< #, .r (. <€&Krctf *\ \ mSh$c $ <- s : % ■<£ < s J} . >,■«£.. C-X- £’< fU >! : *« ( fv (-( (<.-« «&/ K< .-# v<,c «•■ C” uiyfF' 5 ■• fir?^ -j. r c « 4 ,f. '. ^*'.£xs+St/ *V: ' , yr>, ^rvv^iSl PRESENTED TO THE LIBRARY BY F. Cleveland Morgan. ~L%Oa •Q'iYT-l. * _ M-QILL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 341357 1941 ^5 — Zook ' Ze. 'where it ccmcs Ivhe an eternity. As if to sweep down all things in its troth. Charming the eve with dread- a matchless cataract snucon depicta .* or QUEBEC and ITS E N VI ft o N S historically, panoramically, and LOCALLY EXHIBITED. CAREY, BROTHERS MUSIC LIBBARr AND W1UWV DEADTNO DEPOT. s al- efore d ac- ?nce; bma- North on o 1 tween e and of the d pla- : wire gotten oleon olh, or kJin, or e past. I books cresting ; is re- is now and, re- at town I still re¬ contains • istorical blication ler signed TO THE HEADER. Man pants for novelty. That which is new is al¬ ways interesting, and that which is constantly before us the reverse. A ferson may indeed become so ac¬ customed to anything as to regard it with indifference; and it is not impossible that even the electric subma¬ rine connection of Great Britain with British North America will scarctly excite a general admiration of the genius that suggested a speaking intimacy between the old and the new worlds, nor of the enterprise and intelligence of him, who measured the depths of the ocean, and was the discoverer of that sufcnrerged pla¬ teau on whirh two thousand miles of telegraphic wire is to rest. Extraordinary circumstances are forgotten soon after tin y are geneially known. As a Napoleon eclipsed an Alexander and a Wellington them both, or a Wolfe a Marlborough, so does a Morse a Franklin, or a Maury a Cook. Still there is novelty in the past. There are new ideas and hew facts even in old books and being persuaded of this, a now rare and interesting book on Canada, and its most noted city Quebec, is re¬ produced. A Copy of “ Hawkins’ Picture of Quebec” is r.ow scarcely to b e found, much as it is sought after, and, re¬ cently, having fallen upon another picture of that town so often besieged by English and Americans,and still re¬ taining so much in it that is French,and w hich contains a very great portion of the most interesting historical and legendary information contained in the publication V that its re-issue would neither be unacceptable nor un¬ profitable. This little book in its modern aspect repre¬ sents Quebec as she was fifteen years ago, before the great fires of 1843 had altered in many respects her features, and affords striking proof of the rapid progress which even since then has been made. Railroads, elec* trie telegraphs, new streets, new churches, new public edifices have snrung up, but enough of old facts and old churches and old habits remain to interest the stranger. Nay it may be a new’ fact to some that the American General, Montgomery, as this book tells us, was a Cap¬ tain in the 17th Regiment of British Infantry now in this garrison, having recently won honours at Sebas- tjpol ; or even, it the fact be old, and known to many, ills still interesting at this particular time to know that the regiment in which Montgomery served is quar¬ tered, as it were, immediately over the snot on which Montgomery fell. To some also it may be interesting to know that there were horse-boats on the St. Law¬ rence in 1842, and to know what like they were; the more especially when care ha9 been taken to add to the past the present condition of the city under the magic' symbol of “ 1 $j 7’*—the new churches, the new hotels, the new steamboats, the new railroads, the new market inuses, the new University, tho new Music Hall, the new Aqueduct, the new Bathing Saloon, the new news- pipers, and last of all, new cemeteries. C. ROGER. (BflDKTfllgNftS Historical Sketch. Historic/l Notes. 1. Quebec. 2. Wolfe.*. ... .... . ’ 77* ’ * *' 3. Montcalm.. 4. Wolfe’s Army. 5. General Montgomery... 6. The Canadian Militia. Panoramic Sketch. The Cits’.. _ The Fortiiications.... The Gates. The Martello Towers. The Citadel..7. 7.’] 7. Monument to Wolfe and Montcalm The Public Garden. Durham Terrace. The Place d’Armes. The Esplanade. Le Chien d’Or. The Lower Town. The St. Lawrence....,. Steam Boats. Winter Ferry of the St. Lawrence.. , Point Levi. PAGE 1 . 35 . 36 . 39 . 42 . 45 . 46 . 4S 58 , 60 61 << 62 63 66 M historical sketch. 17 The garrison, after a gallant defence, surrendered the tort to Montcalm by whom it was demolished. In the following year an unsuccessful attempt was made by Rigaud, brother of the Governor, upon Fort George situated on the Lake of that name. It was repeated soon after by Montcalm with better success the garrison being obliged to submit after a deter- m.ned resistance in which they expended all their ammunition. They were allowed to march out with all the honors of war in consideration of their gal¬ lantry. These reverses of the Biitish arms did°not long remain unatoned ; they served but to hasten the meditated advance upon Canada. The English troops had no mean opponent, however, to contend _with, and failed in a gallant assault upon Fort Ti- conderoga, which they made under General Aber¬ crombie, who was compelled to retire before the military genius of Montcalm. They were more fortunate in their attacks upon Fort Frontenac and Fort du Quesne which fell into their hands, but the former on being abandoned was taken possession of again by the French, who rebuilt the works. In the summer of 1759, a formal treaty having just been entered into with the Indians, whom the efforts of the French had lately caused to waver in their friendship, the general movement of the British forces upon Canada took place in three divisions._ General Prideaux advanced against Niagara where •he French had erected a fort of great importance P 18 HISTORICAL SKETCH. affording a protection to their own trade, and cov¬ ering their hostile incursions into the neighboring colonics. Pridcaux was unhappily killed by the bursting of a shell while surveying the trenches during the siege, but his place was ably supplied by Sir Wm. Johnson, who gained a brilliant victory over a body of the enemy who attempted to relieve the garrison, all their officers falling into his hands. This defeat decided the fate of the fort, which was soon after surrendered to the English. The second division of the British army under General Amherst, proceeded up Lake Champlain, where they took possession of Forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point, which were abandoned by the enemy on their ap¬ proach. But the movements of the squadron which, sailing up the St. Lawrence without the slightest accident or opposition, approached Quebec with 8000 men under the command of Wolfe, attract our attention to the branch of the army from whose exertions the most important operations of ihc campaign were to proceed. On the ar¬ rival of the fleet at the Island of Orleans, the land forces were there disembarked on the 27th of June, and a manifesto was distributed among the Canadians by General Wolfe, couched in the most humane and generous terms and calling on the pea¬ santry by a timely submission to avoid the horrrors of war. This appeal was treated with such con¬ tempt, that the Canadians were frequently engaged HISTORICAL SKETCH. 19 with the scalping parlies of the Indians in barba¬ rous attacks upon the English stragglers. On the night of the 28th an attempt was made to destroy the fleet with fire ships, seven of which were dropped down the river for that purpose, but being fortunate¬ ly fired too soon, the English sailors, with their customary presence of mind, succeeded in grappling and lowing them all to the shore before they could come in contact with the shipping. General Monck- ton was soon detached with four battalions to take possession of a battery erected by the enemy at Point Levi. In this lie was perfectly successful, and caused so much execution upon the city with shells and cannon that the Lower Town was shortly reduced to a heap of ruins, and many of the buildings in the Upper Town suffered considerable damage. A detachment of 1600 men was sent across the river by the French to dislodge him, but gettinginto con¬ fusion in the dark, during which they fired upon each other, they returned without coming into colli¬ sion with the English troops. Montcalm, who had exerted every effort for the defence of the city, had established his forces along the Beauport shore, between the River St. Charles and the Falls of Montmorenci, an extent of upwards of six miles in which he threw up intrenchments to pro¬ tect his troops in all accessible points. On the ninth of July Wolfe, havingestabiished his magazines, stores and hospital on the Island of Orleans and erected the 20 HISTORICAL SKETCH. necessary works for their protection under the charge of Colonel Carlcton, crossed with his forces the North channel and encamped near the Falls. Failing in an attempt to force a passage across the turbulent waters and up the precipitous banks of the Montmorenci, he determined on passing below tho Falls, where the river was fordable at low watci and attacking Montcalm at once in his trenches. Tho necessary preparations were immediately made for crossing the troops and put into execution on tho 31st July. The difficulties which attended this movement were, however, so considerable as to cause the defeat of a portion of the army ; from tho shallow and rocky nature of the beach several boats ran aground, causing a fatal delay in the disembark¬ ation, by which a detachment of grenadiers was separated from the main body. These men, in their eagerness to engage the enemy, advanced in tho utmost disorder upon their entrenchments and wero exposed to so galling a fire that they lelt about *200 dead upon the field, and retired with 650 wounded. As night was now approaching and the rise of tho tide would cut of! all means of retreat, it was deem¬ ed advisable to abandon the attempt and retire onco more behind the Montmorenci. This mortifying disaster had such an efTect upon the chivalrous mind of Wolfe that it brought on a severe illness, under which he still labored when he ascended the heights of Abraham to dedicate his life to his country. HISTORICAL SKETCH. 21 His plan of operations was now entirely changed; passing up the river he determined on landing above the town and taking it by storm. The attempt ap¬ peared to be attended with insuperable difficulties nt his dauntless energy and good fortune crowned his efforts with success. In order to deceive the enemy, the squadron proceeded up the river about nine miles above the cove at which the troops were to disembark, a force of 1500 men under M. do Bougainville having been despatched by Montcalm to observe their movements. But favored by the darkness of the night they dropped down with the tide on the 12th September, and the troops were landed in flat bottomed boats on the beach bc- Jow the plains of Abraham. Had this attempt been anticipated, and the almost precipitous clifls which the British troops had to ascend been properly de¬ fended their hopes of success in this enterprise must have been slight indeed, but the only force they had to encounter was a captain’s guard in possession of a narrow footpath which led up the declivity. Mont¬ calm on receiving intelligence of their position lost no time in advancing with his army from Bcauport, and resolved upon hazarding a battle to protect the city from the threatened assault on its weakest side. On his arrival he found the British troops drawn up m order of battle and made an attempt to turn their left, which was, however, reinforced with three bat¬ talions in time to render his efforts abortive. After 22 HISTORICAL SKKTCH. keeping up ail irregular lire from behind the hushes and hedges, which were lined with 1500 of his best marksmen, he advanced to the charge with great spirit about nine in the morning. The British re¬ served their fire until their opponents approached within forty yards when they poured in a deadly discharge which they maintained with much coolness and ctfect. Wolfe, who was standing at the right in front of the line, received a shot in the wrist which did not, however, prevent him from advan¬ cing soon after at the head of the grenadiers who charged the French with their bayonets. In this conspicuous position, while inspiring his troops with that heroic ardour which tilled his own bosom, an¬ other ball, more fatal in its aim, pierced his hreast. Being removed to the rear lit* survived but a shoit time, long cno i -h, however, to learn the full suc¬ cess oi* the British arms. At this moment Brigadier Murray succeeded in breaking the centre of the enemy who, giving way, were soon thrown into disorder and were pursued with great slaughter by the Highlanders, who, sword in hand, supported by the 58th, drove them into the city and down to their works on the River St. Charles. On the death of Wolfe—Brigadier Monckton being seriously wounded the command devolved on Brigadier Townshend, who had scarcely collected his scattered troops when a fresh body of the enemy, ‘2000 strong, under the charge of M. DcBougainvillo, appeared on its way HISTORICAL SKETCH. 23 from Carouge. Two battalions weie immediately detached against them, but they retired into the woods on their approach. In the attack upon the French centre the English made very effective use of one six pounder which they had succeeded in drag- ging up the cliff. Their opponents had two guns, one of which fell into the hands of the British. Montcalm was mortally wounded in the battle and was conveyed to the city where he expired the next day. The three officers next in command to him perished also, being either killed in the engagement or dying of their wounds soon after. The loss of the French was very considerable—about 500 killed and 1000 prisoners, while that of the English was about 50 killed and 500 wounded. But the death of Wolfe was, in itself, an irreparable affliction, ex¬ piring as he did at the moment of a victory won by his untiring energy and determined valor, but the fruits of which he was not destined to enjoy. The dying words of this young hero display such a gene¬ rous devotion that they cannot be too often recorded. As he leaned against the shoulder of a lieutenant who supported him on the ground, this officer ex¬ claimed, “ they run, they run!”—“ Who run ?” he enquired with great eagerness, and on being informed “ the French”—“ What,” said he, “ do they run already ? then I die happy!” and as he spoke he expired in his arms. Montcalm, who shared his fate in this memorable battle, closed at the same time a career distinguished by brilliant talents and a 26 HISTORICAL SKETCH. hail wintered at Montreal, was ordered to drop down the river and cooperate with his troops, who advanced through the C a rouge wood within three miles of the city. The garrison being deemed un¬ equal, in its reduced condition, to a proper defence of the fortifications, General Murray resolved to an¬ ticipate the attack by meeting De Levi at once in the field. He marched out accordingly with his small but veteran force of 3000 men on the morning of the 28th of April, and was not long in coming into collision with the French, whom he found as he approached advancing in a single column. The first attack of the British troops was so impetuous as to cause the centre of the French to give way, but the left wing of the former becoming detached from the main body was repulsed in turn by the reserve of the enemy. • A desperate conflict ensued, which was maintained with various success for nearly two hours, when Murray, overpowered by numbers, gave up the unequal contest and retreated in good order to the city. This sanguinary battle cost the British 1000 men, while the loss of the French was still greater, amounting by their own computation to 2,500. De Levi pursued the advantage he had gained by immediately investing the city, upon which he opened his batteries. But the gallant gar¬ rison was not destined to remain much longer with¬ out reinforcements from England. On the 15th of May, Commodore Swanton anchored with his squa- HISTORICAL SKETCH. 27 ilron in the bay, ami on the following morning two frigates getting under weigh to attack the French fleet, the latter fled in such disorder that they were driven on shore and entirely destroyed. They consist¬ ed of two frigates, two armed ships and some smaller vessels. This success was, however, greatly neutra¬ lized by the loss of the Lowcstoffe frigate, which ran upon some hidden shoals. De Levi abandoned the siege the same night, and retreated with precipita¬ tion to the Jacques Cartier, leaving behind him all his ammunition, stores and cannon, which fell into the hands of General Murray. The reduction of Montreal by General Amherst and the entire sub¬ mission of the French forces throughout Canada followed soon after: the successes of the British troops were also attended by the ready submission of the inhabitants, who took without reluctance the oath of allegiance to the British crown, to which this Province was finally ceded by the Treaty of Peace in 1763. In this year a remarkable mutiny occurred among the garrison, which consisted of the 15th, 27th, and 2nd battalion of the 60th Regiment. An order in¬ stituting a stoppage of four pence sterling upon each ration of provisions excited so much ill feelingamong the troops that, forgetting the calls of duty and discipline, they collected together and marched with drums beating towards St. John’s gate with the in¬ tention of proceeding to New York and laying 30 HISTORICAL SKETCH. to arouse the Canadians to cooperate with him in their common defence : even the persuasions of their clergy were utterly fruitless, and Mon- gomery meeting with little opposition soon succeed¬ ed in reducing Chambly, St. Johns and Montreal. Thisreprehensilde supineness of the French Canadians arose, no doubt, from the desire to await the issue of the contest in Canada between Great Britain and her revolted colonies : and when we consider the short period they had owned allegiance to England we must not condemn too harshly their refusal to take up arms, which was rendered more general by the recollection of the hardships resulting in former * years from their enrolment as Militia, which withdrew them so frequently from their homes and agricul¬ tural occupations. At a much later period, however, when their experience of protection under British institutions and the increase of population had en¬ gendered strong feelings ot nationality, the Canadian Militia fully established for themselves a character for courage aud loyalty. The successes of the Ame¬ ricans were destined to receive a check before the walls of Quebec which ultimately bathed their at¬ tempts upon Canada, and caused them to relinquish those posts which had previously fallen into their hands. In the beginning of November Arnold, having advanced through the woods by the Kennebec and Chaudiere Uivers, invested Quebec and wa3 joined about a month afterwards by Montgomery. HISTORICAL SKETCH. 