FROM THE Eaft-India Company OF THE provinces , TO THE Tartar Cham EMPEROUR OF N A, Delivered by their Excell cics PETER De GOYER, and JACOB De KEYZER, At his Imperial City of ■ EKING. WHEREIN The CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, PORTS, RIVERS, &c. In their PafTages from CANTON to PEKING, Are Ingenioufly Defcribed by Mr. JOHN NIEV HOF F, Steward to the AMBASSADOURS. ALSO An Epiftle of Father JOHN ADA MS their Antagonifl; , concerning the whole Negotiation. WITH An Appendix of feveral Remarks taken out of Father ATHANASIVS K1RC HER. EneliCbed and fet forth with their feveral Sculptures, by JOHN OCILBT , Efq* Mafter of his Majeftics Revels in the Kingdom of Ireland. LONDON, Printed by John Macoc\ for the Author, MDCLXIX. AR.LES R. I F^ctiSS ° f De°rS *7/ E "§'M ^ • /mw a/ tbe F A&c. quality foever, within J Q J r T^" " vreetinq. WljprpAc f n g aoms and Dominions' Trufly and Welle loved Servant jo hh O h ” mble J- e M of Our racioufly pleafed by Our Warrant of the ^ VfM E fv<‘ r ?,We were Tear of Our Reign , to gram bimlhe Cole' fifteenth fw- »»*. ■*%> rZfir^i'T’ v "s il fag through Our City of London W r„ E " fertainmenc » Prf merV Odyfr es ,and hit fore-mentioned wV^Tl’ *° getber m,h notations in Folio, with a Prohibition tl P ^h hts Additions and An- thefame * nan y V olumes, without the Co r° ne J J °V Print or Re-print the faid John Ogiiby , his Hein f/V J ft robation of him, the term of Fifteen rim neVel^TV ’ 7 ^ whereas the faid John Ofnlhv 17 ? ate f Off "d Warrant ; him farther Licence and dutboruy^lo ^have ^the^fol ^ ,0 grant tng Hornet's Works i„ the Original AF a °f ColleBion of Mop's Fables Araphrac/^Vjj^ Scu . l t twes A Second the Embafy ofthe NeatherJand mth Scit ^tures, of China with » ‘he Empero ur Sculptures , heretofore by him Printed: JVe ° — ^nghtb without Confideration,and for his farther Inrm ta fy n g tt into Our Princely and We do hereby give and grant himthen'v 1Vetbou &h t fit to grant, fa,d Boo{s : and We do by tWePrZ, ^.^7^ f the forbid all our Subje&s to Print or Re DrinttVf A VV’ t rohihit *nd or any of them, or to Copy or Coumerfen amthf^ an -> F T olume *, tnents therein , within the term of Filter T Sculptures or Ingrave- thefe Prefen, . without he Con/ ?T ”T* Date of <%Nby, L 4 rfo-tf .Ufa jJ fi offending will an ’fwer the root $ gn ?\ as t }e y an J every of them ^Wardens g and Confany^of Statioliers “IfOur CdvoFI^^A By his MAJES TIE’S Command, Arlington. wm , •• > V. • • . • » v fj • > ' • i > ■ • - ; \ -. . t • ' , v V , * r -> l -h. • • I H • • 19 II' . ■> i- Sj . - \ * ■ • * . . A\ ^ : . l \Vi . » V , ‘ - ? : ‘.•x \ r « : . \V> "* r k ' • V . . * CV f' ‘J ' •'• c. ' A ’ £ V 'V /- . i ' ' . <* ; - ' r 4 * \ ~ 'A - *• ' ■ XS .f. *• . > *f i > :'A > > s i ■ • . . . &Mr- ■ , 13 ‘ • ' : \ * W * \w s' ' ' *t f 1 \ . •• V i\5 V • v T • ^ t r< • ; • 'vvAA.'tV..', ... v . ^ ' i t tt f ’> |V ; . • . .(. A \ * ' + V • * • > . A N EXACT RELAT ION OF THE Embassy font by the Eaft -India- Company Of T H E UNITED PROVINCES, TO THE GrandTartar C H A M, * O R EMPEROUR O F H I N Delivered at P E K I $ G? the Imperial City, txc. waagafev--- 1 HE Laetddimoniam were a People, who by their Laws and Cuftoms were ftri&ly prohibited from Travelling out of their own Countrcy ; left fo degenerating in manners (as they fuppofed) they might tall into a more loofe and irregular courfe of life,and by the ac- quaintance of the various Modes of feveral Forein Nations, flight the ftridnefs of their own feverer Efta- blifhments. Neither would they permit that any Strangers {hould refide amongft them, left they by Converfation fhould be imbu'd with them novelties and opinions. Which more to lengthen ; What C.ttzen not educate his Children according to their own fetled Laws, was imn e lly nounced incapable of the priviledges belonging to lus Countrey 8 had this Nation to them Native foil, and fuch the averf, on engrafted m themho^ The fevere LaWs of the Laciismom* arts. he Embassy their very Cradles , to Forein Parts , that a Youth only once afldng the way to Pika by order of the Magiftracy, fufterd condign punifhment prefently upon the fpot. But thefe feverer wayes and ftarch’d formalities were, both by the other Greek s and the Roman's, utterly exploded, who knowing better things, readily indulged licence to Travell where they might beft improve either Wealth, Literature, or Obfervation. And alfo we find by their moft ancient and accurate Writers, that they neither fpa- red coft, ftudy, nor pains, to bercpleniflied with remote and tranfmarine Imbelifh- ments both of Arts, Science, and Induftry. . When the Emperour Trajan after the Parthian war, bulled himfelf in a Philofophi- cal inquifition, concerning the wonders ofthe Deep, arid occult mture of th^Ocear^ a fudden Storm happening, hurried him from Coafting far into the Offtn^ -where he beheld a Fleet Banding for Itidi'a [ wlicrebfBeing informed, he fetching a deep figh,faid, Ah that I were young agai^ and couldjefume ny former vigour, then would I vik thofe diftaht Regions, and penetrate the Avenues of the Oriental JPwU. L ? ■' • 3 id . King Mithridates, who after a long Cqnteft yith the Romans, having re-fetlcd him- felf in his Throne, refolvcd not only of the well-managing of affairs at home, but ofthe enlarging of bis Dominions abroad ; whereupon he n(ac{e himfelf Maiffer (of which not any Prince had done before) ofthe Neighbouring Scythians, who had never till then been abfoiutely fubdued. This grekt Work finiftfd, and fo mighty a Nation brought under,- he divert^ himfelf tp Travell ; not only to make q %erficial view of Cities and Situations, Vulgarities and various humors, adherent to feveral Nations * but alfo of their Scholaftick knowledge, a^d Politick Governments; on which ac’ count he paft through all Pontus, Cappadocia , and moft Parts of Alia] Tacitus the Famous Roman Hiftorian, enumerating the many Values of Cenum. cus, fayes. That lie greedy of Knowledge, efpecially of Forein franfaflions, made his our through Greece, Thrace, Afm, and Armenia ; but thus much not fatisfying the curiolity of tins rince, he Voyaged into /Egypt under pretence offetling the Govern “edfS ” 5 UtrMher t0 llaVt 2 viM fP-cuIatiorr of the Antiquitie; Democritus no lets intfuifitive of making fearch beyond his own Home after the Death of h,s Father Damans , parted with a no Unplentifull Patrimony for a farce confiderable fumme to urnifh out the expences of his outward-bound Tr vek “ queft of Science; „who firft addreft himfelfto the Syrian PrSbfnext the Chad arts after to the Cy m #flt in India, from whofe M^azines and the then LtmS', sr mfhed with their feveral obfervations and acquirements. § My fur - nchnadons nolefs vigorous hath of late been obfcrved in Fm«h* K •, fuccefs; who not being bounded by Herculean Bars mfV f , but Wltl > more unmeafured Atlantick that thev iJhr A fofar throu gh C“U then) the extended to the Arliick and AM C S , ’ T r ^ 3 Paradi « Wands that reach atooft the utmoft latitude ^ lth . f ' veral ot ^r Countries and ^ Fab;es ° f ^ ^ the Netherland Eajl-India-Company. the Ancients are not to Hand in any competition with-our Modern Difcoverers who found out in lefs then one Century far more then they in their many thoufand Years Whilelt 1 contemplated the laudable aftions andgreat enterprifcsoffamous Navi" gators, I conceived my felfto be obliged to put in my Mite, and not to conceal feme fpecial remarks, being taken by me with no froall care and pains in a Countrey as liccle known to Europe as any. * After my return from the Weft Indies , where I had fome time remained, my occa- fions invited me from home a contrary courfe to the Eaft Indies ; where not long after my arrival at Bat avia was ordered by the General Maatzuyker, and the honourable Council then refiding there, to fend Peter de Goyer and Jacob Key far as Embafladours with Credentials, and a confiderable train of Attendants, to Peking in China, to the Grand Cham of Tartary , the now Emperour of China , impowering to negotiate con- cerning a Free and Mutual Commerce with them in his Kingdoms and Territories. Whereupon receiving alfo commands to attend this Embafly, I had thrown into my hands (as I conceived) fit opportunity to make a more exaft difcovery of the Genius and Manners of the People, and Cuftoms of the Place, and Countreys fuppofed by all Geographers to be the richeft in the World, and where any Stranger formerly durft never attempt. And herein (without any breach of modefty) I dare boldly affirm, that nothing confiderable dipt my Obfervation relating to my defign, and that efpecially in taking accurate Maps and Sketches, not onely of the Countreys and Towns, but alfo of Beafts, Birds, Fillies, and Plants, and other rarities never divul- ged (as I am informed) heretofore. But now to remove fome Obftru&ions, and fo cleer the way, that Pofterity may not be bereaved of the fruit of thefe my endeavours, I find my felf highly neceflita- ted to relate what palled in this undertaking, with as much candour and brevity as the work may poffibly require. But before I engage my felft it feems alfo not amifs to fee forth briefly the divifion of the CInivcrfal Globe, and likewife the Etymology or Derivation of the word China . , the condition of the Soil, and the extent thereof, and laftly the ten Provinces of the fifteen into which that Country divides it l'elf, and the Towns and Cities through wh i ch we did not pafs . The Terraqueous Globe comprehending Sea and Land, Rivers and Lakes, Hands divided by modern Geographers into two Semi-Orbs, vi{. the Old, and New World. The old contains Europe , Afia, and Africa : the new, America , not much lefs in extent to all thofe vaft Regions difeovered before ; named fo from Americas Veftmtius a Florentine , but indeed firft found out by Cbriflopher Columbus a Genoan, fur- niffied out for fo great an Expedition by Ferdinand and Ifabel King and Queen of Caftile and Aragon, in the Year 1 49 2. But five years after Americas voyaging, made his approches higher into thofe unknown Confines, and fo got by a lucky hit, or fomethintf in his name, the honour of Denomination of the Moiety of the World from the prime Difcoverer, to whom fo great a glory belonged: fince vulgarly cal- led the Weft Indies. , not improperly, the Eaft being by Sea found by us about the fame time. Linder our new World may alfo be compriled thole vaft Southern Coafts and Streiohtso i'Magelan, firft lighted on by Ferdinandus Magelanusm the year 1520, in his Circumnavigation of theUniverfe ; whichforty five years after Sir Francis Drake, and next Sir Thomas Bendifb , Englifhmen, made a further infpeaion into ; and in the The Em b a s s y Afia divided The Name of 4 hint* the Year 1600 Oliver van Noord a Hollander paft, but of later years a Spaniard, Fcrdi - nandde Outer , out-fhot them all by a more ample Difcovery then all the former. Afia (not to make mention of any other Divifions of the World, being imperti- nent to the following Difcourfe) Hands bounded on the North by the Tartaric Sea, on the Eaft with the great Indian Ocean called Em, and on the South with the fame on the Weft with the Arabian Gulph, and the flip of Land fituated betwixt this Gulph and the Mediterranean Sea ; the extent of which from the Hellefpont as far as Mallaffa , the utmoft Town ofTraffick in India, confifts of 1 300 Dutch miles : the breadth from the Arabian Gulph to the Cape of Tabin 1 220 Dutch miles. All Afia, which the Ancients divide into Afia the Great and Afia the Lefs,modern Computors part into five Divifions, Perfia, the Turkifh Empir e,India, (to which they caft in the adjacent Ides) Tartary, and China. What concerns the Name of China, or the further part of Afia, much time and pains have been fpent and taken by feveral Hiftorians both old and new, as alfo by the Natives of the Countrcy and Foreiners, to give the true derivation thereof, and the leveral names by which China has been formerly called, to whom I fhall refer my felf to fatisfie the curiofity of the Reader in this particular. That thefeare the People whom Ptolemy calls Chinefes, both the Conftitution of the Countrey, and the Name by which it is known at this time, may fuffice to prove the truth thereof ; for that which in Spanijh is writ China, in Italian is called Cina, in High Dutch Tfchina, and in Low Dutch and Latin Sina. The difference in the pronuntia- tion of the word China and Sina betwixt us and the Spaniards is not much ; but in re- gard it falls fomewhat hard to thofe people to pronounce the Ch , they therefore make ufe of the Greek. letter The Tartars call this Kingdom Cat ay, and fometimes Man- gin ; but this name rather denotes the Inhabitants themfelves then the Councrey : for Mangin fignifies in their Language a wilde and uncivillized People, and with this word the Tartars often deride the Chinefes. This Country was likewife formerly cal- led Cat ay by Mar civ, Panveelz^ a Venetian, who was the firft Difooverer thereof in parr. But the moft known name by which that Kingdom is called at prefent by thofe of Europe is China. The realon why that Kingdom has been called by fo many feveral names may be fuppofed to be this , from an ancient cuftorn obferved amongft them, that whofoevergers the Soveraignty over them, prefents the Kingdom with a new name according to his pleafure. Amongft the reft we read,tharformerly this further part or Afia, or China, was called Thau, Tu, Tha, Sewn, Chen, as alfo Han ; Thau, which ftgnifies Boundlels broad; Tu, Reft ; 72 > (which by the ^ 1*. and M«». Likewife CWm reaches as far a Cr ",!!/" Z^ 33 a,fo U "> Sr- * nd , '2S Islr' ^ts~— Chi/w is not a little adorned in regard nfil^ ori;^ ., i^- j . i?5o Engiilh violence from without, that the like is hardly to be feen clfLhere ; neithc are there any Ad venoes found leading to this Monarchy, infomuch that thev are fo wed p.ovided and guarded, that it (eems to bea world within it felf, a,;d feeie- ganon from all the reft as well toward the South as the Raft ; and where the Sea borders hath fo many Mauds, Banks, Flatts, and blind Rocks, that it is altoge- ther unfafe to approach China on that fide with any Great Ships of Men of VVar. On the Weft what toward the South, lye the Woods and Hills of/Worx, which are fo thick and high, that it is altogether unpenetrable on that fide, and which feparate C/a/Ha from the next bordering Aha, and the Ieffcr Neighbouring Kingdoms ; al which adds to the Defence and Proteftion of this Empire. To- ward the North and Weft it is alfo fnffidently fecured againft all Invafions, by the Sandy and dry Flatts of Samo, which endanger all Velfels that attempt any land- mg m thole Parts. Laftly, this Kingdom has toward the North a great Wall, which the Family and Branch of Cina built againft the Invafion of the Tartars ^ ftore the Birth of Chrift ; but in what condition this Wall is at pre- fent, and how far it extends, wefliall treat at large in the Defcription of the Pro- vince of Peking. In refpea the Soveraignty over the 15 Kingdoms of this China , belongs at prefent to a Mon^h, the great Cham of Tartary ; I (hall give you an account of the number of all the great and little Cities fituated in all thefe Dominions. Firft of all, they fum up in this whole Empire 145 Capital Ciries, which out-fhine the reft both in Greatnefs and Glory. Under the command of this Emperourare 1331 fmall Cities, amongft which 148 may be compared in Magni- tude, Beauty, and People, with the chief Cities. Beftde thefe, there are 32 great Cities more, which are not fubjeft to any other , yet they muft not bear the name of Capital, though they command over 6 3 fmall Cities. Befide all thefe, there are 3 Cities more for the Officers and Commanders of the Militia to ^..dwelHn. The Forts andCaftlesare 159. befide which 17 great Garrifon Cities, and 66 fmall Garrifon Towns, which arc never without full Companies, and of Souldiers, who are permitted to inhabit promifeuoufly amongft the Burgers. There is no diftinguiffiing by the greatnefs and largenefs of the Cities, the one from the other ; for fome of the fmall ones exceed fome others of the great and prime Cities, both in largenefs, wealth, and people : But according to the worth w and dignity of the Governours, and the priviledges of the place, (he bears the precedency , and is reckoned amongft the chief Cities. No place muft pre- fume to take up the name of a City, but what is Walled in ; for every inferiour Town or Situation fubieds to the next adjacent Capital City. Moft of the Cities < 8 The Embassy of the The Revenue by Taxes. Cities in China are built after one faffiion and form, commonly four fquarc, with broad and high