THE 
 
 Comparative Importance 
 
 O F 
 
 i 
 
 -1 
 
 OUR ACQUISITIONS 
 
 FROM 
 
 FRANCE in AMERICA. 
 
 WITH 
 
 REMARKS on a Pamphlet, 
 
 INTITLE D, 
 
 An Examination of the 
 Co M M E R C I A L Pr I N C I P LE S OF 
 THE LATE Negotiation IN 1761. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for J. Hinxman in Pater-nofter-Row. 
 MDCCLXII. 
 
 [ Price One Shilling. ] 
 

following Pamphlet was 
 writy before the Preliminary Ar- 
 ticles of Peace were figned^ which 
 have fince been ratified and communi- 
 \ I cated to Parliament. Phey are con- 
 formable to the main Scope of the 
 A.uthor s A.rgiimenty altho tn fofne 
 very important Particulars, they ex- 
 ’ ’ ceed his mofl f anguine Hopes ; and 
 he is happy in finding, that his EJfay 
 upon what ought to be, is now become, 
 
 , if it hath any Force, a Vindication 
 ' of Terms aSiually concluded. 
 
THE 
 
 Comparative Importance 
 
 o F o U R 
 
 Acquifitions from France 
 
 I N 
 
 A M E R I C A, 
 
 T he Diftindllon between fpeculative 
 and pracflical Notions appears to be, 
 that, in the firfl, abftradted Ideas 
 only are confidered ; diverted of Circum- 
 rtaiiccs which in Prailice are found infepar- 
 able from them. They compofe the Know- 
 ledge of the Ignorant, didate the Language 
 of the Unthinking, and form the Condud 
 of ra/h, fuperficial and fanguine Men ; of 
 all thofe whofe Minds are not fufficient to 
 take in the whole of an Objed, whofe Fan- 
 cies fkim along the Surface of Things, or 
 whofe Paffions hurry them towards their 
 JB Obje<5^ 
 
— 
 
 [ * 1 
 
 Object:, without fufFering them to defcend 
 into Difcuffions, referved for the cool and 
 confiderate Reafoner. 
 
 From thefe Caufes the Ruin of Indivi- 
 duals, the Deftrudtion of Families," and the 
 Defolation of Countries are derived : and 
 they are equally exemplified in all Ranks 
 and Conditions of Men, from the Conque- 
 ror of Nations down to the improvident 
 Spendthrift of a private Fortune. 
 
 Abftradled Ideas of Vidory and Conqueft, 
 drew upon Lewis the Fourteenth the Re- 
 fentment and Power of all Europe-, led 
 Charles- the Twelfth of Sweden to Defeat 
 and Difgrace on the Plains of Pultowa-, 
 and in this War, after expofing the King 
 of Prujjia to Difafters, from which he could 
 only be extricated by the interpofition of un- 
 hoped for Events, may, during its farther 
 Progtefs, furnilh another Example in the 
 Idoufe of Aujiria, of the fatal Efteds pro- 
 duced by head-long Refentment and blind- 
 fold Ambition. In private Life the Inftan- 
 ces are innumerable: He who is finitten 
 for his Sins (defeending to the third and 
 fourth Generation ) with a Love for Archi- 
 tedure and rural Improvements, will en- 
 large his Domain by dear Purchafes, even 
 

 [' 3 ] 
 
 of controverted Titles, with Money borrow- 
 ed at high Intereft j and pay the Difference, 
 and maintain the Litigation, out of his an- 
 cient Patrimony. He will build from a 
 t magnificent Plan, upon an elevated and 
 M commanding Situation, extending his De- 
 u fign as the Edifice rifes, with fome new 
 p Ornament, or fome additional Convenience; 
 Iffi every Thing attended to, except the Means 
 neceffary to perfect the whole, or to enjoy it 
 when finilhed with Eafe and Comfort. He 
 i . improves and builds himfelf into Want and 
 Rt- Bankxuptcy, and then commences an Ar- 
 
 y chitedt and Planner for others. In the 
 
 fe World of Politicks, fuch Schemifts make 
 h; their Appearance every Day j and fliould 
 jjj their Schemes be executed, could they diredl 
 yi as well as plan for Adminiftratiqn, the Fate 
 » of this Nation would be the fame as the 
 
 ^ undone Projedtor’s ; and Gnat Britain, ex- 
 
 i|( haufted by her Efforts; would be numbered 
 ,5), by future Hiftorians ampng thofe all-gralp- 
 y. ing Conquerors, who funk under the 
 
 lull- Weight of their own Acquifitions. 
 
 jjj Great and rapid as our Succelles abroad 
 I' have been, the Willies and Expedlations of 
 tJ* Projedtors at home conftantly outffript 
 
 ^ them : They grew with, and out-grew 
 
 ^ every Conqueft : Canada gained, and with 
 
 It a compleat Security for our North- Ameri- 
 B 2 
 
 can 
 
[ 4 ] 
 
 tan Colonies, from every Danger which had 
 ever before been apprehended ; all Louifia- 
 na muft be added, or the French will one 
 Day invade us from thence : MartinicOy 
 GuadaloupCy Marigalante and the Granadas 
 muft be kept : nor flaould we ftop here, 
 while Hifpaniola affords Land enough to 
 fupply the French with Sugars for all the 
 European Markets. Cuba opens an eafy 
 and defencelefs Entrance to the Mines of 
 Eerupxi^ Mexico : Africa and the Eajl-ln- 
 dies are ours ; and France muft renounce 
 every Claim to the fmalleft Poffeflion in 
 either. 
 
 But what are all thefe without an exclu- 
 fiveFiftiery? France may again become aNa^ 
 val Power. Norwillthisbefufficient; Delen-^ 
 daeji Carthago. Our Projedlors are learned in 
 ancient Hiftory, and they are communica- 
 tive of their Learning. Carthage, they tell 
 us, annihilated at Sea and broken at Land, 
 threatened Rome with Ruin. But what 
 fent Hanibal into Italy f .Shame, Rage, and 
 Defpair under oppreffive and dilgraceful 
 Terms of Peace, roufing the dejedled Spiri(;s 
 of his Fellow-Citizens, who in their Turn 
 carried Terror and Difmay into the very 
 Heart of a 'proud Republick. It is true 
 Carthage fell ; and certain Studiers of Hif- 
 
[ 5 ] 
 
 tory are apt to contrail dangerous Prejudices 
 in favour of Events, produced by Accidents 
 with every human Probability againft them, 
 and to form Maxims upon fuch for the 
 Imitation of others : Mighty Empires have 
 rifen upon Meafures which have fubverted 
 numberlefs other States diredled by the fame 
 Policy j and by which they themfelves, ia 
 their progreffive Courfe, have been expofed 
 to probable Ruin. But Succefs dignifies 
 the Means that procure it, while thoife that 
 fail are exploded with Contempt. Had 
 Hambal not ftoptat Capua, his Viftories and 
 the Downfall of Rome would have produced 
 a Set of Maxims, derived from the con- 
 demned Pride of the Romans, and the ap- 
 plauded Firmnefs of Carthage. But even 
 in this Inftance, the final Confequences of 
 having brought utter Ruin upon an Ene- 
 my, are not fivourable to the Doftrine of 
 our Speculatifts ; after Carthage had been 
 blotted from the Face of the Earth, the un- 
 ' controlled Power and unbounded Ambition 
 of her Deftroyer avenged her Caufe : and 
 Rome, decked in the Spoils of the World, 
 fell a Vidtim to the Manes of her Rival, 
 
 Whoever fuppofes that I exaggerate the 
 future extravagant Demands of the mofl 
 fanguine of the fcheming Tribe, and infills, 
 that no Man can ever be fo abfurd as not to 
 2 red 
 
C 6 J 
 
 reft contented with the Pofleffion of what 
 we have already acquired ; let him read (the 
 Talk will, indeed, be laborious) what hath 
 been written upon thefe Subjeds : Let him 
 compare the Expedtations of thofe Writers, 
 at the Commencement of this War, with 
 their gradual Increafe to the prefent Day j 
 and he will be convinced, that the Terms* 
 hoped for now by Multitudes, would then 
 have appeared as wildly chimerical to all, 
 as the total Diflblution of France does to the 
 fobereft Man among us. Nay, if he will 
 follow the Principles of thofe who would 
 retain all that France hath loft, becaufe the 
 Reftitution of any Part may enable her 
 hereafter to hurt us, they lead diredly to 
 this Conclufion j We never can be fafe^ ’witty 
 cut a total ExtinSiion of her Power, 
 
 The Situation of France, with refpedl to 
 us and the other Powers of Europe-, her 
 internal Strength, derived from natural and ' 
 improved Advantages ; a fertile .Soil, co- 
 vered with Eighteen Millions of People, 
 Ikilled in Manufadture, with an inland Ac- 
 cefs to many foreign Markets ; are Circum- 
 ftances which would continue her a great 
 and refpedable Power, without a fingle Pof- 
 feflion out of Europe, or a fingle Ship to 
 navigate the Seas. 
 
I 7 ] 
 
 But fBe has ftill Pofleffions in America ^ 
 (he has ftill Ships to annoy our Trade ; to 
 furprife fome of out defencelefs Settlements, 
 to alarrn our Coafts, and affeft our Credit 
 hy^ rneditated Invafions ; which, however 
 ridiculed, are rendered impracticable only 
 by fuperior Navies and numerous Armies : 
 Means ill fuited (in a permanent Syftem) 
 to the Condition of a commercial Country, 
 already loaded and exhaufted by Drains 
 and Burthens, feverely felt in every Species 
 of domeftick and foreign Commerce. 
 
