mmmm 
 
V 
 
 
 jyjonniou 
 
 Barfutf ^ 
 
 WJpmMUte/mxs'i v 
 
 Cf *7 y J 
 
 ^jfru’ >:<zf a tin:r/AyJ£ 
 
 Buttons Bayc, 
 ■* ♦ 
 
 •* , **^*»> 
 
 FrobifnerS Streuj(its 
 
 (~j nr £*» t'ii is if ft 
 
 C&pi t)ejofatun\ 
 
 Frezel«tnd 
 
 f/^JHE PLATT 
 
 'OF SAY LING FOR\ 
 
 the d tSCQveiye of 
 
 \ a.Ta.&'iqe into tfie , 
 k\ S cut n Sen. /j 
 
 (fHmnrtta Mena 
 
 Mmuwvi 
 
 t HW4e s 
 
 Eiw/ait' 
 
 o _ 
 
THE 
 
 STRANGE 
 
 AND DANGt 
 
 ROVS VOYAGE OF 
 
 Captaine Thomas Iames, in 
 
 his intended Difcouery of theNorthweft 
 Paflage into the South Sea. 
 
 WHEREIN 
 
 THE MISERIES INDVRED BOTH 
 Going, Wintering, Returning-, and the Rarities 
 obferued, both Phtlofbphicalfa nd Mathematical!) 
 arc related in this Iournall of ir. 1 
 
 Piiblifhed by His Maiesties 
 
 command. 
 
 To which are added, A Plat or Card for the 
 Sayling in thofe Seas. 
 
 Diuerslittle Tables of the Author’s, of the Va- 
 riation of the Compafle,&c. 
 
 WITH 
 
 An Appendix concerning Longitude, by Matter 
 Henry Gelli brand Aftronomy Reader 
 of Grcjham Col J edge in London. 
 
 .Ay D 
 
 An Aduife concerning the Philofophy of thefc late 
 Difcoueryes, By w. w. 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed by lohn Legatt , for lohn Partridge. 
 
 * 6 ib 
 
TO THE KINGS MOST 
 
 excellent and Sacred 
 
 Maiestie, 
 lMoJI dread Soueraigne , 
 
 Hat my vnskilfull felfc was made 
 choyce of for this imployment, 
 and my vndertaking in it encoura- 
 ged by Your gracious commande- 
 ment; I muft euer account of for 
 the greateft honour , that euer yet 
 befell mee. Many a Stosmc, and 
 Rocke, and Mift, and Wind, andTyde, and Sea, and 
 Mount of Ice, haue I in this Difcouery encountred 
 withallj Many adefpaire and death had, almoft, ouer- 
 whelmed mee; but ftill the remembrance of the Ac- 
 compt that I was to giue of it to fo gracious a Maiefty, 
 put me in heart againc; made mee not to giue way to 
 mine owne feares,or the infirmities of humanitie. Your 
 Majcftie in my employment ('like a true Father of your 
 Countrey ) intended the good of your Subje&s: and 
 who is not bound to blefie God for your Royallcare 
 in it f Had it, now, beene my fortune, to haue done my 
 Countrey this fcruice , as to haue brought home the 
 newes of this fuppofed and long fought for Paflage ; 
 
 IT 3 then 
 
then fhould the Merchant haueenjoyed the fwcetoefle 
 of the hoped profit, and theSubjed hauebecne fenfible 
 of the benefit of your Majcfties royall intentions in ir. 
 I haue’donemy goodwillin itsand.though not brought 
 home that nevves, yet fhall I here divulge rhofeobfer- 
 uations , which may (I hope) become fome way bene- 
 ficial! vnto my Countrey. The Accompt of them, I 
 here, in all humilitie , offer vnto your mod Iudicious, 
 Majefty. Your gracious acceptance of what I had 
 done, though I had not done what was expeded, enr- 
 boldeneth me to doe fo : and fince your Majeftie was 
 pleafed to fignifie your defires , of hauing a Briefeof 
 my Voyage prefented vnto you : that word became a 
 Command vnto mee, to draw this rude Abftradof ir. 
 Your Majeftie will pleafe to confider , That they were 
 rough elements, which I had to doe withall : and will, 
 with fauour, vouchfafe to pardon , if a Sea-mans ftyle 
 be like what he moft conucrfeth with. In the plainc- 
 nefle therefore of well-meaning, fince your Majeftie 
 hath bcene fo gracious to mee , as to appoint mee your 
 Seruant , I am now bound to vow you my feruice: and 
 it fhall be my honour to be commanded it : and I fhall 
 account no dangers too great , in the going thorow ir. 
 Thefe are the refolutions of 
 
 Tour Majesties htimblejl Subject 
 and Serum, 
 
To my worthy friend and fellow- 
 
 Templar Captaine Iames, 
 
 fjaue pern fed your lour nail, locontr 
 mend it, were to dijpraife it ; Good 
 wine needs no Enfigne : Mos eftfe- 
 da coloribus abdere : yet this Imufi 
 needs fay , you haue Reived your felfe 
 to be a Master of your Art . . The 
 * worth of a Warrier and Pylot is * Miles in a dc 
 neuer difeouered but in ftormes and skirmifhes , and^^f' 
 bow man y skirmifhes of ftormes and temp efts you haue rempeftatedig* 
 paf , this Iournall of yours doth fuffciently vtanifefi : Coe no ' citur< 
 on then, and us you hauebegun we/l , fo when any good ec- 
 cafion is off ered fecond your good beginnings withfutable 
 proceedings : and let not the cold entertainment you haue 
 had in the frozen Seas freeze >vp your afettions in vn~ 
 dertaking other worthy employments. So may you deferue, 
 with Columbus, Drake , and Frobufher , to haue the 
 remembrance of youfmell fweetly in the nodrils of po - 
 feritie, when you are in the dufi. Farewell, 
 
 From the Inner Temple* 
 
 Thomas Nash. 
 
T Hc Printer defire* to be exceed (0 the Courteous Reader, if in an 
 Argument of this Nature* the Compofiter, not throughly acquainted 
 with termes of Nauigatio^hath fometimes, which he fearctb, and in fomc 
 words miitakcn the Authors mindejasin / lowed, for flood See. promifing 
 * future amends^ if Occafjon profer it fclfc ) by a more cxa& Imprcflion. 
 
 Farewell. 
 
 
I 
 
 THE 
 
 PREPARATIONS TO 
 
 THE VOYAGE. 
 
 Auingbin for many yeeres impor 
 tuned , by my Honorable and \ vor- 
 fhipfull friends ; to undertake the 
 difeouery of that part of, the world \ 
 which is commonly called The 
 North- weft Paftage into the 
 South Sea 5 and fo toproceedto 
 Japan, and to round the world to 
 the Wefiward ; Being prejl forward withall , by fignify- 
 ing to mce the earnefl defire the Kings mojl excellent Ma- 
 te site had , to be fat lifted therein : 1 acquainted my much 
 Honoured friends the Merchants of Briftoll therewith : 
 who as euer they haue bin Benefactors and Aduancers of 
 them that purfue the wayes of Honour : together with the 
 enlargement and benefit of his Maiesties Kingdomes: did 
 freely offer to bee at the charge of furnifhing forth (hip- 
 ping for this purpofe. K^indnow being thus enabled, / 
 addrefi my felfe to the Honourable Sir Thomas Roe, 
 Knight (as to a learned , and furthest employed traueller 
 
 C-Al by 
 
The Preparations to the Voyage. 
 
 i, Su and Lund, this dapn England ) who UjMj 
 tented theirs and mine eivne voluntary willmgnefe,to doe 
 bis Maie flies S entice inthiskinde : whomofi gractoufly 
 accepted of the offer, and encouraged mee by manyfauours 
 in my make vndertakmgs. Wherefore with all feed Icon- 
 tnued in my mind, the beft modell l could-jvherby I might 
 effect my defigne. The Adventurers monies were instant- 
 ly ready, and put into aTreafurers hand: that there mighty 
 he no want of prefent pay, for any thing I thought neccf. 
 fary for the Voyage. 
 
 I was euer of the opinion , that this particular action 
 might he better effected by one jhip,thenby two conforted: 
 becaufe in thofe Icie Seas , fomuch fubieci to fogs , they 
 might be cafily feparated l f or bear e to fleake of formes 
 and other accidents : as that a Rendezvous in difcoueries, 
 cannot furcly , or without mu ch hinder ance b e appointed . 
 and that fleedy perfcuerancc is the life offuch a bufmcffe . 
 Wherefore I refolued to haue hut one Ship, the Ship-boate, 
 and a Shallop. 
 
 o/ nr eat Ship (as by former experience I had found ) 
 wasvnfit to be fore dthorow the Ice : wherefore I made 
 choice of a well-conditioned, frong Ship, of the burthen 
 of feuentie Tunne : and in God and that only S hip, to put 
 the hope of my future fortunes. 
 
 The Ship refolued vpon , and that in leffe time then 
 1 8 . moneths our voyage could not be effected: I next con- 
 fidered how our Ship of feuentie 7 nns in bulke and weight 
 might now be proportioned • in victuals, namely, and other 
 nece ffaries : thh was all done, as contraciedly as we could: 
 and the number of men it would feme, at ordinary allow- 
 ance, for theforementioned time ; was found to be twenty 
 two, a [mail number to per forme fuck a bufneffe , yet 
 
 double 
 
The Preparations to the Voyage. 
 
 double fufficient to fayle the Ship, with prouident care- 
 fulnefe. 
 
 The Baker, 'Brewer, Butcher, and others, undertake their 
 Offices upon their credits ; knowing it to be a getter all bn- 
 fineffe, and their utter undoing if they fay led in perfor- 
 mance, but truly they prooned themfelues Masters in their 
 Arts ; and hone my praife for their honcjl care : in them 
 confuting a great part of the performance of the uoyage. 
 
 The Carpenters goe in hand with the Ship : to make 
 her as ft r eng and feruiceable , as poftmy rn their under- 
 fundings they could. 
 
 Euery thing being duly proportioned , and my fmaft 
 number of men knowne , 1 began to thinke of the quality 
 and abihtiethey jhould be of. 
 
 ■ Voluntary loy ter ers I at fr ft dtf claimed, and publijhed 
 I would haue all unmarried, approoued, able, and healthy 
 Sea-men : in a few dayes an abundant number prefented 
 themfelues 5 furnifhedwith generall fuffciencie in ma- 
 rine occaftons 3 Ifirft made choice of a Boate-fwayne ; 
 and fome to worke with him, for fitting the rigging of the 
 Ship : and as things went forward, fhipt the iiibordinatc 
 Crue ; and all things being perfectly ready, I fhipt the 
 Matters mates, and laft of all, the Matter of my Ship, 
 and my Liefetenant. The whole company were ft rangers 
 to me, and to each other (as by way of familiantie) but 
 yet priuately recommended by worthy Merchants for their 
 abilitie and faithfulneffe. I was fought to by diuers, that 
 had bin in places of the c hie fell command in this attion 
 formerly j and others alfo that hadufed the Northerly 
 JcieSeas: but I utterly refufed them all, and would by 
 no meanes haue any with rnee that had bin in the like uoy- 
 stge, or aduentures , for fome priuate reafons vnneceffary 
 
 A 2 here 
 
The Preparations to the Voyage. 
 here to be related ; keeping thus the power in my owns 
 hands I had all the men to acknowledge immediate 
 dependance vponmy felfe alone ; both for direction and 
 dtjpofingof all , as well of the Nauigation , as all other 
 things whatfoeuer. 
 
 in the meane time , the better to Jlrengthen my former 
 Jludies in this bufmeffe, ifeeke after Journals, Plot s, 
 Difcourfesj orwhat-euer elfe might hclpe my vnder- 
 (landing. 
 
 I fet skilfulltvorkemen to make me Quadrants, Staues, 
 Semicircles, &c. as much , namely , as concerne the Fa - 
 bricke of them : not trufting to their Mechannicke hands , 
 to diuide them-, but had them diuided by an ingenious 
 practitioner in the Mathematicks. I likewife had Com- 
 pafle-needles made after the moft reaf mablefi andtrueH 
 wayesthat could be thought on : and by thefrjl of April, 
 cuery thing was ready to be put together into our hopefull 
 Ship. 
 
 In the meane (pace,! made a lourney vp to London, to 
 know his Matejlies further pleafure j and to make knowne 
 to him my readme ffe : who calling for the for ementioned 
 Honourable K night, I Jpeedily after receiued his Maiefties 
 Roy all Letters j with direftions for proceeding in my voy- 
 age, and my difeharge : whereupon I hadfoorth the Ship 
 into the Rode, expelling a fair e winde to begin the voyage. 
 
J 
 
 A Voyage for the difcouering 
 
 a Pafiage to the South Sea. 
 
 H e fccond of UMay , 1 6 yi. I tooke 2, 
 ' my leauc of the W orlhipfull Merchant 
 Aduenturcrs in this A&ion, in the Citic 
 of Briftoll: and being accompanied with 
 aReuercnd Diuine, one Matter 
 Painter , and diuers of the Merchants, 
 with others of my kindred and natiue 
 
 Countrcy -men; I repaired aboord. Here 
 
 Matter Palmer made a Sermon : exhorting vs to continue 
 brotherly loucamongft vs, and to be bold wprofeffe the true 
 Chriflian Religion where-eucr we ftionld happen, m this our 
 perigrination. After they had receiued fuch entertainment, 
 asmyeftatecouldaffoord them ; they departed fot rtjlo . 
 
 This afternoone , I made reuiew of all things ; alwell ot 
 clothes, and other neceflaries, as of victuals; and where there 
 was found any want, wee were prefently furmlhed. 
 
 The third of CMay ( after Prayer for a prof perous fuccefle 5 . 
 
 to our endeauours ) about three a clocke in the afternoone we 
 camctoSayle: and Stode downe the Channell 
 with little winde, butflowly gotforwat . d . to * e leftward 
 of Lmdte ; and then the winde oppofedit felfe fo ihon 0 Iy 
 againft vs , that wee were driuen to beare yp and come to an 
 Anker in ZWre-Rodc the fifth in the euemng ; where we re- 
 mained vntill the eighth in the morning. Now hoping the 
 Winde would fauour vs, wee came to Sayle; but wee wuc 
 forc'd to put into CMtlford: where we came to an Ameer 
 
 I 
 
6 
 
 Mity a a. 
 Tune 4 . 
 
 5 . 
 
 Voyage for the dtfcouenng 
 
 about mid-night. Here wc remained till the feuenteenth in 
 the morning ; when with the firft fauouring winde, wc pro- 
 ceeded and doubled about Cape Cl-eere of Ireland. The two 
 and twentieth we were in Latitude 5 1 : 26. and the Blairs 
 did bearc of vs North-caft, about twelue leagues off : which 
 B l aikes is in Lat. 52.4. Here I ordred the courfe that fhould 
 bee kept : which was generally Weft North-weft , as the 
 winde would giue leaue : which in this Courfe and diflance, 
 is very variable and vneonftant. The fourth of Trine we made 
 the land of Cjroynland t (landing in with it to haaeknowledge 
 of the trending of it ; It prooued very thicke foule weather; 
 and the next day, by two a clocke in the morning , we found 
 our felues incompafled about with Ice s and endeauouring to 
 cleereour felues of it ( by rcafon we could not fee farre about 
 vs) we were the more ingaged , and ftrookemany fcarefull 
 blowcsagainft it.* At length we. made faft to a great piece, 
 ( it blowing a very ftorme ) and with poles wrought day and 
 night tokeepe off the Ice ; in which labour we broke all our 
 poles. The fixtb,about two a clocke in tire morning, we were 
 befet with many extraordinary great pieces of Ice, that came 
 vpon vs, as it were with wilfull violence : and doubtleffe had 
 crushed vs to pieces, if we had not let fall (bme Sayle which 
 the Ship prefently felt. In fcaping that danger, we ran againft 
 another great piece , that we doubted whether our Ship had 
 nothin (lav’d to pieces. But pumping, we found Ihemade no 
 water. The former pieces of Ice , had cru fired our Shallop 
 all to pieces; wherefore I caufed our long Boate fpeedilyto 
 be had vp from betwixt the Decks, and put oucr Boord : by 
 helpe whereof we againe recouered our broken Shallop ; and 
 had her vp on the Decks,intending to new build her. All this 
 day, we did beat,and were beaten fearefully, amongft the Ice- 
 it blowing a very ftorme. In the euening, wee were inclofed’ 
 amongft gr eat pieces ; as high as our Poope : and fome of the 
 iharpeblue corners of them, did reach quite vnder vs. All 
 thefe great pieces ( by rcafon it was the out- fide of the Ice ) 
 didhcauc and fet, and fobeat vs ; that it was wonderfhll how 
 the Ship could indure one blow of it ; but it was Gods only 
 
 prefer- 
 
a Pitjfagc to the South Sea. 7 
 
 prcferuation of vs, to whom be all honour and glory. In this 
 extremitie , I made the men to let fall , and make what Saylc 
 they could ; and the Ship forced her feife thorow it : though 
 fo toffed and beaten, as I thinkeneuer Ship was. When we 
 were cleere,we fayed the pumps, and found her ftanch : vpon 
 which we went inftantly to prayer, and to praife God for his 
 mercifiill deliucry of vs. 
 
 The feuenth and eighth dayes , we indeauoured to double 
 about Cape Farewell ; being ftill peftered with much Ice! 
 
 The ninth, we were in Lat. 5 9. 00. and we made account p. 
 the Cape Farewell bare of vs due Eaft , and fome ten leagues 
 off. The Blaskes in Ireland, is in Lat. 5a. 4 - and Cape Fare- 
 well m Lat. 59.00. Thecourfe is Weft North-weft: and 
 the diftance about 41 o. leagues : I know very well thefe La- 
 titudes, courfes and diftance , doe not exartly agree with Ma- 
 thematical! condufions : but thus we found it by prattice. The 
 variation of the Compaffc in Lat. 52.30. and 30. leagues to 
 the Weft ward of Ireland , is about 3 . 00. to the Eaft ward; in 
 Lat.57. 00. about 3 10. leagues, Weft North-weft, from the 
 Blaskes, the Compafle doth vary 9.00. to the Weft-ward: 
 in Lat. 59. 1 5. fome 40 leagues to the Eaft-ward, of Cape 
 Farewell, the variation is about 14.45. In this courfe Ihaue 
 bin obferuant whether there were any Currant that did fet to 
 the N. E. as fome haue written there did, and that as well in 
 Calme weather, as other-wayes : But I could not perceiue 
 any. The windes here are variable ; and the Sea of an vn- 
 fearchable depth. Wehauenot.feene from Ireland hitherto, 
 any Whales or other Fifh ; The weather, for the moft part, 
 was foggie and miftie, that wets as bad as raine. 
 
 The tenth,all the morning , was very foule weather : and j 0 , 
 ahigh-growne Sea: although we had Ice notfarreoft about 
 vs, and fome pieces, as high as our Top-maft-head. Our long 
 Boate, which we were faine to Towe at Sterne ( by reafon 
 we were building our Shallop on our Decks) broke away, 
 and put vs to fome trouble torecouerher againe. This we 
 did, and made meanes to haue her into the Ship , though very 
 much bruifed : and that I had two men lore hurt, and like to 
 
A Voyage for the d'tfcouering 
 
 be loft in the hauingof her in. By eight a clocke this euening, 
 we were fhot vp as high as Cape Deflation : for finding here 
 the Land to trend away North and by Eaft,wc certainly knew 
 it to be the Cape. It ftands in Lat. 60. oo. and the Land from 
 Cape Farewell to it, trends N. W. the diftance about 40. 
 leagues. The diftance from Cape Deflation, to the South 
 end of the Hand of Reflation , is about 140. leagues: the 
 courfe Weft, halfe a point North. The Lat. of the South 
 end of the Hand, being 61 . t o. fome 1 2. leagues to the Weft- 
 ward of Cape Defection , the variation is 16.00. In this 
 courfe, we were much tormented, peftered and beaten with 
 the Ice: many pieces being higher then our Top-maft-head. 
 In our way, we faw many Grampufl.es amongft the Ice ; and 
 it feemeth the Sea is full of them : The weather for the moll 
 part, a (linking fogge ; and the Sea, very blacke : which J con- 
 ceiue to be occafioned by reafon of the fogge. 
 
 7 . The feuenteenth at night, we heard the rutt of the fthoare, 
 
 as we thought: butitprooued to be the ruttagaitiftabanke 
 of Ice, that lay on the fhoare. It made a hollow and a hide- 
 ous noyfe, like an ouer-fall of water : which made vs to rea- 
 fon amongft our felues concerning it : for we were not able 
 to fee about vs, it being darke night, and foggie. We flood 
 off from it, till breake of day ; then in againe : and about 4. a 
 clocke in the morning wee faw the Land aboue the fogge : 
 which we knew to be the Hand of Refolution. This laft night 
 was fo cold , that all our Rigging and Saylcs were frozen. 
 Weecndeauoured tocompafte about the Southern point of 
 the Hand : for that we were fo much peftered with the Ice, 
 and blinded with a very thicke fogge. Here runnes a quicke 
 tyde into the Straight ; but the ebbe is as ftrong as the flood ; 
 The fogge was of f uch a piercing nature,that it fpoiled all our 
 Compares , and made them fiagge; and fo heauy withall, 
 that they would not trauerfe. Wherefore I would aduife 
 any, that fhall Sayle this way hereafter, to prouide Compares 
 of Mufcouia Glade , or fome other matter, that will endure 
 themoiftureof the weather. As the fogge cleered vp, wc 
 could fee the entrance of the Straight, to be all full of Ice 
 s. clofc 
 
9 
 
 a PajJ'age to the South Sea. 
 
 clofe thronged together. Indeauouring to goe forward, wc e 
 were faft indofea amongft it; and fo d roue to andagaine 
 with it, finding no ground at 230. fad. 4. leagues from the 
 fhoare. 
 
 The twentieth in the morning, we had got about the Sou- 29 . 
 theme point of the Hand ; and the winde came vp at Weft, 
 and drone both vs and the Ice vpon the fhoare. When we 
 were driuen within two leagues of the fhoare , we came a- 
 mongft the moft ftrangeft whirlings of the Sea, thatpoflibly 
 can bee concerned ; There were diuers great pieces of Ice a- 
 ground in 40. fad. water, and the ebbe comming out of the 
 broken grounds of the Iland, amongft thefe lies of Ice, made 
 filch a diftra&io that we were carry ed round :fometimescIofe 
 by the Rocks; fometimcs clofe by thofe high pieces : that 
 we were afeard they would fall vpon vs. W e were fo bea- 
 ten likewife with the encountering of the Ice, that we were 
 in a moft defperatc eftate •• W e made faft two great pieces of 
 Icetoourfides, with our Kedgcr and Grapnels, that drew 
 9. or 1 o. fad- that fo they might bea-ground before vs, if fo 
 be we were driuen on the fhoare. But that defigne fayled vs: 
 and now from the top feeing in amongft the Rocks, Ifent 
 the B ate ( for now wee had finifhed her ) to fee if fhee 
 could finde fome place of iecuritie: but fhee wasnofooner 
 parted, but fhee was inclofcd, and driuen to hale vpon the 
 Ice, orelfe fhee had beene crufhed to pieces. They ranne her 
 ouer the Ice from piece to piece : and in the mcane fpace, 
 with the whirling and incountring of the Ice, the two pieces 
 brake away from our fides, and carry ed away our Kedger and 
 Grapnels : Then we made lignes to the Boate , to make all 
 the hafte fhee could to vs: which fhee perceiuing, did : the 
 men being with much difficultie inforced to hale her ouer 
 many pieces of Ice. In the meane (pace, w e made fome Sayle; 
 and got to that piece of Ice, that had our Grapnell on it: 
 which wee againe recouered. By this time, was cur Boate 
 come.; and We put afrefhCrue into her , and fent her to 
 fetch our Kedger : which fhee endeauoured with much dan- 
 ger of Boate and Men. By this time, the Ship was driuen fo 
 
 B neere 
 
A Voyage for the difcouerwg 
 
 necrc the fhoare , that we could fee the Rocks vnder vs and 
 about vs: andwc ihouldbe carryed with the whirlings of 
 the waters , dofeby the points of Rocks, and then lound a- 
 boutbackeagaine: and all this , notwitbftanding the Saylc 
 we had abroad; that wee cxpe&ed continually when fliee 
 would bebeaten to pieces. In this cxtremitic , I made them 
 to open more Sayle , and to force her in amongft the Rocks 
 and broken grounds : and where there was many great pieces 
 of Iceaground. We went oucr Rocks , that hadbuti2.or 
 13. foot water on them; andfo let fall an Anker. This An- 
 ker had ncucr bin able towinde vp the Ship, but that, (by 
 good fortune) the Ship ranne againft a great piece of Ice, 
 that was a-ground. Thisrufh , brake the Maync knee cf her 
 Beakchcad, and a comer of it : tare away 4 -°f ourmainc 
 Shrouds,and an Anker that we had atthc Bowe,faftened into 
 it : and lo ftopther way, that £he did winde vp to her Anker. 
 Wee law the fharpe Rocks vnder vs, and about vs; and had 
 but 15. foot water : being alfo in the (ides way , where all 
 the Ice would driuc vpon vs : OurBoatew'e couldnotfee; 
 which made vs doubt flrechad bin crufhed to pieces. In her, 
 was the third part of our company : but by and by we faw 
 her come about a point amongft the Rocks. Sheebadreco- 
 uered our Kedger ; which made vs (omething ioyfull ; With 
 allfpeedwe laid out Hawfers to the Rocks; and cuexyone 
 did worke to the beft of his ftrength , to W arp her out of 
 this dangerous place, to the Rocks fides: where wee had 
 3, fad. water, and were vnder the (lid ter of a great piece of 
 Ice that was a-ground, which Ihould kcepe off the ice , that 
 otherwife would haue driuen vpon vs. Here wee lay very 
 well all the ebbe; but when the flood came, we were affaul- 
 ted with pieces of Ice , that euery halfe houre put vs into 
 defpayrable diftrefle. We did worke continually, and extreme- 
 ly, to keepe off the Ice. At full Sea , our great piece of Ice 
 ( which was our buckler) wasafloatc; and doe what wee 
 could , got away from vs , and left vs in a rnoft eminent dan- 
 ger, by reafon of the Ice that droueinvponvs. Buttheebbe 
 being once made, this great piece of Ice came againe a-ground 
 
 very 
 
a Pa([a?e to the South Scd. 
 
 very fauourable to vs ; and flickered vs all the reft of the 
 ebbe. All night we wrought hard , to ftiift our Cables and 
 Hawfers ; and to make them fall aloft on the Rocks.that the 
 Ice might the better pafl'e vnder them. All day, and all night, 
 it fnowed hard ; and blew a very ftorme at Weft; which 
 droue in all the Ice out of the Seavpon vs. In working a- 
 gain ft the violence of the Ice, theflookeof our Kedgcr was 
 broken ; two armcs of our Grapnels, and two Hawfers, our 
 Shallop being againe very much bruifed : whereupon to work 
 we goe on all hands to repaire it. 
 
 This tyde, the Harbour was choaked full of Ice ; fo that 
 it did feeme firme and vnmooueable : but when the ebbe was 
 made.it did mooue. Some great pieces came a-ground;which 
 did alter the courfe of the other Ice, and put vs on the Rocks. 
 Here, notwithftandingallour vttermoft endeauours, fhe fet- 
 tled vpon a Iharpe Rocke ; about a yard aboue the Mayne 
 Maft ; and as the water ebbed away, flic hung after the Head, 
 and heeld to the Offing. We made Cables and Hawfers aloft 
 to her Mails, and fo to the Rocks; {training them tough with 
 our Tackles : but {hce as the water ebbed away , funke ftill ; 
 that at length fhee was fo turned ouer, that wee could not 
 Hand in her. Hailing now done all to the beft of oiirvnder- 
 ftandings ( but to little purpofe) wc went all vpon a piece of 
 Ice and fell to prayer ; befeeching God to be mcrcifull vnto 
 vs. It wanted yet an houre to low-water : and the tyde did 
 want a foot and a halfe to ebbe , to what it had ebbed the laft 
 tyde. We were carcfull obferuers of the low-waters, and 
 had marks by Hones and other things which we hadfetvp, 
 fo that wc could not be dcceiucd. The Ship was fb turn <Io- 
 uer.that the Portlefle of the Fore-caftell , was in the water : 
 and we did looke cuery minute , when fhee would oucr-fet. 
 Indeed at one time, the Cables gauc way; and fhee funke 
 downc halfe a foot at that flip : but vnexpc&edly it began to 
 flow, and fenfiblv wee perceiued the water to rife apace ; and 
 the Shippe withall. Then was our forrow turned to loy, 
 and we all fell on our knees, praifing God for his mercy, in fb 
 miraculous a deliuerance. 
 
 B 2 Affoonc 
 
As fooneasfhe was freed from this Rocke, we wrought 
 hard to get her further off. All the flood, we were pretty 
 quiet from the Ice: but when theebbewas made, the Ice 
 
 great piece vpon our quarter, which was aboue 3 00. of my pa- 
 ces about, but it came a-ground. Thus did diuei s great pieces 
 befides; which was the 01 cafion, that this tyde the Harbour 
 was quite choakt vp : fo that a man might goe any way o- 
 ucrit, from fide to fide. VV hen it was three quarters ebbe, 
 thefe great pieces that came a-ground, began to breake with 
 amoft terrible thundering noyfe: which put vs in a great 
 feare, that thofe about vs would breake vs all to pieces. But 
 God preferued vs. 
 
 This morning the water veer’d to a lower ebbe then the 
 laft tide it had done , by two foote ; whereby we faw Gods 
 mercies apparent in our late extremity. That food, wee had 
 fome refpit from our labours ; but after full fea , our hopes 
 ebde too. The great peece that was by vs, fo ftopt the Chan- 
 nell, that the Ice cams all driuing vpon vs; fo that now, vn- 
 doubtedly we thought wee fhould hatie loft our Ship; To 
 worke thereupon we goe, with axes, barres of iron, and any 
 thing proper for fuch a purpofe; to breake the corners of the 
 
 ter fort of the Ice betwixt vs and the Rockes, that we were 
 in pretty fccurity. But at low-water, thofe peeces that were 
 aground, breaking ; kept amoft thundering noyfe about vs. 
 This day I went alhore ; and built a great Beacon with ftonca 
 vpon the higheft place of the Hand; and put a Crofle vpon it; 
 and named this Harbour, The Harbour of Cjods ‘Troutdence. 
 In the Eucning, the Harbour was fuller of the Ice, then euer 
 it bad beetle fince we came hither: and the greater peeces 
 grounded , and ftopt the reft , that none went out the ebbe, 
 but the Ship lay, as if fhee hadlaincuiabedof Ice. 
 
a Paffage to the South Sea. 
 
 The three and twentieth day in the morning, with the flood, 
 the Ice droue vp amongft the broken grounds; and with the 
 ebbe, drone all out fit being then very cal me.) except one ex- 
 traordinary great peecc : which comming aground not farre 
 from vs , fettled it felfe in fuch a manner , that we much 
 feard him. But there came no more great Ice after him : o- 
 therwife, we muft hauc expe&ed as great danger, as at any 
 time heretofore. I tooke the boate , and went afhoare vpon 
 the Eaftcrne fide; to fee if I could findc any place freer from 
 danger then this vnfortunate place: where amongft the 
 Rockes, I difcried a likely place. From the top of the Hill 
 where I was, I could fee the Ship. It was nowalmoft Iowe 
 water : at which inftant the forementioned piece of Ice 
 brake with a terrible noyfe into foil re pieces : which made 
 me doubtfull it had not fpoyled the Ship ; it being full halfc 
 mart high. I made what hafte I could to the boate, and fo 
 to the Ship, to be fatisficd : where I found all well, God be 
 thanked: for that the Ice had broken from the Ship-ward, 
 Iinftantly fent away the boate, to found the way to a Coue 
 that I had found : which was a very dangerous" paflage for 
 the boate. Atherrctume, we vn-mocrd the Ship: and with 
 what fpeede poflible warpt away from amongft this terrible 
 Ice. W e Were not a mile from them , but they brake all to 
 pieces : and would furely haue made vs beare them company, 
 but that God was more merciful! vnto vs. We got about the 
 Rocks, and fo into this little Coue which I had fo newly dif- 
 couercd. Here we made faft to the Rockes; and thought our 
 fclues in indifferent fafety : which being done, I went afhoare 
 againe, to wander vp and downe, to fee what I could difeo- 
 uer. I -found it all broken Rockie grounds: and not fo much 
 as a tree, herbe, or grafle vpon it : Some Ponds of water there 
 were in it , which were not yet thawed , and therefore not 
 ready for the fowlc ; W e found not in the f how any footing 
 of Deere, or Beares, but Foxes wc favv one or two. 
 
 We found where the Saluageshad beene; but it was long 
 fince. They had made fiuc hearths; and we found a few fire- 
 brands about them ; and fome heads of Foxes , and bones of 
 
 B i Foxes; 
 
i4 
 
 •3 
 
 s 4- 
 
 A VojAgt for the dtfconermg 
 
 Foxes; with fotne Whale-bones. I could not conceiite , to 
 what purpofe they ftiould come thither ; for we could finde 
 none or very little wood on the fhoarcs fide, and no fifh at all; 
 though we did dayly indeauour to take fomc. But it may be, 
 the feafon was not yet come. I named this Coue by the Ma- 
 ilers name of my Ship, Prices Coue. The Latitude of it is 
 61.24. Variation. The firebrands and chips which I 
 fpake of, had bcene cut with fome hatchet or other good in- 
 ftrument of iron : from the top of the hills, we could fee 
 the Hands that are on the South fhore; and commonly called 
 Sir Thom.u Buttons lies : They did beare South and by Eaft, 
 halfe a point Eaftcrlyrfome 14.0ns leagues diftantvpon the 
 change day, it flowes here feuen a clocke and a halfe; and the 
 tyde higheftat moft three fad. The flood comes from the 
 Eaftwards, and thither it returnes. Ihaue bcene obfeiuant 
 from the top of the hills ; whence I might defcry the great 
 pieces of Ice, 2. or 3. leagues from the flaoare, driue to and 
 againe with the flood and ebbe indifferently. Hence I col- 
 lected that affuredly there is no currant fets in here, but that 
 it is a mcere tyde. Neere the fhoarc, the eddies whirle into 
 twenty manners; when the ebbe is made: which is, becaufe it 
 comes out of the broken ground amongft the Ice that is a- 
 ground neere the fhoare : Befides which reafon, there be di- 
 uers Rockes lying vnder water; on which you fhall haue now 
 30. then 12. and anon but 8. and then 20. fad. And thefe 
 vneertainties, occafion fuch diftra&ions. I would therefore 
 aduife none to come too neere thofe dangerous fhoares , for 
 . fearehee lofe hisfhip, andfoby confequenceall : The lad 
 night, we tooke better reft then we had done in tenne nights 
 before. 
 
 And this morning being the 24. there fprung vp a faire 
 gale of wind at Eaft: and after prayer we vnfaftened our Ship, 
 and came to faile, fleering betwixt great pieces of Ice, that 
 were a-ground in 40. fad. and twice as high as our top-maft 
 head. 
 
 Wee went forth of this Coue, vponthc flood, and had 
 none of thofe whirlings of the waters,as we had at our going 
 
 into 
 
 \ • 
 
4 Pajfage to the South Sea. 2 5 
 
 into it. W e indeauoured to gaine the North fihoarcjkept our 
 felucs within a league of the flioare of the Hand ofRefolutiott, 
 where vvc had fome cleere water to failc thorow. In the 
 Offing, it was all thicke throngd together,as might be polfi- 
 ble. By 1 2. a clock?, we were fall incIofed,and'notwithftan- 
 dingit blew very hard at Eaft, yet we could make no way 
 through it : but the hard corners of the Ice did grate vs 
 with that violence, as I verily thought it would haue grated 
 the plankcs from the Ships fides. Thus we continued in tor- 
 ment, till the t< 5 . day, drilling to and againe in the Ice; not 
 being able to fee an acre of fea from top-maft head. This 
 2 6 . was calme Sun-Chine weather; and we tooke the Latitude 2 <. 
 
 & V ariation. The Latitude is, the V ariation we founded, 
 
 and had ground at 140. fad. fmall white fand. Icaufed the 
 men to lay out feme fi living lines ; but to no purpofc : for I 
 could not percciuc that baite had beene fb much as touched. 
 
 The nights arc very cold: fo that our rigging freezes : ahd 
 the freCh ponds of water fraud vpon the Ice, aboue halfeaa 
 inch thicke. 
 
 The ay.there fprang vp a little galeat South-Eaft:and the *7- 
 
 Ice did fomething open. Hereupon we let fall our forclayle, 
 and forced the Ship thorow the throng of Ice. In the Euen- 
 ing, the winde came contrary, at W-N._W.and blew hard: 
 which caufed vs to fallen to a great piece , to which we re- 
 mained tnoord till the 29.. 
 
 I am refolued, that here is no currant : and that by many 
 experiments which I haue made. Namely, by raking markes 
 on the land ; and noting our drift to and againe , with the 
 ebbeand flood, for many dayes together ; as wellincalmc 
 weather, as otherwayes. By all thefe experiments I found 
 exaftly , that the tide was no ftronger there , then that be- 
 twixt England and France. 
 
 This morning, there fprung vp a fine gale at E. and the Ice ap . 
 did open fomething, fo that we did force the Ship thorow 
 itwithhcrfore-laile. By i2.aclocke, we were gotten into 
 fomeopen water, with a fine gale of wind at Eaft, and fo 
 cleere weather , that we could fee the / land of Refolutton. / 
 
 The 
 
Voyage for the dif centering 
 
 The North end did beare of vs E. N. E. fome 1 2. leagues off 
 
 From this 29. till the 5. of Inly , wcefayled continually 
 thorow the Ice, with variable winds and fogges , and fome- 
 times calme. The 5. at noonc, we had a good obferuatton, and 
 were in Latitude 65. 1 5- and then wee faw Salisbury Hand, 
 bearing W-byN. fome 7. leagues off: with much Iccbc- 
 twixt it and vs : to weather which, we were driuen to (land 
 to the Northward. Soone after, wefaw Prince Charles hid 
 Cape, and eMtll Hand : and to the North-north-weft, ( and 
 indeed, round about vs) the Sea mod infinitely peftered 
 with Ice. This did grieue mee very much : for whereas I 
 had determined to profccute the difeouery to the North- 
 weft ward, Ifawitwasnotpoffiblethisyccre. Wee were 
 moreoucr driuen back againe with contrary windes;ftill clofed 
 and peftered with Ice : and with all the perils and dangers, 
 incident to fuch aduentures : fo that we thought a thoufand 
 times, that the Ship had bin beaten to pieces. 
 
 By the fifteenth day of My, we were got betwixt ‘Diggts 
 Hand and Nottingham s liana.: not being able to get more 
 Northward. There for anhoure or two, wc had fome open 
 water. 
 