31 Their forces amounted to nearly 3000 men, among whom wore enrolled about 500 Canadians. Many of the inhabitants of Quebec being openly disaffect¬ ed, General Carleton issued an order for the imme¬ diate withdrawal of such as objected to take up arms. This wise precaution being taken he was lelt with a small but gallant garrison of 1800 men chiefly composed of British and Canadian Militia. The attack of the besiegers was for some time con¬ fined to throwing shells into the town which suffered little damage, and cutting off the sentiies on the ramparts with rifles under shelter of the houses in St. Rochs. At length on the 31st December, the night being very dark, the long meditated assault was made upon the city. Their forces were de- vided into four bodies, two of which were merely intended to distract the attention of the garrison from the real points of attack in the Lower Town. Montgomery repaiied with 900 men towards Pres-de-Ville at the foot of the citadel, where a small guard was in possession of a battery of nine pounders which commanded the narrow road through which he advanced. As soon as they had approach¬ ed within fifty yards of the battery a deadly fire was poured upon his party which put them imme¬ diately to flight, and in the morning among thirteen bodies which were found on the spot those of Mont¬ gomery and two of his staff were recognised. At the same time 700 men under General Arnold made 32 HISTORICAL SKETCH. an attack at the Sault-au-Matelot, and drove the guard which was stationed there back upon the centre of the Lower Town. By a vigorous sortie, however, through Palace Gate the enemy were taken in the rear and entirely defeated with a loss of upwards of 400 prisoners. Arnold being wound¬ ed in the commencement of this attack was con¬ veyed to the General Hospital. This successful re¬ pulse preserved the garrison from a repetition of the assault although the siege was regularly maintained throughout the rest of the winter. Three batteries were erected by the Americans—at Point Levi, at the Ferry on the St. Charles, and on the Plains of Abraham, but the damage which they occasioned the garrison was very trivial, as they were frequent¬ ly dislodged by a well directed fire fiom the city. Towards the close of the winter their ranks were greatly thinned by desertion, and still further dimi¬ nished by the small pox which committed dreadful ravages among them. At length on the 6th of May the arrival of the Surprise fiigate relieved the be¬ sieged from their tedious confinement. A detach¬ ment of the 29th regiment, together with the ma¬ rines, being landed without loss of time, a vigorous sally of the garrison caused the enemy to retreat with precipitation, and additional reinforcements ar¬ riving fiom England soon after, the American forces finally evacuated Canada without further delay. In the year 1791 the petitions of the colonists for HISTORICAL SKETCH. 33 “ Re P™entativc Assembly were fully acceded to l>y the establishment of a Constitution as closely assimilated as possible to that of Great Britain—a boon for the first time conferred on any of her colo¬ nial possessions. The province was divided into Lower and Upper Canada and the fiist provincial parliament was opened at Quebec in December 1792 by Lieut. Governor Clarke, the House con¬ sisting in all of 50 members. In the following year the church of England was established in Canada by the erection of a Bishop’s See under the title of the Bishopric of Quebec, Dr. Jacob Mountain being the first who was installed in that dignity. _ Having laid before the reader a faithful sketch of events from the founding of the city, this portion of onr labors must draw to a close, as the more recent history of Quebec leaves us nothing to record, with¬ out entering on the discussion of topics beyond the scope and province of these pages. Within the walls of this city, in the sittings of its Assembly, the political movement had its birth which swayed and agitated so long the destinies of the province, and if the war of words and the ebullition of party feeling contributed to the unfortunate events which led to a suspension of the constitution, Quebec may- regard as a requital of these errors the estrangement of the Seat of Government and the consequent di¬ minution of her prosperity and importance. Yet c MM HISTORICAL SKETCH. 34 the great advantages which it possesses lead its citizens to indulge the hope that, in spite of recent changes, it will ere long be restored to its true posi¬ tion as the capital of Canada. HdDWIBS, I. QUEBEC. Tlie origin of the name of Quebec, in spite of the apparent solution by Champlain, is involved in ob¬ scurity. The passages in which he refers to it are as follows : “ Trouvant un lieu le plus estroit de la riviere, que les habitans du pays appellent Quebec, je fis bastir, &c.,”—and “ La pointe de Quebec, ainsi appellee des sauvages.” Charlevoix and other subsequent writeis, putting a construction on _the first extract which it does not appear to justify, have stated that Quebec is the Indian word for a strait, and was applied by the natives for that rea¬ son to the locality in question. The editor of Hawkins’ Picture of Quebec, however, in a very elaborate discussion of the subject, denies altogether the claim of an Indian origin for the word, and ac¬ counts for Champlain’s assertion by the affinity of sound to the latter part of the name Cabir-Coubat given by the natives to the river St. Charles on account of its serpentine course. He sup¬ plies a more probable source in the existence of a mutilated seal of the Earl of Suffolk bearing date ‘Anno 7. Hen. 5’ (14*20), and on which ‘ Quebec’appears as one of the titles of that nobleman. The conclusion naturally follows that this title was acquired by the Earl either in his own right as an active participator with the hero of Agin- 36 HISTORICAL SKETCH. court in his French campaigns, or as the representa¬ tive of his sovereign in France. This would seem to determine at once~tl e European origin of the name, which was, doubtless, carried by the Norman settlers to the banks of the St. Lawrence. The coincidence of the name, with precisely the same orthography, existing in Europe nearly H) ycais previous to the arrival of Champlain is at all events curious. La Pothcric derives it from an exclamation of some Normans who accompanied Jacques Cut tier ; their attention being arrested as they turned Point Levi by the promontory of Cape Diamond, they cried out involuntarily •• Quel bee ! ” and which name, he says, the place retained. The Huron name is Tia-ton-ta-rili which signifu s the place of a strait. 2. WOLFE. Major General James Wolfe, the son ol Lieut. General Edward Wolfe, was born at Westerham in Kent on the ‘2nd of January, 1727. Having enter¬ ed the army at a very early age he speedily develo¬ ped those shining military t alents by which he rapidly rose in the profession which he adorned with many noble qualities. In the German war he greatly distinguished himself, and at the siege and capture of the strongly foitilied town ol Louisbourg in Cape Breton in 1758, he attracted so much atten¬ tion by his skill and bravery that Mr. Pitt confided to him the command of the important expedition against Quebec in the following year. The early close of his career in that gloiious but fatal campaign has already been described. The eulogium with which his memory has been honored by his contemporary, Smollett, may no doubt be considered as faithful as HISTORICAL SKETCH. 37 it is ahl v drawn. It is in these words. “ He inhe- il r ‘h?d trom nature on animating fervor of sentiment, “ an intuitive perception, an extensive capacity, and y then gallant pursuit of the French, sword in land ; anti which service was, doubtless the cause ol men respective loss exceeding that of any other -regiment. “The French had formed the most lnghtiul and absurd notions of the Sauvagcsd'Ecossc , as icy called the Highlanders. They believed they would neither give nor take quarter, and that they were so nimble that as no man could catch them, so nobody could escape them-that no one had a chance against their broad swords—that, with a terocity natural to savages, they made no pri- s P ar ed neither man, woman nor r \i It is stated that Mr. Pitt, as a compensation for the small force which General Wolfe had at his command, gave him the appointment of his own officers. His choice was equally happy and saga- cious. His principal officers were all young like himscll but distinguished in this campaign no less by e judgment of age than the fiery valor of youth. A short sketch of their career will not be uninterest- 44 HISTORICAL hKLTCI!. Brigadier Genl. IheHon. Kobeit Moncklon wasth. secornl son of the first Viscount Galway. He \v,*> seriously wounded i.r the battle on the ITiins, but recovered soon after at New Yoik where he was ap¬ pointed Governor in 17G1. In the following year, at the head ot eighteen regiments, he proceeded against Martinique which was reduced. 1 he Windward Islands soon after were given up to him by capitula¬ tion. He died a Lieut. General, in 1782. General George Townshend, eldest son ol \ iNCount Townshend, was born in 1724. He had served at the battles of Dettingen, Culloden, and Lafeldt pre¬ viously to that of Quebec. In 1767 he was appoint¬ ed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, where the gaiety of his court, and the humour and kindness of his dispo¬ sition rendered him very popular. In 1787 he was created Marquess Townshend. He died a Field Marshal and Colonel of the 2nd Dragoon Guards, in 1807. Brigadier General the Hon. James Murray was son of the fourth Loul Elibank. As the fust Eng¬ lish Governor of Canada which position he filled till 1766, his administration was noted for its mildness and impartiality. In the responsible and delicate office of governing a province which he had assisted in reducing he acquitted himself ablv, developing equal talents as a statesman and a soldier. In the latter capacity his courage must be allowed to have verged upon rashness, as his failure in the bold nttack upon De Levi in which he lost neaily one third of his garrison fully testifies. He died a Gene¬ ral in 1794. Colonel Guy Carlcton was born at Newry, in 1722. He was on four several occasions Governor of Cana¬ da, where he was greatly beloved by all classes of HISTORICAL sketch. 45 ■ ■■-.Hi ui nit uaui. jic cieu in 1808 . J he total strength of Montcalm’s forces was 7,520 [»n. non1 1 1* JDim ... i. . 5 . men, nearly *4000 of whom were leeailar tmon^.inil ;r “V, ui me line : to tins last struggle with the British troops, on the success of which depended no! nnlv iUir . t ,i , K. .. . not only their own liberties but the honor of their country, they advanced with ardor in the hope and determination of crushing their invaders. R„t in .. , . . .> "'wctiijascu hi mis expedition, of which some of the most important duties in the navigation were committed to his charge. 5. GENERAL MONTGOMERY. General Richard Montgomery was a native of Ireland, of high family connections. He served with distinction in the British Aimy, was a Captain in the 17th Regt. of Foot, and served at the sie°-e of Quebec, under Wolfe in 1759. He subsequently resigned his commission and embraced the revolu I 46 HISTORICAL SKETCH. tionary cause in the American colonies, to which he became more lirmly attached by his marriage with the daughter of Judge Livingston of the State ot New York. In the invasion of Canada he was in¬ vested with the command of the American Forces, and the progress of his campaign together with its fatal termination on the 31st December 1775 have already been described in another pait of this work. The exact spot on which he was killed—at the loot of the rock at Pr'cs-de- Villc —is indicated on the map. His body was interred near St. Lewis Gate, within a wall that surrounded a powder magazine near the ramparts. Nearly forty-three years after his death—in June 1818—his remains were disinter¬ red in compliance with the request of his widow, and conveyed to New York. There they were deposited in St. Paul’s Church beneath a mag¬ nificent monument which had been erected by Congiess to his memory soon after his death. The identity of his remains were established by the affidavit of Mr. James Thompson a vener¬ able survivor of WoKe’s army, who served in the Engineer Department during the siege of 1775, and was present at the interment of General Mont¬ gomery’s body. 6. THE CANADIAN MILITIA. The conduct of the brave Canadian Militia who assisted in the defence of Quebec in the siege of 1775 is well deserving of record. They formed a considerable portion of the small but gallant garrison whose numbers are stated as follows :— HISTORICAL SKETCH- 47 70 Royal Fusileers, or 7th Regiment. 230 Royal Emigrants, or 84th Regiment. 2*2 Artillery, Fireworkers, &c. 330 British Militia. 543 Canadians. 400 Seamen. 50 Masters and Mates of Vessels. 35 Marines. 1*20 Artificers. 1800 Men bearing arms. While their countrymen in other parts of the piovince displayed either culpable supineness or active efforts to assist the revolutionary forces—while within the walls of Quebec many were known to be wanting in allegiance and others had joined the _ranks of the enemy without, the Canadian Militia afforded a striking contrast by their unshaken loyalty and courage. At the commencement of the siege, the Governor Sir Guy Carleton was engaged at Montreal and hastened down the St. Lawrence to the defence of Quebec. He was disguised as a voyageui * in a small canoe and had much difficulty in avoiding the de¬ tachments of the enemy who were posted on the banks of the river. In this perilous trip he was at¬ tended by a few faithful Canadians and was indebted for his safety to the coolness and sagacity of Captain Bouchette of the Provincial Navy, the father of Colonel Joseph Bouchette late Surveyor General of the Province of Lower Canada. S&EIMSE. Quohec, which exhibits the rue combination of an almost impregnable fortress ami an impottAnt commercial city, is not only remarkable for the beauty of its surrounding scenery but is in itself a very striking and picturesque object. As we ap¬ proach it from Montreal, its capacious Coves tilled with the produce of the forest, which the numberless vessels floating on the bosom of the St. Lawrence are destined to convey to Europe -and the long line of habitations at the foot of the rock extending for several miles from the city thronged with the busy crowd who find in the staple trade of the country * their means to live’—shew us at a glanco one great source of its present importance. But these considerations vanish as we pass Wolfe’s Cove and recall the eventful night when the gallant Wolfe, enfeebled by sickness, hut inspired with the ardor of heroism, ascended with his band of daunt¬ less spirits those almost inaccessible heights now overgrown with shrubs and stunted trees. These *49 panoramic sketch. le/Icctions hare scarcely been made when we ap¬ proach the noble rock of Cape Diamond which rises up before us in rugged magnificence, surmount¬ ed by fortifications which nearly overhang the narrow street at the base, and whose perpendicular strength would seem to ‘ laugh a siege to scorn.’ The officers’ barracks at the edge of the precipice, while they add to the height of the fortification serve to mark its features more strongly, and arrest the eye till the standard of England floating at the fiag-staffiappears in sight; and the Upper Town, with its dome and steeples, its tin roofs, and terrace, seated on the giddy height, gradually reveals itself. The lovely bay opens before us like a lake, while Jhe dark forms of the woody mountains to the north serve as a magnificent background to the picture. On landing in the Lower Town—the commercial quarter of the city—as the stranger treads its crowd¬ ed wharves and observes the bustle of its streets, it cannot be uninteresting to him to learn that this portion of the city has been almost wholly rescued from the dominion of the St. Lawrence, whose waters, in the time of Champlain,washed the foot of the rock on which the Upper Town is built. Hav¬ ing surmounted the steep and sinuous Mountain Street which communicates with the Upper Town through Prescott Gate, the first anxiety of the stran¬ ger will doubtless be to avail himself of the eminence on which he is placed to obtain a view of the noble 2 > 50 PANORAMIC SKETCH. prospect it commands. It has long been admitted by Europeans that the Bay of Quebec, unequalled in America, rivals in picturesque beauty the most cele¬ brated in Europe. It is true that the expanse of ocean is wanting to crown the scene with its subli¬ mity, but this want is more than compensated by the greater diversity of scenery around Quebec, blending together in the most exquisite haimony to form a whole on which the eye rests with untiring satisfac¬ tion, and in which the most vivid imagination can hardly suggest any change to enhance the beauty of the picture. There are numberless points from which a view may be taken of this matchless scene. The Platform or Durham Terrace—the Public Garden—the Glacis—the Citadel arc among the most prominent and ready of access, and each pre¬ sents some novel combination to the spectator. But the visitor who desires to command at one view the entire prospect will not neglect to avail himself of the oppo tunity of ascending the steeple of either the English or French Cathedral. From this position he will not only enjoy the advantage of viewing at his feet the city and its line of fortification, but may bring within his glance the whole of the extended prospect which lies before him like a panorama, unbroken on every side but the south, where the rock of Cape Diamond and its works which command the city form the only interruption to the view. The Tarious objects of attraction which compose the pic- panoramic sketch. 