 Further ftill : France is in Alliance with 
 the Houfe of Aujirta^ and united with the 
 Branches of her own Houle j the Dutch 
 are under the Awe of her fuperior Force ; 
 and they, and all other Maritime Powers, 
 are under the yet ftronger Influence of 
 commercial Interefts, which bind them to 
 her, and of commercial Jealoufies, which 
 eftrange them from us : Every Advantage we 
 gain ftrengthens thofeTies, and inflames thofe 
 Jealoufies. Wheremuft this end? IfourSe- 
 curity from France can only be obtained by 
 Meanswhich render every other Nation infe- 
 cure from us ; if, to avoid, one Day, being 
 conquered and enflaved, we muft attain and 
 preferve the Means of deciding upon the 
 Fate of the reft of Mankind j unhappily 
 
 for 
 
[ 8 ] 
 
 for Europe^ and ftill more unhappily for us* 
 our Situation in the general Syftem is to- 
 tally altered : We have changed Sides with 
 that Power which we formerly oppofed, in 
 conjundlion with the World ; and the 
 Defcendant of Leivis XIV. may head a 
 grand Alliance, in a Maritime League, againil 
 the Britijh Afpirer to univerfal Monarchy. 
 The Spaniard hath already taken the Alarm, 
 and wages open War againft us : The 
 Dutch have done enough to demonftrate 
 their Difpofition to do more : And Britain y 
 the ancient Friend of Europe, hath fcarcely 
 now an Ally who will be hired to ftand 
 her Second in a Conteft. To fuch Ex* 
 tremities are we led, by Principles of 
 guarding againft every diftant and poffible 
 Danger, and of obtaining a Security, de- 
 nied by Nature to every fublunary Power. 
 
 Jealoufy, infeparable from Liberty, was 
 ever the Charaileriftic of Britons. But it 
 partook of the Source from whence it 
 fprung, and operated in aboliftiing the De- 
 fpotifm of others, not in eftablifhing it in 
 ourfelves. This Difpofition hath engaged 
 us in many preventive Wars * an Epithet 
 devifed to define Meafures where Offence 
 could not be avowed, nor Defence from 
 any immediate Attack pretended, But, 
 
 with- 
 
[ 9 ] 
 
 withtDUt enteting into a Queftion upon the 
 Juftice of thofe Wars, or the Prudence of 
 thofe Terms by which they were ended, 
 fure it is, (as fure as any general Propofi- 
 tion can be) that Peace is the State moft 
 natural to us ; and that not only thofe Con- 
 tefts in which we ourfelves are Principals 
 or Partie?, but thofe which defolate other 
 Countries, are injurious to oUr Intereft, 
 Every Impoverilhment of them is the Lofs 
 of a Cuftomer to us ; for the World is our 
 Market, fdpplying thofe Things neceflary 
 ji to US, taking in Return the Fruits of our 
 Induftry, and balancing the Difference with, 
 their Silver and Gold. Happy beyond the 
 other Nations of Europe in our Climate and 
 Soil, in what they give, and what they re- 
 fufe; while our Abundance, and our W^ants, 
 equally co-operate to connedl us with the 
 Univerfe ; and make us, as Merchants, what 
 We ought to be as Chriftians, F riends to 
 Man. 
 
 Such hath been that Samcnefs of In- 
 tereft, which for Centuries rendered our 
 Country _the moft favoured by every 
 other, dur Growth was not envied, be- 
 caufe we grew by Means beneficial to all. 
 Our Pow'cr was not dreaded, becaufe we 
 aimed not at Conquefts; and becaufe vve 
 employed, for the Defence of our Friends 
 ^ ^ C 
 
 
nil 
 
 ? 4 
 
 
 
 [ 10 ] 
 
 In War, a Share of that Wealth which we 
 acquired from them in Peace. The Caufe 
 of Europe was ours : In that we fought, 
 and for that we conquered. Our Blood 
 was fpilt, and our Treafures expended, not 
 for Acquilitions to ourlelves, but for Secu- 
 rity to them ; and our moft fuccefsfiil Wars 
 ended in Treaties of Peace, which procured 
 Intle Addition of Territory, valuable in any 
 
 ? ' n hence arifes a prover- 
 
 bial Reflefticn, lefs juft than it is generally 
 conceived to be. that France, inferior in 
 tliebield, rifes fuperior to us in the Cabi- 
 tiet ; and hath often recovered from us by 
 Policy, what fhe loft by Defeats in Battle. 
 
 y Statefmen never vindicate their 
 Abilities from this Reproach, by endea- 
 vouring at what cannot be obtained ; by 
 gralping what cannot be held j and by ren^'' 
 derii^ our Condition defperate in Peace, by 
 overftrained Efforts m War, protradled be- 
 yond a natural and reafonable Period. 
 
 Some indeed there are, who appear more 
 moderate in their Ideas of Peace Vhin 
 t ofe Enthufiafts who would keep ail, and 
 conquer ftill more. They do not pofitively 
 infill u^n ail that we are now poffeffed 
 vi “f 'hefe, by far the greater Num. 
 
 nous to B-it/trr what is yielded to her, add 
 
 to 
 
 
 
U to fubjea tlie Whole to an abfolute De- 
 Uij pendance upon our Pleafure. They all 
 
 f % S""* as 
 
 Ik ftall difable France from hereafter annoy- 
 
 c imports a 
 
 w u 3ubje<flion. But, even in that Cafe, 
 Wa the End of abfolute Security would not be 
 
 ct obtained} for Hiftory fwarms with Inftances 
 
 QB of even Slaves rifing upon and deftroyin<^ 
 o«, their tyrannical Mafters. They apprehend^ 
 ca& and it cannot be denied, that France, reco- 
 ori vering Strength, may, in a Courfe of Years, 
 i refume her Arms, and recommence Hofti- 
 isl, hties againft us. But it is equally certain, 
 ati it hath been already oblerved in the 
 
 (Iff Inftance of Carthage, that hard and inju- 
 ijg. rious Terms of Peace will haften that Event : 
 
 ■ I, And whatever the Iflue of another Struggle* 
 ^ nay be, although flill more profperous than 
 the prefcntj yet, circumftanced as we are, 
 another War, upon the Heels of this, would 
 endanger our Ruin} and fmall will the 
 Comfort then be to our Beggars and Bank- 
 jjjj rupts, that France is more undone than 
 Its' 
 
 ail _ 
 
 ^ Men, defperate in their Circumftances, 
 
 ri nothing left worth the managing 
 
 They w’ill hazard their laft Stake upon a 
 ^ Caft, with the Odds ever lb much againft 
 them} and thofe who are affronted in their 
 M c 2 Ho- 
 
[ 12 1 
 
 Honour proceed upon the fame Maxim, and 
 are actuated by a like Impulfe. They confider 
 what they have endured, more than any Suf- 
 ferings to which they maybefurther expofed ; 
 and patient Indurance is the word: Difgrace. 
 Nations feel like the Individuals of which 
 they are compofed ; and the Succefs of 
 happy Temerities hath been fo frequent in 
 Experience, as to eftablilh a Maxim never 
 wifely to be> departed from — Hhat a van- 
 quipped Enemy Jhoidd not be pujhed to the lafi 
 Extremities. If we wander into Specula- , 
 tions, and indulge Apprehenfions of what 
 France may attempt againft us, when die 
 fhall have recovered a fufficient Force ; why 
 fhall we refufe to other Nations a like Li- 
 berty of fpeculating upon a nearer Objeft, 
 and more probable Event j upon the Daj"!, 
 ger of their being opprelTed by thofe, vf.ui 
 infill upon retaining, in their adual Poflef- 
 fion, an uncontrolled and refiftlefs Power 
 of oppreffing ? An intradlable Fondnefs for 
 the Means, is the furefl Indication of a pur- 
 pofed End, . 
 
 But fhould the Nations of Europe remain 
 patient Speflators i fhould they confider 
 thefe Confequences as too remote and pro- 
 blematical to engage their Interpofition ; 
 yet what is there to induce France to accept 
 of Terms more prejudicial to her Interefl 
 
] 13 ] 
 
 and Independency, than even the Conti- 
 nuance of an unfuccefsful War, which hath 
 already nearly dripped her of all {he can 
 lofe in the Profecution of it ? If {he is to 
 be deprived of all we can take from her, 
 will {he fuffer us to enjoy her fpoils in 
 Peace without Interruption, and without 
 Expence ? Humbled and defeated as {he 
 is. Old France and Spain are {till entire : 
 Our Triumphs in Germany will not tranf- 
 port us into yllface, or tempt us to purfue 
 our Conquefts beyond the Pirenean Moun- 
 tains : Our Superiority by Sea cannot in- 
 tercept the French inland Trade on the 
 Continent of Europe -f while that Com- 
 merce by Sea, which is protedfed by the 
 Law of Nations, and particular Treaties, 
 will be continued by neutral Powers, even 
 beyond the Bounds allowed in either : Our 
 Commerce will be ftill expofed to Hazards 
 and LolTes, and our Settlements to Sur- 
 prizes, from which the Vigilance of hu- 
 man Prudence, and the Power of fuperior 
 Force, cannot at all Seafons, and in all pof- 
 fible Events, fecure us through the wide 
 Extent of Poffeffions fcattered over the 
 Face of the whole World ; and other 
 Places will be left as unguarded as New^ 
 foundland hath always been j or the Ex- 
 pence of neceflary Precautions in every 
 Part, will weaken and undo the Whole. 
 
 Our 
 
[ H 3 
 
 Our Revenue, increafed as it may be by 
 our Conquefts, falls fo fliort of the 
 peaces of our Fleets and Armies, that we 
 every Year borrow immenfe Sums; and 
 while we conquer Abroad, and infift upon 
 retaining our Conquefts, Foreign Lenders 
 acquire a Dominion in the very Heart of 
 our Country j and our Lands and Houfes 
 become mortgaged to them. They who 
 in Peace fupplied us with Money at low In- 
 tereft, frudifying in Commerce with three- 
 fold Gain to our Merchants, now impofe 
 ufurious Terms upon our Neceffities, for 
 Sums annihilated in the Wafte and Con- 
 fumption of War. Nor is this the whole 
 of our, Lofs, and of the Benefits derived to 
 them from it: The Burthens, which de- 
 prefs our Trade, furnifh them at once with 
 Means and Opportunities of extending theirs 
 at unrivalled* Markets. They trade with 
 our Money j and fell, and will continue to 
 fell, upon cheaper Terms than we can af- 
 ford, preft down by heavy Taxes and high 
 Intereft.^ The Number of our Traders, and 
 the Capital of our Trade are lefiened, while * 
 our Merchants purchafe in our Funds an 
 enormous Gain j fecuring an Income to 
 Indolence and Eafe, beyond the Profits 
 drawn by Induftry and Pains from the 
 richeft Veins of Commerce. Such are the 
 EiFeits of even a fuccefsful War; Nor 
 
 will 
 
 
 
