him in the flesh. It was my very good fortune to have sat at his feet as a 
 student, to have served as his interne at the University Hospital, to have 
 known him as an intimate in my Father’s and my Uncle’s homes, they his 
 most cherished admirers. Later, when I was Resident Interne in the 
 Pennsylvania Hospital at the time of his departure for Baltimore, I re- 
 ceived a telegram urging me to visit him at Johns Hopkins, when he did 
 me the honour to offer me the post of assistant, but cruel fate stepped in 
 and decided otherwise,—‘“‘ Sic itur ad astra.” 
 
 Philadelphia Joseph Leidy, 2nd. 
 & wt x 
 
 Osler in Philadelphia. 
 
 [DURING the interim following the resignation of Professor Alfred 
 Stillé from the chair of Didactic Medicine in the University of 
 Pennsylvania and the appointment of William Pepper to the chair, there 
 followed a vacancy in the chair of Clinical Medicine which was later 
 filled by the selection of William Osler. 
 
 During this time, we of the Junior Staff carried on the teaching work 
 and well do I remember Osler’s first appearance upon the scene. 
 
 We had in those days, in addition to section teaching, a meeting 
 once a month with the whole class, which was larger then than now. 
 About in the middle of my talk a young man, slight, dark, well set up, 
 walked into the amphitheatre and sat just behind me until the class was 
 dismissed, then walking toward me with extended hand said, “I am Osler.”’ 
 This was a bit disconcerting and I well remember replying, ‘Why in the 
 name of Heaven did you not say so when you came into the room?” 
 
 __ Thus started a warm friendship which extended through all the years, 
 indeed, I received a personal letter from him from England which arrived 
 in Los Angeles after the sad tidings of his death had been announced. 
 
 _ Osler soon endeared himself to all of us by his unfailing good natured 
 kindness and the apparent interest that he took in us and our work. 
 
 During a long and trying illness that came to me, lasting from Febru- 
 ary until December, about a year, Osler practically never failed to call at 
 the house daily and spend some time at my bedside; these calls would be 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 222 REMINISCENCES, PHILADELPHIA PERIOD—EDWARDS 
 
 at irregular hours, sometimes early in the morning before his day started 
 or late at night after the work was over, but he always came, often in his 
 evening clothes, and telling me of men and things, and medical affairs 
 that kept a sick man aw courant. 
 
 We often talked of his future plans and desires, and after his removal 
 to Hopkins and my exodus to California, the frequent visits to Philadel- 
 phia and Baltimore renewed our companionship and camaraderie. Dur- 
 ing one of these visits the offer to go to Edinburgh came to him, and we had 
 a long and frank discussion about it, my feeling, freely expressed, was that 
 he should wait and London would come to him, which it did shortly after 
 and made him very happy, feeling as he expressed it to me that as a 
 British subject he would like to round out his career in England. 
 
 It was, I think, in 1884, after returning from a trip to England, that 
 he handed me a stethoscope, saying that he got it at Hawksley’s, London, 
 and wished me to use it with the class and see what sort of a reception it 
 would have. It at once became popular and well liked. I published a 
 description of it, with cut, in the Medical News, of Philadelphia, calling 
 it the “University Stethoscope’’* and had one of the surgical instrument 
 houses make it in quantity for the student primarily but it was speedily 
 adopted by the general profession. 
 
 I am unable to say after the lapse of so many years whether the in- 
 strument was made for Osler from his suggestions or whether he simply 
 purchased it at Hawksley’s instrument shop. In any event, there is no 
 doubt that Osler in 1884 introduced to the United States the type of 
 stethoscope that is now universally used in this country. 
 
 Los Angeles, California William A. Edwards, M.D., F.A.C.S. 
 
 J & oad 
 
 Some Personal Reminiscences of Sir William Osler in Philadelphia. 
 
 HE announcement of Dr. Osler’s election to the professorship of — 
 clinical medicine at the University of Pennsylvania was received 
 by the students with very mixed feelings. A small group, the congeni- 
 tally parochially minded, whose intellectual universe always is walled in 
 by prejudice and littleness, who have mental myopia, but who yet within 
 their limits think, and think intensely, were not pleased: from their point 
 of view, only graduates of the university deserved positions on its teach- 
 ing staff, and to elect a foreigner was equivalent to saying that foreigners 
 were better men than Americans—an impossible thing. The more 
 broad-minded and intellectually virile group were much pleased, believ- 
 ing a great university should choose, from the whole world, the best men 
 for its professors. The great mass of ingenuous youths, who always 
 make up the larger part of any student body, did not think about the 
 matter, had no opinion, but accepted what the trustees gave them with 
 the happy carelessness of thoughtless adolescence. 
 Osler very soon gained the respect of all students and the affection 
 of many. This was not on account of any endeavour on his part to make 
 
 *A New Binaural Stethoscope. By Wm. A. Edwards, M.D., Ist Asst. 
 Demonstrator of Clinical Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Medica 
 Registrar, Philadelphia Hospital. Med. News, Phila., 1885, XLVI, 527, 528, 
 
REMINISCENCES, PHILADELPHIA PERIOD—BURR 223 
 
 himself popular, and was in spite of a very poor delivery in his lectures. 
 He had a halting speech, which certain cynical youths, and some older 
 people too, said was a pure affectation, which he had consciously and 
 purposely copied while in England. But very soon we forgot all about 
 his manner of speech and realized that he was a man tremendously inter- 
 ested in medicine as a natural science, a man determined to learn all about 
 diseases; indeed in our opinion he already knew pretty much all that was 
 knowable, and wished most earnestly to make us interested in learning 
 for ourselves. His clinical lectures were not really lectures on one given 
 subject, but a demonstration of individual signs and symptoms present 
 in the patient and important in the disease. In ward class, he studied the 
 students and used his impish tricks to test them. For example, he would 
 ask a student if he heard a certain murmur and on being answered yes, as 
 of course he usually was, would say “‘but I do not” and then smile quizzi- 
 cally. He was a tremendous intellectual stimulant, and made us perceive 
 what we saw and get pleasure from perceiving. He created in us a liking 
 for pathology. We had been taught morbid anatomy as an abstract 
 science, separate and apart from medicine: he taught us to tie up clinical 
 symptoms with post mortem findings. He always made an autopsy 
 whenever possible and demonstrated specimens tous. This made us have 
 firm faith in his intellectual honesty, because he showed us the specimens 
 not only when his clinical diagnosis was right, but also when it was wrong, 
 which happened sometimes, notwithstanding our belief in his infallibility . 
 Most important of all, he was a very human man, a close student of stu- 
 dents, very sympathetic with every ambitious youth who had a mind, and 
 honest enough not to pat a fool on the back and tell him what a good fel- 
 low he was. Not always gently, he let him know nature did not mean 
 him to be a physician. He liked young people and this continued till 
 death. He was always on the look-out for bright students and gave them 
 encouragement, but he did not believe that silk purses could be made out 
 of sows’ ears, or that protoplasmic mush could acquire intellect. 
 
 _ During my undergraduate days, I had no very close relations with 
 him save that I seized every opportunity, at odd times, to see him make 
 autopsies at Blockley and frequently asked advice about reading. When 
 
 became an applicant for the position of resident physician at the Ortho- 
 paedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous Diseases, | went to see him 
 at his lodgings and office on Fifteenth street near Chestnut and was more 
 struck by the disorder of his rooms than by any thing else. Books, 
 pamphlets and manuscripts were everywhere. They were not all medi- 
 cal: literature had its place. His desk was in indescribable confusion. 
 To the unobservant there was an air of lack of wealth, to the observant 
 it was clear the user of that office did not care a rap about externals and 
 was not trying to hoodwink the public by brassware and showy furniture, 
 but was thinking only of science and men. He already knew I was inter- 
 ested in nervous diseases and assured me that, as far as he was concerned, 
 Thad the place. Then the impish spirit, which never deserted him, came 
 to the surface and he asked me if I had read Meynert’s Psychiatry. I 
 answered “No.” He said, ‘You can never be a neurologist till you have 
 studied and mastered the book, here is a copy, take it, read it, come to 
 seemeinamonth.” That night I began the reading. The first few pages 
 were easy enough. It began with a description of the amphioxus, which, 
 since the animal has almost no nervous system, could not be made ob- 
 scure. But after reading some pages, I started to think out what I had 
 
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 224 REMINISCENCES, PHILADELPHIA PERIOD—BuURR 
 
 read. I could not repeat the book’s argument. I read again, and again 
 started to think it out. Again I balked. Iwas in despair. If one had to 
 understand the confounded book to be a neurologist, nature never meant 
 me to be a neurologist. Hopeless, I returned to Osler and said, “Doctor 
 I can never be a neurologist.” “Why?” “I can not comprehend 
 Meynert.” ‘Do not let that worry you. Nobody else can.” All this 
 with a merry twinkle. I became resident at the Infirmary and later, 
 a neurologist. During my term there, from July, 1887, till July, 1888, he 
 prepared his two books on chorea and cerebral palsies of children. I 
 assisted him in writing up histories and keeping running notes of examina- 
 tions of the patients. He used to come to the hospital in the evenings and 
 we would go over the histories together. Every child with St. Vitus dance, 
 and there were a great many in the clinic, was thoroughly examined. 
 Their hearts especially were gone over every week. He had an out-pa- 
 tient clinic one day each week, which he attended himself. The other two 
 clinics were held by S. Weir Mitchell and Wharton Sinkler. I do not 
 think there is any other hospital in Philadelphia in which the visiting 
 physicians actually attend the out-patient department regularly. 
 
 Osler had one defect asa chief. He neither knew anything about, nor 
 eared anything for, therapeutics. He depended on rest, exercise, diet 
 and quiet, digitalis, opium, iodide, and mercury and, above all, nature’s 
 medicine, time. Worse than this the average resident came out of his 
 hands having absorbed an attitude of contempt toward all methods 
 of healing the sick. At the Infirmary one had the powerful antidote of 
 Weir Mitchell. Internes in other hospitals were not as fortunate. 
 
 His therapeutic nihilism, as well as his impishness, is illustrated by 
 the following incident. He sent an ill-tempered, not too well bred, silly 
 and neurasthenic lady to the hospital with a note to me saying, “Put Mrs. 
 Blank on rest cure.” I, being saturated with Weir Mitchell’s ideas and 
 being used to obeying orders, prescribed bed, absolute milk diet, isola- 
 tion, massage and Faradism, as well as a little medicine. Next day when 
 he came to the hospital I suggested he see her, because she was already 
 getting restless and evidently regarded me as a sort of lower, not upper, 
 servant. He would not see her but said, ‘‘Let us go examine the man in 
 the ward who showed that interesting saddle-shaped anaesthesia around 
 the perinaeum. He must have disease in his cauda equina. Have you 
 tried his temperature sense?” We spent a long time in the wards and 
 he left the hospital. He did not return for two days and even then 
 would not see the private patient. (I may say parenthetically he had 
 very little private practice at this time and indeed made no attempt to get 
 a clientele. All he wanted was an occasional consultation, and he got all 
 the consultations he would bother with.) Finally, after a week the neuras- 
 thenic woman had gotten so on my nerves that I could stand it no longer. 
 She abused me and the nurses and everybody and I told him he must see 
 her. He went dancing into the room, eyes sparkling, looking impish, 
 and asked her how the house doctor was treating her. She broke out, 
 I was starving her, feeding her on milk. Whereupon he, “Burr, give the 
 poor woman food, milk is for babes.” She, “And, Dr. Osler, he won't 
 even allow my husband to see me.” Osler, turning to me and smiling 
 quizzically, “Burr, never separate man and wife.” This went on 10r 
 several minutes. Had I not loved him with the love of a young hero- 
 worshipper, I would have hated him, but I did not. I forgave him a. 
 The poor woman left the hospital, returned months after under Mitchell, 
 
REMINISCENCES, PHILADELPHIA PrERIOD—BuRR 225 
 
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 I still being interne, and was cured. His fondness for practical jokes is 
 illustrated by the following which led to tears from a defenceless woman. 
 The superintendent of the hospital was a high-strung young woman, with 
 much suppressed emotion, who worshipped him from afar, with an adora- 
 tion suitable to be offered to the gods. He probably had no opinion about 
 her of any kind, but knew she prided herself on the immaculate cleanness 
 of the hospital. One day he asked me where he could get a skewer and 
 some cobwebs. Somewhat astonished, because I could think of no pos- 
 sible relation between the two things, could not in the wildest stretches of 
 my not too imaginative soul, see how two such antipathetic things as skew- 
 ers and cobwebs could be brought to any common use, unless, indeed, he 
 had altogether taken leave of his therapeutic senses and purposed to heal 
 a cut by cobwebs, said “‘I will get a skewer from the kitchen, but,” and 
 this with considerable pride in the cleanness of the house, “there are no 
 cobwebs here.” I got the skewer. He said, “Let’s go to the cellar.”’ 
 We went and he searched. Finally he found a web in one of the dark 
 recesses of the coal cellar. He wrapped it round the skewer and we 
 marched upstairs, he waving the dirty thing in front of him. We con- 
 fronted the superintendent, she being in blissful ignorance of our expedi- 
 tion. He, with a mock gravity, which she took seriously, said, ‘Miss 
 Blank, you say this hospital is clean, look what I found on entering here 
 to-day,” and shook the dirty object in her face. On her part—tears. 
 It took me several hours to convince her it was a joke. 
 
 I have purposely laid stress in this little paper, not on the serious 
 side of Osler’s life, but on the trifling and human. Let no one think I 
 did not recognize and respect his serious side. Ido and did. As I have 
 said many times, to him and Weir Mitchell I owe more than to all other 
 men, barring my father. But his very impishness of spirit was one of 
 the charms of the man, and one of the qualities which enabled him to 
 keep up the fight when, in his old age, the awful tragedy of war came into 
 his very inmost life and took from him his son. Therefore it ought to 
 be recorded. 
 
 Philadelphia Charles W. Burr, M.D., 
 Professor of Mental Diseases, 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
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 Reminiscence 
 
 ot the time Dr. Osler came to the University of Pennsylvania, I was 
 chief of Clinic to Dr. Horatio C. Wood, Clinical Professor of Di- 
 seases of the Nervous System.* Though very much younger than Dr. 
 Wood, I was on close terms with him and familiar with the details of 
 the visit which he paid to Montreal at the time when Dr. Osler was called 
 to Philadelphia. Dr. Wood’s account of his experiences in Montreal and 
 especially of the information he elicited regarding Dr. Osler, excited in 
 me many pleasurable anticipations, which, when Dr. Osler finally arrived 
 
 * Dr. Wood was also Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2296 REMINISCENCES, PHILADELPHIA PERIOD—DERCUM 
 
 in Philadelphia, were more than verified. Dr. Osler at once assumed an 
 important and influential rdle in the faculty, but it was upon the younger 
 teachers, like myself, and the student body, that he secured a special hold. 
 He was, according to my recollection, about thirty-five years of age at 
 the time. 
 
 In addition to the formal lectures which he gave and his attendance 
 in the wards of the University Hospital, he also conducted his own out- 
 patient department on clinical medicine. This department was on the 
 side of the court-yard of the hospital, opposite to the neurological depart- 
 ment of which I was myself in daily charge. Very soon a strong friend- 
 ship sprang up between us and he not infrequently came over to our de- 
 partment. His visits were always stimulating to a degree, and myself 
 and the various assistants always looked forward to his visits with a great 
 deal of pleasure. The only fault we found was that these visits were too 
 infrequent. 
 
 At this time Eadweard Muybridge, the distinguished student of 
 animal locomotion, was conducting a remarkable series of investigations 
 in an enclosure on the hospital grounds. Instantaneous photographs of 
 men and animals in motion were made with an apparatus consisting of 
 twenty-four cameras arranged in series, the exposures taking place succes- 
 sively at definite intervals of time. I induced Mr. Muybridge to photo- 
 graph some of the patients of the Neurological Department as well as a 
 number of patients from the great nervous wards of the Philadelphia 
 General Hospital. While Dr. Osler was not directly concerned in these 
 investigations, he evinced the liveliest interest in them, was frequently 
 present, and when opportunity offered, sent patients from his own ser- 
 vice. The Muybridge results were subsequently published in a very 
 elaborate series of photographic plates and are especially memorable be- 
 cause they constituted the forerunners of the modern moving pictures. 
 
 Dr. Osler’s activities embraced also a service at the Philadelphia 
 General Hospital and another at the Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary 
 for Nervous Diseases. His activities at the former were not confined 
 to the Medical Wards, for he devoted a large portion of his time to the 
 making of post-mortem examinations. At the latter he was always sur- 
 rounded by a group of internes and younger medical men generally and, 
 at times also, of course, by students. I have known him to make as many 
 as seven autopsies in a single day. He was indefatigable, always en- 
 thusiastic and always inspiring. At the Orthopaedic Hospital, as 1s 
 well known, he made important studies upon the clinical material and 
 these later became the subjects of various monographs at his hands. I 
 myself was connected in a junior capacity with the hospital and was 4 
 witness of his activity. 
 
 He also became a member of the Library Committee of the College 
 of Physicians and here especially he was in his element, for he devoutly 
 loved books. His judgment, his general and extensive knowledge of 
 medical literature, past and present, and his knowledge of French and 
 German stood the library in good stead. It has always been a source 0 
 pride and pleasure to myself that when he left Philadelphia for Balti- 
 more, I had the honour of succeeding him upon the Committee. 
 
 _ He was of course very active in the various medical societies of 
 Philadelphia. While he, generously, did not neglect the County Society, 
 he was especially active in the Pathological Society, the College of Physi- 
 cians and—I like to think—most of all in the Neurological Society. 
 
 ——— = a.“ 
 

 
 REMINISCENCES, PHILADELPHIA PERIOoD—DeERcuM 227 
 
 His leaving Philadelphia to go to the Hopkins was a matter of very 
 serious regret, a regret that was very personal with most of us. The 
 future, however, showed that we had not lost him for he came to Phila- 
 delphia a great deal, keeping up his activities in the various societies and 
 taking part in our various medical social functions. Philadelphia had 
 evidently secured a hold upon him. Weir Mitchell, the spell of whose 
 influence he felt very early after coming to Philadelphia, was always a 
 great attraction to him, and also the College of Physicians, with whose 
 interesting history and beautiful traditions he was thoroughly imbued 
 and with which he was in warm sympathy. And he never forgot our 
 library. Even after he left the Hopkins for England he frequently wrote 
 to our Librarian, Mr. Fisher, and upon not a few occasions made us 
 valuable and interesting gifts. The five years which he had spent in 
 Philadelphia were evidently never forgotten by him and were memorable 
 years to many of us here. 
 
 One of his characteristics was his encouragement of others. Very 
 few papers were written by members of the younger group which, when of 
 consequence, did not elicit his praise and commendation. His influence 
 naturally was very great. This was due not only to the very unusual 
 character of his attainments, the broad biological foundation upon which 
 his medical education had been built, and the accurate clinical and patho- 
 logical knowledge he had acquired, but more than all to his personality. 
 The latter was engaging and inspiring to a degree. 
 
 Philadelphia Francis X. Dercum 
 & ad & 
 
 Sir William Osler’s Sojourn in Philadelphia—E specially His Assocta- 
 tion with the Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous 
 Diseases tn 1887-88-89. 
 
 N the advent of William Osler to Philadelphia in response to the call 
 of the University of Pennsylvania, new life was infused into the man- 
 ner of teaching of medicine and research. The love of research was taught 
 in a manner never before attempted. Unfortunately I saw but little of 
 his method at this time, and it was not until 1887, when he was elected 
 as one of the Physicians to the Philadelphia Orthopaedic Hospital and 
 Infirmary, that I had the good fortune to be associated with him. 
 
 _ Part of the duty of the physician to the Hospital is to conduct the 
 Dispensary on his day of service, beside the ordinary attendance on the 
 Hospital, and on this day the young physicians who were connected with 
 the Hospital collected to glean from his lucid manner of investigation 
 of the patients brought before him, the nature of their ailment. Path- 
 ology was a strong point in these investigations. 
 
 Pathology and research were the two subjects that interested him 
 most, and while at the Orthopaedic Hospital the study of the great wealth 
 contained in the notes of the cases at the Dispensary gave him intense 
 pleasure, and from these notes he gleaned much that has been of great 
 benefit to the profession. His first publication emanating from the Hos- 
 pital was on “Chorea” based upon the study of over 550 cases, recalling 
 for this purpose many of the old patients, and several important points 
 were brought forth, principally the fact that “endocarditis is a very com- 
 
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 228 REMINISCENCES, PHILADELPHIA PERIOD—LEWIs 
 
 mon complication of Chorea Minor” and ‘‘that in a considerable propor- 
 tion of the cases, much larger than had been hitherto supposed, the comp- 
 licating endocarditis lays the foundation of organic heart disease.” In 
 fact the statement is credited to him that no disease, not even rheuma- 
 tism, is so apt to be followed by endocarditis as chorea, and also “‘that 
 there is no known disease in which endocarditis is so constantly found 
 post-mortem as in chorea.” 
 
 His second publication from the hospital was on ‘‘The Cerebral 
 Palsies of Children.” The individual cases are described and com- 
 mented on and, where an autopsy could be obtained, the pathological 
 conditions found were also described and commented on. It is needless 
 to say that the investigation of the notes and cases prior to the compiling 
 of these two publications was of much interest to the young practitioners 
 who were fortunate enough to follow him. Dr. Osler endeared himself 
 to all with whom he came in contact, not only by his gracious manner 
 and his fund of humor, but also, as far as a physician was concerned, 
 by his clear insight and interested manner of studying a given case, which 
 stimulated all to imitate him. Therapy itself did not interest him, for 
 it was the unearthing of unobserved symptoms and their importance in 
 the study of a case that held his interest. 
 
 I remember most vividly a private case that shows the point that most 
 attracted Dr. Osler’s interest in a patient. My colleague and I had a 
 as to the pathology and the large nervous element present, but thouglit 
 it of sufficient importance to call him in consultation as to the pathology 
 and treatment. When he called at the house he quickly agreed with us 
 as to the pathology of the trouble and almost immediately lost all interest, 
 and spent the rest of the time at the house in examining the books in the 
 library, which was an unusually fine one. It is needless to say that the 
 patient thought that sufficient study had not been paid to the treatment. 
 
 He always saw the ludicrous side of things, and his sense of humor 
 added much to the pleasure of associating with him. One day while 
 inspecting the Orthopaedic Hospital, he found, with great pleasure, a 
 small cobweb in the basement; he pounced upon this, brought it up to the 
 office on his finger, and made a serious complaint to the matron upon her 
 poor housekeeping, and was amused that she had misunderstood the fact 
 that he was only in fun. 
 
 William Osler was a born teacher, and began his teaching in Montreal, 
 gaining a wide reputation as a writer as well as a teacher. After coming 
 to Philadelphia, he improved in this respect, and when he went to Johns 
 Hopkins in 1889 he had still further improved in ability and diction. 
 
 _ His time in Philadelphia was taken up with writing, teaching, hos- 
 pital work and in consultation, but not in the ordinary work of the prac- 
 ticing physician. 
 
 He was known by all physicians of any note here, and when once he 
 was known he was thereafter claimed as a friend, even after he left the 
 City. His genial manner to his friends is shown by the following in¢l- 
 dent which occurred after he left Philadelphia. 
 
 One day while walking with my wife at Murray Bay, Canada, I 
 met him driving with his wife. He joyously called out to me, addressing 
 me by a name that would have been an insult from any other mouth than 
 his, but was really meant as a term of affection, and was so unders 
 by me, and insisted that we should adjourn to his house and partake of 8 
 picnic lunch, at which we helped ourselves to the edibles on the side table 
 

 
 REMINISCENCES, PHILADELPHIA PERIOD—LEwWIS 229 
 
 as the maids were all out that Sunday afternoon. We were made thor- 
 oughly at home with some of his friends. 
 
 The accompanying photograph showing Osler at one of his Clinics 
 in 1889 at the Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary is inserted here on ac- 
 count of the interest that is associated with it. 
 
 When in 1889 William Osler left Philadelphia to accept the position 
 of Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, we all 
 felt that we had not only lost a dear friend, but that the profession in 
 Philadelphia had lost a leading light. The Orthopaedic Hospital and 
 Infirmary felt this most keenly, for although his stay had been short, 
 the Institution considered that its work had never been better performed 
 than when in his hands, and the Hospital believed that it had a right to be 
 critical when it has had such men on its roll as 8. Weir Mitchell on the 
 medical side and Wm. W. Keen on the surgical, not to mention others 
 of great merit. The Institution cannot but feel that it was the means of 
 adding not a little to the luster of his fame. 
 
 Philadelphia should certainly have the credit of bringing Osler’s 
 talents as a teacher and pathologist to their full fruition. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. Morris J. Lewis, M.D. 
 J ae es 
 
 Recollections of Sir William Osler 
 
 EprrortaL Note.—In forwarding the following reminiscence Dr. Toulmin 
 related the following interesting incident about the circumstances of 
 his appointment from the Philadelphia school as Junior Interne at the 
 ‘oa Hopkins Hospital during the first year of Dr. Osler’s service 
 there. 
 
 “TURING my last year at Medical School, upon hearing of Osler’s appoint- 
 
 ment as physician in charge of Johns Hopkins Hospital (to be effective 
 I believe, in May, 1889), I summoned up an unusual amount of courage and 
 presented myself at Osler’s office and requested that he consider me for the 
 position of Junior Interne, the position being open a few days after my gradua- 
 tion. He received me graciously, of course. He could not receive anyone 
 im any other way. He asked me to make formal application in writing and to 
 give some good reason why I should be selected. As I recall it, this was in 
 December, 1888. From time to time I called upon him to ask if he had 
 selected his Interne, and early in the spring he advised me to go to Baltimore 
 to meet two or three other members of the Committee which would select the 
 men for the various hospital positions, as the choice did not rest with him 
 alone. I had reminded him that it was necessary for me to know if my ap- 
 plication was acted upon either favourably or unfavourably, as in the latter 
 _ : oe to take the examination for Interneship in the Philadelphia 
 
 ospital. 
 
 ‘I think it must have been late in April or early in May when he sent 
 for me and said: 
 
 “Toulmin, you have not been selected for Junior Interne on the Medical Staff of Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital, but if you will personally see that my pathological specimens are safely 
 removed from the University Hospital to Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, and that not one of 
 these specimens is lost or a glass jar broken, I will let you stay at the Hospital in my ser- 
 
 ce, 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 230 REcOLLECTIONS, JoHNS Hopkins PERIoD—TOouULMIN 
 
 “This was the nearest announcement he ever made that I had been suc- 
 cessful in my application. 
 
 “T saw the packing-cases containing his specimens safely stowed on the 
 Philadelphia-Baltimore boat, accompanied them to Baltimore, saw them 
 packed on a dray and proudly rode on top of one of them to the Hospital; 
 and then followed the wonderful eighteen months of which I shall gladly 
 give some impression in my contribution.” 
 
 Having been a student in the Medical Department of the Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania from September, 1886, to my graduation in May, 
 1889, I at that time came under the influence of Sir William Osler,—then 
 “Doctor” or “Professor” Osler,—attending his clinics at the University 
 and Philadelphia Hospitals and in my last year his ward classes. It was, 
 however, while I acted as his Junior Interne at Johns Hopkins Hospital 
 from May, 1889, to October, 1890, that I really learned to know what an 
 outstanding man he was. Ever since that wonderful year and a half, I 
 have continued to appreciate more and more what a great opportunity 
 was given me through that association. 
 
 Osler was always a teacher, at all times and under all circumstances; 
 it is hardly necessary, therefore, to separate my recollections of him under 
 the two periods mentioned. I recall, however, that to his students he 
 laid particular stress on the necessity of methodically examining a pa 
 tient, and especially of obtaining a full history of a case before beginning 
 the physical examination. He impressed upon us that a correct diagnosis 
 is the important factor—the treatment simple in comparison. 
 
 We did not learn the use of all of the drugs in the pharmacopeia from 
 him. If my memory is correct, he thought we could get along quite satis- 
 factorily with six or eight drugs; while one of his favourite prescriptions 
 was ‘Time in divided doses.” 
 
 But if drugs were not given a prominent place, how rich were his 
 clinics in all other features,—the history of disease, causes and effects; 
 how clear and concise the deductions from the history and physical ex- 
 amination; how interesting was each case made by him; how beautiful 
 his diction! 
 
 Osler lived in the Hospital during my service, as did nearly all the 
 staff, and was the moving spirit of that very happy “family,” both during 
 the hours of work, of informal talks or meetings in the Library and of 
 social gatherings. He was a prodigious worker and had an extraordinary 
 faculty of inspiring his associates to do something worth while. He 
 always gave encouragement and assistance to everyone who was working 
 in the Ward or the Laboratory or in the Library, now suggesting a line 
 of research, now a subject for critical review, now an unusual case to 
 
 studied and reported. His wide knowledge of subjects allied to medicine, 
 
 of literature and languages, made his clinics, his ward demonstrations, 
 his conversation always interesting and entertaining and often brilliant. 
 __ He was a man with a delightful personality, earnest but cheerful, 
 light-hearted, sympathetic. When he entered a room or a ward, the 
 effect was instantaneous and striking; everyone was eager to serve him 
 and was responsive to his genial, cordial, helpful manner; and all felt 
 the benefit of his mere presence, as a burst of sunshine following a dreary 
 day brings hope and cheerfulness and encouragement. 
 
 ee: had, too, a delightful sense of humour. I remember on one occa- 
 sion the Hospital authorities were thrown into a condition of consterna- 
 tion on learning that through an error, a “gentleman of colour,” wearing 
 clerical garb, was admitted to one of the private wards. I was assign 
 
 
 
 7 
 
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REMINISCENCES, JOHNS Hopkins PEriop—Woop—PrEck 231 
 
 the pleasant duty of diplomatically getting him out of the hospital when 
 I went to take his history. I soon discovered that he had been as white 
 as any of us until a few weeks before his illness, which was some liver 
 condition that had caused a most marked jaundice. Osler enjoyed the 
 affair more than any one else and often in later years referred to the epi- 
 sode of the ‘‘coloured Episcopal minister.” 
 
 While in no sense a surgeon, he took the deepest interest in 
 the splendid work of Halsted and Kelly and showed fine appreciation of 
 their accomplishments. He was, however, a great pathologist and na- 
 turally formed for Welch, with his brilliant researches and studies, his 
 warmest friendship and deepest attachment. 
 
 A cultured gentleman, a profound scholar, an accomplished and 
 versatile writer, an unexcelled teacher, an inspiring leader, our beloved 
 “Chief,’—Srr WILLIAM OSLER. 
 
 Philadelphia Harry Toulmin 
 
 Rd ne at 
 
 Personal Reminiscence extracted from a letter received in response to” our 
 request: 
 
 “TY HAD the very great privilege of serving under Dr. Osler in the 
 
 Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, from October Ist, 1888, 
 to March 31st, 1889, and also of some very pleasant visits subsequently 
 at his Baltimore home. My interneship under Dr. Osler was very much 
 enjoyed at the time, and I have looked upon it almost as an epoch in 
 my life. Dr. Osler was one of two members of our faculty from ,whom 
 I received the greatest inspiration in medicine. 
 
 Philadelphia Alfred C. Wood 
 
 ad Jt &% 
 
 A Personal Reminiscence 
 
 [? was my good fortune during my interneship at the Philadelphia 
 General Hospital, long known as Blockley, in the years 1885-1886, to 
 see Dr. Osler, then a young man in the necropsy room,when some of my 
 patients came to examination. 
 __ His wonderful personality showed in this work, as in all he did in 
 his long and illustrious career. 
 
 His grasp of essentials, the accuracy of his judgments, and the per- 
 fection of his technique stand out in my memory as though it were but 
 yesterday. I count it one of the treasures of life to have seen even a 
 little of his work, and to have known, though slightly, such a Master in 
 
 Medicine. 
 Elizabeth L. Peck, 
 May 24th, 1925 334 S. 42nd Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
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 932 PATHOLOGICAL REcoRDS OF BLOCKLEY HosprTaL—LanpIs 
 
 THE PATHOLOGICAL RECORDS OF THE 
 BLOCKLEY HOSPITAL 
 
 H. R. M. Lanpis, M.D. 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 [% the issue of the Medical News for August 9th, 1884, the 
 following item appeared :—_ 
 
 “Dr, William Osler, of McGill University, Montreal, is prominently 
 and favorably mentioned in connection with the Professorship of Clinical 
 Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, rendered vacant by the 
 transfer of Dr. Pepper to the Chair of Theory and Practice of Medicine. 
 Dr. Osler is widely Lowi as a talented scholar, a learned clinician and a 
 popular teacher, and his election, which it is understood will be very acceptable 
 to the Medical Faculty, would add undoubtedly to the high reputation which 
 the University has already enjoyed.’’ 
 
 A few weeks later the Canada Medical and Surgical Journal 
 added that :— 
 
 “Tf Dr. Osler should finally accept this appointment, whilst recognizing 
 its appropriateness, we could not but feel that his removal involves a serious 
 loss both to McGill University and to this city.” 
 
 These rumors became an actuality when on October 7th, 
 1884, he was unanimously elected to the Chair of Clinical Medicine 
 of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 The affectionate regard and professional esteem in which he 
 was held is attested to by his election as President of the Canadian 
 Medical Association just before leaving for the States, the large 
 testimonial dinner given in Montreal, and, finally, the marching 
 of the students of McGill University in a body to the station to 
 see him off. “Probably no public man has ever left Montreal 
 whose departure has been more sincerely regretted by all with 
 whom he was brought in contact.” . 
 
 A little less than five years later he again faced a change and 
 finally on May Ist, 1889, the Philadelphia period of his develop- 
 ment was brought to a close. In his address “ Bquanimitas” 
 which was his valedictory to the Graduating Class of the Uni- 
 versity, he said;—“Recking not my own rede, I illustrate the 
 inconsistency which so readily besets us. One might have thought 
 that in the premier school of America, in this Civitas Hippo- 
 cratica, with associations so dear to a lover of his profession, 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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ParHoLocicaL Recorps oF BuockxLey Hosritat—Lanpis 233 
 
 with colleagues so distinguished, and with students so considerate, 
 one might have thought, I say, that the Hercules Pillars of a 
 man’s ambition had been reached. But it has not been so ordained, 
 and to-day I sever my connection with this University. A 
 stranger—I cannot say an alien—among you, I have been made 
 to feel at home. More you could not havé done.”’ 
 
 What of this Philadelphia period? What did it mean to 
 him and what part did it play in his development? These ques- 
 tions can, I think, be summed up in a few words. An avid interest 
 in morbid anatomy in its relation to clinical medicine. A study 
 of his professional activities as well as the personal recollections 
 of colleagues and students indicate clearly that his career in 
 Philadelphia was like unto that of an artist who follows his chosen 
 path not for fame nor money but actuated solely by a love of his 
 work and an ardent desire for knowledge. Next to his official 
 teaching position at the University his chief interests were in the 
 dead-house of the Philadelphia Hospital (the old Blockley Hospital) 
 and the Philadelphia Pathological Society. That he had other 
 interests it is true, but the record of his medical activities are 
 largely centered about these. Blockley with its wealth of clinical 
 and pathological material was for him literally a gold mine. This 
 he acknowledges in a characteristic note (written in autograph 
 on a prescription blank) to Dr. John Welsh Croskey.— 
 
 “Dear Croskey: 
 
 Greetings—cardiac. The American Who’s Who has all the 
 essential data, which your secretary can copy—I have added in 
 the circular a few others. You may also like to add the following: 
 —“T look back with rare pleasure to my term of service at Blockley 
 1885-89. My appointment I owe to Dr. Pepper. The wards 
 were always full of interesting cases and of my literary output, which 
 in Philadelphia, came very largely from the Philadelphia Hospital 
 service, the malaria experience was of special value. I had the 
 best and kindest of colleagues—Tyson, Bruen, Musser, Hughes 
 and others. With peculiar pleasure too I look back on my as- 
 sociation with a group of keen and intelligent residents, and with 
 Miss Fisher and Miss Horner, in the recently established Training 
 School for Nurses, nor must I forget dear old Owen, on the medical 
 floor, with his Hippocratic gift of prognosis. 
 
 Yours, 
 William Osler” 
 
 19 
 
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 934 PaTHoOLOGICAL Recorps oF BLocKLEY Hosprrat—Lanpis 
 
 As stated in the above letter he was appointed Visiting 
 Physician to Blockley in 1885 and resigned in June 1889, Inter- 
 ested as he was in the clinical material in the wards, he was even 
 more interested in the post-morten room. His devotion to patho- 
 logy and his almost daily presence in the autopsy room led one of 
 his colleagues to remark that ‘‘Osler was an excellent consultant, 
 but the trouble was that he could so rarely be found when wanted,” 
 His keenness for performing autopsies finally got him into diff 
 culties with the accredited pathologists of the Hospital. This led 
 to the passing of a rule that no Visiting Chief could perform an 
 autopsy except on a case from his own ward and then only in the 
 presence of the Chief Resident Physician. 
 
 During his term of service at Blockley he performed person= 
 ally 162 autopsies. Of this number he had been the attending 
 physician in 94 while the remaining 68 belonged to his colleagues: 
 That the opportunity to perform an autopsy should never be lost 
 is evidenced by the fact that no less than 48 cases of pulmonary 
 tuberculosis are included in the total of 162. No matter how 
 familiar the pathological picture was likely to be, he apparently 
 felt that there was always something to learn. 
 
 Probably his most important contribution to clinical medicine 
 and clinical pathology from the Philadelphia Hospital was his 
 study of malaria. 
 
 Laveran had communicated his findings in 1881 and 1882 
 to the Paris Academy of Medicine, and in 1884 published a large 
 monograph on the malarial fevers. At this time, and indeed for 
 several years more, ‘the attitude of the profession on the question 
 of micro-organisms of malaria was one of judicious skepticism.” 
 It is now entirely forgotten that a bacillus malariae, described by 
 Klebs and Tomassi-Crudelli, was, at the time of and following 
 Laveran’s discovery, looked upon by some as the cause of the 
 disease. In this country those who first confirmed Laveran’s 
 discovery were Councilman, James and Osler. The latter, how- 
 ever, had originally been among the skeptics. After his own 
 studies he manfully acknowledged that “When I first read Lav- 
 eran’s papers, nothing excited my incredulity more than his 
 description of the ciliated bodies. It seemed so improbable, 
 and so contrary to all past experience, that flagellate organisms 
 should occur in the blood. The work of the past six months has 
 taught me a lesson on the folly of a skepticism based on theoretical 
 
 
 
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 ENTRANCE OF PHILADELPHIA GENERAL HOSPITAL (OLD BLOCKLEY). 
 
 
 
 Fic. [II.—A TYPICAL BLOCKLEY “STREET’’, AS IT WAS IN OSLER’S TIME, SHOWING THE MEDICAL 
 WARDS ON THE LEFT. THE GATE AT THE EXTREME LEFT MUST HAVE BEEN PASSED 
 THROUGH DAILY BY SIR WILLIAM ON HIS WAY TO THE OLD 
 LABORATORY, 
 
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 PaTHoLoGiIcAL Krecorps or BLOcKLEY HosprTraAt—LaAnpis 235 
 
 conceptions, and of preconceived notions drawn from a, limited 
 experience.” And in another place he says:—‘‘In 1886, at the 
 meeting of the Association of American Physicians, when Dr. 
 Councilman presented a summary of Laveran’s views, I (speaking 
 out of the fulness of my ignorance) was extremely skeptical.” 
 
 The results of his studies on the etiology of malaria were made 
 the subject of an address given at the Conversational Meeting 
 of the Philadelphia Pathological Society, October 28, 1886. This 
 address was published in the British Medical Journal, March 12, 
 1887, under the title ““The Haematozoa of Malaria.” The 
 paper is quite long and embodies the results of painstaking ob- 
 servations on 52 cases. In addition to the text description the 
 article is freely illustrated with camera lucida drawings showing 
 the cycle of development of the parasite. The thoroughness of 
 this study,confirming as it did Laveran’s work in every particular, 
 did much to convince those who doubted that observer’s claims. 
 In a later paper on the subject (Johns Hopkins Bulletin No. 1, 
 Dec. 1889) Osler states that Dr. Vandyke Carter, a distinguished 
 pathologist in India, ‘‘had been rather repelled by the apparently 
 extraordinary statements of Laveran, and had not given special 
 study to the subject, until the appearance of my paper in the 
 British Medical Journal.” 
 
 To an ex-resident of the Philadelphia Hospital and recalling 
 the irksome task (to be escaped if possible) of writing the notes of 
 the pathologist, it was with some feelings of shame that I found 
 that the descriptions of a very considerable number of his autopsies 
 were in his own handwriting. These autopsy protocols are dis- 
 tinguished for their clearness of description and although rapidly 
 recorded need little or no alteration. 
 
 A study of the minutes of the meetings of the Philadelphia 
 Pathological Society indicate that from the time of his arrival 
 in Philadelphia, and even before his election, he was an almost 
 constant attendant of the meetings of the Society. 
 
 On December 11, 1884, it was noted that “Dr. Osler being 
 present he was invited to take part in the discussions.” He was 
 elected a member of the Society on March 12, 1885, and made 
 his first presentation April 9th. 
 
 At a meeting of the Society, November 10, 1885, he spoke 
 in favor of the exhibition of card specimens after the manner of 
 the London Pathological Society and moved that this matter 
 
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 936 ParHoLoGicaAL REcorDs OF BLOCKLEY HospiTaL—LAnpIs 
 
 be referred to the Business Committee. This apparently was 
 acted upon favorably as the showing of card specimens has con- 
 tinued to this day. 
 
 He was elected a member of the Committee on Morbid 
 Growths, September 9th, 1886, and remained such until he left 
 for Baltimore. 
 
 In the little more than four years that he was an active 
 member of the Society, he appeared before it no less than fifty- 
 two times. It was unusual if he did not have some interesting 
 specimen to show or some new method of clinical microscopy to 
 demonstrate. Nor was his interest limited to human pathology, 
 for on several occasions he showed specimens obtained from the 
 lower animals. While the majority of his presentations were 
 in the nature of showing morbid specimens usually accompanied 
 by a brief clinical history he, on a number of occasions, read more 
 or less formal papers. Among these may be mentioned that on 
 malaria, already referred to, ‘Notes on 100 autopsies of cases of 
 pneumonia,” ‘Aneurisms of the larger cerebral arteries; twelve 
 cases,” “Three Cases of Abscess of Liver,” and “Intraperitoneal 
 Sarcoma.” 
 
 The Cartwright Lectures delivered in 1886, “On Certain 
 Problems in the Physiology of the Blood Corpuscles’’ serve to 
 recall the fact that ko was one of the first in America to study 
 the blood plaques. In his first article on “The Third Corpuscle 
 of the Blood” published in 1883 (Medical News 12-29-1883), 
 he stated that there is evidence to show that the third corpuscle 
 plays an important réle in coagulation. In the Cartwright 
 Lectures, in referring to the various names suggested for this body 
 he says: “I did think of suggesting the word disklet as very suitable 
 for these little disks, but I had not the courage to add another to. 
 the already long list; moreover, as my own name has been used 
 in connection with these bodies, I felt absolved from further 
 sponsorial duties on their behalf.” 
 
 The Gulstonian Lectures on Endocarditis were given during 
 his stay in Philadelphia, but had no connection with his work 
 there. He had been selected as the lecturer for 1885 prior to his 
 election to the Chair of Clinical Medicine in the University of 
 Pennsylvania, and the material on which he based his lectures 
 was from the Montreal General Hospital. 
 
 During his stay in Philadelphia he published 39 papers 
 
 
 

 
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 Fic. V.—Putmonic VALVE WITH Four LEAFLETS. 
 Male, aged 73. Cause of death: General Tuberculosis. Autopsy by William Osler. 
 
 Book IV A, p. 383, Nov. 4, 1886. 
 From a specimen in the Pathological Museum of the Philadelphia General (Blockley) | 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 
 
PaTHoLoGicaAL RrecorpDs oF BLockLEY Hospirat—Lanpis 237 
 
 covering nearly every phase of clinical medicine and including, 
 mirabile dictu, three papers on drugs! 
 
 The fact that he was selected as the successor of William 
 Pepper as Professor of Clinical Medicine at the University is 
 sufficient evidence of the reputation he had gained as a clinician. 
 There can be no doubt, however, that the extraordinary oppor- 
 tunities which Philadelphia offered him for the study of morbid 
 anatomy in its relation to clinical medicine enormously increased 
 his knowledge and thoroughly solidified the foundation of his 
 reputation. 
 
 Granting that times have changed and clinical medicine has 
 broadened, one cannot escape the feeling that to-day we are paying 
 too little attention to morbid anatomy in its relation to clinical 
 medicine. Certain it is the assiduous study of morbid changes 
 in relation to the phenomena they produced in life was the out- 
 standing feature in the development of three of our greatest 
 clinicians—Austin Flint, Edward G. Janeway and William Osler. 
 
 OSLER’S CONNECTION WITH THE LIBRARY OF THE 
 COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 EK. B. Krumpyaar, M.D., Ph.D. 
 (From the Laboratories of the Philadelphia General Hospital) 
 “To add a library to a house is to give that house a soul.’’ (Cicero). 
 
 IR WILLIAM OSLER’S fondness for letters was more than 
 the mere pleasant avocation of a busy teacher; throughout 
 his professional career it was an abiding interest tht towards the 
 - end bid fair even to eclipse medicine, as his major pursuit in life. 
 Like Cicero he believed that Haec studia adolescentiam agunt, 
 senectutem oblectant, secundas res ornant, adversis perfugium ac 
 solatuum praebent, delectant domi, non impediunt foris, pernoctant 
 nobiscum, peregrinantur, rusticantur.* 
 Twenty-two years ago he said in his address at the Boston 
 Medical Library, ‘‘Books have been my delight these thirty years 
 *These studies (literary pursuits) employ youth, give pleasure to old 
 age, make prosperity more prosperous; are a refuge and a solace in sorrow, 
 amuse us when at home, do not hinder us in our duties abroad, make our 
 
 nights less lonely and in our travels and sojournings are our constant com- 
 panions.’’—(Cicero.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 9383 OsLER WITH COLLEGE OF PuysICIANS—KRUMBHAAR 
 
 and from them I have received incalculable benefits.”’ How 
 natural then with his constructive ability for making things hap- 
 pen, that in each of the four cities with which he was identified, 
 medical libraries should take on greater activity and profit by his 
 beneficent interest. The McGill library not only was stirred into 
 new life by his presence in Montreal, but now houses his magnifi- 
 cent private collection of medical books, and at his own request 
 his ashes lie deposited in their midst. When he went to Balti- 
 more the Library of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty became 
 one of the chief objects of his affection, and owed so many of its 
 greatest treasures to his interest that the new hall was named in 
 his honour, Osler Hall. Shortly after the birth of his son he writes 
 Mr. Fisher: ‘We are starting a (journal) Club to furnish extra 
 journals and new books to the old Medico-Chirurgical Library. ... 
 The young Doctor thrives.” Even in Oxford the leaven of his 
 presence was soon manifest: ex officio, one of the eight Curators 
 of the Bodleian Library, he soon came to know its treasures and 
 was instrumental among other things in starting the Bodleian 
 Quarterly Record and acquiring again their first folio Shakespeare. 
 
 In Philadelphia his association with the Library of the College 
 of Physicians proved no exception to the rule. Elected a Fellow of 
 the College within a few months of his arrival from Montreal, 
 within a year (January 6, 1886) he was elected a member of the 
 Library Committee, during the chairmanship of Dr. I. Minis Hays. 
 He not only served ably on this Committee during the rest of 
 his stay in Philadelphia, but habitually prowled about among its 
 treasures, so I am told, instead of keeping office hours or seeing 
 private patients. An ‘important engagement”? often was kept 
 with old favorites on the library shelves. So well did he get to 
 know the library’s contents, that he was able to write from Balti- 
 more several years later as to just where to find some duplicate odd 
 volumes of the Transactions of the Philadelphia Pathological 
 Society that he wanted for the Library of the Medical and Chir- 
 urgical Faculty. 
 
 The interest thus begun in our Library continued throughout 
 his life. In February, 1891, shortly after going to Baltimore, he 
 wrote, “I miss the Library very much. For it alone it would be 
 worth returning to Philadelphia.”’ Several times a year some 
 short (but rarely hurried!) note would come to Mr. Fisher, W. W. 
 Keen, Weir Mitchell, the Honourary Librarian or the Library 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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OsLER WITH COLLEGE OF PHYsICIANS—KRUMBHAAR 239 
 
 Committee, congratulating them on some worthy acquisition or 
 achievement or suggesting the gift of some rarity that he had 
 lately seen or picked up. Somewhat overshadowed by the greater 
 need of the Baltimore Library, this interest became more mani- 
 fest after Sir William’s move to Oxford. Among the eighty-four 
 notes from his pen in the College Archives, by far the commonest 
 are such as the following: ‘“‘Dear Fisher—Has the Library 
 Lélut ‘ L’ Amulette de Pascal’, 1840. I have a duplicate copy. It 
 is an interesting history of an hallucination’. “Have you Medicina 
 diastolica. Paracelsus. Translated by Parkhurst 12 mo., 1653. 
 I have spare copy.” Or again: ‘Have you the 1485 ‘Opus 
 repertorii prognosticon’ with the Hippocratis Libellus de Medico- 
 rum astrologia—the beautiful type and initial letter etc. of 
 Ratdolt No. 56 of Redgreaves list? If not I can send a copy as 
 another one came bound with a recent acquisition. ..... Tell Dr. 
 Henry to please send me that paper of his on the bookworm. I 
 have a drawing of a bookworm at work that will make the Library 
 Committee sit up. Hope you will have it as a Xmas present. 
 You will have before long a typed copy of my list of Medical 
 Ineunabula to 1480...... It has been a deuce of a job, but I 
 hope it is fairly complete. My love to the President and to the 
 members of the Library Committee.” On April 15, 1917: 
 “Thanks for that nice report. What a number of ‘good items’ 
 on your list of additions. I should like to give the 200th zncuna- 
 ble. Iwill try to arrange it—if the cobwebs are not too (sic) 
 thick in my pocket! I am creeping up—111, more than double the 
 number in any medical library in Great Britain...... Have 
 you a good collection of the novels in which doctors (or the profes- 
 sion) are well portrayed? And the poetical works of doctors? 
 They form interesting sections of a library. I did give you 
 Geo. B. Wood’s First and Last? S. W. M. (Weir Mitchell) 
 made me hand it over to him. There are only a few copies extant. 
 Greetings to the Library Committee.” All these were written 
 during his strenuous existence of the Great War. Other examples 
 quoted by Dr. Packard in his address at the Osler Memorial 
 evening of the College of Physicians confirm Osler’s vivid interest 
 in the place, but make one wonder how he found the time, even in 
 his orderly existence, not only to acquire the great range of in- 
 
 
 
 "Trans. of the Coll. of Phys., 1920, 35, XLII, 147. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 940 OsLER WITH COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS—KRUMBHAAR 
 
 
 
 
 formation that they betray, but also to put it so frequently at the — 
 service of his former associates. rs 
 
 The Accession Book of the Library reveals fifty-four titles of 5 
 books presented by Sir William, the great majority of them after | 
 he had left Philadelphia. The subjects cover a wide range 
 through incunabula and editiones principes, five items by his be- 
 loved Sir Thomas Browne, down to modern works, including 
 several of his own and a full set of his reprints; and, as Dr, Packard 
 has mentioned, in nearly every case accompanied by an explana- 
 tory note as to why the book in question is a desirable addition. 
 How many more he was instrumental in having bought will 
 never be known; but the method of acquisition of the magnificent 
 first edition of Celsus is by no means unique. . Finding that 
 Quaritch held it for sale at £80, he wrote Weir Mitchell from 
 Oxford suggesting its purchase: “T’ll give $25.00. Can’t you 
 bleed the other Fellows for the rest?””—an operation that was soon 
 successfully performed. 
 
 The scrapbook about the Siamese twins, which he presented 
 in 1916, is an evidence of his persistent desire to have the College 
 form a complete collection on this topic, and characteristic of his 
 methods. The fact that the autopsy on the twins had been per- 
 formed by a Fellow of the College and described in its Transac- 
 tions doubtless suggested the fitness of such a collection, and 
 several of his letters on this subject are still preserved. After the 
 presentation of the scrapbook, suggestions for enlarging the collec- 
 tion continued to arrive. As late as December, 1918, he wrote 
 about an item that had just come in, with the admonition, “Try 
 to make your Siamese twin collection as complete as possible.” 
 The opportunity for carrying out this idea still awaits an en-. 
 thusiastic follower. 
 
 In 1908, Osler helped Dr. Keen effect an important exchange 
 for our Library with the Paris Faculty of Medicine, whereby 
 forty or fifty theses were presented annually in return for out 
 Transactions. This was continued until the prohibitive cost f a 
 printing of the past few years terminated the arrangement. q 
 
 His ruling passion continued strong until the end.” Lady Osler 
 has written that Sir William left a memorandum during his last 
 illness that certain books be left to certain libraries, and that t ie i 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 SNVIOISAHd AO GUDUTIOO GHA AO AUVUEIT— I] ens 
 
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 OsLER WITH COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS—KRUMBHAAR 241 
 
 list of these be included in the catalogue of his McGill Library. 
 Thus we hope to cherish as his last gift, a valuable Montpellier 
 manuscript, written in 1373. 
 
 Truly did he belong to the “third Class of men in the profes- 
 sion to whom books are dearer than to teachers or practitioners— 
 a small, a silent band, but in reality the leaven of the whole lump. 
 The profane call them bibliomaniacs, and in truth they are at 
 times irresponsible and do not always know the difference be- 
 
 tween meum and tuum...... We need more men of their class, 
 particularly in this country, where everyone carries in his pocket 
 the tape-measure of utility...... Along two lines their work is 
 
 valuable. By the historical method alone can many problems 
 in medicine be approached profitably. For example, the student 
 who dates his knowledge of tuberculosis from Koch may have a 
 very correct, but he has a very incomplete appreciation of the 
 subject...... But in a more excellent way these laudatores 
 temporis acti render a royal service...... The men I speak of 
 keep alive in us an interest in the great men of the past and not 
 alone in their works, which they cherish, but in their lives, which 
 they emulate”’.’ 
 
 May more of us aspire to join this noble gathering, though 
 it will necessarily be long before another can attain the exalted 
 position of this master. 
 
 WORKS PRESENTED TO THE LIBRARY OF THE COLLEGE 
 OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 By 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 ‘; Aldrovandus, is) ORES a nase a Saw an CON ae EN 1640 
 2. De reliquis animalibus..................--- 1606 
 3. : De quadrupedibus, 3 v. .... 1639-1642 
 4. Allut, P. Etude biographique sur Symphorium Champier. Lyon, 
 
 Scheuring OF Se eR eek Da ee REESE eo - 1859 
 5. Annual Calendar of McGill College. ................0000 002s 1896 
 6. Scriptores Astronomici veteres, Venetiis, Aldus, 1499 (very valu- 
 
 Ne edible ah cat Aca Sw EN oe Sp ee ee eae 1499 
 i eee Guarterty focord «4: ....4.c-< oo oso otic euie.ck ed Soe eae 1917 
 8. Bourne, H. R. Fox. Life of John Locke, 2 v. London, King... 1876 
 9. Browne, Sir T. Works. Edited by Charles Sayle............. 1904 
 
 
 
 *Books and men. A‘ quanimitas and other Addresses, p. 222. 
 
 
 
 = 
 
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 942 OSLER WITH COLLEGE OF PHyYSsICIANS—KRUMBHAAR 
 
 10. 
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 36. 
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 38. 
 
 39. 
 
 40. 
 41. 
 
 42. 
 
 6“ “ «& Pgeydodoxia epidemica.*** London, Dod iii. 1646 
 «  « & Religio medici. Argentorati, Spoor........... 1665 
 oe oR attic 10 ed., London, Curll........ 1736 
 “ec Tani: The Works.*** London, Bafiet..¢. xs<snaee 1686 
 
 Celsus, Aurelius Cornelius. (De medicina libri octo). First edi- 
 
 tion, (one of several subscribers), very rare. Florentie, Nico- 
 
 jaw (di Loreng0) soos is Jo i se ee a 1478 
 Charcot, (et al.). Traité de médecine, 6 v. Paris, Masson 1891-1894 
 
 Fothergill, A. Copy of (his) Will, Manuscript. ..........+---. 
 
 Fox, G. H., (e al.). Illustrated Med. and Surg., New York.... 1884 
 Galen, C. Librorum (Opera omnia), 5 Vv. Venetiis, Aldus 
 (Grook 'Toxt):... 0-5. cc 502+ sas + comge daa ee 1525 
 
 Goodall, C. Royal College of Physicians of London. Kettilby. 1684 
 Green, T. H. Introduction to pathology and morbid anatomy, 3 
 
 Amer. ed. From 4th English. Philadelphia, Lea......... 1884 
 Harvey, A. On the Foetus in Utero. London, Lewis........- 1886 
 Jenner, E. Further observations on the variolae vaccine. Lon- 
 
 don, LOW. ac. ieee b can ens es nee aie eae 1799 
 Jung, Ambrosius, (Tractatus perutilis de pestilentia....) Augs- 
 
 burg, Schonsperger, (with 9 others) .:.2.Tus.s545 > goeees 1494 
 Te bulletin médicale. 05.5.5... .0. 62+ 5. ce Ease ee Saree sna 1887 
 London’s dreadful visitation. London, Cotes.......--+++++++: 1665 
 Martin, H. N. Physiological papers......-----+++++--s+0 ... 1895 
 Osler, Sir W. Cancer of the stomach . . 2.2505 ees 8.2 ee 1900 
 
 ee Cerebral palsies of children. ........-+++++++++> 1889 
 oi Aeatis Collected reprints........----+eeeseerere 1872-1907 
 
 PEN tae Growth of truth as illustrated in the discovery of 
 the circulation of the blood. London, Frowde 1908 
 cet pae La pratique de la médecine, 6 GAs nek ies Sa 1908 
 Daten Principles and practice of medicine, 4 od 5 Hage 1901 
 Phonographie records of clinical teaching. ....-.-+-+++++++++* 1904 
 Pires de Lima, J. A. A medicina em Portugal)... 6.20. 6ss55s 1906 
 
 Priestley, J. Directions for impregnating water with fixed air. 
 Tandon, SOWNSON. cc ce es eat 9 od hee ee 
 
 Proceedings of Amer. Assoc. for Advancement of Science.....:- 1880 
 . and Transactions of Royal Soc. of Canada. Mont- 
 pee), DWC, ccc cnn s ances so sri eed marae 1882-1883 
 Redi, F. Osservazioni interno agli animali viventi. Firenze, 
 WER Lf 2 o's eww ain ai nw TED Oaks eg ne 1684 
 Report of British Assoc. for Advancement of Science. London, 
 Miarray nos oc ei Sa iy sae eee ee 1884 
 Rogers, E. Modern Sphinx. A novel—London....---.--++:: 1895 
 Roslin, Eucharius. Der Swangern Frau und Hebammen Rosen- 
 garten (rare). Argentor., Flach, (with 9 others).....----+- 1513 
 Sartorini, R. Macti Lister triumphator. Leipzig, Herbert....- 1887 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Fia. I1I.—Pomander Cane presented to the College of 
 Physicians of Philadelphia by Sir William Osler. The canes 
 were customarily carried by English physicians of the 18th 
 century, and frequently snuffed as a protection against 
 pestilence. As the name indicates, the head of the cane 
 was “an apple of amber’, the perforated ivory head un- 
 screwing to admit a bit of amber. They are now quite rare. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 Dr. OsLER IN PHILADELPHIA— WILSON 243 
 43 Second ed. Official register of physicians and surgeons. ***State 
 of California, San Francisco Board of Examiners.......... 1885 
 Se te) BABY OF DIDDUNCTIA... 2... 66a eave piece ve. 1885 
 45. Siamese Twins Scrapbook (from the library of the late George 
 Ce Lg ain a G5 w Ay e.g: b Leov es Fea ee ee 
 43. Smith, Sir J. E. Selection of the correspondence of Linnaeus, 
 Ee AE CSTE DUES oe Sea Dn nr oa eg 1821 
 47. Thayer, W. S. Lectures on the malarial fevers. New York, 
 NE i ee ah ole 6s ay bide we 9 84 hee MS 1897 
 ENEMA PUMIMORBNIEININ c.g cocie sok oe oe ocd ts cd veces sewcdeces 1665 
 49. Tuke, S. Description of “The Retreat,’ York, for insane per- 
 sons of the Society of Friends. York, Alexander.......... 1813 
 50. Twentieth Century Practice, 19 v. New York, Wood..... 1895-1900 
 51. University College Hospital. Report of Surgical Registrar..... 1883 
 52. ve physiological laboratory............... 1874-1875 
 
 53. (Wood, G.B.). First and Last. A poem. London, Longman. 1860 
 54. Wotten, E. De differentiis animalium libri.*** Parisiorum, 
 SUMIMIINRDN NS rede. g's usc wehogrerg ase nie ees NN KS Nek % asia scde 1552 
 
 “DR. OSLER IN PHILADELPHIA, 
 TEACHER AND CLINICIAN” * 
 
 J. C. Witson, M.D. 
 Philadelphia 
 
 E cannot think of Dr. Osler in Philadelphia without think- 
 
 ing of him before he came to us and since he left us. 
 
 His whole previous career was a preparation for his work here; 
 his half decade of work here was, it now seems, a necessary 
 period of training for the great decade and a half at Johns Hop- 
 kins, and the rounded half century since he left off knickerbockers 
 a complete and progressive course of development and prepara- 
 tion on this side of the Atlantic for the crowning period of an 
 illustrious life upon the other. No part could have been left out. 
 Shakespeare’s ‘‘Home keeping youth are ever dull of wit” 
 has the fault of most sweeping generalizations. It is true, they 
 mostly are. But not always. It depends upon the home. 
 Populations have left New England, but who ever heard of any- 
 one leaving Boston? Yet the Boston wit retains the old flavour. 
 From most other places the bright spirits migrate. It is said 
 that the test of the true American is the impulse to move on. 
 If this be true, Dr. Osler is the very type of an American. Yet 
 
 * From an Address at the Farewell Dinner in New York, May 2nd, 1905 
 
 
 
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 244 Dr. OsLER IN PHILADELPHIA— WILSON 
 
 he was the embodiment of that imperturbability which he has 
 so charmingly described as a medical accomplishment, but which 
 we know to be essential to the mental make-up of a peripatetic 
 philosopher. 
 
 I may be permitted to speak of Dr. Osler in Philadelphia 
 
 from two points of view. First, the influence of our quiet Quaker 
 
 life upon him, and second, his influence upon us. 
 
 First then, we at once sought to make a practitioner of him. 
 But of that he would have none. Teacher, clinician, consultant, 
 yes, gladly; but practitioner—no! and that with emphasis. This 
 was partly due to his knowledge of affairs, partly to his tempera- 
 ment. One star differeth from another star in glory. His light 
 was to be bright and guiding and seen of all men. Not for him 
 the dim and shaded light of the sick room, the patient daily service 
 to the weary sufferer, the tiresome round of daily calls, the vexa- 
 tious failure of the approved method to accomplish the desired 
 result. He recognized his metier and carried out his plan. And 
 this gave him time and opportunity and of both he made supreme 
 use. 
 
 To an institution traditions are what character is to a man. 
 The traditions of the University of Pennsylvania deeply impressed 
 him. Morgan, Shippen, Kuhn, Rush, Caspar Wistar were to 
 him living personalities. His actual associates were such men as 
 Agnew, Stillé, Leidy, Pepper and others whom we all know. The 
 lives and characters of these men were not without influence 
 upon the young Canadian, trained in the best way by association 
 with men like Bovell, Howard and Ross, and familiar with the 
 best methods and results of British and Continental Medicine. 
 
 Not less important was his connection with the College of 
 Physicians, with its cherished traditions and magnificent library. 
 Nor is the part played by the Pathological Society to be over- 
 looked. Here he brought his best work, the result of long and 
 keen study, illustrated by the findings in the post mortem room 
 at Blockley, and always met in large measure the sympathy and 
 admiration of the younger men. 
 
 So from point to point during the five years he was with us, 
 at the best period of his life, he found the stimulus of tradition, 
 of opportunity and appreciation. 
 
 What did he do for us? He made himself agreeable to the 
 older men and demonstrated to the younger men how medicine 
 
 
 
Dr. OsLER IN PHILADELPHIA— WILSON 245 
 
 should be learned and taught. He broadened our conceptions in 
 regard to the inductive method in medicine. Facts, facts, always 
 the facts. The facts of the ward, of the microscope, of the 
 laboratory, of the postmortem room. He made it clear to some 
 of the younger men who are now reaping the reward of their work 
 that it is not necessary for every man to be a practitioner in the 
 ordinary sense but that long years of hospital and laboratory 
 work constitute a better equipment for the teacher and consul- 
 tant. He inspired his students with enthusiasm for letters and 
 taught them the rare rewards that come of searching the medical 
 scriptures. He showed that in the democracy of our profession 
 any man is free, by a principle of self-selection, to attain the 
 most coveted post of distinction and honour. He pointed out 
 not only to us but to all men how fine and noble the profession 
 of medicine is for those in it who are fine and noble. 
 
 He ornamented his discourse with quaint allusions to ‘Holy 
 Writ and The Pilgrim’s Progress, but did not in those days say 
 much about Montaigne and the Religio Medici and rarely al- 
 luded to Plato or Marcus Aurelius. Nevertheless he helped some 
 of us to do a little thinking. 
 
 At length after the fashion of the nautilus he builded a more 
 stately mansion and left us. We would have fain kept him. 
 But that could not be. Without him the Department of Clinical 
 Medicine at Johns Hopkins, mother of many teachers, might 
 have been childless. 
 
 The Old World has given to the New many and great physi- 
 cians. But these gifts have been returned not so much in number 
 as in kind. The father of Brown-Séquard was a Philadelphian. 
 Marion Sims passed many years and did much of his best work 
 in London and Paris, and now to the list is added another im- 
 perishable name. 
 
 I asked a bit ago who ever heard of anyone leaving Boston. 
 There is one famous case—a Boston boy who became the greatest 
 American. There are points of rcsemblance between th t great 
 philosopher and this great physician. In both are manifest 
 vigour of body and intellect, untiring energy, unflagging interest 
 in things and men, manysided knowledge with the wisd 
 use it, that quality known as personal magnetism and the gift 
 of leadership. Philadelphia is fortunate to have been the home 
 of Franklin and the abiding place of Osler. 
 
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 246 A TRIBUTE TO OSLER—KEEN 
 
 There are many other things that I could say of Dr. Osler. 
 When we are deeply moved we do not say the things that are 
 next our hearts. We take refuge in commonplaces, in persi- 
 flage. It is an Anglo-Saxon, an American trait. I speak not as 
 a Philadelphian but as an American when I say that it is a good 
 thing for us that he came among us. Not only by precept but 
 also by example has he been an uplifting influence in our pro- 
 fessional life. The source of that influence is to be sought not 
 merely in his accomplishments as a physician, not in his learning, 
 not in his wisdom, not even in his well-balanced and buoyant 
 temperament, but in that basic principle which all recognize 
 but none can define, which for want of a descriptive name we 
 call character. It is character that tells and to character all 
 things are added. 
 
 He had a trait that so many of us lack—greatness in little 
 
 things—method, system, punctuality, order, the economical use _ 
 
 of time. These have been the handmaids to his greater gifts. 
 These have enabled him to widen his usefulness to lands beyond 
 the seas. 
 
 Seest thou a man diligent in his business? He shall stand 
 before kings. 
 
 A TRIBUTE TO SIR WILLIAM OSLER* 
 W. W. KEEN 
 Philadelphia 
 
 HAD the honour and the satisfaction of knowing Sir William 
 
 Osler for just half his life. I first met him at a dinner given 
 
 to him by the late Dr. William Pepper to introduce him to some 
 
 of the profession when he came to Philadelphia. Even then at 
 thirty-five his later characteristics were markedly developed. 
 
 He radiated cheerfulness always and wherever he went. I 
 never met him (to use a disagreeable word), when he was 
 “srumpy”. Always bright, active, alert, cheerful, he walked 
 about in an atmosphere of warmth and affection. 
 
 *Reprinted by permission from the Sir William Osler Memorial Number of 
 the Canadian Medical Association Journal, July, 1920, pp. 30-41. 
 
 - ce ts se be 
 
 
 
A TRIBUTE TO OSLER—KEEN 247 
 
 After he went to Oxford I saw him rather infrequently, but 
 many letters and little notes, mostly handwritten, reached me, 
 and always about some useful scientific or literary matter, some- 
 times asking, more often giving or offering help. 
 
 His published contributions to medicine were marvellously 
 many, but all were fresh in thought and style and influenced the 
 profession almost more than his classical “Principles and Practice 
 of Medicine.”” This work supplanted, because it excelled, even 
 “Watson’s Practice’’ which so long had held the stage. 
 
 But quite equal if not more influential—to use Sir Clifford 
 Albutt’s happy words—he had that wonderful power only pos- 
 sessed by a few great teachers of “inseminating other minds”’. 
 Wherever he went the wheels began to go ’round, things began to 
 be done, and all for the good of the profession and of the com- 
 munity. The dry bones asin Ezekiel’s Vision gathered themselves 
 together and became inbued with active life. The diligent were 
 encouraged to become more diligent, the slothful were shamed 
 into activity. He was a fount of inspiration. His personal in- 
 fluence extended more widely and to better purpose than that of 
 almost any one I have ever known. Weir Mitchell and William 
 Pepper were of the same type and when this powerful triumvirate 
 were gathered in Philadelphia they had no rival the country or 
 possibly the world over. 
 
 No institution in Philadelphia was more cherished by him 
 than the College of Physicians and its splendid library. He was 
 always giving notable books to it. Even after he went to Oxford 
 his benefactions did not cease. Once he wrote to Mitchell that 
 Quaritch had a splendid copy of the first printed edition of Celsus 
 (1478), beautifully bound, as became its author, which could be 
 had for £80. He wanted the College to have it and wrote,“Tll 
 give $25. Can’t you bleed the other Fellows for the rest?” Mit- 
 chell promptly phlebotomized the other Fellows and the book now 
 ornaments our shelves. 
 
 When I spent some months in Italy in 1907-1908 I begged 
 and otherwise gathered considerably over $1,000, with which I 
 bought for the College library twenty-five incunabula and other 
 rare books. He visited Italy soon afterward and wrote me on a 
 postal card a note beginning in large and very legible letters, 
 “You Pig,” and proceeded to chide me with buying a number of 
 works he wanted, but added that in spite of my raid he had man- 
 
 
 
 
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 248 A TrriIsuTE TO OSLEK—KEEN 
 
 aged to find a few rariora. He then added characteristically, ‘Tf 
 you come across Servetus’ “De Christianismi’ don’t buy it. It’s 
 not for the likes of you to read!’’ Inasmuch as only two copies 
 have survived the wrath and the torch of John Calvin the caution 
 was an instance of his inextinguishable humor. 
 
 His disciples were more numerous than his pupils. Wherever 
 the English tongue was read his great ‘Principles and Practice 
 of Medicine” was to be found. His exposition of the present 
 was rooted in his knowledge of the past. ‘‘It may be doubted,” 
 wrote Chaplin, the Harveian Librarian of the Royal College of 
 Physicians, London: “It may be doubted if the annals of medical 
 history contain another example of a physician uniting so com- 
 pletely in his intellect a whole hearted veneration for the past in 
 medicine and the keenest enthusiasm for modern medical 
 methods and knowledge.”’ 
 
 His mind was permeated with the great Grecians and great 
 Romans and he constantly borrowed shafts from their quivers. 
 So intimate and conspicuous was this fundamental knowledge 
 that he—a scientific specialist—received the extraordinary 
 honour of election to the Presidency of the Association of Classical 
 Teachers of Great Britain in 1919. His “The Old Humanities 
 and the New Science”* is one of the most remarkable of his 
 addresses. He accused the Humanists of lamentable ignorance 
 of the modern progress of science and equally attacked his fellow 
 scientists for so utterly neglecting the Humanities—yet made and 
 kept friends on both sides. 
 
 In a long life I have never seen so many and such whole 
 hearted tributes to any other scientist. All classes of men and 
 all countries have united to do him honor. Those who knew 
 him best feel the loss most deeply. 
 
 *Brit. Med. Jl., July 5th, 1919. 
 
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 BOOKS AND THE MAN* 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 Poem by the late Professor S. Weir Mitchell, of Philadelphia, 
 
 before the Charaka Club, New York, March 4th, 1905. 
 
 HEN the years gather round us like stern foes, 
 That give no quarter, and the ranks of love 
 Break here and there; untouched there still abide 
 Friends whom no adverse fate can wound or move: 
 
 A deathless heritage, for these are they 
 Who neither fail nor falter; we, alas! 
 
 Can hope no more of friendship than to fill 
 The mortal hour of earth and mortal pass. 
 
 Steadfast and generous they greet us still 
 
 Through every fortune with unchanging looks, 
 Unasked no counsel give, are silent folk, 
 
 The careless-minded lightly call them books. 
 
 Of the proud peerage of the mind are they, 
 Fair, courteous gentlemen who wait our will, 
 When come the lonely hours the scholar loves, 
 And glows the heart and all the house is still. 
 
 Wilt choose for guest the good old doctor knight 
 Quaint, learned, and odd, or very wisely shrewd, 
 Or with Dan Chaucer win a quiet hour 
 Far from our noisy country’s alien mood? 
 
 How happy he who native to their tongue 
 
 A mystic language reads between the lines: 
 Gay, gallant fancies, songs unheard before, 
 
 Ripe with the wordless wisdom love divines. 
 
 00s ee by permission, from the Proceedings of the Charaka Club of New York, 
 
 249 
 
 
 
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 250 
 
 
 
 
 
 Books AND THE Man—OSLER 
 
 Rich with dumb records of long centuries past, 
 The viewless dreams of poet, scholar, sage; 
 What marginalia of unwritten thought 
 With glowing rubrics deck the splendid page. 
 
 Show me his friends and I the man shall know; 
 This wiser turn a larger wisdom lends: 
 Show me the books he loves and I shall know 
 
 The man far better than through mortal friends. 
 
 Do you perchance recall when first we met— 
 
 And gaily winged with thought the flying night 
 And won with ease the friendship of the mind— 
 
 I like to call it friendship at first sight. 
 
 And then you found with us a second home 
 And, in the practice of life’s happiest art 
 You little guessed how readily you won 
 The added friendship of the open heart. 
 
 And now a score of years has fled away 
 In noble service of life’s highest ends, 
 And my glad capture of a London night 
 Disputes with me a continent of friends. 
 
 But you and I may claim an older date 
 The fruitful amity of forty years— 
 
 A score for me, a score for you, and so 
 How simple that arithmetic appears. 
 
 But if the oldest friends are best indeed 
 I’d have the proverb otherwise expressed 
 Friends are not best because they’re merely old 
 But only old because they proved the best. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dr. OSLER DURING HIS BALTIMORE PERIOD. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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BALTIMORE PERIOD 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 
 
 FOREWORD 
 
 DR. OSLER AS THE YOUNG PHYSICIAN’S 
 FRIEND AND EXEMPLAR 
 
 LEWELLYsS F. Barker, M.D. 
 Balivmore, Md. 
 
 We one’s debt to any person is as great asis my own 
 to Dr. Osler, any form of acknowledgement of it must 
 seem to the debtor wholly inadequate. Moreover, it is of 
 certain portions only of one’s debt to a beloved person 
 of which he dare speak; there are other portions that belong 
 to those more intimate things of life of which one would 
 fain be reticent. Though much has been and is being re- 
 vealed of the character and personality of Sir William Osler, 
 those who knew and loved him best feel sure that there 
 is a half that will never be told. 
 
 I remember very well my first contact with him. It 
 was in 1891, toward the end of my year’s interneship in 
 the Toronto General Hospital. A stray copy of the first 
 number of the Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital had 
 found its way to the residents’ lounge and I was so impressed 
 with the possible opportunities of work at the new hospital 
 that I turned to a fellow-interne (Dr. Thomas Cullen) and 
 said to him, “I wish I could go to Johns Hopkins.” All 
 young Canadians in medicine had heard with pride of Dr. 
 Osler’s successful career and of his appointment in Baltimore, 
 and, in a moment of courage that now looked back upon 
 
 seems to have been close to audacity, I sat down and wrote 
 251 
 
 
 
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 252  OsLER AS THE YOUNG PHYSICIAN’S /'RIEND—BARKER 
 
 directly to Dr. Osler, asking him whether there was any 
 way in which a young graduate who had no money could 
 find opportunity to work at the J ohns Hopkins Hospital. 
 In a few days came a reply, stating that he would be in 
 Toronto soon and would see me. I shall never forget the 
 trepidation with which a week or two later, at his summons, 
 I called upon him at the house of a relative, nor the great 
 relief I felt on meeting him, for he quickly discerned my 
 anxiety and timidity, and by that magic that many have 
 known and marvelled at, put me at ease and led me to talk 
 in a way that surprised me, of what I should like to do. 
 He then told me that it was his desire that at the Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital there should be opportunities provided 
 for young men who, like myself, desired to continue their 
 studies after graduation and before entrance upon practice. 
 Though he had no vacancy on his resident staff at the time, 
 he thought there might be one later. In the meantime, 
 he had been authorized by Dr. Walter B. Platt to select an 
 interne for a three months’ service (living and $30.00 per 
 month) at the Garrett Hospital for Sick Children at Mt. 
 Airy, Md. Would I care to take this position? If so, he 
 would recommend my appointment. I was delighted of 
 course, and accepted on the spot. Was not Mt. Airy 
 near Baltimore? And, possibly, at the end of the summer, 
 I could at least see Johns Hopkins Hospital and the men 
 at work there. 
 
 In the autumn, having saved $60.00 of the $90.00 
 honorarium, I found that I had ample funds to defray ex- 
 penses in Baltimore for a month and still pay my way back 
 to Canada. Dr. Osler invited me to go through the wards 
 with him, or with Lafleur, daily, and there I saw and heard 
 much of typhoid fever, malaria, and amoebic dysentery 
 that was novel to me. He also introduced me to Dr. 
 Welch, who assigned me a place in his laboratory and taught 
 me to grow and study several strains of streptococci In 
 which he was then interested. Dr. Councilman was dili- 
 gently working in the pathological laboratory ; Dr. Flexner, 
 
 
 
OsLER AS THE YOUNG PuysiIcIAN’s FRIEND—BARKER 253 
 
 who had just been appointed Fellow in Pathology, was 
 experimenting with diphtheria toxines, and Dr. Thayer, 
 back from Europe, showed us Ehrlich’s technique for stain- 
 ing blood-smears. That was a month of intense enjoy- 
 ment to me, saddened only by the fact that it was but 
 four weeks long. For there seemed to be no prospect of 
 any position on the interne staff of the hospital; all the 
 vacancies for the coming year had been filled. 
 
 The last day of September came and with it a recog- 
 nition that my purse contained but little more than the 
 price of a ticket to Toronto. But on that very day, Dr. 
 Osler summoned me again to say that one of his assistant 
 residents had been compelled to relinquish his post and that 
 I could have the place if I desired it. Though there was 
 no salary, it included board and lodging in the hospital, 
 and as he had need of “help” in the way of gathering 
 materials for the revision of an article on the anaemias, this 
 would enable me, if I desired to undertake the work, to 
 make a little money through the winter. I was thus sud- 
 denly and unexpectedly elevated to the seventh heaven of 
 delight—all through the thoughtfulness and kindness of 
 one upon whom I had not the slightest claim; and I entered 
 upon what turned out to be a period of nine years of resi- 
 dence in the Johns Hopkins Hospital. And in, the Hos- 
 pital I had, as did so many others, the great privilege of ob- 
 serving Dr. Osler at work, of enjoying personally his friend- 
 ship, and of striving to profit by his example. 
 
 I record this personal experience as a single instance, 
 but a typical one, of the kind of thing that many who en- 
 tered medicine during the past thirty or forty years would 
 gladly report, if called upon, of their early relationship 
 with that great friend of young men. Doctor Osler seemed 
 to regard it as a special privilege to make use of his high 
 position and of his wide influence to advance the interests 
 of eager and ambitious youth. His thought, his sympathy, 
 
 , his time, and very often, too, his money were freely given in 
 , helping young fellows get a start. 
 
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 254 OSLER AS THE YOUNG PHYSICIAN’S FRIEND—BARKER 
 
 Nor was it only at the start that he desired to be help- 
 ful. Ever after, throughout his whole life, he kept the men 
 in mind to whom in any way he could be of use. His 
 memory of persons and conditions must have been pro- 
 digious, but even the strength and breadth of his memory 
 were exceeded by the dimensions of his sympathy and good 
 will. His character and personality were, moreover, such 
 that,throughout the country, great numbers of medical men 
 whom he never actually knew were influenced by his “way 
 of life” to their enduring good. As I look back upon the 
 past thirty years, a galaxy of specimens of kind acts, of en- 
 couraging words, of friendly attitudes, of wise precepts, of 
 subtly intimated admonitions, and of stimulating enthu- 
 siasms crowd into recollection. Would that the young men 
 of every period in medicine could enjoy the comfort of such 
 a friend and could reap the inestimable advantages of such 
 an exemplar! 
 
 The precedents that he set will long serve as models 
 of practice, of teaching and of investigation for men who 
 choose internal medicine as a vocation. His placing the 
 welfare of the patient first, his accuracy of method and 
 thoroughness of examination, his meticulous records of 
 his observations, his insistence upon the correlation of 
 clinical facts with their anatomical substrata, his interest 
 in etiology and in a clear vision of the successive links in 
 the chain of pathogenesis, his vigorous and graphic me- 
 thods of presenting facts and principles to students, his 
 skill in inspiring his clinical clerks and his assistants with 
 enthusiasm for work, his interest in the history and bib- 
 liography of his subject, his intuitive grasp of solvable 
 clinical problems, and his untiring support of those capable 
 of advancing medicine by original research—all were pat- 
 terns of excellence, standards of clinical aim and perform- 
 ance that internists of our own and subsequent generations 
 will find it worth while zealously to imitate. 
 
 But fully as important as his exemplification of the 
 desirable in the special work of the internist was the signifi- 
 
 
 

 
 OsLER AS THE YOUNG PuHysIcIAN’s FRIEND—BARKER 255 
 
 cance of the manner of life of William Osler as a paradigm 
 for high and noble living; for in this he set an example not 
 only to the members of our profession but to all men. To 
 feel deeply and many-sidedly, to think actively, and to 
 strive strenuously is to live fully and wisely; and to few 
 men has it been given to live more fully or more wisely 
 through a life of seventy years than to him whose life we, 
 in this volume, commemorate. 
 
 In his early life, partly owing to a somewhat fragile 
 constitution, partly due to family and medical training, he 
 recognized the importance of the preservation of health for 
 happiness and for successful work. And by early man- 
 hood he had established habits that contribute to the 
 smooth-running and full-efficiency of the physical machine. 
 I remember, from the beginning of my acquaintance 
 with him, how impressed I was with his moderation in the 
 gratification of the physical appetites, and with the regu- 
 larity of his habits of work and of sleep, indeed, with the 
 general orderliness of his life. One never saw any over- 
 indulgence in food or drink; indeed, in these matters he 
 leaned toward asceticism. It was a rule with him to cut 
 out unsparingly any article of diet that had the “bad taste 
 to disagree” with him. He warned his patients against 
 “stoking the engines too much”’ and urged them to be sure 
 to keep clean of ‘‘ashes and clinkers.”” There was nothing 
 of the faddist or fanatic about him, however, in these mat- 
 ters of food and drink. He believed in the enjoyments that 
 leave no hurt, and even when himself abstemious put no 
 damper upon the joy of others. I recall how, once enter- 
 ing a room in which a group of men were indulging in a 
 “night cap,’’? he was invited to join them and did so with 
 gusto, insisting that he always took his whiskey ‘‘neat,”’ 
 and swallowed—a half a thimble-full! His jocular allu- 
 sions to “too much companionship with Lady Nicotine,” 
 and to “fooling with Bacchus, or worst of all, with the 
 younger Aphrodite,’ though they were not wholly deter- 
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 256 OsLER AS THE YOUNG PuyYSICIAN’S FRIEND—BARKER 
 
 young men of the hospital and medical school. He retired 
 early and rose at a regular hour. Bed at ten or soon after, 
 and breakfast before eight were rules that he followed when- 
 ever practicable, and the long summer vacations at Murray 
 Bay gave relaxation and refreshment so much needed after 
 an arduous academic year. 
 
 The material rewards of practice were never, with him, 
 a first consideration. ‘Though he knew the importance of 
 an income suited to his needs and of a competence for later 
 life, he always sought first the welfare of his patients and 
 of his pupils, believing that all necessary things “would be 
 added to him.’”’ The creative impulses distinctly over- 
 shadowed the possessive impulses in his make-up, and though 
 he would have been the last person to censure the financial 
 policy of a fellow-practitioner, he undoubtedly had a 
 laudable contempt for any unjust exploitation of man’s 
 necessities. 
 
 As a worker, Dr. Osler was a marvel to us all. I re- 
 member well the year in which he wrote his text-book; day 
 by day, steadily and untiringly, he put all available time 
 and energy into the production of that notable volume. In 
 professional work, no one could have been more solicitous 
 for the best use of the hours or of his forces that he was. 
 The advance of medicine and the welfare of the profession 
 seemed to be for him objects of ideal desire; on them he 
 expended his energies unstintingly; he was their votary. 
 But he worked one day at a time; “sufficient unto the day 
 was the goodness thereof’’; Goethe’s, ‘‘Do the thing just 
 ahead,” and Carlyle’s ‘Do what lies clearly at hand,” he 
 often told us, were maxims that merited observance. Not 
 that his labourious days, however, meant the scorning of 
 delights; for work was a kind of play to him and one would 
 think that he translated Horace’s carpe diem as the enjoy- 
 ment of the passing hour in professional activity. 
 
 He had a thirst for knowledge that was insatiable and 
 he enjoyed so much his excursions into the known and 
 into the borderland between the unknown and the known 
 
 
 

 
 OSLER AS THE YOUNG PHYSICIAN’S FRIEND—BARKER 257 
 
 that he easily led others to accompany him. He wanted 
 us to share the fun that so deliciously thrilled him. His 
 emotional vivacity, due to the Celtic strain in his heredity, 
 was pronounced; but, as in Faraday, it was combined with 
 a love of order, tenacity and a high degree of self-discipline. 
 
 His love for the records left by the ‘‘ giants in the earth”’ 
 who had preceded him was constantly in evidence. We 
 were ever being sent to the library to look up the exact 
 words of some master in medicine; no wonder that li- 
 brarians and medical historians adored him. 
 
 And in general literature he had a fine and discriminat- 
 ing taste. How many of us there are who owe to him our 
 introduction to one or another of the great authors of the 
 past—to Plato, to Plutarch, to Burton, to Sir Thomas 
 Browne, or to one or more of his favourite philosophers or 
 poets! And in our own little libraries, what books are more 
 cherished than those that came as gifts from him? I 
 prize my folio Shakespeare the more because of the way it 
 came to me. 
 
 Distinguished as he was in the art and science of med- 
 cine and in his love of the best in literature, he was no 
 less so in his knowledge and practice of the art of sociability. 
 Who could have been more hospitable? And whose hos- 
 pitality could have been more enjoyable? In Baltimore 
 his house was a Mecca, and, in Oxford, Norham Gardens 
 was the place that the medical American aspired to visit. 
 Through native capacity and wide professional and social 
 experience Dr. Osler had acquired an unusual knowledge 
 of human nature; his intuitions of the character and person- 
 ality of those with whom he came in contact were almost 
 uncanny. One was reminded of the fine saying of Leonardo 
 de Vinci: ‘True and great love springs out of great 
 knowledge, and where you know little you can love but 
 little or not at all.’”’ He won friendship and affection be- 
 cause he loved his fellow man and because of his recogni- 
 tion of the best qualities in, and of the good intentions of 
 the men and women about him. He never permitted him- 
 
 
 
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 258 OsLER AS THE YOUNG PuysIcIAN’s FRIEND—BARKER 
 
 Vain 
 Res 
 
 self to judge a human being adversely, and he had an ni 
 usual power of putting himself by imagination fully in nis 
 fellow’s place. Malicious gossip was anathema to lim. 
 As I write, I recall one of his whimsical paradoxes: “Neve a 
 believe anything derogatory to a fellow-practitioner, at 
 when you know it’s true.”’ It was this love for, and wis | 
 understanding of, people, that doubtless accom 
 much of his success in psychotherapy; for though he me 
 no pretence to special knowledge of psychoanalytic metho 
 or of psychiatry, there was, perhaps, no practitioner of 
 time who was more expert in giving serenity to the broke m | 
 spirit. He worked always, also, for the unity and concord 
 of the members of our profession, attending and contri 
 ing to the programmes of more medical meetings, Ib : 
 lieve, than any other man of his time. How many new 
 associations he was specifically instrumental in organiz ’ 
 we may learn from the perusal of Dr. Cushing’s Biography. 
 Dr. Osler’s life cannot fail to exert a powerful influence 
 for right living upon coming generations of young mec ics : 
 men as it did upon those who were privileged personaly 
 know him. For he was a friend of the young men of t 
 future as well as of those of his own time. His publist 
 addresses, together with the multiple testimonies tha 4 
 appearing from his contemporaries with regard to his con a | 
 duct and ideals, ensure the persistence of his influence. ie 
 is among the small vanguard of individuals who have nt 
 how to live a full and harmonious life and to impress owners 
 with their way of living. The true, the good, and beaut if : 
 in life can be achieved only through determined str 
 and persistent toil. But in the process of striving & 
 toiling what can be more inspiriting than to have before us 8 
 for joyous contemplation the beauty of the ideals and of 
 the achievements of a friend who was also a great exem ar ? 
 
 i 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 Dr. OSLER 
 
 Dr. HALSTED 
 
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Oster AS I Knew Him IN PHILADELPHIA—KELLY 259 
 
 OSLER AS I KNEW HIM IN PHILADELPHIA 
 AND IN THE HOPKINS 
 
 Howarp A. KELLY 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 WONDERED, when mementoes of Osler were flowing in for 
 the Hopkins Bulletin in 1919, whether I might not at least 
 claim the distinction of being the first of all his Baltimore friends 
 to know him well, as our friendship began in the eighties while 
 he was teaching in the University of Pennsylvania in Philadel- 
 phia, and while I was practising in Kensington, offering my services 
 as a sort of a medical generalissimo, referring in the latter term 
 not to any personal qualifications, but rather to the exceedingly 
 broad boundaries of my practice, including both medicine and 
 surgery, with Osler backing me in the former and D. Hayes. 
 Agnew in the latter. 
 
 I was living in Philadelphia in Kensington, the north-eastern 
 mill district, culling surgery out of a large practice, fostered by 
 my previous residence in the Episcopal Hospital there; at the 
 same time I was trying to keep in touch with the University 
 of Pennsylvania, my alma mater in Arts as well as Medicine, 
 when it became manifest that some fresh and stirring blood had 
 entered the college life. 
 
 The University, with so many eminent men camping on her 
 very doorstep in Philadelphia, and with that tendency to nepo- 
 tism, a form of paternal pride too often seen in our large institu- 
 tions, had, as we younger men thought, driven out John Guitéras 
 of brilliant promise, to protect William Pepper, and now, without 
 hesitation, we understood, she had actually broken the shackles 
 of tradition, and set William Osler from McGill in Montreal, in 
 & promising position. 
 
 Fresh invigorating currents of life and new activities in our 
 medical teachings were felt at once, and the outcome was that 
 every sturdy expectant youngster in short order lined himself up 
 
 | as a satellite to the new star. Osler breezes and currents swept 
 } everywhere through the conservative halls of the old medical 
 2 centre, and yet it was not altogether without difficulty that he 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 260 OsLeR AS I KNEw HIM IN PHILADELPHIA—KELLY 
 
 securely established himself. Weir Mitchell, with reason in his 
 later days to cultivate kindlier feelings towards the University 
 than in his young manhood, was, from the first, although much older, 
 Osler’s devoted and intimate friend, and one by one the university 
 faculty was won to appreciate him, perhaps including even Pepper 
 too, though Iam not so sure. My own life first touched Osler’s in 
 the above mentioned north-eastern mill district, a long way off. 
 Aside from anatomy and chemistry, I picked up my best medical 
 education while a resident in the Episcopal hospital and later in 
 the homes of the Kensington weavers. While a student on the 
 benches, Wood’s physiological therapeutics and Stillé’s didactic lec- 
 tures on medicine seemed deadly to me, and worst of all was Tyson’s 
 lifeless pathology, elucidatedby Formad’s quizzes. So it remained 
 to get the real education at the bedside, and there Osler constantly 
 and generously came to my aid, though I lived in ultima Thule, 
 for it was more than a Sabbath day’s journey in those days to 
 visit Kensington from down town and Walnut Street; it took an 
 hour in the street car, and was a long drive over the bad, unspeak- 
 ably bad, Philadelphia streets, but Osler came and Agnew came, 
 carrying their medical and surgical lamps to illuminate some of 
 the problems of the vast domain in which all medical graduates 
 are presumed, immediately after the reception of their degree, to 
 be experts. 
 
 The first patient Osler came to see had anorexia nervosa, 4 
 condition I had never even heard of. He stayed to dine at 
 Norris Square, and my then large and growing collection of medical 
 classics must somehow have impressed him. I rejoice now to re- 
 call that my editio princeps of Galen later passed into his hands, 
 together with Vesalius’ epzstola. 
 
 Though not summoned to see my bay horse, old Dick, he 
 noticed as we ambled over the cobblestones, that he groaned and 
 faltered as though in great pain, and at once diagnosed a verminous 
 aneurysm, the pathology of which he had worked out at McGill. 
 
 Then suddenly he disappeared into the limbo of the unknown 
 and was found in Baltimore! And there, after a year’s time, I fol- 
 lowed at his behest, to enter a more concentrated field of work, freed 
 from the necessity of raising funds to build a gynaecological hos- 
 pital on the university grounds. To the Baltimore record I 
 can add nothing, for it is known and read of all men; what a 
 blessing that noble quartet, he and Welch, and Halsted and 
 
 
 
el 
 
 Oster AS 1 KNew Hm IN PuHILADELPHIA—KELLY 261 
 
 Hurd, have proved to be in this community. I leave others to 
 appraise Osler’s skill as a medical man, and his love of classics. 
 I always think of him first of all as one who brought order out of 
 chaos in the medical profession of this city, a task effected by his 
 own kindly personality, his insight into human nature, and the 
 genuine affection he ever felt for all men who could in any way be 
 won over to lay aside bitterness and strife for the higher good of 
 suffering humanity. It was his settled policy never to speak ill 
 of anyone, but always to discover the good, and so he converted 
 the hostile camps into a kindly family of cooperating doctors. 
 To his credit be it said that several times in flagrant cases he broke 
 his rule and administered castigation. Once I recall when it ap- 
 peared in consultation that Dr. William Howard was plying 
 Rebecca, to whom he was engaged, with too much morphia, he 
 spoke out in no measured terms. 
 
 Medicine in Baltimore had a carnassial denture in the old 
 days, and Osler and Welch drew the offending weapons, and so 
 made possible all the recent medical progress. 
 
 I want to lay claim to a gift of prophetic insight (a réle I 
 doubt not in which many of my colleagues have anticipated me) ; 
 I had declared from the earliest days that Osler was bound for 
 London, and I often longed to go with him when he went. The 
 outcome, the pinnacle to which he ascended, exceeded, I think, 
 all our fond anticipations. Who, too, but he, would have main- 
 tained unabated the same interest in all his old friends, and who 
 else would have turned the ocean into a highway, and his new 
 position, detached as it was from any vast clinical facilities, into 
 a veritable medical Mecca for our American medical world. What 
 a heritage he has left us wherever he has lived and what blessed 
 new bonds he has created between the three great countries of his 
 residence; let us who survive cherish and strengthen them! 
 
 “Others have labored, ye have entered into their labors.” 
 
 
 
 
 
262 PERSONALITY OF OSLER IN BALTIMORE—HuRD 
 
 
 
 THE PERSONALITY OF WILLIAM OSLER 
 IN BALTIMORE 
 
 
 
 Henry M. Hurd, M.D. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 BBs personality of Doctor Osler was unquestionably an im- 
 portant factor in his useful life. His bright face, quick 
 intuition and above all, his kind and courteous manner, inspired 
 confidence and affection. I remember distinctly when I first saw 
 him at a meeting of the Canadian Medical Association held at 
 Kingston, in the summer of 1884, while he was still a resident of 
 Montreal. He was Secretary of the Association during the ses- 
 sion, and his winning personality, tact and good judgment, 
 together with his ability to manage physicians who were at times 
 tedious, opinionated and wrong-headed, was there displayed in a re- 
 markable manner. He was spare in flesh, with a dark olive com- 
 plexion and a slender figure. As Secretary of the Association, he 
 encountered many difficulties in the way of personal feeling and 
 local prejudice on the part of the physicians. Difficulties were | 
 smoothed over and asperities were softened by his courtesy, good 
 humour, and above all, by his ever present and sparkling wit. 
 At one time, however, it became necessary for him to administer & 
 speedy rebuke to a wrong-headed, obstinate and somewhat un- 
 manageable person, which was done so effectively as to prevent 
 any further difficulties from that source during the remainder of 
 the meeting. From my subsequent acquaintance with Dr. Osler, 
 I often wondered how he was then able to keep in such close 
 touch with the routine affairs of the meeting. Later in life, per- 
 haps, he did not always regard the idiosyncrasies of individual 
 persons closely, but I cannot help paying a tribute to his grasp 
 of difficult situations, his courtesy, kindness and above all, his 
 intense desire that the meeting of physicians should be most 
 profitable to every member. He seemed to exercise magical power 
 over other members of the Association, convincing their minds 
 and moulding their wills to such a degree as to secure harmonious 
 and efficient action on the part of all. } 
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 PERSONALITY OF OSLER IN BALTIMORE—HuRD 263 
 
 The same characteristics were observed when I met him 
 again in Baltimore, in 1889, at the time he removed from Phila- 
 delphia to become Physician-in-Chief in connection with the 
 Johns Hopkins Hospital. He made his home at that time at 
 the Hospital and for a period of nearly two years, during which he 
 organized his medical clinic and wrote a book, ‘The Principles 
 and Practice of Medicine.’’ He occupied rooms in the Hospital 
 and was a buoyant factor in the development of student life and 
 the promotion of medical study. I have never known any man 
 who had such an ability to do steady, regular and grinding work 
 day after day and week after week as he displayed during the 
 period he was writing his text-book on medicine. He arose early 
 in the morning and remained at his work at every leisure moment 
 not required by medical duties. He filled his room with all sorts 
 of medical literature and consulted every necessary work in the 
 Library of the Hospital and of the Surgeon General’s Office in 
 aaa and after a labour of seven months, he finished his 
 gigantic task, which will always be a monument to his ability as 
 a writer and to his knowledge as a physician. He seemed to be 
 able to penetrate the inner core of every subject and to utilize 
 it for the instruction of friends. The book also contained many 
 interesting personal revelations of his own wit and perception of 
 character, and the first edition, especially, contained allusions 
 to personal friends and eminent physicians who in his judgment 
 had inculcated certain erroneous ideas. His allusions were 
 always good-natured but sometimes critical, and I am sure the 
 effect, even upon those criticized, was not bad. In some instances, 
 in fact, I think they were led in this manner to correct some er- 
 roneous views. His life and example were always strongly in 
 favour of every form of social uplift. He was charitable, kind, 
 and interested in all persons, but occasionally he was capable of a 
 scathing denunciation of what he considered to be narrowness of 
 mind and unnecessary restriction of the rights and privileges of 
 others. His influence upon students in Baltimore, as everywhere 
 else, was most remarkable and he was able intuitively to select 
 those who were capable of doing good, efficient and original 
 medical work, as well as those who required a certain degree of 
 nursing and care on the part of the teacher. It was interesting 
 to observe the men whom he trained and to witness their develop- 
 ment in mental stature and ability to cope with medical subjects. 
 
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 264 PERSONALITY OF OSLER IN BALTIMORE—HURD 
 
 He early became very much impressed with the extent to 
 which tuberculosis prevailed in the city of Baltimore, largely 
 because of its crowded and unsanitary coloured population, and 
 in season and out of season, he preached sanitary reforms which 
 eventually resulted in great good to the city. For example, when 
 he came to Baltimore, he found cobbled streets which could not be 
 effectively and properly cleaned even when sporadic efforts were 
 made to do so, because of the irregularity of their surface and the 
 difficulty of looking after them. There was also at that time no 
 good system of disposal of the sewage of the city, and the health 
 of its residents was imperilled by accumulation of garbage and 
 sewage in the streets and the consequent pollution of drinking 
 water. In season and out of season in public meetings, he de- 
 nounced in no unmeasured terms the hygienic sins of the city 
 and urged that steps be taken to remove such conditions, and 
 unquestionably was a powerful factor in producing a much better 
 state of things. He early took measures to form an Anti-tubercu- 
 losis Society, and personally and by the contributions of his friends, 
 succeeded in stirring up a very strong interest in the eradication 
 of the disease. Largely through his personal influence, he in- 
 duced Mr. Henry Phipps, of New York, to found a Tuberculosis 
 Clinic in connection with the Johns Hopkins Hospital and to 
 furnish funds for its proper development. This was done early 
 in the history of the Hospital, and the work there initiated was 
 unquestionably most effective in arresting the spread of tubercu- 
 losis in the city and state. In connection with this, there was 
 also established through his influence an Association of Nurses to 
 visit the tuberculous in their homes, and to instruct families as to 
 proper hygienic living and greater efficiency in combatting dis- 
 ease. 
 
 The Health Reports of Baltimore at this time showed that 
 typhoid fever was one of the greatest causes of mortality and a 
 serious foe to public health. His public lectures upon this subject 
 were of great value and pointed out in a remarkable way the 
 menace to health which came from all unsanitary conditions. 
 
 His relations to medical students were most interesting. He 
 invited them freely to his house and read the older medical 
 classics with them. He was a friend to everyone and his house 
 and his purse were open to those who needed help, and his aid 
 was given in no stinted way. He a’so had great affection for his 
 
 
 
OSLER AND THE STUDENT—BROWN 265 
 
 old friends and when they came to visit him, especially those who 
 were Canadians, he was the soul of hospitality. With it all, 
 there was a degree of boyishness in his manner which sometimes 
 gave a false impression of his character. His boyishness, however, 
 and love of fun continued as long as he remained in Baltimore, 
 and many of his friends learned to know what to expect and to 
 measure the amount of credence to be placed upon certain of his 
 extravagant statements. He was a friend to all and was warmly 
 and sincerely loved and revered by his associates, students, 
 nurses, and all persons who in any way came in contact with him. 
 
 OSLER AND THE STUDENT* 
 
 Tuomas R. BRown 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 N a lay sermon delivered before the Yale students a few years ago 
 in which Dr. Osler offered them ‘A way of life’”—he began 
 with two words which show more plainly than many pages could 
 his real relation to the student,—for these two words were, “‘fellow- 
 students.”” In these words lay the real reason for his unique and 
 lasting influence upon all who studied with him, for he, with his 
 vast experience, his wonderful insight, his profound knowledge, 
 his poetic vision, his deep sympathy, was still always at heart 
 the student, always studying, always delving more deeply into the 
 mysteries of health and of disease, giving always, yet always ready 
 to receive, teaching, yet ever ready to learn. 
 
 To those privileged to be his students in the early days of 
 the Johns Hopkins medical school—a truly golden age to each and 
 every one of the small, though ever growing group,—he preached, 
 as he lived, a glorious philosophy of life, a joy in work, doing the 
 day’s tasks, “living for the day and for the day’s work,” with a 
 wonderful belief in his fellowmen, never losing faith because some 
 had failed him, giving without stint his best to everyone, with no 
 thought that some might prove unworthy of the trust. He felt 
 with Goethe that “the classical is health, and the romantic di- 
 
 
 
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 266 OsLER AND THE STUDENT—BROWN 
 
 sease,’’ and he strove for the one with the Greek love of perfec- 
 tion, while for the other he had the passion of the truly adventur- 
 ous spirit sailing on uncharted seas. To us who were his students 
 in those early days, his memory is so vivid, so fresh, that it 
 seems but as of yesterday when he worked and played in our 
 midst, and we have but to close our eyes to see him in fancy, almost 
 as clearly as we saw him in fact in the late ’90’s, the great teacher 
 and the great student in his manifold relations to his students. 
 Now we see him riding to the hospital in the Monument Street 
 car, and to the group about him prophecying, with keen yet ever 
 kindly vision, the ills,—physical, mental and spiritual,—of the 
 derelicts en route to the dispensary; here in the wards demon- 
 strating the complex psychology of Giles de la Tourette’s disease, 
 as exemplified by a poor bit of sodden humanity whose coprolalia 
 but exemplified—in a way a bit embarrassing at times it is true— 
 the symptom-complex he was discussing, or in an alcove off the 
 ward playing with little Theophilia as she was emerging from the 
 night of cretinism into the day of normal happy childhood under 
 his skilful guidance; now in the class-room of the dispensary—for 
 he loved the polyclinic, and believed in its wonderful potentiality 
 as a teaching factor—with one deft touch solving a case of great 
 complexity, or bringing from his vast storehouse of knowledge 
 the one last link needed in a disease-picture hitherto poorly under- 
 stood,—listening, suggesting, directing, teaching, guiding both 
 student and patient, and all the while filling countless scraps of 
 paper with the names of one of the three great teachers of his 
 youth; now in the clinical laboratory studying a blood specimen, 
 and suggesting to the student some line of original investigation 
 which might, perhaps, light into flame the dormant investigator 
 and research worker; now in the autopsy room studying in death 
 the puzzles that he had helped to unravel during life; now walking 
 through the wards and corridors of the hospital with a smile or at 
 epigram for every doctor and nurse who passed, @ kindly word, 
 and his ever-stimulating psychotherapy—encouragement, optim- 
 ism, hope—to every patient he saw; in his myriad activities always 
 making each student feel that he also was but a student of health 
 and of disease, of men and of morals, and yet such a student as to 
 fire our minds, our souls and our bodies to renewed efforts so that 
 we might, in some measure at least, prove worthy of this fraternity. 
 To us who were privileged to be his students—his fellow-students 
 
 
 
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 OsLER AND THE STUDENT—BROWN 267 
 
 in those days,—he was—and still is—always our inspiration and 
 always our model. In him the fire burned so brightly that no 
 dross or tinsel could survive its pure flame, and he was ever ‘‘our 
 cloud by day, our pillar of fire by night.’”’ With Bossuet he taught 
 that “le bon sens est le génie de Vhumanitié,’’ and he gave to us 
 “a golden age which never rusts, a spring which never fades, 
 eternal youth.” Always true to himself and to others, he made us 
 think daily of words of his beloved Plato,—‘‘ Whence has the pro- 
 gress of cities and nations arisen, if not from remarkable individuals 
 coming into the world we know not how, and from causes over 1 
 which we have no control?” mi! 
 
 Is not the greatest tragedy of growing older the loss of our | 
 illusions—the discovery sooner or later that so many of the gods 
 of our youth, Jove-like Olympians of those days when our world 
 was young and pregnant with possibilities, have, after all, but feet 
 of clay? But with “the Chief” this could never be. The more 
 we learned, the more wonderful his boundless knowledge seemed; 
 the wider our vision, the more limitless his appeared. 
 
 Everyone who had ever been his student was, as it were, still 
 studying with him, or peripatetically following his footsteps as he 
 journeyed through life, always teaching some new lesson of medi- 
 cine or of living. Every honour that befell him enriched us and 
 made us prouder. of our brotherhood; every step upward or on- 
 ward of his made our paths easier and the heights seem not so far 
 away. We rejoiced in his happiness and in his honours, and per- 
 haps he was helped in his sorrows by the knowledge that they 
 were ours as well, for he had shown us how work could be made 
 play, and how the real could be made ideal. Because of him our 
 lives were better, our successes more real, our failures less hard to 
 bear, for through the tangled skein that spells life each of us has 
 known that in him we had had until his life ended, a teacher, a 
 friend, and a true fellow-student. 
 
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 2968 Av Jouns Hopkins HospiTAL WITH OsLER—LAFLEUR 
 
 EARLY DAYS AT THE JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL 
 WITH DR. OSLER 
 
 H. A. Laruzvr, B.A., M.D. 
 McGill University, Montreal 
 
 T is a far cry back to the opening of the J ohns Hopkins Hospital 
 in May, 1889. Through the vista of thirty-one years the re- 
 collections of the events and personalities of those early days of 
 the hospital are inevitably blurred—the outlines. have lost their 
 sharpness, the colours have faded a little—all except those of two or 
 three outstanding figures, Daniel C. Gilman, president of the 
 university and hospital, William H. Welch, pathologist, and Wil- 
 liam Osler, physician-in-chief. It was my great good fortune to 
 have been associated with Dr. Osler as first resident physician for 
 two and a half years. I well remember the opening ceremony. It 
 was a brilliant day, and notabilities, medical and otherwise, from 
 
 Baltimore and the principal medical. schools of America were — 
 
 grouped under the vast dome of the administration building to 
 witness the inauguration of what was confidently believed to be 
 the last word in hospital construction and management for the 
 scientific study and treatment of disease. There was a feeling of 
 
 elation—one might even say of exaltation—that the structure — 
 
 which had taken twenty years to evolve, absorbing the energies 
 and thought of so many able minds, had at last become a fai 
 accompli. And:to none more than to Dr. Osler was this a red-letter 
 day. To blaze a perfectly new road, untrammelled by tradition, 
 vested interests, or medical ‘‘deadwood”—hbest of all, backed by a 
 board of management imbued with a fundamental and abiding 
 respect for scientific opinion and commanding an ample budget— 
 what more could the heart of man desire? The days that followed 
 were filled with the many details of organization. There were 
 record forms and charts of various sorts to be devised, instruments 
 of precision and appliances for diagnosis to be purchased, diet lists 
 to be drawn up, and not least, a clinical laboratory to be furnished 
 and equipped—the latter a temporary affair, as those who had 
 planned the magnificent pile of buildings had omitted to make 
 provision for this essential feature of a medical clinic. With all 
 these matters Dr. Osler busied himself with his usual cheerful 
 
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 4, 
 
 
 

 
 JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL, 1889 
 Upper Line (Standing): A. A. Guriskry, J. M. T. Finney, A. C. Aspott, HUNTER Ross, CLarx, W. Hewson 
 
 BALTzELL; Seated (Middle Row): F. J. Brockway, Witiiam Oster, D. MERepITH REESE, ——— 
 H. A. Larieur, W. W. Farr; Seated on Floor: J. Atxison Scott, H. ‘TouLmin, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 WitiiAM OsutER, HENRY M. Hurp, Howarp 
 
 REESE, 
 
 JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL, 1891 
 CuHIrrs oF STAFF, WiTH RESIDENT STAFF 
 
 Standing (Left to Right); A.C. ABBOTT, A. A. GuriskEy, W. S. THAYER, W. W. Russet, H. A. LArteurR, HUNTER Rops, 
 
 W. HEwsON BALTZELL, 
 
 A. Ketiy, W. T. CouNCILMAN; Seated (Left to Right): OD. MEREDITH 
 
 W.S. Roosr, W. W. Farr, GEORGE H. F. NutTrTrAaALL. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 Ar Jouns Horxins HospiTaAL WITH OSLER—LAFLEUR 269 
 
 and untiring industry, and the thought that was uppermost was 
 to have the best that could be obtained. 
 
 It would be idle to say that patients at once flocked in large 
 numbers to the spacious and well-appointed wards. There can be 
 no harm in stating now, at this distance, that the attitude of the 
 general public of Baltimore was at first rather lukewarm toward 
 the new institution. The Baltimoreans of that day were essenti- 
 ally clannish and “southern”, and as most of the heads of hospital 
 departments had been chosen from other centres of medical 
 education in ‘the north’’, there was no immediate bond of union 
 between the hospital staff.and the public, who clung to their local 
 medical authorities. It is only fair to state that this feeling has 
 entirely disappeared, and that Baltimore is justly proud of its 
 great hospital and medical school. 
 
 To no one more than to Dr. Osler—to his personal charm and 
 tact, no less than to his great professional attainments, is due the 
 credit of having “broken the ice” and established the most cordial 
 and intimate relations between the general medical profession and 
 the public of Baltimore and the Johns Hopkins Hospital. A hum- 
 orous sidelight is thrown on the attitude of the more ignorant part 
 of the public of those days by the rumor, current at that time 
 among the coloured population, that each member of the staff of 
 the new hospital had the privilege of “cutting-up a nigger’’, and 
 one of our staff averred that he had heard a wayward and truant 
 “nickaninny’’ warned by its mother to keep away from the neigh- 
 bourhood, or the doctors would get him. This legend no doubt 
 had its origin in the fact that the pathological laboratory was in 
 operation for experimental work on animals some four or five years 
 before the hospital was opened for the reception of patients. 
 
 The first indoor patient was an advanced case of thoracic 
 aneurism, and when in the course of time he was transferred from 
 the ward to the post-mortem room, with a full clinical report de- 
 scribing the site and extent of the lesion, and the secondary changes 
 in lungs, heart, liver and kidneys, Dr. Welch was kind enough to 
 remark that he had not been accustomed to receive from clinicians 
 such accurate and complete diagnoses. It was not many weeks 
 before the wards began to fill up, and as is often the way with new 
 institutions, there were many cases of special interest—obscure 
 cases which came as a last resort for diagnosis by a master in the 
 art—and in many instances the hope was fulfilled. The organiza- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 270 Av Jonns Hopxins HospiTaL WITH OSLER—LAFLEUR 
 
 tion of an’out-patient department, so essential as a feeder to the 
 wards, was at first one of Dr. Osler’s chief preoccupations, and this 
 phase of the hospital’s activities very soon attracted a large and 
 appreciative public. Manned by an ample and competent staff of 
 young men, working under the daily personal supervision of the 
 physician-in-chief, and supplied with all the necessary instru- 
 mental and laboratory facilities, the department soon gained the 
 confidence of the public by painstaking, accurate and thorough 
 work. 
 
 Among the many instances in which Dr. Osler did good service 
 to the medical profession of Baltimore, none was more conspicuous 
 than his insistence on the diagnosis of malarial infection by micro- 
 scopic examination of the blood, and per contra, the rejection of the 
 term “malarial” in pathological conditions where no parasites 
 were found after careful and repeated examinations. He repeated- 
 ly drew attention to the futility of quinine in large doses for ail- 
 ments which had not been proved to be of malarial origin. He was 
 the first in America to report the presence of amoebe in so-called 
 tropical dysentery, confirming the then recent discovery of this 
 parasite by Kartulis in the endemic dysentery of Egypt. I well 
 remember the day (in 1890) he brought to the clinical laboratory 
 a specimen of pus from an abscess of the liver and lung, and after 
 a short search detected motile amoebe in large numbers. He was 
 greatly pleased and enthusiastic about this find. The patient was 
 a doctor who had contracted dysentery in Panama and on his way 
 north had consulted Dr. Osler. As sporadic cases of dysentery 
 were by no means uncommon in Baltimore, we all became keenly 
 interested in knowing whether or not amcebe would be found, 
 and we soon were able to demonstrate them in a series of cases 
 during the next year. 
 
 In this early stage of the Johns Hopkins Hospital there was no 
 undergraduate teaching. The University had not sufficient funds 
 to organize a medical school, and Dr. Osler’s great gifts as a clinical 
 teacher found no expression except in the instruction of a some- 
 what motley group of post-graduate students who came from far 
 and near attracted by his reputation. Coming as they did from 
 all sorts of medical schools—the poorer type of American medical 
 colleges had not then been weeded out by judicious state legis- 
 lation—it was inevitable that to many of his audience, seeking 
 medical “tips” only, the mental pabulum provided for them was 
 
 
 

 
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 Ar Jouns Horxins HospiraL with OsLER—LAFLEUR 271 
 
 “caviar to the general’, but there were always a chosen few by 
 whom the storehouse of his rich clinical experience was fully ap- 
 preciated. The most spectacular of the theatre clinics was on the 
 occasion of the first administration in the hospital of Koch’s tuber- 
 culin. A small supply of the precious (?) dark-brown fluid had 
 been sent to America and distributed to a few well-known clinics 
 with specific directions for its use. Under the spell of the great 
 name of Koch, it was considered advisable to make a function of 
 the administration of the first dose of what was then confidently 
 expected to inaugurate an epoch in the history of tuberculosis. 
 The executive head of the hospital, the chiefs of the various clinics, 
 the house-staff and a large gathering of physicians from Baltimore 
 and the vicinity assembled in the amphitheatre, and after some pre- 
 liminary historical remarks by Dr. Osler and Dr. Welch, the writer 
 proceeded to inject subcutaneously into an advanced consumptive 
 what would now be considered a colossal dose of O.T.-and the 
 gathering dispersed with mutual congratulations! 
 
 My impression of Dr. Osler as a clinical teacher is that he was 
 at his best in ward-rounds rather than in theatre clinics. He 
 seemed more at ease by the bedside than when delivering a clinical 
 lecture. One could appreciate at the bedside his extraordinarily 
 keen powers of observation and the almost uncanny flazr he had 
 for the case of rare disease—the result of wide reading combined 
 with a most retentive memory of all he had seen in his vast and 
 varied experience. He was not a fluent speaker—much less so 
 than many lesser lights—and one missed in the spoken word the 
 ease, elegance and brilliance so conspicuous in his writings. 
 
 It was in the spring of 1891 that the “Principles and Practice 
 of Medicine”’ first took definite shape. It is safe to say that the 
 project had long been in his mind, but it is probable his manifold 
 activities while he was in Philadelphia prevented him from taking 
 the leisure necessary for composition, while at Baltimore, at least 
 in the early days, he had more peace and quiet for intensive literary 
 work. Be that as it may, he waived the usual summer vacation— 
 never a holiday in the ordinary sense of the word, for he was always 
 busy with some aspect of his profession at home or abroad—and 
 settled down to dictating his magnum opus to his secretary, and 
 when not dictating, making voluminous notes for the next day’s 
 work, He labored in a special room of the administration building 
 (it should have a suitable tablet recording the fact), far away from 
 
 
 
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 the bustle of the corridors and wards, and as the summer wore 
 on, could be found there, not infrequently in his shirt-sleeves (any- 
 one who has spent a summer in Baltimore will understand why), 
 working at high pressure early and late, an example of ceaseless 
 industry and a marvel to his house-staff, to whom the ordinary 
 routine of hospital duties seemed sufficient in that moist and 
 suffocating heat. 
 
 On more than one occasion Dr. Osler, in a half-serious, half- 
 jocular way, gave dark hints of a small, black, leather-bound and 
 padlocked note-book, in which he was writing “The Inner History 
 of the Johns Hopkins Hospital’’, and which was not to be published 
 until after his death. So far as I am aware no one but himself 
 had any idea of its contents, but knowing him one may surmise its 
 wealth of anecdote, humor, wisdom and, possibly, pathos. It is 
 to be hoped that his literary executors are in possession of this 
 treasure and have explicit instructions to let it see the light of day 
 in the near future. 
 
 No sketch of Dr. Osler’s early days in Baltimore would be 
 complete without some reference to his delightful home, then on 
 West Monument Street. The social instinct was always strong in 
 him, and his house was a rendezvous for medical men from far and 
 near. It was an open house at luncheon time, and almost any week 
 one might be certain to meet some well-known figure of the Ameri- 
 can, and often of the European, medical world at his table or at 
 five o’clock tea. But it was not only the masters of the profession 
 to whom he gave a welcome—his door and his table were open to 
 the humblest practitioner who had need of his advice and care. He 
 was always specially interested in younger men of promise, for 
 whom his personal charm and easy geniality, no less than his pro- 
 fessional distinction, had an irresistible attraction. By those who 
 had the privilege of an intimate and daily contact with him in ward 
 and laboratory, he will always be remembered gratefully and 
 affectionately as “the Chief.” 
 
 
 

 
 PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF OSLER—FINNEY 273 
 
 A PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER* 
 
 J. M. T. Finney, M.D. 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 T was my privilege to know Dr. Osler from the day when the 
 Johns Hopkins Hospital was formally opened, May 7, 1889, 
 and to be more or less intimately associated with him during the 
 sixteen years of his connection with that institution as its first 
 physician-in-chief, and the first occupant of the chair of medicine 
 in the Johns Hopkins University Medical School. It was not my 
 privilege to serve under him as an undergraduate or assistant, but 
 I, like every other earnest student fortunate enough to have been 
 attached to the staff of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in any capacity 
 whatsoever during those golden years of opportunity, could not 
 fail, in some degree, to come under the magic spell of his influ- 
 ence, so potently manifested wherever he happened to be, whether 
 in Toronto, Montreal, Philadelphia, Baltimore or Oxford. It was 
 an influence so subtle and yet so compelling that one could not 
 remain in its immediate environment for any length of time with- 
 out receiving in some form or other his lasting imprint. Who can 
 do justice to such aman? Who can recount his virtues? He had 
 no vices. Some faults he had, for he was intensely human. Who 
 can properly evaluate his qualities of mind or heart, or measure 
 the extent of his influence upon the profession of medicine? [| 
 can only indulge the hope that from my vantage point, a little re- 
 moved from the close and intimate relationship of pupil and 
 teacher, or assistant and chief, my perspective may be a little 
 better, perhaps, than that of either of the former and that thus 
 I may be able the more justly to appraise the qualities of head and 
 heart of that truly great man, at the time of his death the recog- 
 nized leader of his chosen profession, in whose honour and for the 
 perpetuation of whose memory we have gathered here this evening. 
 Well do I remember that eventful day, May 7th, 1889, when 
 
 the doors of the Johns Hopkins Hospital were thrown open to the 
 
 
 
 *Extracted by permission from an address read before the Los Angeles 
 Medical Association; published, Journ. Amer. Med. Assoc., 1921, Ixxvii, 2013. 
 
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 274 PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF OsSLER—FINNEY 
 
 public. There had gathered a distinguished assemblage contain- 
 ing many notable personages, both lay and medical, representing 
 the élite of the profession of the country, and the responsible citi- 
 zens of Baltimore and vicinity. Among the prominent figures who 
 were present was one on whom, perhaps more than any one else, 
 were focused the attention and the interest of the assemblage. 
 That man, a rather spare figure, a little below the average height; 
 dressed immaculately; debonair, with a flower in the buttonhole 
 of his Prince Albert; with coal black hair, just beginning to get a 
 little thin over a high forehead indicative of great intellect, a 
 flowing moustache, bright, piercing eyes in which lurked almost 
 constantly a most engaging twinkle; a complexion rather sallow, 
 yet suggesting good health and constitution; with quick and agile 
 movements, indicating great nervous energy; and altogether giving 
 the impression of a body under excellent control physically, en- 
 dowed with great mental acumen and poise, and possessed to a 
 marked degree of the sense of humour. 
 
 One of his especial characteristics was optimism; not of the 
 foolish sort, which, ostrich-like, buries its head in the sand and says 
 all is well when it surely is not, but the optimism which grasps 
 every opportunity legitimately and wisely to turn the current of the 
 patient’s attention and thought from self and gloomy forebodings 
 ‘nto more healthful and stimulating channels. Hope was the 
 bright particular star to which he was constantly pointing in all 
 his relations with his patients. It was the gospel he preached to his 
 students. His writings are filled with it. 
 
 One of the outstanding characteristics of the “Chief’’ was his 
 thorough understanding and interest in human nature. He, like 
 Abou-ben-Adhem, loved his fellow man despite faults and frailties, 
 toward which he was always willing to turn a blind eye or @ deaf 
 ear. At the same time, in a very tactful way and from some text 
 thus furnished, he preached many a lay sermon which had a lasting 
 effect for good on the patient, or the group of medical students and 
 assistants, or the medical or lay audience, as the case might be, 
 to whom it happened to be addressed. | 
 
 In addition to this, there was developed in him that extra- 
 ordinarily rare faculty, the capacity of making each individual pa- 
 tient feel that he was personally interested in his or her case, not 
 by number but as an individual. This was not merely assumed 
 interest with him, either: it was genuine. Those who knew him 
 
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PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF OSLER—FINNEY 275 | ie 
 
 best came to feel that to an unusual degree he was endowed with 
 the love of his fellow men, both individually and collectively. 
 This was one of the most potent of the impelling forces in his life 
 and was largely responsible for the spirit of helpfulness that charac- 
 terized his work. 
 
 The relationship between him and his students and his staff i] 
 of associates was most cordial. Never was chief more loyally | 
 served or more thoroughly worshipped by his subjects than was 
 Dr. Osler by those associated with him. Their relations were ey 
 xertainly ideal. To see Dr. Osler at his best, to get a glimpse of the iy 
 real ‘‘Chief,’”’ of the many-sidedness of his character, of his won- 
 derful memory for cases, of the inexhaustible storehouse of medical 
 lore with which his mind was filled, his remarkable insight into 
 disease and its protean manifestations, and to feel the magic spell 
 of his presence and personality, one must watch him by the bed- 
 side of his patient, surrounded by his students. There he sits in 
 the midst of them, with thoughtful mien, in characteristic pose, his 
 exquisite hands palpating the patient or toying with a stethoscope 
 or adjusting a recalcitrant cuff; alert, never missing an oppor- 
 tunity to direct attention to some point of interest illustrated by 
 the case in hand, or to point out to the students some direction 
 in which possibly addition could be made to existing knowledge 
 by study and research. Nor was the opportunity lost to try, in his 
 own inimitable way, to stimulate the desire for these things in 
 the minds of his students. 
 
 He was a man of few words. He never expressed an opinion 
 until he had acquainted himself fully with all of the available facts 
 in the case. Then his opinion was stated in a few words, and to 
 the point, so that it could be readily understood by every one. 
 Taciturnity was one of his virtues. He cultivated it and earnestly 
 advised its cultivation in others. He was never heard to speak 
 ill of any one. Sometimes in righteous indignation he would 
 enter a vigorous protest against some wrong or wrong-doer. 
 Under such circumstances, he could express himself both vigor- 
 ously and emphatically, and at times in truly picturesque fashion. 
 This was his characterization of the “patent” or proprietary medi- 
 cine “drummer,” always a trial to his soul: ‘ While many of them 
 are good sensible fellows, there are others voluble as Cassio, inde- 
 pendent as Autolycus, and senseless as Caliban, who will tell you 
 glibly of the virtues of extract of the coccygeal gland in promoting 
 
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 276 PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF OSLER—FINNEY 
 
 pineal metabolism, and are ready to express the most emphatic 
 opinions on questions about which the greatest masters of our art 
 are doubtful.”” What a delightful character sketch and how true 
 we all know, to our edification and sorrow. 
 
 One of the cardinal principles of his life was the cultivation 
 of equanimity. He preached this both in season and out of season 
 and practiced it constantly, to the end. 
 
 As A TEACHER 
 
 Dr. Osler had decided ideas as to the proper way to teach medi- 
 cine, and these were not always in accord with prevailing methods. 
 His ideas seems to have been influenced largely by the teachings of 
 Louis, of whom and of whose methods of work he was an ardent 
 admirer. He subscribed most heartily to the positive or modern 
 method of the study of medicine by observation and analysis as 
 distinguished from theory and dogma. He quotes with entire 
 approval Louis’ words: 
 
 “The edifice of medicine reposes entirely on facts, and truth cannot be 
 elicited except from those facts which have been well and completely observed. 
 To get an accurate knowledge of any disease, it is necessary to study a large 
 series of cases, and to go into all the particulars; the conditions under which it 
 is met, the subject specially liable, the various symptoms, the pathologic 
 changes and the effect of drugs.” 
 
 Listen to what he says further in this regard: 
 
 “In what may be called the natural method of teaching, the student be- 
 gins with the patient, continues with the patient, and ends his studies with the 
 patient, using books and lectures as tools, as means to an end. The student 
 starts, in fact, as a practitioner, as an observer of disordered machines, with 
 the structure and orderly functions of which he is perfectly familiar. Teach 
 him to observe; give him plenty of facts to be observed, and the lessons will 
 come out of the facts themselves. For the junior student in medicine and 
 surgery, it is a safe rule to have no teaching without a patient for a text, and 
 the best teaching is that taught by the patient himself. The whole art of medi- 
 cine is in observation, as the old motto goes, but to educate the eye to see, the 
 ear to hear, and the finger to feel, takes time, and to make a beginning, to 
 start a man on the right path is all we can do. We expect too much of the 
 student and we try to teach him too much. Give him good methods and a 
 proper point of view, and all other things will be added as experience grows.” 
 
 How much more rational, how much more effective this 
 method with small groups of students than the old, now happily 
 largely discarded, stereotyped lectures and text books, and recl- 
 
 
 
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—— st—<‘iOOCti‘C 
 
 PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF OSLER—FINNEY 277 
 
 tations with large classes, in which it is impossible to have that 
 intimate and personal contact between teacher and student so 
 helpful to each. 
 
 Reared, as he was in his early youth, in a clerical home atmos- 
 phere, influenced, as he himself says, more profoundly than by 
 any one else, by three of his old teachers, one of whom was a 
 minister, and another later to become one, Dr. Osler’s writings and 
 addresses bear unmistakable evidence of this beneficent influence. 
 
 
 
 Hear him while he speaks: 
 
 “As to your method of work, I have a single bit of advice which I give 
 with the earnest conviction of its paramount influence in any success which 
 may have attended my efforts in life. Take no thought for the morrow; live 
 neither in the past nor in the future, but let each day’s work absorb your en- 
 tire energies and satisfy your widest ambitions. ...... While medicine is to 
 be your vocation or calling, see to it that you have also an avocation, some 
 intellectual pastime, which may serve to keep you in touch with the world of 
 art, of science or of letters. Begin at once the cultivation of some interest 
 other than the purely professional. The difficulty is in a selection, and the 
 choice will be different according to your tastes and training; but, no matter 
 what it is, have some outside hobby. For the hard working medical student, 
 it is perhaps easiest to keep up an interest in literature. Let each subject in 
 your year’s work have a corresponding outside author. When tired of anato- 
 my, refresh your mind with Oliver Wendell Holmes; after a worrying subject 
 in physiology, turn to the great idealists, to Shelley or Keats for consolation ; 
 when chemistry distresses your soul, seek peace in the great pacifier, Shake- 
 speare; when the complications of pharmacology are unbearable, ten minutes 
 with Montaigne will lighten your burden. To the writings of one old physi- 
 cian I can urge your closest attention. There have been, and, happily, there 
 are still, in our ranks notable illustrations of the intimate relations between 
 medicine and literature; but in the group of literary physicians, Sir Thomas 
 Brown stands preeminent. The “Religio Medici,” one of the great English 
 classics, should be in the hands, the hearts, too, of every medical student. As 
 I am on the confessional to-day, I may tell you that no book has had so endur- 
 ing an influence on my life...... It was one of the strong influences which 
 turned my thoughts toward medicine as a profession, and my most treasured 
 copy, the second book I ever bought, has been a constant companion for thirty- 
 one years.” 
 
