IN THE CANADIAN MISSION FIELD OF THE 
 CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN CANADA 
 
 Medical Care of Indians by the Church of England in Canada and the Department 
 of Indian Affairs. 
 
 Diocesan Hospitals in the Canadian Field: 1. Our Arctic Hospitals; 2. Dynevor 
 Hospital, Manitoba; 3. St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Lytton, B.C.; 4. A Nursing 
 Centre in the Diocese of Edmonton. 
 
 Hospitals of the Columbia Coast Mission, B.C. 
 
 M.S.C.C. Hospital at Moose Factory, Moosonee. 
 
 Issued free on application to 
 
 Missionary Society Church of England in Canada 
 Church House, 604 Jarvis Street, Toronto 
 
Hospital Supplies 
 
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 The following list given by the Bishop of The Arctic under the title 
 
 ARCTIC HOSPITAL NEEDS 
 
 is so excellent that we venture to take it from its setting at the end of the article on page 9 and 
 place it here for the assistance of any who may be considering the sending of supplies to any of 
 our Church Hospitals. 
 
 Arctic Hospital Needs 
 
 In reply to inquiries in this regard from the 
 Dorcas secretary of the W.A. and others, the 
 following list has been given: 
 
 Bandages, cheesecloth, cloths (dust, dish, 
 scrub), gown for operating (long, white), 
 muslin (unbleached). 
 
 Bedspreads, blankets (all kinds), sheets 
 (bed and crib). 
 
 Towels (bath, hard and roller). 
 
 Bathrobes or dressing-gowns, bedroom slip¬ 
 pers. 
 
 Curtain material. 
 
 Flannel undershirts, flannelette (striped), 
 gingham. 
 
 Thread, needles (sewing, Glovers, knitting, 
 Victrola). Pins, safety or common, tapes 
 (various colours and sizes), scissors, thimbles, 
 wool for knitting, or anything that women 
 could do as hand work while convalescing; 
 
 buttons (bone or pearl). 
 
 N.B .—When natives come into hospital 
 from camp clad in skin clothing, it is neces¬ 
 sary when they are convalescing to supply 
 them with clothes suitable for hospital life; 
 
 therefore the following are most useful in all 
 sizes: 
 
 For Men —Braces, mitts (wool), overalls, 
 rubbers, shirts (flannel, or cotton), suits, 
 sweaters, trousers, underwear, windbreakers. 
 
 For Women —Bloomers (fleece lined or 
 summer wear, assorted sizes), dresses, night¬ 
 gowns, shirts, stockings, slips, sweaters, mitts. 
 
 For Boys —Trousers, overalls, shirts, stock¬ 
 ings, suits, sweaters, underwear, windbreak¬ 
 ers. 
 
 For Girls —Combinations, dresses (cotton or 
 wool), bloomers, vests, nightgowns, slips, 
 stockings, sweaters, windbreakers. 
 
 For Infants —Bands, coats, dresses, night¬ 
 gowns, slips, rompers, stockings, underwear, 
 sweaters, diapers, shawls, bonnets, powder, 
 soap, booties. 
 
 Scrap-books, picture books, notepaper or 
 scribblers for writing, lead pencils, pencil sets, 
 soft rag dolls or animals, paper dolls, scissors, 
 or anything that a child could play with in bed 
 or when convalescing. 
 
 O God the Holy Ghost, Sanctifier of the faithful, visit, we pray Thee, Thy 
 Church in this Dominion with Thy love and favour; and so prosper every work 
 which Thou givest her to do that we, her members, may be found good and faith¬ 
 ful servants in the day of Our Lord Jesus Christ. Incline us to bear one another’s 
 burdens, and to afford to Thy missionaries in our Dominion and in foreign lands, 
 all needful support and encouragement; of Thy mercy, O blessed Spirit, Whom 
 with the Father and the Son together, we worship and glorify as One God world 
 without end. Amen. 
 
 2 — 
 
Medical Care of Indians by the Church of England in Canada 
 and the Department of Indian Affairs 
 
 (By kind assistance from Rev. Dr. Westgate) 
 
 $13,128.16 
 
 10,718.61 
 
 8,334.10 
 
 12,533.67 
 
 2,732.85 
 
 3,735.21 
 
 'HE Church of England in Canada and 
 other Churches are interested in medical 
 care provided by the Department of 
 Indian Affairs for 112,510 Indians located 
 throughout the Dominion. According to the 
 Report of the Auditor-General for the fiscal 
 year 1933-1934, the following hospitals for 
 Indians were financed by this department of 
 the government during that period, and to the 
 extent indicated in each case: 
 
 Lady Willingdon Hospital, Six Na¬ 
 tions Reserve (Ontario). 
 
 Norway House Hospital (Man.) 
 
 File Hills Hospital (Sask.). 
 
 Blood Agency Hospital (Alta.) . 
 
 Peigan Agency Hospital (Alta.) 
 
 Sarcee Agency Hospital (Alta) . 
 
 Other hospital facilities are provided, as in 
 the case of the one on the Blackfoot Reserve 
 (Alberta), but as it is financed from the in¬ 
 terest on the Blackfoot Band’s invested funds, 
 it does not appear in the list given in the 
 Auditor-General’s Report. 
 
 In addition to hospi¬ 
 tals, such as the above, 
 the Auditor General’s 
 report specifies the 
 amounts expended in 
 each Indian agency in 
 each province and ter¬ 
 ritory under the follow¬ 
 ing headings: 
 
 Physician or physi¬ 
 cians, part time or full 
 time; Hospitals; Drug 
 allowance or drug sup¬ 
 plies; Dispensers; Medi¬ 
 cal attendance; Nurses. 
 
 The Department sup¬ 
 plies drugs widely, both 
 by central purchase and 
 local prescription. It 
 engages, in fact, in 
 every activity affecting 
 the individual and com¬ 
 munity health of about 
 112,500 people living in 
 some 800 separate com¬ 
 munities. 
 
 The details are too 
 
 numerous to record here, but the total ex¬ 
 pended in Nova Scotia, under the above 
 headings during 1933-1934, was $34,821.22. 
 As the Indians in that province numbered at 
 that time 3,854, the per capita expenditure for 
 medical treatment was $9.03. 
 
 In New Brunswick for the same period the 
 total expenditure was $24,154.26. As the 
 Indian population at that time was 1,734, the 
 per capita cost for medical treatment was 
 $13.92. 
 
 If the average per capita cost for the 112 r 
 510 Indians in Canada works out at the aver¬ 
 age rate of these two provinces, then the total 
 annual expenditure incurred by the Indian 
 Department for medical treatment of its 
 wards must amount to considerably over $1,- 
 000,000. (Dr. McGill fixes the per capita cost 
 at about $10.) 
 
 A comprehensive statement on “The Health 
 of the Indians” appeared in the report of Dr. 
 Harold W. McGill, to the Superintendent Gen¬ 
 eral of Indian Affairs, dated Ottawa, July 11th, 
 1934. 
 
 Extracts from Dr. Harold McGill’s Report: 
 
 “The relative absence of controllable com¬ 
 municable diseases among Indians is not a 
 matter of chance or good fortune. It is the 
 result of constant vigilance on the part of 
 
 The new buildings, Shingwauk Indian Residential School, Algoma. 
 
 Indian agents departmental medical officers, 
 and other employees in the field. They are 
 empowered and, in fact, commanded, to use 
 the most prompt and vigorous measures to 
 prevent outbreaks of communicable disease 
 from developing into epidemics. They derive 
 
 — 3 — 
 
Hospital attached to our Indian Residential School at Hay 
 River. 
 
 their authority from this department, and use 
 as their instrument the Public Health Regu¬ 
 lations of the province in which they live. 
 They receive good co-operation from the 
 Indians, and are free from many difficulties 
 which beset municipal health officers.” 
 