Walls, adorned with quadruple Towers, placed at an equal di- ftanee , round about which runs a deep Mote, and that alfo is furrounded with a Mud or Earthen Wall. Each City has a double Gate, and two double Doors, whereof the firft ftands dire&ly over againft the fecond, that there is no feeing’ through the laft , though you ftand in the firft : Betwixt thefe two Gates, opens moft commonly a large Court, where they Difcipline their Militia : Upon’the Gates are likewife built Great Watch-Towers where the Souldiers ^ keep night Sentinel. Moft of the Cities have very great Suburbs belonging to them, which are as full of people as within the Wall. Without the Battlements each Metropolis hath a delightful Plain, curioufly adornedwith Towers, Trees, and other Embellilhments moft pleafant to the Eye : The Country every where fwarms with people, fo that wherefoever you travel, you fhall meet continually with Crowds of Men, Women, and Children. * As now thefe 15 Kingdoms feem not only to exceed all other parts of the world for the number of moft rare Edifices and Rich Cities, fo they are liketvife no lefs abounding in People } for the moft Populous Country of all Europe ftands not in competition with this. Thofe that will take the pains to look into the Chinefc Pole or Rcgifter- Books, wherein is exa&ly fet down the number of the People of each Province (except thofe of the Royal Family ) will find that it amounts to the number of 58 milli- ons, 900 and forty thoufand, two hundred and 84 Perfons ; neither need you wonder which way this can be made out ; for every Mafter of a Family is obliged upon a great penalty to hang out a little board over his door, upon which he muft fet down the number of his Houfhold, and their condition, &c. And to prevent all fraud, one is appointed over every tenth houfe, whom they call fitang^ which ftgnifiesthe Tenth man or Tyther. His Office confifts in taking an account of the number of the perfons upon the board } and if the Mafter of the Family fail to make that known truly, he is to acquaint the Governour of the City with the abufe. Having fpoken thus much of the Situation, Divifion, and Extent of China ; I fhall add in (hort what thefe fifteen Provinces pay Annually in Taxes one with another ; as alfo how many Capital, Great, Little, and Garrifon Cities are in each of the Ten. And laftly, what each Province, Divifion, or Shier disburfeth yearly in Taxes to the Emperour of China. No man poflefiesa foot of Land in all this Empire without paying to the Emperour fomething out of it ; fo that we need not wonderfthat over and above the common expences which are made upon the account of Petty Kings, Vice- Roys, and Military Officers , there are more then threefcore Millions of Crowns brought yearly into the Emperours Coffers. The whole fumme amounts to 1 50 Millions of Crowns, whereof he cannot difpofeashe pleafeth, but the Money is brought into the Treafury : And if the King at any time defires a fupply, in writing to the Treafurer he is not to deny the payment of it. J ’ The Provinces bring in yearly in Taxes 32 millions 2 hundred 7 thoufand four hundred and 47 bags of Rice i and one bag is enough to ferve 100 men for one day. 40 hundred 9 thoufand nine hundred 49 pounds of Raw Silk 71 hundred 2 thoufand four hundred and 36 Rowls of Cloth made of Hemp.* 63 thoufand feven hundred and 70 Bales of Cottons. 1 hundred 91 thoufand feven hundred and 30 Rowls of wrought Silk. But the City of Hucheu buys off tlmTax yearly for the furn of five hundred thoufand Crowns. J The Provinces bring in likewife 1 million 7 hundred 94 thoufand two hundred and 6 1 weight of Salt j each weight is to be reckoned at one hundred twenty and , four 9 Sutherland EaJl*lndia~Coinpanj • four pounds amounting in all to i hundred 87 millions 6 hundred 88 thoufanH 3 hundred 6 4 pounds ; p millions 4 hundred .8 thouland 6 hundred „ Trufles ot Hay and Straw forthe Kings Stables, befide all other Taxes ' The other Ten Provinces of China I did not fee in my Journey, yet however I (hall give you an account of the Taxes which the great and leffer Cities thereof pay yearly to the Emperour; their names are thefe, Zanf, the fecond Province of the fifteen, Xcnfi the third, Honan the fifth, Sucbeu the fixth, HHm.no the feventh , Chekiang the tenth, Fokjen the eleventh, Quanof, the thirteenth Oh, chi « the fourteenth, and lmman the fifteenth. ’ ^ I. The Second Kingdom ofTL ANSI. T His Province lies Wefiward I of Poking, and is neither fo large nor popu- the lous, but more Fruitful, and of more Antiquity, becauie (if credit may of be given to the Hiftorians of China) theCbinefes derive from hence their firft rife and original. On the North this Province has for Confines the great Wall which reaches from Eaftto Weft through the whole Country ; behind which lies the Kingdom of Tamyn and the Sandy Wildernefs of Samo : The Weftfidc of this Province Ives upon the Yellow River, which runs from North to South, and is feparated by the fame from the Province of Xenfi. This Province produces th$ fweeteft and faired Grapes of all Aft a ; however the Chinefes make no Wine of them, but only dry, and fobring them to the Market through all China. In this Country of Zanji (which is very remarkable and worthy of obfervation ) are through the whole Country great (lore of Fire- wells, even in the fame manner as the Water-wells are in Europe , which they ufe for the drefling of Meat after this manner } the mouth of the Well is (lopped very clofe, and only a place left open to fet the Pot upon, by which means the Pot boyls without any trouble. This Province likewife produces good (lore of Coal, which they dig out of the Hills, as in England and at Lh)\ in the Nether- lands, which ferves the Inhabitants for Firing, who likewife ufe Stoves in their Houfes, made after the manner of thofe in Holland. In this Country of Zanfi are 5 Capital Cities, 92 fmall Cities, and feveral Forts. The 5 Capital Cities are Taiynen , Pingiaen , Tattling, Eugan, and Fuencheu. 1. Taiynen commands over 25 Cities, as, Taiynen , Tatyven , Jucn , Taco, Ki, S inkin, Congyven, Kiaoching, Venxui, Loping , Che, Tingfiang , Tai , Vtai, Kiechi , Cofan , Fan, Hing, Paote , and Hiang. 2. Pingiaen commands over 34 Cities, as, Pingyaen, Siangling, Hungtung, Feuxatt , Chaoching, Taiping, Toiang, Jechtng, Kioiao , Fuenft, Pu, Pu, Lincin , Tnn- gho, Txi, Vauciuen, Hocin, Kiai, Ganye, Hia, Venhi , Pinglo, J niching, Kiang, Tuenkio, Ho, Kie, Hiangning, Cie, Tailing, Xelen, Tangho. Amongft thefe, Pu, Kiai, Ho, Kie and Cie are the chiefeft. 3. Taitung commands over 1 1 Cities, as Taitnng, Hoaigien , Hoenyuen, Ing, Xanin, So, Maye, Guei , Qn angling, Qnangchang, and Lingkieu : Whereof Ing, So, and Guei are the chiefeft. 4. Lugan commands over eight Cities, as Lngan, Canen, 7 imlieu, Siangheng, Lucking, Huquan, Licking, and Pingxun. 5. Fnencheu commands likewife over eight Cities, as buenchen, Hiaoy, Pin - giao, Kiakjeti , Ninghiang, Lingxa , Inugning, and Lin. Befide thefe great Cities there are three other Corporations in this City, as Sin, Laao and Ca. Thefe Towns are not much inferiour to the Cities, and fo j) efteemed 10 The Embassy of the efteemed by the Cbinefcs j but yet they are not preferred to that dignity of the Cities, though they have a command over forae leffer Towns. For the fafety of the ways, and defence of the great Wall, there are 14 ftrong Forts in this Country which are furrounded with ftrong Walls i their names are thefe, Gueiguenffeugnei, CogneiyMayz, Vanglinff a;ighon,Caoxon y Tienching^Chinln i Cuigyuen , Pinglin , Chungtun , Geutung , and Tnngxing. The Pole or Regifter Book of this Kingdom reckons five hundred 89 thoufand, nine hundred and fifty nine Families, and five hundred eighty four thoufand and i i cj fighting men. That which this Country pays in Taxes yearly to the Emperour, confiftsof twenty two hundred feventy four thoufand and twenty two Bags of Rice, of fifty pounds of fine Linnen, oi four thoufand feven hundred and feventy jfilk Stuffs ; four hundred and twenty thoufand weight of Salt, and five and thirty hundred forty four thoufand eight hundred and fifty bundles of Hay, be- ftde feveral other Taxes. The Third Kingdom of X E N S I. Ifhe Situation of Xcnfu A Mongft the Northern Dominions is this Xenfi y which is very great, chiefly fituated toward the Weft, upon the height of thirty Degrees, and borders upon the Kingdoms of Presbyter John , Caster, and Tibet , which are called by one name in the Chinefe Tongue, Sifan . Weft ward the borders extend beyond the Tartare Kingdom of Taniju } betwixt which, and this Country, the great Walk and fome Forts make a fepararion, which doth not run through all this Country, but only to the fide of the YVPow River. The remaining part of this Country fituated oa the other bank of the River, has no wall for its defence, but dry and barren Sand-fields, and the Yellow River, and fufficient Fortifi- cation-'. Eaftward this Xenfi is likewife bounded with this Yellow River, which runs through the Country. Southward lye very high Mountains, which are as ftrong Bulwarks, and feparatethis Province from the Provinces o f Honan, Suchett , and Huqnang. r Want Rain wiakes this Country very dry 5 but yet it produces great ftore of Wheat, Barly, and Turkifh Corn, but very little Rice* The Beafts ieed all winter upon Corn. It abounds with Sheep and Goats, which they {hear thrc e times a year, in the Spring, in Summer, and in Haxveft ; and of the °? ma ke themfelves Clothes. In this Country they make great ftore of 1 a Vl & roWS * n tke Navel of a Beaft, not much unlike to a young Hind • the (Ml whereof the Chinefe, eat as other Meat : When this Deer goes to Rut' ting, the Cod fwells like a Bile that is full of matter, which exuperation confift- ing of a thin hairy purfe, is then taken out with all its precious ftuffe by the a , IVes ' .. ruc . “> r ' at atl f * 1e putfes which are brouijht to us, are not the right and pure Navels ; for the cunning Chinefe, know very well when they empty the purfe, how to fill up the fame again with counterfeit Musk. There is likewife Gold found in this Country, which is not fetched from the Mines (for thofe the Emperour will not fuller to be opened, there being both Gold and Silver Mines) but fiom the fides of rivers and fhallow waters. ' k t ^ s ^ ountl 73 re eight Capital Cities, one hundred and feven fmallCities Chine China Pert' U l ',' ' Chingan, Tung, Chaoye, Hoynne, Chtng, Cheng, Fenny, liancbtng, Una, Uoyan,Gucinan,F U ching,Conan, HexaJjang, Xangnan, Sutherland EaJl~India~Cotnpany. Xan^njao, SanyuenJu m „oa, Fup,^ K,c n> Fungcmm, Vhch,,^ Junn^Fncn Xunhoa^jCanxuy^Cbangvn. ^ J 6 ’ i. Fmgaang commands over eight Cities, Fmgciang, K,xa,r Taoki. Fh- fung,Muy, Linieu, Lung, and Fingijang. ^ 3. Hanchung commands over 15 Towns, as Hanchmg, Paochwg,CbmeH, Urn Stbumg, FHngm,en, -NiengkfMg, Lioyang , Flmggm, Xecmen, SMjw, Ha- ntjn , Yebo , and Cnijang . ^ 4. Tingleang commands over ten Cities, as Tingleang, Cuntfin, Hoatin <>, Chiny - ven, Kuyven , fi>/£, Lingtai, Choangleang , Limgte, and 5. Cungcbang commands over feventeen Cities, as Clmngchang , Ganting,Hoein- mgi Tungguei, Chang, Ningyven , Fokjang, Sibo, Cbing, Cin, Cingan, , Cingxui, LL Kiai,Ven,Hoei,Leangtang. 6 6 6. Linijao commands over five Cities, as Linijao , Gueiyven , L<*, Xinmo , and Fhco. Befide thefe great and final! Cities in this Province, there are likewife feveral Magazines which lye fcartered up and down, Tome within the great Wall and fome without. The chiefeft of thefe Forts are thefe nine, a s Xacbeu, Xancheu, J ungchang,hcangchen, Cboanglang , Sining , Chiny ,Culattg. Thefe following 1 4 are final 1 ones, as Hingnia , Ningniacbnng , Taocbeu , Nincbeu , Hocbeu , Cinglu , Tulin, Chinfan , Xetu, Hantung , Tinglu , Mingxa , Guei. and Senoqui. The Cbinefe Regifter reckons in this Province the number of the Families to be no lefs then eight hundred thirty one thoufand fifty one *, and nine and thirty hundred and thirty four thoufand one hundred feventy fix Fighting Men. The Taxes which this Country pays, are nineteen hundred nine and twenty' thoufand and fifty feven Bags of Wheat, and three hundred threefcore and five thoufand weight of fine Linnen; nine thoufand two hundred and 1 8 pound of all forts of wrought Silks ; feventeen thoufand two hundred and feventy pounds of Cotton ; eight hundred and twenty thoufand feven hundred and ieventy pound of Callicocs •, befides fifteen hundred and fourteen thoufand feven hundred forty nine Truflesof Hay for the Kings Stables. The F/^/fi Province of HON AN. T HE Province of Honan lies Eaft and South-eaft with Nanking, North ^ f h ^'^ tl0n and North-eaft with Peking , and fome parts of Xantung , and South South- weft with Hucang, but Weft ward it borders upon the Province of Sncbeu, and with tfie remaining part of Xe»//. . In this fifth Province we find eight great Cities, one hundred imall Cities, be- fide Forts and Caftles : The eight great Cities are Caifung, Queue, Sbangte , Gueiheoi , Hoaiking, Honan , Nanijang , and J lining. . _ 1. Caifung bears the command over four and thirty Cities, as Caifung.tbin- Uen , Ki , Tunghw, Tailing, Guetxi , Gucichuen, Jenlin , Chungmen, Janguu, Juenun Fungkjeu , Jencin , Laniang , Chin, Xangaxui, Siboa, Hiangc tng, Jen ching, Chaggio , jb/, M«, Sh/*£, a. Queite governs over nine Cities, Queue, Ningling, Loye, Hi aye, Jungc g , Ciw, Jucbing , Hianching, Xeching. II The Embassy of the The Situation of Sucheu . 3. Changte commands over feven Cities, Changte , Tanchin , Linchang , L/'», Cw, Vagan , and Xe. 4. Gueiboei commands over fix Cities, a s Gueihoei, Caching, Sinchiang,Hoehga, Ki, and Hoei. 5. tloaikuing commands over fix Cities, as Hoaihting , Ciyven. Sie£*», C^, Xe«, Lingpao, Xeuhiang, taxi 7. Nanijang commands over thirteen Cities, a sNanijing, Chinping , T^, /»*>. Tungpe, Kanchao , Nuihiang , Chechun , TVe, Vuxdng, and /e. 8. Juning commands over thirteen Cities, as jutting, Hanchai, s)pnig, Sincai , s ™P in g> Chinijang , Sinigang, Loxan, Kioxan, Quango, Qaangxdn, Cnxi, See and Xangching . The great City Jn, which though not preferred by the C£mk/*/ to the dignity of a Capital City, yet however commands over five fmall Cities, as Ju,Luxan Kia, Vaofung , and l>wg. The- yearly Revenue, according to the Toll-book of the Emperour, which this Country brings in, amounts to five hundred eighty nine thoufand two hundred and ninety fix Families; and fifty one hundred fix thou- land two hundred and feventy fighting Men. The Income of the Revenue amounts yearly to twenty four hundred four- teen, thoufand four hundred and feventy feven Bags of Rice; twenty three thoufand five hundred and nine pound of fine unwrought Linnen ; of nine thou- fand nine hundred fifty nine pound of feveral forts of Silk ; of three hundred forty one pound of Cottons, which are very fcarce in this Country ; and lafily of twenty two hundred fourfeore and eight thoufand feven hundred iorty four’ Truffes of Hay for the Kings Stables. y The Sixth Kingdom of S U C H E U. «*- -S & In this whole Province are eight chief Ciri^c u 1 » - “nfSs'r, ter* •**-. “ 4-1, 'r/' c cities ’ p s Mf- Cmtgmng Can Kien Cuvani? "c'unak ' /’ Nui/yang gnou. Paw R '> Cb ™ boa g un &k™i^ ***«&*»> K ^*> > 7. vA £ ether land EaJl^India- Company . ove 7 rVe«TdForts° mmandS *** ^ * *?’