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 “Tt seems a bounden duty on such an occasion to be honest and frank, 
 so I propose to tell you the secret of life as I have seen the game played, and 
 as I haye tried to play it myself. You remember in one of the Jungle Stories 
 that when Mowgli wished to be avenged on the villagers, he could only get the 
 help of Hathi and his sons by sending them the master word. This I propose 
 to give you in the hope, yes, in the full assurance that some of you, at least, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 278 PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF OSLER—FINNEY 
 
 will lay hold on it to your profit. Though a little one, the master word looms 
 large in meaning. It is the open sesame to every portal; the great equalizer 
 in the world; the true philosopher’s stone which transmutes all the base metal 
 of humanity into gold. The stupid man among you it will make bright; the 
 bright brilliant, and the brilliant student steady. With the magic word in 
 your heart, all things are possible, and without it all study is vanity and vexa- 
 tion. The miracles of life are with it; the blind see by touch; the deaf hear 
 with eyes; the dumb speak with fingers. To the youth, it brings hope; to 
 the middle-aged, confidence; to the aged, repose. True balm of hurt minds, 
 in its presence the heart of the sorrowful is lightened and consoled. It is 
 directly responsible for all advances in medicine during the past twenty-five 
 centuries. Laying hold on it, Hippocrates made observation and science the 
 warp and woof of our art. Galen so read its meaning that fifteen centuries 
 stopped thinking and slept until awakened by the De Fabrica of Vesalius, 
 which is the very incarnation of the master word. With its inspiration 
 Harvey gave an impulse to a larger circulation than he wot of, an impulse 
 which we feel to-day. Hunter sounded all its heights and depths and stands 
 out in our history as one of the great exemplars of its virtue. With it, Vir- 
 chow smote the rock and the waters of progress gushed out; while in the hands 
 of Pasteur, it proved a very talisman to open to us a new heaven in medicine 
 and a new earth in surgery. Not only has it been the touchstone of progress, 
 but it is the measure of success in every day life. Not a man before you but 
 is beholden to it for his position here, while he who addresses you has that 
 honour directly in consequence of having had it graven on his heart when he 
 was as you are to-day. And the master word is Work, a little one, as I have 
 said, but fraught with momentous consequences, if you can but write it on 
 the tablets of your hearts and bind it on your foreheads.”’ 
 
 I have thus quoted at length from Dr. Osler himself because, 
 while he is exhorting his students, he is at the same time revealing 
 the innermost secrets of his heart. He is telling the secret of his 
 great success, the reason why he was able to accomplish the won- 
 derful work that he did, and how it was that he gained the pinnacle 
 of fame which was his. Yes, Dr. Osler was pre-eminently a teacher. 
 He would have made a wonderful preacher. He possessed to an 
 unusual degree all the qualifications and characteristics necessary 
 for success in this exalted calling, for so it is. He recognized and 
 appreciated this fact, and it influenced greatly his whole career. 
 Ever stimulating and inspiring, ever urging higher ideals, ever en- 
 couraging by his example and methods; never taking advantage 
 of his position to humiliate a student before his fellows or his pa- 
 tients; never himself causing nor allowing any one else in his 
 presence to cause unnecessary physical or mental pain or discom- 
 fort by rough handling, or the brusque, sometimes even brutal ex- 
 pression in the patient’s hearing of opinions concerning a diagno- 
 
 ee ee ee ae 
 
 
 
— I 
 
 PersonaAL APPRECIATION OF OSLER—FINNEY 279 
 
 sis of malignant or other disease with fatal or discouraging progno- 
 sis. His tactful replies to embarrassing questions of patients or of 
 over-anxious members of the family; his successful escapes from 
 verbal encounters with neurasthenics and psychasthenics, leaving 
 them bewildered, perhaps, but for the moment at least satisfied, 
 are proverbial. He was always suggesting to the student new lines 
 of investigation and work, new problems to engage his attention 
 and activities. He was always interested in the progress made by 
 the student in these directions, and, when anything worth while 
 was developing, showed great interest in its prompt publication. 
 It was just here that he displayed pre-eminently that quality un- 
 fortunately not universally present in teachers, namely, the insis- 
 tence on the fact that whatever credit was due from the work done 
 should belong alone to the one who did it, he taking no share in it 
 to himself. Is it any wonder, then, that his influence on his stu- 
 dents and associates should have had the happy effect which it 
 did, and should have been rewarded by the development among 
 them of teachers and masters who have since followed gratefully 
 in his footsteps, illustrating, to a greater or less degree, in their 
 lives and methods the principles he so eloquently preached and 
 s0 faithfully practiced? 
 
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 OTHER ACTIVITIES AND INTERESTS 
 
 Dr. Osler was a citizen of three countries and loyal to the best 
 traditions of them all. He took an active interest in all the civic 
 problems involved in this citizenship, especially those having to 
 do with public health. Tuberculosis early engaged his thoughtful 
 attention, and much of his best work was done here. He was tre- 
 mendously interested in all matters pertaining to hygiene and 
 sanitation. The control of communicable diseases, pure water, a 
 good milk supply, children’s playgrounds, every movement, in 
 fact, that had to do with improved living conditions and made for 
 the upbuilding of humanity, found in him an ardent champion. 
 
 Attention has already been called to the fact that Dr. Osler 
 was constantly urging students to have a hobby. His was books, 
 old books, especially first editions. Many of his students retain 
 vivid recollections of the delight with which he would exhibit in 
 his own study, or at the meetings of the Historical Society, some 
 rare old volume and fairly gloat over it as he recounted its history, 
 gave the biography of its author and appraised its literary and 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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 280 PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF OSLER—FINNEY 
 
 scientific value with the authority of the connoisseur that he was. 
 His collection of old books at the time of his death formed a library 
 of great value, and along certain lines was second to none in exis- 
 tence. It was a source of intense satisfaction to him that his son, 
 Revere, had inherited in large measure this same trait. 
 
 Dr. Osler was a firm believer in the high mission of the medical 
 profession, and in the opportunities which it affords to those of its 
 members who are able to appreciate and take advantage of them. 
 He was an uncompromising foe to chauvinism and its offspring, 
 which he characterized as “nationalism, provincialism and paro- 
 chialism.”” Especially does he inveigh against that unfortunately 
 all too common variety that takes the form of professional jealou- 
 sies and contentions among medical men, often leading to undig- 
 nified and unprofessional conduct. He consistently held the posi- 
 tion that there was no more high-minded body of men to be found 
 than that which composed the medical profession, and that it was 
 unseemly and unbecoming to engage in personal and professional 
 disputes and controversies which could only tend to discredit the 
 profession in the eyes of the public, and breed bitterness and hatred 
 in the minds of those who indulged therein. Instead, he was al- 
 ways counseling against too hasty judgment of the actions of a 
 confrére, especially as reported by a patient, however well meaning 
 he or she might be, because so often such remarks are uninten- 
 tionally misquoted and such actions misconstrued. ‘Never let 
 your tongue say a slighting word of a colleague. It is not for you 
 to judge. Let not your ear hear the sound of your voice raised 
 in unkind criticism or ridicule or condemnation of a physician. 
 If you do, you can never again meet that man face to face. Wait, 
 try to believe the best. Time will generally show that the words 
 that you might have spoken would have been unjust, would have 
 injured a good man and lost you a friend, and then, silence is 
 such a powerful weapon” (Thayer). Could you imagine more 
 valuable advice for the student, or for us medical men, to receive 
 than this? and the best part of it all was that Dr. Osler never 
 preached what he did not practice. His own life was the best 
 illustration of his precepts. 
 
 SENSE OF HUMOUR 
 
 Dr. Osler’s sense of humour, to which reference has been made 
 before, was so fine and subtle that he was not infrequently mis- 
 
 
 

 
 PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF OSLER—FINNEY 281 
 
 understood by his more matter-of-fact audience, “the dull, stupid 
 public,” as he was so fond of characterizing it. He was always 
 most felicitous in his quotations and his similes. It was here that 
 his keen and discriminating sense of humour found expression. 
 His characterization and description of men and things were 
 notorious. Listen to this classification of the various types of 
 professors: “It was a parson,” he says, ‘who gave the well 
 known libelous division of doctors: (1) those that talk but doe 
 nothing; (2) some that can doe but not talk; (3) some that can 
 both doe and talk; (4) some that can neither doe nor talk, and these 
 get most monie.” 
 
 Often when apparently writing in a most humorous vein, 
 he has been the most serious in his meaning, and how often and 
 with what delicate touch does he expose some of our human faults 
 and foibles (Brush). Listen to this homily addressed to a class 
 of graduating students: 
 
 “Curious odd compounds are these fellow-creatures at whose mercy you 
 will be; full of fads and eccentricities, of whims and fancies; but the more 
 closely we study their little foibles of one sort or another in the inner life which 
 we see, the more surely is the conviction borne in on us of the likeness of their 
 weaknesses to our own. The similarity would be intolerable if a happy 
 egotism did not often render us forgetful of it. Hence the need of an infinite 
 
 patience and an ever-tender charity toward these fellow-creatures; have they 
 not to exercise the same toward us?”’ 
 
 PRACTICAL SIDE 
 
 With all of his fondness for humor and the bright side of life 
 there was an intensely practical side to all of his teaching. Art 
 for art’s sake, science for science’s sake, work for mere work’s sake, 
 did not appeal to him. The medical man should always be in- 
 spired and his work should have as its ultimate aim the benefit 
 
 of humanity, some addition to the sum total of human knowledge, 
 
 the cure of disease, the prolongation of life. ‘‘The knowledge,”’ 
 (he quotes),“‘ which a man can use is the only real knowledge, the 
 only knowledge which has life and growth in it and converts itself 
 into practical power. The rest hangs like dust about the brain 
 o1 dries like raindrops off the stones.” 
 
 HuMAN SIDE 
 
 The human side of Dr. Osler was perhaps, after all, the most 
 attractive. Dr. Welch has well said of him, ‘‘To Osler nothing 
 
 22 
 
 
 
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 282 PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF OSLER—FINNEY 
 
 human was foreign.” It is a curious fact that while many praise 
 his scholarship, his ability as a physician along practical or scien- 
 tific lines and his stimulating leadership, yet all, with one accord, 
 unite in acclaiming him as a man among men. This factor played 
 a large part in the phenomenal success which has crowned his 
 career. His habit was essentially peripatetic. He never remained 
 long enough in one place to become moss-grown. He felt the need 
 and recognized the beneficial effect on his work of new surround- 
 ings and fresh pastures. He never bothered himself about the 
 past, still less about the future; the present alone interested him. 
 “Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof’ was the text from 
 which he preached many an effective sermon. 
 
 Home LIFE 
 
 The home life in the Osler household was ideal. Every one 
 will testify to this fact who was fortunate enough to have enjoyed 
 its unostentatious hospitality. The ‘‘Chief,” always interesting, 
 seemed even more so in the unconventional freedom of the home 
 atmosphere. Lady Osler made a charming hostess. Many 3a 
 homesick student will recall with pleasure her gracious kindness 
 to him, a perfect stranger, and her spontaneous and genuine 
 cordiality which made him forget himself and feel at once at home. 
 Those student Saturday night conferences in the Osler home, with 
 their close and intimate contact with Dr. and Mrs. Osler, and the 
 stimulus received there to higher planes of thought and action are 
 never to be forgotten by the happy participants. 
 
 To Dr. Osler more than to any one else was due the inaugura- 
 tion of the student conferences in the homes of the professors and 
 instructors. It was in these gatherings that the teacher came to 
 know the students personally. They formed the basis for the 
 intimate and lasting personal friendships and for the esprit de 
 corps which has always been a distinguishing characteristic of the 
 Johns Hopkins School. 
 
 INFLUENCE 
 
 As to the influence of Dr. Osler’s personality exerted through 
 his students, and the effect of his teaching and writings on medical 
 thought and education, sufficient time has not as yet elapsed to 
 admit of a just appraisal. This must be left for a future genera 
 tion, with a better perspective and a longer time to judge of results. 
 
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 PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF OsSLER—FINNEY 283 
 
 
 
 I, with a thorough realization of my inability to judge as to the 
 question of the permanent place that will be occupied by Dr. 
 Osler in medical history, nevertheless venture to express as my 
 opinion that, when the history of the time in which he lived comes 
 to be written, the record of Dr. Osler’s achievements as the fore- 
 most physician of his day, as investigator, teacher, author, his- 
 torian and man will fill a large place. 
 
 His insistence on the fundamental relation of accurate obser- 
 vation and analysis of facts to the proper study of medicine, first 
 enunciated in the French school in the early days of the last 
 century, and later emphasized and popularized by Louis, did much 
 to bring about its firm establishment in our system of medical 
 education. The emphasis that he placed on historical, biographic 
 and literary, as well as the strictly scientific subjects, has greatly 
 broadened the outlook and widened the horizon of the medical men. | 
 His influence ever tended to humanize the study of medicine and | 
 to make it more fully meet the needs of humanity, and so fulfil its | 
 high mission. iy 
 Of Dr. Osler’s literary style it has been well said that his own | ' 
 
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 estimate of some of the old writers may, with equal truth, be ap- 
 plied to him: “a rare quaintness, a love of odd conceits, and the 
 faculty of apt illustration.” There is a clarity of diction, a charm | | 
 of expression, an epigrammatic style in all his writings that stamp | 
 
 them with a certain individuality that must leave a lasting impres- i | 
 
 sion on medical literature. Indeed, it can already be observed in } 
 
 the writings of some of his former pupils. 
 
 If one were to enumerate those traits of Dr. Osler’s character 
 most likely to affect permanently medical thought and practice, 
 one would mention industry, accuracy, honesty, kindness and hu- 
 manity, as perhaps the most prominent. In his writings and teach- 
 ings, he ever dwelt on these cardinal virtues, with an intensity that 
 could not fail to have a lasting and marked effect on his students. 
 While in practice, always more potent than precept, he was a 
 living and shining example known and read of all men, of the doc- 
 trines he professed. One of Dr. Osler’s students, from among those 
 best able to judge, gives this estimate of his work: 
 
 “No one has written more sympathetically or more consis- 
 tently of the changes underlying the manifestations of disease; no 
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 284 PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF OsLER—FINNEY 
 
 known and the unknown, or sifted more judiciously and unerringly 
 the truth from error. bai 
 
 Not the least of Dr. Osler’s virtues was his ability to harmon- 
 ize opposing factions and opinions among medical brethren and 
 associates. He was ever, whether in Canada, the United States or 
 England, to be found using his great influence in the bringing to- 
 gether of warring factions, in clearing up misunderstandings, in 
 bringing harmony of action to opposing interests. This was e- 
 qually true of indiv:duals as of organizations, medical schools and 
 societies, as wel as of medical associates. Himself a friend to 
 every one, a supporter of no special faction, identified with no 
 party, he was always in a position to suggest a middle ground on 
 which both sides to any controversy could find a common meeting 
 place. He could do this because he had the confidence equally of 
 both parties to the strife, who, for this reason, and knowing full 
 well his d'sinterestedness, were usually ready to listen to his counsel 
 and follow his advice. 
 
 It was a curious coincidence, the irony of fate, which has been 
 so often observed among medical men, that Sir William should 
 himself fall a victim to one of the diseases that had engaged his 
 especial attention and had been the subject of so much study and 
 thought on his part for so many years. He contracted pneumonia, 
 that disease which he was wont so often to characterize as “the 
 old man’s friend,’’ because it provided a comparatively quick and 
 painless exitus, especially for those of advanced years. With 
 characteristic cheerfulness, a few days before his death, he sent to 
 his friends in Johns Hopkins a Christmas message of hope and 
 cheer, in which he said he was making a good fight. But all the 
 while he himself, either by intuition or with his wonderful ‘nsight 
 into disease processes, must have known and felt that the end was 
 approaching; for, shortly before his death, he wrote thus to an 
 intimate friend: “The harbour is not far off and such a happy 
 voyage, such dear companions all the way, and the future does not 
 worry. It would be nice to find ‘Isaac’ there with his friends— 
 Isaac Walton and others.’” 
 
 His system of philosophy, which he had consistently preached 
 and so faithfully practiced throughout a busy and fruitful ife, had 
 
 1MacCallum. 
 
 2“Tsaac” was the nickname that Dr. Osler used for his son, Revere, be- 
 cause he was so fond of fishing and kindred pursuits. 
 
 
 
 ——— ae - ~., . = ase 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 PERSONAL APPRECIATION OF OSLER—FINNEY 285 
 
 served him to the end. In the hour of triumph and success, it 
 had helped him to bear with becoming humility all the honours 
 that were heaped on him by an apprec ative and admiring profes- 
 sion on both sides of the Atlantic. In the hour of trial, when grief- 
 stricken and crushed to earth by the greatest of all sorrows that 
 could have come to him, the untimely death in the World War of 
 his only son, a youth of unusual promise, the pride and joy of his 
 heart, he was still able with a supreme effort to manifest that 
 “equanimity,” about the virtues of which he had so eloquently 
 discoursed in times gone by. Even ‘“‘in the valley of the shadow 
 of death,”’ this quality of equanimity, and “‘the rod and the staff,’ 
 with which he had been made familiar from his youth up, com- 
 bined to comfort him. 
 
 CONCLUSION 
 
 Thus ended a life crowded so full of good deeds and noble as- 
 pirations that there never was any room for the low, the base or 
 the sordid. So busy was he trying to wrest from Nature the keys 
 to some of her hidden mysteries, so filled with his love of humanity, 
 so understand ng of all its weaknesses, so appreciative of its 
 strength, so ready to extend a helping hand to any one in need, so 
 overflowing with hope and good cheer that it continually radiated 
 from his presence. Small wonder, then, that he was the most loved 
 of men. He was the embodiment in his own person of ‘‘ Luke, the 
 beloved physician’’ of Holy Writ, with which he was so familiar 
 and which he loved to quote, and continually did quote with such 
 happy effect. Thus he lived and thus he died, true to himself, 
 true to his philosophy, true to his traditions, having reached that 
 height for which true men have ever striven and will continue to 
 strive, and which it is granted comparatively few to attain, where 
 it can be truly sa‘d of each, ‘‘He added something to the sum total 
 of human knowledge, he left the world better for having lived in 
 i” 
 
 Nor sun, nor moon, nor stars can. shed more light on 
 humankind than one grand life. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 286 OsLER— THAYER 
 
 OSLER* 
 Wituiam S§. Toarer, M.D., LL.D. 
 
 Baltimore oa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 the accumulating tragedies of the aftermath of war gath Me 
 fatally one on another, a puzzle and a mystery to the 
 thoughtless masses whose imperfect eyes seek in vain for the cause, 
 the old dead ache that we have borne for these last interminable | 
 years, the old dead ache that it is our dream to outlive breaks out 
 now and again in new and cruel crises. Such a crisis was the death 
 of Sir William Osler, as much a tragedy of the war as if he had | ‘al 
 len by the side of his boy, “forward as fits a man.” ie 
 Son of a canon of the Church of England, born in Bond Head, 
 Ontario, in 1849, he was at the outset destined for the clergy, but 
 his inclination carried him toward medicine, and he graduated at 
 McGill University in 1872. His academic career thereafter at Mon 
 treal, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Oxford, has been fully out 
 elsewhere in this volume. Wherever he went his devotion toy 
 his remarkable power of observation, his extraordinarily qui 
 grasp of the significance of that which he saw or read, his clear v io 
 and sound, sane judgment, his simplicity and sincerity and honesty 
 impressed his colleagues and the public, and he came to be much 
 sought for as a consultant. In 1892, after a year of intensive work, 
 he published his treatise on ‘The Practice of Medicine,” which, 
 largely because of its rare personal quality, because it representec 
 the fruits of actual observation and experience, has been forsomar ay 
 years the standard text-book of medicine in America. He delivered 
 many lectures before learned societies, the Goulstonian lecture 
 1885, the Cartwright lectures in 1886, the Harveian lectur 
 1906. He published a number of short volumes on different m 
 ica! subjects—and a very large number of notes on a great var 
 of pathological conditions, and he was the author of a number 
 charming and valuable historical and biographical essays. = 
 His work in the organization of the new medical clinic ab 
 
 the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889, his insistence that, for the 
 proper care of the patient as well as for the improvement of the 
 teaching of medicine, the student should be used, as in England é 
 and France, as an assistant in the wards, and his practical abandon- 
 
 *Extracted from The Bull. Med. Chir. Fac., Maryland, 1920, xii, 78 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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 - *. 
 
 JoHN Hopxins Hospitau INTERNE STAFF, 1892. 
 
 Left to right: Standing—Drs. Carroll, John G. Clark, Werckmeister, Thomas S. Cullen, 
 Otto G. Ramsay, A. P. Oppenheimer, Chauncey Smith, George Blumer, Sydney M. 
 Cohn, Joseph C. Bloodgood, James F. Mitchell; Seated—-Drs. Wm. W. 
 
 Russell, Lewellys F. Barker, Hunter Robb, Henry M. Hurd, 
 
 William Osler, Simon Flexner, Wm. S. Thayer; Seated 
 on ground—lst unknown, Drs. Harold C. Par- 
 sons, J. Ernest Stokes, John S. Billings 
 Jr., Rupert Norton. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 OsLER—THAYER 287 
 
 ment of barren didactic methods were steps of great importance 
 in the advancement of medical instruction and in the improvement 
 of hospitals in America. These were notable achievements; they 
 have been abundantly recounted. But if one turns to the notes 
 of those who knew him and were close to him, such as the tributes 
 by eighteen of his associates in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin 
 for July, 1919, he may perhaps be struck by the lack of stress laid on 
 the scientific and material aspects of his work; for it was in the 
 human side of this man that lay his true greatness. It is probable 
 that there has, in America, been no medical man so universally 
 revered, no man whose power, whose inspiration has reached so 
 many, no man so loved. Wherein lay the secret of this power? 
 What was the manner of the man? 
 
 His father was Cornish, and Osler was a true Celt. A Celt 
 in appearance, not large, of a very dark, almost olive complexion, 
 with a rather long, drooping black mustache—a Celt in his charm- 
 
 ing vivacity and brilliancy and in his sparkling wit. Not large, 
 
 but well built, with a wiry, athletic figure, a long, swinging, active 
 gait, a peculiarly mobile face, serious and almost stern when at 
 rest, with deep, dark brown eyes with an irresistible humorous 
 twinkle; deep clear eyes, so clear that although they might some- 
 times seem unfathomable, they told at a glance of a pure, kindly, 
 loyal spirit behind. As a teacher he was wholly simple and devoid 
 of circumstance or of the least attempt at studied eloquence or 
 theatrical effect. He taught mainly by the bedside. His alert 
 eye missed little. His few, kindly, often droll words gained the 
 early confidence of the patient, and kept the student on his tiptoes. 
 His talks in the wards were replete with epigrams. The right 
 adjective, often quaint and unusual, was always on the tip of his 
 tongue, and to a rare degree he possessed the power to inspire in 
 the patient confidence, courage, and hope; in the student, enthu- 
 siasm. 
 
 The equanimity that he preached he exemplified. “Let not 
 the Crooked Things that can’t be made streight encumber you,” 
 said Cotton Mather.* Few followed this wise maxim as did 
 Osler. Of the hopeless and irritating dilemma he always saw 
 the humourous aspect and ’twas dismissed in the twinkling of an 
 eye, with the one word that might almost—indeed sometimes did— 
 accomplish the seemingly impossible. These ‘‘Oslerisms,” as his 
 
 *Manuductio ad ministerium, ete. 12°. Boston, Hancock, 1726, p. 147. 
 
 
 
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 288 OsLER—THAYER 
 
 disciples called them, were a delight to his pupils. Indeed, at 
 one time two had almost published a collection. 
 
 Plus je songe 4 la vie humaine, plus Je crois qu’il faut lui donner pour témoins 
 et pour juges |’Ironie et la Pitié, comme les Egyptiens appelaient sur leurs 
 morts la déesse Isis et la déesse Nephtys. L’Ironie et la Pitié sont deux 
 bonnes conseilliéres; l’une en souriant, nous rend la vie aimable; Yautre, qui 
 pleure, nous la rend sacrée. L’Ironie que j’invoque n’est point cruelle. Elle 
 
 ne raille pas ni l’amour ni la beauté. Elle est douce et bienveillante. Son 
 rire calme la colére, et c’est elle qui nous enselgne a nous moquer des méchants 
 
 et des sots, que nous pouvions, sans elle, avoir la faiblesse de hair.* 
 
 This gentle ‘‘Jronie,” for which we have no word in English, 
 this gentle “Ironie”’ which neither wounds nor embitters—how 
 well he understood it! In nearly thirty years of friendship, m 
 fifteen years of daily association with Osler, I never heard from his 
 lips an unkind word about a brother practitioner. He saw and 
 appealed to the best in every man. More than this, no one could 
 speak ill of his neighbour in his presence. He who forgot himself 
 once never did so again. One evening among the group of students 
 who gathered about his table on Saturdays, an old college mate 
 began to ridicule a coleague. In a moment Osler turned, and 
 pointing to the photograph over his fireplace, said: “Do you not 
 think that Innsbriick statue of King Arthur a fine figure?” The 
 colleague flushed, the students shivered, the subject changed. 
 And it was ever so. 
 
 He loved his fellow men and they loved him. His table was 
 always filled with passing guests: colleagues from a distant point, 
 the country doctor, the student who, coming to visit the clinic, 
 was stunned to find himself carried away to luncheon with the 
 great man that he had expected only to listen to from afar. “The 
 master word in medicine,’”’ he said in one of his most beautiful 
 addresses, “‘is work.” But efficient work, he says in another, 
 means inevitably system. He knew not idleness, and he put into 
 his life and maintained in a manner which can only be described 
 as masterful, a remarkable system. 
 
 At seven he rose; breakfast before eight. At a few minutes be- 
 fore nine he entered the hospital door. After a morning greeting 
 to the superintendent, humming gaily, with arm passed through 
 that of his assistant, he started with brisk, springing step down the 
 corridor toward: the wards. The other arm, if not waving gay o 
 humourous greetings to nurses or students as they passed, was 
 
 *Anatole France: Le Jardin d’ Epicure, p. 121. 
 
 
 
 
 
Se lll 
 
 OsLER—THAYER 289 
 
 thrown around the neck or passed through the arm of another 
 colleague or assistant, and by the time the ward was reached, the 
 little group had generally grown like a small avalanche. 
 
 The visit over, to the private ward. For the many convales- 
 cents, or the nervous invalid whose mind needed diversion from 
 self, some lively, droll greeting or absurd remark or preposterous 
 and puzzling invention, and away to the next in an explosion of 
 merriment, often amid the laughing but vain appeals of the patient 
 for an opportunity to retaliate. For those who were gravely ill, 
 few words, but a charming and reassuring manner. Then, running 
 the gauntlet of a group of friends or colleagues or students or 
 assistants, all with problems to discuss, he escaped. How? 
 Heaven only knows! 
 
 A cold luncheon, always ready, shortly after one. Twenty 
 minutes rest in his room; then his afternoon hours. At half past 
 four, in the parlour opposite his consulting room, the clans began 
 to gather, graciously received by dear ‘‘Mrs. Chief,” as Lady 
 Osler was affectionately known. Soon the ‘Chief” entered with a | 
 a familiar greeting for all. It was an anxious moment for those ene i 
 who had been waiting long for the word that they had been seeking H : 
 
 
 
 with him. After five or ten minutes he would rise, and perhaps 
 beckon to the lucky man to follow him to his study. More often 
 he slipped quietly from the room and in a minute reappeared at 
 the door in his overcoat, hat in hand. A gay wave of the hand, 
 ‘“‘Goodbye,”’ and he was off to his consultations. 
 
 Dinner at seven, to which, impartially and often, his assistants 
 were invited. In the evening he did no set work, and retired early | 
 to his study where, his wife by the fire, he signed letters and cleared ot 
 up the affairs of the day. Between ten and eleven o’clock, to Ha 
 bed. Such were his days. Three mornings in the week he took ; 
 at home for work. He utilized every minute of his time. Much | 
 of his summer vacation went to his studies. On railway, in cab, Ne | | 
 on his way to and from consultations, in tramways, and in the old at 
 “bob-tailed” car that used to carry us to the hospital, book and 
 pencil were ever in his hand, and wherever he was, the happy . 
 thought was caught on the wing and noted down. His ability 
 at a glance to grasp and to remember the gist of the article that | 
 he read was extraordinary. at |\| 
 
 His power to hold the mastery of his time was remarkable. ann 
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 290 OsLER—THAYER 
 
 The kindliest of men, he would willingly have given more time to 
 others had it been his. It was not. There was but one moment 
 in the day in which he could talk to his assistants and colleagues 
 of their affairs, tea-time, and that which followed, if, by chance 
 there were no outside consultation. When could one see him for 
 a minute? “At tea”; and generally there were outside consulta- 
 tions. Men tried to catch him at other times. It was impossible. 
 No one could hold him. He escaped as by magic, but so graci- 
 ously, so engagingly that, despair though one might, he could 
 hardly be irritated. No one could speak consecutively to Osler 
 against his will. How did he do it? I know not. For the great 
 world he had no time. He gave none to society. But at medical 
 meetings and at gatherings of his colleagues, he was a constant 
 attendant and a central figure. Too often these gatherings 
 trailed on to late hours, but before one knew it, by ten o’clock he 
 was gone. 
 
 His humour was irrepressible. It cropped out in everything, 
 Now it was in medical articles, published under an amusing 
 pseudonym, which were excruciatingly funny—reports of amazing 
 cases, subjects which could lead no man astray, but have been 
 seriously and solemnly quoted. Now it was a sly thrust at a 
 colleague in the absurd title of a medical paper which mysteriously 
 found its way into the programme of a society meeting. Now it 
 was the elaborately prepared counterfeit of a new journal, presented 
 at a dinner, with a whole table of contents which brought horror 
 to the hearts of the victims—and the rest a blank. His assistants 
 had always to be on their guard. The genial practical jokes 
 played on his friends were endless, and so notorious that, alas, 
 they have grown sadly with repetition. In a tight place he would 
 pass under his nom de plume, unknown to the puzzled bore who 
 had sought to nail him down. His generosity to his assistants 
 was unending, and almost every gift, every act of kindness was 
 accompanied by some droll and often really humorous mystifica- 
 tion. 
 
 Wherever Osler went the charm of his personality brought 
 
 men‘ together; for the good in all men he saw, and as friends of 
 
 Osler all men met in peace. Under his inspiration the Medical 
 
 and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland took on a new life, and a new 
 
 harmony reigned among all about him. | 
 Throughout all his life Osler was a student of the lives of 
 
 
 

 
 OsLER—THAYER 291 
 
 those who had gone before. Biography was to him of compelling 
 interest, and in his numerous biographical essays, some of which 
 have been collected in ‘‘An Alabama Student,” he stimulated in 
 his students a reverence for the great names of medicine, and an 
 interest, sometimes as deep as his own, in the search for the 
 recondite in the history of our art. 
 
 But above all this Osler was a scholar. In early life he had 
 given little time to the classics. But few men have lived more 
 completely in the atmosphere of the great minds of the past. An 
 insatiate reader, his memory was remarkable, and the timely and 
 happy quotation was always on his lips. Nightly, for half an 
 hour, he communed with that which was best in literature. He 
 loved books, and early laid the foundations of the great collection 
 which was his at the time of his death—a collection, at the out- 
 set, of the first editions and early publications of the masters of 
 medicine and later of like treasures in all branches of science and 
 the humanities. At the time of his death he had accomplished 
 the impossible—Osler, doctor of medicine and practitioner of 
 his art, was president of the British Classical Association. 
 
 His occasional addresses, collectd in part in “ Auquanimitas 
 and Other Addresses,’”’ were the mirror of his own ideals and his 
 own character. Written in an engaging and forceful style, they 
 contain much that is beautiful. But that which is more beautiful 
 and more impressive than the words is the thought that Osler 
 lived and practised to the letter the precepts that he preached. 
 He rarely spoke of himself, but at the great farewell dinner in 
 New York he talked briefly and touchingly of his ideals. These 
 ideals he realized. 
 
 Some have criticized Osler for his reluctance to enter into com- 
 bat against that of which, in his heart, he disapproved; some were 
 inclined to regard him as one who shunned disagreeable complica- 
 tions rather than facing them. Osler did hate and shun useless 
 strife, but when the time came—and he was a very wise judge of 
 the proper moment—no one was more fearless or more outspoken 
 than he, as more than one of his colleagues may remember. When 
 the word must be spoken, he was ready to speak it regardless of 
 what it might mean for himself. 
 
 His home life could scarcely have been more beautiful, and 
 Lady Osler was no less dear than he to the immense circle that 
 came to call them their friends. In Britain as in America, Osler’s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 292 OsLER—IHAYER 
 
 charm and brilliancy, his learning and his skill brought him the 
 same universal affection and respect. He was made a baronet, a 
 deserved honour. His house at Oxford became the Mecca of 
 Americans. His hospitality knew no bounds. Sometimes forty 
 or fifty guests would gather for afternoon tea. 
 
 There was but one child, Edward Revere Osler, a lad of but 
 ten when they left America. In this boy Osler’s life was centred. 
 Always attractive and fond of outdoor life, he developed into a 
 singularly charming character, with an interest in and an under- 
 standing of that which is beautiful in art and literature rare in 
 one of hisage. He began to collect books and to collect them intel- 
 ligently. To his father this development was an inexpressible 
 joy. | 
 
 Surrounded by honours and love abroad, and with perfect hap- 
 piness at home, a figure of growing significance among his col- 
 leagues of the old university, active in his profession and in the 
 gathering and cataloguing of his wonderful library, the sky was 
 clear—and the war came. 
 
 Whole-heartedly and without a bitter word, he gave himself 
 as ever to the duties of the hour. In the medical department 
 of the army his advice was sought on all manner of questions. 
 He was consultant to a number of hospitals and in our hours of 
 hesitation and delay he was active in stimulating his old students 
 to come to the aid of those who were fighting our battles. Lady 
 Osler was no less active than he. The boy first worked at a hos- 
 pital in France, then entered the Training Corps, joined the 
 artillery, and left for the front. It was a strange picture, this man 
 who all his life had been the apostle of “Unity, Peace and Con- 
 cord” (“ Aiquanimitas and Other Addresses,” p. 447) flung sud- 
 denly with all that was nearest and dearest into the vortex of 
 war. True to his own precepts he consumed his own smoke; 
 there was never a lament or a complaint. But in his letters to 
 those near to him the ever present anxiety for his boy was mani- 
 fested by the inevitable reference made in brave, cheerful words 
 to the sword that hung over their heads. 
 
 In August, 1917, cruelly wounded, Revere died, cared for, 
 mercifully, by dear friends who chanced to be at his side. The 
 blow Osler bore with calm dignity and beauty. The old life con- 
 tinued; his house, as ever, was open to all. In the last year of his 
 life over sixteen hundred guests sat at his hospitable board, But 
 
 
 
OsLER—THAYER 293 
 
 it was a crushing blow from which he never recovered, and it 
 killed that exuberant vitality which had promised so many long 
 and fertile years. With the same old cordiality he greeted his 
 friends, with the same outward air of enthusiasm he went about 
 his many activities. His address as president of the Classical | 
 Association was a contribution in which those who strive for the ef 
 maintenance of high standards of scholarship in medicine will long a 
 take comfort. 
 
 The twelfth of July was his seventieth birthday. Two 
 volumes of contributions to the medical sciences prepared in his | 
 honour by pupils and friends were presented to him by his col- a 
 league Sir Clifford Allbutt. His old students and companions | 
 in Baltimore united in dedicating their affectionate tributes to the i 
 beloved master. Testimonials of gratitude and affection poured | 
 in upon him from al] sides. On few in their lifetime has such 
 honour and love been showered. He was deeply moved. But his 
 heart was broken. And when the test came, the old bodily vigour | 
 and resistance were gone. a )\ 
 
 In his last days he remembered as ever his associates of former vee 
 years. Week by week he dictated or wrote letters from his sick- 1 i! 
 bed first to one and then to another of his old friends. And when | i 
 he could no longer write he asked those by him to write in his stead. aul 4) 
 
 He was a keen observer, a brilliant clinician. His contribu- cee 
 tions to medicine and medical education were important. He was 
 a great teacher. But his main strength lay in the singular and i 
 unique charm of his presence, in the sparkling brilliancy of his ‘ 
 mind, in the rare beauty of his character and of his life, and in the ‘ 
 example that he set to his fellows and to his students. He was a | 
 quickening spirit. 
 
 At the meeting following his death, the Medical and Chirur- 
 gical Faculty of Maryland adopted this minute: 
 
 Died 
 on 29th December, 1919, at Oxford, 
 
 
 
 The gap which his absence leaves among us will forever be warmed by the 
 glow of that all-embracing love which radiated from his presence like a halo 
 of light, and brought to all about him something of the peace that now is his. 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER, Baronet. 1 
 
 Physician, teacher, guide, lover of his fellow man. Ay 
 
 Noble exemplar of charity and tolerance and temperance and work and Hy 
 Ove; Th! 
 Untiring stimulator and generous benefactor of this Society ; i at 
 _Whose sparkling wit and genial, subtle humour smoothed the rough way Rou 
 
 of life for so many weary spirits; bi 
 ose presence banished discord and suspicion. Mt 
 
 
 
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 2904 REMINISCENCES OF SiR WILLIAM OSLER—EMERSON 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 (Jouns Hopxins PrEriop) 
 
 Cuaries P, Emerson, B.A., M.D. 
 
 Indianapolis, Indiana 
 
 a was my privilege first to meet Sir William Osler, then Professor 
 
 Osler, one evening of September, 1895, in Levering Hall, at a 
 reception given by the faculty of the Johns Hopkins University 
 to the newly matriculated students. He sent an upper classman 
 to find and to bring me to him. That was just like him. He 
 knew how much that would please a young man. Doubtless he 
 met that evening in just that manner all of those medical students 
 who had recently been introduced to him by letter, and doubtless 
 we all felt equally flattered. He was standing alone beside a long 
 table. I remember that he wore a dark grey Prince Albert coat. 
 His greeting was quiet, yet cordial. Almost his first words were, 
 “Mrs. Osler is expecting you.” He said very little, but he looked 
 me over with an expression of very keen scrutiny, yet one which 
 did not offend since it also was so friendly. It was an expression 
 which I have never forgotten. I never saw a face like his. We 
 often wondered if what we read there was the product of our imagi- 
 nation begotten of our admiration and affection; but the answer 
 came seven years later in Paris. He had not seen the hospitals of 
 that city for several years and so visited several. We entered the 
 outpatient department of one in the morning while the medical 
 clinic was at its busiest. This occupied a large single room in 
 which were crowded doctors, students and the patients, both 
 those being cared for and those awaiting their turn. Four patients 
 just then were being examined, each in a different part of the room 
 and each surrounded by a group of doctors and students. No 
 one there knew Dr. Osler; no one of them had any idea who this 
 stranger was. He was not introduced; in fact, he did not speak 
 a word; and yet from the time he entered the room it was evident 
 that many of the doctors there were interested in him. As he 
 moved about the examinations stopped, the groups opened and 
 the doctors signified by gestures that he was welcome to examine 
 the patients. He was there not over ten minutes. When I held 
 the door open for him and Dr. Jacobs to pass out, looking back I 
 
 
 

 
 REMINISCENCES OF SiR WILLIAM OsLER—EMERSON 295 
 
 noticed that all the work in the room had stopped and that many 
 were following him with inquiring eyes as he passed through the 
 door. Two evenings later the interne group of another hospital, 
 which he had visited that evening, spoke of him frequently during 
 the dinner with admiration, using such phrases as “ What a re- 
 markable face”, “‘What sympathy’! I had for weeks belonged 
 to that interne group and am sure that until that day they had 
 known of Dr. Osler scarcely more than his name. I am also sure 
 it was not their custom to speak enthusiastically of visiting doctors, 
 especially of those from other countries. 
 
 A few days after that first reception an invitation to dine 
 came from Mrs. Osler. The doctor, as was his custom, had a 
 book beside his plate which he opened frequently during the 
 meal, read a little and commented on what he read. Before he 
 began one could not but be a little surprised to note that the 
 book of that evening’s dinner was Alexander Cruden’s Concordance 
 to the Holy Scriptures. It soon developed, however, that Dr. 
 Osler’s interest was in the introductory chapter which contained 
 the story of the life of Cruden, a story which gave concrete il- 
 lustrations of the treatment which some patients with nervous 
 and mental troubles had received two centuries ago. Dr. Osler 
 frequently emphasized the importance of an accurate knowledge 
 of the history of medicine if one is to understand the medicine 
 of his own day; and also, if one is to understand the medicine of 
 any given period, the importance of some knowledge of what the 
 men of that period were thinking about and what they were doing. 
 He asked me what I had been reading and got a very discouraging 
 reply. He said “ You should at once read Milton’s Areopagitica”’. 
 The reason for this advice to one interested in medicine was 
 at first not evident, but now it is very clear. It was at that 
 same dinner that we first heard him say that young medical men 
 should make an early start in and do the bulk of their research 
 work, that is, of their constructive work, before they were forty 
 years of age; that after that is the time to publish it and to teach. 
 He expressed this opinion in various ways during the following 
 years, and very good advice it is to young men who are just be- 
 ginning their University careers. 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Osler frequently entertained at dinner the 
 members of his staff, and those hours were of rich value to each 
 of their guests. He always led the conversation and on a very 
 
 
 
 
 
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 996 REMINISCENCES OF SIR WILLIAM OsLER—EMERSON 
 
 high level. While we learned much of the history and literature 
 of medicine, of the men whom he had known, of the various 
 universities with which he had been connected, yet he inquired 
 much of our lives, work, ambitions, etc. and discussed our futures 
 at length. Young men who have worked together for some years - 
 are often inclined to gossip or to make critical remarks of mutual = 
 acquaintances but if we did at that table we were very certain to 
 receive a quick and sometimes a stern rebuke. Pointing toaspot 4 
 (blank) on the wall just near the ceiling he would say, “Do you 
 not see that motto up there? ‘Never say here of others what you | 
 would not say were they present’”. He was a very accurate judge 
 
 tr 
 
 of men and we knew just about how he felt of some, but we never 
 
 heard him speak unkindly of a single person no matter how much 
 we knew they might merit it. ‘ne 
 
 Dr. Osler was a born teacher, but his ability in that line xs 
 was quite as much the result of the hard discipline to which he 
 had subjected himself. He frequently mentioned this in order 
 
 . Si ) 
 
 to encourage us. He studied his assistants very carefully, diss 
 covered their weak points and tried to help us to correct them. 
 He discovered mine very early, and during the five years that I J 
 was on his staff he frequently during ward-round made remarks — 
 concerning patients which I knew were in part intended for me. — 
 In teaching he seldom used the lecture method. Instead, he dis- 
 cussed graphically just what the history and the examination of - 
 the patient under discussion suggested. The patient was not a — 
 text suggesting a sermon; the patient was the sermon. He insisted, — 
 as he demonstrated, that the students should confirm all the A 
 evidence he presented. His clinics were interesting because of 
 his wide knowledge of human nature, of literature, of the history 
 of medicine, even of veterinary medicine, and it must be admitted | ga 
 that these cross-references to animal pathology did make much 
 clearer some of the problems of human pathology. Very frequent- — 
 ly at the bedside of an interesting case he would mention similar 
 cases reported even in ancient as well as in modern. medical liter- 
 ature, and he quoted specific cases accurately; he did not refer 
 
 to them in an indefinite manner. He often said that we must 
 increase our experience by that of many others, since no one man’s 
 
 can be a sufficient guide; it must be compared with and judged in 
 
 the light of that great mass of medical experience of which we have 
 accurate record. In this connection he frequently quoted the 
 first aphorism of Hippocrates, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
eat ane ” 
 eg ee eee ee 
 
 * 
 i 
 
 
 
 Dr. OSLER AND Dr. HURD WITH INTERNES OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL, CLASS 1898. 
 
 Left to right: Standing—Arthur W. Elting, Millard Langfeld, Walter R. Steiner, Georgiana 
 Sands, J. H. Mason Knox, Emma E.-Walker, Katherine Porter, Benjamin R. Schenck, 
 Frank A. Lupton, Alfred B. Herrick, Mary S. Johnstone, Gertrude U. Light, 
 
 Wm. W. Ford, Harry T. Marshall, Percy M. Dawson, John W. Coe, 
 
 Thomas W. Hastings, Delia O’Connell, Wm. S. Baer, 
 
 Joseph H. Pratt; Seated—Drs. Cox, Osler, Henry 
 
 M. Hurd and Patrick J. Cassidy. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF SiR WILLIAM OSLER—\IMERSON 297 
 
 Diagnosis, in his opinion, is based fundamentally on the 
 patient’s history and physical examination, the latter assisted by 
 whatever the clinical laboratories have to offer; the physical 
 examination itself does not require elaborate apparatus but ‘‘the 
 seeing eye, the hearing ear, the sensitive fingers and the under- 
 standing mind’, Given these and you need very little apparatus 
 other than your stethescope and ophthalmoscope. ‘‘ Always have 
 these in your pocket’’, or ‘‘ Never allow yourselves to become dis- 
 associated from these’’, was his advice to the medical students. 
 
 Dr. Osler appreciated very highly the laboratory side of 
 medicine. He was well trained in pathology and clinical micro- 
 scopy and urged his assistants to study biochemistry in all its 
 relations to medicine. When he visited the laboratories of his de- 
 partment, and he did this quite regularly, he always came as a 
 student asking what we had to show him. But to him internal 
 medicine was an art, an art to be aided by science but primarily 
 an art to be acquired in the wards. He frequently warned us of 
 the danger of too much laboratory work and urged us to “stick to 
 the wards always”; laboratories, a secondary interest. The arts 
 of{medicine are to be acquired by long practice which is to be 
 checked up in the laboratories. How different this is from the 
 modern point of view that the internist is first of all an experi- 
 mental physiologist and such an one can pick up the clinical side 
 easily whenever he desires to. One could not but be convinced 
 of the accuracy of this opinion by watching Dr. Osler at his work. 
 He was a splendid diagnostician and yet after he had made a 
 diagnosis remarkable for its accuracy, we would find on reviewing 
 it that it was based on details which we could easily have perceived 
 had we been more attentive, or on signs which we did see but did 
 nor properly evaluate. Diagnosis to him was a personal problem 
 so far as the patient is concerned and could not be made primarily 
 from a collection of reports from as many different laboratories, 
 valuable though these might be and indispensable for a complete 
 understanding of the case. 
 
 Perhaps he was at his best as teacher in the dispensary 
 clinie with the Junior class. He did not care to know in advance 
 anything of the patients to be presented except that they promised 
 to be interesting; he wished, rather, “to be in the same boat’ 
 with the students so far as these particular patients were con- 
 cerned. Then he could “think out loud” as he and the students 
 
 23 
 
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 998 REMINISCENCES OF Sir WILLIAM OSLER—EMERSON 
 
 worked out the cases together. While it is true that he must 
 originally have had a good memory, yet we doubt that that alone is 
 the explanation of his ability to refer years later to patients 
 assigned us whom we had long since forgotten. The truth seems 
 rather to have been that certain patients meant something very 
 definite to him; that each of these added some one or more specific 
 ‘tems to his experience. In other words, his medical knowledge 
 was not the usual hazy memory of a multitude of observations, all 
 fused together into a composite picture and none clearly remem- 
 bered, but the accurate recollection of the exact details of those 
 patients whose cases were worth remembering. He emphasized 
 the importance of this accurate recollection of individual patients 
 so strongly that perhaps more than one student had the habit 
 of drawing on his case cards a rough picture of each patient’s 
 face in order better to remember the person whose heart, or liver, 
 or feet were diseased. 
 
 We never caught him “bluffing”, and woe to any student 
 who should attempt to bluff him, for the class usually was treated 
 to a hearty laugh at this student’s expense. He was one of the 
 few men who said often “I don’t know” and he frequently would 
 appeal for information or correction to those assistants and students 
 whom he knew had recently been studying the problem under 
 discussion, giving each one full credit for his assistance. 
 
 His manner with the patients was delightful. Their eyes — 
 followed him about the ward; they would see him but for a few 
 minutes each, but they realized that he was their friend. The 
 most cutting rebuke we ever heard him give a clinical clerk was 
 on one occasion when this senior student read during ward rounds 
 at the bedside of a young woman certain details of her history 
 which she had given this student supposedly in confidence. In 
 the outpatient department one sometimes saw the pathetic yet 
 amusing sight of foreigners striving earnestly to find him and to 
 attract his attention, often assisted by young children who could 
 talk some English and whom they pushed about in much the same 
 way that boys will handle a dog which they are urging to follow 
 some scent. 
 
 Concerning his private consulting practice we should speak but 
 briefly since we seldom came directly in touch with it. We realize 
 that he saw but few of those who desired consultation and that ex- 
 cepting in the case of medical men and their families he chose 
 
 
 

 
 REMINISCENCES OF SIR WILLIAM OsSLER—EMERSON 299 
 
 carefully those he would see. He avoided consultations concerning 
 nervous and mental troubles because (he told us), ‘they took too 
 much out of him’’. One day when I called late in the afternoon 
 I found his secretary laughing about a man who had Just left the 
 room. He had come from Georgia just for a consultation, she said, 
 but he had made no previous appointment and evidently had a 
 condition which did not interest the doctor since twice he refused to 
 see him. But the man insisted. Believing that in addition to 
 his nervous trouble his feet presented a condition which might 
 make his case more interesting (evidently his home doctor had 
 coached him) he bared his foot and stuck it through the door of 
 the consultation room where an examination was then in progress, 
 saying ‘Look Dr. Osler, don’t you see what an interesting case 
 Iam?” Dr. Osler examined him that afternoon. We found out 
 also later, while acting superintendent of the Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital, that it had been his rule to make no charge for any 
 consultations in the private wards. He was entitled to such fees, 
 but refused them saying that he desired to build up the patronage 
 of that hospital. He did, and a rich heritage he left to those who 
 followed. Dr. Osler devoted relatively little time to consultation 
 work and appeared not to consider it as a major interest. We often 
 wondered what would have happened had he had an ambition to 
 build up a rich practice. 
 
 Dr. Osler’s interest in his students and assistants was deep 
 and genuine. In addition to the various teas, dinners and other 
 social events to which many were invited he, for several years, 
 met at his home each Saturday evening from eight until at least 
 half past ten o’clock the Senior medical group and discussed their 
 ward patients with them. In this way every member of that 
 class came in very direct personal touch with him. The students 
 were his first interest. When the Surgical building of the Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital was opened elaborate exercises were planned to 
 which many guests were invited. Since some of the meetings were 
 to be held in the lecture room on the first floor, and this was a 
 room of limited capacity, the question at once arose, of the crowd 
 of guests, faculty, Baltimore physicians and medical students who 
 would seek admission, to whom should be given preference? In 
 Dr. Hurd’s absence the arrangement of these meetings had devolved 
 upon us. In our quandary we appealed to Dr. Osler who without a 
 moment of hesitation said “Guests first, medical students next, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 200 REMINISCENCES OF Sip WitLiIAM OsSLER—EMERSON 
 
 let the faculty and doctors shift for themselves”. ‘Why, of 
 course,” he added, “this building was built for the students.” 
 
 I think all of his assistants will agree that his rule was to 
 try to find out how much he could help them rather than how 
 much they could assist him. He outlined our work for us; he 
 advised us, loaned us his journals and books, took us with him to 
 medical meetings, arranged our work in that school so that we could 
 study also in other Universities and sent us at his personal expense 
 to distant medical meetings, even to the Pacific Coast. He did 
 not believe that we should study too long in distant clinics. He 
 said, ‘Keep your sheet anchor at home. Go abroad to study for 
 five months but come right home and develop and teach what you 
 learned. I’ll give you six months’ leave of absence out of each year 
 for as many years as you will go.” He censored our writing and 
 obtained publishers for us. He sometimes distributed our re- 
 prints. In the case of one large report published from his clinic 
 he had a copy of it bound beautifully and presented it to its author. 
 Surely the most graceful compliment possible. He was exceedingly 
 proud of any little achievement we mi ght win. If we met with any 
 success, his note of congratulation was the first to arrive; if we 
 mourned a relative, his telegram of sympathy was the first to 
 come; was a relative ill, he would inquire of his health even years 
 later. Did we write him, we received an early reply. His motto 
 seemed to have been, Do the kind thing and do it first. 
 
 There was very little formality in his manner. If you were 
 near him he would take you by the arm as you walked together 
 through the wards. If he saw you at a distant window he would 
 wave his hand to you. He always made you feel his equal. Driv- 
 ing with you in an open vehicle he often would sit on the left side. 
 In one city where it did matter he waved the assistant’s protest 
 aside, saying “‘Oh never mind, let the crowd think I am your 
 country cousin.” He was very democratic. On the day when, 
 after his resignation from the Johns Hopkins University, he 
 visited the hospital for the last time before sailing to England, 
 while parting with the crowd of doctors and students who filled 
 the corridors, he recognized at a little distance two scrub women 
 at work. He at once and much to their embarrassment went out 
 of his way to say goodby to them also. 
 
 Dr. Osler frequently advised us to make friends of children, 
 
 for, said he, “That is the way to keep your own minds young.” 
 
 
 
REMINISCENCES OF SiR WILLIAM OsLER—EmeERSON 301 vy | 
 
 This may possibly throw some light on the following incident: An 
 assistant of his met on a Transatlantic liner a physician from a 
 Western State. This physician said that the previous year he 
 had attended the International Medical Congress. On the boat 
 over were many physicians and, among them, Dr. Osler. These 
 doctors congratulated themselves on their good fortune and 
 looked forward to delightful hours discussing medical problems 
 with him. But not once could they engage him in a sentence of 
 serious conversation. ‘‘ What did he do?” ‘‘ Why, he spent every 
 day directing the games of the children on board, organized their 
 tournaments, acted as referee of their foot races, etc. I never 
 saw such a man.” 
 
 Mrs. Osler and he welcomed us to their home at four o’clock 
 tea. At five o’clock the doctor would rise saying, ‘‘I have an 
 important engagement’’ and would leave the house in the carriage 
 waiting at the door. It later developed that this “important en- 
 gagement”’ at that hour was in his corner of the reading room of 
 the Maryland Medico-Chirurgical Library. Dr. Osler was a great 
 reader of current medical literature. He evidently read but a few of 
 the articles word for word and those he chose very carefully; but 
 he perused all. He would say to the Senior class “Get the habit 
 of reading journals; always have one in your pocket in case you Hie 
 have a spare five minutes. If you can’t read the articles, at va Mi 
 least read the index. That will tell you what wide-awake medical Peat 
 men are thinking about.” He was a faithful attendant at the || 
 medical meetings and often inquired why his students and assist- abla | 
 ants did not go oftener. Even on a stormy night when but a vali): 
 handful were present he was there as a conscientious duty. Surely 
 that was the only reason which brought him to some of those 
 meetings. 
 
 Dr. Osler lost less time than any person we have known and 
 he never allowed anyone to waste it for him. He seemed to make 
 a careful budget of his hours and lived according to this budget. 
 It was indeed difficult to get him to change his schedule. He was 
 very punctual. That was a matter of conscience with him. He 
 expected others to be just as punctual. He appeared at his 
 clinics five minutes before the hour. This was true of all his en- 
 gagements. When he was through with one appointment he was 
 at once off to the next. At his home, while he was very easy of 
 access, always very cordial, very interested in what we had to say 
 
 et ee eee 
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 ee a alae ee ee ee 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 202 REMINISCENCES OF Sip WILLIAM OsLER—EMERSON 
 
 and very helpful, yet we knew at once when it was time to go. He 
 did this in such a kindly way that I never knew of anyone resenting 
 it. I remember a professor of Medicine from a distant school, 
 who was not lacking in self-esteem, who called on Dr. Osler for 
 the first time one afternoon when the doctor was very busy. We 
 met the visitor that evening, “ Yes,” he said, ‘‘I found him delight- 
 ful, but after a few minutes I was bowed out of the room in a most 
 positive manner. Later I thought I ought to get angry about it 
 but I couldn’t; he was so nice about it all and I can see that he 
 was right.” Dr. Osler was very careful later to more than make 
 up to him for the brevity of that first call. 
 
 Dr. Osler had every indication of a man with a high temper 
 but who had schooled himself to splendid self-control. I do not 
 remember a single remark of his which he or others would later 
 need regret. We can speak feelingly, for on several occasions 
 we deserved his criticism or rebuke, but received neither. “Oh, 
 never mind” he said, “It is all right, come let’s look in that 
 book-store and see if there are any good bargains there.” His 
 self-control was well tested once at a Railroad Station in Paris. 
 His train was about to leave and the hotel porter had not yet ar- 
 rived bringing his tickets and hand baggage. He should not lose 
 that train for that would mean missing a boat which he and Mrs. - 
 Osler, who at almost that same hour was leaving London, were to 
 take. He walked up and down the platform alongside the train 
 visibly disturbed and yet able to engage in a delightful and helpful 
 conversation with his assistant. When but five minutes remained 
 before the train was to leave he asked us to look all around the out- 
 side of the station to see if we could find the porter. The latter 
 was found standing at the ticket gate in a very agitated condition. 
 He ran to the train. The doctor merely said in a kindly voice, 
 “T believe we agreed to meet on the platform,” gave him a gold 
 tip and a friendly goodby. 
 
 During his last few years in Baltimore his health was by no 
 means good and he fatigued easily. This evidently was the 
 result of an attack of influenza, the effects of which he felt for 
 several years. Formerly it had been no easy matter to follow him 
 in his ward rounds but later he visited fewer wards each day and 
 sat by the bedside as he discussed the patients. That illness, 
 however, was not a calamity to his Baltimore assistants, aS Was 
 evident one day when, referring to a recent very flattering invita- 
 
 
 
RR 
 
 EMERSON 303 
 
 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF Sir WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 tion from a Scotch University, he said, ‘That attack of influenza 
 took all my snap; if it had not been for that things would now be 
 quite different, for I probably would have accepted that invita- 
 tion.” 
 
 After he left Baltimore his interest in all his former assistants 
 continued. He, busy as he was, frequently put us to shame by 
 being a much better correspondent than was at least one of his 
 former assistants. Until the War each Christmas brought its 
 little personal gift. His notes then were brief, usually dictated, 
 but at the end of each were a few personal words written with his 
 pen. 
 
 It is indeed a great privilege to have been associated with 
 Sir William Osler, the great internist, man eminent in his scholar- 
 ship but still more because of his wonderful friendship to even the 
 humblest of those who had been associated with him. Many of 
 his splendid gifts were undoubtedly a part of his inherited endow- 
 ment, and these we can merely admire, but some of them, and these 
 we believe were necessary to his success, were the result of careful one 
 self-training. The inspiration he aroused in all his assistants to . 
 attempt to acquire these is the splendid legacy he left to the young } 
 men who for years had lovingly called him * ‘The Chief.”’ 
 
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 Student Reminiscences—Fobns Wopkins Period 
 
 Notr:—The following are from some of those who served as 
 internes or worked as undergraduate or postgraduate students 
 here during the time of Osler’s service, 
 
 A Few Reminiscences of Sir William Osler’s Baltimore Period 
 
 HE first time that I ever saw Sir William—then better known as 
 ‘‘Osler’’—is as clear in my mind as if it were yesterday. I had re- 
 turned from a two years’ stay in Europe, just in time to be present at 
 the formal opening of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. On the morning of 
 the opening day, I was standing at one of the windows of the administra- 
 tion building watching the arrival of the various celebrities who were to 
 participate in the exercises. Presently a landau drove up and from it 
 emerged the late Doctor Halsted, groomed, if possible, more correctly in 
 every detail than usual. He was followed by a man whom I had never 
 seen—a man of medium build, perfectly attired, whose most conspicu- 
 ous characteristics were his sallow complexion, a very black, drooping 
 moustache and a noticeably kind and merry eye. ‘“Who’s that?” | 
 asked. ‘Osler, our new professor of medicine” came the reply. I had 
 of course known of Osler through his early work both at McGill and at 
 Pennsylvania, but had never seen him. I lost no time in making the 
 acquaintance of the man whose physical appearance had attracted me so 
 strongly, and I was not disappointed. He was different in every particu- 
 lar from any medical man whom I had met up to that time. His catho- 
 licity of interests made him a most delightful companion, at home in any 
 society. Among medical men, talking shop, he shone with a brilliancy 
 that I never saw even partially eclipsed, though he made no pretense at 
 oratory. Among general scholars he held his own so easily and with such 
 charming grace that one often wondered how he found the time to keep 
 abreast of medical progress. 
 
 In the Hospital, in the Clinic, in the Dispensary he was always known 
 as “the Chief;” and well did we to call him “Chief,” for as a leader he 
 was a chieftain of matchless qualities. 
 
 His technique of teaching, if such an expression be permissible, was 
 altogether unlike anything with which most of us had been familiar. 
 Never for a moment was it of the cut and dried didactic, dogmatic sort, 
 never of such character as to encourage the dependence of the student 
 upon the teacher; but always designed to force the student to see, learn 
 and think for himself. Never was he too occupied or too obsessed by his 
 own views to discuss in full any matters in connection with cases in point 
 on which he and his pupils may have had differences of opinion, for it 
 must be realized that for a mind as big as Osler’s, differences of opinion 
 were never taboo; in fact, they were encouraged as opportunities for 
 profitable philosophical and technical debate. 
 
 The explanation of Osler’s position in medicine as a Court of Last 
 Appeal is undoubtedly due to his secure foundation in general pathology, 
 and his extraordinary ability to visualize and interpret correctly the re- 
 lationships between pathological conditions and the clinical symptoms 
 manifested by the patient before him. Inso far as my memory serves me, 
 he saw the completed autopsy on practically every patient that died in 
 his wards, as well as those on patients from the other departments of the 
 Hospital. Not only did he witness such autopsies, but frequently took 
 
 304 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 REMINISCENCES, JOHNS Hopkins PERiop—A. C. ABBotrr 305 
 
 part in them personally. He was most insistent that his staff and his 
 students attend all post mortem examinations in order that, where differ- 
 ences of opinion might have arisen, all could see the exact conditions 
 within the body, and thereby reach justifiable conclusions. 
 
 For a time after his arrival at the Hospital, he was quartered on the 
 third floor of the administration building, though he was not often to be 
 found in his room. When not actually in bed and asleep, he was usually 
 to be found in the wards, the mortuary or the laboratory. At this time 
 he had as neighbours on that floor, Halsted, (the lately deceased Profes- 
 sor W.S. Halsted whose loss to philosophic surgery is irreparable) Council- 
 man (Professor W. T. Councilman, Professor of Pathology, retired, at 
 Harvard University) and the writer. Osler was both a delight and a 
 terror to his neighbours. A delight for reasons too obvious to need stat- 
 ing to anyone who knew him personally; a terror because of his passion 
 for books—anyone’s books! As no doors were locked, books, journals, 
 magazines were constantly disappearing, only to be found in Osler’s 
 room or in the most out of the way places. 
 
 As a practical joker—well, that would take me too far afield; an 
 entire chapter might be written on his delightfully amusing pranks to 
 which all of us, sooner or later, fell victims. But they were never vicious, 
 never hurtful, and always in the spirit of pure, harmless fun. I’m sure 
 we loved him for that quality as much as for his more serious sides. 
 
 Probably nothing was more contributory to his personal influence 
 upon the Hospital group than his delightful ‘“‘at homes.” In the begin- 
 ning, these took the form of informal dinners at his house, on West Mon- 
 mouth Street, presided over by his niece, then Miss Osler. At this period, 
 the Hospital group was relatively small and such dinners served to bring 
 us together, away from the shop, in a most congenial and intimate fashion. 
 Later, as the group grew larger, and especially after the opening of the 
 Medical School, his ‘‘Saturday Nights” (I think they were on Saturday) 
 were instituted, and an institution they indeed soon became, for all were 
 invited. Here, the student saw the other side of “the Chief,” became 
 acquainted with his home life, with his charming wife, almost never absent 
 from those meetings, discovered his love for general literature and for 
 art, experienced the charm of being guest to a perfect host, and realized 
 that full intellectual happiness demands something more than a knowledge 
 of only that through which one earns one’s daily bread. 
 
 I believe Osler enjoyed us as much as we did him—there were no 
 sharp lines between chiefs and subordinates in those days; our relations 
 were those of members of a big family to one another. We all took at 
 least one meal a day together at the Hospital. Under such circumstances 
 it is not difficult to conceive the esprit de corps that permeated the place. 
 “eh never seen the like of it anywhere, nor do I expect to again, in 
 
 is life. 
 
 __ The Hopkins Hospital was started with a clean slate, with no tradi- 
 tions, with a group of distinguished Department Heads—all chosen be- 
 cause of their manifest leadership in their several lines and their inclina- 
 tions to subordinate all extraneous interests to the welfare of their im- 
 mediate work. All were intent upon one object: the creation of a medical 
 centre second to none in existence. That such object was attained none 
 can deny and in this endeavour the influence of Osler can never be over- 
 estimated. 
 
 University of Pennsylvania A. C, Abbott 
 
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 306 REMINISCENCES, JOHNS HOPKINS PERIOD— BLUMER 
 
 Random Recollections of Sir William Osler in the Early Nineties 
 
 M* recollections of “The Chief” begin in 1893, when I went to Balti- 
 
 more as a Post-Graduate student, but inasmuch as I studied 
 pathology and bacteriology and worked in the Surgical Dispensary in 
 the mornings, I did not come into close contact with him until I went 
 on his staff in May, 1894. I was on the Surgical Staff from June, 1893, 
 until May, 1894, and as E and G wards were mixed Medical and Surgical 
 wards there were times when the Chief and his attendant sprites were 
 in the ward during surgical rounds. I recollect the queue of aspiring 
 practitioners who used to follow after him, strung out like the tail of a 
 kite in their travels from ward to ward. First would come the Chief, 
 whistling or humming, often with his arm about Dr. Thayer or some other 
 resident, then the resident staff and finally the motley crew of practi- 
 tioners who formed the raw material for what the Chief once called 
 “the dry bones of post-graduate teaching.” The procession usually 
 took the longest time to pass a given point going upstairs to E and I re- 
 member a jocular surgical patient on the porch, who had been a follower 
 of the sport of Kings, calling out one morning in a loud voice as the pro- 
 cession passed him, ‘‘They’re off at the Gut,” ‘“They’re off at the Gut,” 
 the Gut being, I believe, an abbreviation for the famous horse racing 
 centre, Guttenburg. 
 
 When I went on the Medical Staff in 1894 it was technically as a 
 medical bacteriologist, but inasmuch as the Staff was often shorthanded 
 there was never a time when I was not doing ward work as well. It 
 was then that I really saw the Chief at work as a Clinician and came to 
 know him better—and to love him—no matter how well this may have 
 been concealed beneath a stolid British exterior. 
 
 The Chief was a great clinician and a great teacher. He did not 
 make “‘snap diagnoses.” He expected a careful history from the man 
 who had charge of the case and it was seldom that he failed to get it. 
 Of course, he did not get the three volume clinical novels that are in 
 fashion at present, but he generally got the main facts. It was possible 
 to read histories in those days without boredom or mental confusion and 
 they were read. Then followed a careful physical examination and 4 
 note on the oustanding features by the Chief. If it was a disease m 
 which he was especially interested it was a long and generally a very 
 interesting note. Then usually some remarks on the disease whic the 
 patient presented, terse, pithy and pregnant with the wisdom of ripe 
 experience. There were no impressions or diagnoses written on the his- 
 tory at the bedside as I remember it, though a definite opinion was 
 usually expressed. It was prior to the days of ‘impressionism ” and the 
 older clinicians could decide more promptly because they did not have to 
 wait for the results of Wassermanns or blood nitrogens or X-rays and such 
 like. The urine and blood examinations were almost always on the chart. 
 Fine and polished as the weekly clinical lectures were, I always felt that 
 we learned more medicine from rounds than from anything else. 
 
 _ The Chief was splendid with patients. They were neve cases to 
 him; they were sick humans and he treated them as such. One of his 
 engaging smiles or a humorous remark would put the adults at their 
 ease. He loved the children and his favorite remark as he appro 
 the bedside was “Well! are you feeling nice and fat to-day.” 
 
 It was a pleasure to work for Dr. Osler. Most of the men worked 
 
 
 
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 REMINISCENCES, JOHNS HopkKINs PERIOD—BLUMER 307 
 
 hard, though occasionally some kind friend passed him a “lemon” whom 
 he took on in the kindness of his heart. I never heard him speak crossly 
 to a house officer, though it was sometimes plain that he was annoyed 
 by some error of omission. At times he gave us statistical work to do, 
 analyzing groups of histories for some particular point or points. Some 
 of the facts and figures in his ‘‘ Practice of Medicine” were based on such 
 work. The examination of the urines of the idle rich, and doubtless of 
 the industrious plutocracy also, put many a five dollar bill in the pockets 
 of the more impecunious house officers. These helped, even though you 
 could get a serge suit made to order for $15.00 in the Baltimore of those 
 days. 
 
 4 Dr. Osler was very active in the meetings of the Medical Societies of 
 the Hospital. I imagine he was largely instrumental in starting the so- 
 ealled ‘‘Journal Club,”’ an organization limited to the hospital staff, 
 at which the younger men presented summaries of literature and learned 
 how to discuss papers. So far as I can recall Dr. Osler was the only chief 
 that ever attended these meetings in my time. In the meetings of the 
 regular hospital Society he was constantly presenting material or dis- 
 cussing material presented by others. His remarks were always brief 
 and to the point and he never got up unless he had something of value to 
 contribute. He was continually encouraging the members of his staff 
 to present interesting cases from the wards or dispensary. 
 
 He was, of course, greatly interested in the historical side of medicine 
 and took an active part in the meetings of the Historical Society. After 
 the undergraduate Medical School was started he regularly had groups 
 of senior students at his house and discussed medical history with them. 
 There have probably been few medical schools where the student had the 
 benefit of such delightful and stimulating contact with a teacher since 
 the old preceptorial days. 
 
 After I left the Medical Staff in 1895 and went on to the Path- 
 ological Staff, I still used to see a good deal of Dr. Osler. He followed 
 his patients to the autopsy room, particularly those whose condition had 
 been obscure or who presented some disease that he was especially inter- 
 ested in. He had done many autopsies in the Montreal days and he 
 still recognized the importance of checking up his clinical diagnoses in 
 the dead house, not only to increase his store of knowledge but also to 
 keep himself in a proper state of humility. He never attempted to go 
 behind the returns,and took his medicine calmly when he had been wrong, 
 = - realized that diagnosis is in many cases at best a matter of prob- 
 abilities. 
 
 It is perhaps foolish to attempt an estimate of the character of a 
 successful man at such close range, and yet the estimates of future genera- 
 tions, while perhaps more unprejudiced and dispassionate, cannot take 
 into account certain personal factors apparent only to those who knew 
 him. Doubtless there have been equally learned men and equally wise 
 men who, though equally successful as practitioners, exerted but a nar- 
 row influence. After all the Chief’s greatest claim to distinction lay in 
 his capacity for influencing and stimulating other men. He did not 
 found a “‘School” because for the scientific practitioner the days of schools 
 in the old sense are past and gone. He inculcated a tradition, a tradi- 
 tion of thorough work, a tradition of service, a tradition of openminded- 
 ness and broadmindedness. How did he do it? It was no doubt the 
 sum total of his qualities which counted. It was not alone his personal 
 
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 308 REMINISCENCES, JoHNS Hopxins PERIOD—SPENCER 
 
 charm, for there have been intensely selfish and egotistical individuals with 
 great personal charm. It was not alone his great friendliness and evi- 
 dent personal interest in his students. It was mainly his philosophy of 
 life as exemplified by his own manner of living. He had no time for petty 
 jealousies and bickerings, he was entirely lacking in self-aggrandisement, 
 his spirit was the spirit of unselfish service and it was his example which 
 inspired. 
 George Blumer 
 
 eee wt 
 
 From Dr. Osler’s ‘First Probationer.”’ 
 
 HAD always wanted from a girl in my early ’teens to become a trained 
 nurse. So, when the Johns Hopkins Hospital was opened I was 
 quite definite in my ideas that I wanted to apply for entrance into the 
 Training School for Nurses. The name that stood out in the Baltimore 
 papers was that of Doctor Osler. I, knowing nothing about such mat- 
 ters, decided that he was the one to whom to apply. I went over, I 
 remember, on a Monday morning, asked at the front desk for Doctor 
 Osler and saw him. I did not then, as I have many times since, appre- 
 ciate the amused expression on his face when I stated my errand. 
 
 Miss Hampton was not to enter upon her duties as Superintendent 
 of Nurses until September. Acting in her place was Miss Parsons, a 
 graduate of St. Thomas’, London, a very wonderful woman, but a woman 
 not possessing a very strong sense of humour. There was no mistaking — 
 her expression when Doctor Osler sent for her to come to his office and 
 told her what he wanted, and added, “‘I want her accepted.” 
 
 I went on duty on old C the following Wednesday, and as long as 
 I was in the hospital he always called me his probationer. During my 
 training a member of my family, a child of twelve, was a patient in C 
 with a severe case of typhoid. Doctor Osler was at that time living in — 
 the hospital. During the most critical stage he visited the patient every 
 morning before going to his breakfast and would then come over to the 
 General Operating Room, where I was at that time on duty. I would 
 feel a hand laid on my shoulder and the Chief would — “Eivery- 
 thing all right; M. had a good night.” I remember one day when he 
 was in the patient’s room seven times. 
 
 The day I left the hospital I met him in the corridor and stopped to 
 say good-bye to him. He said: “I am going to write you a letter,” 
 which he did, and it proved to be a letter of recommendation which I 
 still have and consider one of my most treasured possessions. 
 
 Tillie L. Spencer 
 
 610 N. Broadway, 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 
 
REMINISCENCES, JoHNS Hopkins Periop—Ross 309 
 
 Dr. Osler’s Relations with the Early Days of 
 The Johns Hopkins’ Training School for Nurses, Etc. 
 
 ~~ from the delightful relations with Dr. Osler that I enjoyed in com- 
 
 mon with others at the Hospital, for somewhat over six months I was 
 rather closely associated with him and saw him for a few minutes almost every 
 day. I have some very distinct recollections connected with the writing of 
 his text-book. One morning he asked me whether he could have the use of 
 my (so-called) library for an hour or so every day and promised that he would 
 not disturb any of my things. On the first day he came with one book and 
 left it open with a book-mark on my desk. On the second day he brought 
 two books and left them opened also on my desk; and so it went on until at 
 the end of about two weeks the desk, the chairs and even the floor were cov- 
 ered with books and I did not enter again into the enjoyment of my domain 
 until after the grand and final clearance. I was duly presented with an auto- 
 graphed copy of the book, which I have treasured ever since. On one page 
 he had written “With the contrite contrition of the Author.” 
 
 The criticism of the original and perhaps somewhat crude Robb’s leg 
 holder I now believe to have been justifiable, but however that may be, I 
 do know that it gave the author a good deal of keen but not malicious 
 satisfaction. 
 
 When I was the Secretary of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical So- 
 ciety, and Dr. Osler was the President, at that time we were a somewhat 
 limited community and material for the meetings often ran short. In such 
 emergencies Dr. Osler never failed me. He would spend time and trouble in 
 stirring up the flagging energies of members or in case of need would himself 
 step into the breach and supply the necessary paper. 
 
 Among some of the amusing incidents that occurred at this time, the 
 following is probably well known to most of his friends. I had just finished 
 my term as Resident in Gynaecology and was ready to enter into outside prac- 
 tice, when Dr. Osler suggested that we should take a house together. With 
 this end in view we made many pilgrimages to many houses. We had about 
 decided to take one on St. Paul Street and were looking it over with the agent, 
 when suddenly Dr. Osler asked him, ‘What did the last occupant of this 
 house die of?” I do not remember the answer, but I do remember that Dr. 
 Osler turned up his coat collar and retreated, “not running, you understand, 
 but moving with celerity” down the steps and into the street. The deal was 
 never consummated, but a few days later his engagement was announced. 
 
 In his clinics at the bedside and in his talks with his students, Dr. Osler 
 always insisted that, even with the best physician in charge, the ultimate 
 outcome in a case of typhoid fever depended preeminently upon the nursing. 
 Nor was his appreciation of its value confined to this disease. From the time 
 that he came to the Hopkins until he left, and in fact all through his life, 
 wherever he went, he always did his best to develop around him an intelligent 
 and devoted group of nurses. 
 
 When Miss Hampton came to Baltimore, before her appointment as 
 Superintendent of the Training School, Dr. Osler and Dr. Gilman (I believe) 
 were deputed to meet her and show her over the Hospital. On that occasion 
 Dr. Osler urged her to accept the position, and from the time that she took 
 up the work he always remained her devoted friend and supporter. He did 
 everything in his power to smooth the difficulties of her position and to 
 lighten her task of organization. Publicly and privately in his own way he 
 took every opportunity to emphasize to physicians and the laity the import- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 310 Reminiscences, Jonns Hopkins PERIopD—RosEncrantz 
 
 ance of the Training School and the efficiency of the Hopkins nurse. I do not 
 know how much Osler had to do with the details of organization, but Mrs. 
 Robb often told me in later years that she frequently went to him for advice 
 and never failed to get the best that he could give. Whatever criticisms he 
 made—and he was not slow to mark what was done amiss—they were always 
 constructive and always without malice. I know that in later life Mrs. Robb 
 thoroughly appreciated the fact that from his suggestions and help she had 
 been able to obtain a broader view of her opportunities and responsibilities 
 But he did not by any means limit his help to advice. Busy as he was he 
 was always ready to give practical assistance. Every year he gave 4 course 
 of lectures to the nurses, and his address to the members of the first graduating 
 class will always remain vividly in their memories. Nor did he forget that 
 nurses were members of society, and the delightful dinners to which they were 
 invited on Christmas Day and on other occasions were evidence of his apprecia- 
 tion of their work, and of the honour in which the profession of nursing was 
 held by the host and hostess at what used to be No. 1 West Franklin Street. 
 All in all, it may safely be said that in Dr. Osler the nursing profession 
 found a consistent supporter who did much to place it in the position it now 
 holds in this country and in the world at large. 
 
 I hope that I may be pardoned if I close this rambling sketch with a 
 short personal reminiscence. During the war my son Hampton went through 
 a siege of influenza. Fortunately for him he happened to be near Oxford at 
 the time. Sir William and Lady Osler brought him to their house and put 
 him to bed in Revere’s own room, and took care of him until he was well and 
 strong again. Of our deep gratitude I need not speak. Both Hampton and 
 I have always felt and will always feel that my son not only had the benefit 
 of the skill of a great physician but also received a Father’s and a Mother's 
 care.—Hunter Robb, M.D., 55 Bacon St., Winchester, Mass., Resident in Gynae- 
 cology, 1889 to 1901, Associate in Gynaecology, Johns Hopkins University and 
 Hospital from 1901 to 1906. 
 
 Sd Nd a 
 
 Reminiscence 
 
 (The following incident is excerpted from 4 Reminiscence which it has 
 been necessary to otherwise omit in order to avoid overlapping with other con- 
 tributions.—Editor). 
 
 @ Bk morning accompanying Dr. Osler on his rounds was the vener- 
 able Dr. Robert Hall Babcock, of Chicago, an old clinician who was 
 totally blind. The entire Medical Staff and students were standing at 
 the bedside while Dr. Osler was demonstrating a case. Dr. Thomas 
 McCrae carried a chair over to Dr. Babcock, asking him to be seated. 
 The latter thanked him and said: ‘‘No, not while the Master stands. 
 
 Esther Rosencrantz, M.D. 
 
 Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of California Medical School. 
 Assistant Attending Physician, San Francisco Hospital. 
 
 
 
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 ReMINisceNces, Jouns Hopkins Periop—RHEA 311 
 
 Student Reminiscence 
 
 pee memory of Sir William Osler will always be very dear to us, be- 
 cause he was a personal friend to many of us. He was a teacher 
 of us all, and he upheld real ideals in life. 
 I remember, very well, the first time I ever saw him. It was at the 
 end of my first year as a medical student in Johns Hopkins. Before I 
 left for my summer vacation, I went to Sir William’s Saturday clinic to 
 the third and fourth years. A case was brought in and one of the fourth 
 year men asked to examine it. When the examination was completed, 
 Sir William asked the student what his diagnosis was. His answer was 
 that he thought it was a sarcoma of the pelvis, and he gave as his reason 
 for making this diagnosis, that there was a large nodular mass in the pelvis. 
 Gir William turned to his house-man, and told him something that was 
 inaudible to the clinic. The patient was then removed into a side room 
 and in a short time was brought back to the amphitheatre, when the 
 student was asked to examine him again. The tumour had disappeared. 
 Sir William then said that there was a type of nodular tumour of the pelvis 
 that could be removed by the catheter, and explained that what the man 
 was suffering from was hypertrophied prostate, dilatation of the bladder 
 with multiple diverticula. One of the members of the class laughed, 
 and Sir William turned to him and said—“‘It is wise that you laugh when 
 you can, because what happened to me may come to you also sooner or 
 later. 1 well remember the first time I was called in consultation after 
 Icame to Baltimore. It was to an elderly and important gentleman, who 
 showed a pelvic tumour, very similar to the one here. I made a diag- 
 nosis of inoperable sarcoma of the pelvis, and in as gentle a way as I could, 
 told his wife, and advised that a surgeon see the case. The surgeon came 
 the next day and removed the tumour with a catheter.” 
 
 Montreal Lawrence J. Rhea 
 
 & a & 
 
 Dr. Osler’s Oul-Door Clinic at the Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital in 1902 
 
 1 emcee hear might be forgotten on Saturday mornings, it is safe to 
 say that everyone in the medical world within sight of the dome 
 of the Johns Hopkins Hospital remembered that Dr. Osler’s clinic was at 
 12 o’clock noon. Quite a long walk through the great corridor brings us 
 at last to the amphitheatre—turn to the right, plunge quickly across a 
 short open passage—thread your way through the dispensary, always 
 full at this hour. Go on eastward and you reach a large plain room with 
 many windows—curtains which may be drawn so as to transform each 
 of the four corners of the room into an examining room—a rattan couch 
 in the centre, with a couple of gray blankets on it—before the couch a 
 table with books and papers upon it—and arranged in a semi-circle round 
 couch and table a hundred chairs or more, filled now with men and women, 
 Hopkins medical students—third year and fourth year, and doctors from 
 England, Canada, and all parts of the United States, come for post- 
 graduate work. 
 On the stroke of 12.00—a little stir at the door. Quietly comes in 
 first, followed closely by his suite of residents and internes, a little dark 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 312 REMINISCENCES, JoHNS Hopkins PEriop—MacMorcuy 
 
 man, with marvellous eyes. As you look at them, and especially after you 
 have listened a few minutes, you wonder........ 
 
 “Mr. G.—What was the matter with Moses Cohen, here on Novem- 
 ber 21st last?”’ 
 
 Silence falls at the first sound of Dr. Osler’s voice, but there is no 
 other answer. 
 
 ‘Not here!”’ 
 
 ‘Mr. H.—What was the matter with John Wilson, here on January 
 30th, this year?”’ 
 
 Still no answer. 
 
 ‘Where are these gentlemen?” inquired the Chief, seizing off his 
 eyeglasses by the gold spring and looking round without their aid. 
 
 ‘Where do they hide themselves?”’ 
 
 ‘“‘Well—anybody anything to report?”’ 
 
 Upon this there rose up at his left hand a stout young man in gray 
 clothes, and reported concerning a case of convulsive tic, in whom copro- 
 lalia was a prominent symptom, that there was great improvement in 
 his patient, that her language now was only bad when she was saying her 
 prayers. 
 
 “Yes,” said the Chief, ‘that’s the way—the very time she shouldn't 
 use bad language! You can judge for yourselves how bad the language 
 was from the fact that a medical student noticed that it was bad!” 
 
 ‘What is this disease called in the East?” 
 
 No reply. 
 
 “Tatah! There is an article on it in the Boston Journal of Medicine 
 and Surgery,’”’ adding the month and year. “Dr. So and So,” addressing 
 one of the post-graduates, “you have seen the “Maine Jumpers ’””—same 
 thing, you know—same disease!” 
 
 “Well—anybody else anything to report?” 
 
 Thereupon up rose in succession three young men. The first of them 
 reported that his patient was in a dying condition—a case of tubercu- 
 losis; the second said that his patient was better and able to be at work, 
 but would not take his potassium iodide (‘Tell him he has to,” said the 
 doctor), and the third that he had been to three addresses and could not 
 find his patient, who had moved. He had still one more chance to find 
 him at a fourth address— 
 
 “Take that chance,” said Dr. Osler—‘“that was a very interesting 
 case, very ’—looking up the record as he spoke. 
 
 ‘Now I give you all warning,” he continued, “that you have to 
 visit your patients that are assigned to you at this clinic and tell me what 
 becomes of them. You must have pretty definite information, too. I 
 want to know. I will expect you to tell me, when I come to examine 
 you, all about your patients. So now you know what to do on Sunday 
 afternoons.” 
 
 “Well, now, what is there for to-day?” 
 
 In came a patient, in charge of a student who laid the patient down 
 on the rattan couch, and covered him with the gray blankets. The stu- 
 dent gave his report. 
 
 “Sit down there and look at him,” said Dr. Osler. ““What do you © 
 
 see?” 
 
 This case was evidently one of catarrhal jaundice, and the patient 
 was advised to enter one of the wards for treatment. 
 
 A few minutes before, one of the Assistant Physicians had called 
 
 
 
REMINISCENCES, JoHNS Hopkins PER1iop—MacMurcnuy 313 
 
 out of the room a third year student, who now returned, accompanying 
 the Assistant Physician, and a pale, meagre, slight girl of seventeen, in 
 poor black attire—one of the submerged tenth. The group of three stood 
 behind Dr. Osler, who was now sitting on the table, swinging his legs after 
 the inimitable manner that Mr. George Grossmith used to exemplify as 
 absolutely necessary in order to begin a histrionic career. 
 
 “The patient was embarrassed,” said the Assistant, softly. 
 
 “What?” Dr. Osler said, turning round. ‘Oh, hullo!” shaking hands 
 with the poor little girl. ‘‘How are you?” “Yes, I should think so. 
 This is a good case to see before and after in about a month when you are 
 nearly well again. Yes, indeed!””—All in the most kind and encouraging 
 tone. ‘Well, Miss T., tell us about your patient.’’ So Miss T. did, but 
 Dr. Osler did not tell the little girl to lie down on the couch, only asked 
 her a question or two in such a low tone that none of us heard the words. 
 “A towel!” said he, and stretched it across her chest, outside her dress, 
 to auscultate. ‘Where do you work?” 
 
 “Yes—a factory, of course?” “Air pretty bad?” 
 
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 “Long hours?—How long?”’ m1) 
 “7.00 to 7.00.” a 
 
 “You see,” said the doctor. Then followed a masterly summary of 
 chlorosis and its etiology and symptoms. 
 
 “A disease that should never come to the Consultant,” said the doc- 
 tor in conclusion. “Never.” ‘And yet I see four or five cases every 
 year. A doctor who cannot cure this disease should—Well—should 
 give up! What shall we give her, Miss T.?” ‘‘Yes—Blaud’s pills! 
 Who was Blaud? Know anything about him?” 
 
 ‘“‘We knew, too, Dr. So and So,” turning to one of the Assistants, 
 “but we have forgotten. Eighteenth century. Will you bring me his 
 picture next day? It is in the library. Yes, bring me his picture, Miss 
 T., and bring his article. You will find it (mentioning the name of the 
 book) in the library.” 
 
 “Just shows our imbecility, as physicians, that we have a remedy for 
 chlorosis and plenty of us won’t use it. Same thing in malaria. Quinine 
 cures malaria, and yet we have case after case coming into this hospital, 
 having been treated with everything else. Bring her back in a month, 
 Miss T.—Goodbye.” 
 
 “Well—what next?”’ 
 
 Next was a negro woman, about forty-five, quiet, pale, hardworking, 
 of a gentle disposition. Silent. 
 
 The great doctor was in an instant engrossed in his new patient and 
 sat down at her left on the rattan couch, making the student in charge 
 sit down on her right. Leaning over and resting his left arm on the stu- 
 dent’s right shoulder, Dr. Osler said once more— 
 
 ‘What do you see?” 
 
 There can be little doubt that Dr. Osler recognized Basedow’s di- 
 sease the moment his eyes fell on the poor woman’s face, but he patiently 
 took step by step along with the student, who, chiefly from nervousness, 
 did not do himself justice. Yet the doctor only drew attention to the 
 student’s mistakes by a more vigorous pressure on his shoulder. 
 
 _“T think you would get a great deal better in the hospital,” said the 
 Chief—‘‘Come in, you had much better. Goodbye.’’ 
 Goodbye...... Wise, kind, good...... was William Osler. The 
 
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 314 REMINISCENCES, Jonns Hopxins Periop>—MacMorcay 
 
 soul of punctuality, an inspired and untiring toiler, the soul of honour 
 a lover of learning and science and of the humanities, a man with a genius 
 for friendship and with unsearchable riches of affection, he embodied in 
 himself the traditions and ideals of the medical profession and of the 
 English-speaking race. Few—very few—have done what he has done to 
 unite that race and that profession—to heal their divisions and glorify 
 their ways and work. He carried the torch—at which so many lighted 
 their lesser torches—long and far. 
 
 In the great war he bore a noble part and to the great cause he gave his 
 heart, his labours and his only son—his only child. 
 
 Sir William Osler’s home, his consulting room, his hospital work, his 
 books, his whole career, have been a blessing to the world. 
 
 The Kingdom of Modern Medicine mourns the death of its King. 
 
 Helen MacMurchy, 
 Chief, Child Welfare Diwision, 
 Department of Health of Canada 
 
 J 2 wt 
 Osler at the Army Medical Museum 
 
 | RECALL occasional visits that Dr. Osler made to the Army Medical 
 Museum, and the pleasant and (to me) instructive talks that I had 
 with him. 
 
 During his connection with the Johns Hopkins University he pre- 
 sented two specimens to the Army Medical Museum. One is a longi- 
 tudinal, vertical section of the cerebrum, showing softening of the optic 
 radiation—from a man who had been in the Philadelphia Infirmary for 
 Diseases of the Nervous System from November 21st, 1888, till his death 
 January 16th, 1889. The case was published in the Am.J.M.Sc., March, 
 1891, page 219. The other specimen is anatomical; the brain of a China- 
 man, prepared in alcohol and glycerin, and dried. The record does not 
 show whether or not Dr. Osler himself prepared the specimen.* 
 
 Dr. Osler was particularly interested in another specimen in the 
 Museum—a cancer of the liver; the liver when fresh weighed twenty-nine 
 and one-quarter pounds. The patient in this case was a Washington 
 policeman, aged fifty-four. There was a history of his being hurt by a 
 hitching post, after which he had persistent gnawing pain in the umbilical 
 region. Seven years after the injury, in September, 1891, he was 
 attended by Dr. E. A. Balloch, of Washington; the patient was then 
 much emaciated, his legs swollen to his knees; he had a cough and 
 vomiting, and soon became jaundiced. In May, 1892, he was admit- 
 ted: to Johns Hopkins Hospital, where he remained a month, and 
 while there was seen by Dr. Osler, who made a diagnosis of cancer of the 
 liver. Nearly two years afterward, February 2nd, 1894, he was admit 
 to the Freedman’s Hospital, Washington, where he died of intercurrent 
 erysipelas April 12th. In this case the man lived so long after the cancer 
 was diagnosed that Dr. Osler began to doubt the accuracy of 
 diagnosis. 
 
 Washington, D.C. D. S. Lamb, 
 Anatomist, Army Medical Museum 
 
 (* This was no doubt one of Dr. Osler’s own specimens prepared by him- 
 self in Montreal by the Giacomini method. Ed. 
 
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 REMINISCENCES, JOHNS Hopkins Pertop—H. E. Ropertson 315 
 
 Personal Reminiscences of Sir William Osler 
 
 M* first acquaintance with Dr. Osler came in the Spring of 1904, 
 
 when during a visit to Johns Hopkins I was privileged to attend 
 his clinic, accompany him in his rounds and later meet him in his home. 
 The clinic was for medical students and the illustrative case used was one 
 of typhoid fever. For one full hour we listened to illuminating comment, 
 keen questioning and masterly exposition of all the essentials of the di- 
 sease under consideration. I was particularly impressed with the empha- 
 sis placed on the pathology of the involved organs. In ‘‘rounds”’ neither 
 methods nor material differed from those of other teaching hospitals but 
 their unique character rather consisted of the inspiration conveyed by 
 the Master, who, not so much by his questions, criticisms, and demon- 
 strations as by the tones of his voice, his gestures and general bearing 
 focussed our attention, stimulated our imaginations and illuminated our 
 understanding. 
 
 My astonishment at my guide’s presumption in inviting me, a 
 medical student and a stranger at that, to call on Dr. Osler at his home 
 was only equalled by my delight at the cordial heartiness and good fellow- 
 ‘ship of my host and his kindly probing of my rather shallow medical 
 depths in the endeavour to find some common interest. He had that 
 subtle faculty of placing his visitor in the best possible light—perhaps be- 
 cause he gave the impression that said visitor was the potential source 
 of some really valuable information or evidence. It was a delicate 
 flattery which could not be resisted. Such was Osler as a medical teacher 
 and friend to the visiting student, who so far as any could foresee, would 
 never pass that way again. 
 
 The next impression was from another phase of this marvellous man’s 
 field of achievement—namely as a formal speaker. It was in the follow- 
 ing year and the occasion was the annual address of the Stillé Medical 
 Society in which Dr. Osler charmed us all by his humour, his wonderful 
 diction, his wide appreciation of classical literature and his fundamental 
 idealism. After the meeting his gracious personality was lavishly ex- 
 pended in personal introductions to each, giving the impression of a real 
 meeting between friends. 
 
 Once more the scene shifts and Sir William Osler in all the glory of 
 the afternoon of his brilliant day of life, is seen at Oxford. It was in the 
 early summer of 1914, just before the war. He was due to catch an early 
 train, but a physician from the United States must not lose thereby the 
 welcome of his genial hospitality. With arm on shoulder he walked to 
 the station asking solicitously about mutual friends, urging a longer stay 
 and finally assuring the success of visits to the laboratories of Oxford by 
 personal messages to the Chiefs concerned. Again the vivid personal 
 touch impressed the visitor with the essential greatness of the man. 
 As a teacher, as a speaker, as a friend—only three sides of this many 
 sided man, but fully adequate to preserve with affection and reverence 
 the memory of these three pictures as long as memory endures.—H. E. 
 Robertson, Professor of Pathology, University of Minnesota, Head of Section 
 of Pathologic Anatomy, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 316 OSLER AS AN INCENTIVE—PARFITT 
 
 OSLER AS AN INCENTIVE * 
 
 C. D. Parrirr, M.D., C.M. 
 
 Gravenhurst, Canada 
 
 N this great occasion on which we are assembled together 
 in memory of a Master of Medicine who has left us, I am 
 grateful for the privilege of putting into words something of my 
 debt to Sir William Osler. The stimulus of his magnetic person- 
 ality to me must be typical of the spell he had for many others. 
 I had the good fortune of knowing Dr. Osler as a teacher for near- 
 ly two years, and for twenty more in being honoured by his friend- 
 ship, and encouraged by his kindly remembrance. I hope to 
 show what an incentive he was to effort, how infectious was his 
 enthusiasm, and how he inspired a love for work for its own sake. 
 Fortunate was the student whose clinical work began, as 
 did mine, with the appearance of the famous textbook, which 
 meant the relegation of all other authors to the seldom-used 
 shelves. This book became at once a great incentive to the stu- 
 dent. The stress upon pathology and the clinical laboratory in- 
 cited to deeper interest in these, then relatively undeveloped 
 branches. A new vocabulary opened vistas, stimulated imag- 
 ination, and quickened inquiry. The terse pointed phrases, and 
 occasional epigrams, lent themselves to memory and became for 
 the student the Beatitudes of Medicine. Later, in conservative 
 London, I found the textbook quoted freely by the younger group 
 of teachers of whom the lamented Alfredo Antunes Kanthack 
 was a brilliant example. Through him I met Dr. William Sidney 
 Thayer, then Osler’s resident physician at J ohns Hopkins Hos- 
 pital, and late in 1897, on Dr. Thayer’s suggestion, I visited 
 Baltimore. 
 
 The address on “Internal Medicine as a Vocation” had just 
 been published. While treating the subject so broadly, this 
 essay was yet so personal in application that it seemed to have 
 been written especially for one who had just chosen that field. 
 It was a chart for the bold, on a voyage of high adventure, Osler 
 himself the supreme example of the master mariner. 
 
 * Read before the Stated Meeting, Academy of Medicine, Toronto, April 
 4th, 1922. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ok 5. I — ath ee en ae at B 
 
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 OSLER AS AN INCENTIVE—PARFITT 317 
 
 To me he was a surprise, a revelation. His charm was in- 
 stant and extraordinary. Combined with his remarkable in- 
 tellectual qualities, his amazing culture, and his great experience, 
 this essence of personality made him the Master, worthy of 
 the most devoted service. This feeling the Chief inspired in all 
 his followers. 
 
 On leaving at the end of a brief fortnight, Dr. Osler’s ap- 
 proachableness emboldened me to ask to be allowed to work under 
 him. I expected disappointment, but this was tempered by the 
 
 kindness of the refusal, and by the silent sympathy of Mrs. Osler, 
 
 who, when I called to say good-bye, invited me into his reprint 
 room and told me to take a copy of whatever I wished. A fort- 
 night later I was surprised and delighted by a letter in which he 
 offered the opportunity to do research work on tuberculosis, made 
 possible by a special fund, in part contributed by two ladies whom 
 he had lately interested. I have since learned that he was, him- 
 self, probably, the main contributor. 
 
 Early in 1898 I returned with ardour to try to carry out his 
 wishes. His keen mind, teeming with ideas, ever found some way 
 to satisfy its curiosity or to develop some constructive effort. 
 He saw a great opportunity in a field in which, in North America, 
 there were as yet few workers. The plotting of lung blocks by 
 Biggs in New York City had suggested the segregation and more 
 intensive study of dispensary cases, while in pathology he wished 
 to verify the recent work of Le Damany on pleuritic effusions. 
 He also desired that the histories relating to serous-membrane 
 tuberculosis should be analyzed. He suggested that shortly 
 some lectures on pleurisy should be given, a special library col- 
 lected, and a society formed, called after Laennec, to stimulate 
 the study of tuberculosis. 
 
 The dispensary cases were assigned to me, and also a room in 
 which to develop a laboratory. Almost at once Osler sent me 
 to visit Trudeau for a few days in his laboratory at Saranac Lake, 
 in order to learn something of the peculiar difficulties in my path. 
 Soon he took me in tow to the Surgeon-General’s library at 
 Washington to look up some literature, along with McCrae, who 
 showed me the ropes. Thus did he make the opportunity, give 
 lavishly of encouragement and counsel, instil enthusiasm, and 
 create incentive to work, not only for its own sake, but for his sake. 
 
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 318 OsLER AS AN INCENTIVE—PARFITT 
 
 Osler on his ward rounds and twice during Thomas McCrae’s 
 absences abroad, was given his place on the resident staff. Here 
 
 one might 
 ‘Watch 
 
 The Master work, and catch. 
 Hints of the proper craft.” 
 
 This to me was the greater opportunity and diverted me 
 from my research. What golden days of absorbing work and 
 fine companionship! Most of the men on the house staff have 
 since become distinguished. Futcher was then resident physician, 
 
 The daily advent of the Chief was the great event. An 
 example of punctuality, he was ever before the hour, bringing 
 the freshness of the morning with him. On his breezy entry, 
 with quick, springing step and gay manner, our world bright- 
 ened. A distinguished gentleman, he radiated a dignity en- 
 hanced by his very evasion of it. On his way to the wards, link- 
 ing some companion affectionately by the arm, he cheered every 
 one he met by his friendly word, nod, or wave of hand. 
 
 At the bedside with his group of staff and students, he made 
 a striking picture. All faces were expectant. The patient was 
 at once put at ease by some sympathetic enquiry, often with a 
 humorous turn. Osler’s thorough methods of investigation and 
 teaching need no description here. His arrangement of facts 
 usually made the diagnosis self-evident. Then came the easy, 
 intimate talk upon the case in simple, exquisite English. There 
 was no suggestion of tour de force, nor of climax, yet every word 
 was pointed and every sentence worth remembering, often driven 
 home by a delightful humour. Just at first the low, modulated 
 voice was slightly hesitating and tremulous, revealing a little 
 human nervousness even before that worshipping group. Med- 
 icine, as revealed by him, was seen to be the pinnacle of a broad, 
 underlying structure of science and culture, to which all sources 
 of information contributed something of value. His talks were 
 filled with narrations of incident of personal or historical interest 
 and with frequent references to old teachers, to the fathers of 
 medicine of all periods, to obscure or long-forgotten men, lifting 
 them again to momentary fame, and to contemporaries of all 
 countries. The English classics were often quoted and the glory 
 of the past was so illuminated that some knowledge of it became 
 a necessity. Consequently the ‘‘Golden Sayings,” the “Medi- 
 
 
 
OsLER AS AN INCENTIVE—PARFITT 319 
 
 tations,’ and the “Religio Medici,” were as readily found in the 
 hospital book-store as the newest text-books. His lamp shone 
 with equal brilliance in the ward, theatre or dispensary clinic, 
 post-mortem room and library. Withal he was most modest. 
 
 Enthusiasm, characteristic and infectious, was carried into 
 all his interests. It was, indeed, the dominant note of the hos- 
 pital. He saw familiar things with a fresh eye and found some- 
 thing new at which to marvel where others saw the ordinary. 
 This and his broad sympathy were perhaps his most striking 
 qualities. He understood desires, dreams, difficulties, and was 
 always accessible as a counsellor or confessor. He gave encour- 
 agement not only by words but unconsciously. While chary 
 of giving advice he had the happy knack of simplifying the prob- 
 lem for one’s own decision. Believing in one’s rightness of in- 
 tent he was always kind, tolerant and lenient to all. 
 
 In December, 1899, I carried with me as a parting gift 
 ‘Graves’ Clinical Medicine.’”? Both in class and conversation 
 Osler tried unceasingly to provoke an interest in the builders 
 of English Medicine, and this gift bore with it its own behest. 
 Within the year I learned from personal experience his patients’ 
 point of view—the faith he inspired, the security in his know- 
 ledge, the hope revived, the tonic of his words and with them 
 the spur to future effort. Then throughout twenty years 
 came the occasional, short, stimulating letters, ever interested, 
 rejoicing or concerned as one’s fortune varied, granting brief 
 glimpses of his own joys and sorrows. When letters failed, 
 some charming token of remembrance came, Sydenham, Words- 
 worth, Huxley, ‘‘ Aiquanimitas,’”’ always rousing to better effort. 
 To be thus held in remembrance in his busy life, one only of very 
 many, was wonderful. 
 
 What delight those brief notes gave! One just before leav- 
 ing for Oxford is typical—‘‘ Let me know at any time if I can be 
 of any solace to you. I hope you are getting at something in the 
 way of literature.” The last word, August 24th, 1919 from 
 Jersey—I hope you got my birthday greeting mailed June 26th, 
 in the shape of an address before the Classical Association. Many 
 copies, I fear, have gone astray. Let me know. We are enjoy- 
 ing a six weeks’ rest here. The last few years have been a heavy 
 Strain... 2. ” PS. “T often think of you and your rare gifts 
 as father confessor in Ward C!”’ 
 
 
 
 
 
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 320 Warp-Rounps Wir Dr. OsLER—ConzE 
 
 Any attempt to tell or write of the influence of Sir William 
 Osler, to try to recreate in words the magic stimulus which pour- 
 ed from him, is like trying to make sunshine and dew. His was 
 a rare leaven, subtle, permeating all who came into contact with 
 him; his radiant energy created opportunity, inflamed ambition, 
 provoked endeavour, spurred to achievement; his torch, at which 
 so many torches were lighted, with increasing brilliance lit up 
 an ever widening circle. He will shine‘ Down the arches of the 
 years” as the greatest of all physicians, a lover of mankind, 
 especially beloved and reverenced by his pupils. who feel with 
 Joseph H. Pratt that ‘We shall never see his like again.” 
 
 MAKING WARD-ROUNDS WITH “DR. OSLER” — 
 CLARIBEL Cong, M.D. dee 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 pee a Ft There arose within me, 
 obliterating for the moment the thousand heraldries 
 and twilight saints and dim emblazonings, 6. 
 a strong sense of reverence for the minds which had conceived 
 and the hands which had executed such things of beauty”. : 
 T was in the early nineties, before the Johns Hopkins Medical 
 School had opened its doors for undergraduate work, that a 
 small group of post-graduate students made ward-rounds with 
 “Dr. Osler.” - > Renate 
 No one who has missed, such an experience can realize what 
 a rare opportunity for culture, enjoyment and spiritual uplift 
 such ward-rounds were. For the Chief possessed a rare person- 
 ality and all those high qualities of mind and heart that go to — 
 make the ideal physician and teacher. ys oe 
 More than that he was the artist, and with master-stroke he 
 would limn for us case after case. In words rare as they were 
 beautiful, in phrases pregnant with meaning, in manner—at 
 times droll, again almost divine in its subtle suggestion of sym- 
 pathy—he would assemble the essential facts of each case and 
 create a masterpiece as rich in suggestion, as universal In appeal 
 as a Giotto, a Rembrandt, or a Giorgione. 
 Truly the name of William Osler is written large upon 
 the hearts of all whose privilege it was to be taught by him, and 
 his influence for good will go on and on. 
 
 yi 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 1905. 
 
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 October, 1905 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF Sir Wm. OsLER—KNopF 321 
 
 OSLER AND THE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS MOVEMENT 
 PERSONAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 S. ApoLtpHus Knorr, M.D. 
 
 New York 
 
 IR WILLIAM OSLER was such a great man and such a 
 great physician that each one who was interested in some 
 particular specialty was prone to think of him as eminent in 
 that especial branch. Yet Osler should not and would not wish 
 to be remembered as a tuberculosis specialist. He was an in- 
 ternist pure and simple, but such a great one that he was an 
 example for the general practitioner and the specialist alike. 
 He was possessed of knowledge of medicine in general as few 
 have ever been and perhaps ever will be, and at the same time 
 knew the minutest details of etiology, pathology, prophylaxis, 
 and therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis. He was familiar with 
 the social aspect of the disease to a degree that made him one of 
 the most prominent figures in the combat of tuberculosis as a dis- 
 ease of the masses, not only in all English speaking countries but 
 all over the world. 
 
 The Editor of this memorial volume of the International 
 Association of Medical Museums, who sent me the honour- 
 ing invitation to contribute to it, told me that Osler’s work 
 in relation to tuberculosis would be taken up by others, and 
 since it was my privilege to write a short biography of this 
 great man for the “History of the National Tuberculosis Asso- 
 ciation and the Antituberculosis Movement in the United States,”’ 
 wherein I enumerated his writings on tuberculosis, I may be 
 permitted here to confine myself to some personal reminiscences, 
 although they naturally are related principally to my own espe- 
 cial work. 
 
 I had, of course, known of Professor Osler by his writings 
 long before I had had any personal intercourse with him, and I 
 knew of his touching compassion for the mental as well as the 
 physical suffering of the consumptive. The year 1903 was an 
 eventful one in the history of tuberculosis. Phthisiophobia was 
 rampant in official as well as private circles. One of the Fed- 
 eral Departments had decided to classify pulmonary tuberculosis 
 
 
 
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 at he es ee, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 392 PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF Sir Wm. OsLeER—KNopr 
 
 with “dangerous contagious diseases”. Certain California and 
 Colorado statesmen tried to prevent tuberculous invalids from 
 coming to their states by the enactment of prohibitive laws.* 
 New York passed the Goodsell-Bedell bill which made the es- 
 tablishment of sanatoria in that state practically impossible. 
 Although resolutions were passed by the New York Academy of 
 Medicine and other medical bodies condemning these unjust 
 and cruel acts, to our amazement there appeared in the New York 
 Medical Journal, of August 1st, and 8th, of that year, a series of 
 articles branding the average consumptive as “manifesting homi- 
 cidal tendencies, loss of self-control and a rise of brute selfish- 
 ness combining to distort the clearness of ethical perception”. 
 Similar expressions appeared later in an otherwise excellent 
 textbook on pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 
 The indignation of the tuberculosis workers was aroused, and 
 I decided to appear before the Society of Medical Jurisprudence 
 with “A Plea for Justice to the Consumptive”. To obtain the 
 authoritative opinion of some of our leading men on the subject, 
 I wrote to a number of them, the first one being Professor Osler. 
 Promptly turning his attention to the matter in question, he 
 wrote me the following sympathetic lines: 
 
 “T quite sympathize with you in your movement, and in 
 reply to your questions I would say: first, I have never noticed 
 among consumptives any greater tendency to immorality or 
 crime than in other individuals, I should rather say the con- 
 trary. My impression is that the unfortunate victims of tuber- 
 culosis are above the average in their mental and moral charac- 
 ter; secondly, I should say emphatically that the average con- 
 sumptive is neither inclined to brute selfishness nor any special 
 distortion of the ethical perceptions. I am glad you called my 
 attention to the article in the New York Medical J ournal. So 
 far as my experience goes, such statements as are made therein 
 are an unwarranted slander.”’ 
 
 What better defense could the consumptive have than that 
 offered by Osler? Phthisiophobia began to decline. May it 
 never arise again! 
 
 It was in 1903, also, that a great need for a National Tuber- 
 culosis Association began to be felt. Certain committees and 
 
 _*Private property owners objected to having tuberculosis sanatoria in 
 their neighborhood. 
 
 
 

 
 PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF Sir Wm. OsLER—KNorr 323 
 
 societies had sprung up calling themselves American National 
 and International Congresses for Tuberculosis. Not one of 
 these was representative. Our foreign colleagues in Paris and 
 London were not familiar with the situation and consented to 
 send delegates to these congresses. In view of this situation, 
 I had taken it upon myself to compose a letter pointing out the 
 seriousness of the situation to the American profession at large 
 and to the recognized authorities on tuberculosis, and suggested 
 the formation of a National Tuberculosis Association.* This was 
 for the purpose of letting our foreign colleagues know that the 
 two contemplated congresses were unauthorized and not en- 
 dorsed by men of standing in the American profession, either in 
 general or in tuberculosis work. Before sending it out I submitted 
 the manuscript of my letter to Sir William Osler, knowing that 
 if it met with his approval I was on the right road. Here is 
 
 what he wrote in reply: 
 
 Baltimore, Md., November 25th, 1903. 
 “Dear Knopf :— 
 
 Excellent in every way! There is not a word to alter, and I have 
 nothing to suggest. It hits the nail fairly and squarely on the head. I feel 
 that we should organize a national committee which should be in touch with 
 the Congress in Paris, and it should be composed of good men from each 
 State. That we could do during the Baltimore meeting. 
 
 Yours ever, 
 Wo. OsLer.”’ 
 
 The result was the formation of our National Tuberculosis 
 Association, in 1904, our official participation in the Paris Con- 
 gress in 1905, and our own Tuberculosis Congress held in Wash- 
 ington in 1908. Both of these congresses were epoch-making, 
 and their successes were in no small degree due to the leadership 
 of Osler. 
 
 Osler was an ideal teacher as well as an ideal physician, and 
 an ideal friend to the lowly and to the great, to the poor 
 as well as the rich. Tuberculosis as a disease of the masses and 
 popular education in the prevention of this disease was a sub- 
 ject very near and dear to him. I well remember when he 
 honoured me by an invitation to address a very large popular 
 lay audience in Baltimore on the subject of tuberculosis. If I 
 had any success at that memorable meeting, it was because 
 Osler had posted me on what to say. He gave me figures and 
 
 
 
 ae: This letter appeared in the Journal of the Am. Med. Assn., Dec. 5- 
 
 
 
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 394 PeRSONAL REMINISCENCES OF Sin WM. OsLER—KNopr 
 
 facts and inspired me by his own enthusiasm for the cause. His 
 congeniality and encouraging words helped me to overcome my 
 stage fright. I had only met him once or twice before that 
 evening but he made me feel as if I had known him for years, 
 and talked to me, not as the great teacher of teachers in medicine 
 had a right to talk to an obscure young practitioner, but as if I 
 were his equal. He proved his friendship to me in after years 
 on more than one occasion. When we talked together about 
 tuberculosis, any one listening would have thought that the older 
 of the two was not interested in anything else in medicine but 
 consumption, consumptives, and tuberculosis sanatoria, and 
 that the younger of the two surely must have felt as if he were 
 the favourite pupil of the master. But he was not. All pupils 
 of Osler who did their work well or did the best they could, 
 were his favourite pupils and he helped them in every possible 
 way. No matter in what specialty they branched out, he re- 
 mained their teacher, friend, and counsellor. For those who 
 were particularly interested in tuberculosis, he created the Len- 
 nec Society of Johns Hopkins Medical School for the study of 
 this specialty. 
 
 While rejoicing in his call as Regius Professor of Medicine, 
 his American colleagues, pupils, and friends of course felt. their 
 loss keenly. In answer to my letter to congratulate him and 
 wish him God-speed in his new field of activity, he wrote: 
 
 “Naturally, I am very loth to leave America where I have been so well 
 treated and where I have so many warm friends, but it is really an act of self- 
 preservation. I could not possibly stand for very long the high pressureo 
 my present life. The position is almost purely academic, and I will have an 
 abundance of time for my literary work.” 
 
 Although gone, he was not forgotten by his countless Am- 
 erican friends and pupils; nor did he forget them. I, for one, con- 
 tinued to call on him for guidance and counsel. In 1908 I 
 needed his advice concerning a rather heated controversy which 
 had arisen because of an article by Major E. Woodruff, of the 
 U. 8. Army Medical Corps, on the danger of sunlight in tuber- 
 culosis, which had had a wide and sensational publication in some 
 medical and many more daily papers. Woodruff claimed that 
 100 per cent. of all white people who contracted tuberculosis in 
 the tropics died, that sunlight was dangerous and not essential 
 to health, and that tuberculous patients did best in regions 
 
 
 
PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF Sir WM. OsLER—KNoprF 325 
 
 where there was least sunlight. I collected the opinions of some 
 forty odd American, English, French, and German authorities on 
 the subject, and the vast majority agreed with me in taking the 
 opposite views to those expressed by Major Woodruff. But of 
 all the valued replies received, I treasured none more, and none 
 did more to counteract Woodruff’s assertion than the following 
 letter from Sir William of Oxford: 
 
 “T have had a good deal of correspondence with Woodruff about his 
 theory, which I do not accept at all. As I told him, I do not think that tu- 
 berculous patients are better under the sunless skies of England than else- 
 where, and I do not think we have any statistics to show that tuberculosis 
 is a relatively more fatal disease in Italy than in Norway or Sweden. ...... I 
 
 have often employed direct sunbaths in tuberculosis and neurasthenia and 
 with benefit.” 
 
 
 
 Osler’s contention was proved to be true when I was able 
 to consult the statistics of 1903 and 1904, showing that Italy 
 next to Belgium had the lowest mortality from tuberculosis in 
 all European countries—117.3 per 100,000; Belgium having 
 only 109.1 per 100,000. 
 
 Osler was genuinely loyal and kind to his friends, particu- 
 larly when they were in need or in distress, as I have 
 reason to remember with undying gratitude. He was still 
 smarting under the ignominious slander manufactured by a 
 sensational news-seeking press which had taken seriously a 
 jocular remark he had made on the subject of euthanasia when, 
 as a result of a statement I had made at a meeting of our Na- 
 tional Tuberculosis Association, I had to suffer a similar experi- 
 ence. During a discussion on the use of morphine in tubercu- 
 losis, I had ventured to say that in my opinion it was an almost 
 indispensable remedy to assuage pain in the hopelessly-ill con- 
 sumptive. I remember Osler having called morphine in such 
 cases the “G. O. M.” (God’s own medicine). My statements 
 were apparently approved by all present, for it is well known 
 that by the judicious administration of morphine we not only 
 make the patient more comfortable but in reality prolong life. 
 I thought the hearty applause which followed my remarks was 
 assurance of the agreement in the opinion I had expressed. Yet, 
 to the amazement of nearly everybody who heard me, among 
 whom were the leading authorities on tuberculosis in this coun- 
 try, I was denounced the following morning in a Philadelphia 
 paper as having openly favoured the administration of enough 
 
 
 
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 296 PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF SiR WM. OsLER—Knopr 
 
 morphine to hopelessly-ill tuberculous patients to end_ their 
 lives. As is usual with such sensational so-called news-items, 
 this statement quickly made the rounds of the American and 
 European press. On learning of this calumnious attack levelled 
 against a younger colleague, Osler’s indignation knew no bounds. 
 His own sufferings from a similar experience he had borne with 
 that equanimity of resignation characteristic of his great soul, 
 but when it befell somebody else it was different. He urged me 
 to start legal proceedings against that newspaper at once, of- 
 fered me his private purse to defray expenses, and assured me 
 of the support of the American profession at large. He stood by 
 me up to the end of a very hard but finally victorious battle, 
 defending me publicly and comforting me in private by touch- 
 ing letters of sympathy and friendship which helped me to bear 
 up under a most trying and painful experience. 
 
 Osler was devoted to his pupils, but he was also devoted to 
 his teachers, and the veneration and enthusiasm he expressed 
 when he spoke of his own masters and the masters of us all was 
 an inspiration that not only stimulated interest in historic 
 medicine but aroused gratitude for the inheritance which the 
 teachers of past generations have left us. On October 5th., 
 1905, he took the American delegation, which had attended the 
 Fifth International Tuberculosis Congress in Paris, to the ceme- 
 tery of Montparnasse to deposit a wreath on the tomb of Louis, 
 the French physician at whose feet so many American. physi- 
 cians of the past generation had sat. It was a touching tribute 
 and gave the younger men a lesson in gratitude to our teachers. 
 
 Osler was always just and always eager to give credit to 
 whom credit is due. Some years ago, realizing that no physi- 
 cian up to that time had been elected to the New York Uni- 
 versity Hall of Fame of celebrated Americans, I endeavoured to 
 obtain this honour for William T. G. Morton, the discoverer of 
 general anaesthesia. When I succeeded at last in spite of many 
 heated controversies concerning the priority of the discovery of 
 general anaesthesia, I know that the words of Osler, which I 
 copied in my letters and pleas to the one hundred and two elec- 
 tors of the Hall of Fame, helped more than any other statements 
 in obtaining justice at last for one of the greatest benefactors 
 of mankind. Morton’s discovery and promulgation of general 
 anaesthesia is still the most important contribution America 
 
 
 
PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF SiR WM. OsLER—KNopF 327 
 
 has made to medical science. In defense of Morton’s priority, 
 Osler simply wrote: “William T. G. Morton was a new Prome- 
 theus who gave a gift to the world as rich as that of fire.” This 
 statement coming from the greatest physician of the English- 
 speaking people of our day convinced the electors that Morton 
 had a rightful place among the immortals in the Hall of Fame. 
 
 During the World War Osler worked for the health of our 
 armies. The loss of his only son who had made the supreme 
 sacrifice, was a terrible blow but he bore it bravely. In reply to 
 my letter of condolence, after expressing his thanks with his 
 usual warmheartedness, Sir William merely added: ‘It, of 
 course, has been a pretty hard business.”” Then forgetful of 
 his own sorrow, he went on to speak of our duties as physicians 
 in the world war and urged me on in my humble efforts for the 
 prevention of tuberculosis among our troops. 
 
 Osler was again of valued assistance to me in an endeavour 
 to get exact information concerning the tuberculosis situation 
 after the world war and, under date of May 26th., 1919, he wrote 
 
 from England: ‘All goes well here and I hope we will get the . 
 
 problem settled ere long on national lines.” 
 
 Osler’s helpfulness to me individually during more than 
 twenty years of antituberculosis work, was constant and of 
 greatest importance. Whatever little I may have achieved, 
 I owe in a very large degree to this counsellor, friend, and co- 
 worker. 
 
 At the time of writing these reminiscences, I am myself no 
 longer a young man. Nearly forty years have elapsed since I 
 entered the first of the three medical schools through which I 
 have passed. I have had many distinguished teachers and met 
 many eminent colleagues, but I freely confess, and gladly and 
 gratefully declare on this occasion, that none of them made a 
 deeper impression upon my life, none have been to me a more 
 constant inspiration, none have I been and still am more eager 
 to emulate than my unforgettable teacher and friend, Sir Wil- 
 liam Osler. 
 
 
 
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 328 OsLER AND MepicaL GATHERINGS—CAMAC 
 
 OSLER AND MEDICAL GATHERINGS 
 
 THE ORIGIN OF INTERURBAN SOCIETIES 
 Cc. N. B. Camac, M.D. 
 New York 
 
 “No class of men needs friction so much as physicians; no class gets less, 
 The daily round of a busy practitioner tends to develop an egotism of a most 
 intense kind, to which there is no antidote. The few set-backs are forgotten, 
 the mistakes are often buried, and ten years of successful work tend to make a 
 man touchy, dogmatic, intolerant of correction, and abominably self-centered, 
 To this mental attitude the Medical Society is the best corrective, and a man misses 
 a good part of his education who does not get knocked about a bit by his colleagues 
 in discussions and criticisms.’’ .* } 
 
 Medical Meetings have four main functions, 
 
 1. Legislative. 
 2. Social. 
 
 3. Scientific. 
 
 4, Educational. 
 
 Of Osler’s influence on the first three of these I wish to 
 speak; his influence on the fourth is so obvious, that it needs no 
 comment. { 
 
 By Legislative is meant here, the power a body of medical 
 men may exert over the law-making branch of Government 
 to enact laws for the protection and maintenance of the health 
 of the people. In his communications to medical societies, 
 Osler fearlessly attacked politicians and legislators who, by their 
 ignorance or neglect, failed to remedy conditions detrimental 
 to the health of the community, notably by his studies on Hook- 
 worm, Trichiniasis, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Malaria and Ty- 
 phoid fevers and by his exposure of the dangers of the drainage 
 system of Baltimore and the water supply of Philadelphia. 
 The history of the conquest of Typhoid Fever could not be 
 written without many extracts from his papers and addresses, 
 in which he made those in high places fear to disregard his warn- 
 ings. 
 
 I mention this, not as a new field of activity for the medical 
 
 * “The Functions of a State Faculty (Society).” Maryland Med. Journal, 
 
 1897. 
 +“On the Educational Value of the Medical Society.” Aquanimitas 
 and other Addresses, 2nd. Ed., p. 348. 
 
 
 

 
 OsLER AND MepicaL GATHERINGS—CAMAC 329 
 
 man, for such work has obviously been the duty of physicians 
 since earliest times, but to emphasize Osler’s mode of attack, 
 by which he was able to effectually deal with matters of public 
 health, educating and winning over his opponents, but without 
 entering the political world and without employing political 
 methods. He could be among the politicians and not be one 
 of them. His method can best be shown by a brief description 
 of his dealing with politics in medical societies. Not many 
 years ago some of the medical societies were so riddled by this 
 destructive element, that they ceased to bear even a semblance 
 of a scientific body. Distasteful to him as was this condition, 
 he nevertheless attended the meetings and, by his contributions 
 and discussions, raised the standard and quietly and _ persis- 
 tently condemned the political features. 
 
 There are many individuals in this country and Great 
 Britain who could quote first-hand his trenchant and at times 
 epigrammatic comments, by which the conduct of a medical 
 meeting was fundamentally influenced.* 
 
 He was never a reformer in the crusade sense, but by quiet, 
 forceful and persistent comment, sometimes merely a gesture, 
 the futile, selfish, and sophistical elements in a medical organ- 
 ization or public health body were driven to cover rather than 
 expose further their vulnerable and petty purposes, to his witty 
 shafts. Of venom there was never a trace,and Osler was often 
 the only one who could effectually attack these spurious orators, 
 without even giving offense, because, though direct and fearless, 
 there was in his comment usually a touch of humour, which 
 made the offender appear a little ridiculous. Where the vital 
 interests of an organization or institution were not at stake, 
 the most scathing criticism he could administer was silence, 
 and I doubt if a single instance could be given of his entering 
 into a gossipy discussion of an individual, no matter how 
 pressed for an opinion. However lightly the shaft might appear 
 to be thrown, the cause always justified the thrust. 
 
 The social advantages of medical gatherings Osler con- 
 sidered of great importance. In his writings he repeatedly 
 refers to personal contact between pupil and teacher, between 
 fellow practitioners in large and small communities, as of in- 
 
 *Some concrete instances of these I have given Dr. Harvey Cushing 
 for the Osler Biography. 
 
 25 
 
 
 
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 330 OsLER AND MEDICAL GATHERINGS—CAMAC 
 
 trinsic value in preventing and removing prejudice, misunder- 
 standings, and petty jealousies, so prone to develop in teach- 
 ing institutions and medical groups. The social gathering, de- 
 veloped in its most *perfect form, may best be presented in a 
 description of a students’ evening at Osler’s house in Baltimore. 
 
 No scientific paper was presented, no specimens shown, but 
 
 much that had been seen in the wards, out-door and other clin- 
 ies was conversationally discussed, and then there was always 
 that library, from which to show a rare book, with fitting appli- 
 cations to the subject under discussion, or to cases that had 
 been seen at the hospital. One thinks of the Socratic school, 
 yet the influence of Osler at these gatherings was atmospheric 
 rather than through any systematic effort at philosophic dis- 
 cussion. There was nothing to suggest the mental calisthenics 
 of the Platonic writings. The individual was the goal sought; 
 and unconsciously, under the most favourable circumstances, 
 there were being formed in the student, habits of thinking, new 
 view-points were gained and hazy impressions clarified. The 
 teacher, on his side, was acquiring personal knowledge of his 
 pupil and of his needs, by which many problems of the class 
 room and student body might be solved. 
 
 While such gatherings were not altogether original with 
 Osler, I believe the way they were conducted was unique and, 
 at the time they were begun, most rare in this country. 
 
 Under this subject of social, I venture, in an article as in- 
 formal as this is, to mention what may be considered too trivial 
 for publication. It has, however, been of such value to younger 
 men, that should its mention lead to “ doing likewise” by older 
 men, the “too trivial’ criticism will not apply. I refer to Osler’s 
 almost invariable custom of giving a luncheon or dinner to one 
 or more of the distinguished persons present at a medical meet- 
 
 ing. The point I wish to emphasize is that many of the other 
 
 guests at these functions were young and comparatively un- 
 known. To meet the guest of honour, whose writings he had 
 read, and about whom he had heard and with whom he might 
 be afforded an opportunity to talk, was a stimulation to the 
 young clinician and research worker and possibly an event in his 
 medical experience. | 
 
 Osler’s influence on the scientific function of medical gath- 
 erings has, in part, been already touched upon. I wish now 
 
 
 
 + -%-. ae = 
 “gt ae) acim Fa | - 
 
OsLER AND MerEpiIcAL GATHERINGS—CAMAC 331 
 
 to refer to what seems to have been an entirely original concep- 
 tion with him, of how the scientific value of presentations at 
 medical meetings, might be enormously increased. 
 
 In the summer of 1903 I was stopping with the Oslers at 
 Caribou Lodge, Murray Bay. One day, on the golf course, as 
 we walked between strokes, Dr. Osler said, ‘‘Don’t you think 
 the meeting of a few of you fellows at each others’ laboratories 
 and clinics, where you could see the work in progress and hear the 
 teaching being given would be worth while? We could get four 
 or five fellows from New York, another group from Boston, 
 another from Philadelphia, another from Baltimore.’’ Here, 
 indeed, was the inception of an idea—but the period of gestation 
 was nearly two years, for the birth did not take place till April 
 28th, 1905. At that date also, the Child was christened 
 “Inter-Urban Clinical Club”. It was rather a _ precocious 
 youngster, for although it was not born till 7 o’clock that even- 
 ing, at a dinner at the Maryland Club (Baltimore) it began to 
 function at 12 noon that day, with an “Out-Door Clinic” by 
 Dr. Osler. 
 
 There was a consultation of the accoucheurs that afternoon 
 but The Club was not officially viable till 7 p.m. 
 
 At 2.30 p.m., the real type of demonstration for which the 
 society was organized, was given by Dr. Erlanger, ‘‘By invita- 
 tion”’. 
 
 “Demonstration of Case of Stokes-Adams Disease; 
 Experimental Demonstration of Heart-Block”’. 
 
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 Until I looked up this first programme (a copy of which I 
 have) I had not realized that this demonstration had been given 
 at the first meeting (1905) so vivid to-day is the picture of the 
 exposed heart being made to beat, by the manipulation of the 
 operator, at the different rhythms, till complete block was pro- 
 duced. Here was an example of the value of the visual method 
 of presentation at medical meetings. To understand the tech- 
 nique and significance of this intricate mechanism of heart- 
 block would have required much attentive reading but here it 
 was immediately grasped; moreover the experimenter could be 
 questioned directly and the “Clamp”? (devised by Erlanger) 
 examined and its application explained. Had it been necessary 
 to advance arguments in favour of such a society of physicians 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 332 OsLER AND MepicaL GATHERINGS—CAMAC 
 
 to visit the “workshop” of clinicians and researchers this de- 
 monstration alone would have been sufficient to silence any 
 opposition. 
 
 What Osler realized was, that work of this kind was being 
 done at many of our medical institutions and that the workers 
 were known to a few only and that their efforts were reaching 
 others through the comparatively unsatisfactory and slow chan- 
 nel of literature. On the second day of the meeting, April 29th, 
 methods of delivering amphitheatre clinics were demonstrated, 
 the student presenting and discussing the case—then a new 
 system, since widely imitated. Those of us who were labora- 
 tory workers had an opportunity to spend an hour seeing meth- 
 ods of clinical laboratory investigation. Then there was the 
 ward visit, the student again, as Clinical Clerk, presenting the 
 case, after which The Chief dealt with the broader medical 
 aspects, the student taking part in the discussion. 
 
 Thus twenty-five or thirty physicians from different cities 
 returned to their work of instruction with first-hand knowledge 
 of the newer methods of teaching and of up-to-date technique 
 in clinical, experimental and research work. 
 
 The society, the first of its kind, has been duplicated in the 
 West, in The Cosmopolitan Club, and by the surgeon in the East. 
 