 “The economic and educational conditions 
 obtaining at the present day are discussed 
 elsewhere in this report. From a health stand¬ 
 point it may be of interest to observe that the 
 maternal mortality rate among Indians is very 
 low, that small pox has apparently become a 
 disease of the past, that many of their houses 
 are models of well-kept homes, that tubercu¬ 
 losis no longer threatens the future of 
 the race and that, in certain fact, that 
 future is assured.” 
 
 “In the field of trachoma definite 
 progress is being made in treatment of 
 individual cases of the disease. The in¬ 
 cidence of trachoma among Indians is 
 now known fairly 1 accurately. The eye 
 specialist who carried out the survey 
 in 1930 has been carrying on preventive 
 and treatment work since the end of 
 1931. He has demonstrated that it is 
 perfectly possible to control the prog¬ 
 ress of trachoma in the individual, and 
 the outlook for the young Indian who 
 has the disease is now vastly better 
 than it was. Speaking generally, he has had 
 splendid co-operation on the part of the doc¬ 
 tors and residential school staffs who are in 
 charge of the care of the growing generation. 
 He reports that, in some schools, the disease 
 is definitely under control, and considers that 
 it will so remain so long as the pupils are in 
 the school.” 
 
 “It is more than possible that the popula¬ 
 tion of some of the northern hunting com¬ 
 munities is tending to advance beyond the 
 food supplies of the districts in which they 
 live. Rabbits and other small game animals 
 and birds have been very plentiful during the 
 past two winters, but the cycle of wild life in 
 the forest is now at its height, and will wane 
 again shortly. Next winter, or the following 
 
 one, may be expected to be periods of scarcity. 
 The growth of population in the last analysis 
 depends upon the food supply, and the de¬ 
 partment anticipates that there will be a defi¬ 
 nite increase in the death rate among remote 
 bands in the next two or three years.” 
 
 “The aeroplane has brought almost every 
 Indian community in Canada into frequent 
 contact with civilization.” 
 
 “The health work of the department has 
 been called upon to share in the general con¬ 
 tribution to economy on government costs, 
 and has reduced its outlay in the last four 
 years to an aggregate amount of nearly half a 
 million of dollars. Many physicians have been 
 called upon to accept somewhat less than they 
 have earned, probably some hospitals have 
 cared for Indian patients at less than the cost 
 of operation nursing services have been dis¬ 
 pensed with in some areas, possibly there had 
 been some suffering which in better times 
 would have been avoided. No essential 
 service, however, has been sacrificed, and no 
 physician or hospital has been asked to care 
 for Indian patients without compensation. 
 Tuberculosis work has not been extended in 
 the degree hoped for five years ago, but, on 
 the other hand, the foundation of a trachoma 
 service has been laid in the midst of the de¬ 
 pression.” 
 
 The Blackfoot Hospital, Alberta (50 patients) 
 
 Extract from the Annual Report of the De¬ 
 partment of Indian Affairs, 1935: 
 
 “Progress is a relative term, and the evi¬ 
 dences of improvement in the condition of 
 Indian health must not be allowed to induce 
 in the public mind an impression that all is 
 well. While tuberculosis is visibly decreasing, 
 and certain forms of it, notably glandular 
 tuberculosis or scrofula, is very rapidly dis¬ 
 appearing, the death rate from this cause 
 among Indians is still some five times that 
 among the population at large.” 
 
 “Obvious progress is being made in the 
 battle against trachoma. Begun in the midst 
 of the financial depression this service, for 
 lack of funds, has not been developed as rap¬ 
 idly as the department would have wished. It 
 4 — 
 
has had, however, the advantage of the direc¬ 
 tion of an exceptionally well qualified, indus¬ 
 trious and diplomatic eye specialist, and of 
 the most careful co-operation of the principals 
 and staffs of the residential schools, and of 
 local medical officers attending schools and 
 reserves. It is gratifying to be able to report 
 that the number of acute cases of trachoma in 
 the schools has greatly diminished. This does 
 not mean that the disease is nearly con¬ 
 quered. There is a great deal of practically 
 unreachable trachoma among the older peo¬ 
 ple on the reserves.” 
 
 Letter to Rev. Dr. Westgate, Jan. 18th, 1936: 
 
 “The Indians of Canada live in perhaps 800 
 different communities located in every habit¬ 
 able part of the country. 
 
 “They are organized in seme 110 Indian 
 Agencies, and are provided with such medical 
 
 Government Hospital on the Sarcee Reserve, Alberta. 
 (52 patients) 
 
 care as is available in the districts in which 
 they live, supplemented, in many places by 
 special arrangements for their benefit. 
 
 “Usually a local doctor is employed on a 
 part-time basis, to attend the Indians in his 
 area, and sick Indians are admitted to the 
 local hospital at the expense of the Depart¬ 
 ment. In several places where there are no 
 local doctors or hospitals, the department has 
 established hospitals, or encouraged Church 
 missionary societies to establish them with 
 greater or less financial help from the Gov¬ 
 ernment. 
 
 “In some places the number of Indians is so 
 great that it has been found advisable to em¬ 
 ploy doctors, and maintain hospitals for them 
 alone. 
 
 “The total medical staff in the field amounts 
 to about: Medical officers, full time, some of 
 whom are also Indian agents, 20; nurses, in¬ 
 cluding hospital staffs, 40; field matrons, or 
 lay dispensers, 50; doctors employed on part- 
 time, 350; departmental hospitals (Govern¬ 
 ment), 8; total net capacity, about 160; 
 
 nursing stations, 3. The department also 
 co-operates with Christian churches in main¬ 
 taining, wholly or largely for the benefit of 
 the Indians, about 12 hospitals.” 
 
 (Signed) E. L. Stone, M.B., 
 
 Director of Medical Services, Department of Indian Affairs. 
 
 The Church of England: 
 
 The Church’s contribution to this important 
 work is made (1) either by the M.S.C.C. 
 through its Woman’s Auxiliary (from their 
 share of the Government grant), or its In¬ 
 dian Residential School Commission, or (2) 
 through the various diocesan organizations. 
 For some years the Indian Department ex¬ 
 tended to the society the privilege of nomin¬ 
 ating suitable nurses for certain districts, but 
 this arrangement has been discontinued, and 
 the department now appoints the nurses for 
 these districts without any consultation with 
 the society. 
 
 So far as any contributions are made by the 
 respective dioceses or the W.A., reliable in¬ 
 formation may be secured from their officers 
 direct. 
 
 The help given by the Indian Residential 
 School Commission, apart from the hospital 
 attached to the Hay River School, where there 
 is a nurse in charge, is largely provided 
 through the appointment of registered nurses 
 to staff positions at the society’s schools ad¬ 
 ministered by it. At the beginning of the year 
 1936 the nurses thus engaged were as follows: 
 
 Carcross, head matron; Alert Bay, head 
 matron; Blood, head matron; Peigan, girls’ 
 supervisor; Elkhorn, head matron; Sioux 
 Lookout, boys’ supervisor; Shingwauk, head 
 matron; Moose Factory, head matron; Fort 
 George, boys’ supervisor. 
 
 Where no nurse holds a staff position at one 
 of the society’s schools, the following nursing 
 medical, or hospital services are available for 
 the pupils in residence: 
 
 Wabasca, district nurse appointed by the 
 department; Blackfoot, Agency hospital avail¬ 
 able, fully staffed, and with a lady doctor in 
 charge; Onion Lake, Indian Agent is a fully 
 qualified physician; Lac la Ronge, district 
 nurse appointed by the department; Chap- 
 leau, civic hospital available within two miles. 
 
 The increase in the Indian population of 
 Canada from 108,012 in 1933 to 112,510 in 
 1934, may partly be attributed to the influ¬ 
 ence of the Indian Residential Schools, and 
 partly to the increased medical and nursing 
 facilities which the department has been en¬ 
 abled to supply. Further help in the building 
 up of the Indian physique has been provided 
 through clinics conducted by Provincial Gov¬ 
 ernments, but the great question of the eradi¬ 
 cation of tuberculosis amongst the Indians of 
 Canada would appear to be incapable of solu¬ 
 tion until further and adequate funds are 
 provided for this specific purpose. 
 