 But before I proceed further, it were not amifle in fome 
 manner to deferibe the Straight, which begins at the Hand of 
 Refolution, and ends here at Digges Hand. If you goc downe 
 into the Bay , the Straight is about 120. leagues long ; and 
 trends W. N. W. and E. S. E. generally. In the entrance, it 
 is about 1 5 . leagues broad ; and then on the Southward fide, 
 is a great Bay. About themiddeft, it is likewife about iy. 
 leagues broad : and then the Land opens fomething wider :fo ' 
 thatbetwi xtTfigges Hand, and Cape Charles, it is about 20. 
 leagues broad. Betwixt which two ftands Salisbury Iland y 
 and Nottingham Hand. If it be cleere weather , you may fee 
 both the South and the North fhoares : ordinarily, the depth 
 in the middle of the Straight, is 1 20. faddomes, white fand. 
 A certaine tyde runnes in it , and no Current : The North 
 fiioa' e, is the ftraighteft , and the deereft from Ice too. A- 
 longft the North flioare, youhaue many low lmall Hands: 
 
 which 
 
*7 
 
 a Patfage to the South Sea . 
 
 which cannot be feene farre off from the land : and in many 
 places, the land makes as if ithadfmall founds into it. The 
 Maine land on both fides , is indifferent high land. And fo 
 much for difeourfe may fuffice : referring you to the Plot for 
 the particulars. 
 
 Being now refolued of the impoffibilitie to doe any thing j s. 
 
 to the North- weftward , for the reafons aforefaid : I gauc 
 order to the Matter of my Ship to Stcere away, W . S. W. to 
 hauc a fight of CMmsfeMs Hand ; which the next day by 
 three a clockein the after-noone,we had : hauing had fo much 
 dangerous foule weather amongft the Ice , that we ftrooke 
 more fearefull blowes againft it , then we had euer yet done. 
 
 This was the firftday that wee went tohalfe allowance of 
 bread Flefh dayes : and I ordered things as fparingly as I 
 could. Two of our men complaine like wife of fickcneflc; 
 but foone afterward recouercd. In theeuening wee came to 
 an Anker : and I fent the Boate afhoare to try the tydes. 
 
 They brought mee word, that whileft the Boat was afhoare, 
 it flowed about fome three foote : and as wee found by the 
 Ship, and by the Ice; the water at that time came from the 
 W. S. W. and that the higheft tydes ( fo farre as they could 
 percciue)it had not highed abouc two faddome : They found 
 that the Saluages had beene vpon it ; by certaine fires which 
 they found, and heapesof ftoncs. Tracks of other beafts, 
 but Foxes they could not finde. The winde was fo contrary, 
 and the weather fo foggic; that wee were faineto fpend 
 fomc powder to recouer our Boate againe. 
 
 Next morning being the 17. the winde came fomething 
 favourable: and weewayed. The fhoare being fomething 
 cleere of Ice ( though very thicke all to the Offing ) wee 
 flood alongftit S. and S. by W. fome 10. leagues. In the 
 after-noone, the winde came contrary : and we came againe 
 to an Anker, within a mile of the fhoare : for to Sea-boord, 
 was all thicke Ice, and vnpa (Table. I went afhoare myfelfe, 
 to be refolued of the tyde , and found whileft I was a fhoare, 
 that it did flow two foote : and at that time the flood came 
 from the S. W. by W« I doubted it was an halfe tydej which 
 
 C after- 
 
1 8 A Voyage for the difcouermg 
 
 afterwards I found to be true. I found where the Saluages 
 had beene vpon the Hand ; but could; fee little or no drift 
 wood on the fhoare ; no beafts on the Hand, nor fifties in the 
 Sea. It flowes on the change day, about a elcuen a docke. 
 We faw fome fowle on it : of which we killed one, and re- 
 turned aboord. This Hand is very low land ; little higher then 
 a dry fand-banke. It hath Ponds vpon it of frefti water, but 
 no grade : and is vtterly barren of all goodnefle. 
 
 18. The 1 8. in the morning, the winde camefomething fauou- 
 rable; and we weyedand came to Sayle : for the Ice was all 
 comne about vs. We endeauoured to proceed to the Weft- 
 ward ; intending to fall with the W efterne land, about the 
 Latitude 63.00. By twelue a docke, ( hawing beene much 
 peftered ) we were comne to a firme range ot Ice : but it 
 pleafed God that the winde larged , and wee flowed away 
 S. S. W. At noone in Lat. 62. 00. by 4. in the eucning ( ha- 
 uing fcaped dangerous blowes ) wee were come ( as wee 
 thought ) into an open Sea ; and ioy fully fleered away W eft, 
 and W. by N. although that Ioy was foone quayled. By ten 
 at night, we heard the rut of the Ice : and it grew a thicke 
 fogge, and very darke with it : neuerthelefte we proceeded, 
 and the neercr we came to it, the more hideous noyl'e it made. 
 
 ijj. By three in the morning, the 1 9. we were come to it, and 
 as it did clecre a little , we could fee the Ice : which were as 
 thicke rands of Ice, as any we had yet feene. Thele being vn- 
 pafiable,and moreoucr the winde at N.W . we flowed alongft 
 it, hoping' to weather it to the Southward : but at laft, we be- 
 came fo blinded with fogge, and fo incompafled with Ice, 
 that wc could goe no further. 
 
 a.o, The to. in the morning ( notwithftanding the fogge) 
 
 we endeauoured to get to the W eft ward j our Ship beating 
 and knocking all this while tnoft fearefully. 
 
 2j, In this wilfulnefle we continued till the z 1 : when being 
 
 faft among!! the Ice, I obferued we were in Lat. 60. 3 3. and 
 then looking what dam age our Ship might haue receiued,we 
 could pcrceiue that below the place of Iron , which was be- 
 fore her Cut-water, fhee was ailbruifed and broken: the two 
 
 knees 
 
19 
 
 a Paffage to the South Sea. 
 
 knees {he had before , to ftrengthen her, fpoyled and tome : 
 and many other defcds , which we could not by any mcanes 
 come to mend. Notwithftanding all this, and the extraordi- 
 nary thickc fogge ( that we could not fee a Piftoll fhot about 
 vs ) wc proceeded with the hazzard of all. 
 
 Till the 27 : which was the firft time we had cleere wea- 37. 
 ther to looke about vs: The winde withall came vp at South, 
 and the Ice did open fomething : fo that we made fome way 
 thorowit to the Weftward, In the euening , we were faft: 
 againe', and could goe no further: the winde veering from 
 the South to the Eaft ; and blowing a frefh gale. This occa- 
 fioned our griefes the more ; that with a good winde, wee 
 could not goe forward : putting therefore aHawfer vpona 
 piece of great Ice, to keepe the Ship clofe to it, we patiently 
 expefted for better fortune. Since we came from Mansfeilds 
 Hand, our depth was commonly tio. and 100. fad. oozye 
 ground. Now the water begins to fhowlde : for this prefent 
 27. driuing faft to and againe in the Ice, we haue but 80. fad. 
 ground as before. 
 
 The 28. and 19. we were fo faft indofed in the Ice, that 
 notwithftanding, we put abroad all the fayle that was at yards; 
 and that it blew a very hard gale of winde; the Shipftirred 
 no more then if (hee had beenein a dry Docke. Hereupon 
 we went all boldly out vpon the Ice, to fport and recreate our 
 felues, letting her ftand ftill, vnder all her Sayles. It was flat, 
 extraordinary large Ice : the worft to deale withall, that we 
 had yet found. Imeafured fome pieces: which I found to 
 be 1000. of my paces long. This was the firft day that out 
 men began to murmure : thinking it impoffible to get cither 
 forwards or backe- wards. Some were of the opinion, that it 
 wasallfuchlce, betwixt vs and the fhoare. Others, that the 
 Bay was all couered ouer : and that it was a doubt whether 
 we could get any way, or to any land, to winter in. The nights ' 
 were long; and euery night it did fo freeze, that we could 
 n«t fayle amongft the Ice by night, nor in the thickefoggie 
 weather. I comforted and incooraged them, thebtft Icould: 
 and to put away thefe cogitations, wee drankc a health to his 
 
 C 2 Maieftie 
 
20 
 
 3 °* 
 
 3 *. 
 
 tsAugufi i. 
 
 A Fey age for the difcouering 
 
 Maieftieon the Ice; not one man in the Ship; and fhee ftill 
 vnder all her fayles. I moft ingenioufly confefle, that all their 
 murmuring was not without reafon ; wherefore doubting 
 that we fhould be frozen vp in the Sea : I ordered that fire 
 fhould be made but once a day , and that but with a certaine 
 number of Ihides , that the Steward fhould deliuer to the 
 Cooke by tale , the better to prolong our fewell vvhatfoeuer 
 fhould happen. 
 
 The 3 o. we made fome way thorow the Ice : we heauing 
 the Ship with our fhoulders , and with Mawles and Crowes 
 of Iron, breakingthe corners of the Ice, to make way. As 
 we got forwards , the water fhoalded apace : fo that I be- 
 Iccue it to be fome Hand., At nocne we obfernd thorow the 
 fogge,withtheQnadtant,vpon a piece of Ice : and were in 
 Lat. 5 8 . 54. our depth 30. fad. We put out hookes, to try 
 to catch Fome fifh, but to no purpofe ; for there is not any In 
 this Bay. ^ 
 
 The 3 x . we laboured as aforefaid : and got fbmething for- 
 ward. At noone we were in Lat. 5 8. 40. our depth 23. fad. 
 It was very thicke hazye weather; or elfe I thinke we fhould 
 haue feene the land. 
 
 The firft of Auguft, thewinde came vp at Weft; which 
 di ouc vs to the Eaft ward : where our depth increafed to 3 5 . 
 fad. Atnoone ( by obferuation with the Quadrant, on the 
 Ice) we were in Lat. 58.45. At fixe a clocke this euening, 
 we might perceiue the Ice to heaue and feta little : which 
 was occafioned by afwclling Sea,that came out of the South* 
 Weft. This did comfort vs very much: hoping fhortly we 
 fhould get out of the Ice. 
 
 The fecond , it did blow hard at South- Weft , and yet we 
 could not feele the forementioned fweliingSca : which did 
 againe quench the hopes we had formerly conceiued. 
 
 The third, wee did fee a little open water to the Nor th- 
 weftwardjand did feele a fwelling Sea from the Weft: which 
 doth allure vs, that there is an open Sea to the Weftward. « 
 
 The fift, we law the Sea clcere : but could by no meanes 
 worke our felues to it with our fayles : wherefore about fixe 
 
I 
 
 a Paffage to the South Sea. 
 
 in the euening, wee let fall an Anker in 50. fad. water ; and 
 flood all with poles and oares to fend off the Ice , and let it 
 paflfe to Leewards. We continued this labour all night. 
 
 In the morning , the winde came vp at North- W eft , and 
 we wayed with much ioy, as hoping now to get into an open 
 Sea to the Southward. This by noone wc had donejand were 
 in Lat. 58. 28. very free of Ice. The winde did large vpon 
 vs t fo that we flood away North- Weft, to get vp as high 
 to the Northward as we could ; and fo to come coafting to 
 the Southward. W e went to prayer, and to giue God thanks 
 for our deliuery out of the Ice. 
 
 The ninth, ( being in Lat..? 9. 40.) wc came againe to the 
 Ice, which lye very thicke to the North : fince we came out 
 of the Ice, our depth increafcd to 1 1 o. and now decreafcth a- 
 gaine : So that I thinke we approched towards the fhoarc. 
 
 The tenth prooued very thicke foggie weather; the winde 
 contrary, and the water ihowlding apace , we catnc to an An- 
 ker in 2 2. fid. 
 
 The eleuenth in the morning , wc wayed, and made in for 
 thefhoare; and about noone (aw the land: our depth being 
 1 6 . fad. in Lat. 59.40. The land to the North of vs, did 
 trend North by Eaft, and fo made a point to the Southward, 
 and trended away Weft by Souths which we followed : ma- 
 king it for that place, which was formerly called Hubberts 
 Hope. And fo it prooued indeed : but it is now hopeleffe. 
 
 Two of three words now , concerning the Bay that we 
 haue paft ouer. It is from Digges Hand , to this VV efter land 
 ( in latitude aforefaid ) about 160. leagues, the courfe Weft 
 South Weft, the variation 
 
 The tydes doe fet in the middle ot the Bay and W efr, 
 as we hane often tryed by our ledde aground : but fleeter the 
 fhoares, as they are forced bv the land ; I am of the opinion 
 that in the Ocean, or in large Bayes, the tydes doe naturally <e C 
 Eaft and. Weft, and that this doth giue little hope or a paft ge. 
 The greateft depth we hadintheBay, was no fad. andfo 
 flioalding , as you approch to land , wccoafted lottnda ^uit 
 this forementioned little Bay; which isfome 1 8. leagues 
 
 C 3 deepe 
 
deepe in 8 . and 6 . fad. and in the bottome of ir, wc were in 
 two feddome and a halfc water , and faw the firmc land, al- 
 moft round about vs. Then we proceeded to the Southward 
 fixe and feuen faddome water ; within fight of the breach of 
 the fhoare : keeping the lead continually going , and in the 
 night we would come to an Anker. This night being little 
 windc , We came to an Anker with our Kedgcr : but in way- 
 ing of him, we loft him, hauing no tnoreaboord vs. 
 
 The 1 2. wc were in Lat. 5 8. 46. fome two leagues from 
 the fhoare. The variation is about 1 7. deg. 
 
 law fome breaches ahead vs : our depth was 9. and 1 o. fad, 
 
 vpon the Rocks : the Ship then being vnder our two Top- 
 fayles, Forefayle and Spreetfayle : with a frefh gale of winde. 
 In this fearcfull accident, weeftiooke all our feyles amaine; 
 and it did pleafe God to fend two or three goodfwelling 
 Seas, which did heaue vs ouer the Rocks, into 3 . fad. and pre- 
 sently into three faddome and a halfe ; where we chopt to an 
 Anker: and feyed the pumps:' but we found fhec made no 
 water, although fhee had three fuch terrible blowes, that wc 
 thought her Maft would haue fhiuered to pieces, and that Hie 
 had bin afluredly bulged. W ec hoyft the Boate ouer-boord, 
 and double man’d her : to goe feeke and found a way, out of 
 this perilous place. Shce wasnofoonergone, but there rofe 
 afogge j fo that we were faine to fpend fome powder, that 
 fhee might heare whereabouts we were. The winde duld 
 
 could cuer haue recouered to vs againe. After fhee had beene 
 abfent two houres,fhc brought vs word, that it was all Rocks 
 and breaches, roundabout vs: and that withali, fhee had 
 found a way, where there was not Iefie then two fad. and a 
 halfe: and that afterwards, the water did deepen. We did 
 prefently way, and follow the Boate, and paft’ouer two 
 ledges of Rocks , on which there was fcarce 14. foot water. 
 Then it did deepen to 3. 4. and fo to 14. fed. then it fhoulded' 
 againe to 9. It being now night,we came to an Anker: where 
 
a Pajfage to the South Sea. 
 
 we ride indifferent well all the night. In the morning, the 
 winde came contrary; fo that wee could not goe that way 
 we intended to deerc our fclucs : and therefore we went to 
 workc ; to fit our holds, to fplife our Cables ; and made rea- 
 dy two (hot, and fo placed them in the Hold, that they might 
 Jpon all occafions runne clecre ; the ends of them being faft- 
 nedto the maine Maft. We likewife lookt to our Ankers, 
 and fitted our fpare ones. We got out our long Boatefronv 
 betwixt the decks ; which was very much broken and brui- 
 fcd. The Carpenter went to worke to fit her, ( for I inten- 
 ded to tow the Shallop at Sterne ) and fo to haue the Boats 
 ready at an inftant, cither to lay out Ankers, or to be feruice- 
 able to what God fhould be plcafed to try our faith and pati- 
 ence witball : for in him was our only truft, and cur hope 
 vpon his fauour, in our honeft endeauours. Atnoone,in Lat, 
 S 7 - 45 - vvee could fee the land from the N. W. to the S.E. 
 by E. with Rocks and breaches : and the Rocks that we came 
 ouer, dry aboue water : whereby I knew it flowes here two 
 faddomes atleaft. Atnoone, Ifent the Boate off tofownd 
 to the Eaftward : becaufe the water ihoulded,when we came 
 to an Anker. Shec brought vs word, the /houldeft water fhc 
 hadbeene in, was 7. fad. We intending thereupon to way, 
 the winde came Eafterly : fo that we could not budge : but 
 lay here the 1 4. all night, with a ftiffc gale of winde. 
 
 ' -phe x ^ . ia the euening, our Cable galded off: by reafon of 
 which perilous and fudden accident , in which wee had not 
 time to put a Buoy to it, we loft our Anker, and were driuen 
 into 4. fad. water, before we could fet our fayles. This when 
 we had done, we flowed South South-Eaft, the winde being 
 at Eaft, but the water ihoulded to 5. fad. '1 hen wee flowed 
 North north-eaft, and it did deepen by degrees totenfadd. 
 and becaufe it grew darkc , we came to an Anker , and rid a 
 good ftrefle all night. v , , . _ 
 
 In the morning the 1 < 5 .the winde came vp at North a frefh 
 gale : and we wayed and came to fayle. By nine a clocke, it 
 grew to be a very ftorme: and we turned to and againe, in 
 10. fad. water. In thecueuing , the winde duld; and wee 
 
 flowed 
 
24 
 
 r 7- 
 
 
 1 8. 
 
 ip. 
 
 20 . 
 
 A Voyage for the difcouering 
 
 Hood South-weft, to haue a fight of PortNelfon: which 
 courfe we flood all night,by the Starres, being in Lat. 5 7. ay . 
 the variation, about 17. degrees. 
 
 The 1 7. in the morning , we ftood South : and our depth 
 decreafed by degrees to 8 . faddomes . At noone we had good 
 obferuation : being in Latitude 57. 15. and wee make ac- 
 count, that we are fome < 5 .or 7. leagues of the Southerne fide 
 of Tort N elf on. Here the colour of the water changed : and 
 was of a puddlelifh and fandy red colour. W e ftood into 6 . 
 fad. and could not fee the land from Top-maft-head : fo night 
 comming on, and itbeginning to blow hard at Eaft by South, 
 we ftood off againc into 10. and 12. faddomes : where the 
 water was againe of the colour of the Sea. 
 
 The 1 8. as the winde and weather fauoured vs , and the 
 ftorme was broken vp : we ftood in againe South, and came 
 againc into thicke puddlelifH water : into 8. 7. and 6 . fad. 
 and then off againe : for that it grew thicke foggie weather : 
 keeping our lead continually going, night and day. 
 
 The x 9. being fine deere Sun-fhine weather ; we ftood in 
 againe into the thicke puddleifh water, into 8.fad. where we 
 came to an Anker, to try the tydes : For that from Top-maft- 
 head, we could not now fee the land. We were at noone (by 
 good obferuation) in Latitude 57. 20. and the tydedidfet 
 by W. andS. E.byE. It did runnetwo knots anda 
 haftein two glafies; Irefolued, that this was nothing but 
 Ihoalds to the land. In the after-noonc it began to fnuffle and 
 blow ; fo that we had much adoe to get vp our Anker. This 
 being done* we flood Eaft South Eaft : but the water fhoal- 
 dedapace. Then we ftood Eaft, and it deepened a little - In 
 the euemng, the winde cameypat Weft ; and then we ftood 
 haft South-eaft, into 10. and 8. and afterwards South-Eaft, 
 as our depth did guide vs by our lead , and the colour of the 
 water into 7. and 6 . faddomes. • 
 
 The 20 at 6 . in the morning, we faw the land : it beinea 
 very low flat land. Wee flood into j. faddomes, to make 
 it the better : and lo flood alongft it. At noone weewerein 
 •at. 57.00. W e named it, T he new Principality of South Wales; 
 
 and 
 
a-Paffdge to the South Sea. 
 
 and drank a health in the beft liquor we had to Prince Charles 
 hisHighnefle, whom Godpreferue. We ftood alongftit; 
 and came to a point where it trends to the Southward : neere 
 to which point, there are two fmall Hands. In the euening 
 it was calme, and we came to an Anker. The tyde fet as afore- 
 laid. There we rid all that night, and the next day : byrea- 
 fonthewinde was contrary. There wait a chopping fhort 
 Sea : and the Ship did labour at it , exceedingly leaping in 
 Sprcet-fayle yard, Forecaftell, and all : for as yet we had not 
 trimmed her well, to ride. About nine at night, it was very 
 darke : and it did blow hard. Wee did perceiue by the lead 
 the Ship did driue , wherefore bringing the Cable to Cap- 
 ftang, to heaue in our Cable ( for we did thinkc we had loft 
 our Anker ) the Anker hitchtagainc, and vpon the chopping 
 of a Sea, threw themai from theCapftang. A fmall rope in 
 the darke , had gotten foule about the Cable , and about the 
 Mafters legge too : but with helpc of God hee did deere 
 himfelfe, though not without fore bruifing. The two Mates 
 were hurt; the one in the head; the other in thearme. One 
 of our luftieft men, was ftrooken on the breft with a bar, that 
 he lay fprawling for life : another had his head betwixt the 
 Cable; and hardly efcaped. The reft were flung, where they 
 were fore bruifed : But our Gunner ( an honeft and a diligent 
 man) had his legge taken betwixt the Cable and theCap- 
 ftang : which wrung off his foote,and tare all the flefh off his 
 legge, and cruftied the bone to pieces, and forcly withall brui- 
 fed all his whole body : in which mifcrable manner hee re- 
 mained crying till we had recouered our felues , our memory 
 and ftrengths to clecre him. Whileft we were putting him 
 and the reftdowneto the Chirurgion; the Ship droue into 
 fhoalde water; which put vs all in fcarc : we being fo forcly 
 weakened by this blow , which had hurt eight of our men. 
 ItpleafedGod, that the Anker heldagaine: andfheeridic 
 out all night. By midnight, the Chirurgion had taken off the 
 Gunners legge at the gartering place; and dreft the others that 
 were hurt and bruifed : after which wc comforted each other 
 as well as we could. 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 Jjl 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 The 
 
A Voyage for the dif cotter mg 
 
 The 22. wee wcyed ; and flood a little off into deeper 
 water; expe&inga better winde. Which in the afternoone 
 fauoured vs. Wee flood in againeforthe fhoare,andalongft 
 it wee proceeded. It isverylnoald about fourc leagues off, 
 and full of breaches. 
 
 The a j . at noone, we Were in latitude 5 6. 28. In the eue- 
 ning, the winde came contrary : and we were faine to turne 
 toandagaine. All this moneth, the winde hath beenevery 
 variable, and continued not long vpon one point : yet it hap- 
 pened fo, that we can get but little forward. 
 
 The 26. there fprung vp a fine gale at Weft, but very 
 thicke weather : neuertheleffe wee flood into 7. and 6 . fad. 
 the water very thickc and puddlclifti. At noone, itdecred; 
 and we could fee that we were imbayed in a little Bay : the 
 land being alrnoft round about vs. We flood out of it, and 
 fo alongft it, in fight 5 till the 27. in the morning : when we 
 came to higher land then any we had yet feene, (hxc we came 
 from Nottingham Hand. We flood into it, and came to an 
 Anker in 5 . faddome. Ifentcff the Boate, well man’d and 
 arm’d ; with order in writing what they were to doe : and 
 a charge to returnc againe , before Sunne-fet : The euening 
 came, and no newes of our Boater we fhot and made falfc 
 fires ; but had no anfwcr : which did much perplex vs, doub- 
 ting that there had fome diftaftcr befalne her , through care- 
 lefnefle, and in her we fiiould lofe all. W ee aboord,at prefent, 
 were not able to wey our Anker, nor fayle the Ship. At laft 
 we law a fire vpon the fihoare ; which made vs the more 
 doubtfull, becaufe they did notanfwer our fhot,nor falfe fires 
 with the like. Wee thought withall, that it had beene the 
 Saluages, who did now ti iumph in their conqueft. At length 
 they came, all fafe and well : andexcufed themfelues, in that 
 vpon their comming aflroare, it did ebbe fo fuddenly , that a 
 banke of fand was lo prefently dry without them , as they 
 could not come away, till that was couered againe : and with 
 that they pacified mee : They reported, that there Was great 
 ftore of drift wood , on the fhoarc : and a good quantitie 
 growing on the land. That they faw the tracks of Deere and 
 
 Bearc6 : 
 
a Faff age to the South Sai. 27 
 
 Beares : good ftore of Fowle ; (of which they had killed 
 feme) but no figneof people. That they part ouer two lit- 
 tle riuers , and came to a third ; which they could not pafle : 
 
 That it did flow veryneere three faddomes , fometimes; as 
 appeared by the flioare. That it was low water at fourc a 
 ckxke ; that the flood came from the North-weft : and that 
 it flowed halfetyde; which both they and we had perceiued 
 by the Ship. At low water, we had but three faddotne, where 
 WQ did ride. The winde began to blow hard at Eaft , where- 
 upon we weyed and ftood to the Northward till midnight : 
 Theninagaine; and in the morning wee (aw the land: and 
 then it began to blow hard, and as we ftood off, it increafed to 
 averyftorme; fo that at length wee could not maintainea 
 payre of courfes ; but tryed vnder our Maine courfe , ail day 
 and all night : fometime turning her head, to the Landward : 
 fbmetime to the Offing. 
 
 The 2 p. in the morning , we made account we had drouen 2 <f. 
 
 backe againe, fome 1 6. or 1 8. leagues : and in the morning 
 (as it decred ) wee faw a Ship to Leeward of vs fome three 
 or foure leagues : (o wee made (ayle and bore vp with her. 
 
 Shee was then at an Anker in 13. fadd. It was his Maiefties 
 Ship, and Captaine Foxe commanded in her. 
 
 I faluted him according to the manner of the Sea, andre- 
 ceiued the like of him. So I ftood into (ec the land , and 
 thought to tacke about,and keepe weather of him, and to fend 
 my Boataboord of him : but the, winde (Lifted , fo that for 
 that time I could not. In the eueoing , I came to weather of 
 him, andfent my Boat aboord of him; who prefently weigh- 
 ed, and ftood off with mec till midnight : and then we ftood 
 in againe. 
 
 In the morning Captaine Text and his friends, came aboord 
 of mee : where l entertained them in the beft manner I could: 
 and with fuch frefh meat as I had gotten from the (hoare ; I 
 told him, how I had named the land, T he South principality 
 of wales. I (hewed him how farrel hadbeeneto theEaft- 
 ward : where I had landed ; and in briefe, I made knowne to 
 him , all the dangers .of this Coaft , as farre as I had beene. 
 
 D 1 He 
 
A voyage for the aijc ottering 
 
 He told mec , how himfelfe had beene in Tort Nelfon .* and 
 had made blit a Curfory difeouery hitherto : and that he had' 
 not beene aland; nor had not many times feene the land. In 
 the euening, after I had giuen his men fome neceflaries, w ith 
 Tobacco and other things which they wanted : hee departed 
 aboord his Ship : and the next morning , flood away South 
 South- weft: fince which time, I neuer fa whim. Thewinde 
 fomethingfauouringmee, I flood in for thefhoarc; andfo 
 proceeded alongfl it, in fight. 
 
 This moneth of jingnfl ended with Snow and Haile • the 
 weather being as cold, as at any time I haue felt in England. 
 
 September i . We coafled alongfl the fhoare in i o. faddomes, and when 
 
 it clecred ; in fight of land. At length the water fhoalded to 
 6 . and 5 . fadd. and as it eleered, we faw it all breaches to Lee- 
 ward; fb we hull’d off, North North-eafl,but flill raifed land. 
 By night, we had much adoe to get fafely out of this dange- 
 rous Bay. At midnight, the winde came vp at South, and fo 
 we tooke in our fayles , and let the Ship driue to the North- 
 ward into deeper water. This day, was the firfl time, the 
 Chirurgion told mec,that there were diuers of the men tain- 
 ted with ficknefle. At noonc, we were in latitude 55.12. 
 
 2. The fecond, we flood in againe for the fhoare ; but as we 
 
 came in to fhoald water, it began to blow : the weather being 
 winterly and foule ; threatninga florme : wherein we were 
 notdeceiued, for that in Handing off, wee had a violent one. 
 
 5 . By midnight it broke vp ; and the third in the morning, wee 
 
 flood in againe : and by a 1 1 . wee faw it. Here wee found 
 the land to trend South South-eafl and South : fo that wc 
 knew, we were at a Cape Land: and named it Cape Henrietta 
 Maria : by her Maieflies name ; Who had before named our 
 Ship. Atnoone, we were in latitude 55.05. and that is the 
 height of the Cape. 
 
 From Port Nelfon to this Cape, the land trends (generally) 
 Eafl South-eafl, but makes with points and Bayes : which in 
 the particulars doth alter it a point, two or three. Thcdi- 
 flance is about one hundred and thirtie leagues : the variation 
 at this Cape taken by Amplitude, is about fixtcenc degrees. 
 
 A 
 
a Pnjfage to the South Sen. 29 
 
 A moft fhoald and perilous coaft : in which there is not one 
 Harbour to be found. 
 
 The third day in the afternoone,we had a tearing ftormc at 3« 
 North ; which continued till midnight, in extreme violence. 
 
 The fourth in the morning ( the ftormc being broke vp ) 4 * 
 
 we flood in againe , South- Weft. The weather was very - 
 thicke, and we founded continually : but by noone itcleered 
 and we faw the land. Here it did trend South by Eaft, and the 
 tydes did fet alongft it, with a quicke motion. In the euening, 
 there came a great rowling Sea out of the North North-eaft, 
 and by eight a dockc, it blew very hard at South-eaft, and by 
 reafon of the incounter of the windeand this great Sea : the 
 Sea was all in a breach ; and to make vp a pcrfeft tempeft, it 
 did fo lighten, fnow, raine, and blow, all the night long, that 
 I was neucr in the like : W c fhipt many Seas ; but one moft 
 dangerous : which rackt vs fore and aft: that I verily thought 
 it had funke the Ship:Itftrooke her with fuchaviolcnce.The 
 Ship did labour moft terribly in this diftra&ion of winde and 
 waues : and wc had much adoeto kcepc all things faft in the 
 hold, and betwixt decks. 
 
 The lift in the morning, the winde fhifted South- Weft, J. 
 but changed not his condition ; but continued in his old anger 
 and fury. In the afternoonc, it fhifted againe totheNortb- 
 wefl, and there fhowed his vttermoft malice; and in that tea- 
 ring violence , that nor I , nor any that were then with mee, 
 ener faw the Sea in f uch a breach. Our Ship was fo tormented, 
 and did fo labour ; with taking it in on both fides, and at both 
 ends : that we were in a moft miferable diftreffe , in this fo 
 vnknowne a place. At eight a clocke in the euening , the 
 ftorme brake vp : and we had fome quietnefle in the night 
 following: not one hauing flept one winkc in 3 o. hourcs be- 
 fore. If this ftorme had continued Eaftcrly,as it was at firft, 
 without Gods goodneffe we had all perifhed. 
 
 The fixt, the winde was at South-weft, fo that wee could <S. 
 donogoodtotheWeftward. We fpent the time therefore, 
 in trimming of our Ship: we brought all our coales (which 
 for the moft part was great Coalc) aft : as we all'o did fome 
 
 D 3 other 
 
 
 ! 
 
8 . 
 
 to. 
 
 o<f Voydgefor the difcouering 
 
 other things; and all to lighten her afore. Others did picke 
 our bread ; whereof there was much wet : for doc what we 
 could, we fhipt abundance of water betwixt decks : which 
 ranne into the hold , and into our bread-roome : for the Sea, 
 indeed, fo continually ouer-rackt vs , that we were like Ionas 
 in the Whales belly : We ouer-lookcd our Tacks and Shoots, 
 with other Riggings of ftreffe : becaufe that henceforward, 
 we were to looke for no other but W inter weather : This 
 euening our Boate-fwayne ( a painefull man, and one that had 
 laboured extremely thefc two or three dayes) was very ficke: 
 fwouning away three or foure times : inibmuch that wee 
 thought verily, he would prefently haue dyed. 
 
 The feuenth in the morning, the winde came vp at South- 
 eaft, and vve flood away South-weft , vnder all the fayle we 
 could make. In this courfe , we law an Hand and came dofe 
 aboord it: and had twentie fadd. water, which was fome com- 
 fort to vs: for hitherto, we could not come within foure or 
 flue leagues of the fhoare, at that depth. This Hand Hands 
 in 54. to. Theaftemoonc, we flood away South- weft, and 
 in the euening, had the ilioalding of the Weftcme Ihoare, in 
 i o. 8. and 7. fadd. but it was fo thicke, that we could not fee 
 the land. It isabout 1 4. leagues , betwixt this Hand and the 
 Maine. 
 
 The eight was thicke, foggie, and calme : which fo conti- 
 nued till the ninth-aboutfixe in the morning. The winde then 
 comming vp at South South- weft : ( though very foggy) we 
 flood to the Eaftward : keeping our lead going continually. 
 In the euening, the water ftioalded co 10. and 9. fadd : where- 
 fore we Hood off and on, all night. 
 
 The tenth we made it : finding it an Hand, of about 8. or 
 9. leagues long. It Hands in latitude *3. y. and about iy 
 leagues from the Wefterne Ihoare. The part of ir, that we 
 coafled, trends Weft North-weft : I named it my Lord fVe- 
 flonslland • We flood ftill away to the Eaftward : it being 
 broken foggie weather. In the aftemoone, we diferyed land 
 to the Eaftward of vs: which made like three hils, or hum- 
 tnockes:Towards them we fayle; keeping our lead ftill going: 
 
 and 
 
 r\ 
 
4 Pajfage to the South Sea. ^ r 
 
 and very circumfpeft. At length wee alfo fawland to the 
 Southward of vs: whereupon wcloofevp, and now make 
 for that : by courfe a s we had fet it in the thicke darke fogge. 
 
 We came in amongft fuch low broken grounds, breachcs,and 
 rockcs ; that we knew not which way to turne vs : but God 
 be thanked it was but little winde ; and fo we came to an An- 
 ker* Soone after it cleered; at which time we could fee no- 
 thing but lands, rocks , and breaches , round about vs : that 
 way onely excepted, which we came in. I fent prefently the 
 Boate to found amongft the fhoalds and rocks: that if wee 
 fhould be put to extrcmitie,we might haue fome knowledge 
 which way to goe. This night prooued caline and faire wea- 
 ther : and we rid quietly. 
 
 The cleuenth in the morning, I went in the Boate afhoare n. 
 my felfe : and whilft I was a land , I fent the Boate about a- 
 mongft the broken grounds, to found. I found this Hand, vt- 
 terly barren of aligoodnefle : yea of that which I thought 
 cafilyto haue found: which was Scuruy-grafle, SorniCor 
 fome herbe or other, to haue refiefhed our ficke people. I 
 could not perceiue that the tyde did flow here ( ordinarily) a- 
 boue two foot.Therc was much drift wood on the fhore:and 
 fome of it droue vp very high , on the North fide of the I- 
 land : whereby I iudged that the ftorrnes were very great at 
 North, in the W inter. Thus I returned aboord ; and fent ma- 
 ny of our ficke men to another part of the Hand, to fee if 
 they themfelues could fortunately finde any reliefe for their 
 griefes. At noone, by good obferuation, we were in latitude 
 52.45. Intheeucning,ourmen returned comfortldfe : and 
 then we weyed and ftood to the Weft ward , comming to an 
 Anker Wider another Hand, in 20. faddomes. 
 
 The twelfth in the morning, it began to blow hard at *2. 
 South-eaft, which was partly of the fhoare ; and the Ship be- 
 gan to driue : it being foft oozie ground. W e heaued in our 
 Anker thereupon , and came to fayle vndcr two courfes. 
 Whileftthc moftwerebufic in heauing out of Top-fayles : 
 fome, that fhould haue had fpeciall care of the Ship ranneher 
 afhoare vpon^hc rocks : out of meere carclcfhefle,in looking 
 
 out 
 
 1 / 
 
A voyage jor we aijcuncring 
 
 out and about or heaving of the Icadc , after they had f-cne 
 the land all night long, and mought eucn then haue feene it, if 
 they had not beenc blinded with felfe conceit, and beene cnui- 
 oufly oppofite in opinions. The firft blow, ftroketncoutof 
 a dead fleepe , and I running out of my Cabbin; thought no 
 other at firft, but I had beene wakened (when I faw our dan- 
 ger ) to prouide my felfe for another W orld. 
 
 After I had contrould a little paflion in my felfe , and had 
 checkt fomebad counfell that wasgiuenme, toreuengemy 
 felfe vponthofe that had committed this error : I ordered 
 what fhould be done to get off thefe Rockes and ftones. 
 Firft we halde all our fayle abacke-flayles ; but that did no ' 
 good, but make herbeate the harder. Whereupon we ftrooke 
 all our fayles amaine ; and furdeld them vp clofe, tearing 
 downe our fterne , to bring the Cable thorow the Cabbin to 
 Capftang: and fb laid out an Anker to heaue her afterne. I 
 made all the water in hold to be ftau’d : and let fome to the 
 pumpes to pumpe it out , and did intend to doe the like with 
 our Beere ; Others I put to throw out all our Coales: which 
 was foone and readily done. W e quoyld out our Cables into 
 our long boate; all this while, the Ship beating fo fearefully, 
 that we law fome of the fheathing fwim by vs. Then ftood 
 we, as many as we could, to the Capftang : and heaued with 
 fiich a good will, that the Cable brake, and we loft our An- 
 ker. Out, with all fpeede, therefore, we put another: Wee 
 could not now perceiue whether fhe did leake or no; and 
 that by reafon we were imployed in pumping out the water, 
 which we had bulged in hold : though we much doubted , 
 that fhe had receiued he r deaths wound : wherefore we put 
 into the Boate the Carpenters tooles , a barrell of bread , a 
 barrell of powder, fixe muskets, with fome match; and a tin- 
 der-boxe, filh, hookes and lines, pitch and okum: and to be 
 breefe, what-eucr could be thought on in fuch an extremity. 
 All this we fent afhoare , to prolong a niiferable life for a 
 few dayes. Wc were fiuc houres thus beating; in which 
 time fhe ftrooke i oo. blowes : infomuch that we thought 
 cuery ftroke had bin the laft that it was pofiible fhe could 
 
 haue 
 
33 
 
 a Paffage to the South Sea. 
 
 bane endured. The water , we could not perceine in all this 
 time, to flowe any thing at all: at length, it pleafed God, Hie 
 beat ouer all the Rockes: though yet wee knew not whe- 
 ther flic were Ranch, Whereupon , to pumping we goe on 
 all hands, till we made the pumpes£icke : and then we faw 
 how much water fhe did make inaglaflc. VVc found her 
 to be very leakie ; but wee went to prayer and gaue God 
 thankes it was no worfe : and fo fitted all things againe, and 
 got further off and came to an Anker. In the Euening, it be- 
 gan to blow very hard at W. S. W. which if it had done 
 whileft we were on the Rockes, we had loft our Ship with- 
 out any redemption. With much adoc, we wayde our Anker, 
 and let her driue to the Eaft ward amongft the broken grounds 
 and Rockes: the boate going before, founding. At length, 
 we came amongft breaches ; and the boate made fignes to vs 
 that there was no going further. Amongft the Rockes there- 
 fore we againe came to an Anker, where we did ride all night: 
 and where our men which were tyred out with extreme la- 
 bour , were indifferent well refreshed. Here I firft noted , 
 that when the wind was at S. it flowed very little or no wa- 
 ter at all; fothat we could not bring our Ship aground to 
 looke to her: for we did pumpe almoft continually. 
 