 It may not be amiss to call attention to what Osler would 
 criticise in the present day “interurban” programmes aS Colir 
 pared with this first one, which though simple, was full of sug- 
 gestion, stimulation and ‘nstruction. I refer to the omission 
 from the programme of teaching demonstrations and instead a 
 too great abundance of technical papers, often read without any 
 demonstration or at most intricate and complicated charts and 
 apparatus which would require hours of personal application on 
 the part of the visitor to grasp. 
 
 I feel sure this type of demonstration was not in the 
 mind of the founder, and certainly such demonstrations have 
 not added to the value of the meetings. | 
 
 “« Tf he (the physician) cannot go abroad, let him spend part of his 
 short vacation in seeing how it fares with brethren in his own country. 
 
 “The all important matter 1s to get breadth of view, as early as 
 possible, and this is difficult without travel.’’ * 
 
 *From “Internal Medicine as a Vocation.” Equanimitas and Other 
 Addresses, by William Osler, 2nd. Ed., p. 187. Med. News (N.Y.), 1897. 
 
 * 
 
 
 

 
 Wm. OsLER AND INTERURBAN CLINICAL CLUB—RIESMAN 333 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER AND THE 
 INTERURBAN CLINICAL CLUB 
 
 Davin Riresman, M.D. 
 Philadelphia 
 
 NE of the outstanding characteristics that endeared Osler 
 to medical men, even to men who did not come in direct 
 contact with him, was his habit of giving encouragement to those 
 whose work impressed him favourably. If he saw a worthy 
 publication, whether the man was known to him or not—and he 
 seemed cognizant of nearly everything published in the domain 
 of internal medicine—he would send a word of congratulation 
 or compliment. It might be a brief letter or only a postal card 
 with the words “That was a good paper of yours on 
 W. O. oe yet to the struggling young doctor it meant more shan 
 the praises of all other friends combined. By keeping watch 
 over what the younger men in medicine were doing, he knew 
 personally or by name better than anyone else the active workers 
 in the generation just below him. 
 
 This knowledge and his great desire to advance medicine in 
 America prompted him in 1905 to take a step that had a far 
 reaching influence upon clinical medicine and medical education 
 in this country. On April 28, 1905, he called together a group 
 of men, six from each of the four large cities of the east—Boston, 
 New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore—to form an Interurban 
 Clinical Club after the pattern of a Surgical Club organized in 
 July, 1903. The initial meeting was called to coincide with 
 Osler’s final days in Baltimore. No one privileged to be present 
 will ever forget the great teacher’s last clinic—the amphitheatre 
 crowded with students and physicians; the members of the newly 
 formed club on the front benches, and in the pit the patient 
 with Osler on one side and a perspiring student on the other. 
 The case was that of a young colored girl who had had lobar 
 pheumonia some time before, but who had not yet fully recov- 
 ered. Tuberculosis had been suspected, but numerous sputum 
 examinations had been negative. Osler asked the student whe- 
 ther he had any suggestions or ideas about the case. In great 
 earnestness, with a contracted brow, the embarrassed student 
 
 
 
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 934 We. OSLER AND [NTERURBAN CuinicaL CiuB—RIiEsMANn 
 
 bent over and scrutinized the patient long and profoundly, but 
 saw no light. Finally Osler, patient and sympathetic, said to 
 him, “Will you please walk round?” The student rose and 
 passed to the other side of the patient and then in the neck be- 
 held a mass of cheesy glands. The incident was a valuable les- 
 son. It illustrated a point often dwelt upon by Osler in his 
 writings, namely, that most of our mistakes in diagnosis arise 
 from errors of omission rather than from those of commission. 
 In my own teaching I have tried to enforce this lesson by telling 
 the students “to walk around.”’ 
 
 The whole clinic was an inspiration, and left an indelible 
 impression upon all, especially upon those who like myself had 
 never had the privilege of sitting as disciples at Osler’s feet. 
 All present were under the influence of a deep emotion of regret, 
 regret that the great master had seen fit to give up forever the 
 unique place he had so long held in the medical and cultural life 
 of America. 
 
 In the evening of this memorable day the group of men 
 called together by Osler met at dinner in the Maryland Club, 
 and with Osler as temporary chairman organized the Interurban 
 Clinical Club by electing Richard Cabot president, and Thomas 
 McCrae, secretary. Dr. Osler was elected the first honorary 
 member. 
 
 The charter members of the Club, all but one of whom 
 were present at the inaugural meeting, were Cabot, Joslin, Locke, 
 Lord, Pratt and Tileston of Boston; Camac, Conner, James, 
 Janeway, Lambert and Meara of New York; Edsall, Kelly, Long- 
 cope, Riesman, Sailer and Stengel of Philadelphia; Barker, Cole, 
 Emerson, Futcher, McCrae and Thayer of Baltimore. 
 
 From that time on until the present, except during the 
 War, the Interurban Club has held two meetings a yeal, 
 one in the spring and one in the autumn. At first the meetings 
 were held only in the four constituent cities, but later other 
 meeting places were occasionally selected. Thus the Club has 
 met at New Haven, where some of the members have come to 
 live, and once, in November, 1913, it met jointly with a similar 
 organization in Chicago, spending a day on the return trip in 
 Cleveland. In 1916 a meeting was held in Rochester, Minne- 
 sota, the Club being the guest of the Mayo Clinic. At the meet- 
 ing in Boston in December, 1914, Drs. Capps; Miller and Wood- 
 
 
 
——  t— 
 
 Wa. OsLER AND INTERURBAN CLINICAL CLUB—RIESMAN 335 
 
 yatt of Chicago and Hoover of Cleveland were present as guests, 
 returning the visit the Club had paid to Chicago and Cleveland. 
 
 As long as Osler lived the Club regularly sent him a few 
 words of greeting by cable at each semi-annual meeting. 
 
 The Interurban Club started with a membership of twenty- 
 four and a limit of thirty. Vacancies arose through a provision 
 in the by-laws to the effect that upon attaining the age of fifty 
 a member should be automatically put upon the honorary list 
 in order to make room for a younger man. Not long ago, owing 
 to the fact that so many were being transferred to the honorary 
 list, the Club voted to extend the age of active membership to 
 fifty-five, but even that no longer retains many of the original 
 members, as the majority have reached and passed that age, for 
 the Club is now nineteen years old. 
 
 Vacancies have unfortunately also been created by death, 
 which has deprived the Club of three outstanding men, active 
 teachers and able clinicians: J. Dutton Steele, A. O. J. Kelly 
 and Theodore C. Janeway. 
 
 In addition to Osler the Club elected as honorary members: 
 E. C. Janeway of New York, R. H. Fitz of Boston and S. Weir 
 Mitchell of Philadelphia. All of these together with the first 
 honorary member have passed away. 
 
 It is not an easy task to evaluate the influence of the Inter- 
 urban Clinical Club upon medicine in this country. Perhaps a 
 member of the Club is led to overestimate this influence. There 
 are, however, certain facts that may serve as a basis of impartial 
 judgment. Inasmuch as all the members were teachers of clin- 
 ical medicine, the Club made interchange of methods of teaching 
 its chief aim and purpose. For years this purpose was kept 
 prominently in view. At each semi-annual meeting the men in 
 the host city provided a programme illustrating methods of 
 teaching and containing also reports of the results of scientific 
 research. At the regular dinner on the first meeting day, always 
 a Friday, the lessons learned at the morning and afternoon ses- 
 sions were discussed. In addition some set topic germane to 
 the field of medical education or of clinical medicine was taken 
 up for general discussion. From the meetings and the discus- 
 sions members would return to their respective homes to put 
 into practice in teaching and in investigation whatever of value 
 they had learned; and it may be truthfully said that no one ever 
 
 
 
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 336 We. OSLER AND INTERURBAN CLINICAL CLUB—RimsMAN 
 
 went away from a meeting of the Club without having learned 
 something of value. To illustrate: The method of teaching 
 by clinico-pathological conferences, originating in Boston, spread 
 through the membership of the Club to other medical schools. 
 Ideas of social service and methods of putting them into prac- 
 tice were largely disseminated through the membership of the 
 Club after witnessing the brilliant results achieved in Boston 
 and in Baltimore. 
 
 I have said above that the city that acted as host provided 
 the programme of the meetings. This is not intended to convey 
 the idea that the members of the Club in the host city were the 
 sole performers. Very early the custom arose of having non- 
 members take part in the programme. It was particularly to 
 the young men that the Club gave the opportunity of reporting 
 what they were doing in the line of original work in teaching 
 and research. It soon came to be looked upon as a not incon- 
 siderable honour to appear before the Interurban Club, and 
 that this acted as a stimulus to the younger men needs no em- 
 phasis. 
 
 The Club played an invisible but real part in the Great 
 War. At its meeting in Boston in April, 1917, the Club adopted 
 the following resolution: “The Interurban Clinical Club ex- 
 presses to the National Defense Council its earnest desire that 
 national prohibition be instituted for the duration of the war 
 because of the effect upon public health and for its economic 
 effect.’ After having been signed by all the members present 
 this resolution was forwarded to Dr. Franklin Martin, who in a 
 prompt letter of thanks acknowledged its receipt. At the same 
 meeting the Club adopted another resolution dealing with the 
 question of venereal diseases. This resolution reads as follows: 
 “That steps be taken to instruct officers in the early diagnosis 
 of syphilis by modern laboratory methods and the importance 
 of early diagnosis and treatment. 
 
 “That a standard method of the treatment of syphilis be 
 established, and made obligatory, and that suitable facilities 
 and suitably trained persons be provided in connection with all 
 large bodies of troops to carry out these measures. 
 
 “And be it further recommended that a board be appointed 
 to institute measures for strict exclusion of prostitutes from the 
 vicinity of camps and for the prevention of venereal disease.” 
 
 
 
Wm. OsLER AND INTERURBAN CLiINiIcAL CLuB—RIEgSMAN 337 
 
 A third resolution adopted read as follows: ‘In consideration 
 of the inefficiency of many states and local boards of health or 
 health officers in the many regions from which troops will come 
 and to which they will return invalided or on furlough, we recom- 
 mend a supervision of and cooperation with these local authori- 
 ties by the United States Public Health Service. We recom- 
 mend, also, that this supervision be extended to include our in- 
 dustries.”’ Copies of this resolution, signed by all the members 
 present, were forwarded to Dr. Franklin Martin, Chairman of 
 the Council of National Defense, and to Dr. Rupert Blue, Sur- 
 geon General, United States Public Health Service, Washington. 
 
 When Theodore Janeway became a dominant force in the 
 Medical Division of the Surgeon General’s office, he at once 
 turned to the men he knew best to help him in his tremendous 
 task. Longcope and Conner, both Interurban members, became 
 associated with him in the Service and in turn succeeded to the 
 place made vacant by Janeway’s lamentable death. At the 
 same time many other members of the Club received important 
 assignments due to the fact that their capabilities and personali- 
 ties had become known through their membership in the Club 
 to the men at the head of medical affairs in Washington. 
 
 But the finest and best result of the Club and the one for 
 which the members will forever hold the founder in grateful 
 memory, is the friendships that have been fostered among the 
 members in the years that have passed since Osler called them 
 together. Although I have not personally canvassed my fellow 
 members upon this subject, I feel I am not overstating the facts 
 when I say that nothing in our medical life has been so delight- 
 ful, so preeminently satisfactory as the close associations formed 
 through the Club. They have grown stronger and stronger 
 with the passing years, and will continue till the end of life.. 
 
 The Interurban Clinical Club has served as a model for 
 similar organizations in other parts of the country. Wherever 
 formed these clubs have been of great benefit to the members 
 themselves and to clinical medicine and medical teaching. In 
 the East an interurban clinical club has been organized by a 
 younger generation of men, and this Club is already contending 
 for the laurels so long worn by the older association. 
 
 To those who are members of the Interurban Clinical Club, 
 particularly to those who have been in it since its beginning, 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 238 OsLER AND THE PROFESSION OF MARYLAND—FRIEDENWALD 
 
 Osler’s connection with it will not appear unworthy of record in 
 a volume given to the portrayal of the great clinician’s many- 
 sided life. 
 
 DR. OSLER AND THE MEDICAL PROFESSION 
 OF MARYLAND * 
 
 Harry FRIEDENWALD, M.D. 
 
 Baltimore, Maryland 
 
 E tidings of the death of Dr. Osler in his far-off home 
 
 brought sudden and profound sorrow to this community. 
 Never has the medical profession of this city felt the loss of one 
 of its members more keenly, never has the whole community 
 shown greater respect and honour and love for the dead. Every- 
 one spoke of Dr. Osler’s death as of a personal sorrow. All felt 
 that we in this community had lost one who was ours, through 
 whose splendid and distinguished services we had benefited, in 
 whose greatness, in whose honours, and achievements we took 
 just pride, for he belonged to us. 
 
 And yet he came into our community a man of forty, lived 
 and laboured here but fifteen or sixteen years, and left us twenty 
 years ago to continue his work in a distant University. 
 
 How is it that his being here for only a very short time, his 
 almost comet-like presence among us, should have impressed 
 and influenced us so profoundly? It is not simply because he 
 was a teacher of medicine of rare ability, the medical head of a 
 large hospital, the great consultant. For this the community 
 would have admired, respected, honoured him, been proud of 
 him. These facts were not alone the reason for the universal 
 devotion of the medical profession. Greatness as a teacher, as 
 a, medical writer, as an author in some of the by-paths of medical 
 literature, these will be the laurels which the world of Science 
 and the world at large will offer to his memory. But we here 
 think of Dr. Osler with other feelings added to these of admira- 
 tion ard respect and honour for the great man who won the 
 
 
 
 ___ *Extracted by permission from the Osler Memorial Bulletin of the Med- 
 ical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1920, XII, 60-62. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 —— tsi(‘“‘O™OCSC 
 
 OsLER AND THE PROFESSION OF MARYLAND—FRIEDENWALD 339 
 
 highest distinctions for himself and for his profession. We felt 
 near to him, each one of us, we loved him as we have loved none 
 other. Each one of us saw in him the friendly guide and master. 
 This was the inspiration that made us strive with greater effort 
 toward higher ideals. He showed a personal interest in each one 
 of us, his counsel and encouragement spurred us on. But even 
 this does not account for the deep affection and love in which he 
 was held by all. 
 
 The explanation lies in that peculiar charm of character 
 which was his alone. Never have I known a man who combined 
 as he did, greatness with unassuming simplicity and modesty, 
 the wisdom of age with the light heartedness and enthusiasm of 
 youth, earnest seriousness with buoyant Jjollity. 
 
 It was this charm of character which captivated the heart 
 of all who came in touch with him as pupils, as colleagues, as 
 fellow-practitioners, as patients, as well as those with whom his 
 relations were purely social. 
 
 I cherish it as one of the greatest privileges of my life that I 
 knew Dr. Osler and enjoyed his friendship. It was in the com- 
 mittee that published Dr. Cordell’s Medical Annals, in the Med- 
 ical and Chirurgical Faculty and its Library and especially in 
 the Book and Journal Club that I was permitted to enjoy this 
 association. It was a privilege to witness the force with which 
 he put new life, a new outlook, new energy and spirit into all of 
 the activities of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty so that 
 since that time it ranks among the foremost of the State Med- 
 ical Organizations in this country. It was the living spirit of 
 Dr. Osler which has watched over this Faculty and its Library 
 until his death. For have we not in all truth, felt his living pres- 
 ence among us during all the years that he has been away, so 
 that even the younger members who did not know him, felt his 
 active influence and nearness. So long as this spirit of Osler 
 lives on in the Faculty as a whole, and in its individual mem- 
 bers, this venerable organization and the medical profession of 
 Maryland will continue in their progress toward those ideals to 
 which he was devoted. We shall miss Dr. Osler sorely, his mes- 
 sages of cheer, his encouragement and interest, his fascinating 
 and scholarly addresses, his classical medical writings. But the 
 influence of his life and character, of his work and name will 
 ever be with us and will outlive many generations. 
 
 
 
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 240 OsuER’s INFLUENCE ON MEpIcAL LIBRARIES—RunRAE 
 
 There is an ancient Hebrew legend which, like many legends, 
 contains a great truth. The legend tells us that the world con- 
 tinues to exist because of the piety and virtue of thirty-six saints. 
 But for them the world would long ago have been destroyed. 
 Each generation has its saints, but they are hidden from view by 
 their modesty, their humility and their simple lives. They 
 themselves would be the last to admit this virtue. Still it is 
 because of these few and not because of the many that the world 
 goes on. The legend may well be applied to our profession. It 
 is because of the character and spirit of a man of the Osler type 
 that a whole generation is supported and enabled to advance and 
 to elevate the high calling of the practise of medicine. 
 
 OSLER’S INFLUENCE ON MEDICAL LIBRARIES 
 IN AMERICA * 
 
 JoHN RuwHRAH, M.D. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 [* the name of Osler had been left out of the title of this paper, 
 
 those at all familiar with the American medical libraries 
 would have been able at once to fill the omission. There is none 
 other who has had such an universal influence. Scores there are 
 and have been who have left an imprint on one medical library, 
 and there are some whose influence has extended to two or three, 
 but Sir William Osler is the only one whose magic has touched 
 all. 
 
 Wherever he happened to be his interest in the medical 
 library was paramount. For example, whenever he visited the 
 Massachusetts General Hospital we are told that no matter how 
 pressing his other duties, he invariably found time to run into the 
 Treadwell Library for a few moments, and he followed up his 
 visits with letters and suggestions to the librarian. This he did 
 for all the librares he encountered in his travels. 
 
 There is an active, wide-awake Library at Wilkes-Barre, 
 Pennsylvania; his interest in it has been continuous and most 
 beneficial. At the occasion of his last visit there the library had 
 
 _ *Extracted by permission from the article in the Annals of Medical 
 History, P. B. Hoeber, 1919, ii, 170-183. 
 
 ‘ 
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 | 
 
 
 
Oster’s INFLUENCE ON MepicaL LIBRARIES—RUHRAH 341 
 
 been started in a small way. His personal remarks, and letters 
 to members interested, have stimulated and sustained them in 
 their zeal for a real collection of books. Here, again, his interest 
 has manifested itself in more material ways, and these gifts of his 
 mean much, for they help others to give. But let him tell you 
 himself about a gentle art: 
 
 “May I say a word on the art of giving? The essence is 
 contained in the well-known sentence, ‘Let every man do accord- 
 ing as he is disposed in his heart, not erudgingly or of necessity.’ 
 Subscriptions to a cause which is for the benefit of the entire pro- 
 fession should truly be given as a man is disposed in his heart, 
 not in his pocket, and assuredly not of necessity, but as a duty, 
 even as a privilege, and as a pleasure. Some of us, the younger 
 men, cannot give. The days of travail and distress are not yet 
 over, and to give would be wrong. It is sufficient for such to 
 have the wish to give; the elder brothers will bear your share; 
 only be sure to foster these generous impulses, which are apt to 
 be intense in direct proportion to the emptiness of purse. 
 
 “Upon a second group we must chiefly depend—the men of 
 moderate income, who have a balance, however small, at the end 
 of the year. To devote a fraction of this to the needs of the pro- 
 fession by which they have lived is, on the lowest motives, good 
 policy, on the highest, a delightful privilege. 
 
 “Beyond a modest competency, the sensible doctor does not 
 aspire, but in the profession of every state there is a third group, 
 composed of a few men, who, dry-nursed by us, sometimes by 
 the public, have become prosperous, perhaps even wealthy. 
 Freely they have received, freely they should give.” 
 
 The young Osler received his medical education at MeGill 
 University, in Montreal, and when his student days were over 
 continued his residence there, eventually becoming a member of 
 the faculty. Thus it was that the library of the Medical Depart- 
 ment of McGill University was his first love, due to the subtle 
 charm of youth and propinquity, and in spite of many favours 
 in the past it has become the recipient of more. Here as else- 
 where he gave many rare and valuable copies of the old masters 
 of medicine. It is related that a friend once saw him emerging 
 from an Edinburgh bookshop. In his arms he clasped a large 
 volume and his face wore that peculiar expression of mingled pride 
 of possession and happiness common to collectors who are rejoic- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 eo ee see = 
 Pe ee Se 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 342 OstEeR’s INFLUENCE ON MepIcAL LiBRARIES—RuuRixn 
 
 ing in une trouvaille. This “find” was the first edition of And- 
 reas Vesalius, printed by Oporinus in 1543, and bearing the colo- 
 phon, familiar to book lovers, of a semi-nude man, astride a 
 swimming dolphin. The man is crowned with a wreath and is 
 playing a harp in most animated fashion. This volume is illus- 
 trated with wood-cuts of such quality that in their day they were 
 ascribed to Titian. It went to McGill, but later, when he replaced 
 it by another, was sent to the Library of the New York Academy 
 of Medicine. 
 
 His experience with the Boston Medical Library began early, 
 as he says: 
 
 “In the first place I have a feeling of lively gratitude towards 
 this library. In 1876 as a youngster interested in certain clin- 
 ical subjects to which I could find no reference in our library at 
 McGill, I came to Boston, and here I found what I wanted, and 
 I found, moreover, a cordial welcome and many friends. It was 
 a small matter I had in hand but I wished to make it as complete 
 as possible, and I have always felt that this library helped me to 
 a good start.’ 
 
 From this time on he was a constant and helpful friend. 
 
 It would be neither possible nor profitable to enumerate here 
 all of Osler’s gifts to the various medical libraries. Some idea of 
 his donations to the Library of the College of Physicians will be 
 gained from the list published in the article on this subject in 
 this volume by Dr. E. B. Krumbhaar (p. 237). 
 
 Miss Marcia C. Noyes has written a sympathetic account 
 of his influence on the Library of the Medical and Chirurgical 
 Faculty of Maryland and on the Society itself. The Library, 
 when Osler found it, was a collection of a few thousand medical 
 books, mostly old, and some journals. When he left us, in 1909, 
 there were 14,590 volumes, and it has grown rapidly ever since. 
 Through his influence it acquired its own building, and after he left 
 in 1909 it was moved once more, to the comfortable, especially built 
 library at 1211 Cathedral Street. This new building was directly 
 due to the cast mantle of the “Chief.” In it the large meeting 
 room is known as Osler Hall. There is also an Osler endowment 
 fund and, perhaps of more importance, an Osler fund for the pur- 
 chase of books relating to medicine. Another thought of his in his 
 Baltimore period was the Book and Journal Club, an excellent 
 idea for an impecunious library. With the small dues of five dol- 
 
 
 
—— ssti(<‘OOOCOOC 
 
 ; 
 Ostur’s INFLUENCE ON Mepicat Lipraries—RvuHRAH 348 | 
 | 
 
 lars a year a group of over one hundred men were induced to 
 join this club, the meetings of which, under Dr. Osler, were a 
 delight to all book lovers. Most of the money went to the use 
 of the Library, but a portion of it, aided very generously from 
 Osler’s own purse, went to two or three meetings a year at which 
 many of the best medical minds of the country contributed to 
 the intellectual side; and Dr. Osler’s human instincts saw to it 
 that the inner man was not forgot. | 
 
 The Library at the Johns Hopkins Hospital was started at 
 about the same time as the Hospital (1887), and room was made 
 for it in the administration building. This little Library had 
 wise heads to start it, but no one took a greater part than Osler. 
 He donated much and sought out material for it when abroad, 
 and all accessions were gone over from week to week. He not 
 only used the Library himself but made his students use it, giv- fi 
 ing them references to journal articles or monographs and teach- Hi 
 ing them to go to original sources for their information. He also At 
 insisted on consulting the world’s literature, not only American 
 or English writings, but French and German as well and even in 
 other languages where the student’s linguistic ability permitted. 
 He was instrumental in getting various gifts, notably the Mar- 
 burg collection, a set of older books on medicine. 
 
 In Toronto the Library was a matter of keen interest to him 
 from the formation of the Ontario Medical Library Association 
 in 1887. He gave a large number of books, including some old 
 rare items and certain incunabula, and also established a fund in 
 honour of his old teacher, Dr. James Bovell, to whom in part his 
 text book on medicine is inscribed. The interest of this fund is 
 to purchase books on medicine, physiology or pathology. The 
 older library has been merged with that of the Academy of Medi- 
 cine and to this Osler has made a number of other gifts of money. 
 
 The great Library of the Surgeon General’s Office, in Wash- 
 ington, naturally found a warm place in Osler’s heart. As a 
 reader and borrower of books he appreciated what a treasure 
 house it was. Let him tell in his own words how he began to use 
 the Library: 
 
 “In 1881 I paid my first visit to the great Library of the 
 Surgeon General’s Office, Washington, to look up the literature 
 of echinococcus disease in America, a subject in which I had 
 become interested. At that date the Library had not yet moved 
 
 
 
 
 
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 344. OstEeR’s INFLUENCE ON MepicaAL LiBrRArins—Ruurin 
 
 from the old Pension office, and the books had far outgrown the 
 capacity of the building. It was my first introduction to Dr. 
 John §. Billings, to whose energy and perseverance the profes- 
 sion of the United States is indebted for one of the greatest col- 
 lections of medical works in the world. This was the beginning, 
 too, of a warm friendship with Dr. Robert Fletcher. Probably 
 few men in the profession owe a deeper debt of gratitude to the 
 Surgeon-General’s Library than I. Not only did I enjoy the 
 friendships of the officials of all grades, but from the Library 
 itself, and from its two great publications—the Index Catalogue 
 and Index Medicus—I have had constant help in my literary 
 work. ”’ 3 
 
 For the book lover, the bibliophile, he has had the affec- 
 tion of a brother. There certainly were but few of any promin- 
 ence that were not his warm friends, and he did much to induce 
 them to make a practical use of their predilection and knowledge. 
 
 An example, to cite but one, was the case of the scholarly 
 Cordell, for years an amateur in the history of medicine, particu- 
 larly that of Maryland. Under the genial patronage of Osler 
 this talented worker gathered his forces and his notes and brought 
 out the Medical Annals of Maryland, one of the best pieces of 
 medico-historical work produced in this country. 
 
 In this connection, it is interesting to note that Osler, while 
 a book lover, a bibliomaniac, if you will, was singularly well 
 poised in that he not only knew the value of books and libraries, 
 but their place as well. For the man so intoxicated with learn- 
 ing that his powers of action were paralyzed he had the greatest 
 sympathy. On the other hand, no one has had a livelier apprecia- 
 tion of the dangers of ignorance. No one in our time has done 
 more to lead the doctor to the library. 
 
 What, then, has been Osler’s influence on the American 
 medical libraries? This question is, in a measure, answered 
 above and chiefly in his own words. He has a keen apprecia- 
 tion of the value of medical books, as summed up in that wonder- 
 ful epigram: “To study the phenomena of disease without books 
 is to sail an uncharted sea, while to study books without patients 
 is not to go to sea at all.’”’? In addition to this, he has appreciated 
 medical libraries at their full value, not only for himself, but for 
 others. This he taught to his students and to the profession. 
 He knew and emphasized the use of the recent journals and mono- — 
 
 
 

 
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 THe New MepicaL BuILDING, McGILL UNIVERSITY 
 The Medical Library occupies the front of the upper story of this building. 
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 MEDICAL AND 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BUILDING 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 NEW 
 
 THE 
 
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 Oster’s INFLUENCE ON MepicaL LiBRARIES—RvUHRAH 345 
 
 graphs, the necessity for knowing the latest and best, and pleaded, 
 and not in vain, for the historical method of approach, and pointed 
 out the impossibility of clear vision without it. Then, too, he 
 did much to encourage the study of the lives of the masters; a 
 major part of recent biographical sketches of medical worthies is 
 due directly or indirectly to his influence. He taught us not 
 only to study the great teachers of other days, but to accord them 
 reverence and their due meed of honour. To drag the treasures 
 of the bookshelves into the open and make them mean some- 
 thing is another lesson he has taught. This lesson has fallen 
 largely on barren ground, although there is hope in the future. 
 
 He has taught the art of giving practically; he not only 
 gave himself, but led others to do likewise, not as a necessity but 
 as a privilege. Witness the Frick, the Marburg, the Casey Wood 
 contributions, to mention only three. 
 
 He knew that a library must be financed, and here again he 
 gave, led others to give and used such delightful methods of rais- 
 ing money as the Book and Journal Club. He did much to do 
 away with the old-fashioned librarian and encouraged the help- 
 ful, cheerful variety. He made the librarians feel that their work 
 was of great importance and did much to develop the esprit de 
 corps which the Medical Library Association has gone on foster- 
 ing. 
 
 His chief influence, however, is that he has imparted some- 
 thing of his spiritual quality to those about him and to those 
 with whom he came in occasional contact. This intangible 
 something, which defies description or analysis, he possessed in 
 generous measure; this Oslerian spirit will long pervade all the 
 libraries with which he has been personally associated. 
 
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 ENGLISH PERIOD (1905-1919) 
 py ae BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 OXFORD fF ieee UNIVERSITY 
 
 
 
 FOREWORD 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER IN GREAT BRITAIN 
 
 Sirk Humpury Rouueston, Bart. 
 K.C.B., M.D.,,D.C.L., D.Sc. 
 
 President of the Royal College of Physicians of London 
 Physician-in-Ordinary to H.M. the King 
 
 London, England 
 
 HE memory of Sir William Osler in the hearts of his 
 friends and admirers in Great Britain,—and no med- 
 ical man had so many,—has not become less vivid with the 
 passing years since 1919, when they lost one to whom 
 they could confidently turn in any grave emergency. His 
 associations with Great Britain may be briefly outlined 
 in relation to three periods or phases of his life; the first, 
 of fifteen months in 1872-73, just after his graduation 
 at McGill, was spent at University College working in the 
 physiological laboratory under the late Professor J. Bur- 
 don-Sanderson, and in the adjacent hospital and elsewhere 
 at clinical medicine. Some of the fruits of this post- 
 graduate study appeared in two papers on the blood in 
 the Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science (1873) and 
 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society (1874). 
 During the second period, terminating in 1905, when he 
 became Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford, he made 
 
 frequent visits in the summer months for rest and oppor- 
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 348 Srp WILLIAM OSLER IN GREAT BRITAIN—ROLLESTON 
 
 tunities for literary labours in peaceful surroundings, 
 though on several occasions there was in addition a spe- 
 cial purpose, such as the delivery of the Goulstonian Lec- 
 tures at the Royal College of Physicians of London in 
 1885 on endocarditis, and the Cavendish Lecture at the 
 West London Medico-Chirurgical Society in 1899 on the 
 etiology and diagnosis of cerebrospinal fever. When on 
 these visits he would attend in his stride, so to speak, 
 meetings of the British Medical Association. It was dur- 
 ing this period that I was fortunate enough to meet him, 
 being introduced to him at the Royal College of Physi- 
 cians about 1896 and later staying in the same house, 
 that of the late Dr. William Sykes, the Honorary Secre- 
 tary of the Medical Section, whom he characteristically 
 spoke of as ‘‘Bill Sikes’, for the Portsmouth meeting of 
 the British Medical Association in 1899. Here he took 
 part in the discussion on the preventive and remedial 
 treatment of tuberculosis opened by his future ‘brother 
 Reggie of Cambridge’, Sir Clifford Allbutt, and read a 
 paper on haemochromatosis, a subject then almost un- 
 known. When he occasionally came round the wards at 
 St. George’s Hospital, where he was afterwards Thomas 
 Young Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, it was a pleasantly 
 inspiring experience to watch his careful method of clin- 
 seal observation and how rapidly he got on friendly terms 
 with everyone; for example, in a case of von Reckling- 
 hausen’s neurofibromatosis he pointed out thinning of the 
 skin over the multiple tumours, and took a keen interest in 
 noting pulsation of the dorsal veins of the dependent 
 hands in a man with myeloid leukaemia. I remember 
 when at supper on 24th July, 1904, on his return from @ 
 visit to the late Sir John Burdon-Sanderson, who had 
 resigned the Regius Professorship at Oxford, and a few 
 days before sailing for America, his humorous query, © Do 
 you think that I am sufficiently senile to be a Regius Pro- 
 fessor?”? This gave me the erroneous impression that he 
 had no such intention, and I was much surprised and cor- 
 
 
 
Sir WILLIAM OSLER IN GREAT BRITAIN—ROLLESTON 349 
 
 respondingly delighted when on 17th August the appoint- 
 ment was made public. 
 
 On his arrival at Oxford in the spring of 1905, the first 
 house the new Regius Professor took was Number 7 Norham 
 Gardens which, curiously enough, had years before belonged 
 to my father’s friend, Goldwin Smith, the Regius Profes- 
 sor of Modern History (1858-1868), who left Oxford as 
 long ago as 1868 to become the first Professor of English 
 and Constitutional History at the then new University of 
 Cornell, and in 1871 moved to Toronto, where in 1910 he 
 died full of years and honours. As Prof W. Max Miiller 
 also lived in the Oxford house, it has had a famous 
 record. Among the earliest, in June, 1905, of the crowds 
 of his friends whom I met at Osler’s ‘‘Open Arms’ was 
 Professor Wm. H. Welch, who was over in connection with 
 J. S. Sargent’s picture in the Royal Academy (1906) of 
 what may be called ‘‘the big four” of Johns Hopkins, 
 Professors Osler, W. S. Halsted, W. H. Welch, and How- 
 ard Kelly; this fine painting* appropriately marked the first 
 break in the memorable combination which in less than 
 twenty-five years had raised the new Medical School of 
 the Johns Hopkins University to the premier position in 
 America. 
 
 This short and personal contribution to an inter- 
 national subject is advisedly headed “Sir William Osler wn 
 Great Britain” rather than in Oxford or England, for Ox- 
 ford was but the centre from which he and his activities 
 radiated far beyond the geographical boundaries of Eng- 
 land. Soon becoming the real though unobtrusive mo- 
 tive power in British medicine, he quietly gathered round 
 him some younger men to start the Association of Physi- 
 cians of Great Britain and Ireland, which held its first 
 meeting in 1907; The Quarterly Journal of Medicine, which 
 began in the same year, was most intimately linked with 
 the Association, for the members of the Editorial Board 
 were, with the exception of Sir Wilmot Herringham, who 
 
 * This famous portrait is reproduced in this volume, opposite page 258. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 350 Str WILLIAM OSLER IN GREAT BRITAIN—ROLLEsTON 
 
 became the Honorary Secretary of the Association, the 
 same as those who had been inspired to launch the 
 Association, and Osler was of course its father. It was 
 
 characteristic of him that, though the originator of the: 
 
 Association, he did not take the chair at the initial meet- 
 ing of what to all intents and purposes was a replica of 
 the Association of American Physicians of which he had 
 been President in 1895. His personal influence was elec- 
 
 tric, widespread, and immediate; it was natural for him to 
 
 encourage young men by word of mouth or by a iriendly 
 line conveying congratulations on a published paper, and 
 it was his delight to collect men to meet and know med- 
 ical visitors from America or the Continent at pleasant 
 dinners at the Athenaeum. As President of the Section 
 of Medicine of the International Congress of Medicine in 
 London (1913) he set a fine example of genial and splen- 
 did hospitality. In constant demand, he was necessarily 
 much in London, often for several days in consecutive 
 weeks, and took an active part at the Royal Society of 
 Medicine, where he was President of the Clinical Section 
 and first President of the Section of the History of Medi- 
 eine. 
 
 Overworked and grievously stricken by the loss of 
 his only son Revere during the war, he never gave 10, 
 though the change was plain to his friends; in 1919, 
 the last year of his busy life, when he had the address, 
 “The Old Humanities and the New Science”, for the 
 Classical Association hanging over him, he undertook the 
 Presidency of the Fellowship of Medicine and Post-Grad- 
 uate Association, which was struggling with the extremely 
 difficult task of establishing an efficient post-graduate 
 scheme in London. In the campaigns against tubercu- 
 losis and especially against venereal disease he was an el 
 ergetic and eloquent leader, and indeed it is difficult to 
 think of any avenue in medical progress in which he was 
 not among the pioneers. In his charming memoir of Wil- 
 liam Pepper he quoted from Matthew Arnold's “Rugby 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 Sy, 
 
 Srp WILLIAM OSLER IN GREAT BRITAIN—ROLLESTON 351 
 
 Chapel”’ and it is difficult not to apply to him the lines 
 
 ‘‘O strong soul by what shore 
 Tarriest thou now? For that force, 
 Surely, has not been left vain! 
 Somewhere, surely, afar, 
 
 In the sounding labour-house vast 
 Of being, is practised that strength 
 Zealous, beneficent, firm!”’ 
 
 Essentially a humanist, Sir William linked up medi- 
 cine with other branches of learning, and his sympathetic 
 and broad-minded culture was recognized by his election 
 as President of the Bibliographical Society for the un- 
 precedented period of seven years, and of the Classical 
 Association in 1918, the latter being the first occasion on 
 which a medical man had been chosen for this high honour 
 and thus a tribute to one of the most notable facets of his 
 personality—that of the Scholar-Physician. His early de- 
 votion to morbid anatomy never faded, and accordingly 
 he took a keen interest in the contents of museums, though 
 books, which may be regarded as museums of observations 
 and thoughts that would otherwise be isolated or lost, were 
 his ruling passion. He was a great collector of know- 
 ledge, ideas, and of the affections of men, and that he was 
 the beloved physician, the like of whom we shall not look 
 upon again, was the outcome of his ideals ‘‘to do the day’s 
 work well and not to bother about the future’’, and ‘‘ write 
 me as one that loves his fellow men”’. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 352 APPRECIATION OF Sir WILLIAM OsLER—HALE-Wuire 
 
 APPRECIATION OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER 
 Sir Wituiam Hate-Wuits, M.D., K.B.E. 
 London, England 
 
 HE work of William Osler’s life is so well known by his oral 
 
 teaching, by his writings, by the memories that have been 
 
 written about him, that in the few words that follow I have con- 
 fined myself entirely to personal reminiscences. 
 
 Osler and I met so often that it is difficult to recall the first oc- 
 casion, but it was probably just thirty years ago. My wife and 
 I went to spend a fine summer Sunday with Sir Edward Sharpey- 
 Schiifer, at his house at Croxley Green near Rickmansworth and 
 there we found Osler. We had a game of croquet, he played 
 very badly but took it lightheartedly as we all did. This was 
 the place where he cut his initials W. O. on one of the trees. 
 Schafer left Croxley Green, but since Osler’s death he and I 
 motored there to see if the initials still existed and he found 
 them. My medical life, both as student and physician, has 
 been spent at Guy’s Hospital, to which Osler was much at- 
 tached. His uncle Edward, who practised as a doctor at Truro, 
 was educated at Guy’s as was his teacher James Bovell, of Tor- 
 onto, who was Astley Cooper’s dresser and knew Bright and 
 Addison. Young Osler was greatly influenced by him, browsed 
 in his library, lived with him, helped him in his work, dedicated 
 his Text-book to him and said “in him (was) all that one.... 
 could desire in a teacher—a clear head and a loving heart.” 
 
 Another of Osler’s greatest friends was Mr. Wood, the 
 rector of St. John the Evangelist, Montreal. He was a nephew 
 of Aston Key, the Guy’s surgeon. As his writings show, Osler 
 had an immense admiration for Guy’s as a school of Medicine. 
 I remember his going there to dig among the old books in the 
 library and he was one of the first to direct attention to the fact 
 that the lectures on medicine at Guy’s Hospital, given by Bab- 
 bington and Curry, and published more than a century 280, 
 showed that then it was common teaching at the Hospital that 
 chorea was associated with rheumatism. He had a great 1 
 gard for Wilks, he tells us how when working at Morbid An- 
 atomy he relied on Wilks’ and Moxon’s well-known book, he 
 
 
 

 
 Ey, 
 
 APPRECIATION OF SiR WILLIAM OsLER—HALE-WHITE 353 
 
 speaks of ‘‘dear old Wilks” and in Volume I, of the Montreal 
 General Hospital Pathological Reports, 1878, he quotes on the 
 title page Wilks’ statement, “‘ Pathology is the basis of all true 
 instruction in practical medicine.”? About 1905 he came to stay 
 with me and one evening delivered an address before the Guy’s 
 Hospital Students’ Physical Society on the Religio Medici, of 
 which he sent my wife a charming edition. The address was 
 subsequently published by the Chiswick Press in 1906. 
 
 Shortly after the formation of Guy’s Hospital in 1725 the 
 Governors published that lengthy document ‘“‘Guy’s Will,”’ to 
 show to the public that they had faithfully carried out the wishes 
 of the founder. The book has become rare. I chanced to tell 
 Osler that I had long been on the look out for a copy. It hap- 
 pened that he, too, had been trying to find one. Shortly after 
 he came across a copy, and gave it to me on the condition that I 
 bequeathed it to the McGill Library, happily at the same time 
 I also found a copy, so I was able to return Osler his and it now 
 forms part of the collection of books which he made. 
 
 In August, 1894, he and I both took part in a discussion on 
 pyrexia and its treatment, held at the annual meeting of the 
 British Medical Association at Bristol, and the same year we 
 met at Oxford for the gathering of the British Association when 
 the Marquis of Salisbury gave the presidential address and 
 Huxley replied. Later on we stayed in the same house in Exeter 
 for the meeting of the British Medical Association there. 
 
 We examined together at the University of Cambridge and 
 I met him in consultations. One I remember was the case of a 
 young woman who was liable to attacks of angio-neurotic oe- 
 dema which caused sudden swelling of the uvula, soft palate 
 and pillars of the fauces, and so might hamper breathing. At 
 Osler’s suggestion we advised that she should always carry about 
 with her a small silver trochar to which a long silk thread was 
 attached in case it should get into the trachea or oesophagus. 
 With it her maid was to make many punctures into the swollen 
 parts if breathing became difficult. She left London and we 
 never heard if the trochar was used. We also saw together the 
 American Ambassador, Mr. Whitelaw Reid. I used to meet 
 Osler at Comitia meetings of the College of Physicians, 
 at the dinners of the Physiological Society. I was present 
 when he gave a literary lecture at the Royal Society of Medi- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 354 APPRECIATION OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER—HALE-WaHitE 
 
 cine and when the two volumes of contributions from many 
 writers published in his honour were presented to him by Clif- 
 ford Allbutt. He often came to my house and when I chanced 
 to be in Oxford I used to go to see him. He was President of 
 the Section of Medicine at the International Medical Congress 
 held in London in 1913. I was one of the Secretaries of the Sec- 
 tion so we then met often and if he could not take the chair at 
 a meeting I acted for him. 
 
 Many years ago, Kanthack, Garrod and I considered the 
 launching of a high class medical journal for the publication of 
 papers which, although of interest to those working at the scien- 
 tific aspect of medicine, did not appeal to the majority of those 
 in practice. I well remember Kanthack spending an evening 
 with me to discuss the matter. His untimely death put an end 
 to our plan, but when Osler became Regius Professor at Oxford 
 the two of us left asked his help to revive it. He threw himself 
 into the matter with enthusiasm and suggested that at the same 
 time an Association of Physicians should be formed. Sir Richard 
 Douglas Powell was asked to be chairman of a committee con- 
 sisting of Osler, Rose Bradford, Garrod, Hutchison, Rolleston and 
 myself. Douglas Powell asked us to dinner, and after dinner 
 we set to work. The Quarterly Journal of Medicine with the 
 above committee of six as editors was founded. It has appeared 
 regularly every quarter since the first number was published 
 fifteen years ago, and with the exception of Osler himself (he 
 has been replaced by Elliot) the original editors still look after 
 it. At the same meeting the Association of Physicians of Great 
 Britain and Ireland was born, with Douglas Powell as its first 
 President, Herringham as its first secretary and myself as 
 treasurer. It meets once a year in some university town in 
 England, Scotland or Ireland. The meetings are always a great 
 success. The number of members is limited to two hundred and 
 fifty and there are more applicants than there are vacancies. 
 Communications are spoken, not read, and no reporters are 
 present. | 
 
 One of the greatest compliments ever paid to me was 
 that I was called in consultation in Osler’s last illness. I went 
 twice to Oxford to see him, he was always cheerful in spite 
 of the weary weeks in bed, he spent much of his time in read- 
 ing and the last time I left him he gave me a book he had just 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 yy 
 
 
 
GS, 
 
 APPRECIATION OF SiR WILLIAM OsLER—HALE-WHITE 355 
 
 been reading, which is one of my most cherished possessions. 
 
 We often had talks on all kinds of subjects. He was es- 
 pecially anxious for the formation of Clinical Units. The head 
 of each was to devote most of his time to teaching and research 
 and to have under him young assistants to help in research, but 
 Osler was insistent that the head of the department should be 
 allowed some private practice, not because he could thereby add 
 to his income, but because practice among all classes made him 
 the better physician. Osler disliked examining and held rather 
 a poor opinion of examinations, for the qualities in a man which 
 they fail to reveal were such as appealed to him, but when ex- 
 amining a candidate he always treated him as a friendly equal 
 and put him at his ease at once. To be examined by Osler was 
 a pleasant, not a terrifying ordeal, he had so much human sym- 
 pathy that it distressed him to have to reject anyone. He was 
 full of kindness, whether or not a patient could afford to pay 
 made no difference to him, but he maintained that those who 
 could afford it should pay well for a good medical opinion, not 
 that the doctor should become rich, but because it was desirable 
 that, not having all his time occupied with making a living, he 
 should have more for the study of his profession. Osler was a 
 hero-worshipper, his heroes were mostly those who had con- 
 tributed to medicine and general literature, and his chief delight 
 was collecting books concerning them. He loved to have his 
 books about him and if any point turned up during a meal which 
 could be settled by reference he left the table at once for the re- 
 quired book. His knowledge of general literature was wide, but, 
 as might be expected, he was often as much interested in the 
 writer, as in his writings. We had been talking about some 
 writer—I forget whom—and were unable to settle some point. 
 Osler was delighted when, the next time we met, I was able to 
 announce that I had come across the answer to our difficulty. 
 Another recollection is his pleasure at the publication of a new 
 edition of Erasmus’ “‘Praise of folly’? and his bringing me a 
 copy as a present. Such a mind as his was sure to be attracted 
 to the history of medicine, his knowledge of this is shown in 
 many of his addresses, he had a real personal affection for the 
 past masters and to him is largely due the revival of the study 
 of the history of medicine. 
 
 The most prominent feature of Osler was aa friendliness, 
 
 
 
 
 
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 356 APPRECIATION OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER—HALE-Waurte 
 
 he had a liking for mankind and the happy gift of taking a real 
 interest in others; he would go out of his way to look up people 
 and if he heard of trouble he called or wrote for news; few can 
 have had more friends. Whenever he came into a house an at- 
 mosphere of cheerfulness was diffused from him, and people en- 
 joyed being in his company, it was impossible not to feel at your 
 ease with him. He thoroughly loved meeting people and 
 hence was most faithful in his attendance at gatherings of doc- 
 tors, the more informal they were the better he liked them, the 
 more red tape and ceremony the less happy was he. His per- 
 petual youth endeared him to his friends and acquaintances, he 
 was always cheerful, quick to see humour, tolerant of others 
 however foolish, if he had lived to be a hundred he never could 
 have become the prosperous, austere, or self-satisfied old man, 
 puffed up with vanity. He was accessible to every one. The 
 most humble individual could see him and talk to him, Osler 
 made him feel at home at once and the conversation proceeded 
 as between equals. 
 
 He belonged to the small class who do immense good in the 
 world by their personality. He was a fine clinical physician, 
 and his skill, thoroughness, knowledge, hard work and judg- 
 ment would at any time have put him in the front of his profes- 
 sion, but the characteristics just mentioned, together with an 
 indomitable energy and a genius for getting the best out of 
 others, made him a renowned teacher, a great example, a power 
 for good in the medical world, and gained for him the universal 
 affection of his profession. 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER’S WORK AT THE RADCLIFFE 
 INFIRMARY AND FOR THE PREVENTION 
 OF TUBERCULOSIS. 
 
 Wiu1am Coir, M.D., F.R.C.P. 
 Oxford, England 
 
 SLER attended the Annual Meeting of the British Medical 
 Association held in Oxford during July, 1904, and took @ 
 prominent part in some of the proceedings during the week. 
 He, with Sir Clifford Allbutt, Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson and a 
 
 
 
ey 
 
 OsLtER’s WorK AT RADCLIFFE [NFIRMARY—COLLIER 357 
 
 few others received at the hands of the Vice-Chancellor the hon- 
 orary degree of D.Sc. of the University. 
 
 Perchance the favourable impression he formed of the Med- 
 ical School and its future during this visit induced him to accept 
 the Regius Professorship of Medicine which had been offered 
 him. It was actually on board the vessel which was to convey 
 him home, that his decision was made. When it became gen- 
 erally known to Oxford medical graduates that he had accepted, 
 the rejoicings were universal and sincere. It was felt that no 
 wiser or better selection could have been made. Nine months 
 later found him taking up his life in Oxford, and a very strenu- 
 ous life it proved to be. The wards of the Radcliffe Infirmary 
 were open to him and he was invited to make use of them in 
 any way he wished, without any kind of restriction, for the pur- 
 poses of clinical teaching, and this was all he asked for. He at 
 once started a weekly clinical visit to the wards and all doctors 
 and senior students were welcomed. His visits attracted a 
 large class of medical practitioners who were eager to take ad- 
 vantage of his teaching. We soon recognized that he was no 
 ordinary teacher, but one who could speak to us with an ex- 
 traordinary first-hand experience of disease. These clinics were 
 continued up to the outbreak of the War and were recommenced 
 shortly after it was over. He also gave a weekly clinic for the 
 medical students. Apart from this his visits to the hospital 
 wards were frequent, he more than once told me that he was 
 surprised at the number of remarkable cases he saw in so com- 
 paratively small a hospital. Apart from the teaching he took a 
 very great interest in the development of the work of the hospi- 
 tal and attended with great regularity the meetings of the staff, 
 acting as chairman. What an excellent chairman he was! 
 Never saying an unnecessary word, always keeping us to the 
 point at issue and above all never allowing any of us to lose our 
 tempers. He was indeed a peace-maker. Whenever anything 
 was said likely to interfere with the harmony of the meeting, 
 a humorous remark of Osler’s would be quite sufficient to calm 
 the troubled waters. Nor were his medical interests limited to 
 the wards of the hospital. We found him a most enthusiastic 
 supporter of our medical societies, always ready, often at great 
 inconvenience to himself, to open a discussion or demonstrate a 
 case—more especially was he anxious to help the division and 
 
 a) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 358 OstEeR’s WorK AT RADCLIFFE INFIRMARY—COLLIER 
 
 branch meetings of the British Medical Association. He be- 
 lieved these meetings were specially valuable as they brought 
 the country practitioners into friendly contact with their city 
 colleagues. Largely owing to Osler’s influence our medical meet- 
 ings during these years reached a high water mark of attendances. 
 
 His vast experience often enabled him to make a very strik- 
 ing diagnosis on a difficult case. On one occasion during the 
 War a patient was sent from a military dept diagnosed as suf- 
 fering from tetanus; he had been under observation for five or 
 six days. While examining the patient Osler discovered that he 
 had a left-sided pneumonia, and at once said the case was not 
 one of tetanus, but of acute pneumococcal meningitis. A few 
 hours later the patient was visited by the R.A.M.C. officer whose 
 duty it was to deal with all cases of tetanus among the wounded 
 soldiers in the various hospitals of four adjacent counties. This 
 officer, after a careful examination of the patient was so con- 
 vinced that it was a case of tetanus that he at once gave the pa- 
 tient an injection of anti-tetanic serum into the spinal canal. A 
 day or two later the patient died and the autopsy proved that 
 Osler’s diagnosis was the correct one. 
 
 I can recall Osler’s diagnosis of a few very obscure cases, 
 based on an experience of somewhat similar cases which he had 
 seen and remembered and which proved subsequently to be cor- 
 rect. , 
 Of the many outside movements he was interested in, I 
 think the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis was nearest 
 his heart. It was by his desire and mainly through his driving 
 power, that a branch of the National Association for the Preven- 
 tion of Consumption was started in Oxford in 1910. A success- 
 ful conference, at which most of the leading authorities on tu- 
 berculosis were present, and contributed to the success of the 
 meeting by reading papers or taking part in the discussions, 
 was held in the city, in order to attract the attention of the in- 
 habitants to the subject. The success of this meeting was al- 
 most entirely due to the personal effort of Osler. He, himself, 
 wrote a most admirable leaflet entitled “What the Public can 
 do in the Fight against Tuberculosis.”” From the inauguration 
 of this branch to the time of his death he acted as president and 
 in spite of the many calls on his time he made it convenient to 
 attend its fortnightly executive meetings. He did more than 
 
 
 

 
 OstER’s Work AT RapcuLirre INFIRMARY—COLLIER 359 
 
 this, he frequently attended the tuberculosis dispensary and 
 helped the tuberculosis officer in difficult cases. The secretary 
 of the Association has put it on record, that he often went far 
 into the country to see patients in their own homes and so got 
 to know the hard conditions of poverty and bad housing many 
 of them had to contend with. He always held most strongly 
 that any hospital or sanatorium for the treatment of tubercular 
 patients should be directly linked up with the county hospitals, 
 and he was specially anxious that the Radcliffe Infirmary and 
 County Hospital should set the example in this respect. His 
 wishes seem likely to be fulfilled, for in recent years a large sum 
 was raised by the Radcliffe Infirmary, and an estate purchased 
 in the neighbourhood of Oxford, excellently adapted for the 
 open-air treatment of tuberculosis patients, and immediate steps 
 are being taken for the building of a hospital for the treatment of 
 such cases. 
 
 I leave it to others to speak of his many other activities 
 both at Oxford and elsewhere, of his genius for teaching, of his 
 wonderful power of stimulating enthusiasm for work in others, 
 and of his influence in moulding the character of the medical stu- 
 dents who came under his guidance. The impression left on my 
 mind is that his activities during his Oxford period could not 
 have been less than they had been at any period of his life. Per- 
 haps the most remarkable fact of all was this, that if ever a friend 
 or colleague were ill he would invariably find time to look in 
 upon him and cheer him up with innumerable little acts of kind- 
 ness which meant so much to the patient. 
 
 I do not doubt that he was the same Osler at Oxford as he 
 was in Canada and America. The kindest hearted and most 
 lovable of men, one who never said an unkind word of any one, 
 and who set a noble example to his friends. 
 
 
 
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 360 A PERSONAL REMINISCENCE—WEBER 
 
 PERSONAL REMINISCENCE 
 F. Parkes WEBER | 
 
 London, England 
 
 IR WILLIAM OSLER was a source of inspiration to me. 
 Amongst the mass of subjects in which he took 5 cial 
 interest there were many in which I, in my way, was also. in 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a similar subject—there was even perhaps an element of ger = 
 rivalry in his encouragement. He repeatedly gave me 
 obtained for me valuable information and told me that i i 
 worth while telling me, “for I made good use of it.” I she 
 think he never tired of observing and collecting data and rc 
 paring them. That alone kept him always young» to. a 
 interested in the same subjects; but this impression ‘of you 
 ness was much increased by his sense of humour and cheer ar 
 ness. He certainly appreciated the retention of general in inte 
 by old persons and when he wrote anything to me he. fi 
 always added “greetings to the young sma something of e 
 the kind,—meaning my father. Once it was ‘cardiac greetings.” 
 
 He enjoyed life and work immensely, and did not believe fiat 
 any feeling of contrast (past misfortune, difficulties, ete.,) was 
 
 necessary for cs cate enjoyment of an active useful life. 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER* ae 
 Cuartes Singer, M.D., ‘D:Litt., Oxford, F.R.G.P.. . 
 
 
 
 
 
 University College, London, England 
 
 fully the change wrought by his personality, not only 1 
 mechanism, but in the whole spirit. Among Osler’s predecess0 i 
 in the chair at Oxford have been men of the very highest scien- 
 
 *Extracted by permission from the British Medical Journal, Jan. 3rd 
 and 10th, 1920. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 WILLIAM OSLER—SINGER 361 
 
 tific distinction, but few or none had that kind of knowledge 
 which comes of a long life of clinical teaching and of a wide ex- 
 perience of a variety of medical schools. This was Osler’s spe- 
 cial asset, and it was associated in him with actual scientific at- 
 tainments and humanistic sympathies that have probably not 
 been found in combination to a like degree in any one medical 
 teacher since the days of Boerhaave. 
 
 When Osler first came to Oxford medicine was, indeed, re- 
 cognized by the university both by reason of the antiquity of 
 the endowments that existed to promote it and because it was 
 generally allowed to be a part of the organon of knowledge. 
 But the school was exiguous in dimensions and in many ways 
 cut off from other medical schools, and a large proportion of 
 its students—and these among the most gifted—were men who 
 came to medicine not as a first choice but after having completed 
 a course in some other faculty. Excellent work was done in 
 Oxford in those days under the most difficult conditions, but it 
 is no injustice to a bygone system to say that in the nature of 
 the case it could attract only the few. 
 
 With the advent of Osler all this was changed. First, his 
 own manifold attainments provided a natural link with other 
 departments. His enthusiasm for learning was, from his first 
 settling in Oxford until his last public utterance, exerted in the 
 direction of bringing the great resources of medical history, in 
 the widest sense, into relation with the general cultural stream. 
 This extraordinary range of intellectual interests it was that 
 chiefly marked him out and gave him his supreme quality— 
 judgment. It is for the degree to which he possessed this 
 quality, rather than as a pioneer or investigator, that pos- 
 terity will remember him, as it remembers his great prototype 
 Boerhaave. Not that either of these men lacked scientific 
 powers or failed of scientific achievement. But it was their 
 power of judgment, drawn, on the one hand, from great stores 
 of experience, and, on the other hand, from great powers of vi- 
 sion, that gave them their quality as teachers and as inspirers 
 of others, and their insight as physicians. It was certainly 
 this that was the primary source of Osler’s influence at Oxford. 
 
 As soon as Osler came to Oxford he recognized the need of 
 bringing the academic teaching of medicine there more fully 
 into touch with the realities of practice. He not only threw all 
 
 27 
 
 oN 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 362 WILLIAM OSLER—SINGER 
 
 his weight into the adequate development of the departments 
 of pathology and physiology, but he immediately discerned the 
 need and the possibility of an extension there of clinical teaching. 
 He saw that Oxford, a town of between fifty thousand and sixty 
 thousand inhabitants, could never become a great clinical school, 
 but he knew from practical experience the special value that an 
 academic atmosphere may give to clinical instruction and the 
 value also that comes from an intensive study of material—a 
 method either difficult or impossible in many busier centres. 
 He thus succeeded in linking up scientific investigation and 
 clinical experience. Nor will this method disappear with his 
 direct influence for he has inspired and left behind him a num- 
 ber of younger and distinguished exponents who will carry on 
 his tradition. 
 
 Osler was gifted with those peculiar qualities of heart as 
 well as of head that made it always seem to those in his com- 
 pany that their own interests were his also; but the seeming was 
 something more than a mere appearance—it was a reality. He 
 possessed a remarkable sense of continuity, and this gave 
 rise, on the one hand, to his love of antiquity, especially as ex- 
 pressed in the historical method, and, on the other hand, to his 
 love of young people, and his constant desire to have active 
 and moving minds around him. He was no mere antiquarian. 
 It was the living past that appealed to him, the past that he 
 traced in the present and foresaw in the future. For such a 
 spirit Oxford was an ideal home: Oxford with its inexhaustible 
 store of ancient memories and its young and progressive medical 
 school, Oxford with the researches of its scholars and its scien- 
 tists going on endlessly side by side. Into the heart of this 
 complex place Osler did not creep but leapt, and became at once 
 part and parcel of it, influenced by it and loving it, but never 
 losing his own rich and complex personality that had been 
 moulded by other forces of which, as yet, Oxford knew but little. 
 
 And so it came about that he retained in Oxford just those 
 powers of making his surroundings react to him that had been 
 discerned in him in other and less conservative environment. 
 This was the secret of his power, and this it was which enabled 
 him to raise the Medical School at Oxford to the position that 
 it now occupies. 
 
 
 
 Se ee ee ee ee 
 

 
 ‘ES, 
 
 Str WILLIAM OsLER AT OxrorD—MALLOcH 363 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER AT OXFORD* 
 ArcHIBALD Matuocu, M.D., M.R.C.P. (Lond.) 
 
 Montreal 
 
 T is difficult here to do more than merely outline the life and in- 
 fluence of a great man during fifteen busy years of his life, and 
 when the man is Osler the task is not more easy, so extraordinarily 
 varied were his activities. Perhaps my close association with him 
 during the past five years may make it possible for me to jot down 
 some little notes of incidents in his life and of his conversations. 
 Those who knew him well will always feel proud, and at the 
 same time humble, in the thought of their great privilege, and re- 
 gret that so very many of his ardent admirers, who knew him only 
 through the written word, were not, each one of them, able to see 
 him and to converse with him; to hear him teaching at the bed- 
 side; to see him busy with his books; and to play with him. The 
 moment one came near him one felt distinctly that he was a great 
 and good man. The truly nobly proportioned head and forehead 
 bespoke intellectual power, his face was kindliness itself, and that 
 merry twinkle in his dark eyes gave proof of humour, which is so 
 much akin to sympathy with one’s fellow men. 
 
 I 
 
 So much a “‘servant of the public” at Baltimore, with every year 
 his professional work becoming heavier and heavier, and at times 
 “almost at the breaking point,’’ Osler felt that to attempt to keep 
 up would in a short time kill him. He was offered the Regius 
 Professorship of Medicine at Oxford and accepted it. It was very 
 hard indeed for him “to pull up stakes” and to leave his count- 
 less friends and so many pleasant associations. It was no new 
 thing for him, however, for he had long before realized when leay- 
 ing Montreal, and again on saying good-bye to Philadelphia, that 
 such was the lot of a student and a teacher with a mission. And 
 it was harder for him than for many other men as no one made so 
 
 
 
 ; * Reprinted with certain slight additions and omissions by permission from 
 a He Memorial Number” of The Canadian Medical Association Journal, 
 uly, 1920. 
 
 
 
 
 
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 364 Sir WILLIAM OSLER AT OxFroRD—MALLocH 
 
 many warm friends amongst his confréres in the profession, and 
 amongst those outside of it, as Osler did. He had a way of so 
 entering into the life of a community in which he lived and worked, 
 and of so infusing it with his spirit, that in some indefinable way it 
 became Osler. 
 
 There was much to attract him in England and he knew 
 it well from life in his post-graduate days and from numerous trips 
 in the summer vacation. England offered him, in many ways, 
 things that he could not find in the New World, and not least 
 amongst these was Bodley’s Library. And as he once said: “It 
 was always my wish to live within an hour’s run of the British 
 Museum.” The true student has that infinite longing for more, 
 and I remember Sir William jokingly saying to me: “You know 
 I came over here to get educated and to read the Dictionary of 
 National Biography.” Before he died, he had read through 
 nearly all of those sixty-three volumes and supplements. To-day 
 all the little book-markers and manuscript notes in the fine set in 
 his dining-room—a much cherished gift from some of his “boys” 
 in Baltimore—bear witness to that fact. 
 
 Little did he know, or at least little did he say that he knew, 
 that over here it was going to be just as impossible for him to spare 
 himself. With each succeeding year the volume of his work in- 
 creased. The physical exertion, however, was not quite so great 
 as at Baltimore, and from the age of fifty-five to seventy years he 
 was able to accomplish for his fellow man—it was never for him- 
 self, but for others that he laboured—what to many men would be 
 counted a life’s work. 
 
 II 
 
 Ar the Oxford Medical School only the primary subjects are taught, 
 and for his clinical work the student goes to London, but finally 
 tries his examinations for the M.B. at Oxford. Osler took a great 
 interest in the organization of the various departments and in the 
 teaching of the pre-clinical subjects, including pathology, and no- 
 where, one might say, are better courses offered in these subjects 
 than at Oxford. It was extraordinary how Sir William sustained 
 his interest in problems of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology; 
 a student or post-graduate worker, engaged upon & special piece of 
 work, was always sure of a visit from “the Regius”’ to see how he 
 was getting on, to be asked if he had seen the paper of So-and-so 
 
 
 
 ee ad ee ee 
 
 
 
Str WILLIAM OSLER AT OxFoRD—MALLocH 365 
 
 on the same subject in a recent journal, or to receive an invitation 
 to come and look over old medical books on the history of the 
 matter. 
 
 The Regius Professor of Medicine is, of course, head of the 
 School, but is required to give few lectures. Every Sunday morn- 
 ing during Term, however, Osler made rounds in the wards of the 
 Radcliffe Infirmary, which, by the way, is one of the best of the 
 County Infirmaries in England, and equipped with splendid bright 
 laboratories, in the construction and arrangement of which Sir 
 William played a great part. ‘Just to keep my hand in,” he 
 used to say of these weekly clinics. At ten o’clock sharp he was 
 met at the gate by a band of waiting undergraduates, and all 
 trooped up to the wards. He always had a word for some of the 
 students, and often slipped his arm in theirs or patted one on the 
 back. There was a kind and cheery word for the sisters, and in 
 passing he would pop into the kitchen and sample the pudding 
 for the day. Nothing could be more encouraging for a young 
 fellow, and Sir William had a way of making you think of him as a 
 student too, if also as a much senior one. 
 
 I have kept many notes of these Sunday morning clinics. I 
 had often heard from his Johns Hopkins pupils of Dr. Osler’s ward 
 rounds, but the realization exceeded the anticipation. Just 
 imagine a man beginning his clinical work under him and you will 
 understand the privilege the medical student had at Oxford. 
 Above all he taught them to use their eyes, and, if the light were 
 not good, the bed was always swung around full in front of the 
 window. Sometimes half an hour was spent in merely looking 
 at a patient and in talking over the things that could be seen under 
 Sir William’s guidance. One somehow got the idea that he would 
 never need more than his eyes to read the nature of the disease. 
 The greatest gift a teacher can have is to so say things that they 
 make an indelible impression on his students, and Sir William had 
 a very remarkable way of doing this. I can see him now standing 
 at the bedside, with one foot slightly in advance of the other and 
 the outer edge of his shoe resting on the floor. By a curious move- 
 ment of his head, he would allow his glasses to fall from his nose, 
 and then he would enumerate points in the history, or the signs, 
 one by one, on the fingers of his left hand. This was always ac- 
 companied by some singularly apt turn of speech, by a well-known 
 quotation, or by some epigram of his own which made the fact 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 366 Sir WitLIAM OsLER AT OxrorD—MALLocu 
 
 stick in one’s memory. He himself always remembered facts in 
 connection with cases of his own, and there would often follow a 
 short account of “that case at the Montreal General Hospital,” 
 or of cases at Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Oxford. The history of 
 the disease seemed to be always at his command and the student 
 would be urged to look up Virchow’s or Addison’s original descrip- 
 tion. | 
 He often confessed that he did not know the origin of a word 
 or its exact meaning when he was dictating a note, and in his own 
 medical dictionary, kept in the ward, the point under question 
 would be looked up on the spot. Then, too, he would sometimes 
 tell us of mistakes that he had made himself and the point would 
 be further impressed upon our minds, Only a really great teacher 
 will relate where he was at fault. If the case required the use of a 
 microscope he would go to the end of the ward and make the ex- 
 amination himself and show us, for instance, what could be learned 
 from an unstained drop of blood. 
 
 I remember that once, when Sir William could not get any- 
 thing like a satisfactory history of a case, he turned away from the 
 patient “John” and said: ‘It is sometimes a great advantage 
 to have been a Vet., for you cannot be led astray by the history ’””— 
 alluding to his work in comparative pathology in Montreal. For 
 patients suffering from the strain of the war, mental and physical, 
 he would say “acute Marsitis.” When another was mentally 
 deficient, Sir William described him as one “born with one layer 
 of his grey cortex left out.’’ The round of the wards would 
 generally close about twelve o’clock with a visit to the children, 
 and there he once told us of the three drugs with which one could 
 practise in children’s diseases, ‘castor oil for the acute cases, grey 
 powder for the chronic cases, and paregoric to allow the mother 
 to sleep.” | | 
 
 Before we left the hospital Sir William generally called in 
 at the Pathological Laboratory to see if Dr. Gibson had anything 
 of interest. He was always informed when autopsies were goulg 
 to be done and made a point of going over from his home to see 
 them. In the winter of 1919 he made a post-mortem examination 
 himself on a ease of influenza with rare complications, and was as 
 enthusiastic in working up the details of it as a young man. 
 case was published in The Lancet. 
 
 On Tuesday afternoons Sir William used to have a class at the 
 
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 Sirk WILLIAM OSLER AT OxrorpD—MALLocH 367 
 
 Infirmary more especially for instruction in Physical Diagnosis, 
 and I remember him slyly poking fun at those who are able to go 
 into the super-refinements of percussion. His comment on this 
 was: “Iam afraid I have not got a musical ear.” It was inter- 
 esting to hear him say that Grocco was the best man on percus- 
 sion that he ever saw. At this period of the work he invited the 
 students to his house for an evening in the library to tell them the 
 story of Laenneec and Auenbrugger, and to show them various 
 editions of the works of these men. Sometimes, when the Oxford 
 and County Medical Society gathered together, Osler gave a 
 clinic for their benefit on Aneurism or another of his pet diseases. 
 
 Sir William’s consulting work did not demand so much of his 
 time as at Baltimore, but it is remarkable the number of patients 
 he did see, both in Oxford and indeed in almost any part of Eng- 
 land, when one thinks of all the other engagements he had. More 
 than one medical man in the county of Oxfordshire has told me how 
 much he owed to Sir William Osler’s kindness in coming out to see 
 obscure cases with him. On these occasions he would often have 
 tea at the doctor’s house and a romp with the “‘bairns.”” He could 
 come out from the most serious case and be at once a child with 
 them in their games and play all sorts of pranks. How these little 
 children used to look forward to a visit from “the Regius!”’ 
 Should a doctor bring a patient from some distance to obtain Sir 
 William’s opinion they would often be invited to remain for lunch 
 or tea. Some word let drop, or some book mentioned by Sir Wil- 
 liam, could do so much to help a man up to the eyes and ears in 
 general practice. It did not take Sir William long to learn the 
 hobby of either doctor or patient, and they would receive some 
 encouragement and advice, especially should the recreation lead 
 them along the paths of the antiquarian. Few physicians have 
 been able to learn to know their patients so intimately, for 
 any uneasiness or sense of embarrassment on the side of the latter 
 was quickly chased away by Sir William’s gentle and kindly touch. 
 To such insight as he was thus able to gain, was due, in a large 
 part, his extraordinary power of picturing in his own mind the out- 
 look for the patient, and of outlining the most common-sense treat- 
 ment. No one ever knew better than he, that circumstances alter 
 cases. Sir William has several times said to me: “Any success 
 I have had as a consultant has been due to a knowledge of the 
 proper use of digitalis and opium; look what Sydenham owed to 
 opium!”’ 
 
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 368 Sip WILLIAM OSLER AT OxFORD—MALLOcH 
 
 III 
 
 Iv is not possible even to mention all Sir William’s interests in 
 Oxford itself, in and outside of the University. He was President 
 of the Oxfordshire Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis 
 for nine years, and was a tower of strength to them in “the battle 
 against this scourge.”’ As one of the Radcliffe Trustees he did much 
 to guide the policy in matters concerning the Radcliffe Library, 
 where are kept most of the modern scientific books of the Uni- 
 versity; in the upkeep and improvement of the Radcliffe Camera, 
 where the modern books of the Bodleian Library may be read; and 
 in choosing the Radcliffe Travelling Fellows. His interest in the 
 relays of Rhodes Scholars has become proverbial, and never did 
 I see such an enthusiastic audience as on February 12th, 1916, 
 when he told the story of his life to the Americans at an evening 
 meeting of their club. 
 
 As Delegate to the Clarendon Press, he attended with the 
 greatest regularity their weekly meetings, where its affairs were 
 ordered. At these sessions it was discussed which books should 
 be printed, or which should be reprinted, and these questions were 
 extremely difficult to answer, especially during war-time, when 
 there was such a drain upon the staff, and when economy was a 
 necessity. He delighted in this work and sometimes after such 
 meetings he would relate to us interesting anecdotes about the 
 sale of books, or books that had been rejected, and perhaps tell 
 us how the edition of such and such a grammar of some weird and 
 outlandish language, published scores and scores of years ago, 
 had just that week been exhausted; or how, for a certain classic 
 to be reprinted, a fount of type was to be used which had not been 
 employed for two hundred years or So. A copy of practically 
 every book printed by The Press came to his house by right of his 
 position and he would quaintly call these “the delicacies of The 
 Press.” For his own library many of these were kept, but how 
 many people all over the world have received, as a gift from him, 
 those on subjects of their own peculiar interest! This is only one 
 way he stretched out a helping hand to his fellow man, especially 
 to those in the third and fourth decades. 
 
 Before his arrival in Oxford Sir William was invited to be- 
 come a Student of Christ Church. He was proud to belong to 
 the college of Robert Burton, the author of the Anatomy of Melan- 
 
 
 
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 Sir WILLIAM OSLER AT OxFroRD—MALLOCH 369 
 
 choly, and of John Locke, the philosopher and physician. They 
 had both been close friends of his for years, and the book of the 
 one, and the medical side of the other, formed subjects of two of his 
 essays. He spent much time in arranging their books in the col- 
 lege library. Every Sunday night Sir William dined ‘in Hall’’ 
 and he scarcely ever went without taking a guest as well. He 
 also had delightful rooms at “The House,” which often were 
 occupied by a visitor who could not be ‘‘squeezed in”’ at home. 
 
 At Ewelme, fourteen miles from Oxford, one of the most 
 picturesque villages of England, Alice of Suffolk, granddaughter 
 of Geoffrey Chaucer, founded in 1437 an alms-house for thirteen 
 old men of the district, and in the beautiful church beside it she 
 lies buried. The Regius Professor of Medicine is Master of 
 Ewelme, and Sir William took a lively interest in all its affairs. 
 Sometimes he was able to steal away and stay there for a short 
 time in the Master’s rooms. He found all the old records a mass 
 of mould, but left them bound together in huge volumes preserved 
 for all time in a fire-proof safe in the muniment room. What a 
 delight it was for him or Lady Osler to take visitors out there to 
 that peaceful and secluded spot! 
 
 Perhaps Sir William’s greatest interest at Oxford outside of 
 his medical work lay in the Bodleian Library. He was one of the 
 eight ex-officio Curators and no one could have been keener about 
 its history since the time when the Founder ‘“‘set up his staffe 
 at the Librarie dore in Oxon.” It is astonishing how soon after 
 Sir William arrived at Oxford he became an acknowledged au- 
 thority on the history of many of her institutions. It is surpris- 
 ing, too, that he so quickly could tell one about the ‘“‘treasures”’ 
 which were to be found beneath the roof of Bodley’s Library, but 
 of course many of them were well known to him even before he 
 came to England as more than a bird of passage. As with the 
 books, so with many of his interests, his memory was almost un- 
 believable. How he found time to read the scores of sale cata- 
 logues in odd moments, it is difficult to imagine. Not only could 
 he tell one the dates of hundreds of first editions and in which 
 great library or in whose private possession they were, but also he 
 was often able to say which was the best edition, and give “‘associa- 
 tion”’ details of the wanderings of rare ones. 
 
 In his half hours of reading in bed, every night for forty or 
 fifty years, he covered everything at all worth while, poetry as 
 
 “" 2) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ) 
 
 
 
 370 Sir WILLIAM OsLeR AT OxFrorD—MALLoce 
 
 well as prose, and he seemed to retain it all and be able to tell you 
 where any line of verse came from, and could often recite the poem. 
 One day he set a hoax examination paper in Honour English for 
 some girls staying in the house, which would have stretched the 
 pia mater, almost to breaking point, of any learned professor of 
 literature! 
 
 His memory for his own medical cases, or for those of other 
 men of which he had read, was of the same high order, and of his 
 knowledge of pathological specimens, illustrating some very inter- 
 esting point, the same might be said. He was able to recall to 
 mind in which museum of Canada, the United States or of Europe, 
 they were to be found. His remarkable memory came through 
 nurture as well as by nature, and he was constantly and quietly 
 verifying it; and, from his work as a teacher, certain details were 
 always before him. Then, too, he had a way of telling one about 
 things that he had just read, and facts were ever being reimpressed 
 upon his mind. 
 
 For “The Bodleian” Sir William did yeoman service, and it is 
 largely due to his initiative that many of the important moves have 
 been made in late years. To the visitor’s eye “Bodley”’ with its 
 Duke Humphrey’s Library and Selden End, is the outward garb 
 of ancient learning, and little does he suspect that beneath the 
 grass plot, which separates the Camera from it, there lies the huge 
 cavern of the Underground Bookstore, with room for about a 
 million books which will be penned in future years. Sir William — 
 was largely responsible for this innovation, and it is equipped with 
 the most modern of bookcases on rollers in order to save much 
 space. He urged that a room be set aside for research in the 
 History of Science, and here in the Camera are to be found col- — 
 lected all the necessary books of reference; very well, too, has this 
 room justified its existence. A room was also made ready for the 
 students of Music, and a display of the Oriental rarities was some 
 years ago arranged—ideas of his which were put into execution. 
 At his suggestion the Bodleian Quarterly Record was started and 
 it is now flourishing. When, in 1906, the Bodleian First Folio 
 of Shakespeare was bought in again, his solicitation of old friends 
 brought some of the large subscriptions. 
 
 What a treat it was to see him take those little flights of steps, 
 two or three at a time, which led up to Bodley; they are 7 
 with short landings between, but never did he have to rest! He 
 
 
 

 
 Str WILLIAM OSLER AT OxFrorRD—MALLOCH 371 
 
 went up them like a young colt, and one felt that here was a time 
 when a few m nutes were free for him to enjoy one of the greatest 
 delights of his life. He was scarcely ever able, at least during the 
 War, to remain long with the books and his little papers of notes. 
 These brief visits, however, seemed to mean much to the whole 
 staff from Bodley’s Librarian down to the little youngsters who 
 scurry about fetching books; an inquiry here as to how the work 
 was going on; a joke with an old Don, with whom perhaps no one 
 had ever dared joke before; a sly dig at another staid and serious 
 student, deep in manuscript lore; and all went more merrily on 
 their way. Going down again, as his heels and toes clicked on the 
 steps and landings, he used to say: ‘“ You know one must always 
 take them in a certain rhythm.” 
 
 IV 
 
 Sir WriL1AM OsLEeR’s knowledge was so sound on medical ques- 
 tions and on matters of education that there was hardly a commit- 
 tee concerned with these problems which did not have him as 
 one of its active members. He had a deep and abiding interest 
 in the Royal College of Physicians, and as often as was possible 
 went to London to the meetings there. He was steeped in the 
 history of the medical men who, in times gone by, were Fellows or 
 held the high office of President. Only last year he told me that 
 a close neighbour of his in Oxford would, in a short time, have been 
 a Fellow for the long period of sixty years, and suggested that a 
 letter of congratulation should be sent to him on the anniversary 
 day. Sir William was very pleased if he could find for the Col- 
 lege, and present to it, a book which was not already amongst the 
 old volumes in the library. We know how much he would have 
 liked to have been President, but that could not be unless he lived 
 in London. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and his splen- 
 did collection of books about it testify to his great interest in its 
 history. 
 
 During the War he was a Civilian Member of the committees 
 at the War Office, and on medica] questions, such as the establish- 
 ment of Special Hospitals, his advice was invaluable. I fancy 
 that many of these ventures, for it was a war in which much that 
 was new had to be thought of to meet changing conditions, were 
 due to his suggestion. The Director General of Medical Services 
 used often to write long letters to Sir William, in his own hand, 
 
 = 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 372 Sir WILLIAM OsLeR AT OxForRD—MALLoc# 
 
 seeking his advice and opinion on many important questions. 
 Then, too, Sir William was on the committee concerned with the 
 Medical History of the War and on the War Reports Committee. 
 We Canadians know what valuable aid he lent to the Canadian 
 Army Medical Corps. 
 
 Sir William was an Honorary Colonel, and, although not 
 “called up,” he paid a weekly visit as a Medical Consultant to the 
 Duchess of Connaught’s Red Cross Hospital at Taplow. Those 
 who were privileged to accompany him on his tour of the wards 
 will never forget his bedside talks. It was there that he got to 
 know well the medical officers of the C.A.M.C., and how many 
 were pleased to be asked about some medical relative, whom Sir 
 William knew in days gone by, or to receive a tender inquiry for 
 a doctor who lived in their own town! As Consultant he also went 
 to Beachborough, to the Heart Hospital at Hampstead or Col- 
 chester, and to the American Hospital at Paignton. Later on 
 he made a point of visiting as far as possible all the American hos- 
 pitals in the south of England or round about London. What a 
 help he was to countless men at these places! On the receipt 
 of a cable, requesting him to do so, he would go anywhere to any 
 hospital in England to see a Canadian or American soldier, and 
 reply at once with a message to the anxious parents that all pos- 
 sible was being done. 
 
 Sir William was on the Council of the National Association 
 for the Prevention of Consumption and other Forms of Tubercu- 
 losis, and last autumn was prevented by his illness from delivering 
 an address at their gathering. He was one of the founders of the 
 Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland and an 
 Editor of the Quarterly Journal of Medicine. He would scarcely 
 ever decline to act on any committee or commission, no matter 
 how heavy the work it might involve or how many trips to Lon- 
 don, if only he thought he could be of service toward the common 
 weal. I remember one week during which he had to be in town 
 every day. Thus he undertook the work of a member of the 
 Venereal Commission and a still greater task on the Royal Com- 
 mission on Education in Wales. In the summer of 1916 he made a 
 trip through Wales in connection with that work, which greatly 
 interested him. Through his help a very large endowment was 
 obtained for education there, and after that trip he used to say: 
 “They seem to think I run the University of Wales.” He was 02 
 
 Ne NI I 
 
 —* Lo 
 
 
 

 
 Ey, 
 
 Str WILLIAM OSLER AT OxrorD—MALLocH 373 
 
 the University Grants Commission, and through his death a loss 
 was sustained which it is difficult to estimate. His ideas were 
 so clear on what should be done in any matter of this kind that it 
 was wonderful to see him sit down at his table with a sheet of 
 paper, and, in a surprisingly short space of time, draw up an out- 
 line of a very large scheme. It has been an idea for some time 
 to establish an American hospital in London, and I can see him 
 now sitting up in bed in his last illness sketching out a plan of 
 the various services and departments that he thought should be 
 part of it, to send off to the meeting which he was unable to attend. 
 
 Sir John MacAlister has told me of the scheme which was so 
 dear to his heart and of what a help Osler was in carrying it through 
 after the death of Sir Andrew Clark. This was to unite sixteen 
 or seventeen of the various Medical Societies in London, and in 
 1907, when the Medical and Chirurgical Society became the 
 Royal Society of Medicine, this was accomplished. Sir William 
 was the first President of the Section of the History of Medicine 
 and was always the very inspiration and moving force at their 
 meetings. During the War his experience and sane judgment were 
 of the greatest value in the discussions in such diseases as Paraty- 
 phoid, Cerebrospinal Meningitis, and War Nephritis. The Fellow- 
 ship of Medicine largely owes its existence to Sir William, who 
 wished the post-graduate medical teaching in London to avail 
 itself of the wealth of material at all the hospitals. He became its 
 first President in 1919. Sir William was President of the Classical 
 Association that year and, on May 16th, 1919, gave his address 
 in the Divinity School at Oxford on The Old Humanities and the 
 New Science. Who could have been better qualified to speak on 
 both of these at one and the same time? A distinguished Johns 
 Hopkins colleague was there to hear him and remarked: “That 
 is the best thing he has done.”’ 
 
 To go up from Oxford with Sir William for a day in London 
 was a great treat, but for a much younger man like myself was very 
 strenuous. His staying power and energy were marvellous, and 
 I could not help trying to picture to myself the way in which he 
 must have run about Montreal years ago. It was no uncommon 
 thing for him to trot from “the General’ to the Old Medical 
 Building, and some of us know what it is like to try and do that. 
 On the way up to Paddington Sir William would read medical 
 journals. As soon as we arrived, we would dive into a “tube,” 
 
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 374 Sir WILLIAM OSLER AT OxFORD—MALLOCH 
 
 and on one occasion went to Guy’s. There we went over the wards 
 and saw a wonderful case of arterio-venous aneurism. We then 
 hurried off to Out Patients and saw the neurological cases of the 
 day. After lunch in the hospital we were at an operation on a 
 case in which Sir William was interested, and after that we were 
 off to the Manuscript Room of the British Museum. There was 
 time still to take a “tube” and pay a visit to Quaritch, where they 
 had some rare volumes for Sir William to see. Then to the Biblio- 
 graphical Society where we had tea before the meeting. Osler, 
 although an amateur amongst a host of men whose life-work was 
 with books, was their President for seven years up to the time of 
 his death. At these meetings he was the life of the party, and after 
 a very technical paper, discussing some of the deeper things of 
 book-lore, one was always sure to hear from him some shrewd re- 
 mark or playful touch. We were in time for the train to Oxford 
 and he was again back at the medical papers, but I, alas, felt much 
 more like snoozing! 
 
 Sir William, after he had come to Oxford, quite often 
 delivered the Address at the beginning of the session of a 
 Medical School in London or elsewhere. He was much sought 
 after for these occasions, and last autumn was unable to 
 accept at least two invitations to address the students, as he 
 desired to finish the new edition of his text-book. 
 
 V 
 
 _Ir is hardly any exaggeration to say that almost every medical 
 
 man from Canada or the United States, who came to England for 
 any length of time, went to Oxford to see Sir William Osler; this 
 was also the case with many visitors who were not of the profes- 
 sion. Such was quite obvious to me when I was in England and 
 stayed at Norham Gardens in 1912, so it seemed perfectly natural, 
 when on the Lusitania in November 1914, to hear an American 
 unknown to me say to a friend: “The first thing I want to do 
 when we reach England is to run down and see Osler.” Even 
 more than before the War the way in which a friend or stranger was 
 received at Oxford by Sir William Osler and his wonderful help- 
 mate, during the four years of the struggle, convinced one that the 
 name of “The Open Arms,” first given to their house by an Ox- 
 ford undergrad, exactly described it. All were welcome, and all 
 at once were made to feel that they were at home, invited 
 
 
 

 
 Sip WILLIAM OSLER AT OxFroRD—MALLOCH 375 
 
 to stay for a meal or to remain for the night. Sir William and his 
 wife knew so many people all over the world that the visitor was 
 bound to find friends in common with them. It is extraordinary, 
 but in the course of one year during the War fifteen hundred people 
 were there for at least one meal. The Oslers regarded this as part 
 of their War work and none did more than they for the stranger in 
 England. 
 
 How Sir William got through the heavy day’s work, I do not 
 know, for, from ten o’clock in the morning on, he was never sure 
 of a free moment to himself. He would often run to the door to 
 meet those he expected, and when a caller left, you could hear him 
 saying good-bye and his cheery ‘So nice to have seen you; my love 
 to the boys.”’ From some of the Canadian hospitals in England, 
 doctors and nurses were invited in turn for the week-end. The 
 medical staff of whole hospitals would sometimes be invited en 
 masse to spend the day, and the 3rd of December, 1915, was one 
 to be long remembered by the medical officers of the Harvard 
 Hospital. Sir William had arranged a programme as he alone 
 knew how to do such things. This included a visit to the Base 
 Hospital, the 3rd Southern General, in the Examination Schools; 
 a memorable lunch “in Hall” at Christ Church; a demonstration 
 of some of the newer methods in the Pathological, Physiological, 
 and Anatomical Departments; a tour of the Radcliffe Infirmary; 
 tea at Norham Gardens; and last, but not least, an exhibition of 
 some of Sir William’s great medical books, which are in the Bibli- 
 otheca Prima section of his wonderful library. He took them up, 
 one by one, fondly in his hand—they represented years of patient 
 collecting—and talked in his inimitable way about each; telling why 
 they stood for so much in the History of Medicine; whilst he at the 
 same time sketched the life and character of the authors. Some 
 of the men were so keen that they stood around the room, note- 
 book in hand, jotting down notes of all he said. 
 
 It was Sir William’s and Lady Osler’s real love and 
 interest in everyone which made it possible for them to 
 do what they did. In Abroad with Jane, the author tells 
 us of Osler—giving him the pseudonym of “Sir Richard 
 Holter” —“his great line is the direction of human life. I 
 went about with him for a day and a half, and wherever he 
 went he was directing human life, and wherever he touched it 
 it seemed to go lighter and more blithely.” Men and women 
 
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 376 Sir WILLIAM OSLER AT OxFroRD—MALLocH 
 
 from all over the British Isles also came to see him; to ask advice 
 as to where they should set up in work; what problem they should 
 attack; to see whether he would recommend them for posts in 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 far-off parts of the world, in China, South Africa, or New Zealand; — 
 or to bring to him for criticism papers they had written. How 
 sympathetic he was with the man who in his own mind thought | 
 that he had made a discovery of far-reaching significance! Sir : 
 William’s position was truly unique, and it is very doubtful if 
 ever in one man we shall see again the influence that was his ; 
 amongst mankind throughout the world. It seemed that he 
 
 
 
 dwelt in Oxford as an Ambassador of North America. Each and 
 every one of the hundred and ninety American officers and men _ 
 who studied for the Summer Term in Oxford in 1919—an arrange- 
 ment which, to a great extent, owed its being to Osler—will be __ 
 the spreading centre in every state, from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacific, of good feeling and sympathetic understanding of England d 
 and the English. 
 
 Throughout the greater part of the War Sir William wrote 
 practically all his own letters. How he got through them it is al- i 
 most impossible to understand. At one time he told me: “They ; 
 think I keep a correspondence agency.’”? Those who could not 
 go to him wrote to him, and all received a prompt reply. And : 
 they wrote to him on all kinds of questions; one correspondent _ 
 asked where “Twilight Sleep’”’ was to be got; the next, perhaps a ; 
 neurasthenic doctor from far-off New Orleans, wrote inquiring 
 about the significance of his own symptoms; another sought know- 
 ledge of affections of the pineal gland, in which he had been told 
 Osler had great interest(!); and still another was a child thanking 
 him for a packet of bull’s eyes. One day, although he had beento 
 London and back, he sat at his table, after dinner, wearing his 
 beloved red jacket, finishing off the letters of the day; I remember 
 him saying as the last was finished and he went off to bed: “Well, 
 that makes forty-one cards and letters.” Let us hope that at : 
 least some of these brought him from a book-dealer, or auction 
 sale, treasures that were dear to his heart. Nothing was too 
 much bother for him to do for anyone; should he see a paper in & 
 medical journal which interested him, he would immediately write 
 a word of congratulation to the author, not necessarily known to 
 him, asking at the same time: ‘Are there any reprints I can send 
 you?” One young American doctor, who came with a letter of 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Stir WILLIAM OSLER AT OxrorD—MALLOcH 377 
 
 introduction, casually remarked that he was going to Edinburgh 
 the next day, and Sir William at once said that he must go and see 
 So-and-so, and insisted upon sending off two wires and writing a 
 couple of letters. | 
 
 VI 
 
 Or the War Sir William seldom spoke, but on rare occasions he 
 could show that he had a very clear idea of the events that would 
 take place. Was it of himself that he wrote? ‘The silent unit, 
 the single grain, will win the war. In this world’s crisis it is the 
 spirit of the individual worker—in trench or camp—factory or 
 farm—that keeps the mouth shut, the heart fixed, and the hand 
 steady. The call is for silent sacrifice, of time, of habits, of com- 
 forts, of friends, and of those dearer than life itself—the sacrifice 
 of sanctification in the old Hebrew sense.’”’ It was only possible for 
 him if he adhered to his philosophy of the conduct of life, and this 
 he was enabled to do by reason of his life-long habit of working 
 for the day. What feelings of anguish must have been his, midst 
 forebodings of the great sorrow which was in store for the loving 
 parents. When the heavy loss came to them, he said: “I knew 
 from the beginning of the War that this would come.” To fore- 
 see it did not make it easier to bear; though, as he wrote at the 
 time: ‘The seen arrow slackens its flight.’’ He showed that he 
 was “ready when the day of sorrow and grief came to meet it 
 with the courage befitting a man.” This he said at the farewell 
 dinner in New York, was one of his ideals. 
 
 Bereft of their dearly-loved son, they went about their daily 
 tasks, with no outward show of grief, but with a sad gnawing at 
 their hearts within. To her, sorrowing too, but standing upright 
 at his side, he turned for comfort and support; and she, who had 
 been his stay and helpmate in all his work, gave him power to 
 bear it to the end. 
 
 Of late he sometimes spoke to me of the chance of his not 
 living long; and when his illness was upon him, he saw clearly from 
 the first that there could be but one end. With calm fortitude he 
 bore the suffering and pain and never uttered plaint. 
 
 But now he hath begun 
 That which will nere be done, 
 
 and she, and we, are left alone. 
 
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378 Sirk WinLuIAM OsLeR AT Oxrorp—GiIBson 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER AT, OXFORD 
 A Personal Reminiscence 
 A. G. Gipson, M.D. 
 Ozford, England 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 R. OSLER, as he then was, arrived in Oxford in the summer 
 
 of 1905 at a time when I was on a week-end visit there prepara- 
 tory to setting up practice. I was privileged to meet him at Mr. 
 Whitelocke’s house where with Mrs. Osler and Revere he paid a 
 Sunday afternoon call. We met again the next day in Professor 
 Thomson’s department, when to my surprise he remembered 
 all about me, warmly applauded my intention of settling in 
 Oxford and asked me to seek him out in the Autumn when he 
 came into residence. From that time till his death in 19191 
 rejoice to recall a friendship and a relation which on my part] 
 regard as a son to a father—in a professional sense it was s0 : 
 undoubtedly. I did not regard myself as signalled out for fa- 
 vour, because there are many others both in England and across 
 the Atlantic who must have received as many or greater bene- 
 fits. In speaking of his Oxford life generally it is my intention 
 to say only those things that I knew personally—there are many é 
 other aspects of which I might speak at second hand. 
 
 An immediate link was formed with the Radeliffe Infir- 
 mary where as Regius Professor he was appointed Active Con- 
 sultant, that is, without actual responsibility for beds, he had 
 the right to see any case, use it for teaching purposes and make 
 any suggestions to the physician or surgeon in charge. Such 
 an arrangement worked very smoothly, and surgeons as well as 
 physicians had the benefit of his clinical wisdom; I do not re- 
 member any suggestion as to treatment not being acted on. 
 As his University lectures he instituted the Tuesday afternoon 
 Clinics—demonstrations on chosen cases for all that wished to 
 attend. At first he thought to make them useful to undergrad- 
 uates but such were hardly advanced enough to derive profit, 
 so an elementary class on Physical diagnosis was given for 
 some years for these alone. For the Tuesday Clinics special 
 invitations were sent out to all the neighbouring practitioners, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Str WILLIAM OsLER AT Oxrorp—GIBson 379 
 
 who continued to attend in good numbers. Many came in 
 from twenty miles distance and some of the Oxford practitioners 
 seldom missed. Sometimes as many as twenty attended. For 
 these Clinics and in other ways I was privileged to act as his vol- 
 untary demonstrator, making polygraph tracings, blood counts 
 and various items of clinical pathology that he required to com- 
 plete the investigation of a case. His unofficial visits, which 
 were many, made at all times, were looked forward to by the 
 permanent staff, House officers, sisters and nurses, for all of 
 whom he had a cheery word or an offer to supply something 
 needed or suggest some place where it could be got. He would 
 “blow in” to the sister in charge of the stores, taste the cheese, 
 look at the rice, and ask her if the tea was up to standard. We 
 soon learnt that as a morbid anatomist Osler was a master, and 
 we never sounded the depths of his knowledge. If he was in 
 Oxford he invariably came to postmortems and if he happened 
 to be away he notified his desire to see the organs or came and 
 inquired what we had found. Nor was his interest confined to 
 seeing and hearing; he would take up an organ, dissect and de- 
 monstrate the lesions to all around, and I have often wondered 
 how he kept his sleeves from being soiled, for he never turned 
 them up or bothered to use gloves. 
 
 He became at once the main consultant in Oxford and 
 district apart from the many patients he saw from all parts of 
 England and those who visited him from abroad. He knew 
 every practitioner in the district; indeed made it his business 
 to know him, not to increase his practice, but for what he could 
 bring to them. The joy and freshness that he brought into 
 some of these men’s isolated lives ought to be recorded. “They 
 worshipped him. One senior practitioner in a country town 
 near confessed to me that when he heard of his death he sat 
 down and wept. 
 
 Oxford medical politics at the time of his coming and even 
 always has a system and method of its own; but he cut right 
 across it and, without being a reformer, made reforms easier; 
 as One senior member of the University expressed it, his coming 
 was like a sea-breeze that did us all good. 
 
 Osler’s boyishness was seldom better shown than when in 
 company with men of all ages. At Christ Church, where he 
 was a Student, he dined on Sunday evenings during term; in 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 380 Sir WILLIAM OSLER AT OxFORD—GIBSON 
 
 Common Room after, where the company partake of dessert 
 and wine, he would sit at the lower end of the table amongst 
 the juniors and keep pace with the wittiest. It is reported on 
 good authority that he and another lively, though not a very 
 junior Student, gave a dinner party in which the dishes were all 
 extraordinary or rare, amongst them was one of roast sucking 
 pig. | 
 
 He presided regularly at the Staff meetings at the Infir- 
 mary and in the gentlest way pressed forward any new scheme 
 that he felt worthy. He was on such occasions an excellent 
 chairman, speedy, allowed no irrelevant talk, and turned off 
 an awkward moment by humour. As Regius Professor he was 
 also elected chairman of the Board of Faculty of Medicine, 
 and though he never shirked its responsibilities its detailed and 
 sometimes intricate business of curricula did not appeal to him. 
 
 During examinations his aim was always towards leniency 
 and giving a man the benefit of a doubt. He exerted this 
 strongly during the war when doctors were so badly needed. 
 
 Even during the darkest days (for him) of the War, his 
 interest in the problems of clinical medicine suffered no dim- 
 inution, and the last he touched was the blood platelets in the 
 anaemias. 
 
 The story of his illness has appeared fully in Dr. Harvey 
 Cushing’s Life. But as it was my privilege during that time 
 to see him daily it may be mentioned. Osler knew all along 
 how serious it was, and it must be confessed that in the 
 optimism he had taught us we failed to think or see what he 
 knew and felt. Though racked by a cough that could not be 
 kept in check, he wrote letters, saw people on important business 
 and ordered little things to be done, little friendly acts to the 
 humbler as well as to the greater of his friends. 
 
 Of Oxford it can be said that his spirit still lives amongst 
 us; he has taught us to be more neighbourly even though com- 
 petitors or opponents,and some continue to test their conduct in 
 a dilemma by asking the question, What would Osler have done? 
 
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 OSLER AND AN OxFORD MeEpiIcaL StupENT—Davison 381 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER AND AN 
 OXFORD MEDICAL STUDENT 
 
 WiLBort C. Davison, M.D. 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 ¢¢]T is not done at Oxford. Your only hope is to appeal to 
 
 the Regius Professor, Sir William Osler.” That was the 
 only encouragement I received in my request to take two years’ 
 of preclinical work during my first year at Oxford. That 
 encouragement did not hearten me much, for all my life I had 
 heard of Osler as the pinnacle of medicine and, in spite of my 
 six feet and two hundred pounds, I was somewhat terrified at 
 the thought of meeting him. However, I finally decided that 
 nothing worse than a refusal could result, so I telephoned for 
 an appointment and went to 13 Norham Gardens. Imagine 
 my surprise when Sir William himself answered the door bell 
 and, with one arm around my shoulders, propelled me into the 
 drawing room and presented me to Lady Osler as “‘the latest 
 American colt.”’ Lady Osler and Sir William soon made me 
 feel that I had two friends at Oxford, and my devotion to them 
 was immediate and permanent. In leaving, I mentioned my 
 request, but, before I could marshal the argument in favour of 
 the plan, I was told that I could do anything I pleased, that 
 if I failed I could repeat the courses, that if I passed I would 
 have gained that much more time for clinical and research work 
 during my second and third years, and that I must drop in for 
 tea on Sunday. (As the final Physiology Schools at Oxford 
 were the only examinations I had during my whole medical 
 course, I have never known whether the plan was successful). 
 This extremely friendly and informal reception, instead of the 
 awe-inspiring one I had expected, was the first of many delight- 
 ful memories I cherish of the Oslers. 
 
 At tea the following Sunday, many visitors presented 
 letters of introduction and each one received the same gracious 
 welcome. Even one Fabian student, who demanded of “the 
 chief” whether he preferred to be called Sir William or just plain 
 Dr. Osler, was put at ease by being told “just plain Dr. Osler.”’ 
 On another occasion, I heard the same question asked by an 
 individual whose very loud voice was making general conversa- 
 
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 882 OSLER AND AN OxFrorD MEDICAL STUDENT—Dayison 
 
 tion difficult. Sir William’s reply of “I answer to hi or any 
 loud cry” was so gently and amusingly given that the ques- 
 tioner did not feel rebuked and yet profited sufficiently to lower 
 his voice for the benefit of the others present. | 
 
 It was Sir William’s custom to dash into the various labora- 
 tories and to ask amusing and often disconcerting anatomical 
 questions of students who were dissecting, or to look down the 
 microscopes and inspect the cultures of those studying path- 
 ology and bacteriology. All of us felt that the “Regius” took 
 a personal interest in us. Even during my first year, I attended 
 his ward rounds every week at the Radcliffe Infirmary, and 
 although I had great difficulty in understanding many of the 
 medical terms, and still more in spelling them, I was occasion- 
 ally delegated to write on the histories the notes he dictated. I 
 may not have learned much clinical medicine at this stage, but 
 I believe my preclinical work profited tremendously, for it was 
 made more interesting because its clinical application and sig- 
 nificance were made so apparent. By attending Sir William's 
 ward rounds, while a first year student, I was unconsciously 
 performing an experiment in medical education which is now 
 part of the curriculum in several medical schools. 
 
 One of the most delightful features of the medical training 
 at Oxford was Sir William’s interest in historical medicine. At 
 intervals throughout the year, he would invite six or seven of us 
 to his home and after dinner bring out many of his precious 
 books. We would spend hours in poring over them while he 
 explained the part Avicenna, Paracelsus, Leonardo da Vinei 
 and others had played in medicine. These evenings gave us 4 
 background that was invaluable. 
 
 Just before the long vacations at Christmas, Easter and 
 during the summer, he would ask us our destinations and then 
 supply us with cards of introduction to the leaders of medicine 
 at these various centres. In no other way could we have 
 obtained such facilities for study in London, Edinburgh, Dublin, 
 Paris and in Germany. 
 
 The outbreak of war in 1914, of course, completely changed 
 Oxford. Sir William was made consultant to numerous military 
 hospitals, practically all of the British medical students joined 
 some branch of the service, and we Americans served in 
 Cross Units in England, France, Belgium or the Balkans. 1 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 Ny 
 OSLER AND AN OxFrorRD MerpicaL StupENT—Davison 383 
 
 returned to Oxford for the spring term of 1915 to take Physiol- 
 ogy Schools, and remained as an interne in the Radcliffe Infir- 
 mary. I had become very interested in bacteriology, especially 
 that of enteric and dysentery, so Sir William allowed me to 
 accompany him on many all day trips to Cliveden to study 
 the cases there. Sir William could read and digest medical 
 literature more rapidly than anyone I have ever met. He 
 would start the day’s journey with ten or fifteen journals and 
 at the end of two hours had completed a survey of them, while 
 I had read only a few of the articles which he had recommended. 
 One day in August, 1915, he telephoned me that he had 
 just received a telegram from Dr. R. J. Beal, head of the 
 American Women’s War Hospital at Paignton, stating that a 
 convoy of jaundiced patients had just arrived from Egypt. “TI 
 am sure that they are cases of Infectious Jaundice or Weil’s 
 disease, and I have telegraphed Beal that I am sending you 
 to study them.’”’ He gave me Sandwith’s book on Tropical 
 Diseases, which contained an article on Infectious Jaundice, 
 and I collected a supply of material for blood cultures and a 
 bacteriological text book, and started for Paignton. I was sure 
 that Dr. Beal would be annoyed at having to meet and make 
 arrangements for a second year medical student so, in order that 
 I might at least know something about Weil’s Disease and not 
 be a total disgrace, I diligently studied Sandwith’s article dur- 
 ing the long train journey until I could recite it word for word. 
 It was fortunate that Sir William had given me that book for 
 Dr. Beal had sixty patients ready for inspection as soon as 
 I arrived. All of them had passed the acute stage and were no 
 longer jaundiced, but by asking them about the various symp- 
 toms and signs that Sandwith had described, I was able to con- 
 firm Sir William’s original diagnosis and also to hide my ignor- 
 ance temporarily. In accordance with my instructions, I made 
 as many blood cultures as possible, but all except one were neg- 
 ative. That culture contained a staphylococcus albus which 
 even I knew was a contamination, and not the cause of Weil’s 
 Disease. The etiological agent, Spirocheta icterohemorrhagica, 
 was discovered a year later in Japan. Sir William came to 
 Paignton a few days after my arrival, and was as disappointed 
 as I had been that there were no acute cases to study, for he was 
 tremendously keen to find the cause of the disease. 
 
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 384 OsLER AND AN OxrorD MepicaL StupEnT—Davison i 
 
 
 
 Sir William was very helpful to us internes at the Rad- 
 cliffe. He made frequent ward visits and, in addition, instructed 
 us to telephone him whenever we needed advice. Cases which 
 seemed very complicated to us were soon simplified after a con- 
 sultation with him. I was much mystified by his requests for 
 blood platelet counts and by his knowledge of their variation 
 in different conditions. It was not until years later that | 
 learned that Sir William had been among the first to study blood 
 platelets. 
 
 In April, 1916, Wilder Penfield, another American medical 
 student, telegraphed me that he had been injured when the 
 Sussex was torpedoed. Sir William immediately telephoned the 
 Dover Military Hospital to make arrangements for him to be 
 brought to 13 Norham Gardens, and insisted on his remaining 
 there until his injury was healed. 
 
 Revere Osler had been an undergraduate at Christ Church, 
 his father’s College, before the war but it was not until he came 
 back to Oxford on leave that I learned to know and love him. 
 He had all of his parents’ charm. Dr. F. H. Mosse, the Medical 
 House Officer at the Radcliffe, was an ardent disciple of Izaak 
 Walton, so that Revere frequently visited our mess to discuss 
 fishing, for next to collecting books, this sport was his greatest 
 recreation. | 
 
 Sir William’s interest in his students did not cease after they 
 had gone down from Oxford. Even though he had no secretary 
 during the war, he would write frequently to us, encouraging 
 us in any work which we were doing, and giving us advice and 
 suggestions. 
 
 After the Armistice I went from France to Oxford. Sir 
 William and Lady Osler were then making a brave fight against 
 their, as well as our, terrible loss, but their interest in former 
 students was unabated. Seeing them again was like coming 
 home, and I felt what a great contrast my present devotion was 
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 MepicaL STUDENT’s MrMORIES—PENFIELD 385 
 
 A MEDICAL STUDENT’S MEMORIES OF 
 THE REGIUS PROFESSOR 
 
 WitpER PENFIELD, M.D. 
 
 Presbyterian Hospital, New York 
 
 E first meeting with one’s hero is sure to be a memorable 
 
 occasion and my introduction to Osler is a cherished 
 memory. The first Sunday after becoming an Oxford medical 
 student, I bicycled out to Norham Gardens with a good deal of 
 trepidation. 
 
 The butler showed me into a very full drawing room, and, 
 after announcing my name in a voice which seemed unneces- 
 sarily loud, deserted me. I waited, much abashed, for a time 
 that seemed an eternity. There were students there, both Eng- 
 lish and American by their speech, and a number of young ladies, 
 also older people who might be Dons and their wives. My 
 introduction to the Dons of my college had been a particularly 
 chilling experience and my fellow students had so far completely 
 ignored me. I, therefore, steeled myself against the prospect 
 of a cold plunge. There was a pause in the hum of conversa- 
 tion and many eyes turned toward me. Then Lady Osler came 
 forward with a smile that said welcome. I found her then, as 
 always on subsequent occasions, a perfect hostess and was some- 
 what reassured. “Sir William,” she said, “is over here on the 
 floor.” At the far end of the room we found a young officer 
 stretched out upon the floor and Sir William on his knees band- 
 aging an imaginary wound with his pocket handkerchief. The 
 explanation of this strange scene was to be found in the ecstatic 
 applause of two little children. They called the kneeling man 
 William and he was evidently a beloved companion. He got 
 up and came to meet me laughing. 
 
 He drew me aside for a talk. When I began to tell him 
 that my tutors were condemning me to three years of study 
 instead of two, he said, “You don’t want to take three years to 
 this work. You are twenty-three years old? Why, you're an 
 old man. I think I can fix it up. IT’ll see you on Tuesday. ”’ 
 And he clapped me on the back while my heart took a bound. 
 On Tuesday I found that my problems, which had seemed in- 
 
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 386 MepicaL STUDENT’s MEMORIES—PENFIELD 
 
 sur mountable, were quite simple in the face of his contagious en- 
 thusiasm. 
 
 Although he gave us no formal lectures, Sir William made 
 possible many contacts with the medical students. One morn- 
 ing, he watched me for a few minutes trying to perform my 
 first autopsy. “Splendid! Splendid!”’ he exclaimed at last. “Tt 
 is always better to do a thing wrong the first time.’”? Where- 
 upon, he took up my instruments and showed me how to do it 
 correctly. 
 
 For my closest acquaintance with the Osler household, I 
 have to thank a broken leg received when the Sussex was tor- 
 pedoed. On arriving at the Military Hospital at Dover, I 
 found a telegram from Lady Osler, an invitation that warmed 
 my heart. Sir William discovered the. name of the medical 
 officer in charge of my ward and sent Captain Linnington a 
 message in a letter to me about a case the latter had reported. - 
 This served as an introduction for me to the medical staff and 
 made my stay pleasanter than it otherwise would have been. 
 
 As soon as travelling was possible, I went to Oxford to 
 complete my convalescence with the Oslers. It was at the time 
 that Revere was at home awaiting the transfer which he had 
 requested from his comparatively safe Captaincy in the Royal 
 Army Medical Corps to the Artillery. There were many ties 
 between father and son, for example, the passion for old manu- 
 scripts. In this companionship there seemed to be no inequality 
 due to difference in age. ’ 
 
 What a joy it was to me to be a member of that house- 
 hold. They insisted on my playing the invalid. Each morning 
 after breakfast Revere came into my room to offer his services. 
 Sir William, then, usually appeared in his red smoking jacket 
 and stood with back to the fireplace to tell us some lively anec- 
 dote. He soon departed laughing, accompanied by Revere, 
 Sir William to his library and morning letters. The library 
 opened on to a terrace which was my accustomed seat later in 
 the day. Below the terrace was a lawn and garden full of the 
 freshness of an English Spring and beyond through the trees 
 were glimpses of the Parks. Birds sang in an ever changing 
 chorus and the war seemed very far away. But I knew as they 
 sat often on the terrace steps and talked with Revere about his 
 plans that there must be secret dread in the hearts of the par- 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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 MeEpIcaAL STUDENT’S MEMORIES—PENFIELD 387 
 
 ents, perhaps a foreboding of the fate that lay in store for the 
 boy. 
 
 Sir William often came out from the library to drop a book 
 on my table and disappear. The book might be in any lan- 
 guage. He recognized no obstacle in the pursuit of knowledge 
 and expected the same attitude even in a medical student. 
 
 Sixty-nine years had passed over him lightly. He often 
 ran upstairs two at a time. None of his interviews were long. 
 If necessary, a tedious visitor was turned over to Lady Osler 
 who entertained him with long suffering patience, while her 
 husband escaped, leaving the visitor in a glow because of his 
 friendly parting. 
 
 That Spring Shakespeare’s Tercentenary was celebrated 
 in Oxford and Osler was called upon to read a paper. His sub- 
 ject was “Creators, Transmuters, and Transmitters.’’ He wrote 
 it the day before the celebration and read it to us that evening. 
 It was a beautiful piece of writing although done so quickly, as he 
 seemed to do everything. He frequently left the dinner table 
 before coffee was served to retire to his library but he never 
 worked late at night. He often emerged in the middle of the 
 evening to talk for awhile and regularly at ten o’clock, he was 
 in bed. 
 
 A stimulating faith in fellow-men characterized all his 
 relationships. He would frown when he heard anything said 
 against an acquaintance and quickly come to his defence. If I 
 summon before me my highest ideals of men and medicine, I 
 find them sprung from the spirit of Osler. 
 
 
 
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 388 REMINISCENCES OF OSLER IN ENGLAND—Wvu LiEn-Tox 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER 
 IN ENGLAND 
 
 Wu Lren-Teu (G. L. Tuck), M.A., M.D. (Cantab) 
 
 Hon. LL.D. (Hongkong), Litt.D. (Peking), Sc.D. (Shanghai) 
 Director and C.M.O. of the Manchurian Plague Prevention Service, 
 Physician Extraordinary to the President of China, 
 Sometime Scholar and Research Student of Emmanuel College, 
 Cambridge, etc., etc. | 
 
 T the last moment, owing to an accidental meeting with one 
 
 of the Editors at Baltimore, I have been asked to write 
 
 a few words about my connection with Sir William Osler in Eng- 
 land. It began in this way. 
 
 The great Manchurian Epidemic of Pneumonia Plague, 
 1910-1911, killing nearly 60,000 persons in Manchuria and North 
 China within the course of five months, had just been eradicated, 
 and at the invitation of the then Imperial Chinese Government, 
 scientists from eleven countries were sitting at Mukden (capital 
 of Manchuria) to discuss the epidemiology and future methods 
 of prevention of this terrible disease. Among letters received by 
 me as President of this Conference was a very kind one from Sir 
 William Osler, who had just received a baronetcy at the coro- 
 nation of King George V of England. Sir William congratu- 
 lated the Chinese doctors on their splendid fight against the 
 plague, and requested me to supply him with the clinical and 
 pathological aspects of the disease which up to that time had 
 been so little known. I gladly complied with the wishes of so 
 eminent a man—perhaps the most renowned of all English- 
 speaking physicians then living. The little information so sup- 
 plied promptly appeared in the next edition of his famous Prin- 
 ciples and Practice of Medicine, which had already been trans- 
 lated into Chinese and other foreign languages. 
 
 Thus started a correspondence between Sir William Osler 
 and myself which, though infrequent, was regular, and these let- 
 ters are now among my most treasured possessions. 
 
 When Sir William learnt that I was attending the Hague 
 Opium Conference in 1911-1912 as a delegate of the Chinese 
 Government, he invited me to visit him at Oxford, where he had 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 NES, 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF OSLER IN ENGLAND—Wvu Lien-TEnH 389 
 
 been Regius Professor of Medicine since 1905. At the earliest 
 opportunity, I proceeded to that ancient English seat of learning, 
 and for the first time met my distinguished friend face to face. 
 He was all that I had expected of him—and more. Though 
 always busy, he never seemed to be in a hurry or anxious to get 
 rid of you. For a great man he was modesty itself, and when- 
 ever he asked questions about my country or my work it was 
 with true humility. But I soon found out that he had read 
 widely about most lands, and knew more than he cared to con- 
 fess. Confucian philosophy interested him as much as the inci- 
 dence of pneumonia and diabetes among oriental people, and I 
 often found myself hard-pressed on matters relating to the his- 
 tory of medicine in China. When he placed me in a fix, his 
 hearty laugh, so well-known, at once came to the rescue and I 
 immediately lost my embarrassment. Osler’s knowledge of the 
 comparative history of medicine, especially of medieval Europe, 
 was indeed profound, and I was not surprised that in his later 
 years he devoted much time to the encouragement of a more 
 intensive study of the subject. Few will contend that the won- 
 derfully efficient Museum of Medical History, first located in 
 Wigmore Street, and now removed to Endsleigh Gardens, in 
 London, owed a great deal of its success to the unstinted help 
 given by Osler to Mr. Henry Wellcome, the founder, and 
 Mr. C. J. S. Thompson, its life-long Curator. While at Oxford, 
 I was also introduced to Lady Osler and their only son, a very 
 promising lad, who alas, was so soon to lose his life in France 
 (1917) during the World War. 
 
 It is generally acknowledged that the appointment of Sir 
 William Osler to “sleepy Oxford” (as we rival Cantabs are so 
 fond of dubbing our senior sister ’Varsity) meant a distinct 
 awakening of not only the medical but also the scientific depart- 
 ments. His enormous prestige as the leading clinician of the 
 English-speaking world and his unrivalled experience as a teacher 
 and organizer at Montreal, Philadelphia and Johns Hopkins, 
 as well as on the Continent, paved the way for loyal cooperation 
 from all sides. Even the most conservative “don” must have 
 felt that a master-giant of medicine had indeed come. Add to 
 this his unfailing geniality and bonhomie, which won him the 
 affection of both graduates and undergraduates from all lands, 
 including the Orient, and one can picture the beneficial influence 
 
 
 
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 390 REMINISCENCES OF OSLER IN ENGLAND—Wv Lien-Tux 
 
 exercised by him during the fifteen years of his stay at the Univer- 
 sity. Iwas invited one day by Sir William to accompany him 
 around his wards at the Radcliffe Infirmary (Oxford) in the 
 company of a few senior students. There he was, standing upright 
 with his left hand in his trousers-pocket and the right smoothing 
 down his long moustache (which, by the bye, he allowed to flow 
 down in the Chinese style and not twisted up a la Kaiser as was 
 then the vogue), combining humour with affected severity in the 
 asking of questions and always insisting upon the full employment 
 of common sense on the part of the student when examining a 
 patient. No wonder both well and sick loved the kind profes- 
 sor, looked eagerly forward to his next visit, and in after-life 
 remembered his cheerful words after all else had been forgotten. 
 In August, 1913, came the great International Congress of 
 Medicine, attended by seven thousand physicians from every 
 part of the world. Sir Thomas Barlow was the President and 
 Sir William Osler one of the Vice-Presidents. I attended as the 
 principal Chinese Government representative and along with 
 about twenty other delegates was asked to make a speech of wel- 
 come at the opening session. It was a hot morning, and almost 
 every one had prepared a set speech. The Albert Hall was large 
 and rather noisy with its ten thousand occupants; the platform 
 was situated in one corner of the huge building. Only the speech 
 of Sir Edward Grey (then Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs) 
 was heard, though indistinctly. Next came the formal addres- 
 ses from the foreign delegates. The first man took half an hour, - 
 the second twenty-four minutes, the third eighteen minutes, and 
 soon impatience was shown by the audience. But the delegates 
 seemed unwilling or unable to cut down their speeches. More 
 noise, coughing and impatience. Then came my turn. “China 
 thanks you,” I said, and sat down. The ovation I received was 
 the biggest in my life. In fact the cheering lasted four times as 
 long as my speech. The other speakers who followed took the 
 hint, and so only half an hour more was consumed before the 
 morning’s programme terminated. Osler was the first to burst 
 in upon me. He seized my hand and offered his heartiest con- 
 gratulations. ‘You are a capital psychologist,” were his words. 
 Two evenings afterwards, Osler was host to a party of 
 twenty-four foreign guests at a dinner at the Royal Societies’ 
 Club. At least a dozen nationalities were represented, and I 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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 REMINISCENCES OF OSLER IN ENGLAND—Wvu LiEen-TEH 391 
 
 found myself in the company of Ehrlich, Hata, Abderhalden and 
 others. None of the numerous parties that were held dur- 
 ing that memorable week could have been more enjoyable than 
 ours, and certainly no host was more entertaining or more con- 
 siderate toward the majority of strangers assembled. Next year 
 the War came, and because of his added duties and family anxiety 
 no further correspondence passed between us. 
 
 If I may conclude my estimate of Sir William Osler in one 
 sentence, it is this: ‘‘He was a great man, a unique teacher, a 
 complete physician, a fine judge, a lovable friend, an accurate 
 historian and an unrivalled conversationalist.”’ 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER AND THE AMERICAN 
 MEDICAL OFFICER* 
 
 Bric.-GENERAL Francis A. WINTER, M.C., U.S. Army 
 
 Washington, D.C. 
 
 LL England abounded in hospitality for the American cousin 
 during the summer of 1918. My duties placed me there, 
 and I saw that the spirit of welcome made no specifications of 
 rank. To the medical officer, the great centers of medical thought 
 and teaching in London, Leeds, and other cities held forth the 
 unending invitation, but there remained one host embodying 
 within himself a whole medical center, and Sir William Osler 
 furnished the attraction and the recompense. 
 
 The door of the lovely home at Oxford had no latchstring— 
 it was simply perennially open to the American medical officer 
 stationed in England, or transiently stopping there. 
 
 There was motive a plenty in going to Oxford to see the lead- 
 er, but a newer and a stronger impulse to go again came to him 
 who went once, in the welcome which he found and the inspiration 
 and uplift he carried away. It was the easier to love one’s kind, 
 and make the necessary sacrifice for them, when one had sat in 
 the warm glow of the fine spirit, which enveloped the listener, 
 with the amiable and instructive counsel and good fellowship of 
 his kindly heart and keen mind. 
 
 
 
 *Reprinted by permission from Contributions to Medical and Biologi- 
 eal Research, Osler Anniversary Volume, P. B. Hoeber, New York, 1919. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 392 OsLER, AND THE AMERICAN MEDIcAL Orricer—Winrer 
 | 
 . 
 
 It was a rare privilege to be able to go to Oxford as Oxford, 
 but to go there and be met by the living sage, to induct one into 
 the atmosphere of the sages gone before, was to do a thing mark- 
 ing a red-letter day. | 
 
 But the gentle sage did not rest satisfied that he should do 
 no seeking, and straightway he came to all our hospitals, whether 
 to speak to a local clinical meeting, to raise an American flag, or 4 
 look over the state of our sick, and I doubt that he ever in © 
 any degree realized the response his inspiring presence evoked in 2 
 the hearts of the elders and the youngsters who sat im oe 
 Who of those men were not his disciples, for who had not read the 
 fascinating pages of his cornerstone of modern medical practise? i 
 
 Our good Sir William—for we Americans cannot forego our — 
 partnership in him—lent all that was at his command to the ad- 
 vancement of American interests in England, and how he helped — ; 
 us is a grateful and a delightful recollection of those of us whose ~ ; 
 military fortunes were cast in the mother country during the 
 period of the war. The whole world of medicine lays its tribute 
 at his feet, and from no element in that broad concourse is the : 
 tribute more instinct with love and admiration than in the little 
 offering made by us of the A. E. F. in England. | , 
 

 
 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER IN THE CHAIR OF WILLIAM JENNER 
 Taken in the NCatural History ACuseum at Oxford, in August 1912, by 
 
 JOHN G. CLARK OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
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 NE, 
 IMPROMPTU IN A LIBRARY—STREETER 393 
 
 IMPROMPTU IN A LIBRARY 
 
 EDWARD CLARK STREETER 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 ¢¢\/OU scoundrel, you scathless and complete villain, you un- 
 mitigated—How did you come by this?” The Chief was 
 glaring from over the top edges of the little volume in his hand. 
 
 “T got it at the sale of Lord Amherst’s library.” 
 
 “Precisely.” A pause, then with access of mock wrath. 
 “Unfeeling, remorseless one. Just how did you bag it? Will 
 you explain?”’ 
 
 Tyrunculus attempted a reply—something about forwarding 
 a bid through usual channels. Sir William did not hear. ‘ Re- 
 fined villainy,’’ he mused, ‘‘a ‘tour de force’ of crookedness! I 
 think I see the professional hand here,—a very enterprising pur- 
 loining hand. It robbed me of a precious half-day. Do you 
 know, young customer, I should hardly care to meet you at a sale 
 on a dark night; so sure I should miss something after the contact.” 
 
 As Tyrunculus watched that swarthy face he saw the mood 
 of assumed anger shade into another. ‘‘I am trying to be civil 
 enough,” continued the Chief, ‘‘to say that you doubtless appre- 
 ciate the jewel that you have in this little book, but how do I 
 know? Mind if I tap your brains, dear fellow? Quite right! 
 there is no gainsaying that—it is the earliest academic treatise of 
 syphilis we have. And Leonicenus, as you say, the old boy of 
 Ferrara, a very Prince of scholars! Ariosto called him “wisest 
 of the old, that inexhaustible ark of Science.’”’ Have you ever 
 thought how slim-waisted and lean is our scholarship as compared 
 with theirs—before printing, I mean, when men took on knowledge 
 in bulk and built up an over-freight of mind? This Leonicenus 
 bulks with the best of them, he had a noble barge of a mind, just 
 built for the carrying trade.” 
 
 Sir William had closed the book and was examining in detail 
 the fillet borders and fleurons of the binding. ‘‘Straight-grained 
 red Russia, bound by Kalthoeber, with his ticket inside no doubt, 
 —a typical eighteenth century English binding; a vesture in har- 
 mony with the substance within. I happen to know this particu- 
 lar copy very well indeed. Truth is I fully meant to take this 
 
 29 
 
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 394 IMPROMPTU IN A LIBRARY—STREETER 
 
 book unto myself. It was the only item in the Amherst lot that 
 interested me. I lost it by a horrid mischance. Someone whom 
 I knew took the seat beside me just as the bidding got under 
 way, I turned from him to bid—the book had gone, knocked 
 down to an “outside buyer’? (meaning you of the melanotic 
 heart). Undone by a salutation! I’ve resolved now to have 
 done with friendly greetings—a horror, away with them! I went 
 back to Oxford discomfited—a broken man—not so much so per- 
 haps, pursewise, as if I had secured the book. Young man, I 
 should like to flash before your view a picture of bereavement— 
 of an old man returning unbooked to his den, his bones grinding 
 together with rage and resentment, but I have made you uncom- 
 fortable enough already. 
 the Lord tempers his winds for the shorn lambs. I soon had the 
 offer of another copy of the book, from Milan, I believe. Was 
 
 it not in Milan that the second edition appeared, about a month © 
 
 later than the first?”’ 
 
 Tyrunculus searched the pile of odd sizes stacked before him 
 on the table. He produced the second edition. Pride of posses- 
 sion dwindled as he caught the glint of excitement in the eye of 
 the mighty book-hunter. Yet he felt sure that he had made a 
 palpable hit. 
 
 “Good,” exclaimed the Chief. ‘so this is your brave line 
 today, is it? All the labors of the old Vicentine. Admirable! 
 Put them over here where I can see them. I own that I have a 
 great weakness for the old owl. How did you know it?” 
 
 “T didn’t,” said Tyrunculus, ‘‘I thought”— 
 
 “Thought rightly, if you had any thought of pleasing me. 
 I assure you Leonicenus and I have been on close terms for years: 
 he is one of the best friends I have among the older humanists.” 
 
 He went on to say that a good life of Leonicenus was much 
 needed, that Vitaliani’s account missed all the “felicities,” the 
 Buddha-like calm of the old scholar’s life and the Promethean 
 energy which he put into his work. Worse than that, it missed 
 
 the import of his teaching, for Vitaliani was not a medical man 
 
 and could not hope to follow the implications of that tutelary 
 genius in the terrain of medicine. He must treat him as a grail 
 marian, historian, translator, textual critic, an elegant Latinist 
 well versed in Obliquos dialecticae gyros. He could not ap 
 praise the Vicentine’s achievements in medicineat their true worth 
 
 Don’t let me worry you. Remember 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IMPROMPTU IN A LIBRARY—STREETER 395 
 
 so he wisely left this phase of his subject unstudied, if not unre 
 garded. ‘Truly a matter beyond the range of a lawyer bitten with 
 antiquity and with a tincture of old letters! Who then, at good 
 distance from the grave, unhurriedly will undertake to rewrite 
 this life? Its preparation would call for a long recess from other 
 tasks, laborious research in archives and all that. Yes, a deal 
 of “penitential’’ reading, high and arduous hours seeking sortes, 
 running down references—just the thing to develop one’sstaying- 
 power and technique of accuracy. But what a rich initiation 
 into the Great Past of medicine and what a foretaste of all that 
 we now look upon as modern in medicine, as we study Leonicenus 
 in the clarity and true course of his thought! ‘Wisest of the 
 old,” a man who attained the ‘Galenical’ age of a nearly a hun- 
 dred, without trace of decrepitude, who taught for sixty years 
 at Ferrara magno studiosorum concursu, a great and cele- 
 brated pedagogue, who possessed a secret which all men would 
 like to learn; a special way of appealing to the heart, head and im- 
 agination of the young. 
 
 Sir William confessed that he had been moved “more than 
 once, when the Moon was in motion from the Meridian’ to make 
 “an attempt upon the life of Leonicenus.”» He was immensely 
 drawn to the undertaking, could not shake himself free from the 
 thought of it. He had assailed the ‘Opera omnia” (in the Basle 
 edition of 1532) shortly after completing his sketch of Linacre. 
 
 “There is a parallel between the lives of this Englishman 
 and this Italian more strict than any you will find in Amyot’s 
 Plutarch.” Equally proficient in Greek studies, their common 
 purpose was to make Aristotle and Galen accessible by means of 
 translations to scholars in general. 
 
 The Galenical texts were so riddled with errors that, in the 
 judgment of many of the wise, the author’s meaning was not to 
 be rescued alive. But Leonicenus and Linacre were heaven-ap- 
 pointed healers of sick codices. They would not agree to let 
 truth die. Today ‘les hommes doctes” are still reading the 
 partial versions which these two restorers made amid difficulties 
 inconceivable. Unimpeachable and immortal versions they were 
 (though Linacre’s style was a shade too severe), the admiration 
 and envy of Erasmus, of Aldus, Budaeus, Fuchs, Copus and 
 Melanchthon. These fresh renderings of the Pergamene brought 
 the travailing Renaissance to its feet standing. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ) 
 
 396 IMPROMPTU IN A LIBRARY—STREETER 
 
 ‘There was nothing anachronistic in the talents of either of 
 these men, but on the whole Leonicenus was a bolder innovator 
 than his junior. In middle life he declared war against the 
 Arabians. At seventy he launched an attack on “our Pliny,” — 
 the infallible oracle, whose rude periods summed up the wisdom 
 of the ancient world. At eighty he resolved that the issue of 
 his teaching should be the reorganization of the study of nature. 
 At ninety odd he began a translation of the whole of Galen. 
 Life has no weapons against such a man. Eternally young, keen 
 as a charioteer, he held such claims over the mind of youth as to 
 force it to follow his deep-brained work. He cleared the ground 
 for a smashing advance in the basic sciences of medicine. Par- 
 ticularly in botany. It then became the function of the German 
 “Fathers of Botany” to move forward step by step and consoli- 
 date his gains. He overthrew the authority of Pliny and others 
 of greater note. It became the function of Peter Ramus to over- 
 throw Aristotle. Leonicenus, advanced in years, had fathered 
 the New Criticism. He took all the hazards, not as a timid en- 
 dorser of that movement (which brought Ramus to his death) 
 but as founder and fountain-head. The virile old man took a 
 leap, not in the dark, but into the intolerant brightness, the in- 
 effable glory of the new day.” 
 
