o~
——
me OR le
=
ie < Er EE ST ee re
oui 4 wie Se
—-
a ee
A
PO
name of the eighteenth clafs in the Lins
nean fyitem ; comprehending thofe plants
which bear hermaphrodite flowers, with
three or more fets of united ftamens,
Se = —_ - => .
Wind a ea eS Faye
PoLYANDRIA (qoauc, and avyo a Aufband),
The name of the thirteenth clafs in the
Linnean fyftem comprehending thofe
-é 43
ee vee
plants which bear hermaphrodite flowers
SSS
with many ftamens (from twenty to a
iad
= y=— st
thoufand) growing fingle on the recep-
tacle. {he number of the ftamens dif-
=
St tine
— ‘Crr = oe ~”-
tinguifhes this from the firft eleven clafles;
their fituation (on the receptacle) feparates
it from the twelfth clafs, Icofandria: and
their fimplicity avoids all contufion with
rey
'
7
pri
th 7
wa
Le
3 | :
-
5
sine
r t
hy
?
iy
onan 3
Thi 7
oy
i
sty
1 eer
ie in -
hal y
: ¥
~~
‘7
i =
eo “ :
j ‘
¥ :
- @
ite |
: ‘
te »)
Ate
«ve r -
' ¥
7 Bite
Uh
y
“~L .
a hth
oT
'
“
,
hy Wha
rhe ~ Y
? lw ¢.
: -
7 .
4
the fixteenth and eighteenth cla fles—Moz-
adelphia and Polyadelpbia.
PotycotyLepones Planta, Plants which
have more than two cotyledons or lobes
to the feed; as Pinus, Cupreffus, Linum.
POLYGAMA (odus and yayoc, feveral
marriages) Planta. A Polygamous plant
is that which has hermaphrodite, and
either male or female flowers, or both.
Poiy-
“= ee
“we, oe
Pay
une
J ae . = ‘ - ces ~ — . a s
> = 2 eal - - — . cE 7 r = PP =
osc: eS OO oy oo a - : é
ee a aageigdaantinals on Lae yale 4 7 CS 5 or.) whe eee ~ The
yp ee es = T ES es pp * ease. he a 4
== — — ~ ac = od =
és ae ras ae swe =. aan
- ; —— Fe tow 5
, > Lh . bid ©
¥ - ¥ 7 . a ——
_ f+
PO
PoLyGAMIA. Lhe name of'the twenty-
third clafs in the Linnean {fyitem ; com-
prehending’ thofe plants which bear her-
maphrodite. flowers, accompanied with
male or female flowers, or both; not in-
clofed within the fame common calyx,
but fcattered either on the fame plant, of
on two, or on three diftinét individuals.
Whence the three Orders of this clafgs—
1. Monecia. 2. Diecia. 3. Triecia.
Some modern reformers have entirely
difcarded this Clafs, and thus have fim-
plified the Linnean arrangement, and
rendered it more eafy to beginners; but
they have at the fame time wholly muti-
-Tated it, confidered as a fexual fyftem.
We may go on reforming till we reduce
it to the fimplicity of Rivinus’s fyftem;
when 1t will acquire great facility, and
at the fame time become good for no-
thing.
oe “3, o
FH
&
—, — - —_
_ au > « ‘ ~—.: . - .
———S - — > — re ewe _ a : ay are ee ain Se z : ’ — : : = . “ .
os — Fe ’ P: 4 epee ped “5 ar" a > » Y- ae ee ee egg le gd > +5 - tet nO ~~ E
(S27 2S ~ es Es < " “A Bos =z —— . en ; . : > a ~ a ; ; : :
~- ‘ eS ty Pine ee Se a = a4e ak Ss “< = . ; 4 =e
ey zy _— Se a Tt ear sy ~~ 7r < . . or = : - “ - -¥ ee ;
_—— —-—a + — ; — 1 ™ ~4 ~ ~ ‘. 4 — > - Lo _ ~ - -_—- — ae — - = a a — SS . 7 = -- ——t- se = =|
ss P ee ve 7 oe - “ a oS a on ne ‘ " —_ i ‘ S . © - - ee eat : .
- ee A ree ee - oe rE ee : = 6 5 nts > a the - <8 Pi she "= a < : = po & - . —
= 2 = es ——— vanes 5, ‘ ~s z eget 5 ee ee : y 5 me — - => sy — a — 2 gor <2 “= ——— ote, Ke +i = :
eo mr ay: r ne MS ae f ges? . > : < aa tee PS Y qe OE, 2 ER, Sa a ce iz < » =e + ~ >.> = 3 fy ee Ewe 5 het “ #3 eos. Se .- ,
~ A, ~A<-—*-3° iw z = OF Ss ne - - San oe “tl 234 =: —%* = ae oS : . = - rs . ee aS < ss —e- 2. 2 : =. < ad : ‘ "
=— _ . 2 - C” .. - “
This term Polygamia or Polygamy, as
applied to a compound flower, in’ the
orders of the clafs Syngene/ia, fignifies that
feveral diftinct flowers (called Florets ) are
included
>
4 A,
~ - —— = —_ a
;
\
PO
included in one common calyx. Thefe
may be all hermaphrodite, as in the firft
order; or hermaphrodites with female
flowers -as. in’ the fecond, third, and
fourth.
ca oo a. ata Sat ens = ba 2 = : = =
48 =~ a. ; 4 * a : -~n 5
bear ~—, >a = at. ~t™ 3 r 3
a PE - ne ATS : Se. ; —- :
a ‘7 r rx = | ; 4 : y
SN EE SES ey Satin le SR a i ee Se a ee /
- ? . ; wa
~~ . —s om
PotyGconws caulis. A many-angled fiem.
so
a
—
”
Having feveral (more than fix) prominent
longitudinal angles. Delin. P/.—But. in
Philof. Bot. it is a {pecies of Anceps. Mul-
tangularis is explained in Delin. P/. to be
—excavated longitudinally by feveral hol-
- a
—_— SS -——-
= = *- 7
ag mee — aie nah a
Oe
a re" :
. . 7 7” , 4
lowangles. According to this explanation,
therefore, the former term refers to the
angles in.cameo, the fecond to thofe-in
intaglio.—But in Philof. Bot. the. Mul-
tangular {tem is faid to haye feveral pro-
minent angles,
et a
> ee meee
$ bb
~™
|
perl
vey
fa
- ry
mn ts johee
2 - aI
Pat
44 ‘
-
pat
Ft S
}
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i}
ett’)
‘
-
rn)
—_
£
POLYGYNIA (zodue, and yurn a wife). Fhe
name of one of the orders, in the fifth.
fixth, twelfth and thirteenth clafles of the
Linnean fyftem; comprehending thot
Sy Oe ee
BP AD
oy ae -
4 os
Ame 2 rm z + i
se ¢ ae a. is aa A Zee ~
= >> oo eee soe ae aes. ee ;
papentinenten pat REY cer. > Pe Coan f ; ;
re ee ~ a ne a —_—? = ;
~~ z > 2 = ae eS ae =
; : me ‘s =<5 3.
a age a aa —_—
a - oe. fe) . ea
~ ry .- : ve a “ .
‘ * . . ~ .
‘ ‘ - --
QS ee
plants which have flowers with many
piftils,
PoLYPETALA corolla. ————— = -
. = = = = , —
=< s = EE an LSet , Sere - = - - — — - es ~ — =—.
' ~ = on = = up ee ee i. = oS = =
ar 4 oP -$- ¥ > ram eS a >)
eee eae ees ae > - —- - . -
f ee aa Siig tts = a or aoe = oe al _
_
.
|
|
|
|
i
}
Mt
- Se
= I TE or aa
p= > — - - “ ~
s > J o Ss = —
r; ts :
~~ oF ~ * 7 _-~
ee
SS ater
- ~
eZ 2s =
aaa betel 2 a pea Ca ot
Sf nti Sa nT Linge Den tp hr pmo patho wan, agian
~ “ i .
cin “ae 4
:
~ a 5255 Pe
Se. = ee ae Fe
Se > Se + TET Sh
Set mee a ee es
aS ee
oro
_- ss + a s* ae * _< a Ow FJ 4
+ se ma 2 —— ° * = eS sal 4 ——
= 4 > se *- ng > - ~aetin, “ay ns ~
é& ro 4 aati —
f . —~ Yo Ge - -~2 s re oe ine ca!
wea, + Se Se
{ee
t= ar
Sas pe see
petigart re.
hae te be
Feet Pe em
-~ .
“ Se
;
pare
Se
=
3 vie
eS
ae -
Sr Se os
a ee
a>
PE Te:
--
Sas
eee
- — =.
= Se
ae
ge a 2
es
———oe
Fe eee
=
a
ee Ss
Spwiny - ~ 2
= : “2 ew es < , > -
: a eg ek fol . - ot . = ae
- = : 7 - Sy . > as >a . L p~emw ey 7 - ee
2 S > = . 9 : :
mak ~ > a, aa > ee ee ’ - ~~ - 4 — 2 Ad na. — bs ~ = ee x
= 5, op r. 2 = x > se «SS ree So 2 = : - SS ee Se ae =
= -- ~ - < r
a 2 = = Beetles eat ae 7 nal
- ~ me —y wathte hs oe wt, 25 Pte
— Ss Se, = « - 2.5 =) A
<. Se
Ne SP een ee ae ye a
25 IP RSP RRO ES PEE IE ALC ERS =>,
<_ « . S _ _ - . a ; i : 7 3 “4 z
s < . : 2 - zx -
x Xe
a eS
* NM et ee” Seta =
~ = 7
a x. = 4 * s. ¢
seas at.
prs
<< hee
- Le
Po
Linneus ufes this term in oppofition to 4
monopetalous corolla; that is, confifting
of one petal only. By former writers it
was commonly put for a flower of more
than fix petals; and Linneus ufes the
terms monopeiala, dipetala, &c.
PoLypHyiius. Many-leaved. Applied to
the calyx, perianth, involucre, and cirrus
or tendril; in oppofition to monophyllus,
one-leafed.—Here alfo Linneus ufes di-
phyllus, triphyllus, &c.
POLYSPERMA capfula—bacca. A mariy-
feeded capfule or berry: containing {e-
veral feeds.
Potystacuyus culms. A culm bearing
feveral fpikes. As in Scirpus lacuftris,
holofchenus, and /etaceus.
Pomacem. The nameof the thirty-feventh
order in Linneus’s Fragments; and of
the thirty-fixth in his Natural Orders.
Comprehending fuch plants as bear a
Pome, or fruit refembling the apple.
PomuM.
PO
PR
Pomum. APome. Pericarpinm Jaréium
evalve, capfulam continens. A pulpy peri-
carp without valves, containing a capfule.
—It includes all the moift fruits which
have the feeds lodged ina core; as Apple,
Pear, Quince, &c.
PM ea8 SOS: ~~ -- ie
5 >
~
1; SS 2 ac
are a ee °
— adele 4 — ~~
_.
>
oe
ie oe ee ee es a 2
Pouch. See Silicula.
a
otumiah 7s SS
pene Sa Ts a
-= 4 ean Soe ee wee. as ot
Przmorsus. Bitten oft. Premor/a radix;
not tapering, but ending blunt, and thus
appearing as if it were bitten off thort at
the end, as in Scabiofa, Plautago, Va-
leriana. Premorfum folium : ending very
obtufely, with unequal notches,—Pp,c-
mor [a corolla: asin Althea.
-
Sei
2S ee
ees "
a a lena a oe 2 yeh aa
ales. 5 Stowe Bree hae a ane pe = Ee ee =i
srt 7? a r ee + ‘
ee
-
Precis. Early ripe.” The name of an
early fort of Grape in Virgil. The fifty-
firft order in Linneus’s Fragments; and
the twenty-firft in his Natural Orders:
comprehending fuch plants as flower early
in the {pring.
~~ = ° ~ + - 7 < ne” “ ,
> eee —— ro 7 ’ ~— ee ae ~ « - 2 , *~4 > Pst
~ : in, eae ase. = eg es Fal 9 ee i ~~ - = =. dine . “> : far; A > Ao 2 = >: = : 4 -
— ‘ ee See a "2: ae —_ > — ae sar Sac om Sere = a = ce :
- a - PY -/ “od oe | So =| ~ = _ . -- 4
PS EAS ae ~ ey oz ag — 2 5 er :
Sethe eee . oe 7 rveean ) * ae oe
- e . ~< ~4 ; > - Pu
. ; ; “ as — 08 ee e ~E 5
Q . :
4 —
ee ee
mem 6 fy
Jee te Se
se Fei
tate — fi sow ~ -
eS ee
"Se + ve
XT. Sa
Aye ee
“+ SS
a
oo a a
ie es
serieiedy aon
Spt
—
PRICKLE. Aculeus, A fharp procefs from a at
plant, fixed into the bark only: as in | i Ha
Kofe, Bramble, Goofeberry, and Barberry.
This
— + “ -_
Se = - rs
OS ee he ee
—- aa a 7 :
2-98
nn ——.
—— : ~ — - —
< “ -
——
oP CATE = ae
=
———
. t
:
ayy)
i op
i)
Ms
i
wat
~~. .-
ae eon
zz Set:
ee en ee.
airs —* aA
2a
—_
oe
whem 4!
ree. — a.
ar St gee
om,
Z : 3 Zs
>
=
he
ange
—
. Le Se
SS Se
pet Me >. ~
Sai Fo
2 en ee a
—— 2 SRS
— in
ba“
~ Tt RE 9 ; ug .
tt ote K
--»
=
Met te tere 2A. OT
~~ i 2 C- we-
Me a * P- —
2 A ¢
7
eke oF aoe,
*
‘ 5
a ae Se
RR
aE ae
>
-
4 X
This and the Thorn are called Arma by
Linneus, and
Fulcres.
are enumerated among the
Prickles are
or bent back, returvii—When divided,
they take the name
forked prickles; and
bent in, gzcurvi;
{traight
of Furce, forks or
are called bifid, tri-
fid, &c. from the number of divifions.
PrickLy. Aculeaius. Armed with prickles,
Applied to the ftem, ftipe, leaf, petiole,
and perianth.
PRISMATICUS calyx.
.
Prifmaticum fligma—
pericarpium. A prifmatic or prif{m-fhaped
calyx or perianth —ftigma— pericarp.
Cum lineare polyedriim /:t, lateribus planis.
Linear, or of the fame thicknefs from top
to bottom with feveral flat fides,
PROCUMBENS caulis. A procumbenit ftem.
Horizontaliter fupra terram. Philof. Bot.
Delin. Pl.— Unable
to fupport itfelf, and therfore lying upon
the ground—but without putting forth
roots. See Repens.—z he procumbent,
Debilis terre innitens.
trailing,
LEP. ee Bea tho ar OF
PR
trailing, or proftrate {tem, as it is fome-
times called, is exemplified in Convol-
vulus Soldanella.
PROLIFER caulis. A proliferous ftem. Ex-
apicis centro tantum emittens ramos. Put-
ting forth branches only from the centre
of the top: as in Pimus.—Prolifer flos, A
proliferous flower—E centro floris alium
protrudens.—Cum intra florem (fepius
plenum) alii flores enafcuntur. Waving
{maller flowers growing out of the prin-
cipal one: as in Childing Daify.—Pro-
lifera umbella. A proliferous umbel.
Plufquam decompofita. Every compound
umbel is twice divided. In a proliferous
umbel, the umbellule is fubdivided.
PROMINENS diffepimentum. » A’ prominent
partition, in a filiqua. Standing out be-
yond the valves.—Prominens faux. A
prominent throat or opening in the tube
of acorolla: as in Cyclamen.
Prominulum diffepimentum. A partition fome-
what or but a little prominent.
: See PRONUS
> P \e-<" ’
: E
“ 4
: 2 ; : ee ee ee —— :
A - aa noe - — m
SES > = iwtanas Lae Pa eee >: Por = : :: 3.
x 5 - : 3 cee +" tae
~ a . —”, :
a
a” oa
Sere
ee ee
em
= etre Sate.
J
a
:
- 4 - - all
Pe x . xy
Ee OR ee,
Pi a ee a
a $52
maar
-- —— 7.
ee ee
i te Sw
r
ste
ame, |
ee ewes
>
Dire Aimee diel
OS eT
P
aoa!
,
u
Pronvus aifcus {. inferior pagina folit. The
lower fide, or furface, or back of a leaf.
Prop. See Fulcrum,
Propaco. Semen Mufci decorticatum, de-
fecium 1750. A peculiar name given by
Linneus to what he took for the feeds of
Mofles; becaufe he fuppofed them to differ
from other feeds in having a naked corcle
or heart, without cotyledons; a difcovery
which he made in 1750. But they arc
now known to be the dutt of the capfule,
which Linneus miftook for the Anther.
Proprium receptaculum. A Proper or pe-
culiar receptacle. Quod partes units tan-
tum fructificationis refpicit. That which
re{pects the parts of a fingle frudtifica-
_tion: in oppofition to a Common recep-
tacle, connecting feveral florets, as in the
Aggregate flowers.—Proprium Perian-
thinm—Inveolcurum.. A Proper perianth,
or involucre: refpedtidig one flower only.
As in fimple flowers. . Aggregate flowers
have ufually both a calyx common to the
whole, and a perianth proper “to each
i t'
"
aay
va
s 4 %
floret.—Proprius flos—Propria corolla.
———
ose
A Proper
Sa merge
3
=< ~~ ——
P34 7-1 a
PR PU
A Proper flower or corolla. One of the
fingle florets or corollets in aggregate
flowers: in oppofition to the common
or compound flower, confifting of the
aggregate of florets, mnaking one whole:
—Proprium. Necfarium. A proper, pe-
culiar or diftin@ neétary. Separate from
the petals and other parts of the flower.