 The 1 3. at noone we wayed,and flood to the Weftward : 13. 
 
 but in that courfe, it was all broken grounds, ftioaldes and 
 funken Rockes : fo that we wondered with our fclues, how 
 we came in amongft them in a thicke fogge. Then we fliaptc 
 our courfe to the"North-ward : and after fome confutation 
 with my affociates, I refolued to get about this land , and fo 
 to goe downe into the bottome of Hudfons B aye ; and fee if 
 I could difeouer a way. into the Riuer of Canada : and if 
 I failed of that, then to winter on the makie Land; where 
 there is more comfort to be expefted , then among Rockes 
 or Hands. We flood alongft the fhoare , in fight of many 
 breaches. When it was night, we flood vnder our fore-fayle; 
 the leade ftill going. At laft, the water fhoalded vpon vs, to 
 * o. fad. and it began to blow hard. W e tackte about , and it 
 did deepen to 1 2. and 1 4. fad. but by and by, it fhoalded againe 
 
 E to 
 
.rs y eyagejor we accoutring 
 
 to 8. fad. Then we tackt about againc; and fuddenly it fhoal- 
 dedto 6 . and 5. fad. fowee ftrookeour fayle amaine, and 
 chopttoananker : refoluing to ride it out for life and death. 
 W e riddc all night a great ftrefl'e ; fo that our bitces did rife, 
 and wc thought they would haue beenc torne to pieces. 
 
 Atbreake of day the 14. we were ioyfull men: and when 
 we could looke about , we difcricd an Hand fome 2. leagues 
 offj atW. by N. and this was the fhoald that lay about it. 
 Here did runne a diftrafted, but yeta very quicke Tyde : of 
 which we taking the opportunity, got vp our Anker , and 
 flood N. W. to clecrc our felues of this fhoald. In the aftcr- 
 noonc , the wind came vp at N. E. and we flood alongft the 
 Eafterne fhoarc in fight of a multitude of breaches. In the 
 Euening, it began to blow a florme not fayle- worthy 5 and the 
 fea went very high, and was all in a breach. Our fhallop, 
 which wcdidnowtoweat flerne, being moord with two 
 hawfcrs , was funken : and did fpincby her moorings, with 
 herkeelevp, 20. times in anhoure. This made our fhip to 
 hull very broad ; fo that the feadid continually ouer-rake vs: 
 yet we indured it, and thought to recouer her. All night, the 
 florme continued with violence , and with fome raine in the 
 morning : it then being very thicke weather. The vyater 
 fhoalded apace ; with fuchan ouer-growne fea withall, that 
 a fayle was not to be endured : and what was as ill, there was 
 no trailing to an Anker. Now therefore began we to pre- 
 pare our felues, how to make a good end, of a miferable tor- 
 mented life. About noonc as it cleered vp, we faw two Hands 
 vnder our lee; whereupon wc bare vp to them : and feeing an 
 opening betwixt them , wc indeauoured to get into it before 
 night : for that there was no hope of vs, if we continued out 
 at fea , that night. Therefore come life , come death , we 
 muft runne thishazzard. We found it to be a good found : 
 where we ridde all night fafely , and reconered our flrengtbs 
 againe, which were much impared with continual! labour. 
 But before we could get into this good place, our fhallop 
 broke away (being moord with 2. hawfers) and we loft hef 
 to our great griefe : Thus now had we but the Ship boate 
 
 and 
 
and fhe was all torne and broiled too. This Hand was the 
 fame that we had formerly coafted the W efter fide of ; 
 and had named my Lord Weft on i Hand. Here we remained 
 till the 19. in which time it did nothing butfiiowand blow 
 extremely, infomnch that we durft not put our boate ouer- 
 boord. 
 
 This 19. The wind fhifted N.N. E. and we wayde and r ^' 
 flood to the Southward : but by noonc the wind came vp at 
 S. and fo we came to an Anker vnder another Hand , on 
 which I went afhoarc , and named it The Earle of Brifto Is 
 Hand. The Carpenter wrought hard in repairing our boate: 
 whileft I wandered vp and downe on this defart Hand, I 
 could not pcrceiue, that cuer there had becne any Saluages on 
 it : and in breefe, w? could finde neither Fifh, Fowle, nor 
 Hcarbe vpon it;fo that I returned comfortlcffe aboord againe. 
 
 The tydes doe high about fome 6 . Foot: now that the wind 
 is Northerly. The flood comes from the North: and it doth 
 flow balfetyde; The full fea this day, was at one adocke. 
 
 Here, feeing the windes continue fo Northerly, that we could 
 not get about to goe into Hndfins Baye ; we confidercda- 
 gaine what was beft to dee , to looke out for a wintering 
 place. Some aduifed me to goe for Port N elfin : becaufc we 
 were certaine that there was a Coue, where we might bring 
 in our Ship. Iliktehotthatcounfell; for that it is a moft pe- 
 rilous place, and that it might be fb long ere we could get 
 thither, that we might be debard by the Ice. Moreouer, fee- 
 ing it was fo cold here, as that euery night our rigging did 
 freeze : and that fometimes in the Morning , we did fliouefl 
 away the {now halfe afoote thicke off our deckes : and in 
 that Latitude too' : I thought it farre worfe in the other place. 
 
 I refolued thereupon, to ftand againe to the Southward, there 
 to looke for fbme little Creeke or Coue for our Ship. 
 
 The 21. the windecamevpatN. and wc wayde: although 21 • 
 it was a very thicke fogge , and flood away S. W. to deere 
 our felues of the flioalds that were on the point of this Hand. 
 
 This Hand isinLat. 55. 10. When we were cleere,wefteerd 
 away S. At noonc the fogge turned into rainc : but very 
 
 E 2 thicke 
 
3 6 
 
 22 . 
 
 A Fojage for the difc ottering 
 
 thicke weather ; and it did thunder all theafternoone : which 
 made vs doubt a ftorme : for all which, wee aduenturedto 
 proceed. In the euening, the winde increafed ; and blew hard: 
 wherefore vve tooke in all our fayles , and let herdriue to the 
 Southward, heauing the lead cuerv glaffe. Our depth, when 
 we tooke in our fayles, was 30. fadd. and it did increafe to 
 45 . which was a great, comfort to vs in the darke : At mid- 
 night, our depth began fuddenlyto decreafe; andasfaft as 
 the lead could be heaued, itfhoaldedto 20. fadd. wherefore 
 we chopt to an Anker and trimmed our Ship aft, to mount on 
 the Sea, and fitted all things to ride it out. There was no need 
 to bid our men watch ; not one of them put his eyes together 
 all the night long. We rid it out well all the night : although 
 the Sea went very loftic : and that it did blow very hard. 
 
 The 2i. in the morning, when we could Iooke about vs ; 
 we faw an Hand vnder our Lee fomc league off : all being 
 fhoalds and breaches, betwixt vs and it. At noone ( with the 
 helpeof the windward tyde) we attempted to hauevpour 
 Anker : although the Sea (till went very loftie. loyning all 
 our ftrengths therefore, with our beft skils ; God be thanked, 
 we had it vp : but before we could fet our fayles , wee were 
 driuen into nine fadd. Indeauouring thereupon to double a 
 point, to get vnder the Lee of this Hand; the water fhoalded 
 to 7. 6 . and 5 . fadd. but when we were about , it did deepen 
 againe and we come to an Anker in a very good place ; And 
 it was very good for vs, that we did : for the winde increafed 
 to a very ftorme. Here wee rid well all the night, tooke good 
 reft, and recouered our fpent ftrengths againe. The laft night 
 and this morning, it did (now and hayle , and was very cold : 
 neuerthelcffe I tooke theBoate and went afhoare tolooke 
 for fome Creeke or Coue to haue in our Ship ; for fhec was 
 very leaky :and the company becomne fickly and weake,with 
 much pumping and extreme labour. This Hand when wee 
 cametothcfhoarc ; it was nothing but ledges of rocks, and 
 bankesof land : and there went a very great furfe on them. 
 Neuerthelefle I made them rowe thorow it ; and aftioare I 
 got with two more, and made them rowe off without the 
 
 breaches; 
 
37 
 
 a Pafftge to the South Sea. 
 
 breaches ; and there to come to an Anker and to flay for mee : 
 
 I made what fpeed I could to the top of a hill , to difcouer a- 
 bout: but could not fee what we looked for: Thus becaufc 
 it began to bio w hard, I made liaftc towards the Boatc againc. 
 
 I found that it had ebbed fo low, that the Boate could not by 
 any meanes come neere the fhoare for mee : fo that we were 
 faine to wade thorow the furfe and breaches to her:in which, 
 fomc tooke fuch a cold, that they did complaine of it to their 
 dying day . But now it began to blow hard , fo that we could 
 not get but little to windward toward our Ship: for the wind 
 was fhifted fincc we went a{hoare,& return to the fhoare, we 
 could not, by reafon of the furfe. W elkwe row for life, they in 
 the Ship, let out a Buoy by a long warpe; & by Gods affi dance 
 we got to it:and fo haled vp to the Shipjwherc we were well 
 welcom’d, & we all reioye’d together.This was a premonition 
 to vs; to be carefull how we ferit off the Boate; for that it was 
 winter weather already. I named this Hand, S ir Thomas Roes 
 jUind : It is full of fmall wood ; but in other benefits not ve- 
 ry rich : and (lands in latitude 52. 10. At noone, we weyed : 
 feeing an Hand that bare South South-cad of vs, fome foure 
 leagues off; which was the higheft land we had yet feenc in 
 this Bay : but as we came neere it, it fuddenly fhoalded to 6 . 
 5 . and 4. fadd. Wherefore we ftrooke our fayles amaine,and 
 chopt to an Anker •• but it was very fonle ground, and when 
 the Ship was winded vp,we had but three fadd. at her Sterne. 
 As it cleered , we could fee the breaches all alongft vndcr our 
 . Lee : holding it fafe therefore to day long here ; we fettled 
 euery thing in order, for the Ship to fall the right way. We 
 had vp our Anker, got into deeper water ; and flood ouer a- 
 gaine for Sir Thomas Roes Hand : which by night we brought 
 in the windeof vs ; fome two leagues off: which did well 
 fheltervs. The tydesrunne very quicke here amongftthefe 
 fhoalds ; and their times of running ebbe, or flood, be very 
 vneertaine : Their currants, are likewife fo diftradtcd,that ill 
 the night there is no fay ling by the Compafle : wherefore we 
 were faine to feeke euery night fomc new place of fecuritie 
 to come to an Anker. 
 
 The 
 
38 
 
 24 - 
 
 * 5 - 
 
 The 24. in the morning, it did lower, and threaten a ftortne: 
 which made vs with the windward tyde , wey to get neercr 
 vnder the Hand. It was very thicke foggie weather : and as 
 we flood to the North-eaftward,we came to very vneertaine 
 depths :atonecaft,2o. fadd. the next 7. then 10. y.8.and 5. 
 and comming to the other tacke , we were worfe then we 
 were before, the Currants making a foole of our beft Judge- 
 ments, in the thicke fogge when we could fee no land-marks. 
 TtplcafedGod,that we got cleere of them: and endeauou- 
 red to get vnder the Lee of the Hand. This being not able to 
 doe, wee were fainetocome to an Anker in 55. fadd. fome 
 two leagues off the fhoare: All this afternoonc (and indeed 
 all night too) it did (now and hayle : and was. very cold. 
 
 ( The a 5 . wee weyed, and thought to get to the Eaft ward : 
 but as wee tackt to and againc, the winde fliifted fo in our 
 tecths, that it put vs within a quarter of a mile of the very 
 jnoare: where we chopt to an Anker and rid it out for life 
 and death. Such miferies as thefe , we indured amongft thefc 
 lhoalds and broken grounds : or rather more defperate then 
 
 I haue related: ( very vnpleafant perchance to be re^j with 
 
 fnow, haile, and ftormy weather,and colder then euer I felt it 
 in England in my life. Our flioote- Anker was do wnc twice 
 or thrice a day : which extreme paines made a great part of 
 
 this moneth of September : which we thought would haue 
 put an end to our miferies : fornowwe weredrinpnamr.r.frA 
 
 vs, vntill the 30. of 
 
 Ob, 
 
a Pajfage to the South Sea . 
 
 39 
 
 O H, my poore foule, why doeft thou gricue to fee 
 So many Deaths mufter to murther mee ? 
 
 Looke to thy felfe, regard not mee ; for I 
 Muft doe ( for what I came ) performe, or die. 
 
 So thou may ft free thy felfe from being in 
 A dung-hill dungeon; Ameerefinke of finne 
 And happily be free’d, if thoubcleeue. 
 
 Truly in God through Chrift,and cuer liue. 
 
 Be therefore glad yet : ere thou goe from hence, 
 
 For our ioynt finnes, let’s doe fomc penitence, 
 Vnfainedly together. When we part, 
 
 He wifh the Angels Ioy , with all my heart. 
 
 Wehaue with confidence relyde vpon 
 A ruftie wyre, toucht with a little Stone, 
 
 Incompaft round with paper, and alaflfe 
 T o houfe it harmelcfle, nothing but a glafle. 
 
 And thought to fhun a thoufand dangers, by 
 The blind direction of this fenfelcftc ft ye. 
 
 When the fierce winds fhatter’dblacke nights afunder, 
 Whofepitchie clouds, {pitting forth fire and thunder , 
 Hath fhqoke the earth, and made the Ocean roarc ; 
 Andrunnetohide it, in the broken ftioare : 
 
 Now thou muft Steere by faith ; a better guide, 
 
 ’Twill bring thee fafe to heauen againft the tyde 
 • Of Satans malice. Now let quiet gales 
 Of fauing grace, infpire thy zealous fayles: 
 
 The 
 
40 
 
 Ottober i , 
 
 ii[couenng 
 
 A Voyage for the dtfci 
 
 Thcfirft of Otteber was indifferent fairc weather ; and 
 with a windward tyde, out went our Boate, to found a chan- 
 nell to help vs out of this perilous place.The Boat,within two 
 houres fhee returned : and told vs, how fhee had beene away 
 where there was not leffe then 1 i. fadd. We prefently, there- 
 upon weyed ; but found it otherwife : and came amongft 
 many ftrange races, and ouer-falles , vpon which there went 
 a very great and breaking Sea : As we proceeded, the water 
 fhoaldedto 6. fadd. Well 1 there was no remedy, we muft 
 goe forward: happybeluckie; feeing there neither was any 
 riding; and as little hope to turne any way with afayle, but 
 that there appeared prefent death in it. It pJeafedGodfoto 
 diredt vs, that wegotthorow it : hauing no leffe then fiuefc- 
 ueralfandall very vneertaine depths. The water, fometimes 
 deepened to 20. fadd. then vpona fudden, it fhoalded to 7 .6. 
 and 5. faddomes : fo we ftrookc all our fayles amainc , and 
 chopt to an Anker, where wee rid till midnight , for life and 
 death: it blowing a mercileffe gale of winde, and the Sea go- 
 ing very loftie , and all in a breach. The ground was foulc 
 ground too, infomuch that wee doubted our Cable, eucry 
 minute. 
 
 The fecond in the morning was little winde : wherefore 
 taking the opportunity of the tyde, the Boate went forth to 
 found : which returning againe in two houres , told vs how 
 they had founded about that fhoald, and had found a place of 
 fome fafetietoridcin ; and had beene in no leffe water then 
 fiue faddome. We weyed; and found our Cable galled in two 
 places: which had foone failed vs, if the foule weather had 
 continued. W e ftood the fame way , that the Boat did direef 
 vs : but it prooued fo calme , that wee came to an Anker in 
 1 8. faddome. ItooketheBoate, and went afhoarc onanl- 
 Iand, that was to the Southward of vs : which I named. The 
 Earle of Dan byes Hand : From the higheft place in it,I could 
 fee it all broken grounds and fhoalds, to the Southward : and 
 rather worfe, then any thing better, then that which we had 
 beene in. I found that the Saluagcs had beene vpon it : and 
 that it was full of wood. I made hafte to the Boate to found 
 
 the 
 
a Pa-fage to the South Sea. 
 
 the Rayefor feare of fhoalds and fun ken Rockes : but found 
 it indifferent good. Toward the Euening, it began to blow 
 hard: wherefore we made towards the Ship. She put forth 
 a Buoy and a u ai pc ; and we rowing for life to recouer her, 
 were put to Lee-ward of her: but by getting hold of the 
 warpe,we halde vp to hcr.The boate we left halfe full of wa- 
 ter: our felues being as wet as drown’d rats; and it made vs 
 the more rcioyce , that we had efcapt this great danger. All 
 night, we had a very hard rodc-fteede ; it blowing a moft 
 violent gale of wind, with fnow andhaile. 
 
 The third about noone , the wind duld ; and we had vp 
 our Anker, Handing in further into the Baye into foure fad. 
 ^nd a halfe water. Here we came againc to an Anker, with 
 our fecond Anker : for many of our men are now fick*j and 
 the reft fo weakened, that we can hardly way our ftioote- 
 Anchor; I tooke the Boate, and wcntprefently alhoare to fee 
 what comfort I could find; This was the fir ft time, that I put 
 foote on this Hand ; which was the fame that we did after 
 winter vpon. I found the tracks of Deere, and fawfbme 
 Fowle: but that that did reioyce me moft, was, that I did 
 fee an opening into the Land, as ifithadbeeneariuer. To it 
 we make with all fpeede, but found it to be barr’d; and not 
 a. foote water at full fea on the Barrc : and yet within, a 
 moft excellent fine Harbour , hauing 4, fad. water. In the 
 Euening I return’d aboord , bringing little comfort for our 
 ficke men, more then hopes. 
 
 The 4. it did fnow and blow very hard; yet I got afhoare, 
 and appointed the boate to goc to another place, (which made 
 like a Riucr) and to found it. In the meane time, 1 went with 
 foure more, Lome 4. or 5. miles vp into the Countrey ; but 
 could find no releefe all that way for our ficke, but a few Ber- 
 ries oncly . After we had well wearied our felues in the trou- 
 blefome woods , wee return’d to the place I had appointed 
 the boate to tarry for me: where at my comming I ftill found 
 her, (he hauing notbeene where I had ordered her, for it had 
 blowne luch a fierce gale of wind , that fhe could not row to 
 wind- ward. Thus we return’d aboord, with no good newcs. 
 
 F It 
 
Voyage for the dtfcouering 
 
 It continued foulc weather, with (now and hailc, and extreme 
 cold ; till the 6 . when with a fauouring winde, we flood in 
 neerer to the fhoare, and here moord the (hip. 
 
 The 7. it fnow’d all day; fo that we were faine to clcare it 
 of the Decks with fhouels; and it blew a very ftorme with- 
 all. It continued fnowing and very cold weather, and it did 
 fo freeze, that all the bowes of the Ship, with her beake-head 
 was all Ice : about the Cable alfo , was Tee as bigge as a mans 
 middle. The bowes of the boate were likewife frozen halfc a 
 footcthicke, fo that we were faine to hew and beate it off. 
 TheSunncdid fliine verydeerej and we tore the top-iayles 
 out of the tops , which were hard frozen in them , into a 
 lumpe: fo that there they hung a Sunning all day , in a very 
 lumpe ; theSunnenot hatting power tothawe one drop of 
 them. After the Boate was fitted, we rowed towards the 
 fhoare : but could not come neere the place where we were 
 vfedto land, for that it was all thickned water with the 
 fnow , that had fallen vpon the fands, that are dry at low 
 water. This made it fo difficult to row, that we could not 
 fet through it with 4. oares : yet fomething higher to the 
 Weft-ward, we got afhoare. Seeing now" the winter to 
 come thus extremely on vpon vs, and that We had very lit- 
 tle wood aboord ; I made them fill the boate, and wenta- 
 boord and fent the Carpenter and others to cut wood; others 
 to carry it to the water fide : whileft the boate brought it 
 aboord , for I doubted that we were likely to be debat’d the 
 fhoare, and that we fhould notgoe to and againewith the 
 boate. Jt wasmiferable and cold already aboord the Ship : 
 suery thing did freeze in the Hold, and by the fire fide : See- 
 ing therefore that we could no longer make vfe of our fay les 
 (which be the wings of a Ship) "it raifed a many of doubts 
 in our mindes , that here we muft flay and winter. After 
 we had brought fo much wood aboord, as we could conue- 
 nicntly ftowe, and enough as I thought would haue lafted 
 *• or 3. moneths: The fteke men defired that fome little 
 houfe or houell might be built a fhoare, whereby they might 
 be the better fheltered, and recoucr their healths. I tooke 
 
 the 
 
4 Paffage to the South Sea. 
 
 the Carpenter (and others whom I thought fit for fuch a pur- 
 pofe) andchoofing out a place, they went immediately to 
 worke vpon it. In the meane fpace, I my felfe accompanied 
 with fome others , vvandcred vp and downe in the Woods, 
 to fee if we could difcouer any fignes of Salvages, that fo 
 we might the better prouide for ourfafeties , againft them. 
 We found no appearance that there was any on this Hand; 
 nor necre vnto it : The fiiow by this time was halfe Iegge 
 high ; and {talking through it, wc returned comfortlefle to 
 our Companions : who had all this time wrought well vp- 
 on our houle. They aboord the Ship, tooke downe our top- 
 fayles in the meane while , and made a great fire vpon the 
 hearth in the hatch way fo that hailing well thaw’d thCm , 
 they folded them vp , and put them betwixt deckes , 
 that if we had any weather, they might bring themagainc 
 to yard : Thus in the Euening we returned aboord. 
 
 The 12. wetookeour maine fayle from the yard which 
 was hard frozen to it : andcarryedit aihoare, tocouer our 
 houie withall : being firft faine to thawe it by a great fire; 
 By night they had coucrcd it ; and had almoft hedged it a- 
 bout : and the fixe builders did defire to lye in it afhoare that 
 night , which I condifcended vnto : hauing firft fitted them 
 with Muskets and other furniture ; and a charge to keepe 
 good watch all night. Moreouer they had a fhoare a. Grey- 
 hounds ( a dogge and a bitch ) which I had brought out of 
 England. , to kill vs fbme Deere , if happily we could finde 
 any. 
 
 By the i;. at night, ourhonfe Was ready; and our fixe 
 builders defired they might trauell vp into the Country to fee 
 what they could difcouer. 
 
 The 1 4. betimes in the morning , being fitted with muni- 
 tion, and their order to keepe togethcr(but cfpecially to feeke 
 out fome Creeke or Cove for our Ship) they departed. Wc 
 aboord, tooke downe our two top-mafts and their rigging: 
 making account if we did remooue, to make vfe of our fore- 
 fayleandmizzen. 
 
 The 1 5. in the Euening our hunters returned very weary , 
 
 F 2 and 
 
 45 
 
 12. 
 
 * 5 * 
 
 15 - 
 
T 
 
 A Voyage for the difc ottering 
 
 and brought with them a final!, leane Deere , in 4 quarters : 
 which reioyced vs all, hoping we fhould hauehad more of 
 them, to refrefh our ficke men withall. They reported, that 
 they had wandered aboue io. miles, and had brought this 
 Deere aboue 1 2 .mile: and that they had feene 9 or 10. more: 
 The la ft night, they had a very cold lodging in the woods; 
 and fo it appeard, for they lookt all almoft ftarued, nor could 
 they recouer themfelues in 3. or 4. dayes after. They faw no 
 ftgne of Salvages, nor of any rauening wild beafts, nor yet a- 
 ny hope of harbour. 
 
 17 • The 17. my Lieutenant and y. more, defired they might 
 try their fortunes in trauelling about the Hand. But they had 
 farre worfe lucke then the others, although they endured out 
 all night , and had wandered very farre in the fnow ( which 
 was now very deepe) and returned comfortlcffe and mifera- 
 bly difabled with the coldnefle. But what was worfe then all 
 thk, they had loft one of their company , Iohtt 'Barton, name- 
 ly our Gunners mate ; who being very weary, meerly to faue 
 the going about , had attempted to goe ouer a pond that was 
 a quarter of a mile over; where when he was in the very 
 middeft, the Ice brake andclofed vponhim, andweneucr 
 law him more. Confidering thefe difafters, I refolued to fifti 
 no more with a golden hookc : for feare , I weakned my 
 felfc more with one hunting, then 20. fuch deare Deeres 
 could doe me good. Being now allured, that there was no 
 Salvages vpon the Hand, nor yet about vs on the other Hands: 
 nonoronthemaine neither, as farre as we could difeouer, 
 ( which we further proued by making of fires ) and that the 
 cold lealon was now in that extremity , that they could not 
 come to vs, if there were any : we comforted and rcfrelhed 
 ourfelues, by fleeping the more fecurely. We changed our 
 Hand garrifbn , cuery weeke ; and for other refrefhing wc 
 were like to haue none till the Spring. 
 
 From this 10. to the 29. it did (by interims ) fnow and 
 blow fb hard , that the boate could hardly aduenture afhoarc, 
 and but fcldome land, vnlelfethemendid wade in the thicke 
 congealed water, carrying one another. We did fenfibly per- 
 
 ceiue 
 
4 * 
 
 a Pajfage to the South Sea. 
 
 ceiuc withal! , how wee did daily finke into more miferies. 
 
 The land was all deepe coucred with flow ; the cold did 
 multiply; and the thicke iiiow waterdid increafe : and what 
 would become of vs, our moft mercifull Godandprefcruer 
 knew onely. 
 
 The 19.1 obferuedan Eclipfe of the Moone,with what care 
 pofllbly I could both in the tryall of the exa&nefle of our 
 inftruments, as alfo in the obferuation : Ircferre you to the 
 obferuation in the latter end of this Relation : where it is at 
 large deferibed. Thismoneth of Otlober ended with (now 
 and bitter cold weather. 
 
 The firft of November I cart vp accounts with the Stew- November 1 . 
 ard concerning our vitftuall : the third part of our time being 
 this day out. I found him an honeft man for he gaue me 
 an account euery weeke what was fpent ; and what was ftill 
 in the hold remaining vuder his hand : 1 would take no ex- 
 cufe of leakage or other waflc ; vnlefle he did daily fhow it 
 me. Euery month, I made anew furuey; and euery fixe 
 moneths, put what wehadfparcd,by itfelfe : which now 
 was at lead a moneths prouifion of Bread; and a fortnights of 
 Pcafcand Fifh, &c. 
 
 The 3 . day the boate indeauoured to get afhoare;but could 
 not fet thorow the thicke congealed water. 
 
 1 he 4. they found a place to get aflhoare ; and Co once in ^ 
 
 2. or j.daye., till the 9. bringing Beere to our men afhoare 
 in abarrell , which would freeze firmely in the houfe in one 
 night. Ocher prouifion they had ftore. The fee Beerc being 
 thaw’d in a kettell , was not good : . and they did breake the 
 Ice of the pondes of water, to come by water to drinke. 
 
 This pond-water had a moft lothfome fmell with it : fo that 
 doubting left it might be infectious, I caufeda Well to be 
 funke ncere the houfe. There we had very good water: which 
 did taftc (as we Battered our felues with it) cuen like 
 milke. 
 
 The 1 o- (hauing ftore of boordcs for fiich a purpofe) I put 10. 
 
 the Carpenter to workc , to make vs a little boate which we 
 might carry (if occafion were) oner the Ice and make vfc of 
 
 F 3 her. 
 
4 6 
 
 12 . 
 
 T-9. 
 
 A Voyage for the dtfccuering 
 
 her, where there was water. Atnoone I tooke the Latitude 
 of this Hand, by a. Quadrants : which I found to be 52. 
 00. I vrged the men to make traps to catch Foxes : for we 
 did daily fee many. Some of them were pied , blacke and 
 white : whereby I gathered that there was fome blacke 
 Foxes ; whofe skinnes , I told them, were of a great value : 
 and I promifed , that whofoeuer could take one of them, 
 fhould haue the skinne for his reward : Hereupon, they made 
 diuers traps: and waded in the fnow (which was very deepe ) 
 to place them in the woods. 
 
 The 1 2. pur houfe tooke a fire , but we foone quenched 
 it: W e were faine to keepe an extraordinary fire, night and 
 day: and this accident, made me order a watch to looke to 
 it continually : feeing , that if our houfe and clothing fhould 
 be burnt, that all we were but in a woefull condition. Ilay 
 afhoare, till the 1 7. all which time, our miferies did increafe. 
 It did fnow and freeze moft extremely. At which time, we 
 looking from the fhoare towards the Ship , fhe did looke 
 like a piece of Ice, in the fafhion of a Ship : or a Ship re- 
 fembling a piece of Ice. The fnow was all frozen about her; 
 and all her fore-part firme Ice : and fo was fhe on both fides 
 alfo. Our Cables froze in the hawfe , wondcrfull to behold. 
 I got me aboord : where the' long nights I fpent , with tor- 
 menting cogitations: and in the daytime, I could not fee 
 any hope of fauing the Ship. This I was allured of, that it 
 was moft impoffible to endure thefe extremities long. Eue- 
 ry day the men muft beate the Ice off the Cables : while 
 forne within boord; with the Carpenters long Calking 
 Iron, did digge the Ice out of the hawies : in which worke, 
 the water would freeze on their clothes and hands, 
 and would fo bennmme them, that they could hardly get into 
 the Ship, without being heau’d in with a rope. 
 
 The ip. our Gunner ( who as youmay remember, had his 
 l e §S e cutoff} did languifh vnrecouerably : and now grew 
 very weake : defiring, that for the little time he had to liue, 
 hee might drinke Sacke altogether, which I ordered hce 
 fhould doe. 
 
 The 
 
a Pajfage to the South Sea. 47 
 
 The a 1. in the morning he dyed. An honeft and a ftrong- a 2. 
 hearted man. Heehad a dofe-boorded Cabbin in theGun- 
 roome ; which was very clofe indeed : and as many clothes 
 on him, as was connenicnt ( for we wanted no clothes:) and 
 a panne with coales , a fire continually in his Cabbin. For all 
 which warmth , his playfter would freeze at his wound, and 
 his bottle of Sacke at his head. W e committed him at a good 
 diftance from the Ship vnto the Sea. 
 
 The three and twentieth, the Ice did increafe Cxtraordina- 23, 
 
 rily : and the fnow lay on the water in flakes, as it did fall, 
 much Ice w’ithall droue by vs : yet nothing hard all this 
 while. In the eucning after the watch wasfet, a great piece 
 came athwart our hawfej andfouremore followed after him: 
 the lead of them a quarter of a mile broad : which in the 
 darke did very much aftonifh vs, thinking it would haue car- 
 ried vs out of the Harbour , vpon the fhoalds Eafter point, 
 which was fuil of rocks. It was newly congealed, a matter 
 of two inches thicker and wee broke thorowit, the Cable 
 and Anker induring an incredible ftreffe, fometimes flopping 
 the whole Ice. Wefhotoff three Muskets, fignifying to our 
 men afhoare, that we were in diftreffe : who anfwered vs a- 
 game, but could not helpe vs. By ten a clocke, it was all pad; 
 neuerthelelfe wee watched carefully : and the weather was 1 
 wanner then wee had felt it any time this moneth. In the 
 morning at breake of day, Ifent for our men aboord, who 
 made vp the houfe , andarriued by 10. being drinen by the 
 way, to wade thorow the congealed water ; fo that they re- 
 couercd to the Boate , with difficultie. There droue by the 
 Ship many pieces of Ice, though not fo large as the former, 
 yet much thicker: One piece came foule of the Cable, and 
 made the Ship driuc* 
 
 As foone as we were cleerc of it, we ioyned our flrengths 
 together, and had vp our Eaftermofl Anker: and now I re- 
 folued to bring the Ship aground : for no Cables nor Ankers 
 could hold her : But I will here fhow you the reafons, why I 
 brough her no fooner aground. Firfl, it was all flony ground: 
 fotne ftones lying dry, three or foure foot aboue water : fb 
 
4 g A Vo'jxgi for the difcouermg 
 
 that it was tobefufpeftcd , that it was the like all about vs. 
 Secondly , it did ordinarily flow but two foot andahalfe 
 here ; and if fliee fhonld bed deepc in the fatids, we could net 
 euer coin® to digge her out agaiiic : for that fliee would not 
 be dry, byfoureor flue foot. Thirdly, it was a loofefand 
 which might rife with the furfe,or fo mount about her .• that 
 all our weake powers could not heaue it away in the next 
 fpring time. Fourthly, we doubted the tydes would not high 
 fo much in the fummer, as they did now. Fifthly, we could 
 not bring her out of the tydes way; which doth runne fome- 
 thing quickc here: and the Ice,befidcs,might driue and mount 
 vp vpon her, and fo ouerfet her, or tcarc her, and carry away 
 her plankes, iron works and all .• fo that we fhould haue no- 
 thing left to finifli our Pinnafle with. Sixtly,if it did blow a 
 ftorme at North-weft,or thereabouts ; the water would flow 
 ten foot, and vpwards: and that windebeing of the flioare, 
 it would blow away all the Ice , and there would come in an 
 extraordinary great furfe about the flioald Eftcr-point; which 
 was occafioned by a deepc oucrfall. Moreoucr, fhec would 
 beat® extremely : and if fliee were put vp by the Sea or that 
 furfe, it was very doubtfull that we fhould neuer haue her off 
 againe. For thefe reafons we endured all the extremitie : dill 
 hoping vpon fome good and fortunate accident. But now all 
 our prouidentdefigneswefaw to become fooliflinefle ; and 
 that a great deale of miferable labour had beene fpent in vainc 
 by vs. With the flood wee weyedour Weftermoft Anker, 
 perceiuing Gods afliftance manifeftly : becaufe it happened 
 to be fine warme weather, otherwifewe had not beene able 
 to workc. The winde wasnow South : which blew in vpon 
 the flioare ;and made the lowcft tydes. Webrought the Ship 
 into 1 2 .foot water : and lay d out one Anker in the Oifing,and 
 another in flioald water, to draw her aland at command. Our 
 hope alfo was, that fome ftones that were to the Weft ward 
 of vs, would fend off fome of the Ice. We then being about 
 a mile from the flioare , about ten a clockc in the darke night, 
 the Ice came driuing vpon vs;and our Ankers tame home.She 
 drouefome two Cables length: and the winde blowing on 
 
a Paffage to the South Sea. 4.0 
 
 the fhoare,by two a clock fhe came aground; and ftopt much 
 Icc : yet fhce lay well all night, and we tooke fome reft. 
 
 The fiue and twentieth, the winde fhifted Eafterly : and 
 put abundance of Ice on vs. W hen the flood was made, we 
 incouraged one another, and to workc we goe : drawing 
 home our Ankers by maine force, vndcr great pieces of Ice, 
 our endeuour being to put the Ship to the fhoare. But to our 
 great dificomforts, when the halfetyde was made; ( which 
 was two houres before high watery the Shipdroueamongft 
 the Icc to the Eaft ward (doe what we could) and fo would 
 haue on the fhoald Rockes. As I haue formerly faid, thefe 
 two dayes and this day, was very warme weather : and it 
 did raine, which it had not yet but once done, fince wee came 
 hither: otherwife, ithadbeene impofliblc we could haue 
 Wrought. Withall, the wind fhiftedalfo to the South: and 
 at the very inftant, blewahardpuffe: which fo continued 
 for halfe an houre. I caufed our two Top-failes to be had vp 
 from betwixt deckes, and wee hoyft them vp with ropes in 
 all hafte , and we forft the Ship a fhoare, when fhe had not 
 halfe a Cables length to driue on the Rocky fhoalds. In the 
 Eueningwce broke way thorow the Ice, and put an An- 
 ker to fhoareward in fiue foot water: to keepe her to the 
 "fhoare, if poffible it might be. Here Sir Hugh Willoughby 
 came into my mind, who without doubt was driuenoutof 
 his Harbour in this manner, and fo flamed at fea. But God 
 was more mercifull to v s. About nine a clocke at night, the 
 winde came vp at North-Weft , and blew a very ftorme. 
 
 This winde was of the fhoare : which blew away all the Ice 
 from about vs, long before we were afloat. There came in a 
 great rowling Sea withall, about the point; accompanied 
 with a great furfe on the fhoare. And now were we left to 
 the mercy of the Sea, on the ground. By tenne, fhe began 
 to rowle in her docke : and foone after, began to bcateagainft 
 theground. Weftoodatthe Capftang, as many as could: 
 others at the Pumpes: for we thought that cueryfift orlixt 
 blow would haue ftaued her to pieces. W e heaued to the 
 vttermoftof our ftrengths, to keepe her as ncerc the ground 
 
 G as 
 
5 o A Voyage for the difcouering 
 
 as we could. By reafon of this wind, it flowed very much 
 water : and we drew her vp fo high, that it was doubtfull,if 
 eucr we fhould get her off againe. She continued thus bea- 
 ting, till two a clocke the next Morning, and then fhe againe 
 fettled. Whereupon wee went to fleepe , to reftore na- 
 ture: feeing the next tyde we expe&ed to be againe tor- 
 mented. 
 
 *5, The fixe and twentieth, in the morning tyde, ourShipdid 
 notfloatc; whereby we had fome quietneffe. After prayers, 
 I cald a confutation of the Mafter , my Lieutenant, the 
 Mates, Carpenter, and Boate-fwayne ; to whom I propo- 
 fed, that now we were put to our laft lTiifts ; and therefore 
 they fhould tell me what they thought of it .* Namely, whe- 
 ther it were not beft, to carry all our prouifion afhoare : and 
 that when the winde fhould come northerly, it were not fa- 
 feft to draw her further off, and finkeher. After many rea- 
 fonings they allowed of mypurpofe :and fo I communica- 
 ted it to the Company, who all willingly agreed to it. And 
 fo we fell to getting vpof our prouifions : firft our bread, of 
 which we landed this day two Dry fats with a Hogfltead of 
 Beefc ; bauing much adoe to fet the Boate thoro w the thickc 
 congealed water. In the Euening , the winde came vp 
 at North-Eaft , and Eaft : and fild the Bay choakefiill 
 oflce. 
 
 2- The twenty feuenth , the Bay continued full of Tee, which 
 
 I hoped would fo continue and freeze, that we fhould not 
 be put to finke our Ship. This day we could land nothing. 
 
 a 8 . The twenty eighth, atbreakcof day, three of our men 
 
 went afhoare ouer the Ice, vnknowne to mee : and the 
 winde comming vpat Weft, drouethe Ice from betwixt 
 vs and the fhoare, and mod part out of the Bay alio.- And 
 yet not fo, that the Boate could goe afhoare for any thing. 
 I made the Carpenter fit a place againft all fudden extremi- 
 ties : for that with the firft North-W eft, or northerly wind, 
 I meant to effeft our laft proieft. Intherunne of her, on 
 the ftarboord fide ; he cut away the fealing and the plankc to 
 thefheathing, fome foure or Hue inches fquare; fomefoure 
 
 foote 
 
a Ptjftge to the South Sea. 
 
 foote high from the keele of her, that fo it might be boared 
 out, at an inftant. We brought our bread which wasrc- 
 mayningintheBread-roome, vp into the great Cabb in j and 
 likewile all our powder j fetting much of our light dry 
 things betwixt deckes. 
 