 The Chief pushed back his chair to go. He rose, then, 
 bending again over the volumes on the table, he picked up the 
 “Brrors of Pliny’’. 
 
 He appeared to weigh it, unopened on his palm. “Stript of 
 its binding, about two ounces; of magical black letters take two 
 ounces, of the purest efficacy, and you have a purge for the wind- 
 iest crudities that ever beset the body of medicine. This potent 
 world-shaking little text, so thin, so light in the hand, acted as a 
 powerful corrective in yet another way. It uncramped the pos- 
 ture of the mind, the mediaeval posture, confined to terms, forms, 
 processes of thought imposed by authority. It slew the syllo- 
 gism, the noisome quibble and other things of an ill-habit. It 
 made mind regnant.”’ 
 
 He was standing beside T. with his hand on the young man’s 
 shoulder. ‘If the scientific impulse has found firm lodgment, by 
 any chance, in you and me, it might become us to show a little 
 gratitude to the old man. What do you think about it?” With 
 that he was gone. 
 
 
 
es, 
 REMINISCENCE—R. Tarr McKenzip 397 
 
 OSLER AND ART 
 
 REMINISCENCE 
 R. Tart McKenzir 
 Philadelphia 
 
 SLER had that hunger for, and appreciation of accurate 
 
 observation that the scientist shares with the artist. 
 
 With the artist he also shared an insatiable curiosity about 
 
 life. ‘The autopsy room was often his studio and his reports 
 
 couched in lucid English were the sketches that became the 
 
 groundwork for textbooks and essays that take their place 
 as works of art. 
 
 Above all he loved his fellow craftsmen whether, in the 
 field of medicine or in the bypaths of literature or art that 
 have proved so alluring to many of us. 
 
 Early in 1919 he wrote in answer to something I had 
 sent him, ‘Just what I wanted, many thanks. It will go 
 in my Bibliotheca Literaria. Now do something else. Jot 
 down for me the names of doctors you know who have 
 attained some measure of success in art. Of course I know 
 Seymour Hayden, and Thomson, and one or two others, but 
 in France, Germany and Italy there must be others. Any 
 in the United States?”’ Among other things unearthed in 
 response to this request was Trueman Bartlett’s ‘Life of 
 William Rimmer” the New England doctor whose genius, 
 akin to that of William Blake, never flowered as it would 
 have done in a more sympathetic atmosphere. 
 
 The book went to him with that keen joy that one 
 feels in sharing something rare and precious with an under- 
 standing friend, but alas! The book of his own life was in 
 the last chapter and its volume closed before the scanty 
 and decreasing leisure of the last broken months gave him a 
 chance to enjoy it. 
 
 
 
 
 
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 398 <A Visit Wits Doctor OsLEeR In OxrorD—Bixrrring 
 
 A VISIT WITH DOCTOR OSLER IN OXFORD 
 Water L. Brerrinc, M.D., Hon. M.R.C.P. Ep. 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa 
 
 ROM my “Notes by the Wayside” a few leaves are 
 taken to recall a happy day spent with Sir William Osler 
 at his home in dear old Oxford. It was one of the later days 
 in the month of July, 1919, at a time when all England 
 is beautiful with its green hillsides, fields of hops and grain, pic- 
 turesque ivy-covered houses, and enclosed English gardens, form- 
 ing such an interesting landscape that the two hours ride from 
 London to Oxford passed very quickly. 
 
 My traveling companion, Colonel Louis A. LaGarde, 
 and I arrived in Oxford at the luncheon hour. Lady Osler 
 was at the station with her car. There were two other visitors, 
 Colonel and Mrs. R. P. Strong; in civil life Colonel Strong 
 was Professor of Tropical Medicine at Harvard Medical School. 
 
 We were soon at No. 13 Norham Gardens. Dr. Osler met 
 us on the veranda with a greeting such as only he could give. 
 He might be Sir William to others, but he was still the same Doc- 
 tor Osler as we knew him in the good days before he came to Ox- 
 ford in 1905. We were aware that the medical world had taken 
 notice some two weeks before of his seventieth birthday, for on 
 this happy occasion Sir Clifford Allbutt with his more than eighty 
 years had made some jocular reference to his youthful colleague. 
 We too could testify that age had dealt kindly with him. 
 Although the black mustache had changed to gray, the last fi teen 
 years seemed to have passed unnoticed. In the oldtime twinkle 
 of the eye, the winning smile and elastic boyish-like activity, we 
 saw the Doctor Osler as his American friends had always known 
 him. As Colonel LaGarde and Sir William were born in the 
 same year, there was much of banter and compliment in regard 
 to youthful appearance and the like in the greeting of these two 
 old friends. | 
 
 In his many inquiries about American colleagues, one appre- 
 ciated how he still entertained the warmest sympathies for Amer- 
 ica and her institutions, associated as they were no doubt, with 
 some of his happiest memories. One of his first questions was 
 
 
 
NES, 
 
 A Visir Witx Doctor OsLER IN OxrorD—BIERRING 399 
 
 “How is my old friend, Priestley?”’, “Tell him I have just picked 
 up several fine old works of his ancestor, Joseph Priestley’’. He 
 was interested to learn that the two grandsons of his friend, Doc- 
 tor Priestley, had entered the University of Pennsylvania where 
 their distinguished ancestor was associated with the first medical 
 faculty. 
 
 We marveled at his memory and knowledge of details of the 
 various happenings in medical circles in America. He seemed to 
 know so much about old friends and the service that each had 
 rendered during the war period. Many had called on him, for 
 Oxford had evidently been the Mecca for Americans during the 
 previous five years. Lady Osler informed us that her maid had 
 kept a record of the visiting Americans to whom tea had been 
 served during the above period, and the number was over sixteen 
 hundred. 
 
 Two special hospitals for cardio-vascular diseases and ortho- 
 pedic conditions were established in Oxford during the war, where 
 a large number of American medical officers were stationed from 
 time to time. Lady Osler referred to the great pleasure it gave 
 Sir William to have these fine young men about him. We all 
 remember his particular affection for the younger members of the 
 profession. The medical officers who were so fortunate in being 
 associated in service with Doctor Osler will no doubt always treas- 
 ure the memory of this experience. 
 
 Sir William was looking forward with interest and pleasure 
 to meeting his many American friends the following year at the 
 annual session of the American Medical Association in New 
 Orleans. 
 
 After luncheon we wandered about the beautiful garden and 
 the interesting home with its treasure store of books; later saw a 
 bit of the University that to most of us means Oxford. There is 
 particular charm about Christ Church, Mertons, Magdalen, Pem- 
 broke, Balliol, Queens, University, Oriel and the other colleges 
 that form the University of Oxford; some of them are mellow with 
 age, while others belong to the newer group, but about all there 
 cluster many interesting traditions of leading personages in Eng- 
 lish history. Knowing his fine cultural instincts and love for old 
 books, one could readily see why Doctor Osler found the new en- 
 vironment so attractive. 
 
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 400 A Vistr Wirxn Doctor OsLER IN Oxrorp—Bimrring 
 
 period, his interests and sympathies continued to be directed in 
 promoting the highest ideals in medicine. His deep interest in 
 the purpose of our visit can serve as one such example. 
 
 For a long time the idea had been in the minds of the lead- 
 ing clinicians and medical educators in the United States, that 
 the best means to elevate the standards of medical practice was 
 to develop, of national scope, a central qualifying board, express- 
 ive of the highest type of medical training in our country. As an 
 outgrowth of this sentiment, the National Board of Medical Ex- 
 aminers was established in 1915. 
 
 With the close of the World War the time seemed opportune 
 to have a.committee of the Board make a comparative study of 
 qualifying examinations as conducted by the Royal College of 
 Surgeons, the Conjoint Board of England, and the Triple Quali- 
 fication Board of Scotland. The further object of the mission 
 was to acquaint these bodies with the aims and purposes of the 
 National Board, with a view of bringing about some form of re- 
 ciprocal understanding between their country and ours in matters 
 of medical education on the basis of the examination conducted 
 by the National Board.* 
 
 In previous correspondence Sir William had been most help- 
 ful with advice as to manner of approach and general procedure, 
 and on this day expressed gratification over the favorable impres- 
 sion that our mission had evidently accomplished. The commit- 
 tee had decided to include in its report a recommendation that 
 the National Board extend an official invitation for a British Com- 
 mission (of three members) representing the qualifying bodies of 
 England and Scotland, to come to the United States during the 
 following year for a study of our leading medical schools and 
 teaching hospitals, and to attend a National Board examination 
 in Philadelphia. The advice of Doctor Osler was again helpful 
 in selecting the personnel of this proposed Commission, and with 
 his approval the following names were submitted: Sir Humphry 
 Rolleston of the Royal College of Physicians, Sir Holburt J. 
 Waring of the Royal College of Surgeons, representing the 
 Conjoint Board of England, and Sir Norman Walker of Edin- 
 burgh as the representative of the Triple Board of Scotland. 
 
 
 
 *The Committee consisted of Colonel L. A. LaGarde, Colonel Victor C. 
 Vaughan, and the writer. Colonel Vaughan was detained at home by reason 
 of the death of his son, which occurred just before sailing. | 
 
 a ee ee a ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 | 
 
Es 
 
 A Visir Witn Doctor OsLEeR In Oxrorp—BrigerRInG 401 
 
 Sir William was most encouraging in his prophesies as to the 
 outcome of these mutual visits, recognizing their far reaching 
 importance, not alone in forecasting still further exchange of pro- 
 fessional relations between the two English-speaking nations, but 
 in advancing the higher ideals of world peace and human welfare.* 
 
 Our Committee had made a rather extensive investigation 
 of the opportunites for post-graduate study in England and 
 France, particularly in London. Here again we recognized the 
 leadership of Sir William, for he seemed to have early appreciated 
 the necessity of co-ordinating the graduate work in London and 
 Paris in order to keep American physicians from again going to 
 Berlin or Vienna for this purpose. For the first time a definite 
 plan for post-graduate medical education had been accomplished 
 by a union of all the undergraduate medical schools, existing post- 
 graduate schools and special hospitals of London, which would 
 permit American and foreign physicians to avail themselves of 
 the unusual clinical material afforded by post-graduate courses in 
 London. This plan was referred to as the Osler scheme, and Sir 
 William was the Chairman of the Executive Committee in charge 
 of this new institution. 
 
 Sir William and Lady Osler were making ready to leave 
 the next day for the Isle of Jersey, their summer home. This had 
 been a summer of peace and victory celebrations in England, and 
 the first opportunity for relief from the great strain in five years. 
 
 The war had brought the keenest sorrow to the Osler home 
 in the loss of an only son. This did not find expression in words, 
 although it was in the thoughts of all that day. 
 
 It was this quiet heroism in the aftermath of the great war, 
 reflected in so many English homes, that more than all else en- 
 gendered a stimulating hope for the future of this sturdy race. 
 
 The hour had come to say adieu. There was that in the 
 words at parting “‘ Mighty glad that you boys came out’’, and in 
 the final wave of the hand, that left a delightful impression of 
 our visit to Oxford. 
 
 *The British Commission upon their return in 1920 rendered a report 
 to the Conjoint Board of England and the Triple Board of Scotland that the 
 educational methods in the United States and the National Board examina- 
 tion were satisfying, and recommended that the diplomates of the National 
 Board be admitted to the finals of the two British qualification Boards and 
 similar action was taken by the National Board with reference to certificates 
 from the two qualifying Boards mentioned, thus establishing for the first time 
 a reciprocal agreement in matters of medical education between the two 
 countries, 
 
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 402 CGiimpses oF OsLER Durinc THE WaR—VIETs 
 
 GLIMPSES OF OSLER DURING THE WAR 
 Henry Viets, M. D. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 N the heart of Oxford there stands one of the finest of the 
 Radcliffe memorials, the Radcliffe Infirmary. A small hos- 
 pital of old vine-covered buildings and spacious gardens recently 
 modernized by newer structures containing laboratories and 
 offices of administration, the whole standing as a perfect unit 
 for a moderate sized town. Sir William’s touch is everywhere 
 seen, in the wards, in the laboratory and in the pathological build- 
 ing. It is a Twentieth Century hospital builded on a secure 
 Seventeenth Century foundation. 
 
 If you stood at the door of this hospital on a Sunday morn- 
 ing and looked up the Woodstock Road at precisely ten o’clock you 
 would see Sir William round the corner with his quick energetic 
 step, coat-tails flying, yellow gloves flapping from his hand held 
 in one trousers pocket, cane swinging on the other arm, head 
 erect, eyes thoughtful but brilliant, observing all as he passed. 
 A wave of the hand to an old friend, a word with a neighbour 
 over the garden wall, a pat and a witticism for a child, and quickly 
 
 he had passed down the street. When he reached your side, a — , 
 
 hearty handshake, a pleasant word and, with arm on your shoul- 
 der, he would enter the hospital. Then a round of the wards, 
 a compliment to the nurse, a joke to the house-surgeon, a sympa 
 thetic touch for the sick and a bedside clinic for ten minutes, 
 running the whole historical gamut of pernicious anaemia from 
 
 the first reported cases to the special aspect of the case before him. » 
 
 After an hour in the wards you would follow him to the pathological 
 building, in his opinion the very heart of the hospital, where 
 the specimens of the past week were examined and correlate 
 with the clinical pictures so well remembered from the week before. 
 The end of the morning always came in the garden with Sir Will- 
 iam the centre of the group, talking on all the aspects of the cases 
 seen, with characteristic vivacity, enthusiasm and profundity. 
 The hospital was made, in Osler’s time, the centre of medi 
 life in Oxford. He would see a case or autopsy of special interest 
 
 there and then throw himself into that problem until it was 
 
 — - 
 —_ 
 
  ? we ae ee — aw 
 
 
 
Cs 
 
 GLIMPSES OF OsLER DuRING THE WAR—VIETS 403 
 
 covered in all its aspects. Then came a symposium at the Rad- 
 cliffe a few weeks later, at which he showed the case or specimens, 
 gave other illustrative cases from his vast experience, reviewed 
 the subject historically, noted the modern literature and spoke 
 of the treatment, often ending with a plea for more autopsies 
 and the preservation of carefully described specimens in quali- 
 fied museums. Such a brilliant symposium, for instance, occur- 
 ed in March 1915 on, ‘“Arterio-Venous Aneurysm,”’ a most com- 
 prehensive talk, published in the Lancet for May 8th, of that 
 year. This was only one of the many that came from his pen 
 during those frightful four years of war. 
 
 In spite of the terrible personal strain of the War, he never for a 
 moment turned aside from his love of medical history. One day in 
 September 1916 I had occasion to relate to him the story of an 
 excursion I had taken the day before to the little village of Fenny 
 Stratford, north of Oxford, in search of information about Thomas 
 Willis. After listening with the greatest interest, he at once 
 planned a trip to this village on St. Martin’s Day, the 14th of 
 November, to attend the yearly patronal festival for Thomas 
 Willis. I wrote, later, to Dr. Bradbrooke of Fenny Stratford 
 and, of course, the whole affair ended in Sir William becoming 
 the orator of the day (Vide,—Annals Med. Hist.,1917.1.118). We 
 went up together at the appointed time and I have never seen 
 him enjoy a lark so much. He had all the enthusiasm of a boy 
 and fairly carried the Fenny Stratfordians off their feet. Instead 
 of an old staid professor from the ancient University they met 
 & man who combined all the finest qualities of youth, both men- 
 tally and physically, with profound knowledge and the graceful 
 dignity of his honorable office. He told me on the train coming 
 home that it was one of the pleasantest days of the War, the first 
 day in months that he had been able to throw off the constant 
 strain. 
 
 Sir William traveled to many military hospitals in his capac- 
 ity as consultant during the summer of 1916, when I saw most of 
 him. In spite of the restriction of the use of petrol he was able 
 to retain his car and use it for official visits. Very often it was 
 two days a week, all day trips, of a most strenous character. 
 Promptly at nine he would leave the house, in a not unbecoming 
 uniform, his arms loaded with letters and books to read on the 
 way. There was never a minute lost and I have seen him-look 
 
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 404 Gimpses oF OsLER DuRING THE WAR—VIETS 
 
 Sa Ee 
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 through fifty letters and five or six books or sales-catalogues 
 while we were hurrying through the country, much of the time 
 keeping up his end of the conversation. His arrival at a military 
 hospital like Cliveden or Paighton was an event, and the whole 
 staff would be out to meet him. It was always the usual rounds 
 of the wards and a visit to the pathological laboratory; his esti- 
 mate of the value of a hospital was largely based on the condition 
 of its laboratory of pathology and its museum. This depart- 
 ment was always the first asked for on entering a new hospital, 
 and a visit to the pathology building was never omitted. Lunch- 
 eon on these hospital trips was an important part of the program, 
 for at such times Sir William was at his best, telling stories and 
 anecdotes galore, his brilliant touch enlivening many a sombre 
 mess. When America entered the War he added her hospitals 
 in England to his already overcrowded schedule. The opening 
 of the American Hospital at Portsmouth, with Sir William raising 
 the flag and delivering a short address, was the finest start such 
 an institution could have. His presence on that day drew many 
 distinguished men from the surrounding community to welcome 
 and honour him, but his heart was with the wounded or sick 
 soldier, and the real Osler stood out at the bedside more clearly 
 than in the banquet hall. The sick men loved him from the start 
 and felt the glory of his association with them; he in turn rever- 
 enced their manliness and fortitude under conditions not of their 
 own choosing. His touch made them better, his glance made 
 dim eyes grow bright. , 
 In his home he was always close to his books, for his library : 
 flowed over the house, invading the sleeping rooms and even the 
 dining room. At dinner he often arose to reach for the handy 
 Dictionary of National Biography to verify or augment some 
 subject of conversation. He would suddenly jump up, capture 
 the right volume, bring it back to his chair, and, holding the book 
 on his knee, read the important paragraph aloud. Perhaps this 
 would happen two or three times during dinner, for he always ° 
 held that the best time to learn was when the idea sought for first 
 came to mind. I am sure that he considered the ideal public 
 library or museum as one never closed, where the doors would 
 always be wide open when the inspiration came. At tea or after 
 dinner came the delightful toss of conversation on the shaded 
 porch, with the books always at hand for reference. 
 
 
 
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 GummpsEs oF OsLER DuRING THE War—VIETS 405 
 
 was a library used, in a way I have never seen duplicated. Dust 
 seldom collected, especially on the older books, where the masters 
 of medicine originally described the clinical entities. In the early 
 evenings he would slip away for a quiet hour in the library, his 
 going being almost imperceptible, so royally entertained were we 
 by Lady Osler. Just at the psychological moment when some 
 important guest was leaving he would appear with a friendly 
 word, link his arm in his guest’s and escort him to the door. 
 
 In the fall he held what he called his “annual shed.” 
 To all who happened to be present fell his duplicate books, pam- 
 phlets and reprints, and a very valuable catch it often was for 
 the youngsters in medicine in Oxford at the time. I have seen 
 delighted students carry away a small library in their arms and 
 many a nucleus for a private medical library has been started in 
 this way. Sir William was never happier than on those days 
 when he blessed some Canadian or American student as the young 
 man left the house, with arms full of books and heart full of grat- 
 itude and love for his benefactor. 
 
 In the summer of 1919, his last summer, came what he 
 considered one of the most important events of his life. He had 
 been chosen the president of the Classical Association and was to 
 accept that honourable office in Oxford. His address on that 
 occasion has been charmingly described elsewhere (Vide,— 
 Introduction by Dr. Harvey Cushing to The Old Humanities and 
 the New Science. Houghton, Mifflin, Boston and New York, 
 1920.) His heart was always true to science and medicine, 
 and I remember his delight in showing to the classical scholars 
 the collection of old scientific instruments at the Bodleian that 
 had been gathered together for the event. He revelled in orreries, 
 astrolabes and early microscopes; the history of this and the 
 history of that was on his tongue’s end. In the collection, the 
 very vitals of early English science were exposed, only waiting 
 for his interpretation. The best of the classical men in England 
 sat at his feet that day and went away astounded at their own 
 ignorance. The seemingly wide breach between the Classics and 
 Science was closed after years of misconception. It was truly a 
 fitting end to his splendid career and his audience must have made 
 him very happy with its applause and congratulations. 
 
 It has been an easy task to put together these fragments 
 about one who was so beloved as Sir William Osler. The honour 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 ————-—~ - -—_-----. 
 Pra oe eee 
 
 
 
 406 Oster as Host tro AMERICANS IN ENGLAND—Norris 
 
 of having them appear in the Memorial Volume of the Bulletin 
 is one most sincerely appreciated. My thanks go out to the 
 Editors for their kindness in giving me such a privilege. 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER AS HOST TO AMERICANS — 
 IN ENGLAND DURING THE WAR* 
 
 GEORGE WILLIAM Norris, A.B., M.D. 
 Philadelphia 
 
 [* the autumn of 1904 a young man recently emerged from a 
 hospital interneship, and having had the temerity to send out 
 certain medical reprints, received the following letter: 
 
 “Thanks for your papers, with which I am greatly pleased, 
 not only for the evidence of good work they show, but for the 
 memory of your father and grandfather. The tuberculous endo- 
 carditis paper is most interesting and will be useful, as I have 
 just been going over all our material on the subject. Could you 
 not come down this winter and give us a little talk at our Laen- 
 nec Society? I send you a programme and you will see the sort 
 of work we are trying to do.” 
 
 Needless to say the young man accepted, and thus first 
 tasted Oslerian hospitality and fell under the spell of Oslerian 
 influence. 
 
 The incident itself is of interest only in that it exemplifies 
 what was happening to other young physicians in other cities. 
 The mere fact that someone did read reprints, and especially 
 that no less a man than Osler himself had shown a personal 
 interest in one’s efforts, was a stimulus as effective as it was 
 widespread. Is it any wonder that Osler’s death is so strongly 
 felt as a personal loss by so large a part of our medical profes- 
 sion. And is it any wonder, on the other hand, that Osler could 
 do and did so much during the great war in having the young 
 Americans and Canadians who went to England assigned to 
 duties and positions best suited to their abilities? 
 
 In May, 1917, when the first American Base Hospitals 
 
 Read at the Osler Memorial Meeting, College of Physicians, oF ra 
 
 delphia, March 3rd, 1920. Reprinted from the American Jo 0 
 Medical Sciences, 1920, clix, 630. 
 
 
 
te 
 
 OsLER AS Host TO AMERICANS IN ENGLAND—NorrR1Is 407 
 
 arrived in England, among the first to meet them and extend a 
 welcoming hand was Sir William, who seemed to be everywhere: 
 handshaking with everyone and inviting many to his home. 
 From our first entrance into the war until long thereafter a con- 
 stant and steady stream of Americans flowed to Oxford. From 
 hundreds one heard in France of their delightful welcome 
 there. 
 
 Nor must we think that such hospitality was extended only 
 to friends and persons of distinction. There were probably no 
 men in the whole American service so lonely, lost and forgotten 
 as that lot of unattached medical officers, upward of one thou- 
 sand in number, who were sent overseas in the early days, attached 
 to British battalions, and as reward for their prompt patriotism, 
 denied consideration as well as promotion by our War Depart- 
 ment. Many of these men were welcomed at Oxford, although 
 for the most part they were entire strangers to Sir William in 
 both name and reputation. 
 
 Those who again visited Sir William after the Armistice, 
 after the death of his son, were amazed to see with what an 
 unconquerable spirit he met his awful loss. There was the 
 same self-effacing kindness and sacrifice, the same hospitality 
 and farewell dinners even for those about to return home—din- 
 ners graced by men of international repute, because Sir William 
 was the host. 
 
 Of the hospitality meted out at 13 Norham Gardens it is 
 difficult to speak. One did not have to be told one was wel- 
 come—one somehow felt it. It was indeed a place where, as 
 related in the old Norse Saga of Frithiof, “Hospitality sat in 
 gladness.’ She strained not, but pervaded all things. Whether 
 one wandered in the gardens with Lady Osler, who wistfully 
 showed one her pet flower-beds ploughed up to grow potatoes; 
 whether one visited the military hospital or dined at old Christ 
 Church College with Sir William; or whether of an evening one 
 sat at ease before the open fire in the library, while being shown 
 the treasured tomes that Osler knew and loved so well, it mat- 
 tered not. The evenings passed quickly amid reminiscence, anec- 
 dote, flashes of wit and twinkles from those deep-set eyes; while 
 questions were asked about those at home whom he had long not 
 seen. 
 
 
 
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 408 Os Ler as Host To AMERICANS IN ENGLAND—Norris 
 
 Advice and assistance were yours for the asking. Often 
 indeed one heard: ‘‘You must see such and such a hospital; I 
 will give you a letter.” ‘Don’t fail to visit ———- a splendid 
 fellow; tell him I sent you.” “If you want anything when in 
 France drop me a line.’”’ “I was interested in your article on 
 so and so and shall refer to it in my next edition.” “You must 
 read X, published in 1640; he was quite wonderful. But little of 
 real importance has been added since.”’ 
 
 Charming, always interesting and interested; always giving 
 in full measure of himself and of his time; always brave and 
 smiling, and with an only son in France in the heavy artillery. 
 A son so much beloved that it is with much hesitancy and only 
 in profound reverence I speak of an almost sacred incident. 
 
 It was long past bedtime; we were about to ‘“‘turn in” and 
 had lit our bed-room candles, when the cheery, well-known voice 
 from the hallway called us back. ‘Do you mind? I should like 
 to show you Revere’s room?”’ 
 
 There it was, untenanted, but just as its occupant had left 
 it. “You must see some of his books. Are not these gems? 
 These old editions of English classics which he has picked up. | 
 hear from him every week.”’ 
 
 The quiet room in the sleepy town, the flickering candles, 
 the musty volumes, the devoted father—it was a picture seen 
 through an atmosphere of the teeth-gritting tenseness which per- 
 vaded the whole of England at that time; and with a background 
 of that Hell that was being enacted across the Channel—a pic- 
 ture that will not be forgotten. 
 
 And it was not long afterward we learned that the dreaded 
 blow had fallen, and that Revere, too, now slept in ““Flander’s 
 Fields!”’ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 ES, 
 OsLER—PHYSICIAN AND PHILANTHROPIST—GILCREEST 409 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER—PHYSICIAN AND 
 PHILANTHROPIST—GLIMPSES 
 DURING THE WORLD WAR* 
 
 EpGar LorRRINGTON GiLcreEstT, M.D. 
 
 University of California, San Francisco 
 
 ECEMBER of 1925 will be the sixth anniversary of the 
 death of Sir William Osler. It will also be the sixth anni- 
 versary of the gift by John D. Rockefeller of fifty million dollars 
 to a fund for medical research, which gift swelled his total contri- 
 butions to medical science to three hundred million dollars. 
 Because of these contributions, James Harvey Robinson has 
 placed Mr. Rockefeller among the seven greatest Americans, on 
 the ground that through his donations to medical science he has 
 accomplished more for the human race than any other man on 
 this continent. Now, part of the credit and the glory of this 
 great achievement belongs to Osler, for he, too, shared in stimu- 
 lating Rockefeller’s interest in medicine. Through him education 
 “turned the eye of the soul towards the light.’”’ Whatever 
 additional account, therefore, can be given of this man who, in 
 a crowded career, performed such service incidentally should be 
 illuminating. 
 
 It was my good fortune to have come in rather close contact 
 with Sir William Osler in 1915 during the World War. He was 
 consultant to the American Women’s War Hospital in Paignton, 
 South Devonshire, England, where I was serving as an American 
 Red Cross Surgeon, and during his visits to this section, which 
 would sometimes last a week, he would have luncheon with us 
 every day after his hospital rounds. At these luncheons Dr. 
 Osler’s conversation was always sparkling and brilliant and full 
 of humour. It became my custom to jot down in my diary 
 much of what he said. And I retain vivid impressions of him 
 at his work. 
 
 As he made his tour through the hospital he generated 
 
 *Address delivered by invitation at the annual dinner of the King County 
 Medica] Society in Seattle, Washington, March, 1925. 
 
 30 
 
 By 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 410 OsLER—PHYSICIAN AND PHILANTHROPIST—GILCREEST 
 
 everywhere a spirit of warm friendship. He shook hands with 
 all the physicians and nurses as he came to them, not overlooking 
 the probationers. To those across the ward he waved a friendly 
 greeting. When one of the nurses asked him to let her take his 
 photograph, he grasped the arms of two of the physicians, saying: 
 “Well, but I must have the boys with me.’’ A few moments 
 afterward the nurse, watching her opportunity, snapped him by 
 himself. When he heard the click of the camera he looked up 
 in surprise and exclaimed, smiling: ‘Oh! you thief.” As he met 
 the secretary of the hospital, a. very quiet and demure English 
 woman, he asked her if she were being treated as well as she 
 deserved. She blushed and replied that she thought she was. 
 Whereupon Sir William with a twinkle in his eye, added: “ Well, 
 if you are not, just let me know and I shall see that your treat- 
 ment reaches that standard.”’ In all this there was modesty, 
 good-nature and a shining spirit of justice. 
 
 As we made our way through the wards I showed him eight 
 patients with gun-shot. wounds of the chest. He examined 
 them carefully and dictated a note on each and then remarked 
 to me: “Turn them over to Dr. Rest and Father Time, and 
 with the assistance of the nurses and the culinary department 
 they will soon come around.’ 
 
 Evenings in the drawing room of the hospital he would 
 frequently talk to us by the hour on the history of medicine. 
 We would listen thrilled by the story of his discovery of a first 
 edition or a rare volume in some old book shop somewhere at 
 some time. No one studied and revered the lives of the fathers 
 of medicine more than Osler. He himself had said: “In the 
 continual remembrance of a glorious past individuals and nations 
 find their noblest inspiration.” He was an ardent bibliophile. 
 “Books have been my delight these thirty years,” he stated in 
 his address in 1901 delivered at the opening of the Boston Medical 
 Library, and quotes “Books delight us when prosperity sweetly 
 smiles; they stay to comfort us when cloudy fortune frowns. 
 They lend strength to human compacts, and without them grave 
 judgments may not be propounded.” He began early in life 
 the collection of the masters of medicine and when he died his 
 collection at Oxford was one of the best. This great library he 
 bequeathed to his alma mater, McGill. Here also, among his 
 books his ashes will repose. Reading in that library—his shrine— 
 
 
 

 
 LE s 
 
 
 
 Sirk WILLIAM OSLER IN DRAWING ROOM, AMERICAN WOMEN’S WAR HOSPITAL, 
 PAIGNTON, SOUTH DEVONSHIRE, ENGLAND—1915., 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ORO a Sean epteneee 
 
 
 
 Sir WILLIAM OSLER AND STAFF 
 AMERICAN WOMEN’S WAR HOSPITAL, PAIGNTON, SOUTH DEVONSHIRE, ENGLAND 
 
 From left to right standing: Dr. J. Li. Stowers, Dr. Ww. T. Fitzsimmons, 
 From right to left sitting: Dr. Robert W. Hinds, Lt.-Col. Gunning, Sir 
 
 The second man from the left in back row is Dr. Fitzsimmons, 
 the American Government has dedicated a hospital in Denver, 
 
 who was the first American killed in the A. E. 
 known as the William Fitzsimmons Memorial 
 
 Mr. Hosmer, and Dr. Edgar L. Gilcreest. 
 William Osler, Head Matron, and Dr. Wm. 
 
 
 
 
 
 G. Crumley. 
 
 F., and to whom 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 
 

 
 ES, 
 
 OsLER—PHYSICIAN AND PHILANTHROPIST—GILCREEST 411 
 
 what student can fail to be influenced as he turns the pages of 
 these priceless treasures and considers the labour of love expressed 
 in their acquisition. 
 
 ‘I recall so well his remark one day when I showed him Dr. 
 John Wyeth’s autobiography, “With Sabre and Scalpel.” He 
 quickly grasped the book and turned its pages with enthusiasm 
 and avidity. In a few moments he came to a short poem which 
 Wyeth had composed and with a pleasing smile exclaimed: 
 “Well, my old friend Wyeth writing poetry! I might have 
 known this for he is a true Southerner. Let’s hear what you 
 Southern fellows have up your sleeves. ’’ 
 
 It was characteristic of him to give credit to others. One 
 afterroon as we were visiting the wards and perusing some 
 histories, I remarked to him about the good feeling that existed 
 among the medical schools and the physicians in Baltimore, 
 which I noted on a recent visit there. ‘‘ Yes,’’ he said, ‘“‘ Welch 
 is responsible for that.’”’ Yet it is well known that Dr. Osler 
 shared equally with Dr. Welch in this achievement and that in 
 recognition of his share and of the esteem in which he was held 
 in Baltimore, the Maryland Library of the Medical and Chirur- 
 gical Faculty dedicated a hall to Osler a few years before he died. 
 
 The stress and strain of the World War pressed heavily 
 upon him. He was much concerned about the comforts of the 
 old professors and their wives who had been driven out of Belgium 
 and had taken refuge in England and were thrown on the charity 
 of that country. He kept up an active correspondence with 
 medical men across the seas; and also with anxious parents 
 inquiring about the fate of their sons who were sick or wounded 
 in England. He shared the sorrows of these parents and in 
 August, 1917, the arrow struck deep in his heart when he was 
 brought his greatest grief in the death of his son, his only child, 
 who was killed at the age of twenty-one, about the Ypres salient. 
 In July, 1915, while visiting the military hospitals in France, I 
 had seen his son who was then attached to a Canadian Base 
 Hospital near Boulogne. Although he was not of age he was 
 even then lending a hand. He had become, too, his father’s 
 companion, and shared his interest in medical bibliography. 
 On being notified of his death, Dr. Osler bowed his head and said 
 softly: “He was a good boy, a good boy!’”’ Those who had 
 studied under Dr. Osler years before learned with deep grief of 
 
 a3) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
412 OsLeER—PHYSICIAN AND PHILANTHROPIST—GILCREEST 
 
 
 
 the death of his son. Their one remark was “Oh, the poor 
 chief!”? With the appellation “‘chief’’ went a mingled reverence 
 and admiration. And no one was ever more worthy the title; 
 he was “an officer equal to his office.”” The chief kept up his 
 work, and when death called him he was concerned with the 
 elaboration of a catalogue of his marvelous collection of historical 
 texts. The death of his boy broke his heart but his resolution 
 was unbent and he worked to the end. What Galsworthy has 
 said of Conrad is true of Osler “If to a man’s deserts is measured © 
 out the quality of his rest, he shall sleep well.” 
 
 One earlier impression of Osler links up with these later 
 glimpses. In May, 1910, in Baltimore while a student at Johns 
 Hopkins I heard Osler, who was then on a visit to America, 
 give a clinic on the day which happened to be the twentieth 
 anniversary of the opening of the Johns Hopkins Medical School 
 and his remarks on this occasion concerning the birth of the 
 school, with its twelve students, and the principles on which it 
 was founded and the requirements which were desired, its trials 
 and hardships, were illuminating and deeply inspiring. He 
 told how the canny folk—the kind whose ruling passion is fear 
 of backing the wrong horse—shook their heads, looked mysterious 
 and said to each other it will not work; a school with such a high 
 standard is a work of dreamers and theorists. But Osler and 
 his illustrious colleague, Welch, had a reverent optimism; they 
 cast their vision beyond the horizon. Thus their determination 
 to establish a medical school of the highest requirements was 
 to revolutionize the teaching of medicine in North America. 
 They lived to see their dream realized. In the days when I 
 used to see Osler go about the wards in South Devonshire, the 
 school had already come to be one of the great seats of medical 
 
 _learning of the world. Medicine in America to-day can in truth 
 be said to be Oslerized just as literature has been Shakespearized. 
 
 Osler’s claim to remembrance, I believe, rests upon four 
 factors. He was a clinician, a teacher, a writer, and a person- 
 ality. As a clinician he was unexcelled either on this continent 
 or abroad. His unparalleled diagnostic ability rested upon an 
 unusually careful and long training in the fundamental sciences, 
 a natural tendency to be accurate and painstaking, the widest 
 knowledge of his subject, frequent visits to foreign clinics and the 
 deepest interest in his profession. The ward of the hospital had 
 
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 OsLER—PHYSICIAN AND PHILANTHROPIST—GILCREEST 413 
 
 a peculiar fascination for him and every disease was interesting 
 and worthy of thorough study and investigation. ‘Osler saw,” 
 as Hare states, ‘“‘in disease in the living a treasure, just as Leidy 
 saw in every flower and stone, and bone, and worm, and rhizopod 
 an inner beauty.” 
 
 As a teacher he had no peer. He liberated the American 
 medical student from the dull didactic lecture of the class room 
 and took him to the bedside of the patient in the wards where 
 he could study and observe diseases in all their phases. To-day 
 the student assumes lightly that medical education has always been 
 thus but he has only to ask his grandfather or perhaps his father, 
 if they be doctors, about medical education in their time to 
 realize what a revolution in teaching this was and what an ever- 
 lasting debt of gratitude he owes to this great physician. How 
 Osler in this way revolutionized the teaching of medicine on this 
 continent makes one of the most brilliant chapters in medical 
 history and is in part responsible for the high respect which 
 American medicine enjoys to-day in the eyes of the scientific 
 world. Osler loved to teach. ‘‘Students,’’ he said, ‘were the 
 inspiration of my life.”” In one of his last addresses before 
 leaving America in 1905 to accept the Regius Professorship of 
 Medicine at Oxford, he said: ‘“‘I desire no other epitaph than 
 the statement that I taught medical students in the wards.’’ 
 His advice to students was taken, he said, from the Sermon on 
 the Mount: ‘Take, therefore, no thought for the morrow; for 
 the morrow shall take thought for the things of itself.” Put 
 the best that is in you in to-day’s work! He did more to mould 
 the character and affect the destinies of the men who studied 
 under him—ever “‘motivating them to high ideals’’—than, 
 perhaps any teacher of his time. He impressed upon them 
 never to confuse deals with ideals. As Brown observed: “the 
 more we learned, the more wonderful his boundless knowledge 
 seemed; the wider our vision, the more limitless his appeared.”’ 
 He planted in the minds of the students a love for the literature 
 of the profession, as well as for the most beautiful in general 
 literature. As Hare states: ““He taught us culture, and that 
 the wearied mind could find comfort, sustenance and inspiration 
 in paths wherein we had not trod in this workaday world.”’ 
 Those he taught were stimulated by their association with him 
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 414 OsLER—PuHYSICIAN AND PHILANTHROPIST—GILCREEST 
 
 life. His influence had left a deep and lasting impression on 
 them. ‘With influence there is life, without it there is nene.” 
 
 Numerous examples could be cited of the personal and 
 human touch of this great physician on the student, or group 
 of students—a touch which seemed to reach out and grip the 
 inner man. I shall relate only one. A medical student of 
 Oxford told me that he was walking down the street one morning 
 when Sir William passed in his carriage. As soon as he saw the 
 student he stopped his carriage and telling the driver to wait he 
 walked up to the student greeting him with a hearty “Good 
 morning.” Then arm in arm he walked with him for a few 
 minutes. He asked the student: ‘‘Well, what did you read last 
 night?” The student replied: “I read Graves’ disease.” 
 “You did,” said Sir William, adding: “That 1s interesting. 
 Now the latest contributions to this subject are as follows. . .,” 
 and then he told him from memory the names of men in different 
 parts of the world who were particularly interested in this sub- 
 ject and were writing on it. Just before returning to his car- 
 riage, Sir William asked the student: “What are you going to 
 do next Saturday evening?”’ “ Nothing in particular,” answered 
 the student. “Then suppose you come to my house for dinner.” 
 The next Saturday the student went and found a number of 
 fellow students there and he told me afterwards that Sir William 
 and Lady Osler gave them a “jolly good dinner.’”’ After dinner 
 they chatted and smoked in the drawing room and a few moments 
 later returned to the dining room. In the interval the table 
 had been cleared. Sir William brought into the room an arm 
 full of rare editions and going to the end of the table spent some 
 time showing and explaining these old books to the students. 
 Afterwards he consumed perhaps an hour telling them about the 
 life and contributions of Sydenham, one of the masters of medi- 
 cine. What physicians to-day, now enjoying @ professoriate or 
 a prominent place in their community, do not vividly recall 
 with much pride when they were students under Osler in the 
 Universities of McGill, Pennsylvania, J ohns Hopkins or Oxford 
 a similar friendly greeting or such an evening at the “Chief's” 
 house. 
 
 His influence was not restricted to his students alone but he 
 had a genuine interest in and felt a definite responsibility for 
 the welfare of the community in which he lived. When typhoid 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 NE, 
 
 OsLER—PHYSICIAN AND PHILANTHROPIST—GiLcREEST 415 
 
 fever was prevalent in this country and was filling the wards of 
 our hospitals and taking such a large toll in death, it was Osler, 
 asserts Hiram Woods, who in an address, said: ‘‘ Typhoid fever, 
 the monster that destroys the best of our sons and claims the 
 fairest of our daughters; are we to let it continue or stop it?” 
 Then Osler outlined the preventing measures to control this 
 devastating disease. Even before vaccine treatment was 
 developed these measures had reduced the scourge of typhoid 
 fever, and to-day together with vaccination have made it a rare 
 disease. 
 
 As a writer his works rank with the best in any language. 
 His “The Principles of the Practice of Medicine,’”’ he lived to 
 see accepted the world over and translated into many languages. 
 Although he stated once that “‘even great textbooks die like their 
 authors,’’ I believe that this magnwm opus will stand as an endur- 
 ing monument to his ability to put into one volume the best 
 knowledge of his time on the science and practice of medicine. 
 Of all the books written on medicine, if I were to be limited to 
 one, I should without question immediately choose this one. 
 He possessed that singular power to convey his thoughts with 
 directness and lucidity which leaves no doubt in the reader’s 
 mind as to his meaning. He was as familiar with the classics 
 as Ruskin was with the Bible and never had to skirmish for an 
 apt quotation to bring his point more forcibly home. His deli- 
 eate sense of humour made his writings fascinating without 
 detracting from their impressiveness. That the writings reveal 
 the man was never truer than with Osler. Even his energy 
 shows in them. His contributions to science include in all the 
 colossal list of over 770 articles and books. He felt that it was 
 the duty of every medical man to contribute as far as in him 
 lay to the progress of medicine. He said: ‘We are here not 
 to get all we can out of life for ourselves but to try to make the 
 lives of others happier.’’ In this respect he was a bridge builder 
 ever trying to make the way easier for those who were to follow. 
 Miss Noyes, the Librarian, asserts that: “No one man so left 
 his imprint on the libraries of two continents as has Sir William 
 Osler.” 
 
 Time and time alone gives the necessary perspective for the 
 true appreciation and evaluation of greatness. Emerson says: 
 “You cannot see the mountain near.’? Osler’s name will not 
 
 
 
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 416 OsLER—PHYSICIAN AND PHILANTHROPIST—GILCREEST 
 
 rest on any discoveries he, himself, made in the laboratory, 
 but rather on his studies and observations in gross pathology— 
 that is to say, his observations of changes found in the dead 
 and the application of this knowledge, together with the labora- 
 tory investigations in the treatment of the living. All the 
 knowledge of the combined sciences he brought to the bedside 
 of the patient in his attempt to arrive at a diagnosis. His life 
 work, therefore, was essentially in the ward with sick patients— 
 in the real laboratory of humanity, with disease ever before him 
 and its eradication his paramount desire. He was a clinician 
 first, last and all the time and there never was a better one. It 
 has often been said that flowers grow best in the garden of him 
 who loves them. Osler’s success was due to his love for humanity 
 and his one aspiration from his advent into medicine was to be 
 a physician in the largest and purest sense of the word. Fidelity 
 to profession and purpose was never better exemplified than in 
 Osler’s life. Indeed, fidelity could sum up his life and work. 
 To walk with him on his ward rounds; to see him carefully examine 
 a patient and accurately dictate his minutest findings; to hear 
 his words of cheer and encouragement to the afflicted; to listen 
 to his advice and counsel to students and assistants was to realize 
 that you were in the presence of a master—a scientist, an artist, 
 a scholar, a humanitarian, a philosopher all in this one physician. 
 Greatness and nobleness cannot be moulded and fashioned out of 
 more enduring material. 
 
 Osler’s abilities as a clinician, as a teacher, and as a writer 
 would of themselves have made him famous. But this tripod 
 of great qualities combined with a magnetic personality such as 
 his made him easily the greatest physician the world has ever 
 known. This is not an extravagant statement made at an 
 unguarded moment. The more his life, his works, and his influ- 
 ence on medical men and on scientific medicine all over the 
 world are studied the greater he becomes. It is, indeed, a far 
 cry from the days of magic to microbe and many great names 
 adorn the pages of medical history and I bow in reverence to 
 the mention of them—from Hippocrates to Lister and Koch. 
 But when all the component parts of Osler’s greatness are 
 brought together, the most illustrious physician in all history 
 stands forth. 
 
 “Even in youth he possessed personal qualities, ” Barker 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 > 
 
 OsLER—PHYSICIAN AND PHILANTHROPIST—GILCREEST 417 
 
 states, ‘which marked him as a leader.” In his nature the 
 love of science, art, literature and charity were blended in such 
 wondrous proportions that he was destined to be an outstanding 
 figure of his day. Osler possessed tolerance, the noblest virtue 
 of mankind. I shall always recall him as ‘‘living more in the 
 sunshine of life’? and as having that rare and real secret to the 
 beauty of life—the true art of living—more than any man | 
 have ever known. This I treasure among the priceless memories 
 of cherished associations. Although when I was with him he 
 was three score and five, an age when many men are in “‘the sere 
 and yellow leaf,” he retained to a remarkable degree his mental 
 and physical vigour. Such a delightful raconteur was he that 
 it was often said of him that when he was at a dinner that no 
 matter where the host sat, where Dr. Osler sat was the head of 
 the table. 
 
 This domination of a dinner table was not due entirely to 
 his power as a story teller and to his wit. His distinguished 
 appearance contributed to it. His well chiseled features, bis 
 “truly nobly proportioned head,’’ his expanse of forehead, his dark 
 penetrating eyes which seemed to see more than to look and 
 which in moments of humour mirrored merriment, his expres- 
 sion radiating kindness and good will, his alert, bright and hope- 
 ful countenance, his quick and graceful gesture, his indescribable 
 charm of manner which won you immediately and held you 
 captive thenceforth—this was Osler. 
 
 In his final address delivered in New York in May, 1905, he 
 left us with these words: ‘“‘Happiness comes to many of us in 
 many ways, but I can truly say that to few men has happiness 
 come in so may forms as it has come to me.” His words on 
 leaving his professorship at McGill years before are as applicable: 
 he“left it a rich man, not in this world’s goods. . .  .but 
 rich in the goods which neither rust nor moth have been able to 
 corrupt—in treasures of friendship and good fellowship.” 
 
 His house in Oxford, aptly called ‘“‘The Open Arms”’ was 
 in reality a Mecca for physicians from all parts of the world, 
 and a visitor there immediately felt the warmth of Sir William 
 and Lady Osler’s genuine welcome. In fact Malloch has referred 
 to him as the ‘Ambassador of North America.” 
 
 If Osler’s influence were traced from the time he entered 
 medicine until he closed his eyes in bis last sleep on the last 
 
 
 
 
 
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 418 Os~tER—PHYSICIAN AND PHILANTHROPIST—GILCREES? 
 
 Sunday in December, 1919, it would be found to run ag a deep 
 and broad river from its source in Canada, then to the United 
 States, and on to Great Britain. Wherever he went he carried 
 the seeds of fresh ideas, of scientific progress and good fellowship, 
 converted chaos into constructive thought; from these seeds 
 sprang up large and noble trees and from them twigs have been 
 taken and transported to the remote corners of the earth; and 
 from these twigs vast and green forests of medical learning have 
 grown and flourished—all pervaded and nourished by the breezes 
 of the Oslerian spirit of scientific medicine, love of truth and lofty 
 ideals. 
 
 The Sir William Osler here presented was the man whose 
 book ‘‘The Principles and Practice of Medicine”’ attracted the 
 attention of Mr. Rockefeller whose interest in medicine cul- 
 minated in the establishment of the Rockefeller Foundation and 
 whose contributions reached the week Osler died the colossal 
 sum of three hundred million dollars. If these millions had not 
 been turned into this channel for the alleviation of human suffer- 
 ing all over the world, inestimable, indeed, would have been the 
 loss to the world. Thus we see how Osler’s love for humanity 
 honoured him and served the world. His high place in medical 
 history as a physician is assured, but he should also have, and 
 with an increasing knowledge of his work will have, a high place 
 in the minds of all as a philanthropist. 
 
 When a man in our generation, born in Canada in her pioneer 
 days, so shapes his life that by his innate ability, force of character 
 and love of humanity, he affects the destinies of men all over 
 the world, he lifts himself to a spiritual supremacy among his 
 fellowmen that makes his life a drama of simplicity and grandeur 
 at once appealing, fascinating and inspiring. Such a life was Sir 
 William Osler’s. In these remarks I have attempted to give you 
 glimpses of his personal and human side—the real Osler. I hope 
 that they may show you some of his bright philosophy, who, 
 though engaged in serious work and accomplishing great deeds, 
 never took life too seriously nor lost his sense of humour; and that 
 they may cause those of you who were among his students to 
 walk again with him upon his memorable ward-rounds and bask 
 once more in the sunshine of his radiant personality. 
 
 
 

 
 ES, 
 Oster’s Visit TO Can. Gen. Hosprrat No. 3—Howarp 419 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER’S VISIT TO 
 NO. 3 CANADIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL (McGILL) 
 
 Maysor A. C. P. Howarp, C.A.M.C. 
 Iowa City 
 
 EVER shall I forget my six months service at a base hospital 
 
 at Dannes-Camiers, France. It was an experience of con- 
 
 trasts, light and shadow, work and lethargy, happiness and 
 boredom; bright clear sunshine or rain and mud. 
 
 We had scarcely put the finishing touches to our base hospital 
 of one thousand beds, and had only been receiving the sick and 
 wounded a week or two, when on September 8th, 1915, our hearts 
 were gladdened by the arrival of Sir William Osler, as our guest. 
 He came to us in the uniform of a Lieutenant-Colonel of the 
 R.M.C. looking as if he had been born and bred a soldier, and in 
 his bearing many years younger and certainly more “swanky” 
 than many of the regular officers of junior rank. He was the same 
 kindly spirit that we had all previously worshipped in Montreal, 
 Baltimore and Oxford. Interest and enthusiasm seemed to 
 bubble out of him, and we all soon felt the electrifying effect of his 
 personality. Shortly after his arrival we took him for a walk over 
 the hills to a point of vantage, commanding the entire hospital 
 area of Dannes-Camiers. From it could be seen the four or five 
 hospitals grouped in the valley below. Conspicuous among these, 
 because of the variegated colors of the large Durbar tents obtained 
 from India, was our own hospital. Osler immediately suggested 
 that some good artist should be induced to paint the scene. I 
 fear this happy idea was never followed up. 
 
 At mess that night he was the life of the party and had a 
 cheery word for every one from the colonel to the Junior quarter- 
 master, his son Revere Osler. 
 
 Next day after a formal inspection of the hospital with Colonel 
 Birkett, he was handed over to Lieut.-Colonel John McCrae and 
 the writer, who escorted him about the medical wards. All the 
 interesting and obscure cases were shown him as in the old days in 
 Baltimore, and as of yore we received his simple, concise and in- 
 valuable advice, and the patient, the cheery smile and word of 
 encouragement. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 420 Ostmr’s Visir To Can. Gen. Hospitat No. 3—Howarp 
 
 Though interested particularly at the time in arteriovenous 
 aneurysms, patients with trench fever, war-nephritis, para- 
 typhoid fever and D. A. H. were examined by him with his usual 
 uncanny insight. One case of haemo-pneumo-pericardium, | 
 remember showing him with great pride, and I shall never forget 
 my relief when he confirmed my diagnosis, which had been ques- 
 tioned by a lieutenant-colonel from another hospital. 
 
 Having exhausted all our interesting cases, he paid visits 
 to the other hospitals in our district, amongst others that officered 
 by the first Harvard unit, which was our next door neighbour. 
 
 One afternoon the nursing sisters gave a tea in his honor 
 and were kept on tenter-hooks, though in peals of laughter, by 
 his numerous sallies and kindly personalities with which he loved 
 to tease the nurse in military as well as in civil life. 
 
 Perhaps my happiest memory of the visit of the Chief (as I 
 still prefer to call him) is that of a delightful excursion to the 
 little estaminet at Hardelot with Revere Osler, his son, Bill 
 Francis, his nephew, and the writer, a former assistant in Balti- 
 more. Of course he knew more of the historical background of 
 the “Field of the Cloth of Gold” the site of which lay close by, 
 than any of us, and he chatted in his usual informal manner about 
 the meeting of Francis I of France and Henry VIII of England 
 on that occasion. 
 
 I know his visit was saddened by the decision of his son 
 Revere to be transferred from the C. A. M. C. to the combatant 
 branch of the imperial service, which was successfully accomplished 
 shortly afterwards. 
 
 After visits to other places of interest at the base and at the 
 front, he left us on September 15th to return to his manifold 
 official duties and countless social responsibilities in England. 
 His visit was most appreciated by all of us and left every officer, 
 nursing sister and man, inspired to try and “carry on” as he would 
 have done himself. 
 
 
 
 es rie ¢ 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 ey, 
 
 Sr WILLIAM OsLER: Last Days—ApAmI 421 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER: THE LAST DAYS 
 J. GrorcE Apami, M.D., LL.D. 
 Liverpool 
 
 ROM one end of America to the other there will be those 
 deeply attached to Osler—‘‘our Osler’—who hunger to 
 possess a fuller and more personal knowledge of the illness that 
 took him from among us, and of the solemnly beautiful last service 
 at Oxford on New Year’s Day, 1920. 
 
 Most touching at Christ Church was the Psalm, “ Lord, Thou 
 hast been our refuge.”’ Clear and yet subdued the balanced voices 
 of the choir led the congregation that filled the narrow Norman 
 nave, transepts, and chancel of the Cathedral and poured over 
 into the side aisles. It was in July that we had joined in cele- 
 brating Sir William’s seventieth birthday, and now—‘ We bring 
 our years to an end, as zt were a tale that is told. The days of our 
 age are threescore years and ten, and though men be so strong that 
 they come to fourscore years, yet is their strength then but labour and 
 sorrow; so soon passeth it away and we are gone.”’ 
 
 Could we in truth hold this to-day, when healthier conditions 
 have added so materially to the expectation of life? As we sang 
 it, I looked across the chancel at his ‘‘ brother Regius,’’ who had 
 travelled from Cambridge to pay the last respects to the friend 
 of so many years. The fine face of Sir Clifford Allbutt stood out 
 like chiselled marble against the darker background. Bowed it 
 was with age and with emotion, and I could not but think of all 
 that he, now well over fourscore, had accomplished during this 
 decade. What might not Sir William have brought to pass in 
 another decade? I recalled that address, perfect in the delicacy 
 of its feeling, with which, in the name of all of us, Allbutt made the 
 presentation to Osler at the Royal Society of Medicine in July; 
 those notable volumes on Arterio-sclerosis, with their maturity 
 of judgment and felicity of language, published just before the 
 War; and with that, by association of ideas, I recalled Osler’s 
 own favourite estimate of a man’s age, not by years, but by the 
 state of his arteries. 
 
 At seventy, Sir William was still in the thought of all of us 
 in the prime of life. He came of a Jong-lived stock, and long life 
 is pre-eminently an inherited possession. There were no signs of 
 
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 422 Str WILLIAM OsLEeR: Last Days—Apamr 
 
 arterial degeneration. We still endowed him with that extra- 
 ordinary vitality which had been his ever since we first knew him. 
 It is true that from the beginning of the last lingering illness he 
 believed that the end was near. We who thought we knew him 
 could not share that belief. We did not, or could not, read the 
 writing on the wall. Yet looking backwards now, we realize 
 that for the last eighteen months he had more than once suc- 
 ecumbed to minor ailments which in the old days would have been 
 thrown off with ease. There comes to mind the dinner which, 
 in the warmth of his heart (who else would have thought of it?) 
 he gave that last spring at the Athenzum in honour of the newly- 
 appointed Professor of Medicine at Toronto, that he might intro- 
 duce Duncan Graham to his fellow Professors of Medicine in 
 Great Britain, the dinner that became as the play of Hamlet 
 without the Prince, owing to the enforced absence of the host 
 through illness. Almost we may date the beginning of the end 
 from the day on which he attained to the allotted span of life. 
 It was on the eve of that day that Clifford Allbutt had made 
 the presentation, and Osler had been profoundly affected. Re- 
 turning to Oxford, on the birthday itself he took to his bed with 
 a feverish cold, but the annual holiday which he took in Jersey 
 appeared to restore the old vigour. He regained weight, bathed 
 daily, and returned greatly benefitted. At the end of Septem- 
 ber, he was called up to Glasgow, and took occasion to journey 
 over to Edinburgh to visit colleagues there. His return journey 
 was arrested at Newcastle by the great railway strike. Unvwill- 
 ing to be detained, he eventually secured a car and motored thence 
 to Oxford. The journey took two days in cold and cheerless 
 weather, and there resulted an acute but irregular form of broncho- 
 pneumonia accompanied by great depression. Nevertheless, even 
 in the early active stage, the physical signs and general condition 
 did not seem to those in attendance to be as serious as he himsell 
 regarded them. 
 We who thought we knew him intimately were more sanguile 
 than those further removed. Walking with Sherrington after 
 the service, I heard from him the story of the old janitor at the 
 physiological laboratory: ‘No, sir, I don’t think Sir William 
 will get better. You see, sir, it is like this: you know how Sir 
 
 William, mostly on his way down to the hospital of a morning, 
 t. Well, in 
 
 
 
 
 
Ny 
 
 Sik WILLIAM OsLER: Last Days—Apamt 423 
 
 the old days, coming in, and likewise going out, he had always a 
 word forme. You know his style, sir, like giving a man a cheery 
 dig in the ribs. But now these Jast months I have noticed him 
 greeting you quite merry-like; but in between whiles his face 
 has been grave as though he had something heavy on his mind, 
 and he has walked in and out without once noticing me. It is 
 Mr. Revere, sir, and Sir William won’t get better. ”’ 
 
 That old janitor had made the correct prognosis: he had ob- 
 served more than did those of us who thought ourselves the chil- 
 dren of light. Those who came to know Revere Osler in 1915 
 and 1916, at No. 3 Canadian General Hospital, will understand 
 what that only son was to his father, and can imagine what his 
 death at the front meant to him. Yet, Sir William’s legend ran 
 like the sun-dial’s, ‘Non numero horas nisi serenas,’’ or better, 
 in his own words, ‘‘ #quanimitas.”’ He had made it his rule in 
 life to receive with equal mind the gifts and the stripes of fortune; 
 and now not even those nearest to him should see how deep was 
 the wound. He went about the day’s work as before; showed the 
 same keen interest in his friends and the profession: wrote to those 
 friends the same abundant and characteristic brief notes of ap- 
 preciation and encouragement; busied himself over his beloved 
 library, adding to its treasures, elaborating the great catalogue 
 raisonnée, and drawing out the conditions of his noble gift to the 
 Medical Faculty of McGill University. He made his rounds at 
 the Radcliffe with the same quizzical greeting and banter to pa- 
 tients, nurses, and colleagues. The memorable Sunday after- 
 noons at Norham Gardens continued with scarce a break. The 
 younger members of the profession, graduate and undergraduate, 
 along with all Canadians and Americans who happened to be in 
 Oxford, received the same warm welcome. Nor in all these atten- 
 tions to his friends did he for one moment lack the whole-souled 
 support of Lady Osler. Particularly during the last year did he 
 have at heart the Fellowship of Medicine and the bringing to- 
 gether of the profession on the two sides of the Atlantic. 
 
 It was very wonderful. But the strain was too great. It 
 would have saved him had he with Saul called out aloud in his 
 grief. As it was, the hair that had been so raven black became 
 greyed, and the face became lined; and acute observers, like the 
 old janitor, saw the finer and surer evidences. Thus it was that 
 through October, November, and December, he could not throw 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 424 Sr WitiiaM Oster: Last Days—Apami 
 
 off the illness. There was evidently delayed resolution, with a 
 development of local empyema, and what is more, of multiple 
 abscesses in the base of the lung. Pus was drawn off, and a few 
 days before the end resection of a rib and removal of more pus 
 appeared to arrest the process and bring down and steady the 
 temperature. He was very weak, but appeared to have turned 
 the corner, when on the last Sunday in the old year the rupture of 
 one of the abscesses was followed by haemorrhage into the pleural 
 cavity, and with that came the end. 
 
 So passed into history, untimely, even although he had at- 
 tained unto the allotted span, “‘the greatest physician of history.”* 
 I confess that this characterization arrested me when I read it. 
 We are not accustomed to measure up our friends against the 
 
 giants that have been. And above all it is as a friend that during ~ 
 
 his life-time we regarded Osler; as one who possessed the genius 
 of friendship to a greater degree than’ anyone of our generation. 
 It was his wonderful interest in all of us that was the outstanding 
 feature. Above all others the angel might write him as one who 
 loved his fellow-men, placing him foremost among those whom 
 God had blessed. It was from his humanity, his extraordinary 
 interest in his fellows, that all his other powers seemed to flow. 
 On thinking over those other powers, while we admit freely that 
 there have been greater medical men—Harvey, for example, 
 Vesalius, John Hunter, Claude Bernard, Lister, yet when we 
 pass in review the great physicians, those who by their lives, their 
 practice, their teaching, and their writings, have exercised the 
 greatest influence over the greatest number of their fellows, 
 putting together all those powers which make the complete physi- 
 cian, Osler must be awarded the first place. Hippocrates, while 
 farthest away, perhaps comes nearest, yet he is largely mythical; 
 Galen, high as were his aspirations, had but limited knowledge 
 and could not escape from the trammels of tradition; Boerhaave, 
 great as a teacher and clinician, was also under the trammels of 
 authority, and in his writings did not advance his subject; Syden- 
 ham was a clinician of notable powers of observation and inde- 
 pendence, but was no teacher and incapable of founding a school. 
 Think of those years at Johns Hopkins, when Osler revolution: 
 ized the teaching of medicine and of clinical medicine in a cour 
 munity of seventy millions. Think of the influence wielded by 
 
 * Colonel F. E. Fremantle in a letter to the Times of January 2nd, 1920. 
 
 a ee ee 
 
 
 
ED | 
 
 Sirk WILLIAM OsLEeR: LAst Days—ADAMI 425 
 
 his textbook, not merely among English-speaking people, but the 
 world over, even to China and Japan. There is no physician who 
 during his lifetime has had so profound an influence upon so great 
 a number: no one individual who has done so much to advance the 
 practice of scientific medicine, no one whose personal intimacy with 
 his fellows in the profession has covered so wide an area—Canada, 
 the United States, Great and Greater Britain and the leaders in 
 medicine the world over: no one, in short, who has combined in 
 the same degree the study, practice, and teaching—the science 
 and the art of medicine. 
 
 Christ Church, by its very foundation, is linked uniquely 
 with the outer world. The Cathedral of Oxford is within its 
 precincts and serves at the same time as the College Chapel. The 
 Dean, as such, is Master of the College. Thereby, from the days 
 of Cardinal Wolsey onwards, Christ Church has not been a self- 
 centred community, but has served the city and the country 
 round. It was fitting that, with his appointment as Regius Pro- 
 fessor of Medicine under the statute which to-day calls upon the 
 Colleges to contribute to the needs of the University by ap- 
 pointing one or more University Professors to Fellowships with 
 the emoluments of the same (they call them ‘‘Studentships” at 
 Christ Church), Osler became attached to Christ Church. Thus 
 it was fitting that the last services should be held in the old 
 Cathedral, full of history, that served not the college only, but 
 the university and the city and the larger world. 
 
 With its pale yellow stone an appearance of incomplete- 
 ness brought about by the arcading round the walls, which indi- 
 cates where the cloisters ought to be but are not, ‘Tom Quad,”’ 
 the great court of Christ Church, looked strangely desolate and 
 sad in the thin light of a vacation winter afternoon. One crossed 
 it and passed through inconspicuous doorways into the noble old 
 Cathedral. At first gradually, and then rapidly, the Cathedral 
 became filled. One after another well-known figures took their 
 assigned places, doctors and dons in their black silk robes, and 
 those not of Oxford who had come from all over the country; the 
 proportion of women in mourning was notable. In the chancel 
 were seated the Vice-Chancellor of the University (the President 
 of Trinity) with the senior and junior Proctors, and representa- 
 tives of the many bodies in which Osler was interested. 
 
 There one recognized the President of the Royal College of 
 
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 426 Str Wiui1aAM Oster: Last Days—Apami 
 
 Physicians (Sir Norman Moore), historian of St. Bartholomew's 
 
 Hospital, and Dr. Ormerod, the Treasurer of the Royal College 
 
 of Physicians, who shared Osler’s fondness for the old classical 
 
 writers, Sir George Makins (President of the Royal College of 
 
 Surgeons), Sir Clifford Allbutt from Cambridge, and with him 
 
 Dr. G. H. F. Nuttall, an old colleague of Sir William’s at Johns 
 
 Hopkins and now a Cambridge professor; Sir Humphry Rolleston 
 
 (President of the Royal Society of Medicine); and Sir D’Arey 
 
 Power (representing the section of the History of Medicine of 
 
 that Society); Sir W. M. Fletcher (representing the Medical Re- 
 
 search Committee); Colonel D. Harvey (representing the Director 
 General of the Army Medical Service; Professor Gilbert Murray 
 
 representing the Classical Association) with his wife, Lady Mary 
 
 Murray; Dr. W. Collier, Osler’s colleague in Oxford (representing 
 the British Medical Association); Mr. A. W. Pollard, of the British 
 
 Museum; Professor C. J. Martin (representing the Lister Insti- 
 
 tute); the Rev. G. B. Cronshaw (representing the Radeliffe In- 
 firmary); Professor Elliott (representing the Oxford Eye Hos- 
 pital); and many others representing such bodies as The Re- 
 search Defence Society, The London School of Medicine for 
 Women, The Ashmolean Natural History Society, University 
 College, London. The University of Edinburgh was represented 
 by Professor J. Arthur Thomson; that of London by Professor 
 Sir W. M. Bayliss. 
 
 Of those recalling Osler’s association with the United States 
 besides Dr. Nuttall there were Dr. G. E. MacLean (late President 
 of the University of Iowa, now head of the American University 
 Union in Europe, British Division), Viscount and Viscountess 
 Harcourt, Dr. E. J. Wood (representing the Association of Ameri- 
 can Physicians); and Professor Pearce (representing the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania). Osler’s Canadian associations were 
 represented more particularly by Sir George Perley (on the part 
 of the Government of the Dominion); as regards Toronto by 
 Professor and Mrs. Ramsay Wright, now resident in Oxford, by 
 Lieut-Colonel Donald Armour, the surgeon, and Lieut-Colonel 
 Badgerow. McGill University was represented by two among 
 the mourners who had been in close attendance upon Sir William, 
 namely, Major W. W. Francis, his nephew, and Dr. Archibald 
 Malloch; Colonel Chisholm (representing the C.A.M.C.), Dr. 
 C. G. L. Wolf (now lecturer at Cambridge University); and, 
 
 
 
CN 
 
 Sir WILLIAM OsLeR: Last Days—ADAMI 427 
 
 perhaps above all, by Lady Strathcona, daughter of the late 
 Chancellor of the University and daughter-in-law of the old Dean 
 of Medicine to whom Osler owed so much,* who with the excep- 
 tion of his brother, Mr. Frank Osler, had known Sir William for a 
 longer period than anyone there present. Other Canadian friends 
 were Sir G. L. Parkin (of the Rhodes Scholarship Trust) Mr. 
 Donald Macmaster, M.P., and Colonel Dixon, C.A.M.C. Even 
 Skagway, Alaska, was represented (by Dr. Gabie). 
 
 Old and intimate friends of Sir William’s were Sir William 
 Hale-White, Sir Archibald Garrod, Sir William Church, Sir 
 Frederick Treves, Sir Charles Ballance. These formed but a few 
 of the great congregation. 
 
 As the time drew nigh, the Mayor and members of the 
 Corporation appeared, preceded by the City Mace wreathed in 
 erépe; and then, after an interval of waiting, the western doors 
 were opened letting in the winter sunshine, and the coffin, covered 
 by a pall and a single wreath of lilies, was borne up the main aisle 
 followed by the mourners. It was brought to rest under the 
 great tower at the intersection of the nave and choir. The 
 mourners were grouped to the right, extending into the north 
 transept; the choir and the main group of Professors and Uni- 
 versity graduates to the left, filling up the south transept. It was 
 a brief but very beautiful service, the Dean of Christ Church 
 officiating. Two hymns were sung: ‘‘O God our Help in Ages 
 Past,’’ chosen by Lady Osler; the other, Sir William’s favourite, 
 which Dr. Francis tells me he often asked to have sung to him in 
 his last illness, namely the beautiful twelfth century Latin hymn 
 of the great Peter Abelard, beautiful alike for its words and for 
 the melody, and full of that spring-like cheeriness which is so 
 characteristic of the Twelfth Century Renaissance. The English 
 translation, by J. H. Neale, is well-known, and is to be found in 
 all hymn books, namely, ‘‘O what the joy and the glory must be.” 
 The original Latin version is given in the hymn-books of Christ 
 Church, and I reproduce it here: 
 
 O QUANTA QUALIA 
 
 O quanta qualia sunt illa sabbata, 
 
 Quae semper celebrat superna cura, 
 Quae fessis requies, quae merces fortibus, 
 Cum erit omnia Deus in omnibus! 
 
 ee 
 
 * The late Dr. R. P. Howard. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 498 Smr WILLIAM OsLER: Last Days—Apamr 
 
 Quis rex, quae curia, quale palatium, 
 
 Quae pax, quae requies, quod illud gaudium! 
 Hujus participes exponant gloriae, 
 
 Si, quantum sentiunt, possint exprimere. 
 
 Vere Jerusalem illic est civitas, 
 
 Cujus pax jugis est summa jucunditas, 
 Ubi non praeventt rem desiderium, 
 Nec desiderio minus est praemium. 
 
 Illic ex sabbato succedit sabbatum, 
 Perpes laetitia sabbatizantium, 
 Nec ineffabiles cessabunt jubili, 
 Quos decantabimus et nos et angeli. 
 
 Nostrum est interim mentem erigere 
 Et totis patriam votis appetere, 
 
 Et ad Jerusalem a Babylonia 
 
 Post longa regredi tandem exilia. 
 
 Perenni Domino perpes sit gloria, 
 
 Ex quo sunt, per quem sunt, in quo sunt omnia; 
 Ex quo sunt, Pater est, per quem sunt, Filius, 
 In quo sunt Patris et Frlit Spiritus. 
 
 Then, with the benediction, the congregation dispersed, 
 leaving all that was mortal of the great physician at rest for the 
 night in the Lady Chapel, by the grave of his old friend, Burton 
 of ‘The Anatomy of Melancholy.”’ 
 
 The next morning, his remains were conveyed to London 
 to the crematorium, where Lady Osler and her sister Mrs. Chapin, 
 Mr. Frank Osler, Dr. W. Francis, and Dr. Malloch were alone 
 present at the Committal Service. , 
 
 By the time this appears in print, it will be known by all 
 that, in accordance with his expressed desire and as a last gift, 
 Sir William’s ashes are to be conveyed to Montreal, there to be 
 deposited in the midst of his books in the Medical College of his 
 student days, in which he held his first Chair, and which, to the 
 end, retained his deep affection. In that collection is concen- 
 trated the whole history of medical progress. There is nowhere 
 so choice and well-selected a corpus of medical literature. Noble 
 in itself, the gift is doubly ennobled by having associated with it 
 all that is mortal of the great physician, whose remains, after all 
 his wanderings, are to come thus to rest in the country of his 
 birth. McGill is to become his shrine; and for generations to 
 come, those who love medicine and its history will find their 
 inspiration in that room, where, surrounded by the books he loved 
 so well, repose the ashes of William Osler. 
 
 
 
~~ 
 
 Oxi 
 
 The 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 
 
 O say not he is dead; what messenger 
 
 Could circle round the world so dark a tale, 
 
 Knowing there is no rending of the veil 
 Dropped between those that are and those that were’ 
 
 Can he be dead, the dear philosopher, 
 
 Master and friend and pillar of the frail, 
 
 The true knight seeking ever for the grail, 
 The great soul, of great souls the interpreter? 
 His torch was lighted at the infinite 
 
 If men could lose 
 
 And steadfast will remain. 
 
 The genius of his work, if Time could dim 
 
 i 
 oo 
 
 The vision pure that ever sought the light, 
 
 If death could kill the spirit and refuse 
 
 Immortal life 
 
 then might we weep for him. 
 
 MARIAN OSBORNE. 
 
 
 
 429 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 430 DEATH OF Sir WILLIAM OsLER—BrRown 
 
 DEATH OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 T. R. Brown 
 Baltimore 
 
 INCE the appearance of the last number of this Journal*, 
 news has come of the death, on December 29th, of Sir Wil- 
 liam Osler, Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford University, 
 His life was such a full one that it is obviously impossible to give 
 here even a brief outline of his many activities and achievements. 
 But in these days, when, after a war of surpassing horror following 
 an age of brutal materialism, we see or perhaps feel rather than 
 see, the first faint movements of a new idealism, one must call 
 attention, albeit in a few words, to what Dr. Osler stood for, for 
 what he strove, what doctrines he preached, what help he gave and 
 what he accomplished in bringing Medicine into its larger and more 
 ideal field so that it is becoming in fact, as well as in name, a real 
 science and a true art. 
 
 To few, if any, physicians have come so many opportunities 
 in so many spheres of usefulness; by no one have such opportunities 
 been so well embraced. In the world of affairs, to every question 
 he brought profound knowledge and great judgment, while in the 
 world of men no one lived more closely by the Golden Rule in 
 example, in word and in deed; to,the weak he brought strength, 
 to the discouraged hope, to the blind clearer vision, and to those 
 in trouble, help and comfort and peace. By his death the world 
 of medicine and of men has suffered an irreparable loss. The stu- 
 dent has lost a friend who, however heavily weighted down with 
 years and with honours, looked at life with the eyes of youth; the 
 elder physician, a wise councillor and ‘ever present help in time 
 of trouble”; the world of letters a writer whose essays and lay 
 sermons will find a real place in our permanent literature; the 
 medical fraternity a great teacher and a constant inspiration ; 
 the public a great physician who always gave the best that was 
 in him without stint, and the world a great man who, when so 
 many about him were “lead and lath and tale,” was himself 
 always ‘‘steel and pine and crystal.” 
 
 * Extracted by permission from the Bulletin of the League of Red Cross 
 Societies-No. 17, Vol. 1, February, 1920. 
 
 
 
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 WituiaM OSLER, CLINICIAN-TEACHER—ROBERTS 431 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER, CLINICIAN-TEACHER* 
 
 STEWART R. Roperts, M.D. 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 It is well to cherish the times and places of the most finished 
 clinician, the most persuasive teacher, and the most pleasing 
 personality that this Western world has given to our profession. 
 His birth and education and early teaching were in the Dominion 
 of Canada. The labor and service of his prime were in two cities 
 and centers of medicine in this Republic. His statelier fame came 
 at the seat of the far-ranged Empire, where he dwelt among his 
 peers. There he worked full in the face of the Western sun, 
 met the mellow three score years and ten, received the plaudits of 
 his fellows, saw the gleam of the evening star, and heard the one 
 clear call. His going was probably hastened by the battle field 
 death of a mere youth and only son, who for a short while held 
 high the torch while the poppies were growing in Flanders fields. 
 As a certain poet sang of a soldier so we may say of Osler, ‘‘ And 
 glory was the least of the things that followed this man home.” 
 
 The study of the combination of qualities that makes a great 
 clinician is interesting. Man unwell is the problem of clinica! 
 medicine, the clinician is the artist, and clinistry the science and 
 the art. It is a science of fact and probability and an art of tact 
 and experience. Here ‘‘was a wise man and the chief of his art.” 
 He based his clinical knowledge on the solid foundation of morbid 
 anatomy, and his daily rounds were from patient to laboratory to 
 library. His true kingdom was a clinical kingdom, the kingdom 
 of the bedside. He accented the patient as the real source of our 
 knowledge. He believed in the study of the patient, in the ex- 
 amination of the patient, in the treatment of the patient. His- 
 tories were precious masses of experience to be filed for reference. 
 A diagnosis was something more than a reaction in a test tube, a 
 microscopical view of a preparation, a reading of a scale, an 
 interpretation of a tracing or a switch of amperes on a photo- 
 graphic plate. He was a constant devotee of the laboratory, but 
 he considered it a clinical aid rather than a clinical finale. He 
 
 
 
 *Oration on Medicine, Southern Medical Association, Seventeenth Annual 
 Meeting, Washington, D. C., Nov. 12-15, 1923.—Republished from Southern 
 Medical Journal, January, 1924. 
 
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 432 WILLIAM OSLER, CLINICIAN-TEACHER—RopERts 
 
 steered midway between a flagrant empiricism and generous use 
 of drugs on the one hand, and a therapeutic nihilism on the other. 
 He would use anything that seemed of promise to the patient, 
 though he “was never disposed to use a drag-net in medicine.” 
 Patients whose physician was without books and journals and 
 medical associations were a chartless sea, and all these without 
 patients were no sea at all. 
 
 He came into the sick room or ward with a quick and easy step, 
 a smile and all good humor. At another time, as occasion required, 
 there was a silent seriousness and a deliberate meditation. 
 He was always slow to give his opinion until he was 
 sure, and then he gave it in a few words. Always he aroused 
 confidence and the feeling that if left to him, all would be well. 
 His very presence in the sick room was a lesson in clinical faith 
 and an unconscious psychotherapy. He brought to the bedside 
 the poise of equanimity and a cosmopolitan training, a neatness, 
 a polish, an address, and withal that fair and courteous grace 
 which we call good breeding. There were inborn gifts of heart 
 and head, both of which are equally demanded by the practice of 
 
 medicine, which brought him before great men and led him to the 
 
 seats of the mighty. He took careful notes and his memory of 
 cases and patients was remarkable. Work, simplicity and thor- 
 oughness were his clear duty with each patient. He was always 
 just himself without clinical pomp or therapeutic pretense. 
 
 His clinical axioms are proverbs: ‘‘Get the patient in a good 
 light. Use your five senses. We miss more by not seeing than 
 we do by not knowing. Always examine the back. Observe, 
 record, tabulate, communicate.”’ When you have made an obser- 
 vation of value or reached a conclusion concerning the unusual, 
 publish it. Avoid carrying unpublished knowledge to the grave. 
 The three great foes of the physician are “ignorance, which is sin; 
 apathy, which is the world; and vice, which is the devil.” He 
 admonished us to be wise with the foolish, strong with the weak, 
 and righteous with the wicked. 
 
 Man kept well is the problem of preventive medicine. The 
 modern public health expert is an emissary of the more abundant 
 life on earth. Osler the clinician threw the weight of his time, 
 energy and influence to preventive medicine. His work for public 
 health offers material for a long paper. The thirteenth essay 
 “ Equanimitas,” Medicine in the Nineteenth Century, will make 
 
 
 
 ee 
 
 
 
NES, 
 
 Wiiu1amM OSLER, CLINICIAN-TEACHER—ROBERTS 433 
 
 us all helpers of the public health, for in a sense we are all keepers 
 of our brother’s health. Jeremiah the prophet wrote of ‘‘a time 
 of health.”’ 
 
 The son of a minister, he came of a family with the trick of 
 supremacy in the blood. After four years in college, four years 
 in the medical school and two years in Europe, he began to teach 
 at the age of twenty-five. He taught clinical medicine for forty- 
 five years: nine years at McGill, five at the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania, sixteen at Johns Hopkins, and fourteen at Oxford. 
 Through all these years his virile mind literally covered the 
 literature of man. He was a mature student who read and re- 
 membered all his days, for “studies serve for delight, for ornament, 
 and for ability.” He taught by the spoken word and the in- 
 spiration of his presence. He taught in wisdom by the printed 
 page that brought him ‘‘mind to mind” all over the world “in 
 promoting sound knowledge;”’ he taught by his own life, for he 
 “always valued the message of the life”? above the message of the 
 tongue or pen. Apart from his own life, his greatest contribution 
 to medicine is the life of his students, Canadian, American and 
 English, and through them to the uttermost parts of the earth. 
 To them he emphasized the ideal of living for the day and the day’s 
 work and taking no thought for the morrow. 
 
 He brought his vast storehouse of knowledge and experience 
 to every case and class and problem. He was to his students, to 
 quote one of them, ‘‘our cloud by day, our pillar of fire by night.” 
 He himself ‘was but a student of health and disease, of men and 
 morals, who was always teaching some new lesson of medicine or 
 of living.” He made plain the way of clinical medicine and 
 accented the common diseases of which the common people 
 suffered. His words were simple, his sentences short, his illustra- 
 tions apt, and he seemed never at a loss for a reference, a quotation 
 or a happy turn. May we not learn from him that the time has 
 come for a rebirth of clinical medicine and a rediscovery of the 
 patient, for truly the art of medicine is the heart of medicine. 
 May we hope that the day is near when all his living students, 
 both of class and page, may unite into an Osler memorial for the 
 promotion of medicine and the fraternity of medicine among all 
 the English-speaking people of the earth, and a foundation that 
 would do him honor. We need to cement through his memory all 
 English-speaking medicine. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 434 Witi1aM Oster, CLINIcIAN-l EACHER—ROBERTS 
 
 He believed that the master word of medicine is work, and 
 nowhere is this better illustrated than in his writings. Many 
 medical men of splendid training deprive the profession of their 
 knowledge and experience because they never write. One may 
 live on the printed page as well as in one’s children or on a monu- 
 ment. The only way for the average man to learn how to write 
 is to write. During his life he wrote more than twelve 
 hundred separate papers. His text book, used everywhere and 
 translated into other languages, is as much a classic as a text 
 book and is in its ninth edition. His “‘Modern Medicine” is in 
 seven volumes and has had two editions. There are several 
 monographs with the titles of ‘Angina Pectoris,” “Chorea,” 
 ‘Abdominal Tumors,” and “The Evolution of Modern Medi- 
 cine.” The twenty-two essays in “ Aquanimitas” will const tute 
 probably in time to come the most lasting of all his writings, 
 and in power for good outdo the ‘‘Religio Medici” of his be- 
 loved Sir Thomas Browne: Every medical student should read 
 it before graduation and then reread it in his medical life, and all 
 of us should try to live it. 
 
 It is difficult to delineate a personality. Perhaps only Plato 
 with Socrates, Plutarch with his Ancients, the Four Apostles with 
 their Gospels, Shakespeare with the human nature of us all, and 
 John Bunyan with the dream of his Pilgrim, have really succeeded. 
 And then I never saw him, as young Henry Gray wrote in his 
 “Anatomy,” in the recent state. Somehow my younger, sunnier 
 path never crossed his older, wider way. But I know he was 
 teacher, friend and fellow student to every man who passed on the 
 road to life and knowledge. He willed to us, his brethren, his 
 chief virtue, which is charity, and the children of charity, which are 
 unity, peace and concord. ‘The life agreeth with the fame” and 
 of such is the ideal physician of the modern time, if not of all time. 
 I know he has always been the wise friend of my clinical life, the 
 unseen consultant with my patients, the Abou Ben Adhem of my 
 spirit. I know that those who walked with him do but quicken 
 and grow tender at the thought of him, and his impress is upon 
 them all. I know he prayed to medicine a myriad prayer, gave 
 to life a greater art, and made us wish a nobler part. I know that 
 at his touch medicine 
 
 “But doth suffer a sea-change 
 Into something rich and strange.’ 
 
 
 
 
 
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ES, 
 
 OSLER ALS VERKUNDER INTERNAT. Mrpizin—ASCHOFF 435 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER ALS VERKUNDER DER 
 INTERNATIONALEN MEDIZIN* 
 
 J. Lupwic ASCHOFF 
 
 Freiburg, Deutschland 
 
 8 E Aufforderung der Herausgeberin, einen Beitrag zu 
 diesem Erinnerungsband an William Osler zu liefern, er- 
 reichte mich erst auf meiner Heimreise nach Deutchland. 
 Wahrend ich,—losgelést von allen Bezvehungen zur wis- 
 senschaftlichen Welt,—wie ein Einsamer den Ozean durchquere, 
 nichts anderes als Wasser um mich und den Himmel iiber mir, 
 denke ich zuriick an die Tage und Stunden, in denen ich mit 
 Osler zusammen sein durfte; denke ich an den gesamten Ein- 
 druck, den diese Persénlichkeit auf mich gemacht hat. Mit zwei 
 Worten ist es gesagt: den Eindruck weitumfassenden Wissens 
 und den Eindruck grenzenloser Giite. Wer die Geschichte 
 der Medizin kennt, weiss wie selten die Persénlichkeiten 
 sind, in denen sich der Forscher und der Mensch zum har- 
 monischen Bilde des wirklich grossen Arztes vereinen. Gerade 
 die moderne Medizin mit ihrem fast unnatirlichen Hang zur 
 Spezialisirung, mit threr fast unheimlichen Vielsertigkert 
 der Technik braucht noch mehr wie in friiheren Zeiten solche 
 Vorbilder, in denen sich unser Wissen und unsere Kunst 
 auf dem Hintergrund einer besonderen Anlage des Gemiits 
 im Arzt verkérpert. Seit Hippocrates hat die Medizin aller 
 Volker einzelne solcher Vorbilder aus sich hervorgehen lassen. 
 Ihre Gestalien ragen iiber die Jahrhunderte und thre Wir- 
 kungen messen sich an Generationen. 
 In die Reihe dieser grossen Aerate wird fiir alle Zeiten 
 Sir William Osler gestellt werden. Der anglo-amerikanische 
 Kulturkreis kann stolz sein auf diesen seinen Sohn. Ich 
 brauche die Universalitat des medizinischen Wissens, tiber 
 * Received for publication June, 1924. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 436 OSLER ALS VERKUNDER INVERNAT. MeEDIZzIN—Ascyorp 
 
 
 
 welche William Osler verfiigte, nicht zu schildern. Wer seinen 
 Lebenslauf genauer verfolgt hat, der weiss wie eingehend 
 Osler die theoretischen Fdcher studirt hat, die seiner Zeit die 
 Grundlage der klinischpraktischen T atigkett bildeten. Noch heute 
 hiitet das pathologische anatomische Museum der McGill Uni- 
 versitat als einen besondern Schatz die Praparate, die Osler als 
 Prosektor des Hospitals nicht nur gesammelt, sondern auch sorg- 
 faltig beschrieben hat. Was aber jeden erstaunen musste, der mit 
 Osler persénlich zusammen kam, das war seine besondere 
 Gabe, auch auf den dem Kliniker ferner lvegenden Gebieten, 
 das Wichtige vom Unwichtigen unterscheiden zu kénnen. 
 Das war das Ergebniss seiner umfassenden Schulung, seiner 
 Universalitaét. Als ich die Freude hatte William Osler als meinen 
 Gast in Marburg bet mir zu sehen, war seine genaue Orient- 
 trung tiber die Probleme, welche in dem neuentdeckten Reiz- 
 bildungs und Reizleitungssystem des Herzens steckten, fir 
 mich das Ueberraschendste. Man fiihlte sofort, dass her ein 
 Kliniker sprach, der nicht nur funktionell, sondern auch mor- 
 phologisch zu denken verstand. Das zeigte sich auch bet allen 
 andern Gespriichen. Nur wenige Menschen besitzen diese 
 Gabe gliicklicher Synthese beider Vorstellungensarten. Seime 
 Universalitiit spiegelt sich auch wieder in den von thm geleiteten 
 Handbiichern, in seinem Lehrbuch, in seinen zahilosen, alle 
 Seiten der Medizin umfassenden Publikationen, in sewer 
 grossen Hochachtung vor der Geschichte der Medizin. 
 
 Ebenso tief war der Eindruck, den man von der mensch- 
 lichen Seite William Osler’s empfing. Es war die Giite, jener be- 
 sondere Ausdruck der Menschlichen Seele, die thr am tiefsten 
 den Stempel des Géttlichen aufdriickt. Von solcher Giite war 
 das Wesen William Osler’s erfilllt. Und jeder empfand sie, 
 der in seiner Néhe kam. Uns selbst war das mehrfach vergonnt. 
 Wieviel mehr musste es auf diejenigen wirken, die taglich mut 
 ihm zusammen sein durften. 
 
 Diese Universalitat des Wissens und diese Giite des Her- 
 
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NES, 
 
 Oster, APOSTLE OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICINE—ASCHOFF 437 
 
 zens machten William Osler auch zu dem berufenen Verkiinder 
 der iibernationalen Werte der Medizin. Ich werde seine Abhand- 
 lung tiber Medizin und Nationalismus nicht vergessen. Ich als 
 Deutscher bekenne mich zu dem Glauben eines William Osler, 
 dass die Medizin, so national sie auch in thren Forschungen 
 geprigt sein mag, in thren Ergebnissen der Kultur und Zivilis- 
 ation aller Vélker zu dienen hat. Ich als Deutscher, der von 
 dem Wert der eignen Wissenschaft durchdrungen bin, 
 huldige den Manen eines William Osler, der einer der 
 grossen Briickenbauer auf dem vibernationalen Gebiete der 
 Medizin war. Er hat hier Werke aufgebaut, die auch der 
 Krieg nicht zerstéren konnte. William Osler gehéri der Med- 
 vzin der Welt. 
 
 Editorial Note. 
 The English translation of the foregoing tribute is as follows: 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER, AN APOSTLE OF 
 INTERNATIONAL MEDICINE 
 
 HE request of the editor to supply a contribution for this memorial 
 volume only reached me on my return voyage to Germany. 
 
 While I—cut off from all associations with the scientific world—like a 
 lonely man, am crossing the ocean, with only the waters around me and 
 the heavens over me*, I look back upon the days and the hours which I 
 was permitted to spend with Osler; I recall the entire impression which 
 his personality made upon me. It may be summed up in two phrases: 
 wide knowledge, and boundless kindness. Whoever follows the history 
 of medicine appreciates the rarity of such personalities, in whom the 
 investigator and the man are united in the harmonious picture of the 
 truly great physician. Modern medicine, especially, with its almost unnat- 
 ural tendency toward specialization, its almost alarming many-sidedness 
 of technique, needs, even more than in former times, such characters, in 
 which medical knowledge and medical art are combined in the physician 
 on the basis of a special refinement of spirit. Since Hippocrates, medicine 
 of all nations has evolved isolated personalities of this kind. Their 
 
 
 
 * Written on the author's return journey from Japan. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 438 OsLER, APOSTLE OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICINE—AscHoFF 
 
 figures tower over the centuries and their influence is measured by gen- 
 erations. 
 
 Within the ranks of these great physicians Sir William Osler will 
 hold a place for all time. The cultural class of the Anglo-American 
 peoples may well be proud of him, its son. I do not need to describe in 
 detail the universality of medical knowledge which William Osler com- 
 manded. Whoever follows his life will know how thoroughly Osler 
 studied those theoretical branches which, during his time, supplied the 
 foundation of practical clinical medicine. Down to the present day the 
 Pathological Museum of McGill University treasures the specimens 
 which Osler collected as Prosector in the Hospital, and which he care- 
 fully described. But what astonished one most in personal association 
 with Osler, was his rare gift of distinguishing the important from the 
 unimportant, even in fields which were outside that of the clinician. 
 This was the result of his broad training, of his universality. When I 
 had the pleasure of entertaining Osler as my guest in Marburg, I was 
 most impressed by his exact orientation in the problems of the, then 
 newly discovered, system of origin and conduction of impulses in the 
 heart. It was at once apparent that a clinician spoke who understood 
 how to think, not only functionally, but also morphologically. This 
 was also evident in his other conversations. Few men possess this gift 
 of happy synthesis of both kinds of conception. Again, his universality 
 is mirrored in the works which he edited, in his own textbook, in his 
 numerous publications dealing with all sides of medicine, in his great 
 esteem for the history of medicine. 
 
 Equally deep was the impression gained from the human side of 
 
 William Osler: It was kindness, that particular expression of the human 
 soul which impresses most deeply upon it the stamp of the divine. Such 
 kindness permeated the character of William Osler. Everyone who 
 approached him felt it. We ourselves have had this experience several 
 times. How much more must it have affected those who came in daily 
 contact with him. ; 
 
 This universality of knowledge and this goodness of heart made 
 William Osler the born prophet of the values of medicine beyond national 
 bounds. I shall never forget his essay on “Medicine and Nationalism.” 
 I, a German, declare my adherence to this, the faith of a William Osler: that 
 medicine, national as it may be in the moulding and coining of its researches, 
 has to serve, by its results, the culture and civilization of all nations. Ia 
 German, deeply convinced of the value of our own culture and science, 
 do reverence to the shades of a William Osler, who was one of the great 
 bridge-builders in the field of medicine beyond all national boundaries. 
 Here he produced works which the war itself could not destroy. William 
 Osler belongs to the medicine of the world! 
 
 
 
 Ee DE Le a ee en ia 
 
 a th a oo 
 
 
 
= 
 
 REMINISCENCE, BALTIMORE AND OXFORD PERIOD—BrRowN 4389 
 
 Addendum 
 
 REMINISCENCE FROM BALTIMORE AND Oxrorp PERIOD 
 
 Some Personal Recollections of Sir William Osler and his Influence on 
 Students of Medicine.* 
 
 LAWRASON Brown, M.D. 
 Saranac Lake, N.Y. 
 
 As an Undergraduate 
 
 FIRST saw Dr. Osler in the spring of 1895. It had been decided that 
 it would be a good thing to set before the senior class of the Johns 
 Hopkins University during its exercises in logic and philosophy the 
 advantages of the various careers open to college graduates. I can recall 
 but two who spoke to us at that time, one, Mr. C. Morton Stewart, a 
 large and successful coffee importer of Baltimore, the president of the 
 Board of Trustees of the Johns Hopkins University and father of a number 
 of sons with whom I had engaged in athletics. The other speaker was a 
 rather small man with a dark complexion, black eyes, black hair (whose 
 retreat had emphasized a striking brow), faultlessly dressed in a dark 
 frock coat, light trousers, a standing collar with flaring points. He 
 walked to the desk with a quick, active step, not uncommon among those 
 with alert minds and taut muscles. I imagine the lasting impression 
 he made upon me was due to the fact that during my college course I had 
 sailed a sea of vagaries as far as preparation for my future career was 
 concerned. First I knocked at the door of the profession of civil engin- 
 eering but, lost among the mazes of higher mathematics and charmed by 
 the experiments of chemistry, I forsook my previous love for chemistry. 
 During my second year of chemistry I began biology, which fascinating 
 pursuit led to study at a marine laboratory at Beaufort, North Carolina, 
 for I was to become a biologist. Here, contact with Professor Brooks, 
 the teacher of one generation of American biologists; with Professor 
 H. V. Wilson of North Carolina, and with Professor E. B. Wilson of 
 Columbia, clearly demonstrated to me that my mind was not sufficiently 
 brilliant to compete with such intellects and I determined to pursue the 
 Muse of Medicine, who I thought was easier won. With this outlook on 
 life and knowing less of medicine than most of my associates, I listened 
 with rapt attention to Dr. Osler’s fifteen minute talk. He pointed out 
 to us in graceful, delightful but forceful language what the career of a 
 physician offered to serious students. He spoke at length of the tremen- 
 dous influence of the family physician; how, knowing the individual 
 from birth, he was often acquainted with his idiosyncrasies and those 
 of his family, so he could advise, caution, restrain, urge, in such a manner 
 that the tenor of life was put on a higher plane and possibilities arose 
 that without his counsel would have remained impossibilities. His 
 influence for good was thus incalculable. I have always associated Dr. 
 James Carey Thomas, a Quaker, a family physician of the old school, a 
 trustee of the Johns Hopkins University, the father of Dr. Harry Thomas 
 
 * Address delivered at the Inaugural Dinner of the Osler Club, Saranac Lake, N.Y., 
 December 9, 1925. 
 
 
 
 
 
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 and a power for good in the community, with this address. Dr. Osler 
 may have mentioned him. Dr. Osler’s forceful manner, his delightful 
 personality, were such that many of us felt the suggestiveness of his speech 
 which made a deep impression upon me. g 
 I next recall him at a meeting of the medical society at the hospital 
 (J. H. H.), held that evening in the medical library. It was my first year 
 in medicine and I had stolen in to listen to a paper on a disease of which 
 I had never heard and whose name, actinomycosis, I could not even pro- 
 nounce, a point that Dr. Osler later laughingly remarked upon. 
 
 The Clinique Intime 
 
 My name unfortunately was at the head of the alphabetical list of 
 the class and when, early in the fall of 1897, I was the first man “up” 
 in the third year clinic I was anything but at my ease. The room was 
 nearly square. On one side, between two doors leading into the dispen- 
 sary, stood a plain deal table with two chairs behind it. Just before it 
 was a rattan couch with the head at the table and the foot extending out 
 into the room. About this we ranged our chairs in a semi-circle, never 
 more than two deep, so that every one had an excellent close view of 
 the patient. It was an intimate clinic. Sharp on the appointed hour 
 the Chief, as every one called Dr. Osler, walked rapidly into the room 
 with a stream of attendants following carrying hat, coat, cane, papers. 
 He consulted for a moment Dr. McCrae, now Professor of Medicine at 
 the Jefferson Medical School and then the fateful moment for me arrived. 
 A patient was brought in, a young lad as I recall, and I was called to the 
 front in fear and trembling, for I knew singularly little medicine even for 
 a medical student. I can clearly remember how easy he made it for me. 
 A microscope stood on a table at the side of the room, and after some 
 questioning of the patient (he had already been examined), I was invited 
 to say what I saw. I recognized a leucocyte containing some pigment 
 granules. ‘In this latitude,” he asked, “what do pigment granules 
 mean?” I did not know and he told us, ‘Malaria, always.” Never 
 afterwards did we forget that a positive blood examination must precede 
 such a diagnosis. 
 
 He met us at these clinics twice a week. Once a month we had a 
 “round up” at which some student would quickly review all the cases 
 of the month. Frequently he would assign to some one of us a topic to 
 be looked up in the library. One instance remains clearly in my mind. 
 A case was presented with a tumour on the wall of his chest. He asked 
 us the possibilities and told what occurred to him. Some weeks later 
 he showed us the specimen, actinomycosis, which had been diagn 
 at the Hebrew Hospital across the way by Dr. John Ruhrah. To 
 Mr. S. fell the task of getting up a five minute talk on actinomycosls. 
 When he read it to us the following week Dr. Osler exclaimed: “You 
 have forgotten to mention my old friend Israel!” We all felt sorry for 
 S. When we purchased Israel on actinomycosis last year for the 
 deau library the incident came back to me. 
 
 During the clinique intime of our third year one of my cases was & 
 girl with a purpuric rash. He spoke for some time upon. hemophilia 
 and I supposed in my ignorance that this was the diagnosis. Later mn 
 private when I was reporting to him my efforts at tracing the case he 
 told me that it was a case of purpura. A case of polythelia o¢ 
 
 
 
 —— te —, - 
 
 
 
ey, 
 
 REMINISCENCE, BALTIMORE AND OxFoRD PrerRiIop—Brown 441 
 
 and Mr. O. was sent through the wards to see if he could discover any 
 more cases or, indeed, any of polymastia. His findings were reported 
 to us later. No one was ever allowed to take more than five minutes. 
 He was anxious for each of us to learn how to use the Index Medicus 
 and the Surgeon-General’s Catalogue, and frequently referred us to 
 them. His references to the historical side of medicine adorned his 
 teaching and enforced his points. Of Mr. Joseph Hopkins, a nephew 
 of Johns Hopkins, he always spoke as St. Joseph. Many an interesting 
 repartee passed between him and some of the old Irish patients. He 
 was greatly amused when one patient told him that she did not want to 
 see him but the professor, indicating Dr. Frank Smith, then in charge 
 of the dispensary. His handling of the patients was never rough, never 
 like that of some of the men who had worked elsewhere. He could not 
 have been more considerate of them had they been private patients. 
 He was rarely absent and never late. I can see him now sitting on a 
 corner of the table, swinging one foot, contemplating the patient and 
 talking to us. Even in our third year we began to find reprints from 
 Dr. Osler in our boxes at the post-office and I remember with what joy 
 I took them out and devoured each one. 
 
 The Health of the Student 
 
 Osler took a keen interest in every earnest student. In fact he 
 was so anxious to befriend every one of them that on one occasion the 
 class thought that he had intimated to thirteen men that he believed 
 they would each have one of the twelve places which would soon be 
 open. ‘Those who fell ill he often followed with cheerful notes. He 
 wrote me during the winter of 1898-1899, when I was laid on the shelf 
 in Saranac Lake, as follows: 
 
 “Greetings! and best wishes for your pulmonic health! A nephew, Rev. 
 H. C. G., of Toronto, has just developed tuberculous laryngitis eight weeks’ 
 duration. No trouble evident in lungs—condition good—no fever but bacilli 
 found. I wish him to go to the Adirondacks at once. I have written Trudeau 
 asking about the Sanitarium’s private rooms, but I thought it would save 
 time to ask you to let me know of some good boarding houses—with prices, 
 etc. Love to Oliver—I hope you are both on the primrose path!”’ 
 
 One of my class-mates had preceded me to Saranac Lake with a 
 massive infection of the lung. He had taken a bicycle trip to the Valley 
 of Virginia after the school had closed and had returned with some fever 
 and a slight cough. Another classmate brought him to the hospital. 
 Dr. Osler, I am sure, was away at the time and Dr. Thayer saw him a 
 few times before he left for his vacation. A diagnosis had been made of 
 typhoid fever with bronchitis and he was put upon the restricted diet 
 in vogue at that time. On Dr. Thayer’s return, he promptly recog- 
 nized the extensive and intensive pulmonary involvement and sent 
 him to Dr. Trudeau. He had been a brilliant student, had always led 
 his classes and his family had sacrified everything for his career. He 
 had in all probability been doomed from the outset of the disease for 
 I am certain that it was one of those cases, very unfortunate for every 
 one connected with them, where the process begins deep in the lung and 
 only after some weeks do physical signs appear. The family always 
 thinks and feels that an unnecessary mistake has been made. Those of 
 you who have begun the practice of medicine since the wide-spread 
 use of the x-ray can never know the anxiety that such cases awoke. 
 
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 442 REMINISCENCE, BALTIMORE AND Oxrorp PEr1op—Browy 
 
 Many mistakes were absolutely unavoidable, due, as I said before, to 
 the limitations of our art. I can never recall that the patient criticized 
 anyone but he wondered why the interne, who saw him daily during 
 Thayer’s absence, did not examine his lungs instead of discussing Thack- 
 eray. It should be noted that as soon as Thayer returned from his 
 vacation the diagnosis was made. I have thought it best to give the 
 
 details as Cushing has mentioned the instance quite frankly. The 
 
 patient was given his examinations at Saranac Lake, passed them and 
 practiced for a while until he received the summons to the immortal 
 realm. 
 
 Amphitheatre Clinics 
 
 Once a week we had a more formal amphitheatre clinic. Here the 
 third year class was relegated to the back seats, for the fourth year, 
 from which the medical clerks were drawn, who presented the cases, sat 
 in front. Throughout the two years I attended these clinics Dr. Osler 
 presented cases and emphasized over and over again the importance of 
 typhoid fever and pneumonia. Each year two men were selected to 
 keep a list on a blackboard in the amphitheatre of all the cases of these 
 two diseases and their outcome. It fell to my lot one year to tabulate 
 the pneumonias. We saw that year thirty or forty cases. 
 
 Ward Work 
 
 During the fourth year we were assigned to the wards as clinical 
 clerks and took histories, examined blood, urine and performed other 
 duties under the internes. We each had to work up the cases in turn. 
 When your case came in the night before rounds, you had to make an 
 early start for at the tick of nine Dr. Osler was at the door of the ward 
 
 and all work stopped. ‘You were called upon to give the history and your — 
 
 diagnosis. He never thoroughly examined a patient during ward rounds 
 but from what he had heard and possibly from what the resident had 
 told him knew what the case was, emphasized the essential data, and 
 used all the time in teaching. I remember one of the class missed the 
 
 mark and wandered off on a long detailed statement of little importance. _ 
 
 He insisted on punctuality and brevity. As we trooped through the 
 corridors from one ward to the next, he would lock arms with some one, 
 as often as not with a student. One day while walking with me in this 
 manner, he said: ‘Brown, we ought to bleed you once a month.” This 
 was 4propos of the fact that six weeks after my return from the Adiron- 
 dacks I had had a series of hemoptyses and had been in the hospital for 
 two weeks. Dr. Osler had come to see me in the ward, had sent me 
 apples, and had told me that in his opinion I might finish my year and 
 course. On the other hand Dr. Welch had sent me word not to tarry 
 but to go instanter to Saranac Lake. Dr. Trudeau sided with Dr. 
 Osler and I remained without further mishap. He later advised me to 
 let no one examine me, advice which I have scrupulously followed. Can 
 you wonder that we loved him? I often thought who was I that he should 
 take so much interest in me. 
 
 While we were clinical clerks in the medical wards we went every 
 Saturday night to his home where we discussed any interesting cases 
 of the week, listened to a charming talk on some old master of medicine 
 by the Chief, were shown most of his works in first editions and finally 
 had pleasant intercourse served with cheese, crackers, cigarettes an 
 
 Se en 
 
 
 
 
 
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 REMINISCENCE, BALTIMORE AND OXFORD PERIOD—BrRown 443 
 
 beer. At the end of the clerkship he invited all of us to dinner at his 
 delightful home and set before us, inhabitants of the Broadway and 
 Jackson Square “hash” houses, a meal, whose mere contemplation 
 made us salivated. Time and again I was struck with how fully he 
 practiced what he preached in regard to food. I wondered how he could 
 eat so sparingly of such delicious food. 
 
 Dr. Osler delivered an address to our class at the graduating exer- 
 cises. He spoke briefly on faith in medicine. Never forget, he warned 
 us, that faith in the physician is more potent than many drugs. In fact 
 it is often the faith in the doctor that produced the effect attributed to 
 the drug. In his later writings you will find this subject delightfully 
 amplified. 
 
 In the summer of 1901 Dr. Trembley had decided to resign as 
 resident of the Sanitarium and I was to have his place. I was at a loss 
 as to where to get an assistant and turned to Dr. Osler. In July (the 
 23rd) he wrote me: 
 
 “Dear Brown: You will not find it easy I fear to get an assistant unless 
 he is a healed ‘lunger.’ I do not know of the right man at the moment but I 
 will bear itin mind. We are having a delightful meeting (Congress of Physi- 
 cians and Surgeons), only we miss Trudeau sadly. So many inquire for him 
 and speak of his work. . So glad that you are going to take charge of the sani- 
 tarium. The outlook for you should be first-class. Love to Dr. Trudeau.” 
 
 The Laennec Society 
 
 Tuberculosis had always interested Osler. In 1900 the death rate 
 in this country was about 300 per 100,000 and it was indeed as he called 
 it, “The Captain of the Men of Death.” Few were interested in it 
 from any point of view and to combat this attitude, no doubt, he formed 
 the Laennec Society to study the disease. I shall never forget the plea- 
 sure his invitation to read a paper before the Society gave me. I was 
 invited with several others to dine at his house the night of the meeting. 
 On the way to the hospital tuberculin was discussed and I asked him 
 how it was that so many men in Europe got results that I could not get. 
 His reply was that they did not get them. He discussed my paper on 
 diagnosis in a way most gratifying to me but after the meeting, in private, 
 called my attention to a point that I had overlooked. He had his know- 
 ledge ordered in a way that was truly uncanny. 
 
 Osler at Saranac Lake 
 
 One day a small, rather forlorn, youngish man, who looked brow- 
 beaten and hen-pecked, drifted into my office. He was a Cornishman 
 but had married while living in New Jersey. Falling ill, his wife had 
 literally turned him out of the house. He was desperately ill, and his 
 funds ran short. He then communicated with Dr. Osler, a very distant 
 cousin, who came to his relief at once. Time and again he wrote me to 
 spare no expense about Mr. Osler; ‘‘do all you can for the poor chap 
 and if there is anything extra needed let me know. I have not met him 
 but his father and mine were first cousins and I would not wish him to 
 lack anything.” And again; “Please do anything you possibly can for 
 Jonathan Osler. If he needs anything extra or should require a special 
 nurse, have anything you think fit for him and send me a memorandum.” 
 In gratitude he made over to Dr. Osler his small life insurance, which 
 
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 444 REMINISCENCE, BALTIMORE AND OxForD PERIOD—Brown 
 
 he in turn, later on sent to different persons in Saranac Lake who had 
 been kind to the poor chap. ‘Please accept the enclosed cheque for 
 $50.00 for your kindness in looking after Mr. Jonathan Osler. I haye 
 added a dollar for the expense in connection with the insurance papers 
 I have sent Miss Hoerner and Mrs. Walker each a little present and 
 have sent Miss Prescott $100.00 for her building fund.” It was to see 
 him primarily that in 1902 Dr. Osler stopped in Saranac Lake on his 
 way south from Canada. Of course he had to see the Sanitarium. I 
 showed him the records and tapping them he remarked: “Unless a 
 man has his experience in this form, he is unable to discuss it intelli- 
 gently.”’ It may be of interest to note that shortly after this Dr. Tru- 
 deau, who had always trusted his wonderful memory, began taking a 
 few notes on patients. Dr. Osler had, of course, to see my few old books. 
 He took out Noah Webster’s History of Pestilential Diseases, remarking 
 that it is the best medical work ever written by a layman. He spied 
 Samuel G. Morton’s Studies on Consumption and said as far as he knew 
 he was the only student of Laennec from America. He pointed out in 
 the preface the statement that the author studied under the great Laennee. 
 
 The Outdoor Life 
 One day, in 1904, I received the following letter: 
 
 ‘Dear Brown: I inclose five dollars for five subscriptions to the Owdoor 
 Life, the addresses to which they are to be sent being given below. 
 
 1. Dr. Wm. Osler, 1 W. Franklin St., Baltimore. 
 
 2. Library of the Med. and Chir. Faculty, 747 No. Eutaw St. 
 
 3. Miss Adelaide Proctor, 47 Green St., Cumberland, Md. 
 
 4. Mrs. John J. Gibson, Room 1220, N. Y. Life Bldg., Chicago. 
 
 5. To someone who you think would enjoy it.” | 
 
 I had started the little journal despite many predictions that its birth 
 would be quickly followed by a sleep and a forgetting. I had written 
 to Dr. Osler asking if he could not give us a few words on Fracastor for 
 he had recently mentioned him as being the first to call attention to the 
 contagiousness of tuberculosis. In July, 1904, from Pointe-a-Pie at the 
 mouth of the St. Lawrence I received the following letter and inclosure: 
 
 “T inclose you a little memo of Fracastorius on the contagiousness of 
 phthisis which may be of interest enough to put in your useful paper. It was 
 nice to see Trudeau looking so well. I leave for England on Saturday the 
 16th by the Campania from New York. I hope you will havea good summer. 
 Do not overwork. You must get a good holiday-in Europe. Wm. Osler. 
 
 The MS. in his own handwriting suggests very strongly that he trans- 
 
 lated and wrote out the passage from De Contagione concerning the 
 contagiousness of phthisis. (I have here the article and book of Fracas- 
 
 torious, I believe, a first edition). Had I known then what I know now — 
 
 in regard to how busy he was I would never have had the temerity to 
 ask him for anything from his pen. 
 
 In 1908 I had made my plans to go abroad and had written to Dr. 
 Osler to that effect but a patient reached Saranac Lake who urged me to 
 postpone the trip, saying if I got him well he would send me over : 
 pay all my expenses. I was sure that under such cireunsene at 
 would die. I wrote this to Dr. Osler and on October the 15th he repli! 
 
 from Paris: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 id ee ee 
 
Ya : 
 
 REMINISCENCE, BALTIMORE AND OxFoRD PErRiop>—Brown 445 
 
 “Congratulations on the tuberculosis number of the Outdoor Life—excel- 
 lent, and Trudeau’s introduction is fine. Give him my love. Iam sorry not 
 to have been with you all, but as I dare say you have heard, I am off for a long 
 holiday, first here for three months and then on to Italy. When are you 
 coming over—do not delay. You need a good rest and you deserveit. Ihope 
 to be out in May. Nothing here has begun, so I am devoting myself to the 
 libraries. How is your collection getting on? It is nice to see that the 
 Journal has been so successful. You must often be hard put to for contribu- 
 tors. I feel like a pig to have failed you but I have been over head and ears 
 in work—chapters for Allbutt’s System, my text-book and my own system. 
 I hear very nice things said of your article over here. Love to all my old 
 friends. ”’ 
 
 The National Tuberculosis Association 
 
 By the formation of the Laennec Society he had aroused interest 
 at the hospital (J. H. H.) in the tuberculosis problem, but he clearly 
 saw that the physicians alone could never overcome the disease. To 
 awaken the general public and to gather in Baltimore those who were 
 interested in the subject, he arranged the first tuberculosis exhibit in 
 America, if not in the world. Among other things he had a collection 
 of first editions of the great works on tuberculosis. The walls of McCoy 
 Hall were covered with charts and Knopf’s ‘‘Tuberculosis and the 
 Masses” was in a frame in twelve or more languages. Ravenel in dis- 
 cussing this part of the exhibit ventured into the domain of the ornamen- 
 tal with marked success. There had been two supposedly national 
 bodies organized for the discussion of tuberculosis and on the last after- 
 noon a meeting was held to decide whether to join them or to organize 
 a new body. The discussion waxed rather warm when a member (Dr. 
 Bell) of one of the other organizations called Ravenel a horse-doctor. 
 A committee was finally appointed with Osler a member. This was 
 the beginning of the National Tuberculosis Association, which was 
 organized in 1904. He was for years a vice-president and honorary 
 president. 
 
 Over the mantel at 1 W. Franklin Street, where he lived in Ballti- 
 more, hung the photograph of a full suit of armour. It served, as Mrs. 
 Osler told me, a very useful purpose. Whenever any one asked him a 
 question which he did not care to answer, he referred in a cheerful way 
 to the figure in armour. 
 
 The System of Medicine 
 
 In 1906 it was noised abroad that Osler was going to write a system 
 of medicine and great was my elation when I was asked to write the 
 clinical section on tuberculosis. Baldwin was given etiology and Mac- 
 Callum pathology. Dr. Osler wrote asking for an outline or schema and f 
 have now the copy with his annotations on it. As I had followed very 
 largely his different plans (he wrote the section on tuberculosis in Loomis’ 
 System) he made few alterations. I wrote too much and overfilled the 
 space. The publishers protested and Osler wrote me as follows: 
 
 “T am sorry about the condition of plethora of your article. Iam afraid 
 we must agree to Lea’s request and cut it down as near as possible to the space 
 they assign. I know how hard it is to do this, but it is surprising how much 
 may be done by cutting out reduntant words and sentences. For example, 
 I cut out nearly four lines to the printed page from one edition of my text-book 
 simply by condensation. It is, of course, a great aggravation and it is often 
 harder to boil down than to write.” And again: ‘I am so sorry to hear 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 446 REMINISCENCE, BALTIMORE AND OxForD PERIOp—Brown 
 
 from McCrae that the Leas insist upon cutting down still further your article 
 It is too bad but we have no option in the matter as Lea & Company insist 
 that the volume must be kept to the original estimate of number and size, 
 I shall look over the proofs of your article with great interest. M. says that 
 it is Al as I am sure it is. When are you coming over? Give my love to 
 Trudeau and to all good friends there. What a success the Journal has been!” 
 
 ir was a bit trying as I had overwritten my space by about 30,000 
 words! 
 
 Oxford 
 The impulse to get in touch with Dr. Osler as soon as I reached 
 
 London in November, 1909, was irresistible. Immediately I received — 
 
 the following note: 
 
 ““Dear Brown:—I am delighted to know that, at last, you are on this 
 side. Could you not come down to-morrow with me? I have to be in town 
 at the Inter. Med. Society Committee and will take the 7:30 train from 
 Paddington. Will you join me there? We can dine on the train. It would 
 be nice if you could stay a few days with us and see something of Oxford. 
 Wire me in the morning if you cannot come.” 
 
 It is needless to add that I accepted the invitation and joined him 
 at the station. He and Mrs. Osler were always apparently delighted 
 to see you, though many times it was impossible for me to see how they 
 stood the constant stream of visitors, who literally were unable to remain 
 away. As hosts I have never seen quite their equal, for those who stayed 
 with them seemed to become a part of their family. The house was 
 spacious and full of books. When I was there the only books in the 
 dining room were a set of the National Biography, to which not infre- 
 quent reference was made. Later shelves and books overflowed even 
 into this room. At 1 W. Franklin Street, when you dropped in for tea 
 you would as likely as not find on a chair a copy of an editio princeps of 
 Galen, of Avicenna or of Hippocrates. He was one of the directors of 
 the Oxford University Press and for this reason received a copy of every 
 book published by them. These in part he passed on to those he imagined 
 would appreciate them, for his thought for others knew no limits. I 
 never left without carrying with me one or more books which I greatly 
 prized. He always sent you to bed with a book to read. I saw the 
 Bodleian Library under delightful circumstances and stood in reverence 
 before the wonderful collection of the many editions of Robert Burton 
 (some belonging to Dr. Osler) which, together with many of Burton's 
 own books, had been collected in one compartment of the shelves, sur- 
 rounding a portrait of the author of the Anatomy of Melancholy. With 
 such a guide Christ Church College was a revelation. We vis 
 rooms, where he said that I could be put up any time the house was full. 
 The dining hall with its wonderful pictures was a great source of pleasure 
 to him. At his patience with my ignorance and his desire to teach me 
 new things I often marvelled. He truly loved to teach. When I left 
 
 he gave me letters to the curators of the Royal College of Physicians and 
 
 Surgeons, to Hurst, to Rolleston, to Rist, to Widal, to Wassermann 
 (which I never presented) and to the delightful family of Professor 
 
 Ewald in Berlin. In Paris he suggested that I go to the Hotel Louvols — 
 
 and taught me to say “‘ Hotel Louvois, Place Louvois, vis-4-vis la pie 
 théque Nationale.” I got there without mishap. It was natural tha 
 
 
 
 
 
NE, 
 
 REMINISCENCE, BALTIMORE AND OxrorD PERIopD—BRowN 447 
 
 should ask him the best way to learn French and he answered: ‘I have 
 heard that the best way was to acquire a sleeping dictionary.” In 
 discussing affairs in England, he told me that in his opinion disestab- 
 lishment of the Church would have sooner or later to come. He was 
 struck by how little the English knew about America. ‘‘A few daysago,”’ 
 he said, “I was at a meeting of the...... trustees and not one of them 
 had ever heard of Tiffany’s.’’ 
 
 Paris 
 
 Six months later I was going down stairs one day in the Hotel Lou- 
 vois and whom should I meet but Dr. and Mrs. Osler, a niece, and the 
 daughter of an old friend. A rare treat was in store for me. For two 
 weeks I played with him about Paris. We ransacked Boulange’s old 
 book shop. ‘‘Have you Empis?” he asked and I was told that this 
 work on “‘granulie” was a classic. One morning we drove to one of the 
 northern boulevards in search of a first edition of Ambroise Paré but it 
 was notthere. After browsing among old books for some time we repaired 
 to one of the open-air cafés on the side-walk and had some liquid refresh- 
 ments. 
 
 Another morning he took us (Dr. Henry Barton Jacobs and me) 
 to a concourse for the professor agregée, a subprofessorship without a 
 teaching position, through which all who seek academic honours in 
 France must pass. The court of the Ecole de Médécine was filled with 
 gendarmes with fixed bayonets and in the amphitheatre they outnumbered 
 those in attendance on the examination. A short time previously the 
 students had protested against the methods of examinations and as the 
 candidates could not be heard the dean, Dr. Landouzy, remembered 
 for his work on tuberculous bacteremia, attempted to announce that the 
 meeting was adjourned but his words were drowned in shouts and he 
 turned to write what he had intended to say on the blackboard. This 
 he found plastered with the remains of eggs and tomatoes. He finally 
 wrote on the black velvet covering over the desk. On the day of our 
 visit the candidate was immolated in a lectern, high above the heads of 
 the audience. Dr. Osler listened attentively and remarked later that 
 the candidate had omitted but one point in his written paper which dealt 
 with some form of paralysis. 9 
 
 Again we visited and made ward rounds with old Professor Dieulefoy 
 (of aspirator fame), who drove up to the hospital in a stylish barouche 
 with a spanking pair of bays. On arriving in the ward he removed his 
 frock coat and put on a heavy overcoat with a linen coat over this. 
 “He does this,” Dr. Osler whispered to us, ‘‘even in the middle of sum- 
 mer.” He showed us some cases of chronic ulcers which he was treating 
 with super-heated dry air, with, he claimed, good results. 
 
 It was not all work and one day we visited Notre Dame Cathedral. 
 As we passed along the south aisle to look at the rose windows, he spied 
 a box marked, ‘“‘For those in purgatory.”” He dropped in a frane or 
 two, saying that he had many friends there. Another evening we dined 
 with the Jacobs at the Ritz and then went to hear Mary Garden sing at a 
 benefit performance. 
 
 We had planned to go to see Rostand’s Chantecleer and in the morn- 
 ing one of the girls had asked me if I would go to Maxim’s with them 
 after the performance. “Is Dr. Osler going with you?” I replied. He 
 was, she said, and I consented to go. At dinner one of the girls appeared 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 448 REMINISCENCE, BALTIMORE AND OxFoRD PERIoD—Browy 
 
 with a hat, the other without. After dinner she took hers off and the 
 party at Maxim’s was off. Dr. Osler put Mrs. Osler with me in one taxi 
 and he and the two girls took another. ‘“‘He has acted like a spoiled boy, 
 He would not talk all during dinner,” she said to me as we drove to the 
 theatre, where I must confess I understood little or nothing of the barn- 
 yard talk that drifted over the footlights. Mrs. Osler of course was 
 perfectly right but as far as the girls were concerned they knew nothing 
 of the sort of people that frequented such resorts and even after a supper 
 there I doubt if they would have been any the wiser. 
 
 On their return to Oxford I accompanied them. When there I 
 received a picture of himself engaged in writing his text-book. You will 
 see an amusing incident of this in his Life. I could not resist a first 
 edition of Through the Looking Glass at an old book shop in Oxford, for 
 Dr. Hodgson had been a fellow at Christ Church College where, as I have 
 said, Osler held his fellowship. Early in my career I had bought the 
 collected works of Sir Thomas Brown and had struggled through part 
 of Religio Medici. He was Dr. Osler’s favourite author and he had prac- 
 tically every edition of his works at that time. He showed me a lock 
 of his hair and a bit of his shroud, if my memory serves me right. I 
 really believe I caught the Contagio collectianz from him and a happy 
 infection it has proved for me. 
 
 In speaking once of a certain city he remarked: ‘There is Dr....... 
 now professor of medicine, who has gotten further on one talent than 
 any man I know.” Those of you who are acquainted with his Master 
 Word in Medicine will recognize at once the talent he had in his mind. 
 I took it at once to heart. 
 
 I sent him a copy of the little book I had written for patients and in 
 return got this: | 
 
 “Dear L. B.:—That is a very nice book of yours—so full of common 
 sense and so well put. Your wife must have written it!! Greetings to you 
 both.” 
 
 Six weeks before the beginning of the World War I was motoring 
 with some friends from Bath to Leamington and passed through Oxford. 
 Dr. Osler insisted that I spend the afternoon and evening with them, 
 which I did. That afternoon the house was crowded with Rhodes 
 scholars and other students. I saw his (Osler’s) treasures which were 
 increasing steadily. He showed me the only first edition of George 
 Bodington, (the first to use the modern hygienic-dietetic treatment, of 
 pulmonary tuberculosis) I ever saw. As usual when I left him I carried 
 with me a book. I never saw him again. 
 
 Such are my recollections of Osler, the peer of teachers of the last 
 generation: the quickening influence of every community in which he 
 dwelt: generous to a fault of his time, of his strength, of what money 
 he had in building up libraries, in assisting his professional brother, or 
 in aiding the beggar at his door, and to his dying day the friend and 
 helper of every earnest student of medicine. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Su Memoriam 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ie ee 
 
 PO ay i Tn gaan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Fe ae Let eae 
 
 —— eres SSS ee RTE Bye 5 re : Z - = ba lne tom f s be 1s Tae = Se ST ENO ot - 
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 the 
 
 iris, unveiled in 
 
 P: 
 
 e 
 court of the University Museum at Oxford, June 10, 1925 
 
 O 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Monsieur 
 
 i] plaque by 
 
 « 
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 & thea a LN OO ROT 
 a AEE AEE LOGE ARR EAR i ORR TRE TE 
 
 
 
 Bronze memori 
 

 
 
 
 eT 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 en et ee ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 The memorial in the court of the University Museum at Oxford, 
 
 showing the bronze plaque of Osler placed beside the statue “of 
 
 Association. 
 
 mham, and the wreath below it deposited during the summer ot 
 
 ite 
 
 Interstate Postgradu 
 
 American 
 
 behalf of the 
 
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 The Plaque 
 
 is in close proximity to the full-length statue of Sydenham. 
 
 AT OXFORD 
 Garrop, K.C.M.G., F.R.S., Regius 
 
 Professor of Medicine, from prints kindly made by Mr. 
 Assistant Secretary to the University Museum, 
 
 THE SIR WILLIAM OSLER MEMORIAL 
 The three fine illustrations of the Sir William Osler 
 Memorial in the Court of the University Museum at 
 Plaque was unveiled. The wreath shown below the 
 memorial was deposited on behalf of the Congress of 
 the American Interstate Post-graduate Assembly of 
 
 Oxford are reproduced here through the kindness of 
 from photographs taken by him at the time when the 
 
 medical men then on a visit to England. 
 
 Sirk ARCHIBALD HE. 
 
 Robinson, 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 452 UNVEILING OF THE OxFoRD MEMoRIAL—HeEnRy 
 
 THE UNVEILING OF THE OXFORD MEMORIAL* 
 
 Lypia 8. Henry, M.D., Ch.B., Saerrizznp 
 Montreal 
 
 N the Court of the University Museum at Oxford can be seen a 
 bronze plaque in memory of Sir William Osler, late Regius 
 Professor of Medicine. In its near proximity stand the figures 
 of other pioneers of Medicine. The plaque is the beautiful work 
 of Monsieur Vernon of Paris and is a replica of that made for 
 the Faculty of Medicine of Maryland, U.S. A. 
 
 The unveiling of the above by the Vice Chancellor, Mr. 
 Joseph Wells, M.A., took place on June 10th, 1925, in the presence 
 of Lady Osler and a distinguished gathering among whom were 
 many of his colleagues who came to do homage to the great leader 
 of medicine. In presenting the plaque, Sir Herbert Warren, 
 President of Magdalen, expressed appreciation on behalf of the 
 subscribers to the Sir William Osler Memorial Fund. 
 
 In accepting the memorial for the University of Oxford, the 
 Vice Chancellor paid fitting tribute to the charm and inspiration 
 of Sir William’s remarkable personality. Sir Humphry Rolleston 
 Bt., President of the Royal College of Physicians and Regius 
 Professor of Physic in the University of Cambridge referred to the 
 infinite variety of Osler’s work and to his wide activities in the 
 different realms of Medicine. He dwelt on the influence of Osler’s 
 life, his personal charm, his human sympathy and his happy vein 
 of persuasive enthusiasm which fitted him so admirably as a 
 great leader in campaigns for the prevention of disease. 
 
 It is interesting to note that the First Quinquennial Award 
 of the Bronze Medal to the Oxford medical graduate who shall 
 have made the most valuable contribution in the science, art, 
 or literature of medicine, has been awarded to Sir William Osler’s 
 successor as Regius Professor of Medicine and Student of Christ 
 Church, Sir Archibald Garrod, K.C.M.G., F.R.S., D.M., F.R.C.P. 
 
 The residue of the income of the Fund may be used at the 
 discretion of the members of the Board of Awarders resident 1 
 Oxford in making grants from time to time to teachers in the 
 Oxford Medical School, recognised as such by the Board of the 
 Faculty of Medicine, to enable them to pursue some special study 
 connected with medicine outside the University. 
 
 = * Extracted from the accounts in the British Medical Journal and The 
 imes. 
 
 (a 
 7 
 ‘ 
 “ 
 
 
 
es, 
 BrieEF REPORTS OF THE EXERCISES—FUTCHER 453 
 
 BRIEF REPORT OF THE EXERCISES IN CONNECTION 
 
 WITH THE PRESENTATION OF A MEMORIAL PLAQUE 
 
 OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER TO THE JOHNS HOPKINS 
 HOSPITAL ON JANUARY 19th, 1925. 
 
 N 1923 Dr. Thomas McCrae, Professor of Medicine, Jefferson 
 Medical College, Philadelphia, suggested that a suitable 
 memorial should be installed in the Johns Hopkins Hospital to 
 commemorate Sir William Osler’s association with the institution. 
 A Committee consisting of Drs. L. F. Barker, W. S. Thayer, 
 H. B. Jacobs, T. McCrae and T. B. Futcher was chosen to arrange 
 for such a memorial. Invitations to subscribe to a fund, with 
 this object in view, were sent out to fifty of Sir William’s pro- 
 fessional associates during the period he occupied the Chair in 
 Medicine in the Johns Hopkins University. Dr. R. Tait McKen- 
 zie, of the University of Pennsylvania, a graduate of McGill 
 University, and a former student of Sir William’s, was commis- 
 sioned to design a suitable bronze plaque. 
 
 The formal presentation of the plaque to the Hospital took 
 place on the evening of Monday, January 19th, 1925, at a special 
 meeting of the Johns Hopkins Historical Club, which was held 
 in the Medical Amphitheatre, with Dr. Howard A. Kelly, Presi- 
 dent, in the chair. Those who had subscribed to the fund were 
 entertained at dinner at the Maryland Club before the meeting, 
 as guests of the memorial committee. 
 
 The exercises were very delightful and the spirit of Sir William 
 seemed to pervade the atmosphere. After a few appropriate 
 introductory remarks by Dr. Kelly, the President of the Society, 
 Dr. Henry M. Hurd, the first Superintendent of the Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital, was called upon and related his early personal recol- 
 lections of Sir William, which dated as far back as 1884, when 
 the latter was the energetic Secretary of the Canadian Medical 
 Association Meeting held at Kingston, Ontario. 
 