 2 
 
f 
 
 ■ 
 
 f 15 J 
 
 Will they ceafe with their r^„r- 1 1. , 
 
 •hey incrcafe with its CominSnce*°"^4 
 
 :;S&S=-:e=“»- 
 
 licy there k^;n ^f f and Po- 
 
 dium between that^f^v P^^^^'oable Me- 
 Moderation in Profperity^^ T 
 hard and difgraceful^Termc 
 a vanquiAed^A^verfarv 
 a precarious Truce- 
 expenfive Meafures ncceff^f 
 againft fudden Attempts, afmih? h^T, 
 
 equitable Terms, ’o^de by S Com 
 
 Haften its Diffolution ^by V ^ 
 
 I'riijjia, 
 
 

 
 [ i6 ] 
 
 PrufTta, which now defolates Germany, cati 
 be compofed by no other Means than a 
 full Compenfation for Expence and Lofles, 
 we may pronounce that it never vnW end 
 but in thc^ total Ruin of one of Ae Parties, • 
 and that another War of thirty Years, may 
 again be the Fate of that unhappy Coun- 
 try where this now rages. But blameable 
 as fuch an indexible Obftinacy would be m 
 either of thofe Powers, how much more 
 inexcufable would it appear in a People, 
 whofe Genius and Situation do not incline 
 them to Conqueft j whofe beft Intereft is 
 confined to the Defence and Improvement 
 of what they have , who, upon this Prin- 
 ciple, become an Overmatch for a Monar- 
 chy. by Nature incomparably their Supe- 
 rior j and who, departing from thefe con- 
 Ritutional Maxims, may, in the ^uUnefs of 
 Time, fall by the fame Caufes which had 
 firft weakened their vanquilhed Rival, ir 
 fuch a Country be attacked, fhe fhould de- 
 fend her Rights ; fhe fhould retaliate for 
 the Injuries fhe hath received ; fhc fhould 
 attack in her turn ; fhe fhould conquer, 
 and retain as much of her Conquefts as 
 may ferve to fecure her old PofTeflions from 
 probable Aflaults ; and to make it the per- 
 manent Intereft of a weakened and difcom- 
 fited Enemy to remain contented with what 
 
 her Moderation allows him. This may pof- 
 
 fibly 
 
f I? 3 
 
 fibly afford no inaccurate general Definition 
 of an equal Peace j and fuch alone can be 
 a good one, or, in other well-known Words, 
 Safe and Honourable. A Step farther con- 
 ftitutes the Conqueror panting for Glory, 
 and enamoured of Dominion, under the 
 fpecious Pretences of Compenfation for In- 
 juries, and Security againft Dangers : Terms 
 as unlimited as the Defires of thofe, who 
 aflume to themfelves the foie Right of de- 
 fining them. 
 
 No Peace can be good that is not lafting.’ 
 This general Propofition, true in all Con- 
 ditions, becomes more evident when applied 
 to a Country plunged in Difficulties by War, 
 from which many Years of Peace cannot 
 intirely relieve her. And from the fame 
 Principle, in the fame Circumftances, a 
 fpeedy Peace is preferable to one more di- 
 fiant, by the whole Difference of Expence 
 in a Continuance of War: That which 
 would be a good Peace now, would have 
 been better laft Year by at leaft as many 
 Men, and as many Millions, as the War in 
 1762 hath coft us. And fficuld this be 
 unhappily lengthened to a more diftant 
 Period, the fame Reafoning will hold in 
 much more than arithmetical Progreffion. 
 They who confider the Miferies of another 
 D Na- 
 

 [ i8 ] 
 
 Nation '’as the chief Source of our Felicity, 
 and their Weaknefs as our Strength, who 
 fay with refpe£t to the falling French, as 
 the Devil did to Man, Evil be thou my Good, 
 may not admit this Do<ftrine. But with all 
 the Glory we have acquired, and the Dif- 
 grace, Expence, and Loffes, which weaken 
 the Strength, and cloud the' ancient Repu* 
 tion oi France, I flaall venture to adert, as a 
 ' Friend to my Country, that better it had 
 
 been if France had not driven us to the 
 Necefllty of waging War againft her. 
 
 Thefe Reflexions naturally lead to the 
 following Inferences. In our Negotiations 
 with France, the greater or lefs Facility of 
 obtaining certain ObjeXs, fhould be rated 
 as conftituting no inconfiderable Part of 
 their intrinfic Value j and for this plain 
 Reafon, becaufe they tend to haften or pro- 
 traX the Cqnclufion of Peace, and to prp- 
 long or fhorten its Duration. What tends 
 to fecure our ancient and indifputable Pro- 
 perty, fhould have a Preference, from this 
 Regard, to new Acquifitions more uncon- 
 nected with, and of more diftant Impor- 
 tance to this ObjeX j becaufe fuch a Con- 
 duX will be lefs invidious to others, moft 
 agreeable to our real Intereft, and to the 
 Maxims under which we have profpered 
 
[ 19 ] 
 
 for Ages. And laftly, in our Idea of Bene- 
 fits, we {hould not admit that dangerous 
 and inhuman Maxim of negative Advan- 
 tages to be obtained by Privation and De- 
 ftru<ftion. Such Notions well fit the Rage 
 of War, and the barbarous-Phrenzy of Con- 
 querors laying wafte what they cannot en- 
 joy ; but would ill accord with the benign 
 Nature of Peace, and -with the liberal Ge- 
 nius of thofe who excel in Induftry and 
 Arts, even more than in Atchievements of 
 military Prowefs ; although ,thefe have 
 fpread their Fame all over the World : 
 Would it were falfe to add, and have ex- 
 cited Alarm as wide as Admiration ! 
 
 In all thefe Views, and upon every equit- 
 able Principle, our Conquefts in North Ame- 
 rica prefent themfelves as the firft Obje<!l ; 
 and indeed it feems natural, that in con- 
 cluding a Peace, we (hould firft turn our 
 Eyes towards that Quarter where the War 
 firft arofe, and in which the Caufes that 
 produced it were laid. The fuperior Im- 
 portance of our Acquifitions there, the 
 fmaller Expence, and the fewer Hazards 
 to which we fliall be expofed in preferving 
 them, are fo clearly and amply explained 
 by the Author of ’The Inter efl of Great Bri- 
 tain confdered, •with regard to her Colonies ; 
 
 Da that 
 

 
 [ 20 ] 
 
 that an Attempt of faying any thing more 
 upon this Subje6t would have been fuper- 
 fluous, had not a Pamphlet lately made its 
 Appearance on the other Side of the Que- 
 ilion, with much Ingenuity of Argument, 
 and great Elegance of Style, abundantly 
 fufficient to confirm thofe in their Errors, 
 who were before inclined to the fame Opi- 
 nions, and to encourage and countenance 
 Oppofition to the . only attainable Terms of 
 Peace. For the Author’s humane Diipo- 
 fition (P. 92.) to purchafc that greateft of 
 human Blefiings with a Part of what we 
 have acquired, will be of little avail, if the 
 Conditions to be offered are fuch as will 
 not be fubmitted to. The Effufion of Blood 
 muft /till continue 5 and it will continue (if 
 what the Author fays be founded, that Ex- 
 pence and Lofs in War are near equal on 
 both Sides (P. 93,). ) until Terms of Peace 
 be propofed more agreeable to fuch an 
 Equality, than even his Moderation would 
 didtate. 
 
 Voltaire obferves, that the Balance of 
 Povi'er amongft belligerant Parties in Europe 
 ftands fo even, that the Wars of this Century 
 have ended with little of Acquifition to ei- 
 ther. And however fuperior our Succeffes 
 have been, yet while the internal Refources 
 
 of 
 
r 21 ] 
 
 of France are fuch as may enable her (o 
 bear Lofles, which if fallen upon us would 
 e’er now have overwhelmed us, longer than ' 
 we can fupply the Means of fupporting 
 Conteft ; whatever our aftive Force may be, 
 the Solidity of her paffiveStrength (if 1 may 
 be allowed the Expreflion) may at the End 
 prove an Over- match for us. And fhould 
 that Experiment be tried to the full Extent 
 of Ability in either Nation, one Maxim is 
 inconteftably true ; that they will have the 
 Advantage in Peace, who can longeft en- 
 dure the War. Should we then be reduced 
 to offer what the Author would now rejedf; 
 he will find (and as an honeft Man he will 
 grieve at the Difcovery) that France holds 
 Canada at much a higher Value than he 
 rates it; and that a favourite Objedl of her 
 Cares for more than a Century, will refume 
 its wonted Rank in the Councils of that 
 Monarchy. When France had no Purpofc 
 to ferve but that of Acquifition ; when flie 
 could not mean to exaggerate the Impor- 
 tance of Canada, that it might appear to' us 
 a more valuable Ceffion^ (as Ihe did not 
 mean to cede it) when what was written, 
 and what was done, could only alarm our 
 Fears and warn us of our Danger ; yet num- 
 berlefs Books were publifhed to explain its 
 Importance ; numberlefs Plans were form- 
 ed. 
 
37 
 
 C 22 I 
 
 cd, and numberlefs Attempts made, to carry 
 thofc Speculations into Realities. How far 
 they at one Time fucceeded ; how near they 
 were to fucceeding ftill further ; with how 
 much Expence of Blood and Treafure, af- 
 iifted in fome Inftances by lignal Interven- 
 tions of Providence, we prevented a tem- 
 • porary Lofs, if not a total and irretrieveable 
 Ruin ; muft be'frefh in every Body’s Me- 
 mory, who goes no farther back than the 
 Hiftory of the prefent War : and who has 
 not already forgotten Braddock'^ Overthrow, 
 Murray & Defeat, yohnfons Deliverance, and 
 Wolfes glorious Death and Vid:ory. Such 
 were the Perils to which we have been ex- 
 pofed from Canada ; and fuch hath been 
 the Strength derived from its Poffeffion for 
 a Century part: to a fmall Number of 
 French invading, terrifying, and endanger- 
 ing a Nation of Britons. 
 
 It is as idle to deny thefe Fadls, and to 
 affert, with this Author, that our Colonies 
 were expofed to flight Depredations and 
 httle Danger, (from P. 73 to 86.) as it is 
 trifling and unfair to diftinguifli away Ca- 
 nada in its EfFedfs, becaufe it is diftinguifhed 
 in Name, from other Pofleflaons which the 
 French claimed on the fame Continent. 
 (P. 62. 63, 67. yii) Had France any con- 
 
 flderable 
 
[ 23 3 
 
 Uderable Strength in any other Part ? Did 
 not all her other Eftablifhments draw their 
 Exiftencc, their Supplies, and their Support 
 from thence ? Did not the French who led 
 the Savages to Braddock’s Overthrow, come 
 from Canada f Did not Murray and Wolfe 
 light in Canada ? Was not Johnfon attacked, 
 and New York menanced from thence ? If 
 the French had then fucceeded, was not their 
 Paflage open, eafy and Ihort, to a fecure 
 Port on the Atlantic Ocean f An Objed: of- 
 ten before attempted, never loft Sight of, 
 and without the Attainment of which, a 
 Nation planted in Canada, equal to old 
 France, would be of little avail to her. The 
 Advantages obtained by France where ever 
 they appeared, and the Dangers- to us 
 where ever they threatened, all had their 
 Source in Canada. And as they could only 
 arife from thence, the Pofleffion of Canada 
 am alone fecure us from them. 
 