Tew
. Fi owes
_——s ek es ate = 2S eee
en agen ie Sm SS _— >> sae -
Profiratus. See Procumbens.
a a or ne >
a
=e os
—h- Sting ~~
ake 2 a ws .
Protruded. See Exfertus.
Pupes. Pubefcence. Hirfuties ormmis in
planta. Delin. Pl.—veftiens villofitate. All
hairinefs, or fhagginefs in a plant; or
whatever clothes it with any hairy or vil-
lous fubftance. Linneus’s original word
was Pubefcentia, and he explained it to
mean the armour of a plant, by wHich it
is defended from external injuties: thus
comprehending Thorns and Prickles un-
der the idea of Pubefcence. Thefe how-
ever he afterwards feparated, and called
them with more propriety Arma—The
following are the different forms of Pu-
befcence.
ni
he >
} .
} t
> pe
f ‘
hy
-
ty]
ot ta
PP he
“lk
ea!
ok
Ph
'
}
2
HS ey > > 2s
2 AZ ,
- P. ws - =
me - See Te ee aes ate leek =
%¥2 a ; ; re ees.
Sb ae eT el a ear er a a
eae e ae teow’ rar ne “ 5 - a —-* a
« hit it~ a - \ - u ~ «
i ee
Fis = wr
* fa~e-<, =
Iesd =:
Aste
Aone
~~
ee Ad ole
“en
ais tail sie tl
tl Cay pee nil _
a —5 >
- Ps.
Set oe ethane Le
= a
pn ae os eat = = es
=. im - = —~ Ss ~~
6. Seta. Briftles. Stiffith round:h hairs.
Re i. ly mt be
- <= ad -
Se a eee “3 4
. ay on.4 a - ee,
4. Hami. Hooks. Sharp crookel points.
Sess
ss
hee Zoos en ent ai
a 2
~_
8. Glochides. Barbs. Straight toothed
points.
aes 7
3 2 ee Fo Hy ae 5 SS Saree an ee az =e
8 Se
nae Daeg ee ee
9. Glandule. Giands. Small fapille or
teats, or excretory ducts in tkat form.
- - x >
>
Glands feem to be improperly enume-
rated as a fpecies of pubefcence.
ee Pupescens. Pubefcent. Covered with
Pa one of the foregoing forts of pultefcence.
Applied to the ftem, leaf, cordla, and
ftyle.
PuLposum folium. A pulpy lee, filled
with a tenacious fubftance betveen the
two
|
PU QUA
two furfaces.—Linneus did not originally
diftnguifh this from Carnofim, which has
a firmer pulp,
Puncaep leaf. See Perforatum and Per-
tufim.
PunctatuM. Dotted leaf. See Perforatum.
Puncens. Pungent, fharp or prickly.
PuTAMEN. The fhell of a nut and other
fruits allied to it.—Hence
Purauinex. The name of the thirty-firft
Order in Linneus’s Fragments, and of the
twenty-fifth in his Natural Orders.
Q
QuADRANGUL ARIS caulis. Quadran-
gulare folium. A Quadrangular ftem or
leaf. Having four prominent angles.
X 3 QuADRI-
catenin
=~
to os
<=
= ~
et ahem
5 ae
= ar
os "at," 4%
~~
SS. ee
— i 2
=
ees ee, De
». — rr
- ” = — a. we
tet Be
So 9s iy eae ane
SPD Le
- =
~_-a> Say ee ol . ~s - i ae — - ‘
Pitman de ae ~ 5 eae ee eee woe eo
StS ete Se SS San ee Br ng te ee Ss
SS ee ae ae ee eee eee a ee,
esis. ~P.. 7 4 - —- —a
ote = —
=ty <
——
i ae a rede oe gi de ee
. — a ate ail . :
+}
,
5
abe
Ww
«
mi)
M3
v
nee tae ee
fan fate
*.2
ee
er
=<
= Fe 2 Ge “PR LHS
> — Se PO ea ‘ a ee or et
QUA
QUADRICAPSULARE pericarpium. A Qua-
dricapfular pericap. Having four capfules
to a flower: as in Rhodiola.
QUADRIDENTATUS pappus. A four-toothed
Seed-Down. Having four teeth on the
edge. As in Rudbeckia.
@uapRiripus calyx. A four-cleft peri-
anth: as in Rhinanthus.—Quadrifidum
folium. = te. Se oe ~
Se Se Si Gig = ee a
Quinatum folum. A {foft of Digitate leaf,
which has five leaflets on a petiole.
QuINQUANGULARE /folium. A five-cor-
nered leaf. Having five prominent angles
about the difk.—Quinguangularis caulis,
A five-cornered ftem.
QUINQUECAPSULARE fpericarpium. Hav-
ing five capfules to a flower: as in Aqui-
/ ex id.
QuineveripuM /folium., A quinquefid or
five cleft leaf. Cut into five fegments,
with linear finufes, and ftraight margins.
Applied to the corolla—and to the peri-
anth, in Nicotiana.
X 4 QuUIN-
‘
:
’
,
'
:
-
iy
sa
i.
he
in
: A
-
(ia
:
are
\
n',
if:
hg
iia
i’
ff
\)
;
it
a
:
ig
)
ha:
te
it:
¢ 4
Seen
— ee
= o--~- A _— 2
a < x ‘ee
- =
ee
> baad 3 i
vA. ="5 - “srs x a a “
= Ss <5 = —+ ~
eT —.
ag eng eee.
" eel:
7 = —
=— =
et nt dd ae ah
a -.
J * oe ~
rer So:
-
5
~
SS a
i)
wee ae
oe
— ———
~
>.>. as =
me: : SS
et RRR INE LI EA . :
- ™ >
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when -it is naked or deprived of the
florets. Dr. Withering calls it the Spike-
ftalk.
This term is alfo fometimes ufed for
the principal rib of a leaf.
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RapiavTa (Radius,a ray) corolla. Radiatus
Ti. PB Radiate or Rayed corolla or
flower.—A kind of compound flower,
(in the clafs Syngenefia) confifting of a
difk, in which the corollets or florets are
tubular and regular; and of a ray, in
which the florets are irregular. Thefe
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they alfo are tubular, but irregular; as
in Centaurea, - And fometimes they are
naked, or nearly fo: as in Artemifia,
Guaphalium.
Radiato-Patens. JRadiate expanding: or,
{preading out like rays. . Applied to the
ftigma.
Rapicaris pedunculus. A root-peduncle ;
{carcely different from fcape, but fuftain-
ing only one flower. See Scapus, Radi-
COk
RA
cale folium. A root-leaf. Proceeding
immediately from the root.
Rapicans caulis. A Rooting ftem. Altis
fe offigens radiculis lateralibus.—Radicans
folium, Si folum radices agat. See
Rooting.
Rapicatum folium. A rooted leaf. Radi-
culas demittens e fubftantia ipfius folit.—
Radicatus feapus; a rooted {cape, as in
Dro/fera.
Radicula (dimin. from Radix, a root), a
Radicle or Fibre. The fibrofe part of the
root, by which the {tock or main body of
it is terminated; imbibing nourifhment
for the fupport of the vegetable.
Rapius. A Ray. Pars exterior corolla
compofite.
Rapix (from Radius, according to fome;
from rado, as others will have it; but
more probably from the Greek eadé,
which however fignifies a branch). A/i-
mentum hauriens, herbamgue cum fructi-
Jicatione producens. Philof: Bot.—Organon
nutriens
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nutriens plantam. Delin. Pl.—~-Defcendeus,
agquofa forbens, nutriens. Regn, Veg.—
See Root.
Ragged. See Squarrofus.
RAMENTUM (a radendo, q. rafura). A
{mall particle of any thing; as gold-duft,
faw-duft, or little chips, &c. Applied by
Linneus to the {mall loofe fcales that are
frequently found on the ftems of vege-
tables.
Ramewum folium. Rameus pedunculus. A
branch-leaf. A branch-peduncle. Grow-
ing on, or proceeding froma branch. In
oppofition to fuch as proceed from the
root, or axils, or grow on the ftem it-
felf.
RAmosus caulis. Ramofa radix. A branched
ftem, or root. Having lateral divifions,
Ramofiffimus. Very much branched. Ra-
mis multis ab/que ordine gravidus.
Ramus. A Branch. Pars caulis. A fub-
divifion of the ftem.
Ramulus.
—— - -- —
mee. LE
Ramulus. A branchiet, little branch, or
twig. A fubdivifion of the branch.
Ray. Radius. The outer part or circum-
ference of a compound radiate flower;
or radiated difcous flower, as it is called
by others.
Rayed. See Radiata.
RECEPTACULUM (Recipio, to receive). A
Receptacle.—Bafis qua partes fruétifica-
tionis connectuntur. The bate by which
the other parts of the fructification are
connected.—By Boerhaave named P/s-
centa; and by Vaillant Thalamus.
1. Proprium. A proper or peculiar recep-
tacle: appertaining to one fru@ification
only. Commune. A Common receptacle:
connecting feveral florets or diftin@ fruc-
tifications, fo that if any one of them be
removed an irregularity is occafioned.—
There are inftances of this in the Umbel,
Cyme, Spadix and Rachis, as well as in
the Compound flowers.
2. Recept. Frutificationis. The. Receptacle
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the, Floris. Receptacle of the flower. The bafe
i to which the parts of the flower, exclufive
of the germ, are fixed.
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he Fructus. Receptacle of the fruit. The bafe
‘ Li of the fruit only, remote from the recep-
tacle of the flower.
Seminum. Receptacle of the feeds. The
bafe to which the feeds are fixed: as in
Adonis.
3. The Receptacle may be, Nudum. Naked.
Without chafts, hairs or briftles. Puscta+
tum. Dotted.—Pilofum. Hairy.—Setofum.
Briftly.—Paleaceum. .Chaffy.— Alveola-
tum {. favofum. Woney-combed; divided
into open cells, within: each of which a
fingle feed is lodged.
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Planum. Flat.—Convexum. Convex.—
Subulatum. Subulate or awl-fhaped.—
Ovatum, Ovate.—Giobofum. Globular.—
Conicum. Conical.
S237 *
REcuIi-
RE |
RECLINATUM jfouum. # reclined: leaf.
Quod deorfum curvatur, ut apex fiat baft
inferior; quibufdam etiam Reflexum di-
citur. Philof. Bot.—Deorfum flexum; ut
arcus fit bafi inferior, apice adfcendente.
Delin. Pl. Bent downwards, fo. that the
point of the leaf is lower than the bate.
The latter explanation feems very differ-
ent; if Il underftand it rightly, as meaning
that the bow is loweft at the bafe, and
rifes at the point. In Foliation, this term
implies, that the leaves are bent down-
wards towards the petiole: as in Podo-
phyllum, Aconitum, Anemone, Adoxa.
-Reclinatus caulis. A reclined {ftem. Bowed
towards the eatth: as in Ficus.
Rectrus: cau/jis. . A {traicht {ftem.. § See
Straight.
Recurvatum Jolium. A recurved leaf.
Deorfum fiexum, ut arcus Juperiora fpectet.
Delin. . Pl.— Bent, or rather bowed or
curved downwards, fo that the bow or
convexity is upwards. . This term does
not occur in Pdhilof;. Bot.—Berkenhout
explains
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explains it, but 1 know not on what au-
thority-—‘‘ bent downward in a greater
* degree than reclinatum, but not fo much
‘as revolutum.
When applied to a Prickle, it is faid
only to be bent outwards; in oppofition
to zmcurvus, bent in.—In the fame fenfe
it is applied to the Awn, Petiole, Calyx,
and Corolla.
Rervexus. Reflex. Bent back. Ramire-
flexi. Perpendiculariter dependentes. De-
lin. Pl.— Hanging down perpendicularly.
—Reflexum folium. Areflex leaf: asin
Euphorbia portlandica. — Reflexum peri-
anthium. A reflex perianth: asin A/cle-
pilas and Leontodon.—Reflexus flos. Re-
flexa corolla. Reflexa petala. A reflex
flower, corolla, or petals: as in Lifum
chalcedonicum, Cyclamen, Narciffus tri-
andrus, &c.—Applied alfo to the ftipule
and bracte.—See Retroflexus.
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Rerracrus. Refracted. As it were bro-
ken.—Refracta corolla. Recurvata angulo
acuto. Delin. Pl. Bent back at an acute
angle. See Retrofractus.
Recu-
ee en ae a
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Recuraris conl/la. A regular corolla.—
Aiquals figura, magnitudine propor-
tione partium, Equal in the figure, fize
and proportioa of the parts? asin Privet,
Lilac, Ja/min, &c.
Remotrus. Remote. Diftant.—Remota
folia: oppofed to approximata.—Remoti
pedunculi oppofed to conferti. — Remoti
verticill: oppoled to contizut, as in Gale-
opfis Ladanum
RENIFORME folam... A Renitorm.or Kid-
ney-fhaped leat.— Subrotundum, bafi exca-
vatum, angults deftitutum. Philof. Bot—
Subrotundum, bafi exfculptum abfque an-
gulis pofticis. Delin. Pl.—Roundith, hol-
lowed out at tie bafe, without angles: as
in Convolvulus Soldanella, the lower leaves
of Campanula rotundifolia, Saxifraga gra-
siudata, Glecoms hederacea.—This term. is
applied alfo tothe anther and Seed.
Rerpanpum foliim. A Repand leaf.—
Cujus margo angulis, eifque interjectis finu-
bus, circuli fegmento i/criptis terminatur.
The rim of which is terminated by angles,
having
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hwing finufes between them infcribed in
tle ferment of a circle.—In Delin. Pl. it
is differently defcribed margine. flexuo/o,
romen plano: with a flexuofe or waving
rim, but flat. Properly fpeaking, fays
[r. Berkenhout, having a ferpentine mar-
en, without any angles atall. But this
by no means agrees with the firft expla-
mtion from Linneuss Péhilofophia Bo-
tinica.—It is clearly diftinct from the
Undulating or waving leaf; for the cur-
viture in that refpects the difk; but in
this, the edge only.
Rerens radix. A creeping root.—Longe
eccurrens hinc ide germinans, {. radiculas
d-mittens.—Repens .caulis: radiculas hinc
inde exferens procumbendo; ut in Hedera,
Lignonia.
Repans flagellum. A runner. As in Straw-
brry. See Creeping and Runner.
Resopinata corolla. Cum labium fiuperius
trram, inferius calum /pectat. When
the upper lip faces the ground, and the
lower lip the tky.. Or, when that which
1S
RE
is ufually the upper lip (in a labizte co=
rolla) becomes the lower; and the con-
trary: fo that the flower is, as it were,
turned upfide down; or, in vulger lan-
guage, topfy-turvy, This is exemplified
in Scrophularia; Ocymum, Ajuga orimtalis,
the European Violets, and fome {pecies of
Satyrium.
Refupinatum folium. Pagina fuperire in-
Seriore, & contra. inferiore Superiore facta.
A leat is faid .to be Refupinaté or turne
upfide down, when that which is com-
monly the upper furface becomes the
lower; and the contrary,
Retreorara (dimin. from #efé, a net), co-
rolla, petala, A netted corolla. Netted
petals. Having diftin@ veins crofling
like net-work. —Beautifully exemplified
in Geranium JSiriatum.
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ReETROFLEXUs. Retroflex. —Rami retro-
flexi: -horfum vorfum divaricati. Bending
this way and that, in different eeRiens
ufually ma diftorted manner. _ Taus it
feems to differ from Reflex, which ‘s only
Y 2 ‘imply
RE
fimply bent back at an angle. Dr. Ber-
kenhout explains it to be three times
bent, or bent in three different directions.
But for this I know not 'that he has any
warrant, either from the fenfe of the term,
or the explanation. It does not occur in
Philofophia Botanica.
Rerrorracrus. Retrofracted. Applied
to the Peduncle—Vi quafi ad dependen-
tiam redactus. WDelin. Pl.—Reduced to
hang down as it were by force. So that
it appears as if it had been broken.—
I do not difcover any reafon- why this
and the foregoing term fhould have a
different fignification from Igfexus and
Refractus.
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Rerusum /folium. A Retufe leaf. Quod
terminatur finu obtu/o. Ending ina blunt
finus: as in Frankenia pulverulenta, Cro-
talaria retufa.—Applicd alfo to the feed
in Lycopus.
Se ye Ome
Revo.turus. Rolled back or downwards.
—Revoluta vernatio {. foliatio. Revolute
foliation or leafing. Quorum margines
+
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laterales utringue retrorfum, {. verfus pa
ginam inferiorem —fpiraliter convolvunter.
When the fides of the leaves (in the bud)
are rolled fpirally back, or towards the
lower furface.—Revolutum folium. ARe-
volute leaf. Quod deorfum revolvitur.—
Having the edges rolled back or. towards
the lower furface: as in Rofemary, Teu-
crium friuticans.—Revolutus cirrus. A
Revolute tendril. Sira dimidio itinere re-
forta. When a fpire of the ferew, having
made half a revolution, turns back in a
contrary direction.—Revoluta corolla. A
revolute corolla: having the petals rolled
back, as in A/paragus, Medeola, Lilium
chalcedonicum.—Revoluta valvula. A Re-
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wards.
3 Rugapes f. Rugapex (from Rbheas,
Corn Poppy). The name of the thirtieth
order in Linneus’s Fragments, and of the
twenty-feventh in bis Natural Orders ;
containing vegetables allied to the Poppy.