 The nine and twentieth atfiue aClockcin the Morning, 
 the winde came vp at W eft North- W,eft, and began to blow 
 very. hard. It was ordinary for the wind to fhift from the , 
 Weft by the North, round about. So firft I orderd the 
 Cooper to goe downe in hold, andlookcto all our Caske.* 
 thofc that were full, tomawlein the bungs of them: thofe 
 that were empty, to get vp, or if they could not be gotten 
 vp,toftauethcm. Then to quoile all our Cables vpon our 
 lower tyre: and to lay on our fparc Ankers, and any thing 
 that was weighty, tokeepeitdowne fromrifing. By feuen 
 aCIocke, itblcwaftormeat North- Weft, our bitter ene- 
 my. The Ship was already bedded fome two foote in the 
 find, and u. hilft that was a flowing, fhee muftbeate. This 
 I before had in my confideration : for I thought fhc was lo 
 firredriuen vp, that we fhould neuer get her off. Yet we 
 had bin lo ferrited by her laft beating, that I refolued to finke 
 her right downe, rather then runne that hazzard. By nine a 
 cloke, fhebegantorowleinhcrdocke, with a molt extra- 
 ordinary great Sea that was come ; which I found to be occa- 
 fioned by the formentioned ouerfall. And this was the fatal! 
 houre, that put vs to our wits end. Wherefore I went 
 downe in hold with the Carpenter, and tookc his auger and 
 board a hole in the Ship, and let in the water. Thus with all 
 fpeed, we began to cutout other places, toboare thoro v, 
 but euery place was full of nailes. By tenne, notwithftan- 
 ding, the lower tyre was coucred with water, For all which, 
 fhe began fo to beate in her docke, more and more : that we 
 could not worke, norftand to doe any thing in her. Nor 
 would (he finke fo faft as we would haue her : but continued 
 beating double bio wes ; firft abaft, and then before, that it 
 was wondcrfull, how (he could indurea quarter of an houre 
 with it. By tweluc a docke, her lower Tyre rofe: and that 
 
 G z did 
 
A Voyage for the difcouering 
 
 did fo counter-beate on the infide,that it beat the bulke heads 
 of the Bread-roome, powder-roome, and fore piece, all to 
 pieces : and when it came betwixt deckes, the cherts fled 
 wildly about: and the water did flarti and flie wonderfully : 
 fo that now we expelled euery minute, when the Ship would 
 open and breake to pieces. Atoncaclockeftice beat off her 
 Rudder : and that was gone, we knew not which way. Thus 
 fhee continued beating, till threeaclocke : and then the Sea 
 came vpon the vpperdecke: and foone after, fhee began to 
 fettle. In her, wee were faine to finkc the moft part of our 
 bedding and clothes : and the Chirurgions Chert with the 
 reft. Our men that were aihoare, ftood looking vpon vs : al- 
 moft dead with cold, and forrowes to fee our mil ery and their 
 ownc. W e Iookt vpon them againe : andboth vpon each o- 
 ther with woefull hearts. Darke night drew on ; and 1 bade 
 the Boate to be haled vp; and commanded my louing com- 
 panions to goe all into her : who ( in fome refufing comple- 
 ments) expreffed their faith full affeftions tomeej as loth to 
 part from me. I told them, that my meaning was to goe a- 
 fhoare with them. And thus, laftly, I forfooke the Ship. 
 
 We were feuenteene poore foulcs, now in the Boate : and 
 we now imagined that we were leapt out of the Frying pan into 
 the fire: Theebbewas made; and the water extraordinary 
 thickc congealed, with (now : fo that we thought afluredly, 
 it would carry vs away into the Sea. We thereupon double- 
 mand foure oares : appointing fourc more to fit ready with 
 pares# andfo withthehelpcof God we gottothefhoare; 
 haling vp the Boate after vs. One thing was moft ftrange, in 
 this thicke water : namely, That there went a great fwelling 
 Sea. Being arriued vpon the Iand,wc greeted our fellowes the 
 heft we could : at which time they could not know vs, nor 
 we them by our habits nor voyces: fo frozen all ouerwee 
 were, faces, haire, and apparcll. And here I mcane to take 
 breath awhile, after all this long and vnpleafant Relation of 
 our miferablc endeauours : Crauing leaue firft of all to fpeake 
 a word or two in generall. 
 
 The winds, fince wc came hither, hauc beene very variable 
 
 and 
 
4 Paffage to the South Sea . 
 
 and vnconftant : and till within this fortnight, the Southerly 
 winde was the coldeft. The rcafon I conceiue to be , for that 
 it did blow from the Maine land; which was all couercd with 
 fnow : and for that the North winds came out of the great 
 Bay which hitherto was open. Adde to that ; we were now 
 vnder a South Banke which didfheltervs : To that we were 
 
 notfofcnfibleof it. , , 
 
 A North- weft, a North-weft by North, and a North- 
 North-weft winde (if it blew a ftorme) would raife the 
 Tydcs extraordinarily : and in briefe, from the W eft North- 
 weft, to the North North-eaft ; would raife the tydes m pro- 
 portion, as they did blow from the middle point : The wind 
 being on the oppofite points ( if it blew) it would flow ve- 
 ry little at all. Iheharder it blew , the lefic water it would 
 flow. If it were little winde, or calme ; it would flow indif- 
 ferently. The tydes doe high ordinarily ( without being for- 
 ced) about three foot : but being forced with the foremen- 
 tioned winds; vpward of ten foot. I could pcrceiue no dif- 
 ference betwixt Neapc and fpring tydes : Itflowcshalfc tyde: 
 that is; the flood comes from the Northward: and thither 
 rcturnesagaine, two hourcs before it be high water : and it 
 is commonly lb feene, in moft Bayes or Inletu 
 
 ; * ' r 
 
 — — 
 
 • .. 'V 5j.il 
 
 rj.*£b in' 
 
 The 
 
The Wintering 
 
 O'* 
 
 Ftcr we had haled vp the Boate, we 
 went alongft the breach fide in the 
 darke, towards our houfe, where wc 
 made a good fire, and with it, and 
 bread and water, wee thawde and 
 comforted our felues, beginning after 
 that to reafon one with another, cou- 
 rt, ur , , • , ccr ™ n g °ur Ship- 1 ^ requir’d that euerv 
 
 one Ihould fpcak his mind freely. The Carpenter, (efpecially) 
 was of the opinion, that {he was founderd ; and would neacr 
 be feruiceable againe. Healledged, that flic had fo beaten 
 that it was not poffibie , but that all her Ioints were loofe* 
 and leames open : and that by reafon it flowed fo little wa- 
 ter, and no Creekc nor Coue being neere, wherein to brina 
 her aground, he could not deuife how he might come to 
 mend it. Moreouer, her Rudder was loft, and he had no Iron- 
 worke to hang on another. Some alledgcd, that we had hea- 
 i^dhervp fo high vpon the fands, that they thought we 
 Inould neuer hauc her offagainc : and thatthev were afTured 
 flie was already dockt three foote. Others, that fhe lay in 
 theTydes way ; and that the Ice might teare her to pieces off 
 theground: befides which, two of our Ankers we could 
 notnow get from vnder thelce : which when the Icebrake 
 (which would be of a great thickenefTe by theSnrfnn) 
 would breake our Ankers to pieces, and then we fliould haue 
 
 no 
 
 
The Wintering. 
 
 no Ankers tobring vs home withalhfuppofed vve got off the 
 
 that (he proued found alfo.I comforted them thebefl 
 I could with fuch like words: MyMaftcrs and faithful! 
 Companions : be not difmaide for any of theft. difafters, 
 but let vs put our whole truft in God. It is he that giueth, 
 and he that taketh away : hethrowesdowne with one hand, 
 and raifethvp with another. His will be done. If it be our 
 fortunes to end our dayes here, we are as neere hcauen, as m 
 Sndand- and we arc much bound to God Almighty for gl- 
 uing vs fo large a time of repentance, who as it were dayly 
 calls vpon vs, to prepare our fokies for a better life in hcauen. 
 
 I make no doubt, buthewillbe mercifull to vs, both here 
 on earth, and in his bleffed Kingdome: he doth not m the 
 mcane time deny, but that wc may vfeall honeft mcanes to 
 (auc and prolong our naturall liues withall* and in my luage- 
 ment, wc are not yet fo farre paft hope of returning into our 
 natiue Countries, butthatl fee a faire way by which wee 
 may effect it. Admit the Ship be foundered (which God for- 
 bid, I hope the beft) yethauc thofe our owne nation , and 
 others, when they haue becnc put to thefe extremities, eiien 
 out of the wracke of their loft Ship, built then a Pinnate, 
 
 and recouered to their friends agatne. If it beobiecfted, that 
 
 they hauc happened into better Climats, both for temperatc- 
 tieteof theayre, and for pacificke and open Seas: and pro- 
 vided withall, of abundance of frefh viduall: yet there is 
 nothing too hard for couragious minds : which hitherto 
 you haue fhowne, and I'doubt not will ftill doe, to the vtter- 
 
 m °They all protefted to worke to the vttermoft ol their 
 ftrength, and that they would refufc nothing that I teould 
 order them to doe, to the vttermoft hazzard of th = ir ^ es ^ 
 thanke them all: and to the Carpenter for his cheerctul vn 
 dertaking,! promifed to giue him fo mn ,% P L^f 
 
 (houldbe worth ten pound ftcrling: and if fobs I we 
 
 England in the Pinnaflc, I would giue her him free y, 
 fifty pounds in monyoucr andaboue, and would moreoucr 
 
 that I OoM 
 

 Noucmber. 
 
 3 & The Wintering, ' — -/ 
 
 Thus we then refolued, to build vs a new Pinnate, with the 
 timber we Ihould get vpon the Hand : thatfo in the fpring if 
 we found not the Ship feniiceable ; wee might tearehcrvp, 
 andplankeher with the Ships planks. And fo for this nigfi 
 
 tUi e daySghT r feIuescIofeaboutthe fire : and tookefomereft 
 
 The thirtieth betimes in the morning, I caufed the Chimr 
 
 E'h CUt th r Ch T of head ihort, and to iha ue a way 
 all the haire of my face : for that it was become intolerable^ 
 
 rwf frozen fo S reat with Ice- fickles. 
 
 Th^fir^v’^ aI1 thc reft : a " d wc fitted our fclues to worke. 
 
 I he firft thing we were to doe , was to get our clothes and 
 
 ffS Sa ^° arC: and thcrefore I deuiaed the company 
 The Mafter and a conuement company with him, were to goe 
 aboo^ ; and to get things out of Hold. The Cock-fwalnc 
 with his gmg , were to goe in the Boatc , to bring and carry 
 things alhoare. My felfe with the reft, to carry it halfe a mile 
 
 thorow the fn°w,vnt o the place where wc intended rebuild 
 aStore-houfe ; As for the heatner things, we purpofed to lav 
 them vpon the Beache. In the afternoon, thewindewS 
 ° U i s °nth-weft,and the water veerd to fo low an ebbe,that 
 
 E h 2 Ugh T e m '| ht 3? fomethin g ^t of our Hold : we 
 lanchcd our Boate therefore : and with oares, fet thorow the 
 
 Aicke congealed waten It did freeze extreme hard: and I 
 
 I v S l h ° tt° ar u T h 3 troublcd minde ’ thitlkin S veri- 
 
 Kl i h thc Cbbe the Boate would be ^ried into the Sea- 
 and that then wee were all loft men. But byGodsafliftance 
 
 heygotfafdyro the Ship and made afire there, tofignifie 
 their arriual! aboord. They fell prefendy to worke • and cot 
 Something out ofthe Hold, vpon the decks : but night corn" 
 
 ™ In ? °" » they durft notaduenture to come alhoarc\ but lay 
 
 Dumber i " Th ^g rcatCabbin »b ei ng almoft ftarued. 
 
 December i. Thefirft of December wasfocold , that I went the fame 
 
 totheSbi P> wherethe BoaSgteTe! 
 
 Hf d y cI blS *7 Wc t car ” ed v P° n our ba cks in bundles < oo 
 of our fifli : and much of our bedding and doth™ Jh; u 
 
 wc were faine to digge out of the Ic^ ^ d ° ,llet; whKb 
 
 The 
 
7 he Wintering, ^ 57 
 
 The fecond was milde weather : and fome of the men go- 2 . 
 ing ouer the Ice, fell in, and very hardly recouered : fo that 
 this day we could land nothing , neither by Boatcnor backe: 
 
 I put them therefore to make vs a Store-houfe afhoare. In 
 thecuening, the windecame vpat Weft: and the Ice did 
 breake and driue out of the Bay : It was very deepe and large 
 Ice : that we much doubted it would haue fpoyled the Ship. 
 
 The third day , there were diuer s great pieces of Ice that ? • 
 came athwart the Sh ip : and fhee ftopt them, yet not fo, that 
 we could goe ouer them. W c found a way for the Boat : but 
 when fhee was leaden, fhee drew foure foot water, and could 
 not come within a flight-fhot of the ftioare. The men there- 
 fore muft wade thorow thethicke congealed water; and carry 
 all things out of the Ship vpon their backs. Euery time they 
 waded in the Ice,it fo gathered about the, that they did feeme 
 like a walking piece of Ice, moft lamentable to behold. In 
 this extreme cold euening , they cut away as much Ice from 
 about the Boate as they could , and pickt it with hand-fpikes 
 out of her, and endeauouring to hoyfc her into the Ship. 
 
 There being fmall hope, that fhee could goe to and againe any 
 more. But vfe what meanes they could , fhee was lo heauy, 
 that they could not hoyfc her in : but were faine thereto 
 Ieaue her in the tackles by the Ships fide. 
 
 The fourth being Sunday , we refted ; and performed the 4* 
 Sabbath duties of a Chriftian. 
 
 The fift and fixt were extreme cold : and wee made bags I • & & 
 of our ftorc fhirts : and in them carried our loofe bread ouer 
 the Ice alhoaie vpon our backs. W e alfo digged our clothes 
 and new faylcs with hand-fpikes of iron, out of the Ice : and 
 carried them afhoare, which we dryed by a great fire. 
 
 The feuenth day was fo extremely cold , that our nofes, 7* 
 cheekes, and hands, did freeze as white as paper. 
 
 The eighth and ninth, it was extreme cold; and it did fnow & 9 - 
 much, yet we continued our labour ; in carrying and rowling 
 things afhoare. In the euening the water raifed the Ice very 
 high: and it did breake two thoughts of our Boat : and breake 
 in the fide of her: but for that timc,we could not hclpe it. 
 
 H The 
 
58 
 
 to. 
 
 21 . 
 
 2 3 . 
 
 The Winterin'?. 
 
 O 
 
 The tenth, our Carpenter found timber to make a Keclc, 
 and a Sterne for our Pinnace : the reft wrought about our pro- 
 vifions , vntill the 1 3 .day : and that wc fpent in digging our 
 boate out of the Ice : which wc were faine to doe to the ve- 
 ry Keelc: and dig the Ice out of her, and then wc got her vp 
 on the Ice: in which doing, many had their nofes, checkes 
 and fingers, frozen as white as paper. The cold now increa- 
 fed moft extremely. By the 19. we could get no more things 
 out of our Hold : but were faine to leaue 5. barrels of Beefe 
 andPorke, all our Beere; anddiuers other things: which 
 were all firme frozen in her. 
 
 The one and twentieth was fo cold, that we could not goc 
 out of the houfe. 
 
 The three and twentieth wc went to haue our boate a- 
 fhoare; running her ouer our oares: but by 10. a clocke 
 there came fuch a thickc fogge , that it was as darkeas night. 
 I made them giueouer, and make what hafte we could to 
 the fhoare : which we had much adoc to finde , for the 
 time, lofing one another. At the laft we met all at the houfe 
 the miferableft frozen, that can bee concerned. Vpon di- 
 vers, had the cold raifed blifters asbigge as wall-nuts. This 
 we imagined to come , by reafon that they came too "haftily 
 to the fire. Our W ell was now frozen vp : fo that digge as 
 deepe as we could, we can come by no water. Melted fnow- 
 water is very vnwholfome : cither to drinke or to drefle our 
 viftuals. It made vs fo fhort-breathed, that we were fcarce 
 able to fpeake. All our Sacke, Vineger,OyIe, and euery thing 
 elfe that was liquid, was now frozen as hard as a piece of 
 wood, and we muftcut it with a hatcher. Our houfe was 
 all frozen on the infide, and it froze hard within a yard of the 
 fires fide. When I landed firlt vpon this Hand , I found a 
 fpring vnder a hils fide : which I then obferuing , had caufed 
 fome trees to be cut for markes to know the place againe by. 
 It was about three quarters of a mile from our houfe. I fent 
 3. of our men which hadbeenc formerly with me, thither 
 vpon the 24. Thefe wading thorow the fnow, at laft found 
 the place, and fhoueling away the fnow, they made way to 
 
 the 
 
The Wintering. ' 
 
 the very head of it. They found it fpring very ftrongiy : and 
 brought me a Can of it, for which I was right ioyful!. This 
 fpring continued all the yeere; and did not freeze : but that 
 we could breake the Ice and come to it. We labor’d very 
 hard , thefe three or foure dayes , to get wood to the houfe, 
 which we found to be very troublefome , through the deepe 
 fiiow. 
 
 Wee then fettled our bedding and prouifions , pro- 
 viding to kcepe C bn ft mas day holy: which wefoiemnized 
 in the ioyfulleft manner we could : So likewife did we Saint 
 Johns day : vpon which we named the wood we did winter 
 in, in memory of that Honourable Knight Sir John winter . 
 Winters Torrefl. And now in ftead of a Chrifimas Tale , I will 
 here deferibe the houfe that we did liuc in , withthofe ad- 
 ioyning. 
 
 t When I firft reiblued to build a houfe, I chofe the mod war- 
 meft and conuenienteft place and the neereft the Ship withall. 
 It was amongft a tuft of thicke trees , vndcr a South banke ; 
 about a flight-lhot from the Seas fide. True it is, that at that 
 time we could not digge into the ground, to make vs a Hole 
 or Caue in thejearth, (which had been the beft way)becaufe we 
 found water within 2. foote digging : and therefore that 
 proied fail’d. It was a white light land; fo that we could by 
 no meanes make vp a mud- wall. As for ftones, there were 
 none ncere vs : which, moreoucr, were all now couered with 
 thcfiigw. We hadnoboords for fitch apurpofc; and there- 
 fore, we rnuft doe the beft we could, with fuch materials as 
 we had about vs. 
 
 The ho life was fquare ; about 20. foote cuery way : as 
 much namely, as our mayne-Courfe could wellcouer: firft 
 we drone ftronjj; ftakes into the earth, round about : which 
 we wattelcd with boughes, as thicke as might be, beating 
 them downe very elofe. This our firft worke was fixe foote 
 high on both fides, but at the ends, almoft vp to the very top. 
 There we left 2. holes, for the light to come in at: and the 
 fame way the fmoke did vent out alfo. Moreoucr, Icaufed 
 at both ends, three rowes of thicke bufh tree* : tobeftucke 
 
 H 2 vp, 
 
$ 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 60 The Wintering. 
 
 vp,as dofe together as tnought be poffibly. Then at a diftance 
 from the houfe , we cut downe trees : proportioning them 
 into lengths of fixe foote; with which we made a pile on 
 both (ides , fixe foote thicke, and fixe foote high : but at 
 both ends, tenne foote high, and fixe foote thicke : We left 
 a little low doore to creepe into; andaportall before that, 
 made with piles of wood , that the wind might not blow 
 into it. We next of all faftned a rough tree aloft ouer all : 
 vpon which we laid our rafters ; and our Mayne Courfe o- 
 uerthofeagaine : which lying thwart-wayes ouer all , did 
 reach downe to the very ground, on either fide. And this 
 was the Fabric ke of the out- fide of it. On the infide, we 
 madefaft our bonnet fayles, round about. Then we droue 
 in flakes and made vs bed-ftcad frames ; about three fides of 
 the houfe : which bed-fteads were double, one vnder an- 
 other : the lower-moft , being a foote from rhe ground : 
 Thefe, we firftfildwithboughes, then we layd fome fpare 
 fayles on that, and then our bedding and clothes. W e made a 
 Hearth or Caufie in the middle of the houfe, and on it, 
 made cur fire : fome boords wee layd round about our 
 Hearth , to (land vpon : that the cold dampe (hould not 
 ftrike vp into vs. With our Wafl-clothes , wemadevsCa- 
 nopies and Curtaines: others did the like with our fmall 
 fayles. Our fecond houfe was not paft 20. foote diftant from 
 this, and made for the watteling much after the fame manner, 
 but it waslefle, andcouered with our fore-Courfe : It had 
 no pyles on the South fide : but in liew of that, we pilde 
 vp all -our Chefts , on the infide: and indeed the reflexeof 
 theheateof the fire againft them, did make it warmer then 
 the Manfion houfe. In this houfe, we dreft our vifruall : and 
 the fubordinate crue did refrefh therafelues all day in it. A 
 third houfe , ( which was cur ftore-houfe ) we likewife 
 made , fome twenty paces off from this ; for feare of firing. 
 This houfe was onely a rough tree faftened aloft : with raf- 
 ters layd from it to the ground , and couered ouer with our 
 new fuiteof (ailes. On the infide, we had laid fmall trees, 
 and couered them ouer with boughes : andfo ftor’d vp our 
 
 Bread, 
 
The Wintering. 
 
 Bread , and Fifh in it ; about twofoote from the ground : 
 the better to preferue them. Other things lay more carc- 
 leffely. 
 
 Long before Cbriftmas, ourmanfion houle was couered 
 thicke ouer with Snow:almoft to the very roofc of it. And 
 fo like wife was our iccond houfe : but ourStore-houfe, all 
 ouer: byreafon we made no fire in it. Thus we feemed to 
 liue in aheape, and Wildemcffeof Snow ; forth adores we 
 could not go, but vpon the {now: in which we made vs paths 
 middle deepe in fome places: and in one fpeciall place, the 
 length of tenne fteps. To doe this, we mull fhouell away 
 the Snow firft ; and then by trcadding, make it fotnething 
 hard vnderfootc : The Snow in this path, was a full yard 
 thicke vnder vs. And this was our beft gallery for the ficke- 
 men : and for mine owne ordinary walking. And both houfes 
 and vvalkes, we did daily accommodate more and more, and 
 make fitter for our vfes. 
 
 The twenty fcuenth, we got our Boate afiiore : and fetcht a 7 
 
 vp fome of our prouifions from the beach fide into the 
 Store-houfe : and fo by degrees did we with thereft of our 
 prouifions : with extremity of cold and labour, making way 
 with fhouers thorow the deepe Snow ; euen from the Sea- 
 fide vnto our Store-houfe. And thus concluded we the old 
 yeerc. 1631. 
 
 Ianuarj, 1632 . 
 
 The firft of Iamarji(a.nd for the moft part all the moneth) 
 was extreme cold. 
 
 The fixth, I obferued the latitude, with what exaftneffe $ 
 I could {'it being very deere Sun-fhine weather) which I 
 found to be * 1 . 5 2. This difference, is by reafon that here is 
 a great RefraTlion. 
 
 The one and twentieth, I obferued the Sunne to rife like 21 
 an O uall, alongftth c Horizon: Icaldthrce or fourc to fee 
 it, the better to confirme my Iudgement : and we all agreed, 
 that it was twice as long as it was broad. W e plainely per- 
 
 H 3 ceiucd 
 
ceiued withall, that by degrees as it gate vp higher, it alfo 
 rccouered his roundnefle. 
 
 The fixe and twentieth , I obferued , when the Eafterne 
 edge of the UMoone did touch the Planet CMars , the Lions 
 heart was then in the Eaft quarter 21. 45. aboue the Hori- 
 zon : but all this was not done with that exa&neiTe, that I 
 haue done other obfer nations. 
 
 30. & 31. The thirtieth and one 'and thirtieth, there appeared in 
 the beginning of the night, more Starres in the firma- 
 ment, then euer I had before feene by two thirds. I could 
 fee the Cloud'm Cancer full of fmall Starres : and all the via 
 /.iffevr, nothing but fmall Starres : and amongft the P hades, 3 
 great many fmall Starres. Abcuttcnnea Clocke, theMoone 
 did rife ; -and then a quarter of them w as not to be feene. 
 The wind for the moft part of this month, hath beene Nor- 
 therly, and very cold :■ the ivarmeft of which time, wee 
 imployed our felues in fetching Wood, working vpon our 
 Pinnafle and other things that happened. In the beginning of 
 this moneth, the Sea was all firmely frozen ouer, fo that we 
 could fee no water any way. I hope it will not feeme tedi- 
 ous to the Readers, if I here deliner mine owne opinion, 
 how this abundance of Ice comes to be ingendered. 
 
 is for the moft part low and flat, and hath flat flioalds adioy- 
 ning to it, halfcamileoramile, that are dry at low water. 
 
 often experienced) that is,from whence the flood commcth, 
 the water thither returneth. two bruise Kofi™. 
 
 water, or full Sea* It feldome raines, after the middle of 
 September : but fnowes : and that Snow will not melt on the 
 Land nor Sands; At low water when it fnowes ( which it 
 doth very often) the lands are all couered ouer with it- 
 which the halfe tyde carries offkioufly ( twice in twentie 
 foure houres ) into the great Bay, which is the common Ren- 
 dezvous of it. Euery low water, are the fands left cleere, toga- 
 
The Wintering. 
 
 ther more to the increafe of it. Thus doth it daily gather to- 
 gether in this manner, till the latter end of OElober, and by that 
 time hath it brought the Sea to that coldnefle , that as it 
 ftows , the fnow will lye vpon the water in flakes without 
 changing his colour; but with the windcis wrought toge- 
 ther ; and as the winter goes forward, it begins to freeze on 
 the furface of it , two or three inches or more in one night : 
 which being carried with the halfe tyde , meets with fomc 
 obftacle,(as itfoone doth) and then it crumples and lo runnes 
 vpon it felfe, that in a few houres it will be flue or fixe foote 
 thicke. The halfe tyde ftill flowing, carries it fo fall away, 
 that by December it is growne to an infinite multiplication of 
 Ice. And thus by this ftoringof it vp , the cold gets the pre- 
 domination in the Sea ( which alfo furnifheth the Springs 
 and water, in the low flat lands ) that itcooles it like it felfe. 
 This may appeare by our experience, though in all this,I free- 
 ly fiibmit my felfe vnto the better learned. Our men found it 
 more mortifying cold to wade thorow the water in the be- 
 ginning of lune when the Sea was all full of Ice ; then in 
 1 December , when it was increafing. Onr Well, moreouer,out 
 of which we had water in December, we had none in Iuiy. 
 
 The ground at ten foote deepe, was frozen. Thequantitie 
 of the Ice, may very eafily be made to appeare, by Mathemu- 
 ticallDemonftration : and yet I am not of the opinion, that 
 the Bay doth freeze all oucr. For the one and twentieth, the 
 Windc blowing a ftorme at North, we could pcrcciue the Ice 
 to rife fomething in the Bay. 
 
 February, i 6 3 3. 
 
 The cold was as extreme this moneth , as at any time we 
 had feltitthisyeere : and many of our men complained of 
 infirmities. Some, of fore mouthes ; all the teeth in their 
 heads being loofe , their gums fwolne , with blacke rotten 
 flelh ; which muft euery day be cutaway. The paine was fo 
 fore on them , that they could not eate their ordinary meat. 
 Others complained of paine in their heads , and their brefts : 
 Some of weakenefle in their backs ; Others of aches in their 
 
 thighs 
 
The Wintering . 
 
 thighs and knees : and others, of fwellings*in their Icgges. 
 Thus were two thirds of the company , vnder the Chimrgi- 
 ons hand. And yef neuerthelefle, they muft worke daily ; and 
 goe abroad to fetch wood, and timber ; notwithftanding the. 
 ir.oft of the had no fhooes to put on.Their fhooes,vpon their 
 comming to the fire, out of the fnow, were burntand Icorcht 
 . vpon their feete : and our ftore-fh'ooes were all funkc in the 
 Ship. Tn this necefTitie they would makethis fliift : To bind 
 clouts about their feet, and endeauoured by that poore helpe, 
 the bell they could to performe their duties. Our Carpenter 
 iikewife is by this time falne ficke to our great difcomforts. 
 
 I praflifed fome obferuations by the riling and fctting of the 
 Sunne, calculating the time of his riling and fctting , by very 
 true running glafles. As for our Clockc and Watch, notwith- 
 ftanding wc ftill kept them by the fires fide, in a Cheft wrapt 
 in clothes, yet were they fo frozen , that they could not goe. 
 My obferuations by thefe Glafles , I compared with the Stars 
 comming to the ^Meridian. By this meancs wee "found the 
 Sunne to rife twentie minutes before itfhould: and in the 
 cueningtoremaineabouethe Horizon twentie minutes ( or 
 thereabouts) longer then it flhould doq^ And all this by rea- 
 fon of the RefraEiion. 
 
 Since now I hauefpokenfo much of die cold, I hope it 
 will not be too coldly taken, if I in a few words make it * 
 lomeway to appcarc vnto our Readers. 
 
 Wee made three differences of the cold: all according to 
 the places. In our houfe, In the woods : and in the open 
 Ayer, vpon the Ice, in our going to the fhip. 
 
 Forthelaft, it would be fbmetimes fo extreme, that k 
 wasnotindurable : no Cloathes wereproofeagainftit; no 
 motion could refill it. It would, moreouer, fo freeze the 
 haire on our eye-lids, that we could not fee and I verily be- 
 leeue, that it would haue ftifled a man, in a very few hourcs : 
 wc did daily find by experience, that the cold in the Woods 
 would freeze our faces,or any part of bur flefh that was bare; 
 but it was yet not fo mortify ing as the other. Our houfe on 
 the out-fide,was couered two thirdparts with Snow ; and on 
 
 the 
 
The Wintering. 
 
 the infide frozen,&hang with Icefickles.The Cloatheson our 
 beds would be coucrcd with hoarefroft: which in this little 
 habiracle , was not farre from the fire. But let vs coine a 
 little neerer to it. The Cookes Tubs, wherein he did water 
 his mcatc, Handing about a yard from the fire, and which he 
 did all day plye with melted Snow-water : yet in the night 
 feafon, whilft he flept but one watch, would they befirme 
 frozen totheverybottome. And therefore was hec faine 
 to water his meatc in a brafle Kettle dofe adioyning to the 
 fire ; and I haue many times both feenc and felt by putting my 
 band into it; that fide which was next the fire, was very 
 warme,and the other fide an inch frozen; Ileaue the reft to 
 our Cooke; who will almoft fpeake miracles of the cold. 
 The Surgeon, who had hung his bottles of firrops, and other 
 liquid things as conuenicntly as he could to prefeme them, 
 had them all frozen .• our Vineger, Oyle, and Sacke, which 
 wc had in firiall Caske in the houfe, was all firme frozen. It 
 may further in generall be concciucd , that in the beginning of 
 Iunc, the Sea was not broken vp • and the ground was yet 
 frozen , and thus much wee found by experience, in the bu- 
 rying of our men : Jn fetting vp the Kings Standard towards 
 the latter end of Iune : and by our Well, at our corpming 
 away in the beginning of Inly : at which time vpontneland 
 for fomc other reafons, it was very hots weather. 
 
 C March, 1632. 
 
 Thefirftof this moneth being Saint Dauids day, we kept 
 Holyday,and folemnized it in the manner of the Ancient Bri- 
 taines: praying for his HighnelTe happineffe Charles Prince 
 of Wales. 
 
 The fifteenth, one of our men thought he had feene a 
 Deere whereupon he with two or three more defired that 
 they might go to fee if they could take it: I gauc them leaue t 
 but in tne Euening they returned fo difabled with cold, 
 which did rife vp in blifters vndcr the foales of their fccte 
 and vpon their leggcs, to the bignefle of Walnuts ; that they 
 
 I could. 
 
 6 5 
 
 1. 
 
 if* 
 
66 The Wintering. 
 
 could not rccouer their former eftate (which was not very 
 well) in a fortnight after. 
 
 35 * The fixe and twentieth, three more defire that theyalfo 
 
 might goe out to try their fortunes : but they returned worfe 
 dilabled, and euen almoft ftiflcd with the cold. 
 
 This Euening, the Moone rofc in a very long Ovale along ft 
 the Horizon. 
 
 Bythelaftof this moneth, the Carpenter had fet vp T7. 
 ground timbers : and 34. Staddles ; and (poore man) hee 
 proceedeth the beft he can, though he befaine to beledvnto 
 his labour. 
 
 In brief c, all this moneth hath beene very cold. The wind 
 about the N. W. The {now as dcepe as it hath beene all this 
 winter ; But to anfwer an obiedlion that may be made , You 
 were in a wood (mayfome men {ay vnto vs) and therefore 
 you might make fire enough to keepe you from the cold. It 
 is true, we were in a wood; andvnderaSouth-bankc too.* 
 or otherwife , we had all ftarued. But I muft tell you with- 
 all ; how difficult it was to haue wood in a wood : And 
 firft , I will make a mufter of the tooles we had : The Car- 
 penter in his Cheft had 2. Axes indeed : but one of them was 
 {poyl’d in cutting downe wood to pile about ourhoufe be* 
 fore Chriftmas ; W hen we came firft a land, we had but two 
 whole hatchets , which in a few dayes broke 2. inches be- 
 low the Sockets. I cald for 3 . of the Coopers hatchets : The 
 Carpenters axe and the Coopers beft hatchet I caufed to be 
 locktvp: The other 2. hatchets to be newhelu'd, and the 
 blades of the 2. broken hatchets, to be put into a cleft piece 
 of wood, and then to be bound about with rope yame as 
 faft as might be : which muft be repaired euery day. And 
 thefe were all the cutting tooles we had : moreouer the 6 . of 
 febrtMrj the Carpenter had out his beft axe about fomething, 
 and one of the company in his abfence , by his vndifereete 
 handling of it , brake that too, two inches below the Socket: 
 wc muft henceforth order thefe pieces of tooles the beft we 
 could: wherefore I gatic order, that the Carpenter fbould 
 haue one of die Coopers hatchets : they that lookt for tim- 
 ber 
 
The Wintering. 
 
 ber in the woods, the other : and they that cut downe wood 
 tobume, were to hauc the *. pieces- And this was before 
 Chrifttnas. 
 
 The three that were appointed to looke crooked timber, 
 muft ftalke and wade, (fometimes on allfonre) thorowthe 
 fnow: and where they faw a tree likely to fit the mould : 
 they muft firft heaue away the fnow, and then fee if it would 
 fit the mould : if not , they muft feeke further : if it did fit 
 the mould; then they muft make a fire to it, tothaweit : 
 otherwise it could not be cut. Then cut it downe, and fit it to 
 the length of the mould : and then with other helpe , get it 
 home: a mile thorow the fnow. . 
 
 Now for our firing. We could not bume grecnc wood, it 
 would fo fmoke, that it was not indurable : yea the men had 
 rather ftarue without in the cold, then fit by it. As for the dry 
 wood, that alfo was bad enough in that kindc : for it was 
 full of Turpentine, and would fend forth fuch a thicke finoke, 
 that would make abundance of foote : which made vs all 
 looke, asifwehadbecne free of the company of Chimney- 
 Sweepers. Ourcloathes were quite burnt in pieces about vs: 
 and for the moft part, we were all without fhoocs : But to 
 our Fuellers againc. They muft firft (as the former) goe vp 
 and downe in the fnow: till they faw a ftanding dry tree.: for 
 that the fnow couered any that were fallen. Then they muft 
 hacke it downe with their pieces of hatchets : and then o- 
 thersmuftcarry it home thorow the fnow. Thcboyeswith 
 Cuttlcafles, muft cut bonghes for the Carpenter : foreuery 
 piece of timber that he did worke, muft firft be thaw'd m 
 the fire : and he muft haue a fire by him , or he could not 
 worke. And this was our continuall labour , throughout the 
 tbremcntioncdcold : befides our tending of the ficke, and o- 
 ther neceffary imployments. 
 
 Afritt. idji. 
 
 The firft of this moneth being Eaftcr-day , we fol«n* 
 nizedas rdigioufly as God did giue vs grace. Both this 
 
68 The Wintering. 
 
 day and the 2, following Holy-day es were extreme cold: 
 And now fitting all about the fire , we rcafoned and confide- 
 red together vpon our eftate ; W e had y . men ( whereof the 
 Carpenter was one: ) not able to doe any thing. The Boate- 
 fwayne and many more, were very infirme: and of all the 
 reft, we had but 5. that could cate of their ordinary allow- 
 ance. The time and feafon of the yeere came forwards apace: 
 and the cold did very little mitigate. Our Pinnace was in an 
 indifferent forwardnefle : but the Carpenter grew worfe and 
 worfc: The Ship (as we then thought ) lay all full of folid 
 Ice: which was weight enough to open the feames of any 
 new and found vcflell : efpecially of one that had Iaync fo 
 long vpon the ground as fhc had done. In briefe , after ma- 
 ny deputations, and laying open of oar miferable and hope- 
 idle eftates , I refolued vpon this courfe : that notwithftan- 
 ding it was more labour , and though we declined, weaker 
 ftill and weaker : yet that with the fit ft warme weather, we 
 would begin to cleere the Ship : that fo we might hauc the 
 time before vs , to thinkc of fome other courfe. This being 
 ordered , we lookt to thole tooles we had , to digge the Ice 
 out of her: we had but 2. Iron barres afhoare: the; reft 
 were fimke in the Ship: and one of them was broken- too. 
 Well! we fell to fitting of thofe barres, and of 4. broken 
 Ihouels that we had : with which wc intended (as after we 
 didj to digge the Ice out of her : and to lay that Ice on a 
 heape, vpon the Lar-boord bowe, andtofinkedowne that 
 Icctothe ground fo fall, that it fhould be a Barricadoe to 
 vs, when the Ice brake vp ; which wc feared would tcare 
 vs all to pieces. 
 
 The 6 . was the deepeft fno w we had all this yeere : which 
 fild vp all our pathes and wayes , by which we were vfed 
 togoe vnto the wood: Thisfnow was fomething moyfter 
 and greater, then any we had had all this yeere: for formerly it 
 was as dry as dull; andasfmallasfand, and would driue like 
 duft with the winde. 
 
 The weather continued with this extremitie, vntill the 
 
 . » which time our Ipring was harder frozen , then it had 
 
 beetle 
 
7 he Wintering. 
 
 beetle all they cere before. I had often obferued the difference 
 betwixt clecre weather and miftic Refratliout weather : in 
 this manner. From a little hill which was neere adioyning to 
 ourhoufe ; in the deereft weather , when the Sunne fhone 
 with all thepuritie of ayre, that I could conceiue : we could 
 not fee a little Iland;which bare off vs South South-eaft,fome 
 foure leagues off: but if the weather weremiftie (asafore- 
 faid jthen we fhould often fee it, from the lo weft place. This 
 little Hand I had feene the laft yeere , when I was on Danby 
 Hand The 13.1 tooke the height of it taftrumentally ; Han- 
 ding neere the Seas fide : which I found to be 3 4. minutes .* 
 the Sunne being 28. degrees high. This fliowes, how great 
 a Refraftion here is. Yet may this be noted by the way ; That 
 I haue feene the land eleuated , by rcafon of the refradious 
 ayre ; and neuerthelefle, the Sunne hath rifen perfed round. 
 
 The fixteenth was themoft comfortable Sun-fhinc day, 
 that came this yeere : and T put fomc to cleere off the fnow 
 from the vpper decks of the Ship; and to cleere and dry the 
 great Cabbin , by making fire in it. Others I put to digge 
 downe thorow the Ice, to come by our Anker , that was in 
 fhoald water, which the 1 7. in theaftemoone we got vp, and 
 carried aboord. 
 
 'Hie eighteenth , I put them to digge downe thorow the 
 Ice, neere the place where we thought our Rudder might be. 
 They digged downe, and came to water: butnohope of fin- 
 ding of it : we had many doubts, that it mought be fanded : 
 or that the Ice might haue carried it away already, the laft 
 y cere ; or if we could not recouer it by digging before the Ice 
 brake vp, and droue, there was little hope of it. 
 
 The nineteenth wee continued our myning worke a- 
 boord the Shippej and returned in the Euening to . Sup- 
 per aftioarc : This Day, The Mafter and two others, 
 defired that they might lye aboord : which I condifcen- 
 ded to : for indeed they had lainc very difeommodioufiy 
 all the winter, and with fickcbed-fellowes: as I my felrc 
 had done j euery one in that kinde taking their fortunes. 
 By lying aboord, they auoyded the hearing of the mifera- 
 
 I 3 We 
 
 6 5> 
 
 1?. 
 
 I <t. 
 
 I 7* 
 
 18. 
 
 
The Wintering. 
 
 ble groanings : and lamenting of the ficke men all night long: 
 enduring ( poore foules ) intolerable torments. 
 