 But this Dlftindtion becomes the lefs ne- 
 ceffary, and finks into a mere Difpute about 
 Words, while he, whofe Opinions this Au- 
 thor combats, means with him, at leaft the 
 intire Poffelfion of that immenfe Tra<ft of 
 Territory, which extends from Canada to the 
 Banks of the Miffffippi. If more cannot be 
 obtained, if France refufes to yield t© us 
 
 what 
 
37 
 
 f 24 J 
 
 what we have not con<\ntrtdoi North Ameri- 
 ca ^ thisRefufal furnifhes ftilla ftronger Proof 
 of the Importance of what we have already 
 acquired, by our Enemy’s Attachment to a 
 Territory yielding fewer Advantages. Fer- 
 tile as Louifiana may be, muc^ of what is 
 comprehended within theLimits heredefcrib- 
 ed is as fertile, while the greater Difficulties 
 of an Intercorfe between that Settlement and 
 Europe, by a more intricate, hazardous, and 
 tedious Navigation, muft proportionably re- 
 duce its Value to France. 
 
 The Author urges many Reafons, which, 
 altho’ infufficient to prove our Security, on a 
 Suppofition that France were permitted to 
 repofiefs Canada, {V. 35.) are irrefragable 
 :^ainft any Dangers to be apprehended 
 from Louifiana bounded by the MiJJtfjippi. 
 And there are Gircumftances peculiar to this . 
 Settlement, which render thofe Arguments 
 thus applied ftill ftronger. A Colony long 
 negledled, thin in People, and deftitute of 
 other internal Defence, is ill fitted for offen- 
 five Purpofes. That immenle River which 
 fcparates it from us, receives many pther 
 fmaller Rivers from our Territory. The 
 Current of them all in our Favour j and the 
 Advantages which Louijiaiza may derive 
 fron^ an Indian Trade through this Circum- 
 
 Rance, 
 
lrcic( ftsnce, are fufficiently lowered by the An- 
 ttoi need any further Diminution. 
 
 Fe[. '* ■ 49') Yet the Stream which brings the 
 hati with his Furrs and Skins to the 
 
 U Market, impedes his Return with 
 
 :ultie Commodities more difhcult to carry. And 
 itaisi were the Value and Conveniences of that 
 Trade much greater to France, yet the Se- 
 nt. curity we fhould obtain from the Courfe of 
 the Rivers, would be an abundant Compen- 
 fation for them. Security of our old Pof- 
 feffions and our old Rights is the Objeift of 
 greatefft Importance to us : The Invafion of 
 thefe, and the Defence of them, caufed the 
 »» many bloody Contefts, in which we and 
 France have been engaged upon the ^meri^ 
 M can Continent with various Succefs. In this 
 View (and in this only) h?LthCanaiia beenim- 
 tliE portant to France ; and in this View, alrho' 
 en5 it fliould yield no more than the pitiful Im- 
 
 ODj port which the Author brings to its Ac- 
 
 cf count, (P. 49.) (in which by the Bye he 
 
 en- omits a moll material and valuable Article 
 
 ici of Filhery ) yet the Purchafe was well made, 
 
 y at the Expence of much Blood and im- 
 
 li! menfe Treafure, Great as the Examiners 
 
 k Authority may be, and ingenious and artful 
 
 K as his Arguments certainly are, to prove that 
 
 j. our Colonics neither incurred Danger, nor 
 
 {| can receive Defence from Canada j he hath 
 
 E the 
 
[ 26 }_ 
 
 the Opiaicn of two groat Nations to coritend 
 with, that Canada is yirtually the. Britilh 
 Empire in North America. 
 
 But,, it fcems, this boafted Empire is no 
 more than a fecoadary Objedt j yielding fo 
 £ar in Importance to our Sugar Iflands, 
 that “ one White Man in the JVcJi Indies 
 “ is worth, to the Trade of his Mother 
 “ Country, about Eight in North Ame~ 
 “ ricsT (P, 30.) And, in this Propor- 
 tion, Ninety thoulWid Whites, the computed 
 Number in all our Idands, enervated, fick- 
 ]y, and fliort-lived, Hand in Value to 
 1,500,000 (ibid,) Inhabitants of a more 
 healthy Soil, conftantly doubling, by natu- 
 ral Increal'e, in lefs than Twenty-five Years, 
 and recruited every Year, in Time of Peace, 
 by about Twelve thoufand Foreigners. 
 “ For, if a Million and a Half of Inhabi- 
 “ tants in North America (to fay nothing 
 “ of the Troops) took off, in the Year 
 1758, but 1,832,948 /. 13, J. sod. and 
 “ Ninety thoufand Inhabitants in the Wejl 
 “ Indies /. 19^. 1 1 it appears, at 
 
 “ a Glance, how much more valuable the 
 “ Trade of the Wejl Indies is than the 
 “ Trade of North America., in Proportion 
 “ to the Number of Inhabitants,” (P. 30, 
 31.) But dees it appear, at a Glance, that 
 
[ 27 ] 
 
 tlie Whok of our Exports to the V/efi Indies 
 is confumed there ? or confumed by the 
 Whites only ? And is not a Part erriployed 
 in Trade with the hpanijh Main ? Or, to 
 allow the Author’s Argument the full Scope 
 of his Aflcrtion, does it necelTarily follow, 
 from a greater proportional Confumption of 
 our Commodities in the IVeji Indies, that 
 their Trade, under all the Circumftances at- 
 tending them, is, in like Proportion, more 
 valuable to* us ? and that a White with them 
 is worth Eight in Ncrth Amerlccty becanfe 
 his Share of that Conlumption dands iil 
 this Proportion ? Tbefe Points thall be 
 now examined ; Nor fhall the Inference, 
 P. 2 1, “ That we fliould make the fncreafe 
 “ of our Pofleffions between the Tropicks 
 the primary and leading Object of our 
 Policy,” go without Obfervation in its 
 due Place. 
 
 As to the firft Point ; our Author is too 
 well inftru<fted in the Matter, upon which 
 he treats, not to admit, that an increafing 
 Trade is, in this Refpedt, fuperior to another 
 near at a Stand, and which, in his Opinion, 
 is not fufceptible of any great Improvement. 
 (P. 29.) But if this Circumftance can create 
 a' Preference in any Inftance, how fuperla- 
 tively muft it operate in favour of ISiorth 
 E 2 AmS' 
 
[ 28 ] 
 
 America, compared with our Wejl Indies ? 
 Our Exports to the laft hardly at all in- 
 creafe : The Author admits the Fad, and 
 builds upon it, (his Inference fhall hereafter 
 be ponfidered) (P. 29.) Nor does he con- 
 trovert the Authenticity of an Account given 
 by the Confiderer, (P. 57) in which it ap- 
 pears, that the Exports to North America have 
 gone on increafing from 640,1 j 4/. \zs. /^d. 
 in' 1744, to 1,832,948/. 13 j. io</, ini758j 
 while the Supply to our Wefl Indian Iflands, 
 which, in the firft of thefe Years, amounted 
 to 796,1 12 /. ly s. 7, d. rofe in the laft only 
 to 877,571/. 19^. 11 d^ And as, in the 
 above aftoniftiing Increafe, the Quantity of 
 Exports to North America appears to have 
 near doubled its Value in Ten Years, and 
 in 1758 was more than double the Demand 
 from the Weft Indies ; there is no Reafon to 
 fuppofe, that the fame immenfe Difpropor- 
 tion will not proceed in a progrefllve In- 
 creafe j and that, in the Year 1768, the 
 Exports to North America will not ftand to 
 the other as One is to Four. 
 
 Let the Author now anfwer : Is it fo 
 very clear, that we fliould make the In- 
 creafe of a Trade, thus circumftanced, the 
 primary and leading Objed ot our Policy, 
 by an Additipn of more Pofleftions between 
 Tiopicksj wlrich, if freed from other 
 
 Ob- 
 
 
r 
 
 — 
 
 [ 29 ] 
 
 Objedlions, that fhall hereafter' be ex- 
 plained, muft ever remain fubjefl to one, 
 the mofl: capital and important, in common 
 with thofe Iflands which we have long pof- 
 feffed, without any Increafe of White Inha- 
 bitants, and where the lamentable Waftc 
 of Difeafe and Death can alone be fupplied 
 from Great Britain ? But. in the Author’s 
 Calculation of the Value of Man, Health, 
 Strength, and long Life, are unimportant 
 Circumftances j and a White, who lives 
 not half his Days, and thofe confumed in 
 Luxury and Idlenefs, who leaves behind 
 him, if any, a fcanty Progeny, inheriting 
 the Difeafes, W^eaknefs, and Indolence of 
 their Parent, would, in the Wejl Indies^ be 
 worth Eight Antediluvians in North Ame- 
 rica^ cultivating a Country with their Hands, 
 and peopling it with their IlTue; yet to 
 Men refembling thefe nearer than the pre- 
 lent Race of Mortals does in any other Part 
 of the known World, (P. 75) are we in- 
 debted for an Increafe of Wealth, more than 
 doubling with the ftupendous Increafe of 
 their Numbers. 
 