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RHOMBEUM folium. A Rhombed or rhomb-
fhaped leaf. Having four equal fides, but
the angles not nght angles: as in’ Pop/ar.
Linneus has not this term in his PAj/o-
Sophia Botanica; but his Deltoid leaf feems
fcarcely to differ from it.
RuomBoripeum folium. A Rhomboid leaf.
Having the oppolite fides equal, and the
angles not right ones: as in Chenopodium
viride. Vhis alfo feems included in the
Deltoid leaf of Phil/? Botan.
Ris. Cofi2. The continuation of the pe-
tiole along the middle of a leaf, and from
which the veins take their rife.
Ribbed. Coflatum: which fee.
Ricrus. The Gape. Hvatus inter utrum@ue
labium. The opening between the two
lips in a labiate flower,
Ricipus. Rigid, ftiff, inflexible, impatient
of bending: oppofed to /axus. Applied
to the item, leaves and briftles.~-The
{tem is called Rigofus in Glinus diGtam-
uoides. las this term the fame meaning
with
1
RI
with the other? But rigo/us fhould. be
derived from Rigo, not trom ‘Rize.
Rimosvus. Rimofe orChinked. Abounding
in cracks, clefts, or chinks; as the outer
bark of fome trees,
RinGeNSs (from pivec, mares, the noftrils,
whence ridius) coro/la. A rmngent corella.
Irregularis in duo labia perfonata.— Mono-
petala irreguloris, & limbo drufo in duo
labia. Philof. Bot. pl. 52; 13
—
An ir-
: ~-
vr
regular one-petalled corolla, the border of
which is ufually divided into two parts,
called the upper and dower lip. The firft
has fumetimes the name of Galea or Hz/-
met: the fecond of Barba or Beard. The
opening between them is named Riéfus
or the Gape: the opening of the tube,
Faux, the Throat or Jaws: the prominent
{welling in the Faux is Palatum, the Pa-
ate: the upper part of the tube is Co//iam,
the Neck. The Ringent corolla is e¢x-
emplified in the clafs Didynamia.—Sce
Labiatus.
Ristnoe leaf or petiole. See 4’ urgens.
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Rolled back. See Revolutus.
Roor. Radix. That organ of a vegetable
which draws in the nourifhment, and
produces the herb with the fru@ification.
—It is compofed of Medulla or Pith,
Wood, inner and outer Bark: and con-
fifts of the Caudex, ftock or main body ;
and the Radiculé or fibres, by which the
moifture is immediately imbibed. We
commonly regard all that part of a vege-
table only which is under ground as
the Root; but Linneus comprehends the
_afcending caudex, or what we commonly
term the body, trunk or bole, within his
idea. According to him, therefore, trees
and fhrubs are all root, except the leaves
and fructification; and confequently if
a tree be turned upfide down, the de-
{cending caudex will produce leaves, and
the afcending caudex will put forth
fibres.
A Root in Duration is,
¥. Annual, 2. Biennial. 3. Perennial,
In
— as ed .
- — c y .
* - - - : ss — ~~ - — > - rr. ee ind 5 _> = ———
~ ~ - a ee —_ -" 4 = p-. — +4 a _ - _ es .
— joes a on A Pepe aD <> at Ps as oy = a - o£ >. - —- =e - — -
ms oe od $ B , ag > 1 ~. = Ss LS ee es a Ys Ae ¢ - - a = : 3
= =~ ts Px Fee Xe ee ee 2s rs aes > a 2 <3 was ne a , a my :
“ “ . Fa SO.
= a 2 w , J 2S ~ = s af er 7 . - = P ,
v? - ‘an ‘ =o e = ae - —_& -. - = —- SS oie ~~ eu a . ., owas © ie ——
a - = — ~ Ae tomer > — aA _ ay ~ = = - ~ —- - or
-S ee ~ * > _s =s " 7
~ pecs sea
~ ~ San a ee
St a ee y per —
= Peel =~}
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awe ——
R.O
trom the leaves on the {tem and branches:
as in Campanula rotundifolia.—Peduncles
jometimes {pring from the root, and may
be named Root-peduncles.
Root et, Radicle, or Fibre. See Radiculs.
Root-leaf and Rootlet are more proper
in Englith than Radical leaf and Radicle,
on account of the analogy.
Rosacea corolla. A Rofaceous or Rofe-
like corolla. A fpecies of the Polypeta-
lous; confifting of four or more regular
petals, inferted into the receptacle by a
fhort, broad claw; as m the wild Rofe.
This is a term of Tournefort’s; and
fuch flowers form his fixth clafs, entitled
Rofaeez.
Rosre.ium (dimin. from Roffrum, a beak).
The Roftel, or defcending plane part of the
Corcle or heart, in the firft vegetation of
the feed.—Pars corculi fimplex defcendens.
Rostratus fructus. A beaked fruit. Havy-
ing a procefs refembling the beak of a
bird: as in Geranium, Scandix Pecten.
Roraces®
1
RO.
Rorace® (Rota, a wheel). The name of
the fifty-fecond order in Linneus’s Frag-
ments; and of the twentieth in his Na-
tural Orders.
Rorara corolla. A Wheel-fhaped corolla.
Monopetalous; {fpreading flat, without
any tube: as in Borago, Veronica, Lyf-
machia.—Applied to the nectary in Nar-
ciffus poeticus.
RotunptM folium. A round leaf. Quod
angulis privatur, Philof. Bot,—In p. 233,
Rotundatum is oppofed to angulatum.—
By this term therefore Linneus does not
mean a circular, or what we fhould call
a round leaf, in Englith; but one which
has a curve without any breaks for the
circum{cribing line, Orbicu/atum is his
term for circular or round.
Rotundo-trigonum. Obtufely three-cornered
or three-fided with the corners rounded
off: as in the germ of Hyacinthus.
Roucu:. Afper. Made fynonymous with
Scaber by Linneus.—He ufes it however
yn a fenfe much more general.
Roush.
©
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— eee _
> es
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os —_
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p oe =“ ~ 4 - # as : 4 ° a ~ * e oq a oma os Pe . : = 2 “- “;- fon 7 = + as -
~ tat tees - A * at > ee = NS Sef eS PAPE a oe = =——sS a ee .
Ye a, fe ae Re ee he ee ee Ga ea ee fee Se ee —
Fe = eee wee ; eS ees 2 re te oe ee eee “= > ’
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~~
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Sawn
RO RU
Roughened. Exafperatus.—Applied to the
calyx.
Rounpv and Rounpep. Kotundum and
Rotundatum. Bent into a curve. For
Circular fee Orbiculatum.
Roundifh leaf. Foltum fubrotundum. Nearly
circular. Orbiculato proximum. Which 1s
improper. See Kotundum.
Ruscep or Scabrous. Scaber. Rough with
tubercles, or prominent f{tifith points. Ap-
plied to the leaf and ftem: alfo to the
calyx of the Oak.
Rucosum folium. A Wrinkled leat, Cum
vena foliorum contractiores evadant quam
difeus, ut interjecta fubftantia adfcendat.
When the veins are more contracted than
the difk, fo that the intermediate fubftance
rifes above them. As in Sage, Primro/e,
Cow/lip, Ciffus incanus, Xe.
Runecrnatum folium (Runcina, a large
faw). A Runcinate leaf. P.nnatifidum,
ita ut lobi antice convexi, poftice fint tranf-
-verf. A fort of pinnatifid leaf, with the
lobes
= SER , - — Keer ‘ Bs ¥ =ve . . ss = eee »
RU SA
o
lobes convex before and ftraight behind,
like the'teeth of the large double faw ufed
in fawing timber: Exemplified in com-
mon Dandelion. This term does not oc-
eur in Philofophia Botanica, and was not
originally diftinguifhed by Linneus from
his Pitinatifid leaf, of which it is ‘only a
variety.—Runcina feems rather to be a
plane.
Runner. Reptaus flagellum. A fhoot pro-
ducing roots and leaves at the.cnd only,
and thus propagating the. plant: , as in
Strawberry. See Sarmentofus.
S
SABRE: SHAPED leaf. Folium Aeinaci-
forme. See Acinac: form.
SacitratumM folium (from Sagitfa, an
‘arrow)... A Sagittate leaf. Shaped like
the head of an arrow.—Triangulare, baft
excavatum, angulis pofticis _inflruétum.
Philof Bot.—Triangulare, angulis pofti-
Crs
S A S A
cis qeutis fink drvifis—Triangular; hol
lowed at the bafe, with angles at the hinder
part—or, with the hinder angles acute di-
vided by a finus.—As in Convolvulus ar-
venfis and Sepim. Sagittaria. .Rumex
Acetofa, or common Sorrel... Erica vul-
garis, or common Heath.—This ‘term is
applied alfo to the Stipula, as in Pea, and
Anther, as in Crocus, Elder, &c.
oe Se ae et - ee See Se SVS Fe Or * Pips oda ee eee eee a
— 4 a= = J ae our - ~ ~ - :
- és _ — et. — , — ~ 4 ~x) ’ 4 3 2 “, oe a 4
SALVER-SHAPED. Hypocrateriformis corolla.
Monopetalous, rifing from a tube; with a
. > < ¥
a ane
Amt = ee
ae ae oe
fiat border.
ry "
is
Wi
5
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Sap. Succus. The juice of watery part of
the vegetable-—Alfo the tender white
part of the wood (Alburnum), in trees;
newly formed from the /iber or inner bark.
ati
, te :
a te ae S
oe. a Se ee or ee +85
— - -<
~~
Se eo
ee ome
Sits * we .
Senet aie
BE eer
Sete
——
SARMENTACE (Sarmentum, the twig or
ote
en a eye te
>
ee
= . >
{pray of a vine; from /arpo to prune,
which is from the Greek aprw, and that
from apy, a pruning-knife). The name
7 an hs
* s a ao ” ~~ i ae
* oe - Pe SF - <
—- Pm Pp ew 4 a ~e 4
> pot 75S ee
ces +- 2
Lesser
of the forty-ninth order in Linneus’s Frag-
ments; and of the eleventh in his Natural
Orders.
SAR-
.-
—ape re
a peer.
; oy s
A SC
SARMENTOSUs caulis. A Sarmentofe ftem.
Repens fubnudus, Philof. Bot.—Fi/iformis
geniculis radicantibus. Delin. Pl.—Fili-
form, almoft naked; or having only
leaves in bunches at the joints or knots,
where it {trikes root.—It feems to he
in fhrubs, what the runner is in herba-
ceous plants. See Runner and Flagel-
Jum.
SCABER. Scabrousor Rugged; fomething
like Shagreen.— Punétis eminentibus rigi-
diufculis exafperatus. See Rugged. Hence
SCABRIDH. The name of the twentieth
Order in Linneus’s Fragments; and of the
fifty-third in his Natural Orders.
ScaBRiTIcs. Ruggedne/s. Componitur par-
ticulis, nudis oculis vix manifeftis, quibus ad-
Spergitur plantarum Juperficies —A fort of
Pubefcence, compofed of particles fcarcely
vifible to the naked eye, fcattered over the
{urface of vegetables.
Scabrous. See Rugged. -
Scal-
=
~
> an ee Nae Bere © ee SOS ae a¢ a ae ee ee © eee ed, P - -. 2 oes cso. : we
pe ar Se hi. pat : - SL 4 ve. ? 5 pr, aes RE ee = os
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en
5 ¢ SC
Scailoped leaf. This term may be applied
to the folium Repandum, which fee.
ScALY. Sguamofus., A Scaly root or bulb:
compofed of fcales lying over each other;
as in the Lily.—A {caly ftem or peduncle :
having {cales {cattered over it.
SCANDENS caulis. A Scandentor climbing
{tem. Alta petens, aliis fuftinendus. Weak,
and requiring fupport in mounting; the
clafper or, tendril 1s ufually the agent ;
as in the Everlafting Pea, and many other
Leguminous plants.—It is different from
PTS ETOIS A aft 5 - a i a as MeL Reg ae e.
caults volubilis, which. mounts by twining.
SCAPUS (from cxnz/w, to lean upon; whence
TUNTWY, TXYMTAvior, and oxy oor, and the
Latin /cipio, for a ftaff; and /capus, the
fhaft of a column, and the ftraight ftalk of
A Scape or Shaft.
—According to Linneus—+runcus elevans
Sructificationem, nec folia.
the fructification, without leaves:
Narcifjus, Pyrola, Hyacinthus, &c.
an herb refembling it. )
A item bearing
as in
Pe-
dunculus would with more propriety be ren-
dered Flower-/ialk than this.
Sca-
SC
Scariosum folium. A Scariofeleaf. Called
Skinny by Dr. Withering... Subfantia
Jficca arida taciu fonora. Of a dry fub-
ftance, fonorous to the touch.—Applied
to a perianth, which is membranous,
tough, thin, and femi-tranfparent ; as in
Statice Armeria, or Thrift, Centaurea gla/-
tifolia, &c.—Alfo to the ne&tary ; in Nar-
ciffus poeticus—Spike, &c.
SCATTERED. Sparfus. Applied to branches,
leaves, &c. which come out without any
apparent regular order. See Spar/us.
SCITAMINES f. Scitamina. (Scitamentum f.
Scitum edulium. An eatable of a racy fla-
vour, pleafant {picy plants.) The name
of the third order in Linneus’s Fragments;
and of the eighth in his Natural Orders,
—In the Artificial Syftem thefe are in
the firft clafs.
Scorep ftem. Exaratus caulis.. Marked
deeply with parallel lines, orrather grooves.
—It does not feem to differ from fulcatus,
furrowed or grooved.
Z Scu-
= ~ -— ~~ aoe ——
I — = ee he —
etn Rigg i ete eda es
= ae < en a - # Pe a eee SE ¥ ttre : , Lee ee ee a is
aes eS ii c — . : =; seb = a 7 = =
-f af tes I~ ont = : Ne ‘ at SE “7: IE A > 9 ae See ra
ae = oS = : " -— = Ue 4 7 e . Was - 4 = " - o- - * - -
5 ae - - - —— ——— — es EO TS — : ex :
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Fn
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_ Se eS
SC SE
ScurELLUM (dimin. from Scutum, a buck-
ler). Fructificatio (Lichenum) orbiculata
concava, margine undigue elevato.—An or-
bicular concave fructification (in fome
Lichens), with the edge raifed all round.
The Pe/ta is flat.
Scymitar Jbaped. See Acinaciform.
ScypH!FER. Cup-bearing. A fubdivifion
of the Lichens, having ,the fructifica-
tion in an elevated obconical form, like a
drinking-glafs.
SecunDus (Sequundus, a fequendo, from fol-
lowing). Flotibus ad unum idemque latus
verfis.—All turned towards one fide—
pointing one way—directed or inclining
(the fame way. We have no proper Englifh
term for this. One-ranked tends to mif-
lead, becaufe a plant may have more ranks
or rows of flowers than one directed to
the fame point of the horizon, or nearly
fo.—It is exemplified in the flowers of
Erica herbacea—in the fpike of Daétylis
cynofuroides—and in the panicle of Daéty-
lis glomerata, feveral of the Feftuca, &ce.
SEED.
Nai ;
ie
SEED. Semen. The rudiment or embryo
of a new plant. Or, the deciduous plant
of a vegetable, containing the rudiment
of another vegetable of the fame {pecies,
vivified by the pollen.—It is analogous
to the egg in animals.
A Seed confifts of three principal parts
—1. The Tegument or fkin. 2. The Al-
bumen fplitting into cotyledons of lobes,
3. The Corcul/um, Corcle or heart.—Some
feeds alfo have a AHi/um or eye—others
an Ari/—others again a coronet, Coronila :
which is either the calyx adhering; a
Pappus or Down; a wing, tail, hook;
awn, or other procefs, to affift in their
difperfion.
Seed-bud. See Germen.
Seed-coat. See Aril;
SEED-LEAvES. The primary leaves; be=
ing the cotyledons or lobes of a feed ex»
panded, and in a ftate of vegetation.
ees oe mt
ee a
Sat ee
a a a> oe
Seed-lobes, See Cotyledon.
a ae i iy
YT ee
SS ee
3 =~
Z 2 SEED-
en Tg
EEE —— - -
Oe ey A Otte es oe
- i. OF
Sawer ie -
ee ie ee
——
Se ———
-
‘ (
at
rt aee
a) : ~
| ee hy
-
“Fiat
: .
ap
‘
i
*
SS
ee 2 - io
P eee a5 es atime, ae ep
ss i a ters res .
eae
> Ae NS or >
pe. —- aa —
ee ae ——— vg ta eS = SE ~
—— ss 2 “a. = .
eS “ ee
ae
—_—_—
——
Se SB
a -
ee es Diy) ae
———S
Semiflofculofe or Seniflofculofi, the.name of
a fub-divifion in the order of compound
flowers, both in :he natural and artificial
fyftem of Linnets: comprehending fuch
as?
es aneeetnee =
ae one Tee 5 est =
——e... Se = sea BPs we. 4 i ae aK dp
: 35
i
: =
° =
SS
SAO 4
“
<> = 2 a
Se 7 Tae
i am,
=
Y = =. = 3
_—— = — 2 —— a oe : ~ — ~~ “ ' -
See oe ee eS oe ee ee ws St s 7 . tt _—_ _— >
F - e a t- > ae, owe t 2 ~¥ ee eM Pace Saw were +8
. - P ——— — <. ‘ . - a di P — ‘
+s ~ a =u. . , : 1 r ” =
de A eae
as are made up vholly of fertile ligulate
florets; as Dandlion, Lettuce, Sowthi/tle,
Hawkweed, &c.