Diocesan. Hospitals in the Canadian Mission Field 
 
 I.—OUR ARCTIC HOSPITALS 
 
 By THE BISHOP OF THE ARCTIC 
 
 In the North West Territories the Dominion Government does not erect schools or hospitals, 
 and is generously assisted by the Government by grants towards the operating expenses 
 
 This the Church does 
 of these institutions. 
 
 I N the Diocese of The Arctic two fully 
 equipped hospitals are maintained. 
 
 All Saints’ Hospital, Aklavik was the 
 first to be established and has an interesting 
 history. At a meeting of the Board of Man¬ 
 agement, M.S.C.C., held at Calgary in Sep¬ 
 tember, 1923, Dr. Lucas, Bishop of Mackenzie 
 River, spoke of the constantly recurring diffi¬ 
 culties in connection with the medical side of 
 the work in the Aklavik area . The matter was 
 discussed, and a resolution in favour of the 
 new effort moved by Canon Gould, the Gen¬ 
 eral Secretary of the Society, and seconded by 
 Bishop Roper, of Ottawa, was passed. The 
 problem now was that of obtaining the neces¬ 
 sary funds. For a time the matter seemed to 
 be at a standstill, but about eighteen months 
 
 Cross” of the western Arctic, and it was vital 
 that the Church should meet the needs of the 
 new developments. 
 
 The building was completed and received 
 its first patient in the summer of 1926. The 
 staff consisted of a graduate nurse, assisted by 
 a house matron, and the first patient was an 
 Indian from Fort Norman in the south suf¬ 
 fering from a dislocated shoulder. 
 
 The hospital staff had to contend against 
 many difficulties and not the least discourage¬ 
 ment, so brave hearts were needed. 
 
 Gradually the people learned to appreciate 
 the wonderful results obtained, and in 1931, 
 the accommodation had to be increased from 
 eight to eighteen beds, and the staff increased 
 to three graduate nurses, a house matron, a 
 
 All Saints’ Hospital, Aklavik, opened in 1926, built and staffed by 
 the Church of England in Canada. The staff consists of three 
 nurses and a house matron in residence. The rooms of the. staff 
 are in the wing at the left of the picture. This hospital ministers 
 to the sick in a radius of 200 miles and, like the Church, makes 
 no distinction of race or religion in patients it receives. 
 
 later came the news of a most 
 generous gift for this purpose 
 from a Church family in Ontario 
 —the names withheld. It is now 
 known that the late Col. and Mrs. 
 Leonard of St. Catharines, Ont., 
 were the donors. 
 
 This hospital was the logical 
 development of the good work 
 done by Archdeacon Whittaker at 
 Fort McPherson and of the noble 
 work done in the Diocese of 
 
 Yukon by Mrs. Stringer, Mrs. Fry 
 and others at Herschel Island. 
 The newly - established post at 
 Aklavik, one hundred and twenty 
 miles north of the Arctic Circle, 
 was fast becoming the “Charing 
 
 Staff at All Saints’ Hospital with Dr. Urquhart, Government 
 doctor in charge of this area. From left to right:—Miss 
 Bradford (retired), Miss Solomon, R.N. (top), who succeeded 
 her, Miss Ruth Hamilton, R.N., Miss Helen Hutcheson, R.N. 
 We have no photograph of Mr. Roland McLean, who is in 
 charge of the fishing, heating and water supply of the hos¬ 
 pital. Water supply is secured by twelve months’ melting of 
 ice for drinking purposes, as even in the summer the river 
 water is not fit for this use. 
 
 — 6 
 
native ward-maid and an outside handyman. 
 A year later (thanks to the generosity of 
 friends in Toronto) a complete installation of 
 electric light and X-ray equipment was sent 
 out. The electricity is obtained from a six- 
 kilowatt Westinghouse generator, driven by a 
 ten-horsepower full Diesel two cycle engine, 
 with the necessary converter, transformer, 
 etc., all of the latest type. The X-ray machine 
 is known as a Westinghouse Duplex. It is a 
 very complete radiographic diagnostic unit for 
 general work, with the addition of a fluro- 
 scopic assembly of large size and of the 
 latest type. This machine is fitted with the 
 latest type of Metalix Auto-Protective Tube, 
 reckoned to be of superior mechanical 
 strength, giving larger service and better 
 photographic results, due to increased speed 
 and consistency with greater economy as well 
 as avoidance of breakdown. 
 
 St. Luke’s Hospital Pangnirtung, Baffin Land 
 
 When the Rev. E. J. Peck began his work 
 in Baffin Land in 1894, he was much disturbed 
 because of the suffering and sorrow endured 
 by the Eskimo owing to their ignorance of 
 medical science, coupled with many cruel and 
 revolting superstitious practices. Although 
 
 Mrs. Tom Green¬ 
 wood, M.D., who 
 after her gradua¬ 
 tion in medicine 
 at McGill Univer¬ 
 sity went down 
 the McKenzie last 
 summer to join 
 her husband at 
 Fort McPherson, 
 where he has 
 been our mission¬ 
 ary since July, 
 1934. 
 
 That was the first hospital in Baffin Land, 
 and was succeeded in 1930-31 by St. Luke’s 
 Hospital (ten beds) at Pangnirtung, erected 
 about sixty miles distant from the original one, 
 and ministering to some of the very people 
 who were known to Dr. Peck and his fellow 
 workers. 
 
 St. Luke’s Hospital, Pangnirtung, Baffin 
 Land, like All Saints’ Hospital, Aklavik, N.W. 
 T., is the outcome of the generosity of Church 
 people both in Canada and in the Motherland 
 —indeed half the cost of the 
 original building was borne by 
 friends in England, the other 
 half by friends in Canada. 
 
 
 m 
 
 St. Luke’s Hospital, Pangnirtung, erected in 1931 and staffed by 
 the Church of England in Canada. 
 
 Mr. Peck knew little of medicine, the young 
 missionaries who were associated with him 
 spent one year each at Livingstone Medi¬ 
 cal College, London, England, to fit them¬ 
 selves as far as possible to meet this problem. 
 
 They erected a small outbuilding near the 
 mission house, which was set apart as a hos¬ 
 pital. It was ill-equipped, but it provided a 
 place where serious cases could be taken and 
 given care and attention. This was a definite 
 step forward, since at that time the Eskimo 
 were pagan, and it was difficult for the mis¬ 
 sionaries to treat the patients properly in 
 their tents and snow houses. In the small 
 rough shack which was termed “the hospital”, 
 the missionaries spent long hours ministering 
 to the sick and diseased, and from it many a 
 poor Eskimo returned to his people restored 
 to health and strength. 
 
 The matter of furnishing the 
 hospital was of considerable im¬ 
 portance and expense, but here, 
 too, God answered the prayers 
 of the faithful, for He moved 
 the hearts of members of the 
 Woman’s Auxiliary and others 
 to bear a share in the work. 
 
 (1) The nurses’ living room 
 and their bedrooms were fur¬ 
 nished through two memorials— 
 (a) a memorial to Mrs. Florence 
 Beatty-Walker; (b) a memorial to Mr. A. E. 
 Osier. 
 
 (2) The bathroom equipment was paid for 
 by the Dominion Board of the Woman’s Aux¬ 
 iliary, Canada. 
 
 (3) A young women’s Bible Class in To¬ 
 ronto known as the “Sunshine Circle Allies” 
 met the expenses connected with the furnish¬ 
 ing of the room for native helpers. 
 
 (4) Various gifts were generously contri¬ 
 buted by local W.A. branches and members in 
 Canada. 
 