51 ture the majestic St. Lawrence flowing between the fortified rock of Quebec and the picturesque heights of Point Levi—the beautiful harbor, which et a d.stance of 360 miles from the ocean affords ‘ ample room and verge enough’ for the whole of the Hritish Navy—the graceful shores of the Island of Orleans, dividing the liver into the north and south channel and sheltering the bay on the east—the serpentine couise of the little liver St. Charles through the fertile valley, and the range of darkly wooded mountains which close the view on the north—have been so minutely described by the late Surveyor General Bouchette in his admirable work on the statistics of Canada that we gladly transfer to our pages the following extract:—“ The summer scenery of the environs of Quebec may vie in exquisite beaut , variety, magnificence, sublimity, and the naturally harmonized combination of all these prominent features, with the most splendid that has yet been portrayed in Europe, or any other part of the world. Towards Beauport, Charle- bourg, and Lorette, the view is diversified with every trait that can render a landscape rich, full and complete ; the foreground shows the River St! Charles meandering for many miles through a rich and fertile valley, embellished by a succession of objects that diffuses an unrivalled animation over the whole scene. The three villages, with their res¬ pective churches, and many handsome detached PANORAMIC SKETCH. bZ houses in the vicinity, seated on gently rising emi¬ nences, form so many distinct points of vie\» *, the intervals between them display many of the most strongly marked • specimens of forest scenery, and tire surrounding country every where an appearance of fertility and good cultivation, upon which the eye of the spectator wanders with,ceaseless delight* As the prospect recedes it is still interesting, the land rising in gradation, height over height, having the interval between succeeding elevations tilled up with primeval forests, until the whole is terminated by a stupendous ridge of mountains, whose lofty forms are dimly seen through the ©rial expanse. The sense of vision is gratified to the utmost, and the spectator never fails to turn with legret from the contemplation of what is allowed to he one of the most superb views in nature. « Nor is it on this side only that the attention is arrested ; for turning towards the basin, which is about two miles across, a scene presents itself that is not the less gratifying for being made a secondary one ; it is enlivened by the ever changing variety of ships coming up to and leaving the port. On the right hand, Point Levi, with its church and group of white houses, several other promontories on the same shore clothed with lofty trees; and the busy animation attendant on the constant arrival and de¬ parture of ferry-boats ; in front, the western' end of the beautiful and picturesque Island of Orleans, PANORAMIC SKE1CH. 53 displaying charming and well cultivated slopes down almost to the water’s edge, backed by lofty and thick woods, and every where decorated with neat farm¬ houses, present altogether an interesting and agree¬ able subject to the observer. In fine still weather, the mirage , or reflects of the different objects around the margin, in all their variety of coloring, are thrown across the unrullled surface of the water with an almost incredible brilliance. On the Plains of Abraham, from the precipice that overlooks the tim¬ ber grounds, where an incessant round of activity prevails, the St. Lawrence is seen rolling its majes¬ tic wave, studded with many a sail, from the stately ship down to the humble fishing- boat; the opposite bank, extending up the river, is highly cultivated, and the houses, thickl}' strewed by the main road, from this height and distance, have the appearance of an almost uninterrupted village, as far as the eye can reach in that direction. The country to the southward rises by a very gentle ascent, and the whole view, which is richly embellished by alterna¬ tions of water, woodland and cultivation, is bounded by remote and lofty mountains, softening shade by shade until they melt into air. Whoever views the environs of Quebec, with a mind and taste capable of receiving impressions through the medium of the eyes, will acknowledge, that as a whole, the pros¬ pect is grand, harmonious, and magnificent; and that, if taken in detail, every part of it will 64 rvNoRAMIC SKr.TCH. please, by a gradual unfolding of its picturesque beauties.” The spectator to whom the history of Quebec is familiar, while he gazes on the prospect so glowing¬ ly described in the above extract, will not fail to recall the associations with which the scenes before him are invested. As he looks down from the brist¬ ling ramparts he will remember that on five distinct occasions they have undergone the ordeal of a regu¬ lar siege, and the calmness of the scene been invaded hy the ‘dieadful note of preparation.’ The eventful campaign of Wolfe will recur to the imagination of the spectator, who may embrace at a glance the difTer- posi lions in which the fust operations of the con¬ tending armies were carried on. On the heights of Bcauport may be observed the site of Montcalm’s forces who opposed so successful a resistance to the first attack of Wolfe, and on the western extremity of the Island of Orleans and the heights of Point Levi the other positions of the respective forces at the opening of the campaign. But turning from these reminiscences to contemplate the peaceful beauties of the bay during the season of navigation, how delightful is the prospect which commerce spreads before us ! The arrival of vessels in the spring and fall forms an enchanting picture, more especially when the prevalence of contrary winds has caused their detention below, and the sudden change to an easterly breeze brings them into the PANORAMIC SKETCH. 55 harbor in fleets at a time. Well may we on such occasions admire the sagacity while we felicitate the good fortune of the adventurous settlers to whom Quebec is indebted for its origin, nor can we omit to contrast its present appearance with that which it must have presented to their eyes, when the forest covered the rocky heights which arc crowned in our day with one of the most noble and picturesque fortifications in the world. As the spec¬ tator carries his view to the dark and undulating forms of the mountain range which, from the misty Cap Tour merit in the east to the Bonhomme moun¬ tain in the west, forms an irregular crescent about forty miles in length, a striking peculiarity in the position of this city is presented to his mind. This range may be regarded as the barrier which separates Quebec from the vast region of forest to the north, * where things that own not man’s dominion dwell,’ and through which the foot of the Indian alone finds an uncertain passage. Situated thus on the veiy verge of civilization the interest with which it is regarded will naturally increase as we indulge these reflections. The best view of the Citadel and Upper Town is presented from the heights of Point Levi which, for that purpose alone, affords sufficient inducement to the stranger to visit it, however short his stay may he. From this point the Cape and its Fortress, the Monument to Wolfe and Montcalm, the spires of the 56 riNORA MIC SKETCH. several churches &nd dome of the House of Assembly present themselves in regular succession, while the bay expands to the right and the river to the left swells into the capacious coves which lie below the plains of Abraham, near which the first of the langc of Mnrtello Towers is discernible. Another view altogether different is allorded from the lleauport road which conducts to the Falls of Montmorenci. This embraces the extended subuibs of St. John and St. Louis, separated from the walls of the city by the glacis. The winter view from Quebec is not without at¬ traction, though of a different nature, and to a Eu¬ ropean particularly will prove novel and interesting. Soon after the commencement of winter the bay and north channel are frozen over and routes arc formed on the ice to Montmorenci, the island of Orleans and the parishes on the northern shore. The river opposite the city is but seldom fiozen over in -consequence of the force of the current and rise of the tide. During the two winters just passed, how¬ ever, an ice bridge was formed between the city and Point Levi, an event which had not previously occurred since the winter of 1837. On some occa¬ sions the bridge is composed of the large masses of floating ice which are cariied about by the tides, and which when thus airesled in their course aflord no other advantage beyond the means of transit to the opposite shore. But the rare PANORAMIC SKETCH. 67 occasions on which the intensity of the frost causes the bridge to < take’ in one clear and crystal sheet are hailed by the inhabitants as a species of gala. The luxury of driving on this smooth and level causeway is not the only attraction to the ice; races, trotting matches and numberless ice boats di¬ versify the scene and lend it unusual animation? when viewed from the high banks of the river on either side. iriEIlEl (DOT: It is not an unfrcquent complaint among strangers who tread for the first time the narrow and hilly streets of Quebec that the ideas which its first ap¬ pearance had inspired are far from realized, and apart from its fortifications and scenic attributes it contains but little to gratify the curiosity of visitors. But a more than casual survey dispels this illusion and reveals some distinguishing features in this city which invest it with no little interest. We are re¬ minded on every side by the appearance of the principal buildings, the roughly paved streets and narrow trottoirs, of the French origin of the early settlers, who raised in this capital of the oldest American colony the several extensive structures of a religious and charitable order which occupy at the present day so considerable a portion of the upper town. As these buildings present themselves in striking contrast with the more modern erections oi FHJC CITY. 59 English architecture, the palpable indications afford¬ ed by the personal peculiarities of the habitans are scarcely wanting to remind the stranger of the union of races distinct in language, religion and habits, who in spite of all that is said of their political pre¬ dilections mingle together in the every day scenes of life with commendable harmony. Quebec is naturally divided into the Upper and Lower Towns. The former comprises that portion which lies within the fortifications and contains nearly all the principal buildings of ancient or modern erection—the military edifices, public offices and government builnings, together with the resi¬ dences of the principal inhabitants and the important ecclesiastical establishments erected by the French colonists. The Lower Town, as its position denotes, is the commercial quarter, and comprises within its crowded space the Exchange, Custom House, Banks, mercantile offices and other buildings in which the important commercial business of this city is carried on. On the south the Lower Town is connected by Champlain Street with the several coves in which the lumber is deposited for exportation, while on the north west it is joined by the Parish of St. Rochs, the most populous suburb of Quebec which lies in the opening of the valley of the St. Charles between the southern bank of that river and the high ridge on which the Upper Town is placed. The suburbs of St. John and St. Louis extend along 60 the cm. the ridge which overlooks St. Kochs, and communi¬ cate with the Upper Town through the gates which bear their respective names. The line of fortifications enclosing the Upper Town and the Citadel on Cape Diamond is about two miles and three quarters in extent. From the southern point of the Citadel, directly opposite the St. Lawrence, to the Artillery Barracks—nearly two thirds of the whole line—the fortifications con¬ sist of a massive and handsome wall erected on the perpendicular rock, protected by several batteries of various strength placed at intervals along the wall, the most formidable being known as the grand battery immediately in the rear of the House of Assembly and Seminary Garden. This consists of a line of thirty-two pounders which command the basin. The height of this rock, which presents so inaccessible a barrier as to demand hut little aid from aTt, is 345 feet at Cape Diamond above the level of the river. A rather sudden declination from the glacis to Durham Terrace reduces its height at the latter about 115 feet, and a gradual descent takes place from that point to the noithcrn extremity of the wall where it exhibits a perpendicular elevation of nearly 100 feet. The western side of the city, from the Artillery Barracks to the southern angle of the Cape, is entirely deficient in that natural strength so fully developed in the rest of the line, and its weakness has therefore been covered by a combina- the city. 61 tion of regular works consisting of ramparts, bastions, ditch and glacis. These are further strengthened by outworks which render the approaches to St. Louis t»ate and St. John Gate exceedingly hazardous. Formidable batteries also protect this portion of the works. The approaches to the city through the fortified wall just desciibed are aftorded by five gates. The two alluded to above afford ingress from their res¬ pective suburbs on a line with the Upper Town. Three others communicate with the Lower Town and Suburb of St.Rochs—Prescott, Hope and Palace Gates which are well protected by batteries and loop-holes for musketry ; Prescott Gate, at the head of mountain Street, supplies the most general line cf communication between the Upper and Lower Town. Visitors in summer are invariably conducted through this gate which possesses nothing very prepossessing in its style, being the least elegant of the approaches to the city. A guard house is attached to each and a sergeant's guard at present stationed there. In order to strengthen the defences of the city on the west four Martello Towers were erected on the plains of Abraham. They extend from the St. Lawience to the Coteau Ste. Genevieve at irregular distances from each other of from 500 to 600 yards and about three fourths of a mile from the city. Their construction is such that they could be readily demolished by the guns from the walls, should such THE cm. 62 a step be rendered necessary by their falling into the hands of an enemy, but on the opposite side their construction is exceedingly solid, and the plat¬ form on the top, which is usually covered, is fur¬ nished with guns of heavy calibre. The height of these Towers is about forty feet. The noble foitress on Cape Diamond is invariably one of the first objects of inspection with strangers. Respectable visitors can procure tickets of admission at the office of the Town Major, without which it is impossible to obtain access to it. Since the recent unfortunate disturbances in the province the inspec¬ tion of the citadel is only permitted under ceitain restrictions which did not previously exist The works which are of a very elaborate character sur¬ prise us at once by the strength and beauty of their construction. They have not yet arrived at a state of completion, although so many years have elapsed since the conquest. We do not pretend to otter here any detailed description of the works let it suffice to say that the citadel contains within us area, which covers about forty acres, ample accommodation for the gariison and materials of war, and is calculated to afford an asylum for the inhabitants and their pro¬ perty should necessity require it. The officers’ Bar¬ racks which overlook the river, are built of cut 8 tone, and are very spacious and comfortable in their construction. Near them is the Telegraph which is worked in communication with one on the Island THE CITY. 63 of Orleans that announces the arrival of vessels from sea. At a short distance from the barracks an inclined plane nearly five hundred feet in length was constructed for the purpose of raising from the Lowi*r Town the stone required in the works of the citadel. On each side was a footway of nearly six hundred steps to which hand rails were attached for the use of the workmen employed in this service. This communication was taken away on the occa¬ sion of the recent outbreak and sufficient vestige of it alone remains to indicate the spot from the°foot of the rock. The regular approach to the citadel commences near St. Louis Gate, and after pass¬ ing through the winding avenue of the outw< rks tho ^visitor is conducted through Dalhousie gate into the interior square of the fortress. This handsome gate is situated within a baslion of admirable construction that extends along the two sides of the citadel which have not the natural strength of the perpendicular rock for their protection. Within this bastion are the barracks for the troops, and at the north side of the square is a building recently erected as a gaol for military offenders. The Monument to the memory of Wolfe and Montcalm in the Public Garden adjoining Des Car- rieres Street was erected in 18:28 at the suggestion and under the auspices of the Earl of Dalhousie, *he Governor-in-Chief. The expence was defrayed Til* ClIV. til by a general subscription of the citizens, to which His Excellency made a liberal contribution. The lapse of nearly seventy years since the conquest without the erection of a monumental ttibutc to the memory of Wolfe— in the city which he identified with his fame —does not readily admit of explana¬ tion, but in raising this tardy tribute to the rival heroes it must be admitted that the feeling which dictated its dedication to both generals is highly worthy of admiration. The ceremony of laying the first stone took place on the 15th November 1827, and the interest of the scene was not a litt'.e en¬ hanced by the presence of the venerable Mr. Thomp¬ son, who had fought by the side ol Wolfe, and who now, at the patriarchal age oi 95, took an active part in the ceremony, intended to commemorate his triumphs. The plan of the Monument was adopted from the design of Captain Young, 79lh Highlanders, and the classical elegance of its appearance must be allowed to be highly creditable to the taste of that gentleman. The situation is also well chosen and renders this chaste column a conspicuous object from the river. Its proportions are as follows :—The height of the basement from the ground is thirteen feet. The sarcophagus supported by the basemtnt rises seven feet, three inches above it. The height of the column is forty-two feet, eight inches and that of the apex two feet, one inch—shewing an altitude) liom the ground to the apex, of sixty-five feet. At THE CITY. 65 the base of the column the sides are six feet, by four feet eight inches and gradually taper to the apex where they arc three feet two inches, by two feet five inches. The southern side of the Monument,looking towards the river, bears the name of “ Wolfe,” while the opposite one is inscribed with that of « Montcalm.” On the tront is the following inscription, which was written by J. Charlton Fisher, Esquire, L. L. !)