 By the one and twentieth, we had laboured fo hard, that 
 we tame to fee a Caske ; and could likewile pcrcciuc that 
 there was fome water in the Hold. This we knew could not 
 be thawed water ; becaufe it did ftill freeze night and day 
 very hard aboord the Ship, and one the land alfo. 
 
 By the three and twentieth in the Burning, wee came to 
 pierce the forementioned Caske: and found it was full of ve- 
 ry good Beerc, which did much reioyce vs all : cfpccially the 
 fickemen , notwithftanding that it did tafte a little of bulge- 
 water. By this we at that time thought that the holes we had 
 cut to finke the Ship, were frozen, and that this water had 
 flood in the Ship all the W inter. 
 
 Thefoureand twentieth, we went betimes in the mor- 
 ning to worke: but found that the water was rifenaboue 
 the Ice where we had left work, about two foot: for that the 
 wind had blou ne very hard at North, the night before. In 
 the morning, the wind came about South, and blew hard, and 
 although we bad little realbn for it ; wc yet expefted a low- 
 er veere of the water. I there vpon put them to worke on the 
 outfideof the Ship: that we might come to the lower hole, 
 which we had cut in the Sterne-Shootcs. W ith much labour 
 by night, we digged downe thorow the Ice to it ; and found 
 it vnfrozen fas it had bin all the W inter ) and to our great 
 comforts, we found that on the infide, the water was ebd 
 eucn with the hole : and that on the outfide, it wa« ebd a 
 foot lower. Hereupon I made a fhot-boord to be naild on it : 
 and to be made as tight as might be, to try if the water came 
 in any other way. Tt> the other two holes, • c had digged on 
 thfe infide •• and found them frozen ? Now i did this betimes, 
 that if we found the Ship foundered, wc might refolue of 
 fome courfe to faue, or prolong our liues, by getting to 
 the maine before the Ice were broken vp: for, as for our 
 Boate, it was too little, and bulged, befides that. Our Car- 
 penter was by this time part hope : and therefore little hope 
 hadwcof our Pinnalfe. But which was worft of all, we 
 
 vl ' had 
 
The Wintering. 71 
 
 bad not foure men able to traucll through the Snow oucr the 
 Ice, and in this miferable eftate were we at this prefent. 
 
 The 25. we fatisfied our longing: for the windc now com- 25, 
 
 ming about Northerly, the water rofe by the Ships fide(where 
 we had digged do wne) a foot and more aboue the Hold : and 
 yet did not rife within boord. This did fo incourage vs, that 
 we fell veryluftily to digging , and to hcaue out the Ice, out 
 of the Ship. I put the Cooke and fomc others , to tha w the 
 pumps : who by continuall powring of hot water into them; 
 
 Dythe 27. in the morning they had clecrcd one of them : 
 which we fay- ing, found that it did deliuer water very fuffi- 
 ciently. Thus we fell to pumping : and hauing clcered two 
 foot water, we then left to haue a fecond tryail. Continuing 
 our worke thus, in digging the Ice ; by the 2 8. we had dee- 3 8. 
 red our other pumpe : which we alfo found to deliuer wa- 
 ter very well: We found likewife, that the water did not 
 rif e any thing, in Hold. 
 
 The 29. it rained all day long, a fure figne to vs , that win- 29. 
 
 ter was broken vp. 
 
 The 30. wee were betimes aboord at our worke : which 30. 
 day, and the one and thirtieth, were very cold , with fhow 
 and haile .* which did pinch our ficke men more then any 
 time this yecre. This euening being May Euen ; we returned 
 late from our worke to our houfe : and made a good fire, and 
 chofe Ladies , and did ceremonioufly wcare their names in 
 our Caps : endeauouring to reuiue our felues by any mcanes. 
 
 And becaufe you heare vs in this merry humour ; I will-make 
 knowne to you what good cheere we kept at Chriftmas and 
 Eafter: and how we had dieted our felues all the winter. 
 
 At our comming fborth of England,vjz were ftored with 
 all fort of Sea prouifions : as Beefe, Porke, Fifh, &c. but 
 now that we had little hope of refrefhing, our Cooke did 
 order it in this manner. 
 
 The Beefe which was to ferae on Sunday-night to Supper; 
 he did boyle on Satcrday-night, in a Kettle full of watcr,with 
 a quart or Oatemeale,about an houre : 1 hen taking the Beefe 
 out, he boyled the rclh till it came to halfe the quantitie : And 
 
 this 
 
this we called porridge : which with bread we did eate , as 
 hot as we could : and after this we had our ordinary of filh. 
 Sunday dinner, weehadPorkc andPeafc: and at night the 
 former boyled Beefc made more porridge. In this manner 
 our.Tuefdayes Beefe was boyled on the Munday nights : and 
 thcThurfdayes-, vpon the Wednefdayes. And thus all the 
 weeke ( except Friday night ) we had fomc warrnc thing in 
 our bellies eucry (upper. And ( furely ) this did vs a great 
 dealcof good. Butfoone after Chriftmas, many of vs fell 
 ficke, and had fore mouthes : and could neither eate Beefe, 
 Porke, Fifh, nor Porridge. Their dyet was onely this : They 
 
 would ponnd Bread, or Oatmeale in a morter, to meale : then 
 fry it in a frying panne, with a little oy le, and fo eate it. Some 
 | \ ' would boyle Peafe to a foft pafte, and feed as well as they 
 
 could , vpon that. For the mod part of the winter , water 
 wasourdrinkc. In the whole winter, we tookenotabouca 
 doozen Foxes : many of which would be dead in the traps, 
 two or three dayes, oftentimes; and then when the blood 
 was fettled, they would be vnwholefomc. But if wc tooke 
 one aliue, that had not bin long in the trap , him we boyled, 
 and made broth for the weakeft ficke men of him: the fleih 
 of it being foft boyled they did eate alfo. 
 
 Some white partridges we kild : but not worth rh men- 
 tioning towards any refrelhing. 
 
 We had three forts of fickemen. Thofe that could not 
 mouenornirnethemfeluesin their Beds, who muft be ten- 
 ded like an Infant. Others that were as it vvere creenl d 
 
 S with feuruy Aches. And others Iaftly, that were fomething 
 
 better. Moftof all had (ore mouthes. You may now aske 
 |g me, how thefeinfirme men could worke? I will tell you: 
 
 m Our Surgeon (which was diligent, and a fweet- conditioned 
 
 ji| man, as euer I (aw ) would be vp betimes in the mornings ; 
 
 O and whileft he did picke their Teeth, and cut away the dead 
 
 ; " fleih from their Gummcs, they would bathe their ownc 
 
 thighesjlcnecsyandlegges. The manner whereof way this: 
 || There was no tree, bud, nor herbe ; but we made tryall of it : 
 
75 
 
 The Wintering. 
 
 Tubs, and Bafonss they put it vnder them , and couering 
 themfelues with Cloathcs vpon it ; this would fomollifie 
 the grieued parts, that although, when they did rife out of 
 their Beds, they would be fo crippled, that they could fcarce 
 {land: yet after this done halfeanhoure, they would be able 
 to goe (and mull goe ) to wood, thorow the Snow, to the 
 Ship, and about their other bufinefle. By night, they would 
 beasbadagaine: and then they muft bee bathed, anoynted, 
 and their mouthesagaine dreft, before they went to Bed. And 
 with this dyet, and in this manner, did wc goe thorow our 
 mifcrics. 
 
 I eucr doubted, that we (hould be weakeft in the Spring ; 
 and therefore had I referued a Tun of Alegant Wine vnto 
 this time. Of this, by putting feuen parts of water, to one 
 of wine, we made fome wcake Beuerage: which (byrea- 
 fon that the wine by being frozen, had loft his Vertuc ) was 
 little better then water. The ficker fort had a Pint of Ale- 
 gant a day, byitfelfe; and of fuch poore Aqua vita; too, as 
 we had, they had a little dramme allowed them next their 
 hearts cuery morning ; and thus wee made the beft vfe of 
 what we had , according to the feafons. 
 
 UWajr, i <Jj 2. 
 
 The firft , we went aboord betimes, to heaue out the Ice. j 
 
 The fecond, it did {now and blow, and was fo cold, that 3 
 
 we werefainetokeepehoufc all day. This vnexpe&ed cold 
 at this time of theyeeredidfovexeourfickemen; that they 
 grew worfe and worfe : we cannot now take them out of 
 their beds, but they would {wound: and we had much adoe, 
 to fetch life in them. 
 
 The third, thofe that were able, went aboord betimes to g. 
 heaue out the Ice. The Snow was now melted in many pla- 
 ces vpon the Land , and flood in plafhes : and now there 
 came fome Cranes, and Gecfe to it. 
 
 The fourth, while the reft wrought aboord, I and the 
 Surgeon went with a couple of pieces , to fee if we could 
 
 K hill 
 
 4 - 
 
The Wintering. 
 
 kill any of thefe fowle for our ficke men , but neuer did I 
 fee fuch wi!d-fo\vle : They would not indurc to fee any 
 thing mooue. W herefore we returned within i. houres, not 
 being able to indure any longer (talking thorow the fnow , 
 and the wet plafhes. I verily thought that my feet and legs 
 would haue fallen off, they did fo torment me with airing. 
 
 The 6 . Iohn War don, the Mafter of my Ships chiefc Mate 
 dyed, whom we buried in the Euening (in the moftChri- 
 ftian-like manner we could ) vpon the top of a bare hill of 
 fand : which we cald Brandon Hill. 
 
 The weather continued very cold : freezing fo hard in a 
 night , that it would beare a man. 
 
 By the 9. we were come to,and got vp our fiue barrels of 
 Beefe and Porke, and had found 4. Buts of Beere, and one of 
 Cydar , which God had preferued for vs : It hadlayne vn- 
 der water all the winter; yet we could notperceiue that it 
 was any thing the worfe. God make vs euer thankefull for 
 the comfort it gaue vs. 
 
 The 10. it did fnow and blow fo cold, that we could not 
 ftirre out of the houfc : yet neuerthcleffe , by day the fnow 
 vanifheth away apace on the land. 
 
 5, 12 Then, we were aboord betimes, toheaue out Ice. By 
 the is. at night, we had eleered out all the Ice, out of the 
 Held : and found likewife our ftore-fhooes which had layne 
 foaktin the water ail the winter : but we dried them by the 
 fire , and fitted cur felues with them. W e ftrooke againe our 
 Cables into the Hold; there flowd we a But of Winealfo, 
 which had beene all the Winter on the vpper decke, and con- 
 tinued as yet, all firme frozen. W e fitted the Ship alfo : ma- 
 king her ready tofinke her againe, when thelcc.brake vp. 
 We could hitherto find no defeat in her : and therefore well 
 hoped, that (he was ftanche. The Carpenter, ncuerthele(Te, 
 did earneftly argue to the contrary : alleadging, that now (he 
 iay on the ground , in her Docke ; and that the Ice had fild 
 herdefeds: and that the Ice was the thing that kept out 
 the water : but when (he (hould come to labour in the fea ; 
 then doubdefle , she would open. And indeed we could 
 
 now 
 
. The Winterin'?. 
 
 now fee quite through her feames , betwixt wind and water. 
 But that which did trouble vs as iliasall this, was the loiTe 
 of her Rudder : and that {he now lay in the very ftrength of 
 theTyde: which, when euer the Ice droue, might teare her 
 to pieces. But we ftill hoped the beft. 
 
 The 13. being the Sabbath Day , we folemnized; giuing 
 God thankes for thofe hopes and comforrs we dayly had : 
 The weather by day-time was pretty and warmc : but it did 
 freeze by night : yet now we couid fee feme bare patches 
 of land. 
 
 The 14. we began a new fort of worke. The Boate- 
 fwaine and a conuenient number fought afhoare the reft of 
 our Rigging : which was much fpoyld by pecking of it out 
 of the Ice : and this they now fell to fitting, and to ftruing of 
 it. I fet the Cooper to fit our Caske, although ( poore man) 
 he was very infirme : my intent being, to paflfe fome Cables 
 vnder the Ship , and fo to Buoy her vp with thefe Caske; if 
 ©thenvifo we could not get her off. Some others , I ordered 
 to goe fee , if they could kill fome wild-fowle for our fickc 
 men : who now grew worfe and worfe. And this is to be 
 remembred, that we had no foot , but what we did make of 
 the Aprons of our Gunnes and fome old pewter that I had: 
 for the Carpenters-foeet-lead,we durft not vfe. 
 
 The 1 5. I manured a little patch of ground, that was bare 
 of fnow ; and fowed it with Peafon : hoping to haue fome of 
 the hearbs of them foortly , to eate : for as yet we can finde 
 no green e thing to comfort vs. 
 
 The 1 8. our Carpenter william Cole dyed , a man general- 
 ly bemoaned of vs all: afmuchfor his innate goodnefle , as 
 for the prefent neccility we had of a man of his quality. He 
 had indured a long fickneffe, with much patience , and made 
 a very godly end. In the Euening , we buried him by Mafter 
 Wardott: accompanied with as many as could goe: for 3. 
 more of our principall men, lay then expelling a good houre. 
 And now were we in the moft miferable eftate , that we 
 were in all the voyage. Before his extreme weaknefle, he 
 had brought the Pinnace to that pafle, that foe was ready 
 
 K 2 .to 
 
The Wintering. 
 
 to be boulted andtrenneld; and to be ioyn’d together tore- 
 cciue the planke : fo that wc were not fo difcouraged by his 
 death, but that wc did hope of our felues to finifli her : if the 
 Ship proved vnferuiceable. 
 
 This our Pinnace was 27. foot by theKecle, 10. foot 
 by the Beame , and 5. foot in Hold : {he had 1 7. ground tim- 
 bers, 54. principall Staddlcs , and 8. fhort Staddles. He had 
 contriued Her with around fterne, tofaue labour: and in- 
 deed {lie was a well proportioned V eflell. Her burthen was 
 1 2. or 14. Tunne. 
 
 In theEuening , the Mailer of our Ship, after buriall re- 
 turning aboord Ship , and looking about her : difeouered 
 fotnepartof our Gunner; vnderthe Gun-roome ports. This 
 man , we had committed to the Sea at a good diftance from 
 the Ship, and in deep water, neere 6. moneths before. 
 
 The 1 9. in the morning * I fent men to dig him out , he 
 was fall in the Ice, his head downewards , and his hecle vp- 
 ward, for he had but one legge; and the ptafter was yet at 
 his wound : Tn the afternoone, they had digd him cleere out:, 
 after all which time, he was as free from noyfomcnefle, as 
 when we firft committed him to the Sea. This alteration had 
 the Ice and water, and time onely wrought on him: that his 
 flelh would flipvp and downevpon his bones, likeagloue 
 on a mans hand. In the Euening we buried him by the others. 
 This day, one George Vgganes (who could handle a toole beft 
 of vs all) had indifferent well repaired our boate : and fo we 
 ended this moumefull weeke. The fnow was by this time 
 prettily well wafted in the woods: and we hailing a high 
 tree, on the higheft place of the Hand, which we called our 
 watch-tree; from the top of it we might fee into the fea, but 
 found no appearance of breaking vp yet. 
 
 This 20. being Whit-Sunday , we fadly folemnized , and 
 had fome tafte of the wildc-fowle : but not worth the 
 
 4 y 
 
 writing. 
 
 The one and twentieth, was the warmeft Suntie-fhine-day, 
 that came this ycere. I lent 2. a-fowling: andmyfelfe ta- 
 king the Mafter, the Surgeon, and one more, with our pieces 
 
 and 
 
7 he Wintering. 
 
 and our Dogs , wc went into the woods to fee what com- 
 fort wee could finde. Weewandred from the houfe eight 
 miles ; and fearcht with ail diligence: but returned comfort- 
 leffe, not an herbe nor leafe eatable, that we could finde. Our 
 Fowlers had as bad fuccefle. In the woods, wee found the 
 Snow partly wafted away, fo that it was paflable. The ponds 
 were almoft vnthawd : but the Sea from any place we could 
 fee all firme frozen. 
 
 The fnow doth not melt away here with the Sunne or 
 raine ; and fo make any land- floods ; as in England. : but it is 
 exhaled vp by the Sunne, and fuckt full of holes , like honey- 
 combs : fo that the fand whereon it lyes, will not be at all 
 wetted. The like obferuation weealfohad: that let it rain? 
 euer fo much, you fhall (ee no land- floods after it. 
 
 The two and twentieth , we went aboord the Ship : and » 2 • 
 
 found that thee had made fo much water, that it was nowri- 
 fenaboue the ballaft, which made vs doubt againe of her 
 foundneffe. We fell to pumping, andpumpt her quite dry. 
 
 And now by day fometimes, we l*aue fuch hot gloomcs, that 
 wc cannot endure in the Sunne : and yet in the night it would 
 freeze very hard. This vnnaturalnefle of the feafon, did tor- 
 ment our men, that they now grew worfe and worfe daily. 
 
 The three and twentieth , our Boat-fwayne ( a paincfull 
 man ) hauingbeene long fickc, which he had heartily refi- 
 lled , was taken with fuch a painefull ache in one of his 
 thighs; that we verily thought he would haue prefenty dyed. 
 
 He kept his bed all day in great extremities and it was a 
 max ime amongft vs ; that if any one kept his bed two dayes, 
 he could rife no more.This made euery man to ftriue to keepe 
 vp, for life. 
 
 The foure and twentieth was very warme Sun-fhine : and *4- 
 the Ice did confume by the fhores fide, and crackt all ouer the 
 Bay,withafearcfull noyfe. About three in the afternoone, 
 wc could pcrceiue the Ice with the ebbe to driue by the Ship. 
 Whereupon I lent two with all fpeed vnto the Mafter , with 
 order : to beate out the hole , and to finke the Ship : as like- 
 wife to looke for the Rudder, betwixt the Ice. This he pre- 
 
 K 3 fently 
 
T 
 
 The Wintering . ^ 
 
 fently performed : and a happy fellow, one r Dautd Hammon, 
 pecking betwixt the Ice, ftrooke vpon it, and it came vp with 
 his lance •- who crying that he had found it, the reft came and 
 got it vp on the Ice, and fo into the Ship, In the meane fpace, 
 with the little drift that the Ice had,itbegan to rife and mount 
 into high heaps againft the fhoald fhoares, and rocks : and 
 like wife againft the heapeef Ice, which we had put for a 
 Bariicado to our Ship : but with little harme to vs. Yet we 
 were faine to cut away 20. faddomeof Cable which was 
 frozen in the fee. After an houre , the Ice fettled againe, as 
 not hailing any vent outwards. Oh ! this was a ioyfull day to 
 vsall : and we gaue God thanks for the hopes we had of it. 
 
 The flue and twentieth was a fine warmc day ; and with 
 the ebbe , the Ice did driue againft the Ship, and lliake her 
 fhrowdly. 
 
 The fixe and twentieth, I tookc the Chirurgion with mee, 
 and went againe to wander the woods : and went to that Bay, 
 where laft yeere wee had loft our man Tohn Barton. But we 
 could finde no figne of him, nor of other reliefe. 
 
 By the eight and twentieth it was pretty and cleere, betwixt 
 the Ship and the ftioare , and I hoped the Ice would no more 
 dangeroufly opprefie vs. Wherefore I caufed the lower hole 
 to be firmely ftopt : the water then remaining three foot, a- 
 boucthe Balia ft. 
 
 The nine and twentieth, being Trince Charles his birth day- 
 we kept Holy-day, and difplay'd his Maiefties Colours : both 
 aland and aboord ; and named our habitation CharlesTorvnc } 
 by contraction Charlton : and the Hand, Charlton Hand. 
 
 The thirtieth we lanchcd our Boate ; and had intercourfe 
 fometimes betwixt the Ship and the ftioare by Boat: which 
 was newes to vs. 
 
 The laft of this moneth, wee found On the Beach fome 
 Vetches , to appeare out of the ground ; which I made the 
 men to pick vp, and to boy le for our fickc men. 
 
 This day, we made an end of fitting all our Rigging and 
 Sayles : and it being a very hot day, we did dry and new make 
 our Fifhin the Sunne: and ayredall our other prouifions. 
 
 There 
 
The Wintering. 
 
 There was not a man of vsatprefent, abletoeate of ourfalc 
 prouifions, but my felfe and the Matter of my Ship. It may 
 be here remembred , that all this Winter wee had notbccnc 
 troubled with any rhumes , nor flegmaticalldifcafes. All this 
 moneth the winde hath bcene variable , but for the moft part 
 bjortherly. 
 
 Ime. 1632. 
 
 The foure firftdayes , it did fnow, haile, and blow very 
 hard; and was fo cold, that the Ponds of water did freeze o- 
 uer : and the water in our Cans did freeze in the very houfe: 
 our clothes alfo that had beenc wafhed and hung out to dry, 
 did not thaw all day. 
 
 The fift, it continued blowing very hard in the broad fide 
 of the Ship : which did make her fwag and wallow in her 
 Docke for all {bee was funken : which did much fhake her. 
 The Ice withall did driue ago in ft her , and gaue her many 
 fearefull blowes. I refolued to endeuourto hang the Rudder; 
 and when God fentvs water, ( notwithftanding theabun- 
 dance of Ice that was yet about vs ) to haue her further off : 
 Intheaftemoone, we vnder-run our fmall Cable to our An- 
 ker,which lay a-Sterne in deepe water; and fo with Come dif- 
 ficuitiegatc vp our Anker: This Cable had laine flackc vn- 
 dcr-foot, andvnderthelce, all the Winter : and wee could 
 neuer haue a cleere Hatch from Ice, to hauc it vp, before now; 
 we found it not a iottheworfe. I put fome to make Col- 
 rakes ; that they might goe into the water, and rake a hole in 
 
 the fands to let downe our Rudder. 
 
 The fixth, we went about to hang it. And our young luf- 
 tieft men tooke turtles, to goe into the water, and to rake 
 away the land: but they were not able toindure the cold 
 of it halfe a quarter of anhoure,it was fo moif uying.-yea, 
 vfc what comforts we could, it would make them 1 wound 
 and dye away. We brought it to the Sternepoft : but were 
 then fame to giue it ouer, being able to worke at it no longer- 
 Then we pluggd vp the vpper holes, within boord : and tell 
 to pumping the water againc out of her. 
 
 19 
 
 S. 
 
 6 V 
 
 
 
 
So The Wintering. 
 
 7. The feuenth we wrought fomething about our Rudder, 
 but were againc forced to giue ouer ; and to put out our Ca- 
 bles ouer-boord, with Me\ fengers vntothem.- the Ankers 
 lying to that pafle, that we might keepe her right in her 
 docke,when we fhould haue brought her light. 
 
 8. By the eighth at night, we had pumpt all the water out of 
 her : and fhee at a high water would fleet in her docke, 
 though fhe were ftill aockt in the lands, almoft fourefoot. 
 
 - This made vs to confidcr what was to be done. I relolued to 
 heauc out all thcBallaft: for that the bottome of her being fo 
 foakt all the winter, I hoped was fo hcauy,that it would beare 
 her. If we could not get her off that way, I then thought 
 to cut her downe to the lower decke, and take out her 
 Mails : and fo with our Caske to Buoy her off. 
 
 9. " 1 he ninth , betimes in the morning wee fell to worke 
 
 we hoy ft out our Becre and Cydar, and made a raft of it • 
 faftning it to our Ihoare- Anker : The Beerc and Cydar funke 
 prefently to the ground: which was nothing flrange to vs ; 
 for that any wood or pipe-ftaues that had Iayne vnder the Ice 
 all the winter , would alfo finke downe, fo foone as euer 
 it was heaued ouer-boord : This day we heaued out tenne 
 tunneof Ballaft. And here I am to remember Gods good- 
 nefle towards vs: in fending thofe foremetitioned greene 
 Vetches. For now our feeble ficke men, that could not for 
 their Hues ftirre thefetwoor three months, canindure the 
 ayre and walke about the houfe : our other ficke men gather 
 ftrength alfo : and it is wonderfull to fee how foone they 
 were recovered. We vfed them in this manner : Twice a day , 
 we went to gather the herbe or leafe of thefe Vetches , as 
 they firft appeared ou t of the ground : then did wc walh and 
 boyle them, and fo with Oyle and Vineger that had been fro- 
 zen, we did eate them •• It was an excellent luftenance and 
 refrefhing : the moll part of vs ate nothing elfe : we would 
 likcwifebruile them, and take the Iuyce of them, and mixe 
 that with our drinkc: we would eate them raw alfo, with 
 our bread. 
 
 11. The eleuenth was very warme weather , and we did hang 
 
 our 
 
The Wintering. 
 
 oar Rudder. The tydes did now very much deceiue vs : for 
 a Northerly wind would very little raife the water. This 
 made vs doubt of getting off our Ship. 
 
 The thirteenth I refoluedof the Latitude of this place, 
 fo thathauing examined the Inftraments, and praftifed about 
 it this Fortnight, I now found it to be inji degrees, and 3 
 minutes. 
 
 The ,foureteenth wee had heaued out all the Ballaft, 1 4. 
 
 and carried all our Yards, and cuery thing elfc of weight a- 
 fhoare, fo that we now had the Ship as light as poflible it 
 could be. 
 
 The fifteenth we did little but exercife our felues: fee- 15. 
 ing that by thistime, our men that were mod feeble, are now 
 growne ftrong, and can ranne about. The fiefh of their 
 gummes became fettled againe, and their teeth faftned: fo 
 that they can eate Becfc with their V etches. 
 
 This day I went to our Watch-tree : but the Sea (for any 
 thing I could perceiue to the contrary) was ftill firme frozen .• 
 and the Bay we were in, all full of Ice , hauing no way to 
 vent it. _ * 
 
 Thefixteenth was wondrous hot, with fome thunder 16, 
 and lightning, lo that our men did goe into the ponds alheare, 
 to fwimme and code themfelucs : yet was the water very 
 cold ftill. Here had lately appeared diuers forts of flyes: as 
 Butterflyes, Butchers-flycs , Horfeflyes : and luch an infinit 
 abundance of bloud-thirfty Muskitocs, that we were more 
 tormented with thcm,then euer we were with the cold wea- 
 ther. Theft: (I thinke) lye dead in the old rotten wood all 
 the winter, and in fummer they reuiue againe. Here be like- 
 wife infinite company of Ants, and Frogs in the ponds vp- 
 on the land : but we aur ft not eate of them; they lookt fo 
 (peckled like Toads. By this time were there neither Beares, 
 
 Foxes, norFowletobefeene : they are all gone. 
 
 The feuenteenth, the wind came Northerly, and wee ex- 
 peffingahighTyde , in the morning betimes, put out our 
 (mall Cable afterne out at the Gun-roome-port : but the 
 morning Tyde we had not water by a foot. In the Euening 
 
8 2 The Wintering. 
 
 I bad laid marlces, by ftones , &c. and mee thoughts the 
 water did flow apace. Making fignes therefore for the Boate 
 to come alhoare ; I tooke all that were able to doe any thing 
 with meaboord : and at high water (although fhe wanted 
 fomething to rife deere out of her docke)y et we heau’d with 
 fuch a good will, that wcheauedher thoroiv the land into 
 a foot and a halfe deeper water. Further then fo, we durft 
 not yet bring her, for that the Ice was all thicke about vs. 
 After we had moor’d her, we went all to prayers: andgaue 
 God thankes, that had giuen vs our fhip againe. 
 
 1 8 . The 1 8 th. we were vp betimes : the Cooper, and fome 
 with him, to fill freflh water : my felfe with fome others, 
 to gather ftones at low-water ; which we pyling vp in a 
 heape, at high water the Cock-fwaine and his Ging, fetcht 
 them aboord : v. here the Maftcr with the reft flood them. 
 The Ship at low water had a great luft to the offing : by 
 which tneanes we could the better come and flop the two 
 vpper holes firmely : after which we fitted other conuenient 
 places, to make others to finke her, if occafion were. 
 
 The ninteenth, we were all vp betimes to worke, asa- 
 fore fpecified : thefe two dayes, our Ship did not fleet: and 
 it was a happy houre, when we got her offj for that wc 
 neuer had fuen a high Tyde all the time we were here. In the 
 Euening, I went vp to our Watch tree : and this was the 
 firft time I could lee any open water, anyway; except that 
 little by the fhoarefide, where we were. This put vs in 
 lome comfortj that the Sea would fhortly breake vp .• which 
 Wee knew muft bee to the Northward; feeing that way 
 we were ccrtaine, there wasaboue two hundered leagues 
 of Sea. ° 
 
 ^ The ao. we laboured as aforefaid. ThewindeatN.N.W. 
 The tyde rofe fo high , that our Ship fleeted, and we drew 
 her further off, intoafoote and a halfe deepe water. Thus 
 we did it by little and little; for that the Ice was ftill won- 
 derfull thicke about vs« 
 
 m, The z a. there drouc much Ice about vs, and within vs, and 
 
 brought home our Sterne- Anker. At high water (notwith- 
 
 ftanding 
 
The Wintering, gj 
 
 ftanding all the Ice) we heau’d our Ship further off: that fo 
 /he might lie aflote at low- water. 
 
 The next low-water , we founded all about the Ship: and 
 found it very foule ground , we difeouered ftones 3. fbote 
 high,abouo the ground, and 2. of them within a Ships breadth 
 of the Ship : whereby did more manifcftly appearc Gods 
 mercies to vs : for if when we forced her a/hoare , flic had 
 ftrooken one blowagainftthofc ftones, it had bulged her. 
 
 Many fuch dangers were there in this Bay : which we now 
 firft perceiued, by the Ices grounding and riling againft them. 
 
 In the Euening, we tow’d off the Ship, vnto the place fhe rid 
 the Iaft yeere , and there moord her. Shering the Ship, night 
 and day, flood and ebbe, amongftthedi/perftlce that came 
 athwart of vs. 
 
 The 23. we laboured in fetching our prouifions aboord: 23. 
 
 which to doe, we were faine to wade to carry it to the boate 
 a full flight-lhot : and all by reafon the winde was Southerly. 
 
 This morning, I tooke an Obfer nation of the 'JMoones com- 
 ming to the South, by a c Meridian line of 1 20. yards long : 
 which I had rectified many weeks before-hand. 
 
 The 24 . 1 tooke another Obferuation of the Afoones com- *4* 
 ming to the ^Meridian : for which I referre you to the ob- 
 {eruations in the latter end of this Iournall. 
 
 Whereas I had formerly cut downe a very high tree , and 
 made a Croffeofit, to it I nowfaftened (vppermoft) the 
 Kings and Queencs Maiefties Pictures ; drawne to the life : 
 and doubly wrapt in lead, and fo clofe , that no weather could 
 hurt them. Betwixt both thefe I affixed his Maiefties Royall 
 Title: Viz. Charles the firft King of England, Scotland , 
 
 Trance and Ireland: as alfo of New-found-land , and of thefe 
 Territories , and to the Weft ward, as farre as Nova tsilbion, 
 and to the Northward to the Latitude of 80. degrees, &c. 
 
 On the out-lide of the lead, I faftened a /hilling and a fixe- 
 pence of his Maiefties Coyne : vnderthat, we faftened the 
 Kings Armes, fairelycutin lead : and vnderthat, the tsirmes 
 of the City of 'Briftoll. And this being OMidfnmmer-Dajr , 
 we raifed it on the top of the bare Hill, where we had buried 
 
 L 2 our 
 
The Wintering. 
 our dead fellowes : formally by this ceremony talcing poflcf- 
 
 fion ofthefe Territories, to his Maieftiesvfe. 
 
 The winde continuing Southerly and blowing hard, put 
 all the Ice vpon vs : fo that the Ship now rid amongft it , in 
 fuch apparent danger, that I thought verily we fliould haue 
 loft her. We laboured, flood and ebbe, both with poles and 
 oares , to heaue away and part the Ice from her. But it was 
 God that did protc.T and preferue vs : for it was paft any 
 mans vnderftanding, how the Ship could indureit, or we 
 by our labour faue her. In the night, the winde drifted 
 to the Weft ward , and blew the Ice from vs : whereby we 
 had fome reft. 
 
 The a 5 . in the morning , the Boate-fwayne with a conue- 
 nient crue w ith him, began to rigge the Ship : the reft fetch- 
 ing our prouifionsaboord. About io. aclocke, when it was 
 fornething darke, I tooke a Lance in my hand ; and one with 
 me withaMusket andfome fire, and went toour watch-tree; 
 to make a fire on the eminenteft place of the Hand : to fee if 
 it would be anfwcred: Such fires I had formerly made, to 
 haue knowledge if there were any Saluages on the maineor 
 the Hands about vs. Had there beene any, my purpofc was to 
 haue gone to them, to get fome intelligence of fome Chrifli. 
 am , or fome Ocean Sea thereabouts. When I was come to 
 the tree , I laid downe my Lance, and fo did my Confort his 
 Musket: and whileftmy fclfe dimed vp to the top of the 
 tree, I ordered him to put fire vnto fome low tree therabouts. 
 He, (vnaduifedly ) put fire to fome trees that were to wind- 
 ward : fo that they (and all the reft too by rcafon it had beene 
 very hot weather) being feare and dry, tooke fire like flaxe 
 orhcmpe: and the wind blowing the fire towards me, I 
 made hafte down the tree. But before I was halfe way down, 
 the fire tooke in the bottome of it , and blazed fo fiercely 
 vpwards , that I was faine to leape off the tree, and downe a 
 fteepe hill, andinbriefe, with much adoe, efcapt burning. 
 Themofleonthc ground was as dry as flaxe : and it would 
 runne moll ftrangely , and like a trainc along the earth. The 
 Musket and the Lance were both burnt. My Confort atlaft 
 
 came 
 
The Wintering. 
 
 came to me , and was ioyfull to fee me : for he thought veri- 
 ly I had bin burned. And thus we went homeward together, 
 leauing the fire increafing , and ftill burning moft furiotifly. 
 
 W e could fee no anfwer of it. I fiept but little all night after: 
 andatbreake of day, I made all our Powder and Beefe , to be 
 carried aboord. This day , I went to the hils, to looke to the 
 fire : where I faw how it did ftill burne moft furioufly : 
 both to the Wcftward , and Northward : leauing one vpon 
 the hils to watch it, I came home immediately , and made 
 them take downe our new fuite of faylcs , and carry them to 
 thefeas-fide, ready to be caftin, if occafion were, and to 
 make hafte to take downe our houfes. About noone , the 
 winde fhifted Northerly ; and our Sentinell came running 
 home , bringing vs word that the fire did follow him at hard 
 heeles , like atraine of powder. It was ho needetobid vs 
 take downe and carry all away to the fea-fidc. The fire came 
 towards vs with a moft terrible rattling noyfe : bearing a full 
 mile in breadth : and by that time wee had vneouered our 
 houfes and laid hand on , to carry away our laft things : the 
 fire was come to our Towneand feazed on it , and ( in a 
 trice ) burnt it downe to the ground. W e loft nothing of 
 any value in it .• for we had brought it all away into a place 
 of fecurity. Our dogges , in this combuftion , would fit 
 downe on their tayles , andhowle, and then name into the 
 Sea , on the fhoalds , and there flay. The winde fhifted 
 Eaftcrly : and the fire ranged to the Wcftward, feeking 
 what it might deuourc. This night, wc lay all together a- 
 boord the Ship , and gaue God thankes, that had Shipt vs in 
 hcragaine. 
 
 The twentie feuen, twentie eight, and twentie nine ; wee 27. 
 wrought hard, in fetching our things aboord, aslikewife our 
 water, which we muft towc off with the ebbe, and bring it 
 to the Ship with the flood. Morcouer, we muft goe about the 
 Eafter-point for drift-wood: for our tooles were all fo fpent, 
 that we could cut none. W herefore, about fome three day cs 
 agone, I had caufed our Pinnace to be fawed to pieces , and 
 with that we flowed our Caske , intending to burne it at 
 
 L 3 low 
 
86 The Wintering. 
 
 low waters , and fuch other times, as we could not worke in 
 carrying things aboord. I employed the men in fetching 
 ftones : and we did build three Tombs ouer our three dead 
 fcllowes j filling them vp with fand in a decent and handfome 
 fafhion. The leaft Tombe, had two tunnes of ftones about it. 
 
 The thirtieth, we moft earneftly continued our labour : and 
 brought our fayles to yard: and by eleuen a clocke at night 
 had made a priddy Ship: meaning tohaue finiflied our bufi- 
 neflfe with the wceke and the moneth , that fo we might the 
 better folemnize the Sabbath afhoarc to morrow, and io take 
 leaue of our wintering Hand. 
 
 The winde hath been variable a great while : and the Bayes 
 are now fo deere of Ice, that we cannot fee a piece of it : for 
 it was all gone to the Northward. Hoping therefore that it 
 giue content to fome Readers: I will relate the manner of 
 the breaking of it vp. Itisfirfttobc noted, that it doth not 
 freeze ( naturally) aboue fixe foot : the reft, is by accident. 
 Such is that Ice that you may fee here, fixe faddeme thicke. 
 This we had manifeft proofe of, by our digging the Ice out 
 of the Ship: and by digging to our Ankers, before the Ice 
 broke vp. 
 
 In May, when the heate increafeth , it thavves firftonthe 
 fhoald by the fihoare fide : which when it hath done round 
 about , then the courfes of the tydes (as well by the ebbe and 
 flood , as by their rifing and falling ) doe fo (hake the maine 
 Ice, that it cracks and breakes it. Thus, when it hath gotten 
 roome for motion ; then runnes one piece of it vpon ano- 
 ther : and fo bruifes and grinds it felfe againft the Ihoalds and 
 rocks, that it becomes abbreuiated,infomuch that a Ship may 
 hauc well paffage thorow it. Bcfides this; much of it is thruft 
 vpon the Ihoalds, where it is much confumed by the heate of 
 the Sunnc. The feafon here in this Climate , is moft vnnatu- 
 rall : for in the day time, it will be extreme hot : yea not in- 
 durablc in the Sunnc, which is, byreafon that it isafandy 
 countrey. In the night againc , it will freeze an inch thicke in 
 the ponds, and in the tubs about and in our houfe : And all 
 this, towards the latter end of Inne. 
 
 The 
 
7 be Wintering . 
 
 The LMtttkitoes vpon our comming away , were moft ia- 
 tolerable. Wee tore an old Auncicnt in pieces, and made vs 
 baggesof it to put our heads in : but it was no fortification 
 againft them. They wquld finde wayes and meancs to fting 
 vs, that our faces were fwolnehard out inpumples, which 
 would fo itch and finart, that we muft needs rubbe and tcare 
 them. And thefeflyes, indeed, were more tormenting to vs, 
 then all the cold we had heretofore indured. 
 
 Inly. 163*. 
 