Seminate folium. .Sre Seed-leaves.
oo:
tite 5
5
7
¢ ‘
an
wel
weet
age
ie’
Ps)
Wea
vy
ty,
iw >t *
on
:s
wt
- *
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ogi ay
’
+o
ie,
ui "
r
a
3
oS
eh
au
th:
AT
Lt y
ke
fe
SEMINATIO. Sermination, or the natural
difperfion of feed.
72
3 ties —~
ae
Pas =
ee
pele
ES =.
r~
a
ea
—
a
=
=
SEMIORBICULATUN /femen. A femiorbi-
cular feed. In flape of half.a fphere,
oe 3
na Ps op ee
an Orn kn tation Gm le in Enh hy
2 — he... of ce | et s 4
e_ . -
Ss 2. 2 = S
Ma
anal
SEMIQUINQUEFIDtS calyx, A half-tive-
cleft calyx,
Z3 SEMi-
. ik Steet “*
ae tee = E.R =
- a —s —
SF aera Shier
Ss eta
=
‘ 5
ne = gy A se
+
- rs wee: : > = t aes £8F Pe:
- Pro ———~ —. a n in _ ° es > sens ee ae =-e” ai Sp.»
7 “. mee eS ee ot Oe ee Seen es hha te, eos ~~ - 2 eer, Lat 42 “9 “5 Gas 2 Fy
—_ = SS 2. ae a “ “ 4 a 2 be . ~« © a 7 J .
= 5 we LF tr ae te ee Se ae ae a a —+ a -. - - ‘
_ = P “ .
|
i
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oe
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;
mehr,
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it
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. et
ru
a |
bi !
a :
5 go)
i
} 7 7
ie >
> i a. a
ae = “ =
ia 4 a
i Agel <> s ae ae a,
S
=
sts
ae — * ©
==; = a . mS
x rene. oN a : ——. = ee
: . 7.4 — a. a4 , F.*s— ha — = ae ea ee * = SS
- ee aateatietartne mad Paes me ae 8 Re —_——
ee ee ee . ae it Se - ‘~*2 . ~ Oe on SO ~- * er
=a 7, : - — 5 = : <3 e tet i opicgh
- : > = P > : . 5 A 4 bs ;
c : s < > > < : , ea 7 . “
_ x "< “ - ‘al * “ © - * ~
— aie Tar tres ~ : =. = -- an alia > se => a = © =.
= mes ber ~— : 7 FE Fas vat aie = ap 2 Emer hn et a ” tosh
= ~ ee i > A — oe an ™ .. - J ie ; “ nd i ¢ i = 4
a ae
a
—— ~
—
wr se Pe Sat
Pak
: nee “=
Le ie ae
Pa
Monw, 5 ee
3 ee oS
ll = |
wlll
me
MU,
if f
f MN
_~
>. -- ‘-
“se
=.
a
<< = = . _
9 ED eS z> cz
= ARN PM ENT
ee ne = ewer ~ x=
>
ee eS
: Fras
= ‘e 3
oS
oe
=e
—“~¢~
i
—
SE S H
the Receptacle.—Thefe two terms are
fometimes confounded, though nothing
can. be more diftinct.
SEXANGULARIS caulis. A hexangular {tem:
as in Eriocaulon.
SexFipus calyx. Sexfid, or fix-cleft; as
in Pavia.—Sexfidum neclarium. . A fix-
cleft nectary: asin Narciffus minor.
SEXLOCULARE fpericarpium. A fix-celled
pericarp: as in Afarum, Ariftolochia.
Sexus. Sexes in vegetables are, 1. Mak,
2. Female. 3. Hermapbrodite. Having
the twofirftin the fame flower. 4. When
they are feparate, either on the fame or
different individuals; fuch plants are
called Androgynous. 5. When Herma-
phrodites are accompanied with one or
both of the two firft, fuch a plant is
denominated Polygamous.
Shaft. Put by fome authors for the ftyle.
SHAGGY. | Hirsiitus.
SHARP.
SHARP. Acutus.
Sharp-pointed or pointed. Acuminatis.
SHEATH.. Vagina. A membrane invefting
a {tem or branch; as in Graffés.—Very
different from Spatha, which fee.
Sheathed. Vaginaius. Invefted by a fheath
or cylindrical membranaceous tube, which
is the bafe of the leaf: as the ftem in
Polygonum ampbhibium, and the culm in
Gra/jes.
Sheathing. Waginans. When a leaf invetts
the {tem or branch by its bafe in form of
a tube: asin Polygonum, Rumex. Ciftus
incanus.— Applied alfo to the Petiole and
Stipule.
Shining. See Lucidus.
Shoot. ‘See Surculys.
”~
SHRIVELLING, or Withering. Marce/cens.
Decaying without falling off: as the cos
rolla of Plantain,
SHRUB. . Frutex., In its general accepta-
. tion,
— -
a
- wy; - = + --
ee
i
Mit
P
it
=
a ae
= z
noe aS Se
Joa
Ss. 2 c= =
-- SS - ~~ -< or-—¢ « “
a a ae
- p>. /. = b
P=. ®. * —_——= z -
. > -
4 “We wee « “
a
es
——
OSs AE
= > =
a SS
SSS
-- sap
Se eee eee
Pn) a Ce
- ee
a * ~~ 2s
4s ~
ea eatin Se SS ee ae ona
——— > - wy >= J
ae ice: Pw = a Z-
os = ~— et ls aa po ES
~ or 7 ak ; *. .
=
<2 -r
. sen £
.
a
=~
“ae
~ 5 - _
<> | ~
me -
: ton a
———-S
aaa
- =
canes
_
i ’ : rah
y ‘|
: ‘
’ : ay
aly "4
ie
ne 4, 4
: ‘ . ve
: ,
: tay
:
} "
:
yh 7m
a ees
Me Lae
ei ,
| ie
‘
: tape,
ve ‘ 4
j wet
7 MAS
‘ i]
ie is
t 4 :
if :
:
.
;
- Sie +“
M :
i
w 8
' .
ht
a
‘
ui ie
]
j ‘
y ,
° inh
i
ro
-
; i
4 - 7 v
We Pr.
¢ :
{ »
- y
a {
‘ .
:
:
e
‘ ‘an
1 ,
: ee
Aye
p :
a
hia
> :
ie ‘iy
et
: .
:
ie : *
' . +
\ yee
-
: " ‘7 a“
DE Be}
‘ i ae
: a
" ‘ar
wr
a Aa
Pi.) Wad
* ” 4
el} al
ake” ta
- ,
Bol peaaclt
Fr
24 7*
ae a)
‘
i 1 oe th
»
’ : \
' 8
‘ a et
+ . {
eras Oo
: Ly ot
‘ ‘
- . V -
, é
! wm 4
+ f
:
a) is
‘ xv
Niy)? u y
4 es }
ih} 14
: ; 4
)
i
ir “
AP,
“
bars By
iP.
watt
pH»
5 »
. ;
hy NB
> 5
Sao
ul lSed i
mit
b ;
7) ac}
Be kar
* =
vi,
qi pea i)
Me,
Be
«< yr
'
1
nde
ny
ney
st
= - = - aS ainmd
wa -o s
= se
=.
Pt. ee ha,
9 H 5]
tion, it is a vegetable with feveral perma-
nent woody ftems, dividing from the bot~
tom, more {lender and lower than in trees.
Linneus makes the diftin@ion of a thrub
irom a'treé to confift in its having no
buds: but trees have not buds in hot cli-
mates. He acknowledges indeed that
nature has placed no limits betwen them.
Shrubby. Fruticofus.. Perennial, with feveral
woody items.
SICKLE-SHAPED. Fualcatus. Applied to the
keel of a papilionaceous flower.
SILICULA (dimin. from Siligua). _- = ae 4 9 - =a = - ee — > —-
SS ne ee ae es - ————— wil & a ee ae es eS “
Shoat s tm — ae a ye = TE Se ae Fe ae ~ a a =
-_ = da ,=—* <* ew -< c > > beh + He “+ ———s gx oe P ee! - - « “
- — a pe Se - —— . = ~—— 4 =~ s = ¢
7 Pont ’ ~ ie r " - b
—
—_ —
a > eee
~ ae iat
ana i
> °
= =,
we + Oe ee .
ee owt a ar
- wr:
es 2 4 =
a eS Ss eee
ns —_s a ——
A ans 2 7 ' gs ( Beat ss .
ee a ee eo ee Se ee
Pe 4 ce oe - = ae ae ;
2 Fr tsy . SS _ Tay
2s 2k . - a ws —- = — =
wt = 77 ee! -~* == fats .
8 ee Ee
Sn hueliie
ated oes
= 3 Pa <4 arm
= ke es ree
inh On SD a it
i sy = yer
-- — ,
7
ee
- —
, Rb te eatin, Ce
. ao a
— oe =" =
os ter oO Cy
-_
tiny LS
- eT er
a ——
eR s BT ee pies
“ >; =e . pio = aes © ee | - > ges .
ee 8 a ee SS a ,
per ren wk>s 3 ge
veral florets.—A Simple fpike. Having
os
=~
. -* Set. te ee
- Juz wept te 2) a
a ~#. » SS = .
nn eet =
-- -S Sse ts
- ~ ~ os. < sal .e*
no fubdivifions, fpicules or fpikelets.—
A Simple Umbel. Having only one fet
of rays, or having the receptacle , divided
once only: as in Authrifcus Peclen.—
Simplex Calyx. A fimple calyx. Having
only one row of leaflets, as in Tragopogon ;
oppofed to Calycled and Imbricate.—Sim-
plex Pappus. A fimple down: oppofed
to Plumo/us or feathered. —Applied alfo to
Briftle, Tendril, Stigma, &c,
Simplicifimus. Very fimple, abfolutely fim-
ple.—As the ftem of Lathrea Squama-
ria; and the fpadix of Acorus.
SINGLE flower. Unicus flos. Only one on
a {tem, as in the Tu/ip; oppofed to mas-
ny.—In common language, it is ufed
in oppofition to a double or monftrous
flower.
Sinuvatum folium. A Sinuate leaf. Hav-
ing large curved breaks, in the margin,
refembling bays (Sizus). As in the Oak.
Sinuato-
:
:
f : .
are
4
t 1
So '
{
, 1
‘ ab ge
, Na
qi }
7%
4. i
{
A eed
ms tas oe
x ;
i P's
. 1 ay
et
5]
+
‘on "
Set et tale oe:
Dh me
Ses
ae .
oa
= 35 Bey le Se ms ~. es
2
ae ee
a
be el ee
4~ = Re oe we
> =
a
SI SL
Sinuato-angulofum. A finuate-angular leaf:
as in. Hollyhock.
Sinuato-dentatum. A finuate-toothed leaf
Sitting. See Seffile.
situs foliorum. Situation of leaves, Their
difpofition on the ftem: as ftellate, tern or
threefold, &c. Oppofite, alternate, fcat-
tered, crowded, imbricate, fafcicled or in
bundles, difich or in two rows.
DIX-PETALLED. Hexapetala corolla. A
fiower having fix diftin& petals to the
corolla.
Skinny. See Scariofum.
SLEEP of Plants. Somnus plantarum. The
form and appearance which plants put on
during the night, very different from
what they have in the day; chiefly in
the leaves.
SLENDER. Tvnuis. Applied to the feed.
Lenurfolia planta, A fendcr-leaved plant:
in
SM SO
in oppofitien to /atifolia, broad-leaved.—.
Tenuis however is often put for tin.
Smooru.. G/laber. Having a flippery fur-
face void of roughnefs. | Oppofed to
fcabrous, not to pilofus, hairy: and ex-
emplified in Daphne Laureola, Arbutus
Unedo, Geranium peltatum, &c. .° Greater
degrees of {moothnefs are expreffed by
nitidus. or nitens:.and. /ucidus; fhining,
bright, glittering, glofly, &c.
Suipt leaf.. Folium incifiim. See: Gafhed,
and Incifum. wet
Solares Flores. See Vigilia.
Soripus. bulbus. ..Solida radix. A folid
bulb; asin Zusp. A folid root; as in
Turnep. Of a flefhy, uniform, undi-
vided fubftance.—Solidus caulis. . A folid
ftem. Full within; in oppofition to imanis,
which has only a light fpongy fubftance
in it; and f/fu/lof/us, hollow like a pipe.
Sorirarivs. Solitary, feparate, one only
ina place. Solitaria ffipula. A folitary
{tipule; as in Melianthus.—Solitarius pe-
Aa dunculus.
—- ~-— gs ~ . Fe a e ~« — ms 4
Pe nes eS
~~ *. aa
ee ee = nee
ae ~~
, Tag:
as. Pe SS" ‘
ee Se
5 a
~_ — -- ++ Ss
o* = S82 =
To ee
os
ae ae
a. a ek
rx
ere - Se
eae
eee, 2S se
ae i i 5 ee re
Set Begg - ~
-
=
ni
ww
—_
ae ee ne
SS
ae *
Mt Nl i gy, RNS A ST s
— 2 r
Pw ia aS ee, 2
at « Be ee ee Rw ee EB
ee
“a he, i
b ws
‘ =
—_~
te BLO
{3 —
pty — me ee
a et eee 2
ae at oe >.» oes aa
re
ee, eS
—s
SO SP
dunculus. A folitary peduncle; as in
Convolvulus tricolor.—Solitarius flos. A
folitary flower: only one to each pedun-
cle; as Euphorbia Peplis, Dianthus chinen-
fis.—Solitarium femen. A folitary feed:
one only ina pericarp.
SoLutus. Laofe. Oppofed to adnatus.
Applied to Stipules.
Somnus Plantarum. Sleep of Plants. E/
forma facie/que, quam planta fub noéte in-
duumt, maxime a diurna earum facie diver-
fam, nulla habita ratione partium interna-
rum feu fructificationis. Efique in foltis
prafertim confpicuus.
Spapix. The receptacle in Palms, and
fome other plants, proceeding from a
fpathe.—It is either branched, asin Palms,
or fimple, as in Dracontium, &c.—In
fome it is one-flowered; in others many-
flowered.— Hence
Flos fpacideus. A {padiceous flower. A
fort of aggregate flower, having a recep-
tacle common to many florets, within a
fpathe.—As Patms, Arum, Calla, Dra-
contium, Pothos, Zoftera, Acorus.
Spadiceus
para
= et
Pe
_—=—_———
SP
="
ee ee eee A, ae.
— > sae =
fast =
vik S* “~~
Spadiceus color. ‘The colour of the fpadix
in the Palm; it is commonly tranflated a
Bay-colour, fromthe Greek Caioc. Ray fays
it is a colour approaching to bay or chefnut,
but with more red in it,
a so =
—
ae
“- ee
— a es eS
ie ees = C — =2s_-
ee
aw
ee Tae
-, =
4. 6 Re ~~ Tone
—
™~
a
po
=
a ee
ay NP AS ee A ag ae
tte —
a
Span. A long fpan, or Dodrans—a fhort
{pan, or Spithama. See Meafures.
Sparsus. Scattered. Neither oppofite nor
alternate, nor in any apparent regular
order. Applied to branches—to leaves, as
in feveral forts of Lily—to peduncles or
flowers—to calycine fcales, as in Crepis
barbata. ‘* With regard to branches,”
fays Dr. Berkenhout, “‘an accurate ob-
« ferver will find that, notwithftanding
‘‘ their irregular appearance, they form a
* fpiral line round the trunk, regularly
‘ completing the circle in a determinate
‘ number of fteps.”’
SpaTHE. A Spathe (Sheath is the Fnglith
term for Vagina). The calyx of a fpadix,
opening or burfting longitudinally, in
form of a fheath.—It is applied alfo to
the calyx of fome flowers which have
no fpadix; as Narciffius, Crocus, Iris,
&c.
Se yes
ee the URRY oe eS =
—
oe a ap
Se as
> ~*
SS a
Se
ge ene =
~
a eee te aE ee behee
= * “ —~_ ag Ap ne
;
%
:
i
1
‘i
A
7
eH
i
if
Sav
7
a
OP LONE A. BE ETRE RE EN, Le BT a , * »
7 =
re Ps a = ’ i
> —— Ht.
- a > —
—
Aaz2 A Spzethe
SP
A Spathe may be—
One-valved, or two-valved.
Halved. Dimidiata. Invefting the fruci-
fication on the inner fide only.
Imbricate.
One-flowered, two- flowered, &c.—Hence
Spathacea: “The’name of the eighth order
in Linneus’s Fragments; and of the ninth
in. his Natural Orders.
SparuLatum folinm. A Spatulate or
Spatula-fhaped leaf. Cujus figura fubro-
tunda, bafi .anguftiore dineart elongata.
Roundifh, with a long, narrow, linea
bafe: like a fpatula or a battledore: as in
Ciflus incanus.
Spear-Shaped. See Lanceolatum..
Species. The diftinct forms of vegetables
originally fo created, and producing. by
certain laws of generation, others like
- themfelves.—T here are therefore as many
fpecies as there are different invariable j
forms or ftruétures of vegetables now ex- |
ifting. We commonly ufe thefame ter-
mination both in the fingular and plural,
as
oF
Pm 4 + =
=>” ~
as we do in fome other words of the fame
ftructure from the Latin. The duplica-
tion of the final is difagreeable to the ear,
and I fuppofe that we acquiefce the more
readily in this anomaly, becaufe fo many
of our plurals terminate in es,
——
vs
-\¥
ce
be SS ee ei . oa P
Sar ~~ 4 = a owe — Sco Se eye -
SP ae - -
“
an 7
a eee “"
=
& be A tet
> 2.