 (5) The Dorcas secretary of the Toronto 
 Diocesan W.A. appealed to the local branches 
 for this hospital, and over $942 was contri¬ 
 buted. This money was largely used to pur¬ 
 chase material such as linen, cotton, flannel¬ 
 ette, etc. In 1931 the Hospital Dorcas Com¬ 
 mittee, Toronto, sent twelve bales of goods 
 
 — 7 — 
 
containing garments, sheets, quilts, pneumo¬ 
 nia jackets, bandages, aprons, laundry bags 
 and rugs by the government ship “Beothic”. 
 The W.A. supplied (a) a set of Holy Com¬ 
 munion silver and linen for hospital use, in a 
 specially made box; (b) a fine radio set of 
 the latest and most improved battery type, 
 with additional valves and batteries. By 
 
 Miss Prudence Hockin, R.N., nurse in 
 charge at St. Luke’s Hospital, Pangnir- 
 tung, with the first patient. 
 
 means of this instrument news from the out¬ 
 side world is received throughout the winter. 
 
 A number of beds have been endowed in 
 perpetuity in memory of friends, and the 
 money so given has been invested by the 
 Joint Investment Committee of the General 
 Synod of the M.S.C.C. The interest on this 
 money is paid yearly in support of the respec¬ 
 tive beds. Then, too, three beds are supported 
 annually, one by the Loucheaux Indians of 
 Fort McPherson, one by Emmanuel College, 
 Saskatoon, in memory of the late Rev. Her¬ 
 bert Girling, and one by the boys of Lakefield 
 Preparatory School, Lakefield, Ontario. 
 
 In the same year (1932) that the X-ray and 
 electric light equipment was sent to All Saints’ 
 Hospital, Aklavik, a similar outfit was sent to 
 St. Luke’s Hospital, Pangnirtung. The X-ray 
 equipment for All Saints’ Hospital, Aklavik, 
 was given by the late Mrs. C. P. Larkin of 
 Toronto, the electric lighting equipment was 
 the gift of the late Mrs. R. T. Gooderham, To¬ 
 ronto; while the X-ray and electric lighting 
 set for St. Luke’s Hospital, Pangnirtung, was 
 given in the name of little Katherine Kemp 
 (aged six years) in loving memory of her 
 father the Honourable Sir A. Edward Kemp, 
 
 K.C.M.G., P.C. The power house is a mem¬ 
 orial to Miss Clara Bell of All Saints’ Mission 
 Band, All Saints’ Church, Toronto. 
 
 At the residential schools at Fort George 
 and Aklavik are infirmaries with a graduate 
 nurse in charge. The school infirmary and 
 dispensary at Fort George are doing excellent 
 work, but are quite inadequate to meet the 
 situation. There is pressing need for a small 
 hospital to take care of the sick and afflicted 
 in that area. A hospital building with the 
 necessary equipment complete, costs about 
 $20,000 to $25,000, while $1,000 endows a bed 
 in perpetuity or $50 a year meets current 
 expense. 
 
 A study of the hospital reports reveals a 
 great variety in the work from simple things 
 like infant care, cuts, bruises, fractures, eye 
 conditions, malnutrition, and teeth extractions 
 to appendicitis, hernia, chicken pox, typhoid, 
 jaundice and tuberculosis. 
 
 At Aklavik we find the greatest variety of 
 races. A fair percentage of the patients are 
 white people, traders, trappers, government 
 officials and others, but the larger proportion 
 of the patients are Loucheaux Indians and 
 coastal Eskimo, with a few Laplanders con¬ 
 nected with the government reindeer project. 
 One of the most encouraging features of the 
 Church’s hospital work is revealed in the 
 growing confidence manifested by all the 
 people. 
 
 At Pangnirtung there are only the two 
 races, white and Eskimo. Here, as at Aklavik, 
 the work began under great difficulties, but 
 thanks to the loyalty and devotion of our 
 workers there has been great progress and an 
 earnest request has been made that the ac¬ 
 commodation be increased. 
 
 The staff in training at Pangnirtung—cook, 
 laundress and assistant. These girls come 
 by the day to give their help—one of whom 
 did not miss one day in four years. 
 
 It only remains to be added that the work 
 of our hospitals increases year by year, and 
 it is good to be able to record that the Dom¬ 
 inion government, through the Department of 
 the Interior, has had numbers of our X-ray 
 photographs examined by experts at Ottawa 
 and Montreal, and have received highest com- 
 
 — 8 — 
 
Miss Ilockin in her time off is 
 provided with supper for her 
 household. 
 
 Two patients in the women’s ward who display some of the benefits and 
 eheeriness of the hospital care. 
 
 mendation for the excellence of the service 
 rendered. 
 
 It would be of the greatest possible value to 
 the people of Arctic Canada if four more hos¬ 
 pitals could be established at strategic points. 
 This can be done only when the funds are 
 available—roughly, $25,000 each. 
 
 Finally, it should be recorded that it would 
 be impossible for the Church to carry on 
 these hospitals without the generous aid given 
 
 by the Dominion government through the De¬ 
 partment of the Interior, Ottawa. With the 
 government grants the annual upkeep to the 
 Church of each hospital is little more than 
 that of one of the other mission stations, and 
 in addition to its efficiency and beneficence as 
 successful hospital service meeting a great 
 need, our highest hopes of its success as 
 a strongly mission agency is abundantly 
 realized. 
 
 • • * 
 
 THE LOSS BY FIRE OF ALL SAINTS’ HOSPITAL, AKLAVIK 
 
 (Since the Above Article Was Printed) 
 
 The news received by the Right Rev. A. L. Fleming. Bishop of the Arctic, on the night of April 6th, that this invaluable 
 outpost of the Church had been completely destroyed by fire is a loss and sorrow in which Church people throughout Canada 
 will most deeply share. 
 
 The Bishop states that to all right-minded members of our Church the re-establishment of this Hospital will make the 
 strongest appeal, and that immediate action is a necessity: 
 
 1. On account of the limited period in which navigation is available to this Arctic post—delay will involve the loss of 
 indispensable ministrations for an entire year. 
 
 2. The disaster falls upon the whole Church, rich and poor by whose gifts the Hospital was established and maintained, 
 and who have shared in its beneficent work. 
 
 3. To meet this great emergency, a complete hospital outfit can be sent forward during the coming Summer if the money 
 is provided in time. 
 
 “He who gives now gives twice”—if ever there was an occasion on which this was true, this is one. 
 
 The Need is most urgent. The Call is imperative. The Response lies with the sympathetic people of our own Church. 
 
 — 9 — 
 
DYNEVOR HOSPITAL, DIOCESE OF RUPERT S LAND 
 
 Introductory Note 
 
 From the W.A. Letter Leaflet —January, 
 1896—“Provincial Notes”. 
 
 “Archdeacon Phair of Winnipeg, writes: — 
 
 “ ‘When in Eastern Canada, I collected $1,000 with 
 which, over a year ago, we purchased suitable build¬ 
 ings for the Dynevor Hospital and large grounds 
 adjoining. We have “waited on the Lord” to send us 
 the right man to take charge of the work, and now 
 I am thankful to say a competent Christian medical 
 man has offered and the building will, I trust, soon 
 be open, and in the Master’s name and in entire 
 dependence on Him, we will begin the work of min¬ 
 istering to the bodily and spiritual wants of these 
 needy people, through this new service. 
 
 “ ‘We will need bedding, house-linen, cooking 
 utensils, in fact, everything to begin and lots of 
 strengthening food for patients.’ ” 
 
 An appeal follows to all branches of the 
 W.A. who are working for this hospital to 
 communicate with the Provincial Dorcas 
 secretary. 
 
 DYNEVOR INDIAN HOSPITAL 
 
 By REV. CANON G. J. O. MURRAY, D.D., 
 Vice-Chairman, Hospital Committee 
 
 D YNEVOR HOSPITAL is situated on the 
 banks of the Red River about three 
 miles from Selkirk. The old part of the 
 present building was originally the parsonage 
 of St. Peter’s parish, which owes its estab¬ 
 lishment in 1833 to Archdeacon Cochran, a 
 man of decided ability, himself the first rector 
 of St. Andrew’s. 
 
