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 Title: Notes on noses 
 
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 Author: Warwick, Eden 
 
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NOTES ON NOSES. 
 
 BY 
 
 EDEN WARWICK. 
 
 “ ‘ Mayhap there is more meant than is said in it,’ quoth my father. 
 ‘ Learned men, brother Toby, don’t write dialogues upon Long Noses for 
 nothing.’ ” — Tkistram Shandy. 
 
 NEW EDITION. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 RICHARD BENTLEY, NEW BURLINGTON STREET. 
 
 1864. 
 
LONDON 
 
 PRINTED BY BPOTTIB W<OODE AND CO. 
 NEW-STREET SQUARE 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 With regard to a Preface to his Book, an Author 
 has to contend with three great, but unequal, diffi- 
 culties. The first and greatest, is to persuade his 
 Publisher to issue it without a Preface; the next, 
 is to write one himself ; and the third and least, is 
 to get some one to write it for him. Now there is a 
 wise old saw which says, “ Of divers evils choose the 
 least;” and as the learned Slawkenbergius (so says 
 Tristram Shandy) has prefaced his folio on Noses 
 with a clause which exactly explains our own quali- 
 fications and reasons for writing on the same im- 
 portant subject, we invoke him to relieve us of the 
 third difficulty : “ ‘ ever since I understood/ quoth 
 Slawkenbergius, ‘anything — or rather what was what , 
 — and could perceive that the point of Long Noses 
 had been too loosely handled by all who had gone 
 before — have I, Slawkenbergius, felt a strong im- 
 pulse, with a mighty and irresistible call within me, 
 to gird up myself to this undertaking / 11 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Now this is exactly our own case, and must, 
 therefore, suffice for our Preface; nevertheless, we 
 cannot flatter ourselves that our brief hints will be 
 eulogized, like the gigantic folio of Hafen Slawken- 
 bergius, as “ an institute of all that is necessary to 
 be known of Noses.-” It professes to be nothing 
 more than an introduction to the subject of Nasology; 
 written originally for the use of friends, and after- 
 wards extended for publication. This will account 
 for some discrepancies which may be perceptible in 
 the style — discrepancies which it was thought best 
 not to remove, as the additions were on subjects of 
 a more grave and important character than the 
 original sketch; and, therefore, the diversities of 
 style appeared to be rather consistent and advan- 
 tageous. 
 
 May 26 , 1848 . 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Preface 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Of the Classification of Noses 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Of the Roman Nose . 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Of the Greek Nose . 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Of the Cogitative Nose . . * 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 How to get a Cogitative Nose 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Of the Jewish Nose 
 
 a 
 
VI 
 
 CONTENTS, 
 
 CHAPTER VIL 
 
 Of the Snub Hose and the Celestlal Hose 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Of Feminine Hoses . 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Of Hational Hoses 
 
 PABK 
 
 ' 97 
 
 . 107 
 
 . 120 
 
NOTES ON NOSES 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOSES. 
 
 It has not been hastily, nor until after long and careful 
 observation, that the theory propounded in the following 
 pages has been published ; a theory which, at first sight, 
 may appear to some wild and absurd, to others simply ridi- 
 culous, to others wicked and heretical,* and to others 
 fraught with social mischief and danger. 
 
 Nevertheless, we shall not begin by deprecating the ridi- 
 cule or the censure of any one. The only vindication 
 which an author is entitled to offer, is that which his works 
 themselves present. If his cause be a good one, it requires 
 no apology; if it be a bad one, to vindicate it is either use- 
 less or baneful; useless, if it blind no one to his errors; 
 baneful, if it induce any one blindly to receive’ his brass 
 for sterling gold. 
 
 The only circumstance which can attach any value to 
 our observations is, that they are entirely original, and 
 wholly unbiassed by the theories of any other writers on. 
 physiognomy. When we commenced observing Noses, we 
 just knew that some few forms of the Nose had names 
 
 * It would be rather amusing, if it were not a melancholy sign of 
 human perverseness, to sum up all the hypotheses which have been 
 at their first promulgation pronounced impious and heretical. The 
 denial of the approaching End of the World in any century after 
 Christ; the Copemican System; Inoculation and Vaccination for the 
 Small-pox; the change of the Style of the year; Pecuniary Usu- 
 fruct; Geology; Phrenology; Railways; Aerostation; the Census; 
 Mesmerism, &c. &c., would be included in the list of either existing 
 or defunct heresies. 
 
 B 
 
2 
 
 OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOSES. 
 
 given them, as the Roman, the Greek, &c. ; but we regarded 
 these as mere artistic definitions of form, and were wholly 
 ignoranc what mental characteristics had been ascribed to 
 them. So far as this nomenclature went, it appeared best 
 to adopt it, as affording well-known designations of Nasal 
 profiles ; and our investigations were, therefore, com- 
 menced by endeavouring to discover whether these from 
 of Nose characterised any, and what, mental properties. 
 In order to do this with accuracy, it was absolutely neces- 
 sary still to keep the mind unacquainted with the system 
 of any other writers, if such there were, lest it should un- 
 consciously imbibe preconceptions and hints which would 
 render its independent researches open to the suspicion 
 of bias. We felt that if the characteristics attributed by 
 us to Noses, after long and extensive observation, corre- 
 sponded with those of any other writer, a powerful corro- 
 boration of our views would thus be gained. 
 
 It may happen, therefore (and it is hoped it will be so) 
 that we may sometimes appear to have plagiarised from 
 other physiognomists, and to have adopted their views ; 
 but this correspondence must, nevertheless, be accepted as 
 a further proof of the accuracy of their and our honest inde- 
 pendent labours. 
 
 It was impossible, however, amidst much multifarious 
 reading, to keep the mind, latterly, wholly ignorant that 
 some mental characteristics had been ascribed to Noses ; 
 but into the nature of these we never inquired, nor are we 
 aware that anything has been done, beyond throwing out 
 a few unconnected, unattested hints, towards a systematic 
 deduction of mental qualifications from Nasal formation. 
 
 If it is improper to vindicate one’s self, it might not 
 seem altogether unfitting to vindicate one’s subject from 
 ridicule ; and it might appear prudent, if not altogether 
 necessary, to commence by vindicating the Nose from the 
 charge of being too ridiculous an organ to be seriously dis- 
 coursed upon. But this ridiculousness is mere prejudice; 
 intrinsically one part of the face is as worthy as another, 
 and we may feel assured that He who gave the os sublime 
 to man, did not place, as its foremost and most prominent 
 feature, a ridiculous appendage. 
 
OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOSES. 
 
 3 
 
 But this prejudice ought not to weigh with any thinking 
 mind. If it is true — as Dr. Pritchard asserts, and as 
 every ethnologist admits — that protruding jaws indicate a 
 low state of civilisation, an animal and degraded mind, is 
 it more ridiculous to assert that the flat, depressed Nose, 
 which always accompanies the prognathous jaws, is like- 
 wise an indication of a similar mind ? If it is true that 
 the oval form of head indicates a high class of mind, and 
 a capacity for the highest civilisation, is it absurd to 
 assert that the Romano-Greek Nose, which generally ac- 
 companies, and is characteristic of that form of head, is 
 likewise indicative of a similar mind ? Nasology is 
 strictly in harmony with the deductions of the ablest 
 physiognomists and ethnologists. It contradicts no laws 
 which have been established between mind and matter ; on 
 the contrary, it upholds, supports, and maintains the in- 
 vestigations of the ablest writers on anthropology, and has 
 only not been touched upon by them, because the neces- 
 sity they are under of forming many of their deductions 
 from skulls, precludes their making the soft parts of the 
 face a standard of comparison. 
 
 To come then at once to our subject. "We have a belief, 
 founded on long-continued, personal observation, that 
 there is more in a Nose than most owners of that appen- 
 dage are generally aware. We believe that, besides being 
 an ornament to the face, a breathing apparatus, or a con- 
 venient handle by which to grasp an impudent fellow, it 
 is an important index to its owner’s character ; and that 
 the accurate observation and minute comparison of an ex- 
 tensive collection of Noses of persons whose mental cha- 
 racteristics are known, justifies a Nasal Classification, and 
 a deduction of some points of mental organisation there- 
 from. It will not be contended that all the faculties and 
 properties of mind are revealed by the Nose; — for in- 
 stance, we can read nothing of Temper or the Passions 
 from it.* Perhaps it rather reveals Power aud Taste — 
 Power or Energy to carry out Ideas, and the Taste or 
 
 * We shall endeavour to speak of Mind in popular phraseology, 
 instead of in the obscure terms in which metaphysicians envelope 
 their ignorance of mental phenomena. 
 
4 
 
 OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOSES. 
 
 Inclination which dictates or guides them. As these will 
 always very much form a man’s outward character, the 
 proposition which is sought to be established is this 
 “The Nose is an important Index to Character.” 
 
 It may be prudent to observe that we utterly repudiate 
 the doctrine of the Phrenologists, that the form of the Body 
 affects the manifestations, and even properties, of the 
 Mind. 
 
 We contend that the Mind forms the Nose, and not the 
 Nose the Mind. We have carefully endeavoured to avoid 
 phraseology which should induce a supposition that we 
 entertain the latter absurdity ; but here enter this protest 
 once for all, lest a want of precision in our language, or 
 the obtuseness of critics, should cause us to be charged 
 with it. 
 
 It is in vain to require proof of a material connection 
 between the Nose and the Mind, for it is utterly impos- 
 sible to demonstrate to sense the seat of the divine par- 
 ticle. Material organs cannot apprehend immaterial 
 existence : they even fail to perceive some of the more 
 tenuous materialisms, air, light, heat, electricity, &c., 
 which are known only by their effects. It is in vain to 
 deny physiognomy — of which Nasology is only a depart- 
 ment — because we cannot understand by what processes 
 mind acts on the features ; because we cannot see any 
 material organisms which operate to contract the muscles 
 in laughter or pain, or which impel the blood to or from 
 the countenance when consciousness or fear affects the 
 mind. It is in vain to deny the blush or the pallor 
 because we know not how the pulsations of the heart and 
 the flow of blood are affected by mental impressions. It 
 is one of the strongest proofs of the immateriality of the 
 soul, that while its existence cannot be denied, it cannot be 
 anatomically demonstrated, nor rendered visible to sense. 
 The mode in which Mind acts on Matter is one of the 
 arcana of Nature, which, perhaps, human science will 
 never penetrate. It is a secret reserved for that state in 
 which the mind will act independently of material media. 
 However numerous and plausible the theories propounded 
 to explain the mystery, they all terminate like the Indian’s 
 
OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOSES. 
 
 5 
 
 world-supports, and the chain of connection breaks at the 
 last link. It is, therefore, in vain to deny physiognomy 
 because we can demonstrate no material connection 
 between the mind and the features, nor would any sane 
 objector insist on such demonstration ; yet such demon- 
 stration has been insisted on, and the absence of it adduced 
 as a fundamental objection both to physiognomy and 
 phrenology by critics at a loss for valid objections. 
 
 And here we might descant, at considerable length, and 
 with much show of learning, on the influence of the Mind 
 over the Body. "We might impugn the wisdom of those 
 who, undertaking to cure either, have forgotten that they 
 were so intimately united and mutually dependent, that 
 they could not be treated separately with success. We 
 might show that the first step of the physician towards 
 curing mental disorder, is to free the body from disease ; 
 and that of him who would cure the body, is, ofttimes, to 
 apply his remedies to the derangement of the mind. But, 
 though by so doing we might swell our pages and eke out 
 an additional chapter — an important consideration if we 
 were a mere book-maker — we shall not, as we have some 
 qualms of conscience whether it would be quite germane to 
 the matter in hand. It might not, however, be out of 
 place to remind the reader that physiognomy, or the form 
 which mind gives to the features, is universally recognised. 
 A pleasant mouth, a merry eye, a sour visage, a stern 
 aspect, are some of the common phrases by which we daily 
 acknowledge ourselves to be physiognomists ; for by these 
 expressions we mean, not that the mouth is pleasant or the 
 visage sour, but that such is the mind which shines out 
 from them. If it were the face alone which we thus in- 
 tended, we should never trouble or concern ourselves about 
 a human countenance, nor be attracted, nor repulsed by 
 one, any more than if it were a carved head on a gothic 
 waterspout, or a citizen’s door-knocker. We all acknow- 
 ledge the impression given by the mind to the mouth and 
 the eyes because they express Temper and the Passions — 
 those feelings which more immediately interest usjn our 
 mutual intercourse — and because they change with the 
 feelings ; now flashing with anger, or sparkling with plea- 
 sure, compressing with rage, or smiling with delight. 
 
6 
 
 OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOSES. 
 