AE Cet St AT OS tel rs
a
< oy toe
- REI 4S Ne AA ee 8
et Nr eran F
« — - 2
a
+ be wet ~-
Specific Charager. — A citcumftance or cir-
cumftances diftinguifhing one {pecies from
every other {pecies of the fame genus.
i ae
ah = ee
neal
Specific Name. Prenomen triviale. Com-
monly called the Trivial Name.—One of
thofe happy inventions of Linneus, by
which he has facilitated and diffufed the
fcience of Botany in a wonderful man-
ner —A plant is perfectly named, fays
Linneus (Philof. Bot. 202), when it’ is
furnifhed with a generic and /pecific name.
—In the fame page he diftinguifhes the
if
a f
nt
A
4
:
ae — ae 2
2 = + 2
latter from the nomen triviale; and calls
it the Effential Difference.—Nomen /pect-
ficum legitimum plantam ab omnibus conge-
neribus diftinguat ; triviale autem legibus
etiamnum caret.—Nomen fpecificum eft ita-
gue Differentia effentialis.
Aa3 SPIcA
=
x. x x ag
oS ae
4
os ee
Dh. ae Se ee
eee
3
a
ooh
i”
‘7
- ti
‘*
ari. 4
i; } .
rae
ees
tae!
~
— ~
= = * > ~
\ . a! & ao aes — sna id a
Se +>4tFr Fea i ae . : ; = heen " — » 7 = “
== 3 Spain. yy Se -- : < - ar) OS - -
: at aos : = Oe See : | os ese _ ise -- er ~S oe ae 3 - =n “
= 2 => = -- - : = < a ee? eB 2 . ~ = ~
- = —~ «> gate Pe ae ee m a Ao - <4 = zr =. : Mee 2% — ae = =
a a ce - ~~ SY == eas ow —— > > ot 6 we “Baw . ~e -- ~ —-Z_ — — Ps - =
= see os — =. SS eee eee ee r-3 ~~" -2 7 “= S'S oan ‘ Poa te ~ar
= ———— — : ee — — “az - = - ae ~ a AEF EIS <* oa o = a
<7 ’ AB POSE ee a 2s ae ead : ; Ti a -
elt ae 2
a a=
=
.
Abe
nn
SaaS
fe ig BR
= $24 te =
ee ee
i area
sada
a
‘me
T=
br’
mAs = oF
a
SP
Spica (from Ses, hope; from. cmw, to
extend; or from crayus, ALol. for olayus,
whence Spicus, Spica, and Spicum; for it
is ufed in all the three genders). A Spike.
—Flores feffiles fparfim alterni in peduneu-
lo communi fimplici.—In Term. Bot. 461,
Jparfim is omitted.— A fpecies of infloref-
cence, in which feffile flowers are (fcat-
teringly) alternate on a common fimple
peduncle.—As in an ear of Wheat, Rye, or
Barley; many of the Grafes; in Lavender,
Mullein, Agrimony, &c.—A Spike is
1. Simple, Diftich, Compound, Glomerate.
2. Ovate, Cylindric, Ventricofe, Inter-
rupted.
3. Imbricate, Jointed, Branching, One-
ranked (/ecunda), Linear, Ciliate,
Leafy, Briftle-fhaped, Comofe or termi-
nated with a buth of leaves, Scariofe.
Sprcuta. ASpicule or Spikelet. A par-
tial {pike, or a fubdiyifion of it: as in
fome Gra/es.
Spina. A Spine or Thorn.—Mucro e ligno
planta protrufus.—Fulcrum terminans cor-
nu lignofo. Regn. Veg.—See Thorn.
SPINDLE-
wo
SP
SPINDLE-SHAPED root. See Fu/formis.
Spinefcens. Spinefcent. Becoming hard and
thorny. Incident to petioles and {tipules.
Spinofus. Spiny or Thorny.—Spinofum fo-
lium. Quod margine exit in acumina du-
riora, rigida, pungentia. Oppofed to In-
erme.—Spinofus caulis. Spimis armatus.
Sprratis. Spiral. Twifted like a fcrew.
As the cotyledons of the Holerace@ ; the
anthers of Chironia; the tails of the feeds
in Geranium, &c.
Sprruama. A fhort Span, or feven Paris
inches. See Mea/ures.
SprREADING. FPatens. Spreading a little,
Patulus. See thefe two words.
Spur or Horn. Calcar, Cornu. The hinder
part of the nectary in fome flowers, fhaped
like a cock’s fpur, or a horn.—This kind
of neétary is called Ne Zarium calcaratum ;
and a corolla having fuch a nettary 1s
named Oorolla calcarata; asin Lark/pur,
Orchis, &¢.—A calyx having fuch a {pur 1s
called Calyx calcaratus ; as in. Tropaolum.
| Aas Squa-
~
q ’
"
a
a
i
it
}
Dy
Lie
“
i:
4'
a?
HEY
~
SQ ST
Seuauosus f. SovAMATUS (Squama, a
Scae). Bulbus, Caulis. See Scaly.
Squairosus (4 /quamarum pifcium fimili-
tudne, quorum cutis exurgat ob affiduam
inlusiem.
Varronum ac rupicum _fquarrofa incondita
rofira. LuciLtivus.
Or, according to others, from Sguarra,
ancently written Scara, which is from
the Greek exyxpa, f{curf). Squarrofe,
by ome tranflated Ragged; by others,
Scu'fy, Squarrofus calyx. Ex /quamis
undgue divaricatis patentifimis. Confitt-
ing of fcales very widely divaricating, or
{preiding every way: asin Carduus, Ono-
poraim, Conyza, Achyranthes muricata.
—Squarrofum folium. In Jacinias eleva-
tas zec plano parallelas divifum. Divided
into fhreds or jags, raifed above the plane
of tie leaf, and not parallel to it.
STALK, or Stem. Caxlis. See Stem.
STAMIN. A Stamen; inthe plural Stamens,
not stamina, in Englifh.—Vi/cus pro pol-
himspreparatione.—Vifcus exterius éiligno .
| Genitale
~ bes ib
Genitale mafculum. Regn. Veg.—An or-
gan or vifcus for the preparation o! the
pollen; and formed, according to Lin-
neus, from the wood.—lIt is the third
part in the fructification; and confits of
the filament and anther.—Some Englifh
writers call it the Chive.
Stamineus flos. A ftamineous flower. Hav-
ing no corolla: a term ufed by Ray.
Apetalus is the term which Linnevs has
adopted from Tournefort. Others call
fuch flowers Imperfect or Incomplece.
Staminiferus fios, A ftaminiferous flower.
Having ftamens without a piftil. The
{ame with the male flower of Linncus.—
Staminiferum neclarium. Anetary taving
ftamens growing on it: as in Kieinbovia.
STANDARD or Banner. Vexillum. ‘The
upper petal of a papilionaceous ccrolla:
as in the Pea.
STATUMINAT (from Statumen, a prop or
fupport, as the ftakes put to vines, &c.
from jflatuo). The name of the fixty-
firft order in Linneus’s Fragments of a
Natural
ae &
Natural Method, in Pdilo/ophia Botanica;
containing only U/mus, Celtis, Bo/ea,
SreLcLtaTa (Stella, a ftar) folia. Stellate
leaves. Cum folia plura quam duo verticil-
latim caulem ambiunt. When more leaves
than two (feldom fewer than four, fre-
quently fix, eight or more) furround the
{tem ina whorl; or radiate from the ftem
like the fpokes of a. wheel ; or like a {tar,
as it is vulgarly reprefented : exemplified
in Galium. They are otherwife called
Verticillata; and come out regularly in
fets one above another.—Svel/ata feta. A
Stellate briftle. When a little ftar of
{maller hairs is affixed to the end.—Ap-
plied alfo to the Stigma: as in Afarum.
Stellatus flos. A Stellate flower. The
fame with thé Radiatus of Tournefort,
which Linneus has adopted.
Stellata. The name of the forty-fourth
order in Linneus’s Fragments, in Philof-
-» Bot.—and the forty-feventh in his Natu-
ral Orders, at the end of Gen. P/.—The
name of a clafs alfo in Ray’s and Her-
man’s Methods.
STEM
$T
STEM or Stalk. Caulis. The body of an
herb, bearing the branches, leaves and
fructification.—According to Linneus,
Truncus is the generic term, of which
Caulis is a {pecies; but in Englifh we ap-
ply Trunk to the body of a tree, and Stalk
to that of herbaceous plants.—Stem might
be adopted as the generic term. See
Truncus.
Stem-clafping. Amplexicaulis. Applied to
a leaf (folium amplexicaule), when the
bafe furrounds the ftem: as in Potamoge-
ton perfoliatum, Verbafcum Blattaria, Hy-
ofcyamus niger, eT er alfo to the
petiole.
Stem-leaf. Folum caulinum. Inferted into
the ftem. Oppofed to the radical or root-
leaf. Applied 2lfo to the peduncle.
Stemlefs. Acaulis, Having no ftem, pro-
perly fo called. Oppofed in Philof: Bot.
(p. 233) to Caulefcens,
Sterilis flos. A Barren flower. A term of
Tournefort’s. Called Ma/culus flos, or
Male flower, by Linneus.—Ray calls it
Paleaceus, and others Adortiens; and
Staminiferus.
STIFF.
S T
orirF. Rigidus. Impatient of bending.
see Rigidus and Strictis.
STIGMA. (From (¢):fo, izuro, to brand or
mark,) A. Stigma.—Summitas piftill:
madida bumore Pollen rumpendo—Roridum,
pubefcens, f{-premum. Regn. Veg.—The
top of the piftil, pubefcent and moitt, in
order to detain and burft the Pollen or
prolific powder.—Grew named it. the
Knob or Button; and Withering the Sum-
mit.—1 have fometrmes atked myfelf,
how Linneus came not to adopt the more
elegant, clafiical term ot Fibula, which had
been given to this part of the piftil by
fome authors who wrote before him?
The Stigma differs in number, figure,
and firucture.— It is
Simple or divided.
Acute; ending in a fharp, fingle tip.
Perforated; having a cavity in the middle.
Yapitate; fhaped like a head or globular,
sd _
Peltate; or fhaped like a round buckler ;
or like the foregoing, flatted by the
{troke of a hammer.
ik}
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Bila-
S T
Bilamellate; -Capitate or globular, com-
preficd, and longitudinally bifid.
Pe oe Se
>
=< 2 = 7 i. 3
— | vi ees
LS ep
Srrmuni (q. Stigmuli, from o}iypos). Stings.
a
ue re
+a Seenaiall t
In Philof. Bot. a {pecies of pubefcence ;
defined to be—funStura venenata que ani-
yo =~ rey 2
EOE me
> —* 4
~ ah
malia nuda arcent. Exemplified in Urtica
or Nettle, latropha, Acalypha, Tragia.—~in
Term. Bot...393, they are feparated. from
; Si ORS TE
ie = x
=
-
t
Pubes, and enumerated with thorns and
prickles,among Arma,the defencesof plants
againtt animals.—T hey are thus defined —
mucrones punéiuras inflammatorias efficientes,
unde pruriginofee evadunt partes. Proceffes
or fharp points from a plant, producing in-
flammatory itching punctures.—They are
ufually on the ftem or leaf; which isthen
called Urens.
Sripes (dJumes, a flake). A Stipe. Ba/is fron-
dis. Proprius Palmis, Filicibus, Fungis.—
Truncus in folia tranfiens. Delin, Pl.—A
folio non diftinétus.: Regn. Veg.—The bate
ofa frond; or, a fpecies of {tem pafling into
leaves, or, not diftinct from the leaf. The
{tem of a Fungus is likewife called Stipes:
~ which Dr. Withering tranflates the Pillar.
It
ST
It 1s alfo put for the thread or flender
{talk; which fupports the pappus or down,
and connects it with the feed. Filum
elevans conneétenfque Pappum €&8 Semen.
Stipitatus. Stipitate or Stiped. Elevated on
a Stipe. Applied to the pappus or down.
STIPULA (dimin. from Stipa, which is from
clorm tow). A Stipula or Stipule.—
Squama bafi petiolorum enafcentium adflans.
A fcale at the bafe of the nafcent petioles
—-or peduncles, according to Philof; Bot.—
As in Papilionacea, Tamarindus, Caffia,
Rofa, Melianthus, Liriodendron, Abricot,
Peach, Bird-cherry, &c.—Some natural
claffes have no ftipules; as the A/perifo-
ha, Perfonata, Verticillate, Stellate, Sils-
quofe, Liliaceae, Orchideez, and mot of
the Compo/te.—
Stipules are,
1. In pairs; Solitary; or None.
2. Lateral; Extrafoliaceous; Intrafoliace-
ous ; Oppofitifolious.
3. Caducous; Deciduous ; Permanent ;
Spinefcent.
4. Seffile; Adnate; Decurrent; Sheathing,
5- Su-
Fs
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5 me 4 = TZ x = oe _
al = —_ at a = - = < - - ~ ~
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SU
bottom, but gradually tapering towards
the end. Asin Arenaria faxatilis, Sedum
rupefire.—Applied alfo to the Filament,
in the clafs Didynamia, &c.—to the feales
of the Calyx, in Dianthus chinenfis—to the
Stipule, Anther, Style and Receptacle.
SuccuLENT# (/fuccus, juice), The name
of the forty-fixth order in Linneus’s Frag-
ments, and of the thirteenth in his Natu-
ral Orders.
SuCCULENTUM folium. A Succulent leaf.
Full of juice ; in oppofition to Ex/uceum,
juicelefs or dry... Applied alfo to. the
Drupe, as in the Plum.or'Peach ;. oppofed
to Sicca, dry, as in the Almond.
SuckER. Svolo. A fhoot from the root of
a vegetable, by which it may be, pro-
pagated.;, as in Violet, Ranunculus. repens,
and moft Shrubs... Sce Runner and Sar-
mentofis.
ESE SF TS
Oe er ees
eS ee Le ee
> oe E
ee ee Re a te
he ’ 4 o i ae
b 5 : ape 7,
if :¢
t
Pte Res a TH
Be
RS ST a
—— = ees B-- 3
bE Beis 3
SSS
—?
Se — ree
S W SY
in ramis fimplex affurgit tenerum & -exile.
-LHA fhoot.—It is probably a diminutive
from Surus or Surrus, an old word for a
large branch, fuch as was fit to make a
{take or palifade of. The original word
was probably Surcus from Surgo, which
was ancicently Surco.—Linneus puts Sur-
culus for a branchlet of Mofs, and a fhoot
of Ferns.
SWIMMING or Floating leaf. Natans. Ly-
mg'on the furface of the water.
- —,
= < =
==>
ae en — = abet = =
>. - ns 7 ‘.
F ja ere "a ow
SWORD-SHAPED leaf, Folium Enfiforme.
vee Fufform.
t
‘
-
:
ue
‘
ie
‘7
ay
a
re
is
;
|
SYNGENESIA (cuv and yeveoic, comgenera-
_ tion). The name of the nineteenth clafs
in Linneus’s Artificial Syftem ; campre-
hending thofe plants which have the an-
thers united into a cylinder.—The orders
are fix—a1. Polygamia Aiqualis..« 2. Poly-
samia Superflua.. - 3. Polygamia Frufira-
nea: 4. Polygamia Neceffaria. 5. Poly-
gamia Segregata. 6. Mounogamja,—The
five firft orders contain the Compound
flowers, and form a: Clafs. truly Natural.
SyYS-=
TA SY
Systema. A Syftem is a regular arrange-
ment of natural bodies, according to fome
certain characters.—In Botany it confifts
of five members or divifions—t1. Clafs.
2. Order. 3. Genus. 4. See 5. Va-
riety.
3
TAIL. Cuda. A procefs or thread ter-
minating a feed, and facilitating its pro-
pagation.—This term was ufed formerly
for the narrow bafe,of.a petal in a polype-
talous corolla, which Linneus calls Unguis,
the Claw.
iy
WM
Be
.
@
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a) 4
14
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ie
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y
eae.
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sae }
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it .
at
ih. x >
fy he .
ue 4
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ae. |
Nang .
D: A a
ipa ihe 5
ay ib i ."
a ;
"a
ie
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i? sf t
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n ia
a Vee
i
4
fa a,
b é
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Md Tied _
nei
et .
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h
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vet
4
aL
hl ae
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ag
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oom
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ay te
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at};
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4”. & £
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6 ai
aa —<
Tapered or Tapering:,. See Attenuatus.
Taper=pointed. » See Acuminate..
Target: -/baped. See Peltatum.
TENDRIE or Claus Cirrus. One of the
Fulcres. A filiform fpiral band, by which
a plant is faftened to another body—or by
which a weak plant fupports itfelf on
others: as the ‘Vine, Pea, &c.
i q
oJ iM:
a pt
Loy
« rn
b
4
wt
bee)
,
i
”
’
ht Tt
eR ae
py |
ye
a
bt te
. «
As
i tr
“5 i
i fi
A Ten-
TE
A Tendril is,
ti Axiilaris, from the axil.
2. Foliaris, from the leaf. |
3. Petiofaris, from the petiole or foot-ftalk.
4. Peduncularis, from the peduncle. or
ftalk.
Or it is,
1. Simple. |
"2. Trifidus, or three-cleft.
3. Multifidus, many-cleft:
4. Diphyllus, tetraphyllus, &c. Two-leav-
ed, four-leaved, &c.
5. Polyphyllus, many-leaved.
6. Convolutus, turned inward.
7. Revolutus, turned back ‘after having
made half a turn.