 St. Peter’s Church was the fourth Anglican 
 church built in the west, its three predeces¬ 
 sors being St. John’s Cathedral, known as the 
 Upper Church; St. Andrew’s, called the 
 Lower Church, and St. Paul’s, Middle 
 Church. St. Peter’s was an entirely Indian 
 parish; and Archdeacon Cochran did a great 
 work among them; as the writer of the Life 
 
 of Archbishop Machray says: “He not only 
 Christianized the Indians, but civilized them”. 
 They became good citizens, and later at the 
 time of the Riel Rebellion the same writer 
 notices that Henry Prince, Chief of the 
 Swampy Cree Indians, who lived in and 
 about St. Peter’s parish (of which Archdea¬ 
 con Cowley then had charge) wrote in a 
 
 Dynevor Hospital, adjoining the church at St. Peter’s 
 Mission (1930). 
 
 loyal strain, and expressed his dislike of Riel 
 and the rebels. 
 
 It is, therefore, fitting that (as stated in the 
 first annual report of the hospital), “This 
 hospital is for the benefit of Indians only.” It 
 was to be for the benefit of the Indian race as 
 a whole. “While it is intended to do Christian 
 work, as well as medical, it is not intended to 
 make it a denominational institution.” And 
 its patients have never been limited to St. 
 
 Peter’s Reserve. They 
 come from all over. The 
 first patient, “A. S.”, came 
 from Fort Alexander, 
 Keewatin. 
 
 The building was first 
 the parsonage of Arch¬ 
 deacon Cowley, for many 
 years missionary at St. 
 Peter’s Reserve. After 
 this time it lay vacant for 
 some years, until the late 
 Archdeacon R. Phair con¬ 
 ceived the plan of turning 
 it into a hospital for the 
 Indians. 
 
 In 1896 the members of 
 the Woman’s Auxiliary in 
 
 Dynevor Indian Hospital, Diocese of Rupert’s Land. T.B. wards at the right 
 and Nurses’ Home at left. 
 
 — 10 — 
 
Toronto, Montreal, Quebec, 
 
 Ottawa, Rupert’s Land and 
 elsewhere, contributed the 
 sum of $1,000 for the pur¬ 
 chase of the building and 
 land from the C.M.S., to 
 whom they belonged. And 
 on the 12th March, 1896, 
 the hospital was formally 
 opened. The Dominion Gov¬ 
 ernment gave an annual 
 grant of $300, and the Do¬ 
 mestic and Foreign Mission¬ 
 ary Society also helped. Dr. 
 
 Rolston and his wife were at 
 first in charge, giving their 
 services voluntarily. After 
 their departure for the Coast, 
 
 Miss Lochhart, a trained 
 nurse from England, became 
 lady superintendent, and did 
 years of splendid work, be¬ 
 ing succeeded by Miss Mit¬ 
 chell, a very efficient head of the hospital for 
 several years, until she married Rev. R. S. 
 Cushing. Mrs. Pearson, Miss Gill, and the 
 present superintendent, Miss Wheeldon, also 
 rendered excellent service. The present 
 Bishop of Moosonee, then Rev. J. G. Ander¬ 
 son, rector of St. Peter’s, acted as chaplain; 
 being succeeded by the Rev. Malcolm Scott, 
 and ultimately by the present chaplain, Rev. 
 W. H. Walker. 
 
 The equipment of the hospital at first was 
 primitive in the extreme, but gradually gifts 
 from W.A. branches in Canada and various 
 sums towards an endowment, such as “the 
 Ethel Carter Memorial Fund”, enabled im¬ 
 provements to be made. 
 
 Another difficulty of the early days was the 
 dread of hospitals then common among the 
 Indians. Miss Milledge records that, “When 
 two little Indian girls were admitted, their 
 mother stood near the window at night, with 
 the thermometer at 45 degrees below zero, to 
 make quite sure her little ones were safe”. 
 Today, however, the Indians have got over 
 this fear and recognize in the hospital a friend 
 in need. Other difficulties in the early days 
 were the want of a telephone and electric 
 light. But eventually the carrying of a long¬ 
 distance telephone along the road to the 
 north, just opposite the hospital, enabled 
 them to get connection; and soon electricity 
 came, too, and the inadequate and dangerous 
 lamps were things of the past. “Gradually,” 
 as Mrs A. Code writes in her admirable little 
 History of Dynevor Hospital, “with the help 
 of friends, the W.A. and the government, we 
 have gone on to better things.” A new nurses’ 
 home was built, and the W.A. of St. James 
 the Apostle, Montreal, donated the furnish¬ 
 ings. A legacy of $500.00 was left by the late 
 
 (By kindness of Deaconess S. E. Milledge) 
 
 St. Peter’s Mission on the Red River, “The Rainbow of the North” as Bishop 
 Mountain calls it in his little book, published after his remarkable journey by 
 canoe from Montreal to visit this mission in 1844, and of which this picture is 
 the “frontispiece”.* 
 
 Mr. Roberts of Winnipeg. The Audrey Cot 
 was endowed in 1902, and later another was 
 founded by the G.F.S. of Christ Church, 
 Winnipeg. 
 
 The hospital was at first managed by a 
 committee, appointed by the Archbishop. In 
 1908 the W.A. of Rupert’s Land undertook 
 the responsibility of the hospital and its man¬ 
 agement. It still was far from plain sailing 
 in a financial point of view. “Often,” states 
 one report, “we could not see where the next 
 cent was to come from, but it came.” In 1910 
 the bills could not be met, and there was talk 
 of closing the hospital! But Archbishop 
 Matheson made a special appeal, and also 
 suggested to the W.A. that a special com¬ 
 mittee should be appointed to take charge of 
 the hospital, consisting of twenty members of 
 the advisory boards of the W.A. This was 
 done, Mr. Dagg being the secretary; Mrs. 
 Monkhouse, treasurer. The Archbishop him¬ 
 self, actual chairman, but in his absence, 
 Canon Murray, vice-chairman, representing 
 
 From <( Our Church in Rupert's Land ”, by Canon Bertal 
 Heeney. 
 
 ♦“And his visitation had permanent results: they are best 
 stated in the language of the first Bishop of Rupert’s Land 
 in a letter to Bishop Mountain. It runs as follows:—“The 
 Diocese owes so deep a debt of gratitude to your Lordship 
 for its formation, and for the interest with which it is 
 regarded by the Church at large, that one of my first 
 desires on my arrival, has been to write to tender my thanks 
 for all that you were enabled to do in 1844, and for that 
 account of the condition of the people which drew the 
 attention of the Christian World to the necessity of a 
 resident Bishop ... It was from (your) simple and forcible 
 statements that I felt so interested in the condition and 
 prospects of the Indian that I at last determined to accept 
 the call to the Bishopric.’’ 
 
 Thus the founding of the Diocese and the calling of the 
 Bishop are both traced to their source in the visit and in 
 the appeal of George Jehoshaphat Mountain. It must never 
 be forgotten, however, that the visit of Bishop Mountain 
 was concurred in and the expense of it borne by that great 
 Society, the Church Missionary Society, to which the 
 Church in this Diocese owes its very existence, if not its 
 origin.” 
 
 — 11 
 
St. Peter’s Mission (1930), between the town of Selkirk and the mouth of the 
 
 Red River. 
 
 (Kindness of Rev. W. H. Walker of Selkirk) 
 
 him. A few members of the 
 W.A. collected a substantial 
 sum from the churchmen of 
 Winnipeg, and since then the 
 Dynevor Hospital has never 
 been in debt. 
 
 Our present excellent 
 treasurer, Mrs. Wilcox, re¬ 
 ports a balance in the bank 
 of over $2,000, some of which 
 will be required for repairs 
 to the buildings. 
 
 In 1915 the Dominion Gov¬ 
 ernment suggested that we 
 should build a new wing to 
 the hospital, suitable for T.B. 
 patients, and promised an 
 increased grant and more 
 patients if we did so. A com¬ 
 mittee was formed to talk over the matter, a 
 vigorous canvass was made; friends all over 
 Canada helped. The building was undertaken 
 and in about a year was completed; and the 
 new wing was opened in 1916, with inside 
 wards, open-air balconies, and a capacity of 
 twenty beds. There were soon ten patients, 
 then twenty; and during the flu epidemic of 
 1918-19 the hospital was so full, that many 
 had to sleep on the floor. 
 
