#%■ S."-.-„ » ■ : >; 'v • ■ >' *t»^* 3 Ly \\ • ■ > Wi ■ Si’ i, /^■4 V ■,■ '.'■•--f'-V .7s r S ,s.:2 h a a II ‘i^ma-.o. j a' I a Ji fc'iij' ^ Ji ZQJIO- 3 av A HU B . Tg C vA ; ■ -io THor/i:^L .HTAii 3HT HO , ct i A :.. a A:30 - V'f aiDOa-.:^Y0ll V3I HT H C TBi^Ct I 3^;| - -r- » V ' ^ •■ ■• 'v&V. p.-,- C I H '-T li: I vH' 3;-Y: 3.4- N! ' u 3 a U M - - k- I ' Ai .i K- T »■ v.. -t ■' ••. •’■ ir • ’■• T '- - - Kl ‘ i p: -I ■ ■ -V. - ---vV>^- ;v' ' - ' "■ <.■ ^T- ~ ''i- .• ' MUSEUM L E V E R I A N U M, CONTAINING elect specimens From the MUSEUM of the late SIR ASHTON lever, Kt. WITH descriptions in LATIN AND ENGLISH. B Y GEORGE SHAW, M. D. F. R. S. PUBLISHED BY JAMES PARKINSON, roprietor of the above collection. \ m,dcc.xcii. USEI leveSiani EXPLICATIO, -v-r/^TTrA ET LATIN A. ANGLI'^^ ^ OPERA ET STUDIO G E ORGII SHAW, M. D. R. S. S. adduntur, figure;. ELEG ANTER SCULPTAL ET COEORAT*. IMPENSIS JACOBI PARKINSON. m.dcc.xcvi. augustissimo britanniarum &c regi GEORG I o TERTIO, CELSISSIM^QUE CAROLETT^E REGINA, artium ingenuarum fautoribus, E MUSEO SUO SPECIMINA fideliter descripta ET ad IPSAM NATURAM DEPICTA SUMMA CUM OBSERVANTIA CULTUQUE D. D. D. JACOBUS PARKINSON. T O THEIR MAJEST'IES THE KING AND QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN, See. See, Sec, AS FIRST PATRONS AND SUPPORTERS OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES, THIS WORK IS BY THEIR MOST GRACIOUS PERMISSION, HUMBLY PRESENTED AND DEDICATED. B Y THEIR MAJESTIES, MOST OBLIGED AND MOST GRATEFUL SUBJECT AND SERVA N.T, JAMES PARKINSON. 1 . testimonials A U T H O R s. M r. pennant, in.his. History of Quadrupeds,. Preface, p. 8, fpeaks as follows : : I « From the matchlefs colkaion of animals, colfeaed by that public-fpirited* gentleman. Sir Afhton Lever, I had every opportunity, not only of correaing the Defcriptions of the laft edition,- but of adding feveral animals hitherto imperfeaiy known. His Mufeum is a liberal fund of inexhauftible knowledge in moft branches of natural hiftory, which, I truft, will remain an honour to his fpirlt, .as well as a permanent credit and' advantage to our country.” Mr. LATHAM, in his General Synopsis of Birds, in a note ex- planatory of his abbreviated mark, viz. Lev. Muf. fays, “ By this is meant the Mufeum’ of Sir Alhton Lever; well known to abound in the- various pro- duftions of nature and art, and in which the inquifitive mind cannot fail of receiving the utmoft fatisfadion in every department.” Ey an attentive furvey of the above two works, viz. Mr. Pennant’s Hif- tory of Quadrupeds, and Mr. Latham’s Synopfis of Birds, the extent and importance of the Leverian Colleftion will appear in the fuUeft manner, and will afford the moft convincing proof of its unrivalled fuperiority in the zoo^ logical department. report of the Committee of the Honourable house of commons. J " of' “of hIX: in:ad fee” allAe Cabinets of Curioftties both SE}jH‘SK".;t.rs.£ Articles it contains, wmui <» , ^ q^v^reian Prince was to endeavour at and he concluded with faymg, that if a » . , ^ , Twenty Years, formin- fuch a Colleftion, it could not be done in kfs than Twenty Years, nor ev?r be made fo extenfive and complete, there being many Specimens iii this, that could not be procured at any Expence. Mr JOHN CHURCH faid, that he had amufed himfelf many Years in coileating Natural Curiofities j that he had feen all the Colledions of any now in England, and that the whole of them put together, wouid not form one fo rare and valuable as that at L.eiceller-Houfe ; that the Articles there are m complete Beauty and Prefervation ; that he had taken great Pams to form an Eftimate of their Value, afeertained by the Prices he had known Ancles fell for at Public Sales, or otherwife; and that, according to^ his Calculation, the Value of the whole to be fold, is upwards of 53,000!. Sir WILLIAM HAMILTON, Knight of the moft Honourable Order of the Bath, faid, that he had feen Sir Afhton Lever’s Colledion of Curiofities very often, and having a particular Love for Natural Hiftory, he has had an Opportunity in different Journies to and from Naples, of feeing every Mufeum both Public and Private, in Holland, France, Germany, "Italy, and Sicily, and that he thinks Sir Afhton Lever’s Colleftion is, in every refpeft, taking it al- together, the firfl; Colleftion he has feen. BARON DIMSDALE faid, that he had feen the Cabinets of Curiofities at Mofeow and St Peterfburgh, and alfo thofe at Paris and Drefden, which are efttemed very curious and valuable, and that they are not altogether to be compared with Sir Afhton Lever s Colleftion. N.B. Many rare and valuable Additions have been made, MUSEUM LEVERIANUM, No. I. VULTUR MAGELLANICUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum reftum, apice aduncum. Caput (plerumque) impenne, antice nuda cute. Lingua bifida. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Vultur nlger. remigibus fecundarlis albis nigro terminam. gula nuda. Vukur Gryphus. ? Lin. Syji. Nat. p. 121 . Condor. ? Brijf. Ornith. \. p. 473- »• o I primis American* hiftori* fcrlptoribn, credendum Gt, in quibufdam orb.. S ifttas occidul partibus, miranda eft et ingens avis fpeces. .n en.num cseterorum animalinm ita lerhaliter ar,nata. ut ennes aves pr*datr.ces » Quam afpexerint,' mole et ferocitate longe longeque foperet . fidemque. (C l.ce dicere ) Lriorum noftratium phyGcorum omnlno labefaftet. Vnltnns h*c fpeces, T::ll feriptores.) nomine cognita, pueros decennes, vel enam *ta« R pru- No. I. ^ ( ^ ) proveaiores arripit, et cum ilUs longe avolat : binaeque hujufmodi, fi con._^ venerint, vaccam facilli^^rdilaniant devorantque. Dinffima haec avis fMx mir^ in Jrabicis narraticnibds de ave Roc feu Rue anfam dedifle creditun Quamvis certe valde prseter verum augeatur hujus vulturis magnitudo et ferocitas, nequa- quam tamen dubitandum eft quin vulturis alicujus Amencam fpecies, alias omnes vulturini generis facile fuperet, qu.que, occafionem nada, in ipfa animaha majora mira audacia ufque ad necem faeviat. In mufeis aliquando occurrunt fpecimma, ut putatur, remigum hujus avis j queis fane confpeftis, fi fecundum regu am no- tiffimam « ex pede Herculem" dijudicare fas fit, nullum dubium fit quin mole gigantea inter congeneres ipfa avis praepolleat. Hujufmodi penn^ ab ave in Chih fcloppeto confefta detradtas deferibuntur in Aaorum Anglicorum volumine de- cimo oftavo, pagina fexagefima prima, ubi dicitur avem albo nigroque vanatam fuifle more pic* vulgaris, (feu corvi pic* Linn*i,) caputque habuiffe crifta cornea comprefib-ereda et acuta inftrudtum. Alii qui de hac ave fcnpftrunt dicunt , or rhe Battened upright ereft, ^hich is pkced longitudinally and is double, with the two furfaces neirly approaching each other. The only birds (perhaps) yet known, in which a fimilarity of ftruaure in the creft takes rface are, the Mergus Cucullatus Lin, or Crefted Goofeander, the great Crowed Indian Pigeon, (Col. corona.a Lin.) and the lelTer Crowned Pigeon of Latham i in which birds the creft is nearly of a fimilar ftru^re, and may ftand as an example of one of the principal beauties obfervable m the tribe. There is ftill another clrcumftance to be obferved m this curious bird; viz. the very Angular formation of the feathers which lie over the tail, as well as thofe which appear on each fide the tail: thefe feathers are neither gradually leflened towards their extremities, nor rounded, which are the ufual terminations of the feathers in mofi: birds ; but they appear as if cut off tranfverfely towards tlieir ends with fcilTars. This is a mode of termination which in the language of Natural .Hiftory is called truncated. There are not wanting fome few inftances of a fimilar form in the feathers of other birds ; the inftance which moft readily occurs is that of the feathers on the neck, breaft, and Tides of the common turkey. Another example is afforded by the fhorter wing-feathers of the bird called the Haw-finch, (Loxia Coc- cothranftes Lin.) in which the tips are fomewhat obliquely truncated on each fide, fo as to refemble the figure of an ancient battle-axe. The feathers on each fide the tail are loofely webbed, or naturally difhevelled j a ftrudlure of feather which takes place in many birds, but in none more remarkably than in the genus Ardea, which contains the Heron tribe j and in the Paradifea, or bird of Paradife. There is fomething in the air and appearance of the head of the Pipra Rupicola, which feems at firfl glance to make a near ap- proach to the Gallinaceous tribe, the beak being not unlike that of a common fowl. It is from this circumftance that the bird has received the title of the Cock of the Rock; and the accurate Mr. Edwards, who has given a pretty ( 17 I good reprefentation of the head of the bird, (all that was then known,) has called it by the name of the Hoopoe-Hen. On ftri<5tly examining however the beak and other parts according to the true principles of the Linnaean arrangement, we find that the bird does not in reality belong to that tribe. It is a true Pipra j a genus in which moft of the other fpccies are fmall birds ; fo that it is as gigantic a bird in its own genus, as the Great Crowned Pigeon is in that of Columba. With refped to the habits and hiftory of this bird I believe nothing can be added to what Mr. Latham has faid in his Synopfis of birds, viz. that it principally inhabits the holes and dark caverns of rocks, &c. in which it breeds, laying two white eggs of the fize of thofe of a Pigeon : that it is a wild and timid bird, yet capable of being domefticated fo as to be kept with common poultry; and that it is principally found in the provinces of Guiana and Cayenne in South America. The female is ftrikingly different in point of colour ; being of an uniform brown ; and has a creft lefs elegant than the male. It is alfo faid that the young are at firft inclining to brown, and that there have not been wanting inftances in which the fe- male has appeared in a plumage nearly fimilar to that of the male. A cir- cumftance which has been fometimes obferved in the gallinaceous tribe. No. I. D MOS c xS J MOSCHUS GRIMMIA. CHARACTER GENERICUS nulla. Dentes Laniarh fuperiores folitarii exfertL CHARACTER SPECIFIC US^ &c. Mofchus capite fafciculo tophofo. Capra fylveftris Africana Griramu.. Antilope Grimmia^ Lin. Ray. ^mdr. 8o^ Gwsl. Syft. Nut. I. 19^*' AX U O tempore Linn^us ultimam (duodecimam nempe) editionem Syfte* O matis Namr. confcripfit, quo in genere collocaretur Mofchus Grimmia. i^ltum dubitatum eft j cumque foeminam, cornubus carentem, (fola enim oe- minea fpecimina tunc temporis in Mufea Europea advenerant) qui primus de eo differuit, defcripferit Dominus Grimme j Linnaeus igitur, fagacem fecutus Briffonium, retulit ilium ad genus Mofchi. Poftquam vero progreflu tempons penitius explorati effent charafteres, compertum eft pertinere ilium potius ad Antelai genus, in quo fane a folertiffimo PennantO: difponitur. Fatendum- quidem eft videri eum forma moribufque Mofcho affinem, et efle quafi com- tnune quoddam vinculum inter genera Cervi, Mofchi, et Antelai. Notandum / ( *9 ) eft fub multoi'umj immo plurimorum antelaorum oculis efle finiim feu ca- vitatemi fed in eorum nullis infignlus quam in Mofcho de quo jam lo- quimur. Forma eft Mofchus ekgantiffima > colore badlo fubflavefcenee, fobtus pal- Udiore. Cornua brevirSma. glabra, nigra, et modice acuta. Frond inter cor- nua adhieret fafciculus retro flexus, acuminatus, nlger, pilorum feu pouus e- tarum, nam pllia reliqui corporis longe duriores funt. Hoc optime defignatur charader fpecificus. Oculi magni. Ungute parvae, nigrae. Africam, Guineam praecipue incolit timidoque. Praeftat agUitate, modoque eft. Mofchus Grimmia. Ingenio eft miti^ Vivendi plerifque Antelais fimillimus THE A t the time when Linnaeus compofed the laft Edition of the Syftema Naturae, an uncertainty prevailed with refpeft to the proper arrange- ment of this animal } and as no other than female fpecimens had then been feen in the European Mufeums, and as the individual fpecimen mentioned by Dr. Grimm, its firft deferiber, was faid to be without horns, Linnaeus was therefore induced to place it as a fpecies of the genus Mofehus} in which he followed the example of the judicious Briflbn. The charafters of the ani- mal are now better known, and it is found to belong with greater propriety to the genus Antelope, in which it is placed by Mr. Pennant. It is to be ob- ferved however that it has ftrongly the general habit and appearance of a. Mulk, and forms as it were a conneding link between the genera of MoL chus. ( 21 ) chus, Cervus, and Antelaus. It is remarkable that in many, if not in moft fpecies of Antelope, a fort of cavity or finus exifts under the eye. This particularity takes place in a very remarkable manner in the creature at pre- fent under confideration ; and in the living animal is even more ftrikingly confpicuous than in the Antelopes themfelves. The whole animal is extremely elegant in its appearances its colour is a clear yellowifh bay ; fomewhat paler beneath. The horns are very Ihort, fmooth, black, and moderately fharp. On the forehead between the horns is a very confpicuous tuft of eredt black hairs of a ftronger nature than the reft of the body. This forms one of its moft ftriking charafters as a Ipecies; it inclines a little backwards, and has an acute termination. The eyes are large, the hoofs fmall and black. This animal is a native of Africa, and particularly of Guinea. It is of a wild, timid natures is poflefled of the greateft degree of agility, and in its general habits and manner of life refembles the generality of the Antelope tribe. D I- V ( 22 ) didelphis marsupialis? CHARACTER GENERICUS. DE»Tn, I-E.MORIS fuperiores .0 . inferiores 8 i intermediis 4 breviffimU. Laniarii longi. Mo LARES denticulati. Lingua fubciliivta. Folliculus abdominalis maiTimaruni* CHARACTER SPEC Didelphis mammis 8 intra abdomen ? Opoffum. I F I C U S, &c. ^ Z-/J2. ‘l^yjon. ASt. Angl. n. 239. Ray. ^adr. 182. C U M primo detegeretur occiduus orbis, ftupuerunt homines latiffimc ex- paniam regionem, novamque ipfius telluris faciem : nec minus mirati funt phyfici magnum animalium antea inauditorum et anomalorum numerum. Perculit illos prsecipue Opoffum, five Didelphis, pullos appropinquante periculo, intra facculum abdominalem, benigno naturte cuftodientis confilio, ad libitum re- cipere folita. Diu habebatur totum hoc genus, (quod plurimas continet fpecies) Americam folam incolere. Inveftigavit poftea phyficorum fedulitas in aliis mundi partibus animalia confimilia : in infula praecipue Java piftor Le Brun, ipfe licet Kcet fcientise naturalis parum ftudiofus, perculfus tamen rei novitate, beftiam congencrem Philandrum fideliter depinxit, cujus catulos ipfc vidit e matris fac- culo abdominal! exeuntes et circumfpeaantes. Noftris vero temporibus, con- jundo navigatorum et phllofophorum ftudio, compertus eft alter qiiafi novus orbis, animalia continens queis eadem datur capfula ad recipicndos pullos : quo- rum prtecipue memorandas funt fpecies duae Macropi, feu Kanguroo. Quinetiam csetera Nov« Hollandias quadrupedia, utcunque in aliis difFerant, in hoc tamett cum Diddphidibus aliquatenus conveniunt. Species quam rasprefentat tabula vulgaris, feu OpolTum communiter et fHox’H' difta, primo omnium detegebatur, eajteris major. Vix feli domef- ticse cedit rnagnitudine, forma craftiori. Color cinereo-fubfiavefcens. Pilus mol- lis, denfus, paululum eredus. Aures tenues, nigricantes, rotundat^, margine albo ciruftae. Cauda aliquatenus fquamofa, pilis rariffimis tegitur j prehenftlis quo- que eft j earn nempc circa quodcunque voluerit contorquere poteft Didelphis, ut fufpendat ft more multarum fimiarum. Nullam jaftare poteft pulchritudinem ; facies enim elongata eft, ore amplifllmo. Pedes unguibus acuminatis muniti funt j digiti vero interiores feu pollices pedum pofticorum, ungues, habent (ut funt fimiarum) rotundatos. Crura nigricant. Venter albet. Pars caudae fu- perior tantum non nigra. Carnibus vefcitur Didelphis,. gallinas avefque mi- nores, nec non alia animalia, more Putorii Europaei,. praedatur.. Pulli primo nati embryonibus dicuntur effe fimiles, facculumque abdomina- lem vel ipfi illico intrant, aut ibi a parente reponuntur ;• uberibus ftfe arfte affigunt, fimulque ac increverit. robur et magnitudo, iterum in lucem prodeunt deinceps latibulum non nifi periculum veriti quaerentes. ( 24 ) THE VIRGINIAN OPOSSUM. generic character. Two canine teeth in each jaw. Cutting teeth unequal in number in each jaW. Five toes on each foot: hind feet formed like a hand, with a diftind thumb. T ail very long, flender, and ufually naked. Pennant, SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Yellowifh-grey Opoffum, with blackifh rounded ears edged with white. Virginian Opoffum. Pennant, ^uadr. p. 301. Opoffum. PranJ. abridged, 1. 884. t. 13. T he difcovery of the weftern world, while it aftonifhed mankind by its vaft extent of territory, and a new face of nature in the earth itfelf, was not lefs produftive of wonder to naturalifts in the numerous and curious fpecies of animals then firft introduced to the knowledge of the European philofophers. Amongft thefe ftriking examples of fingular ftruc- ture the Opoffum formed one of the principal obje< 5 ls : an animal in wliich nature appeared to have exerted a new and unheard-of contrivance for the protection of the young ; which, inftead of being expofed during their ftate of helplefs infancy to the cafualties to which other creatures arc liable. were ( 25 ) were fecurely concealed in a pouch fituated under the body of the female. So wonderful an example of the preferving power of nature was moft juftly admired by the philofophic world; and the different fpecies of Opolfum, (for the genus is of confiderable extent,) were long regarded as the peculiar and exclufive natives of the American Continent. The refearches however of naturalifts in time difeovered that there exifted in other parts of the globe animals of a fimilar ftrudlure, and in the ifland of Java in particular, an animal which belongs to this genus was difeovered by Le Brun, the painter, who, tho’ not himfelf a fcientific naturalift, could not fail to be ftruck by a circumftance of fo much curiofity. He has accordingly deferibed an animal called the Philander, in which he obferved the young peeping out of their temporary refidence in the ventral pouch of their parent. The perfevering efforts of navigators accompanied by naturalifts have at length dicovered as it were another new world, and other animals, not lefs furprifing than the Opoffumsj and which feem in many particulars to agree in ftrudbure with thofe animals ; being like them furnifhed with an abdominal pouch for the temporary refidence of their young. Of this the two fpecies of Kanguroo are remarkable examples; and even the other quadrupeds of New Holland, tlio’ very different in the reft of their generic charafters, ftill make fomc approach to the genus Didelphis or Opoffum. The particular fpecies of Opoffum reprefented on the plate is the common or large American fpecies, or the Opoffum emphatically fo called; which was the fpecies firft difeovered, and is much larger than the reft of its genus. It is fcarce inferior in fize to a cat, but is of a thicker form. Its colour is a pale yellowifli afli or grayifh, and its fur is foft and thick, and grows Ibmcwhat ered. The ears are thin, blackifh, round, and edged with a border of white. The tail is very thinly coated with hair; and has fomewhat of a fcaly appearance : it is alfo prehenfile, or poffeffed of a powcf of coiling, like thofe of fome monkeys, round any objeft by which the ani- No. I. E mal „al plcafes to fufpend itfdf. It is a creature which has no ^ external beauty. It has a long or produced lharp face, and ^ y .outh. The feet are furnimed with ftarp claws, but *e oes o thumbs of the hind feet are flat and rounded, and have nails like thofe molt tr bt The legs am blackiflt, and the bellp white. The upper part Tf l tail is nearly bLk. It U a carnivorous animal, and preys on poultry aid L Lit bids and other creatures, in the manner of the European polecat. The youno, when firft born, are fald to refemble foetufes, and they either entl the abrominal pouch themfelves, or elfe are immediately ^aced them by the pateni animal i where they attach themfelves immoveably to teats, and when they have attained fufficient growth and ftrength, again emerges after which they occafionaUy take refuge m the fame receptace on the approach of any danger, and are carried about by the parent. PSIT- The Speehdid rsiTTA.rES sp]le:ndidits ^uh ^as the Act dir'eots Af ay i. fj()0 ty T.Tkr/ccnson Lei’en an Jfuseam ( ^7 > -.■I- PSITTACUS SPLENDIDUS. character genericus. Rostrum aduncum ; mandibula fuperiore Nares in roftri bafi. Lingua carnofa, obtufa, Integra* Pedes .fcanforii. mobili i cera inftruda. Lin. Syji, Nat, f. 139. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Piittacus macrourus fanguineus, dorfo nigro maculate, alls caudaque cyaneis. Pfictacus Pennantii. Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 91. No. 26, C Oloribus vividis adeo et varils decoravit natura numerofas pfittacorum fpc- cies, ut vix ulla arte pidoria ad vivum poffint exprimi; interdum etiam ipfe fpecies, ob nimiam inter fe affinitatem et admixturam, vix ac ne vix ac- curate diftingui. Hanc difficultatem non parum auget magna ilia difFerenaa quie inter marem et foeminam ejufdem fpeciei non raro contingit. Species jam deferibenda charafteres quoad colores gerit adeo diftinaos, ut^ ab aliis adulta et perfeda facile dignofei queat. In quibufdam tamen fpeciminibus, quae forte ad maturitatem non pervenerint, vel fexus font foeminei, tanta eft plumarum diverfitas ut in dubio hacreant phyfici quam ad fpeciem debeant xeferri, • E 2 C ^-8 ) Pfittacus hlc formofus pkrofque fui generis antecedit pulchritudine et colo- rum fplendore. Ad fpecies macrouras I'eu longicaudas pertinct, et inter pfittacos vulgo Lories didos numerandus eft. Color ejus generalis eftvivide fanguineus, corporis parte inferiore paulum pallidiore. Penn* dorfi nigr* funt, rubro cind*. Humeri, feu tedrices minores lucide coerulei. Verfus mediam alarum partem color cceruleus magis cyaneus eft, non fine vii'ore aliquo obfcuriore. Super axillas color pennarum niger in maculam tranfverfam nigram, apicibus acumi- natis difcurrit. Cauda praelonga ad imum eft cuneatior. Redrices duse inter- medi* virore tind* funt, reliqu* pulcherrime cyane*, marginibus lucidioribus, Uropygium fanguinei eft ruboris. Crura pedefque nigricant. Roftrum albi- cans fubflavefcit, baft plumbea. Ab utraque parte maxill* inferioris macula eft lucide ccerulea j quo fane ftgno fpecies ipfa poffit dignofci ; in omnibus enim mihi hadlenus vifis dare femper extitit. Formofa li*c avis Nov* Hollandi* eft incola, et a Lathamio in Synopft fua avium, nomine Pfittaci Pennantii, in honorem celeberrimi Domini Pen- nant, diftinguitur. Cum tamen nomina ut dicuntur, trivialiay ad ipftus animalis quod defcribitur vel colorem, vel mores et habitus, aliqua ex parte, quamvis fepe forfan remotius, debeant referri, potius mihi vifum eft avem novo nomine defignare. Pftttacum igitur J;plendidum apellavi. THE ( 29 ) THE SPLENDID PARROT. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill hooked. Upper mandible moveable. Nostrils round, placed in the bafe of the bill. Tongue flelhy, broad, blunt at the end. Legs Ihort. Toes formed for climbing; viz. two toes forward, 'and two backward. SPECIFIC CFIARACTER, &c. Long-tailed fanguine-red Parrot, with the back fpotted with black, the wings and tail blue. Pennantian Parrot. Lath. SympJ. Suppl. p. 6i. Splendid Parrot. Naturaliji's MifceUanyy pi. 53.. N ature has been fo profufe of her decorations in the Parrot tribe, and the number of fpecies into which Ihe has diftributed thefe birds is fo great, that it is difficult to imitate with precifion the former in paint- ing, and to diftinguifh with accuracy the latter by exadt Ipecific charadters. This difficulty is ftill further increaled by the numerous variations to which they are fubjedt, as well as by the difference which frequently takes place in the oppofite fexes of the fame bird. The prefent fpecies feems to poffels charadters as to its plumage, which in the full grown bird can never fail of difcriminating it eafily as a diftindt fpecies ; but in thofe individuals which are either not arrived at their mature age, or elfe are female birds, a very con- ( 30 ) r^erable diverficv of plumage takes place; fo great as to caft a doubt ::“c.s. a„/pr=veLu being ac a,l tUne. aecne.ei, afcerameO. This beaudfnl Parroc perhaps exceeds moft of irs rribe in Ae rlchnefs and fplendor ofks appearance. It belongs to the dmf.on of the genus hi! by the name of long-tailed Parrots. ; and ma b placed among the fpecies commonly called I^ri.s. The general cotour of the Its the ricleft fangulne red. fomewhat lighter on the under par, of the body, le flers on the back are bUck. edged with red. The Ihoulder parts or coverts of the wings are of a molt elegant lucid blue, which towards t e middle of the wing becomes fomewhat darker, and accompanied by a tinge Tf gtel Juft above the axil,* or inferior bend of the wings the black runs out on each fide into a broadill.- fpot with (harpened extremities T he tail is very long and cuneated: the two middle feathers tinged with vreen. the reft a rich deep blue, the edges being more vivid than the other parts. The rump is of the fame fanguine red with the reft of the bin. The legs and claws are black or nearly fo. The beak of a whialh yellow, "lead coloured at the bafe, and on each fide of the under mandible is a patch of feathers of a very rich lucid blue, which feeiiM to be one of the mod diftinguilhed marks of the fpecies. fince in all which I have yet feen Uoc Kppn iiniformlv confpicuous. This curious bird is a native of New Holland, and has been named by Mr. Latham the Pennantian Parrot, in honour of the clebrated Mr. Pennant; but as trivial names Ihould if polTible always be contrived in fuch a manner as to convey fome idea, (even tho’ an indiftind one,) of the fubjed itfelf, I have therefore thought it more advifeable to give a name which might in fome degree point out the beauty of the bird, and have accordingly called it Pfittacus fplendidus. CER- ffrr' SllilP® ‘mmf/r, mMm^m. 'J/.hu /• '////:///;.: rt\Vk^\iH^' ^ImM Hill liiili IK Tjiii;k >1-3. IK ( 31 ) CERVUS ALCES. CHARACTER GENERICUS. CoRN’UA folida, tenera, corio hirto tefta apiceque crefcentia, denudata, annua. Dentes Primores inferiores 8. Laniarii nulli (interdum folitarii fuperius.) Z-w- CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Cervus cornibus acauUbus paliuatis caruncula gutturali. Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. 92. ^ Plin. Ilijl. Nat. 8. c. 15. Cervus cornibus ab imo ad fummum palmatis. BriJJ'. Regn. Anim, p. 93. n. 9. I NTER cervos maximus eft Alcesj eft enim illi moles pene equina. Ve- teris fimul et novi orbis eft incola \ at in ^ America et Afise partibus fri* gidioribus> amplior eft quam in Europa. Ab aliis fui generis praecipue dif- tinguitur cornuum figura menfuraque, quae a ftipitc leu baft breviflima illico latiffime expanduntur, excurruntque in plurimos ramulos extrinfecus acuminatos, qui junioribus pauciores funt quam adultis. Alces frigidiffimas regiones inco- lere voluit natura. In nullis Europae regionibus confpicitur nifi feptentrionalibus, ct praecipue Boreali Suecia. Norunt ilium Americani nomine Meo/e. Plerique phyfici peramplum et cramfllmurn labium fuperius illi tribuunt: in hoc tamen ipfb Ipecimine a fbptentrionali Suecia nuper delato, quodque pulcherrimum limul ac perfeftiflimum eft habitum, nihil hujufmodi videre eft. Leftorem admonitum velim figuram Alces in Buffoni hiftoria prave efle effidam. Multo accuratius hoc animal repraefemat Pennantius in Zoologia Ardica. Alces ( 3 ^ ) V, :r. fnaam fc dare conatur, corruit in- • Airps fiibito excitatus, cum pnmum m tugam .e,.au.;vau. ™on. feu a folo metu accidat, ut m equis fuperftidoni anili difficile eft dicere. Res .amen ipfa non deneganda :: Mus mo*i a .ipfo depeUeee. ungulo aureiTi fuain fric^indo. Pilo induitur Alces infigniter craffo, firmo et elaftico. GrelTu plerumque incedit (ut phyfici folertis verbis utar,) alto fed laxo, more fuccu atoris. qui fane illi inceffus ob crurum longitudinem non male conventt. Corpus Lve eft, obefum, et validum r collo admodum curto, ptloque rode m den- fam et fubereaam quaf. jubam affurgente. Color gencralts eft cnereo-fufcus obfcurior. Alces laceffitus, defendere fe folet pedibus anterionbus vtolcn,er feriendo, in quo fane pugnte genere adeo eft. peritus. ut canem tmmo lupum interdum unico ifta pofflt occidere. Caro ejus numment. f.mul e faporis plena, frigidiorem orbem incolentibus inter cbos eft pr.mar.os et dcleaabiles. Alferunt Americani cervum qui inter varietates eft hujus fpeciei, ferinam pratbere longe prseftanf.ffimam : nafufque ejus prtec.pue mter lauufflmas eorum delicias memoratur. Lingua quoque in preno eft. Cum igitur caro adeo prtecellat, per campos nivofaque orbis ara.ci deferta exquiritur Alces, plagifque et omnigena fraude in perniciem illius confpiratur. Fit etiam non raro ut a lupis et urfis occidatur. Animal eft Alces mite et innocuum. vaftas aonte frigid® fylvas incolens, ubi arborum ramulos et vir- guka depafcitur. Notandum eft vafta ilia cornua, in Hibernia aliifque Europae partibus e terra eftbfla, qusque cornua efle Alces opinati funt plures phyfici, ft atten- tius infpiciantur, ab illis et figura et menfura plurimum diftare, five fit Alces Europaeus, five Americanus. Hanc igitur fententiam hodierni jure refpuerunt. II ( 33 ) THE ELK. GENERIC CHARACTER. Horns upright, folid, branched, annually deciduous. Eight cutting teeth in the lower jaw j none in tlie upper. Pennant. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Deer with nearly ftemlefs palmated horns, and commonly a guttural caruncle. Elk. Pennant, ^adr. 93. 1 / Elan Buff. la. 79. tab. 7, 8, T H E Elk is the largeft Ipecies of the Deer kind, and is in fize but little inferior to a horfe. It is common to both continents, but in America and fome of the coldeft parts of Afia it attains to a ftill larger fize than in Europe. Its principal mark of diftinftion from the other fpe- cies of its genus is the fliape or manner of growth of the horns, which from a very fhort ftem or lower part immediately expand into a great width, and run into feveral fharp-pointed procefles externally. The number of thefe procefles differs according to the age of the animal, and is molt confiderable in thofe of advanced life. It is an animal peculiarly adapted by nature to cold climates. In Europe it is found in the northern regions, and more particularly in the northern parts of Sweden. In America it is known by the name of the Moofe-Decr. Moll authors in their defcriptions ot the No. I. F Flk, ( 34 ) Elk. mcuion *e great ‘'idThTch was laKirbrouglu however from ^ ‘ uncommon pcrfcaion and over from Sweden, a ^ beamy, no W”™ ^jftory of the Count de Buffon is tht' m Iviy to juff idea of the anim., but in the Araic Zoology of • ^ -Tin-Apri nr rcDrclcnt9.tion» This animal when fuddenly difturbed, and endeavouring to make its efoape, is fometimes obferved to fall down, as if deprived for fome moments of the pol of motion. Whether this be really owing (as has fre,«ntly been ima- gined) to an epileptic fit. or whether merely arifing from fear or fud Lprife. as is fometimes the cafe in horfcs, or from what other caufe is perhaps not very eafy to determine. The fad however is fo well audienticated as to lay claim to our belief. Whatever be the caufe of the phenomenon itfelf, it has given rife to the popular fuperftition of attributing to the hoofs of the Elk a very c^reat and powerful virtue as an anti-epileptic medicine and it was once imagined that the Elk had a power of curing itfelf of its own diforder, or of preventing an approaching fit, by hatching its ear with its hoof. The hail- of the Elk is remarkable thick, ftrong, and elaftic. Its ufual mode of progreflion b (to ufe the words of an accurate naturalili) “ a high lhamblina trot,.” a pace which is the more peculiarly fuited to the creature on account Tf the remarkable length of its legs. The form of the body is thick, fiiort, and ftrong: the neck very ftiort, and rifing up behind into a fort of ftif- fened mane : the head very large, and the tail moft extremely Ihort. The general colour of the animal b a. deep iron-gray. When attacked, the Elk defends itfelf by ftriking violently forwards with his fore-feet, in the ufe of which he b fo dextrous as eafily to kill a dog, (and fometimes even a wolf) with a fingle blow, To= To the inhabitants of the colder regions the Elk furnilhes a principal and luxurious article of food. The flelh is regarded as extremely nutritive and pleafant. That of the Moofe-Deer, or American variety, is reckoned the Hneft venifon in the world, and the nofe is numbered amongft the greateft delica- cies that America affords. The tongue is alfo in great eftimation. In confe- nuence of this fuperiority of its flefh as an article of diet, it is hunted over the plains and fnowy deferts of the northern regions, and every method is devifed by which the animal may meet its deftruftion. It is alfo faid to be attacked, and not unfrequently deftroyed, by wolves and bears. It. is a mild and harmlefs animal, and is principally fupported by bronzing the boughs of trees amongft the vaft and .dreary forefts of the frozen zone. I fhould not difmifs the fubjed of the Elk without mentioning that the enor- mous foffil horns which have been fo frequently found in Ireland and otner parts of Europe, and which have generally been attributed to the Moofe or American Elk, are now no longer regarded as belonging to that animal ; ince on an accurate examination they are found to differ both in figure and pro- portion, from thofe of the Elk, whether of Europe or America. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes Primqres utiinque quatuor, approximati. Laniarii folitarii, longiores, hinc remoti. Molares obtufi. CHARACTER SPECIFIC US, See. Simia femicaudata fuh-barbata olivaceo-fulca, genis coerukis oblique ftrlatis, natibus calvis fanguineiSi lumbis violaceis. Simia Morraoru Gmel. Syjl. Nat. p. 29. Sobreier. 1. p. 65* 8^ C U M Litinseani Syftematis fynonyma, (quod fane ob opens amplitudinem vix poffit evitari,) permifeuerit fepe falfoque citaverit illuftris audlor, eo fit ut confufa fit Papionis fpecies quam in tabula depinximus, cum altera omnr- no diverfa, huic noftras licet, exceptis magnitudine vividifque coloribus^ fimil- limaj cum Simia nempe Maimone Linntei. Species de qua jam agitur, inter rariflimas fui generis merito ntimeratur: in Europam interdum invehitur, colorefque reliquis omnibus longe pulchriores for- tita eft, formamque mire peculiarem. Magnitudine interdum pedes quinque fuperat. Corpore eft firmo validoqtie, fpeciemque roboris auget quali et efferat I TiRnP ‘VIADBLIjE. SIMIA 3£0]aM0TT . IHB iAe^ dc r^. n ('V J. ruMxri/briX^i '^n«nJi6ireurn ( 37 ) pili denfitas et longitude : praefertim In partibus corporis fuperiorlbus. Ocull, quos inter exiguum eft fpatiunn, colore funt caftaneo ; decurritque ab illis fafeia lata rubri ardentiflimi, feu coccinei, et fuper apicem roftri diffunditur, quod quafi abruptum et truncatum eft, roftro fuillo non longe abfimile. Genae funt fplendide violaceo-coeruleae, fulcifque plurimis oblique duftis profunde notantur. Cetera facies ex albido fordide fubflavefeit. Super frontem aflurgit vellus acu- minatum. A mento barba acuminata fub-aurantio-flava dependet. Dentes, (quos optime exprimit figura,) validiffimi et maxi mi. Circa collum pofticum pilus multo longior eft quam in reliquo corpore, efRcitque quafi torquem ad partes anteriores decurrentem. Color imus ex olivario fulbo-flavefclt, non fine nigredine quapiam in illo artuum latere quod exterius eft, et m dbrlo. Pedlus autem venterque fere albefcunt, et fuper torquem qui in collo exftat, circaque nates, coloris violaceo-fufci veftigia quaedam cernuntur. Lumborum regio pene denudatur pilis, et coloris eft eximie violaceo-ccerulei, in laete coccineum fen- fim tranfeuntis ; rubor autem prascipuus in partibus pofticis caudam cingit brevifiimam et fere nullam. Manus pedefque interne nigricant, latifque et acu- minatis unguibus muniuntur. Ingenti eft robore Simia Mormon, diftinguiturque ferocitate magis quam manfuetudine ; quod Papionibus majoribus comnuinc eft. Africam incolit interiorem. Quamvis in carcere inclufa fedens fepe confpr- ciatur ut refert tabula, fui tamen juris uteretur communiter eodem corporis fitu q.uo ctetera quadrupedia. Notandum eft falfo fynonymorum citatione con- fundi fiepius hanc fpeciem cum Papione Sphinge Linnsi, a quo tamen lon- giflime diftat, quemque vix alium crediderim ab illo qui Papio vulgaris, dicitur. i M T II E ( 38 ) *TiTT7r^ATED BABOON. T H E V A RlEGAii^-i-' G E N E R IC CHARACTER. r::/™ Ci — ^ “ *• "“■■■ teeth or grinders. Grinders obtufe. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, SKort-.aW wme.d Baboon, bare beh-.d. with pointed nalis, and violet- coloured loins. Pimml. ^dr. p. I73' Great Baboon. MifeeU^oy. pi 48 - Variegated Baboon. -vrOM a confufion and mlfapplication of fynonyms, tvliich, m f° a work as that of the Syftema Nature of Linn^us, feems almoft - voidable, it has happened that the fpecies of Baboon ,een confounded with one really different, though very much refembhng .0 rhe fpecies alluded to is the Simla Maimon of Unnteus, which, except . iac and vivid colours, bears the higheft general refemblance to our prefent 1 This ( 39 y This very curious creature may be confidered as one of the rareft of its tribe, and is not often to be feen in Europe, It is however fometimes ob- tained, and exhibits at once the moft beautiful and lively colours of any fpe- cies yet known, and , at the fame time an appearance in the higheft degree Angular and ftriking. It is an animal of very confiderable fize, having been fometimes feen more than five feet high. Its form is uncommonly ftrong and mufcular, while the great length and thicknefs of the hair on the fuperior parts of the body Hill adds to this appearance of ftrength and vi- gour. The eyes (which are placed very clofe or near each other,) are of a deep hazel, Down tlte middle of the nofe from the eyes runs a broad band of vivid vermilion red, which diffufes itfelf over the tip of the fnout, which has a fomewhat abrupt termination, in feme degree approaching to that of a hog. The Tides of the nofe are of a very fine violaceous blue, and are very ftrongly marked by feveral deep furrows in an oblique diredlion. The re- mainder of the face is of a pale dull whitife yellow. On the top of the front the hair rifes in a very remarkable manner intb a pointed form. Beneath the chin is a pointed beard of a light orange-yellow. The teeth (as the figure well expreffes,) are moft extremely ftrong and large. Round the back of the neck the hair is much longer than on other parts, and inclines down- wards on the fore parts, fomewhat in the manner of a wreath or tippet. The general colour of the animal is an olivaceous-yellow-brown, with a caft of blackifti on the outfide of the limbs and back ; but is much lighter or almoft whitifh in front of the bodyj and on the projeding tippet of the neck and round the hips it has a (light tinge of violet-brown.. Round the region of the loins the fkin is almoft bare, and is of a moft beautiful violet- blue, which gradually alters into a vivid vermilion, which is more confpicuous ( 40 ) on ehe hinder par. where it furrounda the tail, which U extremely flrort «rd r aooaient The hands and feet are of a dulky colour mternaUy, and are furnllhed with broad but pointed claws. It is an animal of great ftrengt a^d ferocity, and. like other large Baboons, is generally diibngu.fl.ed more by thefe qualities than by thofe of docility and mtldnefs. I, is a native of the interior parts of Africa. Tho’ in a ftate of confine- ment it frequently fits in the manner reprefented .n the figure, yet .ts na ura and ufual pofture is like that of other quadrupeds. It Ihould be obfetved. that from the mifquotation of the fynonymous names of authors, .t aas ap- pened that this fpecies has been erroneoufiy defcribed and quoted as the Simia Sphinx of Unnteus . which is a fpecies widely ddferent, and .ndeed feems to be no other than the common large Baboon. P H A- I'i/iiiililiilllllllijiii ( 41 ) PHASIANUS ARGUS. CHARACTER GENERIC US. Genae cute nuda laevigata. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Phafianus luteo-fufcus, nigro punaatus, remlgibus maculis ocellanbus ovatis. Lin. Syjl. Nat. f. 27 2, Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 629. Phafianus Argus. ^Rande in hac avi habemus exemplum quid pofllt colorum con^maio, qui Xj" figillatim vifi, ob modicam et quotidianam pulchritudincm nihili habentur. Carens °Argus lauta ilia fulgidaque varietate qua pennae phafianl piai Linn^i, five aurati, fuperbiuntj rutiloque et gemmanti illius, qui communis feu Col- chicus dicitur, afpeau j jaaat tamen ekgantem quandam venuftatem, pnnci- pemque fibi inter congeneres locum, nec immerito, videtur vindicare. Color primarius languide fufco-flavefcit, maculis undulifque mnumens nigri- cantibus variatus. Ornatur alarum remigum exterius latus ferie continua ma- cularum ovatarum et ocellatarum, leviter fufcarum, cinaarumque circulo fub- nigro, qui alio albo includitur. Area feu pars media macularum, pallidior exterioris No. I. multo eft interius juxta fcapum quam exterius. Reliqua tota longitudo lateris exterioris ferie ftriarum nigricantium obliquarum notatur, maculifque plunmis G ( 42 ) r„n,„dU ejurdcm colons. La.eris interioris feu latioris pars q„* fcapo proxima. eft fufeo-Lginea, reliquom fere albet, maculifque creberrimus rotund.s n.gr,- canubus, more teft» illius nomine C,pr.ae Tigridls bene cognu«. pulcherr.me infignitur. Scapus peons albicat. Alarum penns breviores feu ad humeros pontx a longioribns jam deferiptis differunt et nequaquam taraen cedunc pnlchritudine, licet ocellis careant : fcapus enim plumbeo-cceruleus, color- que primarius clarior et lucidior elegantius variator : pars Icilicet extenor fufeo- flavefeit. fub-nigro maculata. qualiter tefta Cyprsa i interior feu latior, qux ptilcherrime ferrugineo-pallida, punais rotundis albis denfiffime confpergitur j apt- cefaue fufco-Dallefcunt labeculis nigris rotundis diftindi. Caput parfque colli fubccerulea, et p'ene denudantur plumis ; fuper genas prsecipue et circa orbicam oculorum ; male tamen (in hoc faltem fpeciminc) refpondent deferiptioni quam a Domino Edwards tranftuleiamt Linnaeus^ reli- quique. Capitis pars pofterior pennis parvulis nigncantibus kviffime videtur criftata. Dorfi et Uropygii fufeo-fiavefeunt pennse, non fine pun^is rotundis fub-nigris. Colli quoque et peftoris parti inferiori idem eft color j ftriae autem et maculae nigricantes creberrime confluunt ; quod et pennis nonnullis lateralibus obtigit. Cauda fufeo-nigrans, punftis plurimis albis rotundis interftintla, ocellis, queis ate ornantur, penitus caret. Rectrices duae intermediae, caeteras longe fu- perantes, apices habent acuminatos, reliqus rotundatos. Roftrum pedefque pallida. Infulas Indise Orientalis, Sumatram praecipue et abundanter incolit formo- fiffima hsec avis. Cum folitudinis fit cupida, timidoque ingenio, vix ac ne vix cicur evadit. In lylvis praecipue degit, et in hoc differre dicitur a congene- ribus, quod hebes inerfque diem terat, nofte vigil alacrifque j quo tempore querulam edit vocem palum.bae non abfimilem. Magnitudine Meleagridi Gal- lopavoni Linnaei fere aequalis eft Phafianus Argus, a roftri apicc ad apicem caudae circiter quinque pedes longus. T ( 43 ) the ARGUS PHEASANT. GENERIC CHARACTER, Cheeks covered with a fmooth naked fkin. Lin. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Yellowilh-brown Pheafant, fpotted with black j the wing-feathers marked by oval ocellated fpots, Argus Pheafant. ^>>>- W- P- L’Argus ou le Lucn. M- Oif. i. p- 361- Phil. ‘PranJ. vol. 55. 3* 88. HIS bird affords a remarkable inftance of the wonderful effeft of cer- A tain colours in themfelves of no peculiar brilliancy, yet in combination producing an appearance of the moft beautiful kind. Without any of Aat fplendid gaiety which Ihines in the plumage of the Golden Pheafant of China, or that rich profufion of glowing tints which adorn the male of the common Afiatic fpecies, it is yet diftinguifhed by an afpeft fo fuperior as to be juilly regarded as the moft magnificent of its tribe. ( 44 ) The general or prevailing colour is a kind of fofc ye, fnorq and undulations of a deeper or blac : yellowilli brown, varied by blackilh colour. The long web is marked throughc companied by numerous terior web is on the part next the Ihaft of a ferruginous brown, whde the remainder is of a very pale or whitilh colour, beautifully marked by a pro- digious number of round blackilh fpots, extremely relbmbling thofe on the wdl-known Ihell called the tiger- cowry. The lhaft, or midrib is whitilh. The feathers on the region of the Ihoulders differ in fome relped from the long feathers juft defcribed, and are not lefs beautiful, tho’ unadorned by the ocellated fpots j the lhafts being of a blueilh lead-colour j the ground-colour lighter and brighter, and the variegations richer and more curious j the out- ward web being yellowilh-brown, thickly fcattered with cowry-like fpots, and the inner or broader web of a beautiful pale ferruginous, very thickly fprinkled with innumerable round Ipecks of white. The tips are pale brown, with round fpots of black. The head and part of the neck are of a blueilh tinge and almoft bare of feathers: the orbits and cheeks bare, but by no means fuch as to agree with the defcription given by Edwards, and from him copied by Linnsus and others. I'he head appears very llightly crefted on the hinder part with fmall darkilli feathers. The dorfal feathers and the tail coverts are teftaceous, or pale yellowilh-brown, with round blackilh fpots. The lower part of the neck and breaft are of the fame colour, very thickly befet with confluent blackilh fpots and markings. Some of the fide feathers are alfo of this appearance. The ( 45 ) The tail has none of the eyes which fo elegantly diftingiiilh the wings. It is of a very deep brown, varied with numerous fmall round fpots. The two middle feathers are much longer than the reft, and of a Iharpened form at the extremities t the others are rounded at the tips. The beak and legs are of a pale colour. This beautiful bird is a native of the Eaft Indian iflands, and is principally found in Sumatra, where it is not uncommon. It is a bird of a retired and wild nature, and fcarce capable of being tamed or domefticated. It refides in woods, and, contrary to the nature of moft of its congeners, is fluggifh and inadtive by day, and lively during the night, when it emits a plaintive cry, fomething like the note of a wood-pigeon. Its fize is nearly equal to that of a turkey, and the whole bird from the tip of the beak to the point, of the tail is not far Ihort of five feet in length. CAPRA CHARACTER GENERICUS. Cornua concava, furfum verfa, eredta, fcabra. Dentes Primores inferiores o6to. Laniarii nujli Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. 94, CHARACTER SPECIFICU Capra cornibus carinatis arcuatis, gula barbata. Capra Angorenfis. S, &c. Lin. Syji. Nat. p. 94. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 94- Tourn. it. 2. p. 185. ■rvFFICIT vis qujEdam qu® ineft coelo regionis Gr®ci® Afiatic® Angor® Pv dia®, ut nonnullorum animalium pilus, ovium nempc, felium, ec cuni- culorum, longior, mollior, et delicatior crefcat, quam folet in reliquo orbe. Nec Hifpaniam excipiamus neceffe eft, cujus lana Angorcnfi cedit, licet alns predofior, Pr®cipue autem parit h®c regio caprum formofiffimum, qui quam- vis revera fit varietas tantum illius qui vulgaris dicitur, vellere tamen veftitur multo elegantiori, plerumque pulchcrrimi candoris, levifllma flavedmis tinaura perfufi } pilis totius corporis in cirros dependentes, fpir®que modo intortos dif- pofitis. Aures pendul®. Differunt cornua a cornubus vulgaris capri, quod fcilicet late expanfa fint et complanata. Femin® breviora longe quam maris recurvantur, nec divaricant. Supervacaneum forfan fit ledoribus in memoriam revocare, pannos nitidiflimos qui Camlets dicuntur, e Capri Angorenfis vellere confici. THE ( 47 ) THE ANGORA GOAT. GENERIC CHARACTER. Horns bending backward, and almbfl: clofe at the bale. Eight cutting teeth in the lower jaw, none in the upper. The male bearded. Pennant, SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Goat w'ith very long pendent fpiral hair. Angora Goat. Pennant, ^adr. t. 55, Buff. Hijl. Nat. 5. p. 71. t. ib, ii. T here is fomething in the climate of that part of Afiatic Turkey called Angora, which difpofes the hair of feveral quadrupeds, as the goat, the flieep, the cat, and the rabbit, to grow longer, and to become of a finer texture than in other parts of the world. The climate of Spain has alfo the fame effedl j as is fufficiently known from the fuperior finenefs of the Spanilh wool, which is ftill exceeded by that of Angora. This province however is particularly remarkable for the beautiful variety of goats which is produced there, and which, tho’ not fpecifically different from the common goat of other countries, is yet fo highly diftinguifhed by the beauty of its hair as to become an objefb of juft admiration. The Angora Goat is generally of a beau- tiful white, with the flighteft tinge imaginable of ycllowifh ; and the hair on the whole body is dilpofed in long pendent fpiral ringlets. The horns differ in their appearance from thofe of the common goat, and are of a widely ex- panded or flattened form. The ears are pendulous. The horns in the female, inftead of divaricating as in the male, turn backwards, and are much lliorter in proportion. It is needlefs to add that it is from the hair of this animal that the fineft camlets are prepared. T HE • I c A N I s LUPUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes Pri mores fuperiores 6: laterales longiores diftantes: intermedii lobati. Laniarii folitarii, incurvati. Molares 6. s. 7. (plurefve quam in reliquis.) Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. 59. Ft*‘a. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Lupus cauda incurvata. Lin. Syjl. Nat, p. 58. Lupus. G^n. ^adr. 634. Aldr. Dig. 144. Raj. ^adr. 173. T N luporum perniciem, quos non fibi folum fed et pecudibus inimicifllmos per omne aevum exofum eft humanum genus, omnigenis infidiis hucufque laboratum eft. Peculiar! fibi modo feliciter utuntur Norvegiam incolentes, Ipeciem nempe lichenis (quae lichen vulpinus Linnaei) contufam vitroque in pulverem redafto commiftam in cadavera infarciendo, quae relifta in locis ubi lupi pererrant, in ipforum damnum mortcmque ab iis devorantur : ea enim eft efurientibus voracitas ut corpora etiam non animalia in ftomachum la- trantem facile ingurgitent. Cum notilfimum fere omnibus fit quicquid ad lupi mores C A I S • X. IT I" U s • T H ]E 1'^’" €) ILl? ( 49 ) mores et hilloriam pertinet, de eo fjpeciatim diflerere fupervacaneum foret et tnoleftum. Notandum ramen eft eum, fi parvulus captus fuerit, et bene inftitu- tus, longe admodum a nativa ferocitate recedere. Hoc fatis probat fpecimen ipfiffimum unde delineata ?ft noftra figura. Hie enim lupus felici induftria et pra:ceptis Domini Lever, tantum non cicur et manfuetus evafit. PerpaucI funt qui nefeiunt ftimmam efle fimilitudinem inter lupum et canem ; nec defuere qui univerfos canes familiares e lupis primo ortos efle cenfuerint. Si huic opinion! objiciamus mores duarum fpecierum. diverfifllmos, refponderi poflit produxifle qualitates, quas in cane adeo admiramur et diii- gimus, longam a prima ttirpe feparationcm, eafque multo temporis decurfii gradatim fuilTe excultas. Utcunque I'e res habeat, minus tamen,.. fortafle valet argumentum quod plerumque profertiu-, ut fpecies probetur una efle et eadem ; a conjunftione fcilicet lupi et canis, quorum etiam hybridae interdum fuerint feecundi. Fringilla enim Carduelis, cum Fringilla Canaria faepe con- jungitur, et harum hybridae interdum pariunt pullos : nemo tamen, Carduelem et Canariam putabit ejufdcm eflTe Ipeciei,. Confitendum tamen eft inter lupum et canem tantam efle appropinquationem, ut facile ignofeatur dubitantibus an revera canis a lupo originem duxerit an non. H No. T. THE ( ) the wolf. generic character. Six cutting teeth and two canine in each jaw. Five toes before ; four behind. Long vifage. Pennant. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Pale yellowifli brown dog Wolf. Le Loup. with incurvated tail. Pennant, ^adr. 231. Pe Buffon. 7. 39- ages n-\HE rapacity and gloomy difpofition of the Wolf have in a T rendered it the averfion of mankind i and the devaftation »h,ch . occafionally commits has made it neceffanr to exert every artifice by which it may meet its deftrudion. In Norway a fingular method is frequently pra - tifed with fuccefs. A fpecies of lichen or tree-mofs (Lichen vulpinus Lm.) is pounded and mixed with powdered glafs. With this compofmon the car- cafes of animals are fluffed, and left in proper places to be difcoyered by the wolves. The indifcriminating voracity of the wolf is fuch, that w en preffed by hunger it will devour a vari^y of fubftances even not of an animal nature. Seduced by the external appearance of the carcafe^ they devour the whole, and are in confequence deftroyed. The ( 5t ) The general charader and hiftory of this animal are {p well known that a particular defeription becomes unneceflary. It imy be proper however to obferve that the ferocity fo conlpicuous in the wolf in a Hate of nature, is greatly mitigated by an early education; of which the individual Ipecimen from which the prefent figure was taken, is a remarkable inftance ; having been rendered in a great degree tame and gentle by the affiduity of the late Sir Afhton Lever. The general refemblance between the wolf and dog is fo great as to be obvious to every eye ; and it has even been fuppofed that in reality the whole race of dogs may have originated from the wolf. If it be objeded that the dif- pofition of the two Ipecies differ in the higheft poffible degree from each other, it has been anlwered that the qualities fo much admired in the dog are the refult of long reparation from the original flock, and have been gradually acquired and improved. The argument however which is ufually brought in favour of the identity of the fpecies from the circumflance of the wolf and dog breeding, and even the hybrids themfelves being produdive, may perhaps be confidered as not entirely convidive ; at leaft if we may be allowed to realbn from analogy. The goldfinch and canary-bird are well known to breed; and it is equally certain that their hybrids are occafionally produdive: yet we cannot fuppofe the canary-bird and goldfinch to conftitute the fame fpe- cies of bird. The approximation however between the wolf and dog is fo very near as ftill to leave it in fome doubt whether the latter might not really have defeended from the former. MUSEUM LEVER lANUM. No. II. SIMIA LONGIMANA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. ■j Dentes primores utrinque quatuor, approximati. Laniarii folitarii, longiores, hinc remoti. Molares obtufi. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 34. Cl. Mammalia. — Ord. Primates. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Simia ecaudata, natibus calvis,. brachiis longiffimis. Homo Ear. Lin. Mantijs. pi. 1. p. 521. Simia longimana. Schreber. 1. p. 66. S Imiarum genus, quarum formam turn exteram turn internam homini fateamur necefle eft fimillimam, tot et tarn diverlas continet Ipecies, ut univerfas plene et accurate defcribere inter ea fit quibus fcientia naturalis diu caritura eft j augetque difficultatem fortuita ipfarum fpecierum varietas. Ita fe rem habere infigne exftat exemplum in tabula. Hsc enim fimia, licet ut plurimum tota fit nigerrima, interdum tamen, ut et nunc, penitus albicat, exceptis vultu manibuf- que, quibus adhteret priftinus et genuinus color. No. II. I Vifu ( 54 ) Vifu licet deformlffima fit, et petulantia longe et traaabilior eft adepta eft. Locum habet et protervitas, kd et kudem vocantur, quasque humam genem inter veras fimias, illas nempe qu* fuperbi* font offeudiculo nimia fimihtudtoe. ■ ■ rurtaffe fabulofis quibufdam tunc temporU peregrinatoribus Linnatus, mm,um fort rf ft Sa^rm. t- bomm. :::: ef^e ■: -r r:- r!:r^;r^:rue de quaiam >o. q:r erd“nt senerf. mutaftonem. feme, nempe a Linnaeo defer, pta eft titulo lloniiyiis LciT'is* • • ■RiifFonus ut nlerumque cernitur, riigram. Speciem hanc prae Depinxit earn BufFonus, ut pieruu 4 u„,.nnm oertinaunt, cum ’^7:: V • - Tndim Orientalis partes inhabitat, Bengalam pr^cipue mtenorem. Inter- duTad humanam crefeit altitudinem : fed exftat quoque omnino confimilis, nifi quod dimidiatam attmgat procenta em. gura illuftraffe jam diximus BufFonum, faciem ha et u cam, qu o alba lateque pafta, pedea quoque fete albi. Ut verum fatear, P™* ”, poffibile exUlimo ut fit tec noftra vere diverfa a nigra, licet i affinis. ( ss ) THE LONG-ARMED GIBBON. GENERIC CHARACTER. Front teeth in each jaw 4, placed near together. Canine Teeth folitary, longer than the others, diftant from the remain- ing teeth, or grinders. &? / Grinders obtufe. y ej SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c.- Tail-lefs Ape, bare behind, with extremely long arms. Grand Gibbon,, and Petit Gibbon. Buffort. t. 14. p. 92. /. 2 3. Long-armed Ape. Pennant. Hiji, ^ladr. p, 170. T he genus Simia, fb nearly allied in external appearance, as well as in- ternal conformation, to that of Homo, contains fo great a number of fpecies, that a complete and accurate defcription of the whole tribe is yet amongft the defiderata of fciencej and the difficulty of obtaining it is. ftill increafed by the great variety to which the fpecies are fometimes fubjeft. Of this the animal figured' on the annexed plate is a remarkable inftancci which, tho" generally of a uniform black, is fometimes, as in the fpecimcn here reprelented, found entirely of a dull white, except the face and infide of the hands, which ftill retain the original colour. Notwithftanding the apparent ferocity and deformity of its figure, -this fpecies is of a more traftable and gentle nature than moft of its tribe, and I 2 -( 56 ) •A • ' nnp of this petulant genus,) has even been (what may appear aftonimmg m behaviour. Confidered with celebrated for the decorum an mo genuine Jfes, or SimU rcfpca to the reft of ' “which airrm the pride of Mankind bjr cMcdaU, and is one o ‘ creation, too near an approach to tne , 1 u. cjun-pma Nature, has even placed the Linnatns. in his celcbratet woi c t c ^ ^ ^ anlroaL called the Orang- Mg, oi ■ ^0 much attention Man, but at that time he feems to have , a. ,0 the exaggerated ^ona o -at an.m ^ r caT' ;?d:^ by thelb authJiities Un„.us gives as a fpecies of Man the cate, beauccu y ^ Satyrus, and .He orSimia. Our prefenr fpecies has XTair c^lg^ in I Be-, -ing been once defcribed b. Linnseus under the name o( Hoino Lar. ir is figured in the natural hiftory ofthe Count ffe BOfton. • ance of a tail, and t ■ ones. This animal is a native o „ows to the height particularly of the interior parts of Bengal. It fometimes gr » of a man, but there is alfo a fmaller 7 ^'^^ Tn the lame fort, except in not growing to above half its fixe. In the fi ure 0 this fpecies given by the Count de Buffon the face is brown, a fpreadin. white beard, the feet ate alfo reptefented nearly white. Aft« allLs perhaps not impoftible that the animal here «pre ented mj be reallv a diftinft fpecies from the black one, tho’ fo very nearly allied • PSIT- ( 57 )^ PSITTACUS AUGUSTUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum aduncuin ; mandibula lliperiore mobili, cera inftrufla. Nares in rottri bafi. Lingua carnofa, obtufa, integra. Pedes fcanforii. Liu. Syjl. Nat. p. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Pfittacus Macrourus Cyaneus, roftro pedibufque nigris, orbitis bafiquc mandibulae inferioris luteis. Pfittacus Hyacinthinus. Lath. Ind, Orn. p. 84 * X TEnuftiffima hac avt Mufeum Leverianum donavit Nobillffimus Comes V Orford, nuperrime defunftus, qui etiam viventem emerat. Latuit prius phyficos fpecies incognita. Reliquis omnibus pfittacini generis videtur antecellere mole et magnificentia. De patria nihil habeo quod pro certo dicam: vix tamen dubitem hunc pfittacum cum aliis majoribus, iis fcilicet qui Macaones vocantur, Amencam Auftralem prxcipueque Brafiliam incolere. Tota avis eft eximle cyanea, nifi <1 Ipertes inferior alarum caudreque magnum validumque ;.^ n,da circum oculos coloris lunt -riuiru - — " ““ ,„™ — n-"» “■plrVoirn quod jam defcriptoua nuUum aliud in rora Europa. creditur extare. THE \ ( 59 ) THE HYACINTHINE MACCAW. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill hooked, upper mandible moveable. Nostrils round, placed in the bafe of the bill. Tongue flelhy, broad, blunt at the end. Legs Jfhort, toes formed for climbing, viz. two toes forward, and tw# backward. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Long-tailed deep-blue Maccaw, with the bill and legs black, the orbits and bafe of the lower mandible yellow. O F all the parrot tribe yet known this bird feems to be the largefl: as well as the moft auguft in its appearance. It is alfo a new Ipecies, and was unknown to naturalifts till it was introduced into the Leverian Mufeum by the late Lord Orford, who purchafcd it living. Nothing certain is known with relpe is a native of Cayenne, in 1 South America, and is not lefs remarkable for its extreme rarity, than for the fuperior fplendor of its appearance i the whole bird (except the re- miges or long wing-feathers and the tail, which are black) being of the richeft and moft vivid crimfon. The beak is orange-coloured : the head dightly crelled. the hypochondrial or £de-feathcrs are confiderably longer than the reft : the legs and feet are dufky. This bird is an undoubted non-defeript, and may be numbered amongft the moft fplendid birds of the American continent. Nothing is known of its par- ticular hiftory or m.anner of life. It was introduced to the knowledge of Eu- o ropean ( 64 ) „„ nawrallfts b, the fuccetfol diligence of Monf. D’ Orcy, and fronn a gingly communicated by Captain Woodford, the prefent figure rs copred. ' W'here fpecimens of fuch uncommon beauty and extreme rarity occur, their introdualon into thia work can furely require no « themfelvea may not yet be ftationed in the Levenan CoUeftion. Though diftlnguilhed at prefent by the title of Coraclas, or Roller, it muil be confelTed to belong with perhaps equal propriety to the genus Amp s. , P I P R A ( 6s ) PIPRA PARE OLA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum capite brevius, bafi fubtrigonum, Pedes grefforii. integerrimum, apice incurvum. Un. Syji. Nat. p. 338 . CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Pipra crifta fanguinea. corpore nigro, dorfo cc^rAo. ^ M^anacus crifts-tus nigcr*. - * ““ ’Bnjs, av. 4 - ?• 459 - '• 35 - /■ '• T', I P R I S, q»= «' plurimutn Fmt parvul* et minura. pecnharis P eft formic conclnnitas pulchritudoqoe colorum. Speccs quain dice namrali depteimus, phyficis diu cognira, cum relrqu.a plerdque i-ibus in America Auftrali ec calidiori praecipue quaedam magnitu- congcne- Color imus eft quafi holoferico-niger. infignitur. Dorfum amcene cceruleum. Caput crifta pulcherrime cocdnea ut et tedrices alarum minores. Roftrum ( « ) Roftrum fufcum. Irides oculorum ccerule*. Crura rub««. Femma tota, (ut perhibent) olivacea. Pip,* mlnores pler*que funt agiles et irrequiet*, moribufque ad Paros vldeotur accedere. Sylvaa prredpuc incolunr, « U«r non onrnrno gregar* coeant, amant tamen parvuUs in numens confocian. THE ( 67 ) THE BLUE-BACKED MANAKIN. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill fhorter than the head, foraewhat triangular at the bafe, bent at the tip. Feet grelibriah SPECIFIC CHARACTER, See. Black Manakin, with blue back and fcarles creft. Blue-backed Manakin. Edwards 3 /. 261. Manakin noir huppe* Buff. pL enl. 687. /. 