 But because the Nose is uninfluenced by the feelings 
 which agitate and vary the mind, and, is, therefore, im- 
 moveable and unvaried, no one will hear the theory of 
 Nasology broached without incredulity and risibility 
 Because the Nose is subject only to those faculties of mind 
 which are permanent and unfluctuating; and is, therefore, 
 likewise permanent and unfluctuating in its form, men have 
 paid no attention to its indications, and will, accordingly, 
 abuse as an empiric and dotard the first Nasologist. But, 
 is there, a priori, any thing so unreasonable in attributing 
 mental characteristics to the Nose, when we all daily read 
 each other’s minds in the Nose’s next-door neighbours, 
 the eyes and mouth ? Is not the a priori inference entirely 
 in favour of a negative reply ? And that, a posteriori , it 
 may confidently be replied to in the negative will, it is 
 hoped, presently appear. 
 
 There is here room for another long disquisition to point 
 out the advantages of Nasology. How that the perma- 
 nency and immobility of the Nose forbid hypocrisy to 
 mould it to any artificial feelings, as the eyes and the 
 mouth may be. And how this immobility, together with 
 its prominency and incapability of being concealed, like 
 bad phrenological bumps, render it a sure guide to some 
 parts of our fellow-creatures’ mental organization. But it 
 would be premature to do this before proving somewhat of 
 the truth of Nasology ; and when that is done, no one will 
 deny that it has its uses, though it may be disputed what 
 those are. 
 
 Nevertheless, we must earnestly protest against the 
 fallacy of attempting to judge what any person is from his 
 Nose; we can only judge of natural tendency and capa- 
 city — education and external circumstances of a thousand 
 different kinds, may have swerved the mind from its 
 original tendency, or prevented the development of inhe- 
 rent faculties. It is in this unfair and uncharitable assert- 
 ing dogmatically the disposition and character, vices and 
 Virtues, of a man, that phrenologists so greatly err; whereas 
 hey ought to confine their inferences from external deve- 
 lopment of organs, to capacity and tendency only. 
 
 .The impossibility of giving such numerous pictorial 
 illustrations as the subject properly demands, will confine 
 
OP THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOSES. 
 
 7 
 
 the examples adduced to those only of which portraits are 
 well known and easily accessible. If, therefore, the proofs 
 are thought insufficient in number, it must be attributed to 
 this circumstance alone. It would have been easy to have 
 swelled them by a number of names, the right of which 
 to be included in the lists the majority of persons would 
 have been unable to verify. Nevertheless, the examples 
 will be found much more numerous and more easily veri- 
 fiable than those which have been deemed sufficient to 
 establish Phrenology as an hypothesis, if not as a science ; 
 and, had we, like the principal expounder of Phrenology,* 
 dragged in as ‘ proofs’ nameless gentlemen of our ac- 
 quaintance, we might have still further extended the lists 
 of examples. But it seemed to our humble judgment, to 
 be demanding more from the reader’s good nature than 
 would be compatible with sound criticism, to ask him to 
 accept such unsupported dicta as proofs. Of course, very 
 many of the examples by which our own mind has been 
 satisfied have been drawn from personal observation, 
 among friends and acquaintance; and not only have these 
 been the most numerous proofs, but also by far the most 
 satisfactory, as they afforded the most exact and undeniable 
 profiles, and the most noticeable meDtal characteristics. 
 The slightest incorrectness in the artist, may render 
 useless a pictorial example ; but when we are looking upon 
 the original itself, there can be no mistake. A thousand 
 minutiae of character may escape a biographer, which 
 appear plainly in the man himself. 
 
 Nevertheless, we felt so strongly how unfitting it would 
 be to offer such mere personal observations as proofs, that 
 we have carefully refrained from admitting any example 
 which is not open to the observation of almost every one. 
 
 This a drawback which we feel greatly ; it reduces our 
 instances to a hundredth part of those which might be 
 adduced ; but we must submit to it, only asking of the 
 reader’s generosity to take it into account. Another 
 favour which we beg is, that the reader will suspend his 
 judgment until the subject is concluded, and he has the 
 whole system, with all its proofs, before him. 
 
 * See Combe’s Phrenology; passim. 
 
8 
 
 OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOSES. 
 
 "We scruple not to admit, that at present the system is 
 incomplete. We rather court inquiry, and solidit addi- 
 tional facts, than peremptorily dogmatize on conclusions 
 drawn from our own limited — though extensive — number 
 of observations. But it is so much the fashion for every 
 wild theorist to dogmatize on his theory, and insist upon 
 it, per fas et nefas, as perfect, unassailable, and complete, 
 that it is almost deemed reprehensible to suggest a notion 
 for the consideration of the world, or to propound any- 
 thing which the author is modest enough to admit is 
 improvable. Such, however, was not the manner of the 
 true philosophers of former days. If Copernicus had 
 delayed propounding the system of the universe which 
 bears his name, until he could explain by it all the plane- 
 tary and sidereal motions, it might have slumbered unknown 
 for another century or two, and so we should not yet have 
 arrived at our present enlarged understanding of it. If 
 Bacon had waited for a complete Natural History, ere he 
 published his Novum Organum, we might still have been 
 groping after the Sciences with the dark lantern of 
 Aristotle and the schools. If Newton had withheld his 
 theory of Light until he could burn a diamond, our know- 
 ledge of the nature of light might still be in its infancy. 
 
 These examples must furnish an apology for submitting 
 for candid consideration and further development, a theory 
 which we believe to be well-founded, but which is capable 
 of improvement and extension. 
 
 Subject to the foregoing remarks, the following Physical 
 Classification of Noses*' is submitted, as being, in part, 
 well-known and long-established, because well-defined and 
 clearly marked : — 
 
 Class I. The Roman, or Aquiline Nose. 
 
 „ II. The Greek, or Straight Nose. 
 
 „ III. The Cogitative, or Wide-nostrilled Nose. 
 
 „ IV. The Jewish, or Hawk Nose. 
 
 „ V. The Snub Nose, and 
 
 „ VI. The Celestial, or Turn-up Nose. 
 
 * See the woodcut (after a gem in the Florentine Museum) on tbs 
 Title page. 
 
OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOSES. 
 
 9 
 
 Between these there are infinite crosses and inter- 
 mixtures which will at first embarrass the student, but 
 which, after a little practice, he will be able to distinguish 
 with tolerable precision. A compound of different Noses 
 will of course indicate a compound character; and it is 
 only in the rather rare instance of a perfect Nose of any 
 of the classes that we find a character correspondingly 
 strongly developed. We shall endeavour to support each 
 part of the hypothesis by well-defined and striking 
 instances, selecting the most decided and perfect noses of 
 each class, and at the same time the most peculiar and 
 decided characters. 
 
 Class I. The Homan, or Aquiline Nose, 
 is rather convex, hut undulating, as its name 
 aquiline imports. It is usually rugose and 
 coarse ; but when otherwise, it approaches the 
 Greek nose, and the character is materially 
 altered. 
 
 It indicates great decision, considerable 
 Energy, Firmness, Absence of Refinement, and 
 Disregard for the bienseances of life. 
 
 It 
 
 Class II. The Gkeek, or Straight Nose, is 
 perfectly straight ; any deviation from the right 
 line must be strictly noticed. If the deviation 
 tend to convexity, it approaches the Roman 
 Nose, and the character is improved by an ac- 
 cession of energy ; on the other hand, when the 
 deviation is towards concavity, it partakes of 
 the “ Celestial,” and the character is weakened. 
 It should be fine and well-chiselled, but not sharp, 
 indicates Refinement of character, Love for the fine 
 
 arts and belles-lettres , Astuteness, Craft, and a preference 
 for indirect, rather than direct action. Its owner is not 
 without some energy in pursuit of that which is agreeable 
 to his tastes; but, unlike the owner of the Roman Nose, 
 he cannot exert himself in opposition to his tastes. When 
 associated with the Roman Nose, and distended slightly 
 
OF THE CLASSIFICATION - OF NOSES. 
 
 :o 
 
 at the end by the Cogitative, it indicates the most useful 
 and intellectual of characters ; and is the highest and most 
 beautiful form which the organ can assume.* 
 
 Class III. The Cogitative, or Wide-nos- 
 trilled Nose, is, as its secondary name imports, 
 wide at the end, thick and broad ; not clubbed, 
 but gradually widening from below the bridge. 
 The other noses are seen in profile, but this in 
 full face. 
 
 It indicates a Cogitative mind, having strong 
 powers of Thought, and given to close and 
 serious Meditation. Its indications are, of 
 course, much dependent on the form of the Nose in 
 profile, which decides the turn the cogitative power will 
 take. Of course, it never occurs alone ; and is usually 
 associated with Classes I and II, rarely with IV, still 
 more seldom with V and VI. + The entire absence of 
 it produces the “ sharp” nose, which is not classified, as 
 sharpness is only a negative quality, being the defect of 
 breadth,^ and, therefore, indicates defect of cogitative 
 power. 
 
 * The Platonic theory that beauty of form generally indicates 
 beauty of mind, is finely condensed by Spenser into a single line : 
 
 “ All that is good is beautiful and fan ." 
 
 A HYMN OF HEAVENLY BEAUTY. 
 
 And again « 
 
 “ All that fair is, is by nature good ; 
 
 That is a sign to know the gentle blood/' — IBID. 
 
 Wordsworth would also appear to be a Platonist : 
 
 “For passions linked to forms so fair 
 And stately, needs must have their share 
 Of noble sentiment." — euth. 
 
 t A Nose should never be judged of in profile only ; but should be 
 examined also in front to see whether it partakes of Class III. 
 
 J Thus Phrenologists rightly urge that negative qualities require 
 no. organ. Hate is only the absence of Benevolence; dislike to 
 children, a defective Philoprogenitiveness. 
 
OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOSES. 
 
 11 
 
 Class IV. The Jewish, or Hawk Nose, is 
 very convex, and preserves its convexity like 
 a bow, throughout the whole length from, the 
 eyes to the tip. It is thin and sharp. 
 
 It indicates considerable Shrewdness in worldly 
 matters; a deep insight into character, and 
 facility of turning that insight to profitable 
 account. 
 
 } Classes V and VI. The Snub Nose, 
 and the Turn-up, poetick Celestial 
 Nose. The form of the former is suffi- 
 ciently indicated by its name. The latter 
 is distinguished by its presenting a 
 continuous concavity from the eyes to 
 the tip. It is converse in shape to the 
 Jewish nose. 
 
 N.B. The Celestial must not be confounded with a 
 Nose which, belonging to one of the other classes in the 
 upper part, terminates in a slight distension of the tip ; for 
 this, so far from prejudicing the character, rather adds to 
 it warmth and activity. 
 
 We associate the Snub and the Celestial in nearly the 
 same category, as they both indicate natural weakness, 
 mean, disagreeable disposition, with petty insolence, and 
 divers other characteristics of conscious weakness, which 
 strongly assimilate them (indeed, a true Celestial Nose is 
 only a Snub turned up) : while their general poverty of 
 distinctive character, makes it almost impossible to dis- 
 tinguish them. Nevertheless there is a difference between 
 their indications; arising, however, rather from difference 
 of intensity than of character. The Celestial is, by virtue 
 of its greater length, decidedly preferable to the Snub ; as 
 it has all the above unfortunate propensities in a much less 
 degree, and is not without some share of small shrewdness 
 and fox-like common sense ; on which, however, it is apt 
 to presume, and is, therefore, a more impudent Nose than 
 the Snub. 
 
12 
 
 Of THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOSES. 
 
 The following subordinate rules are applicable to all 
 kinds of Noses, and must be attended to before forming a 
 judgment on any Nose. 
 
 1. The Power of a Nose depends upon its length in 
 proportion to the profile. A Nose should not be less than 
 one-third of the entire length of the profile, from the root 
 of the hair to the tip of the chin. 
 
 2. The character of a Nose is weakened in intensity by 
 forming too great, or too small an angle with the general 
 profile of the face, This angle, if as great as 40°, is not 
 good, anything beyond that is bad; about 30° is best. 
 
 45 °. 40 °. 30 °. 25 ° 
 
 becomes a snub. 
 
 3. Attention should be paid to the angle which the 
 basal line of the Nose forms with the upper lip. This 
 angle affects intensity, and also temperament. If it is an 
 
 obtuse angle, as thus 
 
 , the consequent abbrevia- 
 
 tion of the Nose (for a long Nose has always more Power 
 than a short one) weakens the character, but the tempera- 
 ment is cheerful, gay, and lively ; if on the other hand the 
 
 angle is acute, as thus 
 
 the elongation of the 
 
 Nose adds much to the intensity of the character indicated 
 by the profile ; but the disposition is generally melan- 
 choly, and, if a very acute angle, desponding and fond of 
 gloomy thoughts. Fox (the Martyrologist), John Knox, 
 
OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOSES. 
 
 13 
 
 Calvin, George Herbert, Edmund Spenser, and Dante, are 
 illustrations of the melancholy Nose. 
 
 DANTE. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 OF THE ROMAN NOSE. 
 