**'*> and 8. Malm is alone without having any City under its command. The great Cities are fix, Tungchmen Mnicheu Kiating Kiung Lincheu X, the And though there fix great Cities might very welfWfetvf’the “me’ £d‘ dignity of Capital Cities, in regard of tlmr largcnefs and number of Inhabitants • yet they do not enjoy that dignity, becaufe this Province is to have no more Capital Cities as Pekytig, and Nanhjwr. The firft great City Tungchenen commands over eight other Cities ; the feennd great City Mnicheu over four-, the third great City Kiating over feven ; the fourth great City K mng over three ; thefifth great City lincheu over four *, and the fixth great City 2 acheu commands Iikewife over four Cities. The four chief Garrifon Cities are Tmclme,,, Vmuag, Vfa, and ChinhiMg. Befide which there are 35 Inaall Garrifon Cities and Forts. This Country produces much Silk and other rich Commodities ; it is very large and fruitful, having the great River of Kiang running quite through ir ; in fome places it is mountainous, but yet it wants neither for Trees norVallies; from hence comes only the right radix China, or the China root, for that which grows in other places of China is wild and good for nothing ; from hence comes iikewife that incomparable root called Rhubarb-, which the people of Tibet and M ogar> who drive the Trade in this Province, fend from thence to Europe. Here are Iikewife found two forts of Amber fiones, namely, the Pved and Yellow ; which laft is found alfo upon other Coafts. The people here are very cunning in counterfeiting of Amber, which - they do with fo much skill, that they fell it oftentimes for the right, ic being impoffiblc to dtfeern it, being not much infe- riour unto it either in light or goodnefs. Iron, Tin, and Lead, are Iikewife fetched from the Mountains in great quantities ; among which (the wonder is) are great ftore of Salr-pits, that produce fa much Salt,, that the Inhabitants know not how to fpend one third part of it. The Toll-book wherein the number of the people of this Country is fet down, mentions no lefs then four hundred fixty four tnonfand one hundred twenty nine Families, and twenty two hundred four thoufand one hundred and feventy Fighting men, without reckoning the Souldiers who arc very numerous in the Country. That which this Province pays in Taxes to the Emperour yearly, confifts of lixty one hundred fix thoufand fix hundred and fixtv bags of Rice, of fix thoufand three hundred and thirty nine pounds of wrought and unwrought Silks, of feventy four thoufand eight hundred and fifty one pounds of Cottons, of one * hundred forty nine thoufand one hundred feventy feven weight of Salt, befide other Taxes paid to his Imperial Majefty in fome parts of this Province. The Seventh Kingdom o/HUCANG. His Province of Hitcang borders toward the North upon the Province of Tbe situation Hona/ty North-weft upon Xcnfi y Wcfiward upon Suchcity toward die South of mc»«, Hingxan , Tatung. 7. Tocben commands over eight Cities, as Tocbeu , Linjiang , Hoajiung , Pingkj m ang , Fung , Xeniuen , Cm//, Ganbiang. 8. Changxa commands over eleven Cities, as Cbangxa , Siangtan , Siangin , Ningbiaitg , Lieuyang , Filing, Jeyang, Sianghiang, Xeu, Ganhoa, C baling. 9. Yaoking commands over five Cities, as Paokjng , S inboa, Cbingpn , Vuchang , Sitting' 10. Uengcheu commands over nine Cities, as Hengcbeu, Hengxan, Luiyangy Cbangning , Gan gin. Ling , Queiyang , Linux, Lanxan. 11. Cbangte commands over four Cities, as Cbangte, Taoyven, Lungyang, Jttenkjang. 12. Xtncbeu commands over feven Cities, as Xincheu, Luhj,Xin\i, Xopu, Juen, Kitty ang. May ang. . x 3- Jungcheu commands over feven Cities, as Jungcheu , Kiyang, Fan, Tung- gan, Ningyven, Jungning, Kiangboa. 14. Chingtien commands over feven Cities, as Cbingtitn, K ingxan, Cienbiang, Mienyang, Kingling , Kingmnen, Tangyang. 15. Cbinchiang commands over feven Cities, as Cbinchiang, Fang, Choxan,Xan - Cbokjy Cbingfi, Paoh^ang. There are alfo in this Province two great Cities, as Cingcbeu , Chincheu : The 1 com man s over four final 1 Cities, as Cingcbeu, Hoeitung,'Iungtap, Suining : ueitun° n °^ Cr ^ ^ ^ }incJeHy fobbing, Tcbang, Hingningy gueiyang, and The Camion Cities arc eleven in number, asXiJu^xH^Pamo^ HmHgmL Sauptn, Junping, Tien^ia, jmmrr. e Regifter or Toll-book reckons in this, Ciotrlicrylive hundred thirty one thoufand fix hundred and eighty fix Families, and fourty eight hundred tmty three thoufand five hundred and ninety fighting Men, befideal] fuchas are of the Royal Blood which amount to at lead three hundred thoufand in all “*"• B efeare a " c u he , ofF - f P™g of one Hiinguvus, the firft Founder of the Family ofTamm^a ; Who long after the expulfion of the Tartarr conquered the Kingdom and fettled himfelf in the Throne : But this Family of TarLaa had S'SSXST' .icr-i,, „ veaTl h v e cnnfiflf ° fthe Ke a C " UeSOf ' his Countr y» which are paid to the Emperour and fifiv nii h^^f R ‘"Tr fixt * feVen ^oufand nine hundred feven Rolls of wrought Silk.*” CVCnteen thoufand «'ne hundred and feventy The The Tenth Kingdom of C H E K I A NG. T His Province lies Eaftmrd .toward the Sea, South and South-weft it hot t„ , ■ _ F ' K ~ ! ' ■” "" » *■ In this Province are eleven Prime Cities, all of them not much infetiourto forne Provinces; for the Metropolis of Hangchen is fit to make a Kingdom of The eleven chtefCmes command over fixty three fmall Cities, which have like-' wife abundance of Towns and Caftles under their command, befide the Villages which are all full of people. 8 3 The eleven chief Cities arc thefe, Hangchen, Kiahing , Httchen, Niencheu, Kinboa , KmcheUy Cbnchen , Xaobingy Ningpo , TaichtUy and Venchett. i. Hangchen commands over eight Cities, a s Hangchen, Haininq’ Fnyang J n - hang , Lingan , Tncien , Sinching . , Changhoa. ° 7 J 2 abi ^ commands over fix Cities, as Kiahing . , Kiaxen , Haiyen , Pinghu Cnngte, lungbiang. 3 - commands over fix Cities, as Huchen, Changbing, Gankje, Tcching Hiaofung , Vul^ang. " 4. Nienchen commands over fix Cities, as Niencheu , Xungan, Tunglui, Suigan , Xcuchang , Fnenxi. K inhoa commands over eight Cities, as # L*»^, Tungyang , 1*#, JW. F#*y, Fnkjangy Tanki. 6. Kinchen commands over five Cities, as Kincheu , Lungyeu, Changxan , xen, Caiboa. 7. Chncheu commands over ten Cities, as Chuchen , Cingtien, Cinyun , SW/agy- Suichang, Lnngcinen , Kingyvcn , Junho, Sivenping, Kingning. 8. Xaohing commands over feven Cities, as Xaohing, Siaoxan , Chufy, Jnyao, Xangyn, Xing , Cinch ang. 9. Ningpo commands over five Cities, as Ningpo , Fnnghao , Tingbai , Siangxan. 10. Taichen commands over fix Cities, as Taicbeu, Hoangnien , Tientai , Sienkju } Ninghai , Taiping. 1 1 . Venchen commands over five Cities, as Venchen y Xnigan , Locing y Pingy - Taixnn. The chief Garrifons are fifteen, as Chinxan , Kinxan, Tinghniy §no y Ninghai , Ciohjy Sinhoy Xetie y PuontuHy Cumneny Tnnchi , Haigan , Siningy Haifung, Nan. The number of the people in this Province mentioned in the Chinefe Toll- book, appears to be twelve hundred forty two thoufand one hundred and thirty five Families, and five and fifty hundred twenty fivb thoufand four hundred and feventy fighting men. Thepublick Revenues paid to the Emperour, confift of twenty five hundred ten thoufand two hundred and ninety nine Sacks of Salt ; three hundred and feventy thoufand four hundred fixty fix pounds of unwrought Silk, and two thou- fand five hundred feventy four Rolls of wrought Silk. Befide all which the great Ships of his Imperial Majefty called Jungychnen come every year to lade with Silk, which is very rich and curioufly wrought for his Majefties own ufe. This Silk is interwoven with Gold, Silver, and the Feathers of feveral Birds, very artificially mingled with all manner of colours ; none are lufiered to wear any of thefe Silks called Dragon Silks, but the Emperour and his Courtiers. This Province furnifiies the Court likewife with fourfeore hundred four thoufand ninety one Truffes of Hay, and with four hundred forty four thoufand . feven id vv The Embassy of the feven hundred fixty nine weight of Salt : The whole revenue of this Country is reckoned by fome to amount to fifteen millions of Crowns. The Eleventh Kingdom of F O K I E N. The Situation of Fo1(jcn. T His Province, -which is the leaft of all the Provinces, lies toward the Eaft, South-eaft and South, upon the great Indian Sea ; toward the South-w^ft it borders upon Qnantung , Weft and North-eaft upon Kianfi , and the remaining part upon the Kingdom of Chekiang. In this Province are eight chief Cities, and forty eight fmall Cities, and a great number of Forts which were built for the defence of the Sea and Harbour. The eight chief Cities are thefe ; as Eochen , Civenchen , Changchen , Running, Jenpingy Tincheu, Hinghoa , and Xaouu. i. Focheu commands over eight Cities, as Foch.eu, Cntien , Mincing , Changlo , LicnkjangyLoyiwty JnngfoyFocing* i. Civencheu commands over feven Cities, as Civenchen, Nangan , Hoeigan , Tchoa, Gankjy Titngan, Juncbungg 5. Changchen commands over ten Cities, as Changchen, Changpu , Lugnien Nancing, Changtai, Changping , Pjngbo, Caogan, Hairing, Ningyang. 4. Running commands over feven Cities, as Running, Rienyinv , Cnnooar Pitching , Chingbo, Sunghj , Xcuning. 5. Jenping commands over feven Cities, as Jenping, Cianglo,Xa , ehang, Janggan , and 7 6. Tingchen commands over eight Cities, as Tingcheu , Hinghoa, Xanghana 1 aping, CinglieUi Flenching, Queihoa , and Jnngtung. 7. Hinghoa commands over two Cities, as Hinghoa , and Sienlien. * 8. Xaouu commands over four Cities, as Quangee , anc i Rie nning. ^ In the Province of Fukien is alfo a great City called Fomng, which commands over three Cities, as Foiling, Fogan , and Ill this Province are likewife feveral brave Forts and Towns for Trade as Cavha/, Htamuen , Pumuen, Foiling, Finghai, Mnihoa, Xe, Haikgu, Vangan, Chillis’- xe, l ungxan, Hiuenchung, and jungting. * ' The Ifland or the fair I [land doth alfo belong to thk Province"- as hkewife the near adjacent Ifland called Toman, which ihr-'FMlZidors n 0 (To(V who have built a Fort there called new Zealand* BufST this Ifland more here’ after. The Toll or Rcgifter-book of thefe people, mentions no lefsin this Province then 1 five hundred mnethouiand and two hundred Families, and eighteen hun dred two thoufand fix hundred feventy feven fighting men S n " The Revenue of this Province confifts of eight hundred eighty three thoufand one hundred and fifteen Sacks of Salt, of one hundred ninety four pounds o£ c n %n m 7 k h u Undred roIls of wrought Silk: But the chiefeft revenue -onfifts of Ships, which pay according to their burthen fo much a Tun. The l etberland EaJl~lndia'Companj . '7 The Thirteenth Kingdom of QJ.I ANSI. » Q Vanfi is the Thirteenth Kingdom, and borders towards the Eaft upon the the situation Province of Quantung , South-weft upon Tanging , or Grf«e«, and guonyang. 2 . Lieuchen commands over Twelve Cities, as Lieuchen , Coyung , Looking, Lieuching , Hoaiyven , Laipin , Slang, V uciven , Pi//, Cienkjang , and Xangling. ' 3. Kintyvencomv nds over Nine Cities, as Kingyven, Tienho, Sugeu, Hochi, Hinching, Nanchuen, Lypo , Tunglan, and P angti. 4. Pinglo commands over Eight Cities, as Pinglo, Punching, F uchucn, Ho, Lipn, Siengin , Jnggan, and Caoping. 5. Gucben commands over Ten Cities, as Gucheu, Teng, Tung, Cenghj, Ho aide, Tolin, Pope, Pelieu , Lochuen , and H//zg;e. 6. Cincheu commands over Four Cities, as Cincheu , Pingnan, Quci, and Vitcing. 7. Nanning commands over Six Cities, as Nanning, Lnnggan , Heng , Tunhiang , Xangfu, and Sunning. 8. Taiping commands over Twenty three Cities, as Taipingy Taiping, Gang- ing, Tangli, Vancbingy Co, Civenmingy Sucking, Cbinyven, Sutung, Kielun, Mingy ng, Xanhia, Kiegan, Luging, Tukje y Cungxen, J unhang, Loyang, Toling, , Lun, Kiang, znd Lope. . u . 9. Swwitfg commands over Six Ciues, as Suming, Suming, Xangxe, tiiaxe, Pingciang, and Chung- * ■ # , 10. Chingan has no City under its command, nor is fubjea to any other City. . 1 1. Tienchen commands over Five Cities, as liencheu, Xangh.n , Lung, Qneite, andCohoa. . The Garrifon City is Sugen, and commands over Three Cities, as bugen, Vuyuen, and Fnnghoa. , . The great City which is not preferred to the dignity of a Principal City, 13 Suching and commands only over one City called There are tome other Cities ^befide in this Province, a$ Suchen, Siping, Fuiao y Fukang, Funy, Li, gueixum, and Hiangun. The Forts are only Two, Xanglui, and Ganiung. , In the Toll or Regifter-Book of this Province, is fet down one hundred eighty fix thoufand feven hundred and nineteen Families, and one million fifty four thoufand feven hundred and fixty Fighting men : The Revenue thereof confifts of four hundred thirty one thouland three hundred and fifty nine Bags of Rice. The Hoe Embassy of the 28 The Situation Of Qiieicbeu. The Fourteenth Kingdom of Q.U E I C H E II. T His Province of Queichen borders Eaft and South-eaft upon the Province of guangfi, North and North-weft upon Sucheu. Toward the North-eaft it reaches as far as the Province ot Huquang, and the remaining part borders upon Junnan. Formerly this Province was not reckoned among the fifteen, but a part thereof belonged to Sucheu, another part to Huquang , and the Neighbouring Provinces pofleffed the reft : At laft the Family of Taiminga (in regard Ivetta, the fore-going Branch of the Tan ay s had caufed fevcral Caftles and Forts to be built therein) made thereof a particular Province. In this gueichen are Eight chief Cities which are not very large. Ten fmall Cities, Four chief Garrifon Cities, and Four fmall Garrifon Cities, Vefide Caftles and Forts, which are very many. The Eight chief Cities are thefe j as gnciyang , Sucheu, Sun an, Chinyven, Xe- cien , Tunggin , Lining, and Tucho. • ' 1. gneiyang commands over Nineteen Forts inftead of Cities, as gueiyanv Kiukiun , Uoqua , Tahoa y Cingfan y Gueifan, Fangfan, ihtngfan , Golun« Kinxe Siaolnng, Lofan , Tailing, Siaoching, Xangua] Lnxan y Lufan , Pi%f a and Mohiang. u 5 2. Sucheu commands over Four Forts, is Sucheu, Tufo, Xikj, and Hmmtao. 3. Sttnan commands over Two Cities and Fife Forts, as Sman, Vuchuen In kiting, Xuile, Munii, Langki, and Jettkj, ’ 4. Chinyven commands over One City and Four Forts, as Chinyven Xikien Kmyung, Ptenljao, Inxui, and Taipin^. ' > \ > commands over Three' Forts, as Xecien, Miaomin, Lungeiven, and 6 . Tunggin commands over Seven Forts, as Tunggin, Sengli, Tiki, Vaxan Vlo fmgten, P ingnan , and Pinchai. A ’ K ’ M ' Ul0 ' y. L,pmg commands over Four Cities and Eleven Forts, as Lining s '“" 8. Tube . commands over Three Cities and Nine Forts, as Tucho Toxan PmgcheK ' Lm "& Hokiang, ci t « ’[»£*»’ chi~a^CZ. r 't f he Key of the Three Provinceg^-^fe^^commands over Thre<- fmall forts, as Jnngnwg, Uuyo, and Tin^f^ ^ 1 hree ^^^^ Taping, Cheupwg, and 3 4 Hinge J SJ * U r ut 6 ; fST° mma, t ovcr Two Forts ’ as r "#> a "<» L°p"g- t, L “ n &‘ commands over two Forts, as Pinof. ^ArLl m . q / ^ — r A The Fort<; wMcU ’ fT ^ orts 5 as T * n gfa y and Taping. ofthofe upon the^ Mounmim ^ Provinc f to hin ^r the Plundering P*, Cannon, Vfa, Hinglung, CherT, 3 TkJlT'^ long, Tonen^fn^el'latctfr^ ^ J H ” gHin &> X ><>tM&T°kf'<> Xang- In Sutherland Eajl'Indi a^Company, In the Chinefe Toll-book of this Provh^JT We find ,1. 7 7 ~ fand three hundred and five Families and two Inn J a ^ ort y ^ vc diou- three hundred and fixty five Fighting men. ^ ° ne t ^ ou ^ an ^ The Revenue of this Province confifis of forty feven thnuC^A r u j a fifty eight Bags of Rice, five thotifand and nine hundred pte of Clo^ B ut all tins ,s not fufficent to maintain the Forts, therefore the Emperor, r i neceffi tated to fupply what ts wanting, out of his other Revenues. P The Fifteenth Kingdom of J U N N A N. / T Oward the Eaft and South-eaft this Province of Jnnnan borders upon "**»*«. A° Ward L le So “ th U P on the Kingdoms of Laos and T nniL toward the Weft it reaches as far as the utmoft borders of the Kingdom of Mien and Fey ; toward the North-weft upon the Kingdom of Sifan, Northward upon the Province ofSnchcn-, and toward theNorth-eaft it reaches as far as the iartheit Pales ot the Province ot Qtieicben. In this Province are Twelve great Cities, Eight chief Gatrifon Cities, Fourfcore and Eight finall Cities, befide feveral Caftles and Forts The Twelve chief Cities are thefe ; Jnnnan, Tali, Lingan, Cuihnno, ■Chinlti- ang, Mrnghoa, lunglung Qnangna, gnangft, Chtnyuen , Tunning, and Xnning. i. Jnnnan commands over Tnirteen (mall Cities, as Jnnnan, Funnn, fleane, Caoimng, Cynning, Qnehoa, Chingcnng, Canning, Loco, Lofnng, Qnenyang, San - pao, and Ynmen. . q. Tali commands over Six Cities, as Tali, Chao , Jtwnan , Tenchuen . , Langfy- v mg, Yinchuen. o' Tingan commands over Ten Cities, as Lingan , Kienxui , Xeping, Omt , Wtig, Sinpin, Tungbaiy Hofi, Siego, Mnngcu ■, as alfo over Nine chief Forts, as Naleu, Kiacboa , V anglungy Hieynng , Kichn , Sulo, Coneng , Locung , and Gannan. 4. Cnhiung commands over Seven Cities, as Cuhiung , gyuantung, Tingyven, Tinpien , Okya, Nangan , and Chinn an. 5. Under the command of Chinkjang are Five Cities* as Chinhjang , Kiangheu } Sinbiny Yangcung , and (naan. 6 . Munghoa commands over Two Cities, as Mnnghoa } and Tingltmg. *1. Kingtung ha? no Ciry under her command. i 8. Jiangnan command, over the City Fh, 9 - commands over Four Cities, as £itangfi> Swung , Mile, and Vimao. 