ivei 'S^Lak Jb ilty ,J y Lake f^ERRITOHi Es ^.NADA J?ORTH V EST ;BEAVERj Lake Shewing the Lines Land Grant cSFrjl la C orn loiip-. Lake NOTE Auffalo ie Company's Lands in part consist of the odd numbered Sections in . the 'Townships coloured . Green. ‘am pine Lake ^’Ofs/ca \oor I# BEAR «/P«OTP>i Gf -^p,» v INDIAN mnivecu cvpr GRETHAVo nTA' n % turtle Winnipeg, 1st, Jan. 1890 Land Commissioner. Hamilton Inlet n chutascly L. Ft.Saskatcl Sandwich. Huy & TroufLake Moose Bed D'eerL. £ ALBERT St.Anne Sj/Albert Nitcheguon L. Canicasnica Me ■ j° Jasper Ho. ’Jasper L. Corne Edmonton Thunder L. &. PoviayR^mU. jPTULPost Cedar c kwa{,j L.Talchclkin Beaver L. Pigeon L. Thracla L. Woenish Wapicopa ^’ ' Wceuish Hguan I" v /Puckhoen / T i j,RI’ 4 |j« 0 YA|_ Buchinico KRedberry, Meshickemau L. (RODERICK Quesnefle ManitoufL. ,H%.Post \DeerL. ■V Lon 9 L • • Eagle L. /^Albany Ho. •t'h Sash 0, 12 Jo Batoche * ./Saskatchewan C°. . oHun Saskatoot). j H.B.Post Cat Lake i Water Ben' lort^Albany: Goosr L. Cj[ Elbow Rocky Mountain House .—y Sounding £. k Tramping R ■lyy Tatlayaco h CjV ^ CHARI tfjbitR- Narrows Fishing L. aEabimet est Little Quill L. livers Inlet Minlminiska Manlcouagan 'St.Martins Smiths Inlet . Chllco L. Touchwood Ruperts Moose Factory Gloucester /Ho. Ruperts Ho. Dauphin Lake' Lake Mistassini Chepy~R- Asturagamicoch L 'Makokebatan L. ttle Notta. ^'Saltcoats i-oke"St. Joseph ‘^7-Pickoocqgan (Lake Sapdii 'Bute Inlet XilloetJ Kagenagym 0 (j° L. J A Summit L. ^ct Anderson L. Mesakamy fingan QudtsiiiikSdt Vermillion L. Iedonda Old Wives Lakes Bspimiscoch L. ktuytmitoLgr. ISLAND OF^^; \anticosti 1 *C^«iaul I'red A. Lake PYPREi °odp(/ukor=^. Ft.Walsh' Q" Se p f F^Birds Hili^a rSt.Norbert p Niverville o Otterburn -dominion City ^^n^SOJly^.v..xy? L.Pipmuakon L.Pamouscac/iiou, Wubiyoon' •y^ximo yotfij’yr-m- VANCOUVER: L.AJSITTISI )L.Kabinaghgaming L.Onachiway . .no"*? St.Norbert Gt.Gjmder L. [gotawekami L. it. 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Ay |BOVTPEmER JJO.N’n^- .tee L Cadillac .uneii hurgj A PIEKHE \ Madi/o i Pipet^loi r^oSiiani'/'- \ *K /LudimJ 1 '; jspf. ’•f)% : 4 1 )j 1 1 I 1 ' .AiVkogan i 1 /;/ >K\\vyJt\ c ilWAUKE EJE— , 1 Grand InV^n Kara /^Cainbria'i Mankato Neeuabj Camas f Market Lab [Jacksons fistersj Scottsburg ^Washakie sL ylb'h&rdle' nkir Drewsey Uarnejj Varinoutlv! illwSS! id North Creek, .quare L.Gdori Caldwell Saratoga\ , S p rs. y. /rosseL \ Elrov\ PoriageJ Baraboo' Drains Horae Capers a CORD Ferry oTikura Fremont} Pk] Black foot [t.Thielsen [muictsburg AI.U>IS«.\ Pocatello V Me Cain ’Mwnier Lak< Prarie du CUggb /\.Oclwc^ .3^— SW4terloo v ^i' { V» Dubuque cA'iuton ^aukeshi?r VJaucsviliy Tt.Klamath [Bruncau \ Valley springs irove fereentteldjl \ y kfleld1iJL|| IA ’/•per Klamath ' PLi'ukfllle L k^rKlamath Rhett L. ^H'F£A 'd feT ' € r.-'- -Atyj -S^ABOSTbfcc; Marshalltown ?Bordej /Chugwa ■Dnnniug Manilla Mountain City > o Columbia Kelton Hornbrook JgiiK^l. CliindjF^;-V Cj'W \ -^Davenport » --MenjltSt Qkock) Island^--— DES MOLXES Toledo Aurora - P^’btfccpsie ./ I Kevy^Haven Joliet [ usual ii ’Pit'dmont vauston Tuscarora C1IEYEXNE ^ Council BlufFs \ c Creston^Lc foosa Slater ' v ' GrevuviUc (X Foungstovrn \\ D< ^ E N /n # t^sAl&ny City t ,yj l ~~ --^SLJohnstown^/^'' //:^p/ttsburg , ^^BgttmV ConneUsvillc ndvi! 9 ^L___Chamb. HAUKISBUKG Tleadint ITehru 'Mt. Vernon dawarc’ P.f ,'6ranch" MDcc^p/Grove; r/SNa>i.k-paik- _ '-'C'^TTr j Cam bridge ^ViugflcldVCOLl'JIBISl/Zancsville *1 ^°5^n— __ ^\ ,cw Lcx, “P iod oG^ jchillicothe\ \ W 4L^Marietta\ jfy SPKI.YGFIELD D ' / Trenton y [Indian Village o Tintic Leamington/- I.a Phlu Macon PHILADELPHIA iwiLMis GjowfiMr' 'Carnden Trulto I. Q u i ij Cyi Hannibal] er^Pumboldt d olvaugl ^Carson Sink \) Norton Deer Trail Ho rtonX^-A-^ c RapT j Leavenwo/th Newcastle and its connections K.rla»dj William: ^Rumse; Colby muisia" yli-5 k dT? ■-■ , Hamilton CINCINNATI 'Grand Jc: '^ffinghara^ "N .Virnon Fomerby . '.XAfr sr A' [ENGTON .PortsmouJ Montrose Centralia ,b \0 Sheridan Lake Gunnison MATTHEWS, NORTHROP A CO., BUFFALO e, and so made that they can be joined into a berth ready for the spreading of a ma tress and bedclothes. Every passenger has a single berth and a ticket 13 furnished for it EXACTLY the SAME as in FIRST CLASS SLEEPER. Over each pair of scats a broad upper berth, hinged against the wall of the car, can he let down and form an addi ional sleeping place. No