 The older part of the hospital, is now used 
 for aged invalids; and the T.B. patients are 
 all in the new wing. So now our hospital 
 fulfils two purposes, a home for aged Indian 
 men and women, and a regulation hospital. 
 
 The average number of patients of all kinds 
 in the hospital of recent years has been from 
 twenty to twenty-five. In 1934 Miss Wheel- 
 
 don reported that there were eleven births. 
 The hospital has a well-equipped maternity 
 ward. 
 
 It will be seen that this institution, founded 
 in faith, with almost nothing in sight, has 
 prospered under God’s good hand, and con¬ 
 tinues to do a good work. 
 
 We who live on the Indian’s land, owe a 
 big debt to them, and Dynevor Hospital, his¬ 
 torically unique, is one of the channels 
 through which we can repay that debt, and 
 do the work of the Master of us all. 
 
 Elizabeth Sampson, graduate of one of our 
 Indian Residential Schools, and a graduate 
 nurse of the Ottawa Civic Hospital, is in her 
 second year of excellent nursing service on 
 the staff at Dynevor Hospital. 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 — 12 — 
 
II.—ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S HOSPITAL AT LYTTON, DIOCESE OF CARIBOO 
 
 Lytton Hospital, B.C. — Early Days 
 
 In the Records of the S.P.G. (1900), we find that 
 their first missionary to British Columbia “Rev. R. 
 Dowson (1859), found his knowledge of medicine of 
 great assistance in his work among the Indians. Since 
 that time occasional medical work has been carried 
 on in the Society’s Missions at Lytton, etc.” 
 
 ‘Here from the first, success attended the work 
 among Indians, and the loving care at the small hos¬ 
 pital helped considerably in finally overcoming the 
 long and bitter opposition of the medicine man.’ 
 
 In the W.A. Letter Leaflets of September and of 
 October, 1904, we find—“Lytton Hospital, on the bank 
 of the Fraser River, and in the midst of five or six 
 Indian Reservations, was the earliest Indian hospital 
 opened in our Canadian West. 
 
 “The original building cost $1,500, largely collected 
 by Bishop Sillitoe, its only maintenance, $500 a year 
 from the Government’s Indian Department, to pay the 
 allotment to a doctor and nurse, and £25 a year from 
 the S.P.C.K. going a small way towards current ex¬ 
 penses.” 
 
 Rev. E. W. Pugh, missionary at Lytton about this 
 time, was a welcome and familiar visitor to many 
 W.A. branches, on behalf of the hospital — towards 
 which contributions for upkeep and equipment were 
 made, and in the “Reports” in the Letter Leaflet of 
 
 the same year we also find—“Within the last three or 
 four years the branches of the W.A. at Quebec, 
 Ottawa, Niagara and Prince Edward Island have 
 given $450 to build a new W.A. Wing at Lytton Hos¬ 
 pital and have also contributed a considerable amount 
 for furnishings and for repairs on the old building.” 
 
 Alas! In this year also—“Our sincere sympathy 
 goes out to Rev. E. W. Pugh, whose medical knowl¬ 
 edge has been of such practical assistance not only 
 to the Lytton Hospital, but also on the Indian Re¬ 
 serves, in the disaster by which he and Mrs. Pugh 
 were greeted, when they returned from their wed¬ 
 ding trip, to find the hospital destroyed by fire.” 
 
 Later, it is noted that—“Assistance from the diocese 
 and from English and Canadian friends towards re¬ 
 building the Lytton Hospital soon resulted in a new 
 and more suitable building, for which the ‘General 
 Board’ of the W.A. undertook an Annual Pledge of 
 $200 towards salaries, and the support of a special cot 
 for children”, and that “gifts by juniors and other 
 branches were forwarded ... to aid in the valuable 
 work being done at this hospital.” 
 
 In the 1936 Budget presented by the treasurer of 
 the Dominion Board of the W.A., we find “for salaries 
 and support for Lytton Hospital—$920”. 
 
 ST. BARTHOLOMEW S HOSPITAL, LYTTON, B.C. 
 
 By Phyllis Burrows, R.N., Matron 
 
 St. Bartholomew's Hospital at Lytton is 
 situated at the centre of the Indian Mission of 
 the Diocese of Cariboo, and, like many relics 
 of pioneer days, had its origin in necessity. 
 
 It developed out of a small dispensary in a 
 back room of the Mission House, which came 
 to be much appreciated by both the Indians 
 and by isolated white residents. 
 
 On St. Bartholomew’s Day, 1893, a four- 
 roomed hospital was opened by Bishop 
 Sillitoe, having only one ward. This was 
 largely the result of a collection in currency 
 and “free gold”, taken by the mixed popu¬ 
 lation, with certain grants in aid. 
 
 The late Sister Frances of Vancouver 
 (who founded the first Training School for 
 nurses in Vancouver, i.e., St. Luke’s) was 
 placed in charge of the hospital, making 
 periodical trips from Vancouver to Lytton 
 for administrative purposes. 
 
 The resident staff consisted of one nurse 
 with an assistant, who was cook, maid, and 
 assistant-nurse combined. 
 
 The late Mrs. E. W. Pugh (nee Miss 
 Crickmay), first president of the Cariboo 
 Diocesan Board of the W.A., was amongst the 
 first nurses followed by the Misses Wickham, 
 who served almost twenty years. 
 
 In 1904 the building was destroyed by fire, 
 from the ashes of which arose an eight-room, 
 two-storey building, which with many altera¬ 
 tions and additions, is in use today. 
 
 In 1931, it was found impossible to accom¬ 
 modate the patients admitted so a Nurse’s 
 Home was erected, which is a modern seven- 
 room house, and a credit to the Mission. 
 
 This allowed an increase in hospital accom¬ 
 modation, from 15 to 27 beds (including three 
 
 The Nurses Home at Lytton Hospital. 
 
 cribs) having eight wards, and the staff in¬ 
 creased to three graduate nurses, two maids, 
 a cook and an orderly. 
 
 The hospital is a diocesan institution, and 
 has been the object of many benefactions and 
 memorials from the W.A. in various parts of 
 Canada, and an annual grant from the Do¬ 
 minion Board of the W.A. for upkeep. 
 
 — 13 
 
Other sources of income 
 are the Indian Department 
 of the Canadian Govern¬ 
 ment per capita grant cover- 
 ering expenses of Indian 
 patients, and most of our 
 white patients are under 
 contract with various de¬ 
 partments such as Govern¬ 
 ment Relief, National De¬ 
 fence, Railway Medical As¬ 
 sociations, or Workmen’s 
 Compensation Board for 
 theirs. 
 
 The work in the Hospital 
 has undergone a definite 
 change. In 1930 it was very 
 much an institution for 
 
 St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Lytton. 
 
 “chronics”, but in the last 
 few years and at present time, a busy round of 
 acute cases and patients are admitted daily. 
 There is no druggist in the district, so dis¬ 
 pensing is a large and important part of the 
 work of the staff. 
 
 There is very little major surgery done. 
 Surgical work consists of a few appendec¬ 
 tomy, tonsilectomy cases, and a great deal of 
 emergency work, especially during the sum¬ 
 mer months. “The Surgery” itself is roomy, 
 fairly well-equipped and lighted. 
 
 Our X-Ray Department is something we 
 may be proud of and a great deal of work is 
 done in this line for a small institution. 
 
 Maternity work is increasing this year, but 
 our annual average is approximately sixteen 
 births. 
 
 A few figures will show briefly the increase 
 generally. 
 
 Days Treatment Patients Admitted 
 for Year and Treated 
 
 1930 . 2,808 203 
 
 1933 . 4,477 286 
 
 1935 4,973 350 
 
 The Lytton Hospital Staff. Back row (left to right): Rev. 
 E. Munn, Missionary; Mr. Blue, Relief Orderly. Middle row: 
 Miss Phyllis Burrows, R.N., Matron; Miss Ruth Price, nurse; 
 Miss Phyllis Dalton, nurse. Front row: Mrs. Ryall, cook; 
 Miss Eliza Joe and Miss Anne Liben, maids. 
 