10. Chiyven commands over the Fort Loco. 1 1 . Jmgning commands over the Forts funding, Lacu, Kctien y Hianglo , and Vain. 1 2. Xuning has no City under her, and lyes furrounded with Hills. The Ei^ht Garrifon Cities are thefe j Kiocingy Yaogan, doling , Vnting, C intie n, Lifyang, Juenkjang, and Jungcbang. Kiocing commands over Six Cities* as Kiocing, Teco , Cbenye y Loleang , Malungo, and Locbiung. Yaogan commands over three Cities, as Yaogan, Yao, and Tayao . dolling rules over Three Cities, as Ciokjngy Kiencbueny and Xun. Vuting commands over Four Cities, as V uting , Hokio y Yuennten , and Lobjuen. dntien commands only over Seven Villages. Lihjang commands over Five Cities, as Lihjang) Faoxan * Lan, Jiiucin , and Linfi. (V jtien . Juenkjang commands over the Fort Lopie. Jungcbang commands over Seven Forts, as Jungcbang. , Laye, Lukiang, Jung - ping, Fvngkh Xitien, and Lnkjang. There are Two Garrifon Cities, as Vexing. , and Sinhoa, which are not fubjeft to any other Cities. The Forts which are not commanded by any other Cities are Fourteen, as Chelo , Tengbeng, Cheli , Laochna , Lungchuen , Gueiyven , Vantien , Chincang , Tahett, Nieuhj, Mangxi , Lancbang , with the City of Langkiu , Mopang , Mopang commands over Nine Villages, as Mopang , Mengyang, Menacing, Men £- //ets to fn.m^ , 4 • ? , Uf™f d a'V" manner °r kindnefs for his civility in that ■Tr d ¥ » r Yr R ?'- "f» v "• It - * Mandarine Toutane, who has the thir^ , * ie lou fe of tbe great Goods from aboard their Ship. ^ b 1 5 an t ie Ilcxt * ent for their birt 'i 'p' r grefS ° f ' ^ z r s: informed that a certainForrelon Nation h° W ^ the , in M *“°« were fent away a Ship to the chic/citv of r T^ Eame ° f Ho } lan ^rs, had But they, as in duty bound, did find themfelves C ° Traftic ^ in China : vernour, that thefe people were of a cunni ne «' ffi 'ared r° acquaint the Go- without any Country or Habitations of r hr' g nature > deceitful in all things, and by Stealth and Piracy : X v h V rl T S “1^ £ th ^ ° ot their livings thcmfelves very confiderabk “ S' Id we ^ and Gun '» had fure Footing in China, tha fo Kvri !’° W ° n ' V end «vouring how to get reives : That they had taker/? TJ“ ^7 m, 'g ht ** defter enrich them- and had alfo blocked up X^witl, aFltt" ^hev ]T * a " d thefe people were thofe, who about a a years fine Thcy J'^wfe udded, that and great Prefents in the mouth of the RRer of C , ap P carcd w,th two Ships the place^ who were well acquainted whh thek Vmtf ' a-] Ma g iftr «es of them. That they had totally deftrovrd H V,llan ,es > dld very wifely refufe and confcquently no King ilchL douUeClave th ' ir H ° ufo but were held by all wife and knowing n I nl a,,y 'hnig to do with them , Empire. That they had made a PeTeewflTh P* the ^“ me and P,a ^«e of that fon they were to be looked upon no , tlle ‘Vat Coxmgn, and for that rea- Gjown. Laftofall, they defired that thk I’ nn E , ncmics » the Tartar taken ingood part, as proceeding from a reala !l "*^'7 admonition might be ^bore wthc whole Empire. S ld u P ri ght inclination which they The The Chinefe Philofophers of Canton produced Iikewife to that end an old ftory, thereby to demonftrate how that the Hollanders , time out of mind, were never permitted to Traffick there, being always reputed to be deceitful in their deal- ings; wherefore they found themfelves obliged to acquaint the Government therewith, that, fo they might take the fame into their ferious confideration. But both the Vice-Roys by advice of the faid Haitonu , whom Schedel had en- gaged on his fide, gave this anfwer to their Propofals ; that their Majefties had quite another opinion of this bufinefs, and judged that the Holland Merchants would bring great advantage and profit to the Inhabitants of all China ; in re- gard that through the mutual Commerce of both thefe People, the defers of the Country would be fupplyed, and what was fuperfluous would be exported ; whicbmuft neceflarily very much advance the Trade thereof, and encreafe the Revenues of the Country. They withal declared, that they could not conceive that the Hollanders were fuch a fort of people as hitherto they had been deferibed unto them in China ; but whatfoever Chara&er the Hollanders lay ftigmatized under by former reports, they were for their parts refolved to think better, and fpeak accordingly of them, believing now no otherwife but that they were brave Merchants. Lafi: of all, they defired that fometryal might be had of their dealings, and returned how ever their thanks to the Governours of Maccoa for their good care and Counfel. The Vice-roys hereupon published in Writing their confent to a Free Trade, and withal gave leave to Schedel to ere& a Fa&ory. They themfelves Iikewife bought a good part of his imported Lading, whereof they made no fmall gain, which without doubt would have been far greater, if fo be the ordinary Mer- chant might have bought the fame. It wasalfo agreed that for the better vend- ing of the remainder of the Goods, one Peter Bolle , an Under-Fa$or, with four Hollanders more, (hould have leave to continue at Canton. But after that Schedel had taken his leave of the old Vice-Roy, and went to pay his Congees to the young Vice-Roy, there happened a bufinefs whereof he had not the lead thought, and which did not a little furprize him. A Commiflloner who lately arrived from the Imperial City of Peking at Can- ton , did highly did wade the Vice- Roy from granting a Free Trade to the Hol- landers', alledging that it was one thing to grant a Port toaForreign People, and another to allow a conftant Habitation in their Country without informing of the Supream Authority, of which the Emperour ought to have notice, that fo no blame may light upon his Majefiy. This did lo much ptrplex the rhoughto of the Vice-Roy, that firft of all he advifed Schedel to depart, afterwards to be gone forthwith, and to take all his Company with him for this time, that fo the King of Batavia (by whom he underftood the Holland General) might not think that they were kept Prifoncrs in Canton ; adding withal that this was done upon Schedel's reafons, and for their Good. Hereupon two days after - Schedel departs with all his Crew, and what-ever elfe, in the Brown Fifh, for Batavia , taking , with him two Letters from the Vice- Roys, to Nicholas ! erbargb Commander in chief at T air.au. In thefe Letters the Vice-Roys ofter their Fnendft.ps to the General, and advife him, if he defired in China a tree Trade, to fend an Em bafTadour with rich Prefents to the great Cham. , • The Government of Batavia perceiving the good beginning of this d 5P“ t “ t ’ 0 "’ thought fit to write to their Prinpicals in Holland about it.and to then a - fwer concerning this Embaffy to the great Cham-. In the mean t'me.'o keep the bu finefs on foot, They Iikewife thought good to: fend feme other peAnt o Canton, andfo made choice of Zacharias m^naarjot that Employment ! d P from Bauvia with two laden Veffels, the Shell Fill,, and Brown F.lh , and^atter a A H The E m b a s s y of the months ( Sailing, arrived at the Ifiand of Ueytamon in the mouth of the River of Canton, and Sailed from thence to Wangjoe within three Miles of the City of Canton : Where being arrived, they continued for fome days in their Station before they lent any one a Shore ; but at laft (no body offering to come aboard) the> thought good to fend one of the Company thither, who immediately apply - ed himfelf to the Heytemt , who fenthim to the Toutang ; but not finding this Tou- tang or his Secretary at home, he returned late to the Sea- fide, nor knowing where to lodge that night : whereupon fome of the Vice- Roys Followers came running after him in great amazement, and defired him to return aboard forth- with, otherwife he would be in danger of lofing his life. But he refufed, and chofe rather to lye all night upon the ground ; which the Interpreter of the Vice-Rov underftanding, he offered him his own houfe, and led him homeward ; but coming near the walls of the City, and miftrufting the carriage of this In- terpreter, he defired that he might remain where he was till morning, then he would venture into the City, which was accordingly done ; and advice thereof bemg given to the Vice-Roy, he prefently ordered him a lodging whi- ther he went, and after fome fliort ffay applyed himfelf to the Secretary of Toutang, who told him a great many fine Stories, how that the fynugueffes with their Followers had prevailed fo far in the Imperial City of Teeing, that a Letter was lent to the Magiff rates in Canton concerning them, intimating that the Hoi- landers were a Treacherous lying People, and that for fear of being known in China, they durff not appear at Fehjng infomuch that thofe in Canton ought to have a Watchful eye upon them, efpecially if they were come without bring- ing with them an Embafiadour to the great Tartar Cham. At the fame time came alfo from Maccoa to Canton a Commander with a rc- quei', t,lat ?y ptovifion, and till further advice (llould come from Pekr/ig an Embargo might be laid upon the Ships of the Eaft-India Company lying there • mfinuatmg that the Hollanders had formerly in a Pyratical way taken feveral of then- Ships, to the utter Ruble of their Country. The Ponugueffes Iikewife to prevent the Hollanders from driving a Trade in China, paid an Arte at of f our years Tax. In (hort, this bufinefs feemed to draw much trouble after it and hkewi etocndwith bad fucccfi, though great hopes was given of the con’trarv M T r ’ a , na j n " ch Art and ,ndur "y was ufed by them, toperfwade ‘.c . 1c enger that this delay would in the end turn to his advantage P and was on yoccafioned through the coming of a certain Field-Commander with feme thoufands of Foot Souldicts to ;oin and receive the young ^e-Rof who had been a while in purfuit of fome Commotioncrs. 8 y ’ n t ic mean time Waggenaar expeding with great impatience the iffue of hie was not to know for feveral reafons the Ammi f 1 u , , 9 ° ni v mander (who 5 SSSSt SSit . iai of the Company would have gone a Shore 'to refrejh themf I 'hr’ fC ' C ’ prevented by the Kings Ships of War i i , ' tliemlelves, but were Wa M maat. § P 3r ’ W ' !ich la y there watch the defignsof Afterwards came the Mandarine Hamm aboard with feveral Followers, to ' condufr [Noether land EajlAndia* Company. condu in memory of that great CaDtain Rnrf r i ^ iver ’ an< ^ c l ie ot l ier NaJJau, • againft the continual aflaultf of thofe of 7° C P a ^ S WCI e n-u^ WeI1 P rovided drive the Holland", out trf Hollanders, the better to withftand thr> x ’ > I -° n ’ ^ a ^ tcr l° me years, the trerv Cuy far fitongerthen tf,e other, vvhe c L^lftheold C l"'' * Degrees and which lies ln theheighf of fix iquare, a River running through the Town, which Sutherland EoJl^India^Company, *7 which makes as it were two entire Cities. The leffer half exceeds the other in fttength, in regard of an invincible Cattle in it, which for its better defence is encompafled with lour Bulwarks, with deep Motes round about. This Citv is very populous, and conics of Natives, Chine fes, and Hollanders, and adorned with irately Strides, and the Streets planted with feveral forts of Indian Trees fo that you walk cool in the greateft heats. On the Sea-fide f which is narrowly’ guarded) lies a late and commodious Harbour for Shipping. The Arms of the City is a naked Sword with a Laurel Garland. Here the General (who commands m the name of the United Provinces over all the Forts and Cattles in India) has his rcfidence, who is provided with no lefs Power and Authority, then for- merly the Stadt-holder and chief Commander of thefe parts were wont to enjoy, who lives in no lefs Pomp and State, then the Princes of Europe : And this great Hondur and Authority is conferred upon him, that the Natives dazzled with the Splendour of his Greatnefs, may fo be the better reduced under obedience. But with this Commander in chief is joyned a Council, whofe Advice is always to to be taken in matters of Peace and War, the Prote&ion and Safety of the Coun- try, and the Commerce thereof. The Judicature confifts of a Prefident, and feveral Aldermen : there is one general Guild or Chamber of Accounts, to which all the reft which are in India , under the command of the Hollanders , are rel'pon- fible. The whole City lies furrounded in thirteen ftrong Bulwarks, which have been oftentimes Attempted and Affaulted by the Natives, but are not to be Mattered. The Hollanders made formerly a Contra& at Java with the Kings of thofe parts, about the bufinefs of Commerce j but when they began to deal Treache- roufly, contrary to the Articles of Agreement, in railing the Imports, it was thought fit to ere& a Cattle or Fort in the City. The EngliJJj at that time held a narrow Correfpondence and Amity with the Hollanders ; but it fo happened that Fears, and Jealoufies, and Mif-underftandings arofe between them : So that after a Bloody Fight of eleven Englijh Ships, againft feven Hollanders , which con- tinued from morning till night, our Party were forced to fiye, and to retreat to Amboyna , and there to Rally more Force. The King of Jacatra upon this occa- fion made an Agreement with the E nglifb, and joyning their Forces together, lay’d clofe fiege to the New Fort, which defended it fejf Gallantly fix months. In the mean time the Hollanders brought feveral of their Ships from the Malava Iflands, to the number of eighteen, which came thereto relieve their befieged Country-men. The Englijh having advice of their coming, left the Siege, brought their Cannon aboard, and fet Sail through the Streight of Sunda. The General John PeterfonKoene (who was newly Arrived with a Fleet from Holland . , not doubting of the Treachery of the King, though he endeavoured to excufe himfelf, laying all the blame upon the Englijh') Landed his Men with good order and condua i who after a few hours refrefhment, prepared thetnfelves toaflault the Befiegers 5 which doing after fome little oppofition, they broke through the Trenches, and got into the City. The King finding his Forces Defeated, and the Town Relieved, faved himfelf by flight, leaving the refidue of Ins Army to the mercy of the Hollanders, who put all to the Sword, except VVomen and Chil- dren- Yea the very City of Jacatra it felf was layed in Afties and the Wall le- velled to the ground. After this great Viftory, themfelves in thofe parts ; which the Emperour of the Ifland of Java perceiving, concluded to befiege this our new ereaed City of Batavia'^ and in t ic yeai 1 9 - he encamped himfelf under the Walls, making even 1 a ail ^ s ^° n whk | th< ! but flill beaten oft with confiderable lols. The J reat ^ l|| [e wife Enemy made, was upon the ao. of September m then g , y f orce( j o 28 The E M B ASSY of the forced to Retreat with a great Slaughter, whofe dead bodies was no final! an- noyance unto the Befieged : Again ft this inconvenience they burnt feveral odori ferous Gums to prevent Contagion which might proceed from thence. Amongft the remarkable paffages which happened during this Siege, is that Storm moil to be admired, which the Enemy made upon a Fort fituated at the further corner ° the £'ty, whl . ch " as OIi, y guarded by fixteen Souldiers, who (hewed far greater Courage ,n making their Defence, then the Aft'aultcrs in the Attempt with their whole Army; for alter that they had fpent all their Powder and SlJr they untiled the very Fort, and with the (hards thereof did very great execution upon the Enemy ; which Ammunition being likewife (pent, and having nothing oftenfive, they at Jaft emptied the Houfe of Office with Chamber-pots, and flung Exc' ements, and fo at once both perfumed and painted the niked bodies of , Enemy , who at Jaft perceiving that thofeof the Citv intended tn Qaii and relieve their Fellow-Souldiers , they raifed the Sie«e and i ^ ° U - C ’ their Language, 0 yon jibing Holland Devils , you Fighf with vo^Tamob" 1ms, and your Anns are Turdy Piftical. S ' Vout ,an '°b- cilpatchcd one of the clnefeft Princes of the Kingdom, with an Armv to B „ ^ who finding great oppofition, returned reinfelta. The Prince ofV,A Ifland lies about half a mile fr^m “T. j , 1 1,c 1 1 ince °t Madura (this , . rears ne would have done upon the Citv wifi. f,.ck „ a my as this was of two hundred thonfand \A, n 1 r , Y W 1 1 h an Ar_ turned alive. The EmDerour lZ ,r r ^ . he W0U,d never re mander over new raife/ Forces Vofet? 1 ^ ^ j UI l h and ma w,l ° had been and well beloved among th^uldiers. TO, G ^ 0od u^Hre.Prudent, Valiant, flighted by the Prince nf M J i • cnera Ending himfelf very much looked upon himfelf boumft ‘no’ 7 b ?, W *' J ° Vne , d in Com "'M°n whh him, having communic dhrrntentionto f “n- '° ^ ' CVCI ’g c ' d him; and they immediately concluded to m.t^ l ”T f *"■ ^ in tbe made fenfibleof die affront. ThePrincllf ' m’J" e ? ec f ,on ' 1 f,n S al1 »f them of the mifehief that was intrude, t I • Madura in the interim, not dreaming confoabo„tlb n rbSSk , ^S.^nT ,,y int ° ‘^Chamber, tf word Ihould now prove to be ,lt ,f i ’ h ° L th " eu P on told him, that his which having faid, P theypreLtirkmed r h mB ‘’^ a Y "ever return alive; Emperour, who had /£ Sr iToi^^'S 8 After Sutherland EaJl'India-Company , 2 9 After the fpace of eight days, we came upon the 22 . in fight of Pa*? 