• and was honored with the prize medal: MORTEM. VIRTVS. COMMVNEM. FA MAM. IIISTORI A. MONVMENTVM. POSTE1UTAS. DEDIT. Beneath this is another inscription, slightly altered ■from that upon the plate which was deposited with the foundation stone. It is as lollows : UUJUSCE MONUMKNTI IN V1RORUM ILLUSTRIUM MEMOR1AM. WOLFE ET MONTCALM, FUND AMENTUM P. C. GEORGIUS COMES DE BALHOUSIE; IN SEPTENTRIONALIS AMERICA PARTIBUS AD BRITANNOS PERTINENTIBUS SUMMAM RERUM ADMINISTRANS ; OPUS PER MULTOS ANNOS PRATERMISSUM, QUID DUCI EGREGIO CONVENIENT1US ? AUCTORITATE PROMOVENS, EX EM PLO STIMULANS MUN1FICENTIA FOVENS. A. S. MDCCCXXVII. GEORGIO IV. BRITANMAKUM REGE. 66 THE ( ITV. Iii a niche al the corner of John and Palace Street*, opposite the Albion Hotel, is a small wooden sta¬ tue of Wolfe which has the traditional reputation of being a likeness. It is painted in the military dress of that hero, and was placed there many years since by the loyal occupier of the house, at that time a tavern. This diminutive statue is only remarkable from the local interest that attaches to it. On a recent visit of one of Her Majesty’s ships of war an abduction of this singular figure was planned and executed by some young gentlemen on board, who treated ; the general’ to a trip to Bermuda and res¬ tored him soon after to his old quarters rather the worse for wear. The Public Garden was formerly attached to the garden of the Chateau from which it is divided by Dcs Carricres Street . Here in the summer the mi¬ litary bands amuse the citizens at regular intervas. In the Chateau garden which extends along the wall from the foot of the Glacis to the Terrace a small battery is placed which commands the river. It is called Wolfe’s Battery and consists at present of eight guns of different calibro. The length of this garden is one hundred and eighty yards with a breadth of seventy at its widest part. Durham Terrace was erected in 1838 by the no¬ bleman whose name it bears as a place of public pro¬ menade. It is a handsome platform of wood, with an THE CITY. 67 iron railing which protects it at the edge of the cliff, at the foot of which is visible the principal portion of the Lower Town. The view of the barboi which is here disclosed renders this the most delightful pro¬ menade in the city, where.it would have been difficult to have selected a more eligible spot for the purpose. Jt is constructed on the site of the Castle of St.Louis which was destroyed by fire in January 1834. This handsome stone edifice was one of the most interest¬ ing buildings in the city, as regards the position it occupied, and its having been for years the residence of the Governor-in-Chief. This spot was selected by Champlain for the erection of a Fort in the early stage of the co.ony when it was found requisite to provide for the settlers a security against the at¬ tacks of the hostile natives of the soil. The works which were raised at this time, though ample for the purpose intended, were sufficiently rude, con¬ sisting of ramparts of wood filled up with earth ex¬ tending towards the Place d’Armes. As the colony progressed in importance these defensive works were replaced by others, and buildings erected on a more extended scale enclosing within the limits of the Fort the residence of the French Governor which received the appellation of the Chateau of St Louis. Here on the transfer of the Province to En¬ gland the British Viceroys continued to administer the government until the close of the last century, 68 THE CITV. when it was found necessary to erect ns a residence for the Governor the buildingwhich now occupies the east side of the Place d’Armes. In 1809, however, during the administration of Geneial Sir James Henry Craig, the Castle being thoroughly repaired and a third story added became once more the vice regal abode. The plate, to which we refer the reader, re¬ presents its appearance previous to the fire to which it fell a prey. Near the old Chateau, as it has been termed since the restoration of the Castle in 1809, on the north side of the square is a small but neat Guard-House and immediately in the rear the gar¬ rison Riding-School. The Place d’AiiMEs, which adjoins the site of the Castle, is an open square with a circular turf in the centre enclosed by chains. Refore the re¬ cent removal of the seat of government from Quebec, this was considered the court end of the city, and in the accurate winter view of it which the plate affords it assumes a T'ery animated aspect from the presence of the Quebec Driving Club, who make this square their usual starting place. The English Cathedral, the Court House and eastern extremity of St. Louis Street fill up the back ground. The Esplanade, which lies below the ramparts between St. Louis and St. John’s Gate, is a level green enclosed by a wooden fence, extending two hundred and seventy three yards with an average the city. 69 breadth of eighty yards, except at the St. Ursula bastion where it increases to one hundred and twen¬ ty. In summer the different guards required for the city are mounted here every morning; it has long been the usual parade ground for the troops and is used for the annual muster of the militia. The citizens hnd here an excellent place of promenade in fine wca- therand hav\ occasionally the enjoyment of listening to the military bands whichperform at intervals either here or at the Public Garden. At a short distance from St. Louis Gate at the foot of the rampart is a powder magazine enclosed by a stone wall. The ad¬ joining ramparts, which afford an uninterrupted walk from the Citadel to the Artillery Barracks passing over St. Louis and St.John’s Gates, are well de¬ serving of a visit from the stranger. As he descends towards the latter gate the view opens before him of the beautiful valley of tbe St. Charles which takes its serpentine course between richly cultivated farms until it joins the St. Lawrence. This scene is rich, attractive and full of variety. The white cottages and spire of the village of Chatlebourgon the rising ground in the distance sparkle in the rays of the sun, while in the immediate vicinity the attention is ar¬ rested by the crowded suburb of St. Roch which extends itself at the feet of the spectator. The Ma¬ rine and General Hospitals, situated at the outskirts of the suburb, occupy a detached and conspicuous the city. 70 position and are the only buildings upon which the eye rests with any interest. In Buade Street near the steps leading from Pres¬ cott Gate is Freemasons’ Hall, a building which has not for some years been devoted to the uses of that association. It is not otherwise remarkable than from its having over the doorway the following in¬ scription below the stone figure of a dog gnawing a bone, which from its being gilt has obtained the name of Le Chicn d'Or. Je SVIS VN ClIIEN QVl RONGF. I.’OS. En I.E RONGEANT JE TREND MON REPOS. Vn tf.ms viendra qvi nest pas venv Qve je mordray qvi mavrv mordv. As considerable local interest is attached to this relic, we transcribe the following account which has been given of its origin. “ Mr* Philibert was a merchant of Quebec, during the time that this country was under the French Government. Mr. Bcgon was at the head of the Financial Department in Canada; and he had so conducted the fiscal affairs of Canada, or rather of France in respect of Canada, that one of the Queens of that chivalrous kiugdom asked her husband, whe¬ ther the walls of Quebec were made of gold ? Mr. Philibert and Mr. Begon did not agree. The former had not the means or the power to have his 71 the city. complaints heard and redressed. He was therefore covert lano.° r *" lm f cachmcn, > ‘o write them in the his molt °tT’ Wh,Ch ‘ S placed under the do S, as " 7°‘ °- f 1 " 3 waa «oo much for tyranny. Mr. Phi. libert,when descending the Lower Town Hill, receiv- son or: °k M [- DC K —’ a » officer of the gZ inittel' ° U °ii IIS baCk ’ 3n<1 ,,le murderer was per¬ muted qu.etly to depart to the East Indies T| e brother of Mr. Philibert receiving intellilce of brs mournful erent, came from France to Canada Jo set, lc his brother’s Mtate> and tQ ayenge h . s bioQ d ‘ ing arranged the former, he pursued Mr. De to Pondicherry, where they met in the _ reet, instantly drew theirswords, fought upon the spot, and the assassin was slain.” ° P 6 In the general appearance of the Upper Town many deficeneres are exhibited which areTeldom ob- bec ^i 1 ". a ?*{ 011,16 evlcnt an<1 importance of Que- ,o„; wl^hLld P n’ ,,OWeVer ’‘ ha,in,proveraen ‘ s 100 rong withheld will soon redeem it from the nreiudi ca remarks of strange., the disposition of sent Municipal Authorities being evidently bent on the attainment of so desirable an object- The irregularity of the streets is chiefly owin- to ticafbuMH ° f tlie u Slt ° OCCUpied b T ‘he old ecclesias- t.cal buildings which with (heir spacious gardens engross so large a portion of the city. This aflects 7*2 the city. in no slight degrco the elegance of its appearance while the comfort of the inhabitants is futlher in¬ fringed upon by the narrow uneven trottoirs and rough, angular pavement. The latter has in a few streets been superseded by wooden blocks which have been introduced with much success The pro¬ jecting door steps, too, which offered so serious an im¬ pediment to the pedestrian and deformed the gene¬ ral aspect of the city, have recently disappeared. I3ut the greatest defect is the absence of some res¬ pectable^ mode of lighting the streets as it must, be admitted that the street-lamps which have lately been introduced have as little claim to utility as or¬ nament. The citizens of the ancient capital of Ca¬ nada will ere long, wc trust, enjoy the advantages to be derived from the introduction of gas, which has for some years been in use in the city of Mon¬ treal. The Lower Town consists of a narrow strip of land extending from Diamond Harbour to the suburb ot St. Koch and possesses no object of particular at¬ traction to strangers. A good deal of inteiest, how¬ ever, is inspired by the position it occupies which has been won in a great measure from the waves of the St. Lawrence and still further enlarged by the excavation of the rock. The greatest breadth it has attained is at Sous Ic Fort Street where the distance from the rock to the water’s edge js only two hundred THE CITV. 73 and forty yards. This narrow space is attended by some inconvenience to commercial men as regards the situ¬ ation of the buildings, the Custom House in particu¬ lar being placed in a rather inconvenient situation. A line of capacious and well constructed wharves ex¬ tends along the edge of the river, at which vessels of the largest burthen may discharge or receive their cargo. The great majority, however, of timber- ships arriving at the port of Quebec in ballast repair at once to the Ballast-Ground opposite to Wolfe’s Cove, from which they proceed to the several coves where the lumber is deposited for exportation. These spacious inlets, so admirably adapted by nature for the reception of the timber, extend from Diamond Harbour for several miles along the northen bank of the river. On the southern shore, also, there are sta¬ tions at which the produce of the forest is shipped for Burope. The most important of these is Nc-w Liver¬ pool live miles above Poiut Levi, and at the Elch- min Mills about a mile nearer. The wharves of the Lower Town and beaches at the mouth of the liver St. Charles exhibit also during the navigable sea¬ son considerable quantities ot lumber in readiness for exportation. The most considerable wharf is the Government Wharf at the back of which from in ^ Champlain Street is an extensive stone building oc¬ cupied as the Commissariat Store. At the opposite side of the street is a small Guard-House. Between 74 TIIE CITY. this wharf and Napoleon Wharfliesthe Guide Sac , a small open dock where ships of considerable tonnage can be laid aground to receive repairs, as ii becomes dry at every tide. It is also used in the winter lor schooners and other small vessels which arc there protected from the ice. Its length 19 one hundred and eighty yards with a depth of eighty. Immediately opposite the Government Store and the Custom House which adjoins it may be observed the vestiges of a melancholy calamity which occurred in the spring of 18*11. A large portion oithe rock, carrying with it a part of the fortified wall, descended upon the houses at the foot, eight of which were entirely overwhelm¬ ed by this fatal avalanche, no indication of danger appearing to the unfortunate inmates in time to af¬ ford them the slightest warning. Twenty two per¬ sons were rescued alive from the ruins, the greatest exertions having been made to clear away the rub¬ bish for that purpose. The number of fatal casual¬ ties on this occasion was thirty-three. The origin of the hboulcmenl is attributed to the overflowing of the drains in the spring after the frosts of the prece¬ ding winter. The river St. Lawrence, which ts suddenly contracted in its course as it passes between Quebec and Point Levi, is only 1314 yaids wide at this point. Its greatest depth is twenty eight fathoms, and the average rise of the tide is seven- TUE CITY. 75 teen ieet, but at the springs it is increased to twenty three or twenty four feet. The rapidity of the current here is very considerable and its force is aug¬ mented by the sudden turn in its course at Point Levi. This truly majestic river—the great artery of commerce intersecting the most important of the British North American provinces—exhibits, ac¬ cording to Bouchette, an uninterrupted course of up¬ wards of two thousand miles. It forms a connecting link, under several appellations, between the great lakes of Canada West, its most remote source beyond lake Superior being known as the river St. Lewis. As it descends towards the ocean it receives the waters of numerous other rivers and streams many of them of considerable magnitude and importance. Merchant vessels of large burthen proceed without impediment as high as Montreal, about one hundred and eighty miles above Quebec. The latter city may be looked upon as the 7 grand outlet for the produce of the province, of which lumber forms the principal article and is solely shipped at this port. The channel to the south of the Island of Orleans only is used at the present day by vessels from sea, al¬ though at a former period the north channel was also used as a course for merchant vessels. Quebec is situ¬ ated on the north western side of the river in latitude 46 ° 48’ 30” and longitude 71° 17’ on the bold pro¬ montory which rises at the confluence of the river St. 1 mm MM 7b THE CITY. Charles with the St. Lawrence. Since the introduc¬ tion of the first steamboat on the St. Lawrence by John Molson Esquire of Montreal in 1812 the communica¬ tion between that city and Quebec has gradually at¬ tained the celerity which it boasts at present. But a few yeais since the passage to Montreal was not accomplished under two days ; it is now made in the remarkably short space of twelve or fourteen hours, while the passage to Quebec occupies some hours less, in consequence of the current setting in favor of the downward trip. The following list of the several steamers plying between these cities distinguishes those engaged as regular passage boats from the boats employed in towing. Passaic Boats . Queen, Montreal, Lord Sydenham, Charlevoix, Tow Boats . Alliance, Canada, St. George, North America, The Charlevoix has recently started in opposition reducing the Cabin passage from four to two dollars. Two boats leave Quebec each day,tire Mail Steam¬ er