 Today we are again in sore need of further 
 accommodation; this last winter has been a 
 great strain. Patients have been crowded and 
 frequently had to sleep in the operating room, 
 there being no other room for them. The 
 building is in an appalling condition, ceilings 
 are lathed to hold them up and plaster is 
 ready to fall in many places; it is cold and 
 draughty and certainly not a credit to the 
 Church. 
 
 There is much needed an electric washing 
 apparatus, a new kitchen range, etc., but we 
 are reluctant to install new expensive equip¬ 
 ment in such an old and dilapidated building. 
 The fire hazard is a continual worry, five stoves 
 and a furnace, and this winter the building 
 had two very narrow escapes from fire. 
 
 However, in spite of all handicaps, the work 
 still progresses and patients are now coming 
 to it from a radius of a hundred miles or more. 
 
 The sick are healed, their spiritual welfare 
 attended to, and I believe the hospital displays 
 a true missionary spirit, Indians, relief cases, 
 destitutes, and paying patients all receiving 
 like treatment in His Name. 
 
 FROM THE BISHOP 
 
 I wish to add just a word to the account of the Lytton 
 Hospital as given by the matron. The success of the insti¬ 
 tution for several years past has been due very largely to 
 her capable administration and to the continuous good ser¬ 
 vice of the doctor, who is devoted to his duties in the inter¬ 
 est of both white and Indian patients. The board, too, has 
 given loyal and devoted service in the interest of the 
 patients and of the institution, and deserve the thanks of 
 the Church as well as of the community. 
 
 The present situation regarding a new hospital is most 
 hopeful. It is the intention of the Executive Committee 
 of the Diocese to have a building at the earliest possible 
 time which will be up-to-date and safe with accommoda¬ 
 tion for twenty-five patients. There will be two wings 
 quite separate, for Indians and whites. We have on hand 
 about 812,000 for the project and a promise of $10,000 from 
 the Provincial Government. We have made an appeal to 
 the Indian Department at Ottawa for $18,000 and have 
 received kindly assurance from the Director of Medical 
 Services for the Indian Department and also from the 
 Minister of the Interior that our request will receive sym¬ 
 pathetic consideration. We are now waiting to hear definite 
 word from Ottawa before going on with the work of con¬ 
 struction. 
 
 This will be the second attempt to have the work done, 
 as Bishop Adams, after much work and correspondence, 
 almost had the deal completed several years ago. I am sure 
 that he will be as pleased as we shall be if we can carry 
 the project to a successful issue. 
 
 Bishop's House, Kamloops, B.C. George Cariboo. 
 
 — 14 — 
 
A NURSING CENTRE IN THE DIOCESE OF EDMONTON 
 
 A NEW and interesting project of the 
 Bishop of Edmonton is being put into 
 shape in the “Drayton Valley District” 
 in the southwestern part of this Diocese, “in 
 the foot hills”, where three large lumber mills 
 are at work and about five hundred families 
 are living. 
 
 To quote the Bishop, “There is in this large 
 district, no Church, no Sunday School, no 
 Missionary, no Doctor, and no Nurse.” 
 
 The Bishop’s plans have at last matured 
 and are now being carried forward with gen¬ 
 erous support from “the Fellowship of the 
 Maple Leaf” of London, England, who are 
 supplying certain of the building expenses, 
 and for two years the upkeep, medical sup¬ 
 plies and the support of a Nurse-in-charge and 
 that of a “Church Worker”, who will together 
 carry on the beneficent and educational work, 
 of which this Depot is to be the centre. 
 
 The Nurse-in-charge is to be Miss Rowles, 
 a graduate of the General Hospital at Calgary, 
 herself the daughter of a settler and who has 
 already been a worker for her Church at 
 Empress, Saskatchewan. She is now taking a 
 course at the “Nursing Centre” of the Gov¬ 
 ernment of Alberta, at Alder Flats, Alberta. 
 
 The “Church Worker” chosen is Miss 
 Groves, a “Maple Leaf Worker” and a 
 graduate of St. Christopher’s House, London, 
 who has, during the past two years, been do¬ 
 ing most useful work in the large mission area 
 of Ashmount, in the northwest of the Diocese. 
 Both these young women will have a licence 
 from the Bishop and will be in uniform. 
 
 In the “Nursing Centre” there will be two 
 bedrooms, a living-room and kitchen, and a 
 wood shed with bathroom. There will also 
 be a Dispensary with a commodious Supply 
 cupboard. All will be heated by stoves. 
 
 The residents in the District will give free 
 labour for the erection of the building and 
 will supply the “Centre” with water, wood 
 for fuel, and the necessary transportation. 
 
 So ready are they to do this, that a good 
 supply of wood has already been cut and is 
 piled near the site to dry. 
 
 The Bishop is now concerned over the mat¬ 
 ter of furnishings and the necessities for the 
 Supply Cupboard. 
 
 The former will be chairs, tables, stoves, 
 beds and bedding and other necessities for a 
 simple household. 
 
 Articles for the latter will be such as can 
 be carried to needy people at time of illness 
 or other emergency—cans of invalid food, 
 layettes and other supplies for maternity 
 cases, etc. Other suggestions will no doubt 
 be received from the Bishop as this Institu¬ 
 tion gets to work. 
 
 Self-support is noticeably strong and is pro¬ 
 gressing in the Diocese of Edmonton, but 
 members of the Church have been under a 
 great strain in the carrying on of their mis¬ 
 sionary work, which has also suffered in the 
 last three years from the falling off in grants 
 from the M.S.C.C. 
 
HOSPITALS OF THE COLUMBIA COAST MISSION 
 
 By Mr. Ben Drew, Secretary of the Columbia Coast Mission. 
 
 “T N JUNE, 1904, Rev. John Antle, in a 
 £ 16-ft. boat built by his own hands, made 
 
 a voyage from Vancouver to Alert Bay 
 and back, calling at the lumber camps and 
 settlements, covering altogether a distance of 
 over 500 miles. 
 
 At that time there were upwards of 3,000 
 men living along the coast, chiefly in the lum¬ 
 ber camps, cut off from the comforts of civil¬ 
 ization, destitute of medical or surgical aid, 
 
 Rev. John Antle, 
 Founder, and for 
 thirty years the 
 devoted and re¬ 
 sourceful Super¬ 
 intendent of the 
 Columbia Coast 
 Mission. 
 
 On 
 
 the “Columbia”. 
 
 and almost entirely lacking the privileges and 
 influences of religion. 
 
 He conceived the idea that the only way to 
 help these men was to equip a boat as a hos¬ 
 pital and dispensary, with lending library and 
 facilities for religious services, and to estab¬ 
 lish hospitals along the coast at suitable in¬ 
 tervals. 
 
 Accordingly, the “Columbia I” was launched 
 in April, 1905, and with Mr. Antle in charge 
 and Dr. W. A. B. Hutton as surgeon, started 
 on her mission in May of the same year. 
 
 Thus the gradual hospitalization of the B.C. 
 Coast was started.’’ 
 
 St. Michael’s Hospital, Rock Bay 
 
 The first hospital (Queen’s) was built by 
 the Hastings Mill Co., in 1905, and soon after 
 enlarged. It was destroyed by fire in 1910. A 
 larger and more hospital-like building was 
 
 St. Michael’s Hospital, Rock Bay, B.C. 
 
 erected immediately by the Mission. It is well 
 equipped with fine operating room, its own 
 electric light, a first-class X-Ray machine, and 
 everything necessary to take care of the sick 
 and injured which come to its doors. 
 
 Staff 
 
 Dr. K. Wray-Johnston 1 Cook 
 
 2 Nurses 2 Orderlies 
 
 Number of Beds—12 
 
 Summary of Work for Year 1935 
 
 Hospital days . 
 
 Patients treated in hospital . 
 
 Office visits . 
 