7y- mon which is a pleafant, wondrous, and delightful Ifland, (as is expreffed in the ad joining Print) full of Woods, Hills, and Dales. Here we fent our Boats a Shore to fetch Wood, andFtefli Water, wherewith we had notatfirft fo well provided our felves as we ought to have done. In this Ifland grows the lea Betel in great abundance, much in requeft amongft the Javaners , who ietc i whole Boats full. We made no long flay here but as foon as we had gotour Provifions aboard, we fet fail to purfue our Voyage ; upon the I. of July we came in fight of the large Continent, leaving Cmchmcbwa North Nor h- reft, and about noon we had the height of twenty Degrees, and fix Minutes . we r i ATI ,,, tl,r Coaft which was very pleafant. Thi s Couch, neb, na is part of thelKingdom^ onc ' tbe ^ e '^°t r i^° UntrleS r v,f a cr/Lffr " ated out of' the Kingdom of China, but however it belongs to the CW/« , for under this Gannon is fituated the Kingdom of Tx*A^, =>" Empcrour Couch, ncblna, both which were former y calftd I N-g. ^'^md who was of the Family of Wand, be g i • r firft of alUhefe Countries which he Planted, and afterwards ; Governed ^he Iph* bitants thereof, according to the Laws kZ Emperour was alfo die called thefe Inhabitants' by the name ccbii but afterwards the Wy° j ncvermadcaay account of thefe otKiaochians: bunt feems th according to the faying of the Cbwefes, Countries, in regard that the Inhabitants according^ S ^ ^ c , j( . were wild and uncivil in their Co " ver ^,^ ’ £ vcry well, that the Inhabi- nefes did this more out of fear, ^dweredefirous to live rather, rants far exceeded them have their own King, then conformable to their own Laws, chinefes. At the beginning of the fubmic their Necks under the yoke 1 hundrc d and ninety Reignof the Family of the T^^ undJr S of the Emperour H«n g »us t years, thefe people were br ? U ? h ' petty King, called Cbm, who but this Country was Covernours, who were of the Family of ty, foon was made away by his thi W | ien t he Emperour Jungles o' and fo poffeffed themfelves of the r ' 1 ; h( . £;lufed two of the Cover- ferved the croublcfom condition of that Kmga , nours The Embassy of the ?o nours to be put to death, but the third elcaped by flight, and the Emperour af- terwards reduced the Kingdom of Gaiwan into a Province ; but he had no fooner laid down his Arms, but the Fugitive Ly began to appear again in the Field and made bimfelf Matter of the Kingdom ; which done, he fpeedily fent Embaffadoui s to pacifie the Emperour. At that time Sivantetts was Emperour, a peaceable Man, and was more a Slave to his Pleafure, then a Prince of his Coun tries. This Emperour being weary of all thefe Mutinies and Troubles made over again this Country to this fame Ly , and inftalled hiiri as a petty Prince, upon condition that he (hould fend to him every three years an Embaflitdour.with great Prefents: and in thrs manner thefe Parts were divided from the Empire of China about the year ,428. But thefe Countries notwithftanding all this, grew very troublefom, beingfull ofDrvifions, fo that at laft they cam? to be divided into thiee parts ; the one was called the Kingdom of Laos, the fecond the Kingdom ofTunkjng, the third Couchinchina y which at prefent are no other then part of the Provinces of Qnangft , and Junnan. P ( 1 The inhabitants of thefe three Kingdoms, Laos y 'tunhjng, and CoHchmckim follow the Religion of the Chtmfcs : They Iikewife ufe the Cbm.fi Chara-’ flers though they differ very much in fpecch and pronunciation from them Thefe Countries are very fruitful,,, every thing belonging to the fuflenance of Mankind ; amongft other innumerable Trees and Fruits, there grows a Bean which makes an Oyl or Juice, which the Pom^effes call K ofamalU : From hence- . “® 5 s . I,kew,fe ,n g" at abundance, that Eagle-wood, which is of a Purple Colour and ,s k "«" « f 'Spaniard! by the name of Utw, and ufed inCT/Jto dye and colour Silk Stuffs ; tt produces likewite good (lore of Linnen, Silk, and Cotton mann^fakhrtht'in 1 tt VVoo’d^Ts ; ^ Uponthe .o'" of the fame Month, we had a moft violent Temnett , Ced r, fh'\ which we if f hc ° e the Yaci,t mingled a T J hide ° US fo that we were hourly expcffinfthe loT "If bo h If T" the Decks > wefaw a Ship driving without Matts but cmfld^ot ^f uf '' byt, ’ eWa >' next day about nooS, the Stonn be« n ,o t ° f"" fi ’ e Was ' Tl >c we were able to make fome fmall Saif ardfa C> om ucd that toward night driving, which had loft all her Mafts and R ^ 3 ^ ,ftancc a ftout J onc k unto her.fhe told us thar (h * c, c i d ! v,g S ,n S ,n the Storm : Coming near i ? , , S,tiiat ,he Gamc f rom Camboye . bound for Tevr»*» a „d I us that the wind had fo far dd*,™ +u \ l 7 . ie J™ an , and informed fo that they defired to tl,em - llat ^ W quite loft their courfe, fwered their requeft, and (hewed them the ttreafc , ?• , We willingly an - Farmofa, for which they thanked us and firerr t rl rl ! n> “ pt ° tbe ,llanJ the interim we repaired our l2\,7r! r thetr courfe accordingly. I„ a Weft wind, North North-eaft. * ' ° r ers ’ W,IC1 l0ne > we failed with height of twenty one Degre^n'd t°en Mbum"* 1 ' f accoa \ and ke pt up the and the next morning we fet Sail. We faw lying imo^thelh"' 8 T An , cbored > but not one would come aboard, notwithftlndinn all rhef 0 " feVera ,° ars * invite them, fo wondrous fearful thevare of rUn p g « !^ §nS wc made to that time held the Coaft in continual A1 h Pyrate cokefing them, who at to be. W C ° nt,nuaI whom they undoubtedly took us Two days we failed under this Iftand thence ™rr u u - ? thence P a{ bng by the moft Famous and' Whether land EajlAndiaXompany. and Wealthy City of Maccoa : And though we came not near her, yet I lhall re- late what I have underftood from other?, concerning the Magnificence of this Place, whereof you have a draught as it was taken at Sea. This Seat (which for many Ages has been held for the greateft Trading City in all Afia ) lies upon a little hanging Ifland, fixed to a greater, and is built upon a very high Rock, which rifes out of the Water ; whofe Wall is walhcd round about by the Sea, except on the North-fide, where it ft icks to the Land by a little flip, fo that of the Sea on the one fide, and the Mountainous fituation on the other, it is held invincible againft the power arid ftrength of any whatfo- ever. The Sea which furrounds this place, is not very deep, fotbat there is no Harbour near with any great Ships. This City exceeds all others for great Can- non, which are to be had there at a reafonable rate, and wherewith they drive a confiderable Trade , for they are held to. be the beft in all India , being caft of Cbinefe and Japan Copper, and are fent for far and near. On the fide of the Land ftand only two Caftles, upon two fmall Hills, which are however a great defence to the City againft any Invafion : This Seat ha? nothing of Trees, or the like, to hinder a fair Profpe made U P ‘he River, and came about noon to th b Kfl ^ o' thcy WC “ a Sh ° rC ’ and werefrom cortduae< by the Mafterof the Ceremonies to the Governours Pallacc. At their entry they found the Governour fitting at a high Table in the Hall betw.xt then, two Marins, guarded with Souldiera ^ tho * 1 W jr ’ L*Jivi VerC -rviceable unto us. After Complements palled , th< mba adours fliewed their Credentials at a difiance, againft which the Man. rofirV not J; n g '° objefi : And then Chairs were fet for the Embafladour- whom they' wTcondufted rotlLV^ * Sh /£, ZfZ thC UfUa ' " lan r nC I’ and Spread their Credos upoUTfaXthe^ bTb^SSS'^ when. 7 j\Q?t her land EaJl'India-Companj. . when, by whom, and to whom, as alfo to what end the Letters were written, and the Embaffadours addreft themfelves > what Prefents we had brought in perticular for the Emperour > They feemed to wonder very much, that the Em- baffadours had brought no Letter to the Tutang in Canton ; and that the Letters were put up fo meanly ; for they let them underftand,that the Letter to the Empe- rour ought to have been put into a Golden Purfe, or Box, atleaft. At laft they thus made aconclufion, that the next day they would come aboard our Ships to receive the Prefents : hereupon the Embaffadours departed and went aboard again. The next day the fame Commiflioners, with a great many Courtiers, came aboard, bringing with them feveral Veffels, very handfomlyfet off with Silk Flags and Pennons, to take in the Prefents, as well for the Emperour, as the Canton Vice-Roys, and the Tutang ; which they received with great civility. The Hey ton came hirafelf aboard to bid us welcom, and carried the Embaffadours, with their Secretary Henry Baron , and four of their Followers, in one of their Veffels, to the City of Canton , being accompany ed with the Vice-Admiral ; where being arrived, thefaid Commiflioners went into the City, without fpeaking one word to our Embaffadours. And afeer that the Retinue had ftayed at leaft two hours at the Gates of the City, they were at laft fent for in the name of the Vice-Roy, and conduced to a Lodging without the Walls, where formerly Mr. Schedel had lodg’d, and there guarded and taken care of by the City Marlhal. The next day, being the 31. there came to our Lodging, with Commiflioners, a Mandorin, Poetfienfin , the Emperours Treafurer, having the fourth voice of the Government in the City : When they began again to move feveral queftions to the Embaffadours, asking them how many years they had been Married, their Names and former Employments', as like wife if they had no Copy of the Letter to the Emperour, and whether that Letter was not writ upon better Paper, then the Epiftle to the Vice-Roys : Wherefore, and to what end they were chiefly fent, how their Prince and King was called ? with feveral other Queftions : Then they feemed to Mutter, and be difpleafed at the flight Fafliion of the Credenti- als. To the requeft which the Embaffadours made, that they might have Audience of the Vice-Roys, and have leave to go for Peking, they gave no anfwer 5 but going with the Letters to the Vice-Roys, they returned again about noon, and then they began to ask whether the Prince and Government of Holland had no Stamp nor Great Seal for their Letters, and from what Age of the World they were Dated. And as concerning the defire of the Embafladours, they gave them to underftand, that neither the Vice-Roys, nor the Tutang nor any body elfe in Canton , had the power to give Audience to any Embafladours before they had firft received an anfwer to the Letter which they had fent from hence to Pe- king concerning them: However they gave order that the Yacht fliould be brought near to the City, andpromifed that the Vicc-Roys (to wel- come the Embaffadours in a more then ordinary manner, and to view the Prefents which they had brought to the Great Cham) would appear perlonally at their therefore upon the fecond of ‘oMowdeBnj baffadour with our Yacht, four great Men of War of the \ >“-Roys appo.^d tocondu&us up the River. About the evening we came to an Anchor, ne a fmal 1 Gaftle where the River is above two Miles broad, and has lying upon K ^ The E mb assy of the in Villages, which are mighty Populous, and Fruitful Fields, which afford twice a year the labouring and diligent Country-man a rich Harveft. Upon the fourth of the fame Month, we came before the Famous and chief City of Canton , which is called by fome Quancheu , and the firft Capital City of the Kingdom of Qnantung : after our devotions, and the taking order about every thing aboard our Ship, we went that day a Shore to the Embaffadours, whom we found lodged in a Stately Edifice, fituated upon the River fide (overagainft which lay our Yacht) and formerly had been an Idol Temple. The Vice-Roy had ordered two Mandorins that they fhould guard with a good number ofSouI- diers the Gates for our fecurity. But no fooner was the Yacht come to the Embaffadours lodgings, but they muft immediately (though againft their minds) return aboard again ; ’under pre- tence that no Embaffadours which are fent to the Emperour, are to refide at Can- ton, without exprefs order from his Imperial Majefty. They likewife al!eda c d for their excufe, that the Governours of Canton would not be able to anfwer to the Emperour concerning any mifehief or accident, which might happen to the Embafladours being a Shore. Afterwards the Mandarins , Foetfienfin , and Hex- ton, brought the Credentials opened aboard, faying, that the Vice-Roys durff not a ^ccpt or keep them, before that they had received advice from the Imperial City As at the beginning, for the better undemanding of the whole relation of our Travels, I gave an account in fhort of all the great and fmall Cities of the Ten Kingdoms in China , through which I did not Travel : So I now find my felf ne cefftatcd for the more particular information of the whole Empire of China to relate in fhort the remaining Five Provinces, each in his due place and the number of Cities, into which each Province is divided i all which I fc w my felf . The Kingdom of Quant ung, which is the twelfth in number (amonpft th/tc into which all China is divided) is encompaffcd on the Weft with the Province *§*&> on rhe North-weft and North with that of Kiangfi ; on the No rtl> eaft it boiders upon Fokjng , from which it is feparated by fteep Hills and Mduiv. tains, and the River Ting : All the reft of the* Kingdom boJc ™ caufe why fo many fafe Harbours and Roads for Shipping, are in thefepar The Country is in fome places fiat arid even, and in others Hilly and Mountainou ‘ l vS“ Wa OU a,We0ftenfOUadt0 OUr inconvenience upon This Kingdom produces all things ncceffary for the lufteiiance of Man as lit wife feveral forts of Rich Wares and Commodities, as weScTal „ NaS ‘od e r fey r ,eIdS L he HuS ^ ndman ^ ru,ts twice a year, as Rice, Corn, and other ( iodu,Ss , for in her you have no cold weather all Winter, fo that the ChimC,, have a Prove* among them, that there are three very flrange things in olan viz The Heaven who,,' Snorr, Tree, Green in iL er J ^Z and,he bb **?*' S P>‘i”Z Bbod; for firft of all it never Snows Le tt Trees never u n pe„ w,g d and the Inhabitants continually chewing tt leaves of d aS2 e 8 ^ h T r s ^o°r’ StecUron ’ Sa,t ' Pe ^ gneffes bring thither out of Europe woven of Gol tster u r ftrange unto them, they will immLiatere^eavour to 2 Cu e ’ W ^ h b Ihort time will accompli* what they undertake : For I gave'a clfeoWftrh etherland EajlAndia - Comparrjt, a Silver Button to make a fett by ; and the next day he brought to my lodging what I had befpoke, very Curioufly wrought, as if he had been ufed to fuch work, though he had never done the like before j which argues their ingenuity to be very great. Amongft other Fowls which are to be feen in this Country, are great ftore of Dnckj, which the Inhabitants have the art and way to raife and encrcafe, beyond all the reft of their Neighbours. This Province is governed (asalfo each of all the other Provinces) in the Em- perours name by Govcrnours, who by thofe of Europe (bccaufe their Offices and Employments much refetnble Vice* Roys) are called petty Kings, who commonly refide in the firft chief City of the Province. When we were at Canton , Qnantung was governed by two Vice-Roys, where- of one in regard of his years, was called the old, and the other the young Vice- Roy. The PortngueJJ'es called the young King Halick^ Mancebo. The Vice-Roys of Qnantung take place of all the Governours of the other Provinces, bccaufe fituated upon th^Frontires of the Kingdom, and far remote from the Imperial City Pokings and borders alfo upon the Sea ; by which the High-ways are troubled with Robbers, and the Sea with Pyrates : Therefore the Emperour orders that the Vice- Roys of Quantung (hall command over the Province- of guatitung, though this laft, as the other Provinces, has alfo particular Vice-Roys. This Country was formerly a Kingdom of it fclf, and called Nainve , and firft brought under the command of the Cbinefe Emperours, at the end of the Reign of the Race of Cheva\ yet however it did not continue long under that power, but revolted, and would be ruled by none but the Kings of Nainve. The Emperour Hiaorus at laft (of the Family of Hand) conquered this part fince which time it has been fubjeft to the Emperours of China. In this Province are Ten chief Cities, and Seventy Three finall Cities, without j, cr reckoning amongft them the City of Maccao , famous for Traffick and Com- 01 The Ten chief Cities are thefe i as Qnancheu , or Canton , Xaocbeu , Nanb/ung , Hoticbeu , Cbaocbeu , Cbaokjng, Kaocbeu , LienchtUy Linchen> and A imtcbeu. The chief City