 Class I. — The Roman, or Aquiline Nose, is rather convex, but 
 undulating, as its name aquiline imports. It is usually rugose 
 and coarse ; but when otherwise it approaches the Greek Nose, and 
 the character is materially altered. 
 
 It indicates great Decision, considerable Energy, Firmness, Absence 
 of refinement, and Disregard for the liensiances of life. 
 
 Numerous portraits, both in marble and on coins, 
 demonstrate that this Nose was very frequent among the 
 Romans, and peculiarly characteristic of that nation. 
 Hence its name. The persevering energy, stern determi- 
 nation, and unflinching firmness of the conquerors of the 
 world ; their rough, unrefined character, which, notwith- 
 standing the example of Greece, never acquired the polish 
 of that country, all indicate the accuracy of the mental habit 
 attributed to the owner of this Nose. 
 
 Sufficient stress has never been laid by historians on 
 national characteristics. The peculiar psychonomy of 
 nations is an element which is never taken into account, 
 when the historical critic endeavours to elucidate the 
 
14 
 
 OF THE EOM.AN NOSE. 
 
 causes and consequences of events. He judges of all 
 nations by the standard of his own, regardless of age, 
 climate, physiognomy, and psychonomy. This is as 
 absurd as the fashion the Greeks had of deducing foreign 
 names and titles from the Greek, a practice which Cicero 
 wittily ridicules. In this ridicule we willingly join ; yet 
 we are equally open to it, when we interpret the actions of 
 foreign nations by our own national standard. 
 
 It was the psychonomic difference between the Romans 
 and the Greeks, which prevented the former from benefiting 
 so efficiently from the lessons in art and philosophy of the 
 latter, as they would have done had their minds been 
 congenial. 
 
 The refinement which Rome received from Greece, was 
 converted in the transfer into a refinement of coarse 
 sensual luxury. Rome, after the conquest of Greece, filled 
 its forums and halls with Greek workmanship, and its 
 schools with Greek learning ; nevertheless Roman mind 
 advanced not one step beyond its original coarseness. 
 
 At the period when Rome possessed itself by conquest 
 of the principal works of Grecian art, her citizens only 
 regarded them as household furniture of but little value. 
 Polybius narrates that, after the siege of Corinth, he saw 
 some Roman soldiers playing at dice upon a picture of 
 Bacchus, by Aristides ; a picture esteemed one of the 
 finest in the world. When King Attalus offered 600,000 
 sesterces (£4,845 15s.) for this picture, Mummius, the 
 Roman Consul, thinking there must be some magic pro- 
 perty in it, to make it worth such an enormous sum, 
 refused to sell it, and hung it up in the Temple of Ceres 
 at Rome. So little were the Romans conscious of the real 
 value of the treasures of Greek art, that Mummius cove- 
 nanted with the masters of the ships, hired to convey the 
 spoils of Corinth to Rome, that if any of the exquisite 
 paintings and statuary should be lost, they should replace 
 them with new ones !* 
 
 It is not surprising, therefore, that Rome, although 
 possessed of infinitely greater wealth, a larger population, 
 and the splendid examples of Greece, not only produced 
 * Hooke’s Rom. Hist. b. vi, c. i. 
 
OF THE ROMAN NOSE. 
 
 15 
 
 no artist of merit, but receded far from the bigh standard 
 •which Greece, notwithstanding its internal divisions, its 
 comparative poverty, small extent, and unassisted genius, 
 had established, 'lhere is no way of accounting for these 
 facts, but by the difference in their psychonomy. The 
 genius of Rome was of a very different nature from that of 
 Greece, and was incompetent to advance the great work 
 which the latter had commenced. 
 
 This is an example which, with numerous others that 
 occur in the world's history, might teach those who, in 
 modern phrase, assert that the uniform order of the world is 
 progress , that retrogression has ofctimes been the apparent 
 order, and that it is a foolish short-sightedness to judge of 
 the order of the world from a few hundred years in its 
 history. The Greek who remembered the magnificent 
 works of his country, and looked upon the degenerate 
 splendour of Rome, no doubt equally dogmatically asserted 
 that the world was in its dotage, that it had retrograded, 
 and would never be regenerated. 
 
 The ancient Hindoo, who, in ages too remote for history 
 to record, wept over the fallen splendour and lost power, 
 the ruined wealth and degenerate arts of his country; 
 the Egyptian who, in ante-Mosaic periods, beheld the 
 fierce and barbarous Shepherd-Kings trampling with 
 haughty contempt and hostile fanaticism on the wonderful 
 works which still astonish the progressed world ; the 
 Assyrian, who, a century before the foundation of Rome, 
 witnessed the downfall of his country’s magnificence and 
 extensive empire, — all equally thought that these glories 
 would never be resuscitated, and that the best ages of the 
 world were past away ; and if any of them had been told, 
 that in other lands and other climes they would, in far- 
 distant ages, be outvied, he would have turned wdth 
 incredulity from the prospect, and have demanded what 
 race was to surpass the glorious achievements of his own. 
 
 But the modern dogmatist tries to take his case out of 
 the argument, by pretending that Christianity will protect 
 the world from again retrograding. This is the mere 
 pride of the Pharisee, who flatters himself that he is not 
 as other men are, that his Christianity is too pure to fall, 
 
16 
 
 OF THE ROMAN NOSE. 
 
 and his knowledge too vast to be blasted. Or else he 
 forgets that the pure Christianity of the first disciples and 
 martyrs failed to preserve succeeding generations from 
 the inroads of sin and darkness more overwhelming than 
 had ever blackened the face of Europe since the commence- 
 ment of the historical period. The dogmatist of those days 
 sighed over the world’s degeneracy, and saw not through 
 the surrounding gloom any hopeful gleam of light ; just as 
 the modern dogmatist rejoices over the world’s advance, 
 without perceiving any overhanging shadow of darkness. 
 
 Both judge of the world by their own time and circum- 
 stances, just as we are too apt to judge of each other by 
 ourselves. 
 
 A due regard to the psychonomy of nations would throw 
 much light upon many abstruse points of history, and 
 often serve to corroborate narrations which appear marvel- 
 lous and incredible to us. Thus, as we have, for the most 
 part,* ** left off eating human flesh in these islands for some 
 thousand years or more, historians reject as utterly incre- 
 dible that our forefathers were cannibals ; and some still 
 more tender-hearted philanthropists even venture to assert 
 that cannibalism has not and never had an existence any- 
 where. Whereas, if they would compare the evidence 
 with the psychonomy of the nations of whom the circum- 
 stance is narrated, instead of with our own, they would 
 instantly perceive in it nothing unnatural nor incredible. 
 Thus also infidel writers, unable to comprehend the fervent 
 and assured hope of a blessed immortality which supported 
 
 * We write thus reservedly, because there are some well-attested 
 recent instances of cannibalism in Ireland. The following anecdote 
 is likewise narrated by Leyden. “ Reiterated complaints having 
 been made to James I. of Scotland, of the cruelties of the Sheriff of 
 Mearns, James exclaimed, ‘ Sorra’ gin the Shirra’ were sodden, an’ 
 supp’d in broo’.’ Thereupon four Lairds decoyed the Sheriff to the 
 top of the hill of Garrock, and having prepared a fire and a boiling 
 cauldron, they plunged the unlucky man into the latter. After he 
 was sodden for a sufficient time, the savages fulfilled to the letter the 
 King’s hasty exclamation by supping the shirra’ -broo /” If the 
 subject were more agreeable to dwell upon, it would be easy to furnish 
 many other well-attested instances of the slaking of hunger and the 
 
 thirst of revenge by a repast of human flesh. 
 
OF THE EOMAN NOSE. 
 
 17 
 
 tlie martyrs, deny, as repugnant to human nature, the 
 patient sufferings of the early Christians. And thus 
 again commentators on the Bible, both infidel and credent, 
 have made sad havoc of many texts, by endeavouring to 
 interpret them by European manners and habits. This 
 inattention to national psychonomy is, moreover, a fertile 
 cause of the mai administration of colonies, and was the 
 root of nine-tenths of the errors in Indian affairs during 
 the last century. 
 
 Seeing, then, the importance of fully understanding the 
 psychonomy of nations before criticizing their records, we 
 should reject no probable key to that requisite knowledge; 
 and if physiognomy would furnish such a key, it should be 
 hailed as an important element in historical criticism. This 
 consideration has induced us to complete our system by a 
 few remarks on National Noses. For no part of the phy- 
 siognomy is more needful to be comprehended than the 
 Nose, if Nasology be correct ; because the mental faculties 
 which it pourtrays are more important than those revealed 
 in the other features ; and because, being immovable and 
 permanent in its outline, the artist gives us its national or 
 individual form, without the distortion which the action 
 or passion exhibited may make it necessary to throw over 
 the other more pliant features. 
 
 lieserving, then, till a future chapter, any further obser- 
 vations on National Noses, we will now consider a few 
 individual instances of the Homan Nose. 
 
 This Nose is common to all great conquerors and war- 
 riors, and other persons who have exhibited vast energy 
 and perseverance in overcoming great obstacles without 
 regard to personal ease, or the welfare of their fellow- 
 men. 
 
 The following have pure, or very nearly pure, Roman 
 Noses : — 
 
 Rameses II (Sesostris). 
 
 Julius Csesar. 
 
 Henri Quatre. 
 
 Charles V. of Spain. 
 
 Duke of Wellington. 
 
 c 
 
18 
 
 OF THE ROMAN NOSE. 
 
 Canute. 
 
 Gonzalo de Cordova (the Great Captain). 
 
 William III. 
 
 Sir W. Wallace. 
 
 Conde (the Great). 
 
 Robert Bruce. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 Columbus. 
 
 Sir Francis Drake. 
 
 Cortez. 
 
 Pizarro. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Henry VII. 
 
 Cato the Censor. 
 
 Earl of Chatham. 
 
 Ignatius Loyola. 
 
 The well-known, because (as their Noses likewise attest) 
 strongly marked, characters of these persons render it 
 unnecessary to allude even briefly to their biographies. 
 Their names are sufficient to bring at once before the mind 
 their energetic, persevering, and determined characters. 
 They were persons whom no hardships could deter, no 
 fears daunt, no affections turn aside from any purpose 
 which they had undertaken : that purpose being (from the 
 absence of the Cogitative) always of a physical character ; 
 and (from the absence of the Greek) always pursued with 
 a stern and reckless disregard of their own and others’ 
 physical ease and welfare. Their successes were attained 
 by energy and perseverance, not by forethought and deep 
 scheming. They were not the men of the closet, but of 
 the field. Physical action, not mental activity, was their 
 adopted road to success. For this reason, and because 
 history is little more than a chronicle of physical action, 
 wars and bloodshed, the owners of Roman Noses occupy 
 the largest portion of their fellow-men’s thoughts and of 
 the historical page. 
 
 The ancients acknowledged the foregoing Nasal Classifi- 
 cation, for they represented Jupiter, Hercules, Minerva 
 
CF THE ROMAN NOSE. 
 
 19 
 
 Bellatrix, and other energetic Deities with Romaii Noses, 
 which Plato designates, from its being indicative of 
 Power and Energy, ‘ the Royal Nose,’ — while they gave 
 pure Greek Noses to the more refined Apollo, Bacchus, 
 Juno, Venus, &c. The debased and unintellectual Fawn 
 and Satyr they pourtrayed with Snub or Celestial Noses : 
 thus imparting to their countenances the low cunning or 
 bestial inanity appropriate to those mythological inventions. 
 
 It must not, however, be inferred from the majority of 
 warriors’ names in the above list, that the Roman Nose 
 necessarily indicates a warrior. 
 
 These names are only selected because they afford well- 
 known and easily verifiable instances, requiring neither 
 pictorial nor biographical illustration. Energy may be 
 equally conspicuous in any other department of life, and 
 display itself as fully in the civilian as in the warrior. 
 Two of the individuals adduced are striking instances of 
 this : — Cato the Censor, and the Earl of Chatham. They 
 were men of remarkable parallelism of character, and, 
 though differing in other facial features, their Noses were 
 very similar. 
 
 CATO THE CENSOR. 
 
 (From a gem in the Florentine Museum.) 
 