Ten UIs is put both for Slender and Thin.
“Tennifolia epee A plant with narrow
leaves.
pee Wakes z.. It may: often’ be
my exprefled in /Englifh by. Round.
Since
—— eo
‘
KS - -_—— ia
‘
’
a
@ out
> -yees ~
alti See eS
<=
===
a —
ets —
=~ — = .
ee
see
gee
Ke cy) f
a aes PS ee =
a Se
REE ae oS - >
=%, “ a
ek na
—
>
dln ant
=
tere
_—
—-
ae ee
=r — = is 2.
Sr X Ss 6 SES - -
Se ee PE Se
eo ae pt, , > we .
Ss SS
rg
;
+
;
;
P
’
Yak
;
he
\
'
u's i
we
rr al,
hayen,
ul bi
sabe |
We
('e
in
toy
wig
tr
~~
a on
r= a a
7
which I apprehend to confift in its divid-
ing thrice at leaft.
TERMINALIS. ‘Terminating, or coming out
at the end of a branch or ftem. Applied
to {fcape, peduncle, flower, fpike, cyme,
anther, awn, andthorn. Oppofed to ax-
illary.
TeRNA folia. Three-fold leaves, in threes,
or three and three: expreffing the number
of leaves in each whorl or fet. As in
Statice finuata. See Stellata,
Terni peduncul. Pedunclesin threes, or three
together from the fame axil: as in Impa-
tiens zeylanica.
Terni flores. Flowers growing three and
three together; as in Bete Cicla.
Ternatoum folium. A Ternate leaf. Hav-
ing three leaflets on one petiole: as in
Trefoil, Strawberry, Bramble, &c.—Lin-
neus makes it a fpecies of the Digitate.
Doubly-ternate. “See Biternate.
Triply-
Triply-ternate,. See Triternajum.
TEsseELATuM folium, petalum. A Teficlate
or chequered leaf or petal. ° Painted or
{potted like a chefs-board.—For the léaf,
Linneus refers to Satyrium repens, and Cy-
pripedium bulbofum: and as an inftance of
a. flower, we may cite Fritillaria Mele
_ agris. |
= ee z all Puto. =
2 7 = — —. = —ore in
.— ser. —
sp on Sona Ee
TeTRADYNAMIA (reccapes four, and duvapis
: power). The name of the fifteenth clafs
in the Linnean Syftem ; comprehending
thofe plants which bear hermaphrodite
flowers with fix ftamens,. four of them
(more powerful) longer than the other
two. This tsa truly natural clafs, and the |
fame with the Cruciformes of Tournefort i
—the Siliculofe and Siliquofe of Ray;
which laft are the names of the orders into
which the clafS is divided by Linneus,
0 ee ee
2
SS SS as See
~ ‘> - . ae. 2 ay
TETRAEDRA filiqua. A four-fided filnque |
or pod.
Tetraconuscayzlis. A four-cornered ftem.
—Having, four prominent longitudinal
angles: as in Paffflora alata, A {pecies
| of
1B
of the Anceps, according to Linneus it
Philof. Bot.
TETRAGYNIA (reocapes and yury). One of
the orders in feveral claffes of Linneus’s
Syftem; comprehending thofe plants which
have four piftils.
TETRANDRIA (reooapes and avyp). The
fourth clafs in the Linnean Syftem; com-
prehending thofe plants which have her-
maphrodite flowers with four ftamens of
equal lengths.
TETRAPETALA corolla. ES -
SS
oo
ZT EX-
—
hs - " ere d
y ‘ ose, .
- ‘ .
; ia
TE | TH i
TeExturA vegetabilium. The texture of ie Ss
vegetables: confiits of Va/a fuccofa; fucci- .@
ferous veflels: Trachee atria. Trachezx ia |
or air veflels: and Ufricu/? fecretorii; Utri- a 4
cles, or fecretory veflels. See Veffels. ie]
THALAMUS. See Receptaculum, iz
| THeca. See Aril. re
THORN or Spine. Spina. — A tharp procefs (@
from the woody part of a plant, for its a3
defence; as in Prunus, Crategus, &c. ta
See Prickle. It commonly difappears x | i 8
culture; as in Pear, Orange, &c.
A Thorn may be either— Terminating ;
placed at the end of a branch or leaf: or
Axillary; proceeding from the angle form- 1
ed by a branch or leaf with the dtem. |
Se TET EA ald
Sahat wi ager ee
SS ee De ge aN
. es . F
foliary, or growing on the leaf, }
Pua steno
Calycine, or growing on the. calyx.
Simple or Single—Divided or Branched. .
Alse has thorns at the edges of the leaves.
Thiftle has them on the calyx.
Many fruits are protected by them: as
Trapa, Tribulus, Spinacia, Datura, &c.
Cec THORNY.
-
mets Ss Sr SS Be
- ~ peas ah et BS =
SS SS St -
> 7 - = fe =
dk ~~ ~~ 4
Daa? Sa.
, «
ae
: - ~
PP ee FS
En : . -
eet Pare ite < . a ~
De
= +»
—— — -- =
- = =
=
A
ue
4
4
%
,
. ay
2 ==
rote: Naalaan Se igh Sue
2" . 2
- = na = < a = «-
c —* as < re z » = 3 =a _ re
7 pa nd > ~ ~~ = > - _ = = — =, ha
.- =o a be 7 < . > — tee —_- =; - * 7) © ~ = ~
a —~ en 3 ' Fa - . - rs — = >
= at . aa Maes % e =: « S
Ser’ as ny. een ee ges eS eS wa~ = - = se se S -* » i er = a _
= x - —— = +, ee =a ~ ~ = - - ¥. =~.
a Ne eee eS J - -—~ : x , . = — SS a Na
: z
2 oe SS Lake ee < :
= s - 2 — +. = © to oe - Oh
ee eS a= a ge eg "aan ee =
<< x = - —% > “ >- 2 — ee -- - a aa =>
‘ Series x Kaas. OFFS it 5 i “y — ne as a2 £
3 =. Se Se ese aoe Eee 3 5s SS Se
i Ts a ee Eat FS ee ay a -
Ee eee Re a a ee et
= ——— ao . | 9 -< =
fet SS SS
TH
THREE-LEAVED calyx. Tripbyllus. Con-
fifting of three diftinét leaflets: as in
Tradefcantia.
THREE-LOBED leaf. Folium trilobum: Di-
vided to the middle into three parts, ftand-
ing wide from each other, and having con-
vex margins: as in Leonurus Cardtaca,
Refeda odorata.
THREE-NERVED leaf. Folium trinervium.
Having three diftinct veffels or nerves
running longitudinally without branch-
ing.
THREE-PARTED leaf. Folium tripartitum
Divided into three parts down to the bafe,
but not entirely feparate; as in Eryngium
campefire.—Applied alfo to the Cyme.
THREE-PETALLED or Tripetalous corolla.
Tripetdla. Confifting of three diftinct pe-
tals; as in Ahi/ma, Sagittaria,
THREE-SEEDED capfule. Tri/perma, Con-
taining three feeds: asin Euphorbia. Ap-
plied alfo to the Berry.
THREE-SIDED ftem. Jriqueter caulis. Hav-
ing
—— 3 sine sn
TH TO
ing three plane fides: as in Vio/a tricolor.—
Culm, in Carex.—Leaf, in Anthericum of-
fifragum. Applied alfo to the feape, peti-
ole, peduncle, and pericarp.
THREE-VALVED pericarp. Trivalve peri-
carpium. Opening with three valves: as
in Viola, Polemonium, Ciftus Helianthemum.
Throat. See Faux.
THYRSUS Qvocos, from Yuw, zmpetu feror,
erumpo, to burft forth. Put for branches,
or the flame of a Jamp or torch; which
have a conical form. Hence the {pear
with ivy bound about the head, carried in
facrifices to Bacchus, was named Thyr/is ).
A Thyrfe. Linneus puts it for a fpecies
of inflorefcence ; and explains it to be, a
panicle contracted into an ovate form, as
in Syringa and Peta/ites. Our gardeners
have corrupted this term into Tru/s.
Tip. Dr. Withering’s name for the An-
ther. See Apex.
Tomentosus ( Tomentum, down, nap, cot-
ton, or flocks, from zeyryw; or, as others
Cc3 think,
wr TAs ;
nS By, a SE
es > te en een
a
i
tt 26. — —
SSS catabemraeee
M " ne be
~~ =
aa ae é
» ,
. St
=
‘ig
think, from tumeo, to fwell up; being ufed
to ftuff pillows, bolfters, &c. It is properly
the fhort wool that is not carded and {pun ;
aS att 2 ft
and was applied to the nap on the leaves
of fome plants, which was ufed for the
Ns
fame purpofe. Hence Guaphaiinm trom
yvaparov, which has the fame fignifi-
cation). Tomentofe; or, if we muft
tranflate the term—Downy, Nappy, Cot-
tony, or Flocky. It 1s applied to the
{tem and leaf, when they are covered with
> at “a =
o See = ae
hairs fo interwoven as fcarcely to be dif-
SS
Sone
Cod —
ee
cernible: and 1s a {pecies of pubefcence.
*
iy ® Dies
iY ote
ne PA
he
a, Wn heel
“ 7 ‘J
Me A pe
: i 7
4 has
y 7 4
: : ov
i o AD
“Sie
- a4
, tht oe ae
sth sits Wie
a) Fe
y “4
.
- . - F
vt
- id a
f Ff
el
i Pt:
t .
a (Vet
* Ma
oye
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A | 7 ,
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2. ip &.
‘ oe
: ;
hie}
we
7 ’
vey Ue
pF '
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\-
i thie’
pyr’
i hd
aes
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‘. bias
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: mn
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‘
iS vt
} ,
ot. tll
' ‘|
halhy
,*
Why
eh th
f rh
‘ iT} 4.
’ t,
y ‘
A :
yu ,
}
Ps Bye"
;
- a” il
f
{
It is generally white, as on iea plants, and
re
—~
fuch as grow in expofed fituations. Ex-
N
AW
t
My
;
Se ~
TS
“x awa Ss
> ged ee
emplified alfo in Ceraffium tomentofum,
Origanum Onites, Althea officinalis, Cifius
{NCANUS.
ee e
ToNGUE-SHAPED leaf. Folium linguiforme.
Linear and flefhy, blunt at the end, con-
vex underneath, and ‘haying ufually a
cartilaginous border: as in fome, lees,
Mefembryanthemum linguiforme, Haman-
thus coccinets.
Toothed. See Dentatum.
‘ Toothed
“ ~! ~ s ad
cs - — > : 4 — - - ae
_ = x = Se 7_- * S. & —— — = = a . m5 AL,
paar = ah = — ks 4 =e : A
aS eS . - ed "aA7e a Me 2 =
~ = oe — — mao - — * ——s, z
ae So o a
= 5 a
+.-- oe" By
Se te.
ea”
ol
, - \
is > sa By,
FO
Tosthed a little, or fornewhat toothed. Syb- _
dentatus. Having very few teeth.
Toothietted. Denticulatus.. Having very
{mail teeth. .
Looth-ferrate. Dentato-ferratus.
Tooth-/pined. Dentato-fpinofus : as in Agave.
Top-fhaped. . See Turbinatum,
Torn. _See Lacera.
Torosous. Torofe, protuberant, fwelling
out in knobs; like the veins and muf-
cles. . Applied to fome_ filiques; and
other pericarps, as Lycoperficum, Phyto-
lacca.
Torulofus. Swelling a little.
Torfio (Torqueo, to twitt). Direétio planta
in unam alteramve plagam a verticalj di-
verfam.—Delin. Pl. See Intorfio.
TortTiLis, Tortuous, Tortus. Twitted, or
twitting.-Tortilis arifia. A twifted awn.
Flexa funis infiar. Coiled like a rope.—
Cc4 Tor-
= SPR re Ee x! = — ” :
~ bane tee ty gO eS ee ee em re = = : : ee - bata ee
=< me 4 <= 3 — - - - o— —= = = = == —— —— = — a= = —_ —_ —— ——
~ —pae ae & . = = < _ - =, = — — = =— = =
Me SSS tes — . i ae . Se. He Be eke om par Sn Se : - ~
. s . a 7 - ee oS ae dee o> = —— — r
= 2 ve - : ; . P ah iene) : a So - -
, . a . — ve bs - y 7 . a 4 , - ; ry “
f - - - ~ ~~ “~~ “
7 ; se om :
: - — ~~ ~~ a 4
. ie in . es =
eee at ——
= Bt a ae phate
-— |
. “
. z > = r 4 ie ~
S = : - — er » es ~e ks » x ——
-— . ae 5 rs 2 = da at,» Me e644
{oa — " am. we < r “+ = — moa wept ae Xv
tae a See Ss ¢ ao, = st lays * a2 To . +—ad ra
- te) Bo He : in: a Z ‘ . - Se = Sibe z i =
S75, - 5 Seed eo a eS == eee Se ES
—" — = - —oG ae < = 5 4 = a.
iP eds
SS °
ee es we Ss
~* 2 se
“# - ——_ wee enue
EE ae ee i ee —-
<< =
=“
ae
<8%
So Se
«—
ie
=%, ee
=
=> -
2
eas <
F<
——
By ayn
{
Y
aes
eee +
Soe ee
oe Ser tees
-—
eS
_
@ -
fo ? . - ~
«J » , - - : .
> - ¥ t *--=- - — ~ — - ~ > —— -- = ——a
Pie a a ——_ --+-4 — - —~ —= -- a — —— — s
- a = eee SN. 277-3 “2 - ie
~— = 5 > = =~ =< = > - tw : = -
eee : 3 eee i? s2 en tg OE Se eee eer? See an ie er ae -
SS. - = .~ Seton ~= Poe S ~ ee = aah a, ~ _< = oe 5 eS ~ . =< ~e = ~ Paes 2 =<
aes = Sis pO ey 4 = ms es e s— = ee, ee . Ps —-
ea SSS —= - — ~ ar “ a ee ee gic pe See eed Ss.
a a ee a as ee oe : Se Eee See a ee ne are Bence pS taat 1 SS ;
iy <4 ~ — r i et cose Ls = °
— ~
eS
wr
.
a
fi el Pag OO aX —
= = ‘>... rx Se a a
ee Eee eee s; oes wae
ok Si. a 2 ES eae eee ees ae - >=
7 . ae re = < d eer — 2" vase re a. 2 < =e “=
oO = roZt on ay Sete Se oe > AS - = anedinn
ae a
=: eo
= >
SE ene erate
>
Fe ei ae:
AER ET
a
rage
TR
Tortuofum folium. A twifted leaf: as in
Narciffus major.—T orta or Contorta corolla.
A twifted corolla: asin Nerium, Afclepias,
Vinca.—Tortum legumen. A twitted le-
gume. When the apex is not in the fame
line with the bafe.
TRAGCHES. Air-veffels. Vafa aerem attra-
hentia. Philof. Bot.—Canales /pirales
aéri recipiendo & difiribuendo nati. Regn.
Veg. Spiral channels in vegetables for re-
ceiving and-diftributing air. See Veffels.
Trailing. See Procumbens.
TRANSVERSUM diffepimentum. A Tranf-
verfe partition. The fame with Contra-
yium. At right angles with the valves of
the pericarp, in the filique. Oppofed to
Parallel. See Partition.
TRAPEZIFORME folium. A leaf having the
fhape of a trapezium, or plane figure with
four unequal fides.
Tree. Arbor. A Vegetable with a fingle
woody trunk.—Trees (in Linneus’s Reg-
num
— a ‘
TR
num Vegetabile) occupy the fifth tribe, di-
vifion, or caft of the Vegetable kingdom.
—In the Artificial Syftem they are incor-
porated with herbs that have the fame
character of the fructification. Ray and
Tournefort kept them feparate, but Rivi-
nus had united them before Linneus.
TRIANDRIA ( reer, three, and avn a huf-
band). The name of the third clafs in the
Linnean Syftem, comprehending thofe
plants which bear hermaphrodite flowers
with three ftamens.—The fecond order
Digynia contains moft of the Graffes.
TrrancuLaris caulis. A triangular ftem.
Exnumeroangulorum prominentium. Aftem
is called Triangular, Quadrangular, &c.
from the number of prominent angles. In
thefe terms refpect is had only to the
number of angles.— Trigonus, Tetragonus,
&c. are variations of the cau/is anceps, in
which the angles are fharp, and the fides
not flat.—Trigueter muft have three flat
fides.
Triangulare folium. A triangular leaf.
Cum tres anguli prominentes ambiunt difcum.
| This
i
a 7 hy SF
SS
ah
7. = See Tn Le eee 2 - Se RT bd
eh ee et on - ee ee ee ee a S-a . —_ —— = = — = ———— eS —- =
$= ; Be a , — = See ——— ee
aoe te = =— > : ;: > . et ae a nH 53 Jai oe ae ies ; = ie =
' o “UL - . ~s . - . r= ¥ — 7" Py ._ = “j “
rise Se eee
= Sey
= =
a
.
= =
— =o we —.
5 SS TE ES oe re See
J,
TR
This feems to me an inaccurate expreffion ;
for how aneles can furround’a difk I do
not underitand. J apprehend Linneus to
mean no more, than that every leaf having
three angles in the circumference, is a Tri-
angular leaf, whatever its form may be in
other refpects.
Trispus vegetabilium. ‘Tribes of vegetables,
are reckoned to be three, in Regu. Veg.
1. Monocotyledones, containing Palms,
Corn, and Graffes, Liliaceous plants;
the three firft Gentes or Nations.