 The firftof this month being Sunday, we were vp betimes. 
 And I caufed our Ship to be adorned the beft we could : our 
 Ancient on the Poope, and the Kings Colours in the mainc 
 top. I had prouided a fhort briefe of all the paflages of our 
 voyage to this day : I likewife wrote in what ftate we were 
 at prelent, andhowldidintcndtoprofccute the dilcouery, 
 both to the Weftward, and to the Southward, about this 
 Hand. This Briefe difcourle I had concluded, with a requeft 
 to any Noble minded T rauaylor that fhould take it downe, or 
 come to the notice of it : that if wc Ihould perifh in the 
 Action, then to make our indeuours knowne to our Soue- 
 raigne Lord the King. And thus with our Armes, Drumme 
 and Colours, Cooke and Kettle, we wentafhoare, andfirft 
 we marcht vp to our eminent Crofle, adioyning to which we 
 had buried our dead fcllowes. There wc read morning pray- 
 er, and then walked vp and downe till dinner time. After 
 dinner we walkt to the higheft Hils, to fee which way the 
 fire had wafted. Wedefcryedthat it had confumed to the 
 W eft ward, fixteene miles at leaft, and the whole bredth of 
 the Hand : neerc about our Crofle and dead, it could not 
 come : by reafon it was a bare landy Hill. After Euening 
 prayer, I happened to walke alongft the Beach fide: where 
 I found an herbe refembling Scuruy-grafle. I made feme to 
 be gathered* which we boyld with our meate to lupper: 
 It was moft excellent good, and farre better them our Vet- 
 ches After fupper we went all to feek^and gather more of 
 
 87 
 
 
88 The Wintering. 
 
 it : which we did, to the quantity of two bulhels which did 
 afterwards much refrefh vs: And now the Sunne wasfer, 
 and the Boat comnc afhoare for vs: whereupon we alfem- 
 bled our felues together, and went vp to take the laft view 
 of our dead, and to looke vnto their Tombes, and other 
 things: here leaning vpon mine arme,on one of their Tombes 
 I vtteredthefe lines, which though perchance they may pro- 
 cure laughter in the wifer fort ( which I fhall be glad of) they 
 yet moued my young and tender-hearted companions at that 
 time with fome companion. And thefe they were. 
 
 I Werc vnkind, vnlefle that I did (head, 
 
 Before I part, fome tcares vpon our dead : 
 
 And when my eyes be dry, I will not ceafe 
 In heart to pray, their bones may reft in peace : 
 
 Their better parts, (good foules) I know were giuen, 
 
 W ith an intent they fliould returne to heauen. 
 
 Their lines they fpent, to the laft drop of bloud. 
 
 Seeking Gods glory, and their Countries good, 
 
 And as a valiant Souldier rather dyes. 
 
 Then yeelds his courage to his Enemies : 
 
 And flops their way, with his hew’d flefh, when death 
 Hath quite depriu’d him of his ftrength and breath : 
 
 So haue they fpent themfelues ; and here they lye, 
 
 A famous marke of our Difcouery. 
 
 Wethatfuruiue, perchance may.end ourdayes 
 In fome imployment meriting no praife ; 
 
 And in a dung-hill rot : when no man names 
 The memory of vs, but to our (hames. 
 
 They haue out-liu’d this feare,a»d their braue ends, 
 
 W ill euer be an honour to their friends . 
 
 Why dropye fo, mine eyes ? Nay rather powre 
 My fid departure in a folemnc fhowre. 
 
 The W inters cold, that lately froze our bloud. 
 
 Now were it fo extreme, might doc thisgood. 
 
 As make thele tearcs, bright pearles : which I would lay. 
 Tomb’d fafely with you, till Doonacs fatall day. 
 
 That 
 
That in this Solitary place, where none 
 W ill cucr come to breathe a figh or grone , 
 Some remnant might be extant, of the true 
 And faithfull loue, I euer tenderd you. 
 
 Ob, reft in peace, deare friends, and let it be 
 No pride to fay the fometime part of me. 
 
 What paine and anguifh doth afflift thehead, 
 
 The heart and ftomake, when the limbes are dead : 
 
 So faftning my briefe to the Crofle, which was fecurely 
 Wrapt vp in Lead: we prefently tooke Boat and departed .* and 
 neuer put foote more on that Band. This Band and all the 
 reft, (as likewife the maine ) is alight white fand; couered 
 ouer with a white mode, and full of fhrubs and low bufhes : 
 excepting fome bare hils, and other patches. In thefe bare 
 places, the fand will driuc with the wind like duft. It is very 
 full of trees, asSprufeand Juniper: but the biggeft tree I 
 faw, was but a foote and a halfc ouer. At our fir ft comming 
 hither, we faw fome Deare and kild one : but neuer any 
 fince. Foxes, (ill the winter we faw many, and kild fome 
 dozen of them : but they went all away in May. Beares we 
 law but few, but kild none : we faw fome other little bcafts. 
 In May there came fome fowle, as Duckes and Geefe : of 
 which we kild very few. WhitePartridgeswcfawj but in 
 fmall quantities : nor had vv e any fhot,to fhoot at them Fifh 
 we could neuer fee any in the Sea: nor no bones offilh on 
 the fhoare fide : excepting a few Cockle-fhels : and yet no- 
 thing in them neither. Other things remarkeable I haue before 
 mentioned. 
 
 Sogrieu’d, I kiffe yourgraues : and vow to dye, 
 A Fofter-father to your memory. 
 
 Farewell. 
 
 M 
 
 OVR 
 
9 o 
 
 OVR DISCOVERY 
 
 and comming Home. 
 
 July, 1632. 
 
 \ 
 
 Vnday being the fecond of My, we 
 were vp betimes : about Stowing 
 and fitting our Ship , and waying of 
 our Ankers , which when the Iaft 
 W 5 s a-trippe , wee went to prayer, 
 befeechingGod to continue his mer- 
 cies to vs , and rendering him thanks 
 for hauing thus reftored vs.Our Ship 
 we found nodefeft in; we had abun- 
 dance of fuch prouifions, as we brought out of England: 
 and we were in indifferent health, and did gather ftrength dai- 
 ly. This being done, we wayed, and came cheercfiilly to fayle. 
 The winde at North- weft, bad to get away. Wherefore we 
 flood ouer to Danby Hand, to take in more wood ; and there 
 to be ready to take the opportunitie of a faire winde. I went 
 afhoare my felfe with the Boate : for that fome of the com- 
 pany had told me, they had feen fome flakes the Iaft yeer dro- 
 uen into the ground. When we came aftioare, whileft fome 
 gatherd wood, I went to the place : where I found two flakes, 
 drouen into the ground about a footeand ahalfe, and fire- 
 brands , where a fire had beene made by them. I puld vp the 
 
 flakes, 
 
9 1 
 
 Our difcoutry And camming home. 
 
 flakes , which were about the bigndfe of my armc ; and they 
 had becnc cut fharpe at the ends , with a hatchet , or fomc 
 other good Iron toolc , and driuen in as it were with the 
 head of it. They werediftant about a ftones-throw , from 
 the water fide. I could not conceiue , to what purpofe they 
 fhould be there fet ; vnleifc it were for fomc marke for boats. 
 
 This did augment my defire, to fpeakc with the Saluages: for 
 without doubt they could haue giuen notice of fbme Chri- 
 ftians , with whom they had fome commerce. About 4. in 
 theEuening , I returned aboord with a boats lading of wood: 
 and the winde fomething fauouring, wewayde; with our 
 lead feeking out a Channell amongft thefe perilous fhoalds. 
 
 In the Euening , the winde oppofing it felfe ; we came to 
 Anker betwixt Charleton Hand , and that Hand we named 
 thelaft yeere, fin memory of that Honourable Gentleman 
 Mailer Thomas Carte, one of the Bed-chamber to the King} 
 
 Caries I/and: where we rid all night. 
 
 The 3 . at breake of day , we way de with a bare winde, and 3 • 
 
 founding vp and downe for a Channell, we were many times 
 in j .and 4-fad. water. The winde larging vpon vs, we flood 
 away Weft: by noone, we faw all Ice to the North-ward 
 of vs. Indeauouring, therefore, to compafle about the W efter- 
 point of Charleton Hand : and (o to feeke to the South- 
 ward: We found it all fhoalds, Rockes, and breaches. By 4. 
 in the afternoone , we faw the W cftern-land ; but all full of 
 Ice: whereupon, as the wind fauoured vs, weftoodalongft 
 it in fight to the North* ward. 
 
 The fourth was calme , but fo very thicke fogge withall, 4. 
 that we could not fee aPiftoll-fhot about vs. Wherefore 
 we came to an Anker , and there rid all this day and the next 
 night. , 
 
 The fifr,at three in the morning , we waide : but Ice being 5. 
 all about vs, we knew not which way to turtle vs now to 
 avoide telling the lame thing 20. times: we were continually, 
 till the 12. fo peftered and tormented with Ice ; that it 
 Would leeme incredible to relate it : lometimes we u ere fo 
 blinded with fogge , that we could not fee about vs : and oe- 
 
 M * ia S 
 
92 ' Our di fernery and comming home. 
 
 ing now become wilfull in our indeauours , we fhould lo 
 ftrike againft the lee , that the fore-part of the Ship would 
 cracke againe; and make our Cooke and others to runne vp all 
 amazed , and thinke the Ship had beene beaten all to pie- 
 ces. Indeed we did hourely ftrike fuch vnauoidable blowes, 
 that we did leaue the hatches open, and 20. times in a day , 
 the men would runne downe into the hold, to fee if Ihee 
 were bulged. 
 
 Sometimes, when we had made her (aft in the night, to 
 a great piece of Ice ; we fhould hauc fuch violent ftormes , 
 that our faftning would breake : and then the ftorme would 
 beate vs from piece to piece moft fearcfully : Other-while , 
 we fhould be fall indofed amongft great Ice , as high as our 
 poope. This was made f as I haue formerly faid ) by one 
 piece running vpon another : which made it draw 8. or 1 o. 
 fad. water. Befides which, the lower-moft would rife from 
 vnderneath, and ftrike vsvndcr the bulge, with pieces of 
 5 . 6. yea of 8. tunne, that many times we haue pumpt deere 
 water for an houre together , before we could make the 
 pumpe fucke. Amongft thefe feuerall and hourely dangers, 
 I ouer-heard the men murmure; and fay that they were happy 
 that I had buried ; and that if they had athouland pounds, 
 they would giue it , fo they lay fairely by them : for we (fay 
 they) aredeftined to ftarue vpon a piece of Ice. I wasfaine 
 to indure all this with patience : and to comfort them vp 
 againe, when I had them in a better humour. 
 
 %i. The 2a. hauing beene vext with a ftorme all laft night,and 
 this morning u ith a thicke fogge ; we drouc in 1 3. faddome 
 water- About noone, it cleer’d; and we faw the land : and at 
 the inftant, had a good obferuation : whereby we knew it 
 to be Cafe Henrietta Maria , I made the Mafter ftand in with 
 it ; and in the meane time we fitted a Crofle, and fattened the 
 Kings Armes , and the Armes of the City of Briftoll to it; 
 we came to an Anker within a mile of the fhoare, in 6 . fadd. 
 water : lo wc hoyft out the boatc, and tooke our Armes and 
 our Dogs, and wentafhoare. Vpon the moft eminent place, 
 we created the Crofle: and then leeking. about , we foone 
 
 faw 
 
Our difcouery And camming home. 
 
 faw Tome Deere ; and by and by more and more. We dole 
 to them with thebeft skill we had , and then put our Dogs 
 on them : but the Deere ranne clecre away from them at plea- 
 fure. We tyred the Dogs, and wearied our fclues, but to 
 nopurpofe: neither could we come to fhoote at them. I 
 faw in all, about a dozen (old and young,) very goodly beads. 
 W e tooke halfe a doozen young Geefe , on the pooles , by 
 wading in to them ; and fo returned to our Boate vext, that 
 now we had found a place where there was refreshing , and 
 we could get none of it. Whereas, therefore, we had kept 
 our Dogs with a great deale of inconuenience aboord the 
 Ship, all the winter; and had pardoned them many mifde- 
 meanors/for they would ftealc our meate out of the fteeping 
 tubs,) in hope they might hereafter doe vs fomeferuice: and 
 feeing they now did not; and that there was no hope they 
 could hereafter: Icaufedthemtobeleftalhoarc. They were 
 a Dogge and a Bitch : Bucke Dogs , of a very good race. 
 The Dogge had a collar about hisnccke, which it may be 
 hereafter, may come to light, I did fee no figne at all, of any 
 Saluages: nor could we finde any hearbs, or other refrefh- 
 ing here. 
 
 In the Euening, (being returned aboord) and the winde 
 blowing faire at South ; I caufed the Mafter to weigh , and 
 come to faile , and to Iofe no time. For we did hope for an 
 open Sea to the North-weft. This Cape hath a very lhoald 
 point , that lies off it : which we indeauoured to compaffc 
 about. 
 
 Sayling therefore amongft fhattered Ice , we came to very 
 fhoald water, (4. and 5. faddomc deepe)and could notauoyde 
 it. At length, (landing Noi th, the water deepened ; but we 
 -came withall amongft great pieces of Icc; which by reafon 
 of fome open water, there went a pretty fea. Thefe hard 
 pieces of Ice , made a moft fearefull noyfe. It proued a faire 
 Moone-fhine night : other wife it had gone ill with vs. We 
 turned amongft this Ice, (laying the Ship lometimcs within 
 her length, of great pieces, as bad asRockes: butbyreafon 
 we were often forft to beare vp , we did fagge vpon the 
 
 M 3 maine 
 
Our difcouery And comm 'tng fan%e. ' ^ 
 
 maine rand of Ice , and that we thought would it be worfe 
 for vs; wee let fall an Anker , and flood all on the decks to 
 watch the Ices fheering of the Ship, (toandagaine ) toa- 
 uoyd it. Thus hauing poles and oares to fend it, we could not 
 keepe our felucs foclecre, but many pieces came foulcof vs. 
 W c brake two of our great poles with it : which were made 
 to be handled by foure men,befides fomc other dammages. At 
 breake of day, we wayed ; and foughtjall wayes to clcere our 
 felues of Ice : but it was impoffible. I conceiue it imperti- 
 nent to relate euery particular dayes paffages ; which was 
 much alike to vs. Our endeaucurs were fometimes with our 
 fayles; giuing and receiuing 500. fearefull blowes in a day. 
 Sometimes, we would flop at an Anker, when we could get 
 a little open water : and fo fuffer the Ice to driue to Leeward : 
 Other-whiles, we fhould be indofed amongft it ; and then it 
 would fo breake, and rife, and leape vp vnder vs ; that we ex- 
 pe&ed to be beaten euery houre to pieces. 
 
 Morcouer , wee fhould haue fuch flormes in the darke 
 nights, that would breake the moorings we had made faft to 
 fome piece of Ice for fecuritic in the night feafon : and then 
 we fhould beat moft dangeroufly from piece to piecetill day- 
 light, that we could fee to make her faftagaine. Iforbeare 
 to fpeakeof thicke fogges which we had daily ; which did 
 freeze our Rigging day and night : Befides all which , wee 
 fhould come into moft vneertaine depths: fometimes to. 
 faddome : next caft 1 o. next 1 5 . then 9. Rocky foreground. 
 The great deepe Ice withall, driuing on thefe vneertaine 
 depths, didfodiftrafl the tydes, and deceiue vs fo much in 
 our accounts , that by the thirtieth we were driuen backe fb 
 farre, to the Eaftward , andto the Southward of the Cape; 
 that at fiue a clocks in the euening , it bare North- weft of vs 
 fome three leagues off, contrary to our expeffations. With 
 all thefe mil'chiefes , our Ship is now becomne very leaky ; 
 that we mull pumpe euery halfe watch. Here I called a con- 
 fultation : and after confederation of all our experience, we 
 were all of the fame opinion ; that it was impoffible to get to 
 the Northward, or to the Eaftward ; by reafon of the Ice. 
 
 Where- 
 
9 5 
 
 Our'difcouery and camming home. 
 
 Wherefore I refolued vpon this courfc : When the winde 
 blew South, it would blow the Ice off the South fhoare.then 
 we would feeke to get to the Weft ward , betwixt it and the 
 fhoare. I muft confeffe that this was a defperate refolution •• 
 for all the coaft we knew to be fhoald and foule ground, all 
 rocks, and ftones : fo that if the winde ftiould drift to the 
 Northward, there would be ( without Gods mercies ) little 
 hope of vs. But here we muft not ftay : The nights grew 
 long ; the cold fo increafed , that betwixt the pieces of Ice, 
 the Sea would be frozen, I caufed the Ship to be fitted, and 
 places conuenient againe prepared to finke her the fecond 
 time , if fo be we were put to extremities. We prcfently put 
 our proiett in execution ( the winde being at South ) and got 
 about the fhoalds of the Cape ; ftanding then into the fhoare- 
 ward, to get betwixt it and the Ice : we came into foure fad- 
 dome water ( very foule rocky ground ) thinking to come 
 to an Anker all night , and let the Ice driue to Leeward. But 
 ftill there was fo much Ice betwixt vs and the fhoare , that 
 we were faine to bearc vp amongft it into deeper water, and 
 to let the Ship driue amongft it. The winde increafing, we en- 
 dured a moft dangerous aarkc night of it. In the morning, 
 we fell to workc , to get the Ship againe out of the Ice into 
 fomc decre water, which we faw Weft by South of vs. 
 Some of our company out vpon the Ice, toheaue her with 
 their fhoulders : whileft others flood aboord with poles. 
 The reft flood to fpill and fill the fayle. By nine in the mor- 
 ning, we had gotten into fome deere water : and flood W eft 
 and by South ; and into foure faddome water, foule ground. 
 But being not able to weather fome rands of Ice, which did 
 driue ; wee were faine to ftand off againe, and (when the 
 euening grew darke ) to come to an Anker. 
 
 About midnight, there came a great piece of Ice, ( which 
 we could not auoyd ) athwart of our Cable ; and made the 
 Ship driue and dragge her Anker. This droue her into (hoald 
 water, it being very rocky and foule ground. We brought 
 the Cable to Capftang, and heau’d with fucha courage, that 
 we heaud home our Anker from vnder it. Thus we did 
 
Our difcouery And comminghome. 
 
 endeauour (the beft we could ) to keep our felues in eightand 
 ten faddome water. It then pleafed God, that the wind blew 
 alongft the fhoare : otherwise it had gone far worfe with vs. 
 
 zAugufi. 1632. 
 
 The firft of this moneth atbreake of day, when we could 
 iee a little about vs , we fell to ftrugglc and flriue againe with 
 the Tee ; and to get in neerer to the fhoare. There, by reafon 
 the winde was oppofite to come to an Anker, we let the Ice 
 driue to Leeward : hoping that there was a deerc Sea to die 
 W eftu-ard. The Ice drouc very thickc vpon vs, and one piece 
 came foule of vs; which did touch our Sprcet-fayle Yard, 
 and made the Ship driue : But we foone cleered our felues of 
 it. Then we wayed , and flood in neerer to the fhoare : but 
 the water fhoalded, and there were fo many great rands of Ice 
 betwixt vs and the fhoare , that there was no comming to an 
 Anker. So wee turned betwixt the Ice: many pieces of it 
 being aground in fhoald water ; and few pieces diflant one 
 from the other a Cables length. This day, wefaw two Sea 
 Morfes on the Ice. 
 
 Thefecondin the morning, we were glad of the breake 
 of day : hatiing mofl dangeroufly turn’d amongft the Ice all 
 night, and endured many a heauy blow We flood in againe to 
 the fhoare-ward; to fee if we could get foiuc cleere water : 
 for to the Northward it was all impaffable Ice. We flood 
 into fine aad foure faddome : but flill all incompafl with Ice. 
 So we flood off againe into deeper water: andintheEuc- 
 ning we wereinclofed amongfl extraordinary great pieces. 
 It was a very thicke fogge withall : fo that we made fail the 
 Ship to a great flat piece , and went to fleepe and refrefh our 
 lclues after our extreme paincs taking. 
 
 The third, fourth and fift, wee were inclof’d amongft 
 very great Ice .♦ and it blew fuch a flormc of winde, that we 
 fometunes mdeuouring to get forward to the Weft ward 
 did ftnke fuch heauy blowes, that made all the forepart of 
 the Ship crackc againe. Then vve would giue ouer working 
 
 and 
 
Our difcouery and comming homt. 
 
 and let her alone amongft it ; but then the Ice would bvcalce 
 and rife vndcr vs,that would indanger as bad vs as the former. 
 Our foip doth makeaboueatun of water euery watch, which 
 we muftpumpc out, bcfide our other labour. Godthinke ort 
 vs,and be mercifull to vs amongft all thefc dangers. 
 
 The fift at noone, we were in Latitude 55.3 o. The Cape 
 bearing off vs South-Eaft, by Eaft, fbme twclue leagues off. 
 And this is all we haue gotten, finccthetwoand twentieth 
 of Iuly. All night it blew a violent gale of wind, at Weft, 
 North- Weft: and about midnight, our hawfer (by which 
 we had made faft to a piece of Ice ) broke , and we loft 14. 
 faddomeofit. We beat all night moftfearefully, being toft 
 from piece to piece, becaufcthatinthe darke we durft not 
 venture our men to goe forth on the Ice, for fcare of lofing 
 them. 
 
 All the fixth, the ftorme indured, and droue vs againe with 
 the Ice, almoft to the £?<*/><?. 
 
 The feuenth was the moft comfortableft day wee had, 
 fincewe came out of our wintering place; the wind came 
 vp fiire at Eaft ; and we got ( although with our former in- 
 conueniences and dangers ) neerer to the fhoare, and into 
 Lome open water, making good way to the Weft-ward. 
 Moreouer, ourleakenowftopt of its owne accord: fo that 
 now we pumpt but little. We fay Id all night; keeping good 
 watch on the forecaftell : bearing vp for one, and loofiing 
 for another. 
 
 Thusdid we the eighth alfo, but then the wind fluffing 
 to the North-weft, it droue the Ice on the ftioare: and 
 We came to an Anker, in eight faddom water. The maine 
 Ice, we had fometwo mile to windward of vs: but the 
 let of thetyde kept it off from vs. At noone we were in 
 Latitude 55*34. In the Euening, a range of Ice droue vp- 
 on vs, which made vs weigh, and ftand in neerer the 
 Ihoare, into fixe faddom, and there to come to an Anker. 
 The. wind increafingabout midnight, the Ship did driue, and 
 wasquickely in fiue faddom water: wherefore wee let fall 
 our Shoot- Anker : and both held her. But that that trou- 
 
 N bled 
 
98 
 
 9 ' 
 
 I©. 
 
 Oar difcotttry And committg home. 
 
 bled vs, was, that we expeffed cucry minute, when the maine 
 Ice would come vpon vs : and then there would be no hope, 
 but to he put afhoare. 
 
 The ninth, in the morning, we waide our fecond Anker : 
 the Ice being within leffe then a mile of vs. About eight in 
 the morning, a point of it came foule of vs : which we pre- 
 uentedjbv waying, and came to an Anker in three faddom 
 and i halfc water. The wind continued North North-Welt, 
 which was in on the fhoare. This morning, I caufedall our 
 empty Caske to be fild with water, and the Ship to be left 
 vnpumpt': and the places lookt to, that we had prepared to 
 finkeher. For we were at prefent in as apparent danger, as 
 anytime this voyage: and (to our great griefes) it was all 
 foule rocky ground. The danger of this was, if we made 
 fall to a piece of Ice that drew deepe water; then, asfoone 
 as it came to ground on thefe rockes, it would breakc all to 
 pieces, and betray vs to our deftru&ion. About noone, there 
 came foule of vs the point of a range of Ice ; which we re- 
 folucd to indure the extremity of, with an Anker : thinking 
 to ride, andbreake through it , we now perceiuing fomc o- 
 pen water beyond it. Thrufting therefore, and fending with 
 our poles; at laft a great piece came thwart our hawfer, and 
 there went a pretty Sea amongft it. The Ship did now fall 
 vpon it fo violently, that I expefted cucry blow, fire would 
 beate out her bo wes. At length, fhe did driue with it, fo that 
 I thought the Cable had bin broken. W e brought it to Cap- 
 ftangtoheaueitin : but found that our Shootc-Ankerwas 
 broken in the middle of the fhanke. We prefently fet oUr 
 fayles thereupon : indeuouring that way to edge in amengft 
 the Ice off of this perilous fhoare. It pleated God to fauour 
 our labour fo, that by eight in the Eucning Wee got off into 
 feuen faddom : and a darkc night comming on, we made fall 
 to the biggeft piece we could find. It blew fairely all night : 
 but about midnight, the wind came vp at North, which was 
 more on the fhoare then before. Bv breake of day, on the 
 tenth, we were driuen into foure faddom, very foule ground ; 
 fb that the lead did fall off the rocks three or foure foote. 
 
Our difceuery and camming home. 
 
 wefetourfeiles, andvfed our vttermoft indeuours to edge 
 off- Some of vs went vpon the Ice to hale her: others flood 
 with poles to thru ft hy night. At night we had gotten off, 
 into eight faddom : and made faft to the biggeft piece we* 
 could find. If any man fliould aske why wc now kept fo 
 ncere to the fhoare, in this continaall danger: Ianfwcr; Be- 
 caufethat in the offing, the Ice was fo extraordinary thicke, 
 that wc could make no way, any way through it. Moreouer, 
 when we were in that great thicke Ice, and that the windc 
 came vpfaircatSouthorSouth-Eaftor Eaft, we could not 
 get out of it. Wherefore we chofe to runne thisaduenturc ; 
 and fo preuent and ouercome all dangers with Gods alliftaucc 
 and our extreme labour. 
 
 The cleuenth in the morning was a thicke fog: yet there n. 
 fprungvpagale of wind at Eaft : and we made in for the 
 fhoare. 
 
 From the elcuenth till the foureteenth, the winde conti- 
 nued faire : and wc made all the faile wc could (night and day) 
 as the Ice would fuffer vs. We had the fhoare in fight by 
 day, on one fide, and the Ice within two miles, on thco- 
 ther: and wcfaildamongftdifperft pieces; luffing for one, 
 and bearing vp for another. 
 
 The 1 4. at noone,we were in Latitude 57. 55. In the Eue- 1 4* 
 ning, wc were imbayed in Ice ; and flood S. W. to cleere our 
 feluesof it, but could not. But feeing from top-maft head, 
 dccrc water ouer it , we put into it : but there rofe a very 
 thicke fogge, and night came on withall,that we were faine t® . 
 faft to a piece of Ice, cxpe&ing day and better weather. 
 
 The 1 5 . in the morning , ( although the fogge was very 
 thicke) we indeauoured to get out of the Ice , and flood a- 
 way Weft : but within 2. hourcs the water fhoaldcd from 
 40. faddome to 25 . whereby we knew that we had the fhoat- 
 ding of the Weftem-fhoare. Then we fhapte our courfe to 
 the Northward; the fogge continuing fo thicke , that we 
 could not fee a Piftoll-fhot about vs. We had not flood 
 this way 2 . houres , but we heard the rut of the Ice a-head of 
 vs , which made the moft hideous noyfc, of any wc had 
 
 Ni heard 
 
wo Oar difcBtiery and comming home. 
 
 heard this voyage. We hal’d oar tackes aboord, and flood 
 to the Weft-ward, in this day darknefie: hearing of it fbme- 
 timcs, and fomctimes feeing of it : which was very large, 
 deepe, and high Ice , aboue the water. We weathered it all , 
 except fome few pieces, and got into open water. About 
 Sunne-fet, there came a fudden gud at N. N. W. and before 
 we could handle our fayles, it was with vs, and put vs to 
 fome trouble. Tt dallied with vs by gufts, till p. a clocke : and 
 then it fell into a mod violent ftorme. W e confidered where 
 we might haue the cleereft drift: andfotookeinall, and let 
 herdriue, her head to the ftioare-ward. Before mid-night, 
 the water fhoalded on vs , to 1 5 . fadd. Then we turned her 
 head to the Eaft ward : and fct our maine Courfe low fet, but 
 as much as {he could indure. The water dccpned but little ; 
 and we knew that we were on thofe rockic fhoalds, which 
 we flrooke on the lad yeere. God be mercifull to vs. Here 
 was the firft great breaking Sea that we had this yeere. 
 
 1 6 , The 1 6 . in the morning , we were driuen to a great Rand 
 
 of Ice ; to avoyde which , we let our fore-courfe too : and 
 dood to the fhoarc-ward , in 13. fad. water i and then about 
 againe. We dood in, a mile into the Ice : but there went fuch 
 a great 1 fu elling Sea in it , that it was not indurable : fo we 
 dood out againe. About 3. a clocke in the afternoone, the 
 ftorme broke vp ; and blew fairc at N. W. which prooued 
 good for vs : for wc had not drift for 4. houres : Befides, 
 it was but * • leagues betwixt the lhoalds and the Ice. We fet 
 all our fayles, and indeauoured to weather the Ice : but in the 
 Euening we were dill pedered with it. By mid-night, wc 
 knew not which way to turne; nor what to doe: fowe 
 tooke in alt our fayles, and let her driue amongd it. The Ice 
 beat vs on cuery fide: for there went amongd it a very 
 great full Sea. ^ 
 
 The 1 7. in the morning, when we could fee about v s ; we 
 were inthemidded of the Ice : but with the lad dorme it 
 was all broken into mammocks, asbigasaboateof 3. or 4. 
 Tunnes , which did giue vs many a heauy blow in the darke 
 night. If this ftorme had taken vs amongft it , it had beaten 
 
 vs 
 
102 
 
 Our iifcouery and camming home. 
 
 vs all to pieces , without Gods miraculous preferuation. We 
 made fayle , and indeauoured to deere our felues of it to the 
 North-ward, which by 8. in the morning, we had done. 
 
 We then went to prayer, andgaue God hearty thankes, 
 that had deliuered vs out of it. For we were hourely, for the 
 fpace of fixe wcekes , as it were in the Iawes of death : yea 
 neuer any (that I haue heard of) haue beene fo long , in fuch 
 long nights, vpon a fonlc flioald flioare, tormented with Ice, 
 as wc haue now beene. At noone we were in Latitude 
 58. 20. 
 
 Now as touching the diflfolution or mining of the Ice; we 
 found that this ftorme had tome and fhattered this Rande 
 of Ice, which was on the outfide : although itmuft haue a 
 long time , to worke into the maine body of it. I haue in 
 /#/y,and in the beginning of Auguft , taken fomeof the Ice 
 into the Ship;, and cutitfquarc, 2.foote, and put it into 
 the boate , where the Sunne did fhinc on it with a very ftrong 
 reflexe about it. And notwithftanding the warmth of the 
 Ship : (for wc kept a good fire) and all our breathings , and 
 motions ; it would not melt, in 8. or 10. dayes. 
 
 It was our practice when wc fhould be two dayes toge- 
 ther faft to a piece of Ice , to fet markes on it , to fee how 
 it did confume : but it yceldcd vs fmall hope of diffoluing. 
 
 We could not in that time, perceiue any diminution by the 
 finking of it or otherwife. Neucrthelefle , I thinke that 
 it is mined with ftormes , or confumed with heate fbmc 
 yeeres : or elfe the Ray would be fild choke-full : But I 
 confefle , that thefe fecrets of nature are paft my apprc- 
 henfion. 
 
 Being out of it (but no other waies then that wc yet law 
 it from off the deckes, all to the Eaft ward) I ordered the Ma- 
 iler to fterc away North and by Eail , keeping the fhoalding 
 of theWefter-ihoare. 
 
 The 1 8. at noone, we were in Latitude 59.30. 18. 
 
 The 1 9. we continued our courfe betwixt the N.N.E. and 1 jj, 
 
 the N. by E. and at noone were in Lat. 61.7. fomc 1 2. 
 leagues off the flioare. I ordered the Mailer , to fhape his 
 
 N 3 courfe 
 
Our difcouery and comming home. 
 
 courfe North-Eaft, to looke to that place betwixt Caries 
 Nevltra. 
 
 The 20. we were in Latitude 61. 45. This day we law 
 fomc few Seales about the Ship. 
 
 The one and twentieth the water fhoalded ; To that we 
 made account we did approach the land : but about rioone , 
 the wind came vp at N.E. our direftoppofite. W e looft as 
 neere it as we could, and as it larg’d, we came to hand Eaft, 
 and Eaft and by North. 
 
 The two and twentieth , we fell with the land to the 
 Weft-ward of Caries Swans-rtejl : Where we had forty 
 faddome, three leagues off. We flood in, within a league 
 of the fhoare , into thirteene faddome : and feeing the land 
 to the South- ward of vs , we compaft about it : it be- 
 ing Caries Swans-nejl : which is in Latitude 5 a. degr. 
 00. Minutes. 
 
 All the 23. we fayled North-Eaft ; and for the moil part 
 in fight of land. 
 
 Thcfourcand twentieth at tioone, (by Iudgement) we 
 were in Latitude 63.30. hauing fayld a North-Eaft courfe. 
 All this day was a very thickc fog ; which about one a 
 clocke,clcerd a little : fb that I expeefted to fee the land. Some 
 of our men being better lighted, fpyed it out about fome two 
 leagues off from vs. I knew it could be no other then Not- 
 tingham Hand though it were fomething contrary to the 
 expectation of our beft Marriners. W e flood into it to make 
 it. It was the North end of it : and it bare off vs, due Eaft. 
 I was fbone aflured of it ; and I ordered the Mailer to fhape 
 his courfe North-W eft, and by North. Both he and others 
 wercvnwilling: but without much adoe, fubmitted them- 
 felues: (how loth fo euer)for that it was fo very foule thickc 
 weather. The reafons of my refolution werethefe : The 
 time of the yeerewas farfpent; andthedifcommbditicsof 
 Winter came vpon vs : and therefore would I make the fhor- 
 teftway, betwixt the lands already difeouered. If I found an 
 open Sea, I had my defire, and did then intend to proceed to 
 the vttermoff of our power: if we met with the land, I 
 
 fhould 
 
Our difcouery and camming home. ■ — ' 103 
 
 Aould then finifh the difcouery : it being not paffing fifteenc 
 leagues from land to land, and not paffing tenne leagues from 
 Nottingham Hand, to themaineof the North fhoare. We 
 made what fayle we could; it blowing a very ftiflfe gale of 
 wind vntill eight in the Euening; then it began to blow 
 fiercely : and we tooke in our topfayles, and ftood vnder 
 our two courfes and Bonnets. At nine , it blew a violent 
 ftorme at South, South-Eaft, fo that we tooke in our fore- 
 faile, and let her driue North-Weft. All the night it conti- 
 nued an extraordinary ftorme ; fo that we heaued the Leade, 
 euerybalfe watch; But the Ship did driue fo fa ft, that lire 
 would be paft the Leade, before there was twenty faddom 
 of line out, all the night being exceeding cold withall. 
 
 The fiuc and twentieth, the ftorme continued in his vtter- a y . 
 
 moft malice, and did fo perplexe vs, that there were but few 
 that did fleepe or eate a bit thefe twenty fourc houres. A- 
 boiit fixe a clocke in the affernoone, the Stormc began to 
 flakentyet blew there a fierce gale of wind betwixt the South 
 and South-Weft. We ftood Weft, North-Weft, and made 
 a North-Weft way , when fuddenly the Sea became very 
 fmooth. We reafoned thereupon amongft our fellies, what 
 might be the caufe of it. VV e all thought it, to be the Lee- 
 ward tyde; nothing doubting what afterwards we encoun- 
 tered. The Ship had very quicke way in this fmooth water. 
 
 The fixe and twentieth, by two a clocke in the morning, 
 we were fuddenly come in amongft the Ice: and it plealed 
 God, that the Moone at the inftant gaue vs fo much light, that 
 we could (ee a little about vs. W e would haue ftaid the Ship, 
 but it was fo thicke to wind- ward, and foneere vs, that wc 
 durft not. Wee then bore vp in this vnexpetfed accident ; 
 and ( I verily bcleeue ) did not leaps ftriking, the length 
 of a foote, againft the fee as hard as rockes, two or three 
 times : the Shippe now hauing way , after twdue leagues 
 a watch. Then wee ftood clofe by a wind to the Eaft ward; 
 expeding day, that wee might lee about vs. Wce eouW 
 from top-matt head fee the Ice to the North North-Weft, 
 the North-weft, and fo round about by the South, to the bait. 
 
104 Our difcouery and camming home. 
 
 and Tome there was to Leeward of vs. It was all flat found 
 Ice, in mainc rands : and the Sea as fmooth as a well amongft 
 it. This ftrooke vs all into a dumpe: whereupon I called a 
 confutation of my Alfociates : namely, t Arthur Price, Ma- 
 iler : William Clements , Lieutenant ; Iohn whittered, Ma- 
 ilers Mate ; Nathaniel 'Bilfon, Chirurgion ; and John Palmer , 
 Boatefwayne : requiring them to aduife and counfell mee, 
 how to profccute our bufinefle to effort. Thefe all went to- 
 gether, and reafoned amongft themfelues j and then brought 
 me their opinions in writing, vnder their hands : 
 
 Videlicet, Our aduice is, that you repaire homevvard,from 
 this prefent twentie fixth : and that for thefe reafons. Firft, 
 for that the nights are long and fo extreme cold withall ; that 
 weean hardly handle our faylcs, and riggings. Secondly, the 
 times are now fubiert to ftormy and gully weather : as wit- 
 nefleth the prefent feafon : it hauing continued a ftorme euer 
 fince the twentie fourth, and doth yet continue, no weather 
 to difeouer in. Thirdly, we doubt whether Hudfons Strairhts 
 be fo cleere of Ice, that it may be paflable in conucnicnt time; 
 ( winter comming now on apace ) before we be frozen vp • 
 feeing the Ice lyes here all ouer the Sea in rands and ranges! 
 Fourthly, weemufthaueafetof faire weather, topaflethe 
 Straightjwhich we may Hay along time;for,if wcneglert the 
 foil opportunity .Fiftly, for that our Ship is very Ieakv,f 0 that 
 xn foule Weather we are fainc to pumpe eucry glafle : which 
 is great labour. Mo . eouer, we know her to be fo forely hrui- 
 fed With rocks, andblowesof the Ice* that Ihee is no more 
 to be aduentur’d amongft it, but in fauing of our liues home- 
 wards. Befides all thi»,our men grow very wcake and fickly, 
 with extreme labour. 
 
 Sixthly, the fcafouof theyeere is fofarre fpcnt,thatwc 
 can expert: no other weather, then we haue had ; both lately 
 and at prefent : That is to lay, {how and fogge j freezing our 
 rigging, and making eueiy thing fo flippery, thatamancan 
 icarce Hand : And all this, with the winde Southerly ; which 
 if it Ihould come to die Northward j then we are to expert 
 fine worfe. Seuenthly and Ia%,that the Ice lyes all in thicke 
 
 rands 
 
Our difcouery and camming home. 
 
 rands and ranges , in the very way we Ihould goe : as yon 
 and all men here may fee. And therefore wee conclude , as a- 
 forefaid ; That there is no poflibilitie of proceeding further : 
 wherefore we here counfell you to rctarne homeward : ho- 
 ping that God will giue vs a fauourable paflage , and returne 
 vs home fafe into our natine countreys : If we take time,and 
 not tempt him too fa< re, by our wilfulneffe. 
 
 Indeed mod of thefe reafons were in view ; and I could 
 not tell what to lay to oppofe them : no nor any reafon could 
 I giue, how we might proceed further : wherefore ( with a 
 forrowfull heart, God knowes) Iconfentcd, that the helme 
 Ihould bee borne vp, and a courfe ftiapte for England: 
 well hoping, that his Maieftie would gracioufly cenliireof 
 my endeauours, and pardon my returne. And although wee 
 haue not difeouered populous kingdomes , and taken fpeciall 
 notice of their Magnificence, power, and policies, brought 
 famples home of their riches and commodities .* pryed into 
 the myfteries of their trades, and traffique fnor made any 
 great fight againft the enemies of God and our Nation : yet 
 I wifh our willingneffein thefe delart parts may be acceptable 
 to our Readers. When we bore vp Helme, we were in lati- 
 tude^. jo.atleaft ; North- weft and by North, from Not- 
 tingham Hand. Some were of an opinion, that we were fur- 
 ther to the Northward : but by reafon it was by Iudgemenr, 
 I chofe to fet downe the leffer diftance. 
 