2* T he Piprse or Manakins are in general fmall, and moft of them are remarkable for the peculiar neamefs and beauty of their appearance. The prefent fpecies has long been known to naturalifts, and is found, like molt others of its genus, in the warmer parts of South America. Its prevailing colour is a fine velvet-black. The head is ornamented by a creft of the richeft fcarlet. The back is of a beautiful pale blue: the fmaller wing- wing-coverts are alfo of this colour. The beak is brown : the irides of the eyes bright blue : the legs red. The female is faid to be entirely of an olive-colour. The birds arc reprefented of their natural fize. The fmaller Manakins arc in general of a lively, refUefs nature, and feem to approach in manners to the Pari, or Titmice. They chieHy inhabit woods, and are in fome mea- fure gregarious 5 being frequently met with in fmall flocks. r r . . & 1.J S I MI A ( ^9 ) SI MIA FEROX. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes primores utrinque quatuor, approximati. Laniarii folitarii, longiorcs, hinc remoti. Molares obtufi. Lift, Syjl. Nat. p. 34. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Simla caudata barbata nigra, barba amplinima albida, Simla Silenus. Cercopithecus barbatus niger, barba incana promifla. , Raj. ^adr. p. 158. 'pvUbitari fortaffe poflit fitne haec fpecies inter papiones potius quam inter L) fimias vere et didas numeranda. E majoribus eft fui ge- neris, canetdque fere squat modics magnitudinis. Color nigerrimus, excepta corporis parte inferiore, qus pallidior. Barba ingens et longiffima, qua tota facies circumdatur, propemodum albet. Simla eft morofi et ferocis ingenii. Indis Orientalis varias partes incolit, infulam prscipue Ceyloniam, in fylvis ut plurimum degere geftiens. In Africa etiam interior! dicitur invenin. In T» T Buffoni V ( 7 ° ) •U • ^ deoifta eft ; figura tamen, alioquin optima, ipfiffi- Uoheret cafu aliQUO mutilatam. y • .fV i-n nravos errores via, magnaque inde phyficis r:r:. mrr— Sipur^ne^Ca “ITconfuf.o. ,uod uccu„c,ue figuris « defcrip- ? .Z ,1,^ f. et iiluftratum. «ftat tamen vd adhuc magna ex parte ob- fcurum et ambiguum. • THE ( 71 ) THE L I O N - T A I L E D MONKEY. GENERIC CHARACTER. Front TEETH in each jaw 4, placed near together. Canine Teeth folitary, longer than the others, diuant frcm the remain ing teeth, or grinders. Grinders obtufe. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, See. Tailed black monkey, with very large whitilh fpreading beard. Idon-tailed baboon. Pemanf. ^adr. p. Ouanderou. P' 169. p/. 18. HISMs one of thofe fpecies which might perhaps with greater propriety be placed amongft the Baboons than amongft hdonkies ftridtly fo called. It is an animal of confiderable fize, frequently equalling that of a middle-fized .dog. Its colour is a deep black, except the under part of the body, which is of a lighter call. The beard alfo, which is moft uncommonly large and long, and which fpreads round the whole face, is nearly white. It is a fierce and untraftable fpecies. It is a native of the Eaft Indies, and is particularly found in the Ifland of Ceylpn, where it refides in woods. It is alfo faid to be found in the L 1 interior ( 72 ) . , of Africa ThU monkey has been figured in the works of the ^ interior parts of Af • extremely good in all Count de Buffon. but , ftedmen which had a :::,a* if:Xen!rofThic: ^ does not convey a proper idea of the fpecies. ■’^Y^rrSduiivrofrnfito^^^^^ "'‘■“■‘p™''* “!r fmall confufion has refulted from this caufe in the arrangement and Tnun^ltion of the different fpecies of Simi*, which with every affiftance of ;"d defcriptions is yet involved in confiderable obfcurtty. PAV ( 73 ) PAVO BICALCARATUS. CHARACTER GEN ERIC US. Caput pennis revolutis crlftatum. Penn^ uropygu elongatse, ocellatae. Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. 267. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Pavo capite fubcriftato, calcaribus binis. « Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. 268. Pavo Chinenfis. • Brijfon. av. i. p. 291. n. i. Phafianus pavonicus chinenfis. Edw. av. 67. t. 67. A V E S licet Indicas et Americanas diftinguat plerumque plumarum lau- tillliTia varietaSj nefcio tanoen an hac Ipecie revera exftet qu^piam elegantiorj quse modeftius nitens diu ct attente poffit examinari, cum colores quibus pavo qui cotntnunis dicitur, magnificentius et Iplendidius corulcatj per- ftringant quafi oculorum aciem, tremulifque hebetent fulgoribus. Color primarius languide fufco-pallet, punftis albicantibus tantum non ro- tundis crcberrime afperfus j dorlb, alisi caudaque maculas convcxas pulcherrime quafi ( 74 ) „.ar. amen«mus , ranfflme tamen hha. t^orunoem utrifque deformitas ; agilior veto fin rridallus vel femel facere vix segrCque poffitr curque .mmenfum. eftet iter ft multis in horis quafi trecentarum ulnarum fpatium repen o peraret. Ambas No. II. ( 78 ) Amb*. fpecies moribus vlvendiqu. mode conv.niupt, fruft.bufqu. et fol„s vefantur. Dentes primaries indlbres plane nullos habent, foies antem lantanos I melares Ambte etiam hec defenfienis genere utuntur, qued rebore bra- lemm hoftem centogant. Carentes enim agilitate, ara,mme .amen am. plexu aufegiendi poteftatem adimunt. Imme audader d.atur Btadypos cam L.el fe aLali alicui affixerint nullo mode pelTe avelh t fiqne ees can s te- mere laceffiverit. vix peffe fieri quin fui ipfius viue dtfpend.e pmnas luat e. inedia enecetur. Sunt enim illi lengiffimm famis parieneffl.™. M.ro pmerea „u„.; oMrtln.r eiulatus dims et infolitus, qui vel iple feras fepilTime in iigam vertere dicitur. Color didadylo ell fordide fufeus, artubus corpore nigrioribus. Trans fron- tem fupra oculos difeurrit paulum inaequaliter taenia nigra et lata. Ociili parvi hebetefque. Cauda vix vifibilis. Ungues longiffimi, maximi ; fortiores tamen c^erere videtur Bradypus tridaftylus j a quo pr^cipue difFert hic nofter quod pedes anteriores duos tantum ungues habeant, poftenores tres j cum i lus omnes tribus muniantur j quodque vellus fit mollius et tenuius. THE ( 79 ) THE TWO- TO ED SLOTH. GENERIC CHARACTER. No Cutting Teeth in either jaw. Canine Teeth obcufe, fingle, longer than the grinders, placed oppofite. ♦ Grinders five on each fide, obtule. Fore Legs much longer than the hind: Claws very long. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Sloth with two toes on the fore feet. L’Unau. Buffon. 13. />. 34. //. i. Two-toed Sloth. Tennant. Hijl. ^adr. p. 496. T he common or three-toed Sloth, the moft helplefs and deformed of all quadrupeds, is peculiar to the hotteft parts of America, and is principally found in Brafil. The fpecies here reprefented is a native of the fame parts of America, but is faid to have been alfo found, tho’ rarely, in India. In its general appearance it is fcarce lefs uncouth than the common fpecies, but is not fo extremely flow in its motions, being able, according to the Count de Buffon, to afcend and defcend from a tree Icveral times in a day ; whereas the three-toed fpecies with difficulty performs that operation in a whole day, and can fcarce crawl fome hundred yards in the fpace of many hours M 2 Both ■» i W- ■ r-:i. 11 ! ■lii: 'i'^' lif tpi 4! 'i '.i' 'S’ il*:i ( 80 ) T l^hks and manner of life, living on fruit Both fpecies agree in their genera ^ ,„d leaver. They are ,„taals are attached, they have only canine ^ .^e great mufcnlar IlrengA no other mode of defenc enable them to refift by of their fore kgs, whic t oug quadrupeds exert when fuddenly thofe ftrong J „f feftening fo forcibly on the animal furprifed, yet gives all poffibility of its efcape ; for it is affirmed which attacks them, ^ ^as faftened that nothing can mat. attack it, it would in all pro- ■ Mfi and that if a dog Ihould venmre to^at^^ ^ . bability lore hr own life by being e y may be added itr difmal cry, which ir faid to rep difgufting tone. f 1 • r i, a dufkv brown 5 fomewhat deeper on the The cciour \ f^.^Head, over each eye, runr a limbs than on the o y, ^ j f hkck The eyes are fmall and very broad and fomewhat irregular band of black. The eyes , T f -1 r,-t,rre vifibk ' the claws extremely long and lar^e, b dull: the tail fear • furniffied with T "d: "n:: : : JMeas m the common Sloth all r ^hlve ^ ^his may be added that the hair of this fpecies is not fo harfli and coarfe as that of the three-toed Sloth. PARA' \ ( 8 . ) PARADISEA A P O D A. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum capiftri plumis tomcntofis teftum. PENNiE hypochondriofum longiores. Rectrices duaj fuperiores fingulares denudatas. • Lin. Syji. Nat, f. 166. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Paradifea pennis hypochondriis corpore longioribus, reftricibus duabus intermediis longis fetaceis. „ « Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 166. Paradifea avis. Clus. exot. 360. t. 360. Manucodiata major, , Edw. av. no. t. no. P ARADISEUM vocari folitum eft hoc genus, dignum quippe putetur ob eminentem pulchritudinem quod Paradifum incolat. Speciem quam ' depinximus, praecipuam diu agnoverunt phyfici Europaei, elegantia certe nullis congeneribus cedentem, veftitu licet minus Iplendido decoretur. Magnitudine eft quafi turdi vulgaris. Color primarius pulchre nitideque fer- rut^ineus, corporis inferioribus tantum non purpureis. Frons, roftrique bafis ® cingitur ( 82 ) • -j* Virklnfpnro • ncc alius collo antico color : ca- "rZefcf tticdis longimmis fubflavis, (interdum put Havelcit. nyp kvibus, et tenellis, ut nihil fupra; " ipfis plumis fere abfcondita. In xthere tranquiUo plurims hujufmodi aves gregatim convolant, nonnulte rep"per apma Lna qpafi fluicant. papmones majores ahaque .nfeSa pLan.es. Sin increbneri. ventus de fubi.o converfus, plumarum luxur,a . - plicit^ in terrain non raro decidere dicuntur, et facillime capi. Exiftimarun. nonnuUi, ab hac avi pmer foUtun. venufta .ernm de Phcenice fabulani , cujua fortalTe fides vel nunc non ommno obfok.,., quaque, undecunque originem duxerit, nulla poetis philofoplufque magis .n- fcrvUt Cum fpccimina olim in Europam adveaa pedibus crunbufque man a elTent, incrcbuit vulgaris opinio quod avis penitus illis careats quodque per- petuo vole., nifi cum quiais cupida, ope fcaporum duorum a tergo potao Ldeuntium, ab arbore fe fufpenda.. Immo ipfe doaiffimus Gefnerus, obhtus deefle penn® vim mufculi, in eundem errorem incidlt. Indiam Onentalem, Infulas prtecipue Moluccas inhabitat pulcherrimum hoc avium genus. ( 83 ) THE GREATER PARADISE-BIRD, GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill furrounded at the bafe by velvet-like feathers, Elypochondrial feathers long and loofe. Two naked lhafts proceeding from the rump. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Ferruginous Paradife-bird, with extremely long hypochondrial feathers. Oifeau de Paradis. Buffon. pL enl. 254. Greater Bird of Paradife. Albin. 3. t, 9. Edwards, t. no. T T is from the fuperior beauty by which moft of the birds of this curious genus are diftinguilhed that they have obtained the title of Paradife-birds : the chief or principal Ipecies, here exhibited, has long been known to the naturalifts of Europe, and tho’ lefs fplendid in its colours than fome others of its genus, is perhaps fuperior to them all in point of elegance. This bird is about the fize of a thrufh j and its prevailing colour is a beautiful bright ferruginous} the lower parts of the body being deeper or in- clining more to purple than the upper. The front, all round the beak, is ornamented by golden-green velvet-like feathers, forming a fort of mafk j and the fore part of the neck is of the fame appearance. The head is yellowifli. The lower parts of the fides are decorated with long tufts of hanging feathers, generally -'•HHVi-i!' p ■ a ' Vp S'riiranr^ft ut2'yell^“l«rrhe« of a Ltae fo ...a. ao 7— — hid by the flowing plumes juft mentioned. I calm weather oreat numbers of thefe beautiful birds are feen Hying m compames. as weU as gy^ Thlo" am embarraffed by their exuberant plumage, and are faid not unfequently to faU to the ground, and are thus eafily taken. I, has been fometimes imagined that this bird, from to extraordinary beauty, „at-e rife to the celebrated fiffion of the Phoenix, of which the belief is p - Lps even yet not entirely exfma. What could have given rife to fo ex- traordinary an idea is not eafy to imagine: no fable however feems to have Z a wiLr dominion, or to have been more frequently quoted by poeu and moraliftsv Another popular error relative to the Paradife-bird is its fuppofed want of levs i for as the fpecimens which were formerly imported inra Europe were firft deprived of their legs, it became a general idea that this P“‘“ ” I" had none: that it was almoft perpetually on the wing: " rolled, it was by fufpending itfelf from the branches of trees by the lono naked lhafts which proceed ftom the lower part of the back: and the“lear„ed Gefner, forgetting that this would imply a mufcular ftruaure ,n a feather, relates the fame circumftance. Thefe birds are natives of the Ealt Indies, and are principally found about the Molucca IHands. p S I T- ( 85 ) PSITTACUS AUSTRALIS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum aduncum : mandibula fupcriorc mobili ; cera Inftru6ta. Nares in roftri bafi. Lingua carnofa, obtufa, Integra. Pedes fcanforii. Un. Syjl. Nat. p. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Pfittacus brachyurus fufcus, capite cinereo, collo antico abdomineque in- feriore rubro-ferrugineis. Piittacus Neftor. Pfittacus Meridionalis. Lath. Ind, Orn. p. no. Gmel. SyJ}. Nat. i. p. A R E A T licet hie pfittacus forma elegantiore lautioribufque coloribus quibus reliquum plerumque genus infignitur, pretium tamen ei quodam- modo facit raritas j cum ex iis fit Ipcciebus quas immenfa ilia Novas Hollan- dias infula phyficis Europaeis nuperrime fuppeditavit. Color primarius eft faturatim fufcus, collo antico, abdominifque parte pofte- riore rubro-ferrugineis j qui color in nonnullis Ipeciminibus totum etiam colliim No. II. N torque ( 8« ) ■ Capitis vertex canefclt. Dorfum. ate, caudaque rr^rre virons obrcuriorb veftigio, cut ftperinducitur cupreus :r: " Cipguptur ocurt rpatio pudo aibicaute Teu einereo. rr-^^rinta:: ... ..ata .eu upduiata videatur. ' iU:' f iH f ■ ‘ ■' ! b i ’ .THE ( 87 •) THE SOUTHERN BROWN PARROT. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill hooked. Upper mandible moveable. Nostrils round, placed in the bale of the bill. Tongue flcfliy, broad, blunt at the end. Legs lliort. Toes formed for climbing, viz. two forward, and two backward. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c> Short-tailed brown Parrot, with greyifli head, the fore part of the neck and lower part of the abdomen dull red. Southern brown Parrot. Lath. Syn, i. p. 264. T he Parrot figured on the prefent plate, tho’ lefs diftinguilhed either by beauty of colour or elegance of lhape than moft others of the genus, is yet highly important from its rarity ; being one of the Ipecies which the ample regions of New Holland have lately afforded. Its prevailing colour is a darkifh brown ; the fore part of the neck and the lower part of the abdomen are of a deep ferruginous red j and in fomc 2 fpecimens ( 88 .) ' fpccim^s the red encircles the whole neck with a narrow collar. The upper p« of the head is greyimr the back, wings, and tail cinereous brown, w,.h a call of green, and varied by a fort of coppery glofs diffufed over the ^ , 1 . 1 nv ^fh-roloured Ikin. The beak is nroft extremely large, hooked, and of a blackilh lead-colour. The legs are nearly of the fame appearance. The tips of the feathers in this fpecies are of a deeper caft than the reft of the feather, giving a fort of ftriated or undulated afpeft to the whole bird. ANAS 11 ^ ( 89 ) ANAS GALERICULATA. CHARACTER GENERICUS^ Rostrum lamellofo-dentatum, convexum obtuium. Lingua ciliata, obtufa, Lin. Syft, Nat. p. 194- CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &e. Anas crifta dependente, dorfo preffa elevata. Querquedula finenfis. Querqucdula finenfis. poftico utrinque penna recurvata com- Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 106. Brijf. av. 6. p. 450* 34 * Edw. av, 102. t. 102. T N avium genus inquirentes non diu latere poffit deelTc, ut pl^nmum 1 feminis lautam plumarum varietatem, nimiam vero fere et prodigam fui e naturam in decorandis maribus. Hoc nullibi manifeftius quam in anatum gc- nere j in ea prxcipue fpecie de qua jam loquimur. Cum enim mas pulcher- rimis coloribus infigniatur, fplendeantque iUius alae amoeniffime virides ; hujus viriditatis pauxiUum tantum in hac parte fortita eft femina ; reliqua tota infuf- catur, ftriis aliquot obfcurioribus undulata. Sinam Sinam incollt venuftiffima hfec avis, magni habita, et in principum virorum aquis hortifque fervata. In Japonia quoque confpicitur. Corpus fuperius co* lore eft faturatim fufco, pennis aliquot albo marginatis. Pedoris pars inferior abdomenque albent. Caput infignitur crifta e plumis viridibus et purpureis pulcherrime compofita. Genae albas. Collum fuperius pennis parvis rubro- luteis, lanceote ad inftar acuminatis, obtegitur ; inferius cum peftore violaceo- purpureum. Ate pars media feu fpeculum, cceruleo-viridi fulgens lucidiffimum, a parte poftica fafcia alba et tranfverfa terminatur. Corporis latera pennarum ferie fufco-pallentium, lunulis aibis nigrifque alternatim diftincftarura, ornantur : habent tamen nonnulla fpecimina lineas tenues fufcas denfe difpofitas lunulamm vice. Super humeros utrinque lunute aliquot altius impreflas. Quod autem in avi praecipue mirandum, remiges duo interiores fecundaiii feu dorfo utrinque proximi, csteris longe latiores, furgunt lateribus in longitu- dinem eredis, quafi carbafis duobus fimiles. Colore funt vivide ferrugineo, parte antica albo, poftica nigro leviter cindta. Penn^ hae piaster Iblituin ve- auftie, quas cum primo videris, adeo fitas putares ut pcrpetuo periclitarentur, nec per unius hone fpatium manerent incolumes et dntemeratas, rariflime tur- bantur et horrefcunt. Roftrum rubet. Crura pedefque aurantia. In Angliam interdum cum femina illata eft formofilTima hcec avis 5 dubito tamen an unquam noftro fub coelo foetus protulerint. ( 91 ) THE MANDARIN DUCK. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill broad and flattened; tlie edges marked with (harp lamellfe. Tongue broad aad ciliated at the edges^ SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Duck with variegated creft, and ereft compreflTed Chinefe Teal. Chinefe Duck. &c. interior remiges. Edwards, pi, i02. Lath. Syn. />• 548.. N ature in the major part of the feathered tribe feems to have lavifhed all her ornaments on the male 5 while the female, on the contrary, is often deftitute of any peculiar brilliancy of plumage, and of an appearance al- together different from that of the oppofite fex. This is no where more con- fpicuous than in the birds of the duck tribe i and the prefent fpecies in particular is a moft remarkable inftance of this diverfity of alpeft; for while the male is diftinguifhed by the beautiful colours exhibited in the annexed plate, the female is merely of a dull brown, varied with undulations of a deeper caft, and having but a flight approach towards the rich green which fhines on the wings of the male. This ( r- ) This fpecies is a native of China, where it is held in the higheft eftecm, and is kept in the ornamental waters and gardens of the principal Mandarins. It is alfo found in Japan. The general colour of this bird on the upper part of the body, is a fine deep brLn, with fome of the feathers edged with white : the lower part of the breaft a-nd belly are alfo white. The head is ornamented by a creft of the moft elegant ftruaure, confifting of a mixture of green and purple fea- drers: the checks are white: the upper part of the neck of a yellowilh red, and wvered with fmall fharp-pointed feathers : the lower part of the neck, and the breaft, are of a very fine deep violet-purple. The middle of the winces, or fpeculum, is of a moft beautiful lucid blue-green, bounded on the hind part by a tranfverfe bar of white. The fides of the body are ornamented by a feries of pale-brown feathers, marked in fome fpecimens by diftinft al- ternate crefeents of black and white, in others by fine clofe-fet lines of brown. Juft above the fiioulders on each fide are a few fimilar crefeents ftill more ftrongly marked : but the moft ftriking fingularity in this fpecies is the figure of the interior fecondary remiges, or thofe neareft the body on each fide j which are much broader than the reft, and ftand with the vanes or webs upright, in a longitudinal diredion, like a pair of fmall fails. Thefe beautiful and Angular plumes, which at firft view feem fcarce capable of bebg preferved an hour in their proper pofition, and which one would fuppofe liable from their fituation to be deranged by a thoufand accidental circumftances, are yet hardly ever feen in a difordered ftate. The beak is reddifh : the legs and feet are orange- coloured. This elegant bird is fometimes imported alive into our own country, but has rarely, (if ever,) been fo far naturalized as to breed in this climate. URSUS C 93 ) URSUS LUSCUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes Frimores fuperiores 6, Intus excavati, alterni. Inferiores 6 : la- terales i longiores lobati : fecundarii bafi interiores. Laniarii folitarii, conicL Molares 5 f. 6: primo laniariis approximato. Lin, CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Urfus cauda etongata, corpora ferrugineo, roftro fufco, fronte plagaquc laterall corporis. Urfulus lupo affinis. Urfus caftanei coloris, cauda unicolore, roftro pedlbufque mgris, Bri/f. ^adr. p. i88. G U M quadrupeds longe diverlb ob generalem quandam fimilitudinem confunditur interdum base urfi fpecies ; cuna muftela fcilicet Gulone Linnsei. Americas Septentrionalis partes frigidiores incolit, in fylvis prascipuc degerc geftiens. Magnitudine eft fere lupi minoris. Defcripfifle eum et de- pinxifle primus videtur Dominus Edwards nomine ^ickhatch, five Wolverene. - " Color JT ' • ' h f M 'i flf fh ^ if i l! No. II. O ( 94 ) Color gencralls furco-fubflavefcit, ab utraquc dorf. pane deorfum nigrior dccurrens foper lateribus fafcia paululum arcuata, qaam fubtus mnnque excipit linea angiiftior fufco-fubllava. Crura corpore nigriora. Trans frontem ducitur fafcia paUidior. Roftruro nigricat. Aures rotundata brevefquc. Cauda long!- ufciila, modice villofa. Ungues magni> valid!, uncinati. Prseda licet et rapinis vitam luftentet, non tamen adeo infatiabiliter fangui- nem fititj ut Gulo. Cum lentior incedat, animalibus infidietur necefle eft, non curfu aflequatur j morefque igitur Gulonis inter arbores latere dicitur, indeque cafu fubitaneo in prasdam deferri. THE WOLVERENE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Six cutting teeth and two canine in each jaw. Five toes before j five behind. In walking refts on the hind feet as far as the heel. Pennant, SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Ferruginous brown Bear, with a lateral band of a deeper colour, and nightly bufhy tail. The Quickhatch, or Wolverene. Edwardsy pi. 103 . T H E animal here reprefented has fometimes been confounded with a very different quadruped : viz. the Muftela Gulo of Linnsus, or Glutton ; to which it is indeed allied in general appearance, tho’ really a diftinft Ipecies. It is a native of the colder parts of North America, and refides chieffy in woods. It leems to have been firfl; deferibed and figured by Edwards, under the name of the Quickhatch, or Wolverene. Its fize is that of a fmall wolf. Its colour a tawny brown j which on each fide the back is much deeper, and fpreads downwards in a fomewhat arcuated manner manner over the Mesi and beneath thia dark ihade on each Me is a nar. rower band of light yellowiflr-brown. The legs are of a darker colour than the body Acrofs the front runs a light-coloured band. The fnout U blackilht the ears Ihort and rounded: the tail moderately long and fomewhat bulky: the claws large, ftrong, and crooked. It is of a predaceous nature, but not of that immoderately voracious dit- pofttion by which the Glutton is faid to be diftinguiflted. Its pace is rathe, now than quick; and in confequence of this it is obliged to he in ambolh for other animals, and to take them by furprife inftead of purfuing them. Like the Glutton it is faid to have a habit of lurking amongft trees, and fuddenly dropping on its prey. MYR- < 97 ) MYRMECOPHAGA JUBATA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes null!. Lingua teres, extenfilis. Os anguftatum in roftrum. Corpus pili tctbunn. Lin. Syjt. Nat. p. 51. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Myrmecophaga palmis tetradaftylis, plantis pentadaftylis, cauda jubata. T amandua-guacu. Marcgr. braj. 225. t. 225. Myrmecophaga roftri longiffimo, pedibus anticis tetradaftylis, pofticis pen- tadadylis, cauda longiflimis pilis veftita. „ ^ , ^ 6 r ^adr. 24. M Yrmecophagae a plerifque aliis quadrupedibus differunt non tantum externa fpecie, fed quod dentibus omnino carent ; quod quidem, fi folum genus Manis excipias, aliis nullis ha£tenus cognitis obtigit. Sunt tamen in cefophago ^ Myrmccophagae, teftante Domino Brouflbnet, oflicula quasdam dentibus fimilia» Infeftis folis vefcitur Myrmecophaga, formicis prascipue et onifcis ; qulbus fane miro artificio infidiatur, linguam nempe lumbriciformem et longiffimam ( 93 ) liu cxtendendo, adopertamquc opima pr^da, vifcido humore quo lingua obdu- dm cxtenden p 4 _ g ^ic depiaa, dm captiva, car- citur illaqueata, in os i fecufabat Hjec omnes congeneres nps crudas in fruftula diffeaas comedere non reculabat. na, ® ma^mtadine longc foperat; eratque forfan ipr.ir.mum fpecmen unde fig..ra h*c Tora derumpu eft. Lnium ,u* in Europa.m unquam ..lata te max, nauna. Lo.,mtudo ejus eft circiter feptem pedes. Rudls eft illi et quaf. .ncultus afeaui. Color eft fufeo-einereus . plagaque nigra lateralis ab humens u.r.n- que deeurrit. fenfim anguftata. fupraque albo ftmbriata. Roftruna longum e. ubulatum e^. Cauda pills nigris rudibus et longimntis veft.tur. Super^ruu macula exftat nigra, paulo fupra pedes fita. Pedes anno, ungu.bus va .uis ineurvis munlti funt. qui profeao Myrmeeophagam, denttbus hcet ca,en- tem, hoftem raaxime fonnidandum reddunt . f*pe enim an.malta externa fpece feipfa longe majora. vulneribus fauciata. et continua prelTura fattgata cnecat. • n PYprrnent. Nodu evagatur Myrmecophaga, et interdiu in locis fecretionbus obdormit; inceffus ejus eft lentior, morefque pigri et torpidi. the ( 99 ) THE GREAT ANT-EATER. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body covered with hair. Small mouth: long cylindric tongue. No teeth. Pennant.- S P E C f f I C CHARACTER, &c. Greyilh brown Ant-Eater, with very long fnout, extremely long bulhy tail, and a black band above the Ihoulders. Great Ant-Eater. Le Tamanoir. Pennant. Hiji. S^adr. f. 507. Buffon. 10. p. 141. pi. 29. j T H E curious genus Myrmecophaga, or Ant-Eater, is ftrikingly dif- tinguilhed from moft other quadrupeds, not only by the general lhape and appearance, but alfo by the total want of teeth ; a particularity which takes place in no other quadrupeds yet known, except thofe of the genus Manis. There are however, according to the obfervations of Monf. Brouflbnet,, certain bones not unlike teeth, fituated in the gullet or oefophagus of the Ant- Eater, The- ( 100 ) The Ant-Eaters feedfolelyon infeds, and particularly on ants and millepedes j and the manner in which they procure the infeds is ’extremely curious. The animal thrufts out its tongue, which is fhaped like a worm, and of a great length, and lays it amongft heaps of thefe creatures} and when by means of the vifcid moifture with which it is covered, it is fufficiently loaded with infedts, it then retradls it fuddehly, and fwallbws them. In a ftate of captivity the fpecies here reprefented has been known to feed on raw meat, cut very fmall. This fpecies far exceeds in fize all the reft of its genus, and the fpecimen from which this figure was taken is perhaps the largeft ever brought into Europe. I Its length is upwards of feven feet. It is an animal of an aukward and uncouth appearance. Its colour is a dai'k grey} a very broad band of black, running from the neck downwards on each fide the body, and growing gradually narrower as it paffes down. This black band is accompanied on the upper part by a ftreak of white. The fnout is very long and tubular. The tail is black, and is furniftied with coarfe hair of a very great length. On each of the fore-legs is alfo a patch of black a little above the feet. The fore-feet are armed with extremely ftrong and crooked claws, which render this creature, tho’ deftitute of teeth, a very formidable adverfary, fince it has -been known to deftroy animals of much greater apparent ftrength than itfelf} and fixing its claws upon them, exerts fuch powerful force as to kill them by laceration and continued preflure. It is a nofturnal animal, and is faid to deep during the day in retired places. Its pace is fomewhat flow, and its manners heavy and ftupid. ( lOI ) MUSEUM LEVERIANUM. No. III. PHASIANUS CURVIROSTRIS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Gen.® cute nuda laevigata. Lin. Syji. Nat. p. 270. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Phafianus cupreo-purpureus, viridi-nitens, corpore fubtus nigricante, capitc criftato, roftro elongato. Phafianus Impejanus. Lath. Ind, Orn. p. N O N nifi intra paucos annos Europaeis innotuit Phafianus curviroftris, feu Impeyanus. Plumis decoratur mirum in modum fulgidis et venuftis. Dorfum alaeque lucide purpureo-nigricant viridi cupreoque verficolora. Quae in collo plumse, anguftae et acuminatse, nitidiflTime funt cupreo-ferruginese. Cin- guntur oculorum orbitae cute nuda caeruleo-virefcente. Cauda fulvo-ferruginea, apiccm rotundata. Corporis inferiora fufco-nigra. AlTurgit crifta infigniter de- No. III. P cora. c ^02 ) ccnfans c plurimis parvis er ereaU fcapU. quorum apices fmguil rela feu plumaca oLa e. acuminara. capiri colloque coucolor. termmanrur. Roftri fmgularis fbrruarlo: nrandWa enim fuperior maguopere cunrara, longe uto infcriorem errcurrir: quod nefcio an cafu porius evemre furp.carer. quam n- er neroetuum. ni in omnibus qua: exammivi fpeciminibus ita fe rCnftalte'r haberet. Nomen igitur trivialc mrvir,Jtri‘ iorA:uison.£^ver/an.MiJseu/fi ■ ( lOJ ) THE I M P E Y A N PHEASANT. GENERIC CHARACTER. Cheeks covered with a fmooth naked fkin. Un. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. I Blackifh-purple Pheafant, with a changeable luftre of green and copper- colour, the body black beneath, the head crefted, the beak long and crooked. Impeyan Pheafant. Lath. SynopJ. Suppl. p. 208 , T he Phafianus curviroftris, or Impeyan Pheafant, is a Ipecies known only within thefe few years. It is a bird of uncommon beauty and luftre of plumage : the general colour of the wings and back is a rich, glofly, blackifh purple, varied with changeable hues of green and copper-colour. The feathers on the neck are of a narrow and fharpened form, and of a very bright copper-ferruginous. The orbits of the eyes are furrounded with a naked fkin of a blueilh-green tinge : the tail is of a bright bay or ferruginous colour, and is rounded at the end : the under parts of the body are of a dull black. The top of the head is ornamented by a creft of Angularly beautiful ftrudlure, confilting of a great many Imall, upright, nearly naked fhafts, eacJi terminated by an oval lharp-pointed web or feathered part, of the fame bril- liant appearance with the reft of the head and neck. P 2 The f rfl i»'! I.’ iflili V hV'h' ( 104 > Th= beak is of a fingolar form, rhe vpper mandible being conMerab^ro- lon^red over the lower, and extremely, curved, ft might be fufpe e ^t at t is was°an accidental circumftance i but as it takes place equally m all the fpec, mens 1 have yet fen, I imagine it to be the proper and conftant form of the beak.. It therefore affords a very good mark of diftiaftion, and the Latin mv.al or common name is taken from thence. Its Englilh name of Impeyan Phea ant „nty be ftiU retained with great propriety, , f.nce it was foil rntroduced to = of natoralifts by the Lady of Sir Elijah Impey, who brought feveral fpecimens from India. The fixe of this curious bird is at leaft equal to that of a common fowl,. The female is fmaUer than the male, and is principally of a brown colour, varied with marks and undulations of a deeper and lighter caff i the longer „„ featiters are alfo black in the female, the fecondary ones barred with Lk and ferruginous : the tail extremely Ihort, and coloured like the reft of the bird 1 and the legs, inftead of fpurs, as in the male, are only furnilhcd with a tL or tubercle. The Impeyan Pheafant is chiefly found m the northern. parts of Hindoftan, ( loS ) CAPRA IBEX. CHARACTER GENERICUS.. Cornua concava, furfum verfa, erefla, fcabra. Dentes Primores inferiores o£to, Laniarii nulU. Lin. Syji. Nat. p. 94,. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c.. Capra cornibus fupra nodofis in dorfum reclinatis. Ibex. Ge/n. ^adr. 331— Aldr. Bi/ulc. 732. JohnJi. ^adr. t. 28. Pallas Spc. Zool. ii. f. 31. t. 3, et fig. N Afcitur Ibex in variis Europse et Afise regionibus. Cordi funt ei nipes locaque montofa, nec alicubi cernitur. Ab hoc ortas efle omnes caprre vulgaris feu domefticas varietates nonnullis phyficis perfuafum eft. Maxima ejus eft copia in infula Creta j generatur etiam in Corfica. Magnitudine capram vulgarem fuperat. Color generalis eft cinereo-fufcus, ini nonnullis Ipeciminibus ferrugineo leviter tinftus. Corporis inferiora ex albido ‘ fubflavefcunt. Crura plerumque nigris maculis interfperfa. Per dorfi longitu- dincm decurrit linea perpetua. Caput vafta gerit cornua, quorum pars fuperior pro-i I ’U!i h Opus fubire laboris et perlculi plenum dicuntur venatores, quos, cum ad vkte difcrimen ventum fit, fallere fepe et efFugere folet Ibex, prscipicem fe de monte in cornua dando, et a terra ftatim, nurla accepta injuiia, refiliendo. rr s T JB X jsr o c fc ( 107 ) THE STEINBOCK. GENERIC CHARACTER. Horns bending backward, and almoft clofe at the bale. Eight CUTTING TEETH in the lower jaw, none in the upper. The male commonly bearded. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Dark-brown Goat, with large knotted horns reclining backwards. The Ibex. Penn. Hijl, ^adr. p. 49. T he Ibex, or Steinbock, which fomc naturalifts have confidered as the original or (lock, from whence the feveral varieties of the common or domeftic Goats have proceeded, is a native of feveral parts of Europe and Afia, but is conftantly found in rocky and mountainous regions. It abounds in the ifland of Crete, and is allb found in Corfica. In fize it is fuperior to the common goat. Its general colour is a dark cinereous brown, (lightly tinged in fome individuals with ferruginous : the under parts of the body are of a dull yellowilh white. On the legs are often fecn marks or patches of black : along the back runs a continued ftiipe of black. The horns arc Of. enormous fize, and are marked on the upper fide by large femi- femlcircular prominences or tubercles: they are curved backwards, and terminate in a (harp extremity : the throat is commonly bearde . It is an animal of great ftrength and fwifmefs, and is capable of leaping to like the common goat, is often feen to hang on a fuprifing diftance t an , inhabits. The horns the brinks of preciprces. amongft the lolly cr „ of the female arc far fmaUer than thofe of the male. The chafe of this animal is faid to be an exercife of conftdemble dan^r, as wll as fatigue, and it is faid. that when clofely prelTed. the an.mal h. a praa ce of lowing itfelf down a precipice, and lighting on .. horns, wrth- out living the leaft injury, and by this means often efcapes tts purfuers. \ MUS- ( 109 ) MUSTELA LUTRIS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes Primores fuperiores fex, erefti, acutiores, diftindli. Inferiores fex, obtufiores, confetti: duo Interiores. Eincua Isevis. Lin. Syji. Nat. p. 66 . CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Muftela plantis palmatis pilofis, cauda corpore quadniplo breviore. Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. 66 . Lutra marina. Steller. Nov. Comment. Petrop. tom. i. p. 367. t. 26. Erxl. Mamm. p. 441;. Schreb. Ill, p. 465. t. 128. T Utrarum aliae fpecies fluvios, ali:E maria incolunt. Cernere eft in his fub- ^ obfcura externas cujufdam fimilitudinis cum pifcibus veftigia, qu* in Caftore manifeftior, in Phoca evidens et conij')icua, maxima autem et ccrtif- fima eft in Trichechi genere, donee in Trichecho Manato, feu illo cui cauda rotundata, quadrupedis forma jam fere deperdita, in cetariis animalibifs penitus deleatur ; his enim tanta videtur efle cum pifcibus affinitas, ut inter eos nume- rentur a plurimis qui de hiftoria naturali anciquitus conferipferint. TSio. III. Q Magni ( no ) M,gn! venduur hujufce fpeciei ^ “"lerf;. lauciffim* magaamm Turacorum et Rufflcorum. major, cujus pitas pretiofior « ddicatior. C;„ «. ™ p.«ipu- “-PPPP MpP™ P.E" P-PSP. «P" S™' 1“ rifque animalibus. Color fufco-nigricat. Longitudo, ut plunmum, paulo fupcrat quatuor pcde a nafo ad extremum caudas. the ( ■» ) • • • T • THE SEA OTTER. GENERIC CHARACTER. Six CUTTING TEETH and two canlnc in each jaw. Five TOES on each foot j each toe connected by a ftrong web. Pennant. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, See. Sable Otter with tail about four times fhorter than the body. Sea Otter. Penn. Hijl. ^adr. p. 356. T he Lutras, or Otters, of which fome fpecies inhabit frelh waters and others the fea, are remarkable for the firft or beginning approach in point of external figure amongft quadrupeds to the animals of the fiihy tribe, which is more nearly approached to by the Beaver j ftill more by the Seal, and extremely fo by the genus Trichechusj till in the Trichechus Manatus, or round-tailed Manati, the outline of a quadruped is almoft obliterated, and at length is quite loft in the Cetaceous tribe, which have fo much the general habit or appearance of filhes, that by many of the older writers on natural hiftory they have been clafied as fuch. CL2 Con- i' ..is 1 *: iirw<^ Confidered in a commercial view the prefent fpccles Is highly important, fince its fur is one of the richeft and moft valuable hitherto difcovered, and affords to the Ruffian nobility and to the Turks, a principal article of their magnificent drefs. It is however chiefly the larger variety of this fpecies whkh is moft efteemed, the fur of the one here figured being not fo ex- quifitely fine as that of the larger fort; This animal is principally found about the fliores of Kamtfchatka,. and- the intermediate iflands between Afia and America. Like the reft of its genus, it feeds on fifh, fwims with great ftrength and celerity, and is remarkable for a very ftrong attachment to its young; a particular in which not only the animals of this genus, but even thofe of the cetaceous tribe at leaft equal, if not exceed moft other animals. The colour of the Sea Otter is a very deep- blackifh-brown. Its general length from the nofc to the tip of the tail. is. fomewhat more than four feet. turdus ( 113 ) TURDUS ORPHEUS. CHARACTER G E N E R I C U S. Rostrum tereti-cultratum : mandibula fuperlore apice deflexo, emarginato. Nares nudje, fuperne membranula femitedse. Faux ciliata. Lingua lacero-emargmata.- Un. Syfi. Nat. p. 291* C H A R A C TER S P E C I F I C U S, . &c. . T Urdus plumbeo-fufcus, fubtus pallidus. I 2 n. Syji. Nat. p. 293. U». Syjl. Nat. p. a 93. Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 339. Brif. Av. 1. p. 2 Gz. n. i-j. A Ntequam detedus effet orbis occiduus, mufices palmam ab aliis avibus facile prieripuit Lufcinia, in fylvis Europaeis cantatrix omnium jucundif- fima- Mirum lane fcientiae zoologicse inlignis ilia epocha attulit incrementum, plurimaque cbmperta funt animalia quie forma fingulari omnia hadenus in ve- teri orbe confpeda longe fuperabant. Turn primum phyficis innotuerunt Di-. delphides, in folliculo abdominali catulos diu poll partum geftantes. Rana Pipa, feu Surinamenfis, quae modo prorfus contrario pullos in cellulis dorfalibus gent, , inter . ( lU ) i„„r prodigU qu. ingemora protulit nan,ra, mento hab.ba,ur. ^ Vide™, pH. gaudfo nmul « ftupore perculd iffiua ,ennpor.s phdofoph. .mmenf. mag. ”,udl„U Condoram, qu* cum ovibus currep.is avola, .mmo et.am armenta maiora perfequitur « devaftat, nec uon pereaiguum Trochdum, plunuus 7Ju mmutiorem. fuperbkntemque coloribus queas ced,, longe qu,cqu.d eft human* arris. Inter aves cahtarrices deprenfa eft mrd. fpeces fuavdoquo car. mine lufeiniae ipfi anteceUens. Notiffimum eft aves Americanas plumis verficolonbus nitidifllmas, cantu illo iucundifflmo quo fylv* prataque Europaca maxime hilarantur, ut plurimum ■ carere ; quam ,ob caufam Britannia: eleganter gratulatur poeta noftras non t Vm I 1 O Sint procul a nobis plumae quas mille colorum Sole fub occidxio fplendida turba gerit, Dum Philomela fuos folds adoperta novellis Inftituat numeros cum filet omne nemus. Canit tamen Philomela moeftum aliquod et querulum, ut duke dolentem putemus. Flet noiftem, ramoque fedens miferabile carmen Integral, et moeftis late loca queftibus implet. Vox vero avis quam nunc deferibere pergimus, fonat ardentius quiddam, clarius et alacrius j varium magis et canorum. Arbufculae plerumque infidens nocte dieque canit Turdus Orpheus, idque numeris adeo muficis et fonons ut in ftuporem plane rapiat auditores. Si orbis occidui incolls credendum fit, vincuntur longe dukes teneraeque Lufeiniae querelte potentioribus Americans cantatricis carminibus. ( )' Nec folum fua voce prjecellit miranda ha;c avis, fed vocem etiam cantu^- que aliarum plurimarum volucnim imitatur, nec non aliorum animalium, et reruna etiam domefticarum fonitus. Non lautior eft illi veftitus quam lufciniae noftr$. Color generalis eft cifie- reo feu plumbeo-tufcus, alls caudaque obfcurioribus. Pars corporis inferior propemodum albicat, ut et reftrices duas exteriores, marginibus nigris. Roftrum et crura nigricant. Tedtrices extremae, remigefque aliqui fecundani fubalbidi alam maculant. Turdum noftrum vulgarem magnitudine fere aequat Orpheus, fed elegantior eft et delicatior. Varietas hujus a\^ eft paulo minor, quas lineola alba in fu- percillis praecipue diftinguitur, quasque a nonnullis auftonbus (inter csteros a Linna:o) ut fpecies diverfa notatur. Pennantus tamen varletatem meram efle ■judicat. Interdum quoque pedore maculato confpicitur, quod forfan fiat ante- quam plumas perfedlas nadla fit. Reperitur Turdus Orpheus in omni calidiori America, in ipfis etiam nu- perrime feederatis provinciis. Sylvas humidas praecipue amat, varufque baccis vefeitur. the ( > * ■ t f ' ‘ . THE MOCKING THRUSH. generic character. Bill ftrait," obtufely carinated at top, bending a little at the point, and nightly notched near the end of the upper mandible. Nostrils oval and naked. Tongue nightly jagged at the end. Middle TOE connefted.to .the outer as far as the firft joint SPECIFIC C H A R A C T E R, &c. Thrulh of a lead-coloured-brown above, whitllli beneath. Mocking Bird. Rati. Synops. p. 64. No. 5. p. 185. No. ju Sloan. Jam. 1. 306. No. 34. Catejb. Car. i. pi. ^7. • rp H E Nightingale, fo uniformly admired as the pride of the European 1 woods, Ld fo celebrated from the earlieft ages for its fupereminent mu- fical powers, continued to bear the palm of melody from the reft of the feathered tribe till the difeovery of the weftern hemifphere. At that ftriking period the knowledge of the animal world was incrcafed in all its branches by a vaft variety of new and interefting fpecies j many of which exceeded in fingulanty of form all that the Old Continent had difplayed. The Opoftums, fo remark- able for the extraordinary manner in which they bear their young about them, long after the period of cxclufion, were then firft difeovered : the Pipa, oi" toad TURIDUS ORPHZETUS. THE MOCKl^^<& THRUSH. , 7. f"^ S2 , 6y T.^eu‘Irut^o*%,Ijr^ft*^titx ( II7 ) toad of Surinam, , \vhich ip a manner direftly oppofite, bears its young in nu- merous cells on its back, was another objedl of wonder to the naturalifts of Europe while ftiuongft birds, the prodigious fize of the Condor, which feizes and, carries off fheep, and and deftroys the larger cattle, oppofed to the diminutive race of Humming-birds, fome of, which are far lefs than fcveral infedls, and adorned with colours which no art can exprels, called forth all that admiration which philolbphic inquirers muft ever feel at new and cu- rious difcoveries in the hiftory of Nature. ■ ' or rf cb '-iui Amongft^birds polTefled of muhcal powers, a fpecies of thrulh was found to cxift, to whofe voice even the warblings of the nightingale were judged inferior. It is remarkable that many of the highly gay and brilliant birds of America, are deftitute of that pleafing po’.ver of fong w'hich gives fo peculiar a charm to the groves and fields, of Europe; and an elegant poet has beautifully exprefled the fuppofed fuperiority of our own ifiand in this refpebt. -t - “ Nor envy we the gaudy robes they lent Proud Montezuma’s realm, whofe legions cafl: A boundlefs radiance waving on the fun. While Philomel is ours; while in our fhades. Thro’ the foft filence of the liftening night The fober-fuited fongftrefs trills her lay. ” The mufic however of the nightingale has always been confidered as plain- tive. or melancholy, and fuch as conveys ideas of diftrefs. Flet nodlem, ramoque fedens, miferabile carmen^ Integrat, et moeftis late loca qiieftibus implet. Darkling fhe wails in fadly-pleafing' (trains. And melancholy mufic fills, the plains. But the notes of the bird now to be deferibed are of a livelier nature, a bolder ftrain, and of a more varied richnefs and force of tone. It fings botli ♦ - No. III. R, [jjr ( l>8 ) b, day and right, and generally feats icfelf on the top of feme fmall tree, whete ^eiL a Je ^ " tii: ‘of Zrwto havl “ended on the Weftern Continent, all the thrilling fweetnefi Itried modulations of the nightingale, muft yield to the ttanfcendent muftc of the fongfter of America. Exclunve of its own enchanting note, it pofleffes the power of imitating thofe of moll other birds t nay it even catties this ptoj^nO^ o fat . to .rnttate “he voices of various other animal,, as well as different htnds of domefttc founds. This wonderful bird is' as undiftinguilhed by any peculiar gaiety of appearance as the European nightingale. Its general colour is a pale cinereous brownt the wings and taU deeper, or more inclined to blackilh: the under p« of the boTv is neatly white, and the two exterior feathers of the tail ate of the fame colour, with dark margins; the hill and legs are black. The covert feathers of the wings are (lightly tipped with white, and fame of the ihorter or fecondaty wing-feathers are white alfo. forming a mark of that colour on the wing. It is nearly of the fize of the common or fong-thrufli, but of a more deli- cate fhape. Of this bird there b a fmaUer variety, which has a white line over each eye : this by fome authors (and amongft others by Lmnsus,.) is made a diftindl fpecics j Mr. Pennant however has regarded it merely in the light of a variety. It has alfo been feea with a fpotted bread, which probably is e date in wMch it appears before it has attained its full plumage. This bird is an inhabitant of all the warmer parts of America, and is found as far north as the united Britifli States.. It chiefly frequents moift woods>, ^ feeds principally on the different kinds of berries. STRIX. ( *^9 ) S T R I X BUBO. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum aduncunri) abfque cera. Nares pennis fetaceis recumbentibus obtedae* Caput grande : auribus oculifque magnis. Lingua bifida. Lin. Nat, p. 131. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Scrix Rufa, maculis pun6tifque nigris, fufcis> cinereifque variata. Strix capite auriculato> corpore rufo. Bubo. Bell. aVi 25. a. Gejn. av. p. 234. Aldfi orth. i. p. 502. Brijs. av. i. p. n. i. Rail Syn. p. 24. i. i' iii A VEM oftendit tabula quae a Ipecimine pulcherrlmo fimul et integerrlmo delineata eft. Tantum eft affinitatis inter hoc genus et genus Falcoy ut ftriges quafi nodlurni qnidam falcpnes non male habeahtur, et apte fatis ob- fervavit Linnaeus eandem efle inter has et illos difFerentiam> quae eft inter phalasnas- et papiliones. Dividitur genus in fpecies cornutas et cornubus ca- rentes ; illas Icilicet quibus capiti utrinque affurgunt plumae cornuum more> eafque quibus caput omnino lasve. In editione licet duodecima Syftematis Naturae Linnaei Ipecies memorentur tantum duodecim, progreffu tamen temporis id acceflit incrementi, ut jam cog- R 2 nitse m m 3 iu 'iC, « C laa )'i n nnnuadnta. Vix ulla major quam quae in Mmerentur tamum non qumquagmt .bula doplngkun. cnju. moks paululum a,u.l* c. Color generalis e tufo ‘'“‘'“S-n'”" ^oncoloribl diftinftur. ::r;;rd:: :: — ;ro ..rra ... « — . ad ipfos ungues plumata. r • • lo-T.r fnecies ; interdum tamen in locls fyl- In Anglia ranffime j Germania, et reliquis Europae partibus vofis et faxofis invemtur. In Crallia, ueni , minime rara. Cuniculos, aves, aliaque animaha pra^datur. f rfjn Gt notare genus male ominatum et ludus prxfagum Supervacaneum forfan fit notare^ ge ab omnibus fere « fib videntur Arhenienfes, btl::ir::e:xr; ral. mngno f.ore ru..i mn. iiu,n i’pfim pr.cipue fpecicm de qua jam agitur, eujus non dubno qum tune tem poris maaima ibi effec copia, cum hodie nulla fu penuria. Kotandum eft ftriges aliquot, duas ncmpe vel tres, mole et parnum pro- oroDOrtione hulc ftmlllimas. coforibus tamen longe diverfas, a nonnulhs LLs potto quam fpecies vere diftinaas haberi r fttigem fctlicet uL. I Sued Scptentrionali natam. qu. penitus albetr ftngemque F.rp- ejufdem auaoris, America Auftralis incolam, qure a noftra ave m e tantum differt, quod peaus et abdomen alba fint, ftriis .nnumens tranfverfc fufco-nigricantib.us fafciata.. the ill' ( ) THE GREAT HORNED OWL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill crooked ; without cere. Nostrils covered with briftly feathers Head large : both ears and eyes very large. Tongue bifid. Latham. 1 . SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &g. Rufous Owl variegated with fpots, marks, and fpecklings of black, brow’n,, and cinereous. Great Horned-Owl or Eagk-OwL Will. cm. p. 99. t. 12. Buff. ois. I. p. 332. 22. Lath. Syncps. 1. p. 116.. Le grand Due. Great Eared OwE !* ' T H E Ipecies of Owl here reprefented, is taken from a Ipecimen of uncommon beauty and perfeftion. The alliance between this genus and that of Falco, is extremely ftrongj and indeed owls may be confidered as a kind of nofturnal Hawks, differing, as Linnaeus moft happily oblerves, from' thofe birds in the fame manner as moths differ from butterflies j the one being chiefly nodlurnal, the other diurnal. They are divided into the horned' and. hornlefs, or thofe which have elongated plumes Handing up on eacE fide I ( ) nde the head in the manner of horns, and thofe which have the head per- feftly fmooth. In the twelfth Such‘howev«“have’ been tl rapid "‘“o“^ro,:;«nce that penod. that the number of fpecies at pre- lent known is not far Ihort of fifty. r ■ rhe orefent is perhaps the largeftt being not far inferior r Cg nem SL is rtVous'^or ferruginous. beaut'My varied wi* to an eagle. Its ge ^^rkinf^s of brown, black, and cinereous; to- ,„ger and fmaUer fpots and It getherwith hue. according to various circumfiances is alfo found of > /i"?" , bright reddilh-orange : the beak ef age and health. h ^^^bed. black: the claws are alfo blacR, the legs are feathered to the daws themfelves. , . r • -c Kiir rarelv feen : It is however fomedmes found, In England t Germany, and many other and frequents woody and y P parts of Europe it is not uncommon. It pieys animals. It is needlefs to obferve that owls in general are “‘‘f tries as birds of ill omen, and fuperfti.iouny -fidered as -de g tv. Up the cafe in the new world as well as me o , This appp-- “ ^ Arhenians alone amongft the ancenn, Americans hold the iam p regarded feem to have been free ftom this popular prgud.ce, and to have^ the owl with veneration rather than abhorrence. conMenn bitd of Minerva. The fpecies thus venerated, teglons. « juft defctibed: it was probably extremely common .n the adjac it alfo is at tliis day. It C m ] It may not be improper to obferve, that two or three of the very large horned owls which nearly relemble this fpecies in fize and general proportion, have been confidered by fome authors rather as varieties than as really dif- tinft, though differing widely in colour i for inftance the Strix Scandiaca of Linnfeus, which is found in the northern parts of Sweden, and which is to- tally white ; and the Strix Virginiana of Linnaeus, found in North America, which differs in having the bread: and belly white, with innumerable tranfverfe bars of brown or blackifh. j CER- ■5 ;■ S! ':SV ■ijr IS'S-:,, ^ V- h ■ •:' ' i . ,i' . ( 1^4 ) CERTHIA SEMEGALENSIS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum arcuatum, tenue, fubtrigonum, acutum. : U. Eingua acuta. Peues ambulatorii. Lifi, Syjl. Hat. p. 184. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. &c. Cerchia nigro-violacea, alls caudaquc fufcU. vemce gulaque viridi-aureis, peftore coccineo viridi-aureo undulato. Gerthia mgro-violacea, vcrtice gulaque viridi-aureis, peaore coccineo. Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. 186. Brijs. av. 3. p. 660. ». 29. t. 34./. 2, Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 284. Certhia Senegalenfis violacea. Certliia Senegalenfis. E Gregie diftinguk hanc aviculam color fplendidus et varius. ticum cum laterum parte fuperiore, abdominis inferiore, et quafi holofericum. Alas caudaque fufca tinguntur levite Vertex capitis aureo-viridis, quo nihil concipi poffit fulgentius. color infra mandibulam inferiorem lucet colore minus faturo. Collutn pof- aterrimum dl fub-ferrugineo. Guttur con- Uterque roftri angulus ( 1^5 ) angulus maculam habet oblongam nigram. Pedus et abdominis pars fuperior colons funt Iplendidiflime phcenicei, ftriis numerofis tranfverfis cieruleo-viridibus und'ilati j quod oritur a coloribus mixtis pennarum, qute bafi nigricant, medio aureo-virides, apicibus phceniceis. Roftrum modice curvatum, acutum, nigrum. Pedes quoque nigri. Senegalam incolit base avicula, monftratque earn figura magnitudine naturali. No. III. S THE ( 126 ) the SENEGAL CREEPER. generic character. Bill flender, incurvated, fliarp-pomted. in fom. (harp-pointed, in othcra ciliated, in odren Tor^lccd three before and one behind, back toe large, claws hooked and long. gp£CIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Violet-black Creeper, with brown wings green, bread; fcarlet, with gold-green Senegal creeper. and tall, crown and throat gold- undulations. Lath. Synopf. i. p- 7®9* Le Souis-manga violet a poitnne rouge. Buff. oif. 5. p. 500. H 1 S bird is highly diftinguilhed by the variety and fplendor of its colours. The back of the neck, the upper part of the fides, and the lower part he abdomen are of a deep velvet-black: the wings and tail brown, wit a ht caft of ferruginous ; tlie upper part of the head of the moft pem den-c^reen that can be conceived : the throat the I'ame, but on t e par nediltely beneath the lower mandible fomewhat more obfeure than fides. At each corner of the beak is an oblong patch of black. The breaft and upper part of the belly are of the moft vivid crimfon,. undulated tranf- verfely with numerous blueifh-green ftreaks : this undulated appearance on the breaft is owing to the feathers being tipped with crimfon, while the middle is green-gold, and the bafe nearly black. The beak is moderately curved, ftiarp and black : the legs are alfo black. It is a native of. Senegal. The figure reprefents it of its natural fize. S 2 T R O- ( 128 ) trochilus o R N A T U S. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum fubulato-filiforme aplce tubulato, capite longlus : Mandibula fupe- rior vaginans inferiorem. Lingua filiformis, fills duobus coalitls tubulofa. Pedes ambulatorii. Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. 189 . CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, See. Trochilus redlroftrls fufeus, crlfta rufa, gula vlrldl-aurea, pennls colli utrin- que elongatls. Trochilus ornatus. Lath. hd. Orn. p. 318 . Gmel. Syjl. Nat. p. 497- T Rochilorum genus, mlnutlffimum, pulcherrlmum, nltldlfilmum, In America folummodo nafcltur i calldlorl praeclpue, perpauca enlm funt In contra- rium exempla. Vlvldum 1111s eft Ingenlym, mlraque alarum pernlcltas; tanta prseterea colorum fulgentlfllmorum corufcatlo, ut dlgnlor fit quae cum metal- lorum polltlffimorum, gemmarumque pretlofiffimarum nltore, potlus quam cum allarum avium fplendldlflimo veftltu poffit compararl : nec enlm fapphlrlnas cedit aut fmaragdlnte lucl, aut aureo chryfollthl Iplendorl. Cavendum ( 1^9 ) \ Cavendum tamen eft putemus lautiim himc ornatum univerfo generi com- munem : funt enim nonnullas fpecies tantiim non obfcurs, virore quodam fub- aureo fufco-purpureas alas dorfumque leviter perfufas. Cum numerofiflimum fit genus, quo facilius diftinguantur fpecies, vifum eft illud in duas divifiones dilponere, quas fcilicet vocarunt phyfici curvirojlres et reSfiroJlres. In pofteriore militat fpecies quam jam defcripfimus. Rarifilma eft, Cayenamque inhabitat. I Magnitudine trochilum qui colulris dicitur fere tequat, provinciis nuperrimc fcederatis notifllmum ; coloribus autem longe differt. Corporis enim fuperiora aureo-viridia, inferiora, excepta gula, fubfufca. Abdominis ima parte gradatim albicante. Erigitur crifta magna, paululum comprefifa, la;re ferrugineo-rubra, quafi e ferico mollifiimo confedta. Alarum remiges caudaquc cupreo-fufca. Uropygium albet. Utrinque a collo extant torquis more pennas plures long* rubro-ferruginetc, fingulfe apice expanfo terminatai aiireo-viridi, quas dicitur avis vel erigere vel deprimere polTe ad libitum. Gula aureo-viret, interdum tamen in fufcum verficolor. Roftrum pedefque nigricant. T II E C UO ) THE RUFF-NECKED H U M M I N G - B I R H generic character.. Bl.l flender and weak ; in fome ftrait, in others incurvatedi, Kostrils minute.. ToxGLE.very long, formed of two conjoined cylindric. tubes j, miffile, Toes three forward, one backward.. Tail confiding of ten feathers,. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Stiaic-bHled brown Humming-Bird, with. ferruginous creft,. gold-green . throat„. and elongated neck-feathers on each fide.. T lifted. necked Humming-bird, L’Oifcau-mouche, dit le Hupecol dt Cayenne.. Latk Synops. p. PL Enl. 640. /..J,- T he brilliant and lively race of Humming-Birds, fo remarkable at once for their beautiful colours and diminutive fize, are the peculiar natives of the American continent, and,, with very few exceptions, are principally found in the hotted parts of America. Their vivacity, iwiftnefs, and fingular ap- pearance unite in rendering them the admiration of mankind; while their colours are fo radiant, that it is not by comparing them with the analogous hues of other birds that we are enabled to explain with propriety their peculiar appearance, but by the more exalted brilliancy of polilhed metals and precious ftones : ( UI ) ftones : the ruby, the garnet, the fapphire, the emerald, the topaz, and poll- filed gold being conlidered as the moft proper objefts -of elucidation. It is not Iiowever to be imagined that all the fpedes of humming-birds are thus decorated : fome are even obfeure in their colours, and inftead of the prevailing fplendor of the major part -of the genus, exhibit only a faint appearance of a golden-green tinge, (lightly diffuled over the brown or purplifh •colour of the back and -wings. The genus is of a very great extent, and in order that the fpecies may with greater readinefs be diflinguifiied, it has been found .necelTary to divide them into two fedrions, viz. the curve-billed and the ftrait-billed. It is under the latter of thefe divifions that we mufl: rank the fpecies here reprefented, which is one of the rarefi; of tlie whole tribe, and is a native of Cayenne, In fize it is nearly equal to tlie Trochilus Colubris, or common red-throated humming-bird, fo often feen in the united Britifli dates, but its colours are far different. The upper parts of the body are green-gold : the under parts, except the throat, are brownilh, gradually becoming white on the lower part of tlie abdomen the head is ornamented with a large upright, and fomewhat comprefTcd creft, of a delicate filky appearance, and of the richeft ferruginous or reddifh colour. The long wing- feathers and tail are of a coppery brown ; the rump white. On each fide the neck are fituated feveral long feathers ftanding out in the manner of a ruff, which give a moft fingularly beautiful afped to this fpecies : thefe feathers are of a reddifh brown, each terminated by a golden- green expanded tip, and the bird is faid to have the power of raifing or de- prefling them at pleafure. The throat is golden-green, which, in particular lights, changes into brown : the bill and legs are blackilh. PHOE- PHOENICOPTERUS RUBER. CHARACTER G E N E R I C U S. Rostrum dcnudatum, infraao-incurvatum, denticulatum. Nares lineares. Pedes palraati, tetradaayli. ^ CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Phoenicopterus ruber, remiglbus nigris. Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. ajo. Phcenicopterus. Bell. av. 299. Gejn. av. 688. Aldr, orn. p. 319* BFUl^ 360. t. 60. I fas fit putemus Naturam decorum ilium partlum confenfum congruentiam- > que, quibus pleraque gaudent animalia, confulto preterite, hoc certe Phce- nicoptero accidit, cujus collum et crura enormi adeo et monftrofa funt longi- tudlne ut promptum habilemque avis geftum et inceffum aliquatenus impedire vldeantur. Quo magis hsec incommoda augeantur, roftrum ipfum quafi vi aliqua curvatum et diffradum videtur, mandibulis a medio fubito defcenden- tibusj unde fit ut caput fere retro at terram inter pafcendum convertere, et velut a latere cibum capere cogatur. Coloris ( m ) Colons autem eximla clegantia avi plenas et adult* form* inconcinnitatcm compenfat. Color generalis eft rofto-coccineus, in aliquibus corporis partibus fere in albedinem tranfiens : eft etiam ubi ob *tatem, feu alias quafcunque cau- fas, nonnullis in locis albedo fere dominatur. Remiges, feu penn* alarum Ion- giores, funt femper aterrimae, et ob infignem a caeteris coloribus difcrepantiam, mirum afferunt huic avi ornamentum. Roftrum rubro-fufcefcens, apice nigro. Crura pedefque fanguinei. Phoenicopterus anfere non multo minor eft. Nidum dicitur ex luto effingerc in formam coni, feu colliculi, adeo kvati, ut cruribus utrinque dependentibus et extenfis illi infideat. Africae eft indigena, fed et in Europas regionibus calidioribus advena non infrequens confpicitur. Varias etiam Americae partes inhabitat Phoenicopterus. No. III. T THE ( 1J4 ) the flamingo. generic CHARACTER. Ba. tek, large, bending in the middle . if broken, edges of the upper mandible toothed, of the lower tranfverfely falcated. Nostrils linear. Feet palmated, four-toed. SPEC I F I C ‘C 'H A R A C T E R, &c. Crimfon Flamingo with the long wing-feathers black. Flamingo. Synops. p. 190. i. Sloan. Jam. p. 321. 17. Catejb. Carol, i. pi- 73 * 74 * Lath. Synops. 3. p- 299. TF ever Nature may be faid to have violated the general rules of pr^ 1 portion by which moft animals are fo gracefully diftinguilhed, it mull be in the Flamingo , the neck and legs of which are fo enormoully and even awkwardly long, that they ieem to fubjeft the bird to fome inconvenience and conftraint in its manner of walking and fitting. To add to thefe ap- parent difadvantages the beak is fo conftrufled as to appear as i broken by fome accidental violence, the mandibles curving fuddenly downwards from the middle. From this circumftance, the bird when feeding, is obige * • to ISliR''' to turn its head alinoft with the back towards the ground, and to take its •5 r - T - - - food in a lateral diredion. - - But the fuperior ekgance of its plumage, when in a- ftate of perfection, makes ample amends for the extravagance of its lhape. The general colour of the bird is rofeate crimfon, or rather fcarlet, which foftens in fome parts almoft into .whiter and indeed the bird is fo much fubjeCt to vary from age and other circumftances, that it is frequendy feen with the white almoft 'the predominating colour in fome parts of the body. The long feathers of the wings are always of a deep black, which adds greatly to the beauty of the bird, by the contraft it' forms to the reft of the plumage. The beak is reddifli- brown, with a black tip : the legs and feet red. The Flamingo is not much inferior in fize to a gopfe. It is^faid to build its neft of mud, in the form of a hillock, and of fuch a height as to admit of Its fitting upon it with its legs hanging down on each fide at full length. It is a native of Africa, but is not unfrequently feen as an occafional Vifitant in many of the warmer parts of Europe It is alfo a native of the Weft Indies. ( *36 ) CAPRIMULGXJS MAXIMUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum modice incurvum, ViBRiss/E ad os ferie ciliari. Rictus ampliflimus. Lingua acuta, integerrima. miniraum, fubulatum, bafi depreflum. Un. Syjl, Nat. f. iiS. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Caprimulgus grifeo-gilvtis, fufco nigroque Caprimulgus grandis. Caprimulgus Brafilienfis major nasvius. Ibijau, Caprimulgus Americanus. Caprimulgus grandis. irroratus. Gmel. Syjl. Nat. i. p: 1029. Brijs. 2. f. 48 5. 70.. 7. Bjiii Syn. p. 27. 2. Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 5 ^ 3 * H U I C generi peculiare eft roftrum minimum, riftu oris ampliffimo, retro- que longe ultra ipfas mandibulas protenfo ; unde fit ut os latiflime apertum, deforme omnino, et monftrofum videatur. Hanc ipfam tamen con- formationem hujufmodi avibus, no£tu tantum evolantibus, ad cibum commodius arripiendum benevole dedit natura: majora enim infefta, phalaenas neinpe et fcarabteos prtedantur, queis facilius captandis infervit oris amplitudo. Cha- ( *37 ) Charafteribus plerifque externis Caprimulgus Hirundini eft fimillimiis; Ideo- que a quibuldara phyficis in ifto genere difponitiir : nec lane quid vetat quin inter hirundines apte fatis poflit numerari : immo Linnjeus ipfe obfervat genus. Caprimulgi ab Hirundine differre uti phalaena a papilionr, aut ftrix a falcone. Inter omnes hujus generis aves fpecFes jam depiffca eft longe maxima. Cay- anam in America Auftrali incolit, et magnitudine cedit paulum Falconi Buteoni. Color ejus eft pallide ochraceus, leu pallide gilvus, pundlis maculifque innu- meris fufcis variatus. Remiges feu pennae alarum longiores, cum cauda, fafciis tranfverfis albidis fufcifque notantur. Crura funt brevia, et ad ipfos fere pedes, plumulis veftita. Caprimulgi, ut plurimum, funt aves folitari Nomen Caprimulgus huic ge- neri datum eft, quoniam fpeciem communem Europteam caprarum et ovium mammas no6tu exfugere vulgo olim cred.eretur» T n E THE GREAT GOATSUCKER. generic character. . Bill very fhort, hooked at the end, and very Oightly notched near the point. Nostrils tubular, and a little prominent. Mouth extremely wide, the edges of the tipper mandible furnilhed with ftifF briftles. Tongue fmall, entire at the end. SPECI FIC CHAR ACTE R, &c. Cream-coloured Goatfucker, fpeckled and varied with black and brown. Grand Goatfucker. ^ Le Grand Ibijau. T H E birds of this genus are diftinguifhed by having the beak very fmall, while the ridlus or opening of the mouth runs extremely backwards each fide, fo as to pafs far beyond the mandibles themfelves. In confequence of this formation the mouth appears of fo immoderate a fize, as to be dmoft viewed in the light of a deformity. This very circumftance however is the kind provifion of nature for enabling the birds of this genus to fupport their exiftence. They fly only by night, and feed on the larger infers, as beetle , moths, &c. which this large extent of mouth enables them the more eafily to obtain. jn ( 139 ) In moft: of their external charafters thefe birds are very nearly allied to the fwallow- tribe, and have even been ranked by forne naturaliib in that genus. In fail there is no impropriety in regarding them as a kind of nofturnal fwallows ; and Linnaeus, in the Syftema Naturae, very properly obferves that they are as nearly allied to fwallows as moths are to butterflies, or as owls to hawks. Of all the birds of the genus Caprimulgus, the fpecies here reprefcnted Is by far the largeft. It is a native of Cayenne in South America. It is in fize not far ftiort of a buzzard. The colour is a dull pale ochre, or cream- colour, fpeckled and varied with innumerable fpots and marks of brown. The long-feathers of the wings and tail are barred with brown and whitilh ; . the legs are fhort, and coated almofl; to the toes with fmall feathers. The goatfuckers in general are folitary birds. The name Caprimulgus or Goatfucker was given to this genus from the popular fuperftition of the com- mon European fpecies being fuppofed to fuck the teats of fheep and goats. ■f-v- PS I T- ( 140 ) Q PSITXACUS AXROPURPUREUSt CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum aduncum : mandibula fuperiore mobilii cera inftrufta. Nares in roftri bafi. Lingua carnofa, obtufa, Integra. Pedes fcanforii. Lt». Syft, Nat. 139. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Pfittacus macrourus atropurpureus, dorfo alls caudaque faturate holoferico- viridibus, remigibus prioribus reftricibufque exterioribus cyaneis. Pfittacus Tabuenfis. r 7 r j r, * oa Tatb. Tnd. Om. t. 88. I NTER elegantiores jure poflit hie numerari quodquot In uberrima ilia pfittacorum nutrice, Nova Hollandia generantur. Roftrum pedefque nigri- cant. Caput, collum, et abdomen magnifice atro-purpurea. Dorfum, humeri, alae caudaque Goloris graminei faturatioris, fuperficie quafi holoferica. Rednees dure intermediae caeruleo verficolori lev iter tinguntur. ^quat magnitudine haec avis pfittacum fplendidum prius in hoc opere de- feriptum. Cauda longa et cuneata, redtricibus inequaliter ad latera decrclctn- tibus. ( *41 ) tibus. Remiges primores reftricefque dus vel tres exteriores coloris funt cyanei. Alia extat pfittaci fpecies ? huic noftrae valde affinis, quamque Lathamius in Synopfi Avium pro varietate tantum proponit j coloribus quamvis difFerat i qu£e enim huic partes atropurpureas funt, in ilia i'plendidiffime coccineas : color prsterea viridis longe quam huic lucidior : an tamen vere fit diftinfta avis, feu varietas tantum, ut verum fatear, vix aufim pro certo affirmare. No. III. U THE THE POMPADOUR PARRO T. k}! generic character. Bii-L hooked. Upper mandible moveable. Nostrils round, placed in the bale of the bill. Tongue flelliy, broad, blunt at the end. Legs fnort. Toes formed for climbing ; viz. two toes forward and two backward. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Lono'-tailed dark-crimfon Parrot, with the back and wings velvet-green, O tips of the wings and exterior tail-feathers deep-blue. Tabuan Parrot Lath. Syncpf, A mongst the beautiful fpecies of Parrots fo plentifully difperfed over the illand of new Holland, the prefent may be confidered as one of the molt elegant. The beak and legs are blackifhj the head, neck, breaft and belly of the richeft and deepeft atropurpurean, or dark crimfon: the back, Ihoulders, and tail, deep grafs-green, with a rich filky or velvet- like furface : the two middle feathers of the tail are llightly clouded with a varying call of blue, and the two or three exterior ones incline ftrongly to this colour. The long feathers of the wings are alfo blue. The tail is of great C *43 1 ), great length, and cuneiform, or with the feathers unequally ftiortcning at the fides. There is a fpecies of parrot extremely nearly allied to this, tho’ differing confiderably in colour, being 'of the brighteft and moft vivid fcarlet in all thofe parts which in the prefent bird are purple. The green alfo is of a very different appearance, and of a much brighter caff. Mr. Latham defcribes it as a mere variety of the prefent fpecies : indeed it is not eafy to determine with abfolute certainty whether it be really dif- tinft or a variety only. , A . V U a PIN- I ( H4 ) PINGUINARIA PATACHONICA. CHARACTER G E N E R I C U S. Rostrum redum, apice fubincurvato. Nares Hneares. Lingua retrorfum aculeata. Al^ ad volandum ineptas. Penn^ minutiffimae. Pedes compedes. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Pinguinaria fufco-cinerea, plumbeo irrorata, fubtus alba, capke nigricante, fafcia utrinque colli longitudinali flava, Aptenodytes Patachonica. ^ ^ Manchot de la Nouvelle Guinee. , ,,, Son. voy. p. 179. t. iij. O Uadrupcdum nonnullas funt fpecies ita formatae, ut animalibus diverfi penitus generis fimillimae videantur. Iftiufmodi eft Manis, quam, fi quis exteram tantum figuram infpiciat, inter lacertas numerandam efle pu taret, vel faltem inter qiiadrupedes mammatos, ut dicuntur, et lacertas ^in* culum efle. Animal ( 145 ) Animal Jerboa difbum geftus motufque habet avi fimiles ; communiter enim, more avis, pedibus tantum pofterioribus quiefcit, cum pedes antici adeo breves fint, ut iis folummodo ad arripiendum cibum utatur. Eodem fere modo in Kanguroo fe res habet, nec non in duobus vel tribus aliis ejufdem generis ani- malibus. Vefpertilio quoque alterum et mirum eft exemplum quadrupedis anomali, et avis more volantis. In clafle cetaria fenfim quafi decrefcit figura generalis quadrupedis in exteram formam pifcis ; in Ipecie prascipue Trochechi Manatus nominata. Inter ipfas denique aves non defunt exempla aliqua forms primo intuitu dubis et incerts, animalibufque diverfs omnino indolis et naturs obfcurs cu- jufdam et indiftin6ts fimilitudinis. Hujufmodi funt Pinguinariae, queis als adeo funt breves, ad volandum prorfus inutiles, pennis prsterea parvulis et ambiguis obfits, (fintne enim fquams an penns primo pene dubitum eft,) ut ad ipforum pifcium fimilitudinem videantur quodammodo accedere ; nullo enim alio geftu libere et commode yti polTunt nifi natandi et fubmergendi ; curn veto in ficco progredi tentant, vacillante valde et incerto motu feruntur, et turbats, ftatim titubantes decidunt. Omnium hujus generis avium Ipecies in tabula longe eft maxima, coloref- que habet prs csteris nitidos et elegantes. Roftrum illi nigrum eft, apice fiavefcente, bafique maxills inferioris crocea. Caput, cum gula, collique parte poftica, eft atro-fufcum. In collo utrinque fafcia longitudinalis flaviflima con- fpicitur. Cstera avis a parte fuperiore eft cinerea, fingulis pennis apice csru- lefcente terminatis, ita ut primo intuitu velut maculata appareat. Tota pars corporis inferior alba eft : crura pedefque nigra. Eximia hsec fpecies mundi Antardlici eft incola, et prscipue prope ‘Terr am del Fuego cor.fpicitur. In Lin- nsi fyftemate fruftra qusritur. Kotandum ( 146 ) Notandum eft, fpecles duas hujus generis, quas folas defcnpfit Linnsus, auamvis ad rigidam foi fyftematis normam. (quantum attinet nempt ad pedes « roftra) reae difponantur i in csteris tamen ita dilijmiks effe congenenbus, ut vix poffint cum iis apte fodari s cumque in fyftemate Linnaeano nullum his avibus genus peculiare tributum fit, me nomine generico M,cet) illas non dubitafle diftingiiere. THE ( 147 ) THE PATAGONIAN PENGUIN. genf:ric character. Bill ftrait, (lightly bent at the tip. Nostrils linear. Tongue aculeated backwards. Wings ufelefs for flight. Feathers extremely fmall. Legs placed extremely backwards. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Ac. Cinereous-brown Penguin, fpecUed with lead-colour, white beneath, with blackilh head, and a longitudinal yellow band on each fide the neck. Patagonian Penguin. ^ Le grand Manchot. ■Ruff A MON GST quadrupeds there are fome particular fpecies which in point J\. of external appearance, feem to make an approach to creatures of a very different nature : thus the Manis has fo much the appearance and make of a lizard, that if outward form alone was confidered, it might be looked upon as conftitufmg the connefting link between the proper or viviparous quadrupeds and lizards. The Jerboa has the ufual aaions and attitudes of a bird ; (landing gcneraUy on its hind legs, and only making ufe of the fore-feet occafionally to hold its food. The fame is the cafe with the Kanguroo, and with two or three other fpecies of the fame genus. The Bat may alfo be adduced as an ex- ample of a quadruped of an anomalous nature, and pofTeffed of tlie power ( 148 ) of HIght. The whole Cetaceous tribe affords a ftriking inftance of the gradual declenfion of the quadruped form, till in the Manati it very nearly ap. proaches to that of a very different clafs of beings. Even amongfl: birds there are not wanting inftances of the fame fort of in- diftincT: alliance to animals of an entirely oppofite call j the penguins, as they are called, being furnifhed with wings fo very fhort, covered with fmall fea- thers fo much /efembling fcales, and fo perfedly ufelefs for flight, that they feem approximated in fome degree to fifli : and are capable of exercifing with eafe and expedition no other aflions but thofe of fwimming and diving ; fince when they attempt to walk, they can merely flagger along in an awkward and unfteady manner, and if diflurbed, are liable to flumble and fall. Of all the fpecies of this curious aflbrtment of birds, that which is here 'figured is the largeftj it is alfo the moft elegant in its colours. The bill is black, with a yellowifh tip ; but the bafe of the lower mandible is orange- colour. The head, throat, and hind part of the neck are blackilh-brown : on each fide the neck is a longitudinal flripe of bright yellow : the remainder of the bird, on the upper part, is of a deep afh-colour, mofl of the feathers being tipped with blueifh, fo as to give the bird a fpeckled appearance. The whole under part is white : the legs black. This curious fepcies is a native of the fouthern hemifphere, and is principally found about Falkland Iflands. It is a fpecies which does not occur in the works of Linnaeus. It may not be improper to obferve, that the only two fpecies of Penguin mentioned by Linnaeus, tho’ placed in genera to which they may be allowed to belong, according to the flridl principles of his mode of arrangement from the ftrufture of the bills and feet, are yet fo unfortunately flationed as to be to- tally difaffociated by almoft every other character, from the birds with which he has conjoined them. As there exills in the Linnaean Syflem no name for this fet of birds, confidered as a feparate genus, I have prefumed to give the generic title of Pinguinaria. MOS- ( *49 ) M O S C K U S D E L I C A T U L U S. CHARACTER G E N E R I C U S. Cornua nulla. Rentes Laniarii fuperiores Iblltarii, exferti... U», , CHARACTER S P E' C I F I C U S, Mofchus fufcG-fernigineus, fupra maculis albis notatus. Cervula Surinamenfis fubrubra, . albis maculis notata ? Seb. Mus. r. 71. /. 44. . i I Brafilienfi, quern defcripfit celeberriinus PennanfUs, ranfa eflc videtur cum hoc noftro fimilitudo et affinicas, ut non omnino pro certo > aufim affirmare an Ipecies fit haec revera diftindla, an illius junior et parvula varietas. Pennanti Brafilienfis aequalis eft- magnitudine Cervo Capreolo, cum Ipecimen ipfilEmum quod depinximus vix Mofcho Pygmreo majus fit j cum quo ctiam congruit forma dentium ; habens nempe incifores duos medios in > maxilla inferiore latiflimos et maximos, quibus utrinque adjacent dentes tres parvi et angufti. Caret etiam, ut et Mofchus pygmasus, dentibus laniariis ex- - J '6 fertis, qui in co <^1 (ommunis feu MoJchiferu% dicitur, infignes funt ad notam . " difcriminis, . No. III. X Color Color eft ferrugineo-fufeus faturador, maculis ovads albis pulchre denfeque diftindus. Corporis inferiora pallidiora j caput parvum; cauda modica; erura gracilia iadarque totum animal peculiarem quandam elegantiam et concmni- Lm ’ Non modo magnitudine et coloribus, fed forma et facie convenit huic cum animaU a Seba depifto, nomine CervuU Surinamenfts Jubrubri, albis maculis tiotati. Americae Auftralis partes calidiores incolere creditor, prae csteris Brafiliam, Praeftat celeritate, locaque montofa et faxofa praecipue amat. thb 151 Two long TUSKS in the upper jaw. Eight fmall cutting teeth in the lower jaw, none in the upper. THE SMALL SPOTTED MUSK. GENERIC CHARACTER. PemmU t. • SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Ferruginous-brown Mulk Ipotted above with white. T he animal with which this fpecies feems to have the grcateft affinity is the Brafilian Mufk of Mr. Pennant, and it is not impoffible that it may be a variety of the fame Ipecies in a much younger ftate. The Brafilian Mulk being defcribed by Mr. Pennant as of the lize of a roe-buck, whereas the individual Ipecimen here reprefented is fcarcc larger than the Mof- chus pygmseus, or Guinea Mulk. It alfo exadtly refembles that fpecies in the form and difpolition of the teeth, the two middle inclfores in the lower jaw being extremely broad and large, and on each fide of thele are lituated three fmall and flender teeth. Like the Mofchus pygmaus it is alfo deftitute of tulks, or exferted dentes laniarii, which form fo confpicuous a feature in the large or common Mulk. The colour of this little animal is a very fine deep ferruginous brown, thickly and beautifully marked and fpotted with fomewliat oval patches of ( 152 ) white The under part of the body is fomewhat paler than the upper; the head b rather fmaU > the tail of moderate length ; the legs llender, and the appearance of the whole animal peculiarly elegant and delicate. It feems to agree in fize as well as in colour and general appearance, with tlie fpecies reprefented by Seba, under the title of Cervula Surinamenfis fub- rubra, albis maculis notata. It is believed to be a native of South America, and of Brazil in particular. It is faid to be an animal of extreme agility and fwiftnefs j and to be found chiefly in rocky and mountainous fituations. ( 153 ) MUSEUM L E V E R I A N U M. i ictf '' . i III No. IV. VULTUR ANGOLENSIS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum reftum, apice aduncum. Caput (plcrifque) impenne, antice nuda cute. Lingua bifida. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. Vultur albus, orbltis nudis incarnatis, remiglbus bafique caudje nigrls. Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 7. Falco Angolenfis. Gmel. Syjl. 1. p. 252. eft et pulchrior Hjec fpecies plerifque vulturini generis. Eadem fere ei magnitude ac anati anferi Linnjei, forma autem gracilior. Rof- trum albicat. Cutis nuda ad roftri bafin fubcaTulea. Irides melinas, cindtis oculis cute implumi carnei coloris. Cum rcliquis pleriique congeneribus caput No. IV. Y fit I u I '! i lift?! r,t denudatum, huic pennis contegkur. Tota avU albet, cxccptls remiglbm tearicibufque majoribus feu fccundariis, nec non caudas bafi mgrantibus, qua tamen aibo ternainantur. Crura pallida. In Angola innafcitur pulchra h^c fpecies, primum a celeberrimo Pennanto defcripta. Reliquis plerifque vulturibus akcri ingenio didtur antecellere. the THE ANGOLA VULTURE. GENERIC CHARACTER. ( 155 ) Bill ftrait, hooked at the tip. Head commonly bare of feathers, with a naked flcin in front. Tongue bifid. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. White Vulture, with naked flefh-coloured orbits, the longer wing- feathers and bafe of the tail black. Angola V ulture. HE very rare Ipecies of Vulture here reprefented, is poffeflcd of a dc- -fi- gree of elegance not often feen in this voracious tribe. In fize it is not far inferior to a goofe, but is of a more flender make. The bill is of a pale or whitifh colour ; the cere, or bare Ikin at the bafe, blueifh ; the irides ftraw-coloured, and the eyes are furrounded by a bare flelh-coloured /kin. The head is not naked, as in moft other vultures, but clothed with feathers. The whole bird is white, except the larger wing-feadvers, or remiges, which j I r) r-: ( H7 ) THE PATAGONIAN PENGUIN. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill ftrait, nightly bent at the tip. Nostrils linear. Tongue aculeated backwards. Wings ufelefs for flight. Feathers extremely fmall. Legs placed extremely backwards. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Ac. Cinereous-brown Penguin, fpeckled with lead-colour, white beneath, with blackilh head, and a longitudinal yellow band on each fide the neck. Patagonian Penguin. Le grand Manchot. \ MON GST quadrupeds there are fome particular fpecies which in point of external appearance, feem to make an approach to creatures of a very different nature : thus the Manis has fo much the appearance and make of a lizard, that if outward form alone was confidered, it might be looKed upon as conftituting the connefting link between the proper or viviparous quadrupeds and lizards. The Jerboa has the ufual aftions and attitudes of a bird ; ftanding gcneraUy on its hind legs, and only making ufe of the fore-feet occafionally to hold its food. The fame is the cafe with the Kanguroo, and with two or thiec other fpecies of the fame genus. The Bat may alfo be adduced as an ex ample of a quadruped of an anomalous nature, and pofTeffed of tlie power 1 ! i i 9 V I ( 148 ) of flight. The whole Cetaceous tribe affords a ftriking inftancc of the gradual declenfion of the quadruped form, till in the Manati it very nearly ap- proaches to that of a very different clafs of beings. Even amongft birds there are not wanting inftances of the fame fort of in- diftincT: alliance to animals of an entirely oppofite caft ; the penguins, as they are called, being furnifhed with wings fo very fhort, covered with fmall fea- thers fo much jefembling fcales, and fo perfedly ufelefs for flight, that they feem approximated in fome degree to fifli ; and are capable of exercifing with eafe and expedition no other adions but thofe of fwimming and diving ; fince when they attempt to walk, they can merely flagger along in an awkward and unfleady manner, and if diflurbed, are liable to flumble and fall. Of all the fpecies of this curious affortment of birds, that which is here figured is the largeflj it is alfo the mofl elegant in its colours. The bill is black, with a yellowifh tip ; but the bafe of the lower mandible is orange- colour. The head, throat, and hind part of the neck are blackifli-brown : on each fide the neck is a longitudinal flripe of bright yellow : the remainder of the bird, on the upper part, is of a deep afh-colour, mofl of the feathers being tipped with blueifli, fo as to give the bird a fpeckled appearance. The whole under part is white: the legs black. This curious fepcies is a native of the fouthern hemifphere, and is principally found about Falkland Iflands. It is a fpecies which does not occur in the works of Linnaeus. It may not be improper to obferve, that the only two fpecies of Penguin mentioned by Linnaeus, tho’ placed in genera to which they may be allowed to belong, according to the flri(5t principles of his mode of arrangement from the flrufture of the bills and feet, are yet fo unfortunately flationed as to be to- tally difaflbciated by almofl every other character, from the birds with which he has conjoined them. As there exifls in the Linnaean Syflem no name for this fet of birds, confidered as a feparate genus, I have_ prefumed to give the generic title of Pinguinaria. MOS- ( 149 ) MOSCKUS DELICATULUS. C H A R A C T E R G E N E R I C U S. Cornua nulla. Dentes Laniarii fuperiorcs folitarii, exlerti.l. Xjn, > CHARACTER S P E' C I F I C U S,' Mofchus fufcG-fernigineus, fupra maculis albis notatijs. Cervula Surinamenfis fubrubra, .albis maculis notata ? Seb. Mus. I. 71. /. 44. . T\/T0SCH0 Brafilienfi, quern defcripfit cdeberriinus Pennantus, ,tahta eflc videtur cum hoc noftro fimilitudo et affinitas, ut non omnino pro certo > aufim affirmare an fpecies fit haec revera diftinfta, an illius junior et parvula varietas. Pennanti Brafilienfis asqualis eft magnitudine- Cervo Capreolo, cum Ipecimen ipfiffimum quod depinximus vix Mofcho Pygmaeo majus fit j cum quo etiam congruit forma dentium j habens nempe incilbres duos medios in > maxilla inferiore laiiflimos et maximos, quibus utrinque adjacent dentes tres parvi et angufti. Caret etiam, ut et Mofchus pygmaeus, dentibus laniariis ex- fe'rtis, qui in eo qui xommunis Jeu Mojchiferm dicitur, infignes funt ad notam . difcriminis, . No. III. Color ( ISO ) Color eft ferrugmeo-fufeos fawratlor, maculis ova, is albis pulchre de„fe,„. diftta s Corf oris inferiora pallidiora. cap., parvom, cauda mod.ca, cr„« T ;aa.,ov,e ,owm animal peculiarem quandam eleganuam e, concma.- Non Ldo magntodine e, coloribus, fed forma « Turn animau a Seba depiao, nomine Crrvuli Surm,m«,/.s Juhrrrkr. athr maculr, notatu Americ* Anftralis parres calidiores incolere credirur, prse ceteris Braliliana. Pr*ftat celeritate, locaque montofa et faxofa pr*c.pne amat. • > •♦n , t thb ( 15 ’ ) THE SMALL SPOTTED MUSK. GENERICCHARACTER. !! Two long TUSKS in the upper jaw. | Eight fmall cutting teeth in the lower jaw, none in the upper. f PemaHt, ji i SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Ferruginous-brown Mufk fpotted above with white. T he animal with which this fpecies feems to have the greateft affinity is the Brafilian Mufk of Mr. Pennant, and it is not impoffible that it may be a variety of the fame fpecies in a much younger ftate. The Brafilian Mufk being defcribed by Mr. Pennant as of the fize of a roe-buck, whereas the individual Ipecimen here reprefented is fcarce larger than the Mof- chus pygmasus, or Guinea Mufk. It alfo exaftly refembles that fpecies in the form and difpofition of the teeth, the two middle incifores in the lower jaw being extremely broad and large, and on each fide of thefe are fituated three fmall and flender teeth. Like the Mofchus pygmams it is alfo deftitute of tufks, or exferted dentes laniarii, which form fo confpicuous a feature in the large or common Mufk. The colour of this litde animal is a very fine deep ferruginous brown, thickly and beautifully marked and fpotted with fomewliat oval patches of ; white. 1 . ;■ ( 15 ^ ) -The unde,- par, of .he body is fonnewha. paler than .he upper : .he head is rather fmall , .he tad of moderate length , the legs flender, a«l the appearance of the whole animal peculiarly elegant and delicate. I. feems to agree in fire as well as in colour and general appearance, with Ae fpecies reprefented by Seba, under the title of Cervula SurinamenSs fub. rubra albis maculis notata. It is believed to be a nauve of South Amenca, J TJt'oml It is faid to be an animal of extreme agility and fwiftneTs j and to be found chieEy in roclcy and mountainous fituations. MUSEUM I. E V E R I A N U M. No. IV. VULTUR ANGOLENSIS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum redtum, apice aduncum. Caput (plcrifque) impenne, antice nuda cute. Lingua biHda. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. Vultur albus, orbkis nudis incarnatis, remigibus bafique caudfe nigris. Lath. Ind, Orn. f. 7. Falco Angolenfis. Gmel. Syjl. i. p. 252. 'OARIOR eft et pulchrior base fpecles plerifque vukurini generis. Eadem Av fere ei magnitude ac anati anferi Linnaei, forma autem gracilior. Rof- trum albicat. Cutis nuda ad roftri bafin fubcaerulea. Irides melinas, cindlis oculis cute implumi carnei coloris. Cum rcliquis plerifque congeneribus caput No. IV. Y fit ■ fi, denudatum, huk pennis contegimr, Tota avU albe^ «cept-.s remign,™ tearicibufque majoribua ftu fccundarils, ncc non cau caudaque longiori. TIITE CrPR F.ors in* CKO w ./.cu.U„ J..>l^ec£, 0 denudata, an- nua. Dentes PatMOREs inferiores odto. Laniarii nulli (interdum folitarii fupenus.) Un, Syft, Nat, f, 92. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Cervus cornibus ramofis teretibus eredtis : Cervus cornibus teretibus ereftis. Capreolus. fummitate bifida. Lin. Syji, Nat, p, Brifs. regn. an. p. 89. n, 5. Gejn, ^adr. p. 324. 1098. C ERVUS Capreolus, Europsorum minimus, diftingllitur cornubus tit plu- rimum trifurcis, raro paucas uncias longitudine fuperantibus. Forma pulchra et eleganti, eo noftratibus gratior eft, quod non advena fit et exoti- cus, fed indigena et quafi autofthonj in hunc ufque diem in nonnullis Scoti® montibus ferus et juxta naturam degens. B b 2 Color Color ei fbfco-cinereus, ferrugineo leviter perfiifus. Corporis inferiora longe pallidiora fere albicant. Facies prope oculos et fuper roftrum nigricat. An- teit pernicitate Capreolus reliquos plerofque congeneres. Ingenio timidifllmo, jegerrime cicur evadit: nec gregatim incedit, ut folet magna pars cervini generis, fed parvulis tantum eft felectis manipulis, fepif- fime e mare, femina, et hinnuleis conftantibus. ( i8i ) THE ROEBUCK. GENERIC CHARACTER. Horns upright, folid, branched, annually deciduous.' Eight cutting teeth in the lower jawj none in the upper. Pennant, SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Deer with fmallifli upright rough trifurcated horns. Roe.*j^^^H Pennant, ^adr, p, io8. Le Chevreuil. Buff. 6 . p. 289. pi, 22. 23. T he Roebuck is the fmalleft of the European Deer, and is diftmguiihed by its (hort and generally trifurcated horns, which feldom exceed the length of a few inches. It is not only pleafing in its general appearance, bur becomes more peculiarly interefting from its being a native of our own iflandj and is ftill found in its natural or wild ftate in fome parts of Scot- land. Its Its colour Is a cinereous brown, with a flightly ferruginous caft; the lower parts of the body being much paler or whitifh. The face on the parts near the eyes, and the muzzle are blackilh. This Ipecies is remarkable for its ex- treme fwiftnefs, in which refpedl it furpafles moft of its congeners. It is of an extremely wild and timid difpofition. Roebucks feldom afTo- ciate in large groups or herds like many others of the deer kind, but in very fmall detached parties i commonly confiding of only the male, female, and young. PSIT- ( i83 ) PSITTACUS RODOCEPHALUS. 4 CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum aduncum ; mandibula fuperiore mobili j cera inftru(5ta. Nares in roftri bafi. Lingua carnofa, obtufa, Integra. Pedes fcanforii. Lin. Syji, Nat. p. 139. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, See. Pfittacus macrourus viridis, capite rubro caeruleo obdu£to, giila nigra, tor- que nigro et pallide viridi. Pfittacus Ginginianus. 0. Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 100. Pfittacus Erythrocephalus. P. Bengalenfis. Gmel. Syjl. Nat. i. p. 325. I NTER hunc et varletates aliquot minores Pfittaci AlexandH feu torquati tanta eft fimilitudo, ut iis potius annumerandus videatur quam ut fpecies diverfa deferibi. Speciem tamen revera diftinftam habuerunt turn Buffonus turn Lathamus. Mandibula fuperior aurantia eft, inferior nigricans. Frons genseque egregle rofea ; color autem rofeus in reliquo capite gradatina fatifeit, donee a caeruleo molli molU et eleganti vincatur, laut« illi fioridaequc farinae nmilllmo, qua; in pruno Aureliano praecipue cernitur. A bafi mandibute inferioris circa collum ducitur torquis anguftus aterrimus, quern ftatim infra excipit alter viroris thalaffini j qui etiam color fuper hume- ros et uropygium leviter perfunditur. Dorfum alasque pulchre viridia. Collum peftus et abdomen flavo-virefcunt. Super humerum utrumque macula parva oblonga confpicitur nitide ferruginea, Caudse longa3 redrices duae intermedia casteris multum produftiores cyaneas luntj apicibus albis* Duae his proximae cyane^ etiam funt, fed apicibus fubHavefcentibus. Reliquarum latus exterius cseruleo-viride, interius flavo-pallens. Crura pedefque grifeo-carnea. In India nafcitur Pfittacus rodocephalus. ( >85 ) ■i THE ROSE-HEADED PARRAKEET. GENERIC CHARACTER, Bill hooked. Upper mandible moveable. Nostrils round, placed in the bafe of the bill. Tongue flefhy, broad, blunt at the end. Legs Ihort. Toes formed for climbing, viz. two forward and two back- ward. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Long-tailed green Parrakeet, with deep rofe-coloured head overcaft with blue, with a narrow collar of black beneath the head. Bloflbm-headed Parrakeet. Var. A. Rofe-headed Ring Parrakeet. Lath. S)’mp. i. p. 239. '■Ills beautiful bird in its general appearance bears fo near a refemblance 1 to fome of the fmaller varieties of the Pfittacus Alexandri, or Ring Parrakeet, that it might almoft be confidered as rather belonging to one of thefe than as Ipecifically diftindl. It is however regarded as a diftiniSt fpecies both by the Count de Buffon ? and Mr. Latham. The upper mandible is orange-coloured j the lower blackilh: the front and cheeks are of a fine rofy red } which colour on the remainder of the head No. IV. C c gradually gradually declines^ and is overcaft by a ftrong tinge of full, yet foftened blue; which perhaps can be explained by nothing fo well as by the appearance of that beautiful bloom which fhews to fo much advantage on the furface of the Orleans Plumb. From the bafe of the lower mandible, round the neck proceeds a narrow collar of the deepeft black j immediately beneath which is a correfponding circle of fca-green. A tinge of fea-green is alfo obfervable on the flioulders and the rump. The wings and back are of a beautiful green. The neck, breaft, and belly, of a fair yellow-green. On each flioulder is a fmall oblong patch of bright ferruginous. The tail is long, and the two middle feathers much exceed the reft in length, and are of a fine deep blue, with white tips: the two next pair are of the fame colour, with pale-yellow tips. The remain- ing tail-feathers are on their exterior webs of a blueifh green, and on their inferior ones pale-yellow. The legs and feet are of a greyifti flclh-colour. This fpecies is a native, of India^ r ( i»7 ) CANCROMA COCHLEARIA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum gibbofum; mandibula fuperiore cymbae rcfupinatas forma. Lin. Sjift. Nat. pi 2 jj 4 CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Cancroma cinerafcens, ventre rufo, vertice lunulaque cervicis nigra. Lath. Ind, Orn. p. 671* Cancroma Cochlearia. Lin. Cancroma Cancrophaga ? . Lin. Cochlearius. S’ P' S INGULAR IS huic avi roftri formatio, quod forfan latius pro longitu- dlne quam alii alicui adhuc cognitae j mandibula fuperiore carinata, feu in prominentiam longitudinalem du£la, cymbas inverfae non longe abfimilem. Co- lor primarius plumbeo-caeruleus, pedore pallidore, abdomine fufco-ferrugineo, magis minufve in diverfis Ipeciminibus faturato. Rollrum fufcum. Frons al- bet. Caput crifta nigra, longa, dependula deeoratur. Alae caudaque brevia. Crura valida fufco-flavefcunt. C c 3 Varietas Varletas Interdum confpickur, quam quafi fpeciem diftindlam defcripferimt nonnulli phyfici, licet fortafle difFerat tantum coloribus, auc fexu, aut state magis minufve proveda. Hsc corpus fuperius fufco-ferruginea eft, inferius albida : ad cstera priori fimilis. Americam Auftralem incolit Cancroma Cochlearia, locaque aquofa frequentat, viditans more ardearum, ranis, pifcibus, reliquifque id genus animalibus. i 189 ) THE B O A T - B I L L. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill broad, flat, with a keel along the middle, like a boat reverfed. Nostrils fmall, lodged in a furrow. Toes divided. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Cinereous Boat-Bill with the abdomen rufous, (fometimes white,) top of the head and crefcent on the neck black. Boat- Bill. Boat-Bill. Le Savacou. La/h. Synops. 5. p. 26. /. 76. Brown illuji. p. 92. t. 36. Buff. p. 443. /. 23. T he formation of the beak in this bird is ftrikingly Angular, and is per- haps broader in proportion to its length than in any other known bird . the upper mandible is carinated, or furnilhed with a rifing longitudinal pro- minence, which gives it an appearance not ill refembling an inverted boat. The general colour of this fpecies is a dull blueilh, -or lead-colour; paler on the bread ; the abdomen being of a ferruginous brown, more or lefs deep in diflferent fpecimens. The bill is dulky. the forehead white; the head furnilhed witli ( 19 ° ) with a large black pendent crefl, of confiderablc length. The wings and tail are Ihort. The legs ftrong, and of a yellowifh brown. Of this curious bird there is a variety, which, though confidered as a diftind fpecies by fome ornithologifts, is probably owing to nothing more than the natural difference of colour, arifing either from the more or lefs advanced age of the bird, or from the difference between the male and female. This va- riety is of a ferruginous colour above, and whitifh beneath : in other refpeds it refembles the former. The Boat-bill is a South American bird, and frequents watery places, feed- ing nearly in the manner of Herons, on filh, frogs, &c. LACERTA i 'i ( ) LACERTA CHAMELEON. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus tetrapodum, caudatum nudum. Lin. Syfi. Nat. p. 359. 5 CHARACTER S Lacerta cauda tereti brevi incurva, Chamjeleon. Chamjeleo. Chamjeleon, *' P E C I F I C U S, &c, digitis duobus tribufque coadunatis. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 364. Aldr. ^adr. 670. ■ Rail ^adr» Grcn. Mus. 1. p. 76.- C HAMJE LEONTI miram inelTe facultatem colorem pene pro arbitria mutandi agnoverunt jamdiu omnes phyficij nec fama eft aliquid cele- , bratius. Hoc tamen non foli chamasleonti contingit, fed et aliis mukis la- certis, quamvis longe circumfcriptior Ulis et adduiftior fit haec poteftas. Color chamEeleontis generalis eft fub-casruleo-cinereus, qui interdum in vi- ridem> interdum fubftavum, maculis rufis inasqualiter diftindum tranfit. Hsc colorum. ( 19 ^ ) colonim mutaiio clariilane cernitur, cum animal ab uno latere Ibli expos!- tur : latus enim iimbratum plerumque flavet, maculis magnis rotundatls, rufis, variatum. Sed inverlb Jitu, latus quod antea erat in umbra et flavebat, ma- culis ferrugineis, nunc in fulcum mutatur, dum latus oppofitum flavum rufo- macuiatum confpicitur. Saepiflime tamen variant hae colorum mutationes et macularum fitus. Dicitur chamaeleontem colorem fuum fubftantias cui imponitur aflimilare; quod tametfi verum omnino non fit, vero tamen eft proximumj cum afferunt Gallici phyfici chamaeleontem linteo albo involutum, poll parvum tempos educ- tum, fere album apparuiffe. Fefellit tamen illos experimentum fecundo iteratum. Pulmones huic animali funt maximi, et frequens eft illi corpus pro arbitrio inflandi mos, adeo ut plenum et pingue diu videaturj aliis temporibus, fe contrahendi, ut ipfa macie confebtum crederes. Ad hiec ufque tempora vulgo creditur Chamteleontem nullo alio cibo in- digere prieter quern ab aethere abforbeat, aere nempe vefei. Infeftis vero vitam fuftentat, quibus dolo callido infidiatur, quneque linguae fu^, (ut picae eft viridi,) longiffime et ad libitum retraftas apice dilatato et tubulato arripit, et incredibili velocitate in ftomachum ingurgitat. Inediae minim adeo in mo- dum eft patiens, ut per aliquot menfes fine tillo vi(5lu duraverit j opinionem quae vulgus tenet aliqua ex parte comprobans. Oculi chamasleontis funt magni et globofi ; pars autem denudata feu con- Ipicua, eft perexigua, et iride conftat aurea, pupilla nigricante: oculifque e contrario direftis poteft fpeftare ; uno nempe ad caelum, altero in terram verfo, vel uno antrorfum, altero retrorfum. Caput interdum criftatum, interdum fere planum. Pedum forma eft fingularis : antici enim pedes digitos duos habent antrorfum C ^93 ) antrorfum verfos, trefquc retrorfum, poflici tres antrorlum, duos retrorflim. Omnes digit! unguibus validis muniti funt •, quod magis notatu dignum eft, qiioniam Gronovius, (qui plerumque accurate dcfcribit,) hie peffime lapfus eft, cum in charaftere charnseleontis generico dixit, pedes unguibus deftituti.” Ut chamteleonti firmior et fecurior fit fedes, cauda longa ramulum arftius ampleftitur. Diverfa eft illi magnitude : pene pedalis eft interdum in longi- tudinem ■, plerumque multo minor. Africam et Afiam incolit, nec non Europse partes calidiores, Hifpaniam nempe et Lufitaniam, Inceflus eft tardiflimus, et non fine cautela ingredi videtur. D d Ko. IV. THE ( 194 ) THE CHAMELEON. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body four-footed, tailed, naked. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Lizard with cylindric incurved tail, and toes conjoined by. two and three. The Chameleon. I H E Chameleon has ever been celebrated for the wonderful power which poflefles of changing its colour in certain particular circumftances and fituations. This faculty, however, is not peculiar to the Chameleon alone, but is obfervable in a lefs degree in feveral other Ipecies of lizards. The general colour of the Chameleon is a blueifh afh-colour, which fome- time changes to a green, and fometimes to a yellowifli colour, Ipotted un- equally with red. This is particularly obfervable when one fide of the animal is expofed to a full funfhine j when the unilluminated fide generally appears yellow, with large roundifh patches or fpots of red- brown. On reverfing the fituation of the animal, the fame change again takes place ; the fide which was before in the fhade, and yellow, Ipotted with red, now becoming brown j while the other fide becomes yellow and red. But thefe changes are fubjed to much variety, both as to colour and difpofition of Ipots. It V a't'.-i t'JlA.M A'i . THK €J i AM K il.K ON^ ( 195 ) It has been fald that the Chameleon has a power of aflimilating its colour [ ! to that of the fubftance on which it is placed. This is not entirely true : yet it feems to make fome approach to fuch a faculty ; fince the members of the French Academy declare, that on wrapping a chameleon up in a linen cloth for fome minutes, it appeared nearly white when taken out ; but this experiment did not fucceed when repeated afterwards. The lungs of the chameleon are extremely large, and it has a way of in- flating its body, and appearing very plump and full for a long time together ; and at other times of contracting itfelfi fo as to appear in the highefl; degree of extenuation. There prevails a popular error relative to this animal, which feems to have been almoft univerfally received ; viz. that it requires no other nourifliment than what it abforbs from the atmofphere, or in the ufual phrafe, that it feeds on air. On the contrary, it is extremely adroit at catching infeCls, which it feizes by means of its tongue, which is of a very great length, and is retrac- tile, like that of a woodpecker, and has a fort of widened tubular opening at the end. This it darts upon infeCts within its reach, and fwallows them with a motion fo quick that the eye can Icarce follow it: and by this means it fupports its exiftence. It is however true, that it can remain for a furprifing length of time without any food, fo that the common idea is not without fome foundation j for a chameleon has been kept for the Ipacc of fevcral weeks without the leaft fuftenance whatfoever. ^ The eyes of tjie chameleon are large and globular, but the part which is expofod to view is very fmall, and cG'nlifts of a gold-coloured iris, with a dark pupil. It has the power of turning its eyes in oppofite directions, fo as to look with one eye backwards and the other forwards, or v/ith one eye upwards and the other downwards at the fame time. The head is fometimes very much crefted, and fometimes almoft plain. The ftruCture of the feet is D d 2 Angular ,- fingular; viz. the fore-feet have two toes forwards and three backwards, while the hind-feet have three toes forwards and nvo backwards. All the toes are furniflied with pretty ftrong claws; a circumftance which deferves the greater attention, as Gronovius, an accurate fyftematic naturaliH;, has, by a moft unaccountable error, made it a principal chara£l;er of the chameleon to be without claws on the feet. The tail is longilh, and the animal makes ufe of it to fallen itfelf more fecurely, by coiling it round the branch on which it fits. The fize of the chameleon is very various. It fometimes meafures near a foot, exclufive of the tail, but is generally much lefs. This curious creature is a native of Africa and Afia, and is alfo found in fome of the warmer parts of Europe, as Spain and Portugal. Its pace is very flow, and it feems to move with much caution and circumlpedlion. CORACIAS ( 197 ) CORACIAS SCUTATA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum cultratunoj apice incurvato, bafi pennis denudatum. Lingua cartilaginea, bifida. Pedes ambulacorii. Lin. Syji. Nat. p. 159. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. Coracias nigra, jugulo pedloreque coccineis. C OR AC I AM fcutatam nemo adhuc defcripfit. Licet corvo vix cedat magnirudine, fumma tamen ci videtur elTe fimilitudo cum Mujckapa ruhricolU Lathami. Tota nigrat, dorfo alifque fubcceruleum quiddam nitentibus. Roftrum validum, bafin modice latum, apicem leviter emarginatum. Mandibulse inferioris extremum pallefcit. Superioris utrinque ab imo fet* feu vibriffie feptem protruduntur infra complanatte, quseque curvat* furfum ten- dunt, Exiguo intervallo a roftro, colli anterioris color ad imum pefius niti- diflimc ( 193 ), diffime eft coccineus, qui inde in obfeure ferruginenm tTMifeuns decurrit fafcia interrupta ad ipfum abdomen. Cauda leviter rotundata conftat e duodecim reflricibus, quarum duae exte- riores unciae dimidio breviores quam cxtcrx. Crura brevia, modica, nigrant. Ungues validi, poftico reliquis majore. Quaenam patria Coraciam fcutatam protulerit pro certo non aufim affirmare. THE ( 199 ) THE RED-BREASTED ROLLER. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill ftrait, bending a little towards the end, edges cultrated. Nostrils narrow and naked. T OES three forward divided to their origin ; one backward. Pennant. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Black Roller, with crimfon throat and breall. HIS bird, hitherto undefcribed, in its general appearance and colour, X bears a ftriking refemblance to the Mufcicapa rubrieollis, or purple- throated Flycatcher i but is confiderably fuperior in fize. It is not much Jefs than a common crow. Its colour is an uniform black, with a flight blueifli glofs on the back and wings. The beak is ftrong, broadifh at the bafe, and fllghtly notched or emarginated at the tip. The lower mandible is of a palifh colour towards the point. On each fide the bale of the upper mandible are feven vibriflae or hairs, which are of a flattened form at their lower part, and rife Aipwards in a curved diredtion. The fore-part of the neck, from about half an inch below the beak, to the bottom of the breaft, is of a very rich bright ( 200 ) bright fcarlet, which colour, at the lower part of the breaft, finks Into deep ferruginous, and is continued in a broken or interrupted band, down tlie be- ginning of the abdomen. The tail confifts of twelve feathers, and is flightly rounded at the extremity, the two exterior fide -feathers being fhorter than the others by about half an inch. The I^gs ^-re rather fliort, moderately ftout, and black. The claws ftrong^^ that of the back toe larger than the reft* The native country of this curious bird is not certainly known. ( 201 ) Ittf k. MUSEUM fa U4li . ‘ 11 ^: S I M I A L E V E R I A N U M. No. V. SYLVICOLA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes Primores urrinque quatuor, approximati. Laniarii folitarii, longiores, hinc remoti. Molares obtufi. Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. 34. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Siinia fcmicaudata grileo-ferniginea, facie manibus pedibulque nigris, natibus calvis. G eneris totlus una e rariffimls Simia Sylvicola alta eft circiter tres pedes, corpore valido et torofo. Cum notentur finguli pili annulis al- ternis nigricantibus ferrugineilque, idem fere huic afpeftus ac Simiae Mormohii jampridem in hoc opere depidlas. Facies pedefque omnes nigrant. Pedtim anticorum feu nfanuum ungues longuli, fed rotundati : pofticorum longiores tantum non acuminati. Nates amplas, nudae, rubrsque. Africam intolit hasc fpecies, in Guinea praecipue reperta. No. V. E e THE GENERIC CHARACTER. Front Teeth in each jaw 4, placed near together. Canine Teeth folitary, longer than the others, diftant from the remaining teeth or grinders. Grinders obtufe." SPECIFIC character, &c. Short-tailed ferruginous-brown Baboon, bare behind, with black face, hands, and feet. ~ Wood Baboon. Pennant. Hift: ^adr. i. 176. T his animal, which is one of the rareft of the genus, is of a very confiderable fize, and of a robuft frame. Its height is about three feet. Its general colour a fort of ferruginous greyifh-brown, owing to the alternate rings of blackilh and ferruginous with which each individual hair is marked, and which gives a fort of fpeckled appearance, limilar to that of the Simla Mormon, or Variegated Baboon, already figured in the prcfent Work. The C 203 > The face, hands, and feet are black. The nails on the hands longilli, but rounded at their extremities : thofe on the feet longer, and much more in- clining to acuminate. ^ The fpace on each fide the tail is large, bare, and red. The tail very flhort. It is an African fpecies, and is principally found in Guinea. E e 2 P n A ( 204 ) PHASIANUS PICTUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS Gen^e cute nuda laevigata. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. ayi. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Phafianus crifta flava, pcdore coccineo, remigibus fecundanis casruleis, cauda cuneata. Phafianus aureus finenfis. 4 Phafianus variis coloribus fplendidus. Lin. Sijl. Nat. p. 272. Briff. av. i. p. 271. «. 4- Edtv. av. 62. t. 68 ^3^ 69. f. 2. I NTER exempla avium varia nitidiflimaque, plumarum luxuna exube* rantium, infigniter exftat Phafianus Pidus, cujus valentis et adulti colores hebetant, adverfo foie, fpeftatorum oculos, fuperati non nifi politiffimis Tro- chilorum ct Certhiarum fplendoribus : cedit enim vel ipfius Pavonis ftellatus gemmanfque decor. Minor eft Phafianus piftus communi feu Colchico, et afpeau dehcauor. Caput in'''gnitur crifta magna, dependula, ferica, lucidiffime aureo-flava. Col- lum fuperius tegitur quafi cucullo e pennis truncatis eximie aureo-auranuis confeao, Jl confedo, fafciirquc plurimis nigris tranfverfim notato. Reliqua pars colli pennis rotundatis, more fquamarum difpofitis, aureo-viridibus veftitur. Gula gilva eft feu ex albo fub-rubefcens, flavedine intermifta. Pedtus cum toto corpore infe- riore fplendet ardentiflime aureo-coccineiim, eodem fere modo quo Amaryllidis formofijfima Linnasi flores. Fjufdem fere funt coloris alarum teftrices minores, nifi quod paulo minus luceant : majores nitide fufco-ferruginese, nigro con- fperfe. Pennae fcapulares lucidiffime cyaneas. Remiges fufci, margine gilvo. Remigum autem fecundariorum alii magis infufcantur, nigro gutrati, alii Iplen- dide cserulei. Dorfi pars pofterior cum uropygio aureo-flavet, carens tamen fplendore criftas. Caudae tedrices quse fubjacent pennis flavis quas jam me- moravimus, purpureo-ruberrimse, quarum nonnullas longiffimas et lancea; ad inftar formatae fuper latera caudas producuntur. Cauda ipfa longa et acutius cuncata nigrat, maculis tamen modicis, ovatis, caftaneis, creberrime afperfa, ut color primarius, fcilicet nigcr, pene delitefcat. Roftrum flavefcit, ut et crura calca- ribus armata. Putilis his et micantibus plumis avem formofilTunam fuperbire voluit Na- tura. Qpod fi quis earn ipfam nunquam vidifiet, fed imaginem tantum in tabula, putaret profedo pidorem, colores pulcherrime difponcndi ftudiofum, ingenio indulfilTe ut imaginariam fingeret venuftatem. Femina, mare minor, modica tantum eft pulchritudine, obicure fufco-fiavens, ftriis maculifque obfcurioribus feu nigricantibus notata. E reglone Sinenfi primitus adveda eft hjec fpecies, mufasorum Europajorum grande Decus. Sub noftro tamen coelo, Britanniie jamdiu familiaris prolem faspifllme alit nullo fere negotio j non enim necelfe eft ut mollius et delicatius curetur, cum eodem, ut plurimum, utatur vivendi modo quo reliqui congeneres. THE PAINTED PHEASANT. GENERIC CHARACTER. Cheeks covered with a fmooth naked fkin. Un. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Pheafant with yellow creft, fcarlet bread:, blue fecondaries, and cuneated tail. Painted Pheafant. Edw. t. 68, 69. Faifan dore de la Chine. Buff. 2. f. 355. TL enl. 217. The Golden Pheafant, ^ brilliancy with which Nature fo often decorates the feathered tribe the Golden Pheafant of China is unqueftionably one of the moft ftriking examples : a bird, of which the colours, when in a ftate of perfection, are fo powerfully lucid as to dazzle, in a full light, the eye of the IpeClator i and can only be exceeded by the polifhed luftre of the Humming-birds and Certhte. Even the Peacock himfclf, with all the grandeur of his gaudy plumage, falls fliort in comparifon, i{ fymbolum, et vulgo credi folitum eft pafeere eum puUos cruore c fui ipfius pedtore fponte extradto. Ad quam opinionem quodammodo contulifle verifimiliter fatis putarunt nonnulli fttum iplius avis ftmul atque in nidum advolaverit et conlederit j certattm cniin e patulo ore efcam in facculo allatam vellicantibus pullis, roftri apex oraeque rubentia velut fanguine perfufa videntur : quod quidem ipfum incuriofos fpedla- tores in errorem duxerit. Omnibus notiflimum eft monftrofam hanc materni amoris imaginem, decan- tatamque iftam phcenicis de flammis exurgentis fabulam in fignis publicis et infignibus gentilitiis repraefentari j unde fit, ut imperitae multitudinis animis hal- lucinationes abfurdiflimae in perpetuum dominentur. ( 2II ) THE ROUGH - BILLED PELICAN. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill long and ftrait 5 the end either hooked or doping. Nostrils either totally wanting, or fmall, and placed in a furrow that runs along the fides of the bill. Face naked, Gullet naked, and capable of great diftenfion. Toes all four webbed. Pennant, SPECIFIC CHARACTER, ike. Crefted white Pelican, with the fuperior mandible carinated and tubercu- latedj the gular pouch ftriated with black. Rough-billed Pelican. Lath. Syn. 3. f. 586. Phil. Tran/. 42. p. 419, 54. I N its general appearance this fpccies fo much refembles the common Pe- lican, that, on a curfory view, it might eafily pafs for the fame bird, or at leaft for a mere variety. When accurately examined, however, the differ- ences, tho’ not very ftriking to a common eye, are fufficient to juftify its being confidered as fpecifically diftind. The whole bird is white, except the longer feathers of the wings, and the edges of the flioulders, which are black. The F f 2 bill ( ) bill ™Mch U of a reddim yellow, inftead of being f.nooth or even, as in the common Pelican, is furnilhed with a very remarkable elevated longitudinal rWrthe prominences of which are irregular, or of unequal heights in differ- ent parts. The pouch or gular membrane is large and ftriated with nume- rous longitudinal lines of biack on each fide. In fize this bird is fcarcely equal to the common fpecies, which it refembles in its manner of life. It is a native of North America. The larger birds of this genus agree in their general habits i living principally on filh, of which, as well as of water, they are capable of carrying a vail quantity in the pouch or Ikin of the lower mandible. The Pelican has been long confidered as the emblem of parental affedion, and has been idly fuppofed to feed its young ones occafionally with blood, voluntarily drawn from its own breaft; an abfurdity the origin of which has with fome degree of probability been attributed to the pofture and general ap- pearance of the female when juft returned to her neft with provifion in her gular pouch, when the eagernelk of the young ones, in endeavouring to obtain die contents, and the appearance of the tip and edges of the bill, as if ftained with blood, may be fuppofed in fome mcafure to excite this erroneous idea. It would be fuperfluous to obferve that this outrageous difplay of maternal tendernefs ftill continues to be exhibited on fign-pofts and in heraldic paint- ings, and together with the reprefentation of the Phoenix in flames, contributes to perpetuate fome of the moft remarkable amongft popular errors. ( alj ) OTIS HOUBARA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum mandibula fuperiore fornicata. Nares cvatas. Pedes curforii, tridadtyli j femoTtbus in parte inferiore denudatis. Lath, ind, orn. p, 658, CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Otis flavefcens fufco maculata, collo pennis elongatis albidis rachibus nigris, remigibus nigris medio macula alba. Lath. ind. orn. p. 660, Otis flavicans, colli pennis albidis nigro-ftriatis longiffimis, remigibus magnis nigriSj prope medium macula alba notatis. Gmel. Syjl. i. p. 725* I 1 1 / I N Otidum genere fingularis omnino et rarilTima eft Ipecies quae in tabula cernitur; et ab aliis omnibus torque maximo pennarum longiflimarum fu- per collum prope humeros difpofitarum, et utrinque ad peftus dependentium diftinguitur, quern erigere poteft feu deprimere ad libitum. Conftat torquis e plumis diverfe coloratis ; pennae fcilicet quae in coUo poftico maxima ex parte nigrantj quae vero utrinque dependent, albae. Caput Caput crifta alba dependula decoratur. Collum cinereum, ftriis tranfverfis ni- gris undulatum. Color generalis pennarum in corpora fuperiori pallet leviffime fufco-flavefccns feu gilvus, pundulis maculifque fufcis creberrime guttatus. Re- miges primores nigri maculam habent prope medium albam. Cauda modica pallet, fufco confperfa, fafciifque tranfverfis fufco-nigricantibus virgata. Pedus et abdomen fere albent. Crura longa fufco-flavefcunt. Magnitudine fuperat Otis Houbara gallum vulgarem gallinaceum. In Ara- bia defertis praecipue invenitur. THE RUFFED BUSTARD. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill a little convex. Nostrils open, oblong. Tongue floping on each fide near the end, and pointed. Legs long, and naked above the knees. T OES only three j no back toe. Pennant. SPECIFIC CH A R A C T E R, &c. Yellowifh Buftard, fpotted with brown, with very long ruff-like ncck-fea- thers ; the longer remiges marked by a patch of white. Ruffed Buftard. Le Houbara, ou petite Outarde huppce d’Afrique. Zat/j. 2. />. 805. Baf. oh. 2. p. 59. A mongst the birds of the genus Otis the moft fingular, as well as perhaps the rareft, is the fpecies reprefented on the prcl'ent plate, which is diftinguiftied from every other kind by a very large ruff of greatly length- ened feathers furrounding the lower part of the neck, and hanging down on each fide the breaft. This ruff can at pleafure be elevated or depreffed according to the will of the bird, and confifts of plumes of different colours : thofe thofe on each fide being chiefly white, while thofe on the back part are moffly black. The head is furnifhed with a white pertdent crcfl:. The neck is afh-coloured and undulated with black. The general colour of the plumage on the upper parts of the body is gilvous, or very pale yellowifli-brown, freckled with in- numerable Ipots and markings of dark-brown. The larger v»ing- feathers or re- mi o-es are black : each marked near the middle by a patch of white. The tail is of a moderate length, and of a pale or whitilh colour, fpeckled with brown, and marked by feveral tranfverfe bars of blackifli- brown. The breaft and belly are nearly' white. The legs are long and of a yellowilh-brown. The fize of this fpecies confiderably exceeds that of a common fowl. It is. found chiefly in the deferts of Arabia. P S IT- ( 217 ) PSITTACUS TERRESTRIS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. ‘ ^ Rostrum aduncum : mandibula fuperiorc mobili j cera inflru£ta. Nares in roftri bafi. Lingua carnofa, obtufa, Integra, Peoes fcanforii. Lin. Syfi. Nat. 13 CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &g. Pfittacus macrourus viridis, nigro flavoque maculatus, capiftro rubro> cauda flava fafciis numcrofis nigris, Pfittacus formofus. , Lath, tnd, orn. p. loj. N. B. Redrices duas intermediae viridcs flavo fafciatae. INTER aves quae ad nos a nova HoUandia nuper advenerint, parva eft ha:c pfittaci Ipecics : forma fane adeo venufta ut plurimis iiique formofiflimis ftii generis antecellat. Magnitudo eft quafi parvi Turturis. In ilia generis divifionc ponitur, quae fpecies tnacvourcis continet. Color imus eft gramineo-viridiftimus j fingulis plumis fuper dorfum hume- rofque macula nigra media flavo fafciata ornatis. Caput nigro leviter ftria- No. V. G g turn, ct in fronte macula rubra confpicitur. Cauda admodum cuncata, colons eft fiavinimi, redtricibus (intermediis exceptis,) fafciis plurimis nigerrimis tranf- verle notatis. Roftrum pedefque fubfufca. Infigniter difFert hfec avis a reliquo genere, quod nunquam arboribus infidat, fed loca amet juncofa et caricea, humi curfitans more ralli. Crura ei pedef- que longiora funt quam casteris pfittacis ; unguclquCj digitorum praecipue pofti- corum, ita ’ in longitudinem gracilefcunt ut ad alaudse unguium fimilitudinem quodammodo videantur accedere. ( 219 ) THE GROUND PARROT. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill hooked. Upper mandible moveable. Nostrils round, placed in the bafe of the bill. Tongue flelhy, broad, blunt at the end. Legs fhort. Toes formed for climbing; viz. two toes forward, and two backward. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Ac. Long-tailed green Parrot, fpotted with black and yellow ; t!ie frontlet red ; the tail yellow, with numerous black bars. N. B. The two middle tail feathers are green barred with yellow. A mongst the new fpecles of birds lately received from New Hol- land is a fmall Parrot, of an appearance fo fingularly beautiflil as to furpafs moft of the gay tribe to which it belongs. Its fize is that of a fmall Turtle, and it belongs to the divifion in this genus containing the plittaci macrouri or long-tailed parrots. The general colour of the bird is a full grafs-green, each feather on the back and Ihoulders being marked in the middle with a dalh or Ipot of G g 2 ( 220 ) black fafciatcd with yellow. The head is (lightly ftreaked with black, and in front is a red fpot. The tail is highly cuneiform ; all the feathers (ex- cept the intermediate ones) of a rich jonquil yellow, crolTed throughout the whole length with numerous bars of the deepeft black. It is remarkable, that this bird, (unlike the reft of its genus,) never perches on trees, but conftantly frequents fedgy and ru(hy places, running along the ground in the manner of a Rail. Its legs and feet are of a lon- ger and more (lender form than in other parrots } and the claws, particu- larly on the hind toes, are long and (lender, approaching in (bme degree to thofe of a Lark, ( 221 ) TETRAO UROGALLUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum conico-incurvutn, fornicatum. Macula fupra oculos nuda, papillofa. Pedes plumofi. Lath. ind. orn. f. 634. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. 1 '^ Tetrao pedibus hirfutis, cauda rotundata, axillis albis. Tetrao fufco-rufus, albis. Li». Syji. Nat. p. 273. capite colloque cinercis, gula abdomineque nigris, axillis Lath. ind. om. p. 634. Urogallus major. Brijf. I. f. 182. E MI NET inter congeneres Tetrao Urogallus, avium fane omnium galli- naceorum quotquot revera Europe^, fi Otidem communem excipiamus, facile maximus. Longus eft mas fere tres pedes, vix ac ne vix cedcns mag- nitudine Mcleagridi Gallopavoni Linna;i. Color corporis fuperioris et alarum eft ferrugineo-fufcus feu caftaneus, virgis Intequalibus tranfverfis maculifque nigricantibus notatus. Capiti colloque cinereis lineae t« I < I lineae innumerae nigraj obliquce obducuntur. Peflus nigrum, nitore relucens cximie vindi. Reliqua inferiora nigrant, abdomine et femoribus albo macu- latis. Cauda; lata;, rotundate, fufc£e, margines exteriores albo diftinguuntur. Roftrum validum et breve. Oculo utrique fuperirnponitur quafi crifta, feu cu- tis nuda produda ruberrima, granofa. Crura valida, plumis fufcis veftita. Inter marem et feminam mira diverlltas, cujus in variis avibus varia funt exempla. Mare multo minor femina maxima ex parte lucide ferruginea eft, lineis maculifque nigris variata. Nigrat dorfum cum parte quadam alarum,’ quarum reliquum fubnigrum maculis pallidis alpergitur. Aves has anteaftis temporibus abundanter protulit Britannia noftra, in par dbus pra:>cipue feptentrionalibus. In Scotia etiamnum,-rariflime tamen, dicuntur invenin. In Hibernia olim extitifle feruntur, jam deperditte. In Ardicis re gionibus, Suecia nempe et Norvegia, et in Alpinis Italicis frequentes demint Amant pr^cipue fylvas, baccifque vefcuntur j gemmis autem et feminibus'pini fylveftns creditor eas maxime deledari. ( 223 ) THE WOOD GROUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill convex, ftrong, and fhort. . A naked Jcarlet JIdn above each eye. Nostrils linall, and hid in the feathers. Tongue pointed at the end. ‘ Legs ftrong, feathered to the toes; and fometimes to the nails, of thofe with naked feet peftinated on each fide. The toes Pennant. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Ferruginous-brown Grous, with cinereous head and neck, black throat and belly, and white axillae. Coq de Bruy ere ou Tetras. Buff. i. p. 191. /. 5 * PL enl. 73, 74, Cock of the Wood, or Mountain. ^^■y- P' 53 * i* Will, orn, p. 172. /. 