 Dr. Rufus I. Cole, a former student, and Director of the 
 Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute, New York, read a charming 
 
 Published in this Volume, pp. 46-51. 
 
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 454 BriEF REPORTS OF THE EXERCISES—FUTCHER 
 
 paper on ‘Sir William Osler, Teacher and Student,”* in which 
 he said ‘Time can only reveal which of the various channels 
 through which flowed his great personality were cut most deeply 
 and permanently, but it seems most likely that it was as a student 
 and teacher of medicine that he made the greatest impression on 
 his time and that it is through the results of his teaching, trans- 
 mitted through the medium of his students, that his effect on 
 posterity will be most significant.” 
 
 Dr. William H. Welch gave a delightful informal talk on 
 “Osler: Student and Teacher of Disease,’ in which he emphasized 
 what Sir William had stated in his last address delivered in this 
 country on the occasion of the complimentary dinner given him 
 in New York, before his departure for Oxford in 1904; that there 
 were two great ambitions in his professional life. One was to 
 become a good clinician. The other was to build up a great 
 clinic along lines different from those hitherto followed in this 
 country or in England. 
 
 The formal presentation of the bronze plaque was made on 
 behalf of the subscribers by Dr. Thomas McCrae, of Philadelphia, 
 who gave a delightful address, emphasizing the lasting influence 
 that Sir William had exerted on the teaching of Medicine and on 
 Medical Education in this country. 
 
 The plaque, which is temporarily placed on the walls of the 
 Medical Amphitheatre, which is so closely associated with Sir 
 William’s activities as a teacher, but which is later to be appro- 
 priately located in the new Osler Clinic, was unveiled by Mrs. 
 Thomas McCrae, one of three nieces of Sir William present, the 
 others being Mrs. A. C. Abbott, of Philadelphia, and Mrs. H. P. 
 Almon Abbott, of Baltimore. 3 
 
 On behalf of the Trustees of the Hospital, the plaque was 
 accepted by Judge Henry Harlan, President of the Board, in a 
 gracious speech. 
 
 The proceedings closed with a few remarks by Dr. R. Tait 
 McKenzie, of Philadelphia, who designed the plaque. 
 
 Tuomas B. FUTCHER 
 Baliimore 
 
 
 
MEMORIAL PORTRAIT. MEDALLION 
 of 
 STR WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 (For Johns Hopkins Hospital) 
 
 The bronze medallion portrait of Sir William Osler for Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital is life size and framed in oak. Around the border is the inscription 
 “William Osler, Physician-in-Chief, 1889-1905,” in raised letters. 
 
 The moment of the pose is during a clinical lecture and the attitude is one he 
 often assumed, his right hand resting on his hip, his left hand toying with his 
 faithful microscope on the table before him. The instrument is modelled from 
 an old fashioned Zeiss he himself used at the Philadelphia General Hospital. 
 His head is lowered as if he were speaking in that half reminiscent way that 
 distinguished his clinical talks from the more formal lectures. Behind the micro- 
 scope ts a row of books and beneath the table top is the incised inscription “A 
 tribute from his associates and assistants at Johns Hopkins.” 
 
 R, TAIT McKENZIE 
 
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 THE UNVEILING OF THE OSLER MEMORIAL 
 TABLET AT THE MONTREAL GENERAL 
 HOSPITAL 
 
 MARGARET Owens, M.B. 
 
 Montreal 
 
 > May 27th, 1925, in the presence of a large gathering of 
 
 doctors, nurses, and friends of the Montreal General Hos- 
 pital a fitting tribute was paid to the memory of three distin- 
 guished medical men who had succeeded each other as pathologists 
 to the hospital, by the unveiling of memorial tablets to: 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER, BART., M.D., LL,D., F.R.S., F.R.C.P. 
 AUTHOR, TEACHER AND PHYSICIAN 
 
 WYATT GALT JOHNSTON, M.D. 
 
 PROFESSOR OF HYGIENE IN McGiutu UNIVmERsITYy 
 AND PATHOLOGIST TO THIS HOSPITAL 
 
 JOHN McCRAE, D.S.O., M.B., M.R.C.P. 
 
 Puysictian, Port, SOLDIER 
 
 The tablets were presented to the Hospital on behalf of its 
 Medical Board, by the President of the Hospital, Lieut.-Col. 
 Herbert Molson, C.M.G., M.C. Following the dedication short 
 addresses upon the services rendered by these former members 
 of the staff were delivered, that on Dr. Wyatt Johnston by Pro- 
 fessor R. F. Ruttan, Dean of the Faculty of Graduate Studies and 
 Research, that on Colonel John McCrae by Professor C. F. Martin, 
 Dean of the Medical Faculty of McGill University, and that on 
 Sir William Osler by Professor F. J. Shepherd, Osler’s fellow 
 student and life-long friend. 
 
 455 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *. : 5 ar 235 Se ese = 
 2 SS Se we ee ——— =a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 456 MontTREAL GENERAL HosprtaL Mrmortatc—Ownns 
 
 In a few telling sentences, Dr. Shepherd gave, as only one 
 with such associations could have done, an epitome of Osler’s 
 wonderful career and of its foundations in this Institution. He 
 recalled the different relationships which Osler had held towards 
 the hospital, first as a student, then as its first pathologist, then 
 as attending physician to the Small-pox Hospital which was at 
 that time an appanage of the hospital and lastly as attending 
 physician in the wards. | 
 
 He pointed out that it was in the wards and post mortem 
 rooms of this hospital that most of the material for the first 
 edition of Osler’s great work The Practice of Medicine was chiefly 
 obtained. It was also in this institution he first learned from 
 the late Dr. R. P. Howard and Dr. George Ross the method of 
 bedside teaching which he later established in the hospitals of 
 the United States. res 
 
 The greatest emphasis was laid on the personality of the man: 
 
 “He influenced everyone with whom he came in contact espec- 
 ially youths and students. He was a stimulating and reforming 
 individual in every community in which it was his fortune to reside. 
 A marvellous and sympathetic teacher, he had the faculty of 
 winning the love and admiration of all who worked with him. 
 He had a keen sense of humour, a kindly nature and a tremendous 
 capacity for work. With his wide knowledge of general literature 
 both modern and arcient he collected a great library which he 
 has left to his Alma Mater, McGill University. 
 
 “Tt is a splendid tradition that so great a man and so great 
 a physician once lived with us and shared and influenced our 
 activities and set an example of humanity which all his successors 
 would do well to follow.” 
 
 The secret of Osler’s life and influence is best expressed in 
 the closing words of the inscription which this tablet bears: 
 
 He FoLLtowep THE GOLDEN RULE 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER, Bart..M.D.LLD.FERS.ERCP 
 AUTHOR, TEACHER, AND PHYSICIAN. 
 
 PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE IN MCGILL UNIVERSITY: ff 
 THE FIRST PATHOLOGIST TO THIS HOSPITAL AND FOR SOME YEARS if 
 | ONE OF ITS ATTENDING PHYSICIANS. HERE HE LAID THE FOUNDATION 
 
 
 
 Gh}, OF HIS WIDE KNOWLEDGE OF PATHOLOGY AND MEDICINE, AND HERE HE jl) 
 
 
 
 
 
 THE MEMORIAL TABLET TO Sin WILLIAM OSLER IN THE MAIN CORRIDOR OF THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‘ 
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 ad Ty, 
 ae 
 
 #* 
 A935: 
 } Mog 
 
 ee $F: 
 
 te 
 - ry we 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 THE OLD DUNDAS RECTORY 
 
 Enlargement from an old photograph of Sir William Osler’s home in Dundas. His father and mother are on the porch, 
 
 also ie es ee. aes Eb ng by Dr. Thos. A. Bertram, Dundas, for illustration of Dr. Mullin’s article. 
 Pe, Ce UEre Rian yore Se OP a 2 Gate of the road from Hamilton to Dundas, and faces the north, and from it there is an 
 medintely acres 4 Haas a undas marsh, through which the old Desjardins Canal was made, east to the Bay. Almost im- 
 ss the road from the rectory there is a small park, from which there is a pathway leading to the marsh, and this is 
 this path, that the Hamilton 
 
 ir ~ ili ‘ “ 
 M. ae ae ob ability the path taken by Osler and Johnston in their peregrinations. Et is here, on 
 edical Society purposes erecting a memorial marker. ‘ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ES, 
 
 HamitToN MEMORIAL FOR WENTWORTH CounTtTy—MULLIN 457 
 
 An Epilogue 
 
 THE HAMILTON MEMORIAL FOR 
 WENTWORTH COUNTY 
 
 J. HeuRNER Moutiin, M.D. 
 
 Hamilton, Ont. 
 
 O many, who have thus far followed the footprints along the 
 pathway of Osler’s life, the question will have arisen,— 
 “How can we carry on?’”’ Those who have had some share in 
 the gathering of material for this volume feel that a short reference 
 should be made to a proposal, which, while local in its character, 
 may eventually prove to be far-reaching in its effect. It is too 
 early to present definite plans or programme. ‘Those nominally 
 in charge of a developing idea feel yet unwilling to assemble 
 their thoughts or present details of a programme which is yet in 
 embryo. With the assistance of Sir William Osler’s friends, we 
 believe that it may be possible to disclose the idea and leave it 
 to others to make possible the consummation of a perpetual 
 memorial, which will not only visualize the life of the great 
 teacher, but stimulate others to follow the path he trod. 
 
 Before proceeding further with our story, may we suggest 
 that the reader review the previous sections in this volume, and 
 in particular, that written by N. B. Gwyn, and endeavor to place 
 himself in the environment of the early days in Dundas. We would 
 record particularly the pioneers in medicine, whose work was centred 
 in this village and extended throughout the sparsely settled rural 
 community. Some of those men referred to in Cushing’s 
 biography have passed into the Great Beyond. We still hear 
 intimate references to the two Hamiltons, Walker, McMahon and 
 Inksetter. As the memories of these fade, Ross and Bertram come 
 before us. Probably in no other community was good fellowship, 
 sympathy and mutual assistance ever more continually exemplified. 
 The character and lives of these men undoubtedly contributed to 
 Osler’s early conception of the country doctor. Both the former 
 and latter group were undoubtedly stimulated by his personality 
 and interest in scientific work. In addition to these, there were 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 458 Hamitton MremoriaL For WENTWoRTH County—Muiiin 
 
 other contacts made in the neighboring city of Hamilton,—Mae- 
 donald, Malloch, Mullin, O’Reilly and Osborne. Several of 
 these men, with their Hartnack microscopes at home, endeavored 
 to study the specimens obtained after a long pull in the white-ash 
 breeze, in and out of the various inlets of the Bay and through 
 the narrow channel known as the Desjardins Canal, with the 
 junior members of their families often taken along for ballast. 
 Even twenty-five years later the microscope was not yet in general 
 use in practice, but these men at least made frequent use of it in 
 their practice and hospital work. One of our members has a vivid 
 recollection of being allowed to have Sunday dinner with young 
 Osler during the month that he relieved an older brother as phys- 
 ician ‘in charge at the City Hospital. The huge microscope in 
 the doctor’s sitting-room and other evidence of his work, made a 
 lasting impression on this youth of nine summers. The influence 
 of these workers undoubtedly spread to the Medical Society of 
 the community and we hear, from some of the older members, of 
 regular meetings and interesting discussions. 
 
 This early society dissolved, like many others of that period, 
 partly as the result of the zeal of one vigorous and progressive 
 idealist, of the type described by Osler in the words, “‘he lives 
 often in wrath and disputations, passes through fiery ideals, is 
 misunderstood, and too often despised and rejected by his gener- 
 ation.” With the exception of a private medical group known as 
 the “‘Dyspeptic Club,” there was no other organization of the 
 medical profession in Hamilton for several years. Dr. Alex. 
 Osborne, a former pupil of Osler, at his farewell dinner on the eve 
 of his departure for the Boer War, appealed to the medical pro- 
 fession, urging them to proceed with the formation of a new society 
 entirely distinct from the old connections. He urged them to 
 recognize the necessity for the suppression of personalities and 
 academic discussions on ethical questions. Almost immediately 
 after this, a new society* was organized and has continued until 
 the present without interruption and is now recognized as one of 
 the most active in the province. i 
 
 When it became known, in 1906, that Osler was returning 10 
 Canada for the first time after going to Oxford, Olmsted, then 
 presiding officer of the Society, wrote to him, asking that he 
 address the Society at the Annual Dinner. After a cable message 
 
 *The Hamilton Medical Society. 
 
 
 
SS, 
 
 HAMILTON MEMORIAL FOR WENTWORTH CouNnTY—MULLIN 459 
 
 had announced that he would be with us and that we were to have 
 this honor, an honor rarely, if ever, conferred on such a small 
 local society, preparations were made for a large turnout of the 
 members and representative men from other nearby counties. 
 Osler, as on other occasions, spent the day at his disposa! looking 
 up old friends. On the evening of the dinner, the writer well 
 remembers driving him to the meeting in an open sleigh with a 
 cold rain beating in our faces. 
 
 The weather made no impression on Osler. He was in the 
 best of spirits and during the short, informal reception preceding 
 the dinner, mixed with the assembling audience and after his 
 usual custom, had short chats with many he had previously 
 known, inquiring regarding personal and family relations, and 
 had a kindly remark for each new face presented. In his address, 
 he laid great stress on the importance of local medical organiza- 
 tions; he warned the members against the enticements of quick 
 returns from rosy investments, as the medical profession were the 
 easiest of all dupes for such seduction; and urged the members to 
 spend what money they had to spare, after taking care of their 
 families, first, on their libraries; secondly, on travel trips abroad; 
 and lastly, on gilt-edged mortgages on good farm land. To the 
 young man, he made a special appeal that he preserve his ‘‘ brain 
 pan” and develop it by post-graduate work away from home and 
 former college affiliations. This resulted in marked development 
 of interest shown by the younger group; several deserted their 
 practices to complete their studies. 
 
 Some of us cherish the belief that the spirit of Osler still 
 lingers in our midst and has had no small influence in leading 
 our members to assume responsibilities in the affairs of the com- 
 munity at large, as shown by their generous assistance, on a 
 voluntary basis, in infant welfare work during the past fifteen 
 years, and their codperation in a Health Survey in Dundas and 
 the territory surrounding. This Survey was originally planned 
 as part of the national tuberculosis movement, which, in its incep- 
 tion, received inspiration from Osler. 
 
 A later development of this Society was the establishment 
 of an Annual Clinical Day in 1917. This has been carried on 
 since then and is now attended by a large representation from the 
 Niagara Peninsula. We have been favored by assistance from 
 many of Osler’s pupils, Barker, Futcher and McCrae, and by other 
 
 
 
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 460 Hamitton MEemorIAL FoR WENTWORTH County—Mu.un 
 
 representative men from metropolitan centres. At the Annual 
 Clinical Day of 1925, the programme was supplied by a Mayo 
 Clinie group and Dr. Leonard Rowntree in the course of his 
 remarks at the evening dinner presented the following:— 
 
 “To our profession, Osler has given much, improved our system of train- 
 ing, enlarged our opportunities for acquiring clinical experience, broadened 
 our outlook on Medicine and contributed to our idealism. As physicians, 
 our debt is large. For Canadian Medicine and Canadian manhood he has 
 won the approval of the entire world. Because of his influence, the Canadian 
 medical profession enjoys added prestige everywhere. As Canadians our 
 debt is large. ; 
 
 “His absorbing passion was the development of young men. Is it 
 within our power to continue this work? Shall we receive from Osler’s hands 
 the torch he carried so successfully for half a century, and create in his name 
 a memorial fund for the continuation of his work, to make possible greater 
 opportunities for young physicians of unusual promise? Is it fitting that 
 such a fund should be started in Canada? I leave this idea with you, hoping 
 that here in Wentworth County, so long the home of the Osler family, and in 
 Hamilton, where Osler first began the practice of Medicine, this little seed 
 may find fertile soil in which to grow and bring forth fruit.” 
 
 Undoubtedly there was, in his hearers, a wide-spread senti- 
 ment ready to receive the suggestion. The idea has certainly 
 fallen on “fertile soil’? and many of the local group, in their 
 waking and sleeping hours, have this proposal continually before 
 them. There is enthusiasm throughout the whole community 
 and especially in Dundas. Certainly this Society, which owes so 
 much to Osler’s personal influence, must, sooner or later, indicate 
 their respect for his memory by the adoption of some type of 
 memorial, which will continually recall to succeeding generations 
 “who knew not Osler,” the part he played in its foundation and 
 development and in addition to this, present, periodically, at 
 their meetings, extracts from his books of wisdom, or comments 
 on these or his work made by others. A single memorial suggested 
 was not sufficient for these typical individualists. We find differ- 
 ent reactions fron different types of mind. Some of the thoughts, 
 which have arisen and been transmitted more or less in confidence, 
 are presented here. It should be clearly understood that these 
 musings are not set forth as a completely thought out plan, but 
 rather as the accumulation of flashes of inspiration gathered by 
 the way. 
 
 The foundation of scholarships for undergraduate and post- 
 graduate students of promise, who come from this or nearby 
 
 
 

 
 NES, 
 
 HAMILTON MeEMORIAL FOR WENTWORTH CounTy—MULLIN 461 
 
 counties, has received the endorsation of many. Already one 
 well known institution in the United States has offered to estab- 
 lish an Osler Fellowship for Canadian students. Other members 
 of our society would suggest that the local society, as its first 
 objective, should erect a monument or simple marker, indicating 
 the path over the hillside that Johnson and his young disciple 
 took on their way to the marsh in search of specimens. It should 
 be remembered that these early expeditions resulted in the first 
 of a series of publications of a long “‘ink-pot”’ career.* The old 
 rectory, close at hand, is occupied by friends who treasure many 
 personal reminiscences. Other members would organize a pil- 
 erimage, and invite as many as possible of Osler’s former students 
 and associates to join with us in the unveiling and dedication 
 ceremonies in connection with this memorial. Other members 
 would set apart an annual day for remembrance and through 
 this Society endeavor to present to succeeding generations in the 
 county, interesting facts concerning his life work at the bedside, 
 his literary production, and his broad conception of human 
 affairs; still others would ask ‘‘ why should not this first pilgrimage 
 be made a notable event in the annals of Canadian medicine?”’ 
 Might it not be possible that out of this assembly, there will 
 develop an inspiration for a wide-spread and lasting memorial? 
 The members of the local Committee agree that these dis- 
 connected reveries be presented in their present form, but wish it 
 to be clearly understood that they do not wish to interfere with 
 other activities already established to commemorate the life of 
 Osler. They do not know whether or not the dreams pictured 
 here should be the source of inspiration for greater undertaking. 
 
 “Though the dream may never be realized, the vmpulse will 
 not have been wholly in vain if it enables us to look with 
 sympathy upon the more successful efforts of others. a 
 
 —Osler 
 
 *See “Facsimile of Osler’s first published article” on page 415 of this 
 volume, 
 
 +The Osler Memorial Committee of the Hamilton Medical Society, which 
 is the Wentworth County Branch of the Ontario Medical Association. The 
 town of Dundas is in the County of Wentworth. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 oy — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 THE HOUSING OF THE OSLER COLLECTION IN 
 THE MEDICAL BUILDING, McGILL UNIVERSITY 
 
 C. F. Wyups, M.D. 
 
 Montreal 
 
 HE Osler Collection of medical incunabula and other works 
 of historical and bibliographical interest which was 
 bequeathed to the Medical Faculty of McGill University 
 by the late Sir William Osler will be housed in the Medical Build- 
 ing. By way of a memorial a room 30 x 40 feet, partly top lit, 
 has been remodelled by Mr. P. E. Nobbs for the reception of 
 these volumes. ‘The walls have been lined with book cases and 
 panelling in oak, and the room has been arranged with alcoves 
 for the convenience of individual research workers. The decor- 
 ations embody the arms of the late Sir William Osler and those 
 of the various academic institutions with which he had been 
 connected. Accommodation is provided for the seven thousand 
 odd volumes and an allowance made for a twenty-five per cent 
 increase. 
 
 The accompanying photographs show the doorway and the 
 interior. Over the entrance, which is a marble vestibule, are 
 the words in bronze: BIBLIOTHECA OSLERIANA, while 
 inside, above the oak door, is a carved oak plaque bearing the 
 inscription: 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER, BART. 
 Born BonpDHEAD, Ont. 1849. 
 Diep OxrorD, ENGLAND, 1919. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OOM, MEDICAL 
 
 > 
 1 
 
 I 
 UNIVERSITY. 
 
 SRARY 
 
 LIB 
 
 > 
 ‘1 
 
 OF OSLEI 
 
 (WAY 
 
 Doo! 
 
 
 
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 Mc 
 

 
 
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 pe ap ae PEER S08 egy > raul e e i 
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 een 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 
 
 
 
 McGiuL UNIVERSITY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO 
 
 (1870-1884) 
 
 (1867-69) 
 
 
 
 OXFORD UNIVERSITY 
 
 (1905-1919) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jouns Horxins UNIVERSITY 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 (1885-1889) 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF 
 
 (1890-1904) 
 
 Arms, or Seals, of the five Universities which were the scene of 
 
 Coats of 
 
 Osler’s academic activities. 
 
 
 
 463 
 
aby get Mey 
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 ——- 
 
 
 
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 THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE 
 TORONTO 
 
 THE JOHNSON CABINETS IN THE OSLER 
 COLLECTION AT THE ACADEMY OF 
 MEDICINE, TORONTO 
 
 JABEZ H. Exuiorr, M.B. 
 
 Toronto 
 
 N Osler’s writings, and in his intimate conversations and 
 addresses, repeated reference is made to the influence on his 
 career of his three great teachers, to whom he dedicated his 
 “Practice.” From the Rev. W. A. Johnson, (1816-1880), 
 Warden of Trinity College School he received his early training 
 in natural history and microscopy, and at this school, through 
 his eagerness and enthusiasm over these subjects, he first met 
 James Bovell, (1817-1880), who became his preceptor in medi- 
 cine. The story of the influence of these teachers on the young 
 Osler has been well told by Cushing in his “Life,” and by Gwyn 
 in his article in this memorial volume. 
 
 There are sixty pages of Cushing in which there are numerous 
 references to Johnson as an artist who sketched well, as a wood 
 carver, a scientist, a nature lover who delighted in the woods in 
 springtime, an omnivorous naturalist interested in everything. 
 He had, further, that real gift of imparting his knowledge and his 
 enthusiasm to others, a trait which became well developed in his 
 student. “His field notebook with the tabulation of his micro- 
 scopic slides all carefully enumerated and indexed, tells the story 
 better than words, and it is a pity that it cannot be quoted in full, 
 particularly during the year when the young Osler begins to appear 
 on its pages. ’’* 
 
 The microscope case, “‘ with its many tempting little drawers, ”’ 
 
 *Cushing’s “‘ Life of Osler” vol. i, p. 37. 
 465 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 Sapte = 
 
 Sit 6 ee 
 — a 
 
 
 
 —— = - 
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 466 JoHnson CABINETS IN OSLER COLLECTION—ELLIOTT 
 
 and the collection of slides, over which the young Osler worked 
 with Johnson and Bovell, and to which he contributed both as a 
 student at Trinity College School and later, has been preserved, 
 It seems fitting that this wonderful cabinet, the work of W. A. 
 Johnson’s own hands, should have a place of honour in close 
 relation to the bibliography of Osler’s writings on biological 
 subjects. The photograph shows it as.it now stands in the 
 Osler Collection in the Academy of Medicine, Toronto. 
 
 To what extent Osler was responsible for the amalgamation 
 of the Toronto Clinical Society, the Toronto Medical Society, and 
 the Toronto Pathological Society with the Ontario Medical 
 
 Library Association to form the Academy of Medicine, Toronto, 
 
 we can not say positively. He may have made the suggestion. 
 We do know that after he met representative members of those 
 Medical Societies at the residence of his friend Dr. J. E. Graham, 
 and spoke on the desirability of union, such a union was soon 
 consummated. The Academy building stands at the corner of 
 Grosvenor Street and Queen’s Park. One afternoon, not long 
 before his fatal illness, Dr. Arthur Jukes Johnston, in conversa- 
 tion with a small group of us within the Academy, related that 
 it was on that corner talking to him that Osler made his decision 
 to give up his course in arts, which had been preparation for the 
 Church, and begin the study of medicine. And now within the 
 Academy, beside the spot where Osler made the decision fraught 
 with unforeseen results in the development of clinical medicine 
 in America and England, repose the microscope, the slides with 
 their catalogue, the working tools, the field notes, the journals, 
 the drawings, and many of the reference text books of W. A. 
 Johnson which tell the story of Osler’s introduction to biology. 
 In this collection we have most of the story of the influences, 
 outside Bovell, which turned Osler to the study of medicine. 
 The student of Osler’s life must see this remarkable collection if 
 he wishes to know at first hand of the work of Johnson and the 
 early days of Osler’s studies in science. The journals, with 
 Johnson’s extensive notes of observations in the fields, the swamps, 
 the marshes and rivulets, in botany, entomology, parasitology, 
 ornithology, geology, osteology, comparative anatomy a? 
 
 related and unrelated branches of science are a mine of informa- 
 tion regarding the time spent by these tireless students of nature 
 in fields outside the regular college work. There are beautiful 
 
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 JOHNSON CABINETS IN OSLER COLLECTION—ELLIOTT 467 
 
 sketches in pencil and in water colour of microscopic specimens 
 and of plant life which well illustrate the artist gift of this great 
 teacher. The microtome, reagent bottles, staining dishes, dis- 
 secting tools, the stores of slides, cover glasses and mounting 
 materials tell the story of long hours spent on the cabinet and its 
 perfect specimens. 
 
 Here may be seen all the slides mentioned by Cushing in his 
 “Life”? not even excepting the preparations of ‘‘ Nebuchadnez- 
 zar’s cat.”’ 
 
 The main headings in the classified index of the catalogue of 
 slides in the larger cabinet are as follows, (the dates are 1858 to 
 1873): 
 
 (1) Entozoa, Acari, Parasites, etc. 
 (2) Skin, Bone, Hoof, Claws, Teeth, Papille. 
 (3) Feathers, Scales. 
 (4) Hair, Spines. 
 (5) Insects, (Whole). 
 (6) Eggs. 
 (7) Head and parts. 
 (8) Body, etc., of Insects. 
 (9) Feet, Legs, etc., Spiracles, Stings, Wings, Trachee. 
 (10) Stomata, etc. 
 (11) Internal Structures, Stomachs, Intestines, Introt. Organs, etc., 
 Muscle. 
 (12) Cartilage, Nerve, Muscle, Internal Structures, Human, Animal, 
 etc. 
 (13) Shell structures. 
 (14) Algee. 
 (15) Diatomacez. 
 (16) Desmids. 
 (17) Ferns, Equisetacee. 
 (18) Leaves, Flowers, Seeds. 
 (19) Mosses, Lichens, Fungi. 
 (20) Rust, Mould, etc., etc. 
 (21) Wood, Roots. 
 (22) Crystals. 
 (23) Fossils and Stones, Metals, Earths, Wood. 
 (24) Photographs and Miscellaneous. 
 
 The cabinets illustrated with this article were the gift to the 
 Academy of Dr. Arthur Jukes Johnson, and now (August, 1925), 
 the Academy has received from Dr. James Bovell Johnson, 
 the “Jimmy” of the catalogues, a third cabinet with its hundreds 
 of slides similarly catalogued with explanatory notes. With this 
 are two unbound volumes of water colours of birds, beasts and 
 reptiles of India with explanatory text. These are dated about 
 1801 and 1802, and appear to be the work of W. A. Johnson’s 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 468 JoHNsON CABINETS IN OSLER COLLECTION—ELLIOTT 
 
 father, Col. John Johnson, C.B., who was quartermaster-general to 
 the Bombay forces, was formerly aide-de-camp to Wellesley, and 
 rising to the rank of full colonel had a distinguished military career 
 in India. These beautiful drawings indicate that W. A. Johnson’s 
 love of natural history and his abilities as an artist were doubtless 
 inherited from, and fostered by his father. 
 
 The journals form a most interesting record of the finding of 
 plants which have quite disappeared from the immediate neigh- 
 bourhood of Toronto. Year after year we have the dates of 
 flowering of the cypripediums, the showy orchis, the calopogon, 
 pogonia, arethusa, calypso and a hundred other plants, many of 
 which have been sketched in water colour, the coming and going 
 of the song birds, the flight of the wild pigeon, of the woodcock, 
 the partridge and the wild goose. He is another White of Sel- 
 borne. ‘The sun at 5.30 a.m. exhibited three distinct parhelia 
 so bright as to be readily mistaken, from a window, for the sun 
 itself,’? and a sketch appears on the margin. August 2nd, 1864 
 has over a page describing the army worm and how one Sunday 
 afternoon it laid waste twenty-five acres of a neighbouring farm 
 “March 22nd, 1865, Chara vulg. This plant in great quantities 
 was washed down the river ip the late flood. Put a terminal 
 portion under the microscope and saw the circulation very dis- 
 tinctly...... ’? This is followed by a wonderful word picture 
 of the Humber river in flood, of which we can only quote the 
 opening sentence. ‘The Humber, which in summer is a gentle 
 meandering stream, finding its way to the lake by a thousand 
 tortuous turns and bends from side to side of its banks, wending 
 its weary way round the corners of numberless pieces of lime stone, 
 some large, but for the most part broken flat bits, its waters scarcely 
 sufficient to remove the slimy coat of alge from the lovely speci- 
 mens of orthoceratites and leptina and only now and then washing 
 bright as with varnish the surface of a beautiful specimen of graph- 
 tolite or some other of the almost microscopic encrinites with 
 now and then a little shallow pool to protect for a moment or 
 two the frightened minnows from the clutches of the active 
 school children who delight to paddle among its cool and temp- 
 tingly smooth stones, is now swollen to a mighty river.” 
 
 “ August 7th, 1867. Telegraphed to W. Osler at Dundas to 
 meet me at boat at Hamilton. He was there and drove me to 
 
 
 
\ 5 
 
 JOHNSON CABINETS IN OSLER COLLECTION—ELLIOTY 469 
 
 Panaas.:.... Went with Willy Osler to the Canal where he 
 showed me beautiful specimens of a polyp attached to the timber 
 of the wharf. Its ova are those of cristatella mucedo; but I was 
 unable to examine the beautiful cilia. I brought home, also, a 
 large variety of Chara which grows in eight or ten feet of water.’’ 
 
 There are other references to expeditions with Osler with 
 notes of their observations and finds. 
 
 Johnson sought aid in identification of his specimens whenever 
 he could. The entry under February 9th, 1869, reads: ‘‘ Wrote 
 Dr. Packard to-day about insects and sent him sketch of the 
 Lepiomede with a kind of pulex, asking him about it. I find the 
 larve which I take to be those of Simulium molestum live on 
 Diatoms. The stomachs are full of Meridion and Bacillaria. 
 What have the tentacles to do in capturing this kind of food? 
 Sometimes they are full of Diatoms or four or five Diatoms 
 caught as it were in them.”’ 
 
 These few extracts from Johnson’s journals will indicate the 
 nature of some of his natural history observations. Many 
 pages tell of his Church troubles, while here and there is much 
 sound philosophy. 
 
 These cabinets with their contents form a permanent mem- 
 orial of the indefatigable industry and ability of Osler’s first great 
 teacher William Arthur Johnson, Priest of the Parish of Weston, 
 Ontario. 
 
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 470 JoHNSON CABINETS IN OSLER COLLECTION—ELLIoT? 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE W. A. JOHNSON CABINETS 
 NO. 1 AND NO. 2 
 
 CABINET No. 1 7 
 (See lower cabinet in Fig. I for interior, also Fig. II for exterior 
 
 On a table 22 by 39 inches, surface 28% inches from the floor, stands a 
 walnut cabinet—outside end measurement 10 inches by 24% inches hig 
 the front of which is a door 23% by 36 inches, which is hinged below igh 
 falls on the projecting part of table before the cabinet as the front of a desk, 
 This front is in three panels, each panel outlined with beaded moulding. At 
 either end of the table is a drawer. 
 
 The cabinet is divided into four sections by three upright partitions, one 
 on the left of five inches clear, the next of eight inches, and the two on the 
 right ten inches each. 
 
 The upright compartment to the left has a drawer below, in which are 
 small crucibles, section lifters, lead block and other accessories; above this is 
 a shelf containing a pad of drawing paper. Above this another compartment 
 with three trays, each of which holds five glass salt-cellars. Here, too, is a 
 condenser (Bull’s eye) and other accessories for the microscope. The upper 
 tray contains mounting materials, and cover glass pressure clamps. An early 
 type of microtome fits into guides below. 
 
 In the next upright compartment stands the microscope; sliding shelves 
 about the long tubes are perforated to hold numerous eye-pieces and object- 
 glasses of various sizes, while a tray above holds many other accessories for 
 the microscope including a camera lucida, polarizing and reflecting prisms, 
 and a metal reflector for opaque objects. 
 
 The two right hand compartments are almost symmetrical, each having 
 a three inch drawer below, above this a 114 inch tray, then a row of four 
 specimen boxes standing 214 inches high and each exhibiting, when the 
 sliding sides are removed, four sections for slides each holding eight slides. 
 Each box has four depressions for labels to indicate the catalogue number 
 of the slides within. Above these are eight slide trays, each slotted to hold 
 three rows of twenty-five slides which stand at an angle of sixty degrees that 
 they may be more readily seen. Above these is another row of four closed 
 specimen boxes similar to those below. The lower trays are fitted with smaller 
 _ trays and compartments, in which are fine scissors, scalpels, dissecting needles, 
 brushes, cover slips, mounting block, hollow cells, watch glasses, ijection 
 syringes, strop, etc. One of the drawers at the base is fitted to hold a stock 
 of slide covers, working equipment, unmounted specimens, ete., the other has 
 glass stoppered vials for stains and mounting solutions. = 
 
 The cabinet is fitted for 1,125 slides in the open trays, and for 512 slides 
 in the closed specimen boxes. As received by the Academy from the Estate 
 of the late A. J. Johnston, the cabinet contained 1,131 slides. There 1s 4 
 complete catalogue with many descriptive and source notes. 
 
 CaBINeT No. 2 
 (See upper cabinet in Fig. I) 
 
 On the top of the desk cabinet is a slide cabinet of cherry, a inside 
 measurement of which is sixteen inches high, twenty-four inches Vie iin 
 nine inches deep. It is divided into three upright compartments, each holaing 
 
 rs f twenty-six slides each, 
 twelve sliding trays. These trays hold two rows of twenty ot aie, 
 
 again on an angle of sixty degrees. The cabinet is thus made 
 but contains approximately only 455 slides. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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 made panelling of the doors, Johnson's own work throughout. 
 
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 Fig. III.—Early slides prepared by Osler and presented to Johnson. 
 The upper is labelled ‘‘Pleurosigma attenuatum, ete., etc., etc., from outlet 
 of Grenadier Pond, 26/9/29. W. O.”’ The lower “Trichina Spiralis from & 
 man who died in T. G. H. (Toronto General Hospital), 3/3/70. W. 0. 
 Early examples of the well-known signature W. 0. These are cut in the slide 
 with a diamond. 
 
 
 
CLASSIFIED AND ANNOTATED 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER, Bart., F.R.S., etc. 
 
 (Based on the Chronological Bibliography by Minnie Wright Blogg) 
 
 Compiled, augmented and annotated by Maude E. Abbott, 
 Montreal; E. B. Krumbhaar, Philadelphia; Minnie Wright 
 Blogg, Baltimore; and Archibald Malloch, Montreal. Edited 
 by Fielding H. Garrison and Henry W. Cattell, Washington. 
 
 ‘|. «To be of value to the full-fed student of to-day, a bibliography 
 should be a Catalogue raisonné, with judicious remarks and explanations.’’ 
 
 —WILLIAM OSLER 
 
 “<  s-What then do these men not owe to him who gathers up their 
 works, and in so doing recalls their achievements, and thus labours to lift 
 that icy pall of oblivion which descends upon everything human. oe 
 
 —JouN FERGUSON, Bibliotheca Chemica. (Quoted 
 by Oster, 7'r. Bibl, Soc., 1916, xiv, 134). 
 
 471 
 
 
 
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 NOTE 
 
 HE classified bibliography of Osler’s writings which follows 
 
 is based on Miss Minnie Wright Blogg’s ‘‘ Bibliography of the 
 Writings of Sir William Osler’’ (revised and enlarged edition, 
 1921, from the original publication in 1919) and Dr. Maude 8. 
 Abbott’s ‘‘Classified Bibliography of Sir William Osler’s Can- 
 adian Period (1920)’’. These references heretofore published 
 have been augmented, verified and annotated by the various 
 collaborators named on the title-page, and are grouped, under 
 the four periods of Sir William Osler’s academic activities, as 
 follows: 
 
 Canadian (Toronto and Montreal, 1869-1884). 
 American, I (Philadelphia, 1885-1889). 
 American, II (Baltimore, 1890-1904). 
 English (Oxford, 1905-1919). 
 
 The material of these four periods has been further divided, 
 split by years, into seven rubrics, namely: 
 
 I. Natural Science (including Original Research). 
 (See also III. Clinical medicine). (pp. 473-478.) 
 
 _ 1. Comparative. (pp. 479-482.) 
 il. Fatholoey: > ‘cea - (ee, re 
 
 III. Clinical medicine (including original descriptions 
 of diseases and symptoms). (pp. 513-539.) 
 
 IV. Literary Papers, History, Biography, Bibliography. 
 (pp. 560-575.) 
 
 V. Medical Education, Medical Societies, and Medical 
 Profession. (pp. 576-592.) 
 
 VI. Public Welfare Activities (including European 
 War.) (pp. 593-601.) 
 
 VII. Volumes Edited. (pp. 602-606.) 
 
 The annotations have been made in accordance with Osler’s 
 
 expressed preference for bio-bibliographical presentation rather | 
 than dry lists of titles. The illustrations are drawn chiefly 
 
 from the articles or monographs which represent his actual 
 original contributions in the field of clinical medicine. 
 472 
 
 
 
 OO 
 
 
 
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CLASSIFIED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER’S PUBLICATIONS 
 WITH ANNOTATIONS 
 
 (1869-1919) 
 
 Original articles in heavy type. 
 
 { C.r.: Collected reprints. 
 
 Abbreviations: | Sevk> Reverted. a. 
 
 . NATURAL SCIENCE, INCLUDING ORIGINAL 
 RESEARCH 
 
 (Sree ALSo IIT. CrinicaL MEDICINE) 
 
 CANADIAN PERIOD 
 (1869-1884) 
 
 1869 
 
 Christmas and the microscope. Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip: an Illustrated 
 Medium of Interchange and Gossip for Students and Lovers of Natwre, 
 Lond., 1869, v, 44. 
 
 The earliest of Osler’s signed publications, as evidenced by the follow- 
 ing statement in his own handwriting, found by his literary executors 
 among his private papers: ‘‘I was always fond of beginning with a 
 quotation, . . . . and it is amusing to note, even at the very 
 start of my ink-pot career, a fondness for tags of quotation, this one 
 from. Horace, in those days a familiar friend (Science Gossip) ,’’ 
 (Fig. 1.) 
 1870 
 
 Canadian diatomacee. Canad. Naturalist & Quart. J. S., Montreal, 1870-71, 
 Nn. 8. Vv, 142-151. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 1.] 
 
 Osler’s first scientific article, published while still an undergraduate 
 in the Toronto School of Medicine. Gives a minute and scientific 
 description of their ‘‘life-history and structure,’’ with a list of 109 
 species, grouped under 29 genera, found by him near Dundas, his 
 boyhood home. Acknowledges the aid of Rev. Ww. A. Johnson of 
 Weston, and Prof. James Bovell of Trinity College, Toronto. 
 
 1873 
 
 Ueber einige im Blute vorhandene bakterien-bildende Massen. (With 
 E. A. Schifer). Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., Berl., 1873, xi, 577-578. 
 Abstr., J. Anat. § Physiol., Lond., 1873-74, viii, 198. 
 A preliminary communication. 
 
 473 
 34 
 
 
 
 
 

 
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 474 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Oster 
 
 On the action of certain reagents, atropia, physostigma and curare on 
 the colourless blood-corpuscles. (Presented London Medical Miero- 
 scopical Society, May 16, 1873.) Proc. Royal Soc., Lond., 1873-74, xxii, 
 391-398. Also, Quart. J. Micr. Soc., Lond., 1873, n. s., xiii, 307-309, 
 Also, Month. Micr. J., Lond., 1873, x, 102-103. Abstr.: J. Anat. & 
 Physiol., 1873-74, viii, 232. Also, Brit. M. J., Lond., 1873, ii, 636. [In 
 his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 2.] 
 
 1874 
 
 An account of certain organisms occurring in the liquor sanguinis, (Com- 
 municated by Prof. J. Burdon Sanderson, received May 6, 1874.) Proe. 
 Roy Soc., Lond., 1873-74, xxii, 391-398. Also, Month. Micr. J., 1874, xii, 
 141-148 (one plate of 9 fig.). Also, Collected Papers, Physiol. Lab., Univ. 
 Coll., Lond., 1874-75. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 3.] 
 
 An account of work done with Mr. Edward Schifer, in the Physiologi- 
 eal Laboratory, University College, London, under Professor J. Burdon 
 Sanderson, on the form and movement of the blood platelets. 
 
 1876 
 
 Trichina spiralis. (Extract from a lecture on animal parasites and 
 their relation to public health, being one of the Somerville Lectures of | 
 the Natural History Society of Montreal.) Canad. J. M. Sc., Toronto, 
 1876, i, 134-135; 175-176. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No, 11.] 
 
 Relates personal observation of two cases in 1870 in the dissecting-room 
 
 and five experiments done by himself on two rabbits, a cat and two 
 
 dogs, the last one on a rabbit being successful. Also describes 
 
 a case of trichiniasis seen in Traube’s Clinic at Berlin during November, _ 
 
 1873. j 
 1877 
 
 *Verminous bronchitis in dogs. (Read before the Montreal Veterinary 
 Medical Association, Mar. 29, 1877. Rept. Veterinarian, 1877, 1, 108.) 
 Veterinarian, Lond., 1877, 1, 387-397. Abstr.: Centralbl. f. d. med, Wis- 
 sensch., Berl., 1878, xvi, 58. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 12.] 
 
 Gives an account of an epidemic at the Montreal Hunt Club based on 
 fifteen eases with eight autopsies, description and figuration of parasite, — 
 which he here discovered, and which has since borne his name (filara 
 Osleré.) 
 
 1878 
 
 Demonstration of microscopic illustrations with various forms of illumina- 
 
 tions under high and low powers. (Presented, Natural History Soct 
 
 ety, Montreal, Feb. 25, 1878.) Canad. Naturalist, Montreal, 1878, 2.8, 
 vili, 444. . a 
 Dr. Osler was on the committee of arrangements, and over thirty m 
 struments were exhibited. 
 
 Ueber die Entwickelung von Blutkérperchen im Knochenmark bei per- 
 nicidser Animie. Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., Berl., 1878, xv, 
 465-467. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 21.] | 
 
 1881 i 
 
 Supplementary note on Canadian fresh-water Polyzoa. (Presented, 
 Natural History Society, Montreal, Jan. 21, 1881.) Canad. Naturalist, 
 Montreal, 1881, n. s., ix, 473. 
 
 Supplements his paper on the Canadian Freshwater Polyzoa read before 
 the Society in January, 1877 (listed below under date of publication). 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 

 
 MICROSCOPY. 
 
 ‘WRISTMAS AND THE Microscore.— 
 Nec jam sustineant onus, 
 Sylve laborantes, geluqne 
 Flumina constiterint acuto, 
 
 ht well be said of Canadian woods and streams 
 his season of the year. The earth has put on 
 winter robes, and under them she hides most of 
 se objects which in summer please and delight 
 0 much. Acheerless prospect for microscopists, 
 would think. So I thought, as on Christmas 
 moon I sallied out with bottles and stick in 
 ch of diatoms, infusoria, snow-peas, &c., thoug) 
 lid not expect to be very successful. After 
 dering about for some time, searching vainly for 
 unfrozen stream, I was about to return home 
 h empty bottles, when I suddenly bethought my- 
 of an old spring which supplied several families 
 water, and which I knew therefore would be 
 rozen. Inthis country, wherever there is a good 
 ing some kind individual sinks a barrel for the 
 efit of the community at large, and thereby 
 efits microscopists in no small degree, for in 
 e you are generally sure to find a good supply 
 nicroscopic objects. When I got to the sprmg 
 first thing that greeted my sight was a piece of 
 e floating on the top of the water, and on a 
 er examination of the barrel I saw that the sides 
 a dark-brown coating, in which I knew diatoms 
 infusoria would be found. Scraping some of 
 off, I placed it in a bottle and retraced my steps 
 ward, well satisfied with my afternoon’s walk. 
 ting home at that unfavourable time for work- 
 just as the light is beginning to fail, I had to 
 cise my patience and wait till evening to see 
 t my bottle contained. I had not long to wait, 
 arkhess soon succeeds the light here : so when I 
 got a lamp lighted, I proceeded to exarnine my 
 ls. A short account of the things I found may 
 be- uninteresting to English readers of the 
 ENCE-GossiP, as it will give them some idea of 
 t lovers of science meet with in this country. 
 
 mn putting a slide under the microscope before I 
 
 it properly focussed, I saw the dim outline of 
 little creature kicking and struggling as though 
 
 ere caught inanet. It turned out to be one of 
 Tardigrada, or little water-bears, that bad got 
 
 eet entangled in the gelatinous tube of the 
 
 jonenia prostratum. It was with great difficulty 
 
 At freed itself from the jelly, and then it began 
 
 low and stately walk, which formed such a con- 
 
 t-with the quick, lively movements of the 
 
 alcules with which it was surrounded. The 
 
 ¢ water-bears are by no means common objects 
 
 Us, but it ouly makes them the more accept- 
 
 when we chance to get ‘them. The Excyonena 
 
 lratum seems to delight in these quiet water- 
 
 Fie 1.—Facsimile of Osler’s first pubtiswed article. 
 
 HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 
 
 ~_——— 
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 rt sneer ene errs steeetesten 
 
 —_— — 
 
 [Frs. 1, 1869. 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 barrels, though it is occasionally found on the 
 wave-washed Cladophora of ourlakes. They always 
 remind me of the manner in which peccaries sleep, 
 packed closely together in hollow logs. Ihave seen 
 the Eacyonema shoot out of its tube, but whether 
 it can find its way back again or not I do not know. 
 Two species of Euglene were very plentiful, viz., 
 the Z. viridis and EF. acus. They are found here in 
 the spring in such numbers as to give to the water 
 they are in a dark green colour. The Paramectun 
 aurelia and Kolpoda cucullus were in great abun- 
 dance. Among other Infusoria were the 4mphileptus 
 anser, twe species of Vorticelline and the Leucophrys 
 patula, Of Desmids there were three species: 
 Closterium acerosum, Cosmarium undulatum, and 
 Scenedesmus quadricauda, Of Diatoms, besides the: 
 Excyonema, the following species were present : 
 Gomphonema coronatum, G. minutissinum, Melosira 
 carians (Thwaites), Fragillaria rhabdosoma, Meridon 
 vernale, Navicula amphirhynchus, Nlibrile, Hyalosira 
 rectangula, Synedra splendens, Cymbella gastroides, 
 and some others.—W. Osler, Dundas, Ontario. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 475 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 476 I. NatTurRAL SCIENCE, ETC.—CANADIAN Pzriop 
 
 1882 
 
 Bizzozero’s new blood element and its relation to thrombus formation, 
 (Presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Feb. 17, 1882, 498- 
 499.) Rept. Canada M. §& 8. J., Montreal, 1881-82, x, 499-500. Also 
 Med. News, Phila., 1882, xl, 250. j 
 
 This preparation was made from a specimen of atheroma of the aorta 
 which was also shown at this meeting (listed below under Rubric 
 II. 2), and which is figured among the illustrations of his Cartwright 
 Lectures ‘‘On certain problems in the physiology of the blood 
 corpuscles.’’ gq. v. wmfra, 
 
 The third corpuscle of the blood. (Presented, Am. Ass. Ady. Sci., 
 Montreal, Aug. 28, 1882.) Med. News, Phila., 1883, xliii, 701-702. [In 
 his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 57.] Also, translation under title, Ueber den 
 dritten Formabestandteil des Blutes. Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., 
 Berl., 1882, xx, 529-531. [Abstr., Tr. Am. Ass. Adv. Sci., Salem, Mass., 
 1883, xxxi, 511.] [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 47.] 
 
 Note on cells containing red blood corpuscles. (Presented, Am. Ass. 
 Adv. Se., Montreal, Aug. 23, 1882.) Tr. Am. Ass. Adv. S8c., Salem, 
 Mass., 1883, xxxi, 511. Also, Lancet, Lond., 1882, i, 181. 
 
 1883 
 
 On the brain as a thinking organ. (Somerville Lecture, Montreal, March 3, 
 1881.) Canad. Naturalist, Montreal, 1883, x, 109. 
 
 Biology notes. I. On a remarkable vital phenomenon observed at Lake — 
 Memphremagog; II. On the occurrence of Ophirydium versatile; U1 
 On the distribution of Pectinatella magnifica in Canada. Canad. 
 Naturalist, Montreal, 1883, n. s., x, 251-252. 
 
 The development of blood-corpuscles in the bone-marrow. (Presented, 
 American Association for Advancement Science, Montreal, Aug. 28, 
 1882.)_ Rept. Tr. Ass. Adv. Sc., Salem, Mass., 1883, xxxi, 512. Also, 
 (by title) Canad. Naturalist, Montreal, 1883, n. s., x, 389. 
 
 On Canadian fresh-water polyzoa. (Presented, Natural History Society, 
 Montreal, Jan. 29, 1877.) Canad. Naturalist, Montreal, 1883, n. 8. % 
 399-406. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 53.] . 
 
 Researches made in the summer of 1867 with Rev. W. A. Johnson and 
 in 1868 under Prof. Hincks of Toronto University. 
 
 On certain parasites in the blood of the frog. (Presented before the 
 Microscopical Society of Montreal, Nov., 1882. Rept. L’Umon méd. 
 du Canada, Montreal, 1882, xi, 606.) Canad. Naturalist, Montreal, 
 1883, n. s., x, 406-410 (5 fig.) Referred to under title ‘‘Blood Parasites 
 of Frogs,’’ N. Y. M. J., 1899, lxix, 63-64. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, No. 52.] 
 
 Demonstrates and classifies in the frog (Rana mugiens) the Try- 
 panosoma Sanguints (Grubby) and the Drepandiwm ranarum 
 (Lankester). | 
 
 Note on the microcytes in the blood and their probable origin. Tr. Am. 
 Ass. Adv. Sc., Salem, Mass., 1883, xxxi, 512-513. 
 1884 
 
 The brain of the seal. (Presented, Natural History Society, Montreal, 
 Nov. 26, 1883.) Canad. Rec. Nat. Sc., Montreal, 1884, i, 64. 
 
 ‘<Tlustrated by many prepared specimens.’’ 
 
 
 
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 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLER 477 
 
 PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 
 (1885-1889) 
 
 1886 
 
 On certain problems in the physiology of the blood-corpuscles. I. The 
 blood-plaque or third corpuscle; II. Degeneration and regeneration of 
 the corpuscles; III. *The relation of the corpuscles to coagulation and 
 thrombosis. (The Cartwright Lectures, delivered before the Associa- 
 tion of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, March 23, 27 and 30, 1886.) 
 Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 365-370 (6 illus.) ; 393-399 (11 illus.); 
 421-424 (7 illus.). Also, Med. Rec., N. Y., 1886, xxix, 377-381 (6 illus.) ; 
 405-410 (11 illus.) ; 433-436 (7 illus.). Abstr., Brit. M. J., Lond., 1886, 
 i, 807-877 (4 fig.); 861-863 (11 fig.): Canada M. g§ 8S. J., Montreal, 
 1885-86, xiv, 605-611: The Epitome, 1886-87, vii, 209. [In his: C. r., 
 1882-92, 11, No. 71.} (Fig. 2.) 
 
 These important lectures, based on original research, begun in 1882 
 on the blood-plates of Bizzozero (hzematoblasts of Hayem), established 
 Osler’s reputation as an original investigator. The aggregation of 
 blood platelets which takes place as soon as the blood is withdrawn 
 from the body is known as Osler’s phenomenon. In his own words 
 here published: ‘‘I was the first to observe, in 1881, that in the most 
 superficial part of the white thrombi, the blood-plaques were present. ’”’ 
 
 Experimental transfusion. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1886, xlviii, 382. 
 
 Reviews work of Bizzozero on dogs showing that transfusion of the 
 defibrinated blood of animals of same species is not injurious. 
 
 The blood plaque. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 
 437-438. 
 
 On his own Cartwright. Lectures, the last of which appears in this issue. 
 
 The relation of the corpuscles to coagulation and thrombosis. 8rtt. 
 M. J., Lond., 1886, i, 917-919. 
 
 1889 
 
 On phagocytes. (Address, Alumni Association of Bellevue Hospital, 
 New York, April 3, 1889.) Med. News, Phila., 1889, liv, 393-396; 421- 
 425. Also, Med. Kec., N: Y., 1889, xxxv, 393-399: New York M. J,, 
 1889, xlix, 393-400. Abstr.: [by Kral.] Centralbl. f. Bakt. w. Parasitenk., 
 Jena., 1890, vii, 103-104. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 94.] 
 
 BALTIMORE PERIOD 
 (1890-1905) 
 
 1899 
 
 Blood parasites of frogs. (Letter from Baltimore dated Jan. 9, 1899.) 
 N. York M. J., 1899, Ixix, 63-64. 
 
 Refers to the article in the Canadian Naturalist, 1883, x, 406-410, in 
 
 which Osler described and figured the Trypanosoma and Trepanidium. 
 
 1905 
 
 Resumé of history of blood platelets. (Delivered Johns Hopkins Hos 
 pital Medical Society, Mar. 6, 1905.) Rept. Johns Ilopkins Hosp. Bull., 
 Balt., 1905, xvi, 200. 
 
 *Two of the illustrations figured here are from specimens of aneurism now in 
 
 the Pathological Museum of McGill University, (Museum Nos. 15.7512 and 
 151.6785, This is stated below the cuts in the article. M. E. A. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 CARTWRIGHT LECTURES. 
 ON CERTAIN PROBLEMS IN THE PHYSIOLOGY 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OF THE BLOOD CORPUSCLES 
 
 Delivered before the 
 
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 New York, March 23d, 27th, and 30th 
 
 
 
 I. THE BLOOD PLAQUE OR THIRD CORPUSCLE. 
 
 II DEGENERATION AND REGENERATION OF THE CORPUSCLES 
 III. THE RELATION OF THE CORPUSCLES TO COAGULATION, 
 
 BY 
 WILLIAM OSLER, M.D., 
 
 PROFESSOR OF CLINICAL 
 
 MEDICIN& IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 FELLOW OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, LONDON ; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 REPRINTED FROM | 
 THE MEDICAL NEWS, 
 
 
 
 April 3, 10, 17, 1886. 
 
 
 
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Il. PATHOLOGY—1. COMPARATIVE 
 (VETERINARY MEDICINE) 
 (SE ALSO I. ORIGINAL RESEARCH.) 
 CANADIAN PERIOD 
 (1876-1884) 
 
 1876 
 
 The relation of animals to man. (Inaugural Address delivered at Mon- 
 treal Veterinary College, Oct. 4, 1876.) Vet. J. & Ann. Comp. Path., 
 1876, iii, 465-466. 
 
 1877 
 
 Diptheria in the calf. (Retrospect.) Am. Vet. Rev., N. Y., 1877-78, i, 
 101-103. 
 
 Hemoglobinuria in horses. (Retrospect of an article by Bollinger.) Am. 
 Vet. Rev., N. Y., 1877-78, i, 135-138; 169-171. 
 
 On changes in the brain in hydrophobia (Retrospect, initialled, of an 
 article by Benedict. Virch. Arch. Berl., 1875, 557.) Am. Vet. Kevw., 
 N. Y., 1877, i, 297-298. Also, Veterinarian, Lond., 1878, li, 297-298. 
 
 1878 
 
 On the pathology of the so-called pig typhoid. (Presented at the Path- 
 ological Society of New York, Jan. 23, 1878.) Vet. J.g Ann. Comp, Path., 
 Lond., 1878, vi, 385-402. Also, Veterinarian, Lond., 1878, li. Also, 
 Lond., Bailliére, Tindall & Cox, 20 p. 8°. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 
 20.] 
 
 Comparative pathology. (Opening lecture at Montreal Veterinary Col- 
 lege, Oct. 1, 1878.) Rept. Vet. J. g& Ann. Comp, Path. Lond., 1878, 
 vii, 405. 
 
 Report of British National Veterinary Congress of 1881. (Presented at 
 Montreal Veterinary Medical Association, Oct. 25, 1881.) Rept. Vet. J. 
 § Ann. Comp. Path., Lond., 1881, xiii, 433. 
 
 [Description of a method for placing medium sized animals on the 
 table.} (Presented Montreal Veterinary Medical Association, Nov. 7, 
 1878. Rept. Vet. J. & Ann. Comp. Path., Lond., 1878, vii, 408. 
 
 The method was one in use at the Brown Institute in London. 
 
 1879 
 
 Heart and bony sclerotic of a sword-fish. (Specimen presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Aug. 22, 1879.) Rept. Canada M. Kec., 
 Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 336. 
 
 1882 
 
 I. Bronchitis in a calf—purulent bronchiectasy; II. Glanders [in head of 
 horse]; III. Verminous aneurism [in horse.] (Specimens presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Feb. 17, 1882.) Rept. Med. 
 News, Phila., 1882, xl, 250-251. IL. and III. Rept. Canada M. ¢ 8. J., 
 
 479 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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 480 CLASSIFIED ANNCTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Osizr 
 
 Montreal, 1881-82, x, 500-501. III. Presented again at Medico-Chirurgi- 
 eal Society of Montreal, Nov. 17, 1882. Rept. Canada M. ¢ 8. J., Mon- 
 treal, 1882-83, xi, 356. 
 
 [Amphistoma conicum in paunch of cow.] (Specimen presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Oct. 20, 1882.) Rept. Canada M. ¢ 
 S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 298. Also, Med. News, Phila., 1882, xli, 580. 
 
 1883 
 
 Cestode tuberculosis. A successful experiment in producing it in the 
 ealf. (With A. W. Clement, veterinary student. Presented, Montreal 
 Veterinary Association, Jan. 19, 1881.) Rept. Am. Vet. Rev. N. Y., 
 1882, vi, 6-12. Also, Vetermartan, Lond., 1882, xiv, 288. [In his: C.r,, 
 1882-92, ii, No. 49.] 
 
 Lungs of a horse which had died of pneumonia following epidemic influenza. 
 (Specimen presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Feb. 2, 
 1883.). Canada M. § 8S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 498. 
 
 An investigation into the parasites in the pork supply of Montreal. 
 (With A. W. Clement, Student. Presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society 
 of Montreal, and the Montreal Board of Health, Jan. 12, 1883. Canada 
 M. §& S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 325-336. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, 
 No. 54.] 
 
 (La trichine et la trichinose, by Joannes Chatin.) Paris: J.-B. Bailliére 
 et fils, 1883, 8°. (Initialled book review.) Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1883, 
 n. 8., Ixxxvi, 227-229. 
 
 1884 
 
 Pneumo-enteritis of the hog. (Specimen presented, Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society of Montreal, Jan. 11, 1884.) Rept. Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 
 1883-84, xii, 429. 
 
 Portion of muscle, intestine, and kidney from horse dying of toxic he- 
 moglobinuria or azoturia. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society of Montreal, Feb. 15, 1884.) Rept. Canada M. ¢ 8. J., Montreal, 
 1883-84, xii, 545. Also, Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 156. 
 
 * Actinomykosis [in jaw of cow.] (Specimen presented, Medico-Chirurgical 
 of Montreal, Feb. 29, 1884.) Rept. Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1883-84, 
 xii, 599. Also, Med. News, Phila., 1882, xl, 250: Canada M. Rec., Mon- 
 treal, 1883-84, xii, 196. | 
 
 PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 
 (1885-1889) 
 
 1885 
 
 I. Tenia echinococeus; II. Cysticereus cellulose of brain, heart, and 
 voluntary muscles; ILL. Liver with dilatation and calcification of the 
 bile-ducts, the effects of flukes. (Specimens from the lower 
 presented at Pathological Society of Philadelphia, Sept. 24, 1885.) Rept. 
 Tr. Path. Soc., Phila., 1885-87, xiii, 222-224. Also, Med. News, Phila. 
 1885, xlvii, 439: Med. Times, Phila., 1885, xvi, 109: Boston M. § 
 S. J., 1885, exiii, 398. 
 
 Specimen I. was obtained experimentally by feeding a dog with 
 os from the liver of a pig and killing the animal seven ¥ 
 ater. 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 é 
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ESSAI DE BIBLIOGRAPHIE HIPPIQUE. 
 
 Donnant la description détailée des ouvrages publiés ou traduits en Latin et en 
 Francais sur le Cheval et la Cavalerie, avec de nombreuses biographies d’auteurs 
 hippiques , par le Général Mennessier de la Lance, ancien Commandant de la 
 3° division de cavalerie. Tome Premier A & K, Paris, 1915; Tome Second 
 L 4 Z et supplément, Paris, 1917, Lucien Dorbon. 
 
 i et naturally dry, bibliography is too often made so by 
 faulty treatment. What more arid than long lists of 
 titles, as dreary as the genealogies of the Old Testament, or as 
 the catalogue of the ships in Homer! What more fascinat- 
 ing, on the other hand, than the story of the book as part 
 of the life of the man who wrote it—the bio-bibliography ! 
 Such, for example, is the recent bibliography of Samue! 
 Johnson, issued by the Oxford Press, from the pen of thai 
 master of the subject, the late William Prideaux Courtnay, 
 which shows us, even better than does Boswell, the working 
 _ ways of the great lexicographer. To be of value to the full- 
 fed student of to-day a bibliography should be a Catalogue 
 raisonné, with judicious remarks and explanations. In our 
 great libraries this is impossible from lack of space, but the 
 plan is followed with great advantage in the special biblio- 
 graphies, of which the work before us is a model of its kind. 
 Volume II., which has just appeared, completes this important 
 contribution to the literature of the horse—for works in Latin 
 and in French. We may congratulate the veteran general on 
 finishing a task that has occupied his leisure for fifteen years. 
 As it is a bio-bibliography, we turned at once to the author's 
 name, opposite which is only one small report on a Cavalry 
 Conference in 1892, to find that he was-born in 1835, made 
 Sub-Lieutenant in 1856, Colonel in 1881, General of Division 
 in 1895, member of the Committee on Cavalry, and put in 
 
 
 
 Fig. 3.—Facsimile of introductory page. Note the expression, in the text, of 
 Osler’s avowed preference for ‘‘bio-bibliography.’’ (Illustrating Rubrie IT. 1). 
 
 481 
 
 > 
 
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 482 II. Patnoitoegy—l. COMPARATIVE—PHILADELPHIA PgRiop 
 
 Hemoglobinuria. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 
 76-77. 
 
 Discusses probability that this is not a nephritis but a blood discase 
 due to primary destruction of the red corpuscles, and dissolution of — 
 
 hemoglobin. The relation of this affection to azoturia of the horse 
 is then discussed. 
 
 1886 
 
 Contagious pleuro-pneumonia. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phils,, 
 1886, xlix, 379. 
 Urges legislative action for eradication of this infection, the ex- 
 istence of which in Chicago, threatened to plunge the country into 
 all the horrors of a European cattle plague. 
 
 [The Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery.] (Unsigned editorial.) 
 Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlix, 523. 
 
 Announces the transfer of this periodical to Philadelphia under the 
 editorship of Huidekoper and Conklin. 
 
 1887 
 
 (The Journal of Comparative Medicine, 1887, viii, No. 1, Jan. Edited 
 by W. A. Conklin and Rush 8. Huidekoper. Philadelphia: A. L. 
 Hummel.) Unsigned book review. Med. News, Phila., 1887, l, 244. 
 
 1888 
 
 The Hendon cow disease and scarlet fever. (Unsigned editorial). Med. 
 News, Phila., 1888, lii, 20. 
 
 On a scarlatiniform epidemic, transmissible to man, proved by Crook- 
 shank and others to be cowpox. 
 
 Spontaneous and experimental typhoid fever in animals. (Unsigned 
 editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1888, lii, 641. 
 
 OXFORD PERIOD 
 (1905-1919) 
 
 1914 
 
 [On the resolution that further research in swine-fever should be under- 
 taken at one or more university centres as well as at the Government 
 
 Laboratory at Alperton:] Remarks in discussion. The Times, Lond., 
 May, 1914. 
 
 1918 
 
 (Essai de bibliographie hippique, by General Mennessier de la Lance. 
 Paris: Lucien Dorbon, 1915-1917. Edinburgh & London: Green & Son, 
 1918, 4 pp. 8°.) Book review. Veterinary Rev., Lond., 1918, ii, No. 1. 
 [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 319.] 
 
 In this review Osler wrote ‘‘as a former teacher in a Veterinary 
 College.’’ 
 
 
 
II. PATHOLOGY: 2. HUMAN 
 CANADIAN PERIOD 
 (1869-1884) 
 
 1872 
 
 Carcinoma mamme. Removal by excision. (Under care of Dr. D. C. 
 MacCallum.) Reported by Mr. W. Osler. Canada M. J., Montreal, 1872, 
 vili, 107-109. 
 
 Gives gross and microscopic appearances. 
 
 Pleuro-pneumonia with delirium tremens. Death. Autopsy. (Under care 
 of Dr. D. C. MacCallum.) Reported by Mr. W. Osler. Canada M. J., 
 Montreal, 1872, viii, 119-122. 
 
 The autopsy, evidently Osler’s, contains a remarkable study of an old 
 renal infarct. 
 
 (On paralysis with aphasia, by Dr. John Reddy, who read the paper and 
 demonstrated the specimen before the Medico-Chirurgical Society of 
 Montreal, March 9, 1872.) Specimen, from the first of the four cases 
 reported, prepared by W. Osler. Canada M. J., Montreal, 1871-72, viii, 
 407-408. 
 
 ‘‘T am much indebted to Mr. William Osler, who assisted me at the 
 post mortem, and who has kindly made me this very valuable wet 
 preparation by which you will be enabled readily to perceive the clot 
 in situ in the arteries.’’ (Drawing of same also published). 
 [Graduation thesis on pathological anatomy.] (Unpublished.) State- 
 ment in Canada M. J., Montreal, 1872, viii, 473-474. 
 
 Awarded a special prize at the Convocation held Mar. 28, 1872, Dr. 
 Osler graduating second in his class, Thirty-three microscopic and 
 other preparations of morbid anatomy accompanying the thesis, were 
 presented by the author to the museum of the Faculty. 
 
 1874 
 
 Uterine thermometry. (Initialled abstract.) Canada M. g S. J., Montreal, 
 1874-75, iii, 294-297. 
 This is an extended abstract of Cohnheim’s Die Thermometrie des 
 Uterus (Virchew’s Arch., Ixii, No. i, 141-144), in which the author 
 deals with the determination of a living or dead fetus by com- 
 parison of the uterine and vaginal temperatures. 
 
 1875 
 
 #On the pathology of miner’s lung. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1875-76, 
 iv, 145-168 (6 text-cuts). Abstr.: Rept. Dts. Chest., (Dobell), London; 
 Smith, Elder & Co., 1876, ii, 1-12. [Jn his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 7.| 
 
 A classic study based on a then recent case of his own and other 
 specimens in the McGill Museum illustrating the pathology of lung 
 *Specimens in. the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 483 
 
 
 

 
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 484 II. ParHotogy—2. Human—Canapian Prriop 
 
 pigmentation, and on the results of several experiments (two are 
 given in detail)—carried out on the distribution of India-ink pigment 
 after the injection of the lymphatics of kittens, 
 
 1876 
 
 (Removal of a lymphoma from the right side of the neck [2 illus.] by 
 Dr. W. E. Bessey. Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Jan. 28, 
 1876.) General and histological description of the tumour, by Dr, 
 Osler. Canada M. Kec., Montreal, 1875-76, iv, 122. Also, Canada Lancet, 
 Toronto, 1876, viii, 257-258. 
 
 (A case of melano-sarcoma of the choroid, (1 illus.), by Dr. A. Prond- 
 foot.) Histological characters of the tumour. By Prof. Osler. Canada 
 M. § 8S. J., Montreal, 1875-76, iv, 298-300. Also, Canada M. Ree., Mon- 
 treal, 1875-76, iv, 85-86. 
 
 (Case of glioma of both reting. LExtirpation of both eyes, [2 illus.], 
 by Prof. G. E. Fenwick.) Histological and general description of the 
 
 tumours, by Dr. Osler. Canada M. ¢ 8S. J., Montreal, 1875-76, iv, 
 306-308. 
 
 Notice of the recent researches on the pathology of small-pox. (Retro- 
 spect.) Canada M. g 8. J., Montreal, 1875-76, iv, 341-343. 
 
 (Case of leucocythemia—history and autopsy, by John Bell, A.M., M.D.) 
 Remarks on histology of above case, by Dr. William Osler. Canada 
 M. § S. J., Montreal, 1875-76, iv, 439-447. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, 
 No. 6.] 
 
 (Case of acute fibrinous bronchitis, with expectoration of tube casts, 
 by Dr. E. D. Worthington.) Microscopical examination by Dr. Osler. 
 Canada M. § 8. J., Montreal, 1875-76, iv, 539. 
 
 (Case of cirrhosis of the liver, with enlargement, by Dr. Roddick. Re- 
 ported by Mr. James Bell.) Pathological Report by Dr. Osler. Canada 
 M. § S. J., Montreal, 1876-77, v, 24-26. Autopsy in Montreal Gen. Hosp. 
 Path. Rept., No. I, (1876-77), 1878, 56-60, Case i. Also, Canada M. § 
 S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 249-253. 
 
 *(Case of cerebral aneurism, by Dr. John Bell.) Autopsy, by Dr. Osler 
 (1 outline drawing). Canada M. ¢ S. J., Montreal, 1876-77, v, 57-58. 
 Also, in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept., No. I, (1876-77), 1878, 30-32. 
 Case ix, (1 outline cut). 
 
 (Case of pneumonia with acute meningitis, by Dr. J. Reddy. Reported 
 by Mr. James Bell.) Autopsy by Dr. Osler. Canada M. ¢ 8. J,, 
 Montreal, 1876-77, v, 62-65. Also, in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept. 
 No. I, (1876-77), 1878, 33-34, Case x. 
 
 *(Aneurism of the arch of the aorta—pressure on the great veins—death 
 and autopsy, clinical report by Mr. R. W. Powell for Dr. Roddick.) 
 Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1876-77, v, 180- 
 181. 
 
 (Case of tubercular meningitis, under Dr. Ross; clinical report by ©. L. 
 Cotton.) Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. Canada M. & 8. J., Montreal, 1876-77, 
 v, 260-262. Also, in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept., No. L, (1876-77), 
 1878, 81-82, Case xliii. 
 
 (Cases of pernicious progressive anemia, etc., by De. BF: Lge 
 Autopsy by Dr. Osler. Tr. Internat. M. Cong., Phila., 1876, (1877), 409 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
NES, 
 
 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WM. OsLER 485 
 
 [Report from Canada.] (Retrospect.) Annual reports on diseases of the 
 chest, under the direction of Horace Dobell, (1875-76), London: Smith, 
 Elder & Co., 1876, ii, 1-12. 
 
 This interesting publication ran for three years and contained ‘‘Re- 
 ports from Coadjutors’’ in Russia, Spain, Italy, Australia, Japan, 
 China, United States of America, United Kingdom of Great Britain 
 and Ireland, British Kaffraria, Austria-Hungary, and Germany, as 
 well as Canada, thus presenting one of the very earliest ‘‘Interna- 
 tional’’ reviews ever published. ‘‘Report from Canada’’, by William 
 Osler, M.D., L.R.C.P., Professor of the Institutes of Medicine, McGill 
 University, appears as the leading item in Volume lil, and occupies a 
 prominent place also in Volume iii. It is absent in Volume i. Among 
 the articles reviewed in Volume ii are those by Dr. Worthington on 
 ‘‘ Acute Fibrinous Bronchitis,’’ and on ‘‘ Excavation of the Whole of 
 One Lung,’’ by Dr. Reddy, cited above, with autopsies by Dr. Osler, 
 and his own article on ‘‘The Pathology of Miner’s Lung,’’ (Canada 
 M. § 8. J., Montreal, 1875-76, iv, 145-168), which is quoted in extenso. 
 
 1877 
 
 ("Case of epithelioma of the tongue, under Dr. Ross, reported by Mr. 
 John Brodie.) Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 
 1876-77, v, 337-341. Also, in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept., No. I, 
 (1876-77), 1878, 41-42, Case xlv. 
 
 (Case of fibroid contraction of the right lung with displacement of the 
 heart; tricuspid regurgitation; albuminuria, by Dr. Ross. Reported 
 by Mr. C. L. Cotton.) Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. Canada M. & S. J., 
 Montreal, 1876-77, v, 347-349. Also, Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept., 
 No. I, (1876-77), 1878, 38-39, Case xxxviii. 
 
 Case of progressive pernicious anemia (idiopathic of Addison.) (With 
 William Gardner.) Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1876-77, v, 385-404. 
 [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 15.] Also, autopsy, in Montreal Gen. Hosp. 
 Path. Rept., No. I, (1876-77), 1878, 84,-94, Case lxi. Abstr.: Ueber die 
 Beschaffenheit des Blutes und Knochenmarkes in der progressiven 
 pernicidsen andimie. (With William Gardner.) Centralbl. f. d. med. 
 Wissensoh., Berl., 1877, No. 15, 258-260. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, j 
 No. 17.] 
 
 Contains a full microscopic study of the blood and bone marrow; 
 concludes that the latter is the ‘‘ fons et origo mali.’ 
 
 (Cancer of the liver; gallstones; obstruction of common bile duct, etc., 
 by John Bell, A.M., M.D.) Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. Canada M. 
 S. J., Montreal, 1876-77, v, 437-439. Also, in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. 
 Rept., No. I., (1876-77), 1878, 64-65, Case Ixxxiv. 
 
 (Acute Bright’s disease, accompanying pregnancy; miscarriage, perit- 
 onitis, death, by Dr. Ross. Reported by Mr. C. L. Cotton.) Autopsy, 
 by Dr. Osler. Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1876-77, v, 445-447. 
 
 The microscopist, a manual of microscopy and compendium of the micro- 
 scopic sciences, by J. H. Wythe. Philadelphia, Lindsay & Blakiston, 
 3. ed., 1877, 260 pp., 205 illust. (Unsigned book review.) Canada M. ¢& 
 
 S. J., Montreal, 1876-77, v, 553-555. 
 
 This review begins with the statement that, ‘‘The first edition of this 
 work was well known to us ten years ago, when beginning our micro- 
 scopical studies. ’’ 
 
 ? 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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 486 II. PatrHotogy—2. HumMAan—CANaApIAN Pgriop 
 
 *Aneurism of the hepatic artery with multiple abscesses of the liver. 
 
 By George Ross, A.M., M.D., and William Osler, M.D., L.R.C.P. (Pre 
 sented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, April 27, 1876.) Canada 
 M. & S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 1-12, (with plate). Autopsy, also in 
 Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept., No. 1., (1876-77), 1878, 22-30, Case 
 lili, (Frontispiece). Full Abstr.: Am. J. M. Sc., Phila. 1877, lxxiy 
 565-570. Keview by Grawitz, Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., Berl., Feb. 
 1878, xvi, 94. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 13.] 
 
 Case of progressive pernicious anemia. (With John Bell, A.M. M.D.) 
 
 Pathological report, with remarks, by Dr. Osler. Presented, Canada 
 Medical Association, Montreal, Sept. 12, 1877. Tr. Canada M. Ass., 1877, 
 i, 131-140. Also, in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path, Rept., No. I., (1876-77), 
 1878, Case xevii. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 16.] Abstr. Beschaf- 
 fenheit des Blutes und Knochenmarkes bei perniciésen Animie. 
 Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., Berl., July 14, 1877, xv, 498. [In his: 
 C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 18.] Reviews in Lancet, Lond., Aug. 3, 1878, ii, 
 162. Also, Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vii, 95. 
 
 *(Two cases of stenosis of the tricuspid orifice, with observations, by 
 
 Dr. R. P. Howard. Presented Canada Medical Association, Montreal, 
 Sept. 12, 1877.) Autopsy by Dr. Osler. Tr. Canada M. Assoc., Montreal, 
 1877, i, 111-114. 
 
 I. Miliary aneurisms of cerebral vessels; II. *Diphtheritic disease of 
 
 larynx; III. Blood cast of ureter; IV. Two specimens of prostatic dis- 
 ease; V. Kidney from case of diphtheria. (Specimens presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, May 26, 1877.) Rept. C 
 M. ¢ 8S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 45-46. 
 
 One of the prostatic specimens was exhibited for Dr. Malloch of 
 Perth, the other for Dr. Fenwick. 
 
 (Malignant disease of eyeball, by Dr. Trenholme. Presented Medico- 
 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, May 26, 1877.) Discussion by Dr. 
 Osler. Rept. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 46. 
 
 *(A case of valvular disease of the heart, by Dr. John Reddy.) Autopsy, 
 
 by Dr. Osler. Canada M. § 8. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 62-63. 
 
 (An endemic of typhus fever in Montreal, by J. D. Cline.) (One chart.) 
 
 Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 
 147-149. 
 
 Dr. Cline was a brilliant young house-physician of great promise, 
 whose tragic death of diphtheria in 1882, was the cause of much grief 
 to his associates. He is mentioned several times in Osler’s writings. 
 
 *(Case of aneurism of the innominate artery, proposed ligature of carotid, 
 
 refusal of patient, subsequent death and autopsy. Case under Dr. Fenwick. 
 Reported by Mr. J. J. Guerin.) Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. Canada M.¢ 
 S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 222-223. 
 
 Cases in the Montreal General Hospital Pathological Report, No. I for the 
 
 year ending May Ist, 1877, (not published elsewhere). Montreal, 
 Dawson Bros., Publishers, 1878. Fracture of first and second ribs near 
 heads, 11-12. Necrosis of tibia—pyzmia, 12-13. Necrosis of femur— 
 pyxemia, 13-14. Cancer of second and third vertebre, and correspond: 
 ing ribs on right side, 14-16. *Idiopathic (so-called) hypertrophy an® 
 dilatation of heart, 16-20. Fenestration of valves of aorta and pul- 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
‘S, 
 
 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLeR 487 
 
 monary artery, 20. Atheroma, 20. Aneurism of first part of thoracic 
 aorta, 20-21. Sacculated aneurism of ascending portion of arch of 
 aorta, 21. Sacculated aneurism of aorta at termination of the arch, 
 22. *Aneurisms on branches of pulmonary arteries on walls of phthisi- 
 cal cavities, 30. Ossification of mucous membrane of trachea, 32. 
 Hepatization of left lung—diphtheritic colitis, 34. Pneumonia about 
 a phthisical cavity in right lung in diabetes, 34-35. Chronic phthisis 
 —pneumonia of healthy portion; 35. Simple pneumonia of left lung, 
 right-sided pleurisy, 35. Pneumonia of right lung, uniform involve- 
 ment of pleura, 35-37. Gangrene about phthisical cavities in left lung, 
 37. Chronic phthisis; perforation; pneumothorax, 39-40. Chronic 
 phthisis—cancer of vertebre and ribs, 39-40. Small fibroid thick- 
 enings on visceral layer of pleura, 40-41. Pleurisy, 41. Suppura- 
 tion of portal vein, empyema, 41. Epithelioma of tongue, secondary 
 nodules in liver, 42. Miliary tuberculosis of pharynx, 42-43. Post- 
 mortem digestion, 43. Cancer of cardiac orifice, 43-44. Medullary 
 cancer—perforation, 44. Incarceration of ileum, 45-46. Round ulcer 
 of duodenum, 45. Typhoid ulcer—perforation (3 cases), 46-48. Typhoid 
 fever, slight ulceration (2 cases), 48-49. Round ulcer of cecum—per- 
 foration, 49-50. Concretions in appendix, 50. Perforation of appendix, 
 51. Acute peritonitis, 51. Tubercular peritonitis, 52-56. *Syphilitic 
 ulceration of frontal bone—gummata of liver, 60-61. Primary cancer 
 of liver, 61-63. Secondary cancer of liver, primary of gall-bladder, 
 63-65. Suppuration of portal vein following typhoid, perforation of 
 appendix, abscesses in mesentery, empyema, 65-71. Variations in 
 spleen, 71. Tuberculous disease of kidney (3 cases), 72-75. Perine- 
 phritic abscess, 75-76. Pyelitis consequent on stone in bladder, and 
 pyelonephritis, 76-77. Epithelioma of cervix uteri—pyometra, 77-78. 
 Dermoid cyst of ovary, 78-79. Generalized tuberculosis—spinal men- 
 inges affected, 79-81. Meningeal affection slight. Ventricles distended, 
 walls soft. Very few miliary tubercles in the organs, 81-82. Meningeal 
 affection very extensive on the cortex, slight at the base. Ventricles 
 large, walls not soft. Large caseous mass in left lung. Miliary 
 tubercles in lungs and on peritoneum, §2-83. Slight meningeal in- 
 flammation. One caseous mass and a few tubercles in lungs. Old 
 morbus coxe, 84. Profound anemia without discoverable lesion. Fatty 
 degeneration of organs. Hyperplasia of bone-marrow, (two cases), 
 84-93; 94-97. 
 The above titles of the cases in this report are published here for 
 the purpose of correlation with Miss Blogg’s Bibliography, in which 
 they appear as separate items. Such cases as were published else- 
 where as well, are omitted from this list and appear incorporated 
 with other references as separate items above. The cases are listed 
 under 1877 although the volume itself did not appear until 1878, be- 
 cause the Report was first published in the Canada M. ¢& S. J., 1877-78, 
 vi, 12-17; 52-55; 110-116; 152-163; 249-261. 
 1878 
 [Report from Canada.] (Retrospect.) Annual reports on diseases of the 
 chest, under the direction of Horace Dobell, (1876-77), London: Smith, 
 Elder & Co., 1878, iii, 51-55. 
 Osler reports here his own papers on the respiratory system in hemor- 
 rhagic small-pox, fatty degeneration of the heart in pernicious anemia, 
 (Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, March, 1877,) aneurisms of the aorta, 
 the Pathological Report No. I of the Montreal General Hospital, and 
 small aneurisms of branches of pulmonary artery. 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 — —S———SOaceS“ooUmm —————————— 72 
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 wae oo see ee me 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 488 Il. ParHoLtogy—2. HumMan—CanapiAn Pepiop 
 
 *Overstrain of the heart as illustrated by a case of hypertrophy, dilata. 
 tion and fatty degeneration consequent upon prolonged muscular 
 exertion. (Presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal.) Canada 
 M. & S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 385-395. Autopsy, in Montreal Gen. 
 Path. Rept., No. I, (1876-77), 1878, Case xliv, 16. [In his: C. r., 1870- 
 82, i, No. 19.] 
 
 (Case of encephaloid cancer of the axillary glands, with secondary deposits 
 in all the internal organs, by Dr. Fenwick. Reported by Dr. James 
 Bell.) Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. Canada M. § 8S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, 
 vi, 541-545. Autopsy also given under title—Medullary sarcoma of 
 axillary glands—secondary masses in heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, 
 liver, spleen, kidneys, supra-renal capsules and pancreas, in Montreal 
 Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept., No. II, [in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Clin. § Path. 
 Repts., (1877-79), 1880, i, 336-339. ] , , 
 
 I. Arteritis obliterans of anterior tibial artery, dry gangrene of foot; IL. 
 Uterus and ovaries fourteen days after menstruation, showing a fresh 
 corpus luteum. (Specimens presented, McGill Medical Society, April 
 27, 1878.) Rept. Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 526-528. 
 
 Sarcoma of retroperitoneal glanés—Lobstein cancer. I. Case of Dr. 
 Malloch of Hamilton; II. Case of Dr. Gardner; autopsy in Montreal Gen. 
 Hosp. Path. Rept., No. II, [in M. G. H. Repts. Clin. & Path., 1880, i, 
 339-340.] Specimens presented, McGill Medical Society of Montreal, 
 May 4, 1878. Rept. Canada M. g S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 570. Also, 
 Edit. on I, Canada M. §& 8S. J., Montreal, 1876-77, v, 473-474. . 
 
 Lympho-sarcoma of deep cervical glands, involving the thyroid and 
 simulating goitre. Autopsy in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept. No. 
 II, [in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Clin. § Path. Repts., 1880, i, 340-342.] 
 (Specimen presented, McGill Medical Society, May 4, 1878. Rept. Canada 
 M. & S..J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 570.) 
 
 Extensive scald of thorax—pneumonia—numerous spots of fatty de 
 generation in kidneys. (Specimen presented, McGill Medical Society, 
 May 4, 1878. Rept. Canada M. § 8S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 570.) 
 Autopsy in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept., No. II, [in Montreal Gen. 
 Hosp. Repts., Clin. g& Path., 1880, i, 321-322. ] 
 
 I. Dry gangrene of finger of child after carbolic acid; II. Thoracic duct from 
 ease of acute generalized miliary tubercle, obstructed by chronic 1- 
 flammation of the intima and distended with fluid containing red blood 
 corpuscles; III. Section of bone-marrow from case of anemia;, I. 
 Taenia medio-canellata from eating measly beef. (Specimens pre- 
 sented, McGill Medical Society, May 11 and 18, 1878.) Rept. Canada 
 M. & 8S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 571, 573. 
 
 I. Congenital pulmonary stenosis with patent ductus; I. Hypertrophy of 
 heart without valvular disease or emphysema; III. Intestines on the 
 20th day of typhoid fever. Specimens presented, McGill Medical Soci- 
 ety, Oct. 4, 1878. Rept. Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, vu, 18. 
 
 I. Apical pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis; IT. Cirrhosis of liver; Ul. 
 Lungs in phthisis. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of 
 Montreal, Nov. 1, 1878.) Rept. Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, vu, 
 52. 
 
 Case of extra-uterine pregnancy, death. (With Drs. R. A. Kennedy and 
 G. Ross. Presented Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Dee. 13, 
 1878.) Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 65-68. Autopsy also 0 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
5 
 
 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OSLER 489 
 
 Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept., No. II, [in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Kepts., 
 Clin. & Path., 1880, i, 333-335. | 
 
 . Liver of hypertrophic cirrhosis (with microscopic slides); II. Liver in 
 atrophic cirrhosis; III. *Gastric ulcer with eroded arterial branches 
 in floor. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Mon- 
 treal, Nov. 15, 1878.) Rept. Canada M. Kec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 79. 
 
 — 
 
 1879 
 
 I. Liver in atrophic cirrhosis; II. Kidney from acute Bright’s disease; 
 Ill. *Stricture of urethra, chronic cystitis and surgical kidney; hyper- 
 trophy, and diverticule of bladder. (Specimens presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Jan. 10, 1879.) Rept. Canada M. Kec., 
 Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 131. 
 
 I. Disease of the right vertebral artery leading to aneurismal dilatation, 
 rupture, meningeal hemorrhage; IT. Meckel’s diverticulum; ITI. Dilated 
 stomach in cicatricial contraction of ulcer at pylorus; IV. Cirrhosis 
 of liver; V. Gallstone at orifice of common duct. (Specimens presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Feb. 7, 1879.) Rept. Canade 
 M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 134-135. 
 
 (Case of malignant epulis, demanding partial removal of superior maxil- 
 lary bones—recovery, by Dr. Roddick; reported by T. Gray.) 
 Microscopical examination of the tumour by Dr. Osler. Canada M. 
 ¢ 8. J.. Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 362. 
 
 Perihepatitis with cirrhosis. (Specimen presented, Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society of Montreal, Feb. 21, 1879.) Rept. Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 
 1878-79, vii, 163. 
 
 i. Chronic morbus Brightii; II. Fibro-sarecoma of the testicle; III. 
 *Pachymeningitis; IV. Cancer of stomach; V. Fibroid of uterus; VI. 
 Endocarditis. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of 
 Montreal, March 7, 1879.) Rept. Canada M. Kec., Montreal, 1878-79, 
 vii, 191. 
 
 Case of obliteration of vena cava inferior with great stenosis of orfices 
 of hepatic veins. J. Anat. ¢ Physiol., Lond., 1878-79, xiii, 291-304. 
 Edinburgh: Neill & Co., 1879, 16 pp., 8°. (Specimen presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Jan. 23, 1879. Rept. Canada M. Kec., 
 Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 132-133.) Abstr.: Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1879, 
 n. s., Ixxviii, 239-240. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 24.] 
 
 Cohnheim’s theory of tumours. Translated and condensed from vol i 
 of his Vorlesungen weber allgemeine Pathologie (Lectures upon General 
 Pathology.) Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 337-347; 398-408. 
 (Read before the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Feb. 21, 1879, 
 as an appendix to a report on ‘‘Two cases of rare kidney tumours’’— 
 striped-muscle sarcoma, and spindle-celled adeno-sarcoma, listed below. 
 Rept. Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 169. Also, Canada M. 
 Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 164.) 
 
 (Fracture of the patella, pleuro-pneumonia during convalescence: throm- 
 bosis of pulmonary artery, by Dr. Thos. G. Rodger.) Autopsy, by Dr. 
 Osler. Canada M. & 8S. J., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 449. Also, Montreal 
 Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept., No. II, [in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Clin. § Path. 
 Repts., 1880, i, 285-287. ] 
 
 I. Miners’ phthisis. Reported by Mr. Rankine Dawson. Medical case 
 under Dr. Osler. Canada M. & 8S. J., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 452-454. 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
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 Also, Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept., No. II, [in Montreal Gen. Hosp. 
 Clin. & Path. Repts., 1880, i, 297-299.] | 
 
 Supplements the case reported by Osler in this Journal in 1875, 
 
 Ruptured follicle in right ovary; peritonitis. (Specimen presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, March 21, 1879. Rept. Canada 
 M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 216.) Autopsy, in Montreal Gen. Hosp. 
 Path. Rept., No. II, (1877-79), [in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Repts., Clin. § 
 Path., 1880, i, 331-333.] 
 
 I. Cirrhosis of liver; II. Intestine in typhoid fever; III. Fibroid pthisis; 
 IV. Large cirrhotic kidneys. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirnrgi- 
 cal Society of Montreal, March 21, 1879.) Rept. Canada M. Rec., Mon- 
 treal, 1878-79, vii, 216. 
 
 I. *Cancer of the pyloric zone of stomach; II. Pharnyx, larynx, trachea 
 and bronchi in diphtheria [2 cases]; III. Primary sarcoma of kidney. 
 (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society ef Montreal, April 
 1879.) Rept. Canada M. Kec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 218. 
 
 (Statistics of pneumonia at the Montreal General Hospital from 1874- 
 
 1879, by Dr. Oakley. Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, April 
 4, 1879.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Canada M. Kec., 1878-79, 
 vii, 218. 
 
 I. Empyema; II. Sarcoma of the breast; III. Scirrhus carcinoma of the 
 breast; IV. Ovary at the fifth month of gestation; V. Primary cancer 
 of liver. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Mon- 
 treal, April 18, 1879.) Rept. Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 219. 
 
 I. Miner’s lung; II. Atrophy of kidney. (Specimens presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, May 2, 1879.) Canada M. Rec., Mon- 
 treal, 1878-79, vii, 220. 
 
 Amyloid kidney in syphilitic disease of rectum. (Specimens presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, May 16, 1879.) Rept. Canada 
 M. & S. J., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 495. Also, Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 
 1878-79, vii, 246. 
 
 I. Monstrosity, anencephalic monster; II. Postpartum pseudo-diphtheritic 
 endometritis. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of 
 Montreal, May 30, 1879.) Rept. Canada M. g S. J., Montreal, 1878-79, 
 vii, 496-497. Also, Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 247. 
 
 *(Strangulated oblique inguinal hernia, congenital—operation, death, by 
 Dr. Fenwick; reported by Dr. A. W. Imrie.) Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. 
 Canada M. § S. J. Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 490-491. Also, (autopsy) 
 under title Cryptorchidismus, in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept. No. 
 II, [in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. § Clin. Repts., (1877-79), 1880, i, 
 335-336.] (Specimen presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, 
 June 13, 1879.) Rept. Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 274-275. 
 
 I. *(Right pyonephrosis from constriction of ureter in cancer of neck 
 of uterus, by Dr. Alloway. Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society of Montreal, June 15, 1879. Rept. Canada M. Kec, Montreal, 
 1878-79, vii, 274-275.) Autopsy in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept. 
 No. II, [in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Repts., Clin. § Path., 1880, i, 329-331.) 
 
 *Perforating ulcer of stomach immediately at the pyloric ring. (Speci- 
 men presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, July 25, 1879.) 
 Rept. Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 304. Also, Canada M. ¢ 
 8S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 16. 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
te 
 
 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wma. OSLER 491 
 
 *Mitral stenosis; embolism of the right cerebral artery. (Specimen 
 presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Aug. 22, 1879.) 
 Rept. Canada M. Kec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 336. 
 
 Case of congenital and progressive hypertrophy of the right upper ex- 
 tremity. J. dnat. & Physiol., Lon., 1879-80, xiv, 10-12. <Abstr.: Med. 
 News, Phila., 1880, xxxviii, 267. Also, Lond. Med. Rec., March 15, 1880, 
 vili, 109-110. [Jn his: C. r., 1870-82, i, 25.] 
 
 (Fibroid phthisis—dilatation and hypertrophy of heart—dropsy—amyloid 
 degeneration of liver and spleen. Medical case under Dr. Osler. 
 Report by Mr. T. W. Reynolds.) Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, 
 viii, ‘111-114. 
 
 (On duodenal ulcer, by F. W. Campbell, Canada Medical Association, 
 Sept. 11, 1879.) Discussion, by Dr. Osler. Canada Lancet, Toronto, 
 1879-80, xii, 58. 
 
 Organs from a case of corrosive sublimate poisoning. (Specimens pre- 
 sented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Oct. 3, 1879.) Rept. 
 Canada M. §& S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 167. Also, Canada M. Rec., 
 Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 24-25. 
 
 I. Cirrhosis of the liver with thrombosis of the portal vein; II. *Per- 
 foration of the intestine in typhoid fever. (Specimens presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Oct. 17, 1879.) Rept. Canada 
 M. Rec., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 55. 
 
 I. Multilocular ovarian tumour, with dermoids; II. Chronie valvular en- 
 docarditis—aortie insufficiency—hypertrophy and dilatation of heart. 
 (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Oct. 
 31, 1879.) Rept. Canada M. g& S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 223. Also, 
 Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 56. 
 
 Croup or diphtheria. Which? Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 
 207-211. (Specimen presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, 
 Nov. 14, 1879. Rept. with discussion, Ibid, 224-225.) [In his: C. r., 
 1870-82, i, 23.] 
 
 Perforation of bowels in typhoid fever. (Specimen presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Nov. 14, 1879.) Rept. Canada M. & 
 8S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 224. 
 
 
 
 1880 
 
 Two cases of striated myo-sarcoma of the kidney. J. Anat. § Physiol., 
 Lond., 1879-80, xiv, 229-233. (One specimen presented under title, 
 ‘‘Two cases of rare kidney tumours’’, Medico-Chirurgical Society of 
 Montreal, February 21, 1879. Rept. Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, 
 vii, 164.) (The other presented under title, ‘‘Striated myo-sarcoma of 
 kidney’’, Oct. 3, 1879. Rept. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, 
 viii, 168.) [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 26.] 
 
 A translation of the greater part of Cohnheim’s ‘‘ Theory of Tumours’’ 
 was published as an appendix to this article, and appears as an 
 ‘*Original Communication’’ in the Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1878- 
 79, vii, 337-347; 398-408. (Listed above.) 
 
 Three cases of brain disease. Canada M. ¢ S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 
 295-304; 346-349. (Read before Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, 
 Nov. 14, 1879. Rept. Ibid., 226.) 
 
 On Giacomini’s method of preserving the brain. (Diagrams and speci- 
 mens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, July 25, 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
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 492 II. PatHoLtogy—2. Human—CanapiAn Prriop 
 
 1879. Rept. Canada M. §: 8. J. Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 1617.) J, 
 Anat. § Physiol., Lond., 1879-80, xiv, 144. Also, Med. Ree., N. Y., 1880 
 xvii, 315-316: Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 304. Abstr: 
 Canad. J. M. Sc., Toronto, 1880, v, 125-127. 
 
 Dr. Osler also demonstrated the method before the Canada Medical 
 Association (Sept. 11, 1879), and the American Association for the 
 Advancement of Science at Montreal (Aug. 25, 1882). 
 
 I. *Pneumonie phthisis; IJ. Aneurism of anterior communicating branch 
 of circle of Willis; rupture. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society of Montreal, December 12, 1879. Rept. Canada M. Rec., Mon- 
 treal, 1879-80, viii, 112.) Autopsies in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Path. Rept., 
 No. II, (1877-79), [in Montreal Gen. Hosp. Repts., Clin. § Path., 1880, 
 i, 272-275; 295-297. ] 
 
 I. Large white kidney in acute Bright’s disease; II. *Obturator hernia; 
 III. Diphtheritic inflammation of vagina, bladder, and pelvis of 
 kidneys in typhoid fever; IV. Tumour of the brain; V. Fibrous con- 
 eretions in the heart. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society of Montreal, Dec. 29, 1879 and Jan. 9, 1880.) Rept. Canada M. 
 Rec., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 138-139. 
 
 I. *Two cases of adherent pericardium—endocarditis—incompetency of 
 the valves; II. *Mitral stenosis; III. Tumour of the thyroid; IV. 
 Cancerous tumour involving both ovaries; V. Dermoid cyst. (Speci- 
 mens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, March 19, 
 1880.) Rept. Canada M, Rec., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 194. Also, Canada 
 M. § S. J. Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 449. 
 
 I. *Aneurismal dilatation of the arch of the aorta; II. Congenital deficiency 
 
 of rectum. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Mon- 
 
 trenl, April 9, 1880.) Rept. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, viii, 
 452-453. 
 
 *(A case of fibroid disease of the heart, with observations upon the 
 general pathology of fibrosis, by Dr. R. P. Howard. Presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, April 30, 1880.) Autopsy, by Dr. 
 Oster. Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 532-534. Rept. [but 
 519. 
 
 Anomalous case of pyemia; suppuration about tissues in left inferior 
 carotid triangle; pys#mic abscess beneath tensor vagine femoris; 
 pyemic infarcts in lungs; septic pleurisy. Medical case under Dr. 
 Osler. (Reported by J. B. Harvie.) Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 
 1879-80, vili, 544-548. : 
 
 (*Case of pulmonary emphysema, associated with a ‘‘cured’’ aortic aneur- 
 ism under the care of Dr. Ross. Rept. by Mr. W. A. Shufelt.) Autopsy, 
 by Dr. Osler. Canada M. § S. J. Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 220. (Specimen 
 presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, May 27, 1880. Rept., 
 Ibid, 1879-80, viii, 556-558. ’ 
 
 This specimen is mentioned in Osler’s Practice of Medicine. 
 
 *(Aneurism of aorta, simulating one of the arteria innominata, by Dr. 
 George Ross. Reported by Mr. B. E. McKenzie.) Autopsy by Dr. 
 Osler. Canada M. g S. J., 1880-81, ix, 22-23. (Specimen presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, April 9, 1880.) Rept. with dis- 
 cussion, Canada M. § 8S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 451-452. Also, 
 Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 196. 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
 * .. a —. a 
 
 
 
NES, 
 
 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OSLER 493 
 
 (Case of thoracic aneurism in an unusual situation: diagnosis aided by 
 traction on the trachea. By Dr. George Ross.) Autopsy by Dr. Osler. 
 Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 244-246. (Specimen presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, May 27, 1880. Rept. Ibid, p. 
 556. ) 
 
 Cases of insular sclerosis, (1 illus.). Canada M. & 8S. J., Montreal, 1880- 
 81, ix, 1-11. (Read before Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, June 
 25, 1880. Rept. Ibid., 35.) [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 31.] 
 
 I. *Umbilical hernia; II. Miner’s lung; III. Apoplexy into pons. (Speci- 
 mens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, June 11, and 
 25, 1880.) Rept. Canada M. §& S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 32, 35. 
 
 ‘‘The third case of miner’s lung met with in the General Hospital 
 during the past three years.’’ 
 
 (*Case of rupture of mitral valve, by Dr. John Reddy.) Autopsy, by Dr. 
 Osler. Montreal Gen. Hosp. Clin. & Path. Repts., 1880, i, 207-211. 
 
 (Hemorrhage at base of brain, by Dr. Smith. Medico-Chirurgical Soci- 
 ety of Montreal, June 11, 1880.) Discussion, by Dr. Osler. Rept. 
 Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 33. 
 
 (Retroperitoneal cancer. Medical case under Dr. Osler; reported by Mr. 
 J. W. Ross.) Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 161-162. 
 
 (Two cases of pneumonia. Probable explanation of cerebral symptoms, 
 by Dr. A. D. Blackader.) Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. Canada M. & S. J., 
 Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 84. 
 
 On delayed resolution in pneumonia. Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1880-81, 
 xiii, 99-103. (Abstract of paper read before the Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society of Montreal, Nov. 12, 1880.) Rept. with discussion, Canada 
 M. & S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 352-355. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, 
 No. 32.] 
 
 Morbid anatomy and terminations discussed: two eases reported with 
 recovery. (Listed under III.) 
 
 Catalogue of a series of specimens illustrative of morbid anatomy of 
 brain and spinal cord, exhibited at Ottawa meeting of Canada Medical 
 Association, September 1 and 2, 1880, (by title). Rept. Canada M. §: 
 S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 106. 
 
 A contribution to the question of spastic spinal paralysis, (title only). 
 (Read before Canada Medical Association, September 1, 1880.) Rept. 
 Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1880-81, xiii, 45. Also, Canada M. ¢ S. J., 
 Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 100. (Specimen presented, Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society of Montreal, June 25, 1880. Rept. Ibid., 24-35.) 
 
 Cases of cardiac abnormalities. I. *Premature closure of foramen ovale— 
 general dropsy of fetus; II. *Pulmonary and tricuspid stenosis; III. 
 ‘*‘Atresia of pulmonary orifice—hypertrophy of right ventricle—imper- 
 fection of septum ventriculorum—patent ductus arteriosus; IV. Des- 
 cending aorta with left subclavian from right ventricle—innominate 
 and left carotid from left ventricle—ventricular septum imperfect— 
 fusion of segments of semilunar valves (with two plates). Montreal 
 Gen. Hosp. Repts. Clin. & Path., 1880, i, 177-192. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, 
 1, No. 27.] 
 
 *On the condition of fusion of two segments of the semilunar valves. 
 (With one plate). Montreal Gen. Hosp. Repts. Clin. §& Path., 1880, 1, 
 233-242. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 28.] 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 494 IJ. ParnHotogy—2. Human—Canapian Prpriop 
 
 Cases in the Montreal General Hospital Pathological Report, No. IT (Oct. 
 1877 to Oct., 1879), (not published elsewhere in this bibliography). 
 In Montreal Gen. Hosp. Clin. & Path. Repts., 1880, i, 253-342. Dawson 
 Bros., Montreal. Wound of the central part of the first and second 
 frontal convolutions on left side, 257-258. Bullet wound of right 
 frontal lobe, 258-260. *Aneurism of abdominal aorta—perforation of 
 duodenum, 260-261. *Small aneurism of aorta compressing left bron- 
 chus, 261-262. Aneurism) of thoracic aorta—rupture into left pleura, 
 262-263, Aneurism of arch of aorta—great hypertrophy of heart, 
 263-265. Aneurism of innominate—rupture of saccular dilatation of 
 aorta into pericardium, 265-266. Ameurism of splenic artery—perfora- 
 tion into transverse colon, 266-268. Small aneurism of renal artery, 
 268. Four cases of intracranial aneurism: Aneurism of left mia- 
 dle cerebral artery, projecting into a cyst, probably the remains 
 or an infarction—rupture—aortic valve disease; Endarteritis and 
 aneurismal dilatation of left vertebral and first part of basilar arteries 
 —rupture; Aneurism on left middle cerebral artery—old apoplec- 
 tic cyst—numerous miliary aneurisms, 268-271. *Aneurisms of branches 
 of pulmonary artery on wall of cavities—hzmoptysis in chronic 
 phthisis, 275-276. *T'wo cases of hypertrophy of the heart, 276-282. 
 *Perforation of pulmonary artery by ulcer of left bronchus—sudden 
 death from hemoptysis—chronic bronchitis, emphysema, phthisis, 282- 
 283. Instance of four pulmonary valves, 284. *Bayonet-wound of left 
 subclavian, 284. Fatty degeneration of heart in diphtheria—sudden 
 death on thirteenth day, 285. Thrombosis of branches of right 
 pulmonary artery, 287-290. Cidema of left lung; morphia poisoning, 
 291-292. C&dema of right lung; hydrothorax of left pleura; contracted 
 kidneys, 290. Note on the occurrence of false membrane in the trachea 
 and bronchi in diphtheria, 299-300. Pneumonia—ulcerative endocarditis 
 —meningitis, 292-295. *Foreign body in csophagus—ulceration—per- _ 
 foration—retropharyngeal and cesophageal abscess, 300-301. .Three 
 cases of cancer of the stomach, 301-304. (One specimen presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, April 4, 1879. Rept. Canada 
 M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 218.) *Three cases of ulcer of stomach, 
 304-306. Three cases of simple ulcer of duodenum, 306-311. Typhoid 
 fever—rapidly fatal, with nervous symptoms, 311-312. Perforation of 
 appendix vermiformis—circumscribed abscess—perforation of ileum— 
 hemorrhage from bowels, 313-314. Hydatid cyst of liver, 314-316, 
 Primary cancer of liver, 316-317. (Specimen presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, April 18, 1879. Rept. Canada M. Rec., 
 Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 219.) Cirrhosis of liver—collateral circulation 
 by means of an enlarged vein—death from pneumonia, 317-318. 
 Pylephlebitis, 318-321. Small contracted kidneys—hypertrophy of 
 heart, 322-324. Large cirrhotic kidneys—hypertrophy of heart— 
 apoplexy, 324-325. Sarcoma of left kidney, 325-328. Dermoid of ovary 
 —uicerative colitis, 328-329. 
 
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 1881 
 Cases of medullary neuroma of the brain. J. Anat. ¢ Physiol., Lond, 
 1880-81, xv, 217-225. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 35.] 
 Contains a fine plate showing the histological structure of twelve dif- 
 ferent types of nerve cells. 
 
 I. Pneumonia following fracture of the leg; II. Fatty overgrowth of heart. 
 (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Nov. 
 12, 1880.) Rept. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 352. 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
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 CLAssIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wan. OsteR 495 
 
 Cases of Hodgkin’s disease (three in all.) Canada M. § 8S. J., Montreal, 
 1880-81, ix, 385-397. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, 1, No. 37.] 
 
 (Rheumatic purpura, by Dr. Molson. (Presented, Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society of Montreal, Dec. 10, 1880.) Discussion, by Dr. Osler. Rept. 
 Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 420. 
 
 I. Enlarged spleen from child aged sixteen months; II. Cerebral apoplexy 
 showing distinct aneurysmal dilatation ; III. Extreme fatty degeneration 
 of the heart from anemia. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society of Montreal, December 10, 1880.) Canada M. ¢& S. J., Montreal, 
 1880-81, ix, 425. 
 
 *Intussusception of bowel. (Specimen presented, Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society of Montreal, January 7, 1881.) Rept. Canada M. & S. J., Mon- 
 treal, 1880-81, ix, 426-427. 
 
 (Case of encephaloid disease of the testicle—operation. By Dr. G. M. 
 Dunean,) Histological description of the tumour by Dr. Osler. Canada 
 M. & S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 455-466. 
 
 *Hypertrophied heart with mitral stenosis in a case of chorea. (Spect- 
 men presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, February 4, 
 1881.) Rept. Canada M. § 8. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 485. 
 
 (*Case of chorea with recent endocarditis, by W. A. Molson.) Specimen 
 presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, May 13, 1881.) 
 Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. Canada M. § 8. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 651-652. 
 
 *Hydatidiform degeneration of chorion. (Two specimens presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, May 13, 1881.) Canada M. ¢ 
 8. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 671. 
 
 I. Aneurism of aorta rupturing into pulmonary artery; II. Small con- 
 tracted kidneys; III. Cancer of bones of skull. Specimens presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, May 27, 1881.) Rept. Canada 
 M. § 8. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 744-745. 
 
 I. *Fibroid degeneration of the heart (2 specimens); II. *Cancer of 
 ewcum. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal. 
 June 10, 1881.) Rept. Canada M. § 8. J., Montreal, 1881-82, x, 15-16. 
 
 Renal cirrhosis, with special reference to its latency and to sudden fatal 
 manifestations occurring in its course. (Delivered in McGill Summer 
 Session Course, May 28, 1881.) Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1880-81, xiii, 
 353-359. Also, Toronto, Dudley & Barnes, 13 p. 8 vo. (Specimens 
 illustrating this communication were presented, May 27, 1881, and March 
 16, 1883. Rept. Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 744; 1882-83, 
 xi, 680.) [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, 42.] 
 
 “Infectious (so-called ulcerative) endocarditis. Arch. Med., N. Y., 1881, 
 vy, 44-68, (1 plate, 7 figs.). Review, Canad. J. M. Sc., Toronto, 1881, 
 vi, 95. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 36.] 
 
 Reports of seven cases from his pathological service at the Montreal 
 General Hospital. 
 
 Ulcerative endocarditis. (Paper and microscopic specimens presented, 
 
 Jan. 26, 1881.) Rept. Tr. N. York Path. Soc., 1881, iv, 29-33. 
 
 *On some points in the etiology and pathology of ulcerative endocarditis, 
 (Presented at the Seventh International Congress of Medicine, London, 
 August 2-9, 1881.) Tr. Internat. M. Congr., London, 1881, i, 341-346. 
 Also, J. W. Kolckmann, 8 p. 8°. [Zn his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 44.] 
 
 Based on an analysis of sixty-seven cases, and twelve personal observa- 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
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 496 II. PatHoLogy—2. Human—Canapian Pgriop 
 
 tions, of which seven of the latter and twenty-four of those analyzed 
 were of cases developing in the course of a pneumonia. Of this com- 
 munication Dr. R. P. Howard says in his report on the congress, ‘‘The 
 very frequent connection of this affection with lobar pneumonia he 
 was the first to indicate and emphasize.’’ (Canada M. ¢ 8. J., Mon- 
 treal, 1881-82, x, 150.) 
 
 *On some of the effects of the chronic impaction of gallstones in the 
 bile-passages, and on the ‘‘fiévre intermittente hépatique’’ of 
 Charcot. (Delivered in the demonstration course on morbid anatomy, 
 Jan. 15, 1881.) Med. Times § Gaz., Lond., 1881, ii, 111-114. (Describes 
 twelve cases, of which four were presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society 
 of Montreal, February 6, 1880, and November 12, 1880, January 21, and 
 October 28, 1881. Rept. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 
 367; 1880-81, ix, 352; ix, 484; 1881-82, x, 299-300.) [Im his: ©. x, 
 1870-82, i, No. 41.] 
 
 *Notes on intestinal diverticula. Case of Dr. Trenholme’s. Ann. Anat. 
 § Swrg., Brooklyn, N. Y., 1881, iv, 202-207. (Specimen presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, September 30, 1881. Rept. 
 Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1882, x, 236.) [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, 
 No. 43.] 
 
 In this remarkable case, the jejunum presented ‘‘53 diverticula on 
 the mesenteric border—all of hemispherical shape and attached by 
 broad bases. They ranged in size from a cherry to a large apple.’’ 
 Death occurred from hemorrhage following perforation. The clinical 
 history was given by Dr. Trenholme under the title, ‘‘A case of 
 melena’’ at the succeeding meeting of the Medico-Chirurgical Society 
 of Montreal to that at which the specimen was presented by Dr. Osler 
 (1. ¢. 238). 
 
 1882 
 
 *Case of obliteration of the portal vein (pylephlebitis adhesiva.) (Pre. 
 sented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Sept. 30, 1881.) J. Anat. 
 § Physiol., Lond., 1881-82, xvi, 208-216. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, 
 No. 46.] 
 
 I. Pneumonia, diphtheritic gastritis; II. *Mitral and tricuspid stenosis. 
 (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Jan. 6, 
 1882.) Report with discussion. Canad. J. M. Sc., Toronto, 1882, vii, 84. 
 Also, Med. News, Phila., 1882, xl, 80-81. | 
 
 On the brains of criminals. With a description of the brains of two 
 murderers. Canada M. g S. J. Montreal, 1881-82, x, 385-398, (with 
 2 plates, 4 figs.).< (Presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, 
 Jan. 6, 1882. Rept. Ibid, 422.) [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 45.] 
 
 Based upon the anatomical configuration of the convolutions of the 
 brains of two murderers (Hayvern and Moreau) convicted and hanged 
 at Rimouski and Montreal, in 1881. 
 
 The brains of criminals. (Open letter dated June 12, 1882.) Lancet, 
 Lond., 1882, ii, 38. 
 
 (*I'wo cases of cancer of the stomach, I., under care of Dr. George Ross, 
 II., under care of Dr. Molson. Reported by Dr. J. A. MacDonald.) 
 Autopsies, by Dr. Osler. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1881-82, % 
 406-408. 
 
 (*A case of ammonia poisoning, by Dr. A. A. Browne. Autopsy, by Dr. 
 Osler.) Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
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CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLER 497 
 
 Feb. 17, 1882. Rept. Canada M. & 8S. J., Montreal, 1881-82, x, 450. 
 Rept. Ibid., 502-503. 
 
 I, *Atheromatous plate and ulcers on arch of aorta; Il. *Atheromatous 
 abscess and aneurism of the right iliac artery, general atheroma. 
 (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Feb. 17, 
 1882.) Rept. Med. News, Phila., 1882, xl, 249-251. Also, Canada M. ¢ 
 S. J., Montreal, 1881-82, x, 495-499. 
 
 Specimen II. is figured in the Cartwright Lectures as illustrating, 
 ‘‘The relation of the blood corpuscles to coagulation and thrombosis, ’’ 
 Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlvii, 424. (See under Rubric I.) 
 
 *(Aneurism of aorta; perforation into esophagus, by Dr. Wood.) (Autopsy, 
 by Dr. Osler.) Presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Feb. 
 17, 1882. Rept. Canada M. g S. J., Montreal, 1881-82, x, 501-502. Also, 
 Med. News, Phila., 1882, xi, 251. 
 
 (Case of cerebro-spinal meningitis, by Dr. G. W. Major.) Autopsy, by 
 Dr. Osler. Canada M. g§ S. J., Montreal, 1881-82, x, 594. 
 
 (*Case of sarcoma of the jejunum. Under care of Dr. Molson. Re- 
 ported by Dr. J. A. Macdonald.) Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. Canada 
 M. § S. J., Montreal, 1881-82, x, 602-603. 
 
 Cases of tubercular meningitis. Under care of Dr. Osler. (Reported by 
 Dr. J. A. MacDonald.) Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1881-82, x, 603-606. 
 
 Cancer of ascending colon—extensive secondary growths in liver. Under 
 care of Dr. Osler. Reported by Dr. Duncan. Canada M. & 8. J., Mon- 
 treal, 1882-83, xi, 28-29. 
 
 Echinococcus disease in the lung. (By Dr. Black. Canada Medical 
 Association, Toronto, Sept. 6, 1882.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. 
 Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1882-83, xv, 49. 
 
 Bacillus of tuberculosis, bacillus of anthrax. (Slides exhibited, Canada 
 Medical Association, September 8, 1882.) Rept. Med. News, Phila., 
 1882, xli, 357. 
 
 (Supplement to the descriptive catalogue of the pathological museum of 
 the Pennsylvania Hospital, by Morris Longstreth. Philadelphia: Collins, 
 Printer, 1882, 219 pp.) (Initialled book review.) Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 
 1882, n. s., Ixxxiv, 229-230, 
 
 ‘We had occasion lately to go through some ten pathological museums 
 of the different schools and hospitals in this country, and were in a 
 position, on arriving at the Pennsylvania Hospital, to appreciate fully, 
 the advantage of a good catalogue.’’ 
 
 Uremic delirium and coma at a very early stage of interstitial nephritis. 
 Arch. Med., N. Y., 1882, vii, 213-215. (Specimen presented, Medico- 
 Chinjurgical Society of Montreal, May 13, 1881. Microscopic slide, 
 May 27, 1881.) Rept. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 671-673; 
 144, [In his; C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 51.] 
 
 I. *Obliterated superior vena cava (reported also by Dr. Wilkins); II. 
 Fatty diarrhea; III. Eighteen ounces of bile obtained by aspiration; 
 IV. Pneumonia terminating in abscess of lung. (Specimens presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Oct. 20, 1882.) Rept. Canada 
 M. § S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 298-299. Also, Med. News, Phila., 
 1882, xli, 580. 
 
 (“Cancer of esophagus [perforation of the lung], by Dr. George Ross. 
 Presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Oct. 20, 1882.) 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
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 498 Il. PatruHotogy—2. HumMAN—CANADIAN Periop 
 
 Autopsy, by Dr. Osler. Rept. Med. News, Phila., 1882, xli, 580-581, 
 Also, Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 300. 
 
 (Pathology of papillomatous growths of larynx, by Dr. Major.) Dis. 
 cussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Canada M & S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 303. 
 
 1883 
 
 I. Cerebral aneurism and hemorrhage; II. *Erosion of internal carotid 
 in cavernous sinus six weeks after a blow on the head; IIL. Cancer 
 of stomach with enormous secondary cancer of liver; IV. Diphtheria — 
 with extension into primary bronchi, (Specimens presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Nov. 17, 1882.) Rept. Canada M. ¢ 
 S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 355-358. 
 
 (Obliteration of superior vena cava, by Dr. Wilkins. Presented Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Nov. 17, 1882.) Discussion by Dr. 
 Osler. Rept. Canada M. g S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 360-361. 
 
 *Double aneurism of thoracic aorta. (Specimen presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Dec. 1, 1882.) Rept. Canada M. § 
 S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 365-366, 
 
 I. *Lungs from a case of tuberculosis of pleura and lungs; IT. Ulceration in 
 typhoid fever; III. Fibroid disease extending to the lung from the pleura— 
 cirrhosis of lungs and kidneys. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgi- 
 cal Society of Montreal, Dec. 15, 1882.) Rept. Canada M. ¢ 8. J, Mon- 
 treal, 1882-83, xi, 414-416. 
 
 (*Aneurism of anterior communicating artery, by Dr. Ross. Presented 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Feb. 16, 1883.) Autopsy, by 
 Dr. Osler. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 548-549 (1 plate). 
 Rept. Med. News, Phila., 1883, xlii, 252. Also, Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 
 xi, 133-134. 
 
 (Ulcerative endocarditis, simulating typhoid, by Dr. George Ross.) 
 Specimen presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Feb. 16, 
 1883. Rept. Med. News, Phila., 1883, xlii, 252. Also, Canada M. § §.d., 
 Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 555-556. 
 
 Dr. Osler exhibited the characteristic micrococci of the vegetations, 
 stained with aniline blue. 
 
 I. Calcification of the tooth-pulp; II. Double hernia. (Specimens presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, February 16, 1883.) Rept, 
 Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 556-557. Also, Med News, 
 Phila., 1883, xlii, 252. 
 
 Report on the brains of Richards and O’Rourke. Canada M. ¢ 8. J, 
 Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 461-466. (Presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society 
 of Montreal, February 16, 1883. Rept. Canada M. ¢ S. J., Montreal, 
 1882-83, xi, 562. Also, Med. News, Phila., 1883, xlii, 254.) [In his: 
 C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 59.] 
 
 A study of the brains of two criminals also executed for murder + 
 Montreal. 
 
 I. Chronic Bright’s disease; II. *Membranous cast of windpipe and 
 bronchi; III. *Aneurism of pulmonary artery in small cavity; 1Y. 
 Acute tuberculosis of lung and spleen. (Specimens presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, March 16, 1883.) Rept. Canada M. ¢ 
 S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 620. 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
ES, 
 
 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLER 499 
 
 (Chyluria, not parasitic, by Dr. McConnell. (Presented Medico-Chirurgi- 
 eal Society of Montreal, April 27, 1883.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. 
 Rept. Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 683. 
 
 . *“Aneurism of aorta, rupture into pericardium; II. Puerperal con- 
 vulsions, ventricular hemorrhage; III. Fibroid heart and atrophic 
 kidneys. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Mon- 
 treal, April 13, 1883.) Rept. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 
 679-680. 
 
 . *Seirrhous disease of pancreas and colloid lung; II. Kidneys from a 
 man found comatose; III. Thrombosis and embolism of superior 
 mesenteric artery. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Soci- 
 ety of Montreal, April 27, 1883.) Rept. Canada M. § 8S. J., Montreal, 
 1882-83, xi, 687. Also, Med. News., Phila., 1883, xlii, 694. 
 
 Spleen and bone-marrow from a case of pernicious anemia. (Specimen 
 presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, May 11, 1883.) 
 Rept. Canada M. ¢ S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 741. 
 
 *Aneurism of anterior cerebral artery. (Specimen presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, May 25, 1883.) Rept. Canada M. ¢ 
 S. J., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 34-35. Also, Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 
 1882-83, xi, 241. 
 
 I. Amyloid liver in a case dying of phthisis; II. Lymphosarcomatous 
 growth of bronchial glands. By Dr. Wilkins. (Specimens presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, June 14, 1883.) Rept. Canada 
 M. & 8S. J., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 103. 
 
 (Invaginated and gangrenous bowel, by Dr. Sheard. Presented Canada 
 Medical Association, Kingston, Sept. 5, 1883.) Discussion by Dr. 
 Osler. Rept. Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1883-84, xvi, 50. 
 
 *Aneurism of abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery. (Specimen 
 presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Oct. 26, 1883.) 
 Rept. Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 294. 
 
 . Cancer of liver with much enlarged glands; II. *Fibroid disease of 
 stomach; III. Laceration of brain from hemorrhage; IV. Ovarian 
 cysts in an infant. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society 
 of Montreal, November 9, 1883.) Rept. Canada M. g& 8S. J., Montreal, 
 1883-84, xii, 300-302. Also, Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 52. 
 
 Secondary myeloid disease of pleura and lung. TJilus. M. ¢& S., N. Y., 
 1883, ii, 117-118, (with colored plate and line cut.) (Specimen pre- 
 sented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, November, 1880. Rept. 
 with discussion, Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 351-352.) 
 
 lon 
 
 aan 
 
 — 
 
 1884 
 
 *Fibro-glioma of upper end of ascending frontal gyrus; Jacksonian epi- 
 lepsy of fourteen years’ standing; the leg-centre. Specimen presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Dec. 14, 1883. Rept. Canada 
 . Rec., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 82 . Also, Med. News, Phila., 1884, xliv, 
 2-83. 
 
 This specimen is from the case which formed the basis of his article 
 on Jacksonian epilepsy (see below under Rubric III.) 
 
 (“Heart showing ulcerative endocarditis, by Dr. Wilkins.) Specimen 
 presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Nov. 23, 1883. 
 Rept. Canada M. g S. J., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 349. 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lid a 
 
 500 IJ. ParHotocy—2. Human—Canapian Pgriop 
 
 (Tertiary syphilis—cerebral, laryngeal, and rectal, by Dr. George Ross.) 
 Specimens presented,. Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Dee, 4 
 1883. Rept. Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 81-82, 
 
 I. *Syphilitic caries of inner table of skull—great thickening of calvarium 
 —compression and deformity of brains; II. *Skull showing destruction of 
 entire right parietal and frontal bones. (Specimens presented, Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, December 14, 1883.) Rept. Canada M. 
 § S. J., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 351-352. Also, Med. News, Phila., 1884 
 xliv, 25: Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 78-82, 
 
 Cases of dysentery—under the care of Dr. Osler. L *Sloughs in the 
 colon and rectum of unusual extent—death; II. *Abscess of liver 
 pointing externally—death. Canada M. § 8S. J., Montreal, 1883-84, 
 xli, 330-333. 
 
 I. (*Small aneurism of aorta, rupture into left bronchus, by Dr. George 
 Ross); II. *Aortic, mitral and tricuspid valve disease. Specimens 
 presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, January 11, 1884. 
 Rept. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 426. Also, Canada M. 
 Rec., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 98. 
 
 (*Non-valvular dilatation and hypertrophy of the heart, by Dr. Ross.) 
 Specimen presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Jan. 11, 
 1884. Kept. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 427-428, 
 
 In the discussion following Dr. Osler stated that this was the fifth 
 or sixth case of so-called ‘‘idiopathic’’ hypertrophy and dilatation of 
 the heart, he had dissected, and referred in this connection to Da 
 Costa’s work on the so-called ‘‘irritable heart’’ of young recruits. 
 
 I. *Organized thrombus of left iliac vein; Il. *Dermoid cyst of ovary 
 containing sebum, hair and teeth; III. Rapidly formed scirrhus of 
 liver. (Specimens presented, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, 
 February 15, 1884.) Rept. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 
 546-547. Also, Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 155. 
 
 (Lateral sclerosis, by Dr. R. MacDonnell. Canadian Medical Association, 
 Montreal, Aug. 26, 1884.) Discussion, by Dr. Osler. Rept. Canada 
 Lancet, Toronto, 1884-85, xvii, 47. 
 
 
 
 (Case of congenital hypertrophy with lipoma of the foot, by Dr. 
 Blackader. Canadian Medical Association, Montreal, Aug. 25, 1884.) 
 Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Med. News, Phila., 1884, xlv, 329. Also, 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1884, ii, 736. 
 
 
 
 Dr. Osler referred in the discussion to his own case of progressive 
 enlargement of the right upper limb. (J. Anat. § Physiol. Lond., 
 1879-80, xiv.) 
 
 
 
 Autopsies performed at the Montreal General Hospital, 1877 to 1884, (unpub- 
 lished). 
 
 During the seven years of Osler’s service as Pathologist to the Montreal peti 
 eral Hospital) he performed 786 autopsies. Of these the first 325 are AS if 
 in the Pathological Reports Nos. I. and II. of the Hospital published by Te of 
 in 1877 and 1880, and the remainder are cited in the Pathological Three 
 No. III. of the Hospital, published by the late John McCrae in 1899. a 
 of the seven bound volumes which contained his autograph autopsy notes 
 extant to-day in Montreal. M. EH. A. 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GULSTONIAN LECTURES 
 
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 ON 
 
 MALIGNANT ENDOCARDITIS. 
 
 
 
 DELIVERED AT THE 
 
 Royal Gollege of Physicians of London, March, 1885. 
 
 
 
 M.D, 
 
 BY, 
 
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 Professor of Clinical Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 
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 502 CLAssIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Ww. Ostzp 
 
 PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 
 - (1884-1889) 
 
 1884 
 
 (The pathology of broncho-pneumonia, by Dr. Francis Delafield. Path- 
 ological Society of Philadelphia, Oct. 23, 1884.) Discussion by Dr. 
 Osler. Rept. Med. News, Phila., 1884, xlv, 553. 
 
 Koch’s latest researches in cholera. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1884, xlv, 601. 
 
 Apparently Osler’s first editorial in the Medical News. Some 150 of 
 these unsigned editorials have been identified for Miss Blogg’s biblio- 
 graphy by Dr. Thomas McCrae from original MSS. in possession of 
 Lea and Febiger (Philadelphia) and are listed in this Bibliography 
 under the Rubrics to which they pertain. 
 
 Yellow-fever inoculations. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila. 
 1884, xlv, 631. 
 
 1885 
 
 Pneumonia coccus in the air. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1885, xlvii, 129-130. 
 
 On contamination of gelatine plates by Friedlander’s diplococcus. 
 
 (Pyelonephritis and chronic parenchymatous nephritis in the same pa- 
 tient complicating cystitis, by Dr. J. Tyson, Pathological Society 
 of Philadelphia, Jan. 22, 1885.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. 
 Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1883-85), 1886, xii, 209. Also, Maryland M. J, 
 1884-85, xii, 324. 
 
 The Gulstonian lectures on malignant endocarditis. (Delivered at the 
 Royal College of Physicians of London, during March, 1885.) Brst. M. 
 J., Lond., 1885, i, 467-470; 522-526; 577-579 (2 temperature charts). 
 Also, Lancet, Lond., 1885, i, 415-418; 459-464; 505-502: Med. News, 
 Phila., 1885, xlvi, 309-313; 337-343; 365-369. Abstr.: Canada M. ¢ 8. J., 
 Montreal, 1885, xiii, 510. Rev.: Med. Times, Phila., 1885, i, 285. Hdtt.: 
 Ibid., 422-423. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 63.] 
 
 Based entirely on autopsies performed in Montreal. 
 
 Aneurism of arch of aorta, with rupture into the trachea in two places 
 and perforation of the esophagus. (Specimen presented, Pathological 
 Society of Philadelphia, April 9, 1885.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soe. Phila., 
 (1883-85), 1886, xii, 110-113. Also, Boston M. & S. J., 1885, exii, 480-451. 
 
 Osler’s first contribution to the Philadelphia Pathological Society. 
 The pathological side of Osler’s career was completed chiefly at 
 ‘‘Blockley’’ ((Philadelphia General Hospital), where in less than five 
 years he performed 162 autopsies, in ninety-four of which he was 
 attending physician as well. H. B. K. 
 
 Tubercle bacilli in the urine. (Specimen presented, Pathological Society 
 of Philadelphia, April 23, 1885.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1883-85), 
 1886, xii, 215. 
 
 (Primary tuberculosis of the kidneys, by Dr. M. H. Fussell, rages 
 presented to Pathological Society of Philadelphia, April 23, 18 " 
 Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila. (1883-85), 1886, 
 xii, 215. e 
 
 *Notes on the morbid anatomy of pneumonia. (Presented tat 
 Pathological Society, April 23, 1885.) Canada M. § 8. J., Montreal, 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
ES, 
 
 Il. PatrHoLtogy—2. HuMaNn—PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 503 
 
 1884-85, xiii, 596-605. Also, Maryland M. J., Balt., 1885, xiii, 68-69: 
 Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1883-85), 1886, xii, 188-196. Abstr. (and 
 discussion): Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvi, 565-566. Also, Med. Twvmes, 
 Phila., 1885, xvi, 34-35. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 64.] 
 ‘‘This with other articles which will follow from time to time will 
 constitute my third and last pathological report from the Montreal 
 General Hospital.’’ Several of the specimens here referred to are in 
 the museum of McGill University. 
 