of guanchen commands over Fifteen fmall Cities, amonglt which I do not reckorTMaccao, though it lies under the command of this chief City. The Fifteen fmall ones of this great City, are thefe i as Qnancben, or Canton, Xnnte, Tungvon, Cengcbing, Hiangxan, Sinboei, Cingyven , Sinning , , Lung* hoa,LnngHnen, Sanxni , L ten, Jangxan , Tienxan , and Singan. The Second Capital City Xaochen, commands over Six fmall i Cities, as Xaochen, Locwg, Cingboa, Juywu.Vngycn, and Ingtc. The Country about this chief City ,s or N anbmg, and commands over Two Cl The Fo^rthcldcf City is Hoticbeu, and commands over Ten fmall <-mes, as , Hocicheu, Polo, Hdifnng , H oiven, tungch»e«,Cbangh, Hingmng, Hof mg, Changing, “ T^Fifth chief City is Cbaocbeu, and commands Hkewife over Ten final! pities, as Cbaocbeu, Cbaoyang, Kieyang, Chinghtang, Jaofing,Taf», Hoeilai, Cingl , ^ 'ikS City is Cbaokjng, and commands over Eleven Cities, as Chao- Xangchun, Lg^ng, Caom.ng, Gmfingjeiing^uangning, Fuchuen y and Kalkjen. • The The Embassy of the The Seventh chief City is Caocheu, and commands over Six fmall Cities, as Caocheu , lienpe , Sing y Hoa , Vuchnen , and Xeching. The Eighth chief City is Liencbett , and commands over Four fmall Cities, as Liencben , Knig, Lingxan, and Xelien. The Ninth chief City is Lnichen , and commands over Three fmall Cities, as LtticheUySnikjy and Sinven. The Tenth chief City i sKinnchen, fituated in thelfland of Hainan , and com- mands over Thirteen fmall Cities ; as Kinncben , Lincao^Tingan , Veuchnng , Horz- /#»£, Loboeiy Chen, Cbangboa , Linxniy Tai , and Cangen. In this whole Province are Ten Forts or Caftles, which ferve for the defence of the Province and the Sea ; The names whereof are thefe, Taching, Tung , Hanxahy Gingbai , Kiacu, Kiexe , Ciexing, Hiung , Junching , and Ciungling. The Cbinefe Toll-book (wherein the number of the people of each Province is fet down) makes mention of four hundred eighty three thoufand, three hun- dred and fixty Families, and nineteen hundred feventy eight thoufand and twenty Fighting Men in this Province. J The Taxes which this Province pays yearly to theEraperour, amounts to ten hundred feventeen thoufand feven hundred and twenty two Bags of Rice and feven thoufand three hundred and fourfeore weight of Salt. CANTON. C Antony the firft chief City of this Kingdom, lies upon the height of twenty three Degrees Northern Latitude, and is furrounded toward the Eaft Welt, and North, with very Fruitful and Delightful Hills, and borders toward the South fo very much upon the Sea, that on that fide there is no part of all China lo commodious to Harbour Shipping, where they likewife arrive daily from all quarters of their \\ °rld, with all manner of Goods, wherewith they make a con fiderable gain : It lies likewife upon the right fide of the Ri vJ To, where it S£r Whatn r W ^ Ut l0 T tOW3rd the Sea itf P reads fuch a breadth, that it feems more like an Ocean, then a Stream. For three miles upon this Ri- ver rs this City of Canton walled in, and iome places adorned with rich and podu- lous Suburbs, which are not much inferiour to the ordinary Cities both in lv nefs and number of Inhabitants. Y ^ b ° th 10 b, g" On the water fide, the City is defended with two Rows of high and thick Forts'* Th^fk r7 ng , th r nCd T lth feVCraI BuIwarks > Watch-towers, and other ’ though befide thefe works, there are two other Rrong Water Cafiles u iciare uilt in the middle of the River, which render this City invincible 7 One of thefe two Caftles, which Ifawmy felf, and which doth not much differ in y thing from the other, I took an exa& draught of, which you havf» t, pre ented, fhewing the ftrength of the place, and in what manner built, ^ The “ AftfdrTempk, h a Fart. c,.tL land Gate. K they inH HMcrjatr / Second UMercjah, • J The Wall of the City c the Place where thel m Thr Jmkafradrrj- houfc // !,*„(}. Tart*w are &aercijej 0 lt/ir < whi lle tber land Eajl'lndi a^Company* 37 The City is likewife defended and fur rounded on the land fide with aftrong Wall, and five ftrong Caftles, whereof fome are within the Walls, and others without upon the tops of fteep Hills, fo that this City is fufficiently both by Sea and Land defended againfi all the Invafions of any Enemy whatfoever, and in the opinion of fome feems invincible. What concerns the Idol Temples, Courts, and Palaces of great Lords, and other rare Edifices, which are to be feen here, there is no City in all Afta that fhews the like. Here alfo are likewife feveral Triumphal Arches, which have been erefted to the honour of fuch as have done their Country fervice, which are no fmall Ornament to the place : For from the Water-Gate, to go dire&ly on to the Kings Palace , I told in that line only, no lefs then thirteen Stately Triumphal Arches made of hewn Stone, which are fo fet out with Figures and Infcriptions in Carved Work, that all who behold, admire them as wonders* And this being one of the greateft and mofi confiderable Ornaments wherewith the Cbinefes adorn their Cities, I have for the better demonftration of the Work- manfhip, fet before you the following Printed draught of one of them, that you may take a full view of every part, and fo may judge of all the reft, which are generally built after one and the fame fafhion. Thefe Arches are commonly built with three Stories, fo Artificially, that we may very well fay, that neither Wit nor Ingenuity were wanting in their Contri- vance. Round about the Pillars, and in other places, are writ feveral Chinefe Cha- raaers, and alfo cut feveral Flowers, Beafts, Birds, and other curious Ornaments, as I fuppofe Emblematical. The Embassy of the in ^rjina^wnou lhis Canton exceeded formerly in Shipping all other chief Cities Ships likewife were counted the befi Sailers ; for the Inhabitants went beyond ali °^ e [ j [ Jine f es ,n Navigation, to the Iilands of Formfa , Japan , and other parts which did very much encreafe the Wealth and Commerce of the place. That you may the better take a view of the fituation of this moft Famom City, I here prelent two draughts, the one the Profped as upon the Water, the other Ochnographtcal, of their Streets, Ground-plats, of their Temples, Walls. Caltles, Houles, and whatfoever elfe. They fay this City before the lafi Wai was fo wondrous populous and full of Traffick, that daily there wereatleaft fivt or ix Men crowded to death, in palling through the Gates, which will notfeem a together mcredib e, ifyou confider the number of the Adjacent Villages which cun Dd iT' th A Pe0p9 “ nftant 'y reforting thither. This City hath been twice lubdued by Arms and they fay, that in the laft Siege there were (lain above one urn red thoufand Men. I /hall relate to you in ftort what hapned to Canton , during that terrible and bloody Invafion. ’ After that the Tartars hadmade themfelves Mafters of all China , (except fome few Sea-Towns) they fell with fuch a formidable Army into this Provmce of Quan ung, t lat lardly any City how ftrong or populous foever, durft withftand them i but every one endeavoured (for prevention of her total RuinOto re- ccive ie Conquerour upon the beft terms they were able. This Canton Trelv rcS FOrtS a , nd , CaftleSj 0n, ^ bid defiance to rl Cr- t which Lft o^ P | Ta^b” 0 * a lKt i e . e " C0Urage che Cbine f‘ Inhabitants, but that' had one J,™ o Zk fid? who had the '° *"'7' ^ ** with he daily fnrniflied the City with all neceffarv Prnvifi™ T i t x were were couragioufly beaten off by the Befieged, with great lofs of Men and Arms This brave defence of the Inhabitants made the Siege to laft a whole year, and becaufe of their ftrong Garrifon, the Befieged were able to make fo many Sallies upon the Befiegers, that they at laft found themfelves fo ftraightned, either to make one general affault with their whole Army, or elfe battel ’d to raife their Leagure. Butamongft thofe which did moft prejudice to the Tartars , w r ere two Hol- land Gunners, who had Married Chinefe Women, and fetled themfelves there, and through their Advice and Conduft the City held out fome months longer*, but at laft the Tartars having made a great breach with their Ordnance in the Wall of the City, which might have encouraged them to have made a general Storm *, yet they thought convenient to delay it, until they had corrupted fome of the chief heads of the City, and had formed fuch a confpiracy therein, that fo they needed not to fear any mifearriage in the attempt. The Vice-Boys who governed over this Kingdom at that time when we were there, had then the chief command over the Tartars : Thefe endeavoured to corrupt the Governour of Canton , with great promifes and fums of Money, figni- fying withal unto him in thefe words; l hat be fhottld confider into what extream danger he was brought, and what d if afters were hanging over his Head ; that if fo be he either loved him f elf, or his Relations y he fjouid forthwith furrender the City ; and this his favour they prom i fed to requite with an eternal Friendship , higher pre- ferment , and forty thou f and Toel of Silver. The Pufillanimous and Faithlefs Chinefe Governour, whether that bis heart mif-gave him, ' or the Money and large promifes tempted the Man : So it is, though he might very well have defended the City, that contrary to his Oath and Honour, he made a promife to the fame Tartarian Commanders to fet open a Gate to the Beftegers at the appointed hour; which he accordingly performed. It was upon the 24. o f November, in the year 1650. when the Tartars upon this advantage rufhed with their whole Army into the City, which was loonfub- dued by them, the Befieged not being in a condition to make any reftftance ; for no fooner was the Tartar horfe got in, but they rid with great lwiftnels through all the Streets, to hinder the Chinefes from gathering together , and though the Chinefes were not inferiour in number to the Tartars, yet they efte&ed nothing, being in diforder, andfurprized by the treachery of their Governour ; fo that the beft courfe any could ufe, was to fave himfclf by flight. The whole Tartar Army being got into the City, the place was loon turned to a Map of mifery, for every one began to tear, break, carry away what- foever he could lay hands on ; The cry of Women, Children, and Aged People, was fo great, that it exceeded all noife of fuch loud diftraflions ; io that from the 26 .of November, until the 15. of December, there was heard no other cry in the Streets, but Strike, Kill, and Deftroy the Rebellious Barbarians ; all places full of woful Lamentations, of Murder, and Rapine: Thofe that were able to ranfom, bought their lives at dear rates, and fo efcaped the hands of theie In- humane Slaughterers. At laft the Vice-Roys, and chief Commanders of the Army, upon the fixth of Winter month, did ftriaiy forbid any fuch cruel Mur- dcr to be committed hereafter: And I was credibly informed that during .the fpace of eighty days, above eight thoufand were killed in cold b ood by the 7 *.- ,L : Others (amongft which the Jefuite Martims ,s one m his Book of the Tartar War) fay there were flair, above one hundred thoufand, which. snot altogether improbable, in regard of the great .number there : penn , i up. t Vn * though this City was thus lamentably laid wafte, yet through tb?gre Vice-Roys, it was in a few years after reftored to her iormer lufire. After After that the Embaffadours had been three weeks aboard, without coming a Shore all that while, they bad leave given to Land with all their Follower and were moft nobly received in their former lodgings ; but yet were fo narrowly guarded by a number of f oot-Souldiers, that they were not permitted to go in- to the Streets. s Two days after there came a Mandorine to them in the name of the Vice-Rov who propofed to them, that they (to obtain their ends in China) could not prefent and give lefs to the Emperours Council at Tehing, and the Covernours at Canton, then three hundred thouiandToel of Silver : each Toel is thirteen Ducatoons in Silver. But when the Embalfadours returned him in anfwer, that it was not their defign nor intention to buy the permiflion of a free Trade in China , , and that it would be much better for them, if their bufinefs mu ft be bought out with bubes, to depart forthwith out of China-, thereupon the Mandorine departed from them much difeontented faying, that he had no farther order, but would report back what they had declared, and withal advifed them to fay until they mould hear farther from Peltjng. ^ ' When n°y he EmbarTadours for the performing of this heavy and unreafo- able demand, were called upon day after day, they concluded to cafe them- felves of the continual clamours of thefe people, by promifing one hundred htrty five Toe! of Silver: but finding that they demanded intereft for the dif- urfed Monies, the Embaffadours rcfolved to depart, wherein they were ore vented by order from the Vice-Roys, who fent exprefs word thafthev were not to go away, until farther advife were come from Pehjne. But they in the mean time hearing no farther mention made of the Intereft Tneiof n sM lm r , the,r h u nd u f ° r tbC P 3 > ment of one 1‘^'dted thirty five " 7,^ the Vice-Roys feemed fo well fatisfied, that they invited the Embaffadours to a moft Splendid Feaft , upon the nineteenth o(Septei,.ffer. In an open Plain were pitched ten rich and /lately Tents bv WheTenf f t 3 " 8 ! 1 ? W,ltTeof VO U have in the ad)oyninn Print’ the Tent which flood in the middle, fate both the Vice-Roys and tke°Kitana Tent on the left ^ the right for the Muficiansf Uptn t h e cornef of th^^nT P rr° n dours, were placed feveral Tuglers anrl Fi^l i j r C o ^ t ^ c E^baifa- with Trumpets, and SlS tla^S^^ 0 ?’ another fpeak. The concourfe of fevera for ‘fl r 71? ° ne curiofity from the City, and the adjacent Vilba °f S Came out whole Plain was covered with people. The Embaffadouf Je'rl fondufted fram r t he c hkf th ” them, they were re-conduSed to their Tents by the famT^XX the people, whereupon every body gave wav which'Tf 7 Cr ? wdi "? tlllou S h in no fmall efteem amongft them • p P i I’ l IS i a f ^ at f bis Man is richly embroidered with Gold and Silver I>asons a 'Tn,f r COl °, Ur M k , Coat on ’ Chain of the beft Corral * andafr^r tU‘ ^ 5 , an< ^ a b QU >t his Neck hung a and other great Perfons * for none of ^ l mni \ er Mandorines are habited, Kke Colour and ^ are fufeed to wear the rZ£' t r/rr h ” Roys, as alfo for the Tut ana which r 1 a i VCred for the tWo Vice " was likewife another Table prepared fo/T v l a 'T y Carpets - There oie prepared for the Embaffadours, heaped with feveral forts S\fetberland Eajl'lndta'Compdny . ¥ forts of Diflies and Sweet-Meats, moft delicately ordered to pleafe-fhe Palate; upon each Table ftood above forty Chargers, all of Maffie Silver, fome whereof were very Artificially wrought, and in each Difh were feveral forts of Viands*, the Mufick. entertained us all Dinner-time, aswell Vocal, as Inftrumental, much ravifhingthe Ear *, and to (hew that we were no Novices in this Science, but knew very well how to touch the like Inftruments, the Embafladours caufed one of their Followers to give the Vice-Roys a leffon upon their own Harpfica 1 , which exceedingly pleafed them. The chief Inftrument which the Cbinefes ufe, is fmall, with few firings, and thofe of Silk ; for Gut or Wycr are not in ufe among them. The Cittern, or fomething like it, which fome of them handle well, is very common there, and they ufe alfo a nobler Mufical Tool, much like our Violin, but differing in Tone : Befides thefe they have another Inftrument called Xunga y which is in much requeft, and often ufed by them to work upon the affe&ions of the people ; but above all, the Cbinefes are wonderful expert in the ufe of Snapocrs, or Caftinettas, with which they always Dance. At the beginning of the Dinner, there were feveral bottles of The or Tea, ferved to the Table, whereof they drank to the Embafladours, biding them welcom : This drink is made of the Herb T be or Cba y after this manner ; they infufe half a handful of the Herb The or Cba in fair water, which afterwards they boyl till a third part be confumed, to which they adde warm Milk about a fourth part, with a little Salt, aud then drink it as hot as they can well endure. The Chine - fes boaft as much of the excellency of this infufion, as the Alchymifts of the Vertues of their expe&ed Elixir. After the Embafladours had drank of this Tea oxThe, the Steward defired them to fall to : Oppofite to them fate both the Vice-Roys, and th eTutang, who were very merry at Dinner, asking feveral queftions concerning the condition of llol- Undfhc conftitution of the People, their Cuftoms, Manners, Traffick,Government, with many other particulars, which the Embafladours having fully anfwercd, the Vice-Roys by their comportment feemed to be well fatisfyed.