starting exactly at five o’clock and the other soon after. The competition which has recently existed has caused no little improvement in the general ar¬ rangement of these steamers. In point of speed* accommodation and cleanliness there is but little to he desired, and in regard to meals the time occu- the city. 7? picil in the passage renders much attention to that point unnecessary. A small steamer—the St 4 Nicho¬ las—has been started this summer to run between Quebec and St. Nicholas on the south shore, to su¬ persede the horse-boat previously engaged in passing to that village. This boat leaves Quebec twice daily. Arrangements have also been made for establishing a regular communication with the ports on the St. Lawrence below Quebec. The Al¬ liance, the Lady Colbome and the Pocahontas start from Quebec about once in each week, the two for¬ mer for Kivicre du Loup and places in the route with occasional excursions to the Saguenay,while the Po¬ cahontas is also engaged in a weekly trip to tbeQuar- antinc Station at Grossc Isle. Between the Lower Town and Point Levi several small steamers are employed as ferry-boats this season. The preju¬ dices of the habitants in favor of hoise-boats have hitherto prevented the successful introduction of steamers, but the spirited efforts now making to set aside these clumsy and inelegant conveyances will meet we trust with due encouragement. The horse- boat is propelled by paddle wheels, the machinery of which is moved by the efforts of four horses that work in a circle round a capstan placed in the centre of the vessel. As the majority of the pas¬ sengers are in general Canadian farmers on thei r way to, or returning from the markets, the deck of 78 THE CITY. the boat exhibits occasionally a motley group in which tjie eye of the stranger may detect much to interest or amuse him. Their vehicles and cattle are also taken on board and disembarked with facility. Small pilot boats arc likewise used in crossing the river, and arc constantly at hand for the purpose of conveyance. In the winter the passage is impeded and rendered exceedingly hazardous by the masses of floating ice. The peculiar features of the transit at this season are thus minutely described by Bou- chette. “ In almost any weather they will cross in their ca¬ noes, which are large and very strong, being made from the trunk of a tree, hollowed out, or more fre¬ quently of two joined together, and firmly secured on the inside ; they are managed with great dexte¬ rity, and sometimes take as many as eight passen¬ gers, besides the three or four men who work them. In the winter, when large masses of ice are floating up and down with the tide, and often, when there is a strong breeze, impelled at the rate of three or foul knots an hour, this passage is singularly labori¬ ous, and to all appearance extremely hazardous,yet it is very rare that a fatal accident has happened ; in snow-storms, indeed, they have been frequently driven several leagues out of their course, either above or below the town, without knowing where¬ abouts they were, but have always reached their place of destination sooner or later. It is not an uncommon thing to sec several of these large ca¬ noes, laden with provisions for the market, crossing the river as nearly in a line as they are able to keep. THE CITY. 79 I be cargoes are generally secured hy a strong lash- ing they arc provided with strong poles, having iron hooks at the end lor grappling hold of the ice® and drag ropes. When large sheets of ice oppose lini. pro .g. re . ss > ,lle lnen j hy means of the poles and ropes, which they employ with an uncommon abili¬ ty, get the canoe upon it, and by main force dra» it perhaps fifty or sixty yards, or until they find a con¬ venient opening to launch it again among the smal¬ ler fragments, and then, using their paddles, they n^ i “ n , ‘V hey “ re intercepted by another flat, upon which it is again hoisted as before, continuing thus in toilsome succession across the river. Fre¬ quently, while they are forcing it over a piece of ice, heir slippery foundation breaks beneath them • but they mostly contrive to skip nimbly into the ca¬ noe, and evade the difficulty. Often in pursuing their course through a narrow vein of water be¬ tween two enormous masses, they are suddenly clo¬ sed upon; and, at the moment when the stranger would imagine the canoe would be ground to atoms by the colUsion, they skilfully contrive, by means ot their poles, to make the pressure of the two bo- dies act upon the lower part of their vessel, and, with a little assistance ot their own, heave it upon before r aCC> ° Vei Wh ‘ C ^ lt 1S P us ^ ed and dragged as ? re amaz 'ng!ysteady in this laborious work, and ong habit seems to have expelled from their minds every sense of danger. Thus emploved, they appear to be insensible to the severity of the cold; they are not encumbered with much clothing, w Mich is as light and as.warm as they are able to pro¬ cure. It one ot them happeos to get an unlucky 80 TUL CITY. plunge, he is extricated by his comrades as expe¬ ditiously as possible; when a hearty coup tie lum all round, with which they are never unprovided, is the usual remedy for such misfortunes. When they arrive at the landing before the market-place,some¬ times the tide is low, and the ice forming the solid border perhaps ten or twelve feet above them ; in this case they jump out as feist as they can, all but one man ; and while the rest are getting a firm foot¬ ing above, he fastens the drasj rope to the fore part of the canoe, and immediately assisting his com¬ rades, the whole is hauled up by main force out of the water, when the lading, consisting of poultry, carcasses of sheep or pigs, of fish or other articles, is transferred without delay to the market-place.” The ice-bridge between the city and Point Levi puts a stop to the labors of these hardy canoe men, who invaiiably endeavour for that reason to break up the ice when it first takes. But persons whose bu¬ siness or other occasion obliges them to cross during the winter find in it a foilunate release from tlio ha¬ zard and exposure incurred in these tri|>s. Thu bridge has also a sensible etrecl upon the markets of the Lower Town,fire wood in particular being brought over by the Canadian farmers who have otherwise no opportunity of disposing of this article. Yaiious expedients have been suggested to 3ccurc to the in¬ habitants every winter this safe means of communi¬ cation with the opposite shore, but it is not at all ob¬ vious that the advantages afforded by the bridge are such as to render desirable so sciious an impediment THE CITY. 81 to the opening of the navigation. In the spring of 1835 the ice-bridge remained firm till the 8th of May, about three weeks later than the usual period of ar¬ rivals from sea, and it is not improbable that any ar¬ tificial measures adopted for its formation would greatly contribute to postpone its departure still lon¬ ger. Point Levi may be justly considered as one of the suburbs of Quebec. It consists of a line of houses at the foot of the rock immediately opposite to the Lower Town, among which are several hotels and taverns where persons en route to the city may be comfortably accommodated. The numerous fer¬ ry-boats in the summer enliven its appearance and several substantial wharves and slips in which lar-c vessels are laid up for repairs lend it an air of com. mercial bustle. An acclivity at each end of this street leads to the heights, which are not only pic¬ turesque and attractive but command so beautiful a view of the city and general prospect as to merit a passing visit from the traveller. The road as it passes the French Church at the point discloses a a view of the falls of Montmorenci which seems, at a distance of several miles across the bay, like a mo¬ tionless sheet of foam in the rugged gap into which it descends. The crowded suburb of St. Roch, which contains a greater proportion of the population than any G THE CITT. other division of the City, has sprung op to its pre¬ sent extent almost entirely within this century. It* close array of streets is chiefly inhabited by mecha¬ nics and aitisans of all grades, although the last few years have witnessed a decided improvement in the construction of the houses. The neighbor¬ hood of St. Valier street extending from the foot of Cote iVAbraham is almost engrossed by tanneries, and the several ship yards on the bank of the St. Charles afford the means of support to a great por¬ tion of the inhabitants in this suburb. St. Roch is connected with the Beauport shore by Dorchester bridge which crosses the mouth of the St. Charles at the extremity of Craig street. It is the properly of Messrs. Anderson and Smith, who built it about twenty years since and levy a toll from passengers by the sanction of the legislature. It is along woo¬ den structure with a draw-bridge for the passage of vessels launched from the ship yards above. About two miles higher up the St. Charles is crossed by Scott’s bridge at a very picturesque point of the ri- vcr. ECCLESIASTICAL EDIFICES. I. EPISCOPAL CHURCH. This building is one of the handsomest in the city. The exterior, though devoid of ar¬ chitectural ornament, pleases the eye by its size and the justness of its proportions. The walls of grey stone are covered with a light ce- -ment and its roof and spire with tin which greatly contributes to the elegance of its exter¬ nal appearance. The interior is light and spa¬ cious. Along the walls of its commodious gal¬ leries are several marble slabs among which will be particularly noticed a monument recently erected to the late Duke of Kichmond. The death of this regretted nobleman in 1819 , while Governor General of these provinces, was cau¬ sed by hydrophobia arising from the bite of a pet fox. His remains are interred between the pul¬ pit and the altar, the spot being indicated by a brass plate upon the floor. Within the rails of the communion table is also a very handsome monument to the memory of the first bishop of THE CITV. St Quebec tlio Right Rev. Jacob Mountain 1). P., and directly opposite is one to bis successor the Right Revd. Bishop Stewart. The musical service is conducted by a regular choir with an organ of considerable power and sweetness. A peel of eight bells is also attached to this church, of which the tenor bell is about 1G cwt. The exterior length of the Cathedral is about forty five yards and the breadth twenty five. It was erected in 1804 in the open space which had previously been occupied as the garden of the Iltfcollet church and convent. The latter buil¬ dings were erected in 1690, the house which had until that year been occupied by the Rtf- collet Fathers on the banks of the St. Charles being transferred to the Bishop for the purposeof founding the General Hospital which now stands there. The church occupied the space now open l>etween the Court llousoand the Place d'Armes, its convent and other buildings ex¬ tending along the west side of that square.— They were destroyed by fire in 1796. On the north side of the Cathedral an old elm tree will be observed near which, os tradition informs us, Champlain pitched his tent on his first arri¬ val in Quebec. A very neat cut-stone rectory has been recently built on the south side facing the area in front of the Cathedral, and is at pre¬ sent occupied by his Lordshipthe Bishop of Mon¬ treal. The square is enclosed on the other sides THE CITY. 85 by a handsome iron railing supported bv a stone wall. 2. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. This spacious pile, which with the Seminary occupies the cast side of the market place, was erected in 1GGG soon after the establishment of the Royal Government in Canada, since which period it has on several occasions un¬ dergone considerable alterations. The exte¬ rior, as represented in the plate, was irregular and without any pretensions to architectural beauty, its deficiency in this respect being ren¬ dered more strikingby the position of the spire which is placed on the south side, the original design of two spires having never been comple¬ ted. The front has, however, been recently removed for the purpose of erecting a new fa¬ cade of cut stone which is rapidly progressing towards completion. It will present a neat and handsome appearance, though without embellish¬ ment. The roof and steeple being covered with tin, in common with all the principal buildings of the city, are like those of the English Cathe¬ dral conspicuous objects at a great distance. The exterior length is about seventy yards, with a breadth of thirty six. The interior is lofty, spacious and handsomely decorated, and 86 THE CITY, is sufficiently commodious for a congregation of four thousand persons, the body of the edifice as well as the galleries being divided into pews for their accommodation. In the aisles are four chapels dedicated to different saints. A very excellent choir is attached to this Cathe¬ dral, which contains an organ of a sweet though not very powerful tone. Adjoining it on the south side in Buade Street is the Presbytere in which the Curate resides. It communicates by a covered way with the church. In the bombardment from Point L6vi during the siege of 1751) this edifice suffered considerable damage, many valuable pictures having been destroyed or mutilated on that occasion. The walls are still decorated, however, with several interesting works of art, some of which were brought out to this coun¬ try about the period of the first French revolu¬ tion. 1. The subject of the altar piece is The Concep¬ tion, in the style of Lc Brun. 2. On the north, The Apostle Paul in his extatic vision.—By Carlo Maratti. 3. On the opposite wall, The Saviour ministered unto by Angels.—By Rcslout. 4. Above the altar in the south nave, The flight of Joseph ami Mary with the young child into Egypt. A copy of a painting over the Altar in the Chapel of the Seminary. THE CITY. 87 5 On the pillar above the pulpit, The Kedeemcr enthe Cross.—By Vandyke. 6. On the opposite pillar, The Nativity of Christ, a copy of the famous design by Annibal Carrachi. 7. The Saviour suffering the outrages of the Sol¬ diers. — Matthew x.vvii. 27 — 31.—By Flurct. 8. The Day of Pentecost.—By Vignon. 9. The Holy Family.—By Blanchard. 3. ST. ANDREW’S CHURCH. This edifice, which is situated in St. Anne street, is of a plain exterior with a small stee¬ ple rather out of proportion with the size of ihe building. It was erected in 1810, previ¬ ous to which period an apartment in the Je¬ suit College had been assigned for the use of members of the Scotch Church. In 1824 it was enlarged to its present dimensions_ninety five feet by forty eight within the walls. The neat and substantial Schoolhouse adjoining the church was built in 1831: it is well managed and holds w ithin its beneficial influence a great number ot scholars. A handsome cut-stone manse has since been erected on the other side of the church and is occupied by the present iucum- bent the Revd. Dr. Cook. The vocal music in the service of this church is of a superior order. 68 THE CITY. 4. ST. JOHN'S CHURCH. This Chapel, which stands in St. Francis street, was erected in 1810, its members at that time being of the Congregational persuasion. In the year 1830 they testified the desire of conforming to the doctrines of the church of Scotland and at their request a regularly or¬ dained clergyman of that church was sent out to them. The Revd. Mr. Clugston who was selected on that occasion is still their Pastor. The chapel is without ornament. 5. ST. PATRICK’S CHURCH. The great increase of tho Irish Catholics of Quebec a few years since rendering necessary better accommodation for public worship than that atVordod by the church in the Lower Town, a public subscription was entered into to which tho Protestants contributed with great litarali- ty, and the erection of the present substantial stone edifice was the result in 1832. This building, which fronts St. Helene street, is neat and well proportioned in its external ap¬ pearance, its spiro being one hundred and twenty feet in height and the area covered THE CITY. 89 by the church about one hundred and thirty six feet by .sixty two. The* interior construc¬ tion is on a handsome and commodious scale, affording ample accommodation to the nu¬ merous congregation of this church wliich increases yearly. There is an excellent organ ami the arrangements for the musical ser¬ vice are conducted in a liberal and highly creditable manner. The pastor, the Revd. Mr. McMahon, is a talented preacher and a strenu¬ ous advocate of the doctrines of liis establish¬ ment. «. EPISCOPAL CHAPELS. Trinity Chapel. —At the suggestion of the Bishop this chapel was erected in 1824 by the late Chief Justice Sowell, whose son the Revd. E. W. Sewell is the officiating clergyman. Its front, which is situated in St. Stanislas street, is of haudsomo cut stone. The interior is neat and commodious, in length seventy four feet by lorty eight. In the gallery a handsome marble monument has been erected to the memory of the late Chief Justice by his family. There are three other chapels, of no archi¬ tectural pretensions, for the convenience of members of the Protestant church. St, Matthew's or the Free Chapel , which is 90 THE CITY. attached to the Protestant Burying Ground in St. John suburbs, was fitted up in 1828. Divine service is performed here on Sunday evenings and the accommodation is entirely gratuitous. St, Paws or The Mariner's Chapel is situated near Diamond Harbor and is a wooden build¬ ing over a stone Sehoolhouse which is connec¬ ted with it. It was consecrated in 1832 and is chiefly intended for the use of seafaring per¬ sons. St, Peter's Chapel is situated in St. Valier street and lias been recently erected for the convenience of members of tho Episcopal church residing in St. ltochs. It is a plain but neat structure. It is intended to supply the place of a chapel in Church street St. Kochs to which was attached a Male Orphan Asylum, The latter was lately abandoned in conscquonco of the dangorous state of the building and tho Asylum removed to the National School House. 7. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. Not long after the adoption of tho doctrines of the Scotch church by tho members of St. John’s chapel, tho Congregationalists revived again under the ministry of the KevtU Mr. At¬ kinson and held their meetings in a largo apart¬ ment at the corner of Garden street, opposite THE CITY., 91 the English Cathedral. In 1841 their present small but very elegant chapel was erected in Palace street, from the design and under the su ¬ perintendence of their pastor. The building is ot cut stone and of the Gothic order; an accurate representation of the exterior is given in the plate. The interior is neat and elegant in its construction and commodious in its gene¬ ral arrangement. 8. WESLEYAN CHAPEL. This building was erected in 1810. It is situated in St. Anne street nearly opposite the west end of the Gaol. Its construction is per¬ fectly plain. The interior affords ample ac¬ commodation to a numerous congregation. The society are united with the English Con¬ ference. A smaller chapel was built in 1830 in Champlain street for the convenience of sai¬ lors during the summer. There is also another in St. Louis suburbs called the “ Centenary Chapel.” Three Sunday Schools are attached to these chapels and afford the means of in¬ struction to a great number of children. 9 . L'ECLISE DE LA CONGREGATION. There is nothing worthy of particular notice in this edifice, which is situated on the lull between 92 TFIE CITY. St. Johns gate and tho Esplanade. Its tin roof and spire are conspicuous above the ram¬ parts. The interior is without ornament. 10. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE LOWERTOWN. This is one of the most ancient buildings in the city and is situated in the square or market place of the Lower Town. On the failure of the expedition under Sir Wm. Phipps in 1090 this church was consecrated by the people to Notrd Dame de la Victoirc in gratitude for that event. The ill success of Admiral Walker in 1711, who abandoned bis designs upon Quebec in consequenco of the wreck of some of his vessels in the St. Lawrence, was regarded as a second victory by the inhabitants, who changed the name of this church to Notre Dame des Victoires. In the seige of 17o9 it was reduced to ruins by the fire from the batteries at Point Levi. At this time it is said to have contain¬ ed a fine painting, representing a city in finmes, with an inscription upon it to the following effect —“ That in the year 1711 when Quebec was threatened with a siege, one of the Jfeligieuses prognosticated that this Church ami Lower Town would be destroyed by the llritish in a conflagration before the year 1700.” This prophetic announcement, which is said to be the citv. 93 well attested, made such an impression on the minds of the people of all ranks that they dedi¬ cated two days every year to fasting and wor¬ ship, imploring the intercession of their patro- ness to protect the church from fire and sword. J his edifice of late years has been but little used for public worship. Previous to the erec¬ tion ol St. Patrick’s Church it was devoted to the use of the Irish Catholics. II. ST. ROCH’S CHURCH. This spacious building is a neat and substan¬ tial edifice of grey stone, and possesses within very extensive accommodation to meet the wants of the populous suburb in which it stands. With this view it was recently enlarged by a considerable extension of its front and galle¬ ries. The latter, of which there are two tiers of equal dimensions, are fitted up with plain but comfortable pews. There are several pain¬ tings on the walls and in the Sacristy portraits of Pope Pius VII. and of the Roman Catholic Bishop Plcssis, to whose munificence this church was much indebted. 1. The Annunciation of the Angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary. Luke i. 26—38.—By Iicslout . 2. The Holy Family.—By Colin dc Vtrmond. 3. The Resurrection of Our Saviour.—By Chalis. THE CITY. 4. St. Nicholas.—By Fignon. 5. St. Roch anil a Virgin.—By Blanchard. The now front is of cut stone but not re¬ markable for taste in its construction. Until recently it faced Crown street, a wide and hand¬ some thoroughfare, from which, however, it is now coneealed by a Nunnery which lias just been erected. This building is intended for the use of the Tilles de la Congregation, who have hitherto occupied a building in the Lower Town. They are the only sister-hood in this city whose usefulness extends beyond the walls of their es¬ tablishment. They are at present six in number and devote themselves to education. The 1 milding is of grey stone three stories in height with a plain but substantial exterior. It comprises numerous apartments large and commodious in their arrangement. 12. CHURCHES AT POINT LEVI. The French Church is chiefly deserving of notice from its prominent position at Point L4- vi. It is built in a neat and substantial style, and does not display in its internal decoration anything worthy of remark. The English Church occupies a very pictu¬ resque position on the woody summit of Point L4vi, immediately opposite the city. Its front TFIE CITY, 95 faces the river and has a very pleasing effect when viewed at a distance. On nearer ap¬ proach it loses much of its interest, the building being of wood and rather out of repair. 13. HOTEL DIEU. A very striking feature of the early coloniza¬ tion of Canada by the French will be found in the magnitude of the insti tut ions for religious, edu- eational and charitable purposes erected in Que¬ bec. Formed on a scale far beyond the wants of the colonists at the period of their formation, their advantages were not confined to the set¬ tlers but were extended with a liberal hand to the natives of the soil, who were led to parti¬ cipate in the benefits of religious instruction administered by the pious settlers both male and female. The Hotel Dieu was founded in 1637 by the Duchess D’Aiguillon, under whose auspices several nuns were sent from France to carry into effect her benevolent designs. Some years, however, elapsed before the erection of any buildings on the present site, the Hofpitalicrcs in the interim being obliged to avail themselves of temporary accommodation at different places, among others a small house at Sillery which was built for their use. In 1658 the first crec- 96 the CITV . tion of a substantial naturo took (.lace, and Subsequent additions gradually acquired for it a more imposing ap|>earance. ' But a few years previous to the conquest the whole range was consumed by fire, and the present extended pile soon after erected. The buildings consist ola Convent, Hospital and Church to which are attached a spacious garden and a cemetery, occupying altogether an area of nearly ten acres. I lie front ot the Hospital is in Palace Street, the wall of the establishment extending from I alaec Gate, parallel with the fortifications, within a short distance of Hope Gate. The principal building is threo stories high, its greatest length being three hundred and eightv three feet by fifty in breadth. The wing oii the west side is two stories in height and about one hundred and fifty feet long. This excellent institution, originally designed for the reception of the sick poor, promotes to a great extent tho beneficent objects for which it was founded, .very attention is paid to the wants of the pa¬ tients, whose comfort is secured by the por- sonal attendance of the Indies of the Hospital It is divided into male and female wards ami contains fifty l«sl* for the sick. There are four physicians whose services are gratuitous, at¬ tached to this establishment,— Doctors Pnrnnt Morrin, Nault and Sewell. One attends am v # -Lin? religious community consists of a 111K CITY. 97 Sup£ricuro La Reverende Mere Ste. Antoine, thirty seven nuns and two novices. The funds of the institution are derived from landed pro¬ perty and the revenues of seigniories, assisted by occasional grants from the legislature. In connection with the Hotel Dicu arrangements were made some years since for the reception of foundlings. A register is kept there of persons in the country parishes who are desirous of un¬ dertaking the task of rearing these infants, the recommendation of their cures being given in support of their fitness. An annual allowance of thirty doll arsis given for the maintenance of each child, to be discontinued at the expiration of five years. This excellent system has been attended with the happiest results". The adopted children ;tte invariably treated with the greatest kindness, in some instances being so fortunate as to inherit the property of their protectors, who are in ge¬ neral persons without any issue of their own. The church is plain in its construction and does not display much internal decoration. Its length is one hundred feet and breadth about forty. The entrance is in Collins Street. It contains several paintings among which the fol¬ lowing are pointed out as originals. 1. The Nativity of Christ, Luke ii—By Stella. 2. The Virgin and Child.—By Coypel. 3. Hie Vision of St. Thcnse.—By J Icnagcat. li THE CITY. 98 4. St. Itruncau wrapt in meditation.—By Lc Sueur. The Hospital contains a series of four paint¬ ings illustrative of events in the life of our Sa¬ viour, and in the Chaplain's room is an inter¬ esting painting which depicts the sullcrings of the Jesuit missionaries on the occasion of the attack made on their chapel at Three Rivers by the Indians in lOJO. 14. THE GENERAL HOSPITAL. This institution was founded in 1093 l»v M. de St. Vallior, bishop of Quebec, for the re¬ ception of the indigent sick and incurables. It was erected on the site of the ll4collet Con¬ vent, the priests of that fraternity receiving in lieu the property adjoining the Place d'Armcs. The building is situated on the side of the river St. Charles about a mile from the city and con¬ sists of a Convent, Church and Hospital, tho whole in a quadrangular form with a projecting w ing to the south west one hundred and thirty feet in length by fifty in breadth. The princi¬ pal front, which presents a handsome appear¬ ance, is two hundred and twenty eight feet in length and thirty three in depth. There is al- T1IE city. 99 550 a small detached building for the reception of insane persons in which every care is taken ol the unfortunate inmates, eighteen in number, though the restricted limits in which theyare con- lined point out the necessity for a building on a inure appropriate scale. The general manage¬ ment ot the institution is under the superinten¬ dence of the Superieure La R4vercnde Mere Ste. Marie Josephte Sirois dit Duplessis with forty eight professed nuns and nine novices lhcsc ladies evince no little skill and a credi¬ table industry in the manufacture of articles, especially church ornaments, by the sale of which they add to the resources derived from landed property by which the establishment is supported. The school attached to this insti¬ tution consists at present of forty seven boar¬ ders together with a number of ^day scholars (externes). As their funds, however, have been found insufficient to meet the large expendi¬ ture, the deficiency is supplied by an annual grant from the provincial government under the control of five gentlemen who act as com¬ missioners. This is applied to the maintenance ol the insane, of old and infirm persons and provides, also, tor the reception of foundlings at the Hotel Dieu. The church is neat and commodious and contains several paintings that do not call for particular notice. A gaflery is here appropriated to such of the invalids as'aro able to attend the service. 100 THE CITV. 15. THE URSULINE CONVENT. In the year 1G39 Madame de la Peltrie, a young widow of fortune, embarked for Quebec, accompanied by three Ursulino nun* in the same vessel with the Ilospitaliercs by whom the Hotel Dieu was established. This lady de¬ voted her fortune and energies in founding the convent of the Ursulines, for the purpose of affording education to the young girls of the colony. Two years after her arrival the first building was erected, but was destroyed by fire in lGoO. It was erected again on the same spot and mot with a similar fate in 1G80. The present edifice is a substantial construction of stone, two stories high in the form of a square, one hundred and twelve feet in length and forty broad. The church of St. Ursula is ninety five feet long by forty five in breadth, fron¬ ting towards Garden street. Its exterior is plain but the appearance of the interior is sim¬ ple and pleasing, its altar being remarkable for the neatness of its decorations. On the north side is the choir, which is separated from the church by a grating and is still larger in its dimensions. In the rear of the church facing St. Louis street is the entrance to the convent, the Parloir being to the left of the door and THE cm. i ol tlie apartments of the Chaplain on the right X lie entire range occupies a large space and has a rich and productive garden attached to it two hundred and fifteen yards in length and one hundred and forty five broad, enclosed l.v a • •Itv stone wall. The community at present consists of a Supf-ricure La Rdvercndo Mere Isa tella MeDonell, fifty two nuns and two no¬ vices. They are said to be the most austere Re- ligieuses in the province. The difficulty of ob¬ taining access to the domestic apartments is tan- tamount to exclusion, but an application to the Catholic Bishop by respectable strangers is occa¬ sionally successful. The admission of voung ladies to this nunnery is enjoyed by the citizens w ltliout reference to creed, and it is highly crc- ditable to the ladies. of the institution that no ettorts are made toinfluencethe religious opinions of such ot the pupils as belong to a different per¬ suasion. The land revenues being inconsidera¬ ble, the principal support of this establishment is derived from the pupils of whom there meat present sixty boarders and eighty half-boarders i here are besides about three' hundred day scholars (cxtcrncs) all poor children who are educated in a new detached building at a merely nominal charge. Their funds arc further in¬ creased by the produce of the garden and the sale of fancy work, in the production of which the sisters display a commendable industry. 10 2 THE C1TV. The church contains the following paintings, which strangers can have the privilege of in¬ specting on application to the chaplain. 1. Over the Grand Altar is—The biith of Imma¬ nuel. Luke ii.—By llgneau. 2. Above the eastern Altar is—-The Saviour ex¬ hibiting his heart to the Religicuses.—By Lc Sueur • 3. Opposite.—The Virgin Mary and the young Child. 4. Christians captured by the Algerines.—By Restout . 5. Louis XIII. of France, and the first Royal Governor of New France, with a tablet of the then existing Bourbon family.—An allegorical representa¬ tion of Canada. 6. In the side Altar, the Communion of St. Jerome, copy from a Donrenichino in St. Peters at Rome. 7. Jesus Christ sitting down at meat in Simon’s House, Luke vii—By Champagne . 8. The miraculous draught of tishes. Lukov. By Dc Lieu. 9. The parable of the wise and the foolish vir¬ gins; Mathew x\v.— 10. The Saviour, delineated in the attitude of preaching.—By Champagne . There arc also some valuable paintings in the apartments of the convent which are not, however, open to public inspection. the city. 103 THE SEMINARY. Tins academy was founded in 1CC3 by M. . Laval, the first bishop of Quebec; I hough solely intended at first for the educa¬ tion of ecclesiastics, it has long been devoted to the purposes ot general education, pupils being admitted without distinction of language or religion. The present number of pupils 'is three hundred, of whom one hundred and fif¬ teen are boarders at the annual charge of £17- 10-0. The instructionof the others is gratuitous, a trifling compensation for fuel being the only Charge. 1 lie affairs ol the institution are mana¬ ged by a Board of Directors who elect their Su¬ perior. The Iievd. Antoine Parant holds that office at present. The Seminary is divided into separate branches, distinguished as the Grand and Petit Scminairc , and embraces in its course of education nearly all the studies re¬ quisite for polite instruction at the present day. To meet the arduous duties of this establishment there arc several professors who receive no pe¬ cuniary allowance for their exertions. The Bevd. Joseph Aubry is director of the Grand Seminaire and the Bev. Louis J. Casault has the superintendence of the junior branch. 101 THE CITY. The Seminary was twice consumed by fire, in the years 1701 and 1705. It was also da¬ maged to a serious extent in the siege of 1759. The present extensive range of buildings is of very recent erection. It comprises three sides m of a square, each seventy three yards in length with a depth of forty feet, ami an additional wing extending from the side to the east. The whole is substantially built of grey stone and is throe* stories in height, >\ it h t he e\< option of the wing which is four stories high and nearly fifty yards in length. The front faces the market place on the north side of the Cathedral. In the rear is a large and beautiful garden which extends to the Grand Battery and with the buildings covers a space of nearly seven acres. The entrance to the Seminary Chapel is on the left of the arched way leading to the square. The interior is neat and pleasing and contains an excellent collection of paintings by eminent French masters. 1. '1 he Saviour and the Woman of Samaria at Jacob’s Well'ncarJSychar. John iv.— by Lagrcnic. 2. The Virgin Ministered ui.to by the Angels, who arc represented as prepuirg the linen clothes for the child Jesus.— By Dc Lieu, 3. In the light wing, the Saviour on the cross, at the moment described by the Evangelist. — John xix, 30.