 If it be granted, that (P. 24) the Weji In- 
 dies might be fupplied dircdtly from Bag- 
 land with Articles which come from our 
 Northern Plantations, it is admitted, not 
 
 ‘‘ quite 
 

 [ 30 ] 
 
 quite fo cheap, nor with fo much Conve- 
 <* nience,” with Piank, Lumber, and Staves, 
 of which we do not produce, in any degree, 
 fufficient for our own Ufe ; yet if the Im- 
 portance of thefe Supplies, and the Lofs 
 and Expence of having them from Great 
 Britain^ could be accurately calculated, it 
 would be found, that, if North America 
 with-held her Produce, it would be attended 
 with ftill more fatal Confequences to her 
 Neighbours than to her, with a Lofs of ftill 
 more than Three Fourths of their whole 
 Trade, (P. 25.) And wha^i%,faid in P. 20, 
 of their Trade with us, is as truly applicable 
 to that which they carry on with North 
 America^ “ neceflary to them as their Ex- 
 iftence.” From hence it follows, that what- 
 ever the Value of a White Man may be in 
 the Wejl Indies to the Mother Country, 
 (even if rated at 23 /. Sterling) (P. 99), the 
 North American juftly claims a large Pro- 
 portion of it ; which, if fairly deduced 
 from one and added to the other, will im- 
 menfely raife the Figure of the injured Pen- 
 jihaniaHy debafed by this Author, even fo 
 low as 20 s. in Value, P. 99. What the 
 North Americans lofe in Importance at home, 
 foould be allowed them abroad ) where their 
 Induftry is more ufeful to the few helplefs 
 Planters of Sugar and Indigo than to their 
 
 own 
 
f 
 
 
 [ 3 - 3 
 
 own numerous Neighbourhood, equally pof- 
 fefTcd of Superfluities, the Fruits of their 
 own Induftry, 
 
 The Trade for falted Beef from Ireland 
 (P. 2i) will ftill remain unrivalled and un- 
 lehr icd by any Part of North America \ 
 wnile Newfoundland contributes largely, by 
 its Confumption of that and other Articles 
 of Provifion, to the Advantages derived 
 from the Irijb Trade : And whatever the 
 Confumption of BritiJlj Merchandize, by 
 Individuals, may be in different Places, we 
 have already obferved the fuperior Incrcafc 
 of the Quantities called for by the whole 
 Aggregate of our Northern Colonies. 
 
 The Author confeffes, in P. 24. ” That 
 the infular and continental Colonies of 
 “ America, are reciprocally beneficial to 
 “ each other” : but he adds, that “ the Be- 
 “ nefit, tho’ reciprocal, is not equal.” Nei- 
 ther indeed is it, but in a Senfe very diffe- 
 rent from his. In the great Articles of De- 
 fence and Navigation, the Superiority is 
 wholly on the Side of the latter ; who in the 
 Day of Danger have importantly co-operat- 
 ed with us in our Fleets and Armies, for the 
 Protedlion of defencelefs Iflands. In War and 
 in Peace, their Seamen and their Ships are em- 
 ployed 
 
DBAJ 
 
 [ 32 ] 
 
 ployed with ours, to and from thofe Ports,’ 
 which never fitted out a Veffel or bred from 
 among the Natives a fingle Mariner. By 
 what Superiority in other Articles are thefe 
 balanced ? If the Wefi Indies fupply North 
 America with Produce and Manufadlurc 
 peculiar to them, North America hath alfo 
 her Productions, as exclufively hej:s^ ; and 
 Rice and dried Fith are at lead; as much Ne-- 
 celTaries of Life in the one, as Spirits and 
 Mela^es in the other. Corn, Flour and 
 Bread produced in Europe, are to the Weji 
 Indies, by reafon of its Dillance, almoft as 
 if they did not exift there. And that the 
 Balance of Trade between the JVeJi Indies 
 and North America (P, 23.) is always con- 
 fiderably in favour of the latter, is as cer- 
 tain, as that this FaCl demonftrably proves 
 the greater Dependence of the Iflands upon 
 the Continent : or, in other Words, that 
 they want moft of what is produced by the 
 other. Yet the Inference drawn by the 
 Author is the reverfe ; and he extends it to 
 Africa, as well as to our Northern Colonies, 
 which he affeCls to rank in the fame Order, 
 with a View to lefTen the Importance of the 
 laft. But immenfely more confiderable as 
 the WeJi Indian is, abftradedly con- 
 
 fidered, than the African, yet this is certain- 
 ly not a dependent Member upon the other. 
 
 (P. 24.) 
 
f 33 ] 
 
 Africa might fell her Slaves to other 
 Nations, and other of our Colonies. She ac- 
 ini tually does j but the IVcJl Indies cannot pro- 
 gy duce a fingle Sugar Cane without her Af- 
 5lj fiftance. If this does not create a Depen - 
 dence, I know nothing that can ; and were 
 jj. we thus circumflanced with regard to Swe- 
 Ijjj deny Denmark and Ru/fia, for our naval 
 Stores j could North America not afford a 
 le. Supply ; we fliould certainly be, with all 
 ^ our Trade and all our Wealth, in a total De- 
 
 ^ ^ for botn upon Countries much lefs 
 
 u confiderable than ours,. The Author, be- 
 fore he infers a Dependence of our North 
 American and African Trade upon our IVeJl 
 Indian, from “ the Rife or Fall of thofe,as 
 the latter flourilhes or decays;” P, 24. 
 fliould be better prepared to prove than he 
 rC) ’ to be, that the fame Confequences 
 
 would not refpeaively follow, in ftill grea- 
 ter Degree, were the Suppofrtion inverted. 
 That this Effed would not attend in Ncrth 
 America a Rife or Decline in the Wef Indies, 
 
 ^ IS fufficicntly apparent from the amazinf^- 
 ^ ‘ Increafe of its Trade, while that of the 
 other hath been near at a ftand. But he 
 who would give up Senegal Sind Goree for the 
 “ Conquefts in Germany, (P. 91.) and 
 
 who is of Opinion that Canada might be 
 "■ redored witlicut Lofs' or Dangef, (P. 85,) 
 
 ' F ads 
 
[ 34 1 
 
 afts confiftently in reprefenting Africa and 
 North America not only in a fecondary 
 Light, (P. 25.) but as dependent Members. 
 
 P. 24. 
 
 The Examiner complains, P. 27. that In 
 ^he Interejl of Great Britain confidered^ 
 inftead of a complete Account of our Ex- 
 ports to, and Imports from, North Afmtica 
 and the Wefl Indies refpedUvely, the firft 
 Part is only given, and to fupply this Defedl . 
 he gives the whole, but for one Year only. 
 Had he tranfcribed the lafl. half Sheet of the 
 Pamphlet he anfwers, it would have appear- . 
 ed, that the Exports to Afnerica, which 
 
 from 1744 to 1748 inclufive, exceeded 
 thofe to the Weji Indies only in the Sum of 
 122,936/. 10s. 4</. went on increafing in 
 fo much a larger Proportion, as to create , 
 an additional Difference from 1754 to 1758, ' 
 alfo inclufive, of 3,646,215/. 11 5 . A^d. In 
 each of the three laft Years of this Period, 
 the Exports to North America are more than 
 double, and in the two firft nearly double 
 of what he ftates the whole North Ameri- 1 
 annual Produce. P. 100. He could not 
 refift the Temptation, under a fallacious 
 and ambiguous Expreflion, to caft a Balance 
 fo favourable to Guadalonpe, as to leave a 
 Difference of only 18,413/. ii 5 . /^d. be- 
 tween 
 
[ 35 ] 
 
 tween her Returns and the Produce of all 
 the North American Colonies put together : 
 and therefore he meafures the whole Quan- 
 tity of that Produce by their Exports hi- 
 ther, as ftated in P. 27, This Attempt ex- 
 plains his Fondnefs for contrafting the Im- 
 ports from North America^ with thofe from 
 the Weft Indies, and accounts for the Con^ 
 fiderer'% giving the Exports from hence on- 
 ly, and not mifleading nis Reader by an in- 
 conclufive Comparifon. For the Advan- 
 tages of Trade'vvith any Country, can only be 
 determined by the Exports of our own coh- 
 fequential upon it. The Produdi of our 
 Weft Indies was all confumed here, becaufc 
 the whole did not exceed the Home De- 
 mand } and it bore a higher Price here than 
 it would in any other Market to which it 
 could be conveyed. In 1758, it amounted 
 to 1,834,036/. 2S. 2d. for which Returns 
 ■were made from hence to the Value of 
 877,571/. iqr. lid. P. 27. The Pro- 
 duce of North America imported here in the 
 fame Year, was not one Tnird of its whole 
 Export, becaufe it produced more than we 
 demanded ; and the Value of that Surplus 
 was by Confequence more at other Markets, 
 than it would have been at ours. But al- 
 tho' the Imports from thence did not rife 
 higher than 648,683 /. or. 4J. yet our Ex- 
 
-{ 36 J 
 
 ports thither being 1,832,948/. 13^. 10^. 
 it would be abfurd to take the Meafure of 
 national Gain from the firft, and not the 
 laft of thefe Sums. Yet to the North Ame- 
 rican Account mull be added, the Profits 
 upon Re-exportation, which in Furs, Rice, 
 and Tobacco, brings us more from Fo- 
 reigners than the Value of the whole Im- 
 port from A/or//) above dated. Thus, 
 
 befide a Supply for our own Wants, North 
 America'^ Exports create a Balance in our 
 FaVour with other Countries to which flic 
 and we trade ; and if we confider the Na- 
 ture ofthofe Wants which fhe fupplies, few 
 of them will appear the Cravings of Luxury, 
 while we ftand indebted for many Mate- 
 rials of Manufacture, and for many naval 
 Stores, to that inexhauftible PolTeffion. 
 Whether the Returns in Briti/h Manufac- 
 tures be paid for in Tobacco from Virginia^ 
 or in Jamaica Sugars purchafed by New 
 England, in a Balance of Trade it matters 
 little. The only Queftion of Importance is, 
 which of the Colonies, our JVeJi Indian or 
 North American, contribute mod, whether 
 mediately or immediately, to the Value of 
 our Lands, and to the Labour and Em- 
 ployment of our People ? A Quedion which 
 It is impodible not to decide greatly in Fa- 
 vour of North America. 
 
 The 
 

 [ 37 ] 
 
 The Author further obferves, (P, 25.) 
 On the relative Value to Great Britain oi 
 “ our JVeJi Indian zndi Northern Colonies, 
 that the Duties inapofed upon Sugar form 
 “ no contemptible Objeft in our Revenue; 
 
 while no one Commodity of North Ame— 
 " ricay except Tobacco, (he might alfo 
 have excepted Rice, Furs, and Skins) is 
 “ in the leaft fubfervient either there or 
 “ here to our Expences, and to the Sup- 
 “ port of the general Intereft.” But they 
 are fubfervient to that Intereft in its beft 
 underftood and moft important Senfe : They 
 ferve Navigation and Manufadlure; and 
 from their univerfal Ufe, claim and have 
 obtained an Exemption from Burthens juftly 
 impofed upon barren Luxury. This Cir- 
 cumftance urged by the Author as favour- 
 able to his Caufe, turns diredly againft him. 
 When, in P. 37* magnifies the Impor- 
 tance of Guadaloupe, by the Benefits arifing 
 from the Cotton it produces, he doth not 
 propofe to increafe thofe Advantages by im- 
 pofing a Duty upon it ; for he well knows 
 it is much more valuable to the Public, by 
 being freed from fuch a Burthen. 
 