20. T he Tetrao Urogallus, or Cock of the Wood, may be confidered as the prince of its genus, and indeed, (if we exclude the Buftard,) may may be reckoned the largeft of all the European birds of the gallinaceous tribe. The fize of the male is fcarce inferior to that of a Turkey, and its length is not far fliort of three feet. Its general colour on the upper part of ( 224 ) of the body and wings is a ferruginous-brown or cheftnut, marked with irre- gular tranfverfe lines and fpots of blackifh. The head and neck are of a dark colour, owing to innumerable tranfverfe lines of black difpofed on an afli-coloured ground. The breaft is black with a rich glofs of ^een; the re- mainder of the under parts black j but varied on the thighs and belly with patches of white. The tail is broad, of a rounded lhape and of a dark colour, and is marked on the exterior fides with white. The bill is fliort and ftrong. Over each eye is a very confpicuous upright creft or produftion of bare, red, granulated fkin. The legs are ftrong, and coated with dulky feathers. Tke female is one of the moft remarkable inftances of that ftrange differ- ence which takes place in the oppofite fexes of many of the feathered tribe. It is much fmaller than the male, and its predominant colour is a bright ferruginous, barred and fpotted with black. The back and part of the wings are blacks the remainder of a browner caft, variegated with pale fpots. Thefe birds were once not uncommon in our own ifland; but v/ere chief- ly confined to the northern parts of the country : in Scotand they are ftill laid to exift, tho’ very rare. In Ireland they were alfo faid to be found, but feem at prefent unknown. In the more northern climates of Norway and Sweden they are frequent; as well as in many of the northern regi- ons of Afia, and in the Alpine trads of Italy. They live chiefly in woods, and feed principally on various kinds of berries, as well as on the buds and feeds of pine-trees, of which they are faid to be particularly fond. CO- C' 225 ) ' r-' 1'J ,ii-i -v ■ J j ' ^ COLUMBA CHALCOPTERA. J i I ■ I *' ^ !■ I I I : CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum rc6tum, verfus apicem delcendens. Nares oblongs;, membrana molli tumida lemiteftse. Lingua Integra. Ufi. Syjl. Nat. p. i-j^. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Columba fubfufca, roftro pedibufque rubris, tedtricibus fingulis macula au- reo-cuprea notatis. Columba Chalcoptera. Lath. ind. orn. p. 604. I N pulcherrimis quas a Nova Hollandia hadlenus afportatas funt avibus jure habeatur Columba Chalcoptera, quas magnitudine fere palumbi squalls eft, corpore graciliori et elegantiori. Color quoad fuperiora fulco-pallet, tec- tricibus alarum majoribus fingulis macula lata fplendide cuprea infignitis, unde per alam ducuntur totidem ordines metallici nitoris. Variata luce, variant quo- que maculs, pulchritudinem avis mirum in modum augentes. Pennarum, de quibus jam diximus, apices colons funt leviter cinerei. Remiges interiores No. V. H h feu feu fecundarii fimillter fpeculo luclde caeruleo-viridi, ut in anatum alis videre eft, notantur apicibus fufcis. Cauda plumbea feu caerulefcens prope apicem fafciam habet nigricantem. Colli latera nec non corpus inferius funt plumbeo-cjerulea, pe6bore vinario. A roftro trans oculos excurrit ftria fufca, et utrinque capiti imponitur nota albicans. Roftrum pedefque rubra. ■ • .... T HE COI^CrjiltBA Cll(VlLi:OT>T]El!LAu . TMJ3 ISjROIS'S^ai - WIT^tiEID ]Pl«JE01«r ( 127 ) fr : .-u.o;'' ' 10 ■ . THE " B R O N ZE-WINGED’ PI G’EON. ' H/ - _• .» J ^ i ^ - :iji.7 Lr!*i ‘if ^ t ' ■ ' , ■?,•. • vIgo i.Q £ ne R I c Character. ‘ j /• . -..yi^fii/ ’)o :i*f. ' , Bill weak, flender, ftrait at the bafe, with a loft protuberance in which the noftrih are lodged. Tongue entire. Legs Ihort : toes divided to the origin. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Brownilh Pigeon, with red beak and legs ; the coverts each marked with a fpot of golden copper- colour. Golden- winged pigeon. White's Voyage to New South JVales, p. 146. T his fpecies may certainly be numbered amongft the moft beautiful birds hitherto difeovered in the continent of New Holland. Its fize is nearly that of a wood-pigeon, but it is longer and of a more elegant form. The colour above is a fine pale brown, the larger wing-coverts being each marked by a broad patch of lucid copper-colour, and by their pofition on the wing forming fo many rows of large cupreous fpots, of the richeft me- tallic fplendor, and accompanied by a degree of varying lullre, which adds in a Angular manner to the elegance and beauty of the bird. Each of H h 2 thefe thele feathers is tipped with pale afh or dove-colour. The interior remiges or fecondaries are marked in the fame manner with a fpeculum of deep, lucid, blue-green, like that of a duck : the tips of thefe feathers are brown. The tail is lead-coloured, or blueifli, and marked near the end with a blackifh bar. The fides of the neck and under parts of the body are of a blueifh lead-colour, but the bread; has a ftrong caft of vinaceous. The fore- head is yellowilh-white. From the beak thro’ the eyes runs a ftreak of brown; and a whitilh mark is vifible on each fide the head. The bill and legs are red. / ANAS ( 229 ) ANAS GAMBENSIS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum lamellofo-dentatum, convexum, obtufum. Lingua ciliata, obtufa. Lift. Syjl. Nat. p. 194. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Anas nigra purpureo nitens, fubtus alba, humeris fpinofis, roftri bafi glbbo. Anas roftro baft gibbo, corpore nigro fubtus albo, dorfo purpurafcente, roftro pedibufque rubris. Lath. ind. orn. p. 839. Anas roftro femicylindrico, cera gibbofa, humeris Ipinofts. IJtt. Syjl. Nat. p. 195. Anas Gambenfts. Will. orn. 275, /. 61. C AR ENT pleraque mufea Anate Gambenft Linnaei, cujus meminit Wil- loughbeius nomine Gambo Gooje, notatque Lathamus in Synopft avium, vix aliud fpecimen in Britannia exftare praster quod in Mufeo Leveriano af- fervatur. Anas ^Egyptiaca Linnaei, fpecies penitus diverfa, a quibufdam fcrip- toribus cum hac confunditur. Notam ( ) Notam habet haec noftra prsecipuam fpinam magnam, acutam, validifTimam, utrinque fuper humeros fitam, quas quatnvis non huic fpeciei propria fit et pcculiaris, major tamen eft et eminentior quam in alia ulla quam adhuc no- vimus. Roftrum rubet, afllirgitque a baft mandibulae fuperioris tuber dilatatum in fronte. Tota avis fuperiiis nigrat, non fine purpurei cujufdam nitoris vef- tigis, exceptis genis humerifque quae albent. Pedus quoque inferius cum ab- domine albet. Crura pedefque rubra. In Africa nafcltur Anas Gambenfis, in regione Gambue praecipue confpeda. Magnitudine Anatem Anfcrcna Linnici a^quat. L ( n' )' THE GAMBIAN GOOSE. . ^ i- (■ ■ ’ ■ G E N E R I C ' C H A R A C T E R. i • Bill ftrong, broad, flat or deprefledj and commonly furniflied at the end with a nail. Edges marked with fharp lamella. Nostrils fmall, oval. Tongue broad, edges near the bafe fringed. Feet, middle toe the longeit. Pennant. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Purplilh-black Goofe, white beneath, with fpined fhoulders, and bill gib bous at the bafe. Gambo Goofe. PVill. orn. p. 360. npHE Anas Gambentts of Linnaeus, or Gambo Goofe of Willoughby, is 1 very rarely to be met with in colledions j and it is obfervcd by Mr. Latham, in his Synopfis of birds, that it is probably no where to be found in our own Country except in the Leverian Mufenm. The hgyp- tian goofe, (Anas Aegyptiaca. Lin.) a fpecies widely diftenng from it, has been fometimes confounded with it by ornithological writers. Its Its principal mark of diftinftion confifts in a large, ftrong, and lharp fpur, fituated on each flioulder : a particularity, which tho’ not peculiar to the prcfent fpecies, is poflefled by it in a far higher and more ftriking degree than any other yet difeovered. The bill is of a red colour, and rifes at the bafe of the upper mandible into an expanded protuberance in front. The whole upper part of the bird is black, with a caft or glofs of purple, except the cheeks and Ihoulders, which are white. The breaft and belly are alfo white. It is an African bird, and is principally found in the regions of Gasnbia. Its fize is that of a common goofe. PS 0- ( ^33 ) P SOPHIA CREPITANS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum cylindrico-conicum> convexum, longiore. Nares ovatae, patuls. Pedes tetradadyli, fiffi. acutiufculum, mandibula fuperiorc Lin. Syjl. Nat, p. 262. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Pfophia nigra, dorfo grifeo, pedore casruleo-viridi fplendente, orbitis nudis rubris. Lath. ind. orn. p, 657. Pfophia crepitans. Grus Pfophia. Lin. Syft, Nat. p. 263. Pall. Spic. 4* N O MEN inde adepta eft hsec avis quod a peculiari partium mternarum difpofitionem proveniat fimile quiddam voci palumbis ; fed abruptius et majori intervallo : quodque qr^cipue auditor poft ftnitam vocem communem ab ore, cui fere conftanter refpondet fonus interior. -SIquat faltem magnitudine gallum vulgarem gallinaceum, quo fane major ' detur ob colli crurumque longitudinem. Color niger eft, nitorc casru eo vin I * ct ( 434 ) ct mutabili fuper pedus praecipue perfufo. Penna?, quas in collo et pedore, breves, rotundatae, fericae,’ et fquanaifbriTies ; quae vero in corpoire et alis, elongatje, feu e fibris laxis longifque conftantes. Dorfi et alarum, quae cinerea, pars fumma nitet quiddam ferrugineum. In America Auftrali generatur Pfophia crepitans. Convenit huic modo vi- vendi turn Grallis, turn Gallinis, quippe non modo grana comedit, fed et pifces. THE PSOlPHIA ClLEFITAUS Z^oriclan PvtlfU/h’U cu>' Act r/lrects Fcl ^ 2 ,^ h The TmiMFETEii J ,JP*ar7Ur^on Levertati JSdt^euttr . Bill fhort, upper mandible a little convex. Nostrils oblong, funk, and pervious. Tongue cartilaginous, flat, torn, or fringed at the end. Legs naked a litde above the knees. Toes, three before j one fltiall behind, with a round protuberance beneath the hind toe, which is at a flnall diftance from the ground. Pennant, SPECIFIC CHARACTER,- &c. Black T rumpeter, with grey-brown back j breaft glofled with bluc-gretn , orbits of the eyes red and naked. L’Agami Suf. ois, 4. f. 487. t, PL enl. 169. T H E curious bird reprefented on the prefent plate has obtained its com- mon title from an extraordinary circumftance in the conformation of its internal organs, in confequence of which it is enabled at pleafure to produce an uncommon found, not ill refembling the voice of a wood -pigeon, but more abrupt, or interrupted. This particularity is moft obfervable after the bir 112 emitted % emitted its common or natural note by the mouth, which is almoft conftantly fucceeded by the internal found above-mentioned. The fize of this bird is at leaft equal to that of a common fowl, but its length of neck and legs give it a ftill larger appearance. Its general colour is black, richly glolTed (particularly on the breaft) with a changeable blue- green. The feathers on the neck and breaft are Ihort and fcale-likc : thofe on the wings and body long-fibred and loofe. The wings and back are ci- nereous, accompanied on the upper parts with a ferruginous caft. It is a native of South America, in many parts of which it is not un- common. In its habits and manner of life it feems to partake of the nature both of the Gralte and Galling, feeding not only in the manner of poultry, on grain and vegetables, but likewife on fiih. ( 237 ) ;V • Ary^hfiJ P; O ■ J - - ^ CALL ^ AS CINEREA. ■S'.- I . : :!• ' ."'■.-J'U CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum incurvatum, fornicatuin, mandibula inferiore breviore, fubtus ad bafin canmculata. Nares depreflfe, membrana fubcartilaginca femitedtac. Lingua fubcartilaginca, apicc lerrato-bifida, ciliata. Pedes ambulatorii. Lath, ind, orn. Gmel. Syji. Nat. i' CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Calteas nigricans, oculis caeruleis, palearibus rubris. Glaucopis cinerea. Calkeas cinerea. Lath, ind, orn, f. i49» T N ilUnitn avium numero eft Calteas, quas nuperis temporibus regioncs * antardiicte fuppeditarunt. Quod ad ejus notitiam pervenerint pny i ropa:,, debecur oranino illuftrifflmo Cook, quo duce iter fitcientibus navtbus, a Kova Zeiandia allata eft. Ibi fatis abundare dicitur. \ Longa ( 138 ) Longa eft drclter quindecim uncias, magnitudine corvo glandarlo Linnaei fimilis. Color cinereus pene nigricat. Frons penitus nigrat> et utrinque a mandibula inferiore dependet caruncula rotundata> magna, rubra ; quails fere cernitur in gallo vulgar! gallinacco. Caruncula utriufque bafts eft caerulea. Oculorum quoque irides lucide casruleae. Cauda loiigula Icviter cuneata* Mores huic fere iidem ac cervino generi. THE The Wat tee Ehud , Caeeisas Cinejrea. London JUl^hJ thr.h-t d.,M^ Fet fy l,F.,rk.,,fhn Lo.or...n,S[uj:nm ( ^39 ) THE WATTLE-BIRD. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill incurvated and arched; the lower mandible fliorter than the upper, and furnilhed with a pair of wattles. Nostrils deprefled, half covered with a fomewhat cartilaginous mem- brane. Tongue fub-cartilaginous, divided at the end, and ciliated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Blackilh Watde-bird, with blue eyes, and red wattles. Cinereous Wattle-bird. La/i. Syn. i, p. 364. T he Wattle Bird is one of thofe kte acquifitions with which the dif- coverics in the fouthern Hemifphere have enriched ornithology. It was a bird entirely unknown to the naturaiifts ot Europe, till brought during the voyages of the late Captain Cook from New Zealand, where it is faid to be not uncommon. Its ( 240 ) It! length is about fifteen inches, and its fize that of a jay. Its colour is an uniform deep cinereous or rather nearly black i the front of the head is of a deep black, and from beneath the lower mandible on each fide hangs a rounded wattle, of confiderable fize and of a red colours in fub- ftance not ill refembling the fame part in the common cock. The bafe of each watde is blue. The irides of the eyes are alfo of a bright blue. The tail is rather long, and in fliape flightly cuneiform. In its manners it feems much to refemble the birds of the genus Corvus. ( 241 ) LANIUS LEVERIANUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum rediufculum, dente utrinque verfus apicem, bafi nudum. Lingua laccra. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. iJ 4 * CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Lanius cauda cuneiform!, corpore albo nigroque vario, reftricibus omni bus apice albis. p, 73. Lanius Leverianus. 302. . 11 ■ ■ T o«-Vi!>m5 Tentcntia avem hanc ranflimam F ret US ommno celebernmi Latham LanUs nu.er.vi, «cec fonaTe huic -vralVl c« refDOndcat Spades eft de cujus hiftoria locoque natal. mh.l adhnc pro ce . ' eft nec ab alio quoplam defcripta eft prxter Lathamum. qn. m fynoprLm ’nomine ea,n diftinxit apto fails et idoneo via Shr.k,, Corvi enim Picte Linn*i fpecimini p-af.llo pnmo .ntu.tu f.m,ll..m eft. No. V. K k Ob- i ( 242 ) Obfervavk autem Lathamus earn ad genus Corvi nequaquam pcfife pcrtl- nere, quippe quod careat capiftro reverfo, leu fetarum ferie, quae in ifto ge- nere inlignes funt ad diftinftioncin. T'Jotavit praeterea, licet ob roftium validum inter Loxias fortalTe non inepte poffet difponi, ad Laniorum tamen fimilitudi- ncm magis accedere. Magnitudine turduixi vulgareiu feu inullcum fere a;quat I^nius Ixverianus. THE ( 243 ) THE LEVERIAN SHRIKE. GENERIC C>H A R A C T E R. Bill ftrait, hooked only at the end, near the end of the upper mandible a fliarp procefs. Nostrils round, covered with ftlff briftlcs. Tongue jagged at the end. Toes divided to the origin. Pennant. T AIL cuneiform. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Shrike wi* cuneiform tail i body varied with black and white ; the tips of all the tail-feathers white. Magpie Shrike. 152. rT is entirely in compliance with the opinion of Mr. Latham that [ JyL and curious bird her. reprefented U placed under the genus .anius. though not “U„t^ a„dw.3nLr ill Mr. Latham introduced it into his Synopfis o ir s. of « Maipu SWri a name by no means ill adapted to the appearance K k 2 tlie bird, which, at firft view, bears a ftriking rcfemblance to a diminutive fpecimen of the Corvus Pica of Linn^us, or common magpie. Mr. Latham has obferved that it cannot with propriety be referred to the genus Corvus, fince it is deftitute of the capiftrum reverilim, or leries of briftles in front, which charafterize that genus. He alfo adds, that though the ftoiitnefs of the beak might almoft admit of its being placed in the genus Loxia, yet it feems to have more conformity with that of Lanius. Its fizc is that of a fmall thrufh, and its length about ten inches. ( 245 ) DASYPUS NOVEM-CINCTUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes molares plures, abl'que primoribus, abfque laniariis. Corpus cataphradium tefta offca, zonis incerfeda. Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. 53. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Dafypus cingulis novem, palmis tctradadylis, plantis pentadadylis. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 54. Cataphradus fcutis duobus, cingulis novem. Lriff. ^adr. 42. Tatus. ^ 935- DASYPUS 12-CINCTUS? C PI A R A C T E R SPECIFICUS, &c. Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. 53. cim ? BriJ. ^adr. 43. Seb. muj. i. p. 47 * 30 - /• 3 > 4 - Dafypus unicindus ? Cataphradus fcutis duobus, cingulis duodecim ? Tatu feu Armadillo Africanus. > H YSTRICES fane et Erinaceos fpinis longis et mucronatis, Manimque fquamis validis et acutis contexit Natura : habet vero Daiypus loricam offeam, mire adeo confedam, eximieque ornatam, ut exquifitiffimum artihcium non fine ftupore poflit confpici. Huic quidem generi gula pedus et abdomen Appro- ( 446 ) Appropinquante periculo. illico fefc contrahere folet Dafypus in formam ovi, vimque omnem mediocrem facile poteft fuftincre. Noau potiffimum eva- gatur, et vermibus, frugibus, et radicibus innocue vefcitur : interdiu in antris fubterraneis habitat. Caro ejus multum laudatur ; et in deliciis ab Americas Auftralioris incolis habetur. Brafiliam et Guianam prascipue incolunt Dafy- podes. Valde inter fe fimiles funt varias hujus generis fpecies, praecipuequc illas diftinguit in loricato corpore circulorum numerus. Inter pulchernmas funt Ipecies jam depift®. Ftecunda funt hxc animalia, frequentefque partus edunt. In magnam mo- lem rariflime crefcunt, nec faepe longitudine unum pedem fuperant j cauda excepta. BufFonus tamen fpeciem defcripfit, quae tres fere pedes praeter cau- dam longa fuit. Fortafle igitur qui in Europam advefti fuerint Dafypodes, ad plenam ixiagnitudinem non pervenerant. \ THE ( H7 ) THE NINE-BANDED ARMADILLO. GENERIC character. Grinders only, without either cutting or canine teeth. Body covered by a fort of ofleous armour. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &:c. Armadillo with the arm.our divided on the back into nine bands or zones. American Armadillo. Phil. PranJ, 54. p. 57. /. 7. Le Cachichame, ou Tatou a neuf bandes. Buff. 10. p. 215. /. 37. Pig-headed Armadillo. Crew's Rarities ^ 18. ; ir i '' ■ \ I THE TWELVE-BANDED ARMADILLO? SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Armadillo with armour divided into twelve bands, Le Kabaflbu, ou Tatou a douze bandes. Buff. 10. p. 2x8. /. 40. Twelve-banded Armadillo? Pennant, ^adr. p. 501. N ATURE, which has clothed the Porcupine and the Hedgehog with fliarp quills, and the Manis with ftrong fcales, has bellowed on the genus Dafypus a complete fuit of armour, fo admirably conftrudled and fo cleganUy ornamented, that it is impoffible to view without aftonilhment an ap- paratiis t I » , , I : 1 • ! ' ( 248 ) paratus of fo much ciirlonty. The throat, breaft, and belly, are covered wich a granulated Ikin. On the approach of danger thefe animals roll themfelves up into an oval form, and are then fo fecurely cafed up in their bony covering, that no common force can injure them. They are of a perfeftly harmlefs nature, and wander about chieHy by night, in quell: of infefts, roots, and fruit; and in the day-time refide in their holes, which they make under ground. Their flelh is reckoned excellent, and is much admired by the inhabitants of South America. They are found principally in Brazil and Guiana. There is a great general refemblance between the feveral fpecies of Ar- madillos, and they are principally diftinguilhed by the number of divilions on the body part of their armour. The two fpecies reprefented on the prefent plate may be reckoned amongft the moll elegant of the genus. Armadillos in general are prolific animals, and breed frequently. They do not grow to a large fize, and are feldom feen of more than a foot in length, exclufive of the tail. Yet the Count de BufFon has defcribed one which meafured near three feet without the tail : in all probability thofe which are generally brought over to Europe are not arrived at their full fize. C MUSEUM LEVERIANUM, CONTAINING SELECT SPECIMENS From the MUSEUM of the late SIR ASHTON LEVER, Kt. WITH DESCRIPTIONS IN LATIN AND ENGLISH, % * • B y GEORGE SHAW, M. D. F. R. S. PUBLISHED BY JAMES PARKINSON;., PROPRIETOR OF THE ABOVE COLl. ECTION. M.DCC.XCVI. VI RO ORNATISSIMO JOSEPHO BANKS, BARONETTO, HONOR ATISSIMI ORDINIS BALNEI E Q^U I T I, regia: SOCIETATIS LONDINENSIS P R A S I D I, SECUNDUM HUNC MUSEI LEVERIANI FASCICULUM D. D. D. JACOBUS PARKINSON. MUSEUM LEYERIANUM* No/ VI. VULTUR GRYPHUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. - Rostrum redtum, apice aduncum. • Caput (plerumque) impenne, antice nuda cute. Lingua bifida. Lin. SyJ}. Nat, p. I2r. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Vultur niger, remigibus fecundariis albis, caruncula verticali comprefla, gula nuda rubra, collo utrinque carunculato. Vultur Gryphus. V: maximus, caruncula verticali longitudine capitis, gula nuda. Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. I2i. Lin. SyJI. Nat. Gmel. p. 245. Vultur Magellanicus. Mus. Lev. No. i. p. i. t. i* C UM fpecimen, quod in ipfo limine hujus operis depingitur, crifta caruerit eredla et acuta, cujus praecipue meminerunt peregrinatores et phyfici, licet alios charadteres plerumque leviter tetigerint ; quamque evidentem efle et VoL. II. B ( 2 ) infignem diftincftionis notam affirniat Linnaeus ; paululum addubitavimus efletne avis noftra revera Vultur Gryphus Linnaei, et tutius putavimus earn alio nomine diftinguere. At jam nafti eximium fpecim^n quod ab oris Magellanicis in Mufeum Lcvcrianum tranftulit Dominus Middletonus, dux nauticus, certo certius habemus, vulturem quern Magellcmicum nominavimus, feminam fuifle Gryphum, state minus provedam. Domino igitur Middletono debetur quod jam poffumus de multis figillatim et fidenter dkere quae hadenus phyficos latuerunt. Prscipue notatu dignus eft faccus qui in gula, feu pellis qusdam dilatata, a baft mandibuls inferioris longe per collum duda. Prodeunt etiam e late- ribus colli appendiculs feptem quafi carnes, feu carunculs femicirculares et velut auriformes, magis magifque decrefcentes, alia fuper aliam leviter ob- duds, et prope csrules. Totum collum pedufque rubentia carent plumis, pilis tantum raris et nigricantibus hue illuc afperfa. Magna eft crifta capitis, ereda, baft crafta, tnargine acuto et quafi cultrato, nec omnino squalis, fed leviter linuata, medio paultrium depre fl b, parte poftica alfurgente ; Isvis prs- terea, lateribus inaequaliter convexts, quoad fubftantiam non longe abfimilis crifts vulturis qui Papa dicitur. Ab hac crifta parvo intcrvallo fita eft et alia minor utrinque ad nucham, fnfftilitei* ctfnlexta, d Airta lanugine veftita. Co- lor criftarum fere nigricat, nonnutlis in locis paululum caeruleHs et fubru- bens. A collo inferiore dependet tuberculum pyriforme, ei omnino fimile quod gerit femina quam prius deferipfimus, cuique in omnibus refpondet mas de quo dilferimus, excepta magnitudine. Diftat apex als unius ad apicem alterius circiter quatuordecim pedes. Copiam dat nobis hoc fpecimen non levem errorem corrigendi, in quern inciderunt nonnulli audores, qui forte avem vivam longius fedentem, alis claufis, /emigibufque albis fecundariis dorfum celantibus confpexerint, feu mortuam incuriofe et ofeitanter examinaverint. Dorfim enim dicunt album \ efle, quod carbonaria eft nigredine. Cumque latius fe dilfeminare plerumque foleat [ 'i \ ( 3 ) foleat error, eundem evulgavit Dominus Gmelinius in nova editione fyftc- matis Linnaeani, Molinam fecutus, qui Lathamum quoque, cum pr*clarum opus Indicem ornithologicum cdidit, videtur a vero abduxifle. Similiter quo- que peccavit Dominus Kerr, qui fyftema Linnaeanum in linguam Anglicam tranftulit. Nec praeterendum eft omnes hos audores caudam avis parvam af- firmafle, quae certe nwjufcula eft, ft cum corpora comparetur. B 2 THE Bill ftrait, hooked at the tip. Head commonly bare of feathers, with a naked Ikin in front. Tongue bifid. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Black Vulture, with the Ihorter wing-feathers white ; the head furnilhed with an upright comprelTed flefhy creft or comb, the throat naked and red ; the neck carunculated on each fide. The Magellanic Vulture. Mus. Lev. No. i. />. 4. />/. i. TN the defcription of this fpecies in the firft Number of the prefent work, I had fome reafon to doubt whether the fpecimen there figured could be confidered as the real Vultur Gryphus of Linnaeus, or genuine Peruvian Con- dor ; from the circumftance of its wanting the crifta comprella, or ereft Ihar- pened creft or comb on the head, which makes fo confpicuous a figure in the flight defcriptions which have commonly been given of that bird by tra- vellers and naturalifts, and which Linnaeus had fixed upon as the principal characfter of the fpecies ; for which reafon it was thought advifable to dif- tinguifli it by a different name. The magnificent fpecimen, however, now delineated, and which was brought from the Magellanic coafts by Captain Middleton of the Royal Navy, and foon after introduced into the Leverian Mufeum, ViuxTiDM. , Tmje Coi^roon. ) ( 5 ) Mufeum, has long fince difpelled every doubt relative to the fpecies ; and it is perfedly clear, that the former fpecimen, or Vultur Magellanicus, was the female Condor in a lefs advanced ftate of growth. By this highly interefting fpecimen w'e are enabled to afccrtain with pre- cifion many particulars relative to the appearance of the bird which have hi- therto efcaped obfervation. Of thefe one of the moft remarkable is a kind of gular pouch, or large dilated Ikin, of a blueilh color, proceeding from the bafe of the lower mandible, and reaching to fome diftance down the neck. On each fide the neck is alfo fituated a row or feries of Hat, carncous, femi- circular, or ear-fhaped flaps or appendages, to the number of feven on each fide, and which gradually decreafe in fize as they defeend ; being fo difpofed as to lap nightly over each other. The whole neck and breaft are of a red color, and perfedly bare of feathers ; being only coated here and there with a few ftraggling filaments of blackifii hair or coarfe down. The color of the lateral wattles or carunculae inclines to blueilh. The creft, or comb on the head, is large, upright, thick at the bafe, lharpened on its edge, and not en- tirely even in its outline, but fomewhat linuated, finking flightly in the middle, and riling higher on the back part. It is fmooth, and irregularly convex on the lides, and in its texture or fubftance not greatly diflimilar to that of the Vultur Papa of Linnaeus, or King Vulture. At a flight diftance behind this, on each fide, is fituated a much fmaller femi-oval nuchal creft of a fimilar fubftance, and befet with coarfe down. The color of the creft is blackilh, flightly inclining to reddilh and blueilh in fome parts. Towards the lower part of the neck is the fame kind of pear-lliaped pendent tubercle as in the female bird before deftribed, and which, in every refpedl indeed except in fize, it perfedlly refembles. The extent of this bird from wing’s end to wing’s end is about fourteen feet. This fpecimen affords an opportunity of correding a very important error in the deferiptions of the Condor given by general obfervers, who feem to have ( 6 ) have defcribed it from a curfory view, either from the living bird, when feated at fome diftance with its wings clofed, or from too inattentive a fur- vey of the dead fpecimen. Such defcriptions tell us that the back of the bird is white ; which, on the contrary, is coal-black ; an error moft evidently owing to having feen the bird with the wings clofed over the back, fo that the white fecondaries covered it from view. This erroneous defcription is copied by Dr. Gmelin, in his new edition of the Syftema Naturae of Lin- naeus, from Molina, who has given a fimilar one himfelf. Molina’s defcrip- tion feems alfo to have mifled Mr. Latham, who, in his Index Ornithologkus, has defcribed the Condor as having the back white inftead of black. In Mr. Kerr’s tranflation of Gmelin’s edition of the Syftema Naturae, the felf- fame miftake is again repeated : fo widely does an error once received fpread its contagion thro’ fucceeding pages. I muft add, that in all thefe defcrip- tions the tail is exprefsly faid to be fmall ; which, on the contrary, is ra- ther large in proportion to the bird. PARADISEA ( 7 ) PARADISEA REGIA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum capiftri plumis tomentofis teftum. Penn^ hypochondriorum longiores (plerifque.) Rectrices duae fuperiores fingulares denudatae. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Paradifea caftaneo-purpurea, fubtus albida, fafcia pecftorali viridi-aurca, rec- tricibus duabus intermediis filiformibus, apicc lunato-pennaceis. Lath. ind. orn. p. 149. Rex avium paradifaearum. Pet. Gaz. i. t. 53, Clus. exot. 362. Manucodiata minor. Brifs. av. 2. p. 136. t. 13./. 2. Avis regia, feu Paradifiaca minor Amboinenfis. Seh. Mus. i. /. 38./. 5. I N genere Paradifeo continentur aves quarum eleganti formas decus addunt colores venuftillimi. Paradifeam communem feu caftaneam (quae Paradifea apoda Linnaei) in hoc opere non ita pridem depinximus. Speciem jam per- gimus defcribere hac longe rariorem, quae vix alauda major, in infulis multis Indicis generator. Color generalis eft pulcherrime rubro-ferrugineus, non fine fummo nitore. Ducitur per peclus fafcia lata viroris adeo graminei, ut la- turatiorem et fulgentiorem non jacftent ipforum trochilorum plumae. Eodem quoque 1 1 I ) \ quoque colore decorantur apices nonnullarum pennarum ab hypochondriis prodeuntium ; nec non pennarum iftarum nudarum ab uropygio crefcentium extremitates plumatae, et quali Ipirae in modum contortae. Ingenio longe differt perpulchra haec avis a fpecie communi, quae cater- vatim, ut plurimum, volare folet: folitudinis enim amans raro fibi adjungit comitem. Vefci dicitur prajcipue majoribus papilionibus, more reliquorum congenerum. * I ( 9 ) THE ROYAL PARADISE-BIRD. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill furrounded at the bafe by velvet-like feathers. Hypochondrial feathers (in moft fpecies) long and loofe. Two naked fliafts proceeding from the rump. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Ferruginous Paradife-bird, whitifli beneath, with a golden-green band acrofs the breaft ; the two intermediate tail-feathers filiform, with lunated fea- thery tips. Roi des Oifeaux de Paradis, Son. Voy. p. 156. t. 95. King of the greater Birds of Paradife. Edw. /.in. Le Manucode. Buff. 3. 163. - ) '"T^HE fplendid genus Paradifea contains birds in the higheft degree beau- tiful in point of color, as well as fingular in point of appearance. The common or chefnut-colored Paradife-Bird has already been figured in the pre- fent work. That now reprefented is a fmaller fpecies, viz. about the fizc of a lark. It is a native of many of the^Eaft Indian iflands, and is con- fidered as a much rarer fpecies than the former. Its general color is a very rich red-ferruginous, accompanied by the higheft degree of glofly luftre; VoL. II. C while t while acrofs the breaft runs a broad band of the brighteft grafs-green, of fo vivid an appearance as to equal the varying fplendor difplayed in the colors of fome of the Humming-birds: The extremities of fome of the hypbchon- drial or fide-feathers are alfo of a fimilar appearance ; and the two naked or lhaft-feathers, which fpring from above the tail, are ornamented at the ends with a circular or fomewhat fpimlly-turned and plumed web of the fame rich color as the feathers before-defcribed. This beautiful bird is faid to differ confxderably in its manners from the common Pamdife-bird, which is often fcen flying in flocks: this, on the contrary, is of a more folitary nature, and is commonly obferved Angle. Like others of its genus it is fuppofed to feed principally on the larger butterflies. BRADYPUS ( " ) BRADYPU.S TRIDACTYLUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes Primores nulli utrinque. Laniarii obtufi, folitarii, molaribus longiores, occurfkntes. Molares utrinque quinque, obtufi. Corpus pilis tedium. Lin. Syjl, Nat, p. 50. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Bradypus pedibus omnibus tridadlylis. Bradypus tridadlylus. Vivarium Naturae, tab. 5. Bradypus pedibus tridadlylis, cauda brevi. Lin. Syfl. Nat. p. 50. , Ignavus. Clus. exot. p. 372. fig. p. 373. Tardigradus pedibus anticis et pofticis tridadlylis. Bri/s. quad. p. 21. Ai. Buff. Hijl. Nat. 13. p. 34. t. 6 . "DRADYPUM tridadlylum, quadrupedum omnium tardiflimum, toties dc- feripferunt phyfici, ut de eo fjpeciatim difTerere fere fupervacaneum vi- deatur. Cum tamen ipfum vivum animal in natalibus regionibus examinaverit Pifo, audiant eum velim ledlores, qui certe, fi quis alius, quicquid bradypo proprium et peculiare fit, optime novit. Q 2 Mcdiocris ( 12 ) Mediocris canis eft magiiitudine, roftro ad afpecftum foedo, et perpetua- faliva madido, cauda admodum brevi ; unguibus ad digitorum fimilitudinem prominentibus, tenaciter adeo tenet quicquid apprehendit, ut pendens dormiat fecurc, quia a jundura pedis cum tibia tres nervi folidiflimi, ad quemlibet unguem unus intentus tcndit, quibus ungues incurvare, et validilTime fe ftiH. tentarc poteft. Corio eft folidiflimo et tenaci. Totum corpus prolixis et mollibus pilis cinerei colons eft veftitum, et ex occipitio coma cerviccm ve- lat jubarum inftar, lentoque ipfa ventris adipe vcrrit humum, nec unquam in pedes exfurgit, etiamfi quaedam imagines id videntur exprimere. Non bibit, viditat arborum foliis, et in earum cacuminibus degit plerumque : qua- rum in afcenfu biduum circiter, tantumdem in defcenfu ponit. Neque vcro acKiortationibus tantum aut minis fed ne plagis quidem fuftibufve, beftiam vel tantillum dc infita ignavia ac tarditate dimoveas.” k THE ■ " r VQC ( *3 ) THE THREE-TOED SLOTH, GENERIC CHARACTER. No Cutting-Teeth in either jaw. Canine Teeth obtufe^ Angle, longer than the grinders, placed oppofite. ' Fore- Legs much longer than the hind } Claws very long. , / SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Sloth with three claws on all the feet. Three-Toed Sloth. Naturalijl's Mifcellany. pL 5. Three-Toed Sloth. Penn. Hijl. Quad. 2. p. 240. L’Ai. Puff. HiJl. Nat. 13. 44. t. 5. 6. T he three-toed Sloth, a quadruped diftinguilhed above all others by the extreme flownefs of its motions, has fo often been defcribed by writers on natural hiftory, that a peculiar enumeration of its qualities might feem, in a great degree, unneceflary. The account however given by Pifo, who examined the living animal in its native regions, may not be unacceptable to thofe who might wifh for the moft authentic information relative to fo extraordinary a creature. It is of the fize (fays Pifo) of a middling dog, with an unpleafant look- ing fnout, which is conftantly wet with faliva : the tail is very ftiort > *• ® . / . I * ' I 'I 'i:: : : ii claws projedting in the manner of fingers, with which it fo tenacioufiy holds whatever it faftens upon as to be able to fleep fecurely in this hanging pof- ture; three extremely ftrong tendons pafRng from the jundure of the foot with the tibia, each going to its refpedlive claw, by which means it is thus enabled to fupport itfelf. The fkin is very ftout and tenacious ; the whole body is covered with long, foft, afli-coloured hair, and from the hind part of the head grows a kind of long hair, covering the neck in the manner of a mane. In crawling it trails along the ground with its belly, and never rifes up on its feet, tho’ fome figures feem fo to reprefent it. It never drinks ; lives on the leaves of trees, and commonly refides on their tops ; employ, ing about two days in climbing up, and as many in defcending; nor can it be made in the leaft to quicken its pace, or conquer its natural fluggifli, nefs, by any incitements, threats, or even ftripes or blows. PSITTACUS ( *5 ) PSITTACUS MAGNIFICUS. ‘^j CHARACTER G E N E R I C U S. Rostrum aduncum ; mandibula fuperiore mobili ; cera inftruda. Nares in roftri bafi. Lingua carnofa, obtufa, Integra. Pedes fcanforii. Lin. Syji. Nat. p. 139, IN '^1 CHARACTER S P E C I F I C U S, &c. Pfittacus brachyurus fubcriftatus niger, fronte humerifque gilvo pundatis, cauda medio rubra nigro fafciata. Vivarium Natura. tom. i.^t. 50. Pfittacus Bankfii. Lath. ind. orn. p. 106. A VI huic adultac et fatis plumatae denegari non debet locus inter pfit- tacini generis fpecies venuftiffimas. Saepius tamen accidit, ut multa fit colorum variatio. Caudam nempe mediam in nonnullis fpeciminibus per- currit fafcia latiffima aurantio-rubra, ipfa virgis plurimis nigris notata, qua; in aliis eft intemerati ruboris, fine ullo virgarum nigrarum veftigio. Exftat quoque varietas adeo ambigua ut dubitari merito pollit annon revera 1 fit fpecies, cuius media cauda colore tantum eft melino, pundlis itqaalibus crcbOTime irrorato : quern avem ipfe defcripfi in titulo pfittaci funerei. Figura noftra pfittacum magnificum feu Bankjiamm of- tendit integerrimas habentem fummae pulchritudinis notas, caudam nempe au- rantio-rubram non fine fafciis nigris. In Auflralia dctedta erat haec fpecies, quum orbem antardlicum primo petiit folertiflimus ille naturae indagator, I Jofephus Bankfius. ( *7 ) t THE MAGNIFICENT COCKATOO. GENERIC CHARACTER. •' r Bill hooked; upper mandible moveable. Nostrils round, placed in the bafe of the bill. Tongue flelhy, broad, blunt at the end. Legs Ihort. Toes formed for climbing, viz. two forward and two back- w'ard. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Even-tailed Black Parrot, with the head fomewhat crelled, the front and fhoulders fpotted with buff; the middle of the tail red, crolTcd with black bars. The Bankfian Cockatoo. Lath. Synops. Suppl. p. 63. pi. 109. The Magnificent Cockatoo. Naturalijl's Mijcellany. pi. 50. ''HIS bird, when in full perfeiflion, may be confidered as one of the moft auguft of its tribe : it is fubjedt however to much variation as to color : the tail, which in fome fpecimens is marked in the middle by a very broad band of bright orange-red, traverfed by numerous ftripes of black, is in others entirely of a vivid red in that part, without the leaf! appearance of the black tranfverfe bars. There is alfo a variety fo highly lingular, as to make it doubtful whether it may not be really a diftindl Ipecies ; in which VoL. II. D , the the middle of the tail, inftead of the colors above defcribed, is of a pale dull yellow or ftraw-color, freckled all over with innumerable black irregular fpecks • in which ftate it is defcribed in the Naturalijl's Mijcellany, under the title of Pfittacus funereus. The prefent plate {hews the magnificent or Bank- fian Cockatoo in its molt beautiful ftate. in which the vivid crimfon of the tail is ornamented by the black fafciae. This fpecies was difcovered during the firft voyage of Sir Jofeph Banks to the Southern Hemifphere, and is a native of New Holland. VIVERRA VI VERR A ( *9 ) LEVERIANA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes Primores fex: intermediis brevioribus. Molares plures quam tres. Lingua retrorfum faepius aculeata. Ungues exferti. Lin. Syjl, Nat, p. 63. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Viverra cinerea nigro maculata, cauda annulata, genis gulaque nigris> ma- cula utrinque fuboculari alba. V IVERRAM hanc, cum a general! fimilitudine nulla fuerit aberratio, ac- curate fatis defcripferunt Buffonus et alii audtores. Indiam incolit, ct nonnullas Africse regiones. Colons eft plerumque cinerei, ferrugineo leviter commifti ; ftriis tribus vel quatuor a poftica capitis parte fuper humeros per dorfum anticum decurrentibus. Inter fpecimen autem quod jam depinximus et reliqua pleraque adeo notabilis eft colorum difcrepantia, ut illud fpeciatim defcribere Pennanto vifum fit in hiftoria quadrupedum. Liceat igitur celc- berrimi phyfici verba ledloribus proferre. < I i % ' I ( 1 A i } ' t D 2 ** Speciminis, I ( 20 ) “ Speciminis, quod in Mufeo Lcveriano confpicitur, divcrfa adeo a reli- quis eft facies, ut pleniori defcriptione videatur indigere. Utrinque ad na- fum macula alba; altera fub utroque oculo. Quod reliquum nafi eft cum genis gulaque nigrum. Aures permagnae, eredae, rotundatx, tenues, nudae, nigr*. Frons, latera corporis, femora, uropygium, crurumque pars fuperior, cinerea. In dorfo funt plures pili longi, nigri. Super humeros, latera, et uropygium, fparfe funt variae maculae nigrae. Cauda ad apicem nigra, verfus bafin ferrugineo mifta, nigro leviter annulata, Pedes nigri, ungues albi.” Satis tamen patet debere fpecimen, de quo jam agitur, infignem varietatem haberi; cumque Leverianam dicimus, uti volumus figno diftindtionis. Notan- dum praeterea eft, figuram quam effingi curavit BufFonus, non longe ab hac noftra recedere etiam in maculis. Feri ingenii eft haec Viverra, et aegre man^ fuefeit. In infula Madagafcaria praecipue generatur. THE ,( ) THE L E V E R I A N J i F O S S A N E. ■ GENERIC CHARACTER. Six cutting-teeth, and two canine teeth in each jaw. Sharp nofe : flender body. Five toes before: five behind. Pennant. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Cinereous Weafel (FolTane), fpotted with black; with the tail annulatcd ; the cheeks and throat black ; with a white fpot beneath each eye. The FolTane Weafel. Far. Penn. Htji. Quad. vol. 2* p. 76. T^HE Foflane in its moft common or general ftate, has been long ago deferibed with fufficient exadlnefs by the Count de Buffon, and other naturalifts. It is an inhabitant of the Eaft Indies and fome parts of Afri- ca. In its difpofition and manner of life it refembles moft others of the weafel tribe. It is commonly of a cinereous color, with fome flight mix- ture of a ferrugineous tint ; and is marked with three or four black ftreaks proceeding from the back part of the head, and running along the Ihoul- ders over the fore-part of the back. The prelent Ipecimen however varies fo much from the general appearance as to color, that Mr. Pennant in his . ‘ a Hiftory Hiftory of Quadrupeds has thought it neceflary to give a particular defcrip- tion of its markings. On this occafion therefore we cannot do better than quote the words of that eminent zoologift. *< fpecimen in the Leverian Mufeum differred in fb many reipefts that it is neceflary to give a full defcription of it, viz. A white fpot on each fide of the nofe, and another beneath each eye : the reft of the nofe, cheeks, and throat black : ears very large, upright, rounded, thin, naked, and black ; forehead, fides, thighs, rump, and upper part of the legs, cinereous : on the back are many long, black hairs : on the ftioulders, fides, and rump are difperfed fome black fpots : tail black towards the end, near the bafe, mixed with tawny, and (lightly annulated with black : feet black : claws white.*’ It is obvious however that the fpecimen thus defcribed can be confidered in no other light than that of a remarkable variety ; and we only mean, by giving it the title prefixed, to diftinguKh it in a more particular man- ner from the fame creature in its general or common appearance. We muft alfo add; that the figure of the Follane in the Count de Buffbn’s Natural Hiftory of Quadrupeds feems to approach very nearly, even in its mark- ings, to that which we have now reprefented. The FoflTane is an anioBal of a wild difpofition, and not eafily tamed, and is principally found in the ifland of Madagafcar. STRIX ' ( 23 ) STRIX FULIGINOSA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum aduncum, abfque cera. Nares pennis fetaceis recumbentibus obtedtaj. Caput grande: auribus oculifque magnis. Lingua bifida. Lin. Syft. Nat. p, 131. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Strix cinereo-fuliginofa, nigro irrorata, fubtus nebulofa, pennis circum oculos concentrice lineatis. Strix cinereo-fuliginofa, nigro tranfverfim lincata, fubtus albido cinereoque nebulofa, regione periophthalmica circulis concentricis nigris. Lath. ind. orn. p. 58. Strix capite cervice et tedtricibus alarum fuliginolis, lineis fordide albis, pedtore et abdomine albidis, maculis magnis oblongis obfcure fufcis. Lin. Syjl. Nat. Gmel. p. 291. TN pleroque hoc genere minim in modum languefcit et quafi fatifcit color: haec autem (ut et nomen vult,) omnium eft hadlenus cognitarum obfcu- riflima. Color imus eft fufco-cinereus, pundtis fufco-nigricantibus creber- rime irroratus ; ita ut, ft parVo earn intervallo infpicias, fuliginofa videatur ; fin propius, minime expers fit pulchritudinis : fingulae cnim pennae fubni- gro et cinereo colore variantur, alis femoribufque fufco cinereoque pulcher- rime fafciatis. Americae Septentrionalis partes frigidiores incolit hxc avis. THE J ( 24 ) THE FULIGINOUS OWL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill crooked; without cere. Nostrils covered with briftly feathers. Head large: both ears and eyes very large. Tongue bifid. Latham. SPECIFIC CHARACT ER, &c. Dulky-cinereous Owl, freckled with black ; clouded beneath ; with the feathers round the eyes marked with numerous concentric circles. The Cinereous Owl. Lath. Synops. i. p. 134. The Sooty Owl. Penn. ArElic. Zoology. 2. p. 232. T here prevails in moll of the birds of this genus a peculiar foftnefs and fobriety of color; but of all the fpecies yet known the prefent is of the deepeft call; the general color of the whole bird being of a brown- ilh alh-color, very thickly fprinkled with fpecks of blackilh brown ; fo that the bird, when viewed at fome dillance, appears of a fmoky tinge ; but when clofely examined, the variegations are by no means dellitute of beauty ; each individual feather being elegantly marked and fprinkled with blackilh and alh- color. The wings are barred or crolTed with alh-color and brown, and the thighs elegantly barred with the fame colors. It is a native of the colder parts of North America. ^ viverra ( »5 ) VIVERRA NASUA. I CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes Primores fex : intermediis brevioribus. Molares plures quam tres. Lingua retrorfum faepius aculeata. Ungues exferti. Lin. Syjl. Nat, p. 63. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Viverra rufa, cauda albo annulata. Lin. Syjl. Nat. p. 64. Viverra rufa, cauda albo annulata, nafo produdto mobili. Lin. Syjl. Nat. * Coati mondi. Aff. Paris, t. 3. P. 3. p. 17. t. 37. Urfus nafo produdlo et mobili, cauda annulatim variegata. Bri/s. Quadr. p. 190. f T 1 ; if ON omnino inter phyficos confenfum eft quo in genere reponi debeat in viverris ha- viverra nafua. Urfis earn annumeravit BrilTonus : fed ut in beatur, Linnaeo placuit caeterifque recentioribus. Et fatendum certe eft cha- ladleres ejus viverrae magis quam urfo convenire. Magnitudine faltem eft VoL. 11. E felina ; felina; colore communi cinereo-fufco, feu cinereo-fubrubro. Caudam Ion- gam cingunt annuli nigri : infigne eft roftrum j longum fcilicet, flexile, et apicem habens quafi fuillum; cujus ope terram rimatUr, lumbricos effodiens et radices. Praedatur quoque varia animalia; aves nempe et alia ejufmodi. In America auftrali primus earn delcripfifle videtur Marcgravius in Hiftoria Brafilienfi. Notandum eft pedum pofticorum cutim juxta calcem abire inter- dum in tubera quaedam quafi cornea, longa fere quartam unciae partem, vel majora vel minora pro varietate Ipeciminum. tj THE BRASILIAN WEASEL GENERIC CHARACTER. Six cutting-teeth, and two canine teeth in each jaw Sharp nofe : flender body. Five toes before : five behind. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. &c. Rufous-grey Weafel, with the tail annulated, and the fnout long and moveable. The Coati mondi. The Brafilian Weafel. Penn. Quadr. 2. p. 6i. ' I '’HIS animal has been differently arranged by naturalifts. Brilfon has placed it under the genus Urfus, or Bear, rather than that of Viverra. Its characfters however furely approach much nearer to thofe of the latter than the former; and it has accordingly been confidered by Linnaeus, and mofl: other fucceeding writers, as belonging to the weafel tribe. Its fize is at leaft equal to that of a cat. Its general colour is of a cinererous brown, or afh-colour, with a call: of reddifh. The tail, which is of very confider- able length, is annulated with diftinA circles of black. One of its mofl: E 2 remarkable remarkable charaders is its long, flexible fnout, fomewhat truncated at the end. By the afliftance of this it turns up the earth m the manner of a hog, ' in queft of earth-worms, roots, &c. Like the polecat, it alfo preys on the fmaller quadrupeds, birds, &c. This fpecies is a native of South-America, and feems to have been firft deferibed by Margrave, in his Hiftory of Bra- zil. There is a particularity fometimes obfervable in the hind-feet of this animal worthy of notice; viz. a kind of prolongation of the fkm at the back of the heel into feveral horny proceffes of about a quarter of an inch, in length; and which are more vilible in Ibme Ipecimens than in others.. PSITTACUS ( 29 ) FSITTACUS TABUANUS, CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum aduncum ; mandibula fuperiore mobili ; cera inftru(5la. Nares in roftri ball. .. . Lingua carnofa, obtula, Integra. Pedes fcanforii. Lin. Syfti.Ndt, p. 139. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Plittacus macrourus viridis, capita collo corporeque fubtus -coccineis, fafcia alarum obliqua pallidore, cauda fufca. Plittacus Tabuenlis.^ Lath. ind. om. p. 18. C UM plittacum atropurpureum non ita pridem in hoc opere defcriplimus, fpeciem obiter notavimus ei; adeo- affinem, ut non revera diverfa, fed varietas tantum a quibufdam habita fit.- Hanc igitur fpeciem, qua vix pul-- ohriorem ja(ftat genus plittacinum, in' tabula depinximus. • I I 1 THE. ( ) THE TABUAN PARROT. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill hooked; upper mandible moveable. Nostrils round, placed in the bafe of the bill. Tongue fleftiy, broad, blunt at the end. Legs fhort. Toes formed for climbing, viz. two forward and two back' ward. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Long-tailed Green Parrot, with the head, neck, and body beneath, fcarlet; an oblique band of light-green acrofs the wings ; the tail dulky. Tabuan Parrot. Lath. Synops. i. p. •214. TN the defcription of the Pfittacus atropurpureus, or Pompadour Parrot, in a former number of this work, I mentioned a fpecies to which it feemed very nearly allied, and of which it had fometimes been confidered as a variety. The fpecies then mentioned is reprefented in the prefent plate, and' may juftly be confidered as one of the moft beautiful of the whole parrot tribe. SOREX ( 3 ^ ) SOREX PILORIDES. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes Primores fuperiores duo longi. inferiores 2 — 4 ; intermediis brevioribus. Laniarii utrinque plures< Molares cufpidati. Rostrum produdlum, acuminatum. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Sorex glaucus, fubtus pallidor, roftro acuminato, cauda pedibufque carneis. Ayf IRANDI omnino funt qui longe lateque diffufi ab animalibus et plan- tis exoriuntur potentiflimi odores. Notiflimi iftius excremcnti quod in folliculo abdominali reperitur Mofchi mofchiferi tanta eft vis, ut quicquid vel leviter tetigerit odore imbuat non perituro : et experimentis fuis comprobavit celeberrimus Boylius quantum fpatii poffit una micula fuffiri. De afa foetida feu ftercore diaboli fupervacaneum prorfus eflet diflerere. Quam longe polluat aera Viverra mephitic reponi debeat mira haec et anomala regionis antardicae proles. Si folliculum examinemus quern infig- nem in abdomine gerit femina, aflentire poflumus Gmelinio, Schrebero, Pen- nanto, aliifque, quibus placuit Macropum inter Dipelpbidas numerari. Si F 2 vero vero in formam fitumque dcntium inquiramus, hos inveniemus longe adeo divcrfos a didelphidum dcntibus, ut inter illas et macropum nulla poflit effe cognatio. Quod fi faciem folam habitumquc externum contemplemur, ve- niet illico in mentem fpecies praegrandis Jerboa: cum crurum pofticorum eadem fit longitude, eadem anticorum brevitas, eadem profiliendi peritia. Dentes tamen vix minus differunt a Jerboae quam a didelphidis dentibus. Ut verbo dicam, nihil vetat quin genus Macropo proprium ct feparatum in- ftituamus, characfleribus conveniens qui deferiptioni huic noftrae praefiguntur. His igitur praemifiis, maxima totius generis erit fpecies quae in tabula de- pingitur; quaeque, five formae, five celeritatis habeatur ratio, digna omnino eft quae penitius examinetur. Quae in Europam hadenus illata funt fpeci- mina, magnitudinc funt quafi ovina : at majora longe dicitur interdum in Auftralia confpici. Uno partu unum tantum pullum edere, ut plurimum, fertur Macropus. Hunc, more didelphidis, in folliculo qui eft in abdomine diu rccondit, donee fcilicet pilo contedus in auras iterum excludatur; in idem latibulum fe ad libitum recipiens, ufque dum aetate provedior fuae pof- fit faluti confulere. Color adulto pallet pulchre cinereo-fufeus, fubalbentibus turn abdomine, turn artuum parte interiore. Mira omnino eft pedum con- formatio. Antici nempe unguibus quinque fere aequalibus inftruuntur: pof- tici uno validifiimo, maximo ; duobus aliis minoribus ; aliis dein duobus mi- nutiflimis, in una eademque pelle ardius inclufis. Similis quodammodo eft avis pedi pes totus pofterior. Notandum porro eft et aliorum quadrupedum quos generat Auftralia, pedes pofticos ungue hoc quafi duplice muniri. Ve- getabilibus folis vefeitur Macropus, ingenio miti, fed admodum meticulofo, fugitque celerrime a venatoribus, faltibus longiflimis ct continuatis vaftum fpatium conficiendo. Quod fidem non excedere fatis probat Jerboae com- munis agilitas, pedum decern, viginti immo etiam triginta longitudinem uno faltu fuperantis. At quo major Jerboa eft Macropus, eo plus habet roboris ct nervorum : fupra enim diximus formaflTe naturam utraque haec animalia fere eadem gcncrali fimilitudine. Arredum cum depingit tabula ; quo cor- poris pork fitu faepiflime utitur, non tamen conftanter et perpetuo, ut falfo pu^ tant nonnulli, qui certe vivum non fatis examinarunt. Graditur enim non raro quatuor pedibus, more reliquorum quadrupedum. quiefcitque eredhis ; turbatus vero magno impetu continuifque faltibus fe folet in fugam reci- perc. .vry: . : A. 1 ) f \ir 1 :> f>i A r THE ! i' ^ I THE ( 38 ) KANGUROO. : GENERIC CHARACTER. Six CuTTiKG Teeth in the uppertnoft jaw, (lightly cmarginated. Two very ftrong Sharpened Teeth in the lower jaw, pointing forwards. Grinders on each (ide 4 — 5, diftant from the other teeth. Fore Legs very (hort ; Hind Legs very long. Female furnifhed with an abdominal pouch. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &o. Kanguroo, with tail gradually attenuated. Naturalijl's Mifcellany. pi. 33. Kanguroo OpolTum. Fenn. Hijl. Quadr. ed. 3. vol. 2. p. 29. pi. 64. Kanguroo. Cook's Voyage. 3. 557. pi. 20. f ' I^HE Kanguroo, the moll: extraordinary and ftriking animal which the Southern Hemifphere has yet exhibited to our view, may admit of be- ing differently arranged by fyftematic naturalifts. If we take into confider- ation the very remarkable particularity of the abdominal pouch with which the female is provided, we may, with Gmelin, Schreber, Pennant, and others, rank it in the genus Didelphis, or Opojfum: but if we advert to the form, ftrudure, and fituation of the the teeth, we (hall find them fo totally dif- ferent from the animals of that geuus as to preclude all poflibility of an alTociation alTociation with the Didelphides, In the mean time, if external form or ha- bit alone were to be regarded, we might confider the Kanguroo as a gigantic kind of Jerboa, fince it has the fame length of hind-legs, the fame brevity of fore-legs, and the fame fpringing motions and fhape : yet the teeth are almoft as different from thofe of the Jerboa as from thofe of the Opojfum. In fad, we need not have the flighted: helitation in forming for the Kanguroo a diftind genus, with the charaders above prefixed. • * The largeft animal then of the genus is that reprefented on the prefent plate. Its fize, fhape, and fwiftnefs, concur in rendering it a truly curious and interefting quadruped. The fpecimens which have been commonly fent over to Europe have been equal in fize to a fheep; but far larger are faid to have been feen in its native regions. The Kanguroo is faid rarely to produce more than one young at a time- This, as in the OpolTom tribe,, is preferved a long time in the abdominal pouch before it acquires its fur, and receives as it were a fecond birth; after which it takes refuge occafi- onally in the fame receptacle, till it is fufficiently advanced to be able to pro- vide for its own fafety. The color of the Kanguroo is a beautiful palifh afh-brown, lighter or whitifh on the abdomen and infide of the limbs. The form of the feet is lingular ; the fore-feet being armed with five claws of nearly equal fize, while the hind-feet are furnilhed with one extremely large middle claw, two other fmaller, and tw'o very fmall ones clofely united un- der one common fkin. It is alfo a fingular circumftance, that feveral other Auftralian quadrupeds have the fame kind of double interior toe on the hind feet. The whole afpecfl of the foot of the Kanguroo bears fome diftant re- femblance to that of a bird- The Kanguroo feeds only on vegetables, and is of a harmlefs nature, but is extremely wild and timid; bounding forwards with amazing celerity, by repeated Iprings of a great many feet at a time,, fo as eafily to efcape purfuit- This is what may well be imagined, if we confider the diftance to which even the common Jerboa is faid to fpring, viz. ten, twenty, or thirty feet; it may furely then be granted, that an ani- mal ( 4 « ) mal fo much larger, and formed on the fame general plan, muft be capable of exerting the moft aftonilhing force, combined with the greatcft celerity in its progrefs. It may not be improper in this place, to redify an error which feems to prevail with thofe who have not had an opportunity of examining the Kan- guroo in a living ftate, viz. that it always appears in that ereA attitude m which it is commonly reprefented. On the contrary, this is only one of its moft general attitudes; and it frequently moves like other quadrupeds on all its legs, and at pleafure alters its pofition and refts again in its upright pofture ; and when difturbed, or purfued, confults its fafety .by fpringing. 4 lemur OuP ( 41 ) , L E M . U R C A T T A. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes Primores fuperiores quatuor : intermediis remotis. Inferior Es fex ; longiores, porreai, compreffi, paralleli, approximati. Laniarii folitarii, approximati. Molares plures, fublobatii anticUongiorcs, acutiores Ltn. Syjl. Jyat. p. 44* CHARACTER SPECIFICUS, &c. Lemur caudatus, ferrugineo-cinereus, cauda albo nigroque annulata. ProBmia cm.raa, cauda ctofta annuHs altcrnatim albis « nigri. Lemur caudatus, cauda albo mgroque annulata. Tersest AT Lemur Catta reliquis fpeciebus lemurlnl generis feu form^ P^l^antiam fpe^es feu agilitatem corporis. Motu etquaBfelmot habetque ftmiarum jocofam. fed non gteralis eft Generant eum infute Indies, Madagafcana prsepue. ..I^en albet. pulchre grifeo-fufeus, cui immifeetur paululum ferrugtne,. Abdomen ^afcet. You II. ^ ml =j %' 4. Cauda praslonga, albo nigroque pulcherrime annulata. Ociili permagnl et pro- minentes, iride aureo-fulva, circulis cinguntur nigris, qui frontem plerumque co- euntes percurrunt in nafum. Facies elongata et acuta. Pilus huic, ut et aliis lemuribus, delicatulus eft,, molliflimus, et fubereftus, adeo ut magnitude animalis, quae, ut plurimum, quafi felina eft, vidcatur paululimi augeri. Catervatim in fylvis incedere dicuntur lemures, fru^tus quserentes, ipfaque etiam. animalia mi- nora prjedantes. THE THE RING-TAILED MACAU CO. GENERIC CHARACTER. :Six Cutting-Teeth and two Canine-Teeth in each jaw. Visage commonly fharp-pointed. .F EET formed like hands, in the manner of apes. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c. Ferruginous-grey i-emur, with very long tail, annulated with black and white. The Ring-tailed Macauco. Pern. ^adr. ed. 3. i. p. 130. Le Mococo. Buff. 13. 173. pi. iol. The Maucauco. Edw. pi. 197. T he peculiar .elegance of its appearance, and fprighdy agility of this animal, give it a. decided fuperiority over every other fpecies of this genus. Ever aftive, lively, and playful, it equals even the cat in the lightnefs of its motions, and the cleanlinefs of itsdifpofition ; and has the vivacity .of the monkey .tribe, without any of their mifchievous and dilagreeable qualities. It is a Native of the Indian idands, but is principally found in Madagafcar. Its general color is a beautiful greyifli-brown, with a night tinge of .reddilh : the ■ a. r, abdomen ( 44 ) abdomen is white: the tail very long, and beautifully annulated with numerous diftina circles of black and white : the eyes are very large and prominent and the irides are bright golden-orange : they are furrounded by a circle of black, which commonly unites in front, and pafles down the nofe : the vifage is long and (harp: the fur, as in others of this genus, is extremely foft, and grows in a fuberea manner, fo as to give the animal a larger appearance than it would otherwife have : its general fize is that of a middling cat. Thefe animals in their native ftate are faid to aflbciate in troops, and wan- der about the woods in queft of fruits, and even the fmaller animals. In the ftrudure of the feet the Macaucos refemble the Simias. LOXIA ( 45 ) LOXIA REGULUS. 1 ! CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum conico-gibbum, frontis bafi rotundatum verfus caput: mandlbula inferior margine latcrali inflexa. Nares in bafi roftri. "Lingua Integra. Lin. Syjl. Nat. f. 299. CHARACTER SPECIFICUS. Loxia nigra, macula alarum alba, occipite fubcrlftato coccineo. TNTER rariflimas fui generis reponitur h^c avicula, jam primo depida. 1 De patria nihil pro certo exploratum eft. Si avem uno afpedu mtueamur, prope accedit ad fimilitudinem UnU craffirojlris Lathamt, nifi quod huic noftrae occiput fafcia lata, tranfverfa, coccinea, et quafi fubcnftata decoretur. en imi e igitur videtur diverfam effe fpeciem a Loxia crafllroftn, nifi forte malint non. nulli marem effe foeminae quam defcripfit Lathamus. J ( 46 ) THE CRIMSON-CRESTED GROSSBEAK. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill ftrong, thick, and convex. Nostrils /mall. Tongue truncated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Black Grofsbeak with a white fpot on the wings, and a crimfon creft-likc band on the hind-head. fT^HI S bird, of which the native country is not certainly Jcnown, has never -■> yet been figured, and may be confidered as one of the rareft of its ge- nus. It approaches veiy near to the Loxia craffiroftris of Mr. Latham, but differs in having on the hind part of the head a very remarkable creft-Iike zone, or broad tranfverfe band, of the richeft crimfon. .It is therefore ex- tremely probable, that it is a diftina fpecies from the Loxia craffiroftris, (unleft It ftiould, perhaps, be rather confidered as the itule of that fpecies.) LOXIA CA‘kv/^y LOXIA UKr.['\.VS , Tiik ( r.KK’.vS'r-f;i ) 'Ckossbkak . Jtrrrfs />>'/• yV' ^» J.oxiA ^}L-T'r\vrA . Tj'ik SP-o'rrr.v Siuna ckossiskak , UorArnS4Uf ifusrr^>n character G E N E R I c u s. Rostrum conico-gibbum, fronds bafi rotiindatum vcrfus caput s mandibula inferior margine lateral! inflexa. Nares in bafi roftri. Lingua integra. JUn, Syjt. Nat. p. 299. CHARACTE R^ SPECIFICUS. Loxia fufca, peftore nigro, roftro uropygloque mbris, lateribus corpo* nigris albo maculatis., , T>ELL« h..jua avicute, nunquam forufTc ante. dep,te, veram m^nm- B dincm in ibulam «nftuUmus ab extalo fpecnaine quod fuppeduav.t i^feurLeverianunu Auftraiiana incolU, et inter puichernntaa fu, genens ' * jyre uumeratur.. THE THE SPOTTED-SIDED GROSSBEAK. GENERIC CHARACTER. V Bill ftrong, thick, and convex. Nostrils fmall. Tongue truncated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Brown Grofsbeak with black breaft, red bill and rump; the fides of the be. black fpotted with white. T his beautiful little bird, which the plate reprefents in its natural fize, has perhaps never before been figured. It is engraved from a fine fpe- cimen in the l.everian Mufeum, and may juftly be confidered as one of the moft elegant of its tribe. It b a native of New Holland. .J\v