Extra Charge is made for these Sleeping Accommodations; they are a part of the Regular Car. Second Class Passengers, however, must provide their own bedding. If they do not brinv it with them, a complete outfit of mattress, pillow, blanket and curtains may he bought ot the Agent of the Company at the point of starting at a cost of $2.50. (These articles become the property of the purchaser). The curtains may be hung around the berth, turning it into a little private room. SMOKING IS NOT PERMITTED in any part of this car. __ For further information apply to D. McMCOLL. ROBERT KERR, Gen'l. Freight & Pass. Agent, Winnipeg. W. R. CALLAWAY, District Passenger Agent, Toronto. L, A. HAMILTON, Land Commissioner, Winnipeg General Passenger Agent, Montreal. W. F. EGG, District Passenger Agent, Montreal. L. 0. ARMSTRONG, Colonization Agent, Montreal. 23 A CANADIAN NORTH-WEST FARMSTEAD. E RESULT OF SIX YEARS’ THE FAT HERDS UPON A THOUSAND ACRES, ROLLING LANDS, HILLS, WOODLANDS, LAKES and RIVERS. HRIVE UPON THE RICH NATURAL GRASSES, As does their owner, on the profits they afford. __ xi — - NOT ALL LEVEL PRAIRIE! PLENTY OF VARIETY ! ! and shelter are everywhere abundant. Professor Macoun in his ex¬ ploration of these hills found that the grasses of the Plateau were of the real pasturage species and produced abundance of leaves and were so tall that for miles at a time he had great difficulty in forcing his way through them. Although their seeds were all ripe August 14th, then- leaves were quite green. In all the valleys and on the rich soil of the higher grounds the grass was tall enough for hay. No better summer pasture is to be found in all the wide North-West than exists on these hills, as the grass is always green, water of the best quality always abundant, and shelter from the autumnal and winter storms always at hand. RANGE CATTLE. A rough estimate places the number of cattle in this District at 20,000. The fall round up of the Maple Creek Association showed 12,000 head in that section. The profits to the stockmen are large as can he readily imagined when it is shown that $12.00 per head was paid for steers on the ranges this year, animals that cost their owners only the interest on the original investment incurred in stocking the rauche, and their share in the cost of the annual round ups. Yearlings are now being sent into this country all the way from Ontario,to fatten on the nutritious grasses of these Western plains, and it is reckoned that after paying cost of calf and freight for 2,000 miles the profit will bo greater than if these cattle had bceii fattened by stall feeding in Ontario. Everything seems to point towards this being the future fattening ground for cattle intended for European markets. ALBERTA. The Provisional District of Alberta, the great ranching, dairy farming and mineral country of the Canadian North-West, embraces an area larger than that of England and Wales together. Lying on the eastern slope of the liocky Mountains and bounded on the north by the Pro¬ visional District of Athabasca, lat. 55.7, on the south by the Inter¬ national boundary line, on the east by the Provisional District of Assiniboia, and on the west by the summit of the Rocky Mountains, until it intersects the 120th degree of longitude, then due north to lat. 05.7, the eastern bound ry of the Province of British Columbia, a length of some 300 miles from east to west, and 500 from noith to south, it includes in its 107,700 square miles, every variety of forest and stream land, grazing and agricultural land, mineral and oil dis¬ tricts. In it arc comprised 45 millions of acres of the most fertile soil on the continent, and some of America’s best deposits of coal and metals. Although but yet in its infant years, the fame of Alberta has ex¬ tended to the remote parts of the world, and travellers, tourists and health seekers from many lands have come to enjoy the magnificence of its scenery, to inhale its health-giving mountain air, and bat lie in the healing waters of its mineral springs ; and many who come but for a brief stay are enticed by the attractions of its many and varied charms, as well as the bright prospects of health and success to make homes for themselves beneath the shadow of the ever beautiful, majestic, awe¬ inspiring Rookies. Bright, happy homes they should he in this land of sunshine and fertile