 In Guadaloupe a Material of Manufac- 
 “ ture may (in his Eftimation) be of greater 
 ^ commercial Confequence than Sugars.” 
 
 Why 
 

 f 
 
 [ 38 ] 
 
 V/hy then (In P. 27.) hath he omitted “ to 
 “ dired: the Reader’s Attention” to this 
 Confequence, in Favour of North America'^ 
 
 He might have beftowed a few Lines upon 
 Oil, Iron, Staves, Furs, Flax-feed, Indigo, 
 and Skins ; to which he might have added, I 
 though not all in the fame Predicament, Tur- 
 pentine, Pitch, Tar, and MaRs. He might 
 have fliewn, that with fuch Imports, Wealth 
 flows in upon us ; that the Expences of 
 Government can be fupplied from no other ■ 
 Stock ; and that the enormous Debt con- | 
 tradled during this War cannot be cleared, I 
 or even leffened, by any other Means than 
 thofe, which, furnilhing Induftry with Ma- 
 terials for Employment, and Art for Im- 
 provement, enable all Ranks of People to 
 confume even taxed Luxuries, among which >:'i 
 Sugar jndeed “ forms no contemptible Ob- ^ 
 ** jedt.” ^P. 25.) He might have inferred, 
 or his Readers would have fpared him the 
 Trouble, that while the fFe/i Indies are in- 
 debted for their Produce to the Supplies ■ 
 they receive from North America \ they are ' 
 further indebted to her for a Part of the 
 Confumption of that Produce here, upon 
 which he makes their Exiftence depend. 
 
 IP. 20.) But this Inference would draw 
 her from that “ fecondary Light ” in which 
 fhe had been before placed, and exalt her 
 
 “ from 
 
 
— 
 
 [ 39 ] 
 
 “ from a dependent Member,” to be « the 
 “ primary Objea in the Syftem of our Co- 
 lonies. (P. 2j.) Such North jlmerica 
 really is. Rich in the Produce of every 
 Climate, and every Soil j already greatly, 
 though unequally, inhabited ; grown in Po- 
 pulation (with a Certainty of infinitely a 
 greater Growth) beyond Example, and al- 
 mojft beyond Belief ; yet lefs wonderful in 
 her Numbers, than in the Increafe of thofe 
 Advantages we derive from them; for 
 thefe double, as hath been already obferved, 
 in half that Time, which only doubles the 
 Race that produces them. Here indeed 
 Humanity cannot refrain from lamenting, 
 that fome, although by much the fmallefi. 
 Part of thofe Advantages can only be ob- 
 tained from North America^ by Means, 
 which, while they enrich the Planter, dif- 
 grace the human Species ; and that our 
 Southern Provinces upon the Continent, as 
 far as they partake of the Nature of our 
 Iflands, (hare, although in much a fmaller 
 Degree, the Opprobrium juftly thrown 
 upon them. (P. 67.) 
 
 But our Author tells us, (P. 23.) “ It is 
 “ by Means of the Weji Indian 'IVade that 
 “ a great Part oi North America is at all 
 ‘‘ enabled to trade with us ; and that we 
 
 *' (liould 
 
^ 
 
 [ 4 ° ] 
 
 fhould well confider before we give up 
 “ Guadaloupe, an Ifland worth to us 600,000/. 
 
 a Year.” P. 94. We fliall foon fee, even ' 
 from his own State of the Imports from, 
 and Exports to, that Ifland, that not above 
 Two-fifths of this Sum remain with us ; 
 and that much the greateft Proportion of 
 the Surplus, if not all, muft center m France. 
 But how doth he prove his firfl: Propofi- 
 tion ? As I have already remarked, he ad- 
 mits, with the Author of Fhe Interejl of 
 Great Britain confider ed., that our Wejl In- 
 dian Trade is near at a Stand j and he doth 
 not controvert the Account, by which it ap- 
 pears, that our Exports to North America 
 have doubled in ten Years. How then can 
 this furprifing Increafe be paid for by the 
 Weji Indies, “ either in Ca(h, or in Bills 
 “ drawn by the Weji Indian Merchant, on 
 “ London, or in the Return of 
 ** Produce on North American Account?” 
 {P. 23.) He doth not fay, that the Balance 
 to the WeJi Indies is increafed : That Trade 
 he tells us is at a Stand. The African de- 
 mand is ftill fupplied out of it, and the Ex- 
 pences of Wef Indian Planters, refident in 
 England, are not leflened (P. 28) : An Ad- 
 vantage to us, fuch as it is, which no 
 Friend to the Weji Indies, except our Au- 
 thor, wifhes to be increafed, or even conti- 
 ' nued 
 
Dp [ 41 ] 
 
 d nued from tliencej and which no one but 
 ffl an Enemy to our Northern Colonies, ex- 
 ^ cept himfelf, wilhes to be fupplied by 
 « them. Will the Author venture to folvc 
 this Paradox, by aflerting that the Weji In^ 
 of dian Planters, however extravagant here, 
 K are become fo much more prudent at home, 
 t as to afford from their Parfimony a Suffi- 
 «!• ciency to anfwer an immenfely increaling 
 ^ Demand oiNorth American Supplies ? Doth 
 !?• that Increafe adtually exifl in fuch Propor- 
 <1 ^ tion ? If it doth, why are not its benefi- 
 p- cial Effedls felt In the Wejl Indian Trade ? 
 a And why fliould that be at a Stand ? If our 
 a Balance from the North could be difcharged 
 ie by no other Means, the hofpitable and lux- 
 
 I urious Weft Indian Planter would, in Time, 
 
 II , be reduced to feed upon no better Fare, 
 j ' ’ than he allows to the Man-bead, who is 
 
 now goaded by his inhuman Driver. But 
 j while the Imports here remain unaugmented, 
 { and the Draughts upon them for Britijh 
 Goods for the African Trade, and for the 
 . \ Expences of Weft Indians dwelling here re- 
 1 ^ main the fame, how is the Fund to arife in 
 Weft Indian unincreafing Imports, to an- 
 I fwer the immenfe Increafe of Exports to 
 North America ? Until fome better Solution 
 can be> found for this Problem, we muft be 
 contented with one plain and obvious. The 
 G Trad 9 
 

 
 [ ■42 ] 
 
 Trade of our North American Colonies goe# 
 on augmenting to our own and other Coun- 
 tries, yielding us itiany of thofe ufeful Ar- 
 ticles in Manufadture and Navigation, upon 
 which all our Trade depends, which were 
 purchafed by us before, and are fHll in too 
 great a Degree brought to us, from the 
 Northern Nations of Europe, y/ho take little 
 from us in return except our- Money. The 
 North American Trade, with other Coun- 
 tries of EuropCi is increafed by an annual 
 Influx of Money ^ Mexico and South 
 America into thofe -Countries, and is in 
 Things, mod of which we cannot furnifli ; 
 In others produced in common with us, 
 which are either wanted at home, or 
 lie more convenient to other Markets. Or 
 if we meet with, a North American there, 
 we find a-Fellow Subject in dead of a foreign 
 Rival } while in return for any fmall Difad- 
 vantage felt in the Sale of our Produce, we 
 receive an ample Recpmpence from them 
 in a vent of Manufactures, worth four times 
 the Price of their Materials. (P.65.) Such 
 are the Advantages, and fuch are the Caufes, 
 of this immenfe In create of a growing Em- 
 pire, which already raifes us to a Level with 
 the moft Mighty in ; and befide in-- 
 
 creafing our Commerce, fupplies, by an in- 
 credible Increafe of People, that only Defed, 
 
 which 
 
 V 
 
[ 43 ] 
 
 which confined us, as a State, to the third 
 or fourth Place in the Scale of European 
 ^ Powers. 
 
 )Q[1. 
 
 ' If, as T flatter myfelf it now appears, our 
 ^ Morth American Colonies are of an Impor- 
 tance greatly fuperior to cur Wejl Indies^ 
 
 '!* let us examine how far, in the Authors 
 Argument, thefe may . be rendered more 
 ^ confiderable to us, and the general Intereft 
 
 ^ of the Nation be improved by retaining 
 
 ® 'Guadaloiipe. 
 
 ffi 
 
 The Number of Whites in Guadahupe 
 '/ are computed by the Author (P. 99) at Ten 
 thouland ; and the Owners of Lands there, 
 
 \ whether refident or not refident in Old 
 • Franccy have their Property fecured to them 
 
 H by Capitulation. While therefore ourFaith 
 ^ is preferved, they cannot be reftrained from 
 ? enriching their 'Mother Country with the 
 
 ^ ^Expenditure or Superfluity of their Income. 
 
 K What the Amount of this may be to Old^ 
 ^ FrancCy may be nearly collefted from an 
 
 ® Account of the Imports in 1761, and the 
 
 (j Exports in 176®, to and from GuadaloupCy 
 
 8i as given us by this Author, with a View to 
 
 ^ magnify the Value of that Ifland to Great 
 
 0 Britain ‘ and it ftands in P. 43 and 44 
 
 1' thus, 
 
 t. G a 
 
 1 
 i 
 
B 
 
 
 
 C 44 ] 
 
 Imports from — £603,269 3 9 
 
 Exports to 118,569 5 10 
 
 For 4000 Negro Slaves pur - 1 
 chafed there this Year, ^^20,000 o o 
 
 238,569 5 10 
 
 remarked, that the 
 Whole of this laft Article cannot be fairly 
 brought to dur Account of Gain from Gua^ 
 daloupe, as fuch an extraordinary Supply to 
 that Ifland hath been proportionably detri- 
 mental to our other Colonies ; whofe De- 
 mands for that Article never have been, and 
 never can be exceeded by the Number of 
 Slaves brought to them from the 4 frican 
 Coaft. Nor vi'dl this be only a temporary 
 Difadvantagc to them, who have the com- 
 fortable Pro fped opened, in P. 42, of its 
 future Continuance ; and the Author’s Af- 
 furance, that Guadaloupe will « be the very 
 ‘‘ beft Market for Slaves.” ^ 
 
 j ^ Inference from 
 the Fads produced by this Author, that a 
 jy confiderable and difproportionate Share 
 
 m anH ^^>nce of Import and Export, 
 o nd from this new Acquifition, remains 
 he Property of France', increafing with the 
 

 
 , f « I 
 
 iiianas, but alio m our Southern ^ 
 
 Price and Scarcity of Slaves, the Mifchief 
 of having thofe annual Supplies interccoted 
 
 w 3 d 1 rjltiwf“" o^WhofeTaC 
 
 would all ultimately center in Greai Bri- 
 
 f“P«ior Imporlance of our old Pof 
 ftffions, beyond this new one Lnt. T 
 better demonftrated than by one Par”of ab 
 Account brought by the Amhor. in P ot 
 to ferve another Purpofe AnH oo t 
 to anfwer him by his own Fast 1 ,4”*" 
 Years and Valuatibns as he Hates them. 
 