^ At Dinner they drank often to the Embafladours, defiring them to excufe their bad Enter- tainment, and to call for what they had a mind to : about the middle ot the Treatment, the Embafladours began the healths of the Vice-Roys, in a Glals ot Spanifb Wine, which pleafed them fo well, that they forfook and utterly relin- ouifht their own liquor called Samson, which is very pleafant to the tafte, and not much inferiour to any of our Wines : It is made of Rice, and drank by moft of the Grandees in that Country ; for the common People ufe only tor their drink the before-mentioned infufion of Beans, and by the heal th and conftitution offuchas ufe the fame , it appears tobe amoft foveraign and wholfom drink : Both thefe Liquors are drunk very hot, and never offend the ftomach though tal lTis afmdft C incredible for any body to believe (unlefs they had feen it) in wtetStateand Pomp thefe Idolater, and 1 Heathen Princes hve^ oood orders their People are Governed ; for as weH high as l ^ ^ C /( S ^ an Courts of the Vice-Roys (which are betwixt two and ^ d f f „ their Affairs with fo much quietnefs and expedition, that all things wer SZ Vto-B T , fill "‘T’F'tSSrri tofViX. the ground. Dinner being ended, t e m received and thereupon Roys, gave them thanks forthc gteat honour they had reserved, ana . ^ , The Embassy of the they were difmifled, and conduced to their lodgings by l'ome of the Courtiers, where they fpent the reft of the day in Mirth and Jollity. In the mean time the Tutang having writ to the Imperial Court at Tel^ng^ that the Embaffadours were come to offer an Alliance to the Emperour, and had brought with them confiderable Prefents for his Majefty : But receiving no an- fwer, the Vice-Roys writ the fecond time about this bufinefs to the Court, and fignified in plain terms, that the Embaffadours were come thither, not only to falute his Royal Majefty, but likewife to procure leave to Traffick with their Ships in his Territories, and to have residence there as his own Subjefts. To thefe two letters came, after four or five months expectation, his Imperial Majefties anfwer ; the Contents of the firft were, that the Holland Embaffadours, with fome few of their Followers, and four Interpreters, fhould have Licenfe to come to Fekjng, to Treat with his Imperial Majefty concerning the number of Ships they intend to bring to Canton , and the time of their coming ; but with this condition, that the reft of their Followers fhould remain in their Ships at Canton without railing any Commerce, till the returns of the Embaffadours. But the Contents of the fecond anfwer were more moderate and pleafing ; for in that his Imperial Majefty was pleafed to grant a free Trade in China to the Hollanders , at the requeft of the Embaffadours j for which great favour, his Im- perial Majefty did expeCi the Embaffadours to come and give him thanks : Upon this the Embaftadours were lodged in a far greater honfe, more commo- dious for them and their goods, whilft they prepared themfelves for their Voyage to Peking. , Upon the fecond of November came the Tutang of Herijn ( hearing of the Royal reception and entertainment which had been given to the Embafta- dours) with feveral Veffels, very bravely adorned with Silk Flags and Pen- nons, to honour and attend upon them , before whofe houfe they lay at an Anchor $ wdiich the Embaffadours perceiving, went aboard the Veffel of the Intang , with fome of their Followers, which was very Artificially built, and Richly hung within This brave Perfon immediately defired the Embaffadours to fit down, declaring withal, that he was heartily glad of their coming, and that nc was come on purpofeto fee and bid them welcom. Then he began to ask with great curiofity after feveral weighty Affairs, to, which the Embaftadours returned^ him an anfw ? er, wherewith he feemed fufficiently fatisfied. The Diicourie being ended, they took leave and returned to their Lodging 5 — ' but ^Y ether land Ectjl-’lndid- Cowipanf. bllt "Ot k. n g after they were followed by this Tntdng, accompanied byT^ many Gallant Perfons that waited upon him, who landing at the fame time with the Embaffadours, conned them to their lodging folemnly in State. Thi“ T»f«g having v.fited every thing, gave order for his drink to be brought a Shore' and preiented to the F.mbafladours, whom he entertained with the fhew of filch and fo ftrong inclination and affcaion, as if a perpetual Amity had b-en con firmed between thofe Nations; at laft after he had taken leave, he 'returned aboard his Velfels. About this time the Inhabitants of the Province ofQuangfi began to Rebel and Mutiny againfi: the Grand Tartar Cham y or Emperour of China, fo that for their fupprefling and reduftion to obedience, a great Army was raifed, and the command thereof given to the young Vice-Roy, who like a prudent and expert Captain, had provided all things neceflary, which are requifite upon the like occafion : And in regard order was given to Tranfport the Army by Water, this Vice-Roy caufed leveral Tents to be pitched upon the Margines of the River, on purpofe to accommodate there at a Treatment the old Vice-Roy, and the Noblemen of the Court at his farwel. As he rid to the Water fide, this young- King was mounted upon a Dapple Gray Horfe, with his Quiver of Arrows faftned about his middle, and his Hanger by his fide, as is to be feen in the annexed Print, taken from the life : The Coat he had on Was lined with Sables, and the wrong fide outward : He wore a Red Cap lined with Sables, and behind (which declared the Royal Dignity, for no ordinary perfon is fuftered to wear the like) hung the end of a Peacocks Tail : The Saddle Cloth was Gold Tiflue embroide- red, and about his Neck hung three great Tafsels which touched the ground. Thus richly Accoutred he rid to the Great Jom\t o take his leave there, which vas performed with much ftate and Hilarity. The Gian ee> weie reate in everal Tents ; the Embafiadours had alio a Tent provided for them, wher y vere mod nobly Carrefled. The Feafi: being ended, they took leave of each )ther, wifliing his Majefty health and good fuccefs, for which t ey re ur e hankful acknowledgments, and io parted. . c , A few days before bis departure, wh, I ft they were making PyP^atmns for the \rrny this Vice-Koy fent to his Wizards, Sorcerers, and South* ayers efpo'ufe: the C/,«W «i« no fmall belief) who drawing the« P^ons from the Configurations and Pofition of the Stars, and f P 0 f of the entrails of Fowls, and the like 5 for themoft part Aftrologically fore- tclline good or bad fuccefs to the intended expedition. Thefe Jugling Augu- rs confuted, they pofitively returned to the King, both by Birds and Malignant Afpeftsofthe Sky, the whole undertaking would be unfortunate, andmoft pre- judicial both to himfel^ t . r ir But this young Prince being wholly bent upon the defign to purchale himlelt immortal Honour, by Prowefs and Force of Arms, was refolded to proceed, not- withftandingall thofe great difcouragements from his Fabling Fortune-Tellers 5 for fo they proved, the" fuccefs falling quite contrary, and their miftake Fortune putting on the right fide, he brought under abfolute fubje&ion the whole Pro- vince to the Tartar : on which account their vaticination not only proving fri- volous, but quite contrary, they fled, abfconding themfelves, left they might fuffer at the return of the Vice-Roy, whom had he found, they had been handled feverely } but however they being abfent, the Storm fell on their Idols and Temples, which at his return he rafed to the ground, and burnt the Images : Jn the meantime we returned with the Embafladours to our lodging, where we faw the whole Fleet under Sail (having the Army aboard) following the Vice- Roy. Both thefe Vice-Roys were of Noble Families, Born and Educated in the Im- perial City of Pekjng : We thought at firft that the young Vice-Roy had been the Son of the old Vice-Roy, but we underftood afterwards that they were no- thing a Kin, but were only great Friends, and Princes of one and the fame Power, and who had both undergone one and the fame misfortune j for the Chi - nefe Emperours (for what reafon I know not) bad beheaded both their Fathers : Thefe Sons therefore to prevent the like difafter, rvhich it [cents they dreaded , fled to this Province of Quantung , which at that time the great Cham had invaded with a powerful Army, and had brought moft of the Country under his obedi- ence. This occafion afforded thefe young Princes an opportunity to revenge their Fathers death upon the Emperour : to effe& this , they endeavoured to get fome dependence upon the Tartars , and grounded their complaints to the great Cham , upon the misfortune of their Renowned Families , defiring withal help and affiftance, to reftore the fame by force of Arms. The Great Cham found fo many teftimonies, and good ground for faithful dealing, in thefe Princes, that he conferred upon them both great Honour and Dignity : The eldeft he Ho- noured with the Title of Pignowan, and the other with the name of Synowa ; which amongft the Chine fes are names of the higheft and chiefeft Offices of the Kingdom : Andfuch chief Officers command and rule with the fame power over fome Provinces, as the Vice- Roys here in Europe. That thefe Warlike Princes have fince that time fufficiently revenged the death of their Fathers upon the Chinefes y is very apparent, in regard, that in the Province of Quantung you may ride in fome places, for feveral Miles together, and 1 >t fee a Town or Village ftanding, but great heaps of Stone, and the Ruines of many places, which have been formerly very famous for Trade. In the mean time we continued here for the fpace of fix weeksi without doing any thing, fothat the year 1 6<$. was not only expired, but two months of the next were already likewife fpent , before any thing remarkable was un- dertaken. But foon after the Embafladours fent to the old Vice-Roy to de- fire Audience, and a Pafs to go for Peking ; who thereupon appointed when they fhould come. The manner of our going to Audience was thus j Each a Horfe- back, accompanied with the Mandarin Poetftenftn y and the old and new Hcyton : The Followers and Attendants upon the Embafly were ordered to ride before atadiftancc : The Embafladours having prefented the Letter writ by the Ge- nera! therland Eajl'lndia-Compang. neial John Maa^nykfr to the V,ce-Roy ; Ft was given to the fo bTddT vered to the Great Cham, rtRard the Vice-Roy was not to receive any Letter before the Embafladours had fainted his Imperial Majefiy at Pethg. The Am thence being ended they took leave of the Vice-Roy, and were re condufled "o their lodging after the fame manner, and the next day a Pafswasfent to carry us to P'kjng. The V,ce-Roy undemanding that we were ready for our journey, lent to mvjte the EmbalTadour. upon the of the fame month, to a farwel Dinner. The Galleries, Courts, Halls, and other places of this Court were very Artificially ard Curioufly built, and mod richly furnilhed with Pichires, Silk Hangings, and coflly Carpets. The King for the greater Splendour or the realt, had invited the Mandarines of Canton ; thefe were placed next to one another, upon a rich Carpet fpread upon the floor. At the entrance into the room, on the right hand fate the Embafladours with their Followers, and over againft the Embafladours, the Vice-Roy fate alone, oppoflte to the Embafladours, placed upon a broad feat fourfquare, covered with a curious Carpet, according to the draught in the annexed Print ; in a Lemmon-coloured Gown, embroidered with Golden Dragons, and behind in this Cap he wore their Badge of Royalty, a Peacocks Tayl, about his Neck a Chain of White Saphirs of great value, and in much requeft, being fcarce amongft the Cbinefes , and worn as an Ornament of high efleem only by their Nobles and Perfons of great quality ; on his Thumb alfo he wore an Ivory Ring as an Emblem, flgnifying the undaunted courage of the Tartar People, who likewife ufe Rings upon their Fingers for the defence of their hands when they draw their Bows. 4 * During Dinner, winch was ordered in great Pomp and Solemnity, the Vice- Roy toyed with his Children, who were inftrufted with childifli queflions, taught wanton reparties, and fuch complacencies to diflipate their Fathers Melancholy. Several young and beautiful Ladies were likewife feated near to chear up his Majeflies declining fancy ; thefe alfo had the care and Government of his Chil- dren. The Interpreter told us that this old Vice-Roy maintained feveral Married Women, by whom he had fifty fix Children, all then living : The En- tertainment being ended, and the Embafladours highly Carreffed in folemn manner, took their leaves arid departed to their lodgings : The next day the fame Perfons who had been Treated the day before at the charge of the old N Vice- m lrnuugn Vice-Roy, were invited to the Court or the young Vice-Roy : rum a . himfelf (as above-mentioned) was then departed, and in his march for Quangft, to reduce thofe Commotioners there to his great Matters former Obedi- i ence j yet his Secretary had order to receive and Treat them in a moft Splendid manner i neither omitted he ought that concerned the honour of his Royal Ma- iler : for befides the variety and ttore of well condimented dirties, they were prefented with a farce of various Entries, Mafqucrades, Dancing in fliapes of Lions, Tygers, and Leopards, and other ftrange Creatures of their Country, to the extraordinary fatisfaftion of his Guefts. In the withdrawing room where the EmbartTadours dined, was a window on purpofe, to which the Mother of the young Vice-Roy often reforted to take a view of the Company : She was very neatly and richly drefled after the Tartar fafhion, middle fized, {lender, of a brown complexion, of a pleafing and taking countenance. At our entrance before, we fate down, we found Handing a very rich painted Chair, which was appointed for her Majefty, to which in honour of this great Lady, we humbly paid our rcfpe£ls. Dinner being ended, and the Complements performed, they took Horfe and returned to their lodging. The Embafladours having prepared themfelves for their journey, refolved to be delayed no longer at Canton with any farther Entertainments, fo that within two days after they went by water, they came within four Miles of the City of Peking . The Embafladours had hired a very brave VeflTel to themfelves, having procured fifty more at the Emperours charge to carry their Followers Prefents and Goods ; and in regard it was thought unadvifable to bring our great Ships any higher up the River, We left them at Canton , under the command of Francis Lanfman . A certain Mandorine Pinxenton , had by order of the T«- tang at Canton , the command of this whole Fleet, with whom were joyned two M andorines more for his aflittance, befides the Mariners, and fuch as tugged at the Oar. Thefe Veflels were manned with good ttore of Land-Souldiers, over whom commanded two confiderable perfons to convey us with the greater fafety to Peking. No fooner were the Embafladours aboard, but they caufed the Princes Flag to be hung out, and the Trumpeters to found the Tune of Prince William of Naff au. There were likewife fome Poft-boys (which is very ordi- nary in China') difpatched away before to give notice to the Magiftrates of the refpe&ive Towns, of the coming of the Nether land EmbartTadours, ‘with orders to have them well received , which was accordingly done, till they came to the chief Metropolitan City of Peking. We departed upon the 1 7 th of March with all our Train from the chief City ot Canton, and were rowed up the River oCTai , clofe to the fide of the City, which {hows a mofi Delightful Profpeft upon the Water. The fmall Tovvns, which are very numerous between Canton and Peking , fignified our kind re- ception by the tl^indring voice of their Cannon as we paft. Having faded -and rowed feveral reaches of this broad andfpaciojis River we at laft left the Channel, and ftrook into another (an Arm of this Great one ’that dif-embogues it felf into the fame) toward the North. The Chinefes call this branch Lin, but thofe of Europe, the European Stream. ■w e made fo much fpeed that day, that toward the evening we came to a Village called Sabu ; Tins place though not very large nor famous, yet is of Tlfd' 1 ' >h’ t' 0 "’ a u-M° me j* fr ° m Can,0n 5 thefoil Fruitful, and encom- palr 1 wi.h Trees, Hills, and Vales. There are feveral good Edifices in this by Peafants > and Handicrafts men, which .tie ciuefiy Sdk- Weavers, who !,ve hy Weaving great quantities of Silk StulTs for the Merchants at We flayed here all 'night, aL inSemotlgeariy fet And Sutherland EajlAndiaXompany . — And upon the 19 th of March we came to an Anchor before the City of Xantftn, being the Eleventh fmall City belonging to the chief City of Canton , and lying diflant from thence about twenty Miles, This City on the tight fide of the River, lies in a very plealant Vale, and u irrounded on the Land-fide with delightful Pafiutes and H.Hs : Ins not very irge, but was formerly exceeding populous and full of Trade, ^fe got thus ir {ometlmes with Rowing, Sailing, and Towing agamft the Stream, which had fo red the Chine fes, who were put to this flavilh labour, that we were ° ay by the way, till they had refted and refrefiied themfelves. TheMagifirate f the place cau fed the fide of the River to be guarded with two Foot Compa- ies, wwelcotn and receive the Embafiadours with th ^ more : They fei n ikewife a few Pcefents for the Embaffadours Table, but nnderfiand,^ /as all upon the Emperours account, and by his order, who a a imes more then whaf they fent ; they thought good to refufe the* civ, ht.es. *8 The E m b a s s y of the both here, and in all oth&r places where they came, which they did with great refpecta. Here we went affiore, which was the fird time fince we came aboard ; we pitched our Tent at a little didance from the City, upon the fide of the River, in an open and plain Field. The Tartars in the mean time, to fhowfome paftime, exercifcd their Arms before the Tent of the EmbafiTadours, which was performed by them with much dexterity. Amongft the red, there was one with a Bow and Arrow, who was fo rare a Marks-man, that he (hot thrice together through the white, no broader then the Palm of a Hand, at the di fiance of thirty five Paces, for which he was rewarded with a final 1 piece of Money. The Secretary of the Vice-Roy, (for the more fafety, and for the greater fplendour, having Conduced us thus far)took leave and went back for Canton ; but wasmoft nobly Treated by the Embafladours the night before. We on the other hand made all things ready, and fetfail again with fair wind and weather, but were forced to be Towed up the River, being againft the Stream, and narrow, into which fall feveral Torrents from the Adjacent Hills ; fo that we went but very (lowly, and that with great labour and trouble, which thefe poor Crea- tures are fain to undergo. Here we faw into what a miferable condition the Chinefes were reduced by thelaft War of the Tartars, who put them upon this (laviffi labour of Towing and Rowing their Boats, ufing them worfe then Beads at their pleafure, without any exception of perfons, either young or old. Often the track ways on the River fide are fo narrow, uneven, and deep, that if they fiiould (lip, they would infallibly break their necks, as many times happens; now and then they walk up to the middle in Water, and if any of them grow faint and weary, there is ope that follows, having charge of the Boat, who never leaves beating of them, till they go on, or dye. But thefe poor Creatures are nowhere fo mifcrably Harraffed out, as in this dangerous and deep mountainous part of Sangwonhab ; on which account perhaps, no body will, or dare live there ; for we faw there but one poor defpicable Village, where fome few people dwell, whofe Countenances diffidently declared what hard- (hips they under-went : wherefore the better to exprefs the date and miferable condition of them, I have inferred a draught of their not to be enough pitied Employment, taken from the life, as they Towed usagaind the Stream. The ether land EaJl*-lndia~Compang. The moft Ancient Creeps and Romans , who formerly fubdued whole Coun- tncs, never dealt fo Barbaroufly by thofe whom they Conquered, as thefe un- mcrciM Tartars who by their cruel ufage in this laft Invafion, have not only laid wafte abundance of noble Cities, Towns, and Villages (which are now places tor Birds and Beafts to rooft in) but they have likewife made Slaves of the beft of the Natives. Ml j Upon the 2 i-of March, about midnight we came with all our Train to Sam- 'vwn i the Magistrates of this place met us on the way, and with their refpetfive falutes prefented us for the Table, which for the reafon aforefaid, were not ac- cepted. This place is not very large, lying about forty Miles diftant from Xan- XH * , anc * was formerly for its frtuation potent and populous j but in this laft War wholly ruined by the Tartars , who gave the fame ufage to all fuch Cities as were not able to withftand them. Here we got frelli track-men (ou* ~>ld ones being quite tired) to draw us up the River againfi: the Stream and Torrents, which fall from this wonderful Moun- tain Sangwanhab * whereof I Prefent you here with a draught, cogether with this final 1 City, as it lies environed with the Hills; The heighth of this Mountain is very obfervable, for the tops thereof are inveloped with Clouds , which makes the palfage at the bottom of the Hill obfeure. +9 o On ..c is* On one fide of this Prodigious Mountain, ftands an Idol Temple, Richly Adorned, and moft Artificially Built, to which thefe Poor Creatures refort ; con- ceiving all their welfare to confift in offering to this Idol, whom they adore as their Prefcrver. You climb up by fteps to this Idol Temple, which ftands on the fide of this Mountain next the River. There are feveral ftrange Mountains and Hills found in China , but none are to be compared with this of Sangwonhab , in regard of its fituation and height. Near to Xu{ite, the fecond fmall City of the chief City of Canton , lies a Mountain called Lungmen, from whence runs a Torrent as clear as Chryftal : up- on this Mountain are found certain rough Stones of ftrange and wonderful fhapcS) which the Chinefes make ufe of in their way of Trade. Near to Tung - non, the third fmall City of Canton , lies the Mountain Tahi upon the Sea-fide, where lye thirty fix fmall Iflands : Near to the City lyes likewife the Mountain Huten, Which ferves fuch Skippers as are bound to the Province of Quantung for a Land-mark. Near to Cingyven , the feventh fmall City of Canton , lyes a great Mountain called Talo , which is furrounded with ftcep and fiiarp tops ; amongft which lye rich and pleafant Meadows, where dwell feveral wild and uncivilized people, who oftentimes make inroads upon the adjacent places, to fteal what they can get. Thefe wild and irregular people live according to their own Laws, without any fubje&ion to the Chinefes. Near to the fixth fmall City of Canton-^ lyes a Mountain called Taimuen j from this Mountain the laft Emperour of the Race ofSunga (after that the Tartars had Conquered him, and driven him out of the Country) flung himfelf headlong out of defpairinto the Sea. We were three days together hovering up and down, before we could get from among thefe ftrange and lolitary Mountains 5 and faw only in all that time but one poor Village, called Quantonlow, which lies fo lonely, that ’tis ftrange how any people durft live upon it : In fome places of this Ifland, between the Hills (which is very remarkable) lye feveral pleafant and fruitful Corn Fields. r.V P r° n ^4 ,! ’° f M^w camcwaarMinfinin City called Tnotik, the fixth fmall City ot the fecond chief City of the Province of Quanimg ; here we were ncccflitated to let fall our Anchor, in regard of the violent Stream, and the great Torrents which fall from the Hills ; for thefe that Towed the Boats were quite (pent, and we were forced to give them fome reft to recover their ftrength again. again. This violent and ftrong Stream had driven the Veil'd of the Emhaffi. dours agamft a blind Rock, which did verv much endanaer i r u l e Ship and Goods. This fmallCity lies (as is (hewn in the annexed Printfverv plcafant upon a corner of the River on the ri jht fide over a^ainfi thn ^ i 7 m ta ' !' “ “ With hishai ’ d “different Zig g Wat andb'a'T fied with fiatelyHonfes, and Magnificent Idol Temples; Grounded with pea' fant Hills, delightful ,n Profpeft, the Suburbs well and fufticient, which wasfor' mcrly very rich and populous and is provided with a fafe harbour for Veffeb agamft the .mpetuou, current of this River ; which is a great protection to them in St ' m ;, VVeathcr > P a ®"g U P a nd down. At the entrance of the Harbour on the described aPt>earS * H ' gh Tower > b uilt with great euriofity after the manner here The next day, being the 25. of March, we came in fight of that wonderful and and ftrange Idol Temple called Konianftam , which the Chine fes hold in great Adoration, bringing as rich and fat Offerings thither, as to that of Sangrvonhab . It lyes on the River fide, as you may obferve, in a Solitary, Wild, and Moun- tainous Country ; your firft approaches coijduft you up with convenient Stonc- fteps, after you make your way through blind paths and cavernous pafles, forced withpiuch Art and Induftry : Thefe Idolaters believing as the Ancient Heatfien, that Groves and high Places were moll Venerable Manfions, and yielding a more Reverential Awe to their Gods, and lefs difeovering under a fhade their Priefts Jugling Impoftures. We continued here a while with all our Fleet, till the Natives had performed their devotions at this Temple, which after our Embaffa- dours vifited ; ’tis incredible to relate with how much fuperfiitious zeal, wanting our true lights, they pour forth there their Ejaculations, and as freely their Bounty, offering Prodigally -their Country Produ&sof all fort of Fruits, Birds, and Beads. Upon m Upon the 27. of March , in the evening, we Landed at a place called by the Chinefes M ongley > with a moft pleafant Profpeft at a diftance, and accommodated with ftately Stone fteps> conveying you from the Water fide to the Gate entring the City, which is veiled with high Walls, and fortified with tall Bulwarks, and Watch-Towers. It is wondrous pleafant to view from the Battlements of this City, the adjacent Countries, thick Ihrowded with delightful Woods, and Mant- ling Failures : And in regard our Drudges were quite tired out with Towing their Boats againft the impetuous Stream, we got frelh Yoak-Men from hence, and were no fooner under Sail, but the Embaffadours Velfel run againft a blind Rock under water, which had like to have endangered the lofs both of Ship and Goods. The next day having pall fome Villages, we came to an Anchor in plea- fant Riding, where the Mandorim Piuxenton Treated us with their beloved Then. In -Y ctkcr/iind Eetfl 'Ind - c vttspa V, y . 5 ? In the night to! lowing hapned a molt hideous Tempeft, that wonderfully ter rified and amazed us all ; fuel. peals of Thunder, fuel, tlalhes of Lightning ' that we fuppofed them to be the Dreadful Uihers to the day of judgm^t that the Veflel m winch were the Emperou.s Prefents, drove from her Anchors, I my felf ,n 'Tn'rT dangCr ' 'T! th 'i 1C a PP r °acl)ing Dawn we had a fad review of our fe- TCralDrlafters, many Sh.pslhattered by the Storm, fome Maftlefs Hulls, all their Tackle and Kiggmg torn and fpent, others driven afhore, there ftaved and beaten into pieces, and all their Men Drowned. It was upon the 29 of MWa, when we came with the remainder of our Fleet rLT/. thC CC ° nd . C “ e , f C,ty °\ X f‘ heH: This City lies about thirty miles from or a*. upon an Angle, near the fide of the River ; in refipeft of its fituation and ' latclnu bourtor Shipping, they have a very great Tradeby Navigation. Toward the South thiaR.ver has feveral Names, and is called Scian, and fometimes Sch, and has its Source out of the River Cbm and Va, which both run into one, not far from this Gtty; The place where thefe two Waters meet, is well known by the Chtneje Skippers to their forrow, becaufe of the impetuous violence of the Streams, and the many blind Rocks which skulk under Water on which in ftrefs of Weather they often fuffer Shipwrack. The Chinefes to avoid ‘this dan gcr ^(according to their cuftom) have built here an Idol Temple upon the Water fide, which is always firft vifited by fuch as intend to pafs this way ; where they offer what they have, to be proceed in their Voyage, by the indulgence of this their favouring God. The City (as the Print difeovers) lyes furrounded on one fide with high and delightful Hills ; and on the Eaft-fide over the Water, it has a Suburb, which is very populous, rich, and well built: In the middle of the Water ftands a Tower Artificially built'upon a final! Rock, according to the old falhion of the Chinefes . In view of this City fpreads a mofi pleafant Valley, (which feems Walled in with various Fruit-bearing Trecs^) not far from thence, upon the Mountain Mauhoa, Rands a Cloifter, Neighboured by a fpacious Tem- ple-Church, in which refide many of their Idolatrous Pi iefts. A perfon called Lwz.u ( who had by his Falling and AuftereLife, got himfelf fo great a repute amongft the Vulgar throng, that afrer his death they honoured him as a f nt) built this Cloifter at his own Charge : This Saint Luzu (fas they reported^) wore day and night upon his naked body, Iron Chains, and fpent all his time to grind, and lift Rice for the Munks. Thefe Iron Fetters had made fuch deep impreili- p ons ons into his flefii, which wasalfo putrificd for want of dreffmg and looking after, that nefts of Worms crawled in the uncleanfcd Wounds, of which not one would he fufferto be taken off; for whenfoever any of his Verminous Brood dropt off, he would take it up again and fay, Have you not fufficient to Feajiyour J elves left ? why then forsake yon my body where you are welcom , and thus run away ? Whofe Corps, as the Inhabitants inform us, is ffill preferved in this place. That this was formerly a noble City, full offtately Buildings, the many great Ruines fignifie. There yet remains an indifferent Wall about it, but within nothing but Ruine and aheap of Stones. We pitched our Tents near unto the Walls, where we had a fair reception by the Magiftrates, and Governour, who brought feveral Prcfents for the Table, which were accepted by the Embaffa- dours, being not put upon the Emperours account. After they had faluted each other, and difeourfed of feveral Affairs, they were mod nobly received by the Embaffadours, who Treated them with fo much refpeft, that they were highly pleafed, and promifed to requite their kindnefs upon all occalions ; which done, they took leave, and returned to the City. In the morning early we weighed from thence, and had not long been under Sail, but we drew near a Mountain, which the Tartars for its ftrange fliape and form, call the five Horfes Heads. Upon the Pinaclesof thefc Hills, which are inveloped with Clouds, we faw here and there, (according to the demonftration in this Print) feveral ftrange, as well finall as great Edifices ftanding ; fome of them were Entire, others Decayed and Ruinous, built time out of Memory : And that which feems moft remark- able, was the fituation of feveral of thofe Buildings, which were erected upon fuch high and fteep places, as are altogether inacceflible, that none could imagine a poUible way for thefe People to carry up their Materials. We were very defi- rous to have had a nearer view of thefe Houfes and Inhabitants there ; but we found by experience after fome finall tryal of clambering up, that our endeavours were in vain. We were no fooner part this Mountain of the Five Horfes Heads, but we fel amongft other Rocks and fteep Afcents, which we made a Ihift to efcape, tho.it?! with great danger ; the River being full of lurking fplit Ships lying under Water Therefore the Inhabitants call thefe Rocks the five Vgly Devils . Ai Atlaft we got fafe without any prejudice, to the Iaft Country of Saytjeen : the Mountain of the five Horfes Heads fhews it felf very wonderful to the eye at a diftance, but much more the Tops of the Hills of Snytjeen , which fiand in fuch order upon the River, as if Art and not Nature had placed them there. Amongft thefe Mountains lye feveral pleafant Vales, in moft delightful Profpeft, being replenished with Fruit-bearing Trees, and Herbage, as may appear to you in this Print. Upon the fourth of April, we came in fight of the Famous City of Natulan (the third chief City of this Kingdom) and immediately went a fliore. This Metropolis lies about forty Miles from Xaocbeu, and is the outward Frontire ot the Kingdom of Quantmg, which we had thus travers’d from South to North : TheGovernour and Magiftrates of this City having notice of the coming o tic Embaffadours, fent a Letter full of Complements, to afl'ure them ot a “ rd '’ welcom. Not long after they addreft themfelves in perfon, who (a e ^ ^ 5