 The events of their early life — those events which 
 always bear most clearly the impress of the mind, because 
 
 c 2 
 
20 
 
 OF THE ROMAN NOSE. 
 
 actuated by choice, and not by present or future con- 
 sequences — were almost identical. They both entered 
 the army in youth, and both quitted it for the Senate. 
 Here each displayed those powers of eloquence which 
 raised them to the highest eminence, and will transmit 
 their names to the latest posterity. Its peculiar feature 
 was that energetic, powerful, and determined vehemence 
 of language, which takes the mind prisoner, and carries 
 the judgment with it by storm. It was irresistible. Before 
 it all minds of less power, though of greater intellect and 
 activity, recoiled. The orations of Cato are unhappily 
 lost. But Cicero, a master of eloquence, and well enabled 
 to compare them with similar compositions, passes upon 
 them the highest enlogiums. The eloquence of Cato has 
 been compared, for its force and energy, to the eloquence 
 of that Demosthenes before whom Philip of Macedon 
 quailed, and whose tremendous orations have given the 
 name of Philippics to all sarcastic and vehement invec- 
 tives. Of Chatham’s eloquence, it has been said by Wilkes : 
 “ Nothing could withstand the force of that contagion. The 
 fluent Murray has faltered, and even Fox shrunk back 
 appalled from an adversary ‘ fraught with fire unquench- 
 able,’ if I may borrow the expression of our great Milton. 
 He had not the correctness of language so striking in the 
 great Roman orator ; but he had the verba ardentia , the 
 bold, glowing words.” 
 
 Cato led victorious armies into the field, and proved 
 himself an able general ; for in Rome the functions of the 
 general and the statesman were united in the person of the 
 Consul. 
 
 It became not, however, the Secretary of State to lead 
 armies in person; but while Chatham administered the 
 affairs of this country, “ victory crowned the British arms 
 wherever they appeared, both on sea and land ; and the 
 four years of the second administration of Mr. Pitt are 
 lour of the most glorious years in the history of the 
 eighteenth century.”* 
 
 In their retirement they were alike ; for neither regarded 
 with complacency the pursuits of literature : they required 
 * Piet. Hist, of England. 
 
OE THE HOMAN NOSE. 
 
 21 
 
 some physical activity in their very idleness, and gardening 
 was the favourite occupation of both. Cato displayed his 
 disregard and even hatred for literary refinement by advis- 
 ing the Senate to dismiss the Grecian Ambassador Carne- 
 ades promptly, lest his eloquence should corrupt the Roman 
 youth with a love for Greek learning and philosophy. 
 
 He cultivated his farm and garden with great skill, and 
 wrote a work on the subject, entitled “ De Rustica .” 
 Chatham was a landscape-gardener of no mean preten- 
 sions. He assisted Lord Lyttelton in laying out the cele- 
 brated park and grounds at fiagley ; and Bishop Warburton 
 eulogizes his skill in gardening as inimitable, and far supe- 
 rior to that of the professor Capability Brown. Not even 
 obedience to the king's mandate could draw Chatham 
 from his country retirement at Hayes. 
 
 Neither ever thought he had done serving his country 
 while life lasted, even when bodily health and strength 
 were gone. At eighty-four years of age Cato went on an 
 embassy to Carthage ; and Chatham, worn out by the gout 
 and wrapped in flannels, never neglected to take his seat 
 in the House and electrify it with his eloquence when any 
 important question affecting the interests of the country or 
 the liberty of the subject arose. 
 
 Notwithstanding their many virtues, they were both 
 coarse-minded, violent men ; proud, self-willed, and 
 regardless of the common courtesies, and even decencies, 
 of society. Both were perhaps indebted for some o* 
 their fame to the successful practice of the vice which 
 has been happily designated as the deference paid to 
 virtue. 
 
 It is not, therefore, only in the peculiar circumstances 
 of his death, that Chatham resembles Cato, with whom 
 he has therein been frequently compared. 
 
 It will be remembered that after Cato’s return from 
 Carthage (the inveterate enemy and most powerful rival 
 of Rome), Cato, then in the eighty-fifth year of his age, 
 and the last year of his life, never spoke in the Senate 
 without expressing his conviction of the dangerous power 
 of Carthage, and concluding with the celebrated words 
 “ Delenda est Carthago .” Chatham, when peace with 
 
22 
 
 OF THE ROMAN NOSE. 
 
 America was proposed on terms which he thought dis- 
 honourable to his country, expended his last strength 
 in opposing it, and fell, to survive but a few days, 
 senseless on the floor of the House of Lords. 
 
 Those who attribute to the founder of the Jesuits the 
 characteristics of that powerful Order, both over-estimate 
 and calumniate the man, Ignatius Loyola. He foresaw 
 none of the power and eminence which his successors 
 would attain ; he contemplated neither their conquests, 
 their influence, wealth, nor extensive domination. 
 
 The wounded soldier on his miserable pallet devising con- 
 quests over Satan, composing his Spiritual Exercises , and 
 framinghis celebrated Constitutions , contemplated for himself 
 and his followers a scene of action wholly different from 
 that into which they were finally — accidentally or Providen- 
 tially, who shall say ? — determined. His ambition contem- 
 plated no worldly fame ; he sought not riches nor the 
 applause of men. He proposed only to carry the Christian 
 warfare into the country of the infidel, and in poverty and 
 “ perfect obedience to the Holy See” to rescue souls from 
 perdition. The original object of his Order was the noble 
 one of preaching the Gospel among the Mahometans, 
 especially in the Holy Land; and for this specific object, 
 his Spiritual Exercises and his Constitutions were com- 
 posed, and his Order founded. It was for this purpose 
 that the Pope sanctioned the formation of the Society, and 
 its members were on the point of departure for Asia when 
 war broke out between the Turks and the Christians. 
 
 This unexpected event rendered their journey physically 
 impossible, and compelled the newly-sworn aspirants to 
 fulfil their vows of perfect obedience in some other direc- 
 tion, to be enjoined by the Head of the Church. Thence- 
 forth they remained in Europe, where the Reformation 
 afforded ample scope for their exertions, and where they 
 only too successfully combated with the new heresy 
 instead of with the old apostacy. The mind of Ignatius 
 Loyola was swayed by none of the characteristics of 
 Jesuitism. His character was open, direct, fearless. 
 Physically active and wonderfully energetic, to conceive 
 was to determine ; to determine was to act. 
 
OF THE SOMAN NOSE. 
 
 23 
 
 "When his broken leg was set awry he only said, “ Break 
 it again and set it straight still the bone protruded and 
 threatened to spoil the shape of his boot : “ Cut off the 
 projection and stretch the limh in an iron jack,” was a 
 command which showed the unflinching determination of 
 the man. 
 
 Confined to his hed, the “ Lives of the Saints” is brought 
 to him for his amusement. He is struck with their suffer- 
 ings for the faith, and, on the instant, determines to do 
 likewise. Thenceforth his whole soul has but one am- 
 bition, to suffer for the faith ; and this ambition actuated 
 the remainder of his life. To run through the life of 
 Ignatius, to pourtray his fearful sufferings ; his degrading 
 servitude in misery, in beggary, and rags; his unwearying 
 perseverance in acquiring a knowledge of language and 
 divinity ; his journeyings ; his rebuffs ; his trials ; his 
 successes — would be to exhibit what can be effected by 
 mere perseverance and physical energy, without the gift of 
 great mental powers. 
 
 But the peculiarly remarkable physical bias of Ignatius’s 
 mind is still more strikingly developed in his writings. 
 Other men have been equally active and persevering — ■ 
 other men have equalled him in mere bodily activity and 
 suffering ; but to Ignatius alone belongs the discovery of 
 exercising the mind by converting his thoughts into actual 
 realities, and rendering the creations of the imagination 
 true existences. 
 
 Herein appears the peculiarly physical tone of his mind, 
 which could not rest content with mere spiritual contem- 
 plation, but must actually, as it were, see, feel, smell, 
 taste, and hear the objects contemplated. The Spiritual 
 Exercises enjoin that the exercitant must, in his gloomiest 
 hours, not only think upon, but actually behold , the vast 
 conflagration of Hell ; he must hear its wailings, shrieks, 
 and blasphemies ; he must smell its smoky brimstone, 
 and the horrid stench of its filth and rottenness ; he must 
 taste the saltness of the tears of penitence, and the bitter- 
 ness of the rancour of the heart, and the loathsomeness of 
 the worm of conscience ; and he must touch the very fire 
 by which the souls of the reprobate are scorched. Thus 
 
24 
 
 OF THE HOMAN NOSE. 
 
 each meditation must be, not mere thinking-on, or con- 
 templation, but must be instinct with life — must be conti- 
 nued until the senses seem actually to see, taste, and feel 
 the objects contemplated. 
 
 So, in contemplating the passion of our Lord, the horrors 
 of his death must be visibly present ; we must hear his 
 last words ; we must listen to the shoutings of the popu- 
 lace ; we must watch the agony of the virgin-mother be- 
 holding the infamy of her blessed son ; we must see his 
 quivering limbs, his deathlike paleness, his tottering weak- 
 ness under the burden of the cross, his bleeding side and 
 pierced extremities. Merely to see these things in con- 
 templation is trivial and inessential ; we must, with certain 
 interior senses, actually see, hear, taste, and smell, not 
 only the personages and scenes on which the mind is 
 dwelling, but the emotions which the scenes are calculated 
 to excite. So again, we must taste and relish the suavity 
 and lusciousness of the pious soul, and by a like internal 
 sense of touch we must actually feel and kiss the very 
 garments, places, and footsteps of the personages whose 
 acts our minds dwell upon. 
 
 This is justly called “ the application of the senses” to 
 the soul. 
 
 It consists, in fact, in reducing to ywasi-materialisms 
 the visions of the mind ; in giving to the exercitant’s 
 thoughts, every reality short of such an actual-material 
 existence as would render them visible to others — as they 
 are, indeed, visible to himself. 
 
 In this remarkable system for exciting the soul appears 
 the utter incapacity of the mind of Ignatius to appreciate 
 mere metaphysical activity. His soul could not apprehend 
 the unseen, and dwell on the absent or far distant. It was 
 necessary to his frame of mind that everything should be 
 present, visible, tangible, real. 
 
 The soul of the founder of the Jesuits was, therefore, 
 strikingly accordant with the revelation of his physiognomy ; 
 although, were it true, that he was — in the vulgar sense — 
 a Jesuit, the Greek Nose and generally a more delicate 
 caste of countenance, would more correctly have pour- 
 trayed his inner man. 
 
OF THE EOMANO-GKEEK NOSE. 
 
 25 
 
 But the founder of the Jesuits was no Jesuit, and had 
 his original Constitutions been adhered to, the Order would 
 never have achieved the bad eminence which it so rapidly 
 attained, so long held, so quickly lost, and so tenaciously 
 still aspires after. 
 
 As by far the majority of persons have compound Noses, 
 and as their consideration will therefore throw additional 
 light upon the system, we shall add a few observations 
 upon some of them. 
 
 The Roman Nose may be compounded with Classes II 
 and III, rarely with IV ; seldom or never with V and VIA' 
 
 Compound J, — the Romano-Greek Nose. f 
 
 The following are instances of Noses of this sub-class : — 
 
 Alexander the Great. 
 
 Constantine. 
 
 Wolsey. 
 
 Richelieu. 
 
 Ximenes. 
 
 Lorenzo de’ Medici. 
 
 Frederick II. of Prussia. 
 
 Alfred. 
 
 Sir W. Raleigh. 
 
 Sir P. Sidney. 
 
 Napoleon. 
 
 Associated with much physical energy (I), these persons 
 all exhibited much refinement of mind, a love for Arts 
 and Letters, considerable astuteness and capacity of 
 scheming ; (II) they saw far and quickly, though deficient 
 in deep philosophical powers of thought. 
 
 A rather more extended notice of some of the members 
 of the sub-classes will be requisite ; as, of course, their 
 characters were less developed, and therefore less known, 
 than those of the pure classes ; but principally in order 
 
 * The indications of I being so decidedly opposed to those of V 
 and VI it seems almost impossible for them to be associated. 
 
 f The class placed first in these compounds is that which pre- 
 dominates. 
 
26 
 
 OF THE EOMANO-GKEEK NOSE. 
 
 to point out the more minute touches, and, apparently, 
 inconsistencies of character which illustrate the compound 
 form of Nose 
 
 CONSTANTINE. 
 
 f From a gem in the. Florentine Museum.) 
 
 Constantine, having by a felicitous union of enterprise 
 and cunning procured his elevation to the Imperial throne, 
 and having defeated the last of his rivals to that splendid 
 dignify, directed his attention to the concentration rather 
 than the extension of his enormous empire, and sought, 
 by building Constantinople, to divert the minds of the 
 people from foreign war and intestine discord; while 
 he at the same time fostered and encouraged the arts by 
 the magnificent decoration of the new capital, to which he 
 brought from Asia and Greece some of their most splendid 
 productions. 
 
 Vigorous in war and active in peace, Constantine united 
 all the characteristics of the Roman and the Greek. In 
 war he successfully opposed both civil and foreign enemies, 
 and made himself master of the most extended empire 
 Rome had ever designated by her name. While in the 
 vigour of his age, he moved with slow dignity, or with 
 
OF THE EOMAN O-GUEEK. NOSE. 
 
 27 
 
 active vigilance, according to the various exigencies of 
 peace and war, along the frontiers of his extensive 
 dominions, and was always prepared to take the field 
 either against a foreign or a domestic enemy. 
 