 Imports from our 
 
 in 1759, 11,834,036 2 2 
 
 Exports to the fFeJi Indies in I * ' 
 
 1758, f 877,571 19 
 
 To which Ihould be added 1 
 Britijh Merchandize lent 
 irom hence for the Pur- f 254*381 ii 5 
 chafe of Slaves in 1761, J 
 Eaji I,d,a Goods ^ _78,576 ,8 6 
 
 1 , 210*530 9 lo 
 
 Thefe 
 
^ 
 
 t 46 1 
 
 Thefe two laft Articles are as proper^ 
 introduced here, as the whole Value of the 
 Slaves, intercepted by Guadakupe from our 
 other Colonies, was unfairly admitted, to 
 fwell the Sum of our Exports thither, and 
 the Advantages derived to us from thence. 
 But, even thus exaggerated, how difpropor- 
 fcionably fmall does it af^ar, in *at moft 
 
 effenfi andevidentArt.de of f 
 
 ' a Vent of the Produft of our Soil, Induftry, 
 and Commerce. The Exports to our own 
 . Weft Indies, as above ftated, are as Two to 
 Three; while thofe to Guadaloupe ao not 
 exceed Two to Five : How much ot the re- 
 maining Three Fifths is fen. to France cm- 
 not, with Precifion. be faid. That very 
 little of it is fpent by Guadalouftans here is 
 certain ; and it is equally certain, that, as 
 no remitted from hence to 
 
 ' the Weft Indies, (P. 28) the whole remain- 
 ing Third of the Balance due from us to 
 our old Poireffions is cleared, in one Shape 
 or another, by Brifijh Commoditiw. In 
 P. 17 the Author afferts, that “ the{Frencb) 
 “ Weft Indies furniflied {France) with an 
 “ exported Produce worth 2,070,471 /. » 
 Year, all which was purchafed by her 
 Manufadures.” Now, if this be true, it 
 is a further Proof of the much greater Im- 
 portance of Poffeffions to the Mother Coun- 
 ^ try, 
 
 r^v 
 
r 47 I 
 
 try, which are peopled from thence, than 
 of others, where (altho’ the Dominion be 
 ^quired to the Crown) a large Share of the 
 Property muft Hill remain with the old In- 
 habitants. And blameable would that Po- 
 licy be, which would retain thefe at the Ex- 
 pence of the former. Thefe Circumftances. 
 upon every Principle of equitable Accom- 
 modation, point out Martinico and Guada- 
 loupe ^ a proper Exchange for all thziFrance 
 ^flefled and claimed in North America, as 
 far as the Miffiffipi runs; the laft being 
 moft important to us, as the firft is to her. 
 By fuch Adjuftments alone can a fpeedy 
 Peace he obtained, and upon fuch Principle! 
 alone can a permanent Peace be eilablilhed. 
 while that which is yielded with leaft Diffi< 
 culty, will be retained with leaft Hazard 
 and Expence. 
 
 But our Author tells us, Guadaloupe, in 
 the natural Courfe of Things,, muft, in a 
 “ few Years, be almoft wholly Englijh,’\ 
 this Predi€tion juftitied by Ex- 
 perience in other Acquifitions, ceded to us 
 by former Treaties, in Europe and America^ 
 Did the Minorquines become more l^glifhm 
 men by being upwards of Forty Years fub- 
 jedl to the Crown of Great Britain .? Did 
 not Acadians ftill remain French during 
 
 the 
 
[ 4 « I 
 
 the fame Period ? while a pretended Neu- 
 trality difguifed a fecret Enemy. Would 
 the Spaniards remain in Jamaica after it 
 became EngUJh f or the French in that Part 
 of St. Chrijtophers which was yielded to us ? 
 Thofe of Guadaloupe, indeed, would cer- 
 tainly not follow the Example of thefe latter, 
 and quit the Iflandj but retaining the fame 
 Attachments there, would render more real 
 Service to France y than they could by a Mi- 
 gration into any other of ;her Pofleflions. 
 And fatisfied as fome Guadaloupians may be 
 under our Dominion, and impoffible as it 
 is now for the Diffatisfied to free themfelves 
 from it, will not the Multitude of Proprie- 
 tors in that Ifland, who now {hew which 
 Country they efleem their Home, by making 
 it the Repofitory of their Wealth, avaib 
 themfelves of the Security of Peace to affilt 
 that Country in any Atternpt of regaining 
 the Whole of what it hath loft ? Confident 
 I am, that the Author’s Allowance of one 
 Regiment would not be thought a fufficient 
 Security againft fuch an Event, (P. 52) > ^^d 
 that the Attachment of Frenchmen to their 
 Mother Country, and the Maxims of France 
 with regard to the Obligations of Treaties, 
 will require a far larger and more expenfivc 
 military Eftablifliment to protect Guadahupe 
 from their Effects. 
 
 Indc:; 
 
t 49 ] 
 
 Indefinite as the growing Demand of 
 Sugars may be, (and it increafes no where 
 fo much as in our own Market, for an every 
 Day increafingConfumption) yet the Means 
 by which that Produce is raifed are limited ; 
 and the Number of Slaves furniihed by 
 Africa rather dimini/hes than increafes. 
 This Circumftance mufi: fet Bounds to the 
 Produdion of Sugars, altho’ there thould 
 be none to the Demand. And the Confe- 
 quence muft neceflarily be, what it appa- 
 rently is, an Increafe of Price : While thofe 
 Iflands, which have natural Advantages over 
 ours (as Martinico and Guadaloupe are re- 
 prefented by the Advocates for their Im- 
 portance) will be better able to pay higher 
 Prices for Slaves, and will be the firft fup- 
 plied, (P. 42.) when our Slave Markets fliall 
 be thrown open to them, equally with our 
 old Pofleflions, which muft then be con- 
 tented, as the French formerly were, with a 
 negleded Refufe. 
 
 Were the Sugars of the World to be Im- 
 ported here, fuch an Abundance would na- 
 turally add, in the firft Place, to the amazing 
 Increafe of its Confumption at home, at- 
 tended by another> which in the general 
 life of Tea is already pernicious to at leaft 
 the lower Ranks of our People* 
 
 H 
 
 Cer- 
 
[ 5 ® ] 
 
 Certain it Is, and the Author confeffes 
 the Fad (P. i6.) that before the War, the 
 Pi'odudtion of our Colonies did not furnifh 
 enough for our increafing Ufe : And if after 
 devouring our ovs^n, the Deficiency was fup- 
 plied from France, under all the Hazards 
 and Difficulties of a contraband Trade ; our 
 infatiable Appetite, increafing as it is fed, may 
 juftify the Apprehenfions of the Conjiderer, 
 (P.46.) “ that moft of what can be im- 
 “ ported from any additional Acquifitions 
 “ would alfo flop here.” To which he 
 might have added, as I have above obfcrved, 
 the Growth of another Evil; infeparable 
 from this j the increafing Confumption of a 
 hurtful foreign Luxury, and the Decreafe of 
 a valuable Export. 
 
 Great as the natural Advantages of the 
 French Sugar Iflands are reprefcnted, we 
 have certainly been long in Poffeffion of 
 one Advantage, extremely important to ours: 
 We have poficffed, in a fuperior Degree, 
 the African Market ; while their Supplies 
 were only the Gleanings of ours, and being in 
 a great Proportion, in Defpite of fevere Pe- 
 nalties, fupplied by us, they purchafed at a 
 higher Price an inferior Merchandize. While 
 our Navigation in the African Seas, and our 
 Settlements upon the Coafts, to which this 
 
 War 
 
f 51 ] 
 
 War hath added, remain fuperlor to theirs, 
 that Market mufi be ours ftill, in a greater 
 Extent than it ever yet hath been : And lefa 
 important w^ill a Reftitution of their Iflands 
 be to them, if we retain a greater Share, 
 than we had before, of the only Means by 
 which their Importance can be maintained. 
 I repeat it again, the Slave-Trade is limited 
 and declining; it is eflential to every Weji 
 Indian Produdlion ; and every Slave inter- 
 cepted by Martinico and Guadaloupe from 
 'Jamaica^ Barbadoesy the Leeward IJlandsy 
 and our Southern Continent, is fo much 
 taken from them, who would finally return 
 the Whole of its Value to us, in order to 
 bellow it where not above Two Fifths be- 
 come ours. 
 
 I (hall not pretend to fay, how izx!Jamaica 
 may be improved, nor join with thofe who 
 aflert, that Two- parts in Three of that 
 Illand, fit for the Produdlion of Sugars, lye 
 uncultivated ; which with the other Third 
 might be rendered fufficient to ferve all 
 Lurope. I believe this Account exaggerat- 
 ed : But enough of it remains inconteftably 
 true, to render it difputable, whether the 
 Infatiable Avarice of Monopolifts there, or 
 the fupine Negledl here, in thofe whofe In- 
 tereft diredls them, and whofe Power enables 
 II 2 them. 
 