2. Dicotyledones, comprifing Herbs and
Trees; the fourth and fifth Nations.
3. Acotyledones, or Cryptogamia: the Ferns,
Mofies, Algas, and Fungufes; which
are the four laft Nations.
_— = pos =~ >
4 = “——
> ~=3 = a
Tricuotomus caulis. A ‘Trichotomous
ftiem. Dividing by threes.—Pedunculus,
asin Marjoram.
Se
= SSS
=o al"
SS rt ees +t
SS
a =
Aw Ah a
a 4
— =
_
——[=S =
Ts
— oa eS
SN hs, eee ¥
Tricocca capfula. A Tricoccous or three-
grained capfule. Swelling out in three
oe
Sere LS
protuberancies, internally divided intothree
cells,
- - > —— pm .
£ pa ae a - i ar oa 2 > ‘ >
eee ee ie. i ee ee = = m= ="
or = = a ee > te ao Po af . ae . -s
= > a : 3 ae “= Se fee = -
= “a -
ots kaa SE AGE ES
ae Pe MEE ‘
ee * 2 a
SSS,
mM ow Se
Eid
~
n Ee en oad —
es ¥ re Se el
e753 x
< —
Sse ee
a
=
Sa
aa
~ —
ee oe
=
Fo a Se
je
ee, ki ~
pa =:
-“e
_
& a7
i
-
ey 3
ee
cells, with one feed in each: asin Euphor-
bia. Hence
Tricocc#, the name of the forty-feventh
order in Linneus’s Fragments, and of the
thirty-eighth in his Natural Orders.
TricuspipAtuM ftamen. A three-cufped
or three-pointed ftamen: asin fome {pe+ |
cies of Allium. See Cuf/pidatum.
Triripus. See Three-cleft, Cleft, and Fiffiun.
TrirLorus pedunculus. A three-flowered
peduncle. Bearing three flowers.
Trig tocais. - See Glchis.
TRIGONUS. See Three-cornered and Trian-
gularis.
TRIGYNIA (7¢8:6; and yury a wife). The
name of the third or der in the firft thirteen
claffes of the Linnean Syftem, except the
firft, fourth, and feventh; including thofe
plants which have three piftils to each
flower.
TrimiraTx® (Three-fcarred, fee Hilum).
The name of the fiftieth order in Lin-
neus S
4
SS sere > es
se eS eS ee
— Spe ene BE Ripon b-23 meee ere ee ee ee SE SS ey — — ——
- =r - = . — = te a = “ = =—— —_—= = == -
eS OS SS ate aS ree wi ky SE e ag Deze 5 - “ << Ae ee
— os : 2 ay ay = oe al A 7
“ t - aa * ae — +. at til
- Js J - 2 a “0, — deitins — ; - . rs rea
4 F > - “44 -— £ De yp , y ar —_, : . ats
ee a = “Se ee. a *. _ 5 7 _
Are i SORE I
e- “ee eee: =
tea Saas
eee aera
eA
a =
<
PE NE CE a tas
.
4
y
BX}.
rt
ih
‘
: rs
‘ats
\ {h
“ee
, Wo
i"
= er ee
SPS a [ae
orn -
< = . “ “2 TAs ae X
Se St X. - 5 eRe -
~< oe oe ° ‘ Oe y at a — 7 See -. *
ms —* a. — - »* ood . ed = ae
- * =e: = = =< - “ > an e
= = ms a as : =. - pe ieee a = fy =<
— Pa ae 7 eee — oo —ee =. = > = (oo at ~~
< = lies ieee =a. - . ns Se a SI ST #% = oe ===> a ae —
(a ; =: CO a a ee ee oe =: - i
- +a Si. aT ae TS SF Se tS i SS SS Ser ae.
~ a ee ee a
TR
neus's Fragments; and of the twenty-third
in his Natural Orders.
Trisucum folium. A Trijugous leaf. A
pinnate leaf with three pairs of leaflets.
Tritozum folium. See Three-lobed.
LeiLocuLare pericarpium. See Three-celled.
TRINERVE folium. A three-nerved leaf.
Having three nerves or unbranched vef-
fels meeting i the bafe of the leaf.
Trinervatum. Having them meeting behind
or beyond (pone) the bafe.
Lriplinerve. In which they meet above
(fupra) or fhort of the bafe.
I muft confefs:that I do not fee how
thefe terms are expreffive of fuch diftinc-
tions; which are given in Term. Bot.—I
fhould have conceived that by the laft of
them we were to underftand, a leaf hav-
ing three-fold nerves, or running three
and three together: and thus Dr. Berken-
hout has explained it.
Tri-
————— + eae
=" e .
i gga ————
’
‘
- R
TRICECIA (rpei¢, and omos @ houfe y: The
name of the third order in the clafs Poly-
gamia; and fignifying that there are her-
maphrodite, male and female flowers of
the fame fpecies on three diftinet indi-
viduals. |
Tripartitus. See Three-parted.
TripETALA corolla. See Three-petalled.
Hence
Tripetalodee. The name of the fixth order
in Linneus’s Fragments ; and of the fifth
in his Natural Orders.
B— >-5 +=
—_ —=s »
a. + - ewe 5 .
* a. . . 7
: rk
ee ers te ey =
—
a
eo ee
Triplinerve. See under Trinerve.
wee ee ee
es
SE ate es
7 * — - *
Triply Compound. See Supradecompoftum.
Triquerer f, Triguetrus caulis—latera tria
plana obtinet.. See Three-fded.
Sa ae
TRI-
TR
TrisPpERMA cap/fula, bacca, See Three-feeded,
TrRITERNATUM folium. A Triternate, or
triply-three-fold leaf. A {pecies of Super-
decompound leaf, when a petiole has
three biternate leaves —Cum petiolus affivit
tria foliola biternata.
TRIVALVE pericarpium. See Three-valved.
TRIVIALIA nomina. Trivial names. The
common or vulgar names for the {pecies
of plants, which added to the name of the
genus, form a complete denomination of
the fpecies. Thefe were invented by
Linneus, and firft ufed in the Paw Suecus;
afterwards in the Species Plantarum, and
- . ” : id Ps - : : <~s £
a> «x mr “4 ey = == rs — = * “aN
es a Pee ae ie eee ; =~ az. * =: ~ —— ~ 5 =)
ae = ~ een a a PP I . —— eee ee = ce -~
= = ~ess SoC aes — ~~ “1, oc ‘ ra ale =. .3- = 75
— af te
. =F
Antecedent to this, what we now call the
Sh aw
Diagnofis or Specific charaéter feems to
have been coniidered as the Specific name,
which fee. |
Tropict Solares flores. ° Tropical Solar
flowers. Mane aperiuntur, & ante vefpe-
ram excluduntur quotidie, fed hora explica-
tionis adfcendit vel defcendit, uti dies adcref-
cit aut -decrefeit ; adeoque obfervant horas
Lurcicas {. inequales.. See V igilia.
TRuN-
TR | TU
Truncatum folium. A Truncate leaf—
Quod linea tranfverfah definit.. Ending in
a tran{verfe line—fo that it feems as if the
tip of the leaf had been cut off. ‘The
Tulip-tree is a remarkable inftance of this.
This term is applied alfo to the Petal—
and to the Ne¢tary, in Narciffus Tazetta.
Truncus. Anciently and in common
Englith, Trunk is put for the ftem, body,
ftock, or bole of a tree: for which Lin-
— a. = ox - =- = ~~ — -— —a
- sy: - . eo ae Ew ng = _
Waele Ss — 5
- 7 = _ = >
.
- wills a a
—s
eee , naa
=
m= Pre “al
— 7 ar
neus ufes the word Caudex. He applies
Truncus to the ftem or main body of vege- 4 q
tables in general; and explains it to be \
ioe
—that which produces the leaves and
fructification ; or the organ multiplying
the plant. The ftem or trunk of herbs he
names Caulis. When it elevates the fruc-
tification, and not the leaves, he calls it
Scapus, Scape or Shaft. The ftem of
Corn and Grafles, having a peculiar ftruc-
ture, he names Czlinus, Culm or Straw.
5 es:
. exes
j=
Se a ee
nak See es
Stipes is the bafe of a Frond; ‘or a ftem
“tT Rss: Tera os
paffing into leaves, or not diftinct from
the leaves. See Svem.
—
aailens _— 2. = ets
ss —
eS As SS >
_
Tuber. A knob, in roots... Solidus parti-
culis indifcretis, Solid, with the compo-
nent
a ee as es 2 SL Ses
-—
: i es
— o a
ww
TU
nent particles all fimilar.—Tt is alfo the
Latin name for the Truffle.
TusercuLuM (dimin. from Tuber), A little
knob, ike a pimple.—Frufificatio conflans
punttis foabris ex pulvere quafi congeftis. A
little knob, or rough point, on the leaves
of fome Lichens, {uppofed to be the fruc-
tification.— Hence fuch are faid to be Tu-
bercled, Tuberculatz.
Tuperosa radix. A Tuberous or knobbed
root. £ partibus carnofis fils baft connexis
confians—f. /ubrotundus corporibus in fafci-
culum colleéiis.—Confifting of roundifh
flefhy bodies, or Tubers, connected into
a bunch by intervening threads. As in
Ponta, Hemerocallis, Filipendula, Jerufa-
lem Artichoke, Potatoe.
Tusuvatuscalyx, Atubularcalyx. Run-
ning into the form of atube.—Applied to
the Corolla, in the clafs Didynamia—and
to the Nectary of Hellebore,
Tusutosus fos. A Tubulous compound
flower, compofed wholly of Tubulous flo-
sets. The fame with Plofulofus flos of
Tour-
Tournefort. . Exemplified in Lan/ey, and
other naked difcous flowers.— Tubulofus
flofculus. A tubulous floret. Having a
bell-fhaped border, with five reflex feg-
ments, rifing from a tube. Thefe are the
regular-fhaped little component flowers in
the difk of Compound flowers: asin the
Sun-flower, Daify, &c.—Tubulofus caulis.
A hollow ftem.— Tubulofum folium. Ahol-
low leaf: as in Owzoz.
Turvus. A Tube or hollow pipe. Put for
- the lower, narrow, hollow part of a mono-
petalous or one-petalled corolla, by which
it is fixed into the receptacle. Vaillant
and Haller call the ftyle Tuba, from its
refemblance to a trumpet.
Tountcatus bulbus. A tunicated or coated
bulb. Tunicis numerofis confians. Com-
pofed of numerous concentric coats; as the
Onion.—Tunicatus caulis. A tunicated
ftem. Membranis veftitus. Clothed with
membranes.
TurpinatuM (Turbo, atop). Turbinate,
or top-fhaped. Dr. Withering tranflates it
Turban-fhaped, which muft furely be a
Dd miftake.
J,
TU
moiftake. Ba/fi anguffatum. Philof. Bot.—
Obver/e conicum. Delim Pl.—Narrowed at
the bafe, or inverfely conical. Shaped
fey te ee a
eM Tt Ss
Re
— oo
SS =~
pC ae
Heo
res,
th
like a boy's top, or a pear. Applied com-
=
pe
monly to the Germ and Pericarp.—Alfo
=
794,2%
eG
Se aor
sew oe
oe
z
<2
nid gs Oe
to the Perianth, as in Gri/lea, Memecyloz
—and to the Nectary, in Narciffus Bulbo-
codiun.
————s + “.
a ees
= Wee
Turcrpum legumen. A Turgid or fwollen
Thought
by fome to be the fame with Inflatum;
but inthe latter! apprehend the pericarp to
.
=~ - Oe OS SS
legume or pod: as in Onontzis.
SS ee ee
[Se a =
sae, — Sora.
a mae Frag Bi |
3 225 ey 7
es, “ = et ai 5
=
J
be in fubf{tance as well as. form fomewhat
7
=
ahs
oe fess et .
= os
St
like a blown bladder; whereas in the
—
=
a
—<
es
former it is merely more {welled out, and
ae
"
} ibyg
rhe fu
* tphed
» 5
has a wider cavity than is ufual.
Tourio (q. terio, guia facile teratur; as tu-
gurium, q. tegurium from tego, or q. tene-
rio from fener.—How Dr. Berkenhout
came to derive it from Tyre, amovice, |
am at.a lofs to conceive). This word i:
ufed by Columella for the extreme twig
or young fhoot ofa tree. I donot find it
in Philof’. Bot.— Termini Botanici — at
Delin. Pl.—Gifeke makes it fynonymous
with Sfo/o.—Dr. Berkenhout fays.it is the
Gemma
TW -
Gemina fo called, by Ludwig; when pro-
ceeding from ‘the root.—Ray, whofe
ideas and expreffions are ever claffical,
fays: Tenella arborum, fruticum aut herba-
rum cacumina, qua/i teneriones ; vel, ut Vof-
fius vult, guia facile teruntur.—\Leers ex-
plains Turiones to be—tenelle plantarum
foboles, verno tempore cum foliis e terra
erumpentes: ut A/paragus, Humulus. 'Yhe
tender fhoots of plants which come up in
the fpring; as in the Afparagus and Hop.
Such are called See
ies ote
Fad ad , ve
ae
et ae & SE
Bees. pe a Ae et ie Z
s — * a st :
? ~~ .
a L* ~ wn
: az
Se
= = Sa es SS = > ~ >
$s SS SE
pea. 8 eel >
SS
t
é
£65 ke bas — —= =
————— - —_—_——_. -
——- = =
TW
Two- parted leaf, perianth. | Bipartitum fo-
lium, perianthium.. Divided in twodown
to the bafe.
‘T'wo-petalled corolla. Dipetaja. Asin Cir-
céa, Commelina.
Two-ranked or Two-rowed. Sce Diftichus,
Two-feeded fruit. Di/permus fruéfus. Con-
taining two feeds.— Di/perma planta. Hav-
ing two feeds to each flower: as in Um-
bellate and Stellate plants.
Two-valved pericarp. . Bivalve. pericarpium.
As in Chelidonium, and all Siliques and
Legumes.—Two-valved glume. G/uma
Bivalvis: as in the calyx and corolla of
moft Graffes.
VAGINA.
Vv
V AGINA. A Sheath, or membrane in-
vefting a {tem. - Hence
VAGINALES. The name of the twenty-
feventh order in Linneus’s Fragments of
a Natural Method in his Philofophia Bo-
t ani Ca.
Vacinans folium,. A Sheathing leaf. See
’ Sheathing.
Vacinatus caulis. A Sheathed ftem. See
Sheathed.
Vatva ft. VaLvuLA. A Valve, Valvelet,
or Valvule. But there feems to be no oc
cation to ufe the diminutives in Englith ;
for Linneus makes no diftinétion between
valva and valvula. ~He ufes valvula cap-
fila, and valva glume; but morefrequent-
ly the diminutive.—V alvula—paries- quo
frudlus tegitur externe. The outer coat,
{hell er covering of a capfule or other peri-
carp; or the feveral pieces which com-
There feems to be an impropri-
pole it.
Dd4 ety
VA
ety mm explaining valvula by paries: it is
rather the door or opening by which the
feeds are to. go out or efcape. Ifa peri-
carp 1s entire, it is faid to be univalve, or
to confift of one valve. If it is divided,
according to the number of pieces or di-
vifions, it is called bivalve or two-valved;
trivalve or three-valved, &c.
The leaflets compofing the calyx and
corolla in Graffes are alfo named Va/ves -
as are alfo the fubftances or feales which
clofe the tube in fome flowers: as in
Wied gat Sy ann
Borage and other A/perifolia.
Valvatum petalum. A valved petal. Refem-
bling the glume in Graffes,
Varieras, A Variety. Ef planta mutate
a caufa accidentalii—Vurietates tot funt,
quot diferentes plante ex ejufdem fpecici
Jfemine- funt producte.—Species varietatum
funt, Magnitudo, Plenitudo, Crifpatio,
Color, Sapor, Odor.—Philof, Bot. —A
plant changed by fome accidental caufe.
There are as many Varieties as there are
different plants produced from the feed of
the
ate
4 .
Hes
i
Hi
i 1 | {
f
i 4
-- ee,
‘ea
S z
_
- bw
VA
the fame fpecies.—Varieties are Size,
Fulne/s, Curling, Colour, Tafte, and Smell.
In Delin. Pl. it is expreffed more fully ;
thus—Variation is a change in fome lIefs
effential part or quality; as colour, fize,
pubefcence, or age.—Externally ; by the
plaiting or interweaving of the branches—
by bundling or uniting of feveral {talks into
one broad flat one—by the greater breadth,
or narrownefs, or curling of leaves—by
becoming awnleis, or {mooth, or hirfute.
Internally ; by. becoming mutilated in
the corolla; or having one larger than or-
dinary—by luxuriancy, multiplication, or
fulnefs—by becoming proliferous, of
crefted—by bearing bulbs inftead of feeds
—or by being viviparous.
The ufual caufes of Variation are, Cli-
mate, Soil, Expofure, Heat, Cold, Winds,
Culture.
Vasa. Veftels.—Conftant Vegetabilia triph-
cibus Vafis. 1. Succofa Hguorem vebunt.
2. Utriculi® alveolis fuccum confervant.
3. Trachex aérem attrabunt. Philof Bot.
| In
we mae ee ee a -
a Saw ee he ea 2 —
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+ " a a =e - >
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— s Pu -
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ee ee eee ae
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- -
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7
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SS ‘
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=
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se
a |
ri
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ed
Sta sete
ee ee LF Sa
a= =——
VA VE
In Regn. Veg. it ftands thus—
Vafa canales fuccis per cos promovendis re-
pleti, plerumque recti.