 (Encephaloid disease of the stomach, by Dr. J. K. Mitchell. Specimen 
 presented, Pathological Society of Philadelphia, May 14, 1885.) Dis- 
 cussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1883-85), 1886, 
 xii, 65-66. 
 
 Notes on the morbid anatomy of typhoid fever. Canada M. ¢ 8S. J., 
 Montreal, 1885-86, xiv, 7-26. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 65.] 
 
 Based on experience as pathologist to the Montreal General Hospital. 
 
 Guy ’s Hospital Reports, edited by Frederick Taylor and N. Davies-Colley, 
 vol. xlii, London: J. & A. Churchill, 1884. (Initialled book review.) 
 Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1885, n. 8., xe, 224-232, 
 
 Contains a note on a descriptive list by Dr. Goodhart of the specimens 
 added to the Musewm during the years 1882-1884, ‘‘which shows the 
 care with which typical and illustrative preparations are preserved to 
 enrich the splendid collection—one of the chief glories of the Guy’s 
 School.’’ 
 (Aneurism of the aorta, by Dr. Grant. Canadian Medical Association, 
 Sept. 2, 1885.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Med. News, Phila., 
 1885, xlvii, 379-380. 
 
 Small aneurisms of arch of aorta; compression and perforation of 
 trachea; death from suffocation. (Specimen presented, Pathological 
 Society of Philadelphia, Oct. 8, 1885.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., 
 (1885-87), 1887, xiii, 74-75. 
 
 (Ganglion of wrist-joint, by Dr. J. B. Roberts. Pathological Society 
 of Philadelphia, Nov. 12, 1885.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. 
 Med. Times, Phila., 1885, xvi, 213. 
 
 (Diabetes mellitus, by Dr. J. H. Musser. Pathological Society of Phila- 
 delphia, Nov. 12, 1885.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Med. Times, 
 Phila., 1885, xvi, 212. 
 
 (The most prominent anatomical lesions of chronic alcoholism, by H. F. 
 Formad. Paper and specimens presented Pathological Society of 
 Philadelphia, Nov. 12, 1885.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Tr. Path. 
 Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 1887, xiii, 235-236. Also, Maryland M. J., 
 1885-86, xiv, 106-109: Med. Times, Phila., 1885, xvi, 214. 
 
 Ferran on the morphology of the comma-bacillus. (Unsigned editorial.) 
 Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvi, 717. 
 
 Tubercle bacilli and giant cells. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1885, xlvii, 406. 
 On the investigations of Baumgarten and Weigert. 
 An atlas of clinical microscopy, by Alexander Peyer, translated and edited 
 
 by Alfred C. Girard. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1885. (Unsigned 
 book review.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 662. 
 
 Cdema of the lungs. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, 
 xlvii, 491. 
 
 
 
 
 
- 
 
 504 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsuR 
 
 Reviews theory of increased pulmonary pressure secondary to paralysis 
 of left ventricle. 
 
 Actinomycosis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila. 1885, xlvii, 
 517-518. 
 
 Review of the subject from the date of Bollinger’s and Israel’s papers 
 (1877). 
 The bacillus of syphilis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, 
 xlvii, 710-711. 
 
 Describes the Lustgarten bacillus, afterwards shown by Klemperer and 
 Matterstock to be identical, or similar to, the smegma bacillus. 
 
 A manual of microscopical technology for use in investigations of medi- 
 eine and pathological anatomy, by Carl Friedlander, translated from the 
 second edition by Stephen Yates Howell. New York: G. P. Putman’s 
 Sons, 1885. (Unsigned book review.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlviii, 16. 
 
 ‘‘An intimate acquaintance with its first and second editions enables 
 us to speak very positively of the merits of this manual as.a reliable, 
 practical guide.’’ 
 
 Acute endocarditis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, 
 
 xlvii, 459. 
 
 On the important communication made by Orth at the Congress of 
 German Naturalists and Physicians, demonstrating micro-organisms in 
 all cases of ulcerative endocarditis, while absent in the simple verrucose 
 form. 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 (Amyloid disease following chronic dysentery, by Dr. T. 8S. K. Morton, 
 at Pathological Society of Philadelphia, Jan. 14, 1886.) Discussion by 
 Dr. Osler. Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 1887, xiii, 21-24. 
 Also, Maryland M. J., 1885-86, xiv, 269. 
 
 A case of retro-peritoneal spindle-celled sarcoma with extensive throm 
 botic and hemorrhagic changes. (Specimen presented, Pathological 
 Society of Philadelphia, Jan. 14, 1886.) Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 
 1887, xiii, 211-216. Also, New York M. J., 1886, xliii, 136: Maryland 
 M. J., Balt., 1885-86, xiv, 269-271: Semi-Month. J. Proc. Path. Soe. 
 Phila., Wilmington, Del., 1886, i, 3-4: J. Am. M. Assoc., 1886, vi, 107- 
 108: Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 263-264. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, 
 ii, No. 69.] 
 
 This article was also published under the title: Spindle-celled sarcoma 
 of the retro-peritoneum with extensive thrombotic degeneration. 
 
 The structure of certain gliomata. (Address read before the Sri 
 Neurological Society, Jan. 26, 1886.) Rept. Med. Times, Phila., 1885-86, 
 xvi, 394-395. Also, Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 220-221. 
 
 I. Hemorrhagic pancreatitis, with swelling of the semilunar ganglia and 
 Pacinian corpuscles. (With W. E. Hughes.) I. Pyopneumo-thorax 
 subphrenicus. (Specimens presented, Pathological Society of Phila- 
 delphia, Jan. 28, 1886.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 1887, 
 xiii, 24-25, 113-115. Also, Semi-Month. J. Proc. Path. Soc, Phila., 
 Wilmington, 1886, i, 5, 7. 
 
 *Aneurism of the larger cerebral arteries. (Presented, Pathological ed 
 ety of Philadelphia, May 13, 1886.) Tr. Path. Soc. Phila. ( 
 1887, xiii, 87-93. Also, Canada M. g- S. J., Montreal, 1885-86, xiv, 0 
 666. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 75.] 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE 
 
 USPID CONDITION OF THE AORTIC VALVES. 
 
 ' 
 ) 
 
 BIC 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER, M.D., F.R.C.P. Lowp., 
 
 PROFESSOB OF CLINICAL MEDICINE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 REPRINTED FROM THE 
 
 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS, 
 
 JUNE 18, 1886. 
 
 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 WM. J. DORNAN, PRINTER. 
 
 
 
 1886, 
 
 page of one of Osler’s most important contributions in the field 
 (Rubric II. 1). 
 
 Fig. 5.—Title- 
 
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 506 CLAssIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY or Wm. Ostzr 
 
 Based on a series of cases of which ten abstracts are given, mainly 
 from his service as pathologist at the Montreal General Hospital. 
 (Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1876-77, v, 57-58; 1882-83, xi, 548-549), 
 
 Specimen from a case of tuberculosis of both lungs, with implication 
 of the suprarenal bodies and tuberculous ulceration of the colon— 
 symptoms of Addison’s disease. (With J. C. Wilson. Specimen 
 presented, Pathological Society of Philadelphia, May 27, 1886.) Rept. 
 Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 1887, xiii, 248-251. 
 
 (Spasm of the glottis in rickets, by Dr. James T. Whitaker. Presented, 
 Association of American Physicians, Washington, D. C., June 17, 1886.) 
 Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Trans. Assn. Am. Phys., 1886, i, 77. 
 
 This was the first meeting of the Association. 
 
 *The bicuspid condition of the aortic valves. (Presented, Association of 
 American Physicians, Washington, D. C., June 17, 1886.) Tr. Assoc. 
 Am. Physicians, Phila., 1886, i, 185-192. Rept. J. Am. M. Assoc., 
 Chicago, 1886, vii, 49-50. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 72.] 
 
 (Certain elements found in the blood in cases of malarial fever, by 
 Dr. W. T. Councilman. Association of American Physicians, Wash- 
 ington, D. C., June 18, 1886.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Tr. 
 Assoc. Am. Physicians, Phila., 1886, i, 96. 
 
 Atrophy of the stomach with the clinical features of progressive per- 
 nicious anemia. (With Frederick P. Henry.) Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 
 1886, n. s., xci, 498-511 (4 fig.) [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 70.] 
 
 Acute phthisis. (Card specimen, presented Pathological Society of Phila- 
 delphia, June 24, 1886.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., 1887, xiii, 306. 
 
 (Ovariotomy, by Dr. Clara Marshall. Philadelphia Clinical Society, Oct. 22, 
 1886.) Autopsy by Dr. Osler. Rept. Maryland M. J., 1886-87, xvi, 142. 
 
 Embolism of right middle cerebral artery; chronic nephritis. (Specimen 
 presented, Philadelphia Neurological Society, Oct. 25, 1886.) Rept. 
 Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlix, 554. 
 
 I. Anomalous anterior papillary muscle; II. Aneurism of thoracic aorta; 
 perforation into left pleura; III. tTwo cases of four leaflets to the 
 pulmonary valve. (Specimens presented. Pathological Society of 
 Philadelphia, Nov. 11, 1886.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 
 1887, xiii, 95-96; 302-303. 
 
 I. Three eases of abscess of liver; II. Two cases of cancer of the 
 stomach; III. Bicuspid pulmonary valve; IV. Cancer of the colon; 
 V. Intestine passed by the anus. (Specimens presented, Pathological 
 Society of Philadelphia, Dec. 9, 1886.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., 
 (1885-87), 1887, xiii, 50-54; 305, 504. 
 
 Addendum to paper on cerebral aneurisms. Canada M. § 8. J., Montreal, 
 1885-86, xiv, 710-711. ane 
 
 Cites two additional cases presented at the Medico-Chirurgical Society 
 of Montreal, on Nov. 17, 1882, and May 25, 1883. 
 
 Experimental endocarditis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 
 1886, xlviii, 183. . 
 Review of recent work of Orth and Ribbert on the production of 
 acute endocarditis by injection of micro-organisms. 
 
 *Specimens in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 +One of these specimens is still in the Pathological Museum of the Philadelphia 
 General Hospital, and is figured here facing page 235. 
 
 
 

 
 5 
 
 Il. Paruwotoay—2. HumMAaAn—PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 507 
 
 The malarial germ of Laveran. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1886, xlix, 265-266. 
 Discusses confirmation of Laveran’s findings by Marchiafava and Celli, 
 Tommasi-Crudelli, Councilman, Sternberg and Osler himself. 
 Filaria sanguinis hominis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1886, xlviii, 438. 
 On Guitéras’s discovery that this hematozo6n is native in the United 
 States. 
 1887 
 
 An address on the hematozoa of malaria. (Delivered Pathological Soci- 
 ety of Philadelphia, Oct. 28, 1886.) Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 
 1887, xii, 255-276. Also, Brot. M. J., Lond., 1887, i, 556-562 (15 
 illus.) [In his: C. r., 1882-92, 11, No. 76.] 
 
 The annual address of the ‘‘Conversational Meeting’’ of the Phila- 
 delphia Society; based on the study of fifty-two cases, fully illustrated. 
 A few months previously, at the meeting of the Association of American 
 Physicians, he had been very skeptical of the nature of these organisms, 
 but had apparently set to work to solve the problem with this 
 brilliant result. 
 
 Old hemiplegia. (Card specimen presented, Pathological Society of Phila- 
 delphia, Jan. 13, 1887.) Rept, Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 1887, 
 xiii, 308. 
 
 Sarcoma of the left frontal lobe. (Specimen presented, Pathological 
 Society of Philadelphia, Jan. 27, 1887.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., 
 (1885-87), 1887, xiii, 186. 
 
 Large plebolith of long saphenous vein. (Specimen presented, Path- 
 ological Society of Philadelphia, Feb. 10, 1887.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soe. 
 Phila., (1885-87), 1887, xiii, 98. 
 
 I. Hernia of cecum and appendix; perforation of latter; old perityphlitic 
 abscess; recent larger one; general peritonitis; II. Cirrhosis of liver; 
 fatal hemorrhage from csophageal varix. (Specimens presented, 
 Pathological Society of Philadelphia, Feb. 24, 1887.) Rept. Tr. Path. 
 Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 1887, xiii, 64-66; 276-277. 
 
 (Tumour of the optic thalamus, by Dr. C. K. Mills, Pathological Society 
 of Philadelphia, Feb. 24, 1887.) Autopsy by Dr. Osler. Rept. Tr. 
 Path. Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 1887, xiii, 191-193. 
 
 In the discussion, Osler refers to a paper presented by him to this 
 Society Jan. 23, 1879, describing a similar case of tumour of brain 
 _in front of the optic chiasm. 
 
 Duodenal ulcer, clinical and anatomical considerations based on nine cases. 
 Canada M. § 8. J., Montreal, 1886-87, xv, 449-461. [In his: C. r., 1882- 
 92, 11, No. 74.] 
 
 Rupture of the posterior papillary muscle of the left ventricle of the 
 heart. (Specimen presented, Pathological Society of Philadelphia, 
 March 10, 1887.). Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 1887, xiii, 
 98-100. 
 
 The case was ‘‘unique in my experience’’ as affording no evidence 
 of vegetations. The coronaries were atheromatous. 
 
 (Diagnostic value of tubercle bacilli in sputa, by Dr. H. M. Fussell. 
 Philadelphia County Medical Society, April 27, 1887.) Discussion, by 
 Dr. Osler. Rept. Med. News, Phila., 1887, 1, 556. 
 
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 508 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Oster 
 
 (Large tumour of the right frontal lobe without the presence of active 
 symptoms, by Dr. G. E. de Schweinitz, May 26, 1887.) Dr. Osler 
 assisted at autopsy. Rept. Zr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 1887, 
 xili, 202. 
 
 Notes on hemorrhagic infarction. (Presented, Association American 
 Physicians, Philadelphia, June 2, 1887.) Tr. Assoc. Am. Physicians, 
 Phila., 1887, ii, 133-141. Also, Boston M. & S. J., 1887, exvii, 325-328. 
 [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 79.] 
 
 Osler refers to his article, ‘‘Pylephlebitis adhesiva’’ (J. Anat. ¢ 
 Physiol., Lond., 1881-82, xvi, 208-216). The paper was discussed by 
 Dr. Reginald H. Fitz, of Boston. 
 
 (Atrophy of the gastric tubules—its relation to pernicious anemia, by 
 Dr. F. P. Kinnicutt. Association of American Physicians, Washington, 
 D. C., June 3, 1887.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Tr. Ass. Am. 
 Physicians, Phila., 1887, ii, 197-198. Also, Med. Rec. N. Y., 1887, 
 xxxi, 694. 
 
 Embolism of left anterior cerebral artery; softening of left frontal 
 lobe. (Specimen presented, Pathological Society of Philadelphia, June 
 9, 1887.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1885-87), 1887, xiii, 202-203. 
 
 (The anthrax epidemic at Guelph, by Dr. W. H. B. Aikins. Canadian 
 Medical Association, Hamilton, Ont., Aug. 31, 1887.) Blood examina- 
 tion, by Dr. Osler. Canad. Pract., 1887, xii, 279. 
 
 *The cardiac relations of chorea. (Read by title at annual meeting 
 Canadian Medical Association, Hamilton, Ontario, September 1, 1887.) 
 Am. J. M. Se., Phila., 1887, n. s., xciv, 371-386. Abstr.: Braithwaite’s 
 Retrospect of Medicine, 1888, xevii, 20-21. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, u, 
 No. 78.] 
 
 Based on three cases from his autopsy service of the Montreal General 
 Hospital, and upon a statistical study of the condition of the heart some 
 years after the attack in 110 cases in the practice of the Philadelphia 
 Infirmary for Nervous Disease. Comments upon ‘‘extraordinary fre- 
 quency with which mitral valvulitis is met with in fatal cases. There 
 is no known disease in which endocarditis is so constantly found, as 
 1M CROCE. . 6 6s2ces In a considerable proportion of eases of chorea 
 —much larger than has previously been supposed—the complicating 
 endocarditis lays the foundation of organic heart disease.’’ 
 
 Thrombosis of portal vein. (Specimen presented, Pathological Society 
 of Philadelphia, Sept. 22, 1887.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1887-89), 
 1891, xiv, 104-105. Also, M. g S. Reporter, Phila., 1887, lvii, 576-577: 
 J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1887, ix, 598-599. 
 
 (A ease of unilateral convulsions and another of hemiplegia occurring 
 in uremia, by F. X. Dercum. Philadelphia Neurological Society, Oct. 
 24,1887.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. J. Nerv. § Ment. Ds., Nias 
 1887, xiv, 769-770. 
 
 (Some further investigations on the malarial germ of Laveran, by Dr. 
 W. T. Councilman. Pathological Society of Philadelphia, Oct. 27, 
 1887.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1887-89). 
 1891, xiv, 268-269. 
 
 I. *Disease of the coronary artery; fibroid heart. II. Mitral stenosis; 
 three attacks of chorea; II. *Aneurism of a branch of the pene: 
 artery in a phthisical cavity; IV. Aneurism of the left middle cerebra 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
e;, 
 
 II. PatrHotogy—2. HumMan—PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 509 
 
 artery; V. Combined mitral and aortic disease; VI. Large fibro- 
 cystic goitre; hemorrhage; sudden death. (Specimens presented, 
 Pathological Society of Philadelphia, Nov. 10, 1887.) Rept. Tr. Path. 
 Soc. Phila., (1887-89), 1891, xiv, 106-108; 114-119. 
 
 I, Chronic ozena; ulceration of larynx and trachea; cachexia; hematemesis 
 and melena; ulceration of Peyer’s patches; IT. Nevus of thymus gland. 
 (Specimens presented, Pathological Society of Philadelphia, Dec. 22, 
 1887.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1887-89), 1891, xiv, 45-47; 270-271. 
 
 Actinomycosis hominis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 
 }, 102. 
 
 On Skerritt’s case of extension of the infection from the lungs to the 
 liver via the diaphragm. 
 
 The etiology of acute endocarditis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1887, li, 395. 
 
 A further review of the association of micro-organisms with ulcera- 
 tive endocarditis as shown by the work of Orth, Prudden, and others. 
 
 1888 
 
 The etiology of cancer. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1888, 
 hii, 18. 
 
 Reviews recent observations supporting the parasitic origin of can- 
 
 cer, and the negative culture experiments of Ballance and Shattock. 
 
 Two cases of ulcerative endocarditis. (Specimens presented, January 12, 
 1888.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1887-89), 1891, xiv, 123-124. Also, 
 Univ. M. Mag., Phila., 1888-89, i, 31-32. 
 
 Case of cholesteatoma of floor of third ventricle and of the infundibulum. 
 (7 figs.) (Read before the Philadelphia Neurological Society, January 
 25, 1888.) J. Nerv. § Mental Dis., N. Y., 1887, n. s., xiv, 657-673. [In 
 his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 81.] 
 
 In this, one of his longest case histories, the post mortem, the slides 
 and apparently the drawing were made by Osler himself. 
 
 Anemic necrosis of the heart-muscle. (Specimen presented, Pathological 
 Society of Philadelphia, Jan. 26, 1888.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., 
 (1887-89), 1891, xiv, 125-126. 
 
 . Cancer of the mesentery; shortening and matting of the intestinal 
 coil, with simulation of abdominal tumour; II. Multiple aneurisms of 
 aorta; external rupture; III. Aneurisms of the splenic artery; IV. 
 Gall-stone at the orifice of the common duct; hepatic intermittent 
 fever. (Specimens presented, Pathological Society of Philadelphia, 
 Feb. 9, 1888.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1887-89), 1891, xiv, 51-52; 
 126-127. Also, Med. g& Surg. Rept., Phila., 1888, lviii, 240. <Abstr.: The 
 Epitome, 1888, ix, 172. 
 
 (Cardiac aneurism from an insane man, by Dr. W. B. Jameson, Phila- 
 delphia Neurological Society, Feb. 27, 1888.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. 
 Rept. J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., N. Y., 1888, n. s., xv, 252. 
 
 Tubercular disease of cecum and colon; chronic phthisis; typhoid state. 
 (Specimen presented, Pathological Society of Philadelphia, Mar. 22, 
 1888.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soo. Phila., (1887-89), 1891, xiv, 65-66. 
 
 Glioma of medulla oblongata. J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., N. Y., 1888, n. s., 
 xili, 172-175 (3 fig.) [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 85.] 
 
 —_ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 510 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLer 
 
 Cases of diseases of the appendix and cecum. Med. ¢ Surg. Reporter, 
 Phila., 1888, lix, 419-422. (Presented, Canadian Medical Association, 
 Chatham, September 2, 1885. Rept. Canad. J. M. Sc., Toronto, 1885, x, 
 283.) [In his: C. r., 1882-92, i, No. 87.] 
 
 Seven cases of anomalies of position; eleven cases of ulceration; four 
 eases of obliteration of the lumen of the appendix; six cases of per- 
 foration with perityphlytic abscess; two cases of perityphlytic from 
 exeal diseases—thirty-three cases in all. ‘‘I have never met with a 
 foreign body in the appendix.’’ 
 
 Pulsating pleurisy. (Presented, [by title], Association American Phy- 
 sicians, Washington, D. C., Sept. 20, 1888.) Tr. Ass. Am. Physicians, 
 Phila., 1888, iii, 330-338. Also, Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1889, n. s., xevii, 
 43-50. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 95.] 
 
 Yellow fever inoculations. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1888, lii, 465. 
 
 On Freire’s suppositious micro-organism and its rejection by Stern- 
 berg. 
 
 The influence of hydrofluoric acid on tubercle bacilli. (Unsigned edi- 
 torial.) Med. News, Phila., 1888, lii, 717. 
 
 Review of work by Grancher and Chautaud disproving Dr. Trudeau’s 
 conclusions. — 
 
 I. Aneurism of aorta; II. Calcification of dura mater; III. Pachymenin- 
 gitis hemorrhagica. (Specimens presented, Pathological Society of 
 Philadelphia, Oct. 11, 1888.) Rept. Zr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1887-89), 
 1891, xiv, 137-138; 217-218. 
 
 Note on pachymeningitis hemorrhagica. (Presented, Philadelphia Neuro- ; 
 logical Society, Oct. 22, 1888.) Rept. J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., N. Y., 
 1888, n. s., xiii, 608-612. Also, Med. News, Phila., 1888, lili, 563-565. 
 Abstr.: The Epitome, 1888, ix, 607. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 90.! 
 
 On lesions of the conus medullaris and cauda equina, and on the situa- 
 tion of the ano-vesical centre in man. (Read before the Philadelphia 
 Neurological Society, October 22, 1888.) Med. News, Phila., 1888, liii, 
 669-671, (1 illus.). [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 91.] 
 
 (Embolism of the middle cerebral artery, left hemiplegia, ulcerative 
 endocarditis and late general convulsions, and skin infarcts, by Dr. W. 
 T. Sharpless, Philadelphia Neurological Society, Oct. 22, 1888) Dis- 
 cussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. J. Nerv. § Ment. Dis., N. Y., 1888, xv, 620. 
 
 Dr. Osler’s remarks were confined to embolism. 
 
 Acute phthisis; erosion of a large branch of the pulmonary artery; 
 sudden fatal hemoptysis. (Specimen presented, Pathological Society 
 of Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1888.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1887-89), 
 1891, xiv, 169. 
 
 Colitis; gangrenous infarct of lung; pneumothorax. (Specimen presented, 
 Pathological Society of Philadelphia, Nov. 8, 1888.) Rept. Tr. Path. 
 Soc. Phila., (1887-89), 1891, xiv, 169-170. 
 
 I. Caneer of the stomach; extreme mobility of tumour; I. Partial fusion 
 of the two segments of the pulmonary semilunar valves. (Specimens 
 presented, Pathological Society of Philadelphia, Nov. 22, 1888.) Rept. 
 Tr. Path. Soc. Phila., (1887-89), 1891, xiv, 83-84; 151. Also, Univ. M. 
 Mag., Phila., 1888-89, i, 368-370. 
 
 The President’s address. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1888, 
 
 liii, 324. 
 
 
 

 
 4 
 
 Il. Patruotocy—2. HumMAN—PHILADELPHIA PERIop 511 
 
 On the address of Dr. J. S. Billings to the Congress of American 
 Physicians and Surgeons on the origin and growth of the Army 
 Medical Museum, and on the value of museum collections. 
 
 1889 
 
 The anatomical tubercle. Montreal M. J., 1888-89, xvii, 418-419. 
 ‘*T have myself eight or ten scars from these warts, which I have had 
 at times on my hands during the past fifteen years. They rarely in- 
 crease in size beyond a quarter of a dollar piece, are seldom painful, 
 and are only unpleasant on account of the disfigurement. In my case 
 they have lasted variable periods, from four to five weeks to eight 
 or nine months. - 
 
 (Hemorrhage into the centrum ovale of the postero-frontal and parietal 
 lobes, by Dr. A. Eshner. Philadelphia Neurological Society, Jan. 28, 
 1889.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. J. Nerv. ¢ Ment. Dis., N. Y., 
 1889, xvi, 177. 
 
 ‘‘Sneeimen filed in the museum of MeGill College.’’ 
 ab 
 
 Typhlitis and appendicitis. (Presented, Toronto Medical Society, Dee. 
 26, 1888.) Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1888-89, xxi, 1935-196. 
 
 Acute nephritis in typhoid fever. (Specimen presented, Pathological 
 Society of Philadelphia, Feb. 28, 1889.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc. Phiia., 
 (1887-89), 1891, xiv, 200. 
 
 Rupture of the heart. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1889, 
 liv, 129-130. 
 
 A critical review of an article by Meyer presenting 9 new cases of 
 this rare condition, and analyzing 25 cases recorded since 1870. 
 
 (Chronic endocarditis, by Dr. Francis Delafield, fortieth annual meeting, 
 American Medical Association, June 26, 1889.) Discussion by Dr. 
 Osler. Rept. Boston M. & S. J., 1889, exxi, 38-39. 
 
 Sensory aphasia; word blindness with hemianopsia. (Specimen presented, 
 fortieth annual meeting American Medical Association, Newport, R. L., 
 June 26, 1889.) Rept. Boston M. § S. J., 1889, exxi, 39. Also, Med. 
 Rec., N. Y., 1889, xxxv, 713. 
 
 Dr. Osler also exhibited some specimens of brains, prepared according 
 to the Italian method, with zinc, zine chloride, glycerine, ete. 
 
 Case of syphiloma of the cord of the cauda equina—death from diffuse 
 central myelitis. J. Nerv. § Ment. Dis., N. Y., 1889, n. s., xiv, 499-507 
 (1 chart and 5 fig.). [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 100.] 
 
 Note on intrathoracic growths developing from the thyroid gland. Med. 
 News, Phila., 1889, lv, 257. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 98.] 
 
 (Thrombosis of cerebral sinuses and veins, by Dr. A. Brayton Ball. 
 Association of American Physicians, Washington, D. C., Sept. 18, 1889.) 
 Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Tr. Ass. Am. Physicians, Phila., 1889, 
 iv, 73-74. Also, Med. Rec., N. Y., 1889, xxxvi, 351. 
 
 Autopsies performed at the Philadelphia General Hospital, 1885-1889, (unpub- 
 lished. ) 
 
 During his four and a quarter years on the clinical staff, Osler performed 162 
 autopsies, of which forty-eight were on cases of tuberculosis. These records, 
 many of which are in his own handwriting, are still extant. 2#. B. K. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 512 CuassirieED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLER 
 
 BALTIMORE PERIOD 
 (1890-1905) 
 
 1890 
 
 *Rare forms of cardiac thrombi. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Kep., Balt., 1890, 
 li, 56-61. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 104.] 
 
 1891 
 
 Interstitial processes in the central nervous system. (Illustrated lecture 
 delivered at the second triennial session of the Congress of American 
 Physicians & Surgeons, Washington, D. C., Sept. 22-25, 1891.) Tr. Cong. 
 Am. Phys. §& Surg., 1891, N. Haven, 1892, ii, 144-146. [In hts: C. 1, 
 1892-97, iii, No. 121.] 
 
 Two cases of pernicious malaria. (Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical 
 Society, Oct. 5, 1891.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1891, ii, 
 161-162. 
 
 Reports of two deaths, with autopsies, one evidently by Dr. Osler, the 
 other by Dr. Welch. 
 1895 
 
 Case of cerebral hemorrhage in a fetus. Teratologia, Lond. & Edinb., 
 1895, ii, 13. 
 1896 
 
 On the association of enormous heart hypertrophy, chronic proliferative 
 
 peritonitis and recurring ascites, with adherent pericardium. (Pre 
 sented, American Pediatrie Society, Virginia Hot Springs, May 28, 1895.) 
 Arch. Pediat., N. Y., 1896, xiii, 1-10. [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 169.] 
 
 1903 
 
 Aneurysm of upper part of thoracic aorta. (Proc. Johns Hopkins Hos- 
 pital Medical Society, Oct. 20, 1902). Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 
 1903, xiv, 85. | 
 
 1905 . 
 
 Report of a case of ulcerative endocarditis, with embolism of the 
 aorta. (Report and specimen presented, Johns Hopkins Hospital Medi. 
 cal Society, Dec. 19, 1904.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 19 
 xvi, 118. 
 
 OXFORD PERIOD 
 (1905-1919) 
 
 1919 
 
 Influenzal pneumonia: bilateral rigidity, spinal meningitis with he- 
 morrhage into the theca vertebralis and nerve roots. (Case-report and 
 autopsy by Sir Wm. Osler.) Lancet, Lond., 1919, i, 501. 
 
 ‘‘Next morning, in the absence of Major Gibson, I did the post- 
 mortem.’’ 
 (The last post-mortem he did. A. M.) 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 
III. CLINICAL MEDICINE 
 
 (SEE ALSO UNDER I. NATURAL SCIENCE, INCLUDING ARTICLES 
 OF ORIGINAL RESEARCH) 
 
 CANADIAN PERIOD 
 (1869-1884) 
 
 1872 
 
 Fissure of anus. (Case under care of Dr. D. C. MacCallum, at Montreal 
 General Hospital.) Reported by Mr. W. Osler. Canada M. J., Montreal, 
 1872, viii, 113-114. 
 
 Angina Ludovici. (Case under care of Dr. D. C. MacCallum, at Montreal 
 General Hospital.) Reported by Mr. W. Osler. Canada M. J., Montreal, 
 1872, viii, 114-115. 
 
 Suppurative nephritis. (Case under the care of Dr. D. C. MacCallum. 
 Reported by Mr. W. Osler.) Canada M. & 8S. J. Montreal, 1872, viii, 
 115-116. 
 
 1875 
 
 Case of scarlatina miliaris. Canada M. ¢& S. J., Montreal, 1875-76, iv, 49-54. 
 [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 5.] 
 
 1876 
 
 Anomalies in the development of vaccine pustules. Translation, (Heller, 
 Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissen.) Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1875-76, 
 iv, 449-451. 
 
 Passage of an unusually large gall-stone, by Dr. G. von Dessauer (of 
 Valparaiso.) Virchow’s Arch., Berlin, 1876, lxvi, 271-272. (Transla- 
 tion. ) Canada M. g S. J., Montreal, 1875-76, iv, 500-503. 
 
 Cites a case seen Dec. 12, 1873, with notes by Virchow and one signed 
 ‘¢ W. O.’’, in which Osler records Archer’s case seen, in the spring 
 of same year. 
 
 Treatment of convulsions in children by anesthetics, by Dr. Ortille. 
 Bull. de Thérap., quoted in Schmidt’s Jahrbiicher, Leipzig, 1876, clxix, 
 43-44, (Translation.) Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1875-76, iv, 556-597. 
 
 The initial rashes of smallpox. Canada M. ¢ S. J., Montreal, 1876-77, v, 
 240-254. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 8.] 
 
 Clinical notes on small-pox. I. The initial rashes of small-pox. IL. 
 Hemorrhagic small-pox. III. A form of hemorrhagic small-pox. 
 Montreal, 1876. Gazette Printing House, 35 pp., 8° [Jn his: Gr, 
 1870-82, i, Nos. 8, 9, 10.] 
 
 This is a collection of three papers published as a brochure under the 
 main title. The first two appeared in the Canada M. & 8. Jd., 1876-77, 
 v, 241-255; 289-304. The third apparently was added at the time of 
 publication of the brochure. 
 
 513 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 514 CuassirieD ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsiEr 
 
 1877 
 
 Hemorrhagic small-pox. Canada M. § 8S. J., Montreal, 1876-77, v, 289-304, 
 [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 9.] 
 
 1878 
 
 The influence of position for hearing heart murmurs. (Read before McGill 
 Medical Society of Montreal, Nov. 24, 1877.) Canada M. & 8S. J., Mon- 
 treal, 1877-78, vi, 335. (By title). 
 
 After showing some pathological specimens, Dr. Osler is stated to have 
 read the above paper, but neither the article itself nor an abstract is 
 given. 
 
 1879 
 
 [Lecture on the different forms of phthisis, by Sir Andrew Clark, in the 
 Hall of the Natural History Society, Montreal, Dec. 5, 1878.] Discussion, 
 by Dr. Osler. Rept. L’Union M. du Canada, Montreal, 1879, viii, 63. 
 Also, Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 206. 
 
 Initial rash in small-pox. (Case reported Medico-Chirurgical Society of 
 Montreal, March 21, 1879.) Rept. Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1878-79, 
 vii, 217. 
 
 (Lectures on localization in diseases of the brain. Delivered at the 
 Faculté de Médicine, Paris, 1875, by Prof. J. M. Charcot. Edited by 
 Bourneville, and translated by Dr. Edward P. Fowler.) New York: 
 William Wood & Co., 1878, 133 pp., 8° (Unsigned book review.) 
 Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 409-410. 
 
 II. Acute Bright’s disease in a child. Remarkable persistence of blood- 
 corpuscles and casts in the urine after disappearance of albumin. 
 Medical cases under Dr. Osler. (Reported by Mr. Andrew Henderson.) 
 Canada M. & 8S. J., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 455. 
 
 III. Aphasia with right-sided hemiplegia, coming on fifteen days after 
 delivery. Medical cases under Dr. Osler. (Reported by D. Mignault, 
 B.A.) Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 492-493. 
 
 IV. Acute rheumatism treated with salicylate of soda. Delirium apparently 
 caused by remedy. Medical cases under Dr. Osler. (Reported by B. 
 E. Mackenzie, B.A.) Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1878-79, vii, 493-494. 
 
 V. Concussion of brain—temporary hemiplegia—general convulsions— 
 rapid recovery; VI. Aggravated stuttering, following fall on the head. 
 Medical cases under Dr. Osler. (Reported by Dr. Imrie.) Canada M. 
 & 8. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 8-9. 
 
 VII. Extreme irregularity of heart. Medical cases under Dr. Osler. 
 (Reported by Mr. E. J. Rogers.) Canada M. ¢ S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, 
 viii, 9-10. 
 
 VIII. Chronic pleurisy; flattening of sides of chest. Medical cases under Dr, 
 Osler. (Reported by Mr. W. McEachran.) Canada M. § 5S. J., Mon- 
 treal, 1879-80, viii, 109-111. 
 
 1880 
 
 On the systolic brain murmur of children. Boston M. & S. J., 1880, 
 ciii, 29-30. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 30.] 
 
 On heredity in progressive muscular atrophy as illustrated in the Fart 
 family of Vermont. Arch. Med., N. Y., 1880, iv, 316-320. [In his: C. Ty 
 1870-82, i, No. 33.] 
 
 
 

 
 >, 
 
 III. Curnican Mrepicins—CanapbIAN Prriop 515 
 
 (Chronic dementia, by Dr. Hy. Howard, Medico-Chirurgical Society of 
 Montreal, March 19, 1880.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Canada M. 
 g S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 450. Also, Canada, Med. Rec., Montreal, 
 1879-80, vili, 195. 
 
 On a remarkable heart-murmur, heard at a distance from chest-wall. 
 (Patient presented Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, April 30, 
 1880.) Med. Tvmes § Gaz., Lond., 1880, ii, 432-433. Rept. Canada M. 
 § 8S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 518-519. Also, Med. & Abstr., Phila., 
 1881, 31-33. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 34.] 
 
 Retro-peritoneal cancer, Medical cases under Dr. Osler. (Reported by 
 Mr. J. W. Ross.) Canada M. § 8S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 161-162. 
 
 1881 
 
 Clinical lecture in idiopathic or pernicious anemia. Canad. J. M. Sce., 
 Toronto, 1881, vi, 135-141. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 39.] 
 
 Case I. Apex pneumonia; resolution in the fourth week. Case II. 
 Pneumonia of right lung; resolution in eighth week. (Presented 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Nov. 12, 1880.) Canada M. ¢ 
 S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 352-353. 
 
 Clinical cases with recovery illustrating paper on ‘‘ Delayed Resolution 
 in Pneumonia’’ presented at this meeting. (Listed under IT. 2). 
 
 Clinical lecture on a case of fibroid phthisis. (Delivered at the Montreal 
 General Hospital in the summer session course, May 10, 1881.) Canada 
 M. § S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 641-650. [In his: ©. r 1870-82, 1, 
 No. 40.] 
 
 (Empyema. By Dr. Phelps. Presented Medico-Chirurgical Society of 
 Montreal, May 27, 1881.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Canada M. 
 § S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 746. 
 
 y 
 
 1882 
 
 A clinical lecture on empyema and its antiseptic treatment. (Delivered 
 at Montreal General Hospital, June 24, 1882. Reported by S. A. Abbott, 
 of the Hansard Staff.) Med. News, Phila., 1882, xli, 113-115. [In his: 
 C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 50.] 
 
 (Climatology, by Dr. Worthington. Fifteenth annual meeting Canada 
 Medical Association at Toronto, Sept. 8, 1882.) Discussion by Dr. 
 Osler. Rept. Med. News., Phila., 1882, xli, 357. 
 
 Summer session clinics. No. 1. Cases of inherited syphilis. No. 2. 
 Acute Bright’s disease. Nos. 3-4. Pneumonia. No. 5. Leucocythxmia. 
 Montreal, 1882, 44 p., 80. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 48.] No. 
 1 published also under title ‘‘Clinical remarks on cases of inherited 
 Syphilis.’”’ Canada M. § S.. J., Montreal, 1881-82, x, 588-592. No. 5 
 also under title ‘‘Clinical remarks on leucocythemia, Ibid, 719-727. 
 
 Obstinate quotidian ague. Canada M. g- S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 29-30. 
 
 Clinical notes on hematemesis in chronic splenic tumour. (Read before 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Oct. 20, 1882.) Canada M. 
 § 8. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 267-270. Rept. Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 
 1882-83, xi, 30. Also, Med. News, Phila., 1882, xli, 581. 
 
 On echinococcus disease in America. (Presented at the Canada Medical 
 Association, Toronto, Sept. 6, 1882.) Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1882, n. s., 
 Ixxxiv, 475-480. Rept. Med. News, Phila., 1882, xli, 354. Also, Canada 
 Lancet, Toronto, 1882-83, xv, 44-45: L’Union Méd. du Canada, Montreal, 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 516 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY oF Wm. Oster 
 
 1882, xi, 521, Edit.: Med. News, Phila., 1884-85, xlvii, 132. [In his: 
 C. r., 1882-92, No. 62.] 
 
 Communicates the results of an enquiry into the prevalence of the 
 affection in North America, with sixty-one cases collected from journals 
 and private sources. 
 
 1883 
 
 Preataxic tabes dorsalis. Med. News, Phila., 1883, xliii, 197-199. [Jn his: 
 C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 56.] 
 
 (Tonsillotomy and uvulotomy, by Dr. Mills. Presented Medico-Chirurgi- 
 cal Society of Montreal, Feb. 2, 1883.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. 
 Rept. Canada M. & 8S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 498. 
 
 [Remarks on pigeon-breast.] (Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, 
 Feb. 2, 1883.) Discussion. Rept. Canada M. ¢ 8S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, 
 xi, 498. 
 
 Clinical remarks on the nephritis of pregnancy. (Delivered during the 
 summer session of the McGill Medical Faculty, April 10, 1883.) Canad. 
 Pract., Toronto, 1883, viii, 133-137. 
 
 A case for localization. (Living case presented Medico-Chirurgical Soci- 
 ety of Montreal, April 27, 1883.) Rept. Canada M. & 8. J., Montreal, 
 1882-83, xi, 682-683. Also, Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 197- 
 198. Also, Med. News, Phila., 1883, 636. 
 
 This case formed the basis of his study of Jacksonian epilepsy listed 
 below in this rubric, and the pathological specimen obtained at the 
 autopsy some months later was also presented at the Soeiety on Dec. 
 14, 1883, and is listed above in Rubric IT. 2. 
 
 Empyema, discharging through lung, recovery. (Account given before 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, May 11, 1883.) Rept. Canada 
 M. §& S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 743-744. Also, Can. M. Rec., 1882-83, 
 xi, 223. 
 
 Dr. Osler said that the late Dr. R. L. MacDonnell of Montreal was, he 
 believed, after Hippocrates, the first to notice the occurrence of 
 perforation into the lung in empyema, and recorded seven or eight 
 eases. Traube in 1871-72 claimed to be the first, but was mistaken. _ 
 
 Hydatids in urine. (Specimen presented Medico-Chirurgical Society of 
 Montreal, June 14, 1883.) Reported Canada M. & 8S. J., Montreal, 
 1883-84, xii, 102. 
 
 Clinical remarks on a case of Hodgkin’s disease. (One full-page cut.) 
 Canada M. g§& S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 712-717. [In his: ©. 1, 
 1882-92, ii, No. 55.] (Living case presented Medico-Chirurgical Society 
 of Montreal, June 14, 1883. Rept. Ibid., 1883-84, xii, 101-102.) 
 
 On some natural modes of cure in empyema. (Abstract of a clinical 
 lecture delivered during the summer session of the MeGill Medical 
 Faculty, June 20, 1883.) Med. Rec., N. Y., 1883, xxiv, 429-431. [In his: 
 C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 58.] 
 
 Some features in chronic Bright’s disease. (Presented Canada Medical 
 Association, Med. Sec., Kingston, Sept. 6, 1883.) Remarks rept. Canada 
 Lancet, Toronto, 1883-84, xvi, 52. 
 
 Larve of Musca lucilia in man (maggots in theear). (Specimen presented, 
 Medico-Chirurgieal Society of Montreal, Oct. 26, 1883.) Rept. Canada 
 M. § 8S. J., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 294. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 III. CiinicaL MrpicInE—PHILADELPHIA PrRIop 517 
 
 1884 
 
 (Preataxic tabes dorsalis, by James Stewart. Read before Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Dee. 14, 1883.) Discussion by Dr. 
 Osler. Rept. Canada M. Kec., Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 81-82. Also, Med. 
 News, Phila., 1884, xliv, 82. 
 
 (Some varieties of dyspnea met with in Bright’s disease, by Dr. R. P. 
 Howard. Canadian Medical Association, Montreal, Aug. 25, 1884.) 
 Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1884-85, xvii, 48. 
 
 Cerebro-spinal meningitis, by Dr. Harrison. Canadian Medical Associa- 
 tion, Montreal, August 25, 1884.) Discussion, by Dr. Osler. Rept. 
 Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1884-85, xvii, 48. 
 
 Pneumonia as a contagious disease. (Presented Canadian Medical Associa- 
 tion, Aug. 27, 1884.) Canad. Pract., 1884, ix, 325. 
 
 The above was presented as an abstract. 
 
 Dr. Flint’s address. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1884, 
 xly, 603-604. 
 Review of an address on therapeutics (New York State Medical Asso- 
 
 ciation), stressing the dangers of an extreme reaction from the 
 Nihilistic doctrines. 
 
 Medical diagnosis; a manual of clinical methods, by J. Graham Brown. 
 2. ed., illustrated. Edinburgh: Bell and Bradford, 1884. (Initialled 
 book review). Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1884, n. s., Ixxxvii, 560. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 
 (1885-1889) 
 
 1885 
 
 Remarks on clinical cases. Canada M. § 8S. J., Montreal, Jan., 1885, 
 (1884-85), xiii, 328-333. I. Typhoid fever; II. Heart disease: action of 
 digitalis; III. Caisson disease; IV. Emphysema-bronchitis. [In his: 
 C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 60.] 
 
 Marks the fresh departure toward clinical studies which characterized 
 
 Osler’s transitional Philadelphian period, replete with therapeutic 
 measures. 
 
 (Hysterical affections of the eye, by George C. Harlan. Philadelphia 
 Neurological Society, Jan. 26, 1885.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. 
 J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., 1885, xii, 81. 
 
 A contribution to Jacksonian epilepsy and the situation of the leg centre. 
 Am. J. M. Sc., 1885, n. s., Ixxxix, 31-37. [In his: ©. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 
 61.] Rev.: Boston M. § S. J., 1885, exii, 587. Also, Med. Times & 
 Gaz., Lond., 1885, i, 159: Med. News, Phila., 1884, xliv, 82. 
 
 This study was based on a living ease presented at the Medico-Chirurgi- 
 cal Society of Montreal, April 27, 1883 (listed above in this rubric 
 under Canadian Period), and the specimen obtained at the autopsy 
 was presented to this Society on Dec. 14, 1883 (listed above under 
 title ‘‘Fibroglioma of upper end of ascending frontal gyrus; Jack- 
 sonian epilepsy of fourteen years’ standing; the leg centre,’’ in 
 Rubric II. 2.) 
 
 (Epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis, by Dr. Worthington, Canadian 
 Medical Association, Chatham, Ont., Sept. 2, 1885.) Discussion by 
 Dr. Osler. Rept. Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 380. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ye aie 
 
 
 
 518 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY or Wm. Osizp 
 
 Diseases of the substance of the heart: Malpositions of the heart: 
 myocarditis; chronic myocarditis [fibroid heart]; the degenerations of 
 the heart-muscle; spontaneous rupture of the heart; atrophy of the 
 heart; hypertrophy of the heart; dilatation of the heart; aneurism of 
 the heart; adventitious products in the heart. In: A System of Practi- 
 cal Medicine, edited by Wm. Pepper, Phila., 1885, iii, 601-638. [In his: 
 C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 66.] 
 
 Hydatids passed with the urine. (Specimen presented, Pathological 
 Society of Philadelphia, June 25, 1885.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soc., Phila., 
 (1883-85), 1886, xii, 217-218. Also, Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 
 183-184. Hdtt.: Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 132. 
 
 Specimen was given to Osler by Dr. Palmer Howard. He refers to 
 sixty-seven cases collected from the literature by him. ‘‘In not one 
 case of these was the cyst in the kidney.’’ 
 
 Diseases of the blood and blood-glandular system: Introduction; plethora; 
 anemia; chlorosis, melanemia; progressive pernicious anemia; leuke- 
 mia; Hodgkin’s disease; hemophilia; Addison’s disease; other diseases 
 of the suprarenal bodies. In: A System of Practical Medicine, edited 
 by Wm. Pepper, Phila., 1885, iii, 882-950. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, 
 No. 67.] 
 
 Review of recent works on practice. I. Lectures on the principles and 
 practice of medicine, by Nathan Smith Davis; II. A text-book of prac- 
 tical medicine, by Alfred Loomis; III. A treatise on the theory and 
 practice of medicine, by John Syer Bristowe. Am. J. M. Se., Phila., 
 1885, n. s., Ixxxix, 175-181. 
 
 This learned and exhaustive review begins with the words: ‘‘In a 
 review, written in 1881, we remarked upon the paucity of American 
 text-books of medicine, and upon the modesty of the sixty-five pro- 
 fessors of ‘Theory and Practice’ who for nearly twenty years had lett 
 the field in possession of foreign authors, with whom Wood and Flint 
 alone competed.’’ About the therapeutic action of alcohol, the re- 
 viewer states: ‘‘On the question of the use of alcohol Dr. Davis 
 is clear and emphatic, and if his opinions prevail with the staff of 
 the Merey Hospital, the item of ‘Wine and Spirits’ in the annual 
 account must be very small. He holds that from first to last it acts 
 as a paralyzant and anesthetic, and is in no sense a stimulant. As 
 a result of thirty-five years clinical study of the effects of alcohol in 
 all forms of low febrile diseases, he has never yet found an instance 
 in which it,increased the cardiac force or the efficiency of the circulation. 
 Place this negative statement against the very positive assertions of 
 so many other observers, and we have an illustration of how difficult 
 it is to get at therapeutical truth, and how much must be allowed for 
 ‘personal equation’ in the observer.’’ 
 
 Diagnosis of diseases of the spinal cord, by Dr. W. R. Gowers. (In- 
 itialled book review.) Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1885, n. s., lxxxix, 218-219. 
 
 I. Recherches cliniques et thérapeutiques sur 1epilepsie, l’hystérie et 1 ’idiotie. 
 Compte rendu du service des épileptiques et des enfants idiots et armeres 
 de Bieétre pendant l’année, 1881, by Bourneville. II. The same for the 
 year 1883. (Initialled book review.) Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1889, 0. 8, 
 Ixxxix, 226-227. 
 
 ‘‘These valuable reports offer an excellent illustration of what good 
 work can be done when the clinical and pathological material of an 
 institution is fully utilized.’’ 
 
 
 
ee 
 
 (= 
 
 III. CxuricaL MrpiciIneE—PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 519 
 
 (Diseases of the brain and spinal cord, a guide to their pathology, 
 diagnosis, and treatment, with an anatomical and physiological introduc- 
 tion, by David Drummond.) (Initialled book review.) Am. J. M. Sc., 
 Phila., 1885, n. s., Ixxxix, 240-241. 
 
 Diseases of the spinal cord, by Byrom Bramwell. 2nd. ed., Edinburgh ; 
 Young J. Pentland, 1884. (Initialled book review.) Am. J. M. Sc., 
 Phila., 1885, n. s., xe, 504, 
 
 Removal of a brain tumour. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1885, xlvi, 75. 
 
 Discusses advantage of correct cerebral localization in Jacksonian 
 epilepsy, with reference to operative intervention. Quotes his own 
 ease published in the Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., Jan., 1885. 
 
 Pulmonary syphilis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila, 1885, 
 xlvi, 75-76. 
 
 The thyroid gland and myxedema. (Unsigned editorial.) Med News. 
 Phila., 1885, xlvi, 381. 
 
 Review of Victor Horsley’s work on experimental myxedema. 
 
 A system of practical medicine by American authors. (Edited by William 
 Pepper. Vol. i, pathology and general diseases, Philadelphia: Lea Bros. 
 & Co., 1885, 1094 pp., 8°. (Unsigned book review.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1885, xlvi, 383. 
 
 Dry pleurisies. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvi, 489- 
 490, 
 
 Critique of Sir Andrew Clark’s Lumleian lecture. 
 
 Inoculation against cholera. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1885, xlvi, 577. 
 
 Lectures on diseases of the nervous system, especially in women, by 8S. 
 Weir Mitchell. 2. ed., Philadelphia: Lea Bros. & Co., 1885, 287 pp. 
 (9 plates). 8°. (Unsigned book review.) Med. News, Phila, 1885, 
 xlvii, 162. 
 
 Cholera: Its origin, history, causation, symptoms, lesions, prevention 
 and treatment. By Alfred Stillé, Phila., Lea Bros. & Co., 1835, 164 
 p. 12°. A treatise on Asiatic cholera. Edited and prepared by Charles 
 Wendt and others, vol. viii, 903. New York, Wm. Wood & Co, 1885. 
 (Unsigned book review.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 216-217. 
 
 On sclerosis of the spinal cord: including locomotor ataxia, spastic spinal 
 paralysis, ete., by Julius Althouse. New York: G. P. Putman’s Sons, 
 1885, xii, 394 pp., 120. (Unsigned book review.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1885, xlvii, 272-273. 
 
 A hand-book of the diseases of the liver, biliary passages and portal vein. 
 By Henry R. Ruckley, 89, pp. 221. High Wycombe, F. Westfield, 
 Lond., W. Kent & Co. (Unsigned book review). Med. News, Phila., 
 1885, xlvii, 325. 
 
 Bacteria in therapeutics. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1885, xlvii, 351. 
 
 Critique of Cantani’s eperiment introducing bacterium termo by in- 
 halation in a case of extensive tuberculous cavitation with high fever. 
 
 Floating liver. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 
 374, 
 
 Review of article by Landau on this rare condition. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 520 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BrBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLER 
 
 Phosphorus in rachitis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885 
 
 xlvii, 375-376. ji 
 On Kassowitz’s experience with 1224 cases. 
 
 Rare nervous symptoms in diphtheria. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1885, xlvii, 435. 
 
 Durande’s remedy for gall-stones, formulated in 1774. (Unsigned edi- 
 torial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 436-437. 
 
 Sulphurie ether (three parts) and turpentine (two parts). 
 
 Chorea. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 574-575. 
 Affirms the existence of chorea as a distinct disease, like epilepsy, 
 or tetanus. 
 
 The cure of angina pectoris. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 
 1885, xlvii, 600-601. 
 Reviews an article by Huchard in which the iodides are recommended. 
 
 The causes of sudden death. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1885, xlvii, 630-631. 
 
 An editorial evoked by the then recent sudden death of Vice-President 
 Hendricks. 
 
 Hand-book of general therapeutics in seven volumes. Edited by H. von 
 Ziemssen. [London: Smith, Elder, & Co., 1885.] Vol. i, Dietary of 
 the sick; Vol. ii, Methods of treatment; Vol. iii, Respiratory therapeutics, 
 New York: Wm. Wood & Co., 1885. (Unsigned book review.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 632-633. 
 
 A new hypnotic. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 
 662. 
 
 Hypnone or phenyl-methyl acetone. 
 
 The primary muscular atrophies. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1885, xlvii, 681-682. 
 
 A critical review of articles by Charcot and his pupils, Marie and 
 Guinon. 
 
 Lanolin: a new basis for ointments. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1885, xlvii, 711. 
 
 Review of article by Liebreich (1885). 
 
 Aspergillus from the lung. (Specimen presented, Pathological Society of 
 Philadelphia, Oct. 8, 1885.) Rept. Tr. Path. Soo. Phila., (1885-87), 
 1887, xiii, 108-109. 
 
 1886 
 
 The cold bath in typhoid fever. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlviii, 13-14. 
 Considers the utility of this measure, which, ‘‘is not yet settled even 
 in Germany.’’ 
 Analgesia from local irritation. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlviii, 15. 
 A review of Brown-Séquard’s communications to the Academy of 
 Sciences of Paris on the inhibitory effects on the superior laryngea 
 nerve, produced by irritation of its terminal filaments in the mucous 
 membrane of the larynx. 
 
 Dementia paralytica and syphilis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlviii, 40-41. | 
 
 
 
 
 
Ill. Cxinican Mrepicins—PuHILapELPHIA PERIOD 521 
 
 Denounces the publication in the lay press of an autopsy on a 
 prominent actor with discussion as to whether the ease was one of 
 dementia paralytica or cerebral syphilis. ‘‘If statistics are worth any- 
 thing, we must regard syphilis as a most important factor of two very 
 common diseases of the nervous system, tabes dorsalis and general 
 paresis. ’’ 
 
 Intraparenchymatous injections in pneumonia. (Unsigned editorial.) 
 Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 41-42. 
 
 On Lépine’s practice of injection of bichloride of mercury, and later 
 of iodide of sodium, (Revue de Méd., Dec. 10, 1885). ‘‘When the 
 disease is advancing, we should consider this method of very doubtful 
 value,’’ and any good effects from it to be due rather to general than 
 local causes. 
 
 Infantile paralysis of cerebral origin. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlviii, 75-76. 
 
 A review of important articles by Striimpell (Deut. med. Woch., x, 
 44), and Ranke (Jahrb. f. Kinderheilk., xxiv, 1 & 2), defining the 
 condition termed ‘‘polioencephalitis acuta,’’ which ‘‘ would seem, in 
 the majority of instances, at least, to be simply the early stage of the 
 spastic hemiplegia described by Ross, Charcot and others.’’ 
 
 The treatment of profuse hemoptysis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlviii, 104-105. 
 
 On an interesting discussion on this subject at the Medical Society 
 of London, introduced by Samuel West. 
 
 Is amyloid degeneration curable? (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlviii, 125. 
 
 On a discussion at the Berlin Medical Society. 
 
 (A handbook on the diseases of. the nervous system, by James Ross, 
 Philadelphia, Lea Bros. & Co., 1885.) Unsigned book review.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 128. 
 
 Mitral stenosis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 
 149-150. 
 
 Reviews articles by Flint, Broadbent and others. 
 
 Hereditary chorea. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, 
 xlviii, 210. 
 
 Discusses articles by Peretti (1885). 
 
 Muscle and tendon reactions. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1886, xlviii, 211-212. 
 
 Reviews the investigations of Weir Mitchell and Morris Lewis. 
 
 The physical signs of mitral stenosis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlviii, 239-240. 
 
 A further discussion of the valuable papers by Flint and Broadbent. 
 Extra-uterine changed to intra-uterine pregnancy by electricity. (Cor- 
 respondence initialled E. Y. D.). Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 279. 
 
 ‘‘Signed E. Y. D., i.e., the well-known Egerton Y. Davis, but, signature 
 
 and title notwithstanding, a serious contribution, refuting an impos- 
 
 sible claim made in a previous number of the journal.’’ 
 Intraparenchymatous injections in phthisis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. 
 
 News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 296. 
 
 Notes that Pepper has had satisfactory results with this method, and 
 
 gives Gouguenheim’s experiences with iodoform, carbolic acid, iodide 
 
 and corrosive sublimate. 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
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 522 Cxrassiriep ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WM. Osizr 
 
 A sublimate soap. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 
 326-327. 
 
 An account of Grissler’s sublimate soap favorably reported on by Johne 
 (1886), as killing anthrax filaments and spores. 
 
 The Weir Mitchell treatment. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1886, xlviii, 491-492. 
 
 On the adoption of the method abroad, with remarks on a lecture by 
 Prof. Leyden (Berlin), on Mitchell’s book ‘‘Fat and blood.’’ 
 
 The surgery of the lungs. (Unsigned editorial.) Med, News, Phila., 1886, 
 xlviii, 519-520. 
 
 Reviews an article by Truc (1886). 
 
 Urethan. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 551-552. 
 
 The temperature of peripheral parts. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlviii, 658-659. 
 
 On the use of arsenic in certain forms of anemia. (Read before Phila- 
 delphia County Medical Society, Sept. 22, 1886.) Therap. Gaz., Detroit, 
 1886, 3 s., ii, 741-746. Abstr.: Braithwaite’s Retrospect of Mediome, 
 1889-99, xev, 23. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 73.] 
 
 A specimen sent him by Dr. Rogers (Denver, Col.), with ‘‘excellent 
 description’’ and full history. 
 
 Multiple neuritis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlix. 
 10-11. 
 
 Reviews an article from the clinic of Massius of Liege (1886). 
 
 Thomsen’s disease. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlix, 
 292-293. 
 
 Reviews a monograph by Erb (1886). 
 
 Is cirrhosis of the liver curable? (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlix, 327. 
 
 Criticism of a discussion in the Société médicale des hépitaua. 
 
 Perléche. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., Phila., 1886, xlix, 357. 
 Reviews article by Lemaistre. 
 
 Hysterical apoplexy. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, 
 xlix, 380. 
 
 On a case reported by Debove. 
 
 Intestinal occlusion by gall-stones. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlix, 407. 
 
 [Iodide of sodium, cocaine, and amyl nitrite, in angina pectoris.] (Un- 
 signed editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlix, 409. 
 Thoracocentesis for pleuritic effusion. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlix, 441-442. 
 Discusses medicinal versus surgical treatment. 
 
 [Actinomycosis.] (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlix, 
 443, 
 
 Refers to this as the first advanced case in man in this country, Pre 
 sented at Chicago Medical Society by Dr. Schrimer. 
 
 Perforating appendicitis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, 
 xlix, 461-462. 
 
 Review of an article by Fitz. 
 
 
 
 
 
III. Cuirnicau MerpicInF—PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 523 
 
 [Bad pathology and good surgery.] (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlix, 463. 
 On a case of pyelonephritis reported as Bright’s disease. 
 
 [Injury to James P. White.] (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1886, xlix, 600. 
 
 Correlation of tonsils and genitals. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlix, 634. 
 
 Report of recent discussion on this subject at the Hunterian Society. 
 
 The treatment of pneumonia. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1886, xlix, 660-661. 
 
 On the treatment of pleurisy with effusion by Hay’s method. (Abstract 
 of a clinical lecture delivered at the hospital of the University of 
 Pennsylvania, Dec. 2, 1886.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, xlix, 645-646. 
 Abstr.: Bratthwaite’s Retrospect of Medicine, 1887, xev, 70-72. 
 
 Aneurisms of the aorta, with especial reference to their position, diree- 
 tion, and effects, being an exercise for an act of the degree of M.B. 
 in the University of Cambridge. By Oswald Browne, xv, 18 pp., 
 London, H. K. Lewis, 1885. (Initialled book review.) 4m. J. Med. 
 Sc., Phila., 1886, n. s., xci, 246-247. 
 
 Surgical myxedema. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, 
 xlix, 661-662. 
 
 (A treatise on the principles and practice of medicine, by Dr. Austin 
 Flint, assisted by William H. Welch and Austin Flint, Jr. 6. ed., 
 [revised]. Philadelphia: Lea Bros. & Co., 1886, 1160 pp. 8°.) Un- 
 signed book review. Med. News, Phila., 1886, clix, 663-664. 
 
 The treatment of rheumatic fever. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1886, xlix, 688. 
 
 A sequel to a series of articles in the News on methods in Phil- 
 adelphia (p. 627), New York (p. 655), and Boston (p. 685) hospitals. 
 
 [Abstracts on medicine.] Am. J. M. Se. Phila., 1886, n. s., xei, 591-603; 
 xcll, 531-545. (Published under the heading: Quarterly summary of the 
 progress of medical science.) 
 
 In April, 1886, Dr. Osler’s name first appears in the American Journal 
 of the Medical Sciences as in charge of the Department of Medicine. 
 The July number contains no department of medicine, and in the 
 October number, 1886, Dr. Osler is assisted by Drs. J. P. Crozier 
 Griffith and Walter Mendelson, also in 1887, n. s., xeiii, 225-239; 
 031-542; xciv, 225-236; 528-545. In 1888 with volume xev, the journal 
 became a monthly, and the abstracts appear on pages 75-80; 182-190; 
 286-294; 398-410; 511-519; 617-627; n. s., xevi, 69-78; 178-188. 292- 
 300; 405-413 ; 014-527; 618-626. So also through the two volumes of 
 1889. In 1890, the department is under W. Osler and J. P. Crozier 
 Griffith. His connection with the Department then lapses until April, 
 1895, from which date until April, 1901, it is in charge of W. 
 Osler and George Dock. From May, 1901, until July, 1911, it is 
 conducted by W. Osler and W. 8S. Thayer, and after this date by 
 Dr. Thayer alone.* 
 
 
 
 
 
 1887 
 
 Antifebrin. (Four charts.) Therap. Gaz., Detroit, 1887, 3. s., lil, 163-167. 
 Also, Tr. Coll. Phys., Phila., 1887, 3 s., ix, 117-118. (Reply in discussion, 
 
 * For paging of these Abstracts in the Am. J. M. Sc., after 1895 see footnote 
 On page 559 at end of this Rubric. 
 
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 524 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Ostaa 
 
 March 15, 1887, by Drs. Parvin, Wood, Mitchell, Fisher and Griffith, 
 p. 119.) Editorially reviewed in Maryland M. J., 1886-87, xvi, 427-428, 
 [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 77.] 
 ‘‘These humble observations confirm those of Cohn and Happ and 
 others, and I think that we have in antifebrin a prompt and powerful 
 agent easy to take and free from unpleasant effects.’’ 
 
 (Forms of typhoid fever simulating remittent malarial fever, by I. E. 
 Atkinson, June 3, 1887.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Trans. Assn. 
 Am. Phys., 1887, ii, 230. 
 
 The treatment of pneumonia in the Philadelphia hospitals. Notes from 
 the hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.) Rept. Med. News, 
 Phila., 1887, 1, 260-261. 
 
 ‘*Dr. Osler in hospital practice recognizes two groups of pneumonia 
 patients—the alcoholic and the temperate—a majority of the former 
 die in spite of all treatment.’’ 
 
 The treatment of rheumatism in the Hospital of the University of 
 Pennsylvania. N. Carolina M. J., March, 1887. Abstr.: Canad. Pract., 
 1887, xii, 82-83. 
 
 Tonsillitis in adolescents. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1887, 1, 44-45. 
 
 Forms of albuminuria not dangerous to life. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1887, 1, 71-72. 
 
 Corrosive sublimate in typhoid fever. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1887, 1, 101-102. 
 
 Rectal injections of gas. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 
 l, 127-128. 
 
 A humorous exposition of Bergeon’s treatment of tuberculosis by 
 sulphuretted hydrogen. 
 
 Antifebrin. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 1, 159. 
 
 Multiple neuritis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 1, 160. 
 
 On Dr. Allen Starr’s Middleton Goldsmith Lectures on this disease, 
 first described ‘‘by that great New England physician, James 
 Jackson (1822).’’ 
 Aspiration of the stomach. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1887, 1, 161. 
 An unfavorable review of this procedure in a ease of alcoholic coma. 
 Protective inoculation against rabies. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1887, 1, 185; 213-214. 
 Announcing confirmation of Pasteur’s work by Ernst of Harvard 
 and Frisch of Vienna. 
 Laparotomy in peritonitis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila, 
 1887, 1, 241. 
 A review of three communications pronouncing in favour of early oper 
 tive interference. : 
 Sudden death in pleurisy. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 Phila., 1887, 1, 241-242. 
 The treatment of pneumonia in the Philadelphia hospitals. (Unsigned 
 editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 1, 260-261. 
 Calomel as a diuretic. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 
 1, 268. 
 
 
 

 
 III]. Cxirnican MrpiciIns—PuHiuapRupHIA PERIOD 525 
 
 A review of recent articles on the efficacy of divided doses in the 
 dropsy of heart disease. 
 
 The prognosis in chronic valvular diseases of the heart. (Unsigned 
 editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 1, 295-296. 
 
 On an important statistical communication by Sir Andrew Clark. 
 
 Paroxysmal cardiac dyspnea, (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1887, 1, 296. 
 
 On the article by Dr. Loomis in this number (evidencing Osler’s 
 editorial connection with this Journal). 
 
 [On the value of liquid vaseline for hypodermic use.] (Unsigned edi- 
 torial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 1, 298. 
 
 On a formula used by Meunier, of Lyons. 
 
 [Cholecystectomy.] (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 1, 
 298. 
 
 Reviews first cases reported in this country by Ohage, of St. Paul. 
 
 The treatment of pneumonia. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1887, 1, 324. 
 
 Refers to treatment in Philadelphia, New York and Boston hospitals, 
 and to ‘‘the daring experiments of Hughes Bennett, Skoda and 
 Deitl,’’? which placed the treatment of pneumonia on a rational 
 basis. 
 
 Hepatic phlebotomy and puncture. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1887, 1, 325-326, 
 
 Discusses the dangers of this procedure as used in military practice. 
 
 (Administration of gaseous enemata in phthisis, by J. Solis-Cohen, 
 Philadelphia County Medical Society, March 9, 1887.) Discussion by 
 Dr. Osler. Rept. Med. News, Phila., 1887, 1, 353. Reviewed in Boston 
 M. & 8. J., 1887, exvi, 294. 
 
 On the general etiology and symptoms of chorea. Based on the records 
 of 410 cases at the Infirmary for Nervous Diseases, Philadelphia. Med. 
 News, Phila., 1887, li, 437-441; 465-470. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, 
 No. 80,] 
 
 Rectal injections of gas in the treatment of phthisis. (Unsigned edi- 
 torial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 1, 377. 
 
 A eutting denunciation of the premature publicity and unwarranted 
 hopes aroused through the lay press by the so-called Bergeon’s 
 treatment. 
 
 Etiology of gastric ulcer. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1887, 1, 412. 
 
 Treatment of the morphia habit. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1887, 1, 439. 
 On Jennings’ suggestion (1887) of application of the Weir Mitchell 
 treatment. 
 The functions of the thyroid gland. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1887, 1, 523-524. 
 On the experiments of Ewald (1887). 
 
 Waking numbness. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, A 
 629. 
 
 On « phenomenon reported by A. H. Smith and already described by 
 Weir Mitchell in 1881. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 526 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLmR 
 
 The irritable heart of civil life. (Lecture delivered before Toronto 
 Medical Society, April 14, 1887.) Rept. Canada M. ¢ S. J., Montreal, 
 1886-87, xv, 617-619. Also, Canad. Pract., 1887, xii, 156-157. 
 
 Notes and comments: [I. True heart strain; II. Spurious, mimic or 
 phantom traumatic aneurism; III. Leeching in over distention of the 
 right ventricle; IV. Urethan and paraldehyde in the insomnia of 
 heart disaese; V. Hydrotherapy in the treatment of typhoid fever.] 
 Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1886-87, xv, 764-767. 
 
 Bergeon’s method of treating phthisis. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1887, li, 19. eae 
 
 A third editorial on treatment by rectal injection by gas. 
 
 Professor Flint’s address. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1887, li, 296. 
 
 Address before the Ninth International Medical Congress on fever. 
 
 Intermittent albuminuria. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1887, li, 428. 
 
 *Cirrhosis of the liver in children. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1887, li, 428-429. 
 
 Review of an elaborate study by R. P. Howard, of Montreal. 
 
 The dyspnea of asthma and its treatment. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1887, li, 482. 
 
 Chorea and heart disease. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1887, li, 509. 3 
 
 An editorial on his own article (Am. J. M. Sc., Oct., 1887). 
 
 On the incidence of albuminuria among the sick. (Unsigned editorial.) 
 Med. News, Phila., 1887, li, 547. 
 
 Cold water injections in catarrhal jaundice. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1887, li, 576-577. | wr 
 
 Anemia, by Frederick P. Henry. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston, Son & 
 Co., 1887, 136 pp. 8°.) Unsigned book review. Med. News, Phila., 1887, — 
 li, 577-578. 
 
 The variations of the normal knee-jerk. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1887, li, 601. 
 
 Review of recent work done by Mitchell and Lewis and Lombard. 
 
 Alternating pyrexia in Hodgkin’s disease. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1887, li, 661-662. | 
 
 Gall-stones and pernicious anemia, (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1887, li, 686. 
 
 Treatment of typhoid fever in the Philadelphia hospitals. (Hospital 
 notes from the hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.) Rept. Med. 
 News, Phila., 1887, li, 679-680. Abstr.: Braithwaite’s Retrospect of 
 Medicine, 1888, xevii, 234-235. 
 
 The treatment of typhoid fever. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1887, li, 739-740. 
 
 On reports received from the Philadelphia, Boston and New York 
 hospitals, published in recent issues of the News, evidently as @ 
 result of the activities of its editorial board. | 
 
 Mental affections associated with chronic Bright’s disease. (Presented, 
 Philadelphia Neurological Society, Oct. 24, 1887.) J. Nerv. & Ment. 
 Dis., N. Y., 1887, xiv, 771-772. Rev.: Boston M. §& 8. J., 1888, exvin, 53. 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 II. Curican Mrpicine—Puitapetesia Prriop 527 
 
 (Lavage in the treatment of gastric affections, by Solomon Solis-Cohen. 
 (Presented Philadelphia County Medical Society, Nov. 9, 1887.) Dis- 
 cussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Maryland M. J., 1887-88, xviii, 69. 
 
 ‘*T am of the opinion that this measure has a much narrower field 
 than the statements of the French and German writers would lead one 
 to infer. I should not hesitate to predict that within a few years, 
 when the fashion has subsided, this measure will be confined entirely 
 to cases of obstinate gastric catarrh, in which it is of inestimable 
 service, and to cases of dilatation of the stomach, in which it is not 
 only of service but absolutely indispensable. ’’ 
 
 [Abstracts on medicine.| (Under charge of W. Osler, assisted by J. P. 
 Crozier Griffith, and Walter Mendelson.) Am. J. M. Sc., 1887, n. s., 
 xcill, 225-239; 531-542; n. s., xciv, 225-236; 528-545. 
 
 1888 
 
 The cerebral palsies of children. (Clinical lectures delivered at the 
 Infirmary for Nervous Diseases: Lecture I. Introduction, infantile 
 hemiplegia. Lecture II. Infantile hemiplegia, (coneluded.) Lecture ITI. 
 Bilateral spastic hemiplegia. Lecture 1V. Spastic paraplegia. Lecture V. 
 Pathology and treatment.) Med. News,, Phila., 1888, liii, 29-35; 57-66. 
 (2 illus.) ; 85-90; 113-116; 141-145; (4 illus.) Also, Phila., P. Blakiston, 
 Son & Co., 111 p., 89: London H. K. Lewis, 1889. Review in B. MM. J., 
 Lond., 1889, i, 1297. Also, Med. Rec., N. Y. ,1890, xxxvii, 160. [In his: 
 C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 86.] 
 
 The leading articles in five consecutive numbers of the Med. News, 
 from July 14 to August 11, 1885. They present an exhaustive survey 
 of this subject based on a large series of illustrative cases. 
 
 Diagnosis of small-pox. Med. Standard, Chicago, 1888, iii, 97-98. [In his: 
 C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 84.] 
 
 ‘‘The diagnosis of small-pox from varicella is not always easy. In 
 1885, the Chicago case which conveyed the disease to Montreal, was 
 regarded as varicella and not isolated; an error which was directly 
 responsible for one of the most fatal of modern epidemics,’’ 
 
 This article is based on early Montreal experience and refers to his 
 article in the Canada M. ¢& S. J., 1875, as ‘‘the fullest discussion in 
 English.’’ 
 
 Recovery in cirrhosis of the liver. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1888, lii, 47. 
 
 On MacDonnell’s case before the Montreal Medico-Chirurgical Society. 
 
 Idiopathic dropsy. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1888, li, 
 128-129. 
 
 Review of article by Wagner, of Leipsic. 
 
 Acute rheumatism. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1888, lii, 
 297-298. 
 
 Review of a report of the British Medical Association upon 655 
 cases from private practice. 
 
 Weil’s disease. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1888, lii, 382. 
 
 Review of article by Fiedler based on thirteen cases in Med. News. 
 
 Typhoid fever at the Cincinnati Hospital. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1888, lii, 439. 
 
 On statistics published in the annual report of this institution. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 STS SL Pee hae, a 
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 528 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsizR 
 
 The relation of heart and kidney affections. (Unsigned editorial.) Med, 
 News, Phila., 1888, lii, 495. 
 
 Da Costa’s Middleton-Goldsmith Lecture. 
 
 The poisonous effects of petroleum. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1888, lii, 554. 
 
 On a careful study made by Lewin (Virchow’s Archiv), on the oil 
 regions of Pennsylvania and refineries at Point Breeze in Philadel- 
 phia. Notes the prevalence of a severe disseminated acne, ‘‘ob- 
 served long ago in the Crimean, Caucasian and Roumanian oil regions, 
 and a similar observation on this subject was made by Harrison Allen 
 in this country more than twenty years ago.’’ 
 
 Sudden death in pleurisy and ascites. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1888, lii, 554-555. 
 The Cartwright lectures on fever. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1888, lii, 578-579. 
 Delivered by Professor William H. Welch (1888). 
 Diet in the convalescence of typhoid fever. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1888, liii, 422. 
 On a discussion before the Association of American Physicians on 
 the advisability of solid food. 
 
 Calomel as a diuretic. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1888, 
 liii, 593. 
 Investigations of Stintzing and of Bieganska, confirming Jendrassik’s 
 conclusions as to efficacy of the drug. 
 Liebermeister on the treatment of pneumonia. (Unsigned editorial.) 
 Med. News, Phila., 1888, lii, 437. 
 
 Puerperal anemia, and its treatment with arsenic. Boston M. ¢ 8S. d., 
 1888, exix, 454-455. Also, North Car. M. J., Wilmington, 1888, xxii, 
 359-363. Abstr.: Braithwatte’s Retrospect of Medicime, 1889, xcix, 129. 
 [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 88.] 
 
 A case of local syncope and asphyxia of the fingers. (Case presented at 
 the Philadelphia Neurological Society, Jan. 23, 1888.) Rept. J. Nerv. ¢ 
 Ment. Dis., N. Y., 1888, n. s., xiii, 207-208. 
 
 Enlargement and congestion of the right arm following exercise of its 
 muscles. Philadelphia Neurological Society, February 27, 1888.) Rept. 
 J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., N. Y., 1888, n. s., xiii, 246-248. Also, Med. News, 
 Phila., 1888, lii, 330. 
 
 Notes and comments: [I. Mental symptoms of chronic Bright’s disease; 
 ..-- III. Treatment of the morphia habit; IV. Use of nitrites in 
 asthma ....] Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1887-88, xvi, 316-319. 
 
 Notes and comments: [Leprosy in Philadelphia; ....III. Accouchement 
 in a railway closet.] Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1887-88, xvi, 375-377. 
 
 ‘¢An accouchement in a railway closet,’’ was abstracted in Med. Kec., 
 N. Y., xxxiii, 97, and is not the only one of its kind on record. 
 
 Notes and comments: I. Chronic gastric ulcer; II. Endocarditis and 
 chorea;....] Canada M. ¢& S. J., Montreal, 1887-1888, xvi, 445-447. 
 
 Notes and comments. [I. Death rate from pneumonia; II. Fatal coma 
 after ether anwsthesia. Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1887-88, xvi, 508- 
 510. 
 
 Notes and comments: [I. Physical signs of aortic aneurysm; ...--: ] 
 Canada M. § 8S. J., Montreal, 1887-88, xvi, 573-574. 
 
 
 

 
 III. Curicau MEDICINE—PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 529 
 
 Notes and comments: [I. Purpura rheumatica; IT. Rose rash and 
 tache bleudtres (peliomata) in typhoid; III. Gower’s ‘Diseases of the 
 nervous system’’; IV. Further note on ‘‘ An accouchement in a railway 
 closet.’’] Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1887-88, xvi, 732-734. 
 
 The N.Y.M.J. quotes from a Manitoba paper the doctor who delivered 
 the placenta and the conductor who found the child, about ‘‘An 
 accouchement in a railway closet.’’ 
 
 (On some forms of paralysis after typhoid fever, by George Ross, 
 Association American Physicians, Sept. 18, 1888.) Discussion by Dr 
 Osler. Rept. Trans. Assn. Am. Phys., 1888, iii, 87. 
 
 (The diagnostic significance of the mitral presystolic murmur, by F. 
 Donaldson, Association American Physicians, Sept. 18,1888.) Discussion 
 by Dr. Osler. Rept. Trans. Assn. Am. Phys., 1888, iii, 138. 
 
 (Slow pulse, by D. W. Prentiss, Association American Physicians, Sept. 
 19, 1889.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Trans. Assn. Am. Phys., 
 1888, iv, 158. 
 
 ‘‘I would like to refer to the post-febrile slowing of the pulse which 
 is sometimes seen after typhoid fever. I have recently had such a 
 case in which the pulse fell to thirty-two, and on one occasion to 
 twenty-six per minute.’’ 
 
 (Relations between chlorosis, simple anemia and pernicious anemia, 
 including leucocythemia and Hodgkin’s disease by Frederick P. Henry, 
 Association American Physicians, Sept. 19, 1888.) Discussion by Dr. 
 Osler. Rept. Tr. Ass. Am. Physicians, 1888, iv, 184. Also, Med. Rec., 
 N. Y., 1889, xxxvi, 353. 
 
 ‘I have yet to see a case of chlorosis in the male—a distinct, well- 
 marked case.’’ 
 
 (The cardiac changes in chronic Bright’s disease, by Alfred L. Loomis, 
 Association American Physicians, Sept. 19, 1888.) Discussion by Dr. 
 Osler. Rept. Trans, Assn. Am. Phys., 1888, iii, 205. 
 
 (Disturbances of the heart rhythm, by G. Baumgarten, Association 
 American Physicians, Sept. 19, 1888.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. 
 Trans. Assn. Am, Phys., 1888, iii, 295. 
 
 (Effect of spinal concussion on the reflexes, by F. T. Miles, Association 
 American Physicians, Sept. 20, 1888.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. 
 Trans. Am. Phys., 1888, iii, 295. 
 
 Hereditary angio-neurotic edema. Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1888, ns., xev, 
 362-367. Abstr.: Braithwaite’s Retrospect of Medicine, 1888-98, xeviii, 
 168-171. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 82.] 
 
 Presents an interesting study of the heredity of a case, with a gen- 
 ealogical table. 
 
 Has the mortality in pneumonia increased? (Signed correspondence. ) 
 Med. Ree. N. Y., 1888, xxxiv, 604. 
 
 ‘*We need the accurate records of private practice, and, were they 
 available for the past half-century, I believe the mortality under our 
 more rational treatment would show the same striking reduction as is 
 illustrated in the well-known figures which Bennett gives as the result 
 of a change in methods at the Edinburgh Infirmary. I know of but 
 one tolerably extensive series of this kind—that of Dr. Palmer Howard, 
 of Montreal, who treated one hundred and seventy cases, with a 
 mortality of only six and a fraction per cent.’’ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
= 
 
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 ESE ee SEE LR, EO : 
 
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 Se Sa 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 530 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLER 
 
 On a form of purpura associated with articular, gastro-intestinal and 
 renal symptoms. N. York, M. J., 1888, xlviti, 675-677. [In his: C. r., 
 1882-92, ii, No. 92.] 
 
 Note on a case of Friedreich’s ataxia, with exhibition of patient. (Read 
 College Physicians, Philadelphia, Feb. 1, 1888.) Tr. Coll. Phys., Phila., 
 1888, 3 s., xl, 277-278. (Six illustrations. ) 
 
 Note on nitro-glycerine in epilepsy. J. Nerv. g& Ment. Dis., N. Y., 1888, 
 n. s., xiii, 38-39. Abstr.: The Epitome, 1888, ix, 117. [In hs: C. x, 
 1882-92, ii, No. 83.] 
 
 On the diagnosis of duodenal ulcer. Med. Rec., N. Y., 1888, xxxiv, 
 609-610. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 89.] 
 
 (Forcible feeding of the insane, by S. Preston Jones, Philadelphia 
 Neurological Society, March 26, 1888.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. 
 J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., 1888, xv, 334. 
 
 (Mortality and treatment of pneumonia, by Henry Hartshorne, College 
 of Physicians, Philadelphia, Feb. 1, 1888.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. 
 Rept. Tr. Coll. Physicians, Phila., 1838; x, 187-189. 
 
 (Epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis, by ©. K. Mills, Philadelphia 
 Neurological Society, March 26, 1888.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. 
 Rept. J. Nerv. g Ment. Dis., 1888, xv, 328. 
 
 (A subeutaneous connective tissue dystrophy. Patient exhibited by Dr. 
 F. X. Dereum at Philadelphia Neurological Society, Nov. 26, 1888.) 
 Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., 1888, xv, 792-793. 
 
 ‘Aortic aneurism—hezemorrhage from the lungs. Phila. M. Times, 1888-89, 
 xix, 223-224. 
 
 The mortality of pneumonia. (Read by title before the 1888 meeting of 
 the Canada Medical Association.) Univ. M. Mag., Phila., 1888-89, i, 
 77-82. Rev.: Lancet, Lond., 1888, ii, 983. Also, Canada Lancet, Toronto, 
 1888-89, xxi, 245. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 93.] 
 
 Statistics compared of Montreal General Hospital, Pennsylvania Hos- 
 pital, and New Orleans Charité. 
 
 {Abstracts on medicine.] (Under charge of W. Osler, assisted by J. P. 
 Crozier Griffith and Walter Mendelson.) Am. J. M. Sec., 1888, 2. &, 
 xev, 75-80; 182-190; 286-294; 398-410; 511-519; 617-627; n. 8., XCV1, 
 69-78; 178-188; 292-300; 405-413; 514-527; 618-626. 
 
 1889 
 
 Clinical memoranda; I. Floating kidney; II. The anatomical tubercle. 
 Montreal M. J., 1888-89, xvii, 416-419. 
 Item II. is listed also under Rubric IT. 2, gq. v. 
 The mortality of pneumonia. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1889, lv, 100-101. 
 On an ‘‘admirable paper’’ by Drs. Townsend and Coolidge present- 
 ing an analysis of 1,000 cases of pneumonia treated at the Massa- 
 chusetts General Hospital from the year 1822 to 1889. 
 The mortality in pneumonia. Univ. M. Mag., Phila., 1888-89, i, 225. 
 On the conditions of the brain suitable for operative interference. Canad. 
 Pract., Toronto, 1889, xiv, 165-167: Abstr.: Univ. M. Mag. Phila. 
 1888-89, i, 465-68. 
 
 Treatment of locomotor ataxia by suspension. (Hospital notes. Infirmary 
 for Nervous Diseases of Philadelphia.) Med. News, Phila., 1889, liv, 323 
 
 
 

 
 Itt. Cuxirnican Mepicins—Ba.rtimore PERIOD 531 
 
 On a case of simple idiopathic muscular atrophy, involving the face and 
 scapulo-humeral muscles. Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1889, n. 8., xeviii, 
 261-265. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 99.] 
 
 Patient suffering from spina bifida. (Presented Association American 
 Physicians, Sept. 20, 1889.) Tr. Ass. Am. Phys., 1889, iv, 18, 
 
 (On the passage of portal blood into the general circulation, and its 
 probable relations to toxemia, by Dr. Chas. G. Stockton, American 
 Medigal Association, June 25, 1889.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. 
 iled. Rec., N. Y., 1889, xxxv, 711. 
 
 Congenital affections of the heart. (7 figs. in the text.) In: Cyel, Dis. 
 Child. M. & 8S. (Keating), Phila., 1889, ii, 747-767. 
 
 Idiocy and feeble-mindedness in relation to infantile hemiplegia; a 
 report of twenty-two cases at the Pennsyivania Institution for feeble- 
 minded children. (Read before the Association of Superintendents of 
 Institutions for Feeble-Minded Children. <Alienist § Neurol., St. Louis, 
 1889, x, 16-23. 
 
 (The effusion of chyle and of chyle-like, milky, fatty, and oily fluids 
 into the serous cavities, by Samuel C. Busey, fourth annual meeting, 
 Association of American Physicians, Washington, D.C., Sept. 18, 1889.) 
 Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Trans. Assn. Am. Phys., 1889, iv, 101- 
 102. Also, Med. Rec., 1889, xxxvi, 352. 
 
 [Abstracts in Medicine.] Under charge of Wm. Osler, assisted by J. P. 
 Crozier Griffith, and Walter Mendelson. Am. J. M. Se. 1889, n. 3., 
 xevil, 67-76; 177-185; 284-300; 397-405; 504-513; 611-621; n. s., xeviii, 
 
 fim! 72-83; 178-193; 287-297; 398-410; 512-521; 610-621. 
 
 BALTIMORE PERIOD 
 (1890-1904) 
 
 1890 
 
 On the vaiue of Laveran’s organisms in the diagnosis of malaria (1889.) 
 The Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1889-90, i, 11. [In his: C. 1r., 
 1882-92, ii, No. 101.] 
 
 ‘‘While it may be a little early to ask acceptance of the view that 
 these organisms constitute the specifie germ of the disease, the work 
 already done warrants positively the statement that they are peculiar 
 to and diagnostic of the presence of the malarial poison.’’ 
 
 Multiple thrombi—multiple gangrene. (Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical 
 Society, Oct. 22, 1889). Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1889-90, i, 12. 
 
 Fatal hemorrhage into a large bronchocele. (Proce. Johns Hopkins Hos- 
 pital Medical Society, Nov. 18, 1889.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 
 1889-90, i, 23. 
 
 Congenital heart disease (exhibition of patient, Johns Hopkins Hospital 
 
 Medical Society, Dee. 2, 1889.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 
 1889-90, i, 34. 
 
 Pilaria sanguinis hominis. (Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, 
 p Jan. 6, 1890). Rept. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1889-90, i, 48. 
 
 Contains a fine tribute to his colleague, Prof. John Guitéras, of the 
 University of Pennsylvania, with report of a patient who later came 
 under the care of Dr. Osler, at Johns Hopkins Hospital. 
 
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 532 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY or Wm. Oster 
 
 On the Amecba coli in dysentery and in dysenteric liver abscess, 
 (Presented at the fifty-eighth annual meeting of the British Medical 
 Association, Birmingham, July 30, 1889. Rept. Lancet, 1890, ii, 306.) 
 Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1889-90, i, 53-54. Also, Montreal M. J., 
 1890-91, xix, 54-60. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 108.] - 
 
 Printed under ‘‘Selections,’’ but the seven valuable references in the 
 footnotes are omitted. 
 
 On fever of hepatic origin, particularly the intermittent pyrexia asso- 
 ciated with gall-stones. (Two temperature charts.) (Presented at the 
 fifty-eighth annual meeting of the British Medical Association, Birming- 
 ham, July 30, 1889. Rept. Lancet, Lond., 1890, ii, 306.) Johns Hopkins 
 Hosp. Rep., Balt., 1890, ii, 3-31.) [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 102.] 
 
 Aortic insufficiency. (Case reported and specimen presented at Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, Oct. 20, 1890.) Johns Hopkins Hosp, 
 Bull., Balt., 1889-90, i, 109. 
 
 General bronchiectasis of left lung, fetid bronchitis; incision of cavity; 
 death. (Case reported and specimen presented at Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital Medical Society, Oct. 20, 1890.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. 
 Balt., 1889-90, i, 109-110. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 115.] 
 
 Hereditary chorea. (Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, Oct. 20, 
 1890.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1889-90, i, 110. [In his: C. r,, 
 1882-92, ii, No. 114.] 
 
 On the symptoms of chronic obstruction of the common bDile-duct by 
 gallstones. Ann. Surg., St. Louis, 1890, xi, 161-185. 
 On the form of convulsive tic, associated with coprolalia, etc. (Clinical 
 remarks made to the post-graduate class in medicine, Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital, Baltimore, October 11, 1890.) Med. News, Phila., 1890, lvii, 
 
 645-647. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 109.] 
 
 Ueber die in Dysenterie und dysenterischen Leberabscess vorhandene 
 Amba. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasttenk., Jena., 1890, vii, 736-737. 
 
 (The relation of albuminuria to puerperal eclampsia, by Dr. W. 8. Gard- 
 ner. Semi-annual meeting Medical and Chirurgical State Faculty of 
 Maryland, Cambridge, Md., Nov. 12, 1890.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. 
 Rept. Med. Rec., N. Y., 1890, xxxviii, 616. 
 
 Cases of post-febrile insanity. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rep., Balt., 1890, 
 ii, 46-50. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 103.] 
 
 Note on endocarditis in phthisis. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rep., Balt., 1890, 
 ii, 62-64. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 105.] 
 
 Tubercular peritonitis. General considerations—tubercular abdominal 
 tumors—curability. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rep., Balt., 1890, 1, 67-113. 
 [In has: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 106.] 
 
 Acute nephritis in typhoid fever. Johns Hopkins. Hosp. Rep., Balt., 1890, 
 ii, 119-128. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 107.] 
 
 [Abstracts on medicine.] (Under charge of W. Osler, assisted by y P, 
 Crozier Griffith.) Am. J. M. Sc., 1890, n. s., xcix, 73-82; 182-190; 89- 
 299; 397-411; 513-523; 621-631. 
 
 1891 
 
 Report on the Koch treatment in tuberculosis. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 
 Bull., Balt., 1891, ii, 7-14. 
 
 Dr. Osler’s first injection of tuberculin was given December 12, 1890. 
 
 
 
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 Ill. CxricaL MEepIcINE—BALTIMORE PERIOD 533 
 
 Hysteria with paroxysmal inspiratory spasm. (Remarks at Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital Medical Society, Nov. 17, 1890.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 
 Balt., 1891, ii, 18. 
 
 Obstruction of the superior vena cava. (Exhibition of patient before 
 Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, Jan. 5, 1891.) Rept. Johns 
 Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1891, ii, 40-41. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ui, 
 No. 116. | 
 
 Case of multiple cysticerci. (Presented Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical 
 Society, Feb. 2, 1891.) Rept. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1891, 
 ii, 61. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, 11, No. 117.] 
 
 The diagnosis of broncho-pneumonia (acute and chronic) from tuber- 
 culosis. (Read at the third annual meeting of the American 
 Pediatric Society, Washington, Sept. 22-25, 1891.) Rept. N. York M. J., 
 1891, liv, 666-667. 
 
 Diagnosis of tuberculous broncho-pneumonia in children. (Read at the 
 third session of the American Pediatrie Society, Sept. 22-25th, 1891.) ! 
 Arch. Pediat., Phila., 1891, viii, 825-829. Also, Tr. Am. Pediat. Soc., 
 
 N. Y., 1892, iii, 25-29. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, No. 112.] 
 
 A case of sensory aphasia; word-blindness with hemianopsia. Am. J. 
 M. Sc., Phila., 1891, n. s., ci, 219-224 (two illus.) [In his: C. r., 1882-92, 
 ii, No. 110.] 
 
 1892 
 
 The healing of tuberculosis. (Read before the Medico-Chirurgical Faculty 
 of Medicine, Maryland Session of 1891.) Climatologist, Phila., 1892, ii, 
 149-153. [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 119.] 
 Notes on the diagnosis and treatment of cholera. Med. News, Phila., 
 1892, lxi, 290-291. | 
 An acute myxcedematous condition occurring in goitre. (Patient ex- | 
 hibited before Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, Dec. 7, 1891.) 
 Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1892, iii, 42. 
 Chronic cerebro-spinal meningitis. (Patient exhibited before Johns 
 Hopkins Medical Society, Oct. 17, 1892.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., | 
 Balt., 1892, iii, 119. | 
 
 Localized pyo-pneumothorax. (Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, 
 Oct. 17, 1892.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1892, iii, 119. 
 
 The principles and practice of medicine. Designed for the use of prac- | 
 titioners and students of medicine. New York, 1892, D. Appleton & | 
 Co., 1079 p. 8°. Also, Edin. & Lond., Young & Pentland; 2nd ed., 1895, | 
 1143 p. 8°; 3rd ed., 1898, 1181 p. 8°; 4th ed.,* 1901, 1182 p. 8°; 5th ed., | 
 1902, 1079 p. 8°; 6th ed., N. Y. & Lond., 1905, D. Appleton & Co., 1145 | 
 p. 80, Also, Par., 1908, G. Steinheil, 1230 p. 8° (La pratique de la 
 médecine. Traduction francaise sur la Ge édition par M. Solomon et | 
 Louis Lazard. Préface du Dr. Pierre Marie); 7th ed., N. ¥. & Lond., | 
 1909, D. Appleton & Co., 1143 p. 8°. Also, Berlin & Wien., 109. Urban | 
 & Schwarzenberg, 879 p. 8° ( Lehrbuch der innernen Medizin. Aus dem | 
 Englischen iibersetzt und fiir deutsche Verhiltnisse erginzt und bearbeitet, ) 
 von Priy.-Doz. Dr. Edmund Hoke, mit einem Vorwort von Obersanitatsrat | 
 und Hofrat Prof. Dr. R. v. Jaksch). Also, Shanghai, 1910, Presby. Mis. | 
 Press, 80 (Chinese text, transl. of 7th ed. by Philip B. Cousland. (There 
 was also a second Chinese edition); 8th ed. (rev. with the assistance of 
 
 *An unauthorized line-for-line reprint of 4th edition (which had not been 
 copyrighted in Great Britain), printed in Edinburgh by Young and Pentland, 
 appeared, (the “pirated edition.”) A. M. 
 
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 534 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY or Wy. OsLER 
 
 T. McCrae), N. Y. & Lond., 1912, D. Appleton & Co., 1250 p. 80. Also, 
 N. Y. & Lond., 1918, D. Appleton & Co.,; 903, 808 p. 80 (Spanish transl.) ; 
 9th ed. (thoroughly rev. with T. McCrae), N. Y. & Lond., 1920, D. 
 Appleton & Co., 1168 p. 8°; 10th ed. (rev. by T. McCrae), N. Y. & 
 Lond., 1925. D. Appleton & Co., 1223 p. 8°. [Rev. in Lancet, Lond, 
 1925, ii, 869-870.] 
 
 This book, now in its tenth edition (1925) gained and maintained a place in 
 English, American, and even continental practice only comparable with that 
 held by the treatise of Sir Thomas Watson (1843) in the decades preceding. 
 The clear, concise, attractive presentation and the many citations from history 
 and the classics, gave it an unique place among scientific books with an 
 essentially literary flavor. A humorous “examination paper” on the recondite 
 literary allusions in Osler’s Practice, was published in St. Thomas’ Hospital 
 Gazette, Lond., 1902, xii, 59, reprinted in Boston M. & S. J., 1902, exlvi, 449. 
 The book has been translated into French, German, Spanish and Chinese. The 
 outstanding chapters are those on the communicable diseases (in particular 
 typhoid and malarial infections, cholera Asiatica, the pneumonias, syphilis and 
 tuberculosis) and the diseases of the circulatory system, in which Osler’s unique 
 knowledge of the pathology of cardiac affections and aneurism is utilized in a 
 most effective way. The classification of diseases afforded in the tables of 
 contents of the successive editions has become a standard source of authoritative 
 reference among bibliographers and librarians. The solitary defect imputed 
 to the book, viz., the slender allotment of dosages and prescriptions in the 
 therapeutic scheme, are evidence of the fact that Osler was, in his own phrase, 
 ‘a true Asclepiad,”’ in his devotion to the principles of the Coan School, carried 
 
 over from Hippocrates to Asclepiades: ‘Treat the patient rather than the 
 disease.” F. H. G. 
 
 The cold-bath treatment of typhoid fever. (A clinical lecture delivered 
 to the graduating class of the Johns Hopkins Hosp., Baltimore, Noy. 9, 
 1892.) Med. News, Phila., 1892, Ixi, 628-631. [In his: C. r., 1892-97, 
 ili, No. 122.] 
 
 On the association of congenital wry-neck, with marked facial asym- 
 metry. (Read before the American Pediatric Society, Washington, Sept. 
 
 24,1891.) Arch. Pediat., N. Y., 1892, ix, 81-85. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, 
 ii, No. 120.] 
 
 18938 
 
 Note on arsenical neuritis following the use of Fowler’s solution, 
 (4 oz., 1 drachm, 18 m.) (Read before the Johns Hopkins Medical 
 Society, Feb. 20, 1893.) Montreal M. J., 1892-93, xxi, 721-724. Also, 
 quoted in The Practitioner, 1893, li, 212-213. [In his: C. r., 1892-97, 
 ili, No. 130.] 
 
 Note on a remarkable house epidemic of typhoid fever. Univ. M. Mag., 
 Phila., 1892-3, v, 522-524. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 131.] 
 
 Hirt, Ludwig. The diseases of the nervous system. A text-book for 
 physicians and students. Translation with the permission of the author by 
 August Hoch, assisted by Frank R. Smith, with an introduction by 
 William Osler, N. Y., 1893. D. Appleton & Co., 698 p. 8°; 2nd ed., 1899. 
 
 The introduction is dated, Jan., 1893, and appears unchanged in the 
 second edition. 
 
 Organic diseases of the brain. In: Text-book Theory & Pract. Med. 
 (Pepper), Phila., 1893, i, 669-725, (four illus. and one colored plate). 
 
 Diseases of the nerves. In: Text-book Theory & Pract. Med. (Pepper), 
 Phila., 1893, i, 805-849, (three illus. in text). 
 
 Diseases of the muscles, In: Text-book Theory & Pract. Med. (Pepper), 
 Phila., 1893, i, 850-858, (one figure in text). 
 
 Vaso-motor and trophic disorders. In: Text-book Theory & Pract. Med. 
 (Pepper), Phila., 1893, i, 859-867, (one tinted insert plate). 
 
 
 

 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND 
 
 PRACTICE OF MEDICINE 
 
 DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF 
 PRACTITIONERS AND STUDENTS OF MEDICINE 
 
 BY 
 WILLIAM OSLER, M.D. 
 
 FELLOW OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, LONDON 
 PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE IN THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY ARP 
 PIYSICIAN-IN-OHIEF TO THE JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL, BALTIMORE 
 FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE, MCGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL 
 AND PROFESSOR OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 
 IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA 
 
 NEW YORK 
 D. APPLETON AND COMPANY 
 1892 
 
 LH: ee 
 
 _ Fic. 6.—Facsimile of title-page of the first edition of Osler’s ‘‘ Practice of Medi- 
 cine.”’ (Illustrating Rubrie II). 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 536 CLassiFieD ANNOTATED BrBLioGRAPHY or Wm. OSLER 
 
 Notes on tuberculosis in children. (Read by title before the American 
 Pediatric Society at West Point, N. Y., May, 1893.) Arch. Pediat., 
 N. Y., 1893, x, 979-986. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No, 137.] 
 
 On sporadic cretinism in America. (Two figures in text.) (Read before 
 the Association American Physicians, May, 1893.) Tr. Ass. Am. Phys., 
 Phila., 1893, viii, 380-397. Also, Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1893, n. s., evi, 
 903-518. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 136. ] 
 
 Profound toxemia with slight tuberculous lesions. Med. News, Phila., 
 1893, lxili, 632-633. 
 
 Tuberculous pleurisy. (The Shattuck lecture delivered before the 
 Massachusetts Medical Society, June 13, 1893.) Boston M. § §. J., 
 exxix, 53-57; 81-85; 109-114; 134-138. Also, Med. Communicat. Mass. 
 M. Soc., Boston, 1893, xvi, 49-112. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 133.] 
 
 Cases of subphrenic abscess. Tr. Ass. Am. Physicians, Phila., 1893, viii, 
 257-267. Also, Canad. Pract., Toronto, 1893, xviii, 565-574. [In his: 
 C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 132.] , 
 
 Remarks upon the varieties of chronic chorea, and a report upon two 
 families of the hereditary form, with one autopsy. (Read before the 
 Philadelphia Neurological Society, Nov. 28, 1892.) J. Nerv. & Ment. 
 Dis., N. Y., 1893, xx, 97-111. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 129.] 
 
 The chronic intermittent fever of endocarditis. Practitioner, Lond., 1893, 
 1, 181-190. [In his: ©. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 128.] 
 
 Case of arterio-venous aneurism of the axillary artery and vein of 
 fourteen years’ duration. Ann. Surg., Phila., 1893, xvii, 37-40. [In his: 
 C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 127.] 
 
 On dilatation of the colon in young children. (Read before the Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, Dec. 19, 1892.) Arch. Pediat., N. xs 
 1893, x, 111-119, (one illus.). [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 125.] 
 
 This article is more complete than the following one, which was more 
 of the nature of a presentation of cases. 
 
 Cases of dilatation of the colon in young children. (Proc. Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital Medical Society, Jan. 16, 1893.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. 
 1893, iv, 41-43. 
 
 Tuberculous pericarditis. Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1893, n. s. ev, 20-37 
 (two diagrams). [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 124.] 
 
 1894 
 
 I. Parotitis in pneumonia. II. Case of pericarditis treated by incision 
 and drainage. Univ. M. Mag., Phila., 1893-4, vi, 245-247, 248-249. 
 [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 139.] 
 
 Says he performed 105 autopsies on pneumonia at Montreal General 
 Hospital. 
 
 The heart in chorea minor. Med. Chron., Manchester, 1894, n. s., i, 321- 
 332. Also, in his: ‘On chorea and choreiform affections,’’ Phila., 1894, 
 [mfra. | 
 
 On chorea and choreiform affections. Phila., 1894, P. Blakiston, Son & 
 Co., 125 p. 8°. [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 149.] 
 
 Diseases of the suprarenal capsules and ductless glands. In: Text-book 
 Theory & Pract. Med. (Pepper), Phila., 1894, ii, 234-246, (pl. 1). 
 
 Diseases of the blood: Introduction; Primary or essential anemias, 
 chlorosis and progressive pernicious anzmia; secondary anemias, in- 
 cluding leukemia; Hodgkin’s disease. In: Text-book theory & Pract. 
 
 
 
 = a... ee ee 
 
 ee iad a ke 
 
 
 

 
 III. CxiinicaL MepiciIneE—BALTIMORE PERIOD 537 
 
 Med. (Pepper), Phila., 1894, ii, 182-233. (2 plates, 10 figs.) [In his: 
 C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 135.] 
 There is a story that he anonymously reviewed one of his articles on the 
 blood—probably this one—severely criticizing himself. His friends 
 were indignant, and endeavored to discover who the reviewer was. 
 
 Toxemia in tuberculosis. Practitioner, Lond., 1894, lii, 26-30. [In his: 
 C. r., 1892-7, iti, No. 138.] 
 
 Clinical remarks on a case of typhoid fever complicated with bronchitis 
 and laryngitis. (Delivered at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, April 11, 
 1894). Maryland M. J., Balt., 1894, xxxi, 1-3. 
 
 Case of hereditary chorea. (Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, 
 Oct. 15, 1894. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1894, v, 119-120. 
 
 Pyrexia and its treatment. Remarks made in discussion at sixty-second 
 annual meeting, British Medical Association, Section Medicine, at Bristol, 
 July 31, and Aug. 1, 2 and 3, 1894. Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1894, 
 li, 1097-1098. 
 
 Tuberculosis. In: Am. Text-book Dis. Child. (Starr), Phila., 1894, 270-302. 
 2nd ed., Phila., 1898, 270-302 (one colored plate). [In his: C. r., 1892-7, 
 lil, No. 134.] 
 
 The diagnosis of abdominal tumours: I. Tumours of the stomach; II. 
 Nodular and massive tumours of the stomach; III. Tumours of the 
 liver; IV. Tumours of the gall-bladder; V. Tumours of the intestine, 
 omentum and pancreas, miscellaneous tumours; VI. Tumours of the 
 kidney. General etiology and symptomatology expanded from articles 
 in Med. News, Phila., 1887. (Lectures delivered to the post-graduate class, 
 Johns Hopkins Hospital, Nov. & Dec., 1893.) New York, 1894, D. 
 Appleton & Co., 192 p. 89, (43 illus.). Also, N. York M. J., 1894, lix, 
 129-134 (7 figs.) ; 161-165 (5 figs.) ; 193-198 (3 figs.) ; 260-265 (5 figs.) ; 
 385-389 (5 figs.) ; 417-422 (4 figs.) ; 481-488 (3 figs.) ; 545-550 (4 figs.) ; 
 577-582 (2 figs.): lx, 65-69 (2 figs.); 97-102 (3 figs.). [In ms: C. 1, 
 1892-7, ili, No. 146.] 
 
 These lectures are based on post mortem findings, with histological 
 studies of the specimens, and thus will always have a permanent value 
 for the clinico-pathologist. 
 
 On the neurosis following enteric fever, known as ‘‘the typhoid spine.’’ 
 Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rept., 1894-5, iv, 73-82. Also, Am. J. Med. Se., 
 Phila., 1894, n. s., evii, 23-30. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 144.] 
 
 Remarks on chills as a cause of error in diagnosis. (Proce. Medico- 
 Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, Nov. 21-22, 1894.) Maryland M. J., 
 Balt., 1894-5, xxxii, 176-177. 
 
 Report on typhoid fever. I. General analysis and summary of the cases. 
 Il. Treatment of typhoid fever. III. A study of the fatal cases. IV. 
 Notes on special features, symptoms and complications. Johns Hopkims 
 llosp. Rept., Balt., 1894-95, iv, 1-72 (charts). [Jn his: C. r., 1892-97, in, 
 Nos. 140-143. ] 
 
 Typhoid fever in Baltimore. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rept., 1894-5, iv. 
 159-167 (one chart). [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 145.] 
 
 Introductory remarks to course of clinical demonstrations on typhoid 
 fever. (Post-graduate course, Johns Hopkins Hospital, October 3, 1894.) 
 Maryland M. J., Balt., 1894-5, xxxii, 79-82. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, 
 No. 151.] 
 
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 538 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Osier 
 
 1895 
 
 Cancer of the stomach with very rapid course. Univ. M. Mag., Phila., 
 1894-5, vii, 248-252. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 152.] 
 
 Case of sporadic cretinism (infantile myxedema) treated successfully 
 with thyroid extract. Arch. Pediat., N. Y., 1895, xii, 105-108. [In his: 
 C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 154.] . 
 
 Hyperpyrexia in typhoid fever. (Rept. Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical 
 Society, Oct. 7, 1895.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. Balt., 1895, vi, 
 143-144. 
 
 Abscess of the liver, perforating the lung. (Rept. Johns Hopkins Hos- 
 pital Medical Society, Oct. 7, 1895.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 
 1895, vi, 144-145. 
 
 On the visceral complications of erythema exudativum multiforme. 
 Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1895, n. s., ex, 629-646. In: Select. essays and 
 monog., Lond., 1897, 321-347, 8°, [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 163.] 
 
 Neuritis during and after typhoid fever. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rept. 
 Balt., 1895, v, 397-416. [In his: C, r., 1892-97, iii, No. 160.] 
 
 Diseases, the direct or indirect result of infection: Cerebro-spinal 
 meningitis, tetanus, hydrophobia, tetany, diphtheritic paralysis. In: 
 Text-book Nerv. Dis. Am. Authors (Dercum), Phila., 1895, 203-226. 
 [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 157.] 
 
 Studies in typhoid fever: Analysis and summary of the cases; special 
 features, symptoms and complications; a study of the fatal cases. 
 Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rept., Balt., 1895, v, 281; 283; 459. [In hts: 
 C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 159.] 
 
 Studies in typhoid fever (No. II.): Five years’ experience with the cold- 
 bath treatment. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rept., Balt., 1895, v, 321-326. 
 Also, Canada M, Rec., Montreal, 1895-6, xxiv, 56-60: Med. News, Phila., 
 1895, Ixvii, 393-395: Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1895-6, xxviii, 261-263. 
 [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 158.] 
 
 The diagnosis of malignant endocarditis. Phonographic Record., Lond., 
 1894-95, i, 107-109. 
 
 Chills in typhoid fever. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rept., Balt., 1895, -v, 
 445-457. Also, Univ. M. Mag., Phila., 1895-6, viii, 77-85. [In his: ©. r., 
 1892-97, iii, No. 161.] 
 
 The principles and practice of medicine. Designed for the use of prac- 
 titioners and students of medicine. 2nd ed. New York, 1895, D. 
 Appleton & Co., 1143 p. 8°. 
 
 Visible contractile tumour of the pylorus following ulcer of the stomach. 
 Montreal M. J., 1895-6, xxiv, 81-86. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 156.] 
 
 Hemiplegia in typhoid fever. (A clinical lecture at the Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital, Dec., 1895.) J. Nerv. §& Ment. Dis., N. Y., 1896, n. 8, XX) 
 295-304. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 170.] 
 
 1896 
 
 The practical value of Laveran’s discoveries. Med. News, Phila., 1895, 
 Ixvii, 561-564. [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 162.] 
 
 Ephemerides, 1895: I. Introduction; II. Heberden’s nodes; III. Geographi- 
 cal tongue; IV. Buccal leucoplakia; V. Acute gout in the United 
 States; VI. Calcification of the auricle; VII. Arthritis deformans in 
 childhood; VIII. Unusual types of night-terrors; IX. Tobacco angina; 
 X. Unusually persistent oxyuris; XI. Is the coin sound distinctive of 
 
 
 

 
 et ee 
 
 
 
 Ill. Cxiinican Mrpicine—Battimorse PrEriop 539 
 
 pneumothorax? XII. Head-swaying in children. Montreal M. J., 1895-6, 
 xxiv, 518-522; 631-635; 694-696; 777-780; 877-880; 969-971. 
 
 On six cases of Addison’s disease, with the report of a case greatly 
 benefited by the use of the suprarenal extract. Internat. M. Mag., 
 Phila., 1896-7, v, 3-11. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 167.] 
 
 Hemorrhage from the bowels in typhoid fever. Maryland M. J., Balt., 
 1896-7, xxxvi, 73-75. 
 
 Pleuro-peritoneal tuberculosis. Exhibition of patient and remarks made 
 at Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, Jan. 20, 1896.) Johns 
 Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1896, vii, 79. 
 
 Addison’s disease. (An address delivered before the elasses of the 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Philadelphia, Jan. 24, 1896.) Med. Bull., 
 Phila., 1896, xviii, 81-84. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 168.] 
 
 The study of the fevers of the South. (The address in general medicine, 
 delivered at the forty-seventh annual meeting of the American Medical 
 Association, at Atlanta, Ga., May 5-8, 1896.) J. Am. M. Assoc., Chicago, 
 1896, xxvi, 999-1004, Also, Abstr.: Maritime M. News, Halifax, 1896, 
 vill, 183-186. (Same as: The treatment of fevers.) 
 
 ‘“,..,As a strong advocate of hydrotherapy, I take especial pleasure 
 in denouncing as heretics of the worst possible stamp, the advocates 
 of the so-called antiseptic and abortive methods of the treatment of 
 typhoid fever. I would place the man who does not for this purpose 
 also give a purge, in a limbo just a little less hot. ei 
 
 Lectures on angina pectoris and allied states: I. Introduction; IT. Angina 
 pectoris vera—ztiology—general description; III. Angina pectoris 
 vera—phenomena of the attack; IV. (i) Syncope anginosa (ii) The 
 Adams-Stokes syndrome (iii) Angina sine dolore (iv) Cardiac asthma. 
 N. York M. J., 1896, Ixiv, 177-183; 249-256; 281-284; 345-350. Repub- 
 lished, with slight additions and corrections, New York, 1897, D. Ap- 
 pleton & Co., 160 p. 8°. (The appendix contains: Note A—Rougnon’s 
 claim; Note B—The case of Mr. Matthew Arnold; Note C—Retention 
 of consciousness after apparent cessation of heart’s action.) [In his: 
 C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 173.] 
 
 The cerebral complications of Raynaud’s disease. Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 
 1896, n. s., exii, 522-529. [In his: C. r., 1892-7, iii, No. 172.] 
 
 Diseases of the blood and ductless glands. In: Am. Text-book of Applied 
 Therap. (Wilson), W. B. Saunders, Phila., 1896, 902-927 (1 plate and 3 
 figs.). [ln his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 171.] 
 
 Case of Addison’s disease—death during treatment with the suprarenal 
 extract. (Proc. Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, Oct. 19, 
 1896.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1896, vii, 208-209. 
 
 A case of diffuse scleroderma, with exhibition of patient. (Medico- 
 Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, Nov. 10, 1896.) Remarks reported 
 Maryland M. J., Balt., 1896-97, xxxvi, 172. 
 
 1897 
 
 *Mitral stenosis—sudden death—-ball thrombus in the left auricle. (Clini- 
 cal remarks, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Jan. 13, 1896). Montreal M. J., 
 1896-7, xxv, 729-731. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 176.] 
 
 A clinical lecture on the ball-valve gallstone in the common duct. (De- 
 livered at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Jan. 22nd, 1897.) Lancet, Lond., 
 1897, i, 1319-1323. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 180.] (Fig. 7.) 
 
 *Specimen in the Medical Museum of McGill University. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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 540  CuassIFieD ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Oster 
 
 The disguises of typhoid fever. (Rept. of remarks made at the con- 
 ference of health officers, held at Baltimore, Feb. 17 and 18, 1897.) 
 Maryland M. J., Balt., 1896-97, xxxvi, 423-425. 
 
 These remarks begin with the words ‘‘The older we grow, the less 
 we know.”’ 
 
 Slow pulse and syncopal attacks. (Correspondence, dated Feb. 12, 1897, 
 on paper by John W. Ogle, entitled ‘‘On some cases of unusual and 
 persistent ‘slowness’ of pulse, presumably dependent upon interference 
 with the intrinsic nerves and ganglia of the heart’’ in Lancet, Lond., 
 1897, i, 296-298.) Lancet, Lond., 1897, i, 623. 
 
 Ephemerides, 1897: XIII. Rheumatic neuritis associated with subcu- 
 taneous nodules; XIV. Bright’s disease or myxedema; XV. Remarkable 
 noisy expiration in chronic emphysema; XVI. Chills and fever in post- 
 partum anemia; XVII. Linex albicantes; XVIII. Two cases of general 
 bromidrosis; XIX. Vertigo and ocular defects. Montreal M. J., 1896-97, 
 xxv, 642-645; 794-796; 890-893; 952-955. | 
 
 Ephemerides, 1897: XX. The blood coagulation time in jaundice; XXI. 
 Facial paralysis with herpes zoster; XXII. Paralysis of the ocular 
 muscles in albuminuria. Montreal M. J., 1897-98, xxvii,36-38. 
 
 On certain features in the prognosis of pneumonia. Am. J. M. Se. 
 Phila., 1897, n. s., exiii, 1-10. Also, North Car. M. J., Wilmington, 1897, 
 xxxix, 295-307. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 175.] 
 
 The diagnosis of malarial fever. (Read before the Medical Society of 
 the County of New York, February 22, 1897.) Med. News, N. Y., 1897, 
 Ixx, 289-292. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 177.] 
 
 On certain unusual forms of paresthetic meralgia. J. Nerv. ¢ Ment. | 
 Dis., N. Y., 1897, xxiv, 131-137. [Jn his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 178.] 
 
 A case of leprosy, with exhibition of patient. (Read before the Clinical 
 Society of Maryland, May 28, 1897.) Maryland M. J., Balt., 1897, 
 xxxvii, 417-419. 
 
 On the classification of the tics or habit movements. (Read before the 
 American Pediatrie Society, Montreal, May 25, 1896.) Arch. Pediat, 
 N. Y., 1897, xiv, 1-5. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 174.] 
 
 Hepatic complications of typhoid fever. Tr. Ass. Am. Physicians, Phila., 
 1897, xii, 378-398. Also, Edinb. M. J., 1897, n. s., ii, 423-439. [In lis: 
 C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 184.] 
 
 Sporadic cretinism in America. (Abstract of paper read on behalf of | 
 the Pediatric Society at its Congress of Physicians and Surgeons, Wash- 
 ington, May, 1897.) Am. J. M. Se., Phila., 1897, exiv, 377-401 (25 figs. 
 in text). Also, T'r. Cong. Am. Phys. & Surg., N. Haven., 1897, iv, 
 169-206 (38 figs. on inserts). [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 188.] 
 
 Internal secretions considered in their physiological, pathological and 
 clinical aspect. 
 
 Relapses in typhoid fever. (Presented in the section on practice of 
 medicine, at the forty-eighth annual meeting of the American Medical 
 Association, held at Philadelphia, June 1-4, 1897.) J. dm. M. AS88. 
 Chicago, 1897, xxix, 97-98. : 
 
 Tuberculosis. In: Amer. Pract. M., Loomis—Thompson, N. Y. & Phila., 
 Phila., 1897, i, 731-848. ‘ 
 
 Dr. Osler was assisted by Drs. George Blumer and T. B. Futcher 10 
 the preparation of this long article. 
 
 Malarial fever (Paludism.) In: Syst. Med. (Allbutt), N. Y. & Lond., 
 1897, ii, 721-742. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 [Reprinted from THE LANCET, May (5th, (897.] 
 
 A CLINICAL LECTURE 
 
 ON 
 
 THE BALL-VALVE GALL-STONE IN 
 THE COMMON DUCT. 
 
 Delivered at the Johns Hopkins Hospital on January 22nd, 1897, 
 
 By WILLIAM OSLER, M.D., F.R.C.P., 
 Professor of Medicine at the Johns‘ Hopkins University. 
 
 GENTLEMEN,—I will begin this lecture by showing you 
 two interesting specimens. The first consists of the stomach, 
 duodenum, and liver. Even from a distance you can see a 
 nodular projection beneath the mucosa of the duodenum, On 
 closer inspection this is seen to correspond to the papilla 
 biliaria, the orifice of which lies a little to the side of the most 
 prominent part of the projection. This nodular body is a 
 hard, firm mass which can be moved up and down, and as I 
 make it appear at the orifice of the duct you see that it is a 
 rounded, dark gall-stone much too large to escape. On moving 
 it up and down it cannot be passed out of the duodenal portion 
 of the duct, but in this it has considerable play. On examining 
 from the side of the duct the stone is seen to lie in a greatly 
 distended diverticulum of Vater. The common duct is of 
 about the size of my index finger, and the main hepatic ducts 
 are also dilated. The cystic duct is wide, and the gall-bladder 
 is perhaps a little enlarged. It did not at the time of the 
 necropsy contain any stones. The dilated bile-ducts and the 
 
 gall-bladder contained bile-stained mucus. There was neither 
 ] 
 
 Fig. 7.—Facsimile of title. (Illustrating Rubric I1). 
 541 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 542  Cuassiriep ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Oster 
 
 1898 
 
 Pneumonia. (Review of the cases studied by the third and fourth year 
 classes, Johns Hopkins Hospital, session 1896-7.) Nat. Med. Rev., Wash., 
 1897-8, vii, 177-180. Also, J. Pract. Med., N. Y., 1897-8, viii, 308-311. 
 [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 186.] 
 
 Cerebral features of pneumonia. Maryland M. J., Balt., 1897-8, xxxviii, 
 381-383. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 195.] 
 
 I. Spontaneous pneumothorax; II. Aneurism of the abdominal aorta. 
 (Remarks and exhibition of patient at the Clinical Society of Maryland, 
 Feb. 18, 1898.) Maryland M. J., Balt., 1897-8; xxxvili, 461-462; 463. 
 
 Bin Fall von Fistula csophago-pleuro-thoracica. Arch, f. Verdawingskr., 
 Berl., 1897-98, iii, 383-386 (one plate). [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, 
 No. 191.] 
 
 On chronic symmetrical enlargement of the salivary and lachrymal 
 glands [achroécytosis]. Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1898, exv, 27-30 (one 
 illus. in text.) [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, 189.] 
 
 Refers to the second edition of Osler’s ‘‘Practice’’, issued in 1895, 
 where he reported such a case as the first of its kind, and then states, 
 ‘‘T had overlooked the fact that Mikulicz, in 1892, had described the 
 condition as a characterized form of chronic disease previously un- 
 recognized.’’ ‘This is one of the few instances in which Dr. Osler had 
 to acknowledge an incomplete search of medical literature before pub- 
 lication of a paper. 
 On some of the intestinal features of typhoid fever. Phila. M. J., 1898, 
 i, 30-32. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 190.] | 
 Leprosy in the United States, with the report of a case. (Clinical 
 lecture delivered at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Feb, 2, 1898). Johns 
 Hopkins Hosp. Bull.; Balt., 1898, ix, 47-49. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, 
 iv, No. 193.] | , 
 On diffuse scleroderma: with special reference to diagnosis, and to the 
 use of the thyroid-gland extract. J. Cutan. § Genitourin. Dis. N. Y., 
 1898, xvi, 49; 127 (one colored plate and 3 figs.). [In his: C. r., 1897- 
 1902, iv, No. 194.] . 
 Cerebro-spinal fever. (A clinical lecture on seven cases at the Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital delivered before the post-graduate class June 
 15, 1898.) Maryland M. J., Balt., 1898, xxxix, 717-723. [In his: ©. 1, 
 1897-1902, iv, No. 196.] 2) . 
 (The clinical value of enlargement of the spleen.) (Correspondence with 
 Robert Turner, M.D., on the latter’s paper with this title which appeared 
 in the Brit. M. J., Sept. 24, 1898.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1898, ii, 1590. . 
 The arthritis of cerebro-spinal fever. (Clinical lecture, Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital, Nov. 9, 1898.) Boston M. & S. J., 1898, cxxxix, 641-643. 
 [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 197.] 
 Tuberculosis. In: Am. Text-book Dis. Child. (Starr), 2nd ed., Phila., 
 1898, 270-302. | 
 The principles and practice of medicine: Designed for the use of prac- 
 titioners and students of medicine. 3rd ed., New York, 1898, D. 
 Appleton & Co., 1181 p. 89. 
 
 1899 
 
 On the study of pneumonia. St. Paul M. J., St. Paul, Minn., 1899, i, 5-9. 
 [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 198.] 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 III. Cxirnican Mrepicine—Ba.rTimorEe Prriop 543 
 
 Though written twenty-five years ago, the following quoted statements 
 are as true to-day as then: ‘‘ Among diseases there is not one which 
 requires to be more fully and carefully presented than pnewmonia— 
 the most common as well as the most serious acute affection of this 
 country, with a mortality exceeding that of all the other acute fevers 
 put together, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, whooping-cough, 
 typhoid fever and dysentery.’’ 
 
 (A case of hemochromatosis, by Dr. Opie. Proc. Johns Hopkins Hos- 
 pital Medical Society, March 20, 1899.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. 
 Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1899, x, 213. 
 
 (Cerebro-spinal meningitis.) (Remarks at Clinical Society of Maryland, 
 April 7, 1899.) Rept. Maryland M. J., Balt., 1899, xli, 230-231. 
 
 Report of a clinic on cerebro-spinal fever. (Proc. Medico-Chirurgical 
 Faculty of Maryland, April 25, 1899.) Remarks reported Maryland 
 M. J., 1899, xli, 291-293. 
 
 (Discussion of a case of combined typhoid and quartan malarial fevers, by 
 Dr. Craig. Read by Dr. Thayer, in author’s absence. Proc. Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital Medical Society. ) Rept. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 
 Balt., 1899, x, 214. 
 
 Cases illustrating forms of pigmentation of the skin. Johns Hopkins 
 Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1899, x, 231-232. 
 
 The diagnosis of typhoid fever. Discussion at the New York State 
 Medical Association, Oct. 25, 1899. WN. York M. J., 1899, Ixx, 673-676. 
 [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 207.] 
 
 Clinical remarks on hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver with bronzing 
 
 _ Of the skin: Iemochromatosis (two case reports.) (Read in the sec- 
 tion of medicine at the annual meeting of the British Medical Associa- 
 tion, Portsmouth, Aug. 1-4, 1899.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1899, ii, 1595-1596. 
 [In his: ©. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 208.] 
 
 (The preventive and remedial treatment of tuberculosis, by T. Clifford 
 Allbutt at the 67th meeting of the British Medical Association, 
 
 August 1-4, 1899.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. Brit, M. J., Lond., 
 1899, ii, 1155. 
 
 Chronic splenic enlargement with recurring gastro-intestinal hemorrhages. 
 Edinb. M. J., 1899, n. s., v, 441-453. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 
 204. ] 
 
 Reports three cases, with clinical summaries which were of great in- 
 terest to Osler in connection with new views about splenic anzmia. 
 The clinical features of sporadic trichinosis. Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1899, 
 N. 8., exvii, 251-265 (two charts.) [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 201.] 
 
 An acute myxcedematous condition, with tachycardia, glycosuria, melzna, 
 mania and death. (Read at the twenty-fourth annual meeting of the 
 American Neurological Association, May, 1898). J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., 
 N. Y., 1899, xxvi, 65-71. Rev. in Albany M. Ann., 1899, xx, 465-466. 
 [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 200.] 
 
 On the etiology and diagnosis of cerebro-spinal fever: I. Summary of 
 the features of cerebro-spinal fever as an epidemic; II. Bacteriology 
 of cerebro-spinal fever; III. Diagnosis; IV. Sporadic meningitis; V. 
 Note on treatment. (Cavendish lecture read before the West London 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society, June 16, 1899.) London, 1899, 46 p. 8° 
 (nine charts and two figs. in the text.) Also, West Lond. M. d,, Lond., 
 1899, iv, 145-188: Boston M. g S. J., 1899, exli, 1-6; 32-38 (no illus.), 
 (from advance sheets courteously furnished by the editor of the West 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 544 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WM. OSLER 
 
 Lond. M. J.): Brit. M. J., Lond., 1899, i, 1517-1529: Canad. Pract. ¢ 
 Rev., Toronto, 1899, xxix, 447-455 (slightly abridged: contains illus.) : 
 Lancet, Lond., 1899, i, 1699-1709 (includes criticism): Phila, M. J., 1899, 
 iv, 26-41. Also referred to in J. of Nerv. & M. Dis., 1899, xxvi. [In his: 
 C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 205.] 
 
 A case of double congenital cystic kidney. (Presented at Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital Medical Society, Jan. 23, 1899.) Maryland M. J., Balt., 1899, 
 xii, 91. 
 
 [Clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever.] Discussion by Dr. Osler. Rept. 
 B. M. & 8. J., 1899, exli, 526. 
 
 1900 
 
 On splenic anemia. Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1900, n. s., exix, 54-73. [In his: 
 C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 209.] ; 
 
 A case of multiple gangrene in malarial fever. Johns Hopkws Hosp. Bull. 
 Balt., 1900, xi, 41-42. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 211.] 
 
 The visceral lesions of the erythema group. Brit. J. Dermat., Lond, 
 1900, xii, 227-245. Also, Internat. contrib. med. lit. Festschr..... ; 
 ....Abraham Jacobi, N. Y., 1900, 446-462. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, 
 iv, No. 213.] (See Fig. 8.) 
 
 Hemiplegia in typhoid fever. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rep., Balt., 1900, 
 viii, 363-371. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 217.] 
 
 Hepatic complications of typhoid fever. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rep., 
 Balt., 1900, viii, 373-383. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 218.] 
 
 Analysis and general summary of the cases [of typhoid fever] from 
 1889-1899. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rep., Balt., 1900, viii, 421-422. Also, 
 under title, General summary of the cases of typhoid fever treated 
 in the Johns Hopkins Hospital for ten years. Phila. M. J., 1900, vi, 
 696-697. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 219.] 
 
 Special features, symptoms and complications [of typhoid fever]. Johns 
 Hopkins Hosp. Rep., Balt., 1900, viii, 423-486. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, 
 iv, No. 220.] 
 
 Cancer of the stomach: A clinical study. (With T. McCrae.) Phila., 
 1900, P. Blakiston’s Son & Co., 157 p. 8]. 
 
 Cancer of the stomach in the young. (With T. McCrae.) WN. York M. Ju 
 1900, Ixxi, 581-585. 
 
 A study of the blood in cancer of the stomach. (With T. McCrae.) N. 
 York M. J., 1900, lxxi, 757-761. 
 
 Latent cancer of the stomach. (With T. McCrae.) Phila. M. J., 1900, 
 v, 245-247. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 212.] 
 
 (Fatal angina pectoris without lesions of the coronary arteries in & 
 young man, by T. E. Bullard.) Remarks upon the case by William 
 Osler. Med. News, N. Y., 1900, xxvii, 974-976. 
 
 1901 
 
 Case of asthma with cyanosis, extensive purpura, painful muscles, and 
 eosinophilia. (Proc. Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, Oct. 
 15, 1900.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1901, xii, 17. Also, Mary- 
 land M. J., Balt., 1901, xliv, 31. 
 
 The medical aspects of carcinoma of the breast, with a note on the 
 spontaneous disappearance of secondary growths. Am. Med., Phila, 
 1901, i, 17-19; 63-66. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 226.] 
 
 - 
 
 —~ (a “2 ee 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 Reprinted from the Britise Journat or Dermatotoey, No. 141, Vol. 12. | 
 
 THE 
 
 VISCERAL LESIONS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE ERYTHEMA GROUP. 
 
 By WILLIAM OSLER, M.D., F.R.S., 
 
 Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 Ix December, 1895,+ I published a series of eleven cases charac- 
 terised by— 
 
 I. Polymorphous skin lesions: (a) acute circumscribed cedema ; 
 () urticaria; (c) purpura; and (d) ordinary exudative erythema. 
 