 But when he had gradually reached the summit of 
 prosperity and the decline of life, he became sensible of 
 the ambition of founding a city which might perpetuate 
 the glory of his name, and he then exhibited all the 
 capacities for the enjoyment of the luxuries of peace which 
 had hitherto lain dormant in his mind. The mere building 
 and fortifying a city, which would have satisfied the 
 ambition of the coarser-minded Roman, was not his 
 ambition only. He desired to decorate it with the highest 
 efforts of human genius, and make it not only a monument 
 of his military prowess, but also of his taste and refinement. 
 For this purpose he founded schools of architecture to 
 supply the disparity which his fine taste detected between 
 the degenerate artists of his time and those of early Greece. 
 The immortal productions of Phidias and Lysippus were 
 dragged from other countries to adorn his capital ; and, 
 unmindful of the injustice, he despoiled the cities of Greece 
 and Asia of their most valuable ornaments. The trophies 
 of memorable wars, the objects of religious veneration, 
 the most finished statues of the gods and heroes, of the 
 sages and poets of ancient times, contributed to the 
 splendid triumph of Constantinople. * 
 
 The character of Wolsey was very similar to that of 
 Constantine. We might almost venture to assert that 
 had he been placed in the same situation he would have 
 pursued the same course. Yet the only part of their 
 physiognomies which assimilates are their Noses. One 
 remarkable circumstance in the early life of each identifies, 
 the two men, and exhibits in them the union of energy 
 with acute tact. Constantine, half assured of his elevation 
 to the Imperial throne, if he could join his father s army 
 and be present with him in case of his death, and having 
 with difficulty obtained permission to visit his father from 
 Galerius, (who dreaded the same event, and delayed the 
 permission, until he believed it would be impossible for 
 
 * Gibbon. 
 
28 
 
 OP THE EOMANO-GKEEK NOSE. 
 
 him to accomplish his object), travelled post through 
 Bithynia, Dacia, Thracia, Pannonia, Italy and Gaul, with 
 such speed that he reached Boulogne in the very moment 
 when his father was preparing to embark for Britain, 
 accompanied him, and finally, by military election, suc- 
 ceeded to his share of the Empire. 
 
 When Henry VII was looking out in his old age for a 
 rich wife, he despatched Wolsey, to whom the vista of 
 future eminence was just opening, to Flanders, to treat for 
 the hand of a Princess of the Empire. Wolsey, conscious 
 that in such affairs old age brooks no delay, started on his 
 journey and had returned before the King knew that he 
 was gone. By similar energy and shrewd scheming in pur- 
 suit of his own aggrandizement, very analogous to that by 
 which Constantine secured the purple, Wolsey elevated him- 
 self to the highest subordinate station in his country, and 
 then directed his mind rather to the extension of learning, 
 the encouragement of art, the erection of splendid buildings, 
 and the increase of domestic magnificence, than to an 
 imitation of the warlike pursuits of the ancestors of his 
 monarch ; although the disposition of the latter strongly 
 tended in that more physically energetic direction. The 
 noble hall and chapel at Hampton Court and the remains 
 of the colleges which Wolsey founded, still attest his 
 magnificence, his taste, his liberality, and his respect for 
 learning. 
 
 Richelieu was another Wolsey. It is a remarkable 
 fact that the point of identity in actively seeking their 
 own aggrandizement, which has been noticed between 
 Wolsey and Constantine, occurs also in the early life o f 
 Richelieu. Having, from interested motives, abandoned 
 the army (for which he was originally destined) for the 
 Church, and the Pope having refused, on account of his 
 extreme youth, to sanction his elevation to the Bishopric 
 for the sake of which he had taken orders, he resolved 
 to overcome this difficulty in person ; and setting off for 
 Rome, gave the Pontiff such convincing proofs of his 
 talents, that he was consecrated Bishop forthwith, at 
 twenty-two years of age, and thus laid the foundation of 
 his future eminence. 
 
OF THE ROMANO-GREEK NOSE. 
 
 29 
 
 He conducted in person the siege of Rochelle, and 
 baffled the finest military geniuses of Europe ; he out- 
 intrigued the ablest diplomatists ; he nourished arts and 
 commerce, and for the better promotion of learning he 
 founded the French Academy. 
 
 In the union of energy of character and refinement of 
 tastes the three celebrated Cardinal-ministers of England, 
 France, and Spain, strongly assimilated. 
 
 The anecdotes which have been related of the energetic 
 carving-out of their own fortunes by Constantine, Wolsey, 
 and Richelieu, find also their parallel in the early career 
 of Ximenes. The son of noble parents, but without 
 wealth or patronage, he had nothing but his talents and 
 the energy of his character to carry him successfully 
 through life. He began as a student at Salamanca ; but 
 finding that sphere too limited for his ambition, he under- 
 took a journey to Rome, where he soon distinguished him- 
 self as an advocate, but preferring the church, took holy 
 orders. 
 
 Sixtus IV had bestowed upon him the reversionary 
 grant of the first benefice which should fall vacant in 
 Spain. This proved to be Ueeda ; and, on the demise of 
 the incumbent, he produced his letters, and took possession 
 with such promptitude and despatch that he baffled the 
 Archbishop of Toledo, who considered the benefice to be 
 in his gift, and had promised it to one of his dependents. 
 
 Like Richelieu he took the field in person, and in spite 
 of the jealousy of the King, the dissensions of the generals, 
 and the mutiny of the soldiers, he succeeded in taking the 
 town of Oran on the coast of Barbary ; the first success of 
 any moment which the Spanish army could boast in a 
 campaign of four years’ duration. 
 
 He devoted himself, in after-life, to the encouragement 
 of popular education and the advancement of higher learning 
 in no less degree than his brother Cardinals before named. 
 He founded a school for the education of the daughters of 
 the poorer nobility, and subsequently provided them with 
 marriage-portions. 
 
 He established the University of Alcala, richly endowed 
 it, and filled its professorial chairs with the most distin- 
 
30 
 
 OF THE EOMANO-GEEEK NOSE. 
 
 guished learned men of Europe. Here he undertook the 
 magnificent work, known as the Complutensian Bible. It 
 was the first Polyglott Bible ever published, and as such 
 affords a striking contrast to the otherwise undeviating 
 opposition which Spain has offered to the spread of true 
 Christianity and the circulation of the Scriptures. 
 
 It should, however, be remembered that even this was 
 a sealed book to the laity, since it did not comprise a 
 version in the vernacular. It contained the Old Testament 
 in the Hebrew, the Septuagint, the Vulgate of St. Jerome, 
 and the Chaldee Paraphrase with Latin translations, and 
 the New Testament in the Greek and Vulgate. 
 
 It was the work of fifteen years, and when the last 
 volume was brought to Ximenes, shortly before his death, 
 he exclaimed : “ Many high and difficult matters have I 
 carried on for the state, yet is there nothing which I have 
 done, that deserves higher congratulations than this edition 
 of the Scriptures — the fountain-head of our holy religion, 
 whence may flow purer streams of theology than those 
 which have been turned off from it.” The whole cost of 
 the work, fifty thousand gold crowns, was defrayed by 
 Ximenes. 
 
 In Lorenzo de’ Medici we meet with another of those 
 characters, frequent among men eminent in public affairs, 
 which unite refinement of taste with physical energy. To 
 live in the world’s eye with success, it is necessary to 
 exhibit something ad captandum vulgus. There must either 
 be the intense energy of the Roman, or the more moderate 
 energy with the taste and magnificence of the Romano- 
 Greek. Hence, while the former class of Nose prevails 
 among those who have won fame and honours by arms 
 merely, the latter is frequent among those who are chiefly 
 celebrated for their statesmanship. But both energy and 
 statesmanship were necessary to him who would secure a 
 world’s fame as ruler of a petty Italian state. The head 
 of a state too weak to be feared in war, and too turbulent 
 to be governed in calm tranquillity, required some other 
 qualities beside energy, in order to be respected and 
 honoured by his contemporaries. These qualities were 
 happily united in Lorenzo de’ Medici. Firm in danger. 
 
OP THE KOMAK O-GREEK NOSE. 
 
 31 
 
 prompt in action, lavish in expenditure, refined in taste, 
 accomplished in learning, expert in art, he was every way 
 formed to win laurels in an age which boasted the greatest 
 statesmen, the best artists, and the most profound scholars. 
 The vigour and promptitude with which he repelled the 
 celebrated conspiracy of the Pazzi family, hanged an Arch- 
 bishop on the spot in full canonicals, and punished the 
 conspirators, alone attest his energy. The title of Magni- 
 ficent, which he earned in an age celebrated for its magni- 
 ficence, demonstrates his lavish liberality ; while his love 
 for antiquities, his patronage of the arts of sculpture and 
 painting, his studious devotion to learning and the writings 
 of the ancients, bespeak the refinement of his mind. 
 Among other institutions he founded a school for the 
 study of antiquities, and furnished it with the finest 
 specimens of ancient workmanship. “ To this institution, 
 more than to any other circumstance, we may, without 
 any hesitation, ascribe the sudden and astonishing pro- 
 ficiency, which, towards the close of the fifteenth century, 
 was evidently made in the arts, and which, commencing at 
 Florence, extended itself to the rest of Europe. 
 
 “ ‘ It is highly deserving of notice,’ says Yasan, ‘ that 
 all those who studied in the gardens of the Medici, and 
 were favoured by Lorenzo, became most excellent artists, 
 which can only be attributed to the exquisite judgment of 
 this great patron of their studies.’ ”* 
 
 Frederick II is another example of the union of 
 refined tastes with vigorous energy. It is not so much for 
 his military genius that he is to be remembered and 
 respected, as for the impulse he gave to Prussian intellect, 
 and thence generally to German mind. 
 
 It is true this was hardly perceptible till the present 
 century, for until the peace of 1815, Germany had been 
 the seat of almost incessant warfare, and was, therefore, 
 disabled from pursuing the arts of peace with success. 
 But thirty years’ peace has enabled her to perform great 
 things, and to justify a pretty sure hope of yet greater. 
 We ought to be far in advance of her, for where she now 
 is we were exactly two hundred and fifty years and up- 
 * Itoscoe’s Life of L. de’ Medici, chap. ix. 
 
32 
 
 OF THE ROMANO-GREEK NOSE. 
 
 wards ago. Till the reign of Elizabeth, England had been, 
 like Germany till 1815, the seat of perpetual war or reli- 
 gious discord. At the end of the sixteenth century in 
 England, and at the beginning of the nineteenth in Ger- 
 many, the Teutonic mind began to develope itself with 
 effect. The same deep investigations in history, the same 
 subtle disquisitions in metaphysics, the same love of philo- 
 logical criticism that distinguished English literature in 
 the early part of the seventeenth century, belong to Ger- 
 man literature in the nineteenth, and are combined with 
 the same coarseness of manners that marked our ancestors i 
 The Germans still delight in those rude, indecent produc- 
 tions, called Miracle-plays or Mysteries,* which amused 
 the predecessors of Shakspere : a written character, ugly, 
 uncouth, and elsewhere obsolete; the recent adoption of 
 the vernacular in literary composition ;f legalized wager 
 of battle ; semi-feudalism; masques of fools dancing in a 
 gigantic beer-barrel and chanting the praises of beer; 
 deer-battues ; perpetual duelling and beer-swigging ; feasts 
 of horse-flesh; millions pilgrimaging to the Coat of Treves; 
 the implicit reception of sham miracles, all mark a state 
 of society little removed from that magnificent barbarism 
 which stained the rush-strewn court of the ear-boxing 
 and swearing Elizabeth. 
 
 In refinement, and that wealth which springs from 
 Science, we have advanced far beyond Germany ; but in 
 that wealth which emanates from Mind we are only on a 
 par with her. The causes of this will be considered more 
 fully hereafter, when we treat, Tinder Class III, of the 
 causes of the decline of Wisdom. 
 
 The impulse given to German Mind may in a great 
 measure be attributed to the pains which Frederick II 
 took to civilise and educate his people. For this purpose 
 he founded numerous popular schools, it is said as many 
 as sixty in one year. He instituted an Academy of 
 
 * See Hone’s description of one performed in 1815 before several 
 crowned heads of Europe for three successive days; Hone on the 
 Mysteries. See also Wilhelm Meister, vol. 1. 
 
 t In Germany about 1750, and in England about 1550, the vernacular 
 first began to supersede the Latin in philosophical and literary works. 
 
OF THE ROMANO-GREEK NOSE. 
 
 33 
 
 Sciences and fostered Universities. He patronized Com- 
 merce and the Arts, and by his wise administration as 
 much as by his military talents raised Prussia to the rank 
 of a second-rate European State. The military success of 
 the correspondent of Voltaire, it is unnecessary to do more 
 than refer to. 
 