 1 he twentie feuenth , the winde came vp at North-weft : 
 with which winde we could not haue gone on our defigne. 
 That winde made no ;;reat fwelling Sea. By noonc, we were 
 athwart of Cape Charles : lb that we went in betwixt that 
 Cape, and Mill Hands. The laft night it did (now very much; 
 & was very cokhfo that all our rigging &laylcs were frozen, 
 and all the land coucred oucr with liio w. And here,(fithencc I 
 haue formerly fpoken that it fnowes very much ) it will not 
 be amilfe to confider of the reafons of it. When I was vpon 
 Char let on Hand, (our wintering place ) and in lane , when 
 the fnow was cleerelieft gone off the gtouod ; I haue in the 
 
 O nights. 
 
 iOf 
 
! o 6 Our difcouery and camming home. 
 
 nights, (& fomc of them following the hotteft dayes) obfer- 
 ued, whether there fell any dew or no : but I could neuer per- 
 ceiue any,& (vnder corredion of the learned)from moffe and 
 fand, little ( mee thoughts ) was to be expected. Now, of 
 what was exhald from the fnowy Ice , and cold Sea ; could 
 there probably be returned but the like againe. Generally, we 
 continued on our courfe , blinded with foggie and durtie 
 weather; and that, intermixt with fnow, and froft; a- 
 mongft dilperft pieces of Ice : many of them higher then 
 our Top-mafthcad. 
 
 With great varietie of winds, we were alfo driuen with- 
 in three leagues of both fhoares : fo that the laft of this 
 moneth , we were in the narrow of the Straight : which 
 is about fifteene leagues ouer: the South fhoarc was much 
 peftred with Icc. 
 
 September. 1632. 
 
 1 . & 2. The fir ft, and fecond,we continued our endcuour to get on 
 
 our way. The third in the euening, as the weather clecred 
 vp ; we did fee the South end of the Hand, of Reflation. 
 j,' Thefe three dayes and nights had becne extreme cold, 
 
 withfogge and froft : infomuch that our men in the euening, 
 could hardly take in our Top-fayles and Spreet-fayle. Wc 
 haue fayled thorow much mountainous Ice; farre higher then 
 ourTop-maft head. But this day we fayled by the higheft 
 that I euer yet faw : which was incredible, indeed, to be re- 
 lated. Now as the winde comes Eaftcrly, wee fcele another 
 Sea , out of the Ocean , and the Ship labours with another 
 motion , then fhe hath done with any that euer we obferued, 
 to come out of the Weft ward. 
 
 8 . From the third to the eighth, we had varietic of winds ; 
 
 and were gotten cleere out of the Straights: but were now 
 comne into fuch a tumbling Sea , ( the weather durtie and 
 guftie,atidby interims calme againe J that the Ship did fo la- 
 bour, and rowle, that wee thought verily fhee would haue 
 
 fowled 
 
Our difcou&y and camming home. 
 
 rowlcd her Marts by the boord. This made her fo leaky, that 
 wewerefaine topumpe euery glafle: yea, herfeames did 
 To open aloft , that we lay all wet in her. 
 
 This was the laft day tharwee faw any Ice Thewinde 
 now fauouring vs ; we made all the haftc we could home- 
 ward. By the way, ( bailing endeauoured, obferued, and ex- 
 perimented fome things in my vnfortunate voyage ) I perfe- 
 cted vp my faid obferuations : which being after commanded 
 to publifh ; I here moft fubmifiely offer vnto the Iudicious 
 Readers : and raine our priuatc opinion withall, concerning 
 the faifeablenefle of the ACtion intended; which was to finde 
 a paflage into the South Sea. 
 
 What hath becne long agoe fabled by fome Pormgales, 
 that fhould haue comnethis way out of the South Sea : the 
 mcere rtiaddowes of whofemiftaken Relations hauecomne 
 to vs : I leaue to be confuted by their owne vanitie. Thefc 
 hopes haue ftirred vp from time to time, the more artiue 
 fpirits of this our Kingdome, to rcfcarch that mecrely ima- 
 ginary paflage. For mine owne part, I giue no credit to them 
 at all; and as little to the vicious , and abufiue wits of later 
 "Portingals and Spaniards : who neuer fpeake of any difficul- 
 ties : as fhoald water. Ice, nor fight of land : but as if they 
 had becne brought home in a dreame or engine. And indeed 
 their difeourfes are found abftird : and the plots, (by which 
 fome of them haue praftifed todeceiue the world) meere 
 falfities : making Sea where there is knowne to be maine 
 land : and land, where is nothing but Sea. 
 
 Moft certaine it is, that by the onely induflry of our owne 
 Nation , thofe Northeme parts of America haue bcene dif- 
 conered , to the Latitude of 80. degrees, and vp wards. And 
 it hath beene fo curioufly done , ( the labours of feuerall 
 men being ioyned together ) that the maine land hath bcene 
 both feene and (earcht ; and they haue brought this luppofed 
 paflage to this pafle ; thatitmuftbe to the North, of fixty 
 fixe degrees of Latitude. AcoldClyme, peftered with Ice , 
 and other difeommodities , and where the Spaniards dlCpo*- 
 
 O s fttions, 
 
i o 8 Our difcouery and comming home. 
 
 fitions , and their weake Speeke Ships, can hardly long u). 
 dure it. And withall , it is thus knowne , that the entrance 
 of Hudfons Straights is but 1 5 . leagues broad: in the mid- 
 dle not fo much. And betwixt Salisbury Hand , and the maine; 
 that it is but 8. leagues. Then proceeding to the North wards, 
 towards the fore-mentioned Latitude: it is but 1 5. leagues 
 from mayne to mayne. This in length , is but about a hun- 
 dred and forty leagues •• as may mere plainely appeare by the 
 UWappe. Moft infinitely peifered withall it is with the Ice, 
 vntill e^uguji , and fome yeeres not paffable then : yea I be- 
 leeue the ftraight is neuer deere of fee thorowly. 
 
 Now moft probable it is , that there is no paffage : And 
 that forthefe reafons following. 
 
 Firft, that there is a conftant Tyde flood and ebbe,fetting 
 into Hudfons Straights : the flood ftill comming from the 
 Eaft-ward: which as itproceedes, ( correfpondent to the 
 diftance, ) it alters his time of full fea. This alfo entering 
 into Bayes , and broken ground , it becomes diftrafted, and 
 reuerfes with halfe tydes. 
 
 Secondly, here is no final! fifti ; as Cod, See. and very 
 few great ones , which arc rarely to be feene. Nor are there 
 any bones of Whales, Sea-horfes, or other great fifh , to be 
 found on the fhoare: nor any drift-wood. 
 
 Thiidly, that we found the Ice in the Latitude of 6 >. 50. 
 to be lying all ouer the fea in randes : and I am moft certain?, 
 that the fhoalds and Ihoald-Bayes are the mother of it. Had 
 there now beene any Ocean beyond it , it would haue beene 
 broke all to pieces : for fo we found it comming thorow the 
 Straight into the Sea, to the Eaftward. 
 
 Fourthly, the Ice feekes his way to the Eaftwatd , and 
 fo driues out at Hudfons Straight: which I haue often obferued 
 being aland,, vpon the Hand of Refolution, and driuing amongft 
 the Ice in the Straight. 
 
 Now' admit there were a paffage , yet is it knowne, that 
 it is pirtly narrow , for a hundred and forty leagues , and to 
 be infinitely peftered withlee withalkas euery one haue found, 
 
 who 
 
Our difcouery andcomming home. 
 
 who haue gone that way. Comparing therefore fomeobfer- 
 uation taken at Bantam, Culolo , and at Firando in Japan: 
 and the diftance betwixt Japan and the Wefter-part of Cali- 
 fornia : with the obferuations taken at Charleton Hand, (re- 
 ferring all to the ^Meridian of London) and then the diftance 
 betwixt the iJMeridianr of Cape Charles , and the Wefter- 
 part of Calif, urnia, will be found to be about 500. leagues, 
 in the Latitude of 66. 00. where yet the ALeridians incline 
 very much together. 
 
 To this may be added , that nccre about Cape Charles, the 
 variation is 29. degrees to the Weft: which is a probable ar- 
 gument , that there is much land to the W eft ward and that 
 this ftraight muft be very long , and that you haue no time to 
 pafleitbutin Augufi and September : when the nights are 
 fo long, and the weather fo cold, that it will not bee 
 indurable. 
 
 Adde to this, That neither can any great Ships, which are 
 fit for carrying of Marchandize, indure the Ice, arid other dif- 
 commoditi s : without extraordinary danger. 
 
 Moreouer,a theufand leagues is fooner fayled to the South- 
 ward, and about the Cape de Bona Speranzaf where the winds 
 are conftant ) and that with fafety , then a hundred in thefe 
 feas, where you muft dayly runne the hazzard of Iofing 
 Ship and hues. Put hereunto , that comfort for the ficke, 
 or refrefliing for your men , here is none to be had in thefe 
 quarters. 
 
 Towards the latter end of a Augufi, and in September, the 
 weather growes tempeftuous, and the winds incline to be 
 Wefterly , that there will be but finall hope of performing 
 your voyage this way. 
 
 But let vs ( by way of imagination onely ) inlarge this 
 Straight , in this Latitude ; and free it of Ice : vet what ad- 
 uantage, in fpeedy performance , will be gotten by this pa(- 
 lage , if the winds be withall confidered ? To Japan, China, 
 and theNortherne parts of *AJia, itmaybetheneerer cut: 
 but in Nauigation , the fartheft way about , is wellknowne , 
 
 O 3 in 
 
110 
 
 Our dtfcouerj and camming home. 
 
 in Fewer dayes to be performed , yea with letter paines , and 
 more fafety of Ship and goods. 
 
 Againc; totheEaft Indies, and other parts , where we 
 bane the greateft Commerce and imployment of fhipping ; 
 the other w ay is as neere. What benefit of Trade might 
 haue beene obtained in thofe Northcrnc parts of Afia , I 
 will not prefume to fpeake of : holding that there is a great 
 difference betwixt thofe parts , and the Northerne parts of 
 America ■ whereas lam lure that there is none in any place 
 where I haue beene, all this voyage. 
 
 The two and twentieth of OUober , we arriued in the 
 Rode of Hriftoll : hauing beene hindered and croft with much 
 contrary tempeftuous windes and weather. The Ship being 
 brought into Harbour , and halde dry aground to looke to 
 her: it was there found; that all her Cut-water and Stemc 
 were tome and beaten away, together with fourtcenc foote 
 ofherKcele; much of her fireathing cut away : herbowes 
 broken and bruifed , and many timbers crackt within boord : 
 and vnder the Star-boord bulge , a fharpe Rockc had cut 
 thorow the fheathing , the planke , and an inch and a halfc 
 into a timber that it met withall. Many other defers there 
 were befides , fo that it was miraculous how this veffell 
 could bring vs home againe. Being all here arriued ; we went 
 all to Church, and gaue God thankes for his preferuation 
 of vs amidft fo many dangers. I very well know , that what 
 I haue here haftily written, will neucr difeourage any no- 
 ble fpirit, that is minded to bring this fo long tryed A- 
 (ftion to abfolntc efferft. And it is likely withall , that there 
 be forac , who haue a better vnderftanding , and a furer way 
 of profecuting of it , then my felfe haue. To whofe defignes 
 I wifh a happy fucceffe. And if they doe but make a reuiew 
 of what hath beene done , and giue more ccrtaine Ccelefliall 
 obfer nations yHydrografhicall deferiptions , or exaffer practice 
 in N animation: it will beamoft commendable labour. For 
 although 1 haue (pent fome yeeres of my ripeft age , in pro- 
 curing vaine intelligence from forraine Nations : and haue 
 
 trauailed 
 
Our difcoucry and comm mg home. 
 
 trauailed vnto diners Honourable and Learned perfonages of 
 thiskingdome, for their inftruflions ; haue bought vpwhat- 
 eucr I could find in print, or manufcript, and what plot or pa- 
 per foeuer conducing to this bufincfle , that poflibly I could 
 procure ; and haue ferued voluntary bcfides; and fpent fome 
 time in rcndring a relation (fincc my comming home) and 
 expended withall of my owne monies, in my forefaid indea- 
 uours , and in furnifhing of extraordinary neccflaries , aboue 
 two hundred pounds in ready money: yet I repent not my 
 fclfc, but take a great deale of comfort and ioy, in that 
 I am able to giue an account (in fome reafonable 
 way) of thofe parts of the world; which 
 heretofore I was notfo well 
 fatisfied in. 
 
 Ff HJ S. 
 
 
112 
 
 THE COPIE OF THE 
 
 Letter I left at Charleto^ 
 
 fattened to the Crotte the firtt of 
 Inly > 1632. 
 
 B E itknowne to any that (hall haply arriuehcre, on 
 this Hand of Char let on: That whereas our Soueraigne 
 Lord Char let the fir ft. King of England, Scotland, 
 Trance, and IrelandfDefender of the faith , See. hauing 
 a defire to be certified, whether there were any paflage, or 
 not, by the North-weft or Northweft ward , thorow theft; 
 Territories, into the South Sea : Some of the better-minded 
 Merchants, of the Worfhipfull Company of Merchant-ad- 
 uenturers of the Citie of Brifioll, to ftatisfie his Maieftie there- 
 in; did voluntarily offer tofet forth a conuenient Ship f or 
 that purpofc, well mail’d, viftualed , and furnifhed with all 
 other neccffaries. This fre^effer of theirs was not only com- 
 mended; but gracioufly accepted of his Maieftie. Where- 
 upon , they fitted and furnifhed foorth a Ship , called the 
 Henrietta Ad aria, of the burthen of feuentie Tuns, vichialed 
 for eighteene moncths. A number thought conuenient to 
 mannage fiich a bufinefle , was twentietwo, whereof nine- 
 teenewere choice able men, twoyonkers, and my vnwor- 
 thy felfe their Commander. AH which, the Brijfow Mer- 
 chants did moft iudicioufly and bountifully accommodate 
 and had in a readincffe,the firft of 1631. * 
 
 The third of May, we began our Voyage out of the Rode 
 of Brifoll; commonly called Kings Rode; rafting about the 
 Cape Cleere of Ireland, vpon many courfes, but reduced to a 
 Weft North-weft, we fayled along'- and vpon the 4. of Ime 
 wee made the land of Groynland to the Northward of Cape 
 Farewell; where for the fpace of two dayes, weweredan- 
 geroufly ingagde amongft the Ice. Being cleere of it, we dou- 
 bled Cape Farewell to the Southward , andfo continued our 
 
 courfc 
 
tourfe to the Weft ward; continually lay ling and thnifting the 
 Ship thorow much Ice. The 1 9. of Iuneysc made the Hand of 
 Re/olfitio.Sc endeuouring to copafle about it to the Southward, 
 we were taken with a ftrongWcfterly wind, which droue the 
 Ice, and it vs, vpon the fhoare. In that diftreffc, (feeing it was 
 broken grounds and maine inlets into it, ) I lent the Shallop to 
 feek & found a place, for our refugejbut when fhewas depar- 
 ted, (he was in as great danger as we : and could not rcturne to 
 vs,by reafon of the Ice. We being now driuen very neere the 
 rocks, were faine to fet our Sayles,and force the Ship into an o- 
 pening: aduentuving her anaongft vnknowne dangers, to auoyd 
 apparent;before we could moorc her in a place(as we thought) 
 lafe from danger. The 2 2.of 7 «»c(this Inlet being full of Ice,) 
 that Ice vponthe ebbe, lo Iambde one piece into another, that 
 it altred the ordinary ccurfe of it, & it came vpon the Ship, and 
 putheragainft the rocks: notwithftandingour vtmoft refi- 
 ftance. As the water ebd away ,the Ship hungby the Keelc vpon 
 a rocke;and heeld to the Offing. As foone as we pcrceiucd this, 
 we made fall fome Hawfers to her Marts, and to the rocks.to 
 hold her vpright. But all in vainejlhec lunke ftill, as the water 
 ebb’d away : fo that Ihe was fo turned ouer,that we could not 
 ftand in her. Hereupon, we got all vpon a piece of Ice, looking 
 vpon her,& praying God to be mercifull to vs.The rocke that 
 Ihe hung vpon,was a little abaft the maine Mart ; which made 
 her hang after the head : and Ihec funke ouer fo much,that the 
 Tortlajfe of the F&recafiell was in the water. At length, it plea- 
 fed God, the flood came ; before it had ebd fo low as the tyde 
 before and aftcr,by a fbote: and the Ship role, and was lafe and 
 (bund. And thus were wc miraculoufly deliuered- With the 
 fir ft winde,we proceeded to the W eft ward :continually being 
 peftred with fo much Ice, that it was about the middle of My, 
 before we could attaine to Sir D udlj D igges Hand. And here 
 I was put to my confideration : for whereas by my directi- 
 ons, I was to learch efpecially two places ; one from D igges 
 ILind to the Northward ; and fayling there, to goe to the 
 Checks and Huberts Hope , and fo to fearch it to the South- 
 
 p ward; 
 
1 14 
 
 ward ; I now finding the Sea ranch peftred with Ice in the 
 latitude of <54.00. and as farrcaswe could fee to the North- 
 ward ; and that the time was fo farre fpent , as that before I 
 could do any thing that way,it would be Ang.Sc then as much 
 trouble to returne againe to Diggej Hand : and that by that 
 time, the yeere would be fo farre fpent, the nights fo long and 
 cold; thatlfeardl foould be forced with fhame to returne 
 into England agame that yeere. Wherefore I tookemy way 
 to the Weft ward, by (-Mansfields Hand ; on which Handed 
 twice, Hill hindredand incumbred with Ice. Thence I procee- 
 ded to the Weft ward ; hoping for an open Sea in the Bay. 
 We were there more troubled with Ice, then in any place be- 
 fore : fo that it was the eleuenth day of Attgttft, before we 
 had fight of the W eftern land ; which we made in latitude 
 5 9. 30. fomethingto the Southwaidof the Che ekes. Wee 
 were not able to attainc thither, by reafonof the contrary 
 winds and Ice but were obferuant of the currant of the 
 tydes : which after, by experience, we found to come from 
 the Northward. W e coafted alongft the fhoare , in fight of 
 land ; and in 10. faddome water, to the Southward: and 
 entred that Inlett , which heretofore was called Huberts 
 Hope : which was the very place , where the pafiage foould 
 be, as it was thought by the vnderftandingeft andleamedeft 
 intelligencer of this bufinefie in England. We fay Id to the 
 very bottome of it, into three faddom water : and found it 
 to be a Bay of fome 18. or 19. leagues deepe. From thence 
 we proceeded to the Southward, in fight of land for the moft 
 part ; and although I was as carcfull to keepe the lead al waies 
 going (it blowing a frefh gale of winde, and a pretty bigge 
 Sea) our depth 8. p. 10. faddome: yet before the lead was 
 vp, the Ship ftrook vpon a flat rocke : ( foe then being vnder 
 forefayle, fore p>p-faylc, maine top-fayle, and Spreetfayle ) 
 and gaue three fore knocks , and got ouer it. Being paft this 
 danger, we proceeded , and paft by Port Nelfort. Finding the 
 land trend to the Eaftward , wee began our difcoucry of it 
 more carefully : becaufe that no man ( that euer I could heare 
 
 or 
 
or reade of ) did cucrfcc this land before. Wee ftood into 
 fixe and fiuc faddome : for it is very low land, and trends for 
 the molf part Eaft South-eaft, and Eaft by South. 
 
 The fenen and twentieth of iHugttft, I entred vpon it, and 
 in the name of the Merchants A duenturerg of BriftoU, tookc 
 poffcffion of it , to his Maiefties vfe; naming it. The New 
 South-weft Print ipa/itie ef Wales. I brought from the land, 
 fomefmall trees and herbs, and killed diuers forts of fowle ; 
 in figne of feyfure , which I brought aboord. Not long af- 
 ter, (being put backc to the W eftward with contrary winds) 
 wc fpake with Captaine Fox , in a Ship of his Maiefties, fet 
 forth for the fame purpofe that we were : I inuited him a- 
 boord, and entertained him with fuch fare, as we had taken in 
 this new difeoirered land : and made him relation of all our 
 endeauours : The like did he to vs, and withall told vs, that 
 hchadbeene in Port N elfin : where he had put vpa Shallop, 
 and found there many things which Sir Thomas Button had 
 left there. The next day, he departed from vs , and ftood to 
 the W eftward ; and we neuer faw him fince. His Ship, He, 
 and all his Company , were very well. W e continued our 
 difeouery to the Eaft ward, ana came to the Eafter point, 
 which is in latitude 5 5 .o6.which we named it Cape Henrietta 
 iMarta. There the land trends to the Southward, and we fol- 
 lowed it in fight ; but were put off with foule weather ; 
 which being ouer-blowne,we ftood in againe for the Weftcr- 
 fhoarc ( that we might Icaue no part vnfeene ) and followed 
 it againe to latitude 54. 40. The fecond time wee alfo put oft’, 
 with like foule weather : which made v$ ftand to the Earth- 
 ward. In this way we paft by fome Hands, and happened a- 
 rnpngft broken grounds, and rocks ; in latitude 53-30. where 
 wee came to an Anker , and fheltred our felues fome few 
 dayes, fluffing Rodes. Now the Winter began to come on, 
 and the nights to be long and cold ; that amongft thefe dan- 
 gerous places , wee were fainc to fpend the day to looke for 
 fecuritic for the night. Here, by misfortune , our Ship came 
 aground; and that amongft great ftones, asbiggeas a mans 
 
II 6 
 
 head ; where fhee did beate for the fpaceof fiue houres, 
 moft (carefully. In this time, we lightened her, and carried 
 fome of our things afhoarc: fo that by the great fauourof 
 God, we got her off againc, whereupon we named this 
 Hand, the Hand of Qods After that againe, amongft thofc 
 
 Rockes , we were put to many extremities. At length, {ha- 
 uing a gentle Southerly winde ) we flood alongft the Eafter- 
 fhoare , to the Northward : now looking for a conuenient 
 place to winter in. And here againe , were we aflaulted with 
 a violent ftorme , in which vve loft our Shallop, and were 
 driuen amongft diners dangers : and feeing an opening be- 
 twixt two Ilands , we ventcred to goe in , in very fotile 
 weather. We found it to be a very good Sound, and there 
 we came to an Anker. W e landed on one of them , which 
 we named the Lord Weftons Hand ; and man’d out our old 
 Ship-boate vpon it. The other Hand we named my Lord 
 of 'Brifiols Hand. Parting from hence , wee flood to the 
 South-ward, to looke for a wintering place: becaufe the time 
 of difeouery was part for this yeere. Many were our trou- 
 bles amongft thefe Hands , fhoalds, and broken grounds ; 
 which made vs ftraine our ground tackle for life, many a 
 time. 
 
 The 6. of Ottober, we arriued in this Bay; it feeminga 
 very likely place to finde a Harbour in : but fearchihg the like- 
 lieft places , we found it all fo fhoald flats and Rocks, and fto- 
 ny by the fhoare fide ; that we could by no meanes bring our 
 Ship neere the fhoare , but were forced to ride a league oft , 
 in 3. faddotnc and a halfe water- 
 . ' 1 he winter came on apace , the weather proued tempeftu- 
 ous ; and the cold fo multiplied, that our failes froze in lumps 
 to the yards , vnmanuable. Neither could our oncly boate goe 
 from the Ship , by reafon of the weather. About the middle 
 of October, I caufed a houfe to be made alhoare where our 
 ficke men might the better recouer : but alwayes with an in- 
 tent to rake it downe , if we found othcr-where, a place for 
 car Ship. Ifent likewifetnen afoote (feeing the boate could 
 
 not 
 
not goe) to difcouer the Hand , and to fee if they could find 
 fome Creeke or Coue ; but allinvaine, we fpent the time 
 with hope of fairer weather , till now the Cables began to 
 freeze in the houfe , and the Ship to be frozen ouer with the 
 fprewe of the Sea : fo that we were faine to fhouell the fnow 
 off our decks. Moreouer, t^e water began fo to congeale by 
 the Ihoarc fide , that the boatc could hardly get aihoare. Yet 
 for all that , if the wind blew N. W. there went a very great 
 furfe on the fhoare , and fuch a great Sea in the Bay , that 
 there was no bringing of our Ship aground. Befidcs this, fhe 
 would haue then laine open to the E. and S. E.and S. and in- 
 deed the nccreft land , all about that way, was 2. leagues off. 
 Hereupon, we continued out the extremity, at an Anker. 
 
 The 2 9. of November , the Tee came about vs on all fides , 
 and put vs from our ground tackle , and would haue driuen vs 
 out of the Bay vponRockesandlhoalds (where vndoubted- 
 ly we had periihed) but that by Gods great goodneffe, it pro- 
 uedfo vvarme a day (the winde at S. ) that fuddeuly we 
 brought vp fome fayle , and hoyft it vp with ropes, and fo 
 forftherafhoare; where 'fhec beat all that night very forely. 
 The Ship being now grounded and quiet , wee confidered 
 what was beft to doe with her, and refolued to finke her : 
 but the next tyde , before we had any of our prouifions a- 
 fhoare, the winde came N. W. fo that the Ship beat molt 
 fearcfully. We got all our dry prouifions vp to the vpper 
 decke, and made a hole to finke her: but before fhe was 
 funke , fhe beat fb extraordinarily , that we all thought fhe 
 had becne foundered. Being funke downe fo low , that the 
 water came on the vpper decke, we toolce our boate and 
 went all afhoare, in fuch pittifull cold weather, that we were 
 allfo white frozen, that fome ficke men that were aihoare 
 before, did not know vs one from another. 
 
 The next day we fell to land our prouifions; £r ft our Bread, 
 Filh, and dry things, the men driuen to wade in die water vp 
 to the middles , moft lamentable to behold. Within 2. dayes, 
 what with great flat pieces that ftucke about vs, and. that 
 
 P 3 which 
 
iiB 
 
 which froze, it was becomne firmc Tee , betwixt the Ship and 
 the fhoare : lb that then wc were faine to carry all things on 
 our backs a mile from the Ship to the houfe. Within few 
 dayes , the hold became fo frozen , that we could not get all 
 our things out of it, but were faine there to leaue it frozen, 
 till the next yeere. Then wc made vs t. other hottfes : our 
 firft houfe was our Manfion houfe , wherein we did all lye 
 together : our other was to dreffc our vi&uall ; and the third 
 foraftore-houfe: which we built a pretty diftance off, for 
 feareof fire. And now we confidered of the eftatc we were 
 in, we all doubted that the Ship was foundered : efpecially 
 our Carpenter. But fuppofe fhe were found : yet was it a 
 queftion , whether we could get her off in the Summer, when 
 the tydesarelow- Moreoucr, the might be fpoyled, lying in 
 thetydesway, when the Ice brake vp: and then we Ihould 
 be deftitute of any veffell to bring vs home. The Carpenter 
 vndertooke to build a Pinnace, of the burthen of 12. or 14. 
 tunnes, that fhouldbc ready by the Spring: that if we found 
 the Ship vnferuiceable , we might teare her vp, and planke 
 her with the Ships planke. Vpon this we refolued, and by 
 May brought it to that patfe* that fhe was ready to be ioy- 
 ned together, to receyue the planke. But God mercifully pro- 
 dded otherwife for vs : W e' indur'ed a bitter cold winter , 
 in which it plcafed Gcd to vifit vs with ficknefle : fo that in 
 the beginning of May 1632. there was but my felfe and the 
 Matter and Surgeon perfectly found : and he began to finde 
 fome defeitt alio. About the beginning of we began 
 
 ' todiggethe Ice out of our Ship, which by the middle of 
 May, we had effected. 
 
 The 24. of May , the Ice began to breake vp betwixt the 
 Ship and the fhoare : and about the middle of June , we had 
 off our Ship , and found hertobeftanch and found, contrary 
 to all our expectations. Before this time , about the mid* 
 die of CMay, our Carpenter dyed : and with him, the hope 
 of our Pinnace ; Matter Wardm dyed the 6. of May : our 
 Gunner Richard Edwards had his legge broken (which was 
 a ' cut 
 
ait off) attheCapftangin Augujt \6%x, and languifhed till 
 the 5. 2 . of November : on which day he dyed. Theft three 
 men lye buried here vndcrthefeTombes of ftones. We loft 
 another man; one Iohn Barton our Quarter-Mafter , who 
 mif-carricd in the little Bay that is due Weft from this Croflc 
 3 . mile : the Ice breaking vnder him, fo that he funke downe, 
 and we neuer (aw him more. The two Piftures which are 
 wrapt in lead, and faftened vppermoft on this Croffe , are 
 the liuely pictures of oiir Soueraigne Lord and Lady, Charles , 
 the firft ; and Queen a /Wary his wife; King and Queens of 
 England, Scotland, France and Ireland, (Jrc. The next vnder 
 that, is hisMaiefties Royall Armes : thelowermoft is the 
 Armes of the City of Hrifioll. 
 
 And now we are inareadinefle to depart this day, and I 
 intend to profecute our difeouery to the Weft- ward, in this 
 Latitude of 5 a . o 3 . and to the South-ward alfo,a!though with 
 little hope. Failing there, Imeanetohafte to Diggs Hand, 
 and indeauour to difeotier to the North-ward. Thus hauiug 
 had fome experience of the dangers of the Ice , lhealds, and 
 Rockesof vnknowne places : 1 thought it ncceflary to leaue 
 this teftimony of vs and our indeauours , if God lhould 
 take vs into his heatienly Kingdome , and fruftrate our re- 
 turne into our natiue Countrey. Wherefore I defire any 
 noble minded Trauailer , that {hall take this downe , or come 
 to the knowledge of it : that he will make relation of it 
 to our Soueraigne Lord the Kings Maiefty , and to certifie 
 his Grace, that we cannot as yet findeanyhopeof apaf- 
 )age this way : and that I doe faithfully perfeuer in my 
 leruice : accounting it but my duty , to fpend my life to 
 giue his Maieftic contentment ; whom I befcech God to 
 bleffe with all happineffe. And that they would likewife 
 aduertife our worfhipfult Aduenterers , of all our fortunes; 
 and that if as afore-faid wee perifh , it was not by any 
 ' want or def eft in Ship of viftuall, or other neceflaries ; all 
 which we haue in abundance for fbure moncths and aboue: 
 which if occafion be, wee can prolong to fixe moneths. 
 
Thus being atprefent vnabletocxpreffe a gratefull mind ci- 
 ther wife blit in my prayers to God: I heartily befeech him 
 to powreouthis bountifull blefling vpon all tneir honeft in- 
 deauours , and to continue their noble difpofitions in Ad ions 
 of this kinde. And I faithfully promife , that if I fhall come 
 where the like Letters and Tokens fhall be left, to make a 
 true relation of it , as it fhall be defired. So defiring the 
 happinefTe of allmankindc, in our gcncrall Sauiour Chrifi 
 Jefitf: lend. 
 
 Cbarleton, Inly the fecoiid. 1632. 
 
 Thomas lames. 
 
THE NAMES OF THE 
 
 feueraii instruments, f prouided 
 
 and bought for this Voyage. 
 
 A Quadrant of old ieafoned Pearetrec-wood, artifici- 
 ally made : and with all carepoffible diihdcd with 
 Diagonals, eueato minutes. It was of foure foote 
 ( at Icaft) Semtdi time ter. 
 
 Ail Equilateral! Triangle of like wood ; whofc Radius 
 
 was flue foote at leaft; and diuided out of Petifcus Table of 
 Tangents. 
 
 iikf^" two foote Semid. of like wood : and with 
 
 The., lights. Centers , and euery other part of them Iookt 
 to, and .tryed with conuenicnt Ccmpafes : to fee if they 
 had beene wrongd or altred. And this continually, before they 
 were made vfe of. 1 
 
 Staues for taking Altitudes and Dijlances in 
 the heauens. 
 
 A Staffe^ of feuen foote long ; whole Tranfome was foure 
 foote ; diuided into equall parts byway of Diagonals, that 
 all the figures in a Radius of tenne thoufand, might betaken 
 out,adhially. 
 
 Another of fixe foote , neerc as conuenicnt : and in that 
 manner to be vied. 
 
 Mailers Counters Crojfc-Stajfe. 
 
 Three IacobsStaucs , proietled after a new manner: and 
 truly diuided out of the Table of Tangents . 
 
 Two of Mailer Davis Backe ftaues : with like care made 
 and deuided. 
 
 Of Horiznntall Infiruments. 
 
 Two Semicircles , two foote Senudiameter : of feafoiied 
 Pearetrec wood : and diuided with Diagonals, to all polfiblc 
 cxaftnclfe. 
 
 Sixc 
 
 
 X 
 
Sixe Meridian Compares , ingenioufly made ; bcfides fome 
 doozens of others, more common. t 
 
 Foure Needles in fquare boxes, of fixe inches Diameter : 
 
 and other fixe, of three inches Biameter. 
 
 Moreouer, foure fpeciall Needles, (which my good friends 
 Matter sullen and Matter Marre gauemee) of fixe inches 
 diameter-, and toucht curioufly , with the beft Loade-Jtone m 
 
 A Loade-flone to refrefh any of thefe, if occafion were t 
 whofe Toles were marked, for feare of miflaking. 
 
 A iVatch-clocke , of fixe inches 'Diameter -. and another 
 
 lefler Watch. 
 
 PJTable euery day Calculated \ correfponaent to the la- 
 titude : according to Mafter Cjunters directions in his booke 
 the better to keepe our Time and our CompaJje , toiudgeor 
 
 of the beft and choifeft Mathematical book •&, 
 that could begot for money in England -. as Hkewife Mafter 
 Hacklmte, and Mafter Purcha* •• and other books of Iottrmlt 
 and Hijlcries. 
 
 Study Inftruments, of all forts. 
 
 Icaufedmany fmall Glares to be made - whofe part of 
 time, I knew to a moft infenfible thing : and fo diuided and 
 appropriated the Logg-lme, to them : making vfc of mibror- 
 dm, Snell 'm his numbers of feete aufwcrmg to a Degree : and 
 approoued of by Mafter Cjunter. . , r 
 
 I made a Meridian-line , of HO. yards long : with fixe 
 Plumb -lines hanging in it: fome of them being aboue 30. 
 foot high , and the weights hung in a hole in the ground, to a- 
 voydewinde. And this to take the Smncs or Moones com- 
 miiw to the C Meridian . This line wee verified, by letting it 
 by the Pole it felfe , and by many other way es 
 
 Two paire of curious Globes-, made purpofely .• the worke- 
 aiaa being earneftly affefted to this V oyage. 
 
 This 
 
This was the manner that we tookc the variation of 
 the Compafle , and that as often as conuenientiy 
 wccouldj but diuers of the Tables by negligence 
 Of my Boy are loft : but thefe (I hope) may fufficc 
 togiue fatisfaeftionof our care in Hauigation. 
 
 My 13 th. j ^ 3 1 . 
 
 Thefe 13. Azimuths with the Alt'nu.'Dec. were taken 
 vpon a greatpiece of Ice, with three Netties together : then 
 the Decimation was not equated , the laft three fet foorth by 
 tyem telues , proonesthe reft :•*>«. the Azimuth of Weft 
 with his variation : ihdAzmuthzt due Weft, And the va- 
 riation by the Altitude and Azimuth at due Weft. 
 
 Thefe were taken t wentie leagues to the Eaft ward of Sa- 
 lubmy Hand; and 2. quad, one of 4. another of 2. foote 
 Semtd, Semicircle of 2. foote Semtd. 
 
 La. 
 
 63 01 
 63 o'i 
 63 01 
 63 01 
 63 or | 
 63 01 
 63 01 
 63 or 
 63 01 
 63 01 
 t>3 01 
 63 01 
 63 01 
 
 ( Dc on . 
 
 AL. O 
 
 AZM 
 
 T. 
 
 \t.az 
 
 F. 
 
 20 
 
 14 
 
 39 
 
 4 2 
 
 77 
 
 50 
 
 ]S... 
 
 SO 
 
 II 
 
 S 
 
 20 
 
 *4 
 
 35 
 
 33 
 
 9 0 
 
 00 
 
 
 6 2 
 
 12 
 
 s 
 
 20 
 
 *4 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 76 
 
 50 
 
 N 
 
 65 
 
 °7 
 
 s 
 
 20 
 
 *4 
 
 3 i 
 
 24 
 
 80 
 
 18 
 
 N 
 
 72 
 
 12 
 
 s 
 
 20 
 
 14 
 
 , 3 <? 
 
 57 , 
 
 78 
 
 53 
 
 N 
 
 7 ? 
 
 2* 
 
 s 
 
 20 
 
 *4 
 
 2 9 
 
 00 1 
 
 74 
 
 50 
 
 N 
 
 77 
 
 28 
 
 s 
 
 20 
 
 14 
 
 37 
 
 10 ] 
 
 7 i 
 
 00 
 
 N 
 
 98 
 
 4 * 
 
 N 
 
 20 
 
 14 
 
 2 5 
 
 52 
 
 68 
 
 28 
 
 N 
 
 96 
 
 02 
 
 N 
 
 20 
 
 *4 
 
 3 3 
 
 00 ] 
 
 66 
 
 40 
 
 N 
 
 94 
 
 1 6 
 
 N 
 
 20 
 
 14 ! 
 
 34 
 
 00 ' 
 
 64 
 
 50 
 
 iVj 
 
 $ 2 
 
 16 
 
 N 
 
 20 
 
 14 
 
 *3 
 
 3 ° 
 
 64 
 
 00 
 
 n\ 
 
 91 
 
 i8| 
 
 N 
 
 20 
 
 14 ! 
 
 22 
 
 jo 
 
 *7 
 
 3 5 
 
 iV 
 
 89 
 
 
 N 
 
 20 
 
 *4 
 
 22 
 
 30 
 
 61 
 
 2 4 
 
 w 
 
 89 
 
 18 1 
 
 iVl 
 
 Far. 
 
 2 7 39 
 27 48 
 27 23 
 27 30 
 27 46 
 27 42 
 27 42 
 
 2 7 J4 
 27 36 
 
 27 2 6 
 27 44 
 
 *7 n 
 
 27 44 
 
 The meane Var on is 27. 3 6. 
 
 The variation of the Altit : and Azim : of Weft. 27. 33. 
 The variation of the Azimuth of Weft. 27. 48. 
 
 The variation by Azim. at due Weft. 27. 35. 
 
 The meane of thefe three is 27. 38. 
 <\z My 
 
Iuly it. x 6 3 r. 
 
 Thefe three Azimuths and Altitudes were taken vpon a 
 piece of Ice the JlLagnnicall Azimuths by the Sunnes fliade 
 in the water, the ayre thickc of fogge, that the Sunne gaue no 
 perfe£Hhade otherway es : to. leagues Weft from 
 fields Hand. 
 
 La. 
 
 6 q 33 
 6 Q 33 
 6o 33 
 
 Becl. ' 
 
 AL.Q. | AZM 
 
 F. 
 
 T.AZ 
 
 Fr 
 
 18 25 
 
 34 06 1 90 00 
 
 S 
 
 64 34 
 
 S 
 
 18 25 
 
 31 34184 4*' 
 
 \ N 
 
 70 08 
 
 S 
 
 I18 25 
 
 18 25 1 71 35 
 
 \N 
 
 82 54 
 
 N 
 
 Vur. 
 25 26 
 25 04 
 25 21 
 
 Themeaneis 25. 17 
 
 luly 24. 1631- 
 
 Thefe 1 1 Azimuths , were taken vpon a piece of Ice a- 
 bout the middle of the great Bay: fome of them by the fhade, 
 and fome by the fight of the Sunne in the water, the weather 
 being thickc of fogge. 
 
 La. 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 AL 
 
 •0. 
 
 f AZM 
 
 F, 
 
 T.AZ 
 
 F. 
 