 IJ. Polymorphous visceral lesions ; (a) local serous or hemorrhagic 
 exudate in the walls of stomach or bowels, causing (1) crises of pain 
 and (2) hemorrhages; (¥) acute nephritis; and (c) certain rare 
 pulmonary and other lesions. 
 
 III. Infiltration of synovial sheaths, peri-articular tissues, and 
 arthritis. 
 
 It would have been better, as some of my dermatological friends 
 suggested, not to have described the cases under the name erythema 
 exudativum multiforme, the term which has been used to designate 
 the so-called pure type of polymorphous erythema, but it was really 
 very difficult to find a name under which to group the cases. Duhring 
 has suggested that the majority of them should be regarded as 
 purpura rather than erythema, but in only Cases 6, 7, and 11 was 
 purpura the sole lesion, while in the remaining cases there was 
 exudate (either serous or hemorrhagic or both), with swelling. 
 
 ‘In the following communication I shall give the subsequent history 
 
 * Paper prepared for the Jacobi Festschrift, New York, 1900. 
 + American Journal of the Medical Sciences: cf. Brit. Journ. of Dermat. 
 Vol. VIII, p. 55. 
 B 
 
 Fig. 8.— A new clinical entity’. Facsimile of title. (Illustrating Rubric ITD). 
 
 545 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 546 CuassirFieED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsiEeR 
 
 On perforation and perforative peritonitis in typhoid fever. Phila. M. J., 
 1901, vii, 116-119. Also, St. Louis M. §& 8S. J., 1901, Ixxx, 254-264, 
 {In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 222.] 
 
 Surgical intervention in perforation in typhoid fever. Phila. M. J,, 
 1901, vii, 138. 
 
 Chronic jaundice with xanthoma multiplex. (Proc. Johns Hopkins Hos- 
 pital Society, Feb. 4, 1901.) Johns Hopkins Hospttal Bull., Balt., 1901, 
 xii, 220. Also, Maryland M. J., Balt., 1901, xliv, 126. 
 
 On hemorrhage in chronic jaundice. (Proc. Johns Hopkins Hospital 
 Medical Society, April 1, 1901.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. Balt., 
 1901, xii, 264-265. 
 
 Hemorrhage in chronic jaundice. (Correspondence.) Am. Med., Phila., 
 1901, i, 152. , 
 
 Typhoid spine. (Proc. Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, April 1, 
 1901.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1901, xii, 265. 
 
 This is probably the last occasion on which he dwelt particularly on 
 the element of ‘‘neurosis’’ in typhoid spine. 
 Exhibition of medical cases. (Proc. Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical 
 Society, May 20, 1901.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1901, xii, 
 296-298. 
 
 (Typhoid fever and typhus fever, by H. Curschmann.) With additions, 
 by William Osler. Authorized transl. from the German under the edi- 
 torial supervision of A. Stengel, Phila. & Lond., 1901, W. B. Saunders 
 & Co., 646 p. 89. 
 
 Congenital absence of the abdominal muscles, with distended and hyper- 
 trophied urinary bladder. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1901, 
 xii, 331-333. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 228.] 
 
 A plea for the more careful study of the symptoms of perforation in 
 typhoid fever, with a view to early operation. Lancet, Lond., 1901, 
 i, 386-387. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 225.] 
 
 On the advantages of a trace of albumin and a few tube casts in the 
 urine of certain men above fifty years of age. N. York M. J., 1901, 
 Ixxiv, 949-950. Also, Indian M. Ree., Caleutta, 1902, xxii, 92-93. [In: 
 his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 227.] 
 
 Sporadic cretinism (infantile and juvenile myxedema). In: Cyel. Dis. 
 Child., M. & S., 2nd ed. (Keating), Phila., 1901, v, 359-371. [In ls: 
 C. r., 1897-1902, iv, 203.] : 
 
 On a family form of recurring epistaxis, associated with multiple 
 telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes. Johns Hopkis 
 Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1901, xii, 333-337. [In his: C. r, 1897-1902, lV, 
 No. 229.] (See Fig. 9.) 
 
 The spinal form of arthritis deformans. (Remarks introductory to 4 
 discussion on the subject.) Tr. Ass. Am. Physicians, Phila., 1901, xvi, 
 687-689. | 
 
 Cerebro-spinal fever. In: Cycl. Dis. Child., M. & 8S. (Keating). Phila., 
 1901, v, 1333-1351 (3 figs.). 
 
 ‘It has been found necessary to revise many of the articles and to 
 add some new ones, notably those by Osler on cerebro-spinal fever, 
 etc.’ 
 
 The principles and practice of medicine. Designed for the the use of 
 practitioners and students of medicine. 4. ed., New York, 1901, D. 
 Appleton & Co., 1182 p. 89. 
 
 4 Pre vy 
 tie heb 
 

 
 {From Tae Jouxs Horxixs Hoserrar Buttetix, Vol. XII, No. 128, 
 November, 1901. } 
 
 ON A FAMILY FORM OF RECURRING EPISTAXIS, 
 ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE TELANGIECTASES 
 OF THE SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES. 
 
 By WILLIAM Oster, M. D., 
 Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Unwersity. 
 
 The association here described ig -rare, as, after a careful 
 search through the literature, I can find but one reference 
 to a similar case. 
 
 An hereditary form of epistaxis has been well described 
 by Babbington.’ 
 
 The association of epistaxis with angiomata of the nasal 
 Septum has long been known; but for the associated con- 
 dition of multiple telangiectases of other mucous membranes 
 and of the skin, I have been able to find only the following 
 report by Rendu.* A man, aged 52, whose father had had 
 repeated attacks of melena, and whose mother and brother 
 had been subject to epistaxis, was admitted in a condition 
 of profound anemia, having had for three weeks a daily 
 recurrence of epistaxis. He had had his first attacks of 
 bleeding from the nose at the age of twelve, and had been 
 subject to them ever since, particularly in the spring. He 
 had never had any other hemorrhages. On the skin of the 
 nose, of the cheeks and of the upper lip there were numerous 
 small red spots due to dilatation of superficial vessels of the 
 skin. Similar small telangiectases were seen on the internal 
 surfaces of the lips, the cheeks, the tongue, and on the soft 
 palate. The punctiform angiomas were not seen on the 
 mucous membrane of the nose. 
 
 ' Lancet, 1865, ii, p. 362. 
 ?Gaz. des Hépitaux, 1896, p. 1322. 
 
 (1) 
 
 Fie. 9.—* A new clinical entity.’’ Facsimile of title. (Mlustrating Rubric IIT). 
 
 547 
 
 (333) 
 
 [334] 
 
 (333] 
 
 
 
 ee 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 548 YLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Os.EerR 
 
 Medical aspects of cancer of the breast. (Read before the Clinical 
 Society of Maryland, Baltimore, April 19, 1901.) Virginia M. Semi- 
 Month., Richmond, 1901-02, vi, 84-86. Rept. with discussion. Maryland 
 M. J., 1901, xlvi, 397-402. 
 
 1902 
 
 Intermittent claudication. Montreal M. J., 1902, xxxi, 81-86. 
 
 Exhibition of medical cases. Primitive splenomegaly with anzrmia, 
 cirrhosis of the liver and jaundice—Banti’s disease. (Proc. Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, Oct. 7, 1901.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. 
 Bull., Balt., 1902, xiii, 53. 
 
 Coma in cancer of the stomach. (Proc. Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical 
 Society, Jan. 6, 1902.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1902, xiii, 
 145-146. 
 
 Ameebic dysentery. (Remarks at a discussion at the Philadelphia County 
 Medical Society, Philadelphia, Mareh 26, 1902.) Proc. Phila. Co, M. 
 Soc., Phila., 1902, n. s., iv, 44-46. Also, Therap. Gaz., Detroit, 1902, 
 3. 8., xviil, 217-218. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 232.] 
 
 Hemiplegia in pernicious anemia. (Proc. Johns Hopkins Hospital Medi- 
 eal Society, April 7, 1902.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1902, 
 xili, 251. 
 
 The principles and practice of medicine. Designed for the use of 
 practitioners and students of medicine. 5. ed., New York, 1902, D. 
 Appleton & Co., 1079 p. 89, 
 
 On the diagnosis of bilateral cystic kidney. Am. Med., Phila., 1902, iii, 
 463-464. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 230.] 
 
 On ameebic abscess of the liver. Med. News, N. Y., 1902, lxxx, 673-677. 
 [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 231.] 
 
 Note on the occurrence of ascites in solid abdominal tumors. Phila. 
 M. J., 1902, ix, 928-929. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 233.] 
 
 This was a very favorite subject. The case which prompted this paper 
 has been seen by many prominent men. No one recognized the solid 
 tumour until Sir William examined it at once after tapping. 
 
 Notes on aneurism. J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1902, xxxviii, 1483-1486. 
 [In hts: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 235.] 
 
 On heredity in bilateral cystic kidney. Am. Med., Phila., 1902, iii, 951. 
 [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 236.] 
 
 On splenic anemia. (Second paper.) (Read at the meeting of the 
 Association of American Physicians, Philadelphia, May, 1902.) Tr. Ass. 
 Am. Physicians, Phila., 1902, xvii, 429-456. Also, Am. J. M. Sc, Phila., 
 1902, exxiv, 751-770. [In his: ©. r., 1902-07, v, No. 239.] 
 
 1903 
 
 Case of leukemia. Virginia M. Semi-Month., Richmond, 1902-03, vii, 540. 
 
 Aneurism of the descending thoracic aorta. Phila., 1903, J. B. Lippincott 
 Co., 40 p. 8°. Also, Internat. Clin., Phila., 1903, 13. s., i, 1-40. [Jn Ms: 
 C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 242.] ; 
 
 Certain forms of cyanosis with polycythemia. (Proc. Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital Medical Society, Nov. 17, 1902.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. 
 Balt., 1903, xiv, 91, Also, Maryland M. J., Balt., 1903, xlvi, 81-82. 
 
 A case of chronic purpuric erythema (eight years’ duration) with pig- 
 mentation of skin and enlargement of liver and spleen. J. Cutan. Dis. 
 
 
 

 
 Extracted from The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, August, 1903. 
 
 
 
 CHRONIC CYANOSIS, WITH POLYCYTHAMIA AND ENLARGED 
 SPLEEN: A NEW CLINICAL ENTITY. 
 
 By WILLIAM OSLER, M.D., 
 PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE IN JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 
 
 THE group of cases here reported, with those collected from the 
 literature, are worthy of careful study, as we have here in all prob- 
 ability ‘‘ a definite clinical entity and one which is new to medical 
 science,” to use the words of Saundby and Russell in describing their 
 ease. The condition is characterized by chronic cyanosis, polycy- 
 themia, and moderate enlargement of the spleen. The chief symptoms 
 have been weakness, prostration, constipation, headache, and vertigo. 
 A further analysis will be reserved until after the consideration of the 
 
 Cases : 
 
 Case Il. Cyanosis for years, of unknown origin; albuninuria, rapid 
 pulse ; polycythemia; high vascular tension.—Dr. K., aged forty-four 
 years, consulted’ me October 28, 1901, complaining of a rapid pulse 
 and diffuse cyanosis. He has been a very healthy man, active and 
 vigorous, of good habits; has had no serious illnesses. He has been 
 uneasy about himself, as he had detected a trace of albumin in the 
 urine. for several years his wife has noticed that he has had a very 
 congested appearance, and the eyes would often be deeply suffused, 
 I have seen him at intervals for the past five years and have known 
 him to be a very blue-faced man. He has been of a constipated habit. 
 His eyes are somewhat prominent, but his wife says this is natural to 
 him. He has constantly a feeling of fulness in the head, sometimes 
 a sensation of vertigo, and for these symptoms he consulted me. 
 
 He was a well-built, well-nourished man; the face much suffused , 
 the ears looked a little blue; the conjunctive were injected, and the 
 lips distinctly cyanotic. The tongue also looked cyanotic. The gen- 
 eral surface of the skin looked suffused and the anemia left after 
 pressure of the hand on the skin was very marked and very slowly 
 obliterated. The feet and hands were quite cyanosed. The radials 
 and temporals were moderately sclerotic. Pulse 120, regular, Apex 
 beat in fifth, just inside the nipple line; sounds clear; aortic second a 
 little accentuated. There was no enlargement of the thyroid. No 
 enlargement of the liver; moderate enlargement of the spleen, the 
 edge of which was palpable. The chest was well formed, not barrel- 
 shaped; the cervical muscles not prominent. Expansion of the chest 
 good. No sign of emphysema. Expiration not prolonged. Once or 
 
 Fig. 10.—“A new clinical entity.” Facsimile of title. (Illustrating Rubric 
 
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 550 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY oF Wy. Oster 
 
 mel. Syph., N. Y., 1903, xxi, 297-302. [In his: ©. r., 1902-1907, y, 
 No. 244.] | 
 
 On obliteration of the superior vena cava. Johns Hopkins Hosp, Bull., 
 Balt., 1903, xiv, 169-175. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 245. ] 
 
 On the so-called Stokes-Adams disease (slow pulse with syncopal attacks, 
 etc.) Lancet, Lond., 1903, ii, 516-524. [In his: ©. r., 1902-1907, v, 
 No. 246.] 
 
 Two cases of cirrhosis of the liver in children. (Proc. Johns Hopkins 
 
 Hospital Medical Society, March 16, 1903.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 
 Balt., 1903, xiv, 322. 
 
 Chronic cyanosis with polycythemia and enlarged spleen; a new clinical 
 entity. dm. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1903, n. s., exxvi, 187-201, Also, Tr. Ass, 
 Am. Physicans, Phila., 1903, xviii, 299-325. [In his: ©. r., 1902-1907, 
 v, No. 247.] (See Fig. 10.) 
 
 On the visceral manifestations of the erythema group of skin diseases. 
 Tr. Ass, Am. Physicians, Phila., 1903, xviii, 599-624. [In his: C. 1, 
 1902-1907, v, No. 251.] 
 
 Diabetes in infancy. (Correspondence.) Phila. M. J., 1903, xi, 538. 
 
 The significance of cutaneous angiomata. Med. N ews, N. Y., 1903, lxxxii, 
 91. 
 
 The varieties of linex albicantes. Med. News, N. Y., 1903, Ixxxiii, 904. 
 
 (Congenital hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus, by H. Beardsley.) Note 
 by Prof. William Osler. Arch. Pediat., N. Y., 1903, xx, 355. 
 
 Typhoid fever and tuberculosis. 4m. Med., Phila., 1903, vi, 1015-1016. 
 [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 249.] 
 
 This paper was prompted by a very sad case. A physician brought 
 his daughter to the hospital thinking she had typhoid fever, when she 
 had advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. 7. McC. 
 
 1904 
 
 Ochronosis: the pigmentation of cartilages, sclerotics, and skin in al- 
 kaptonuria. Lancet, Lond., 1904, i, 10-11. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, 
 v, No. 253.] 
 
 On the visceral manifestations of the erythema group of skin diseases. 
 (Third paper.) Am. J. M. Sce., Phila. & N. Y., 1904, n, s., exxvii, 1-23. 
 
 Vasomotor mottling. (Proc. Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, 
 Nov. 16, 1903.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1904, xv, 66. 
 
 Aneurysm of arch of aorta and innominate. (Proc. Johns Hopkins Hos- 
 pital Medical Society, Nov. 16, 1903.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull, Balt., 
 1904, xv, 66. | 
 
 On the surgical importance of the visceral crises in the erythema group 
 of skin diseases. Am. J. M. Sc., Phila. & N. Y., 1904, n. s., exxvu, 
 751-754. Also, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1904, xv, 259-261. 
 [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 254.] 
 
 Angina pectoris and arterio-sclerosis. J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1904, 
 xlii, 775-776. 
 
 Chronic cyanotic polycythemia with enlarged spleen. Brit. M. J., Lond., 
 1904, i, 121-122. 
 Korsakoff’s disease. N. York M. J., (ete.), 1904, Ixxix, 570. 
 
 The treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion and pneumothorax. (Re- 
 marks in opening discussion in section of medicine at meeting of British 
 
 . et? Pa ‘ 
 le enlil 
 

 
 III. CurntcaL MEDIcINE—BALTIMORE PERIOD 551 
 
 Medical Association, Oxford, July 26-29, 1904.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 
 1904, ii, 999-1001. 
 (Table of comparison between typhus and typhoid fever. By A. Stillé.) 
 
 Introductory note by Professor Osler. Univ. Penn. M. Bull., Phila., 
 1904-05, xvii, 63-64. 
 
 1905 
 
 (Diseases of the liver, gall-bladder, and bile-ducts, by H. D. Rolleston. 
 Philadelphia, New York & London. W. B. Saunders & Co., 1905.) 
 Book review, signed BE. ¥. D. Amer. J. Med. Sc., 1905, n. s., exxix, 
 896-898. 
 
 Biliary cirrhosis of family type. (Delivered at Johns Hopkins Hospital 
 Medical Society, Nov. 7, 1904.) Rept. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 
 1905, xvi, 112-113. 
 
 Acute tuberculous pneumonia. Brooklyn M. J., 1905, xix, 57-61. 
 
 A case of arterio-venous aneurysm of the thigh. (Report to Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, Dec. 19, 1904.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. 
 Bull., Balt., 1905, xvi, 119. 
 
 A case of arterio-venous aneurysm. (Exhibition of patient.) (Proe. 
 Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society, Jan. 16, 1905.) Rept. Johns 
 Hopkins Hosp. Bull,, Balt., 1905, xvi, 146. 
 
 The principles and practice of medicine, designed for the use of prac- 
 titioners and students of medicine. 6. ed., N. Y. & Lond., 1905, D. 
 Appleton & Co., 1143 p. 89, 
 
 (Principles of clinical pathology. A text-book for students and phy- 
 sicians. By Rudolf Krehl. Authorized transl. from the 3rd German 
 ed. by Walter Hewlett.) Introduction to: Ist ed. Phila. & Lond., 
 1905 J. B. Lippincott Co., pp. xili-xiv. Also,, in 2nd ed., 1907: 4th ed., 
 1917. 
 
 The pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of various forms of meningitis. 
 (Remarks in discussion with Sir H. Tooth, et al, at British Medical 
 Association, Leicester, 1905, July 24-28.) Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 
 1905, J. B. Lippincott Co., pp. xiii-xiv. 
 
 Aneurism of the abdominal aorta. (Delivered Medico-Chirurgical So- 
 ciety, Montreal.) Lancet, Lond., 1905, 11, 1089-1096. [In his: C. nr, 
 1902-1907, v, No. 257.] 
 
 OXFORD PERIOD 
 (1905-1919) 
 1906 
 Convulsions in typhoid fever. Practitioner, Lond., 1906, Ixxvi, 1-8. [In 
 his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 258.] 
 
 (Clinical diagnosis: A text-book of clinical microscopy and clinical chemistry 
 for medical students, laboratory workers, and practitioners of medicine, by 
 Charles Phillips Emerson.) J. B. Lippincott & Co., Phila. & N. Y., 
 1906, pp. xxvii-xxix. 
 
 The medical aspects of carcinoma of the breast. (Address delivered 
 before Leamington Medical Society.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1906, i, 1-4. 
 [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 259.] 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 552 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Osier 
 
 Angina pectoris as an early symptom in aneurysm of the aorta. Med. 
 Chron., Manchester, 1906, xliv, 69-79. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 
 260. | 
 
 1907 
 
 On multiple hereditary telangiectases with recurring hemorrhages, 
 (1907.) Quart. J. Med., Oxford, 1907-08, i, 53-58. [In his: C. 1, 
 1907-1920, vi, No. 268.] 
 
 Splenic poleythemia with cyanosis. (Remarks in discussion, Dec. 13, 
 1907.) Rept. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1907-08, i, Clin. Sect., 41-42. 
 
 Case showing unusual situation of gouty deposit, in the olecranon bursa. 
 (Remarks in discussion, Dec. 13, 1907.) Rept. Proc, Roy. Soo. Med., 
 Lond., 1907-08, i, Clin. Sect., 54. 
 
 A clinical lecture on abdominal tumors associated with disease of the 
 testicle. (Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, March 20, 1907.) Lancet, Lond., 
 1907, i, 1409-1412. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 266.] 
 
 The indications for operation in cases of intracranial tumour. (Remarks 
 in discussion at British Medical Association, Exeter, July 31, 1907.) 
 Rept. Lancet, Lond., 1907, ii, 334. 
 
 Cerebro-spinal fever. (Address to students in Edinburgh, Feb. 8, 1907.) 
 Edin. M. J., 1907, n. s., xxi, 199-204. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, 
 No. 264. ] 
 
 On telangiectasis circumscripta universalis. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 
 Balt., 1907, xviii, 401-403. [In his: ©. r., 1907-1920 ,vi, No. 269.] 
 
 The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. (Remarks in discussion, British 
 Medical Association, Exeter, July 27 to Aug. 2, 1907.) Rept. Brit. 
 M. J., Lond., 1907, ii, 1132-1135. 
 
 Early diagnosis of cancer of the stomach. (Remarks in discussion, Bath 
 & British Branch, British Medical Association, Bath, Feb. 27, 1907.) 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1907, i, 746. 
 
 Syphilis, (with J. W. Churchman.) In: Modern Medicine. (Osler & 
 McCrae), Phila. & N. Y., 1907, iii, 436-521. Also, 2. ed., 1914, ii, 144-215. 
 [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 281.] 
 
 The clinical features of ochronosis. Quart. J. Med., Oxford, 1907-8, ui 
 202-204. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 271.] 
 
 1908 
 
 La pratique de la médecine. Traduction frangaise sur la 6 me. édition par 
 M. Salomon et Louis Lazard. Préface du Dr. Pierre Marie. Par., 1908, 
 G. Steinheil, 1230 p. 8°. 
 
 Pneumococeus infections. (Remarks in discussion at Medical Society 
 London, Dec. 9, 1907.) Rept. Tr. Med. Soc., Lond., 1908, xxxi, 93-100; 
 114-117. Also, (slightly abridged) Clin. J., Lond., 1907-08, xxx, 295-301, 
 Lancet, Lond., 1907, ii, 1683-1684: Brit. M. J., Lond., 1907, ii, 1713- 
 1714. 
 
 Acute endocarditis. In: Modern Medicine. (Osler & MeCrae), Phila. 
 & N. Y., 1908, iv, 133-150. Also, 2. ed., 1915, iv, 148-165. [In his: 
 C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 275.] 
 
 Diseases of the valves of the heart. (With A. G. Gibson.) In: Modern 
 Medicine. (Osler & McCrae), Phila. & N. Y., 1908, iv, 205-269, 2nd ed. 
 v. iv, 1915, 212-274. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 275.] 
 
 
 

 
 II. Cxiinican MepiciIns—Oxrorp Prriop 553 
 
 Diseases of the arteries. In: Modern Medicine. (Osler & McCrae), Phila. 
 & N. Y., 1908, iv, 426-447; 2nd ed., 1915, iv, 449-471. [In his: C. r., 
 1907-1920, vi, No. 275. 
 
 Aneurysm. In: Modern Medicine. (Osler & McCrae). Phila. & N. sor 
 1908, iv, 448-502. Also, 2. ed., 1915, iv, 472-525. [In his: ©. Pus 
 1907-1920, vi, No. 275.] 
 
 A clinical lecture on erythremia (polycythemia with cyanosis, maladie 
 de Vaquez.) (Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, Nov. 28, 1907.) Lancet, 
 Lond., 1908, i, 143-146. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 272.] 
 
 Splenic enlargements other than leukemic. (Delivered at meeting of 
 British Medical Association, Sheffield, July 24-31, 1908.) Brit. M. J., 
 Lond., 1908, ii, 1151-1154. 
 
 Historical note on hereditary chorea. Newrographs, Brooklyn, 1908, i, 
 113-116. 
 
 A case of Hodgkin’s disease with general eosinophilia. Lancet, Lond., 
 1908, i, 1226. (Unsigned annotations of paper by O. H. Perry Pepper 
 in Bull. Ayer Clim. Lab. Penn. Hosp., Dec., 1907, No. iv, 22. 
 
 Endocardites infectieuses chroniques. Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hép. de 
 Par., 1908, 3. 8., xxv, 794-796. Also, Tribune Méd., Par., 1908, n. s., 
 xl, 773. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 274.] 
 
 1909 
 
 The principles and practice of medicine, designed for the use of prac- 
 titioners and students of medicine. 7. ed., N. Y. & Lond., 1909, D. 
 Appleton & Co., 1143 p. 80. 
 
 Raynaud’s disease. In: Modern Medicine. (Osler & McCrae), Phila. & 
 N. Y., 1909, vi, 625-647. Also, 2. ed., 1915, iv, 975-997. [In his: C. r., 
 1907-1920, vi, No. 279.] 
 
 Diffuse scleroderma; erythomelalgia. In: Modern Medicine. (Osler & 
 McCrae), Phila. & N. Y., 1909, vi, 665-682. Also, 2. ed., 1915, iv, 1014- 
 1031. [Jn his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 279.] 
 
 Angioneurotic cdema; Quincke’s disease. In: Modern Medicine. (Osler 
 & McCrae), Phila. & N. Y., 1909, vi, 648-664. Also, 2. ed., 1915, iv, 
 998-1013. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 279.] 
 
 Visceral syphilis. (With Alexander G. Gibson.) In: Syst. Syph. (Power 
 & Murphy), Lond., 1909, Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, iii, 
 1-80. 
 
 Paralysis of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve in mitral-valve disease. 
 Montreal M. J., 1909, xxxviii, 79-83. Also, (De la paralysie du nerf 
 récurrent gauche dans les affections mitrales), Arch. d. Mal du coeur 
 (ete.), Par., 1909, ii, 73-76. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 277.] 
 
 Angina pectoris. (Remarks in discussion, British Medical Association, 
 Belfast, July 23-30, 1909. Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1909, ii, 1128. 
 
 (Pneumococcus invasion of the throat, followed by pleuropneumonia 
 and appendicitis; operation and recovery, by W. E. Peacock.) Note 
 by Professor Osler. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1909, ii, 1274. 
 
 Note on the relation of the capillary blood-vessels in purpura. Lancet, 
 Lond., 1909, i, 1385-1386. 
 
 The treatment of disease. (The address in medicine before the Ontario 
 Medical Association, Toronto, June 3, 1909.) Lond., 1909, H. Frowde, 
 26 p. 8°. Also, Brit. M. J., Lond., 1909, ii, 185-189: Canada Lancet, 
 Toronto, 1908-09, xlii, 899-912. Republished, (with slight changes), 
 Oxford Med., 1919, i. 695-708. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No, 282.] 
 
 39 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 554 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Osuer 
 
 Schorstein lecture on syphilis and aneurysm. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1909, 
 ii, 1509-1514. 7 | 
 
 Stokes-Adams disease. (With A. Keith.) Syst. Med., (Allbutt & Rol- 
 leston), Lond., 1909, vi, 130-156. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 291.] 
 
 Aneurysm. In: Syst. Med. (Allbutt & Rolleston), Lond., vi, 620-681. 
 [In his: C. r., 1909-20, vi, 291A.] 
 
 Chronic infectious endocarditis. Quart. J. Med., Oxford, 1908-9, ii, 219- 
 230. Also, Tribune Med., N. Y., 1909, i, v, 29-30. [In his: C. r., 1907- 
 1920, vi, No. 278.] (See Fig. I.) 
 
 Arterio-sclerosis. (Address delivered before the Medical Society of 
 London, Dee. 9, 1907, also before Oxford and Reading Branch, Oxford 
 Division, British Medical Association, Dec. 8, 1909.) Rept. Brit. M. J, 
 Lond., 1909, ii, 1800. 
 
 Lehrbuch der inneren Medizin. Aus dem Englishen iibersetzt und fiir 
 deutsche Verhiltnisse erginzt und bearbeitet, von Priv.-Doz. Dr, Ed- 
 mund Hoke, mit einem Vorwort von Obersanitiatsrat und Hofrat Prof. 
 Dr. R. v. Jaksch. Berlin & Wien., 1909, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 
 879 pp. 89. 
 
 1910 
 
 A case of stricture of the rectum treated by fibrolysin. (Remarks in 
 discussion, Jan. 14, 1910.) Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1909-10, iii, 
 Clinical Section, 89. 
 
 A case of thoracoplasty for very large empyema. (Remarks in discussion, 
 Jan. 14, 1910.) Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1909-10, iii, Clinical See- 
 tion, 92. 
 
 A paper on hospital infection of tuberculosis. (Remarks in discussion, 
 April 26, 1910.) Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1909-10, iii, Medical See- 
 tion, 159. 
 
 Certain vasomotor, sensory and muscular phenomena associated with 
 cervical rib. Am. J. M. Sc, Phila. & N. Y., 1910, exxxix, 469-472. [In 
 his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 290.] 
 
 Female hemophiliacs and de novo cases of hemophilia. (Correspondence, 
 April 25, 1910, signed.) Lancet, Lond., 1910, i, 1226. 
 
 The Lumleian lectures on angina pectoris. (Delivered at the Royal College 
 Phyicians, London, March 10-15, 1910.) Lancet, Lond., 1910, i, 702-844; 
 973-977. Abstr.: Ueber angina pectoris, Allg. Wien. med. Ztg., 1910, 
 lv, 435-436. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 288.] 
 
 The pupil symptoms in thoracic aneurysm. (A clinical lecture, Radcliffe 
 Infirmary.) Practitioner, Lond., 1910, Ixxxiv, 417-422. [In his: C. r., 
 1907-1920, vi, No. 289.] | 
 
 The principles and practice of medicine, transl. by Philip B. Cousland. 
 7. ed. (Chinese text, illustrated, and material introduced from Sir 
 Patrick Manson’s Tropical Diseases). Shanghai, 1910, China Medical 
 Missionary Association, printed by the Fukuin Printing Co. Ltd., 
 Yokohama, Japan, 8°, xxxii, preliminary matter, 1079 pages and 1 page 
 at end of Chinese characters. 
 
 ‘‘The publication committee is under special obligation to Prof. 
 Osler for his hearty concurrence in this endeavour to give his book 
 to the Chinese in their own language.’’ 
 
 ’ ele 4 
 

 
 CHRONIC INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS 
 
 By WILLIAM OSLER? 
 
 
 
 Aw endocarditis with fever as its only Symptom may be prolonged for 
 weeks or months under many different circumstances. Following rheumatic 
 fever ina child an endocardial complication may keep up a temperature of from 
 100° to 101° for several~months, during which time there may be no other 
 symptoms and the general condition may remain fairly good. In chronic 
 valvular disease in the stage of broken compensation slight irregular fever may 
 persist for months, associated with the presence of fresh endocarditis. As 
 a rule, the form of endocarditis to which we give the term infective, septic, or 
 ulcerative runs its course under three months. That occasional instances were 
 characterized by a very protracted course was noted by Wilks, Bristowe, Coupland, 
 and Lancereaux. In my Goulstonian Lectures 1885, I stated that this type 
 had the following characteristics: the fever was irregular and intermittent, 
 resembling ague ; the cold, hot, and sweating stages might succeed each other 
 with great regularity ; in the intervals fever might be absent; two or three 
 paroxysms could occur in the course of a day. In many of the instances the 
 disease was prolonged to three or four months, and I give the notes of a case of 
 Bristowe’s, in which the condition persisted for five months. The recurring 
 chills usually led to the diagnosis of malaria and also gave rise to the opinion 
 widely held, particularly by French writers, that ulcerative endocarditis could 
 be caused by this disease. The cases to which I wish to call attention in this 
 communication are of this chronic character, not. marked specially by chills, 
 but by a protracted fever, often not very high but from four to twelve months’ 
 duration. At the time of the delivery of the Goulstonian Lectures I had not 
 seen a case of this type. In the past twenty years I have seen ten cases of 
 this form, two of which I have already reported (Practitioner, 1893). I have 
 put them together in tabular form to indicate their main features. 
 
 * Read at the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland, Edinburgh, 
 June 12, 1908. 
 
 (Q. J. M., Jan. 1909.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fig, 11.—Facsimile of title of one of Osler’s most important contributions in the 
 field of clinical medicine. (Rubric III). 
 
 555 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 556 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OSLER 
 
 1911 
 
 (Vascular diseases of the skin and their relation to other morbid states.) 
 Remarks in discussion of a paper at British Medical Association, 
 Birmingham, July 21-22, 1911. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1911, ui, 820. 
 
 Transient attacks of aphasia and paralysis in states of high blood pres- 
 sure and arterio-sclerosis. Canad. M. Ass. J., Toronto, 1911, i, 919-926. 
 [In his: O. r., 1907- 1920, vi, No. 296.] 
 
 The diagnosis of fever without physical signs. Remarks in discussion 
 at British Medical Association, Birmingham, July 21-28, 1911.) Rept. 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1911, ii, 799-800. 
 
 Treatment of consumption and other forms of tuberculosis. (Introductory 
 address at the annual conference, Caxton Hall, Westminster, July 19-21, 
 1911). Tr. Nat. Ass. Prev. Consumption, Lond., 1911, ii, 119-123. 
 
 ‘<We hope to-day to give an answer, satisfactory if not in full, to the 
 exceeding bitter ery that goes up from the five hundred thousands of 
 our brothers and sisters with tuberculosis—‘ What must I do to be 
 saved?’ We still lack one great thing in the treatment of tuberculosis 
 —a specific in the treatment of the disease...... But we have not 
 yet got—we may yet get—an agent that will play the torpedo to the 
 bacillus; what Huxley called the torpedo method in therapeutics.... o 
 
 Sulle telangiectasie emorragiche ereditarie. Riforma med., Napoli, 1911. 
 xxvii, 57-58. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 294.] 
 
 1912 
 
 (A case of ligation of the innominate artery for subclavian aneurism. 
 By GC. A. Ballance.) (Remarks in discussion, Dec. 8, 1911:) Proo. 
 Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1911-12, v, Clin. Sect., 103. 
 
 (A case of primary chancre of the lip.) (Remarks in discussion, Jan. 12, 
 1912.) Proc. Roy Soc. Med., Lond., 1911-12, v, Clinical Section, 109. 
 
 (A case of tumour below the right hypochondrium (%) Riedel’s lobe. Re 
 marks in discussion, Jan. 12, 1912.) Rept. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 
 1911-12, v, Clinical Section, 111. 
 
 (The relative value of immediate and delayed laparotomy in pneu- 
 mococeal peritonitis. By Hector Charles Cameron.) (Remarks in dis- 
 cussion, Jan. 12, 1912.) Rept. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1911-12, v, 
 Clinical Section, 135. 
 
 (A ease of recurrent aphasia with high blood pressure. By F. Parkes 
 Weber.) (Remarks in discussion, Jan. 12, 1912.) Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., . 
 Lond., 1911-12, v, Clin. Sect., 113. 
 
 (Anomalous edema. By Frederick Langmead.) (Remarks in discussion, 
 Feb. 9, 1912.) Rept. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1911-12, v, Clinical 
 Section, 142. 
 
 (Osteitis deformans (Paget’s bone disease), with chronic eczema.)  (Re- 
 marks in discussion, Feb. 9, 1912.) Rept. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 
 1911-12, v, Clinical Section, 143. 
 
 (A ease of Hirschsprung’s disease: congenital dilatation of the colon. 
 By Hector Mackenzie and W. H. Battle.) (Remarks in discussion, 
 Feb. 9, 1912.) Rept. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1911-12, v, Clinical 
 Section, 148. 
 
 (A case of thoracic aneurism not connected with aorta. By Frederick 
 Langmead.) (Remarks in discussion, May 31, 1912.) Rept. Proc. 
 Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1911-12, v, Clinical Section, 197. 
 
 ’ sree A 7 
 ia 
 

 
 III. Cxrnicat Mepicins—Oxrorp PrEriop 557 
 
 (Sclerema cutis (adultorum.) By James Galloway, M.D., (Remarks in 
 discussion, May 31 and Nov. 8, 1912.) Rept. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 
 Lond., Clin. Sec., 1911-12, v, 205; 1912-13, vi, 44. 
 
 The principles and practice of medicine. 8. ed., rev. with the assistance 
 of Thomas McCrae. N. Y. & Lond., 1912. D. Appleton & Co., 
 1225 p. 89. 
 
 Angina abdominis. (Letters dated Oxford, May 24, 1912, signed.) 
 Lancet, Lond., 1912, i, 1495. 
 
 ‘(A feature in some of these cases (disguised heart disease) to which 
 I ealled attention in my Lumleian lectures, 1910, is the association 
 of jaundice with abdominal pains leading to the diagnosis of gall- 
 stones. In one of my cases an operation was performed but no stones 
 were found.’’ 
 
 The after-care of children leaving hospital. (Letter quoted.) The Times, 
 Lond., 1912, March 11, 6. 
 
 Chronic infectious endocarditis, with an early history like splenic 
 anemia. (Clinical remarks at Radcliffe Infirmary, Oct. 24, 1911.) 
 Interstate M. J., St. Louis, 1912, xix, 103-107. 
 
 High blood pressure. Its associations, advantages and disadvantages. 
 (Delivered at the Glasgow Southern Medical Society.) Brit. M. J., 
 Lond., 1912, ii, 1173-1177. [In his: ©. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 299.] 
 
 Cerebral angiospasm. (Correspondence, Nov. 17, 1912, signed.) Lancet, 
 Lond., 1912, ii, 1463. 
 
 The M.S. of this dated Oxford, May 17, 1912, is found in Part 2 of Sir 
 William Osler’s copy of the first edition of his Practice of Medicine 
 at.D, G60... 4. M. 
 
 1913 
 
 (Arteriovenous anastomosis for gangrene due to syphilitic endarteritis. 
 By H. Morriston Davies.) (Remarks in discussion, Oct. 11, 1912.) 
 Rept. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1912-13, vi, Clinical Section, 6. 
 
 Case of Hirschsprung’s disease. By R. Hutchison, M.D. (Report of 
 discussions, Nov. 8 and Dec. 13, 1912. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 
 1912-13, vi, Part I, Clin. Sect., 45-46; 62. 
 
 Case illustrating circulatory disturbance with cervical rib. (Presented 
 Royal Society Medicine, October 11, 1912.) Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 
 1912-13, vi, Clinical Section, 9-12. 
 
 (Case of acholuric jaundice (hemolytic anemia, by W. Essex Wynter.) 
 (Remarks in discussions, Nov. 8, 1912, and Jan. 10, 1913.) Rept. Proc. 
 Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1912-13, vi, Clinical Section, 35; 81. 
 
 (A ease of obstruction of the superior vena cava. By A. M. Gossage.) 
 (Remarks in discussion, Dec. 13, 1912.) Rept. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 
 Lond., 1912-13, vi, Clinical Section, 49. 
 
 (Cervical ribs with atrophy of hand muscles. By F. Parkes Weber.) 
 (Remarks in discussion, Dec. 13, 1912.) Rept. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 
 1912-13, vi, Clinical Section, 57. 
 
 (Non-syphilitic arteritis obliterans (thrombo-angeitis of Leo Buerger) 
 with intermittent claudication of the left lower extremity. By F. 
 Parkes Weber.) Remarks in discussion, Jan. 10, 1913.) Rept. Proc. 
 Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1912-13, vi, Clinical Section, 78. 
 
 (Case of polio-encephalo-myelitis associated with optic neuritis, nephritis 
 and myocarditis, By Arthur F. Hurst and W. Johnson.) (Remarks 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a! 
 
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 4 
 
 { 
 
 Ss 
 
 SERRE. 
 
 ae 
 
 aol 
 
 
 
 
 
 -§58 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsiEr 
 
 in discussion, Jan. 10, 1913.) Rept. Proc. Roy. Soe. Med., Lond., 
 1912-13, vi, Clinical Section, 92. Ghali, 
 Typhoid spine. (Letter, July 7, signed.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1913, ii, 100. 
 Cervical Rib. (Letter signed, Oxford, Jan. 28, 1913.) Brit. M. J., 1913, 
 1, 261. Also, Lancet, Lond., 1913, i, 845. . 
 Congenital syphilis of the liver with the picture of Banti’s disease. 
 (Communication to the Royal Society Medicine, October 28, 1913.) Proc. 
 Roy. Soc. Med., Lond,, 1913-14, vii, Section of Medicine, 1-6, Also, 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1913, ii, 1228. Also, Rept. Clin. J., Lond., 1914, 
 ‘ xhii, 462-464. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 300.] 
 An arterio-venous aneurysm of the axillary vessels of thirty years’ 
 duration. Lancet, Lond., 1913, ii, 1248-1249. 
 
 1914 
 
 Splenomegaly: two attacks of hematemesis; irregular liver. (Case pre- 
 sented Feb. 13, 1914, for E. J. F. Hardenberg.) Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 
 Lond., 1913-14, vii, Clinical Section, 108. | 
 
 The visceral lesions of purpura and allied conditions. Brit. M. J., 1914, 
 i, 517-525. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 305.] 
 
 {Address on the diagnosis of early pulmonary tuberculosis.] Delivered 
 Oxford and Reading Branch of the British Medical Association meeting 
 at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, March 14, 1913. Rept. Brit. M. d., 
 Lond., 1914, i, 710. 
 
 1915 
 
 (An instance of long quiescence in leukemia. By Arthur T. Hall). 
 (Remarks in discussion by W. Osler, F. Parkes Weber, and others, 
 April 27, 1915.) Rept. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1914-15, viii, Section 
 
 ' of Medicine, 31. 
 
 The diagnosis of polycystic kidney. (Remarks at Radcliffe Infirmary, 
 Oxford, November 23, 1914.) Internat. Clin., Phila., 1915, 25, s., i, 1-9. 
 [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 308.] 
 
 Note on acute infectious jaundice. (Unsigned.) Lancet, Lond., 1915, 
 ii, 605. 
 
 1916 
 
 Discussion on trench nephritis. (Remarks in discussion, Feb. 15, 1916.) 
 Rept. Proc. Roy Soc. Med., Lond., 1915-16, ix, Therap. & Pharmacol. 
 Sect., xiv-xvu. 
 
 Paratyphoid fever. (Remarks in discussion, Nov. 23, 1915.) Rept. Proc. 
 Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1915-16, ix, Medical Section, 38. 
 
 Discussion on the treatment of cerebro-spinal meningitis. (Opened by 
 Sir William Osler, Oct. 19, 1915.) Proc. Roy Soc. Med., Lond., 1915-16, 
 ix, Therap. & Pharmacol., Sect., 1-5. Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond, 1915, | 
 ii, 604. Also, Lancet, Lond., 1915, ii, 825. 
 
 Treatment of cerebro-spinal meningitis. (With H. D. Rolleston et al.) 
 Practitioner, Lond., 1916, xevi, 1-18. 
 
 This is the address which opened the discussion listed above reviewed 
 and enlarged. 
 | 1917 7 
 
 Recurrence or redeposit of cancer. (Correspondence, signed.) Brit. M. 
 J., Lond., 1917, i, 455. | 
 
 Home-bred malaria. (Correspondence, Oct. 13, 1917, signed.) Lancet, 
 Lond., 1917, ii. 621. 
 

 
 Iii. Cxiinicat Mrepicins— Oxrorp PErRiop 559 
 
 1918 
 
 Graduated exercises in prognosis. (Letters, signed, Oxford, Feb. 4, 
 1918.) Lancet, Lond., 1918, i, 231. 
 
 Tratado de patologia interna para médicos y estudiantes. 2 v., New 
 York & Lond., 1918, D. Appleton & Co., 903; 808 p. 8°, 
 
 Typhoid spine. (Clinical remarks at Canadian General Hospital, Clive- 
 don, Taplow, Jan. 7, 1919.) Bull. Can. Army M. Corps, 1918, i, 78-79. 
 Also, Canada, M. Ass. J., Toronto, 1919, ix, 490-496. [In his: C. ‘., 
 1907-1920, vi, No. 321.] 
 
 Trench fever: a critical analysis of the report of the American Com- 
 mission. Lancet, Lond., 1918, ii, 496-498. 
 
 1919 
 
 Observations on the severe anemias of pregnancy and post-partum state. 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1919, i, 1-3. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 322. 
 Endurance in aortic insufficiency. (Correspondence, Jan. 5, 1919, signed.) 
 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1919, 1, 55. 
 
 Acute pneumonic tuberculosis. (Address at Tuberculosis Society, March 
 24, 1919.) Abstr.: Lancet, Lond., 1919, i, 615-616. 
 
 1920 
 
 Osler, Sir W., & McCrae, T., The principles and practice of medicine. 
 9. thoroughly rev. ed., N. Y. & Lond., 1920, D. Appleton & Co., 1168 p. 89, 
 
 * Abstracts in Medicine. Am. J. M. Sci., 1895-1911. As stated on page 
 523 of this rubric Osler had charge of this department in the American Jowrnal 
 of Medical Sciences from April, 1886, until April, 1890, and again from 1895 
 to 1911. The paging in the latter years, which is not given above, is as 
 follows :— 
 
 William Osler and George Dock: 1895, cix, 459-465; 567-576; 698-704; 
 cx, 94-103; 219-227; 339-347; 467-473; 599-606. 1896, cxi, 93-99; 221-228; 
 *46-356; 471-479; 726-735; cxii, 90-98; 218-229; 339-347; 472-479; 595-600; 
 711-715. 1897, cxiii, 111-115; 213-220; 341-348; 473-481; 593-599; 727-733; 
 cxiv, 101-106; 221-227; 343-349; 466-474; 713-716. 1898, cxv, 89-95; 211- 
 216; 387-344; 463-468; 590-598; 721-728; cxvi, 97-102; 225-229; 344-348; 
 465-471; 601-606; 715-720. 1899, cxvii, 87-91; 211-218; 339-344; 457-464; 
 595-601; 709-715; exviii, 209-215; 343-348; 463-470; 595-601; 721-725. 
 1900, exix, 89-94; 211-217; 339-344; 457-464; 585-590; 715-721; cxx, 85-92; 
 211-218; 337-343; 476-481; 603-607; 703-709. 1901, cxxi, 97-105; 221-227; 
 3387-348; 451-458; 585-592; 707-713. 
 
 William Osler and W. S. Thayer: 1901, cxxii, 93-99; 212-219; 332-338; 
 466-475; 687-694; 875-879. 1902, ecxxiii, 163-168; 341-347; 531-536; 703- 
 711; 902-910; 1089-1092; exxiv, 154-159; 345-349; 532-537; 727-731; 908- 
 918; 1087-1090. 1903, cxxv, 157-160; 343-347; 531-535; 718-722; 911-916; 
 1101-1108; exxvi, 169-171; 337-341; 530-535; 729-731; 917-923; 1085-1089. 
 1904, ecxxvii, 159-161; 343-347; 542-546; 722-726; 907-910; 1087-1090; 
 CXXVili, 166-170; 347-351; 539-541; 729-733; 922-925; 1087-1090. 1905, 
 cxxix, 154-159; 348-352; 530-535; 719-722; 901-905; 1080-1085; ecxxx, 158- 
 162; 344-347; 529-533; 721-723; 917-919; 1097-1099. 1906, cxxxi, 159-162; 
 345-848; 548-551; 713-717; 897-900; 1079-1083; cxxxii, 136-142; 309-313; 
 473-476; 627-630; 777-782; 927-929. 1907, cxxxiii, 151-155; 317-322; 471- 
 476; 627-632; 783-788; 927-934; ecxxxiv, 129-134; 283-288; 439-444; 595- 
 601; 751-755; 903-906. 1908, cxxxv, 127-133; 283-288; 439-444; 597-601; 
 751-756; 897-903; cxxxvi, 129-133; 283-288; 443-447; 594-598; 753-754; 
 895-900. 1909, ecxxxvii, 127-132; 283-288; 439-445; 595-600; 751-756; 
 901-905; cxxxviii, 127-132; 283-288; 439-444; 595-599; 475-756; 899-903. 
 1910, cxxxix, 127-1382; 283-288; 439-444; 597-602; 753-758; 905-913; cxl, 
 126-183; 283-289; 439-445; 595-600; 751-757; 897-903. 1911, exli, 126-132; 
 283-288; 439-444; 599-604; 750-756; 899-901; cxlii, 128-134. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IV.—LITERARY PAPERS, HISTORY, 
 
 BIOGRAPHY, BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 CANADIAN PERIOD 
 
 1877 
 
 (1869-1884) 
 Report on necrology. Tr. Canada Med. Ass., 1877, i, 77-79. 
 
 and others. 
 
 3 
 (Unsigned obituary.) Canada M. ¢ 
 
 S. J., Montreal, 1876-77, v, 478-480. Also, (with slight additions) in 
 Canniff, (Wm.): The Medical Profession in Upper Canada, 1783-1850. 
 
 Contains obituaries of James Hamilton, L.R.C.S. 
 Toronto, Wm. Briggs, 1894, 410-412. 
 
 James Hamilton, L.R.C.S., Edin. 
 
 1878 
 
 Edward Mulberry Hodder, M.D., F.R.C.S., Eng. 
 
 (Unsigned obituary.) 
 
 Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 428-431. 
 
 1880 
 Chas. F. A. Locke, M.D.,C.M. (Unsigned obituary.) Canada M. ¢ 8. J., 
 
 Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 379-381. 
 
 James Bovell, M.D. 
 
 Montreal, 
 
 ’ 
 
 ere 
 
 sees 
 
 Toronto, 
 
 (Unsigned obituary.) Canada M. ¢ 8. J. 
 
 1879-80, viii, 381. 
 
 James Bovell, M.D. 
 
 (Unsigned editorial.) Canad. J. M. Sc., 
 
 1881 
 (Unsigned editorial.) Canada M. ¢ 8S. J 
 
 Gives a detailed biography. 
 
 1880, v, 114-115. 
 
 be 
 
 Rudolph Virchow. 
 
 Montreal, 
 
 1883 
 
 An enthusiastic biographical sketch inspired by the occasion of 
 Watson, Bart., M.D., F.B.S. 
 
 Virchow’s sixtieth birthday. 
 
 1881-82, x, 253-255. 
 
 Canad. 
 
 (Unsigned editorial.) 
 
 Sir Thos. 
 
 (Unsigned book review.) Med. News, 
 
 858. 
 
 A review of the American edition of Dr. Brown’s Locke and Syden- 
 ham with other occasional papers in the Hore Subseciwe (bye-hours), 
 
 Pract., Toronto, 1883, viii, 54-55. 
 Dr. John Brown’s spare hours. 
 Phila., 1883, xliii, 273. 
 published in Edinburgh in 1! 
 
 PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 
 
 1885 
 
 [Authorship of ‘‘Lines on a skeleton’’ or ‘‘To a skeleton’’. 
 
 (1885-1889) 
 
 ent 
 
 ] (Signed 
 
 letter from Philadelphia dated, January 3, 1885, with editorial comm 
 560 
 
 on letter.) Boston M. & S. J., 1885, exii, 69. 
 
 A 
 aa 
 we ; “¢ 
 
 ‘eats 
 tt bd 
 
 
 

 
 IV. Lirerary—Hisrory, BlograpHy—PuiLapELpuis Pertop 561 
 
 States that this poem commencing: ‘‘Behold this ruin! Twas a 
 skull,’’ attributed in a recent issue, in an obituary notice, to Professor 
 Darling, was published in 1807, so that ‘‘the secret of this beautiful 
 poem remains unrevealed.’’ The editor replies that the two poems 
 are ‘‘probably not identical.’’ 
 
 Pasteur on hydrophobia. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, 
 xlvii, 544. 
 
 On Pasteur’s announcement, first at the Copenhagen Congress, and then 
 at the Paris Academy of Medicine, of his eure for rabies. 
 Rush as an alienist. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, 
 xlvii, 601-602. 
 A review of Dr. Hack Tuke’s appreciative sketch of Rush’s pioneer 
 work in psychiatry. 
 
 1886 
 
 The death of Dr. Flint, [Sr.]. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1886, xlviii, 324. 
 
 Austin Flint. Remarks to the class in clinical medicine, University of 
 Pennsylvania. (Obituary address.) Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 
 1885-86, xiv, 571-574. 
 
 [Death of Paul Bert.] (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, 
 xlix, 579. 
 
 Obituary note of Claude Bernard’s most prominent pupil, a noted 
 politician and publicist in France. 
 
 An interesting work. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1886, 
 xlix, 709. 
 
 Donation to the Library of the College of Physicians of ‘‘a splendid 
 edition of Morgagni’s de Sedibus et Causis Morborum, given by the 
 illustrious Morgagni to Dr. John Morgan, the founder of the Medical 
 Department of the University of Pennsylvania, on the occasion of his 
 visit to Padua. Dr. Rush is responsible for the statement that 
 Morgagni claimed kindred with Dr. Morgan on account of the re- 
 semblance of their names, and says that on a blank leaf of a copy of 
 the work he inscribed the words, ‘Affini suo, medico preclarissimo 
 Joanm Morgan donat Auctor’. The faint tracings of writing are 
 still discernible on the thumb-worn fragments of the fly-leaf of the 
 volume, but it has become illegible and we owe our knowledge to the 
 note made of it by Dr. Rush before it became faded and defaced.’’ 
 
 Harvey’s manuscript notes. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 
 1887, 1, 15-16. 
 
 A review of the publication by the Royal College of Physicians of 
 London, of the original manuscript of 1616, which antedates, by twelve 
 years, the publication of Harvey’s celebrated work, ‘‘De Motu 
 Cordis.’’ 
 
 The centennial of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. (Unsigned 
 
 editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 1, 43. 
 
 An historical survey of the foundation of this society, its medical 
 genealogy, its affiliations with Fothergill, its rare bibliographic 
 treasures. 
 
 1887 
 
 [Virchow in German politics.] (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1887, }, 161. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 562 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLerR 
 
 A monument to Rush. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 
 l, 440. 
 In support of an appeal issued by the American Medical Association 
 to the profession of America for $40,000 to erect a monument to 
 Rush, which now stands at Washington, D.C. 
 
 1888 
 
 Notes and comments: [....IJ. Autobiography of the late Samuel D, 
 Gross, by his sons; ....V. Robert Louis Stevenson’s dedication of 
 ‘<Underwoods’’ to ‘‘the medical profession.’’] Canada M. ¢ 8. J, 
 Montreal, 1887-88, xvi, 317-320. 
 
 (For items I., ITI. and IV., see under Rubric III.) 
 
 Notes and comments: [....I1. Autobiography of Charles Darwin....] 
 
 Canada M. & 8S. J., Montreal, 1887-88, xvi, 376. 
 (For other items see Rubric III.) 
 
 Notes and comments: [III....Thoughts on dying; IV. Obituary of Richard 
 Zimmerman of the Toronto School of Medicine. Canada M. ¢ 8. J., 
 Montreal, 1887-88, xvi, 510-511. | 
 
 (For other items see also under Rubrie IIL.) 
 
 Notes and comments: [....I1. Report of Prof. Winckel of Munich 
 on his visit to McGill University; III. The death of Prof. Wagner of 
 Leipzig.] Canada M. ¢ S. J., Montreal, 1887-88, xvi, 574-575. 
 
 Death of Professor Wagner. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1888, lii, 268-269. 
 
 Obituary of a great pathologist and clinician who ‘‘as a teacher 
 of medicine had searcely an equal in Europe.’’ 
 
 {The death of Miss Alice Fisher.] (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1888, lii, 642. 
 
 A sympathetic note on this heroic graduate of the Florence Night- 
 ingale School at St. Thomas’ Hospital ‘‘who nearly four years ago 
 was appointed by the Board of Guardians to take charge of the 
 Training School for Nurses at the Philadelphia Hospital.’’ 
 
 1889 
 
 {Death of Dr. Palmer Howard of Canada.] (Unsigned editorial note. ) 
 Med. News, Phila., 1889, liv, 383. 
 
 Robert Palmer Howard, M.D. (Unsigned obituary.) Med. News, Phila., 
 1889, liv, 419. 
 
 This article is of great interest, because it gives, at first hand, Osler’s 
 own impression of the man who, as Dean of the McGill Medical 
 Faculty and Professor of Medicine during his undergraduate years, 
 and later as his warm personal friend and supporter, exercised 2 
 profound influence over his life and educational development. 
 
 ‘Dr. Samuel W. Gross. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1889, 
 liv, 440. ; 
 
 On his death, on April 16th, 1889. 
 
 ‘Samuel W. Gross, M.D., (Unsigned obituary.) Med. News, Phila., 1889, 
 liv, 474-476. 
 
 > yd 
 : iy aoe 
 2 haa Vere er 
 

 
 IV. Lirgrary—Hisrory, BiocgkarpHy—Battimore Periop 563 
 
 BALTIMORE PERIOD 
 (1890-1904) 
 
 1890 
 
 Weir Mitchell. (Remarks on the occasion of the presentation to the 
 College of Physicians of Philadelphia, of the portrait of Dr. 8S. Weir 
 Mitchell, April 22, 1890.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1889-90, 
 i, 64. 
 1891 
 
 Rudolf Virchow: the man and the student. (Address made at the cele- 
 bration of Virchow’s seventieth birthday, at Johns Hopkins University, 
 Baltimore, Oct. 31, 1891.) Boston M. ¢ S. J., 1891, exxv, 425-427. Also, 
 Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., Balt., 1891, xi, 17-19, [In his: C. r., 1882-92, 
 ii, No. 111.] 
 
 A note on the introduction of aspiration for pleurisy. (Read at the 
 Johns Hopkins Historical Club, Feb. 9, 1891.) Statement in: Johns 
 Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1891, ii, 65. (Not published). 
 
 Richard Lea MacDonnell. (Unsigned obituary.) N. York M. J., 1891 
 liv, 162. 
 
 1893 
 
 Physic and physicians as depicted in Plato. (Read at the Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital Historical Club, Dec. 14, 1892.) Boston M. ¢ 8S. J., 1893, 
 exxvill, 129-133; 153-156. [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 126.] 
 
 Jean Martin Charcot, memorial notice. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 
 1893, iv, 87-88. 
 
 Gives a most effective summary of Charcot’s achievement, comparable 
 
 with those recently published in connection with the centenary of his 
 birth, (Nov. 25, 1925.) F. H. G. 
 
 1894 
 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes. (Remarks made at the Johns Hopkins Medical 
 Society, Oct. 15, 1894.) Johns Hopkins Hosp, Bull., Balt., 1894, v, 85-88. 
 [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 150.] 
 
 1896 
 
 Thomas Dover, M.B. (of Dover’s powder), physician and buccaneer. 
 Baltimore, Friedenwald Co., 1896, 18 p., 12°. Also, Johns Hopkins Hosp. 
 Bull., Balt., 1896, vii, 1-6: Lancet, Lond., 1896, i, 4-7. [In his: C. r., 
 1892-97, iii, No. 165.] 
 
 In the London Lancet this has the sub-title, ‘‘ A contribution to medical 
 history. ’’ 
 
 An Alabama student. (Read before the Johns Hopkins Hospital Histori- 
 cal Club, Jan., 1895.) Baltimore: Friedenwald Co., 1896, 19 p., 120. 
 Also, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1896, vii, 6-11. Also, in An 
 Alabama student and other biographical essays, 1908, Oxford Univ. 
 Press, 334 p. 80. Extract under title John Y. Bassett (1805-1851) in 
 American Medical Biographies by Kelly & Burrage, 1920, pp. 71-72. 
 [In his: C. r., 1892-1897, iii, No. 166.] 
 
 John Keats, the apothecary poet. (Read before the Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital Historical Club, Oct. 29, 1895. Baltimore: Friedenwald Co., 
 1896, 18 pp., 12°. Also, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1896, Vii, 
 11-16. Extract: Keats and the medical profession. (Letter from Balti- 
 more dated Dec. 24, 1895.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1896, i, 115. [Zn Ms: 
 C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 164.] 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
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 564 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Oster 
 
 The original title is of an essay before the Historical Club on the 
 oceasion of the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of the poet. 
 In it, he quotes from Forman’s new edition of Keats’ letters. 
 
 Influence of Louis on American medicine. (Read before the Stillé Soci- 
 ety of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, un- 
 dated.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1897, viii, 161-167. [In his: 
 C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 182.] 
 
 1897 
 
 Occasional notes on American medical classics: introductory lecture to 
 a course of clinical observations in the Pennsylvania Hospital, delivered 
 there on the 3rd of December, 1776, by Dr. Thomas Bond. (Read at 
 a meeting of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Historical Society). Uniw. M. 
 Mag., Phila., 1897-98, x, 136-140. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 187.] 
 
 1899 
 
 In memoriam, William Pepper. Phila. M. J., 1899, iii, 607-611. [Jn his: 
 C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 202.] 
 This address was prepared to be delivered at the opening of the sessio 
 of the Johns Hopkins Medical School, October, 1898; but Dr. Osler 
 was ill at the time. 
 William Pepper. (Remarks at the Mahogany Tree Club, Philadelphia, 
 Nov. 15, 1898.) 
 150 copies privately printed. dA. M. 
 
 1900 
 
 Elisha Bartlett, a Rhode Island philosopher. (An address delivered be- 
 fore the Rhode Island Medical Society, Providence, Dec. 7, 1899.) With 
 an appendix containing Dr. Bartlett’s sketch of Hippocrates. Provi- 
 dence: Snow & Furnham, 1900, 43 pp., 8°. Also, Boston M. ¢ 8. d,, 
 1900, exlii, 49; 77: Tr. Rhode Island M. S., Providence, 1899-1903, vi, 
 15-46. Quoted, Cycl. Am. M. Biography (Kelly), Phila., & Lond., 1912, 
 i, 50-52: Am. M. Biographies, (Kelly & Burrage), Balt., 1920, 71-72. 
 [In his: C. r.. 1897-1902, iv, No. 215. ] 
 
 John Locke as a physician. (Address delivered before the Students’ 
 Societies of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, 
 Jan. 16, 1900.) Lancet, Lond., 1900, ii, 1115-1123. [In his: ©. 1, 
 1897-1902, iv, No. 216.] 
 
 The centenary of the Royal College of Surgeons. (Correspondence 
 initialled.) Maryland M. J., Balt., 1900, xliii, 502-522. | 
 
 Date of the centenary celebration was July 25, 1900, 
 
 1901 
 
 Books and men. (Remarks at the opening of the new building of the 
 Boston Medical Library, Jan. 12, 1901.) Boston M. & 8S. Jy, 1901, 
 exliv, 60-61. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 223.] 
 
 The past century: its progress in great subjects. Medicine. The Sun, 
 N. Y., 1901, Jan. 27. Also, (under title ‘‘The progress of medicine in 
 the nineteenth century’’), Progr. Cent. (Wallace), New York & Lond., 
 1901, 173-214, 80. (Under title ‘‘Medicine in the nineteenth century’’), 
 in Aquanimitas, with other addresses to medical students, nwrses 
 practitioners of medicine, Phila., 1904, 2nd ed., 1906, P. Blakiston’s Son 
 & Co., pp. 221-276. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 224.] 
 

 
 RELIGIO MEDICI 
 
 AN ADDRESS DELIVERED 
 AT GUY’S HOSPITAL 
 
 OcToBER, 1905 
 
 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER, M.D., F.R.S. 
 
 REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, OXFORD 
 
 Reprinted from Tue Lisrary, January, 1906 
 
 LONDON 
 PRINTED AT THE CHISWICK PRESS 
 
 1906 
 
 
 
 Fig. 12.—Facsimile of title page of the address published also under the title 
 “Sir Thomas Browne.” (Illustrating Rubric IV.) 
 565 
 
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 Linacre Lecture, 1908 
 St ‘fohn’s College, Cambridge 
 
 
 
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 Fig. 13.—Facsimile of title page of an address published in book form. 
 
 (Illustrating Rubric IV.) 
 
 566 
 
 
 

 
 IV Lirerary—History, BriogRarpHy—Bautimore Periop 567 
 
 1902 
 
 Some aspects of American medical bibliography. (Address at the meet- 
 ing of the Association of Medical Librarians, Saratoga, June 10, 1902.) 
 Bull. Ass. M. Librar., Balt., 1902, i, 19-32. Also, Am. Med., Phila., 
 1902, iv, 424-427. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 237.] 
 
 A visit to the Hunterian Library at Glasgow. Bull. Ass. M. Librar., 
 Balt., 1902, i, 20-23. 
 
 Alfred Stillé (1813-1900). Univ. Penn. Med. Bull., Phila., 1902, xv, 126- 
 132. Abstr. in Cycl. Am. Med. Biography (Kelly), Phila. & Lond., 
 1912. Also, in American Med. Biographies (Kelly & Burrage), Balti- 
 more, 1920, 1106-1107. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 234.] 
 
 [Speech at complimentary dinner to Dr. Sternberg.] This was a reply to 
 an address by F. H. Garrison, Med. News, Phila., 1902, lxxx, 1197. In: 
 jeorge Miller Sternberg. A biography by his wife. Chicago, 1920, 
 Amer. M. Ass., 240-241. 
 
 William Beaumont. A pioneer American physiologist. An address before 
 the St. Louis Medical Society, Oct. 4, 1902. St. Louis, 1902, 29 p., 80. 
 Also, J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1902, xxxix, 1223-1231. [In his: C. r., 
 1902-1907, v, No. 240.] Reprinted as: A backwoods physiologist. In: 
 An Alabama Studert, N. Y., 1908, 159-188. 
 
 1904 
 
 The ‘‘Phthisiologia’’ of Richard Morton, M.D. Med. Libr. & Hist. J., 
 Brooklyn, 1904, ii, 1-7. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 252.] 
 
 [Remarks at the unveiling of the memorial tablet to Dr. Jesse W. Lazear.] 
 Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1904, xv, 387-388. 
 
 Science and immortality. The Ingersoll Lecture, 1904. Boston, 1904, 
 Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 60 p. 120. Also, Lond., 1904, Constable & Co., 
 96 p. 129. 2nd ed., 1906, Lond., Constable & Co., 96 p. 12°. 3rd ed., 
 Lond., 1918, 96 p. 1209. 
 
 OXFORD PERIOD 
 
 (1905-1919) 
 
 1905 
 
 Counsels and ideals from the writings of William Osler, Extracts, selected 
 edited, and published by ©. N. B. Camac, Houghton, Mifflin Co., 1905, 
 277 pp. 120. 2. ed., London: Oxford Univ. Press. 1921, 355 pp. 8°. 
 
 Sir Thomas Browne. (Address delivered before the Physical Society, 
 Guy’s Hospital, Lond., Oct. 12, 1905.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1905, uy, 
 993-998. Also, (under title Religio Medici), Library, Lond., 1906, vii, 
 1-31: Chiswick Press, Lond., 31 p. 8° (reprinted from Library). Also, in 
 An Alabama student and other biographical essays, Oxford University 
 Press, Henry Frowde, 1908, 248-277. [In his C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 
 261.] (Fig. 12.) 
 
 1906 
 
 John Radcliffe. The first possessor of the ‘‘Gold-headed cane’’. (Pre- 
 sented, The Johns Hopkins Hospital Historical Club, Jan. 29, 1906.) 
 Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1906, xvii, 163-165. 
 
 Pracastorius. Proc. Charaka Club, N. Y., 1906, ii, 5-20. Also, in An 
 Alabama student and other biographical essays, Oxford, 1908, pp. 278- 
 294, [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 263.] 
 
 (Osler at the tomb of Louis, by A. C. Klebs.) J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 
 1906, xlvi, 1716. 
 
 Contains Osler’s remarks on Louis. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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 568 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY oF Wm. OsiER 
 
 John Bruce MacCallum, B.A., M.D. (Unsigned obituary.) Brit. M. J. 
 Lond., 1906, i, 955-956. 
 
 The growth of truth as illustrated in the discovery of the circulation 
 of the blood, (Harveian oration delivered at the Royal College of 
 Physicians, London, October 18, 1906.) London: H. Frowde, 1906, 44 
 pp. 8°. Also, Brit, M. J., Lond., 1906, ii, 1077-1084: Lancet, Lond., 
 1906, ii, 1113-1120: Boston M. § S. J., 1906, elv, 491-502: In An Alabama 
 Student, N. Y., 1908, 295-334. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 262.] 
 
 This is identical with his Harvey and his discovery. 
 
 1907 
 
 The evolution of internal medicine. Jn: Modern medicine, ete. (Intro- 
 duction). (Osler & McCrae), Phila. & N. Y., 1907, i, xv-xxxiv. [In his: 
 C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 280.] 
 
 The historical development and relative value of laboratory and clinical 
 methods in diagnosis: The evolution of the idea of experiment in 
 medicine. Tr. Cong. Am. Phys. §& Surg., N. Haven, 1907, vii, 1-8. [In 
 his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 270] 
 
 Dr. Mary Putnam Jacobi. (An address at meeting held at Academy of 
 Medicine, New York, Jan. 4, 1907. Rept. N. ¥Y. Med. Rec., Jan. 12, 1907, 
 p. 66.) In: In Memoriam of Mary Putnam Jacobi, New York, 1907, 3-8. 
 
 This address was delivered at a meeting called for the purpose of 
 raising $25,000 to establish a travelling fellowship for a woman. 
 
 Sir William Hales Hingston, M.D., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.C.S., Eng. (Un- 
 signed obituary.) Lancet, Lond., 1907, i, 770. 
 
 The reserves of life. (Address delivered at St. Mary’s Hospital, London, 
 Oct. 2, 1907.) St. Mary’s Hosp. Gaz., Lond., 1907, xiii, 95-98. 
 
 1908 
 Thomas Linacre. Cambridge University Press, 1908, 64 pp., 11 pl., 12°. 
 (See Fig. 13.) 
 1909 
 
 (Tuberculosis. A treatise by American authors on the etiology, path- 
 ology, frequency, semeiology, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and treat- 
 ment. Edited by A. C. Klebs.) Historical introduction, by Dr. Osler. 
 New York & London: D. Appleton & Co., 1909, 939 pp., 8°. 
 
 Michael Servetus. (Address delivered before the Johns Hopkins His- 
 torical Club, and also as an extension lecture in the summer session 
 course.) London, Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, 1909, 35 pp. 
 (with plates), 8°. Also, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1910, xxi, 1-11: 
 Deutsche Rev., Stuttg. u. Leipz., 1909, iv, 328-347. [In his: C. r., 1907- 
 20, vi, No. 284.] (Michael Servetus ein Martyrer der Wissenschaft.) 
 [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 285.] 
 
 Gui Patin’s ‘Jugement’ on the ‘Religio Medici.’ Athenaewm, 1909, 
 (March), 347. 
 
 The article concludes with a long quotation in old French from the 
 collection of Latin letters in the Bibliothéque Nationale. It will 
 be remembered that the Religio Medici is No. 7 in Osler’s Bedside 
 Library for Medical Students. 
 Appreciation of Sir Stephen Mackenzie, M.D., F.R.C.P. (Obituary.) 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1909, ii, 733. 
 [Inaugural lecture on the history of medicine. Delivered before the 
 York Medical) Society, Nov. 2, 1909.] Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1909, 
 ii, 1370. Also, Yorkshire Herald, Nov. 3, 1909 p. 8. 
 

 
 IV. Lirzrrary—History, BiogkapHy—Battimore Periop 569 
 
 The library of Robert Burton. (Summary of a paper read before the 
 Bibliographical Society, London, Noy. 15, 1909.) Tr. Bibliographical 
 Soo. for 1909-11, Lond., 1912, xi, 4-7. 
 
 Giving an account of Burton’s books now in the Bodleian and Christ 
 Church Libraries. ‘‘It is hoped that this [paper] may be presented 
 separately later on with lists of Burton’s books at/Bodleian Library 
 and at Christ Church. Meanwhile the usual summary is here printed. ’’ 
 
 1910 
 
 (History of medicine, by Max Neuburger. Translation, by Ernest 
 Playfair. London: H. Frowde; Hodder & Stoughton, 1910, vol. i.) 
 Preface, by Dr. Osler. 
 
 The faith that heals. Brit. M. J., 1910, i, 1470-1472. 
 
 (The work of Dr. Carlos J. Finlay in respect of insect-borne disease. ) 
 (Correspondence, signed.) Lancet, Lond., 1910, i, 1716. 
 
 (A letter to the Lancet, signed by Juan Guiteras, calling attention to 
 the fact that Dr. Osler in an address before the London School of 
 Tropical Medicine had omitted Dr. Finlay’s name in the discussion of 
 new discoveries concerning the transmission of diseases by blood- 
 sucking insects, with reply by Dr. Osler.) 
 Appreciation of Joseph Frank Payne. (Unsigned obituary.) Brit. M. J., 
 Lond., 1910, ii, 1751. 
 
 Edward L. Trudeau: an appreciation. J. Outdoor Infe, N. Y., 1910, vii, 
 162-163. 
 
 In memoriam. Dr. John Hewetson, 1867-1910. (Initialled obituary.) 
 Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1910, xxi, 357. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, 
 vi, 292.] 
 
 Man’s redemption of man. (A lay sermon, McEwan Hall, Edinburgh, 
 Sunday, July 2, 1910.) London: Constable & Co., 1910, 60 pp. 240, 2. ed., 
 1913, 63 pp. 24°, 3. ed., 1918, 64 pp. 240. Also, Am. Mag., N. Y., 
 1910-11, Ixxi, 246-252: New York: P. B. Hoeber, 1913, 63 pp. 240. 
 
 Dr. William H. Welch. Am. Mag., N. Y., 1910, Ixx, 456; 457; 459. Also, 
 Lord Baltimore Press, p. 12. 
 
 An appreciation, written for the occasion of the Welch dinner held 
 at the Hotel Belvedere, Baltimore, April 22, 1910. 
 
 Greek at Oxford. (Letter from Oxford dated Nov. 23, 1910.) Nation, 
 N. Y., 1910, xci, 544-545. Also, The Evening Post, N. Y., 1910, Dee. lu, 
 p. 12 (book section). 
 
 1911 
 
 (The Life of Pasteur, by René Vallory-Radot.) Foreword by Dr. Osler. 
 London: Constable & Co., 1911, 2 vols., pp. ix-xx; 2. ed., 1919, 1 vol., 
 pp. v-xvi. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 298.] 
 
 {Address before the International Association of Antiquarian Book- 
 sellers at the Criterion Restaurant, Piccadilly, Jan. 26, 1911.] The 
 Bookseller, Lond., Feb. 3, 1911, p. 144. 
 
 Maeterlinck on death. (Letter to the editor of the ‘*Spectator’’ signed 
 as from Christ Church.) The Spectator, Lond., Nov. 4, 1911, evii, 740. 
 
 (Republished in full in Cushing’s Life of Osler.) 
 
 Henry Pickering Bowditch. (Obituary in which an appreciation by Osler 
 appears.) Lancet, Lond., 1911, i, 975. 
 
 40 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 570 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WM. OSLER 
 
 Sir Astley Cooper’s case of ligature of the abdominal aorta. (Letter, 
 June 24, 1911, signed.) Guy’s Hosp. Gaz., Lond., 1911, xxy, 277, 
 
 The Abbots of Reading, memorial tablet unveiled by Sir William Osler. 
 Containing Sir William Osler’s remarks. Reading Standard, Sat., July 
 15, 1911. 
 
 MSS. of these remarks is in the Bibliotheca Osleriana. 
 
 Train de luxe—Paris to Naples. (Letter from Naples dated Feb. 4, 
 1911.) The Times, Lond., Feb. 9, 1911, p. 6. 
 
 1912 
 
 (Life and letters of Dr. William Beaumont, including hitherto unpub- 
 lished data concerning the case of Alexis St. Martin, by Jesse 8. 
 Myer.) Introduction by Dr. Osler. St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Co., 1912. 
 
 A Drake monument. (Signed letter, dated March 21, 1912). Lamecet- 
 Clinic, Cincin., 1912, evii, 421. 
 A letter to Paul G. Woolley, Dean of the Medical Department, Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati, ending: ‘‘If anybody will give the amount 
 ($25,000) suggested, I will come out and give a regular Mississippi 
 Valley oration.’’ 
 Robert Fletcher. (Letter, signed.) Bristol M. Chir, J., 1912, xxx, 289-294. 
 
 This note was written by request, as an appreciation, but had to be 
 changed into an obituary, owing to the sudden death of Dr. Fletcher 
 (who was born at Bristol), on Nov. 8, 1912. Osler speaks here of his 
 first meeting with Fletcher, in 1881, when he was looking up the 
 subject of echinococeus disease at the Library of the Surgeon-Gen- 
 eral’s office, and pays a warm tribute to the work done by him at that 
 Library, at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, and elsewhere. 
 
 Robert Fletcher, M.D., Columb., M.R.C.S., Eng., L.S.A., of the Surgeon- 
 General’s Library, Washington, U.S.A. (Obituary). Lancet, Lond., 
 1912, ii, 1471-1472. 
 
 A Down Survey manuscript of William Petty. (Delivered at the Royal 
 Society Medicine, London, Novy. 20, 1912.) Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 
 1912-13, vi, (Hist. Sect.), 2-5. Also, Lancet, Lond., 1912, ii, 1504-1505: 
 Med. Mag., Lond., 1913, xxii, 36-39. 
 
 This was the first contribution at the inaugural meeting of this section 
 and followed upon his introductory address (listed under V.). ‘‘Pepys 
 in the eelebrated Diary has many notices of Petty, who, he says, 
 ‘In discourse methinks one of the most rational men that ever I heard 
 speak with a tongue, having all his opinions most distinct and clear’ 
 —a judgment amply confirmed by all those who have studied the 
 writings of this remarkable man.’’ 
 
 Men and books: I. Nicolaus Steno. Canad. M. Ass. J., Toronto, 1912, ii, 
 67-68; II. Les collections artistiques de la Faculté de Médecine de 
 Paris. Jbid., 68-69; III. Samuel Wilkes. Ibid., 70-71; IV. Jean 
 Astruc and the higher criticism. Ibid., 151-152; V. Two Frenchmen* on 
 laughter. Ibid., 152-155; VI. An incident in the life of Harvey. Ibid., 
 246-247; VII. Letters of Lennec, Ibid., 247-248; VIII. Dr. Payne’s 
 Library. JIbid., 248-249; IX. The funeral of Lord Lister. Ibid., 
 343-344; X. Gui Patin. Ibid., 429-430; XI. George Bodington. Jbid., 
 526-527; XII. Histoire de la Charité. Ibid., 527-528; XIII. The School 
 of Physic, Dublin. Jbid., 833-835; XIV. Kelly’s American Medical 
 Biography. Ibid., 938-939; XV. The works of John Caius. Ibid. 
 1034-1036; XVI. William Beaumont. I[bid., 1136-1138. 
 
 *Joubert (1567) and Bergson. 
 
 
 

 
 IV. Lirrrary—History, BiogkapHy—Battimore Periop 571 
 
 1913 
 
 A way of life. (Address to Yale students, April 20, 1913.) London: 
 Constable & Co., 1913, 62 pp., 24°. Also, New York: P. B. Hoeber, 
 1914, 62 pp. 24°, 
 
 Written on the steamer going to America, and bears evidence of this 
 and of the recent wreck of the Titanic in its similes, ‘‘day-tight com- 
 partments as the most certain way to insure safety on the voyage’’ 
 (of life), ete. 
 
 Early portraits of John Banister, of William Harvey and the barber- 
 surgeons’ visceral lecture, 1581. (Remarks in discussion, Section of 
 the History of Medicine, Royal Society of Medicine, London, Nov. 20, 
 1912.) Rept. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1912-13, vi, Sect. Hist. Med., 
 35. 
 
 Men and books: XVII. The young Lennec. Canad. M. Ass. J., Toronto, 
 1913, iii, 187-140; XVIII Medieval medicine. Jbid., 140-141; 
 XIX. Robert Fletcher. IJbid., 227-228; XX. Jacques Benigne Winslow; 
 Ibid., 319-321; XXII. Aristotle, Greek thinkers by Gomperz, vol. iv. 
 Ibid., 416-417; XXII. Dr. Slop. Jbid., 612-613; XXIII. John Shaw 
 Billings. Ibid., 613-616. 
 
 Medical incunabula. (Letter signed by William Osler, President of the 
 Bibliographical Society, dated Oxford, March 8th, 1913.) Brit. M. J., 
 Lond., 1913, i, 58. 
 
 Requesting lists of medical incunabula in private collections. 
 
 Memorial to Lord Lister. (Remarks at a meeting at the Examination 
 Schools, Oxford, Mar. 8, 1913.) Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1913, i, 574. 
 
 John Shaw Billings. (Signed obituary.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1913, i, 
 641-642. 
 
 ‘An important interview I had with him illustrates the man and his 
 methods. Early in the sprmg of 1889 he came to my rooms, Walnut 
 Street, Philadelphia. Without sitting down, he asked me abruptly, 
 ‘Will you take charge of the Medicine Department of the Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital?’ Without a moment’s hesitation I answered ‘ Yes’. 
 ‘See Welch about its details; we are to open very soon. TI am very 
 busy to-day; good morning;’ and he was off, having been in my room 
 not more than a couple of minutes.’’ 
 
 John Shaw Billings. (Statement among obituary notices.) Lancet, 
 Lond., 1913, i, 860. 
 
 ‘*TIneidentally, he was one of the greatest bibliographers and librarians 
 of his generation. . . . That the Surgeon-General’s Library, Wash- 
 ington, is a unique collection is owing to his remarkable skill and 
 judgment. The index catalogue is one of the most important biblio- 
 graphical works ever undertaken. The conception and the organization 
 were his. After retiring from the army he consolidated and managed 
 the New York Public Library and lived to see it housed in the present 
 superb building. . . . At intervals he found time to plan the 
 Johns Hopkins Hospital, to write a big dictionary, to superintend the 
 vital statistics of the two Censuses, and to do all sorts of odd jobs in 
 connection with public health.’’ 
 
 John Shaw Billings. (Remarks made at a memorial meeting at the 
 New York Public Library, April 25, 1913.) Bull. N. Y. Public Library, 
 1913, xvii, 511-535. Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1913, ii, 685. Abstr.: 
 TAbrary J., New York, 1913, xxxvill, 334-335, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 572 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WM. OSLER 
 
 Appreciation of Nathaniel H. Alcock, M.D., Dub., D.Sc., Lond. Brit. 
 M. J., Lond., 1913, i, 1353. 
 Jean Astruc. (Letter). The Times, Lond., June, 1913. 
 (Not verified. Editors.) 
 1914 
 Suggested scheme for the restoration of the tomb of Avicenna. Statement 
 by Sir Wm. Osler. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1913-14, vii, (Sect. Hist. 
 Med.), 280. 
 Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy. Yale Rev., N. Haven, 1913-14, ii, 
 251-271. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 304. ] 
 ‘¢We can best oppose any tendency to melancholy by an active life 
 of unselfish devotion to others; and with the advice with which 
 Burton ends the book, I will close: 
 Sperate miserl; 
 Carete felices. 
 If unhappy, have hope; 
 If happy, be cautious.’’ 
 
 [Silas Weir Mitchell, M.D., LL.D.] (Obituary.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 
 1914, i, 120-121. 
 
 ‘¢For nearly thirty years I have enjoyed the friendship of Weir 
 Mitchell, so that it is difficult to write in measured terms about his 
 character and work. Of no man I have known are Walter Savage 
 Landor’s words more true: ‘I have warmed both hands before the 
 fire of life.’ . . . He reminds one of Mead, who filled so large 
 a place in the public and professional life of the early part of the 
 eighteenth century. . - - But a much closer parallel is with the 
 great eighteenth century Tuscan, Francesco Redi.’’ 
 
 Incunabula medica. A study of the earliest printed medical books 
 (1467-1480). (Presidential address read before the Bibliographical 
 Society, London, Jan. 19, 1914, with title Printed Medical Books to 
 1480.’’) News Sheet of the Bibliographical Society, Feb., 1914, 2-4. 
 Also, Tr. Bibliographical Soc. 1913-15, Lond., 1916, xiii, 5-8: Brit. 
 M. J., Lond., 1914, i, 205: Lancet, Lond., 1914, i, 255. (The earliest 
 printed medical books). 
 
 Contains remarks which, but for Osler’s death would have been ex- 
 panded; followed by a list of medical books printed before 1480 which 
 have been arranged by Mr. V. Scholderer and were published with 
 the address and, a preface by A. W. Pollard by the Bibliographical 
 Society in 1923. 
 
 Locke’s expulsion from Christ Church. Oxford Mag., Mar. 12, 1914. 
 
 Some MSS. and books in the Bodleian Library illustrating the evolution 
 of British surgery. (Demonstration, by Dr. Osler, Association of 
 Provincial Surgeons, Oxford, Mar. 27, 1914.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1914, 
 i, 825-826. 
 
 The proposed general catalogue of incunabula. Bull. Med. [sbrary A83.. 
 Balt., 1914, iii, 45-48. 
 
 Roswell Park, M.D., LL.D. (Unsigned obituary.) Lancet, Lond., 1914, 
 i, 780. 
 
 Men and books: XXIV. Israel and medicine. Canad. M. Ass. J., Toronto, 
 1914, iv, 729-733; XXV. ‘‘Looking back’’. 1889. Ibid., 1012-1014; 
 XXVI. Nathan Smith. Jbid., 1109-1111. 
 
 Israel and medicine, was given as an address on the twenty-fifth 
 anniversary of the Jewish Historical Society of England and was 
 reprinted in the Menorah J., N. Y., 1915, 3, 145-149. 
 
 
 
lV. Lirerary—HistTory, BloGRAPHY—BALTIMORE PERIOD 573 
 
 Sir James Y. Simpson and anesthesia. (Correspondence dated Oxford, 
 Oct. 26, 1914, signed.) Lancet, Lond., 1914, ii, 1067. 
 
 Long and anesthesia. (Correspondence, dated Oxford, Nov. 16, 1914, 
 signed.) Lancet, Lond., 1914, ii, 1219-1220. 
 
 1915 
 
 (The Gold-Headed Cane, by William Macmichael.) Introduction by Dr. 
 Osler. New York: P. B. Hoeber, 1915, pp. v-ix. (Preface by F. R. 
 Packard.) 
 
 Jean Astruc. (Remarks in discussion, Section of the History of Med- 
 icine, Royal Society of Medicine, London, Feb. 17, 1915.) Proc. Roy. 
 Soa. Med., Lond., 1913-15, vii-viili, (Sect. Hist. Med.), 71. 
 
 William Withering. (Remarks in discussion, Section of History of Med- 
 icine, Royal Society of Medicine, London, March 17, 1915.) Proc. Roy. 
 Soc. Med., Lond., 1914-15, viii, (Sect. Hist. Med.), 94. 
 
 Thomas Wesley Mills. (Unsigned obituary.) Lancet, Lond., 1915, i, 
 466. Also, Brit. M. J., Lond., 1915, i, 403. 
 
 A tribute to Dr. Edward L. Trudeau; a medical pioneer. Am. Med., 
 N. Y. & Burlington, Vt., 1915, xxi, 20-21. 
 
 The Jonathan Hutchinson iconography. A preliminary note. Johns 
 Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1915, xxvi, 82-83. 
 
 Sir Charles Tupper, Bart. (Initialled obituary.) Lancet, Lond., 1915, 
 ii, 1049-50. Also, Brit. M. J., Lond., 1915, 11, 694-695. 
 
 1916 
 
 A new commentary on Harvey. (Editorial.) Lancet, Lond., 1916, i, 
 416-417. 
 
 (The Osler presentation. Address by F. H. Garrison). Including Sir 
 William Osler’s reply. Science, N. Y. & Lancaster, Pa., 1919, n. 8., 
 1, 244-246, 
 
 Creators, transmuters and transmitters. As illustrated by Shakespeare, 
 Bacon, and Burton. (Remarks at the opening of the Bodley Shakes- 
 peare Exhibition, April 24, 1916.) London: Oxford Press, 1916, 8 pp. 
 120, (Privately printed.) [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 315.] 
 
 Treats of Shakespeare, Bacon and Robert Burton as examples of the 
 three types. 
 
 ‘(Only by the labours of transmuters has progress been made possible, 
 and their works will fill the shelves of the concentrated Bibliotheca 
 prima of the future.’’ 
 
 The late Professor John Ferguson. (Tribute by Dr. Osler.) Trans. 
 Bibliog. Soc., Lond., 1915-1917, xiv, 133-135. Also, Rept. Glasgow 
 Herald, 1916, Nov. 25, p. 4. 
 
 ‘‘The merit that appeals to me is a combination of biography with 
 bibliography—beside the book is a sympathetic picture of the man 
 himself.’’ 
 
 Sir Victor Horsley. (Unsigned obituary.) Brit. M. J. Lond., 1916, 
 li, 165. 
 
 1917 
 
 The Anatomie Universelle of Ambroise Paré. (2 illustrations). (Edi- 
 torial.) Ann. Med. Hist., N. Y., 1917, i, 424-420. : 
 
 Autograph of Rabelais. (Initialled note.) Bodleian Quart. Rec., (1914- 
 16), Oxford, 1917, i, 117-118. 
 
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 574 CLAssirigp ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WM. OSLER 
 
 Illustrations of the book-worm. (With coloured plate.) Bodleian Quart. 
 Rec., (1914-16), Oxford, 1917, i, 355-357. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, 
 No. 316.] 
 
 Louisa Parsons. (Extracted from a letter or article inserted in an 
 editorial on L. Parsons and signed ‘‘W. O.’’). Johns Hopkims Nurses 
 Alumnae Mag., Balt., 1917, xvi, 2-3. 
 
 Franklin Paine Mall, M.D. (Obituary, signed ‘‘W. 0.’’). Lancet, Lond., 
 1917, ii, 841. : 
 
 (A patronal festival for Thomas Willis (1621-1675), by H. Viets.) 
 Remarks by Dr. Osler. Ann. Med. Hist., N. Y., 1917, i, 118-124. 
 
 (Studies in the history and method of science, edited by Charles Singer.) 
 Introduction, by Dr. Osler. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1917, 304 pp. 8°. 
 
 The first printed documents relating to modern surgical anesthesia. 
 (Remarks on presenting Morton’s original papers to the Royal Society 
 of Medicine, London, May 15, 1918.) Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 
 1917-18, xi, (Sect. Hist. Med.), 65-69. Also, Ann. Med. Hist., N. Y., 
 1917, i, 329-332. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 320.] 
 
 Outlines the way in which he was arranging the collection in his 
 own library. 
 
 Note on Boerhaave’s position as a scientific observer. Read October 17, 
 1917, at Royal Society of Medicine, London, Sect. Hist. Med. (not 
 published). . 
 
 [Introductory remarks at the complimentary dinner to the President 
 of the Library Association, Mr.—later Sir—J. Y. W. MacAlister, Decem- 
 ber 14, 1917, (Prof. Sir William Osler in the Chair).] Library Ass. kee., 
 Lond., 1918, xx, 49-50. 
 
 1918 
 
 Theodore C. Janeway. (Unsigned obituary.) Lancet, Lond., 1918, i, 80. 
 
 (Rabelais in his writings, by W. F. Smith.) (Unsigned annotation. ) 
 Lancet, Lond., 1918, i, 644-645. 
 
 The evolution of scientific medicine in America. (Speech to University 
 Extension Students, summer school, Cambridge, Aug. 7, 1918.) Abstr.: 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1918, ii, 149. Also, edit., 166-167. Also, under title, 
 Medicine in America, The Hospital, Lond., 1918, lxiv, 433. 
 
 Leonard George Guthrie, M.D., Oxon., F.R.C.P. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1919, 
 i, 29. 
 
 Benjamin Rush (annotation). Lancet, Lond., 1918, ii, 889-890. 
 
 1919 
 
 Currie’s ‘‘Journal’’. Ann. Med. Hist., N. Y., 1919, ii, 81. 
 
 (Aspects of death and correlated aspects of life in art, epigram and 
 poetry, by Frederick Parkes Weber, 3. ed. New York: P. B. Hoeber, 
 1918, 786 p. 8°. Signed book review. Ann. Med. Hist., N. Y., 1919. 
 ii, 84-85. 
 
 History of medicine. In: Encyclopedia Americana, New York and 
 Chicago, 1920, xviii, 571-579. Same as: A concise history of medicine, 
 Medical Standard Book Co., Balt., 1919. 
 
 From its contents this does not appear to have been written entirely 
 by Osler. It is signed William Osler, Regius Professor of Medicine, 
 Oxford University, in this edition and those of 1919 and 1922. In the 
 last edition (1924) the signature reads,—William Osler, M.D., Late 
 Regius Professor of Medicine, Oxford University. A, M. 
 

 
 IV. Lirerary—HuistTory, BiogkRapHy—BALTIMORE Periop 575 
 
 Illustrations of an attempt to collect a Bibliotheca prima in science and 
 in medicine. (Classical Association, Oxford, May 17, 1919.) (Privately 
 printed.) Also, Ann. Med. Hist., N. Y., 1919, ii, 211-212. 
 
 In the original, a privately printed sheet given away to the members 
 of the Classical Association at an exhibition of first editions of 
 physicians and scientists who, in Osler’s opinion, did the most for 
 the advancement of medicine. In cataloguing his library, Osler 
 placed the printed books and MSS. of these men into the first section 
 (Bibliotheca prima). 
 
 The re-stocking of Louvain Library. (Signed correspondence dated 
 Oxford, June 9, 1919. Lancet, Lond., 1919, i, 1042. 
 
 The old humanities and the new science. (Presidential address delivered 
 before Classical Association, Oxford, May 16, 1919.) Proc. Classical Ass., 
 Lond., 1919. Also, London: John Murray, 1919, 32 pp. 89: Brit. M. J., 
 Lond., 1919, ii, 1-7: Boston & New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 
 1920, xxii + 64 pp. 8°. (Introduction by Harvey Cushing). [Jn his: 
 C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 323.] 
 
 This was Osler’s last important public address, revealing his essential 
 thoroughness in classical scholarship. 
 
 Charles Arthur Mercier, M.D., London. (Obituary.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 
 1919, ii, 364-365. Also, J. Mental Science, 1920, Ixvi, 9. 
 
 Walt Whitman’s message. The glory of the day’s work. (Letter from 
 Oxford dated June 2, 1919.) The Times, Lond., June 4, 1919, p. 8. 
 
 [Address on acceptance of two anniversary volumes of essays (contri- 
 butions to medical and biological research), presented at the Royal 
 Society of Medicine on July 11, 1919, being the eve of Sir William 
 Osler’s 70th birthday.] Brit. M. J., Lond., 1919, ii, 80. Also, Science, 
 N. Y. & Lancaster, Pa., 1919, n. s., i, 244-246. 
 
 This was a reply to an address by IF’. H. Garrison. 
 
 1920 
 
 (Sir Victor Horsley. A study of his life and work, by Stephen Paget. 
 London: Constable & Co., 1919, 385 pp. 8°.) Book review. Oxford 
 Mag., 1920, xxxviii, 175. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 324.] 
 
 Written in bed in the autumn of 1919, during Osler’s last illness. 
 His last published writing. 
 
 1921 
 
 Evolution of modern medicine. (A scries of six lectures delivered by 
 Sir William Osler at Yale University on the Silliman Foundation, April 
 21-28, 1913.) New Haven: Yale University Press, 1921, xvi, 244 pp. 
 Extracted, Yale Alumni Weekly, N. Haven, 19138, xxii, 832. <Abstr.: 
 Science, N. Y. & Lancaster, Pa., 1913, n. s., xxxvii, 701-702. 
 
 These lectures were described by Osler, in the preface, as an ‘‘aeroplane 
 flight over the progress of medicine through the ages.’’? The first 
 of the galleys were corrected by the author with his customary 
 meticulous care; but the work was interrupted by the War and his 
 death before completion. Those who saw the book through publica- 
 tion have paid their tribute in the following words: ‘‘The editors 
 have no hesitation in presenting these lectures to the profession and to 
 the reading public as one of the most characteristic productions of the 
 best-balanced, best equipped, most sagacious and most lovable of all 
 modern physicians. ’’ 
 
 
 
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 V. MEDICAL EDUCATION, MEDICAL SOCIETIES 
 AND MEDICAL PROFESSION 
 
 CANADIAN PERIOD 
 (1869-1884) 
 
 1873 
 
 Berlin correspondence. (Initialled correspondence dated Nov. 9, 1873.) 
 Canada M. ¢ 8. J., Montreal, 1873-74, ii, 231-233. . 
 
 An account of living conditions at Berlin, and of Frerichs, Traube, 
 Westphal, and others. 
 
 1874 
 
 Berlin correspondence. (Initialled correspondence dated Nov. 25, 1873.) 
 Canada M. ¢ 8S. J., Montreal, 1873-74, ii, 308-315. 
 
 A word picture of Virchow, his Pathological Institute, his post- 
 mortem technique and Saturday conferences, with a good description 
 of Berlin university life, including duelling and drinking . 
 Vienna correspondence. (Initialled correspondence dated Mar. 1, 1874.) 
 Canada M. & 8. J., Montreal, 1873-74, ii, 451-456. 
 
 Describes the medical life in Vienna and ends with an account of 
 the seventieth birthday demonstrations in honor of Rokitansky. 
 
 1875 
 
 Introductory remarks to, and synopsis of, practical course on institutes 
 
 of medicine. Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1875-76, iv, 202-207. 
 For details see pages 191 and 192 of this Volume. 
 
 Valedictory address to the graduates in medicine and surgery, McGill 
 University. (Delivered at the Annual Convocation, Mar. 31, 1875.) 
 Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1874-75, iii, 433-442. [In his: C. ¥., 
 1870-82, i, No. 4.] 
 
 Lack of professional esprit de corps. (Open letter.) Canada Lancet, 
 Toronto, 1875-76, viii, 221-222. 
 
 1876 
 
 [Circular letter to the graduates of McGill University reporting the 
 organization of the McGill Graduates Society, at meetings held for 
 this purpose July 15th, 1876, and presenting a provisional constitution 
 and names of officers elected.] Signed R. A. Ramsay, B.C.L., President, 
 and Wm. Osler, M.D., Secretary. — . 
 
 1877 
 
 Introductory address at the opening of the forty-fifth session of the 
 Medical Faculty, McGill College. Canada M. ¢ 8. J,, Montreal, 1877- 
 78, vi, 193-210. [In his: C. r., 1870-1882, i, No. 14.] 
 
 Transactions of the International Medical Congress of Philadelphia, 1876. 
 Edited for the Congress by Dr. John Ashhurst, Jr. Philadelphia: Collins, 
 Printer, 1877, 1153 pp., Imp. 8°. (Unsigned book review.) Canada 
 M. § S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 270-278. 
 
 576 
 

 
 V. Mepicaut Proression, EpucaATION—CANADIAN PERIOD 577 . 
 
 Harvard School of Medicine. (Signed correspondence.) Canad. J. M. Se., 
 Toronto, 1877, ii, 274-276. 
 
 1878 
 
 (Hospitals—their history, organization and construction. Boylston Prize- 
 essay of Harvard University for 1876, by W. Gill Wylie. New York: 
 4 D. Appleton & Co., 1877, 240 pp., (8 plates, 10 text fig.), 8°. (Unsigned 
 book review.) Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 313-316. 
 The title page bears the motto: ‘‘An ounce of prevention is worth a 
 pound of cure.’’ 
 
 [Letter on behalf of Publication Committee of Canada Medical Associa 
 tion calling for subscribers to transactions.] (Signed Wm. Osler, 
 M.D., Chairman, 1351 St. Catherine St., Montreal.) Canad. J. M. Sce., 
 Toronto, 1878, 111, 382. 
 
 1879 
 
 Report of meeting of American Association for the Advancement of 
 Science, Saratoga, N. Y., Aug. 27, 1879. Canada M. ¢ 8S. J., Montreal, 
 1879-80, viii, 63-68. 
 
 1880 
 
 [Circular letter from the Graduates Society of McGill University, to its 
 members, announcing the inauguration of a campaign to raise a fund 
 of $30,000 for the endowment of the principalship in honor of the 
 25th anniversary of Sir William Dawson’s tenure of this office.] 
 Dated April 12th, 1880, and published in the Proceedings. 
 
 This letter is signed by L. Ruggles Church, President, and C. H. 
 McLeod, Secretary, but names W. Osler, M.D., as first Vice-President. 
 
 Report of meeting of American Medical Association, New York, June l, 
 1879. Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 502-504. 
 
 Brief description of the physiological laboratory, McGill College. Canada 
 M. § S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 198-201. 
 
 1881 
 
 The model hospital. (Unsigned editorial.) Canad. J. M. Sc., Toronto, 
 1881, vi, 154-157. 
 
 An account of the pretended discovery of the ruins of the city of 
 Otnorot in the desert of Sahara which was famed for its ‘‘model hos- 
 pital’’, being an allegorical statement of changes afterward effected in 
 the Johns Hopkins Hospital. In an introductory paragraph the Editor 
 writes: ‘‘The exigencies of space have required us to abscind the 
 seemingly less essential portion of the manuscript, and we have taken 
 the liberty to suppress one or two expressions which might offend where 
 no offense was meant.’’ 
 Report of inaugural meeting Ontario Medical Association. Canada M. ¢ 
 S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 662-665. 
 The VII. International Medical Congress, London, dated August 10, 1881. 
 (Initialled.) Canada M. & J., Montreal, 1881-82, x, 121-125. 
 Describes the addresses of Sir James Paget and Professor Virchow, | 
 and the museum with exhibits by Sir Jonathan Hutchison, Ord, Parrot, Mn 
 Politzer, Roddick and others. | 
 Notes of the second demonstration in the morbid anatomy course of 
 McGill College. Canad. J. M. Sc., Toronto, 1881, vi, 350-353. 
 
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 578 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLErR 
 
 1882 
 
 Students’ notes. I. Normal histology for laboratory and class use. 
 Montreal, Dawson Bros., 1882, 63 pp., 8°. (See Fig. 14.) 
 
 Title page reads: ‘‘By Wm. Osler, M.D., Member of the Royal 
 College of Physicians, London; Fellow of the Royal Microscopical 
 Society; Professor of the Institutes of Medicine, McGill University; 
 Physician and Pathologist to the General Hospital, Montreal.’’ 
 
 A treatise on human physiology, designed for the use of students and 
 practitioners of medicine, by John C. Dalton, 7. ed. Philadelphia: Henry 
 C. Lea’s Son & Co., 1882, 722 pp., 8°. (Initialled book review.) Am. 
 J. M. Sc., Phila., 1882, n. s., lxxxiv, 222-223. 
 
 Evidences Osler’s intimate knowledge of physiology, acquired by teach- 
 ing. A shorter review of the same work, possibly also from his hand, 
 but unsigned, appears in the Canada M. ¢ S. J., Montreal, 1881, x, 679. 
 
 Doctors’ signs. (Unsigned editorial.) Canad. J. M. Sc., Toronto, 1882, 
 vil, 306. 
 
 [‘‘The University.’’] Toast by the president, at annual dinner of the 
 Graduates Society of McGill University, May 2nd, 1882. Canada M. ¢ 
 S. J., Montreal, 1881-82, x, 631-633. 
 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal. (Specially reported.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1882, xl, 80-83; 249-252; xli, 580-582. 
 
 1883 
 
 [McGill medical students not in a general state of revolt.] (Signed 
 correspondence.) L’Union Méd. du Canada, Montreal, 1883, xii, 100. 
 [Resolution proposed at meeting of Triennial Assembly of the College 
 of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec.] Rept. L’Union 
 
 Méd. dw Canada, Montreal, 1883, xii, 377. 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal. (Specially reported.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1883, xlii, 251; 293; 636. 
 
 1884 
 
 Letter from Berlin. (Initialled correspondence.) Canada M. ¢ S. J., 
 Montreal, 1883-84, xii, 721-728. 
 
 Full length account of Virchow and von Frerichs, a visit to the abat- 
 toir, the Jewish question, and various other matters are discussed. 
 
 Letter from Leipzig (from a special correspondent). Canada M. & S.d,, 
 1884-85, xiii, 18-20. (Initialled correspondence). 
 Reviews re work of Professors Wagner, Ludwig and Leuckart. 
 
 Notes from the German Medical Congress (Frerich’s Festival). (Signed). 
 Canad. Pract., Toronto, 1884, ix, 184-186. 
 
 Doctors at law. (From our special correspondent. Unsigned). Med. 
 News, Phila., 1884, xliv, 203. 
 
 Canada Medical Association, 17th annual meeting, held at Montreal, Aug. 
 25-27, 1884. (Specially reported for The Medical News.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1884, xlv, 2338-336. 
 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal. (Specially reported.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1884, xliv, 25-26; 81-83; xlv, 718-720. 
 

 
 —— 
 —_ 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE McGILL COLLEGE. 
 
 ee ee 
 
 
 
 PEUDENTS’ NOTES. 
 
 Se te 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 NORMAL HISTOLOGY 
 
 FOR 
 
 LABORATORY AND CLA SE. 
 
 BY 
 
 WM. OSLER, M.D., 
 
 MEMBER OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, LONDON; FELLOW OF THE 
 Royal MICROSCOPICAL Soctrty, LONDON; PROFESSOR OF THE INSTI- 
 TUTES OF MEDICINE MCGILL UNIVERSITY; PHYSICIAN AND 
 PATHOLOGIST TO THE GENBRAL HosPiITAL, MONTREAL. 
 
 MONTREAL: 
 DAWSON BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS. 
 1882. 
 
 
 
 Fic. 14.—Title page of Osler’s first Laboratory mania for ee 
 (Illustrating Rubric V.) 
 
 579 
 
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 580 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WM. OsuErR 
 
 PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 
 (1885-1889) 
 
 1885 
 
 Medico-chirurgical transactions, published by the Royal Medical and 
 Chirurgical Society, London, 2. ser., xlix. 8vo., Longmans, Green & 
 Co., 1884. (Initialled book review.) Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1885, n. s. s., 
 xe, 220-222. 
 
 Notes of a visit to European medical centres. (Signed editorial.) Arch. 
 Med., N. Y., 1885, xii, 170-184. 
 
 On the growth of a profession. (Presidential address delivered at the 
 18th annual meeting of the Canadian Medical Association, held at 
 Chatham, Ontario, Sept. 2, and 3, 1885.) Canada M. ¢ 8. J., Montreal, 
 1885-86, xiv, 129-155. Also, under title, ‘‘Du dévelopement de la pro- 
 fession médicale en Canada,’’ L’Union M. dw Canada, Montreal, 1885, 
 xiv, 481-489; 529-539. Also, Med News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 337-345: 
 Canad. Pract., Toronto, 1885, x, 312. Reviewed editorially, Med. Times 
 § Gaz. Lond., 1885, ii, 507-508. Abstr.: Canada Lancet, Toronto, 
 1885-86, xviii, 65-69. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 68.] 
 
 [Remarks at opening of new building for the Medical Faculty of McGill 
 University, Oct. 22, 1885.] Canada M. ¢ S. J., Montreal, 1885-86, xiv, 
 242-243. 
 
 Medicine in China. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, 
 xlvii, 437-438. 
 
 Review of the second annual report of the Soochow Hospital. 
 
 The medical news visiting list, 1886, Phila., 1885. Lea Bros. & Co. 
 (Unsigned book review.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 662-663. 
 
 1886 
 
 (The medicine of the future, by Austin Flint, Sr. New York: D. 
 Appleton & Co., 1886, 37 pp. 120.) Review by Dr. Osler. Am. J. M. Se, 
 Phila., 1886, n. s., xeii, 495-498, 
 
 The Association of American Physicians. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1886, xlviii, 710. 
 
 Comments upon the organization and first annual meeting of this 
 society. 
 1887 
 
 Notes and comments: [I. Worry of examinations, three groups of students ; 
 II. Rejections at final examination; III. Example of an amusingly stupid 
 answer.| Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1886-87, xv, 637-639. 
 
 Notes and comments: [I. Re-establishment of faculty of medicine of 
 University of Toronto; II. Memorials of the craft of surgery in 
 England, by Dr. John Flint South; III. Macte Lister triumphator, a 
 vade mecum of visceral surgery in verse, by Dr. Risorius Santorini; 
 IV. Professional custom in cards] Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1887- 
 88, xvi, 189-191. 
 
 The University of Westminster. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1887, 1, 102. 
 On the proposed amalgamation, under this title, of the Colleges of 
 Physicians and Surgeons of London. 
 [Progress made by the Japanese in modern medical methods as illustrated 
 by the Journal of the College of Medicine of the Imperial University, 
 Tokio.] (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, li, 662. 
 
 PP serroF= 
 

 
 V. Mepica Proression, EpucATION—PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 581 
 
 1888 
 
 Report of the Medical Examining Board of Virginia. (Letter from Phila- 
 delphia dated Sept. 22, 1888.) J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1888, xi, 429. 
 Dr. Ord and the ‘‘Family Doctor’’. (Letter from Philadelphia dated 
 
 Sept. 29, 1888.) J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1888, xi, 502. | 
 
 The fourth year at Harvard. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., HI 
 
 1888, li, 298. | 
 
 Analysis of the report of President Eliot on his proposition. ) 
 The Philadelphia hospital. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 
 
 1888, lii, 298. Mi | 
 
 On the statement on this institution embodied in the recent report. | 
 [The fire in the Medical Hall of the University of Pennsylvania.] 
 
 (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1888, lii, 642. | 
 It destroyed the histological and pathological laboratories, and dam- ) 
 aged the Stillé Laboratory and the Wistar and Horner museums. | 
 
 Notes and comments: [....III. ‘‘Doctor and patient,’’ by Dr. Weir 
 
 Mitchell.] Canada M. § S. J., Montreal, 1887-88, xvi, 447-448. El! 
 
 (See also under Rubric ITT.) Hi | 
 
 1889 
 
 before the Medico-Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, April 24, 1889.) 
 
 Maryland M. J., Balt., 1889, xxi, 61-67. Also, Tr. M. & Chw. Face. 
 
 Maryland, Balt., 1889, 70-82: J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1889, xii, 649- 
 
 645: L’Union Méd. dw Canada, Montreal, 1889, xvili, 336-347, Abstr.: 
 
 Boston M. & S. J., 1889, exx, 490-491. Reviewed, L’Unton Méd. du 
 
 Canada, Montreal, 1889, xviii, 388-389. Also, Med. Rec, N. Y., 1889, | 
 
 xxxv, 689. [In his: C r., 1882-92, ii, No 96.] | 
 | 
 
 License to practice. (Annual address delivered as Professor of Medicine ; | 
 { 
 
 ABquanimitas. (Valedictory remarks to the graduates in medicine of 
 the University of Pennsylvania, May 1, 1889). Phila., 1889, W. F. Fell 
 & Co. 10 p. 8° Also in Asquanimitas, with other addresses, etc., Hoh Ai 
 1904, 2nd ed., 1906, 3rd ed., 1914. [In his: C. r., 1882-1892, ii, No. 97.] ie 
 
 
 
 BALTIMORE PERIOD 
 (1890-1905) 
 
 
 
 Letters to my house physicians. N. York M. J., 1890, hi, 81; 163; 191; 
 274; 333. Also, Montreal M. J., 1890-91, xix, 124; 303-308. 
 
 Provincial medical boards. (Correspondence.) Montreal M. J., 1889-90, 
 xvili, 479-480; 611-612. 
 
 1891 
 
 Doctor and nurse. (Remarks to the first class of graduates from the 
 Training School for Nurses at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.) Baltimore: 
 J. Murphy & Co., 1891, 11 pp. 4°. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 113.] 
 
 Recent advances in medicine. (Address at the fifteenth anniversary of 
 the Johns Hopkins University, Feb. 23, 1891.) Abstr.: Johns Hopkws 
 Univ. Circ., Balt., 1891, x, 57-58. Also, Sctence, N. Y. & Lancaster, Pa., 
 1891, xvii, 170-171. 
 
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 582 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Oster 
 
 1892 
 
 Remarks on specialism. (Annual address of the president, made at the 
 opening of the fourth annual meeting of the Pediatric Society, Boston, 
 May 2, 1892.) Boston M. § S. J., 1892, exxvi, 457-459. Also, Med. 
 News, Phila., 1892, lx, 542-544: Arch. Ped., Phila., 1892, ix, 481-488. 
 [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 118.] 
 
 Teacher and student. (Address delivered on the occasion of the opening 
 of the new building of the College of Medicine and Surgery, of the 
 University of Minnesota, Oct. 4, 1892.) Baltimore: J. Murphy & Co., 
 1892, 22 pp. 8°. [In his: C. r., 1882-92, ii, No. 123.] 
 
 1894 
 
 The leaven of science. (Address delivered at the opening of the Wistar 
 Institute of Anatomy and Biology of the University of Pennsylvania, 
 May 21, 1894.) Untvw. M. Mag., Phila., 1893-94, vi, 573-586. Also, 
 in ‘‘ Hquanmitas’’, 1. ed. London: H. K. Lewis, 1904, 2nd ed. 1906, 
 [In hts: C. r., 1892-97, iti, No. 148.] 
 
 A typographical error appears on p. 583 of the first reference, con- 
 clusion being printed for ‘‘exclusion.’’ 
 
 The army surgeon. (An address delivered at the closing exercises of 
 the Army Medical School, Washington, D. C., Feb. 28, 1894.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1894, Ixiv, 318-322. Also, in Afquanimitas, Philadelphia: P. 
 Blakiston’s Son & Co., 1904, 389 pp., 129; 1906, 475 pp. 8°; 1914, 425 pp. 
 12°, [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 147.] 
 
 1895 
 
 Teaching and thinking: the two functions of a medical school. (Re- 
 marks at the opening of the new building of the Medical Faculty, McGill 
 College, Jan. 8, 1895.) Montreal M. J., 1894-95, xxiii, 561-572. [In his: 
 C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 153.] 
 
 President’s address. Delivered at opening of the Association American 
 Physicians, Washington, D.C., May 30, 1895. Tr. Ass. Am. Physicians, 
 Phila., 1895, x, pp. xi-xv. 
 
 1896 
 
 Association of American Medical Colleges. (Introductory remarks by 
 Dr. Osler, at the Atlanta, Ga., meeting.) Bull. Am. Acad. M., Easton, 
 Pa., 1895-96, 508-510. 
 
 Dr. Osler was then President of the Association. 
 
 [Response of the president on behalf of the Faculty.] (Proceedings of 
 the semi-annual meeting of the Medical & Chirurgical Faculty of Mary- 
 land, Hagerstown, Md., Nov. 10, 1896.) Maryland M. J., Balt., 1896-97, 
 xxxvi, 137-138. 
 
 1897 
 
 Nurse and patient. An address. Baltimore: J. Murphy & Co., 1897, 
 17 p. 8°. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 181.] 
 This address did double duty—first at the commencement exercises 
 of the Philadelphia Hospital Training School, Feb., 1897, and again 
 on June 3rd, at the Sixth Annual Commencement of the Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital Training School. 
 
 ‘‘And now you reign supreme, and have added to every illness a 
 
 domestic complication of which our fathers knew nothing......- y 
 Seriously, you but little reck the pangs which your advent may cause. 
 
 otha (3 : 
 rpc if) Costes 
 me a pelle. 
 
VY. Menpicau PRrRoFession, EpuCATION—BALTIMORE Prriop 583 
 
 The functions of a state faculty. (President’s address delivered before 
 The Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, at the ninety-ninth 
 annual session, Baltimore, Md., April 27, 1897.) Maryland M. J., Balt., 
 1897, xxxvii, 73-77. Also, Tr. M. & Chir. Fac. Maryland, Balt., 1897, 
 21-29. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 179.] 
 
 British medicine in Greater Britain. The address in medicine delivered 
 Sept. 1, 1897, at the British Medical Association, Montreal, Aug. 31 
 to Sept. 4, 1897. Bret. M. J., Lond., 1897, ii, 576-581. Also, J. Am. M. 
 Ass., Chicago, 1897, xxix, 507-512: Boston M. & 8S. J., 1897, exxxvii, 
 221-227: Med. News, N. Y., 1897, Ixxi, 293-298: Montreal M. J., 1897, 
 xxvi, 186-203: Lancet, Lond., 1897, ii, 584-589: Brit. M. Ass., Daily J., 
 Montreal, 1897, Part 3, 42-50: Int. Med. Mag., Phila., 1897, vi, 543-558. 
 Abstr.: Med. Rec., N. Y., 1897, lii, 333-340. Also, under title La 
 médécine anglaise dans la Nouvelle Angleterre. L’Union Méd. du 
 Canada, Montreal, 1897, xxvi, 595-599. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, 
 No. 183.] 
 
 An editorial reads: He was spoken of on all sides as ‘‘ Our Osler,’’ 
 for he belongs to the entire English-speaking race, whether in 
 America, Canada, or other portions of Great Britain. 
 
 *? 
 
 Internal medicine as a vocation. Address delivered before the section 
 on general medicine of the New York Academy of Medicine, October 19, 
 1897. Med. News, N. Y., 1897, Ixxi, 660-663. Also, in A quanimitas 
 with other addresses, 1904, 2 ed. 1906, pp. 137-152. [In his: C. r., 
 1897-1902, iv, No. 185.] 
 
 1899 
 
 Clinical microscopy at Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, United 
 States of America. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1899, i, 69-70. 
 
 Address to the students of the Albany Medical College, Feb. 1, 1899. 
 Albany M. Ann., 1899, xx, 307-309. 
 
 [Remarks at the dinner of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Mary- 
 land, April 27, 1899.] Zr. Med. & Chir. Fac. Maryland, 101st annual 
 session (centennial anniversary), Balt., 1899, 55-58. 
 
 [On the medical tests for admission to the public services. Proceedings 
 sixty-seventh annual meeting, British Medical Association, Portsmouth, 
 Aug. 14, 1899.] Discussion, by Dr. Osler. Rept. Brit. M. J, Lond., 
 1899, ii, 574. 
 
 This would appear to have been a general discussion between Osler, 
 Sir Dyce Duckworth, E. J. Wallace and others. 
 
 After twenty-five years. (An address at the opening of the session of 
 the Medical Faculty, McGill University, Sept. 21, 1899.) Montreal M. W., 
 Nov., 1899, xxviii, 823-833. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 206. | 
 
 Discussed editorially in B. M. & S. J., 1899, exli, 502, (Nov. 16). 
 
 1900 
 
 The importance of post-graduate study. (Address delivered at the open- 
 ing of the museums of the Medical Graduates College and Polyclinic, 
 London, July 4, 1900.) Lancet, Lond., 1900, ii, 73-75. Also, Brit. M. J., 
 Lond., 1900, ii, 73-75. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 214.] 
 
 [Remarks at the dinner in honor of Dr. Abraham Jacobi, New York, 
 May 5, 1900.] Maryland M. J., Balt., 1900, xliii, 320-322. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 584 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WM. OsLER 
 
 1901 
 
 On the influence of a hospital upon the medical profession of a com- 
 munity. (An address delivered at the celebration of the semi-centenary 
 of the Troy Hospital, Troy, N. Y., Nov. 28, 1900.) Albany M. Ann., 
 Albany, 1901, xxii, 1-11. 
 
 The study of internal medicine. Med. Mews, N. Y., 1901, lxxviii, 645-647, 
 
 The natural method of teaching the subject of medicine. J. Am. M. Ass. 
 Chicago, 1901, xxxvi, 1673-1679. Also, Clin. Bull., Richmond, 1901, 
 vi, 107-117. 
 
 (British Congress on tuberculosis.) (Correspondence.) Am, Med., Phila., 
 1901, i, 588. Also, Phila. M. J., 1901, vii, 1226. 
 
 1902 
 
 A note on the teaching of the history of medicine. Brit. M. J., Lond, 
 1902, ii, 93. 
 
 Chauvinism in medicine. (An address before the Canadian Medical 
 Association, Montreal, Sept. 17, 1902.) Montreal M. J., 1902, xxxi, 684- 
 699. Also, Phila. M. J., 1902, x, 432-439: Canad. Pract. & Rev., Toronto, 
 1902, xxvii, 552-568: Dominion M. Month., Toronto, 1902, xix, 192-209: 
 Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1902-03, xxxvi, 93-111: (Transl.) L’Union méd. 
 du Canada, Montreal, 1902, xxxi, 673-695. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, 
 No. 238.] 
 
 1903 
 
 On the educational value of the medical society. (Remarks made on the 
 occasion of the centennial celebration of the New Haven Medical Associa- 
 tion, Jan. 6, 1903.) Boston M. g¢ S. J., 1903, exlviii, 275-279. Also, 
 Yale M. J., N. Haven, 1902-03, ix, 325-336. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, 
 v, No. 243.] ; 
 
 The master-word in medicine. (An address to medical students on the 
 loceasion of the opening of the new buildings of the Medical Faculty of 
 the University of Toronto, Oct. 1, 1903.) Baltimore: J. Murphy Co., 
 1903, 33 p. 8°. Also, Brit. M. J., Lond., 1903, ii, 1196-1200: Canad. 
 J. M. & 8., Toronto, 1903, xiv, 333-347: Montreal M. J., 1903, xxxu, 
 771-785: Canad. Prac. § Rev., Toronto, 1903, xxviii, 616-630: J. 
 Alumni Ass. Coll. Phys. & Surg., Balt., 1903-04, vi, 97-109: Canada Lancet, 
 Toronto, 1903-04, xxxvii, 214-228: Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. Balt., 
 1904, xv, 1-7. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 248.] 
 
 An abridgement of the above appears to have been privately printed, 
 1903, (%), under the title: The master-word is work. 
 
 On the need of a radical reform in our methods of teaching senior 
 students. Med. News, N. Y., 1903, Ixxxii, 49-53. [In his: C. r., 1902- 
 1907, v, 241.] 
 
 1904 
 
 Bed-side library for medical students. In Aquanimitas. Philadelphia, P. 
 Blakiston’s Son & Co., 1904, 389 pp. 120. Also, 2. ed., Idem., 1906, 
 p. 475. 
 
 The hospital as a college. (Address delivered at the Academy of Medi- 
 cine, N. Y., 1903.) In Aquanimitas, Phila., 1904, 329-342. Also, 2nd 
 ed., 1906, 327-342. | 
 
VY. Mepicau Prorsession, Epucation—Oxrorp PERIOD 585 
 
 1905 
 
 Valedictory address at Johns Hopkins University. (Delivered at the 
 annual commencement exercises, Feb. 22, 1905.) J. Am. M. Aszs., 
 Chicago, 1905, xliv, 705-710. Reprinted as: The fixed period, In, 
 Aiquammitas, 1904, 2 ed., 1906, 391-411. 
 
 Unity, peace and concord. (A farewell address to the Medical and 
 Chirurgical Faculty, and to the medical profession of the United States, 
 delivered at the annual meeting of the Medical & Chirurgical Faculty of 
 Maryland, Baltimore, Apr. 26, 1905.) Oxford: H. Hart, 1905, 22 pp. 8°. 
 Also, Maryland M. J., Balt., 1905, xlviii, 412-422: J. Am. M. Ass., 
 Chicago, 1905, xlv, 365-369. Abstr.: St. Louis M. Kev., 1905, iii, 112-116. 
 [In his: C. r., 1902-07, v, No. 255.] 
 
 The student life. A farewell address to Canadian and American medical 
 students. Oxford: H. Hart, 1905, 32 pp. 8°. Also, Canada Lancet, 
 Toronto, 1905-06, xxxix, 121-138: Med. News, N. Y., 1905, Ixxxvii, 625- 
 633: St. Lows M. Rev., 1905, lii, 273-283: Modern Essays (Morley). 
 New York: Harcourt, Horace & Co., 1921, 128-144: Ai quanvmitas, 1906, 
 p. 413-443. [In his: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 256.] 
 
 [L’envoi.] (Remarks at farewell dinner to Dr. Osler given by the pro- 
 fession of the United States and Canada, New York, May 20, 1905, with 
 report of his response.) Med. News, N. Y., 1905, Ixxxvi, 859-860. Also, 
 in Hquanimitas, 1904, 2 ed., Phila., 1906, 469-474. 
 
 OXFORD PERIOD 
 (1905-1919) 
 
 The Royal Dental Hospital of London. (Address to students of Royal 
 Dental Hospital, in the galleries of the Royal Institute of Painters, 
 Piccadilly, Oct. 13, 1905.) Rept. Lancet, Lond., 1905, ii, 1210-1211. 
 
 [Address at the distribution of prizes, University College, Faculty of 
 Medicine, Bristol, Oct. 26, 1905.] Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1905, ii, 1234. 
 
 [Remarks before the Cardiff Medical Society, Nov. 14, 1905.] Rept. 
 
 | Lancet, Lond., 1905, ii, 1580. 
 
 A letter to graduates of the Johns Hopkins Medical School. Johns 
 Hopkins Hospital Bull., Balt., 1905, xvi, 410. 
 
 Thanking them for twelve volumes of their collected papers. 
 
 1906 
 
 [Remarks at the distribution of prizes at St. Thomas’ Hospital, June 27, 
 1906.] Lancet, Lond., 1906, i, 1866. 
 
 [Remarks made in opening the Acland Home, Oxford, Oct. 13, 1906.] 
 Lancet, Lond., 1906, ii, 1089-1090. 
 
 1907 
 
 Note on the use of a medical journal. West. Canada M. J., Winnipeg, 
 1907, i, 1-3. 
 
 The Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh: particularly its relations with 
 the profession of the United States and Canada. Scot. M. & S. J, 
 Edinb., 1907, xx, 239-246. [In his: ©. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 267.] 
 
 Professor Osler on medical women’s work. (Address at the annual 
 prize-giving in connection with the London School of Medicine for 
 Women, July 4, 1907.) Med. Mag., Lond., 1907, xvi, 442-443. Also, 
 Lancet, Lond., 1907, ii, 131. 
 
 4] 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 586 CLassiFInEp ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WM. OSLER 
 
 The late Dr. Schorstein and medical education. (Signed correspondence, 
 Feb. 24, 1907.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1907, i, 536. 
 
 The influence of the medical society on the education of the medical 
 students. (Remarks at the University College Hospital Medical Soci- 
 ety, Oct. 16, 1907.) Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1907, ii, 1151. 
 
 On the library of a medical school. (Johns Hopkins Medical School, 
 Jan. 2, 1907.) Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Balt., 1907, xviii, 109-111. 
 [In his: ©. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 265. ] 
 
 Remarks on the presentation of the Marburg Collection of books 
 (gathered by physicians connected with Warrington Dispensary), to 
 the Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical School. 
 
 1908 
 
 The functions of an out-patient department. (Remarks at the opening 
 of the new out-patient department, Cardiff Infirmary, May 20, 1908.) 
 
 Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1908, i, 1470-1473. Also, St. Lowis M. Rev. — 
 
 1908, lvii, 344-346. 
 
 The disturbances at the Paris Medical School. (Letter from Paris dated 
 Dec. 26, 1908.) The Times, Lond., Dec. 29, 1908, p. 4. 
 
 The scientific education of the medical student. (Remarks in discussion 
 at 76th annual meeting British Medical Association, Sheffield, July 
 24-31, 1908.) Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1908, ii, 377. 
 
 Note on French and German for medical students. Lancet, Lond., 1908, 
 ii, 957. 
 
 [Remarks on the British Medical Association.] At the annual dinner 
 of the old Medical Society of London, Mar. 11, 1908.) Rept. Brit. M. J., 
 Lond., 1908, i, 704. 
 
 Vienna after thirty-four years. J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1908, i, 1523- 
 1525. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 273.] 
 
 Old and new. (Annual oration on the occasion of the opening of the 
 new building of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, May 
 13, 1909.) Bull. Med. & Chir. Fac. Maryland, Balt., 1908-09, i, 248-259. 
 Also, J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1909, liii, 4-8. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, 
 vi, No. 283. ] 
 
 1909 
 
 Rhodes scholarships: possibilities of Oxford life. The Yale Daily News, 
 N. Haven, 1909, xxxiii, No. 4, 1-5. 
 
 (The late Sir George Parkin, Chairman of the Rhodes Scholarship 
 
 gave me a copy and said Dr. Osler had written it. A. M.) 
 
 Impressions of Paris. I. Teachers and students. The reverence of the 
 French for great men. (Paris, Jan. 15, 1909.) Jd. Am. Med. Ass, 
 Chicago, 1909, lii, 701-703; 771-774. 
 
 An editor’s note says, ‘‘This is the first of a series of travel-notes by 
 Prof. Osler, who is on a year’s leave of absence from Oxford.’’ 
 [Remarks on the medical library in post-graduate work. ] (An address 
 delivered at the inaugural meeting of the Medical Library Association, 
 at Belfast, July 28, 1909.) Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1909, u, 925-928. 
 
 [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 286.] 
 
 Teaching of therapeutics in the hospital wards. (Remarks in discussion, 
 Oct. 5, 1909.) Proc, Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1909-10, iii, Therapeutical 
 and Pharmacological Sect., 7-9. 
 
 [Remarks at the opening of laboratories in the London Hospital, Oct. 15, 
 1909.] Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1909, ii, 1241. 
 
 })) Se 
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 VY. Mepicat Proression, Epucation—Oxrorp Periop 587 
 
 Election intelligence Oxford University. (Contains a circular letter 
 dated Oxford, Nov. 29, 1909, signed by W. Osler and F. Gotch.) The 
 Times, Lond., Dec. 7, 1909, p. 10. 
 
 Supporting two candidatures for the forthcoming election of burgesses 
 for Oxford. 
 
 1910 
 
 [Résumé of introductory speech at the annual meeting of the Medical 
 Library Association, held in Library of the Royal College of Surgeons, 
 July 26, 1910.] Lancet, Lond., 1910, ii, 582. 
 
 Specialists and specialism. (Unpublished address delivered before the 
 Ophthalmological Congress, Oxford, July 24, 1910.) 
 
 Remarks on organization in the profession at the opening of the new 
 building of Nottingham Medical Society, June 28, 1910.) Brit. M. J., 
 Lond., 1911, i, 237-239. Abstr.: Lancet, Lond., 1910, ii, 102. 
 
 1911 
 
 The extension or development of university education in medical schools 
 and particularly by way of illustration with the organization of the 
 medical clinic. (Testimony, by Dr. Osler, before the Royal Commission 
 on University Education in London, July 21, 1911.) Appendix to the 
 Third Report of the Commissioners, Minutes of Evidence, Nov., 1910, to 
 July, 1911, Lond., 1911, 342-354. 
 
 A statement was handed in followed by a lengthy examination of the 
 witness. 
 
 The pathological institute of a general hospital. (Address at opening of 
 the new Pathological Institute of the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Oct. 4, 
 1911.) Glasgow M. J., 1911, Ixxvi, 321-333. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, 
 No. 297.] 
 
 Whole time clinical professors. (Letter to President Remsen of Johns 
 Hopkins University dated Sept. 1, 1911.) (Printed but not published). 
 [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, 295.] 
 
 Osler expresses himself with certain reservations as opposed to the 
 scheme. 
 
 The hospital unit in university work. (Annual address delivered before 
 the Northumberland and Durham Medical Society, Nov. 3, 1910. Rept. 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1910, ii, 1549-50. Lancet, Lond., 1911, i, 211-213, 
 Also, Northumberland § Durham M. J., Neweastle-upon-Tyne, 1911, xviii, 
 178-189. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 293.] 
 