 Machiavellism formed a strikingly distinctive feature in 
 the characters of all the foregoing personages. They all 
 possessed more of the wisdom of the serpent, than of the 
 innocence of the dove. It may be thought, however, that 
 we employ too strong a term in calling this Machiavellism. 
 A less strict morality would only call it policy, worldly 
 wisdom. In men of strong conscientiousness, astuteness 
 may be little or nothing more ; but where the moral sense 
 is weak, it easily passes into duplicity and dishonest craft. 
 
 The shrewd policy and worldly wisdom by which the 
 great Alfred civilized a barbarous people, and tamed to 
 quietude a nation of turbulent robbers, has never been 
 accused of departing from a strict morality. It may be 
 that he is somewhat indebted to the partiality of the 
 monkish historians for the very flattering pictures of him 
 handed dow r n to us. The prompt and energetic manner 
 in which, from time to time, he fell upon and defeated the 
 Danes who ravaged the country is too well known to need 
 mention, and the prudent means by which he endeavoured 
 to incite his people to educate themselves has been often 
 the subject of praise. In a remarkably illiterate age, he 
 alone courted literature, and, conscious of its power to 
 civilize his people, urged them to follow his example. 
 Nevertheless, he did not forget the more arduous duties ot 
 a King. While devoting a large part of his time to 
 learning, he never neglected the interests of his country ; 
 nor suffered her liberties to be trampled upon by invaders 
 while he was cultivating the arts of peace. His biogra- 
 pher, quaintly and somewhat poetically, describes the 
 King’s studious mind and gubernatorial talents. “ Like a 
 most productive bee, he flew here and there asking ques- 
 tions as he went, until he had eagerly and unceasingly 
 collected many various flowers of Divine Scripture, with 
 which he thickly stored the cells of his mind. His 
 
 D 
 
34 
 
 OF THE ROMANO-GREEK NOSE. 
 
 friends would voluntarily sustain little or no toil, though 
 it was for the common necessity of the kingdom ; but he 
 alone, sustained by the divine aid, like a skilful pilot, 
 strove to steer his ship laden with much wealth, into the 
 safe and much-desired harbour of his country though 
 almost all his crew were tired, and suffered them not to 
 faint or hesitate, though sailing among the manifold waves 
 and eddies of this present life.”* 
 
 The circumstances in which men are involuntarily placed 
 marvellously affect their actions. Crowd together a 
 number of } r oung trees in one small plot, and how slowly 
 they grow, how stunted they become ! Remove them to 
 separate stations, where their roots may spread, their 
 branches expand, and their leaves drink freely of the sun 
 and air, and how soon they take their place among the 
 giants of the forest. So it is with men. Crowded in cities, 
 undistinguished by birth, and unassisted by patronage, 
 many a hero dies unseen and unnoticed — 
 
 “ Some village Hampden, that with dauntless breast. 
 
 The little tyrant of his fields withstood ; 
 
 Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest. 
 
 Some Cromwell, guiltless of his country’s blood.” 
 
 Let it not, therefore, be imagined, from the foregoing 
 instances, that every Greco-Roman Nose indicates an 
 energetic statesman, or a literary monarch; or that the 
 same actions are to be predicated from the same form of 
 Nose in different men under different circumstances. 
 
 Energy and refinement may exist in every department 
 of life. The peasant may furnish as illustrious an example 
 of either as the Prince. But what a King has, these 
 heroes want; and so they die unhonoured for lack of a 
 record. The illustrations are, therefore, necessarily drawn 
 from the high and mighty of various spheres. 
 
 Stars of lesser magnitude, however, present themselves 
 to shed a further light upon the subject. 
 
 Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir Philip Sidney 
 were two men whose characters exhibited many points 
 of identity. 
 
 * Asser’s Life of Alfred. 
 
or THE ROMAHO-GREEK HOSE. 
 
 35 
 
 In any arduous enterprize which promised fame and 
 honour, Sir Walter Raleigh was always prominent. 
 Eager to support the Reformation, he served in the 
 Protestant army as a volunteer during the civil wars in 
 France, and afterwards tendered his services to the 
 Netherlands in their contest with Spain for civil and 
 religious liberty. One of the most attractive enterprizes 
 of the reign of Elizabeth to men of energy and fore- 
 thought was, however, that presented by the recently- 
 opened field of American discovery. Into this Raleigh 
 threw himself heart and soul. With his half-brother, 
 Sir Humphrey Gilbert, he made the then perilous voyage 
 to the New World, but failed to establish a firm footing 
 on its shores. 
 
 Still he was not to be thus foiled. After a careful con- 
 sideration of the best authorities, he came to the just 
 conclusion that there was land north of the Gulf of Flo- 
 rida, a tract then wholly unexplored. Having obtained 
 from the Queen the inexpensive grant of all he might 
 discover, be it sea or be it land, be it inhabited or be it 
 void, he fitted out vessels of discovery ; and, though not 
 permitted by the wary Queen to accompany them himself, 
 they verified his predictions by discovering the country 
 now called Virginia — a name which the virgin Queen 
 herself bestowed upon it. 
 
 But it was not by his energy that Raleigh alone dis- 
 tinguished himself. The young Protestant volunteer, and 
 the American adventurer would long since have been 
 forgotten among a host of compeers, had not he presented 
 far higher claims to the notice of posterity. “ Raleigh 
 was one of those rare men who seem qualified to excel 
 in all pursuits alike ; and his talents were set off by 
 an extraordinary laboriousness, and capacity of application. 
 (I). As a navigator, soldier, statesman, and historian, his 
 
 name is intimately and honourably linked with one of the 
 most brilliant periods of British history.” v 
 
 Sir Walter Raleigh occupies a distinguished place in 
 literature, both as a poet and an historian. It is probable 
 
 * Life of Raleigh, 6 Port. Gal. p. 10. 
 
 D 2 
 
36 
 
 OF THE ROMANO -GREEK NOSE. 
 
 that only a small portion of liis poetry has come down to 
 us. He seems to have regarded it but lightly himself, 
 and many very beautiful pieces, which there is no reason 
 to doubt owe their origin to his creative brain, are with- 
 out name, and only preserved in some obscure miscella- 
 neous collections, under the modest signature ‘ Ignoto.’ 
 One of these, sometimes entitled “ The Lie,” and some- 
 times “ The Soul’s Errand,” is as beautiful, as Christian, 
 and as philosophic a poem as any in the language ; yet so 
 little pains did he take to secure to himself the literary 
 fame of the words with which he had relieved his labour- 
 ing soul, that it has been attributed to divers poetasters, 
 and, among others, to that most wretched inharmonious 
 scribe, Joshua Sylvester. 
 
 Spenser eulogizes Raleigh’s poetic powers as those of 
 one 
 
 “ .... as skilful in that art as any.”* 
 
 He likewise entitles him ‘ the summer’s nightingale,’ and 
 hints that he had in store a poem on Queen Elizabeth, 
 which might rival “The Faerie Queene — 
 
 “ To taste the streames, that like a golden showre. 
 
 Flow from thy fruitful head, of thy Love’s praise — 
 
 Fitter perhaps to thunder martial stowre — 
 
 When so thee list thy lofty Muse to raise ; 
 
 Yet till that thou thy poem wilt make known. 
 
 Let thy faire Cynthia’s praises be thus rudely shown.” 
 
 But poetic effusions are not the only contributions of 
 Raleigh to literature. During his long confinement in 
 the Tower, on charge of treason, he relieved his solitude 
 by compiling a “ History of the World an undertaking 
 sufficient to appal the most active and learned man under 
 the most favourable circumstances, but which appears 
 something superhuman when attempted and almost ac- 
 complished by a wretched prisoner lying under an unjust 
 sentence of death. 
 
 This History commences at the Creation, and descends 
 as far as the end of the second Macedonian War j when, 
 
 * Colin Clout. 
 
OF THE ROMANO-GREEIt NOSE. 
 
 37 
 
 in consequence of the death of Prince Henry, for whose 
 instruction it was intended, he ceased from his arduous 
 labours. The work displays a vast extent of reading in 
 history, philosophy, theology, and Rabbinical learning. 
 
 Like Raleigh, Sir Philip Sidney combined the charac- 
 ters of the warrior and the author. His Arcadia was a 
 work of poetic prose, better suited to the time in which 
 he lived than to any subsequent period, and is almost 
 forgotten ; and the stiffness and hard formality of his 
 poetry has almost sunk it in like oblivion. A writer who 
 is not an author for all time, may be a very useful and 
 agreeable one in his day, but lacks power and thoughtful- 
 ness. It is only those who have the one touch of 
 Nature” which “ makes the whole world kin,” that are 
 independent of time, and live with the kindred spirits 
 of all ages. 
 
 Time puts out the lesser lights which burn only to 
 light some small apartment and corner of the world, but 
 cannot extinguish the suns which are formed to illuminate 
 the whole earth. 
 
 Sir Philip Sidney was rather a discerning patron of 
 letters than a man of letters. He was the first patron 
 and friend of Spenser, whom he introduced to the Queen, 
 and their friendship endured till Sidney’s lamented death. 
 Perhaps in the whole range of literary history, there is 
 no incident so beautiful as the mutual friendship and 
 familiar intercourse of Raleigh, Spenser, and Sidney. 
 This pleasing friendship is frequently alluded to by 
 Spenser. The ‘Faerie Queene’ is dedicated to Raleigh, 
 whose return from his Western Expedition is celebrated 
 in the Pastoral, entitled, “ Colin Clout’s come home 
 again ;” from which we learn that it was their custom 
 to recline 
 
 “ . . . . amongst the coolly shade 
 Of the green alders by the Mulla’s shore,” 
 
 and recite to each other their poetic effusions. 
 
 How beautiful a picture of the simplicity of great 
 minds ! It strikes us as a more lovely picture than the 
 much-admired one of Chaucer, solitary among the daisies 
 of the Woodstock meadows. 
 
38 
 
 or THE ROMANO- GREEK NOSE. 
 
 Sidney inspired Spenser with no mere mercenary friend, 
 ship, the affection of the client for his patron’s substantial 
 marks of favour. When death smote Sidney on the sad 
 field of Zutphen, Spenser invoked every Muse to weep 
 over his untimely fall, and celebrated his virtues in the 
 beautiful elegy “ The Tears of the Muses for Astrophel.” 
 It will perhaps relieve the dryness of our subject, to 
 observe that the first poetical use of the Forget-me-not, 
 {Myosotis palustris) as a symbol of faithfulness, occurs 
 in this poem, and the English reader may there find a 
 more fitting reason to esteem this little flower than the 
 absurd German legend of a drowning knight throwing a 
 spray of it to his ladye-love. 
 
 The Astrophel of the following lines from Spenser’s 
 Elegy, is Sidney; Stella is the name by which Sidney 
 addressed his Mistress, who, it is feigned, was unable to 
 survive his loss, and, 
 
 “ . . . followed her mate, like turtle chaste. 
 
 To prove that death their hearts cannot divide. 
 
 Which, living, were in love so firmly tied. 
 
 The Gods which all things see, this Same heheld; 
 
 And pittying this paire of lovers trew. 
 
 Transformed them, there lying on the field. 
 
 Into one flowre, that is hoth red and blew. 
 
 It first growes red, and then to blew doth fade. 
 
 Like Astrophel, which thereinto was made. 
 
 And in the midst thereof a starre appeares. 
 
 As fairly formed as any starre in skyes, 
 
 "Resembling Stella in her freshest yeeres. 
 
 Forth darting beames of beautie from her eyes 
 And all the day it standeth full of deow. 
 
 Which is the tcares, that from her eyes did flow. 
 
 That hearh of some, Starlight is call’d by name. 
 
 Of others, Penthia, though not so well ; 
 
 But thou, whenever thou dost find the same. 
 
 From this day forth doe call it Astrophel. 
 
 And whensoever thou it up doost take. 
 
 Doe pluck it softly for that shepheard’s sake.” 
 
 May the injunction of the last lines never be forgotten 
 
OF THE ROMANO-GREEK NOSE. 
 
 39 
 
 by any one who knows that the Forget-me-not is associated 
 with the friendship of two such noble-minded men ! 
 
 It is hardly necessary to say that Sir Philip Sidney fell 
 gallantly fighting at the battle of Zutphen, or to narrate the 
 interesting anecdote of his refusing a drink of cold water 
 till a wounded soldier had partaken of it, saying, “Thy 
 necessity is yet greater than mine;” thus nobly displaying 
 both firm endurance (I.) and sensitive humanity (II.) 
 
 The other instances, Alexander the Great, and 
 Napoleon, may be best treated of by contrasting them 
 with their opposites ; and we shall thus be enabled to 
 illustrate, at the same time, both the Roman and the 
 Greek Noses more fully. Moreover, while the contrast 
 will clearly demonstrate the distinctive characteristics of 
 those Noses, it will also evince how important it is to 
 attend to compound forms, and how materially the charac- 
 ter is affected by the intermixture of classes. 
 