abundance. GENERAL FEATURES. Alberta may he described as having three distinct surface features, viz : prairie lands on the east, which are thickly timbered in the nor¬ thern part of the province ; then come the rolliiig lands or foot hills, extending some 40 miles from the base of the mountains, mostly heavily timbered, and lastly the majestic mountains, the great backbone of this continent, walling its western boundary. Viewing it from north to south, from east to west, what can we say in truth but that it is a wondrous laud, beautiful in the extreme, possessing all the features that delight the eye and fit it for the home of man. CAPABILITIES. That part of the District of Alberta, already proven to be well suited for general farming by the methods followed in the old Provinces of the Doiniuion of Canada, as well as in the United States, extends from the American Line on the south for 400 miles north, and from the foot of the Rocky Mountains for 200 miles eastward. The southern half of this area is well adapted for raising horses, cattle and sheep, and fattening them without other food than the rich bunch or hulfalo grass which grows everywhere spontaneously, and which cures itself on the stem, retaining its nutritious properties all the year round, without cutting or covering, excepting that it may be covered by the light falls of snow during the winter months, which covering rather improves it than otherwise, and is very seldom deep enough to prevent the animals eating it off the ground. During the last five years many thousand cattle, sheep and horses, have been raised in the southern half of Alberta on the rich grass with, out any feeding or shelter other than the shelter found along the hill sides or in clumps of trees. The cattle and sheep when taken off the E asturc are fut and fit for any butcher’s shop in the world, and the orsos are rolling fat. While the south is so well adapted for cattle ranching, it is also an excellent country for mixed farming. But tire northern country is not so well adapted for raising live stock altogether out of doors, there being more snow and cold ; it is however, equally good, if not better, than the south in most respects for general farming. It is eminently suited for mixed farming, and as a butter and cheese producing district, should win for itself an enviable name. ALBERTA. THE NORTHERN PART. A resident of the District writes, that “the northern part may be described in general terms as rolling prairie, dotted over with bluffs of spruce and poplar, interspersed with lakes and meadows, and intersected with numeious small creeks, giving the whole a particularly park-like appearance, which, in point of natural scenery, is beyond the possibility of exaggeration. I have seen the most beautiful spots of five of the eastern provinces, and of several of the states across our southern border but I have never seen any section of country which in its natural state could compare with this. Indeed it is almost impossible for a stranger looking off some commanding butte, to realize that the delightful prospect all around him is “in condition primeval.” It would not seem difficult to persuade some Rip Van Winkle awakening suddenly among such surroundings that the buildings and fences had been myste¬ riously removed, and that those beautiful bluffs in the distant land¬ scape were the orchards and ornamental trees among which stately residences had once rested, and that those smooth symmetrical slopes were the fruitful fields of a departed race of agricultural princes.” CATTLE RAISING. To-day Alberta stands peerless among the cattle countries of the world ; and the unknown land of a few years ago is now looked to as one of the greatest future supply depots of the British markets. Although cattle had been introduced into Alberta a number of years back, it was not until 1881 that the foundation of the present great industry was laid. There are now on the ranges of Alberta over 120,000 head of cattle which at any season are neither fed nor sheltered ; cattle, too, which in point of breeding, size and general condition, are equal, if u 0 t suiic- rior, to any range cattle in tbe world ; for the Alberta rancher, injudi¬ cious as lie may be in many points of management, is deserving of the greatest credit for the high grade which the range cattle have reached. Shorthorns, Hereford and Angus