— By Monet . THE cm - , 105 4. At the entrance—the Egyptian Hermits in the solitude of Thebais.—By Guillot. 5. Next the wing—The terror of St. Jerome, at the recollections of a vision of the day of judgment. By D'Hullin. 6. The Ascension of the Lord Jesus.—By the Champagnes. 7. The Saviour’s Sepulchre and, Interment.—By Hutin. 8. Above the altar—The flight of Joseph to Egypt. Matthew ii.—By Vanloo. 9. Immediately above is a small oval delineating two Angels.—By Le Brim, 10. The trance of St. Anthony.—By Panoccl - d’Avignes . 11. The Day of Pentecost. Acts ii.—By the Champagne *. 1‘J. Peter’s deliverance from prison. Actsxii.— By Dc la Fosse . 13* At the entrance of the left wing—another view of the Hermits of Thebais.—By Guillot. 14. In front—The Baptism of Christ. Matthew iii.—By Claude Guy Halle . 15. St. Jerome writing.—By the Champagnes . 16. The wise men of the east adoring the Saviour. Matthew ii.-—By Bouricu. The Seminary has for some years Been the residence of the Catholic Bishop of Quebec. A the i itv 106 building is now, however, in course of erection fur uh n ' ar ■! ,T I ' ro r ch C »t'*odral which will Ck • T , r T d0nC0 for tho hcad of the ww . i f Ur , th tI " sl ' it y and prove, it is ex¬ pected, a handsome addition to its architectural "«Xi, h *!rv.' mv*? i th ,° t Cm,nary t0 w,,k1 ' admission “, ay b ® obtained through the Professor of Ma- t Jke'n ae “?!. hl - loso l' , >r. Tho Examinations take place at the closo of July, and during the vacation which follows the public are freely ad- ssssj;^ ' i ” sc "-' r ‘ i ««si burying grounds. edIw,!;r iP l Pr0 ‘°? t “ t esotery is attacli- -n 1,1 St - John’s Suburbs, flic Methodist Burying Ground is in D’Ar- tigny Street, St. Louis Suburbs. tho^lLeMV Ca “"’ lit ' , Uur y' ,n S Ground adjoins the Hotel Dieu near the Grand Battery Jn He Salaberry Street St. Louis Hoad is another extensive cemetery belonging to his persuasion. ° 1,1,3 StiSt°St a nS I5,,ryin . g Gr ? und iu Dorchester street St. ltoehs occupies a large space . In adrhtion to these there arc several eemote chitrehM. aChCd ‘° th ° Ilv3 l-itals and Catholic RARL 14 Ml NT HOUSE CIVIL EDIFICES. I. PARLIAMENT HOUSE On the right of Prescott-Gate as wo enter the Upper Town stands the Parliament House which when completed will be without a rival among the ornamental structures of Quebec. The plate represents the centre and north western wing—the only portion which is finished, the rest of the edifice consisting of the late Palace of the Catholic Bishop one of the oldest buildings in the city. A singular but not ungraceful effect is produ¬ ced by the union of two structures as dis¬ tinct in style as in the age of their erection. When the constitution of 1791 was granted to Canada this building was selected for the use of the Legislature, an annuity being given in lieu of it to the bishop. At the north-east angle on the second story is the apartment in which the Legislative Council met, and adjoining it on the north side was the Chapel which was de- no tiii: cirv. grey stone, three stories in height, one hundred nnd sixty feet long hy sixty eight in breadth. It is situated between the top of St. Stanislaus street and Angel street, with the front towards the former. Its use is sufficiently indicated by the stylo of its front, in which until lately was observed over the entrance the iron scallbhl used in enforcing fcbo last penalty of the law. This however, in deference to the public feeling has been recently removed. The situation of tho Jail is hcalthyand a yard about onchundred feet in depth enclosed by a high wall affords the means of air and exercise. Much objection has been found with the internal arrangements by which an indiscriminate intercourse is permitted among the prisoners. It is to be hoped that steps will be taken for removing so serious an evil. At the back of the yard is a building used as a House of Correction for disorderly females, of which un¬ happy class a great number of the inmates of tho prison is composed at present. This building was erected in 1810 at an expense to tho provincial legislature of upwards of £15,000. It was first occupied in 1814, previous to which the buildings attached to the Artillery Barracks were used as a Jail. Tho site on which it stands was for¬ merly occupied by a fort the ruins of which were standing at tho early part of this century. This was evidently one of the early erections of tho French colonists and was built with consi- THE CITY. Ill I durable strength and solidity. No direct refe- i cnee, however, can be traced to it among the I ancient annals of the city. 4 THE MARINE HOSPITAL The situation of this building in so unfre¬ quented a quarter at the outskirts of the suburb ot St. Iioch is much to be regretted, as it cer¬ tainly is one of the most ornamental structures in Quebec. Its position, however, on the bank ot the St. Charles affords greater facilities for the conveyance of that class of patients for whom it was designed, being erected for the reception of sailors and emigrants arriving from sea. Like the Parliament House it remains in an unfinished state, the centre and west win" only being completed. The design is taken from that of the Temple of the Muses on the Ilissus near Athens. When the original plan is acted on a double flight of steps will load to the principal entrance under a handsome colonnade of the Ionic order. The depth of tho wing is one hundred feet and when comple¬ ted the length of the building will be two hun¬ dred and six feet. It consists of four stories in addition to the attics, all of which exhibit ad¬ mirable arrangement for the comfort of the pa- 11 *2 TIIK CITV. ticntsand the convenience of all connect oil with the institution. They are occupied as follows: The ground lloor contains fifteen apartments besides a Catholic Chapel where service is regu¬ larly performed : service is also performed every Sunday by a Protestant Clergyman. Sixty pa¬ tients can be accommodated on the floor. The next or principal lloor will contain sixty eight patients and comprises Lecture and Operating Room, Dispensary, Library and Museum. The Library comprises many valuable prac¬ tical works for the use of the students who are admitted to the Surgical and Medical practice of the institution by the annual payment of six dollars. These subscriptions are reserved for the purchase of books for the Library which is in¬ creased about one hundred volumes yearly. On the second lloor are seven wards, which will hold one hundred and thirty four patients. The upper story which was designed for a Ly¬ ing in Hospital and the attics havo never been occupied. This Hospital was opened in 183d having been erected at a cost to the Legislature of £ 15,000. Its funds arc chiefly derived from a tax of one penny a ton on each vessel arriving from sea and a portion of the tax upon emigrants. The atlairs of the hospital are under the management of the following Commissioners—Jos. Morrin Iwp M, D. J. Parant Esq. M. D. and II. the city. 113 Goweu Esq. There are two visiting physici- ans, Drs. Painchauiland Douglas, together with a House Surgeon and pupil attached to the esta¬ blishment. The annexed statement will best ex¬ hibit the usefulness of this institution. Return of Admissions, Discharges and Deaths ia the Marine and Emigrant Hospital from 1 st May to 30th November 1843. y Total number of admissions 1012 Discharged. 945 \ Of these were Sailors. Emigrants.. Town people Medical Diseases. Fever. oqj Dysentery. 37 Rheumatism. 120 Infn. Lungs. 53 Other diseases. . . 121 Surgical Cases. 201 Fractures 37 Syphilis.. 58 100 120 \\ ounds and Contu- 53 sions. ] 121 Ulcers. 103 47 172 Other cases... Total 532 Total Out door patients 203. 480 5 THE OLD CHATEAU The exterior ot this building, which is on the oast side of the Place d’Armes, is plain .almost in THE CITY. to singularity. The interior comprises several spacious apartments. It was erected for the use of the Governor at the close of the last centurv, ami since the renovation of the Castle in 1809 this edifice has assumed the title of the Old Cha¬ teau which properly belonged to tin* other* The chief use to which it has since been put has been on occasions of levees and government par¬ ties for which the suite of rooms is well adapted. Several apartments have lately been devoted to the use of the Post Office. 6 THE CITY HALL This building is situated at the corner of Lewis and Ursulo streets. It was a private dwelling house purchased for the use of the Cor¬ poration and has no distinctive features in itsex- ternal appearance. Quebec was incorporated in 1833. The following is a list of the present members of the municipal government: WA YOS Honorable n. e. c.vnox. ALOXMB1I8. John Wilson, Alexander Simpson, llonble. Louis Massue, Edward Glackeincyer, Jean Tourangcau, Joseph Savard. councjLLcnt. G. 0Kill Stuart, Michael Connollv, Henry S. Scott, John Doran, T1IE CITY. 115 i Jolm McLeod, William O’Brien, Thomas W. Lloyd, Joseph Robitaille, Louis Plamondon, Edouard Rousseau, Joseph Laurin. ©rrJCEJJC f)F THE e©3?P®31ATI©J9. City Clerk— F. X. Garneau. I City Treasurer —Francis Austin. Office Hours— Winter —From 10 A.M. to 4 P. M. Summer —From 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. Road Surveyor —Joseph Hamel, from 10 to 11 A.M. daily. I Assistant to Road Surveyor —Theophile Bail- I large. I Notary —Chailes Maxime De Foye. THE BARRACKS I I The Casemate Barracks in the Citadel have already been alluded to in the notice of j that fortress. They are very commodious and perfectly secure, the bastions in which they are situated being proof against shells or other mis- siles. They are occupied at present by the 2nd Battalion of the GOtli liitles under the com¬ mand of Lieut. Col. Coekburn. The Jesuit Barracks , formerly the college of the Jesuits, founded for the instruction of youth and the propagation of religion among the Indians, was erected by that fraternity as it now stands in the early part of the last century. In 1G23 while the colony was still in its infancy, se- lit) Tilt CITY. voral of those zealous propagandists arrived in Quebec with tile intention of founding an insti¬ tution with the above objects. The capture of Quebec by the English under Kirk interrupted their efforts, and it was not until 1035 that the foundation of the college on the present site took place. In 1040 the church and college were entirely consumed by fire, a fate which the public buildings of this city so frequently ex¬ perienced at this early period. The Jesuit fa¬ thers having established themselves in the colo¬ ny devoted themselves to the task of converting the natives with a zeal and fortitude unexampled, perhaps, in the missionary annals of any other order. In the vicinity of a house which they erected at Sillery the remnant of the llurons took up their abode, and lent a willing ear to the religious instruction imparted to them by their respected teachers. But it was not alone m the quietude of their new settlement that theso fearless ministers sought to dispense their religious truths. With a perseverance which is worthy of the highest admiration they penetra¬ ted to the most distant parts of the province and after the endurance of unheard of privations sought to dilluse among hostile tribes their spi¬ ritual doctrines, fearless of the dangers to which they were exposed, although the refinement of Indian cruelty in many instances closed their sufferings in a death of torture. At the period THE CITT. 117 of the conquest in 1759 their number was nine including two missionaries, one to the Hurons at Lorcttc and the other to the Montagnais at Tudoussac and Chicoutimi. At this period in I addition to the present building a church occu¬ pied the space adjoining the eastern wall of the barrack yard on which the new Market-House is placed, the front of the edifice looking to- towards Fabriquc Street. When the British troops took possession of the city the college was made use of as a magazine of provisions, and it was deemed prudent by General Murray to dislodge the fathers “ lest their intriguing ge¬ nius should prompt them to play some trick which might have proved fatal in the then criti¬ cal situation of affairs.” On the capitulation of "Montreal soon after, they were readmitted into one wing of the building. The last of their or¬ der,' Father Casot, died in 1800 when the whole of the large estates of the Jesuits fell into the hands of Government. The Barrack occupies the west side of the market-place. It is a sub¬ stantial stone edifice, three stories high forming a quadrangle of two hundred feet by two hun¬ dred and twenty four ; the large yard in which it stands, extending more than two hundred yards between St. Anne and Fabrique Streets, was formerly the garden of the Jesuits, rich in cultivation and shaded by the picturesque and venerable relics of the forest. The 74th Regi- 118 TIIE CITY. ment under the command of Lieut. Col. Crabbe, K. II. are at present quartered here. The Artillery Barracks extend in a westerly direction from Palace Gate and are one hundred and ninety two yards in length, by forty loot deep,the whole being substantially built of stone, two stories in height. That portion adjoining the gate is occupied by the Ordnance Depart¬ ment and contains their ofliee ami storehouses. An extensive armoury until recently occupied the upper apartments of this building. The arms were kept in a constant state of repair and readiness, and arranged with much elegance and effect. They were transferred a few years since to the Citadel* These barracks were erected by the French previous to the year 1750 for the reception of the strong reinforcements at that time sent from France for the defence of the colony. A gato separates the portion occupied as barracks from the Ordnance Otliee. The yard within is neat and spacious ; in the centre is another building which contains the moss- room and officers' quarters. < 'lose by is a Racket- court, the only one in the city. Between the Barrack yard and St. John’s Gate are several magazines erected at the foot of the rampart. About the centre of St. Lewis Street is a large stono building occupied as officers’ quar¬ ter*. In the rear is the mess-room appropriated to the officers of the regiment occupying tho THE CITY. 119 Jesuit Barracks, Adjoining this building, also in the rear, is the Military Hospital, a large and «ommodiou8 structure, with every convenience for the invalids of the garrison. On the op¬ posite side of St. Lewis Street are the Mili¬ tary offices, in a house rented by Government, GOVERNMENT OFFICES- The Ordnance Office, which adjoins the Ar¬ tillery Barracks near Palace Gate, has been alluded to in the description of those buildings. The Commissariat Office is situated in St. Lewis Street, opposite the Court House. It was a private dwelling house purchased for the use of this department. The spacious stores of the Commissariat are in the Lower Town, in the rear of the Government Wharf. They comprise an extensive range of stone buildings, two hundred and fifty feet in length, for the reception of Government stores. The Wood yard, in which a constant supply of fuel for the garrison is kept up, occupies a conside¬ rable space at the eastern extremity of St. Roeh. The position on which it stands was formerly the site of the gardens of the Inten- dants’ Palace, the ruins of which building are at present within the limits of the yard. During the siege of 1775 it was occupied by a detach- 1:20 THE CITY. ment of the Americans and nearly destroyed by a cannonade from the garrison. It was subsequent¬ ly repaired and made available as a Government store, but an extensive fire lias recently reduced it once more to a state of ruin. This building was formerly one of the most elegant and im¬ portant in the city. It received its title of Pa- tow in consequence of the sittings of the Coun¬ cil being held there, and from it was derived the name of the street and gate leading thereto from the Upper Town. The lloval Engineer office is at the western end ol St. Lewis Street ami laces the Esplanade. Attached to it in the rear aro several work shops and laboratories. 1 The Barrack office is in St. Anno street, near the gate of tho Jesuit Barracks. It is a neat Buil¬ ding of cut stone, two stories in height. Ad¬ joining it is a stone building recently erected as a Government Bakery, from which the garrison is supplied. COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS- I. the exchange. This building was erected in 1828 to meet the wants of the mercantile community, who had previously met in St. Peter street since tho first institution took place in 1817. The new edifice is neatly constructed of cut stone, and is situated at the corner of Arthur street near the East India Wharf, a centraland convenient position. The length of the exterior is sixty five feet by thirty four in breadth. The Reading-room which is on the first floor, is fifty feet by thirty. It is well supplied with periodicals and is open to strangers if introduced by a subscriber. On the upper story is the room appropriated to the Board of Trade, which was instituted in 1809, together with several other apartments for the convenience of merchants. A refreshment sa¬ loon has been recently opened on tlic ground floor. THE CITY, 12‘2 2. THE CUSTOM HOUSE. This is a stone building, one storv in height, adjoining the government stores in Champlain street. It was built in 1833. Its internal ar¬ rangements are well calculated for the transac¬ tion of business, but since the melancholy cala¬ mity which occurred here through the descent of the rock in 1841 the business of this de¬ partment has been carried on at No. 36, St. Peter street, a locality better suited to the con¬ venience of the public. 