 Of all the conquerors whose wild ambition has stained 
 with blood the page of History, Alexander and Napoleon 
 alone fought from a high romantic motive — the desire 
 of eternal fame. By virtue of a large share of the Roman 
 Nose, they pursued their favourite and chosen career with 
 determined energy and a reckless disregard for the lives 
 of others ; nevertheless, being strongly gifted with the 
 Greek, they might in some other sphere have been high 
 artists of some class ; but having the sword in their hands, 
 they pursued intellectual fame by its means. 
 
 It is difficult to say whether the Roman or the Greek 
 form predominates in their Noses ; for they are perhaps 
 as much Greco-Roman as Romano-Greek ; but as they 
 were warriors, we place them here because it will be 
 advantageous to draw an illustrative contrast between 
 their characters and Noses, and the characters and looses 
 of too many other mere conquerors, whose Noses have 
 been purely Roman. 
 
 Let us briefly contrast Julius Caesar and Alexander. 
 They were both, in the prime of life, placed at the head 
 of a large empire, firmly seated, with a large army and 
 all the world open to their grasp. Their Noses alone 
 differed. Alexander, while pursuing everlasting fame by 
 
40 
 
 OF THE HO MAN 0- GREEK NOSE. 
 
 his arms, and earning what was then deemed the highest 
 glory, steadily devoted himself to the extension of scientific 
 knowledge. Under his revered master Aristotle, he 
 acquired much learning, and, when he ascended his 
 father’s throne, devoted his arms as much to the con- 
 quest of the then unknown realms of science as of the 
 kingdoms of the earth. His army was always accom- 
 panied by learned men, whose sole duty it was to investi- 
 gate the history, religion, and arts of the countries he 
 
 JULIUS OESAE. ALEXANDER THE GREAT. 
 
 ( From gems in the Florentine Mhiseum.') 
 
 passed through, to collect rare animals and plants, statues, 
 coins, and objects of art or curiosity to be transmitted to 
 Greece for the study of his master Aristotle. It has been 
 well said, “ If there had been no Alexander, there would 
 have been no Aristotle.” We do not laud the man who 
 sought glory by the destruction of others, but merely 
 assert that, as these acts prove, his motive to arms was 
 a high intellectual one, and consistent with the compound 
 character of his Nose. 
 
 Look at Julius Cmsar on the other hand. Under 
 similar circumstances, what was his ambition ? To make 
 himself . imperial master of Rome, and to subject his 
 fellow-citizens for his own personal aggrandizement. His 
 
OF THE EOMANO-GEEEK NOSE. 
 
 41 
 
 thoughts never extended beyond his own immediate exist- 
 ence. Posterity never entered into his calculations. Unlike 
 his successor Augustus — though he had greater facilities if 
 he had been less sensually ambitious— *he patronised no 
 art — literary or scientific. His one idea was self, without 
 one refinement or softening alloy. Granted that Alex- 
 ander's ambition was also selfish, there was yet this 
 difference between them ; the one (Cmsar) sought only 
 his present personal and sensuous profit ; the other 
 (Alexander) laboured to earn “ a name on History’s page 
 to make him ‘Great.’ ” The one was the common prose, 
 the other the epic poem. The one sacrificed his fame to 
 himself, the other himself to his fame ; and the world has 
 recognized and recorded this distinction : for while the 
 one is remembered as “ the enslaver of his country,” the 
 other is immortalized as “ the Great.” 
 
 A similar contrast "may be drawn between the characters 
 and noses of the two modern heroes, Napoleon and Wel- 
 lington. Like Alexander and Cmsar, the only point in 
 which their characters assimilate is their warrior, physical 
 energy; and this exhibits itself in whatever is Roman in 
 their Noses. In all other respects they are diametrically 
 opposite ; the Nose of Wellington being purely (almost in 
 excess) Roman; while Napoleon’s partakes largely of the 
 refining qualities of the Greek. 
 
 To describe the character of Napoleon would be to 
 repeat what we have said of Alexander ; for whether the 
 similarity was accidental, or arose from mental conformity 
 (their Noses were remarkably alike), or was intentionally imi- 
 tative on the part of the former,* it is certainly most striking. 
 
 Ambition of future fame was far more the ruling passion 
 of Napoleon than lust of present power. His mind, with 
 all its imperfections and meannesses (as whose is with- 
 out ?), was too noble to be satisfied with mere personal 
 aggrandizement. 
 
 All the great mistakes of his life were occasioned by his 
 obedience to the passion for future fame. When swayed 
 
 * If Napoleon was an imitator of Alexander, it was only another 
 point of identity between them ; for Alexander was an imitator of 
 Bacchus. 
 
42 
 
 OF THE ROMAN O-GREEK NOSE. 
 
 by the mere desire of power, all his acts were successful. 
 But when he saw all Europe (except one little pugnacious 
 island) lying helpless at his feet, he began to revolve schemes 
 which could not enhance, but might risk, his personal power. 
 Then he attempted to realize his long-eherished dream of 
 Eastern conquest — a conquest not to be held, but to be 
 overrun ; a conquest like that of Alexander, Nadir Shah, 
 or Zinghis Khan. Often did he exclaim, “ the seat of 
 all fame is the east.” To realize this empty fame, 
 he took the false step of invading Egypt. Foiled there, 
 he still hoped to penetrate Asia by land, and gathered all 
 his strength to overwhelm Russia, his last and greatest 
 error. They greatly err who think these were mere 
 schemes to keep France embroiled, lest peace should anni- 
 hilate his power. They equally err who ridicule and 
 attribute to a childish vanity his ambition to link himself 
 by marriage with the imperial families of Europe. It was 
 no childish vanity, but a politic endeavour to found a 
 dynasty, which should hand down his name as its founder 
 to the latest ages. They again who can see nothing better 
 in the melancholy spectacle of Napoleon at St. Helena, 
 engaged in falsifying records and altering figures to 
 deceive the world, than a drivelling vanity, utterly miscom- 
 prehend the man. Fame, fame to the utmost limits of 
 human duration, was to his last moment his highest 
 ambition. Foiled in everything else, he yet hoped to 
 secure fame. He knew that under his name the most 
 eventful page in the History of Europe, since the fall of 
 Rome, must be written, and he naturally desired 
 
 “ To be among the worthies of renown. 
 
 And so sit fair with fame, with glory bright.” 
 
 DANIEL. 
 
 To describe the character of Wellington, is to reverse 
 that of Napoleon. Napoleon was shrewd, artful, and 
 deceitful ; Wellington open-hearted, strong-sensed, candid, 
 and sincere. Napoleon a clever statesman; Wellington 
 obtuse in politics. Napoleon a great strategist ; Wel- 
 lington short-sighted, though daring in the field. Napo- 
 leon a lover and patron of arts ; Wellington a despiser of 
 
OF THE GREEK NOSE. 
 
 43 
 
 them. Napoleon said to be personally timid ; Wellington 
 constitutionally brave. Napoleon’s cruelties were acts of 
 cool calculation and state-policy; Wellington’s of mili tary 
 fury. Napoleon poisoned his sick troops because he did 
 not know what else to do with them, and murdered the 
 Duke d’Enghien to produce “ an effect” in Europe ; Wel- 
 lington’s cruelties were the necessary consequences of war 
 energetically carried on, and were never the result of 
 cold-blooded predetermination. # 
 
 Before closing this section, we would request the reader’s 
 attention to the strong proof of the truth of the hypo- 
 thesis derivable from the fact that like Noses, with like 
 circumstances ( cceteris paribus , as the phrenologists say), 
 produce like characters : for instance, Wolsey, Richelieu, 
 Ximenes, Lorenzo di Medici, Alfred: — Sidney, Raleigh: — 
 Alexander, Napoleon. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 OF THE GREEK NOSE. 
 
 Class II. — The Greek, or straight Nose, is perfectly straight ; any 
 deviation from a right line must be strictly noticed. If the 
 deviation tend to convexity, it approaches the Roman, and the 
 character is improved by an accession of energy; on the other 
 hand, when the deviation is towards concavity, it partakes of the 
 Celestial, and the character is weakened. It should be fine, and 
 well chiselled, but not sharp. 
 
 It indicates Refinement of character; love for the Fine Arts, and 
 Belles Lettres ; astuteness, craft, and a preference for indirect 
 rather than direct action. Its owner is not without some energy 
 in pursuit of that which is agreeable to his tastes ; but, unlike the 
 owner of the Roman Nose, he cannot exert himself in opposition 
 to his tastes. When associated with the Roman Nose, and dis- 
 tended slightly at the end by the Cogitative, it indicates the most 
 useful and intellectual of characters, and is the highest and most 
 beautiful form which the organ can assume. 
 
 This Nose, like the Roman, takes its name from the 
 people of whom it was most characteristic — physically 
 
 * It is narrated of Napoleon that he was a practical Nasologist, 
 and influenced in his choice of men by the size of their Noses. 
 
44 
 
 OF TIIE GREEK NOSE. 
 
 and mentally. On these two parallel facts (with others of a 
 like kind) much stress may be justly laid, although they are 
 old and trite. But this very triteness is the proof of their 
 truth. It proves that the hypothesis which attributes cer- 
 tain mental characteristics, well known to belong to the 
 Homans, to the Homan Nose, — and so of the Greeks to the 
 Greek Nose, and of the Jews to the Jewish Nose, — is 
 founded in nature ; and, so far from being a fanciful inven- 
 tion, is a fact long recognized, and as old as the creation of 
 the human proboscis. 
 
 Requesting the reader to bear in mind the form of the 
 Greek Nose and its indications, we would remark how 
 exactly the latter correspond with the character of the 
 ancient Greeks as a nation. It is unnecessary to expatiate 
 on their high excellence in art, their lofty philosophy, 
 their acute reasoning, or their poetical inspiration — these 
 are known to every school-boy. Their craftiness, their 
 political falsehood, and shrewd deceitfulness, were cele- 
 brated in ancient days as now, and “ Gracia, mendax ,” 
 “ Danaum insidice” were epithets as true and as com- 
 monly applied in the time of Augustus, as at the present 
 hour by modern travellers. “ Timeo Danaos et dona 
 ferentes /” exclaims the cautious Priest of Troy, referring to 
 the well-known character of the treacherous enemy. And 
 •what a contrast to anything recorded in Roman warfare 
 does the Trojan War itself exhibit ! The Romans would 
 have battered down the walls with their furious engines ; 
 the wily Greeks invent a stratagem by which the enemy 
 pull down their own walls. If we may ci’edit Homer — 
 and, if not for the facts, we may for his fine poi'traitures 
 of Grecian character — there was a vast deal more talking 
 than fighting during the ten years' siege. There was 
 plenty of the morale , but very little of the physique , as a 
 Frenchman would say. In truth, the contrast between 
 the Romans and the Greeks was as great in the latter as 
 in the former. 
 
 The Greeks were no nation of hardy warriors, though 
 
 “Give me,” said he, “ a man with a good allowance of Nose. Strange 
 as it may appear, when I want any good headwork done, I choose a 
 man — provided his education has been suitable — with a long Nose.” 
 
OF THE GREEK NOSE. 
 
 45 
 
 they were always quarrelling among themselves in petty 
 battles which have won an undeserved celebrity by the 
 talents of their historians. Were it not for the writings 
 of Thucydides, the Peloponnesian War would rank 
 no higher than the border skirmishes of the Scots and 
 Northumbrians, or the expeditions of the Sioux and 
 Pawnees. A simple geographical fact is sufficient to 
 prove this against all the moral power of the most glowing 
 and eloquent historian. Greece is about one-fourth less 
 than Scotland, and its recorded population was about the 
 same. Is it possible that, in such a corner, a war of seven- 
 and-twenty years’ duration could have been more than a 
 series of skirmishes and predatory expeditions? More 
 than that must, in a much briefer space, have annihilated 
 the whole population. More than that, and at the end of 
 twenty-seven years the States of Greece must have been 
 in the condition of the celebrated Kilkenny cats, which 
 fought till only the tip of the tail of one of them was left. 
 The battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, &c., against foreign 
 foes, rank higher, because they were fought and won under 
 a high intellectual inspiration, entirely consistent with 
 Class II. — the love of country. But with these battles 
 the war ended ; the Greeks did not, as the Romans would 
 have done, follow up the defeat of the enemy with a 
 counter-incursion into his country and an attempt at 
 foreign conquest. He was driven from their territory; 
 their hearths were secure ; their gods replaced on their 
 pedestals ; their temples re-purified, and that satisfied 
 their ambition. The Greeks made no foreign conquests ; 
 boasted no extended empire. The wars of Alexander 
 seem the only exception ; but of that Monarch himself we 
 have already treated, and of his battles it may be said, 
 that they were not fought by Peloponnesian Greeks (of 
 whom we are now speaking) but by Macedonians and 
 Asiatic mercenaries ; who were, in all probability — though 
 it would demand a volume on ethnography to prove it a 
 wholly different race. 
 