 1913 
 
 [Oxford-student life and opportunities offered to Rhodes Scholars; Yale 
 Medical School—improvements suggested—new departments and clinies 
 needed.| Yale Daily News, N. Haven, 1913, xxxvi, 1; 5. 
 
 [Introductory remarks as chairman to the new section of the history of 
 medicine of the Royal Society of Medicine, London, Nov. 20, 1912.] 
 Proc. Roy. Soe. Med., Lond., 1912-13, vi, (Hist. Seet.), 1-2. Also, Med. 
 Mag., Lond., 1913, xxii, 35-36. 
 
 This was followed by [A Down Survey manuscript of William Petty] 
 (listed under Rubrie IV), as the first contribution on the programme. 
 
 The work of Lord Lister. (Remarks made at a meeting at the CEPTALES: 
 
 tion schools, Oxford, March 8, 1913.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1913, i, 574. 
 
 
 
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 588  Cuassiriep ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLEeR 
 
 Specialism in the general hospital. (Address delivered at the opening 
 exercises of Henry Phipps Psychiatrie Clinic, The Johns Hopkins Hos- 
 pital, April 16, 1913.) Am. J. Insan., Balt., 1912-13, lxix, No. 5 
 (Special Number), 845-859. Also, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. Balt., 
 1913, xxiv, 167-171: Johns Hopkins Alumm Mag., Balt., 1913, i, 275- 
 286. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 301.] 
 
 [Commencement address to the nurses of the Johns Hopkins Training 
 School, May 7, 1913.] Johns Hop. Hosp. Nurses Alumnae Mag., 1913, 
 xii, 72-81. 
 
 Relates his experiences with nurses in the old smallpox wards of the 
 Montreal General Hospital; at Blockley and of Miss Alice Fisher; at 
 Johns Hopkins and of Isabel Hampton Robb. 3 
 
 Modern cliniques. (Letter from the Atheneum Club, dated August 13, 
 1913.) The Times, Lond., Aug. 14, 1913, p. 4. 
 
 Medical education in Europe. (An unsigned report to the Camegie 
 Foundation for the Advancement of teaching. New York, 1912. It is 
 Part Il. of a larger report entitled ‘‘London University Reform.’’) 
 Quart. Rev., Lond., 1913, ecxix, 220-230. 
 
 [The organization of the Association.] Remarks on the: improved 
 organization of the Association on an international basis, made at a 
 
 - meeting of the International Association of Medical Museums held Aug. 
 5-7, 1913, in London, in conjunction with the 18th International: Congress 
 of Medicine.) Lancet,’ Lond., 1913, ii, 475. Also, Bull. Intern. Ass. 
 Med. Mus., Ann Arbor Press, 1915, v, 156-157. 
 
 An introductory address on examinations, examiners and examinees. 
 (Delivered at the opening of the winter session at St. George’s Hos- 
 pital Medical School, Oct. 1, 1913.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1913, ii, 946-948. 
 Also, Lancet, Lond., 1913, ii, 1047-1050: Dublin J. M. Se., 1918, exxxvi, 
 313-327: Quart. Fed. State Med. Bds. U. S., Easton, Pa., 1913, i, 101-114. 
 [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 302.] 
 
 ‘<The conclusion of the matter is, the student needs more time for 
 quiet study, fewer classes, fewer lectures, and, above all, the incubus 
 of examinations should be lifted from his soul.’’ 
 
 *Whole-time clinical professors at the Johns Hopkins Medical School. 
 (Letter initialled, dated Nov. 5). Brit. M. J., Lond., 1913, ii, 1255. 
 
 On the endowment established by the General Education Board at the 
 Johns Hopkins Medical School for whole-time clinical chairs. This 
 letter is referred to editorially under the title ‘‘Whole-time Clinical 
 Professorships’’ in the same number of the B. M. J., and is also favour- 
 ably commented upon in a letter on the same subject signed ‘‘L. E. 
 S.,’’ Ibid., p. 1407. Osler’s letter contains an appreciative reference 
 to Professor Welch, with whose name the endowment was associated, 
 ‘‘No man of his generation in the United States has so deeply in- 
 fluenced the profession, not only by his administrative ability and his 
 stimulating work in pathology, but much more by a personal unselfish 
 devotion to its highest interests.’’ | 
 Charles Francis Adams at Oxford. (Letter dated Oxford, Nov. 4, 1913). 
 The Nation, N. Y., Nov. 27, 1913, xevii, 503-505. 
 The American lecturer at Oxford on Medical Education in that country. 
 Presidential address. (British Hospitals Association, Oxford, July, 1913: 
 Med. Mag., Lond., 1913, xxii, 368-372; 383. 
 
 (Address made by Dr. Osler at the formal opening of the Peter Bent 
 Brigham Hospital in April, 1913. Quoted in the report of the Surgeon- 
 * See footnote on pages 104 and 105. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 THE MEDICAL CLINIC: 
 
 A RETROSPECT AND A _ FORECAST. 
 
 Gn Mddress 
 
 DELIVERED BEFORE THE ABERNETHIAN Socrgety, St. BARTHOLOMEW’'s 
 Hospitat, Lonpon, DecemBerR 41H, 1913. 
 
 BY 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER, Barr, M.D. F.RS., 
 
 REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, OXFORD. 
 
 Reprinted from the BriITIsH Mrepicat JournaL, January $rd, 191k. 
 
 
 
 
 LONDON: 
 PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 
 429, STRAND, W.C. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1914. 
 
 Fic. 15,.—Facsimile of title page. (Illustrating Rubric V.) 
 589 
 
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 590 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WM. OsLER 
 
 in-Chief (Dr. Harvey Cushing) in the sixth annual report of the Peter 
 Bent Brigham Hospital for the year 1919. The Uniersity Press, Cam- 
 bridge, Mass., 1920. 
 
 1914 
 
 An address on the medical clinic; a retrospect and a forecast. (De- 
 livered before the Abernethian Society, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, 
 London, Dee. 4, 1913.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1914, i, 10-16. [In his: 
 CG. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 303.] (See Fig. 15.) 
 
 [An address at the opening of the pathological laboratory at the Royal 
 Mineral Water Hospital, Bath, June 4, 1914.] Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 
 1914, i, 1314-1315. Also, Lancet, Lond., 1914, i, 1689-1690. 
 
 Organization of the clinical laboratory. (Remarks at the Oxford and 
 Reading Branch of the British Medical Association at Reading, July 23, 
 1914.) Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1914, ii, 335. 
 
 [Toast proposed to the president (Sir Alexander Ogston, K.C.V.O.) | (An- 
 nual dinner, British Medical Association, Aberdeen, July, 1914.) Rept. 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1914, ii, (suppl. p. 140.) 
 
 1915 
 
 [Address delivered at the luncheon held at the City Hall, Cardiff, Aug. 
 12, 1915, on the occasion of the laying of the foundation-stone of the 
 new physiology department.] Cardiff, 1915, South Wales Printing 
 Works, p. 7. 
 
 The coming of age of internal medicine in America. Internat. Clin, 
 Phila., ser. 25, 1915, iv, 1-5. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 313.] 
 
 1916 
 
 Intensive work in science at the public schools in relation to the medical 
 curriculum. (Presidential address delivered to the Association of 
 Public School Science Masters, Jan. 4, 1916.) School World, Lond., 
 1916, Feb., pp. 41-44. Also, World’s Work, Lond., 1915-16, xxvii, 434- 
 438. Abstr.: Nature, Lond., (Intensive work in school science), 1915- 
 16, xevi, 554-555. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 314. ] 
 
 Address (autobiographical) before the American Club in Oxford, Feb. 
 12, 1916. (Not published but written for the compilation of Miss 
 Blogg’s bibliography by Dr. Wilburt C. Davison and preserved in the 
 Library of the Johns Hopkins Hospital). 
 
 A plea for tradition. (Letter bearing joint signatures of Bryce, Curzon 
 of Kedleston, William Osler, Gilbert Murray, and seventeen other leaders 
 of the humanities). The Times, Lond., May 4, 1916. 
 
 1917 
 
 The library school in the college. (Address at the opening of the summer | 
 school of library science, Aberystwyth, July 31, 1917). Library Ass. 
 Rec. Lond., 1917, xix, 287-308. Also, in summer school of library 
 science, Aberystwyth, July 30 to Aug. 11, 1917. Report of directors and 
 inaugural address by Sir William Osler, Bart., M.D., F.R.S., Aberdeen, 
 printed at the University Press, 1917, 21-44. Also, under title ‘‘ The 
 Science of Librarianship’’, Bull. Med. Lib. Ass., Balt., 1917-18, vu, 
 70-74. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 318.] 
 
 1918 
 
 Introductory remarks made at the complimentary dinner to the president — 
 of the Library Association (Mr.—now Sir—J. Y. W. MacAlister) on 
 

 
 VY. Menpicau Prorsession, Epucation—OxrorpD Pertop 591 
 
 Dec. 14th, 1917. (Prof. Sir William Osler in the chair). Library Ass. 
 Rec., Lond., 1918, xx, 49-50. 
 
 The primary examination for the F.R.C.S., Enmg.: An appeal to the 
 President of the Royal College of Surgeons. (Signed correspondence, 
 dated May 9, 1918.) Lancet, Lond., 1918, i, 715. 
 
 Protesting against the number of rejections. 
 
 The future of the medical profession under a Ministry of National 
 Health. (Remarks at meeting of the Royal Society of Medicine, April 
 15, 1918.) Rept. Lancet, Lond., 1918, i, 804-805. 
 
 The future of the medical profession in Canada. Address delivered to the 
 Canadian Army Medical Corps at Shorncliffe, Sept. 9, 1918 (unpublished). 
 
 1919 
 
 ‘Why is it so? Is it so?’’ (Hditorial, signed). J. Tenn. State M. Ass., 
 1919-20, xii, 222. 
 
 An optimistic view of the future practice of internal medicine in 
 America. 
 
 The Dog’s Bill. (Report of remarks at the special meeting of the 
 British Medical Association, London, April, 1919.) Brit. M. J., Lond, 
 1919, 1, 494. 
 
 ‘‘The present proposals before Parliament were an unnecessary and 
 inhuman obstruction to scientific work.’’ 
 
 Medicine and nursing. Oxford Uniwersity Press, 1919, 12 pp. 8°. Also, in 
 Essays on vocation, edited by Basil Mathews, Lond., 1919, under title, 
 Vocation in medicine and nursing. 
 
 This consists of extracts from the writings of William Osler, arranged 
 by W. R. Brain, Esq., of New College, Oxford. 
 
 The medical services of the Navy, the Army of India, and the Air 
 Foree. Toast proposed at the British Medical Association dinner, 
 Special Meeting, London, April 10,1919. Brit. M. J, Lond., 1919, i, 496. 
 
 Whole-time Clinical Professorships. 
 
 A letter on this subject outlining Sir William Osler’s views upon 
 it and recommending the establishment of these at McGill University 
 was addressed by him to The Dean of the Medical Faculty, McGw 
 College, and marked ‘‘ Circular Letter to Friends in Montreal’’. This 
 letter is of so much interest at the present time that it is published in 
 full below, by request, and with the permission of the McGill authorities. 
 It is dated 1 Norham Gardens, Oxford, August 29th, 1919, and reads 
 as follows: 
 
 (‘The situation is this—McGill simply cannot afford to fall behind 
 other first-class schools in the development of modern, clinics in 
 Medicine and Surgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology. New condi- 
 tions have arisen, to meet which it is essential to have sympathetic 
 co-operation of university and hospitals. 
 
 Medically, Montreal oceupies a unique position—a school with a record 
 of splendid work, and two of the best equipped hospitals on the con- 
 tinent; but a new departure is needed which will involve change of 
 heart as to methods, ete., and a realization of the full responsibility 
 of the hospitals in this matter. It is their job quite as much as that 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 092 
 
 
 
 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. Osizr 
 
 of the university; and the clinics should be under the control of both 
 bodies jointly. 
 As to details: 
 
 (1) The establishment of two Clinical Boards, one of the M.G.H., 
 and the other of the R.V.H., to control all arrangements relating to 
 the hospital side of the university work. The Principal, the President 
 of each hospital, with two collegiate and two hospital representatives 
 to form each Board, which would be separate and independent and 
 would control the appointments of the Heads of the Clinics. 
 
 (2) The Clinics: (a) 80-100 beds in each hospital for each medical 
 and surgical clinic. (b) An out-patient department associated with 
 each. (¢) Ample clinical laboratory facilities. (d) Specific budgets 
 for each clinic. 
 
 (3) Personnel: (a) Professor in charge of each clinic, appointed by 
 the Clinical Board or by an ad hoc Committee named by them for 
 this purpose. A whole-time man, or if thought wiser, largely so. 
 Salary $10,000 paid partly by the university and partly by the hos- 
 pital. (b) Assistants, whole and part time, named by the Professor 
 and appointed by Clinical Boards, with salaries ranging from $3,000 
 to $1,000. 
 
 (4) Teaching: The complete control of the teaching of medicine and 
 surgery would be in the hands of the two professors in each subject. 
 
 Others would receive clinical professorship and help in the ward and 
 other teaching. 
 
 (5) The Obstetrical and Gynecological Clinies could be organized on 
 similar lines in connection with the hospitals and the university 
 maternity. 
 (6) Throw the appointments open to the best men available. 
 
 Three things are necessary to carry out such a scheme:— 
 
 (a) Realization on the part of all concerned that we are at the 
 parting of the ways and that a new deal is a necessity. | 
 
 (b) A self-denying ordinance on the part of men at present in 
 charge, and 
 
 (c¢) Money—for which an appeal should be made to the public. Pos- 
 sibly the Rockefeller Board might help, but this is a citizens’ affair 
 
 which should appeal to all who are anxious to see Montreal keep in 
 first rank as a medical centre. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 Wma. OSLER. ’”’ 
 
 In 1924 the Rockefeller Foundation gave a half million dollars to 
 McGill University toward a plan proposed by the University Department 
 of Medicine for the establishment with the Royal Victoria Hospital of 
 a University Clinic, the Director of this Clinie to be the Professor of 
 Medicine on a whole-time basis. 
 

 
 VI. PUBLIC WELFARE ACTIVITIES ii 
 
 (INCLUDING EUROPEAN War) 
 
 CANADIAN PERIOD 
 (1869-1884) 
 
 1876 
 
 (Report from smallpox department of Montreal General Hospital from | 
 Dec. 14, 1873 to July 21, 1875.) Remarks on vaccination by Dr. Osler. | 
 L’Unon Méd. du Canada, 1876, v, (Suppl. No. 20, Oct. 20, 1876, p. 20). | 
 
 Two hundred and sixty-one cases were admitted between Dec. 14, 1873, 
 and July 21, 1875, during which time Doctors Osler and Simpson had 
 charge of the institution; there were seventy-three deaths, of which 
 58.8 per cent. were unvaccinated and 17.09 per cent. vaccinated sub- 
 jects. Dr. Osler’s signature is also appended to a document supporting 
 vaccination that appears at the end of this supplement. 
 
 
 
 1880 i) I 
 
 [On the work of the Montreal City Board of Health, with especial 1 
 reference to vaccination.] (Read by Dr. Larocque, before Medico- | 
 Chirurgical Society of Montreal, Jan. 9, 1880.) Discussion by Dr. 
 Osler. Rept. Canada M. Rec., Montreal, 1879-80, viii, 140. 
 
 Stresses the then general feeling that Montreal was filled with small- 
 pox, the dread in the minds of many of coming to the city, the 
 utterly inadequate accommodation at that time offered in the Small- | 
 pox Hospital, and the prophylactic method established in Germany ) 
 in 1872. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1881 
 
 of typhoid. (Letter to University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, 
 signed T. Simpson, William Osler and J. C. Cameron.) Canada M. ¢ 
 S. J., Montreal, 1880-81, ix, 440-445. 
 
 ‘‘A commission to inquire into the origin and spread of an outbreak Al } 
 of typhoid fever which occurred during the summer and autumn of Ht | 
 1880 at Bishop’s College and Grammar School in Lennoxville.’’ — 
 This letter dated Jan. 21, 1881, is incorporated in an editorial entitled 
 ‘*Does typhoid arise spontaneously?’’ published in Canada M. § 8. J., 
 Montreal, Feb., 1881. A preliminary report was first circulated. 
 
 Official report of investigation into the origin and spread of an outbreak | | 
 
 1882 
 
 (A proposed vaccine institute, by Dr. Bessey.) Discussion by Dr. Osler. 
 Rept. Canada M. g S. J., Montreal, 1882-83, xi, 306. 
 
 593 
 
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 594 CLASsIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WM. OSLER 
 
 PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 
 (1885-1889) 
 
 1885 
 
 The climate of Canada and its relation to life and health. By William 
 H. Hingston, Montreal, Dawson Bros., 1884, 200 pp., 8°. (Unsigned 
 book review.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, xlvii, 246-247. 
 
 Infectious pneumonia, (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1885, 
 xlvii, 270. 
 
 
 
 On an Italian epidemic at Tregnigo, a town of 2,000 inhabitants, one 
 
 hundred persons being attacked, with thirty deaths. 
 [Imperial Customs Medical Reports.] (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1885, xlvii, 438. 
 An account of the splendid work in parasitology done by the medical 
 officers of this service in China. 
 Report of the English cholera commission. Med. News, Phila., 1885, 
 xlvii, 631-632. (Unsigned editorial.) 
 Reviews the adverse report of the commission on the comma bacillus 
 of Koch with animadversions on the prospective report of the American 
 committee. 
 1887 
 
 A remarkable outbreak of typhoid fever. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. 
 News, Phila., 1887, 1, 129. 
 
 On an epidemic in France traceable to surface water wells. 
 
 Birthmarks as evidence. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, Phila., 1887, 
 1, 213. 
 Disqualifying maternal impressions as a cause for legal conviction. 
 Leprosy in its relation to the state. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1887, li, 715. 
 1888 
 
 (On the geographical distribution of typhoid fever in the United States, 
 by Dr. W. W. Johnston at 3rd session of Association of American 
 Physicians, Washington, D. C., Sept. 18, 1888.) Discussion by Dr. 
 Osler. Rept. Trans. Assn. Am. Phys., 1888, iii, 49. 
 
 {Epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis.] (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1888, lii, 269. 
 
 Stressing the importance of accurate records of isolated cases and 
 minor epidemics, from experience with persistence of sporadic cases 
 in Philadelphia. 
 
 Vaccination against typhoid fever. (Unsigned editorial.) Med. News, 
 Phila., 1888, lii, 351. 
 
 On immunity from dead cultures (Chantemesse and Widal). 
 
 1894 
 
 Registration of tuberculosis. (Remarks made at a special meeting of 
 the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, in a discussion on the registra- 
 tion of pulmonary tuberculosis, January 12, 1894.) Tr. College of Phys. 
 
 - Phila., 1894, 3rd series, xvi, 14-15. <Abstr.: Phila. Polyclin., 1894, 11, 
 650, Also, Int. Med. Mag., Phila., 1894-95, iii, 123-4. 
 
 : rie 
 it foe ial 
 

 
 VI, Pusiic WreLFarE, War—Battimore PERIop 595 
 
 BALTIMORE PERIOD 
 (1890-1905) 
 1895 
 
 Typhoid fever in country districts. (Subject for general discussion at 
 the ninety-seventh annual meeting of the Medical and Chirurgical 
 Faculty of the State of Maryland, Apr. 23, 1895.) Maryland M. J., 
 Balt., 1895-96, xxxili, 55-57. [In his: C. r., 1892-97, iii, No. 155. | 
 
 Osler closed the discussion with a resolution, which was unanimously 
 passed, that ‘‘the authorities of the cities and counties throughout the 
 State be urged to adopt means for the compulsory notification of eases 
 of typhoid fever in their respective boards of health.’’ 
 
 1898 
 
 The relation of typhoid mortality and sewerage. Maryland M. J., Balt., 
 1897-98, xxxviii, 217-218. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 192.] 
 
 1899 
 
 The problem of typhoid fever in the United States. (Address delivered 
 before the Medical Society of the State of New York, Feb. 1, 1899.) 
 Published as a pamphlet. Baltimore: J. Murphy Co., 1899, 13 pp. Also, 
 Albany M. Ann., 1899, xx, 121-130: Med. News, N. Y., 1899, Ixxiv, 225- 
 229. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 199.] 
 
 The paper ends with these words: ‘‘For fifty years the profession 
 has uttered its solemn protests, as I do this day; Mr. President, we 
 have done more—we have shown how the sacrifice may be avoided and 
 the victims saved.’’ 
 
 1900 
 
 | Vivisection.] (Statement of Dr. Osler.) In: Vivisection. Hearing be- 
 fore the Senate Committee of the District of Columbia, Feb. 21, 1900. 
 On the bills (8.34) for the further prevention of cruelty to animals in 
 the District of Columbia, Wash., 1900, Gov. Print. Off., 64-65. 
 
 The home treatment of consumption. (Read at the semi-annual meeting 
 of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, Westminster, Nov. 
 14, 1899.) Maryland M. J., Balt., 1900, xliii, 8-12. Also, Med. Mvrror, 
 St. Louis, 1900, xi, 165-169. [In his: C. r., 1897-1902, iv, No. 210.] 
 
 On the study of tuberculosis. (Introductory remarks at the organization 
 of a Society for the study of tuberculosis, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Oct. 
 30, 1900.) Phila. M. J., 1900, vi, 1029-1030. [In his: C. r., 1897-1912, 
 iv, No. 221.] 
 
 1903 
 
 The home in its relation to the tuberculosis problem. Med. N ews, Cis: ge 
 1903, Ixxxiii, 1105-1110. Also, Sanitarian, N. Y., 1904, lii, 322-336: 
 Rev. internat. de la tuberc., Par., 1905, vii, 403-413: Rep. Henry Phipps 
 Inst, study .... tuberculosis, Phila., 1905, i, 141-154: Am. J. Tubere., 
 Detroit, 1905, i, 9-15: Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1904-05, xxxviii, 600-612. 
 [In hts: C. r., 1902-1907, v, No. 250.] 
 
 1904 
 
 I‘*The Anglo-American relations with Canada.’’] (Address made to the 
 Canadian Club, Toronto, at a luncheon, Dec. 29, 1904.) Rept. The Globe, 
 Toronto, Dec. 30, 1904. Abstr., Canad. Pract., Toronto, 1905, xxx, 36. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a —~ —— eS a 
 EE eo a er Ere | 
 
 (TP Sate eS 
 
 
 
 
 
 596 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLER 
 
 OXFORD PERIOD 
 (1905-1919) 
 
 1905 
 
 Address of the Vice-President. National Association for the Study and 
 Prevention Tubereulosis, Trans., 1905, N. Y., 1906, i, 20-27. 
 
 1907 
 
 Report of remarks on medical and hygienic inspection in schools. Brit. 
 M. J., Lond., 1907, ii, 355. 
 
 (Remarks made as president of Section 1 of the 2nd International 
 Congress of School Hygiene held at the University of London, August 
 5, 1907.) 
 
 1908 
 
 Testimony before the Royal Commission on Vivisection. Appendix to 
 Fourth Rept., Commissioners, Minutes of Evidence, Oct.-Dec., 1907, Lond., 
 1908, 157-167. 
 
 Twenty pages of most interesting reading covering a large range of 
 topics and well worth the most careful study. Such topics as ap- 
 pendicitis, yellow fever, Listerism, cretinism, goitre, Galen’s experi- 
 ments on pigs, malaria, etc., are treated in detail and the whole dis- 
 cussion demonstrates the wonderful scientific knowledge of the witness. 
 
 What the public can do in the fight against tuberculosis. (Delivered 
 at Dublin, Oct. 12, 1907, at the opening of the Tuberculosis Exhibi- 
 tion; also at the Tuberculosis Exhibition and Conference, Oxford, 
 Nov. 8-13, 1909.) In: Ireland’s Crusade against Tuberculosis, edited 
 by the Countess of Aberdeen. Dublin: Maunsell & Co. Ltd., 1908, i, 
 17-28. Also, (in shorter form), Oxford: H. Hart, 1909, 7 pp, 8°: Door 
 of Hope, Toronto, Easter, 1910, iv, No. 4: Woman’s Home Companion, 
 N. Y., 1910, xxxvii, 13; 67. [In his: C. r., 1907-10, vi, No. 276.] 
 
 A warning. (Letter, Oct. 14, 1908, signed.) Lancet, Lond., 1908, ii, 1268. 
 
 1909 
 
 Malaria in Italy: a lesson in practical hygiene. (Letter from Rome 
 dated Mar. 3, 1909.) The Times, Lond., Mareh 15, 1909, p. 5. Abstr., 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1909, i, 735. 
 
 Compulsory notification of tuberculosis. (Unsigned letter to the Women’s 
 National Health Association.) Brit. M. J., Lond., 1909, ii, 725. 
 
 An address on the nation and the tropics. (Delivered at the London 
 School of Tropical Medicine, Oct. 26, 1909.) Report of Proceedings at 
 the Seaman’s Hospital Society, Oxford, 1909. Univ. Press, 41 p. 8° 
 Also, Oxford, 1909, Univ. Press, 26 p. 8°: Lancet, Lond. 1909, 
 ii, 1401-1406. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 287.] . 
 
 1910 
 
 [Address at the National Association for the Prevention of Consumption, 
 Caxton Hall, Westminster, held July 19, 20 and 21, 1911.] Rept., Lancet, 
 Lond., 1911, ii, 313-314. 
 
 The cost of sanitation in the tropics. (Signed correspondence, dated 
 Oct. 3, 1910.) Lancet, Lond., 1910, ii, 1103. 
 
 Fo ie 
 ites 
 

 
 VI. Pusiic WELFARE, WAaR—Oxrorp PrEriop 597 
 
 Tuberculosis in Oxfordshire, (Letter, signed.) Brit. M. J., 1910, ii, 646. 
 
 This letter is headed ‘‘Oxford County Association for the Prevention 
 of Tuberculosis,’’ and was presented at a meeting of the Henley Rural 
 Council. * 
 
 1911 
 
 Sanatoria for consumptives: medical opinions on the treatment. (State- 
 ment, with Sir Clifford Allbutt, Sir Lauder Brunton and Dr. A. 
 Latham.) The Times, 1911, July 14, 4. 
 
 The prevention of tuberculosis. (Remarks at Oxfordshire Association, 
 Whitney, Jan. 8, 1911.) Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1911, i, 327. 
 
 Sanatorium treatment of tuberculosis: The Welsh Memorial scheme. 
 (Signed statement by Clifford Allbutt, Lauder Brunton, Arthur 
 Latham, and William Osler. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1911, ii, 125-127, 
 
 Report of introductory address at the National Association for the Pre- 
 vention of Consumption, Caxton Hall, Westminster, July 20, 1911. 
 Lancet, Lond., 1911, ii, 313-314. 
 
 The war against consumption. Defects in practice. (Address before the 
 National Association for the Prevention of Consumption, July 20, 1911.) 
 Rept. The Times, Lond., July 21, 1911, p. 6. 
 
 1912 
 
 Voice training for the clergy. (Remarks at conference held at Christ 
 Church.) Quoted in edit., Brit. M. J., Lond., 1912, ii, 1412-1413. 
 The tuberculosis campaign. (Letter to the Editor of The Times.) 
 The Times, Lond., Aug. 16, 1912, p. 6. 
 Hopes for organization co-ordinating various boards and providing 
 means for instruction in diagnosis as at Phipps Institute in America 
 and Radcliffe Infirmary at Oxford. 
 
 1914 
 
 [Venereal diseases.] (Evidence given at the thirty-eighth meeting of 
 the Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases.) Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 
 1914, i, 1248. 
 
 Compulsory anti-typhoid vaccination. A necessary measure. (Letter 
 from Oxford dated Aug. 27, 1914.) The Times, Lond., Aug. 29, 1914, 
 p. 6. 
 
 Bacilli and bullets: an address to the officers and men in the camps at 
 Churn. Ozford Pamphlets, Oxford Univ. press, 1914, 8 p. 12°. Also, 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1914, ii, 569-570: Med. Mag., Lond., 1914, xxiii, 580- 
 583. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 306.] (Fig. 16.) 
 
 From the beginning of the European War, Osler strove against those 
 who opposed anti-typhoid inoculation. 
 
 Anti-typhoid vaccination. (Signed correspondence dated Oct. 3, 1914.) 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1914, ii, 647. 
 
 Emerson on England. (Letter from Oxford dated Oct. 21, 1914.) The 
 Times, Lond., Oct. 22, 1914, p. 7. . 
 The war and typhoid fever. (Delivered before the Society of Tropical 
 Medicine and Hygiene, Nov. 20, 1914.) Tr. Soc. Trop. M. & Hyg., Lond., 
 1914-15, viii, 45-61. Also, Brit. M. J., Lond., 1914, ii, 909-913. [In his: 
 
 C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 307.] 
 
 
 
(Illustrating Rubric VI.) 
 
 SIR WILLIAM OSLER 
 REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE 
 One Penny net 
 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 HUMPHREY MILFORD 
 LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW 
 NEW YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE BOMBAY 
 598 
 
 BACILLI AND 
 
 Fig. 16.—Facsimile of title page. 
 
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 VI. Pusiic WELFARE, WAR—OxFoRD PERIOD 599 
 
 Medical notes on England at war. (Signed correspondence. J. Am. M. 
 Ass., Chicago, 1914, lxili, 2303-2305; 1915, lxiv, 679; 2001. Also, West 
 Canada M. J., Winnipeg, 1915, ix, 59-65; Dominion M. Month., 1915, 
 xliv, 41; 125. 
 
 1915 
 
 The prevention of venereal disease. Simple sanitary measures, (Letter 
 signed by William Osler and others.) The Times, Lond., Dec. 28, 1914, 
 p. 7. 
 
 This letter draws attention to the ‘‘opportune and grave warning’’ 
 published in these columns Nov. 25, and says, ‘‘In view of this daily 
 increasing menace to the health of the nation, is it not time that 
 timid and hesitating counsels, leading to weak and ineffective action, 
 should give place to clear advice and strong purpose?’’ 
 
 Inoculation against typhoid. An appeal to soldiers. (Undated letter.) 
 The Times, Lond., Jan. 15, p. 9. 
 
 The epidemiology of cerebro-spinal meningitis. (Remarks in discussion, 
 Feb. 26, 1915.) Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Lond., 1914-15, viii, Epidemiol. & 
 State Med., 41-47. 
 
 Remarks on cerebro-spinal fever in camps and barracks. Brit. M. d., 
 Lond., 1915, i, 189-190. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 309.] 
 
 Mild small-pox. (Signed letter, dated Oxford, Feb. 13th.) Lancet,, Lond., 
 1915, i, 401. 
 
 In which he does not agree with the conclusions of Dr. Cleland and 
 Dr. Ferguson in the preceding issue that ‘‘in Australia or elsewhere 
 small-pox is unlikely to recover again its general intense virulence. ’’ 
 
 Arterio-venous aneurysm. (Remarks at a symposium on the subject at 
 Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, March 26, 1915.) Rept. Lancet, Lond., 
 1915, i, 949-955. [In his: C. r., 1907-1920, vi, No. 310.] 
 
 In this article Osler made a plea that the (pathological) war specimens 
 be sent from the hospitals at the front to the Museum of the Royal 
 College of Surgeons. 
 
 The position of the army consultants. (Signed correspondence dated 
 June 19, 1915.) Lancet, Lond., 1915, i, 1368. 
 
 The mobilization of faith. (Letter from Oxford dated June 19, 1915.) 
 The Times, Lond., June 22, 1915, p. 9. 
 
 The prevention of tuberculosis. (Report of conference held in Oxford, 
 July 17, 1915, under the auspices of the Oxfordshire Association.) 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1915, ii, 244. 
 
 War, wounds, and disease. Quart. Rev., Lond., 1915, eexxiv, 150-161. 
 ‘(On the whole, the country may be congratulated on the comparatively 
 small part disease has so far played in the Great War. There has 
 been no epidemic on a large scale; and with effective measures it may 
 be hoped that we shall escape the terrible experiences of South Africa 
 and the Crimea.’’ 
 
 Nerve and ‘‘Nerves’’. (Address at the Leeds Luncheon Club, Oct. 1, 
 
 1915.) Privately printed, 7 p. 8°. [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 311.] 
 
 Harvard University Unit. 2nd Contingent. Visit to Oxford, December 
 3rd, 1915. (Printed card). 
 
 Giving itinerary of laboratories, hospitals, etc., to be visited. 
 
 Cold-bite +- muscle-inertia — trench-foot. (Signed correspondence dated 
 Dec. 12, 1915.) Lancet, Lond., 1915, ii, 1368. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 600 CLASSIFIED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Wm. OsLER 
 
 Science and war. (An address delivered at the University of Leeds 
 Medical School, Oct. 1, 1915.) Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1915, 40 p., 89, 
 Also, Oxford Univ. Press, Am. Branch, 1916, 39 pp., 89: Lancet, Lond., 
 ii, 795-901. Abstr: Nature, Lond., 1915-16, xevi, 431-433. [In his: 
 C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 312.] 
 
 Contains a description of what Osler saw during his short trip to 
 France.* 
 
 1916 
 
 Voices from hell. (Letter from the Atheneum Club dated Feb. 11, 
 1916.) The Times, Lond., Feb. 12, 1916, p. 7. 
 
 The supply of medical officers for Army and Navy. (With Sir Clifford 
 Allbutt; signed correspondence.) Lancet, Lond., 1916, i, 972-973. 
 
 The tuberculous soldier. (An address at the 17th annual general meet- 
 ing, National Association for Prevention of Tuberculosis, held at 20 
 Hanover Square, London, July 26, 1916.) Lancet, Lond., 1916, ii, 220- 
 221. Also, Brit. M. J., Lond., 1916, ii, 148. 
 
 Local tetanus. (Signed correspondence dated Nov. 12, 1916.) Lancet, 
 Lond., 1916, ii, 877. 
 
 ‘*The silent unit.’’ (Christmas messages to Lloyd’s readers.) Lloyd’s 
 Weekly News, Lond., Dec. 24, 1916, p. 3. | 
 
 1917 
 
 The anti-venereal campaign. (Annual oration of the Medical Society of 
 London, May 14, 1917.) Tr. M. Soc., Lond., 1917, xi, 290-315. Also, 
 Lancet, Lond., 1917, i, 787-792 (The campaign against syphilis.) Rept. 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1917, i, 694-696 (Campaign against venereal disease). 
 [In his: C. r., 1907-20, vi, No. 317.] 
 
 The war emergency fund of the Royal Benevolent Fund. (Letter signed 
 by Sir William Osler, Sir T. Clifford Allbutt and others, June 16, 1917.) 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1917, i, 858. 
 
 The problem of the crippled and the maimed. (Remarks at meeting at 
 Oxford, June, 1917.) Recalled to Life, Lond., 1917, i, 265-266. Also, 
 Am. J. Care Cripples, N. Y., 1917, v, 243. 
 
 *Sur Wiliam Osler in France. 
 
 The following notes were extracted, in response to our request, by 
 Brigadier-General H. S. Birkett from his War Diary (No. 3 Canadian 
 General Hospital, McGill), with reference to this visit of Lieut-Col. Sir 
 William Osler, Bart., M.D. F.R.S: 
 
 Camiers, Sept. 8th, 1915, 4.30 p.m. ‘‘Lieut-Col. Sir William Osler, 
 Bart., M.D., F.R.S., Regius Professor of Medicine, Oxford University, 
 arrived as our guest.’’ 
 
 Camiers, Sept. 15th, 1915, 5.15 p.m. ‘‘Lieut-Col. Sir William Osler 
 left this afternoon en route for England having spent the intervening 
 time here going over most carefully the various Departments of the 
 Hospital and seeing a large number of medical cases upon which his 
 valuable advice was very much appreciated. He expressed himself in 
 the highest terms of commendation upon the work which is being 
 earried on by the various Departments. His visit here was one of 
 encouragement and inspiration. ’’ 
 
 » a ‘a 
 sy bee: 
 Ply) Ss 
 

 
 VI. Pusiic WELFARE, War—Oxrorp Prriop 601 
 
 War wastage; a note of warning to examiners of recruits. J. Am. M. 
 Ass., Chicago, 1917, lxix, 290. 
 
 [Death of Revere Osler.] (Quotation from letter to the Journal of the 
 American Medical Association about his son, Edward Revere, in edi- 
 torial.) J. Am. M. Ass., 1917, Ixix, 1531. 
 
 ‘(My son Edward Revere was wounded in the chest and abdomen by 
 a shell August 29th, was taken to the casualty clearing station, at 
 which my good friends George Brewer of New York, and George 
 Crile were stationed. Darrack of New York operated and Crile trans- 
 fused. His life-long friend Harvey Cushing was also with him. 
 Everything possible was done, but he died about twenty hours later. 
 Many of my friends would be glad to know of this.’’ 
 
 1918 
 
 The curse of Meroz, (Letter from the Atheneum Club dated April 24, 
 1918.) The Tvmes, Lond., April 25, 1918, p. 4. 
 
 Gas warfare. A weapon to be abolished. (Letter signed by Norman 
 Moore, George H. Makins, William Osler, Clifford Allbutt, and others.) 
 The Times, Lond., Nov. 29, 1918, p. 6. 
 
 The prevention of venereal disease. Simple sanitary measures. (Letter 
 signed by William Osler and others.) The Times, Lond., Dec. 28, 1918, 
 p. 7. 
 
 1919 
 
 Venereal disease. (Remarks as chairman of the Section of Medicine 
 at the special meeting of the British Medical Association, London, 
 April 11, 1919.) Rept. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1919, i, 489. 
 
 [Toast proposed to the medical services of the Navy, the Army, of 
 India and the air force, at the dinner of the British Medical Association, 
 
 April 10, 1919, following the special London meeting.] Rept. Brit. M. J., 
 Lond., 1919, i, 496. 
 
 42 
 
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 VII. VOLUMES EDITED 
 
 CANADIAN PERIOD 
 (1869-1884) 
 
 1877 
 
 Montreal General Hospital pathological report for the year ending May 
 1, 1877. By Wm. Osler, M.D., of McGill University. ‘‘ Pathology is 
 the basis of all true instruction in practical medicine. Wilks.’’ vol. I, 
 Montreal, Dawson Brothers, publishers, 1878. Frontispiece, 32 illus, 8°. 
 Prel. matter 9. pp. 97. (Dedication to Jas. Bovell, M.D.) Published 
 also in Canada M. & S. J., Montreal, 1877-78, vi, 12-17; 52-55; 110-116; 
 152-163; 249-261. Four of the cases also in Dobell’s Diseases of the 
 Chest, (1876-77), 1878, iii, 54-55. Reviews in Lancet, Lond., 1878, i, 
 905. Also, in Canad. J. M. Sc., Toronto, 1878, iii, 176: in Am. J. M. Se, 
 Phila., 1878, Ixxvi, 238-240. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, No. 22.] (Fig. 17.) 
 
 The first book which Dr. Osler saw through the press. 
 
 Transactions of the Canada Medical Association—tenth annual meeting 
 —Montreal, Sept. 12, and 13, 1877. Montreal: Lovell Printing and 
 Publishing Co., 1877, i, 244. (Edited by Wm. Osler, Secretary of 
 Publication Committee.) Review in Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1878, n. 8, 
 Ixxv, 506-507. 
 
 = = or. 
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 1880 
 
 Montreal General Hospital Reports: Clinical and Pathological—by the 
 medical staff. Edited by William Osler, M.D., M.R.C.P., Lond., vol. i, 
 369 pp., 8vo. Montreal, Dawson Brothers, publishers, 1880. (Dedication 
 to G. W. Campbell, M.D., LL.D.) Reviews in Canada M. § 8. J., Montreal, 
 1879-80, viii, 354-356: L’Abeille Médicale, Montreal, 1880, ii, 137: 
 L’Union Méd. du Canada, Montreal, 1880, ix, 158-160: Am. J. M. Se. 
 Phila., 1880, Ixxx, 245-250. [In his: C. r., 1870-82, i, No. 29. ] 
 
 The first volume of Reports ever issued by a Canadian hospital, to which 
 the Editor (Dr. Osler) contributed two articles (pp. 253-342, (listed 
 below), and the Pathological Report No. II from the Montreal Gen- 
 eral Hospital, which was ‘‘a selection from 225 autopsies performed 
 between October, 1877 and October, 1879.’’ | 
 
 1882 
 
 Collected reprints (C.r.). First series, (1872-1882), Montreal, 1982, 8°. 
 
 This volume was issued under the caption Published memoirs and 
 communications (to January 1st, 1882.) There are 42 contributions 
 listed in the index, though by a typographical error it is made to 
 appear that there are 43. The numbers run from i to xiii, the 
 
 number xxxviii having been omitted. All these papers were written 
 during the Montreal period. | 
 
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 1883 
 
 Proceedings Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, 1882-83. Published 
 by the Society. (Edited by W. Osler). 8vo., 131 pp., Montreal 
 Gazette Printing Co., 1884. 
 
 602 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
 
 PATHOLOGICAL REPORT 
 
 For THE YEAR ENDING May lst, 1877, 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER, M. D. 
 
 Or McGri_ Untversrry. 
 
 “ Pathology is the basis of a!] true instruction in practical medicine.”’—WILks. 
 
 VOLUME I 
 
 MONTREAL: 
 
 DAWSON BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, 
 1878. 
 
 
 
 Fig. 17.—Title page of the first book seen by Osler through the Press. 
 (Illustrating Rubric VII.) 
 603 
 
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 604 CuassirieD ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WM. OsLER 
 
 
 
 
 
 1885 
 
 Proceedings Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, 1883-84-85. Pub- 
 lished by the Society. 8vo., 193 pp., Montreal, Gazette Printing Co., 
 1886. (Edited by W. Osler.) 
 
 
 
 PHILADELPHIA PERIOD 
 (1885-1889) 
 
 1887 
 
 Extracts from transactions of the Pathological Society of Philadelphia, 
 1885-87, xii, xiii, Phila., pp. 69, 8°. 
 Twenty-five contributions which appear elsewhere in this list, under 
 separate headings, the references there being to the transactions of 
 the Philadelphia Pathological Society. 
 
 1889 
 
 Aequanimitas with other addresses to medical students, nurses and prac- 
 titioners of medicine, Phila., 1904, P. Blakiston’s Son & Co., 398 p. 12°: 
 (tha same), Lond., 1904, H. K. Lewis, 389 p. 129. Also, (with three 
 additional addresses), Phila., 1906, P. Blakiston’s Son & Co., 435 p. 80; 
 (the same), Lond., 1906, H. K. Lewis, 485 p. Also, (with other addresses 
 to medical students, nurses and practitioners of medicine) 3rd ed., Phila., 
 1914, P. Blakiston’s Son & Co., 475 p. 12°. | 
 
 << - 
 
 —— 
 
 
 
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 4 
 Sty 
 
 BALTIMORE PERIOD 
 (1890-1904) 
 
 1892 
 
 Collected reprints (C.r.). Second series. (Jan. 1, 1882 to Jan. 1, 1892.) 
 Baltimore, 1892, 8°. 
 There are 74 contributions listed in the index, the numbers running 
 from xliv to exvii. These include his writings during the late Mon- 
 treal, the entire Philadelphia, and the early Baltimore period. 
 
 1897 
 
 Collected reprints (C.r.). Third series. (Jan. 1, 1892 to Jan. 1, 1897.) 
 Baltimore, 1897. 
 There are 56 contributions listed in the index, the numbers running 
 from exviii to clxxiii, All these were written during the Baltimore 
 period. 
 1901 
 
 Studies in typhoid fever. Nos. I., I. and III. (Extracted from vols. 
 iv, v and viii of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports.) Edited by 
 William Osler. Balt., 1901, Johns Hopkins Press, 4°. 
 
 1902 
 
 Collected reprints (C.r.). Fourth series. (Jan. 1, 1897 to Jan. 1, 1902.) 
 Baltimore, 1902. 
 There are 56 contributions listed in the index, the numbers running 
 from elxxiv to ecxxix. All these were written during the Baltimore 
 period. z 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 Vil. VotumMrs Epirrep—Oxrorp Prriop 605 
 
 OXFORD PERIOD 
 (1905-1919) 
 1907 
 
 Collected reprints (C.r.). Fifth series. (Jan. 1, 1902 to Jan. 1, 1907.) 
 Oxford, 1907. 
 
 There are 34 contributions listed in the index, the numbers running 
 from eexxx to eclxiii. These include publications both in the Baltimore 
 and Oxford periods. 
 
 Modern medicine, its theory and practice. In original contributions by 
 American and foreign authors. (Osler, W., and McCrae, T., editors.) 
 vols. 1-3, Phila. & N. Y., 1907, Lea Brothers & Co., 89; vols. 4-5, 1908, 
 Lea & Febiger, 89; vol. 6, 1909; vol. 7, 1910; vol. i, 2nd ed., Phila. & 
 N, Y., 1913, Lea & Febiger, 89; vols. 2-3, 1914; vols. 4-5, 1915; vols. 1-ii, 
 3rd ed., Phila. & N. Y., 1925, Lea & Febiger, 8°, (re-edited by T. McCrae. ) 
 Also: there have been two English eds. under the title of 4A System of 
 Medicine, edited by W. Osler and T. McCrae, London, Henry Frowde and 
 Hodder and Stoughton. (Fig. 18.) 
 
 The quarterly journal of medicine. Edited by William Osler and others. 
 Oxford, at the Clarendon Press, 1907-1919, vols. i-xui, roy. 8°. 
 
 1908 
 
 An Alabama student and other biographical essays. Oxford University 
 Press, 1908, 334 p. 8°. 
 
 1913 
 
 Modern medicine, its theory and practice. In original contributions by 
 American and foreign authors. (Osler, W., and McCrae, T., editors. ) 
 2. ed., vol. i, Phila. & N. Y., 1914, Lea Febiger, 8°; vols. 2-3, 1914; vols. 
 4-5, 1915. 
 
 1920 
 
 Collected reprints (C.r.). Sixth series. (Jan. 1, 1907 to Jan. 1, 1920.) 
 Oxford, 1920. 
 
 There are 62 contributions listed in the index, the numbers running 
 from eclxivy to ecexxv. His last published works at Oxford. 
 
 1925 
 
 Modern medicine, its theory and practice. In original contributions by 
 American and foreign authors. (Osler, W., and McCrae, ye editors. ) 
 Vols. 1-2, 3rd ed., Phila. & N. Y., 1925, Lea & Febiger, 8°, (re-edited by 
 
 T. McCrae.) 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MODERN MEDICINE 
 
 ITS THEORY AND PRACTICE 
 
 IN ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS BY AMERICAN AND 
 FOREIGN AUTHORS 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 WILLIAM OSLER, M.D. 
 
 REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MEDICINS IN OXFORD UNIVERSITY, ENGLAND; FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE IN 
 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY BALTIMORE; IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA, 
 AND IN MCGILL UNIVERSITY MONTREAL 
 
 ASSISTED BY 
 
 THOMAS MCCRAE, M.D. 
 
 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE AND CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS IN THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, 
 BALTIMORE 
 
 VOLUME I! 
 
 EVOLUTION OF INTERNAL MEDICINE—PREDISPOSITION AND 
 IMMUNITY—DISEASES CAUSED BY PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND 
 ORGANIC AGENTS—BY VEGETABLE PARASITES—BY 
 PROTOZOA—BY ANIMAL PARASITES—NUTRITION— 
 CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES 
 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 
 
 PHILADELPHIA AND NEW YORK 
 LEA BROTHERS & CO. 
 1907 
 
 Fig. 18.—Title page of vol. i of the first edition of Modern Medicine. 
 (Illustrating Rubric VII.) 
 60€ 
 

 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WRITINGS 
 ABOUT OSLER 
 
 Cushing, Harvey. THe Lire or Str WiLiiAM Oster. 2 vols, 8°. 
 Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1925. Reviews in Miinch. med. 
 Woch., 1925, lxxi, 1799, (Dr. F. Miller) ; Saturday Review, 
 N. Y., Nov. 21, 1925, p. 309-310, (Dr. Wm. H. Welch) ; 
 Evening Sun, Baltimore, June 13, 1925, p. 9, (Dr. L. F. 
 Barker) ; Science, N. Y., June 12, 1925, 611-613, (Lt.-Col. 
 F. H. Garrison) ; Military Surgeon, Washington, 1925, lvii, 
 410-418, (Gen. F. A. Winter); McGill News, Montreal, 
 Sept., 1925, p. 14, (Sir H. Rolleston) ; Lancet, Lond., 1925, 
 
 i, 1031-1032; American Mercury, August, 1925, (H. L. 
 
 Mencken); Annals of Medical History, N. Y., 1925, vu, 
 
 307-312, (Dr. Francis R. Packard) ; ete. 
 
 Sm WiiuiAM OsLteR MremoriAL VOLUME OF THE INTERNATIONAL 
 Association or Mepicau Museums. Published and edited 
 at Montreal, Canada, by Maude E. Abbott. Forewords by 
 Prof. William H. Welch, and the late Sir T. Clifford 
 Allbutt. Murray Printing Co., Limited, Toronto, 1926, 
 pp. 635, 8°. 
 
 CLASSIFIED BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ANNOTATIONS OF THE PUBLICA- 
 TIONS OF SIR WituiAM Oster, Barv., F.R.S., Etc., (1869- 
 1921). Based on the chronological bibliography by MINNIE 
 Wricut Bioce. Compiled, augmented and annotated by 
 Maude E. Abbott, Minnie Wright Blogg, E. B. Krumbhaar, 
 and Archibald Malloch. Edited by Fielding H. Garrison 
 and Henry W. Cattell. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., 
 Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, pp. 471-606. 
 
 CATALOGUE RAISONNE£ OF THE BIBLIOTHECA OSLERIANA, WHICH 
 WAS BEQUEATHED BY Sir WILLIAM OsteR TO McGiLh 
 Unrversity. (In nine sections: I. Prima; Fi. Secunda ; 
 Ill. Literaria; IV. Biographica; V. Historica; VI. Bib- 
 liographica; VII. Incunabula; VIII. Manuseripts; IX. 
 Index). (Now in the press). 
 
 
 
 Abbott, A. C. A few reminiscences of Sir William Osler’s Baltimore 
 period. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, 1926, ix, 304. 
 
 607 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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 = ee ; 
 
 ee 
 
 
 
 
 
 608 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Writincs ABouT OSLER 
 
 Abbott, Rev. Almon. Memorial address. (At the Osler Memorial Ser- 
 vice, St. Paul’s Church, Baltimore, Md., January 1, 1920). (Privately 
 printed). 
 
 Abbott, Maude E. The pathological collections of the late Sir William 
 Osler. Canad. M. Ass. J., 1920, n.s., x, 105. 
 
 The death of Sir William Osler. Canad. M. Ass. J., 1920, n.s., x, 182. 
 (Editorial, unsigned). 
 
 The pathological collections of the late Sir William Osler and his 
 relations with the Medical Museum of McGill University. Canad. M. 
 Ass. J., Special Memorial Number, 1920, July, 91-102. 
 
 Also, (with additions) Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Spectal Osler 
 Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 185. 
 
 Classified bibliography of Sir William Osler’s Canadian period (1868- 
 85). Canad. M. Ass. J., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1920, July, 
 103-123. 
 
 The evolution of modern medicine. By Sir William Osler, Bart. 
 Canad. M. Ass. J., 1922, xii, 49-50. (Book-Review). 
 
 The Sir William Osler memorial. Editorial preface. Internat. Assoc. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, xix. 
 
 Sir William Osler. Trans. Alumne Ass. Woman’s Med, Coll. of Pa., 
 Phila., June 6, 1924. 
 
 Abbott, Maude E., and Rhea, L. J. Sir William Osler, Bart., M.D., F.R.S. 
 Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., 1922, viii, 1-11. 
 
 Abbott, Maude E., and Wright, H. P. Revival of Osler’s ‘‘Men and 
 Books’’ section in Jan., 1912, started with account of memorial 
 meeting to Sir William Osler of the Montreal Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society. Canad. M. Ass. J., 1921, n. s., xi, 64-66. 
 
 Adami, J. George. Sir William Osler: The last days. Canad. M. Ass. 
 J., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1920, July, 70-77. 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Num- 
 ber, 1926, ix, 421. 
 Sir William Osler’s part in the medical history of the war and the 
 organization of the British Medical War Museum. Internat, Assoc. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 80. 
 
 Allbutt, Sir T. Clifford. Proem. Contributions to Med. § Biol, Research, 
 N. Y., 1919, Paul B. Hoeber, Vol. i, pp. vii-viii. 
 Sir William Osler, Bart., F.R.S. Natwre, 1920, civ, 472-473. 
 [Remarks at the presentation to Sir William Osler, F.R.S., Bart., on 
 the oceasion of the Seventieth Anniversary of his Birthday, July ai, 
 1919.] Brit. M. J., 1919, ii, 80. Also, Lancet, Lond., 1919, u, 115. 
 Also, Ann. Med. Hist., 1919, ii, 188-190. 
 
 [A tribute to the Memory of Sir William Osler.] Brit. M. J., 1920, 
 i, 64. 
 Proem. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memortal 
 Number, 1926, ix, xiii-xvii. 
 
 Allemann, Albert. Sir William Osler. Berl. klin. Wehnschr., 1920, Ivii, 603. 
 
 “Osler war einer der gelehrsten Aerzte unserer Zeit...... Ein edler, grosser 
 Mann, eine Lichtgestalt in wnserer dunkler schweren Zeit tst mit William Osler 
 aus der Welt geschicden. Er war ein Frewnd der deutschen Wissenschaft, 
 Auch Deutschland hat Grund seinen Tod zu bedauern.” 
 

 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WritTIncs ABoutT OSLER 609 
 
 Anders, Howard 8. Osler: Some comments and ecullings. N. York MwJ., 
 1920, exi, 887-889. 
 Anderson, H. B. The Academy’s debt and tribute to Sir William Osler. 
 Canad. Pract., 1922, xlvii, 248-253. 
 Anonymous, [Graduation thesis on pathological anatomy], (unpub- 
 lished). Canad. M. J., 1872, viii, 473-474. 
 [Dr. Osler elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of 
 London, England.] Canad. M. & 8. J., 1883, xi, 767. 
 [ Dr. Osler favourably mentioned in connection with the professorship 
 of clinical medicine in the University of Pennsylvania.] Med. News, 
 Phila., 1884, xlv, 161. Also, Canad. M. & S. J., 1884, xiii, 62 (with 
 additions). 
 [Notice of Dr. William Osler’s election to the Chair of Clinical Medi- 
 cine in the University of Pennsylvania.] Med. News, Phila., 1884, 
 xly, 403. 
 Farewell honors to Dr. Osler. Med. News, Phila., 1884, xlv, 445. 
 Professor Osler. Canad, M. & S. J., Montreal, 1885, xii, 185. 
 [Dr. William Osler elected professor of medicine in the Johns Hopkins 
 University.] Med. News, Phila., 1888, liii, 422-423. 
 The departure of Dr. Osler. J. Am. M. Ass., 1904, xliii, 679. 
 The Regius professor of medicine at Oxford. [Professor William 
 Osler.] Brit. M. J., 1904, 11, 395. 
 Dr. Osler and Oxford University. Boston M. & 8S. J., 1904, cli, 223- 
 224. 
 An outline history of Dr. Osler’s professional work. Maryland 
 M. J., 1905, xlviii, 216-220. 
 Osler’s methods as a teacher. Maryland M. J., 1905, xlviii, 221-224. 
 The Osler dinner. Med. News, N. Y., 1905, Ixxxvi, 845-846, (Edi- 
 torial). 
 ’ [Dinner to Dr. William Osler, May 2, 1905, Waldorf-Astoria, New 
 York.] Privately printed, 1905, pp. 39. (List of those present and 
 remarks of the speakers). 
 Dr. Osler and the Charaka Club Dinner. Med. News., N. Y., 1905, 
 Ixxxvi, 513-514. Also, Proc Char. Club, N. Y., 1906, u, 142-152. 
 Our Regius Professor. (Song). In booklet about dinner to Osler 
 at New York, May 2, 1905, (See Anonymous under year 1905), pp. 
 18-19. 
 Osler at sixty, honored guest of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty 
 (of Maryland). Maryland M. J., Balt., 1909, li, port. (front). 
 (S. 8.) The Student’s guide to Osler. Guy’s Hosp. Gaz., Lond., 
 1909, xxiii, 420. 
 Our portrait gallery: William Osler. Maritime M. News, Halifax, 
 1910, xxii, 218-220, (port.) ee 
 Osler. Univ. Durham Coll. Med. Gaz., Newcastle, 1910-11, x1, 23. 
 j Biography. Maryland M. J., Balt., 1911, liv, 222, (port. ) 
 Biography. Canad, M. Ass. J., Toronto, 1911, i, 763. 
 Portrait (Presentation of) of Sir William Osler, M.D., F.R.S. Tr. 
 Coll. Phys., Phila., 1914, xxxvi, 341-343. 
 The Osler presentation. The Lancet, Lond., 1919, ii, 115. Also, Ann. 
 Med. Hist., 1919, ii, 188-190. Also, Brit. M. J, 1919, ii, 115. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 610 
 
 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WRITINGS ABOUT OSLER 
 
 Seventy years young. (Sir William Osler). Lancet, Lond., 1919, 
 li, 23. 
 
 William Osler’s birthday. J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1919, ixxiii, 111. 
 [Health of Sir Wm. Osler.] Brit. Med. J., 1919, ii, 609; 793. 
 
 The American Hospital for Great Britain. Osler original member 
 of medical committee. The Times, July 18, 1919, p. 11. 
 
 Doctor William Osler. J. Tenn. M. Ass., 1919-20, xii, 148. (Editorial). 
 William Osler. Colo. Med., Jan., 1920, xvii, 3. (Editorial). 
 Professor Osler. J. Iowa State M. Soc., 1919, ix, 321, (Editorial). 
 Sir William Osler. South. M. J., 1919, xii, 423-425, (Editorial). 
 
 Sir William Osler. Bull. Med. Library Ass., 1919, ix, 11-12. 
 Obituary. Brestol M.-Chir. J., 1918-19, xxvi, 183. 
 
 A great teacher of medicine. The Times, Lond., 1919, Dec. 30, p. 13. 
 Sir William Osler. The Evening Standard, Lond., 1919, Dec. 30. 
 
 A message from Oxford. Bull. Med. Soc. Maryland., 1919-20, xii, 47. 
 Sir William Osler at seventy—a retrospect. J. Am. M. Ass., 1919, 
 Ixxili, 106-107. 
 
 London letter. The presentation to Sir William Osler. J. Am. Med. 
 Ass., 1919, Ixxii, 705. 
 
 Sir William Osler’s birthday. J. Am. M. Ass., 1919, Ixxiii, 111. 
 Sir William Osler’s seventieth birthday; a notable anniversary. 
 Hosp., Lond., 1919-20, Ixvi, 409. 
 
 Death of Sir William Osler, Bt. The Datly Telegraph, Lond., 1919, 
 Dec. 30. 
 
 Obituary. Med. Press, Lond., 1919, n. s., eviii, 536. 
 (C. F.) Obituary. Tr. Soc. Trop. M. §& Hyg., Lond., 1919-20, xiii, 93. 
 
 The grand old man of medicine. The Times, Lond., 1919, Dec. 31, 
 p. 13. 
 
 Obituary. Bull. Univ. Maryland School Med., Balt., 1919-20, ix, 209. 
 Obituary. Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1919-20, liii, 229-232. 
 
 Obituary. Canada Lancet, Toronto, 1919-20, lili, 387-389. 
 
 Obituary. Sir William Osler, Bt., M.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.P. Brit. 
 M. J., 1920, i, 30-33, and 64-68. (Also, reprinted with some addi- 
 tions). 
 
 Obituary. Illinois M. J., Chicago, 1920, xxxvii, 55. 
 
 Obituary. Glasgow M. J., 1920, xciii, 82-85. 
 
 Obituary. Tidsskr. f. d. norske Legefor., Kristiania, 1920, xl, 229. 
 Obituary. J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1920, lxxiv, 261; 336-338. 
 Obituary. Med. Rec., N. Y., 1920, xevii, 25. 
 
 Obituary. WN. York M. J., 1920, cxi, 31. 
 
 Sir William Osler’s funeral. The Times, Lond., 1920, Jan. 2, p. 13. 
 
 In Memoriam: Sir William .Osler, (1907-1919). Quart. J. Med., 
 Oxford, 1919-20, xiii, No. 51. 
 
 Sir William Osler, Bart., M.D., F.B.S., F.R.C.P., D.Se., L.L.D., D.C.L. 
 Canad. J. M. & S., 1920, xlvii, 105-111. 
 
 William Osler. The Lancet, 1920, i, 35. 
 
 Obituary. Sir William Osler, Bart., M.D., F.R.8. The Lancet, 1920, 
 i, 56-59. 
 

 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Writinas ABOUT OSLER 611 
 
 In Memory of Sir William Osler. The Lancet, 1920, i, 507. 
 Obituary. William Osler. Med. J. Australia, 1920, i, 47. 
 
 [William Osler.] Brit. M. J., 1920, i, 21. 
 
 Resolutions passed at the meeting of the Baltimore City Medical 
 Society, Jan. 9, 1920, and the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty and 
 Book and Journal Club, Jan. 13, 1920. Bull. Med. §& Chi. Fae. 
 Maryland, 1920, xii, 59. 
 
 Death of Sir William Osler. J. Indiana Med, Ass., 1919-20, xiii, 24-25. 
 Sir William Osler, Bart., M.D., F.R.S. Science Progress, 1920, xv, 
 128-129. 
 
 Sir William Osler: The ‘‘beloved physician’’ of Oxford. The 
 Observer, Lond., 1920, Jan. 4. 
 
 Obituary, Sir William Osler. The Oxford Mag., 1920, Jan. 30, 182-183. 
 The late Sir William Osler Memorial Institute at Oxford. The Times, 
 Lond., 1920, Mar. 8, p. 15. 
 
 Sir William Osler, Bart., F.R.S. The Periodical, Oxford, 1920, vii, 
 102-103. 
 
 [A tribute to the memory of Sir William Osler.] Brit. J. Tuber., 
 1920, xiv, 48. 
 
 Sir William Osler. J. Am. Med. Ass., 1920, Ixxiv, 36-44. 
 
 Dr. Osler’s refutation of himself. Literary Digest, 1920, Jan. 17, 46-50. 
 
 Sir William Osler. Keport of the Oxfordshire Ass. for Prev. of 
 Tuberculosis, Holywell Press Ltd., Oxford, 1920. 
 
 The Passing of Sir William Osler. South. M. J., 1920, xili, 74-75. 
 Sir William Osler. Boston M. & S. J., 1920, clxxxii, 232-236. 
 
 The late Sir Wm. Osler, Brit. Med. J., 1920, i, 121. (Editorial). 
 Oxford Memorial to Sir William Osler. Osler Institute of General 
 Pathology & Preventive Medicine. Brit. M. J., 1920, i, 304, 369, 374, 
 423. 
 
 Memorial to Sir William Osler. Science, N. Y., 1920, n. s., li, 341. 
 Memorial service at Montreal. Brit. Med. J., 1920, i, 205. (See also 
 
 Montreal Gazette, Feb., 1920.) 
 
 Sir Wm. Osler at the Bodleian. Brit. Med. J., 1920, i, 411. (Ed- 
 itorial). a 
 
 Bequests of Sir William Osler. Brit. M. J., 1920, i, 685. 
 
 Osler’s will. J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1920, lxxiv, 1531. 
 
 Will (The) of Sir William Osler. Med. Press, Lond., 1920, n. 8, 
 eix, 372. 
 
 Memory (In) of Sir William Osler. Lancet, Lond., 1920, i, 507. : 
 
 i i ‘lliam Osler: an institute of general pathology an 
 
 eS toa ‘Heapital, Lond., 1920, Ixvii, 561. (Editorial). 
 Sir William Osler (1849-1919). Unw. Durham Coll. Med, Gaz., 
 1920-21, xxi, 2. 
 
 Sir William ‘Dae (1849-1919). Military Surgeon, 1920, xlvi, 202-203. 
 Editorial). a 
 Nin oo Shou: Bull. Med. § Chir. Fac. Maryland, 1921, xin, 
 35-37. a 
 Sir William Osler, Bart., 1870. The War Memorial Volume, Trinity 
 College, Toronto, 1922, p. 1. Printers Guild, Ltd. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
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 612 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WRITINGS ABOUT OSLER 
 
 In Memoriam—Sir William Osler. Trintty College School Record, 
 (Port Hope), 1920, xxiii, 2-5. 
 
 Osler memorial meeting. Johns Hopkins Alumni Mag., Balt., 1921, 
 ix, 296-313. 
 
 Oxford Memorial to Sir William Osler. The Times, Lond., 1923, 
 Mar. 22, p. 11. 
 
 Contributions to the science of medicine: Sir William Osler, Bart. 
 Med. J. § Rec., N. Y., 1924, exix, 312. 
 
 Sir William Osler (The) memorial at Oxford; unveiling of plaque. 
 Brit. M. J., Lond., 1925, i, 1133. 
 
 Osler (The) memorial at Oxford. Lancet, Lond., 1925, i, 1319. 
 Libraries and Sir William Osler. The Library Journal, 1925, 1, 704-5. 
 
 Armstrong, Geo. E. Student reminiscence—Montreal period. Internat. 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorwal Number, 1926, ix, 175. 
 
 Aschoff, J. Ludwig. Sir William Osler. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., 
 Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 435. 
 Barker, Lewellys F. Osler and the south. South. M. J., 1919, xii, 345-346. 
 
 Osler as chief of a medical clinic. Johns Hopkms Hosp. Bull., 1919, 
 xxx, 189-193. 
 
 Sir William Osler. Evening Sun, Baltimore, 1919, Dec. 30. 
 Osler at Johns Hopkins. Canad. J. M. & S8., 1920, xlvii, 135-146. 
 [Tribute to Osler.] Am. Med., 1921, n.s., xvi, 15. 
 
 Dr. Osler as the young physician’s friend and exemplar. Internat. 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 251. 
 
 Bierring, W. L. A visit with Doctor Osler at Oxford. J. Iowa State 
 M. Soc., 1919, ix, 358-360. 
 
 Also, Month. Bull., Chicago, 1919, v, 247-250. 
 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Num- 
 ber, 1926, ix, 398. 
 
 Birkett, H. S. Note on Sir William Osler in France. Internat. Assoc. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 600. 
 
 Blackader, A. D. Osler’s Montreal days. Canad. M. Ass. J., Special Osler 
 Memortal Number, 1920, July, 28-34. 
 
 ‘‘Enshrined in the hearts of medical men of two continents.’’ Am. 
 Med., 1921, n.s., xvi, 15. 
 
 Osler’s early work for Canadian scientific societies and as a teacher 
 
 in Montreal. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Number, 
 1926, ix, 158. 
 
 Blogg, Minnie W. Bibliography. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1919, xxx, 
 219-233. Also, reprinted separately, with addenda. Also, revised and 
 enlarged with index, Baltimore, 1921, pp. 96. 
 
 Osler reminiscences, The Johns Hopkins Hospital Library. Bull., 
 Med. Library Ass., 1919, ix, 7-8. 
 
 Blumer, George. Random recollections of Sir William Osler in the early 
 
 nineties. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, 1926, ix, 306. 
 
 Boggs, Thos. R. Osler as a bibliophile. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1919, 
 ‘So. ages BIG; 
 

 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Writincs ABOUT OSLER 613 
 
 Brigham, Edward H. Osler reminiscences, Boston Medical Library. Bul. 
 Med. Library Ass., 1919, ix, 9. 
 
 Brown, Lawrason. Some personal recollections of Sir William Osler and 
 his influence on students of medicine. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. 
 Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 439. 
 
 Brown, Thomas R. Osler and the student. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 
 1919, xxx, 200-201. Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special 
 Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 265. 
 
 Death of Sir William Osler. Bull. League Red Cross Societies, 1920, i. 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, 1926, ix, 430. 
 
 Brush, Edward N. Osler’s literary style. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 
 
 1919, xxx, 217-233. 
 
 Osler’s influence on other medical schools in Baltimore and his rela- 
 
 tion to the medical profession. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1919, 
 xxx, 208-209. 
 
 Also, Bull. Med. & Chir. Fac., Maryland, 1919-20, xii, 15-18. 
 The death of Dr. Osler. Am. J. Insan., 1920, lxxvi, 357. (Unsigned). 
 
 Bullock, Howard. Post graduate experiences abroad. (Address to Medical 
 Society, University of Sydney), 1919, Nov. 
 
 Burr, Chas. W. Sir William Osler as a man of letters. Am. J. M. Sc., 
 1920, elix, 625-630. Also, Tr. Coll. Phys., Phila., 1920, xlii, 140-146. 
 Some personal reminiscences of Sir William Osler in Philadelphia. 
 
 Internat. Asso. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 
 1926, ix, 222. 
 
 Cabot, R. C. Osler’s great influence on the medical profession. WN. Y. 
 Evening Post, 1919, Dec. 30. 
 
 Camac, C. N. B. Oxford letter. Med. Notes & Queries, 1905, i, 145. 
 
 Dr. William Osler. The Alumni Register, University of Pennsylvanta, 
 Philadelphia, 1920, xxii, No. 5, 509-310. 
 
 The duty of the disciple. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus, Bull., Special 
 Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 14. 
 
 Osler and medical gatherings. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., 
 Svecial Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 328. 
 
 Cameron, Irving H. Sir William Osler, Bart. Canad. J. M. & S., 1920, 
 xivii, 105-111. 
 
 Osler—the man. Canad, J. M. & S., 1920, xlvii, 120-135. 
 
 Cameron, Jean. Sir William Osler and the McGill Library. Canad. M. 
 Ass. J., Special Osler Memorial Volume, 1920, July, 87-88. Also, 
 Internat. Ass. M. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial No., 1926, ix, 200. 
 
 Cattell, Henry W. Dr. Osler. Med. Notes § Queries, 1906, i, 18. 
 Oxford cum Osler and Baltimore sine Osler. Med. Notes § Queries, 
 1905, i, 11-12. et 
 The new Sydenham Society. Med. Notes § Queries, 1905, 1, 49. 
 Which are the best medical text-books? Med. Notes § Queries, 1906, 
 li, 29-30. 
 Osler, the medical editor. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special 
 Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 88. 
 
 
 
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 614 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Writincs ABOUT OSLER 
 
 Chaplin, Arnold. [A tribute to the memory of Sir William Osler.] Brit. 
 M. J., 1920, i, 66. 
 
 Chapman, R. W. [A tribute to the memory of Sir William Osler.] Brit. 
 M. J., 1920, i, 32 
 
 Chatard, J. A. Osler and the Book and Journal Club. Johns Hopkins 
 Hosp. Bull., 1919, xxx, 211-212. Also, Bull. Med. § Chir. Fac. Mary- 
 land, 1919-20, xii, 11-12. Also, Bull. de soc. med. d. hop. de Lyon. 
 1914, xiii. 
 
 Chipman, W. W. Lecture on Sir William Osler. McGill Daily, 1920, 
 Jan. 20. 
 
 The evolution of modern medicine. By Sir William Osler. (Book- 
 Review). Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorval 
 Number, 1926, ix, 104. 
 
 Chisholm, Murdoch. Student reminiscences—Montreal period. Halsfaz 
 Morning Chronicle. Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Specval 
 Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 180. 
 
 Church, James Robb. Sir William Osler and the fixed period. M#l. 
 Surgeon, 1920, xlvi, 678-682. 
 
 Clarke, C. K. Sir William Osler. Canad. J. M. & S., 1920, xlvii, 155-156. 
 
 Clark, Oscar. Sir William Osler e sua philosophia (1849-1919). Braztl- 
 Medico, 1921, xxxv, 338-340. 
 Sir Victor Horsley and Sir William Osler. Brazil-Medico, 1922, Dec. 
 9, xxxvi, pt. 2, 375-378, 
 
 Cole, Rufus. Sir William Osler, teacher and student. Internat. Assoc. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 46. 
 
 Collier, Wm. Sir William Osler’s clinics at the Radcliffe Infirmary. 
 Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 
 1926, ix, 356. 
 
 Cone, Claribel. Making wardrounds with Dr. Osler. Internat. Assoc. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 320. 
 
 Councilman, Wm. T. Some of the early medical work of Sir William 
 Osler. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1919, xxx, 193-197. 
 Osler in the early days at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Boston 
 M. & S. J., 1920, elxxxii, 341-345. 
 
 Craick, W. A. The achievements of the Oslers. MacLean’s Magazine, 
 Toronto, 1913, March, 31-41. 
 
 Cronshaw, Rev. G. B. Sir William Osler and Oxford. A great living, 
 life-giving personality. Hospital, Lond., 1920, Ixvii, 361-363. (Un- 
 signed). 
 
 Crozier, J. B. Some Personal Reminiscences of Sir William Osler. 
 Contrib. to Med. & Biol. Research, N. Y., 1919, Paul B. Hoeber, Vol. 
 1, 38-39. 
 
 Coupal, James F. Osler’s gift to the study of medicine. Internat. Assoc. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 16. 
 
 Cushing, Harvey. William Osler: the man. Boston Evening Trans- 
 cript, 1920, Jan. 5, Part 2. Also, Ann. Med. Hist., 1919, ii, 157-167. 
 Introduction (to The Old Humanities and the New Science). Boston, 
 1920, Houghton, Mifflin Co., pp. vi, v-xxi. 
 

 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WritInGcs ABouT OSLER 615 
 
 Laboratories: Then and Now. Canad. M. Ass. J., 1923, xiii, 59-61. 
 
 THE Lire or Sm Wiiwam Osier 
 illustrated, 8°. (Vide supra.) 
 
 Dana, Charles L. Sir William Osler, his services to society as physician 
 and humanist. The New York Times, 1920, Jan. 2, p. 10. 
 
 Darey, J. Herbert. Student reminiscences—Montreal period. Internat. 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 180. 
 
 Davison, Wilburt C. Sir William Osler and an Oxford medical student. 
 Internat. Ass. M. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial No., 1926, ix, 381. 
 
 Delavan, D. Bryson. Reminiscence of Sir William Osler. Internat. Assoc. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number. 1926, ix, 202. 
 
 » Clarendon Press, 1925, 2 vols., 
 
 Dercum, F. X. Reminiscences. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special 
 Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 225. 
 
 Dock, George. Dr. William Osler in Philadelphia, 18841889. Internat. 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 208. 
 
 Edwards, William A. Osler in Philadelphia. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. 
 Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 294. 
 
 Elliott, J. H. The Johnson cabinets in the Osler collection at the Academy 
 of Medicine, Toronto. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler 
 Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 465. 
 
 Emerson, Charles P. Reminiscences of Sir William Osler. Internat. 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 294. 
 Emmons, Elise. To Sir William Osler. 1919, Dec. 31. (Poem). 
 
 Epler, B. N. Reminiscences of Sir William Osler. J. Mich. M. Soc., 1920, 
 xix, 79. 
 
 Falconer, Sir Robert Alexander. A tribute from the President of the 
 University of Toronto. Canad. J. M. & S., 1920, xlvii, 159-160, 
 Field, D. L. Osler’s nonsense. Lowisville M. J. M. & S., 1906, xii, 247-248. 
 Finney, J. M. T. A personal appreciation of Sir William Osler. J. 
 
 Am. M. Ass., 1921, lxxyii, 2013-2019. 
 Also, Internat. Ass. M. Mus. Bull., Osler Memorial No., 1926, ix, 273. 
 Fisher, Chas. P. Osler reminiscences. College of Physicians. Bull. Med. 
 Inbrary Ass., 1919, ix, 6. 
 Fremantle, F. E. [Letter to the Editor.] The Times, Lond., 1920, Jan. 2. 
 Friedenwald, Harry. [Remarks at Osler Memorial Meeting of the 
 Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, Osler Hall, J anuary 13, 
 1920.] Bull. Med. & Chir. Fac. Maryland, 1919-20, xii, 60-62. 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Num- 
 ber, 1926, ix, 338. 
 Futcher, Thos. B. Influence on the relations of medicine in Canada and 
 the United States. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1919, xxx, 204-205. 
 Sir William Osler, Bart., Ete., Regius Prof. Medicine, University 
 of Oxford. Johns Hopkins Alumni Mag., 1920-21, ix, 2-28. 
 
 Brief report of the presentation of memorial plaque to Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital, Jan. 19th, 1925. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special 
 Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 453. 
 
 
 
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 616 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Writincs ABouT OSLER 
 
 Garrison, Fielding H. Osler reminiscences, Library of the Surgeon 
 General’s Office. Bull, Med. Library Ass., 1919, ix, 8-9. 
 
 Sir William Osler’s contributions to medical literature. Ann. Med, 
 Hist., 1919, ii, 184-187. 
 
 The Osler presentation. Science, 1919, n.s., 50, 244-246. 
 
 ‘Sir William Osler, 1849-1919. Science, 1920, n. s., li, 55-58. 
 
 Sir William Osler, (1849-1919). Mil. Surgeon, 1920, xlvi, 202-203. 
 Osler’s place in the history of medicine. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus, 
 Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 29. 
 
 Garrod, Sir A. E. Obituary notice of Sir William Osler, Bart., 1849-1919, 
 (with photogravure). Proc. Roy. Soc., 1920-21, xcii, pp. xvii-xxiv. 
 [Extract from letter describing pictures of Oxford memorial.] Internat. 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 451. 
 
 Gerster, A. G. Homage to Sir William Osler. (Paraphrase from Aris- 
 tophanes). Contributions to Med. § Biol. Research, N. Y., 1919, Paul 
 B. Hoeber, Vol. ii, 720. 
 
 Gibson, A. G. Osler at Oxford. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Spectal 
 Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 378. 
 
 Gilcreest, E. L. Luncheon glimpses of Sir William Osler during the 
 world war. J. Am. M. Ass., 1920, lxxiv, 1662-1663. (Open letter.) 
 Sir William Osler—physician and philanthropist—glimpses during the 
 world war. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, 1926, ix, 425. 
 
 Gildersleeve, Basil L. On a portrait of Sir William Osler, Bart. Johns 
 Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1919, xxx, on Plate xxv, facing p. 206. (Poem). 
 
 Gulland, G. Lovell. [A Tribute to the memory of.] Brit. M. J., 1920, i, 67. 
 Gwyn, Norman B. The boyhood of Sir William Osler. Canad. M. Ass. 
 J., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1920, July, 24-27. 
 
 Sir William Osler—Early influences bearing on a great life. Canad. 
 J. M. & S., 1920, xlvii, 157. Also, Canad. Pract., 1922, xlvii, 235. 
 
 Osler, student of the Toronto School of Medicine. Ann. Med. Hist., 
 1923, v, 305-308. 
 
 The early life of Sir William Osler. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. 
 Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 109- 
 
 Hale-White, Sir William. Reminiscences of Sir William Osler. Internat. 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 352. 
 
 Hamman, Louis. Osler and the tuberculosis work of the hospital. John« 
 Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1919, xxx, 202-203. 
 
 Hare, Hobart A. William Osler as a teacher and clinician. Tr. Coll. Phys. 
 Phila., 1920, xlii, 131-139. Also, Therap. Gaz., 1920, xliv, 160-164. 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Nwm- 
 ber, 1926, ix, 212. 
 
 Heitz, Jean. Sir William Osler. Arch. d. Mal. dw Coeur, 1920, xiii, 145. 
 
 Henry, Lydia S. The unveiling of the Oxford memorial plaque. Internat. 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 452. 
 
 Hoffman, Frederick L. Sir William Osler. The Public Health J., 1920, 
 April 16, 435-436. (Poem). 
 

 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WritiIncs ABout OSLER 617 
 
 Holmes, B. Votum medici. Contrib. Med. § Biol. Research, 1919, ii, 731. 
 
 Hoover, E. M. Sir William Osler; an estimation of his life. J. Indiana 
 M. Ass., 1920, xii, 191-194. 
 
 Howard, C. P. Recollections of Sir William Osler’s visit to No. 3 
 Canadian General Hospital (McGill). Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. 
 Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 409. 
 
 Hurd, Henry M. Some early reminiscences of William Osler. Johns 
 Hopkims Hosp. Bull., 1919, xxx, 213-215. 
 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Nwm- 
 
 ber, 1926, ix, 262. 
 
 Sir William Osler and the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Contrib. Med. & 
 
 Biol. Research, N. Y., 1919, Paul. B. Hoeber, Vol. ii, 732-735. 
 Jackson, Edward. William Osler. Colorado Med., 1920, xvii, 3-4. 
 
 Jacobi, A. Dr. Osler: Author and physician. In booklet about dinner 
 to Osler at New York, 1905, (see Anonymous under 1905). pp. 19-25. 
 
 Jacobs, H. B. Osler as a citizen and his relation to the tuberculosis 
 crusade in Maryland. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1919, xxx, 205-208. 
 Also, Bull. Med. § Chir. Fac. Maryland, 1919-20, xii, 18-23. 
 
 Osler in vacation. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler 
 Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 91. 
 
 J., C. The late Sir William Osler. Speculum, (J. Melbourne Med. 
 Student’s Soc.), 1921, May, 33-36. 
 
 Also, re-issue, 1921, June. 
 
 Keen, W. W. A tribute to Sir William Osler. Canad. M. Ass. J., Special 
 Osler Memorial Number, July, 1920, 39-41. 
 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memortal Nwm- 
 ber, 1926, ix, 246. 
 
 Keith, Sir Arthur. Osler and the medical museum. Internat. Assoc. Med. 
 Mus. Bull., Special Oslen Memorval Number, 1926, ix, 5. 
 
 Kelly, Howard A. A tribute to Sir William Osler. South. M. J., Birming- 
 ham, Ala., 1919, xii, 346-347. 
 Osler as I knew him in Philadelphia and in the Hopkins. Johns 
 Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1919, xxx, 215-216. 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Num- 
 ber, 1926, ix, 259. 
 Sir William Osler, a tribute. Ann. Med. Hist., 1919, ii, 168-169. 
 
 Impressions of Osler after a year. Am. Med., 1921, n.s., xvi, 13. 
 
 Klebs, A. C. Osler at the tomb of Louis. J. Am. M. Ass., 1906, xlvi, 
 1716-1717. 
 
 Klotz. Oscar. Our Debt. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler 
 Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 7. 
 
 Knapp, Charles. Sir William Osler on the classics. (Especially Aristotle 
 and Lucretius). Classical Weekly, N. Y., 1920, xii, 89-90. 
 
 i illi i Am. Kev. 
 Knopf, S. Adolphus. Sir William Osler, Bart. In memoriam. ie. 
 Tuberc. 1920, iii, 745-752. (From the advance sheets of The Hs 
 
 tory of the National Tuberculosis Association). 
 
 43 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 618 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Writincs ABouT OSLER 
 
 Tuberculosis and the life and work of Sir William Osler. Brit. J. 
 Tuberculosis, Lond., 1920, xiv, 97-103. 
 
 In memoriam—Sir William Osler, Bart. To the first anniversary of 
 his death. Am. Med., 1921, n. s., xvi, 17-26. 
 
 Personal reminiscences of Sir William Osler, Bart. Internat. Assoc. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 321. 
 
 Kober, Geo. M. The influence of Osler on American medicine. Contribu- 
 tions to Med. & Biol. Research, N. Y., 1919, Paul B. Hoeber, Vol. ii, 
 756-766. 
 
 Also, Tr. Ass. Am. Physicians, 1919, xxxiv, 257-270. 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Num- 
 ber, 1926, ix, 52. 
 
 Krumbhaar, E. B. Osler’s connection with the Library of the College of 
 Physicians of Philadelphia. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special 
 Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 237. 
 
 Lafieur, H. A. Early Days at the Johns Hopkins Hospital with Dr. 
 Osler. Canad. M. Ass. J., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1920, 
 July, 42-47. 
 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memortal 
 Number, 1926, ix, 268. 
 
 Lamb, D. S. Osler at the Army Medical Museum. Internat. Assoc, Med. 
 Mus. Bul&, Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 314. 
 
 Landis, H. R. M. The pathological records of the Blockley Hospital, 
 Philadelphia Period (1885-1889). Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull, 
 Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 232. 
 
 Lane, John. Sir William Osler, personal characteristics. Morning Post, 
 Lond., 1920, Jan. 7. 
 
 Laveran, C. L. A. Décés de Sir William Osler associé étranger. Bull. 
 Acad. de Méd., Paris, 1920, 3 s., lxxxiii, 207-208. Quoted Brit. Med. 
 J., 1920, i, 685. 
 
 Lawford, J. B. Osler reminiscences—Montreal period. Internat. Assoc. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 179. 
 Leidy, Joseph, 2nd. Student reminiscences—Philadelphia period. Inter. 
 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 218. 
 
 Lewis, Morris J. Sir William Osler’s sojourn in Philadelphia—especially 
 his connection with the Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary for 
 Nervous Diseases in 1887-88-89. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., 
 Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 227. 
 
 Libman, E. Osler and endocarditis and myeotic aneurisms. Internat. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 10. 
 Lundsgaard, C. Obituary. Ugeskr. f. Leger, Kobenh., 1920, lxxxii, 52. 
 Lyell, James P. R. The late Sir William Osler. The Times, Literary 
 
 Supplement, 1920, Jan. 8, (Letter to the Editor). 
 
 Macallister, Sir J. ¥Y. W. The Osler Library (a tribute). Lébrary, Lond., 
 
 1919, x, 139-156. 
 
 Also, reprinted by the De La More Press, Ltd., London, 1919. 
 
 Also, Contributions to Med. & Biol. Research, N. Y., 1919, Paul B. 
 Hoeber, Vol. i, 111-121. (Primarily written for these Anniversary 
 Volumes). 
 
 Also, Abstract in Lancet, Lond., 1919, ii, 340 
 
 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WritiIncs ABouT OSLER 619 
 
 Macallum, A. B. Osler’s influence on the research student. Canad. M. 
 Ass. J., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1920, July, 89-90. 
 
 MacCallum, Wm. G. Osler as a pathologist. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bullt., 
 1939; xxx, 197-198. 
 A student’s impression of Osler. Canad. M. Ass. J., Special Osler 
 Memorial Number, 1920, Juiy, 47-50, 
 
 MacDonald, Adrian. Sir William Osler. Canadian Portraits. The Ryer- 
 son Press, Toronto, 1925, 192-208. 
 
 Macintosh, Ashley W. [A tribute to the memory of Sir William Osler.] 
 prot. M. J. 1920, 1, 67. 
 
 Mackall, Leonard L. Sir William Osler. The papers of the Bibliographi- 
 cal Socuety of America, for 1920, xiv, Part I, 20-32, Chicago, 1922. 
 Also reprinted same year for private circulation. 
 
 Also, under title, Osler as a bibliophile. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. 
 Bull., Special Osler Memorial Nwmber, 1926, ix, 97. 
 
 Sir William Osler (1849-1910). The New York Herald Tribune, 1924, 
 Sept. 21, xi, 23. 
 
 Macklem, Rev. T. C.S. Osler Memorial Address. Canad. Lancet, Toronto, 
 1919-20, lini, 304-310. 
 
 Also, Canad. M. & S. J., 1920, xlvii, 113-120. 
 
 Osler memorial service held in St. James Cathedral, Toronto, Sunday, 
 Jan. 11, 1920. (Privately printed). 
 
 Maclean, George E. [A letter to the editor about Sir William Osler.] 
 The Times, Lond., 1920, Jan. 2. 
 
 MacMurchy, Helen. Dr. Osler’s Thursday Clinie at the Johns Hopkins 
 Hospital in 1902. Saturday Night, Toronto, 1920, Jan. 17. 
 Also, Canad. J. M. & S., 1920, xlvii, 160-164. 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial 
 Nwmber, 1926, ix, 311. 
 
 Madan, Falconer. [Report of remarks made at the Annual Meeting 
 the Bibliographical Society in proposing a resolution after the death 
 of Sir William Osler.] Transactions of the Bibliographical Society, 
 Second Series, vol. i, (The Library, Fourth Series, vol. i, Oxford Uni- 
 versity Press, 1920, 44-46). (Quoted in The Times, 1920, Jan. 20, 
 p. 13, under the title ‘‘A Lover of Men and Books’’). 
 
 The late Sir William Osler, Baronet. Bodleian Quart. Rec., 1920, ii. 
 298-299. (Quoted, Brit. M. J., 1920, i, 411.) 
 
 Malloch, Archibald. Sir William Osler at Oxford. Canad. M. Ass. d., 
 Special Osler Memorial Number, 1920, July, x, 51-69. | 
 Also, London, 1921, Chiswick Press, pp. 23. (Privately printed with 
 some additions). . 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus, Bull., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, 1926, ix, 363. 
 
 Marchiafava, Ettore. Sir William Osler in Roma. Internat. Assoc. Med. 
 Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, 1x, 18. 
 
 Marie, Pierre. Osler—éducateur. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., 
 Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 9. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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 620 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WritinGs ABoUT OSLER 
 
 Martin, C. F. Osler as a clinician and teacher. Canad. M. Ass. J., 
 Special Osler Memorial Number, 1920, July, 82-86. 
 
 (Quoted, under Tributes to Osler, dm. Med., 1921, xvi, n.s., 16). 
 Also, Inter. Ass. Med. Mus. Bull., Spe. Osler Memorial No., 1926, ix, 41. 
 Martin, Edw. S. Abroad with Jane, Boston, 1919, D. D. Updike, The 
 
 Merrymount Press, privately printed. (P. 111, William Osler is re- 
 ferred to as Sir Richard Holter.) 
 
 The best doctor of all. Life, N. Y., 1920, Jan. 15, Ixxv, 100. | 
 Matthers, Brander. A new view of Sir William Osler. WN. Y. Times, 
 1920, May 23. (Book-review). 
 McCrae. Thomas. Osler and patient. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1919, 
 xxx, 201-202. ) 
 A sketch of the life of the late Sir William Osler. N. York M. J., 
 1920, exi, 921. 
 William Osler. (Obituary). Am. J. M. Sc., 1920, n.s., clix, (pp. 2, 
 not numbered, after frontispiece). 
 
 Memoir of Sir William Osler, Bart., M.D., F.R.S. Tr. Coll. Phys., 
 Phila., 1920, Ixii, 118-130. 
 
 The influence of Sir William Osler on medicine in America. Canad. 
 M. Ass. J., 1920, x, 102-105. Ibid., Special Osler Memorial Nwmber, 
 1920, July, 78-81. 
 
 The influence of pathology upon the clinical medicine of William 
 Osler. Inter. Ass. M. Mus. Bull., Spec. Osler Memorial No., 1926, ix, 37. 
 
 McEachran, Duncan. Osler and the Montreal Veterinary College. Canad. 
 M. Ass. J., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1920, July, 35-38. 
 
 McKenzie, R. Tait. Osler and art. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., 
 Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 397. 
 
 McPhedran, Alex. Sir William Osler’s influence on medical education 
 in the United States. Canad. J. M. & S., 1920, xlvii, 151-153. 
 
 Mencken, H. L. Interesting People. American Magazine, 1909, Oct., 555. 
 
 Millis, C. K. Dr. William Osler in Philadelphia. Internat. Assoc. Med. 
 Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 205. 
 
 Mitchell, S. Weir. Presentation of Cicero de Senectute. In hocklet about 
 Dinner to Osler at New York, May 2, 1905, (see Anonymous under 
 year 1905). pp. 26-28. 
 Books and the man. (Poem). Charaka Club, New York, 1906, ii, 14. 
 Also, this Bulletin, page 249. 
 
 Moore, Sir John W. [A tribute to the memory of Sir William Osler. | 
 Brit. M. J., 1920, i, 68. 
 
 Mosher, J. M. Sir William Osler. Albany M. Ann., 1920, xli, 57-69. 
 
 Miller, Friedrich. William Osler. Miinch. med. Wcehn., 1920, Ixvii, 263-264. 
 
 Mullin, J. Heurner. The Hamilton memorial for Wentworth County. Inter. 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, 1x, 457. 
 
 Murray, George R. [A Tribute to the memory of.] Brit. M. J., 1920, i, 66. 
 
 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WRITINGS Asout OSLER 621 
 
 Myers, Grace W. Osler reminiscences: Treadwell Library. Bull. Med. 
 Library Ass., July, 1919, ix, 6. 
 
 Newman, Sir George. A physician of two continents. Friends’ Quarterly 
 Examiner, 1920, 97-114. . 
 
 Nixon, J. A. [A tribute to the memory of Sir William Osler.] Bristol 
 M. J., 1920, i, 66-67. Quoted in part under the title ‘‘An Osler 
 anecdote.’’ Bull. Med. Lib. Ass., Jan., 1920. 
 
 Norris, Geo. W. Sir William Osler as host to Americans in England 
 during the war. Am. J. M. Sc., 1920, clix, 630-633. 
 
 Also, Tr. Coll. Phys. Phila., 1920, xlii, 151-154. 
 Also, Inter. Ass. M. Mus. Bull., Spec. Osler Memorial No., 1926, ix, 406. 
 
 Noyes, Marcia C. Osler’s influence on the library of the Medical and 
 Chirurgical Faculty of the State of Maryland. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 
 Bull., 1919, xxx, 212-213. 
 
 Also, Bull. Med. §& Chir. Fac. Maryland, 1919-20, xii, 12-14. 
 Osler reminiscences (Medical and Chirurgical Faculty). Bull. Med. 
 Library Ass., July, 1919, ix, 9-10. 
 
 Osborne, Marian. ‘‘ Awquanimitas.’’ ‘‘ William Osler.’’ Poems, Chiswick 
 Press, Lond., 1914, 41; 63. 
 
 William Osler. A mezzotint. Toronto Saturday Night, 1920, Jan. 17. 
 Also, Canad. J. M. & S., 1921, i, 43-46. 
 
 Poem. The Song of Israfel and Other Poems; The Macmillan Co., 
 Toronto, 1923; Erskine MacDonald, Ltd., Lond., 1923; (To the 
 memory of Sir William Osler, Bart.) 
 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, 1926, ix, 429. 
 
 Recollection of Sir William Osler. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., 
 Special Oster Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 171. 
 
 Owens, Margaret. The unveiling of the Osler memorial tablet at the Mon- 
 treal General Hospital. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Speciat 
 Osler Memorial Number, 1926, 1x, 455. 
 
 Packard, F. R. Sir William Osler’s services to medical history. (Osler 
 memorial meeting, Jan. 3, 1920.) Bull. Med. § Chir. Fac. Maryland, 
 1919-20, xii, 65-72. 
 
 Sir William Osler and the Library of the College of Physicians of 
 Philadelphia. Tr. Coll. Phys. Phila., 1920, 3rd S., xlii, 147-150. 
 
 Literary influences on the writings of Osler. Internat. Assoc. Med. — 
 
 Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 20. 
 The Life of Sir William Osler by Harvey Cushing. - (Book-review. ) 
 Am. Med. Hist., 1925, vii, 307-312. 
 
 Parfitt, C. D. Osler as an incentive. Canad. Pract., 1922, xlvii, 244-247. 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med, Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, 1926, ix, 316. 
 
 Parsons, H. C. Osler as a teacher. Canad. J. M. & S., 1920, xlvii, 153-154. 
 Osler from the point of view of a house physician. Canad. Pract., 
 1922, xlvii, 239-241. 
 
 Peck, Elizabeth A. A personal reminiscence. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. 
 Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, 1x, 231. 
 
 Penfield. Wilder. A medical student’s memories of the Regius Professor 
 Internat. Ass. M. Mus. Bull., Spec. Osler Memorial No., 1926, ix, 385. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 §22 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WritTincs ABouT OSLER 
 
 Pollard, Alfred W. Preface [with personal reminiscences of William 
 Osler] pp. v-ix, Illustrated Monographs No. xix, Incunabula Medica. 
 A Study of the Earliest Printed Medical Books, 1467-1480, by Sir 
 William Osler, Oxford, 1923. Printed for the Bibliographical Society 
 at the Oxford University Press. 
 
 Powell, Lyman P. William Osler and old age. Times, N. Y., 1920, Jan. 4, 
 p. 18. 
 Pratt, Joseph H. Osler as his students knew him. Boston M. & 8S. d., 
 1920, elxxxii, 338-341. 
 Osler and tuberculosis. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Specral 
 _ Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 59. 
 Radin, Herman T. The literary flavor in the writings of Sir William 
 Osler. Med. Pickwick, 1918, iv, 292-296. 
 The Osler Festschrift. Med. Pickwick, 1920, vi, 294-296. 
 The beloved physician. Medical Life, 1925, xxxii, 275-289. 
 Ranck, S. H. How Osler inspired the Grand Rapids Tuberculosis Fight. 
 Michigan Out-of-Doors, 1919-20, viii, 11. 
 Rawnsley, H. D. Sir William Osler: In memoriam. Oxford Mag., 1920, 
 Jan. 20, (Poem). 
 Reid, Edith. A giver of life. Johns Hopkins Alumni Mag., 1921, ix, 
 311-313. 
 Reisman, David. Osler and the interurban club. Internat. Assoc. Med. 
 Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 333. 
 
 Rhea, L. J. Osler and pathology. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., 
 Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 12. 
 
 Student reminiscences, Ibid. 
 
 Rhea, L. J., and Abbott, M. BE. Sir William Osler. Internat. Assoc. Med. 
 Mus. Bull., 1922, viii, 1-2. 
 
 Robb, Hunter. Dr. Osler’s relations with the early days of the Johns 
 Hopkins training school for nurses, ete. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. 
 Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 309. 
 
 Roberts, S. R. Sir William Osler, clinician-teacher. South. M. J., 1924, 
 xvii, 40-42. 
 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, 1926, ix, 421. 
 
 Robertson, H. BE. Personal reminiscences of Sir William Osler. Internat. 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 315. 
 
 Robinson, Beverley. [A tribute to Sir William Osler.] The New York 
 Times, 1920, Jan. 2, p. 10. 
 
 Rogers, Edmund, J. A. Personal reminiscences of the earlier years of 
 Sir William Osler. Colorado Med., 1920, xvii, 88-95. 
 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, 1926, ix, 163. 
 
 Rohrer, C. W. G. Sir William Osler, Bart. (Privately printed). Indus- 
 trial Printing Company, Baltimore, 1921. (Poem by ‘‘Pedham- 
 mok’’’.) ; 
 
 
 
 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Writings ABour OsLER 623 
 
 Rolleston, ‘Sir Humphry. Seventy years young. Lancet, 1919, ii, 23. 
 (Unsigned). ea 
 [A tribute to the memory of Sir William Osler.] Brit. M. J., 1920, 
 i, 65. 
 Sir William Osler in Great Britain. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull. 
 Special. Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 347. 
 
 Rosencrantz, Esther. Student reminiscence. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. 
 Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 310. 
 
 Rosenthal, Melvin. One on the chief. Med. Pickwick, N. Y., 1920, vi, 
 251-252. 
 
 Ruhréh, John. Sir William Osler. Bull. Med. Library Ass., 1919, ix, 11-12. 
 Osler’s influence on American Medical Libraries. Ann. Med. Hist., 
 1919, ii, 170-183. 
 
 Also, Bull. Med. §& Chir. Fac, Maryland, 1920, xii, 5-10. 
 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Num- 
 ber, 1926, ix, 340. 
 
 The Osler Number. Bull. Med. §& Chir. Fac. Maryland, 1920, xii, 1. 
 [Remarks at the Osler Memorial Meeting of the Medical and 
 Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, and the Book and Journal Club, 
 Osler Hall, January 13, 1920.] Bull. Med. ¢ Chir. Fac. Maryland, 
 1920, xii, 62-65. 
 
 Ruttan, R. F. Student reminiscences—Montreal period. Internat. Assoc. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 182. 
 
 Schmidt, A. Osler reminiscences—Montreal period. Internat. Assoc. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 183. 
 
 S., D. M. (Pseud.) An examination paper on Osler. (4th Edition). 
 St. Thomas’ Hosp. Gaz., Lond., 1902, (written by Dudgeon, Mav- 
 rogordato, and Scott). 
 
 (Also, privately reprinted by William Osler, 1902, with some addi- 
 tions). 
 
 Also, Am. Med., Philadelphia, 1902, iii, 723-724. 
 
 Also, Boston, M. & S. J., 1902, exlvi, 449. 
 
 Shattuck, F. C. A vigorous medical septuagenarian. Boston M. & 8. Jd., 
 1919, elxxxi, 46. 
 
 Address made to the Alsculapian Society, January, 1920. Boston 
 M. & S. J., 1921, elxxxv, 103-107. 
 
 Shepherd, F. J. Dr. Osler in Montreal: student and teacher. In booklet 
 about dinner to Osler at New York, 1905, (See Anonymous under 
 vear 1905), pp. 6-8. 
 
 The late Sir William Osler. McGill News, Montreal, 1919-20, i, 25-26. 
 Sir William Osler, Bart. Canad. M. Ass. J., 1920, x, 97-101; Ibid., 
 Special Osler Memorial Number, 1920, July, 19-23. 
 
 Osler at McGill, 1870-1884. Canad. J. M. & S., 1920, xlvii, 146-150. 
 [Address on Osler’s Montreal period, delivered at the Osler memorial 
 meeting of the New York Academy of Medicine, February, 1920. ] 
 
 N. York M. J., 1920, exi, 920-921. . 
 Also. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull, Special 
 
 Number, 1926, ix, 153. : 
 Always an optimist. Am. Med., 1921, xvi, n. S., 
 
 Osler Memorial 
 
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 624 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WRITINGS ABOUT OSLER 
 
 Sherrington, Sir Chas. S. [A tribute to the memory of Sir William 
 Osler.] Brit. M. J., 1920, i, 65. 
 
 Singer, Charles. [A tribute to the memory of Sir William Osler.] Brit. 
 M. J., 1920, i, 31-32. 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Buli., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, 1926, ix, 360. 
 
 Smith, Edward Weir. Student reminiscences—Montreal period. Inter-_ 
 
 nat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special OsleX Memorial Number, 1926, 
 ix, 184. 
 
 Smith, Laura E. Osler reminiscences: Library New York Academy of 
 Medicine. Bull. Med. Library Ass., 1919, ix, 6-7. 
 
 Spencer, Tillie M. From Dr. Osler’s first probationer. Internat. Assoc. 
 Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 308. 
 Smith, Tunstall. Sir William Osler. Municip. J., Baltimore, 1920, viii, 1. 
 
 Stampa, 8. Sir William Osler. J. M. Ass., Georgia, 1921, x, 548-550. 
 
 Stevens, W. Mitchell. [A tribute to the memory of Sir William Osler. ] 
 Brit. M. J., 1920, i, 67. 
 
 Stewart, GD. Eulogy of the personality of the late Sir William 
 Osler. N. York M. J., 1920, exi, 920. 
 
 Stokes, Hugh. William Osler. Bull. of Fellowship of Med. & Post. Gradw 
 ate Med. Ass., 1920, Jan. 3, 1-2. [Unsigned.] 
 
 Streeter, E. C. [Remarks at Osler memorial meeting, N. Y. Academy of 
 Medicine, Feb. 28, 1920.] N. York M. J., 1920, exi, 922-923. 
 Osler as a bibliophile. Boston M. & S. J., 1920, elxxxii, 335-338. 
 Impromptu in a library. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special 
 Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 393. 
 
 Strong, Rt. Rev. Sir Thomas. [A tribute to the memory of Sir William 
 Osler.] Brit. M. J., 1920, i, 64-65. 
 
 Sudhoff, Karl. Sir William Osler. Mitt. 2. Gesch. d. Med. u. d. Naturw., 
 1920, xix, 106-107. 
 Osler und die Geschichte der Medizin. Internat. Assoc Med. Mus. 
 Bull., Speciad Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 28. 
 
 Symonds, Rev. H. Memorial sermon to the late Sir William Osler, 
 Bart., M.D., F.R.S. Canad. M. Ass. J., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, July, 1920, 9-18. 
 
 Thayer, W. S. Osler, the teacher. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1919, xxx, 
 198-200. 
 Osler. (Poem). Ibid., 200. 
 Also, Internat. Assoc., Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Num- 
 ber, 1926, ix, xxxiv. 
 [Remarks at the Osler memorial meeting, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 
 March 21, 1920.] Johns Hopkins Alumni Mag., 1921, ix, 311. 
 Osler. The Nation, 1920, ex, 104-106. 
 
 Also, (with additions). Bull. Med. § Chir. Fac. Maryland, 1920, xii, 
 72-78. 
 
 Also, (with additions), Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special 
 Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 286. 
 
 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WRITINGS ABouT OSLER 625 
 
 Thomson, Arthur, [A tribute to the memory of Sir William Osler.] 
 Brit. M. J., 1920, i, 32-33. 
 
 Thomas, Henry M. Some memories of the development of the medical 
 school and of Osler’s advent. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1919, 
 xxx, 185-189. 
 
 Ticknor, Caroline. Sir William Osler and the thirteen pensioners of 
 Ewelme. Soribner’s Mag., April, 1925, 425. 
 
 Todd, J. L. Osler as naturalist. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., 
 Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 149. 
 
 Toulmin, Harry. Student reminiscences—Philadelphia and Baltimore 
 periods. Internat, Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, 1926, ix, 229. 
 
 Vander Veer, Albert. William Osler, M.D. Personal reminiscences, (with 
 editorial introduction). Charlotte M. J., 1920, lxxxi, 137-139. 
 
 Van Dyke, Henry. The personality in the profession. Johns Hopkins 
 Alumni Mag., 1921, ix, 296-301. 
 
 Viets, Henry. Glimpses of Osler during the war. Internat. Assoc. Med. 
 Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 402. 
 
 
 
 Walsh, James J. A genius for friendship. Am. Med., 1921, xvi, ns., 
 14-15. 
 The Osler dinner. Med. Notes § Queries, 1905, i, 78-79. 
 Warren, Sir Herbert. In memoriam. The Guardian, 1920, Jan. 8. 
 Warthin, A. S. Osler and the International Association of Medical 
 
 Museums. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memortal 
 Number, 1926, ix, 7. 
 
 Webb, D. A. Sir William Osler. Ann. Med. Hist., 1921, iti, 45-49. 
 
 Weber, Parkes. Personal reminiscence. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull, 
 Specia’ Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 360. 
 
 Welch, William H. Dr. Osler in Baltimore: teacher and consultant. 
 In booklet about dinner to Osler at New York, 1905, (see Anonymous 
 under year 1905, 13-18.) 
 
 William Osler. The Survey, N.Y., 1920, xliii, 389. 
 
 [Remarks at Osler memorial meeting, Johns Hopkins Hospital, March 
 22, 1920.] Johns Hopkins Alumni Mag., 1920, ix, 302-311. 
 [Remarks at Osler memorial meeting, N. Y., Academy of Medicine, 
 Feb. 28, 1920.] WN. ¥. M. J., 1920, exi, 923-924. 
 
 Foreword. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorval 
 Number, 1926, ix, 1. 
 
 Physician and humanist. Saturday Review, N. Y., Nov. 21, 1925, 
 309-310. (Book-review of Cushing’s Life.) 
 
 Wenckebach, K. F. Sir William Osler, Bart. Wien. klin. Wehnschr., 1920, 
 Xxxili, 198. 
 
 Whitnall, S. E., and Hart, B. Sir William Osler and Oxford. Canad. M. 
 Ass. J. Special Osler Memorial Number, 1920, July, 66-69. (Signed 
 ‘‘Two Oxford Friends’’). 
 
 Willey, D. A. Osler. Critic, N. Y., 1905, xlvi, 411-415. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 626 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Writincs ABOUT OSLER 
 
 Wiliams, G. Huntington, Osler and the ‘‘ Fixed Period.’’ Murray Print- 
 ing Co., Toronto, 1926, pp. 8. 
 
 Williamson, J. Physician authors. William Osler. N. York M. J., 1922, 
 exv, 164. 
 
 Wishart, D. J. G. Osler from the standpoint of the undergraduate, 
 Canad. Pract., 1922, xlvii, 242-243. 
 
 Also, Internat. Assoc, Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Num- 
 ber, 1926, ix, 176. 
 
 Wilson, J. C. Aulus Cornelius Celsus and some remarks concerning rare 
 editions of old books and medical libraries. Bull. Med Isb. Ass., 
 1913-14, n.s. 3, No. i, 1-10. 
 
 Dr. Osler in Philadelphia: teacher and clinician. In booklet about 
 Dinner to Osler in New York, 1905, (see Anonymous under year 
 1905, 9-13.) 
 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial 
 Number, 1926, ix, 243. 
 
 Winter, Francis A. Sir William Osler and the American medical officer. 
 Contributions to Med. & Biol. Research, N. Y., 1919, Paul B. Hoeber, 
 Vol. ii, 1267-1268. 
 
 Also, Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Num- 
 ber, 1926, ix, 391. 
 
 Some recollections of Sir William Osler during the war. Mil. 
 Surgeon, 1920, xlvi, 682-684. 
 
 Wood, Alfred C. Personal reminiscence. Internat. Assoc. Med, Mus. Bull., 
 Special Osler Memorial Number, 1925, ix, 231. 
 
 Wood, Casey A. Student reminiscences—Montreal period. Internat. 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 178. 
 
 Woodhead, Sir German Sims. Sir William Osler. Ibid., 33. 
 
 Woods, Hiram. [Dr. Osler’s] influence in building up the medical and 
 chirurgical faculty. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bult., 1919, xxx, 209-211. 
 Also, Bull. Med. § Chir. Fac. Maryland, 1919-20, xii, 2-5. 
 
 Wright, Adam H. Sir William Osler, Bart. Canad. Pract. & Rev., 1920, 
 xly, 58-59. 
 Wright, H. P., see Abbott, M. E. and Wright, H. P. 
 
 Wu Lien-Teh. Reminiscences of Sir William Osler in England. Internat. 
 Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 388. 
 
 Wylde, C. F. The housing of the Osler collection in the Medical Building, 
 McGill University. Internat. Assoc. Med. Mus. Bull., Special Osler 
 Memorial Number, 1926, ix, 462. 
 
 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS TO THE PUBLICATION FUND 
 
 The Sir Wilham Osler Memorial Volumes of the Interna- 
 tional Association of Medical Museums have been published by 
 advanee subscription, with the aid of a publication fund in- 
 augurated by a grant of $500 from the National Research Council 
 of Washington and generous initial contributions from the late 
 Sir EpMUND OSLER and the late Hon. Mr. Justice FEATHERSTONE 
 OstER, Toronto; Mrs. Rost. Rerorp and the late ALEXANDER 
 McFer, Esq., Montreal; J. J. Carty, Esq., and Dr. EK, Lipman, 
 New York; the late R. B. Angus, Esq., the late Sim THomaAs 
 Roppick, Proressors F. J. SHEPHERD, WILLIAM GARDNER, 
 CHARLES F. Martin, W. W. Cuipman, H. 8S. Birkett, F. G. 
 Finutey, W. F. Hamitton and H. D. Hamiuton, Montreal; Pro- 
 ressors Howarp Keuuy, L. F. Barker, W. 8S. THAYER and 
 WituiAm H. Weucnu, Baltimore; Dr. Rurus Cote, New York; 
 Dr. Epear L. Gimcreest, San Francisco; Proressors THOMAS 
 McCrag, E. J. G. Bearpstey and Joun G. CuarkeE, Philadelphia ; 
 Proressor Gro. W. Crite, Cleveland; and Dr. INGERSOLL 
 Otmstep, Hamilton; and augmented by additional eontribu- 
 tions from the following: 
 
 Apporr, Dr. A. C., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 
 Asspotr, Dr. M. E., McGill University, Montreal. 
 
 Apami, Dr. J. G., University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England. 
 ARCHIBALD, Dr. E. W., MeGill University, Montreal. 
 
 ARMSTRONG, Dr. GEO. E., 320 Mountain Street, Montreal. 
 ASKANAZY, Dr. Max, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. 
 Bab, Dr. JAMES Moorss, 4500 Olive Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
 BaNnTING, Dr. F. G., University of Toronto, Toronto. 
 
 BaraGcarR, Dr. A. C., Hospital for Mental Diseases, Brandon, Man. 
 BaRLow, Sir THOMAS, 10 Wimpole Street, London, England. 
 Barr, Sm James, Aigberth Vale, Liverpool, England. 
 
 BARNWELL, Dr. JOHN B., 32 South 22nd Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Bazin, Dr. A. T., Medical Arts Building, Montreal. 
 
 Beatriz, Dr. W. W., 309 Stanley Street, Montreal, Que. 
 
 Bett, Dr. A. ELMER, 722 Pacific Mutual Building, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 Brest, Dr. ExprwwcEe F., 384 Post Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
 BHATIA, Dr. 8. L., Grant Medical College, Bombay, India. 
 
 627 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 List OF SUBSCRIBERS 
 
 BIERRING, Dr. WALTER M., Bankers Trust Building, Des Moines, Iowa. 
 BisHop, Miss MARGARET, 4800 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 BLACKADER, Dr. A. D., 581 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Que. 
 BLUMER, Dr. GreorGE, 841 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Boies, Dr. RuSSELL S., 1711 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 BRAMWELL, Dr. EpwIn, 23, Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh, Scotland. 
 BRANCH, Dr. ARNOLD, Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute, New York. 
 Brown, Dr. ALAN, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont. 
 Brown, Dr. Gro. A., 614 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal. 
 Brown, Dr. Lawrason, Saranac Lake, N.Y. 
 
 Brown, Dr. THos. R., 17 West Biddle Street, Baltimore, Md. 
 Bruce, Dr. HERBERT A., 64 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ont. 
 BuntTinG, Dr. C. H., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 
 Burgess, Dr. H. C., 118 Crescent Street, Montreal, Que. 
 
 Burr, Dr. CHARLES W., 1918 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 BurLer, Dr. MarGarer F., 1831 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Byers, Dr. W. G. M., 346 Mountain Street, Montreal, Que. 
 
 Camac, Dr. C. N. B., 76 East 56th Street, New York, N.Y. 
 CAMERON, IrvING H., Esq@., 307 Sherbourne Street, Toronto, Ont. 
 CAMPBELL, Dr. G. GorDON, 123 Crescent Street, Montreal, 
 
 Campos, Dr. ERNESTO DE Souza, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 
 
 Carson, Dr. Wm. J., University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md. 
 CHRISTELLER, Dr. ERWIN, Kaiserdamm 64, Berlin, Germany. 
 
 CoLuieR, Dr. WILLIAM, 48 Woodstock Road, Oxford, England. 
 
 ConE, Dr. CLARIBEL, 1701 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 CoupaL, Magor JAMES F., Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C. 
 Craic, Dr. Rost. H., 570 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal. 
 
 CrouL, L. DuncAN, Es@., 304 Prince Arthur Street W., Montreal, Que. 
 Crowk, Dr. 8. J., 4332 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Md. 
 Crowk, Dr. Norau, Kingsclere, Preston Park, Brighton, England. 
 CROWELL, Dr. B. C., Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Davison, Dr. WinBuRT C., Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. 
 DE JoNG, PRor. DE JOSSELIN, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Holland. 
 DELAVAN, Dr. Bryson, 40 East 41st Street, New York, N.Y. 
 DercuM, Dr. Francis X., 1719 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Doang, Dr. Joseru C., Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Dock, Dr. GrorGce, Chamber of Commerce Building, Pasadena, Cal. 
 DoNALDSON, Dr. Ropert, St. George’s Hospital, London, England. 
 Downs, Dr. CHESTER A., Masonic Temple, Salem, Oregon. 
 DRUMMOND, LADY, 216 Drummond Street, Montreal, Que. 
 
 ExuiortT, Dr. J. H., 11 Spadina Road, Toronto, Ont. 
 
 Euuis, Dr. A. G., Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Siam. 
 
 EMERSON, Dr. CHARLES P., 602 Hume Mansus Bldg., Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Ewinc, Dr. JAMES, Cornell University Medical School, New York. 
 Fincu, Drs. E. anp F., 55 Wilkinson Street, Sheffield, England. 
 
 
 
List or SUBSCRIBERS 629 
 
 FLACK, Miss AGNES, 2121 North College Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 FLETCHER, Dr. H. Morey, 98 Harley Street, London, England. 
 FouceEr, Pror. A. I*., Royal High School, Copenhagen, Denmark, 
 FREEMANTLE, Cou. F. E., Bedwell Park, Herts, England. 
 
 FRENCH, Dr. HERBERT, 62 Wimpole Street, London, England. 
 FRIEDENWALD, Dr. JULIUS, 1013 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Md. 
 FuTcHer, Dr. THomMAS B., Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. 
 GARRISON, Dr. FIELDING H., Army Medical Museum, Washington, D.C. 
 GARROD, SiR ARCHIBALD E., 85 Banbury Road, Oxford, England. 
 Gipson, Dr. A. G., 87 Banbury Road, Oxford, England. 
 
 GOLDBLATT, Dr. HARRY, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. 
 GoLDBLOOM, Dr. ALTON, 143 Crescent Street, Montreal, Que. 
 GoLTMAN, Dr. Max, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 Gorpon, Dr. A. H., Medical Arts Building, Montreal, Que. 
 
 GRAHAM, Dr. J. M., 6 Castle Terrace, Edinburgh, Scotland. 
 
 GRAVES, Dr. Stuart, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky. 
 GREEN, Dr. JAMES R., 122 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Il. 
 Gurp, Dr. D. F., 124 Bishop Street, Montreal, Que. 
 
 Gwyn, Dr. N. B., 48 Bloor Street East, Toronto, Ont. 
 
 Hau, Dr. de HaviLAND, 57 Waldegrove Park, Twickenham, England. 
 HAMBURGER, Dr. Louis, 1207 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Hare, Dr. H. A., 1801 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Harris, Dr. NorMAN Macl., 53 McLaren Street, Ottawa, Ont. 
 Haytuorn, Dr. S. R., University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 HENDERSON, Dr. GEorGE DALLAS, 312 Maple Street, Holyoke, Mass. 
 Henry, Dr. Lypra 8., Hillcrest Apts., Cote des Neiges, Montreal, Que. 
 Hersert, Mrs. Epwarp, 969 New Boston Road, Fall River, Mass. 
 HILLYER, Miss Marion, 1703 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Hogeser, Pavt B., Esq., 67 East 59th Street, New York, N.Y. 
 Howarp, Dr. A. C. P., Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Que. 
 Howk, Dr. Horace J., Mt. McGregor, N. 7 
 
 HunneEr, Dr. Guy L., 2305 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, Md. 
 HURRELL, Dr. Georce, Newcastle-on-Tyne, England. 
 
 Hurst, Dr. ARTHUR F., Windsor Forest, Berks, England. 
 Hutcutson, Dr. J. A., 354 Mackay Street, Montreal, Que. 
 
 Jackson, Dr. Henry, 380 Marlborough Street, Boston, Mass. 
 Jacoss, Dr. H. Barton, 11 Mount Vernon Place, Baltimore, Md. 
 Jacospson, Dr. Victor C., Albany Hospital, Albany, N.Y. 
 
 JoHAN, Dr. Bexa, 1 Kelenhegiji’ut 33, Budapest, Hungary. 
 JouHNSTON, H. Wyatt, EsqQ., 25 Bellingham Road, Outremont, Que. 
 Jupau, E. L., Esq., Medical Museum, McGill University, Montreal, _ 
 KARSNER, Dr. Howarp T., Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. 
 KARSTED, Dr. ALFRED, 209 Metals Bank Building, Butte, Mo. 
 KAUFMANN, Dr. JOSEPH, 124 Crescent Street, Montreal, Que. 
 
 Kurss, Dr. ARNOLD C., Les Terrasses, Nyon, Switzerland. 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 List OF SUBSCRIBERS 
 
 KLINE, Dr. B. 8., 3319 Greenway Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 KouMER, Dr. JOHN A., 2101 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Knorr, Dr. 8. A., 16 West 95th Street, New York, N.Y. 
 
 KRUMBHAAR, Dr. E. B., Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia. 
 
 LAFLEUR, Dr. H. A., 67 Ontario Avenue, Montreal, Que. 
 
 LARSEN, Dr. NELS P., Queen’s Hospital, Honolulu, T.R. 
 
 LAWFORD, Dr. J. B., 27 Weymouth Street, London, England. 
 
 LEVINE, Dr. 8S. A., 270 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Lewis, Dr. D. ScuateR, 166 Crescent Street, Montreal. 
 
 Lewis, Dr. Morris J., 1316 Locust Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 LunaM, Dr. H., Campbellton, N.B. 
 
 MacKENzIE, Dr. K. A., 69 Spring Garden Road, Halifax, N.S. 
 
 MacNEAL, Dr. W. J., 82 Rockrose Place, Forest Hills, N.Y. 
 
 MacNipER, Dr. WILLIAM DEB., University of North Carolina, Chapel 
 Mill, N.C. 
 
 Masor, Dr. R. H., Bell Memorial Hospital, Kansas City, Kan. 
 
 Mauuory, Dr. F. B., Boston City Hospital, Boston, Mass. 
 
 MALONE, Dr. R. H., Bombay Bacteriological Laboratory, Parel, 
 Bombay, India. 
 
 MANDLEBAUM, Dr. F. S., Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, N.Y. 
 
 MARSHALL, Dr. Harry T., University of Virginia, University, Va. 
 
 MARTINDALE, Dr. Louisa, 28 Weymouth Street, London, England. 
 
 McComBE, Dr. JoHN, St. Catharines, Ont. 
 
 MoKENZIE, Dr. R. Tart, 2014 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 McLatcuigz, Dr. Lota, Woman’s Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 McLEAN, K. §., Esq., 464 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Que. 
 
 McLENNAN, Hon. Joun S., 50 Ontario Avenue, Montreal, Que. 
 
 MEAKINS, Dr. J. C., Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Que. 
 
 MEREDITH, Miss L. OREM, Woman’s Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 MEYER, Dr. Witty, 700 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 
 
 MILLER, Dr. C. H., Pennsylvania Park, Exeter, England. 
 
 MILLER, Dr. JosEePH L., 122 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Ill. 
 
 MILLER, Dr. Rost, T., Jr., 203 Highfield Road, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 MorriTt, Dr. H. C., 384 Post Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 MuLLIN, Dr. J. HEURNER, 201 South James Street, Hamilton, Ont. 
 
 * MULLIN, Dr. Rost. HyNDHAM, Vancouver, B.C. 
 
 Murray, Dr. ARCHIBALD, 335 Henry Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. 
 Morray, Dr. GrorcE R., 13 St. John Street, Manchester, England. 
 MuSsSEN, Dr. AuBREY T., Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. 
 Napoir, Dr. Y. G., Grant Medical College, Bombay, India. 
 NIcHOLLS, Dr. A. G., Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. 
 Norris, Dr. CHARLES, 344 West 72nd Street, New York, N.Y. 
 OpHuULs, Dr. WitL1AM, Lane Hospital, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Oprrz, Dr. EuGENE L., Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 * Deceased. 
 
 
 
List oF SUBSCRIBERS 631 
 
 OWENS, DR. MARGARET, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Que. 
 
 ParFiTT, Dr. C. D., Calydor Sanitarium, Gravenhurst, Ont. 
 
 PATERSON, Dr. Donaup H., 48 Queen Anne Street, London, England. 
 
 PAULLI, Pror. SIMON, Veterinary High School, Copenhagen, Denmark. 
 
 PEIRCE, HAROLD, Esq., 222 Drexel Building, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Pork, Dr. EMMA W., Fitzhugh Building, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 PovuJoL, Pror., Faculté de Médicine, University of Algeria, Algiers. 
 
 Pratt, Dr. JOSEPH, 270 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Mass. 
 
 PREssLy, Dr. MAuDE, Harrisburg Hospital, Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 PRIMROSE, DR. ALEXANDER, Dean of the Medical Faculty, University of 
 Toronto, Ont. 
 
 REDPATH, Mrs. JOHN R., 369 Sunrise Avenue, Victoria, B.C. 
 
 RerorD, Dr. Lewis L., 287 Drummond Street, Montreal, Que. 
 
 REILLY, Dr. W. G., 151 Drummond Street, Montreal. 
 
 RHEA, Dr. L. J., Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Que. 
 
 Ross, Dr. Hunter, 55 Beacon Street, Winchester, Mass. 
 
 Roperts, Dr. STewArT R., 20 Ponce de Lion Avenue, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Roperts, Dr. Tuos. 8., Zoological Museum, University of Minnesota, 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 ROBERTSON, MiSs GRACE, 263 Bishop Street, Montreal. 
 
 Ropertson, Dr. H. E., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 
 
 RoBERTSON, Miss JESSIE, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal. 
 
 RoBertson, Mrs. JoHN STEWART, 263 Bishop Street, Montreal. 
 
 Rosinson, Dr. J. L., 127 Westmount Avenue, Toronto, Ont. 
 
 RoLLESTON, Sir Humpury, Southfield, Trumpington Road, Cambridge, 
 England. 
 
 ROSENCRANTZ, Dr. ESTHER, University of California, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 RowNTREE, Dr. LEONARD G., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 
 
 Royce, Dr. ChaytTon E., St. Luke’s Hospital, Bethlehem, Pa. 
 
 SaBIN, DR. FLORENCE, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Scorr, Dr. Haroip, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, 
 London, England. 
 
 Scrimcer, Dr. F. A. C., Medical Arts Building, Montreal. 
 
 SEGALL, Dr. Haroup N., University College Hospital, Gower Street, 
 London, England. 
 
 Suarruck, Dr. F. C., 135 Marlborough Street, Boston, Mass. 
 
 SHANKS, Dr. GEorGE, Medical College, Calcutta, India. 
 
 SLack, Dr. Harry R., Jr., 1100 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 SmirH, Dr. A. J., University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. 
 
 SmirH, Dr. E. WEIR, 199 West Main Street, Meriden, Conn. 
 
 Smiru, Dr. HueH H., 520 North Broadway, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 SmiruHies, Dr. FRANK, 1020 Ardmore Avenue, Chicago, Il. 
 
 Srarr, Dr. F. N. G., 112 College Street, Toronto, Ont. 
 
 SrockTon, Dr. CHARLES G., 436 Franklin Street, Buffalo, N.Y. 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 632 
 
 
 
 List OF SUBSCRIBERS 
 
 Srrouss, Dr. Sou, 104 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IIl. 
 
 TALLEY, Dr. Jas. E., 1811 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 THIN, Dr. JAMES, 55 South Bridge, Edinburgh, Scotland. 
 
 THOMSON, Dr. JOHN, 14 Coates Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland. 
 
 Tipy, Dr. H. LETHEBY, 39 Devonshire Place, London, England. 
 
 Topp, Dr. Joun L., McGill University, Montreal, Que. 
 
 TouLMIN, Dr. Harry S., Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co., Philadelphia, 
 
 TURNBULL, Dr. HusBerT M., Pathological Institute, London Hospital, 
 Whitechapel, London, England. 
 
 TURNER, Dr. G. GREY, The Hawthornes, Osborne Road, Newcastle-on- 
 Tyne, England. 
 
 Tyson, Dr. CoRNELIUS, 270 Park Avenue, New York. 
 
 Vreonp, Dr. CuHas. W., 516 Dorchester Street West, Montreal. 
 
 WarTHIN, Dr. A. S., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 WEBER, Dr. F. PARKES, 13 Harley Street, London, England. 
 
 WEIss, Dr. Epwarp, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 WELLS, Dr. H. GmEON, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il. 
 
 Wuitr, Dr. Pau D., Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. 
 
 WituiAMs, Dr. Francis H., 508 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 
 
 WILLIAMS, Dr. HuntTiIneTon, New York State Department of Health, 
 Albany, N.Y. 
 
 Witson, Dr. James C., 1509 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Winson, Miss MarcareT B., Hunter College, New York. 
 
 Wo.rsoun, Dr. Junius, 1800 Gough Street, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 WouMAN, Dr. SAMUEL, 2444 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Woop, Dr. Casry A., 201 Chestnut Street, Wilmington, S.C. 
 
 Youna, Dr. Hueu, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Davis, Dr. JAMES E., Detroit Medical College, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Lusk, Dr. GRAHAM, 1030 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 
 
ES, 
 
 ADDENDA 633 
 
 ADDENDA 
 The following is a list of subscribers to the Publication 
 Fund whose subscriptions were received too late for inclusion 
 in the larger list: 
 
 
 
 WEBSTER, Dr. J. CLARENCE, Shediac, N.B. 
 
 COLLEDGE, Dr. LIONEL, 2 Upper Wimpole St., W.1, London, England. 
 CRUIKSHANK, Dr. W. D., American Press, Beirut, Syria. 
 
 Davis, Dr. JAMES E., Detroit Medical College, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Foot, Dr. N. C., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 GIRDLESTONE, Dr. G. R., Old Road, Headington, Oxford, England 
 GULLEN, Dr. A. GORDON, 37 Rodney St., Liverpool, England. 
 
 Hyper, Dr. CLARENCE L., Springfield Lake Sanitarium, Akron, Ohio. 
 JONES, Dr. NOBLE W., Stevens Building, Portland, Oregon. 
 
 JONES, Sik ROBERT, 11 Nelson St., Liverpool, England. 
 
 LAMBERT, Dr. SAMUEL W., 130 E. 35th Street, New York. 
 
 Lusk, Dr. GRAHAM, 1030 5th Avenue, New York. 
 
 McKean, Dr. RicHarD M., 1515 David Whitney Bldg., Detroit, Mich. 
 MILES, Dr. WALTER R., Stanford University, Cal. 
 
 Morris, Dr. Rocer §., Cincinnati General Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 MorkisH, Dr. W. J., 32 Thrale Road, Streatham, 8.W.16, London, Eng. 
 PAPPENHEIMER, Dr. ALVIN M., Hartsdale, N.Y. 
 
 Power, Sir D’Arcy, 10 Chandos Street, Cavendish Sq., London, Eng. 
 Prick, Dr. F. W., 133 Harley Street, W., London, England. 
 
 QUESNEL, Dr. ULRICH, University of Upsala, Upsala, Sweden. 
 REYNELL, Dr. G. R., 26 Nottingham Place, London, W.1, England. 
 RoBINSON, Dr. G. 8., 15 Esplanade West, Sunderland, England. 
 SABRAZES, Dr. J., 50, rue Ferrere, Bordeaux, France, 
 
 Sampson, Dr. JoHN A., 180 Washington Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. 
 SmiTH, Dr. LAWRENCE WELD, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. 
 STEPHENS, Dr. J. W., School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, England. 
 STEWART, Dr. M. J., The Medical School, Leeds, England. 
 
 Tracy, Dr. Ira O., 181 Hancock Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. 
 
 WELLER, Dr. CARL V., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 WINNE, Dr. CuAs. K., JR., 151 Chestnut Street, Albany, N.Y. 
 
 ERRATA 
 
 Page 453, Footnote, precede by asterik and transfer to page 454. 
 Page 588, Footnote should read: See footnote on pages 591-592. 
 Page 629, Seventeenth line should read ‘‘Greer’’ instead of ‘‘Green’’. 
 
 
 
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