 ■i 
 
 [ 52 I 
 
 them to controul the mofl: lawlefs Abufe of 
 legal Grants, be moft (hamefully blameable. 
 But a Negle< 5 l of what is our own, hath 
 long been the Difgracc of this Country, in 
 Iflands much nearer our Obfervation than 
 ‘Jamaica. The Extravagance of llraining 
 at more, while this Negledt continues, hath 
 however not been the Sin of former Times. 
 This feerns referved for thofe who would 
 now have this Nation imitate the Example 
 of lelTer Monopolifts, and be to other Coun- 
 tries, what the ~'Jamaica-V\‘3x\X.tr is to his 
 own. It is certain, that Jamaica hath in- 
 creafed its Produce ; it is as certain, that this 
 Increafe may be carried ftill farther, with- 
 out expenfive Roads, blowing up Rocks and 
 ereding Bridges, every two or three hun- 
 dred Yards : ^Int. of Col. P. 46.) and it is 
 equally certain, that this Effed may be pro- 
 duced by other Caufes, than an advanced 
 Price of Sugars, beyond their prefent im- 
 moderate Rate : (Ibid.) and that a lowering 
 of their Price, would be the neceflary and 
 immediate Confequence of Improvements, 
 which at the fame Time would prcferve the 
 Health, and fave the Lives of Thoufands. 
 But if to the Advantages of Soil in the 
 French Sugar Iflands, and to fome Qualities 
 in their People, fpending little and faving 
 much from fmall Profits, we add cheap and 
 
 plentiful 
 
[ 53 ] 
 
 plentiful Supplies of the bed Slaves from 
 the Coaft of Africa, and of Lumber and 
 other NecelTaries from our North America, 
 purchafed with Credit at low Intereft ; then 
 indeed the Exertion of better Policy would 
 come too late for the Relief of famaica 
 Ihe and our other Iflands, the Plants of 
 Britifo Soil, muft wither under the Shade 
 of their fpreading Neighbours. 
 
 Thus far I have followed the Examiner, 
 and I (hall follow him but a little further ; 
 merely as far as the Title prefixed to his 
 Pamphlet leads me, and his profelTed De- 
 lign (P. I.) of enabling us to determine, 
 how far it will be confident with our Inte- 
 red, on a fimilar Occafion, to adopt or rejedl 
 that Sydem of Pacification, which appears 
 in the Negotiation of 1761. Whether our 
 Miniders did or did not depart from “ the 
 “ fundamental Principle of the Treaty, 
 “ laid down by France herfelf.” P. 90. is 
 not the Quedion now, whatever it might 
 then have been. That Treaty hath been 
 long at an End : And if they relaxed in the 
 Courfe of it, the Prefumption is drong, that 
 they could not prevail in a more rigid 
 Interpretation of Terms not fo clear, but 
 that they required a further Explanation ; 
 which when given by France, fell very 
 
 2 (hort 
 
[ 54 ] 
 
 lliortof tlieExtent,in which they were under- 
 ftood by feme of our Cabinet. I have therefore 
 left, and ftiall ftill leave the Examiner in full 
 Enjoyment ofhisTriumph over thelateAdmi- 
 niftration, upon the Inferiority of thofe 
 fejjions, which France was to yield, in Com- 
 penfation for thofe to be ceded to us ; ref- 
 training as he does the Word PoJJeJJions, to 
 the refpedive Conquefts made by both Par- 
 ties. (P. 90.) If a reciprocal Equivalent, was 
 to be the Condition of every Ceffion, made 
 by either Party, the Reftitution of Belleijle^ 
 Senegal, or Goree, would no doubt be an 
 Equivalent for all thzt France had then con- 
 quered. But fuch a Peace would be fome- 
 what “ inconfiftent with the loftieft Dig- 
 “ nity on her Side, or the moll diffident 
 
 Humility on ours.” (P. 90. and 91.) 
 
 In P. 90. the Author allcs, “ if France 
 had been in PolTeffion of all Canada, and we 
 Mailers only of the Piffieries of Newfound- 
 land and St. Lawrence j if in this Situation, 
 we had admitted her to a Participation of 
 thefe Fiffieries, in Exchange for Canada^ 
 whether any fair Arbitrator would not have 
 confidered it as a Bargain, extremely ad- 
 vantageous to France I”’ I agree with the 
 Author, he certainly would ; and the Bar- 
 gain is Hill more advantageous, as we are 
 . - !! indif_ 
 
T 
 
 
 
 [ 5 J ] 
 
 indlfputably Mafters both of one and tho 
 
 other.” (P, 90.) Canada produces little 
 to France } and the Fifhery is of infinite Ad- 
 vantage to her, without which {he mufl re- 
 main deprived of an Article greatly necef- 
 fary to her Subfiftence, and to that of her 
 Sugar Iflands : Nor could {he, without it, 
 have the Means of becoming a Maritime 
 Power. But for thefe very Reafons, France 
 never will fubmit to an Exclufion, which 
 would make a total and perpetual Dilabi- 
 Uty the Purchafe of a prefent precarious 
 Peace j and under the Pretence of retain- 
 ing one Part of what we have acquired, 
 would render what we yielded of little Va- 
 lue ; leaving the miferable Remains abfo- 
 lutdy fubjed to our Power. Perpetual 
 War mufl be the Refultof fuch extravagant 
 Projc(fls : And hpw little wc are prepared 
 for fuch an unchriftian Meafure, needs no 
 farther Explanation. The Examiner feems 
 aware of thefe Confequences : He doth not 
 even hint at our pofTelfing an exclufive Fi- 
 fhery, and only contrails it with Canada, to 
 expofe the little Value of that Acquifition 
 compared with a confideiable Objedt. But 
 there are many who widely differ in Opi- 
 nion from him ; enough from their Weight 
 and Number to claim the Attention of 
 thofe, who examine the commercial Prin- 
 ciples 
 
[ 5 « ] 
 
 ciples upon which a Peace ought to be con- 
 cluded. The Author fhould, therefore, af- 
 ter eftablifliing the Importance of Guada-^ 
 loupe, give fome Reafons for not infilling 
 upon an Exclufion of France from the 
 Banks of Newfounland, and the Gulph of 
 St. Lawrence : And if he really means that 
 fome Sacrifices “ Ihould be made to the 
 
 Peace of Europe-’’ (P. 92.) after fecuring 
 “ the faireft and fatteft of our Flock,” 
 (P.93.) from the Knife of the Sacrificer, 
 he iliould mark out, in his turn, fome Vic- 
 tims, lefs coftly, but fufficient to fave the 
 Lives of Thoufands of the human Species, 
 now devoted to the infernal Furies of 
 War. 
 
 But if the comparative Value to Frattce 
 of her Sugar-Iflands and Fifheries were to 
 be adjufted by her, I am not clear, whether 
 in French Eftimation the laft would not pre- 
 ponderate, even as much as the Weji Indies 
 do, in our Author’s Balance, againft North 
 jimerica. But it hath been ftiewn, that 
 comparative Benefits arifing to France, are 
 an unfure Scale of the Interefts of Great Bri- 
 tain : Things of lefs Value to her may be of 
 an Importance to us, infinitely greater than 
 others which (he holds at much a higher 
 Price. Such is the Territory we have ac- 
 quired 
 

 than any pofitive Gain to us, in the laTas 
 
 hot Ifl:n'a':pa'"^^ SiZZ^ 
 
 z^: 
 
 ranon of War, prohibited the I^tn 
 hLh*^ from and the Pope 
 
 ^^’^Subjeds, by Indulgences 
 froin thofe Parts which rendered iUndif’ 
 penfably necefTary. How far the Let: 
 fiartical Policy may prevail in other Po- 
 p rtiCountr^s (and thofe of thatReligion are 
 our only CurtomersforFifli in cannot 
 
 be foretold. But rtiould an Enm^to He 
 retie prevail with the Sect Rome 
 
 a° lelbufv Tf ‘"’ll’" l"j™«ionsj and 
 
 other 
 
 fuerm^ “l- ® themrelves of 
 
 luch Difpenfations ; inrtead of acquiring 
 
 more by an Attempt to poffefs all, w^e maf 
 before enjoyed, 
 
 I 
 
 The 
 
r s8 ] 
 
 TheMud-Fifhery, a confiderable Branch, 
 hath no vent but in Ffatice^ and hath never 
 been carried on by any but Frenchmen in 
 any degree worth Notice. This never can 
 be ours ; and thofe who compute our addi- 
 tional Gains, and the increafing Number of 
 Filhermen in an exclufive Fifliery, by add- 
 ing to our own Stock, all that France had, 
 mull dedudt from their fanguine Calcula- 
 tions this very important Item. We may, 
 no doubt, refufe to France what was granted 
 to her by the Treaty oiVtreebti a Place to 
 dry her Fifh on : We may profccute the 
 
 War until (he acquiefees in a Refufal, which 
 would deprive her Iflands in Americay and 
 her Southern Provinces in Europe, of a ma- 
 terial Article of Suftenance j and we fee 
 what may be the Confequence of fuch Po- 
 licy — a perpetual War, and the Hazard of 
 lofing all. We may go yet farther in our 
 Demands ; we may arrogate an exclufive 
 Empire over the Atlantic Ocean, and forbid 
 a Frenchman (although concealed in perpe- 
 tual Fogs) to carry a Hook, or call a Line 
 in any Part of it ; we may ftipulate what 
 all the Navies of the World cannot enforce: 
 But before we proceed thus far, we muft, 
 by a previous Article in the fame Treaty, 
 rellrain French from fifhing clofe to our 
 Coafts in the Fritijh Channel. 
 
 
 What 
 
[ 59 ] 
 
 ! What Effedl this might have on the 
 Dutch, and how far it might alarm them 
 i for their Herring-Fithery, is a fmall Confi- 
 deration with thofe, who would have Great 
 ' Britain aflume the Port and Character of an 
 uncontrouled Arbiter- over all the Maritime 
 f Powers of Europe. But our Author juftly 
 and finely obferves, (P. 5.) “ It is only in 
 ^ “ Time of great Profperity, that States are 
 
 “ entirely Mafters of their own Condudt, 
 
 ^ “ and in a Capacity of executing new 
 
 “ Schemes of Policy : An Error in thofe 
 “ Schemes becomes at that Time highly 
 I *' dangerous, becaufe they have then Ability 
 I “ to pufh their Error as far as it will go ; 
 
 ; “ and the Mifchief they bring upon them- 
 
 “ felves, is proportionable to the Strength 
 “ which they abufe. An erroneous Policy 
 “ always precedes a declining Power.” This 
 Paflage was well worth tranfcribing. But 
 whether an Abufe of Strength in Profperity 
 be not more likely to go too far, than to flop 
 fhort of its proper Objedt, is recommended 
 to the Examiners Confideration, 
 
 / 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 
f 
 
 
 > 
 
 ih:' 
 
 4 
 
 (. • 
 
 -:a 
 
 
T 
 
 
 ^ \