 Home visits . 
 
 1,802 
 
 258 
 
 358 
 
 10 
 
 St. George’s Hospital, Alert Bay 
 
 This hospital was built in 1909, and rebuilt 
 after the fire of 1924, and is situated in a 
 centre which was once an Indian Village, but 
 now a large centre of Whites and Indians. The 
 fishing and lumbering industries contribute 
 their quota of accidents and sickness, and the 
 Indians of the largest agency in B.C. look to 
 it—to quote their big chief—as “the house of 
 salvation and the house of hope”. Being com¬ 
 paratively new, it is up-to-date in its equip¬ 
 ment and design. It has its own electric light 
 plant, and a first-class X-Ray machine which 
 was purchased with money presented by the 
 Indians for that purpose. 
 
 Staff 
 
 Dr. D. B. Ryall 
 
 3 Nurses 1 Cook 
 
 1 Orderly 2 Cook’s Helps 
 
 Number of Beds—27 
 
 Summary of Work for Year 1935 
 
 Hospital days .3,707 
 
 Patients treated in hospital (White and Indian) 388 
 
 Office visits .1,681 
 
 Home visits . 248 
 
 Child Clinics held 49 
 
 Babies in attendance at clinics . 91 
 
 16 — 
 
St. George’s Hospital, Alert Bay, B.C. Beside it is the beautiful 
 Chapel—a gift from Mrs. Patterson Hall, upon her retirement as 
 President of the W.A. 
 
 As will be seen by the above figures, a con¬ 
 siderable amount of hospital work is done. 
 The majority of the cases treated are for acci¬ 
 dents in the woods. There is also a large 
 amount of maternity work, par¬ 
 ticularly at the hospital at Alert 
 Bay; in fact, the work carried on 
 by these three hospitals is very 
 similar to the work in most hos¬ 
 pitals throughout the land. 
 
 The cost of operating these hos¬ 
 pitals and the hospital boat runs 
 between $45,000 and $55,000 per 
 annum, the funds for this purpose 
 coming from the Dominion Gov¬ 
 ernment, Indian Department, the 
 B.C. Provincial Government, the 
 Vancouver Welfare Federation, 
 
 Patients’ Fees and donations. A 
 considerable amount of the work is 
 done for people who are struggling along to 
 barely make ends meet, consequently there 
 has been work done during the past five years 
 for which we have not received payment 
 amounting to over $18,000. 
 
 The W.A. is certainly a God¬ 
 send to our hospitals, having been 
 responsible for a great deal of the 
 equipment, and also for the up¬ 
 keep of the linen supplies. 
 
 It is rather interesting to note 
 that at St. George’s Hospital baby 
 clinics are held. These were 
 started primarily for the Indian 
 mothers five years ago, and have 
 already proved its worth to those 
 women who have been attending 
 these clinics and who are now 
 taking a greater interest in the 
 proper care and upbringing of 
 their offspring. 
 
 Of course, the key-note of the 
 whole situation is the wonderful 
 
 work being carried out by the hos¬ 
 pital ship “Columbia”, the doctor of 
 which takes a personal interest in all 
 the people in the territory. 
 
 As the following figures show, she 
 has been particularly busy during 
 the past year, 1935, at the “beck and 
 call” of all who require her, in calm 
 or storm, night or day, and in wire¬ 
 less communication with Alert Bay 
 and Cape Lazo, she is ever patrolling 
 the territory. She is equipped with 
 a fine dispensary, two pullman berths 
 for cases, instruments and drugs. 
 
 Not only is the “Columbia” busy 
 with her medical work, but she is 
 kept very busy indeed, issuing cloth¬ 
 ing and food to the needy, operating a cir¬ 
 culating library, holding religious services— 
 in other words, acting as a community centre 
 for the lonely settlements. 
 
 M.S. “Columbia” 1935 Facts 
 
 Total miles travelled . 17,284 
 
 Total miles covered in connection with emer¬ 
 gency calls . 4,240 
 
 Visits to doctor on board . 636 
 
 Visits by doctor to houses . 547 
 
 The patient is often treated on shore by the mission doctor or received 
 for special treatment in the hospital on board, but other cases must 
 be taken aboard by stretcher and hurried off to the nearest hospital. 
 
 “Columbia” on duty — “Coming!”. The wireless telephone enables 
 messages to reach the mission boat from the hospitals at stated hours, 
 as she travels her course, thus securing her immediate aid. The call 
 comes out of the air, over the cliffs of the nigged shore line, with its 
 effective message. 
 
 — 17 — 
 
St. Mary’s Hospital, Garden Bay 
 
 This hospital was built in 1930 and 
 caters to numerous settlements of 
 fishermen and loggers. It is fully 
 equipped with operating room, 
 private wards, X-Ray machines and 
 has its own power plant for light and 
 water. 
 
 Again, let me say that the help we 
 get from the W.A. in supplying lay¬ 
 ettes, relief clothing, books and 
 magazines is very deeply appreci¬ 
 ated by the people whom we have 
 the privilege of serving. 
 
 Staff 
 
 Dr. T. A. Lane-Connold 1 Orderly 
 
 2 Nurses 1 Cook 
 
 Number of Beds—12 
 
 Summary of Work for Year 1935 
 
 Hospital days .1,330 
 
 Patients treated in hospital . 126 
 
 Office visits . 439 
 
 Home visits 650 
 
 “Rendezvous”—the Mission Ship of the southern portion 
 of the Coast. 
 
 St. Mary’s Hospital, Garden Bay (Pender Harbour) 
 on its Opening Day. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 Her skipper, 
 Rev. Alan Greene. 
 
 Mission Ship “The John Antle”, a gift of friends in England, 
 was sailed across the Atlantic to Vancouver via Panama by 
 her dauntless namesake in 1934. 
 
 — 18 
 
 Chapel on “Columbia”. Church services, Sunday Schools, 
 baptisms, marriages, and some funerals are often held 
 here. 
 
NEW HOSPITAL AT MOOSE FACTORY, ON JAMES BAY 
 
 In the Diocese of Moosonee 
 
 T HIS hospital is at present in the course 
 of erection by M.S.C.C. on the island up¬ 
 on which is situated this historic mission 
 of our Church, in the Diocese of Moosonee. 
 
 Here John Horden laboured for twenty 
 years, teaching in the Mission School, and 
 translating the Scriptures into Cree for his 
 Indians and here Bishop Machray chose 
 Horden to be the first Bishop of that great 
 territory towards the east and south shores of 
 Hudson Bay, now the Diocese of Moosonee. 
 
 Here Dr. Peck, the great Arctic missionary, 
 first laboured and was ordained. 
 
 Here Thomas Vincent ministered to the 
 Indians and translated The Pilgrim’s Progress 
 into Cree. 
 
 Here, in Bishop Horden’s Training School, 
 
 Alexander MacKay studied, and catching the 
 missionary spirit of the great Bishop, trans¬ 
 lated the whole Bible into Cree. 
 
 The importance of the work this mission 
 has to do, will be realized when the position 
 of James Bay is borne in mind. For the 
 waters of the ocean are here, and Ontario 
 here becomes a maritime province, where 
 railways and ships will meet and motor roads 
 will bring many visitors to the salt water, 
 where not long ago Indians alone made their 
 homes. 
 
 The desire to build a hospital in this area 
 has long been in the minds of members of our 
 Church, but its site not decided upon. 
 
 To provide, however, for the immediate 
 needs of sick Indians in the area, a cottage 
 hospital is being built now which may in time 
 become the nucleus tor a larger insti¬ 
 tution. It will also be available if 
 needed for any cases of illness in the 
 Indian Residential School which has 
 no infirmary. 
 
 This hospital will provide accom¬ 
 modation for 12 beds with an initial 
 equipment of eight beds. 
 
 A “Service Room” will be equipped 
 for minor operations and an adequate 
 staff will be maintained. 
 
 St. Thomas’ Indian Residential School, Moose Factory, where 
 there are at present thirty-eight pupils. 
 
 & Gel 
 
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