3. THE TRINITY HOUSE. This institution was formed for the regula¬ tion of pilots and general management of af¬ fairs connected with the port of Quebec. Its incorporation ensures relief also to pilots when age or infirmity renders it necessary, and pro¬ vides for the support of their widows and chil¬ dren. It is conducted in a similar manner to institutions bearing the same name in England, its establishment consisting of a Master, Depu¬ ty Master and Wardens. The office is held at No. 46 St. Peter street. 4. THE POST OFFICE. The duties of this office are performed at present at the Freemason’s ilall in liuade street. TIIE CITY. 1:23 It is opened daily from 8 A. M. to 7 P. M. during the summer, and to 4 P. M. in the win¬ ter : on Sundays from 8 to 10 A. M. and 3 to 4 P. M. Letters to go the same day by the Montreal mail must be left before £ past 4 P. M. during the season of navigation, and half an hour earlier in winter. If directed to pla¬ ces beyond Montreal they must not be left af¬ ter. 4. 6. THE DANKS. Quebec Bank. —Fire Assurance Buildings_ St. Peter street. Established in 1818. Discount days —Monday Thursday . - Bank of Montreal, Quebec Branch. St. Peter street. Capital £730,000. Discount days— Tuesday <$• Friday. Bank of British North America . St. Peter street. This is a Branch of the Bank in Lon¬ don, of which the Capital is £1,000,000 ster¬ ling. Discount days—Wednesday <$• Saturday . City Bank Montreal. St. Peter street. Discount—daily from 10 to 3. Quebec Saving Bank. Fire Assurance Buil¬ dings—St. Peter Street. Open on Tuesday from 11 till 1 o’Clock. 126 TiiL cirr. Statement of Vessels built at and near Quebec from the year 1S38 to 1843 inclusive. In 1838, 17 Vessels, 8,293 Tons, In 1839, 27 do. 11,979 do. In 1840, 48 do. 25,754 do. In 1811, 43 do. 23.014 do. In 1812, 22 do. 10,379 do. In 1843, 17 do. 11,55J do. MARKETS. Tlio Market-place in the Upper-Town com¬ prises the square between the French Cathedral and the Jesuit Barracks one hundred and sixty feet in length. In front of tho latter it is two hundred and fifty feet broad, and at the cathe¬ dral one hundred and seventy two. A wooden building which was occupied for butchers* stalls has just been removed from the centre, and the new range of stalls erected on the si to of the old Jesuit Church. This market is attended MARKETS. 127 daily, but Tuesday and Saturday are the re¬ gular market days when it is generally crowded by the carts or sleighs of the habi¬ tants who bring with them a good supply of meat, poultry and vegetables. Strangers I have a good opportunity on these occasions of observing the peculiar traits of the pea¬ santry whose vehicles and horses occupy I the square. The Lower Town Market is held in the small square in front of theCatholic Church. I he space is exceedingly circumscribed and would be quite inadequate during the season of navigation, but that the adjoining wharf supplies the requisite accommodation for carrying on the business of this market. St. Tavi s Market is held in the larger space in St. Paul street, near the foot of Talace Gate. A neat row of butchers’ stalls occupies the centre. This market is chiefly used at present lor the sale of hay. Berthelot Market is occasionally held near Jupiter street in St John’s Suburbs. There is a small market-house here. Jacques Cartier Market will be kept in Crown street at the opposite side to the new Nunnery, where the place has been laid out for the purpose. CONGREGATIONAL *»o S r rATR/CRS CHURCHES In a historical, general, or panoramic point ox view, not much has occurred of par- ticu.ur importance in Quebec,since 1842. All the incidents which have maue her particu¬ larly famous in theeyes of the world occurred belore, und immediately after, the cession of the country by France ; and these are all mi¬ nutely described in this little work. As for the surrounding scenery, time has not yet done much in the way of improvement. Jt is true that there are fine country seats or ra¬ ther rural residences for the wealthy,’to be - met with in p ssing ove-the now admirably kept pub ic highways, and that fh.er houses meet the eye in the country villages, than would have been the case a hundred years ago. Nay theie is a greater breadth of cul¬ tivation now visible than only fifteen years back, and a superior style of cultivation too but the sun sets with no more dazzling and enchanting brilliancy to-day than thaUum!- nary ever has done here; the summit of Cap Tourment stretches up no neare r to the sky ; hill and dale have not materially changed their aspect; and even Quebec her¬ self, to the distant view, is not ino e strik¬ ingly imposing than when this hr ok was first issued forth. Yet there have been very J 30 is:>7 material changes; commerce ami population have increased and changed in character; ocean steamships anchor in our waters; the timber ships are of the largest size ; the river steamers are flouting palaces; innumerable propellers come direct to port from the far west; railroads have been built above and below Quebec, os, for instance, that to Ilichmond and that to St. Thomas; gas has been introduced into the city ; two suburbs have been renewed since the con¬ flagration of 1845 ; and the town has been supplied with water, brought tinder and across the river St. Charles near Dorchester Bridge, from the river of that name above the Falls of Lorette ; factories of all kinds, sizes and descriptions have been established ; capacious hotels have been built or added to ; shipbuilding has astonishingly improv¬ ed ; streets have been widened within the gates, and the very appearance of the shops entirely chunged ; Durham teriwicibus been enlarged ; the fortifications huYrn great¬ ly strengthened and otherwise! improved ; and, in a word, there has been in Que¬ bec, as elsewhere, that natural progress which even old c.t es on this continent must make m a given time. One thing has dis¬ tinguished Quebec since 1842, and tliut cun be very briefly expressed. In 1852 she had 1857 131 the honour of being the seat of the Provin¬ cial Government and place of meeting for the legislature, retaining that honor until August, 1855, and had the misfortune in connection with that honour, of losing, by fire, her fine Parliament Houses, the ruins of which stand so imposingly on the brink of the precipice which over-hangs the Lower Town. There is still another, the Semi¬ nary founded by the first Bishop of Quebec, was in 1854- laised by the Queen of England to the dignity of a University, and magnifi¬ cent new buildings have been erected within the seminary gardens to meet the educational .requirements. That only which the travel¬ ler needs purticu'aily to know, is the where¬ abouts and character of the new edifices since 1842; and he may know thus:_ Methodist C//wrcli.--Jn St. Stanislaus Street, near St. Andrews’ Church, a large gothic Church has been built by the Wesleyan Methodists, the interior of which is ele¬ gantly lifted up. It has an organ, and would probab'y contain about 2,000 people. This building supplies the place of the former edifice in St. Anne Street, which is now a Lecture Room, and the property of private individuals. 132 1857 . St. Fat nek's Church .—Since this work was first published, St. Patrick’s Church has been very much enlarged; a Literary Insti¬ tute has been erected immediately behind the Presbytery, having an excellent library, the newspapers of the day placed upon the tables of a fine reading room ; and in which lectures by men, who have made their ma-k, are frequently given. Parallel with the Church, a palatial Presbytery has been erect¬ ed for the accommodation of the pastor, within the past few years, at the expense of the Congregation. Clv'hv'rs' or the Free Church —Ts situated in St. 1 sule Street, near the Citadel glacis, and is decidedly, internally and externally, one of the neatest Churches in town. The tower has a very imp sing appearance*— This Church, which may contain over a thousand sitters, was 1 uilt to supply the place of St. John’s Church, alluded to in this work as situated in St. Francis Street, and which is now converted into a Tempe¬ rance Hull. It was in Chalmers’ Church that the Gavozzi riot occurred. A Baptist Church —plain and neat, exter¬ nally and internally, but not very large— has been erected in St. Helene Street, oppo¬ site the upper gate leading into the barracks of the Royal Artillery. 1857 133 Sf John’s Suburb Church —Is a large and most substantial cut stone building, erected some ten years ago, at the suggestion of His Grace the Archbishop of Quebec, who saw the wants of that j opulous suburb in a reli¬ gious point of view; and the two towers upon it are now in course of completion. It will probably contain alout 5000 people. The Church of St.Iioclis —has been rebuilt since the fire of 1815, and is a large and rather elegant edifice. Boisscauville Church — may be seen to much advantage from the neighborhood of the toll-gate on the St. Foy Road. It is a new and handsome stone building, not far from the “ General Hospital,” the building which u distinguished traveller a hundred years ago, asserted to be equal to any house in France of its kind. The New University of Laval consists of two edifices 80 feet in height, with flat roofs, protected by Patent Cement from the conse¬ quences of the weather; the one being the chool of anatomy, and the other, as it were, a street of cut stone buildings, extending, within the Seminary or New College Gar¬ den, from Hope to Rampart streets, for the students of philosophy and divinity. The Music Hall } internally, is decidedly »ne of the largest, as it is the most hand- 131 181)7 some, structure of the kind in Canada. The exterior is of cut atone, and very neat. Mount Ucrmon Cemetery —This resting- place for the dead is situa'ed near the resi¬ dence of the Governor-General, at Spencer Wood. It consists of 32 acres, abounding with trees and intersected with walks, from which a view can be obtained, more pleasing than the first, at every turning,and, already some distinguished personages are there crumbling into dust; among whom may be mentioned the name of John Wil¬ son, the celebrated Scottish vocalist. St • Charles Cemetery —Is situated on the property formerly belonging to the lion. Mr. Panet, richly covered with trees, and run¬ ning down fiom the Lorette Road, not far from Scott’s Bridge to the Little lliver. It is already well peopled. The monuments are numerous ami chaste ; the grounds very neatly laid out, and the whole keeping is creditable to those through whom and for whom the ground was purchased. HOTELS. There is RusscW$ } in Palace-street, which is a favourite place of abode wuth strangers, as well on account of the order, 1857 135 comfort, and cleanliness maintained, as on uccount of the urbanity of the host, Mr. Willis Russell, and the excellence and abundance of the substantialities and luxu¬ ries of the table. The “ Clarendon ”, in St. Louis Street, kept by Mr. Hugh O’Neill, to whom a like compliment may be paid, and whose exten¬ sive establishment has this summer receiv¬ ed an additional wing, the whole house being most superbly furnished. Headley's Ho el, in St. Anne’s Street, is a smaller house than either of the two pre- ceding, but it is most richly furnished— presents a handsome external appearance_ is well kept,and receives a respectable share of patronage. Fronting this hotel may be seen the stump a remarkably large tree, which tradition points out as having shaded the tent of Champlain on his first arrival in the country. This tree was destroyed during a storm a few years ago. STEAMERS. The ocean steamers are—The Allan line ; the Clyde Company’s line ; and the Thames line ; and Baby’s line of steam tug-ships. The River Passenger Steamboats are —The “ Quebec”; “ John Mnnn”; “ Victo- 136 1S57 ria and Napoleon”, which ply daily be¬ tween Montreal and Quebec; and the Through Line Lake Boats which aro too numerous to mention. The “ Saguenay”, a strong excellently, managed, and most comfortable boat, plies to tiie Watering Places of the Lower St. Lawrence, — Mal- baie, Kainouraska and Cacounn. Railroads .—The Depot of the St. Thomas, liclunondj M >ntreal and Portland Rail- oads, (Grand Trunk Line), is opposite Que¬ bec. The Ferry Boat Landing Place is at the Old Custom House, Quebec. New Market. 11 uses have been erected in the Lower Town; the Palais; and St. [loch’s Suburb; but none of them are re- nurkable for anything but butchers’ meat. The Water Works — Every house in Que¬ bec is now supplied with pure water, brought through an 18*inch pipe, (as al¬ ready mentioned) from Lorette, the first reservoir being on a height much above the highest point of Cape Diamond: the force of the water for tbt* extinguishment of fires may be con eiv-'d. M . Baldwin, of Bos¬ ton, was the s iperintending engineer, dur¬ ing the construction of the works, and, in- ' nlanntd them. 1857 137 The Ntuspapers. —The“ Chronicle” “ Co- jonijsL” “ Courrier du Canada,” and “ Caua- dien” are dailies ; and the 44 Journal,” 44 Ga¬ zette,” 44 Mercury” and 44 National” tri¬ weeklies. Bathing Saloon.— Messrs. Gosselin and Larue have established a saloon of this na¬ ture, in Palace-street, opposite Russell’s Hotel, which does them very great credit. I he ladies’and gentlemen’s drawing rooms and baths are most commodious, and the ar¬ rangements tor the supply of hot and cold water, cue, either, or both together, excel¬ lent. r lhere is, besides, a swimming bath. 1 he charge for admission is very moderate. Kvtrjr TABLE OF DISTANCES BY RAILWAY From Quebec to Montreal, ant vice versa. UP TRAIN. Tolai Miles Stations Quebec Point Levi Chaudiere June ion Chaudiere... Craig’s Road Black River. Methods Mills.... Becancour. Somerset.., Slanlold... Arthabaska Warwick.. Danville... Richmond., CHANGE CARS FOR PORT¬ LAND AND MONTREAL. Refreshments. down train. Total Miles Stations Montreal. Longueuil. St. Hilaire. St Hyacinthe.... Biitannia Mills... CJ| ton.’ A ( ton. Durham. 71 \ Richmo d. iange cars for port- land AND QUEBEC. Refi eshments. 106 Dui ham. 118 Acton. 124 Upton. 130 Britannia Mills.... 137 St Hyacinthe. 150 St Hilaire. 167 Longueil. 168 Montreal. ...*•••. Danville. Warwick.*’ Arthabaska... Stanfold.. Somerset. Becancour. Methot’s Mill. Black River. Craig’s R. ad. Chaudiere. Chaudiere Junction Point Levi. Quebec. if 10IB IBHVHIR©HSo There are, perhaps, l>ut few eities wliose vici¬ nity can boast so many natural objects of at¬ traction as Quebec. Those scenes which, from the commanding eminence of the city where f< Distance lends enchantment to the view” reveal themselves to the spectator invested with an ever varying beauty, lose none of their at¬ traction as we approach them, but display a combination of charms fresh from the lavish hand of nature. The quiet lakes whose placid waters are encircled by primeval forests,—the impetuous streams, rushing in a wild succes¬ sion of rapids from the mountains to the St. Lawrence—and the numerous cascades in their varied formsof sublimity and beauty atlbrd a rich 142 THE ENVIRONS. treat to the lover of nature and render a summer residence in Quebec exceedingly delightful. Many of the principal objects to which wo al¬ lude are within one or two hours ride from the city. The ruins of the French works to the south west of the citadel will well repay the trouble of inspection. They appear to have extended to the brow of the clitf which overhangs Dia¬ mond Harbour, considerably beyond the present limits of the citadel. The remains of the old wall which was carried along the edge of the rock, the ramparts and a magazine may be dis¬ tinctly traced by thoso who feel an interest in such relics. The cliff at the southern extremi¬ ty is of the same precipitous character as that at the north eastern point of the citadel, and must have presented an equally impregnable front, but that fortress, as it is at present con¬ structed, combines within its limits all the re* quisite features of such fortifications with tin' advantage arising from a less extended line of works. A good position is here afforded for inspecting tho exterior of the fortifications, which present from the glacis an appearance of combined strength and beauty, t >n this spot specimens may occasionally bo found of the quartz crystals which being mingled w ith the granite and slate of which the rock is compo¬ sed have obtained for it the name of Capo Dia- THE ENVIRONS, 143 mond. A wooden staircase afl'ords at L’Anse dex Mires a communication with the Lower Town, The St. Lewis and St. Foy roads, which leaving the city on the west run parallel to each other at but a short distance until they unite at Carouge, are the favorite drives in the vicinity. The St. Foy road, after emerging from St. John’s suburbs, commands a very beautiful view of the valley of the St. Charles bounded in the distance by the Bonhomme and Tsounonthouan mountains, the highest of the range within view from Quebec. As the sun sinks behind them, its declining rays heigh¬ ten the beauty of the landscape and in the clear frosty atmosphere of March surmount the dark and undulating outline of the mountains with a gorgeous splendour which sets the pencil of the artist at defiance. (e ——parting day Dies like the dolphin, whom each pang imbues With a new colour as it gasps away, The last still loveliest, till— ? tis gone—and all is gray.” But even the beautiful description of the poet fails to convey an adequate idea of the brilliant appearance of the heavens as they iS Melt to one vast Iris of the west, Where the day joins the past Eternity.” On the left of the road, two miles from the city, is Holland House, interesting not only from its 114 THE ENVIRONS. ha\ing been Hie head quarters of Montgomery in the siege ot 1775, but from some romantic incidents connected with the family from which w'T f " a,,a > the as,lw of of whom ave found a resting place in the rear of the b idding. Near St. boy church, about five erci'to lT'v T'v ar ,° , the romairis *i reiloubt i, L ™“ra«l, wliii'l, is enlivened in S loute by many detached houses of residence feS ri!,r . w'z"..' 1 "' r-"' ik ," a "■ ■■" »s Ifo expired, is denoted bv a small col . . the road' 0 ^' 0