bulls have been imported at great expense ; hut the interest on the outlay lias indeed been both satis, factory and encouraging, and the young cattle of the Alberta ranges would compare favorably with the barnyard cattle of Great Britain With a local market which annually consumes from eighteen to twenty thousand beeves, and the demand ever increasing; with tile great market of the world within easy access, with our natural advantages enticing the most experienced cattlemen from the American Territories and British Columbia to invest in the business here, who can say w hat will be the future of this industry which has grown with such gigantic strides in seven years. To the capitalists and the farmer who intend engaging in the cattle business the writer would say : examine well into the resources and attractions of any other country in which you may be inclined to make a home ; compare the advantages it offers with these offered by Alberta and having done so, there is little doubt but that you will make a happy and prosperous home for yourself under the shadow of the Rocky Mountains, and assist in stocking the fertile valleys of fair Alberta y _ 8 _ [From Photograph.1 SHEEP RAISING. Alberta to-day offers what the Australian colonies had to offer thirty years ago: millions of acres of rich grass lands, well watered and adapted in every respect for growing first-class mutton and fine wool; in a land blessed with a climate of sufficient heat and sunshine during two-thirds of the year to keep the yolk in active circulation, thereby insuring a fine fibred wool ; with mild winters and early springs, where cold rains and dust storms, so injurious to the fleeces, are almost un¬ known ; offers inducements, too, which Australia never could offer, a railway running through the centre of the grazing lands and markets for mutton and wool within easy reach. The clear, dry bracing air of the country suits sheep, which suffer from little or no disease. Sheep mature early, owing to the fine quality of the grass. To winter them safely, good, warm roomy sheds, plenty of hay (10 tons to the 100 head) and careful looking after is all that is wanted. Throughout the greater part of the winter, sheep only require one feed a day, the rest of the day they are let out to graze, and brought home into sheds at night. ALBERTA. DAIRY FARMING. The leading features that mark out this section of Canada, as the country par excellence, for the manufacture of cheese and butter, are: 1st. The rich natural grasses on which the cows can graze the whole year round, doing away with the necessity of artificial feeding. 2nd.— The entire absence of highly flavored noxious weeds, the consumption of which taints the product of the dairy. 3rd.—The summer temper¬ ature cooled by the mountain breezes, with the spariding springs of cold mountain water with which the country abounds. Possessing all these natural advantages, it cannot he wondered at that those who have embarked in this business, have been eminently successful; and that the claims urged for Alberta, that she will be able to outstrip all competitors in the cheap production of the highest grades of dairy products are well founded. HORSE RAISING. As a horse breeding country, Alberta bids fair to be to Canada what Kentucky is to the United States. A country where the horse attains the very height of perfection. Its northern location, its high altitude, its invigorating and dry atmosphere, mild winters, with lux. uriant grasses and plentiful supply of purest water, are all conducive to the growth and development of the noble animal; and although the industry is still very young, the Alberta horse has become noted for endurance, lung power, and freedom from hereditary or other diseases. There are at present in Alberta over 20,000 head of homes, varying in point of quality from the lmrdy. (Cayuse) Indian Pony, to the beauti¬ ful, well formed thoroughbred. Thoroughbreds from Great Britain and Kentucky, Clydesdales from Scotland, Purcherona from France, and trotting stock from the United States, have been imported at great expense, and the result is that the young houses of Alberta will com¬ pare with any in Canada. • As an investment, horse ranching in Alberta offers bright induce¬ ments, and the farmer or capitalist coining to this country and wishing to engage in this business, will find millions