Trachez canales fpirales aéri recipiendo &
difiribuendo nati.
Utriculi, facculi pulpa utplurimum viridi
pleni, vaforum interftitia explentes.
Here Va/ais.put for the Succiferous: veffels
only, See Veffels,
VAULTED. Fornicatus. Arched like the roof
of the mouth : as the upper lip of many
Ringent flowers ;. in» Aconife, &e.
VEGETABILE. A Vegetable.—Vita compo-
Jfita, abfque motu voluntario.. Regn, Veg.
—Compound life, without voluntary mo-
tion.—Otherwife defined to be—an Or-
ganical body, which draws in its nourifh-
ment by pores or veffels on its outer fur-
face.—Or, an Organical body deftitute of
fenfe and /pontancous motion, adhering to
{ome other body in fuch a manner as to
draw from it nourifhment, and having
the power of propagating itfelf by feed.
The
a
VE
The primary parts of a Vegetable are—
1. The Root.. 2. The Herb. 3. The
Fructification.
Vegetable Kingdom. ‘The fecond of the three
great divifions of natural bodies, compre-
hending all thofe fubftances which are
organized and have life,-but are deftitute
of fenfe and fpontaneous motion, Lin-
neus diftributes vegetables into three
Tribes, feven Families, or nine Nations.
In his ‘Artificial Syftem he arranges them
in twenty-five clafles. He has alfo made
an eflay to reduce them into Natural
Orders.
= 7 ' ry - a . = = "4 - a t
Soar
at
[eS
Se er
\) Sere
Vegetable Subftance. See Subfiantia.
a
Vegetable Texture. See Lextura.
rare
a - -e
Yate
Veil, See Calyptra,
qrteerenenss
VenosuM folium. A Veined leaf. Having
the veffels branching, or varioufly divided,
~~ +
SSS SS
over the furface.
When it has no veins, at leaft none
that are perceptible to the naked eye, it 1s
called Folium Avenium, a veinlefs leaf.
VEN-
smn,
4
Nt ii
:
a
1h }
t
!
- -
4 :
ae
4
: a |
[ {
|
rat ’ 4
>
5 aa
sy
4
i de
: ‘7
a i i)
; a AS
: any
i] \ *
wig
ae
é .' bitte
€ ar ie
thi BY
Hy ‘ :
;
VE
Venrricosus. Ventricofe. Bellied. Dif-
tended. Swelling out in the middle.
Ventricofa [pica: alateribus gibba. Swelling
out at the fides.—Applied to the Perianth,
in A¢/culus——and to the Corolla, in Digi-
talis.
Ventriculofus. Swelling out a little: asthe
perianth of Salicornia.
VEpPRECUL& (from Vepres, a brier). The
name of the fifty-fourth order in Lin-
neuss Fragments, and of the thirty-firft
in his Natural Orders.
VERNATIO (from, Ver, the Spring). See
Foliatio, which 1s the term in Philof, Bot.
for which this 1s fubftituted in Term. Bor.
and Delin. P/.—In the two latter Rec/ina-
tion is omitted, and there is fome diftfer-
ence in the explanations.
Verrucosa capfula. A warted capfule.
Having little knobs or warts on the fur-
face. As in Euphorbia verrucofa—Verru-
cofum folium. A Warted leaf. Teé#um
punctis carnofis. Covered with flefhy
points. The fame with Papillofum.
VER-
VE
VERSATILIS (Verto, to turn) anthera. A
Verfatile anther. Dr. Withering tranf-
lates it Vane-lhke. -. Que latere affigitur.
Which is placed on the filament by its
fide. Oppofed to Erefa, Upright, which
is fixed by its bafe. Philof. Bot.—In
Delin. P/,—it is explained more fully thus
—Parte fui affixa, ceterum libere mobilis.
Fixed by fome part, but freely moveable.
It is there made fynonymous with
Incumbens. See Incumbent.—Exemplified
in Vitex, Linnea, Geranium.
VERTICALE folium. n 7 = ‘ "
aa er ~
ee ES.
ee. cee
aes - s—
—_
Nat ad
—————
rates 5.
~~.
aS Te
ay
a et
= =
rok
gee ee eee eS a i
Sw, Ht Se Sie ease
——
—" 3 BBs Tt oa
wae OO ibe = br! BaP eee.
z=
———
=~ lg bet 2 Skee Set See
o
a
U
ie
ra
VE
included im the fifty-erghth order of Lin-
neuss Fragments; and the forty-fecond
of his Natural Orders. In the Artificial
Syftem, they form the order Gymnofpermia
of the clafs Didynamia. They alfo con-
ftitute one of Ray's claffes.
Vesreutaris (Veficula, a little bladder)
Scabrities. Veficular or bladdery rugged-
nefs. Having little glands like bladders
on the furface: as on the Jeaves of Me/em-
bryanthemum, Aizoon, Tetragonia, &c,—
it is applied alfo in common language, to
the pulp of the Orange, Lemon, &c.
Vessers. Vafa—are, 1. Succiferous or Sap
veffels. Canals commonly ftraight, and of
a very {mall bore, for conveying the li-
quor, juices, or fap of the vegetable.
Thefe are called Vafa (nar eZ oyyy) in
Deilin. Pl.
2. Utricles, or little Bags; ufually full of
a green pulp, filling up the interftices
of the veffels, and ferving as refervoirs
wherein the fap is lodged and perhaps
fecreted.
3. Air veffils. Trachezx. Spiral Canals,
ufually
-_——+r - —
|
|
VE Vi |
ufually of a larger bore, for receiving |
and diftributing the air. |
On this fubject fee the learned
Grew's incomparable treatife on the
Anatomy of Vegetables.
— a. . _ ~ —
2 “
_ a . oP.
a ee mrt mal ~~
Rl ae ID + ee A BS Ses $ RP tr de > ee Dt 1 ee. cr
VeExILLUM. Standard or Banner. Petalum
on
corolla papilionacee fuperius adjcenaens ;
alis carineque incumbens.
Vicit1# plantarum f. florum. Status fioris
aperti. The ftate of. the open flower.—
Ab/olvuntur determinatis boris diei, quibus
planta flores quotidie aperiunt, expandunt
€? claudunt. Thefe Vigiliz or Watchings
are performed at determined hours of the
day, when plants open, expand, and fhut
.
ee eee ee
——~
their flowers daily.
|
Linneus calls thofe flowers which ob- |
ferve this ftated rule of opening and fhut- i
ting, Solar flowers; and divides them |
into three kinds.— |
1. Meteorici. Opening and fhutting foon-
er or later, according to the tempera-
ture of the air.
Ee 2. lro.
Vi
2. Tropici, or Tropical Solar flowers.
Opening and fhutting fooner or later
as the days increafe or decreafe; and
therefore obferving the unequal or
Turkith hours.
3. Atquinociiales, or Equinoétial Solar
flowers. Opening, and ufually fhut-
ting at certain determinate hours of
the day ; and therefore obferving equal
or European hours.
Linneus has given a table of thefe, with
fome obfervations, in Philof. Bot. p. 273.
Vittosus. ~— Villofe. Pilis mollibus pu-
befcens. Pubefcent or covered with {oft
hairs. As the ftem in Tomex and Rhus.
The leaf in Ulex europaeus or Furze, Pri-
mula villofa, &c. The ftigma.
Vitvus (from paadros—or a velando—or a
vellendo—or from sAAw for seAo—or from
pilus—or from vinnus, cincinnus molliter
flexus—fuch is thé uncertainty of deriva-
tion). It is interpreted—pili colleé#i, ac
flocet veftium ; colleGed hairs, the pile or
nap of cloth.—In Linneus’s idea, it feems
to
Vi
to be foft clofe hairs, forming a fine nap
or pile like velvet.
VimEN (a viendo, from binding). Virgul-
tum lentum ac flexile, ad ligandum aptum.
A bending Twig or Wythe: flender and
flexible, fit for binding.
Vinaceum. Granum acine, yyaglo. A
Grape-ftone. Viol fhaped. See Pan-
duraforme.
Vircatus (Virga a rod, or wand) caulis.
A rod-like or wand like {tem or branch.
— Ramu/fculis debilibus in aequalibus. Shoot-
ing forth flender weak unequal rods or
twigs: as in Artemifia campefiris.
VircuLttum (q. Virguletum, a Virgula,
dimin. a virga). Small twigs or Brufh-
wood. Otherwife called Cremium, a cre-
mando, from burning.
ViscipuM (Vifcum{. Vifcus, Birdlime: from
Biouos Lol. pro i%o>) folium. fA Vifcid or
clammy leaf. Humore non fiuido fed tenact
oblinitum. Covered or befmeared with a
tenacious juice: as in Senecio vifcofus.
Applied alfo to the Stem.
Ee2 Vis-
SE Sa Rs Pe ek oe A BS
8S Oo ee eS 2 =.
VI UM
Viscositas. Vifcidityor Clamminefs. The
quality of tenacious moifture,
Se
. —-
. ——————=
a a es ee
Vivipara planta. Vivipirus caulis A Vi-
viparous plant or ftem. Producing its
ofispring alive: either by bulbs inftead of
feeds ; or by the feeds themfelves germi-
nating on the plant, inftead of falling as
they ufually do.—Exemplified in fome
forts of Allium, in Polygonum viviparum,
and feveral of the Gra/fes.
rae
Umeerra. An Umbel. Withering tranf-
Jates it the Rundle. Receptaculum ex cen-
tro eodem elongatum in pedunculos SJiliformes
proportionatos.. A receptacle ftretching out
mto filiform proportioned peduncles from
the fame centre. - See Corymb.—It is
1. Simple or undivided ; asin Panax.
|
:
if
-
5
3. Compound: each peduncle bearing
another little umbel, umbellet, or um-
bellule.—The firft or larger fet of rays
conitituting the univerfal or general
umbel; the fecond or fubordinate fet
conftituting the partial umbel. Dr.
Withering puts Spokes for what Lin-
neus calls Radii. —
-
24
:
~ ee a
« = ~
eS eee
Se ee
3. Pro-
- = “= «
; . ~~ ' . ™ "a
4 “ ¥ ,
~ : nates
{ ae AEA Shut
— Aus
UM
3. Proliferous or {uperdecompound.
An Umbel alfo is
1, Concave. 2. Convex. 3. Faftigiate,
or rifing gradually like the roof of a
houfe.
It is alfo either
1. Ere&; or, 2. Nodding.
Flowers growing in this manner are
called Umbellati, Umbellate or Umbelled
flowers; by old authors Unmbelliferous,
Hence
UMBELLAT&. The name of the twenty-
fecond order in Linneus’s Fragments;
and of the forty-fifth in his Natural Or-
ders. Included in the fecond order of
the fifth clafs; in the Artificial Syttem.
This order is called by Ray and others
Umbelifera ; by Ceefalpinus Ferulacez.
UmMBELLULA, An Umbellule or Umbellet,
The fame with the Partial umbel. Rund-
let of Withering.
Umesrttcus. The Navel. Ufed for ‘the
cavity at the end of fome-fruits oppofite
ot
to
§
i
f
.
5
(
j
'
eae eo ee Ee eee
UM UN
to the footftalk. ‘It is the place of the
receptacle in fuperior flowers, and is
commonly furrounded by the remains of
the calyx: as in Pyrus.
It is fometimes applied to the centre of
a corolla; asin Browallia.
Umbilicatus flos, fructus. An umbilicate
flower or fruit. Formed in the middle
like a navel.
Unaneuratus canis. A ftem of one
angle: as in Iris fetidiffima.
UNARMED. Inermis. Without thorns or
prickles. Applied to the ftem, leaf, and
calyx.
:
’
\
f
7 Mi |
A
!
Uncinatus. Uncinate. Hooked at the
end. As the awn of the feed in Geum
urbanum; and the ftigma in Viola, Lan-
tana, &c. This term is ufed, but not
explained by Linneus. In what it dif-
fers from hamofus | know not.
Ss -
~~ # .
> 4 ad ~
;
a eS eo ere ese
Unvarus, Undulatus. Waved. The fur-
face rifing and falling in waves, or obtufe-
ly; not in angles.—Applied to the leaf
In
—<
a. 1
ee eet
in Potamogeton crifpum; and to the corol- |
la, in Gloriofa. |
Linneus, in Philof: Bot. has only the |
fecond of thefe terms, which he applies
to a leaf thus—folium undulatum fit, cum
difcus ver fus marginem convexe adfcendit
& de/cendit.—In Term. Bot. we meet only
with the firft, thus explained—di/co plicis
obtufis alternatim flexo.—In Delin. Pl.
both terms occur. But I do not appre-~
a ne lee ee cet ee ewer = Sl ees et
hend that they are ufed in different fenfes
ee ee eee
any more than patens and patula, valva
and valvula, &c.
Unpersurus. See Suffrutex.
. UNEQUAL. In@quaits.. The parts not cor-
refponding in fize, but in proportion only. |
Applied to the corolla; and to the florets |
in many of the Umbellate. |
Uncuicuraris menfura {. Ungus. A
meafure of fix lines, or half a French
inch.
UNGUICULATUM fetalum. A petal with
a claw.
UnN-
UN
Uncuis. See Mea/ures—A Claw. The
bafe of the petal in a polypetalous co-
rolla.
Uneuata filicula. A Hoof-fhaped filicle :
as in Ro/fe of Jericho.
UNICAPSULARE pericarpium, A Unicapfu-
lar pericarp. Having one capfule to each
flower.
Unicus. Oneonly, fingle. Unicum folium:
A fingle leaf on a ftem —Unicus flos, fy-
nonymous with /olitarius in Delin. Pi.
Pedunculus folitarius, gui unicus eft in loco.
Philof. Bot. See Single.
Untrtorus pedunculus. A one-flowered
peduncle.
Univasiata corolla. A one-lipped corolla,
or a corolla of one lip.
UNILATERALIS = racemus. A one-fided
raceme. When the flowers grow only
on one fide of the common peduncle.
UNILocCULARE pericarpium. A unilocular
or one-celled pericarp—or of one cell.
Uni-
—
an
UN 0 T
UNIVALVE pericarpium. A univalvular or
one-valved pericarp.
Universais umbel/a. A univerfal, rather
general, or primary umbel.—Univer fale
suvolucrum. A Univerfal involucre. Pla-
ced at the foot of the univerfal umbel.
Votva (The Rufile, Withering). The
membranaceous calyx of a Fungus.—This
‘5 {aid to be—Approximating when it 1s
near the cap. Kemofe, when at a diftance.
Voxusitis. Twining: which fee.
Upricut or Erect. Erecius. See Ered.
UrcEoLatTus. Pitcher-fhaped. Urceoli {.
pelvis infiar inflatus €P undique gibbus.
Bellying out like a pitcher. Applied te
the calyx, corolla, and ne¢tary.
Urens. Stinging, or armed with ftings.
Urricuri (dimin. from Uter, a wine bag
or bottle). Utricles. Refervoirs to {e-
crete and receive the fap. See Veffels.
Alfo the bags of bladders at the root
of Utricularia.
Ff “WAKING
- et
W AKING or Watching of plants. See
Vigilia.
Wand-like or Rod-like ftem. See Virgatus,
Warted. See Verrucofa.
Waved. See Undatus.
Weapons. See Arms.
WEDGE-SHAPED leaf. Folinm cuneiforme.
Having the longitudinal diameter exceed-
ing the tranfverfe one, and narrowing
gradually downwards: as in Apium gra~
veolens, Saxifraga tridaciylites. |
WHEEL-sHAPED corolla. Rotata. Mono-
petalous, and expanded flat without any
' tube,
Watrzi, Wherl, or Whorl. See Vista Tus.
Wines. Alz. The two fide petals in a
P
_, papulionaceous corolla.—Al{o, membranes
affixed to the feed,
Winged
tas ra oe Seer nati ad
\ aia }
ch
a —
Wi WR |
Winged petiole.....Alatus. Having a thin
membrane or border on each, fide : .or.. dj-
lated on the fides: asin Orange. —W. inged
leaf.» See Pinnatum.
WITHERING or Shrivelling. Decaying
without falling off. See Marce/cens.
§ Woop. Lignum. The folid part of the
; trunk, formed gradually from the inner
bark of the preceding year, become juice-
lefs, hardened, and agelutinated.
\ Woody ftems. Oppofed to herbaceous.
Woot.) Lana. Acfort of pubéfeerice, ‘or
a clothing of denfe curling hairs on» the
{urface of fome plants.
Woolly. Lanatus. Clothed with a pubef-
cence refembling wool: as the leaves of
Horehound, Great Maullein, Furze, &c.
See Lanatus.
Woollyith, or fomewhat woolly. Subla-
natus.
WRINKLED. See Rugofum.
WRITHED.
ss te
a
=
= =
ee
_ a =
SS
—
>
Se =
wi
yf
iw
’
4
cet
™~
ee ee oe - ™
ee ee Se
—— at
“WA —-—
ns
Fr “|
Sate a
WR ZI
Warrien. Contortuplicatus. ‘Twifted very
much. See Tortilis—I perceive this word
to be confounded even by refpectable
writers, in orthography at -leaft, with
Wreathed, which is of very different 1m-
port.
Wryrue, or Withe. - See Vimen.
ZL
LIGZAG, or Ziczac. Ufed by fome En-
glith writers for Flexuofe; which fee.
THE END.
T. Benficy, Printer, CME a npyiaay oe a
Bolt Court, Floet Street, Londos,
ae oa
MoGILL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
QKS M3 B-—-Wood
Martyn, Thomas,
The language of botany
N/5M3B613 71346061