 Var. 
 
 59 
 
 20 
 
 *7 
 
 40 
 
 36 
 
 44 
 
 ! 8* 
 
 50 
 
 S 
 
 59 04 
 
 S 
 
 22 
 
 46 
 
 5 9 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 40 
 
 15 
 
 44 
 
 83 
 
 40 
 
 S 
 
 6 t 18 
 
 S 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 59 
 
 20 
 
 1 7 
 
 40 
 
 53 
 
 02 
 
 90 
 
 00 
 
 N 
 
 67 14 
 
 s 
 
 22 
 
 46 
 
 59 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 40 
 
 29 
 
 49 
 
 84 
 
 25 
 
 173 4 ° 
 
 s 
 
 21 
 
 55 
 
 59 
 
 20 
 
 '7 
 
 40 
 
 37 
 
 z 5 
 
 79 
 
 5°; 
 
 |iY 
 
 75 10 
 
 s 
 
 22 
 
 00 
 
 59 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 40 
 
 26 
 
 2 7 
 
 78 
 
 i° 
 
 r 
 
 87 14 
 
 s 1 
 
 22 
 
 14 
 
 59 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 40 
 
 2? 
 
 48 
 
 72 
 
 3 si 
 
 
 84 38 
 
 \s 
 
 22 
 
 47 
 
 59 
 
 20 
 
 *7 
 
 40 
 
 21 
 
 16 
 
 68 
 
 47 
 
 l» 
 
 88 3S, 
 
 ]S 
 
 22 
 
 35 
 
 59 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 40 
 
 20 
 
 4 °; 
 
 67 
 
 30 ■ 
 
 N 
 
 90 00 j 
 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 30 
 
 59 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 40- 
 
 20 
 
 10 1 
 
 \6 7 
 
 00 
 
 N 
 
 89 00 • 
 
 \ N 
 
 |« 
 
 12 
 
 59 
 
 20 
 
 *7 
 
 40 
 
 *9 
 
 34 
 
 I 66 
 
 00 
 
 N 
 
 88 10 1 
 
 liV 
 
 ; a 
 
 10 
 
 Themeaneis ?t d . 23.21. 
 
Inly 5 i«J». 1631. 
 
 Thefe feuerall Azimuths were taken vpon a piece 
 of Ic^: 50. leagues off the W eftcr-Choare. 
 
 AL 
 
 .0. 
 
 AZ 
 
 -.M 
 
 F. 
 
 2 4 
 
 OO 
 
 76 
 
 24 
 
 N 
 
 *3 
 
 35 
 
 76 
 
 00 
 
 N 
 
 22 
 
 5° 
 
 75 
 
 00 
 
 N 
 
 22 
 
 °5 
 
 73 
 
 40 
 
 N 
 
 20 
 
 32' 
 
 7 I 
 
 20 
 
 N 
 
 18 
 
 40 
 
 67 
 
 55 
 
 N 
 
 18 
 
 3 ° . 
 
 67 
 
 3 ° 
 
 N 
 
 T.AZ 
 
 F. 
 
 Var. 
 
 99 
 
 20 
 
 N 
 
 2* 
 
 54 
 
 98 
 
 38 
 
 N 
 
 22 
 
 38 
 
 97 
 
 18 
 
 N 
 
 22 
 
 18 
 
 9 <S 
 
 04 
 
 N 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 93 
 
 3 * 
 
 N 
 
 21 
 
 12 
 
 90 
 
 24 
 
 N 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 9 0 
 
 02 
 
 N 
 
 22 
 
 3 1 
 
 Latitude 
 5843 43 
 
 Declina. 
 >543 43 
 
 Themeaneis 42 . 25?. 34, 
 
 1. 1 63 T * 
 
 Thefe feuerall tAnimttths were taken vpon apiece 
 of Ice : about 40. leagues off the Wefter-Ihoare. 
 
 AL.G). 1 
 
 
 \M ' 
 
 F. 
 
 T.AZ. 
 
 F. 
 
 Var. ' 
 
 2 6 
 
 36 
 
 83 
 
 OS 
 
 N 
 
 IO<J 
 
 • 3 6 
 
 iV 
 
 21 
 
 3 1 
 
 25 
 
 24 
 
 81 
 
 25 
 
 N 
 
 103 
 
 .0 6 
 
 N 
 
 II 
 
 4 * 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 78 
 
 38 1 
 
 N 
 
 100 
 
 *42 
 
 N 
 
 22 
 
 04 
 
 22 
 
 -- -1 
 
 30 
 
 75 
 
 16 
 
 1* , 
 
 97 
 
 22 
 
 N 
 
 22 
 
 06 
 
 21 
 
 31 
 
 73 
 
 5 ° 
 
 ' N 
 
 95 
 
 42 
 
 N ' 
 
 ! 21 
 
 5 > 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 7 * 
 
 27 
 
 N 
 
 93 
 
 24 
 
 N ' 
 
 21 
 
 57 
 
 18 
 
 42 
 
 6 . 8 
 
 40 
 
 N 
 
 90 
 
 58 
 
 N 
 
 22 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 °7 
 
 i 4 7 
 
 25 
 
 . # 
 
 *9 
 
 
 N 
 
 , 22 
 
 3i 
 
 Latitude 
 
 58.45. 
 
 Declina. 
 
 15.25. 
 
 Themeanc is 2 a. co. 
 
tAxguft. 5 th. i<j 3I . 
 
 Tbefe Azimuths were taken vpon a piece of Icc , 
 and calculated by all the figures of the Canon 
 about 40. leagues off the Weftcr-fhoare. 
 
 Latitude 
 58. 37. 
 
 Dedina. 
 14. 12. 
 
 AL 
 
 .Q. 
 
 AZ 
 
 .M 
 
 F. 
 
 T.AZ. 
 
 -F. 
 
 23 
 
 14 
 
 79 
 
 12 
 
 N 
 
 IO] 
 
 02 
 
 iV 
 
 22 
 
 11 
 
 76 
 
 40 
 
 N 
 
 99 
 
 12 
 
 2 V 
 
 21 
 
 11 
 
 75 
 
 11 
 
 N 
 
 97 
 
 28 
 
 N 
 
 2° 
 
 00 
 
 73 
 
 02 
 
 N 
 
 95 
 
 48 f 
 
 N 
 
 l8 
 
 59 
 
 7 1 
 
 24 
 
 N 
 
 93 
 
 47 
 
 N 
 
 *7 
 
 15 
 
 68 
 
 35 
 
 N 
 
 90 
 
 53 
 
 N 
 
 16 
 
 42 
 
 67 
 
 28 
 
 N 
 
 90 
 
 00 
 
 
 15 
 
 39 j 
 
 ! *5 
 
 3 2 
 
 x\ 
 
 : 88 
 
 18 
 
 N 
 
 'Oar. 
 
 21 jc 
 
 22 3 X 
 22 jy 
 22 46 
 2 2 23 
 
 22 18 
 22 32 
 
 at 4 6 
 
 Themeaneis 22. 
 
 2j. 30. 
 
 Thefe obferuations were taken the 10*. of November-. 
 1 31, the Lat. jj. 03. the difference may be conceiued to 
 grow by reafon of the Sunnes low Altitude and Refradlion. 
 
 S— A S r mer SoIfticc > where difference of 
 Meridians is suoided^and are more exadf 
 
 Alt. O. 
 9. cm. 
 
 14 25 
 14 00 
 
 13 15 
 
 12 18 
 
 , 12 OJ 
 
 II 41 
 10 J7 
 9 4 2 
 9 ij 
 8 jo 
 
 1 AZ. 
 
 cJhf. 
 
 3 ". 
 
 9 . 
 
 CM. 
 
 G. 
 
 CM. 
 
 4?- 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 11 
 
 45 
 
 2 5 
 
 27 
 
 30 
 
 47 
 
 25 
 
 29 
 
 54 
 
 48 
 
 10 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 49 
 
 20 
 
 .33 
 
 1 6 
 
 51 
 
 07 
 
 34 
 
 15 
 
 53 
 
 25 
 
 36 
 
 °4 
 
 55 
 
 25 
 
 38 
 
 58 
 
 57 
 
 45 
 
 40 
 
 00 
 
 58 
 
 .37 J 
 
 4 ° 
 
 5 * ! 
 
 Var. Weft, 
 G. CM. 
 
 16 14 
 
 r 7 55 
 
 17 31 
 
 *5 37 
 
 16 04 
 
 Itf J 2 
 
 17 2 r 
 l <5 27 
 
 17 14 
 17 45 
 
 Themeaneis 16. 57. Weft. 
 

An Appendix touching 
 
 < Longitude. 
 
 L Atitude and Longitude are two primary affections of the 
 Earth.by the helpeof thefc two, doth the Geographer 
 ftriueto repreftnt the parts of the Earth that they may 
 keepe Symmetry and Harmony with the whole. Latitude 
 then is an arch of the Meridian , comprehended betweenc the 
 ./Equator and a Paralell;but Longitude is an arch of the ./Equa- 
 tor, intercepted by the Prime Meridian and the Meridian of a 
 Place , the difference of Longitudes being the difference of 
 two Meridians. The meafure of the former is the Meridian, 
 the yE qua tor of this latter. For the exa& fettling of Latitudes 
 we haue many and abfolute helpes, fo that the Error if any 
 happen, ought to be imputed to the imperfecT handling of the 
 Artift. But the Longitude of a Meridian is that which hath, 
 and ftill wearieth,thc greateft Mafters of Geography. Ncuer- 
 thelefle hath not the wife Creator left Man vnfarmflied of 
 many excellent helpes to attaine his defire : For befides Eclip- 
 fes,efpccially of theMoone, (whofe leafure wc muft often 
 waite, and perhaps goe without, if the Heauens be not propi- 
 tious to vs) we haue the Concurfcof quicke pac’d inferiour 
 'Planets, with fupcriotir flow ones , or their Appulles with 
 fome fixed Starre of knowne place , or elfe fome other Arti- 
 fice deriued from their Motions and Pofitions. As for the 
 Magneticall Needle to argue a Longitude from its Variation, 
 is altogether without ground. And though well fumilht Sea- 
 men are able by their dead Reckonings (as they teanne them) 
 to determine the difference of Meridians fomewha neere, yet 
 byreafon of the vnknowne quantity of a Degree in agiuen 
 meafure (which is the R&le of the Ships way ) V arieties of 
 aduerfe winds , Different fets of Tydes , and other muolued 
 incombrances,they ccme often wide of the mark they ^aime at. 
 The beft wav yet knowne to the world , is that which is de- 
 duced from' the Cceleftiall Apparenccs, which being perfor- 
 med by Iudicious Artifts, may in fhort time recffifie out 
 1 r Geographical! 
 
An Appendix touching Longitude. 
 
 Gcographicall and Hydrographicall Charts hitherto in moft 
 places fouly diftorted. It is my intent here, to giue an infiance 
 from two fcuerall obferuations drawne from theCoeleftiall 
 Bodyes,by the Author of this difcourfe, in his difcouery for 
 the N. W.at the bottome of the Bay , being his wintering 
 place, and called by the name of Charlotort, which for lodge- 
 ment, Circumfpe&ion and Examines may compare with moft.* 
 The firft from the Eclips of the Moone ; The fecond from 
 the Moones Mediation of Hcauen , or Her comming to the • 
 Plane of his Meridian of Charleton. 
 
 The Captaine then mindful! of the Lunar Eclips which 
 was to happen Oftober 29. Anno 1631. was waytingon 
 the Moone with his Inftruments, but by reafon of the Inter- 
 pofition of the clouds, could make no Obferuation on the be- 
 ginning of her Obfcuration , but at her Emerfion or Totall 
 Recouery of Light, the heauens being more Serene, he tooke 
 the Altitude of the Superior Limb of the Moone 2p.gr. u.m. 
 The Latitude of Charlton being ya. gr. 3. min. 
 
 At that very time, my felfewith fome friends found the 
 exa& time of the Moones Emerfion at London in Grefham 
 Colledge ( by a Quadrant of fixe foot Radius,adually cut to 
 each minute of theQuadrant)to be Oftob. 2p. 1 3.h. 7. m.28 
 fee. or Oftob.30. d.at one of the clocke,feuen minutes, and 
 about a halfe in the morning. 
 
 Now becaufe the Tables of the Cceleftiall Motions, lately 
 publiflied by that moft Learned and Induftrious Lansberg,doc 
 much amufe,the world with that loftie tide of Perpetuity, it 
 fiiall not be amiffeto enquire after the time of the Captaines 
 Obferuation from them, that fo by comparing the one with 
 the other we may obtaine the difference of Meridians, which 
 is the matter now fought after. 
 
 The middle motions of the Luminaries anfwerable to the e- 
 qualltimeof the Emerfion of the Moone, are thefe which 
 follow. 
 
 The 
 
V An Appendix touching Longitude . 
 
 Sex. Gr. M. S. 
 OSunne 3. 47. 3 9- 2 <5 
 
 The middle motion of the S- Center of the© 3 1 5 4? 5 8 
 
 jApogaeu ofthe ©i 35 45 44 
 
 pLogitudcofthc") 2 59 *9 1 
 
 The middle motion of the V Anomaly ofthe} o 5 1130 
 
 j Latitude of the ) 4 32 S 15 
 
 The Profthapha*refis of the ./Equinox o 01230 
 
 Being thus fumifhed with thefe middle motions wee are 
 next to enquire for the true places of the Luminaries & their 
 Concomitants, as their right Afcentions, the Declination, La- 
 titude, Semidiametcr^arallaxA Refraction of the C , that fo 
 the true Altitude of the ( center, and confequently the time 
 of the Emerlion may be had at Ch/erleton. 
 
 For the Sunncs true place. 
 
 Sex. Gr. M. S. 
 
 The middle motion of the O Center, 1 * 3 • 1 5 • 49- 5 8 
 
 The Profthaphsercfis of the Center add. — o. 1 37.0 
 The Proportionall Scruples. — 1 . 
 
 The middle motion of the © Apogamm. ». 3? » 4 5-44 
 The true motion of the Apogarum fubtr. 
 
 The middle motion of the © is 
 
 The Anomaly of the © orbe - 
 
 The Profthaphacrefi* of the o orbe 
 The exceflc to be added 
 
 • — 3- 
 
 37- 
 
 47 - 
 
 %l. 
 
 39* 
 
 • 2 . 
 
 -o. 
 
 o. 
 
 Theabfolute Profthaph.of the 0 orbe fubtr. o. 
 The midd.mot. of the © fro the true -^q ui ; 5 ‘ 
 The true mot. of the © from the true JEqui. 3 
 Therefore the O true place was in n? 
 
 And his right Afcention 
 
 44 
 
 76 
 
 10. i <5. 42 
 
 »• 3*- 43 
 o. o. 20 
 
 i- 33* 3 
 
 47. si. 
 
 S6 
 
 46. 18. 53 
 o. i<5. 18. S3 
 - 213.49- 53 
 
 For the Moones true place. 
 
 5. 5 9- 
 o. o. 
 
 The Anomaly ofthe C Center 
 The Profthaphacrefi? of the C Center 
 
 The Anomaly ofthe C orbe-- 
 
 Xhe ./Equated Anomaly of the C orbe — °- 5- 
 
 18. a 
 5. 3 6 
 
 11 : 30 
 
 Tlie 
 
An Appendix touching Longitude. 
 
 i. r _ t . . , Sex.G.M.S. 
 
 The Proithapha»refis of the D orbe fubtr. — o. o. 24. 4. 
 The mid.mot.of the > Longitude from the ©.a. 5 9. 39, j 
 Thetruc motion of the J Longit.ftomthc O-zTs^n^Tfi 
 The mid. mot. of the 0 from the true arquin.3* 47. u. <g 
 The true mot. of- the ) from the true sequin, o. 47. c. 5 3 
 
 Therefore the J true place was infer ———0.17. 6 . 5 3 
 
 For the ) Latitude. 
 
 The middle motion of the ) Latitude. 4. 3 a. 8. 1 j. 
 The ) abfolute Proftbaph. of her Orb fubtr. <>• o. 24. 4. 
 The ) true motion of Latitude. 4. 3 j .44. IF. 
 
 The ) Northerne Latitude was. o. o. 9 5. 
 
 And her Redu&iuc Semples Subtr. <>• o. o. zg. 
 
 But the ) true motion in her proper Orbe was oT 17, 6:53: 
 Therfore the) true place reduced to the Eclipt^.17.6. 27. 
 And becaufe the North Lat. of the } was o: 9: y : " 
 
 Therefore will her Right afeens. be. 44: 35:10 
 
 And her Declination — 17; 7; 49 
 
 And becaufe we haue the diftance of the Moone. 
 
 From the earth in Semidiameters of the earth. 64 T 
 Therefore fhall the ) apparent Semidiam: be — - o, 15. 
 And her parallax of Altitude. o. 47.0. 
 
 Now becaufc the Altitude of thelimbe of the ) was found 
 
 byobferuationtobee 29: ij ; 
 
 If we fhall fubftrad her Semidiameter o : 15: 
 
 And the refra&ion — o; 1: 
 
 Wehaue the apparent Altitude of the T center 28:54: 
 
 To this if wcaddethe parallax of Altitude * — oj 47; 
 
 We lhall haue the true Altitude of the) Center: 29:41; 
 
 Hauing thus the Latitude of the place,thc ) true Altitude 
 with her declination, by the refolution of a Sphatricall Trian- 
 gle according to the 11 Probleme, lib. 2. Part. 2. of our 
 Britifh Trigonometry we haue the diftance of the > from 
 
 theMeridian— — r — 6y. 26; 
 
 And by comparing this Arch with the difference of the 
 afeentions of the Luminaries, the Time of the ) totall reco- 
 uery of her light at Charlton vvillbe 7. hou.49.rain.28.ftc. 
 
 Which 
 
y„An Appendix touching Longitude . 
 
 W hich fubtr. from the time of the Emerfion at London . i j 
 hou. 7. min. 28. fee. 
 
 The difference of Meridians in refpeft of rime will be y.-h. 
 1 8 : m. o. So that Charlton is remooued from London W eft- 
 wards, 7 9. gr. 30. m. 
 
 This may likewife be confirmed byafccotid different ob- 
 feruation made at theinftant of the Mooncs Culmination or 
 Mediation of Heauen , at which time the Altitude of the 
 brightcftStarreirtthe Aftcrifmc of the Northcme Crowne, 
 (being of the fecond Magnitude ) was found to be 33. gr. 
 27. m. Eafterly. Ann. 1 632. Inns 23. 
 
 It may be Problematically dcliucred after this manner. 
 
 Hauing the Latitude of a Place, with the Altitude 
 of a knownc fixed Starre at the moment of the 
 ) culmination, to findethe Longitude. 
 
 This fixed Starre is of knowne longitude and latitude, ther- 
 fore was his Declination 27: 59: and right afeenfion 229.45. 
 Now by the refolution of a Sphjericall Triangle of 3 . knowne 
 fides we haue the difiance of this Star from the Meridian, and 
 by confequence the right afeenfionof the ), whence we con- 
 clude her Culmination to be w ith the 28 : 1 o:m . of VP. but the 
 Mooncs tme place was much leffe. Here note that the fem- 
 pulofityof time is vnkno .vne, and therefore we cannot argue 
 the T true place from thence (though I grant it might be c- 
 uinced ) for that were to begge the Queftion , and to know 
 that firfi,which we looke after. 
 
 In the next place we are to inquire with what point of the 
 Ecliptique the ) did culminate with vs here at London, that 
 fo from the difference of her places, of the like affe<ftion, we 
 may deduce the difference of Meridians. 
 
 Obferuation on the) Culmination here at London w ee 
 made none, therefore mu ft we hair; recourfe to the aferefaid 
 Tables of Lanjherg, and from thence calculate the fame. Now 
 becaufc the ) was not farre remooued from the © oppofite 
 point. It will not be amide to enquire fi'fi the ) placcat 
 midnight. Sex. Gr. M. S. 
 
 The o oppofite place a- midnight in vp o 11.18.15. 
 
 The i ) true place at midnight reduced to the 
 
 Ecliptique was in yp — > — 1 — — 1 o. 23. 33. 18. 
 
 R i “* The 
 
K.A n (^Appendix touching Longitude. 
 
 • i The South Latitude of the Moone was 1 — — o. 4, j£. 3 » 
 Therefore the difference of Afcenfions will be — 14. 5. o 
 
 The Diumall motion of the Moone — 14. 24 o 
 
 Therefore the Moone proper motion anfwcrable to 
 
 the difterenceof Afcenfions is — ■ * — o. 33. 
 
 W hich added to the Mooncs true place at midnight 23.33.18 
 
 Giues vs theMoones true place reduced to 
 
 the Ediptique at her Culmination at London • — 24. 7. 8 
 
 Nowbecaufe the (2 Southern Latitude was 4. 56.38, the 
 Arch therefore of the Ediptique comprehended betweene 
 the Moones true place and the culminating point of the Eclip- 
 tique willTrigonometically be found to be 54:38. which ad- 
 ded to the (£ true place before found giues vs the culminating 
 point of the Edipti. 25 .gr. i.m. 46 .f, which is leffe then that 
 found at Charleton:thc difference being 3.8.24.therfore is the 
 place of Obferuation W cfterly of Z.oW<7».Hauing therfore the 
 <£ Diumall motion & the difference of the feueral culminating 
 points we conclude the Meridian of Charlton to be diftant 
 fro this of Lodon $.h. 1 4.1x1. of time or 78.30. ofthe Equator. 
 
 The difference betweene that of the Edipfe, and this latter 
 obferuation is only 4. minutes of time or one degree a dif- 
 ference eafily pardoned, efpecially if wee {hall compare the 
 fame with fome other places , yea euen fuch as border neerely 
 on each other .To giue aninftanceon 2 eminent places which 
 lye in the heart of Europe, Rome & Norcnberg .- Their diffe- 
 rence of Longitude Regiomontanus makes 3 6- Werner 3 2. 
 Appian 34. Mjeftlin and Origan 33. Stofler 18 . Maginus 26. 
 Schoner 1 2. Mercator and Hondius as much. Stadius 1 3. lan- 
 lonius 10. Kepler by 2 obferuations on 2 Lunar Eclipfes, but 
 4 minutes of time. 
 
 This varietie among thefe great Artifts, will I hope par- 
 don vs this difference of 4.nvand be a means to incouragc our 
 Englifh Sea-men and others, to make fuch or the like obferua- 
 tions in forrainc parts as theheauens {hall beoffred vnto them. 
 
 H, Geiltbrand. 
 
T o the venerable <*jf rtifls and youn- 
 ger Students in Diu'mity, in the famous Vni- 
 uerfity of C A M E R I D G E. 
 
 }0 V nobly-witted , and ingc- 
 nuoufly-ftudied Academians : 
 vvhofe excellency in all kinds of 
 learning, allfbrraigne Fritter fi- 
 nes doe admire, and none atteine 
 vnto. Ihcrcprefentyou a Foy- 
 *ge to Choices, though not the 
 Gulden- fleece with it : the Searche , 
 
 I meahe, but not the finding j Q f that fo much talkt 
 of, fo often fought for, North-Weft Pajfage, and 
 neerer way into the South-Sen. That , wherein fo 
 much Time and Treafure haue beene expended, Co 
 many braue Spirits employed, and yet none difeoue- 
 red. Perchance, there is no fuch Pajfage to be found ; 
 and that the Spaniards, by the gullcry of their falfe 
 Sen-Card, *, and the fable of an old Greeke Pilote , 
 haue but diuerted our Engltjh and Dutch Sea-men, 
 from their golden Indyes . This plot of theirs hath 
 taken,for thefe many yceres : and it appeares to bee 
 but a plot, for that themlelues neuer makevfe of 
 this Pajfage. For mine owne part, I fuppofe that 
 the Philofiofhers fione is in the North-Weft Pajfage. My 
 argument for it is. For that thcres fo much Phtlofo- 
 fhy in the way to it. 
 
 So 
 
 
 
So much, and fuch variety : fuch variety, and tha f 
 fo various, (Ithinke) from what isrcceiuedin the 
 Schooles : that it were well worth the difquifition of 
 an Vmuerfity , ( and I vvifh you the firft honour of it) 
 either to find out, how thefe obfer nations may bee 
 reduced to Arifiotles Philofophy : or whether they need 
 any other enquiry, and ought to be examined by 
 fome other Rules, then Arijlotle hath yet light vpon. 
 This is my purpofe of inicribing it vnto you. Of 
 this one thing am I confident : that you are all fo 
 rationaU, and ingenuous, as to preferre T *uth , before 
 Authority : Amicus Plato, amicus Arijloteles, bur magis 
 arnica vent as. Your Sciences, then, being Liber all •, 
 your Studies, I know, haue fo farrepaflid into your 
 maners, that your minds are fo too, and that fuch 
 as haue already profited beyond the credulity requi- 
 red ina yong learner, and are themfelues promoted 
 to be Maflers of the Arts ; though they ftill reue- 
 rence their oldGreeke Tutor , yet they will not fuffer 
 that of Pythagoras Schoole , fo todomincerein Ariflo- 
 tles, as t o let an Ipfe dixit, goeaway with it: much 
 lefte allow it the authority of a Mayors hammer, with 
 one knocks to filence all arguments. 
 
 Vpon this confidence, I, with all due /efpe&s, 
 here preferre two Proportions vnto your difeufiing. 
 The firft this, Whether thofe Rules of Arifiotles Phi- 
 lo fophy he to be allowed fo Vniuerfall, that they hold all 
 the world ouer. The iecond this, Whether they ought 
 to be fo magifieriall, as to prefer the agatnll all other exa- 
 minations. The firft of the/e, I (hall but problemati- 
 cally propound vnto you : but in the fecond, I hope 
 a man of my cloathing, may bee allowed the free- 
 d - c u — f jmething more earneft* 
 
 Buf 
 
But that I may not come with prejudice to the 
 making of thefe motions, or bee thought, vpon 
 fame ignorance ox ambition, to Ipeake againft the in- 
 comparable i^driflotle, I Hull defire all my fellow Aca- 
 demians to allow me Co much diferetion, as to know. 
 That he that lhall in your hearings, oppofe your A. 
 riflotle 5 does like the Ship here fpoken of, runne 
 againft a Rocke, endanger his owne bulge, and the 
 ftauingof his veftell. No, I fofarre honour the old 
 e Aristotle , that I well allow him to bee Mailer and 
 Moderator of the Schooles : and that there is the lame 
 relpetft due to him in the Schooles , which, by Reafon 
 and long Cullome , is due to one of the Kings Ships in 
 the Narrow Seas • That in acknowledgement of a Soue- 
 raignty, euery other name ought to Hr ike fayle to him . 
 Anilotle ( it mull: be confeft ) hath made all learning 
 beholding to him : no man hath learned to confute 
 him, but by him j and vnlefle hee hath plowed with 
 his heyfer. He had the moft incomparable wit, and 
 was the moft Logicall and demonftratiue deliuerer 
 of himfelfe, of all the Sonnes of nature : One,who 
 beft of all deferued to be cald Her Principal Secreta- 
 ry : one , who not onely adornes a Library , but 
 makes it : Qui habet Arillotelem, habet Bibliothecam , 
 is truer of him, then of the Great Comparer. This 
 is my opinion of him and I wilh him more ftu- 
 dyed. 
 
 Tis not, therefore, the name, or the authority of 
 the great Arillotle , that my Propofitions meddle 
 withall : but whether his obferuations gathered out 
 of this part of the world alone , could , like a 
 royall Pajfe or a Commifsion , carry a man all the world 
 ouerf 
 
 S 
 
 It 
 
Itmuftbe confeft, That in refpedt of the Equi. 
 noUtall and the Latitude that Arittotle liued in, hec 
 was but a Northern man : andtwas his owne Rule, 
 that Nihil agit extra Spharam attiuitatis fiu. So then, 
 it would bee put to voyces to confider , whether he 
 that knew but thefeNortherne parts, and the Me- 
 diterranean Sea ; could poffibly make fuch collecti- 
 ons, by what was here to be learned, as fliould bee 
 vn fail cable in the Southern H ami f here and the two 
 Indyes t Plainely, thofe that are conuerfant in the 
 nauigations and boohs of voyages into thofe parts ; 
 haue found fo many contrarieties to obferue 3 that 
 it were rather tedious , then difficult, to fill vp a Note- 
 booke with them. 
 
 The Ancients, wee know (as if they had raeafured 
 the world by the Yeard-wand ) retrained the limits 
 of temperature , and habitation , by the fiue Zones : 
 without confideration of any interloping or concur- 
 ring caufes, which experience hath now found out, 
 to haue quite altered their o'oferuation . I adde, that 
 a good leifure and diligence might obferue, how in 
 the contrary part of the world, there be found cleane 
 contrary Caufes and Effects , vnto thofe in this part 
 of the world. The South-wind there, brings coldmd 
 Winter : and the Norths is the rainy wind. How will 
 the E bunder and the Wwf be made agree with Ari- 
 ftotles definition of a Meteore? In fome places of the 
 Mountaines Andes by Peru, it thunders eucr. The 
 East -Indies haue their CMonfons and their fteady 
 winds, conftant for fixe moneths together .* and who 
 fliall affigne their caufes t Then the doctrine of 
 the Tydes , nothing fo vneertaine : which ebbe and 
 flow in fome places, different j and in others contrary , 
 
 to 
 
to the Moone and her motions. This (as I remember) 
 is Ariftotles definition ofzMeteore, That it is, 
 imperfeff tnixt body, generated out of an infrme and in- 
 constant concretion of the Elements-, which therefore can- 
 not be durable. Now the Mon/on, is both conflant 
 in his continuance this yeere , and in his returne next 
 yeerej moftconftantly keeping his feafons halfe yeere 
 one way, and halfe yeere another way, for all ages: 
 nothing more conftantly or durably j and therefore 
 nothing like Ariftotles Meteore. And fo for the Thun- 
 der vpon the Andes : it is firft perpetuall j fccondly, 
 not caufed by a dry exhalation , (as Aristotle wills) but 
 hanging ouer fuch hils as arecouered with fnow and 
 a perpetuall winter. Witneffe the Thunder on the 
 Alpes alfo : yea and that in the middle of the Sea , 
 
 5 oo. leagues from fhoarc, or any thing that is dry. 
 Yea, it frequently bdlh Snorves and Thunders vpon the 
 Andes , at one inftant: and in dry places that are hard 
 by, fcarce euer Thundering. 
 
 But not to pafie the Line for it ; You fee in this 
 little Booke, how Charlton Hand , which is no more 
 Northerly then your Cambridge j is yet fo vnfuffera- 
 bly cold, that it is not habitable : and that there en- 
 counter fo many different, (at leaf! fo feeming) occur- 
 rences of nature, as were well worth the difquifition 
 of a Philofopher.l could,(in my final reading)inftance 
 in many many other particulars: which I had rather 
 fhouldbe found out by fbme induftrious fearchers 
 after Nature, in the Moderne Relations of our Bifco- 
 verers, then in this my ihort Propofition. Tis not to 
 be doubted , but that the careful! reading of our 
 Books of Voyages, would more elucidate the History 
 of Nature, and more conduce to the improuement of 
 
 S 2 Philofophy, 
 
Dan. n.4» 
 
 2 . 
 
 Luke 17. 10. 
 
 Suldcts^ 
 
 Rabbini. 
 
 Philofophy , then any thing that hath beene lately 
 thought upon. Thefe Navigations haue in part ful- 
 filled that of the Prophet , CM any frail pajfe to and 
 fro, and knowledge frail be encreafed. T his, 1 fuppole, 
 might be obferued from this ftudy , That the great 
 and infinite Creator hath fo difpofed and varied euery 
 thing, that it is impoffible for mans reafon and obfer- 
 uation to conclude him : and therefore, though vul- 
 gar and receiued Philofophie, may giuea man a generalL 
 hint, all the world ouer^yet no Vniucrfall and vnfay- 
 ling certainty. 
 
 This brings ir.ee to my Second Proportion, That 
 feeing God will not haue his works, (no more then 
 his Kingdome ) to come by obferuation ; Whether, 
 then, ought any humane dictates to be fo MagiJleriall,asto 
 prefcribe againfl all other examination ? 
 
 No humane ftudy more cdhduces to the letting 
 forth of Gods glory, then the contemplation of his 
 great- workes, in Philofophie : for though a fmattering- 
 knowledge in Second Caufes, warps the mind towards 
 Atheifme ; yet a higher (peculation of them , brings 
 about againe to Religion. No man , I belecue , 
 will thinke it fit for vs to haue a Pope in Philofophie', 
 one, that no body fiiall prefume to cenfure of: but all 
 be bound to aduance his Decretalls, aboue the Holy 
 Scriptures. This is the fcandall that my felfe, and di- 
 uc-rs good men take, at the vndue authority in fomc 
 heates pinn’d vpon the Stagerite. 
 
 I am lorry that the Ifraelites dotage vpon Salomons 
 Philofophie , lhould haue caufed the zealous He&ekiab. 
 to call in and to fupprefle thofe vnualuable phyftcks .* 
 for feare , I fuppofe , left their credit Ihould haue as 
 much derogated fro the authority of the Holy Scrip- 
 tures 5 
 
tures&s the brazen Serpent (which he deftroyed abouc 
 the fame time)had done from Religion. N one willbe- 
 leeue, that Salomons Philofophie was contrary to the 
 Scriptures ; feeing the Scripture commends Salomon 
 for them. Twas not Hezektahs feare, therefore," (ot* 
 not onely) left there might haue beene a competition 
 betweene them, but a negledi of one of them: he was 
 iealous left the Scripture might haue any writing fet 
 V P by it, though not againft it. 
 
 Can Diutnes, then, be blamed for fpealcing, when 
 they heare Anftotles Philosophy to be folely magni- 
 fied, and the ftudy of the Scripture Philofophy , difre- 
 fpedted t Or that when tis confeft, That fuch a thing 
 is true in Diuintty, and yet the Moderating of the point 
 determine for Philofophie t Nay, to heare it cald ah. 
 furd md ridiculous, to haue Scripture vrg’datall, in 
 point of Philofophy ? No doubt there But whatfo- 
 euer isfalfe in D minify, is alfo falfe in Nature , how 
 much (how of truth foeuer it paftes with, in Phibfo- 
 phy. Philofophy hath taken its turne in the Schoeles.-znd 
 the holy Texts by the Schoolemen , haue euen been ftib- 
 mitted vnto Anflotles : yea, to the great corruption 
 of Theologit, as the complaint is, hath this man been 
 fo farre aduanced, That Contra ell Philofophtts Con- 
 tra eft Apostolus ■, haue familiarly pafled vp and down, 
 for equall Oppofmons: fo that it hath been a meafuring 
 call oftentimes, betwixt the Prophet and the Peripate- 
 tick : and by foule play hath the ineafure beene made 
 to ftand the harder at the Peripatetick , for that the 
 Prophet hath beene enforced to comply with him by 
 a wrested interpretation. Thus had S.Paul need giue h is 
 caveat vnto T heologie, as well as vnto Theologues, Be- 
 ware left any man Jpoyleyon through Philofophy . 
 
 S 3 AH 
 
Alt this were to no purpofe, vnletle the Text of 
 Cod were excellent in this kinde j andembellifhed, 
 here and there, with moft admirable Philofophy. 
 What incomparably rare foot- Heps of it, haue vve in 
 the Bookcs of Genefis, lob , and the Pfdmes ? How 
 noble a Study then were it, and how worthy the lei- 
 fure of fome excellently learned j to beftow fome 
 time vpon it < Falefius the Phyfician , hath in his Sacra 
 Philo fophia done fomething in this kinde : who yet 
 might haue done better , here and there, for the ho- 
 nour of the Scriptures. I am not fo fottifh to belecue, 
 Thateuery particular is to be drawn out of Scripture: 
 tisnoneof mydoteage, that. Or that God in Scrip, 
 ture did intend , euery where , the accurateneffe of. 
 Philofophy ; or hand to be fo curious in definitions and 
 decifms. Nor fo foolifh would I be thought, as to 
 haue all Philofophy taken in pieces, and new moulded 
 by the Scriptures. Nor, that nothing fliould be de- 
 termined on, till a T o .xt confirmed it. But this, per- 
 chance , might profitably be thought vpon: That 
 where the Scriptures haue any thing in this kinde, it 
 fhould more reuerently be efteemed ; Cohesions 
 out of fcartered places, (as is done out of ^njlotle) 
 made: thefe compared, and their Refiltances obfer- 
 ued. This, furely, would amount to more , then is 
 yet thought of : and,a-6Wj name, let Schollers be fo 
 bold with K_striftotle y as to examine him vpon good 
 aflurance', by what is Truths Touch-ftone : Receiued 
 Philofophy is a moft necefiary hand-maid to the Scrip- 
 tures ; but let her no; be fet aboue her Lady , nor no 
 competition be maintained betwixt them. 
 
 Something elfe remainesto be thought of: That 
 feeing the fame God, who gaue c^iriftotle thefe good 
 
 parts. 
 
parts ; hath, in like manner,raifed vp many excellent 
 Spirits moe: whether it were not iniurious vnto 
 what is done,and a difeouragement to what might be 
 done; to haue the inuentions or obferuations of thole 
 excellent wits and great induftries, /oabalht with 
 Anftotles authoritie ; that they can haue.no credit in 
 the world , for that his Dtttates haue pre-occupated 
 all good opinion f Let it not then be thought vne- 
 quall, to examine the firfi cogitations of the old Phi - 
 lofophy, by the fecond thoughts of our more moderne 
 Artifts : for that thefamcimprouement may by this 
 meanes accrew vnto our Phyftcks, that hathaduanced 
 our Geography, our Mathematicks, and our Mechanicks. 
 And let it not be thought fo infolenr, to refufe An- 
 ftotles authoritie fingly , where his reafon is not fo 
 concluding; feeing other men haue taken the bold - 
 nefte to doe that before vs , in feuerall kinds. Some 
 haue perfe&cd, and others controld his Et hicks, by 
 the Scriptures : as Scultetus , WalUus and fome others. 
 luftin Mitrtjr fir-named the Phtlofopher, hath purpofe- 
 ly written Contra dogmata Ariftotelis ; Bajf on and Gaf- 
 fendus, (two braue men ) haue newly written point- 
 blanck again ft him : nor haue they taken away all li- 
 berty, from thofe that are to follow them. 
 
 And thus, with renewing my former proteftati- 
 on for mine owne refpe&s to ArtHotle, I conclude my 
 two Propo fit ions : which I defire may rcceiue a fa- 
 uourable conftrudlion from all ingenuous, imcaprici- 
 ous Schollers. I meant them, out of good will to pro- 
 mote learning ; to encourage and countenance future 
 vndertakings : and in fuch a cafe , a little too much 
 faying, may be thought not to haue exceeded an ho- 
 nest Rhetoncation : for I would not be thought too 
 
 earned 
 
earneftinif. The hint for all this, Iiookefrom this 
 booke: which in mine owne and fome better Judge- 
 ments; is (to fay no more)as well done, and enriched 
 with as fure and vfefull obferuations , as any in this 
 kinde. I was defired by the able Author , and fome 
 other friends; to ouer-looke the written Copy of it, 
 and to amend the Englijh here and there ; in which I 
 did not defpaireof doing fomething : for that, in my 
 yonger time, I had a little acquainted my felfe with 
 the language of the Sea. That which put me in the 
 head to inferibe it vntoyour Names (moil excellent- 
 ly learned ^Acadtrmam ) was , for that the place of 
 this Wintering , was within a minute or two, of the 
 beightb of our Cambridge. Which my prayer to God 
 is, that your Studies may make famous. 
 
 Yours X* Z. 
 
’