of acres of unoccupied meadow lands, possessing every attraction and advantage, from which to choose a location ; will find, too, a country where the cost of raising horses is surprisingly low. MINERALS. That Alberta possesses untold wealth in her immense mineral de- posits, is no longer a matter of speculation. For years past gold i n paying quantities has been found on the hanks and bare of the North Saskatchewan River. The discoveries made last fall in the vicinity of Prairie Creek are full of importance, and the locality will no doubt ere long be the scene of much mining activity. Gold colours are found in almost every stream and river in Alberta, and as the country is thor. -Highly prospected, there is every reason to suppose that rich finds will oe discovered. Large veins of galena have been located which are pro- nouuced by experts to contain a large percentage of silver. Capital ROOM TO GROW! ALWAYS MORE FAT ACRES THE SUCCESSFUL SETTLER TO ADO TO HIS FIRST CLAIM IN THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. 13 , V : < 4 / j f alone is wanting to make them treasuries of wealth to the country. Copper ore in enormous quantities has also been found, said to contain 60 percent, of pure copper. Iron ore has been discovered in various parts of Alberta. A forty-foot seam of hematite iron said to contain 67 per cent, of iron, exists at the base of Storm Mountain, quite close to the Canadian Pacific Railway line, and other large seams are known to exist in the Macleod District in the vicinity of Crow’s Nest Pass. As to the quantity of the coal deposits of Alberta, it is impossible to form any estimate. The coal mines already discovered are of suffi¬ cient extent to supply Canada with fuel for all time. At Lethbridge, one and a half million dollars have been already expended in develop¬ ing the coal mines of one company. At Anthracite, over one hundred thousand dollars have been expended in*opening up the hard coal de¬ posits of that vicinity. Hard coal has recently been discovered at Edmonton, semi-anthracite at Rosebud, anthracite near Canmore, and vast deposits in Crow’s Nest Pass in the southern district. Soft coal is so plentiful that the certainty of a cheap fuel supply is assured to Albertans for all time. There is hardly a township in this vast country but has a deposit of coal. The great mineral industries are still in their infancy. Immense fortunes are hidden in the earth awaiting the hand of prospector and capitalist, and rich will be the reward of those who take the first advantages of the privileges now open to all. ALBERTA. CLIMATE. There is no place on this western hemisphere that enjoys more brighl sunlight, during the year round, than Alberta, and it enjoys at least fifty per cent, more than the average. THE SPRING is the most trying ; not because it is particu¬ larly wet or severe, or long, but because with a mild winter, one expects to see a correspondingly early spring. In Alberta one is usually disap¬ pointed on that score, because the spring there is very rarely any earliei than in Manitoba or Ontario. The winter is shortened mostly by its often being nearly New Year before there is any winter weather t( speak of. the summer once entered upon, the weather is superb ; between the days of bright, life-producing sunshine, copious warn showers fall bathing the rich soil like a hotbed, and forcing vegetation forward in rapid and rank profusion. THE AUTUMN WEATHER of Alberta is perfect, iowaids the end of September the air gets chilly at night, with frost enough to make the roads crisp in the morning; the sun rises u matchless splendour, the blue vault of Heaven is unmarked with even e shadow of a cloud, the atmosphere clear and light, bright and in¬ vigorating, thrillingevery pulsation of feeling, sharpening the intellect, and infusing ruddy energy into every part of the body. No one can do justice with the pen to the splendour of this weather, Jr7 day, week after week, sometimes clear up to Christmas-tide, this kill weather remains unbroken, warm, joyous, delicious. WHEN WINTER sets in, the siege is usually sharp, she ana decisive. There are bright, keen days, with low readings of tli thermometer, alternating with days of great warmth. Considering th latitude and altitude, the thermometer may be several degree. e ow zero in the forenoon, and in the afternoon a south wind (Cluiioo J may spring up, and in a few hours the temperature will he 40 or a degrees above zero, and for days, often weeks, in the winter season, Albertans enjoy summer weather, consequent oil these south-west waim winds. Usually cold weather sets in about the first of January, and continues with intervals of Chinook weather, until the beginning 01 ■March, when the real cold weather is past. After that time cold snaps, generally of but a few days’ duration, often occur. . 1 he following points in favour of Alberta should be considered oy sett ere looking for locations :— 9^1 rr?^ lless °f the natural grasses. ' *" e Natural beauties of the country. .!.• “bundant supply of water and fuel. «n. Cheapness of lands, whether acquired by purchase or lease. bin. Superb climate. t • Special advantages for raising cattle, sheep, and horses. - 14 - WHAT CAN BE DONE ! The First Year in Manitoba. A practical farmer of some years residence in Manitoba makes the following statement: — Land can ho purchased cheaply here, or it can be had for nothing, by homesteading. This enables farmers with small capital to commence farming. It is all plain sailing; no stumps or stones to take out; all level prairie land ready for the plough. A farmer can begin on a small capital. A single man can start on an outlay of $385, made up as follows: —1 yoke of oxen and harness, $115 ; plow, harrow, etc., $10 ; stove and furniture, $40 ; bedding, etc., $20 ; lumber, doors, windows, etc., for log shanty, $50 ; provisions, $90 ; seed, $30. A farmer with a family of five, would have to lay out $240 more, bringing his outlay up to $625. A farmer can come in about the middle of March, select his land and build his shanty ; he can commence to plough about the 5th of April; he can break 10 acres and put it under crop on the sod ; he can continue breaking for two months after he puts the 10 acres under crop, and can easily break thirty acres, and backset the 40 acres in the fall, ready for crop in the spring. He can raise enough on the ten acres to give him a start; lie can cut hay enough for his oxen and a cow in July, and it will cost liim about $60 additional to seed the forty acres in the spring. Suppose he puts in 30 acres of wheat, and raises 25 bushels to the acre, at 80 cents per bushel, it will be worth $600 ; say 5 acres of oats at 40 bushels per acre, at 35 cents per bushel, $70; say 1 acre of potatoes, 200 bushels, at 40 cents, $30 ; 3 acres of barley, 40 bushels per acre, worth 40 cents, $48 ; and 1 acre of garden stuff at $1.20; total, $918. After deducting expenses of harvesting and the whole original outlay, the farmer will still have something to the good to start with next year. Young farmers should take a note of this, and secure land in this country before it is all taken up. WHAT CAN BE DONE! Butter Making in Alberta. A practical man in Alberta, makes the following statement about Butter making in Alberta :— A settler arrives here having means to put up a small house on his 160-acre homestead, and hits also means to get a span of horses, a plough and harrow, with enough of seed,to plant a lew acres, lhen, if he has a wife, and $100 left, let him buy two cows ; if more money still, more cows — say five cows the first year, From these he will be able to make five pounds of butter daily during five mouths, worth in our market 25 cents a pound (Is.) This will support himself and wile. The milk will also feed three calves and a couple of pigs. Now, lfc must be remembered that the care of these need not prevent him from cultivating a good garden and attending to a goodly number of acres of crops besides. And it must be also remembered, in connection with all this, that no matter how favorablo the season may be, the garden and the cultivated acres may prove a failure, but neither hail-stonn nor frost affect the returns from properly attended milch cows.. Of course, the above applies to individual beginnings of an industry that will unavoidably merge into a co-operative daily farming, when the creamery will be established in tbe centre of the township, where the individual or company will gather the cream from the surrounding farmers, and employ a practical and trained butter-maker, who will produce from the uuiform and unequalled cream of Alberta, the gilt- edged creameiy butter of commerce, unsurpassed, if equalled, by any in the world. 15