 But, if we were only prepared to substantiate our hypo- 
 thesis by these general facts of national characteristics, it 
 would be very unsatisfactory; as it is obvious that nothing 
 
46 
 
 OP THE GREEK NOSE. 
 
 could be easier than to manufacture and support a theory 
 by moulding it to a single general fact. It is by the 
 multiplicity of isolated individual cases that the hypothesis 
 must stand or fall. And we are happily in a position again 
 to adduce these in its favour. 
 
 The following persons will, on an examination of their 
 portraits, be found to have possessed Greek Noses: — 
 
 Petrarch. 
 
 Milton (in youth). 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 Boccacio. 
 
 Canova. 
 
 Baffaelle. 
 
 Claude. 
 
 Bubens. 
 
 Murillo. 
 
 Titian. 
 
 Addison. 
 
 Voltaire. 
 
 Byron. 
 
 Shelley. 
 
 It will be perceived that this list (which, like all the 
 others, might be very much extended) contains the names 
 
 EAITAELLE. 
 
 of poets and artists of the highest beauty and elegance, 
 
OF THE GREEK NOSE. 
 
 47 
 
 though not of the most intense and deepest thought. 
 Beauty is their highest excellence, their chief praise. 
 Exquisite melody, aetherial fancies, felicitous expression, a 
 fine perception of the Beautiful, as distinguished from the 
 Sublime, whether on paper or canvass, (for it is only the 
 difference in the mecanique, or vehicle of expression, which 
 constitutes the difference between the Artist and the Poet), 
 are their best attributes. Addison and Voltaire are the 
 only two of the above instances who never excelled in 
 Poetry or Art. though both assiduously courted the former 
 Muse. Nevertheless Addison is an illustrious instance in 
 our behalf. Is not the beauty , the correctness, the euphony 
 of his style still an object of emulation ? Has it not for 
 above a century been the model of good writing ? And yet 
 it is too true that nothing equally permanent can be found, 
 which is at the same time so weak and tame in thought, so 
 shallow in reasoning, or so lax in argument. In fact, it 
 owes all its permanency to its euphony, its musical har- 
 mony and exactness of expression. 
 
 The absence of a noticeable development of the Cogita- 
 tive (Class III.) accounts for the deficiency of higher qua- 
 lities in these disciples of the Beautiful. For this reason 
 the Greek nose is more interesting in its compound form, 
 
 ADDISON. 
 
 Sub-class II.thc“ Greco-Cogitative ,” than in its simple form. 
 
48 OF THE GEEEK NOSE. 
 
 Of the above instances, Voltaire is the most decidedly 
 deficient in the Cogitative, which is always essential to in- 
 dicate a capacity for the deep, close and serious thought 
 requisite to constitute a truly great and philosophic mind. 
 The angle at which his nose stood from his face was quite 
 45°, and therefore much too great to exhibit faithfully the 
 higher characteristics of the Greek. It was, moreover, 
 exceedingly deficient in the broadening property of Class 
 III ; and we presume that no one will assert that Voltaire 
 possessed “ a truly great and philosophic mind.” Surely 
 no man, who ever wrote so much, and on such varied sub- 
 jects, ever devoted less time to close intense thought. He 
 did not even stop to examine his facts ; but, having a bril- 
 liant wit and “ the pen of a ready writer,” he rapidly 
 evolved some fanciful theory, or started some fallacious 
 argument from such unauthenticated data as he happened 
 to be possessed of. All this was indicated by his sharp 
 Greek Nose ; for it was acuteness, not depth ; readiness, 
 not thought ; careless, unprincipled wit, not study ; attrac- 
 tive style, not sound matter, which earned him his short- 
 lived fame. Hence, Voltaire, though striving all his life 
 to gain the title of philosopher, never succeeded even in 
 the most unphilosophic age and country since the revival 
 of learning, and is now, we believe, wholly excluded from 
 the dignity. It has been truly and wittily said of Voltaire, 
 that “ he half knew everything, k from the cedar tree that 
 is in Lebanon, even unto the hyssop that springeth out of 
 the wall,’ and he wrote of them all, and laughed at them 
 all.” 
 
 It will be noticed that the foregoing list contains the 
 name of “ Milton, in youth.'’’ It is inserted thus, because 
 his portrait, taken cBtal. XXIII, shows that his Nose was 
 not then developed into the Cogitative form which it 
 assumed in later years, when troublous times and anxious 
 cares caused him to reflect profoundly on events around 
 him. Then it expanded at the base and became, like the 
 Noses of all the great men of those stirring times, largely 
 compounded with the Cogitative ; under the compounds of 
 which class it will again, at a later period of his life, appear. 
 Front this corresponding change in feature with change ir. 
 
01* XHE GREEK NOSE. 
 
 49 
 
 character, we might, if we thought proper, demand the 
 same proof for our system which the phrenologists demand 
 for theirs, from the gradual alteration in the skull of the boy 
 Bidder ; and though (as our system is, we conceive, better 
 based than theirs) it is unnecessary to lay as much stress upon 
 a single fact as they are compelled to do, yet we think it 
 right not to let this proof pass wholly without observation. 
 
 Having already treated at some length of the Rornano- 
 Greek Nose (Sub-class d.), it is unnecessary to enlarge 
 here upon its close ally the Greco-Roman B. Of course 
 they are somewhat similar in appearance and character ; 
 only as in every compound form, one simple one will gene- 
 rally prevail — Nature, like a bad cook, not always mixing 
 her ingredients in due proportions — it is necessary to dis- 
 tinguish them into different sub-classes. 
 
 A noticeable predominance of one form will at once in- 
 dicate to which sub-class a Nose belongs, and the character 
 will be found to be affected accordingly. Thus a Romano- 
 Greek Nose indicates a more energetic and less refined 
 character than a Greco-Roman. But these are the minu- 
 tiae of the science, with which it is not advisable at present 
 to embarrass the reader. 
 
 BK OX, 
 
50 
 
 OF THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 OF THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 Ciass III. — The Cogitative, or Wide-Nostrilled Nose, is, as its 
 secondary name imports, wide at the end, thick and broad, not 
 clubbed, but gradually widening from below the bridge. The 
 other Noses are seen in profile, but this in full face. 
 
 It indicates a Cogitative mind, having strong powers of Thought, 
 and given to close and serious Meditation. Its indications are of 
 course much dependent on the form of the Nose in profile, which 
 decides the turn the Cogitative power will take. Of course it 
 never occurs alone, and is usually associated with Classes I. and 
 II. rarely with IV., still more seldom with V. and VI. The entire 
 absence of it produces the “ sharp” Nose, which is not classified, a 
 sharpness is only a negative quality, being defect of breadth, and 
 therefore indicates defect of Cogitative power. 
 
 It is manifest that without some portion of the Cogita- 
 tive power, i. e., the capacity of concentrating the thoughts 
 earnestly and powerfully in one focus, no character can be 
 truly great. It is therefore a quality essential to high and 
 durable eminence in every department of life. It matters 
 not what a man’s natural talents may be, they will be 
 utterly useless, or worse than useless, if he has not schooled 
 his mind into habits of concentrated thought. It is the 
 want of this severe training which causes so many men of 
 fine talents to be a burden to themselves and others. How 
 frequently have we to lament the humiliating spectacle of 
 a great genius — as the phrase is — flitting about from pur- 
 suit to pursuit, without any settled end or aim ; now 
 attempting this thing, now dabbling in that; doing all 
 things tolerably well, but nothing perfectly ; aiming at 
 everything, but holding fast to nothing ; and merely from 
 want of steady settled habits of thought ! How melan- 
 choly is it to reflect that the want of self-training in early 
 life has converted the blessing of talents into a curse, and 
 
51 
 
 OF THE COGITATIVE NOSJ?. 
 
 turned the fine wheat of heaven’s planting into the rank 
 tares of Hell ! 
 
 It is from beholding this too frequent spectacle that 
 dull-pated Ignorance repeats with self-complacency the 
 trite proverb, “ Geniuses rarely do any good for them- 
 selves,” professes to despise the talents in which he is 
 consciously deficient, and thanks God that He has not made 
 him a genius. 
 
 Begone, thou muddle-pated imbecile ! and learn that it 
 is not his genius which has made him what he is, but the 
 want of that in which you equally fail — self- training. 
 Instead of idly despising the noblest gifts of Heaven, 
 strive, from his example, to avoid the rock on which he 
 has split, and endeavour, by stern, close, severe mental 
 discipline, to elevate yourself to a fractional part of the 
 high estate from which he has fallen. Pull him not down 
 to your debasement, but soar upward towards the eminence 
 which he has voluntarily (alas !) abandoned ; well assured 
 that though you may never reach it, your labour will not 
 have been in vain, but that you may yet place yourself 
 far above the level of the common despisers of genius. 
 
 But to our subject — the Cogitative Nose. This Nose 
 long puzzled us. We found it among men of all pursuits, 
 from the warrior to the peaceful theologian. Noticing 
 it more particularly among the latter, we were at one 
 time inclined to call it the religious Nose ; but further 
 observation convincing us that that term was too limited, 
 we were compelled to abandon it. We were next, from 
 seeing it frequent among scientific men, disposed to call 
 it the philosophic Nose ; but this was found to be too 
 confined also, as, in the modern acceptation of the term, 
 it seemed to exclude the theologians, and we moreover 
 traced it accompanying other and very different conditions 
 of mind. It soon became manifest, however, that it was 
 noticeable only among very first-rate men (men of the very 
 highest excellence in their several departments), and that 
 search must be made for some common property of mind 
 which how r ever directed by other causes, would always lead 
 to eminence. It appeared to us that this property was deep, 
 close Meditation, intense concentrated Thought, eminently 
 
 E 2 
 
52 
 
 OF THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 “ cogitative” in fact ; and. therefore, we adopted this term, 
 which permits to have included in it all serious thinkers, 
 whatever the subject of their cogitations. 
 
 It would be wrong to regard it as a mere coincidence, 
 that, after having from deduction a posteriori learnt that 
 this common property is exhibited in the breadth of the 
 Nose, we find that if we were, d priori , to consider in 
 which part of the Nose a common property was to be looked 
 for, we must decide it to be in the breadth, for the profile 
 is already in every part mapped out and appropriated to 
 special properties. 
 
 May we not hail this as one of the beautiful harmonious 
 truths which spring up from time to time, the deeper the 
 subject is investigated, to attest the accuracy of the sys- 
 tem 1 for where by a careful deduction, a posteriori, we 
 discover the common property is, there, d priori, we per- 
 ceive it must be in order to act in concert with the special 
 properties exhibited by the profile. 
 
 To entitle a Nose to rank among the Cogitatives, it 
 should be above the medium between the very full broad 
 Nose, and the very sharp thin Nose. The observation is 
 to be confined to the parts below the bridge ; what may 
 be the properties of breadth above the bridge we have not 
 at present observed satisfactorily. It may be remarked as 
 a general rule, that the further a Nose recedes from sharp- 
 ness the better. 
 
 We have said that minds of every bias are found accom- 
 panying Cogitative Noses, and this necessarily ; for the 
 tendency of the cogitations will be determined by the pro- 
 file. Thus the Cogitative acts in concert with the other 
 Noses, making useful those qualities which would, other- 
 wise, for ever slumber unknown. The very best Nose in 
 profile may be utterly worthless from defect of breadth ; 
 for, as before observed, no talent is of any use without 
 Cogitative power ; and every Nose, having breadth as well 
 as length (profile), must be submitted to the test of this 
 Class before a judgment is pronounced upon it. Being, 
 however, anxious to simplify the subject, we have not, in 
 our notices of Classes I. and II., remarked specially on the 
 Cogitative part of their formation, and have reserved until 
 
OF THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 53 
 
 this chapter the instances of those Classes partaking largely 
 of Class III. 
 
 In the present brief sketch of the science, however, we 
 shall not attempt to distinguish our instances under the 
 heads of distinct profiles, as, Romano-Cogitative, Greco- 
 Cogitative, &c. ; but class together all the compounds par- 
 taking sufficiently of the Cogitative form to entitle them 
 to a place among Cogitative Noses. 
 
 The following persons have Noses which largely partake 
 of this important formation : — 
 
 THEOLOGIANS. 
 
 SCIENTIFIC MEN. 
 
 IAWYEBS. 
 
 Wicliff. 
 
 Hunter. 
 
 Erskine. 
 
 Luther. 
 
 Jennet. 
 
 Blackstone. 
 
 Craumer. 
 
 Galileo. 
 
 Mansfield. 
 
 Knox. 
 
 Dollond. 
 
 Hale. 
 
 Tyndale. 
 
 Caxton. 
 
 Coke. 
 
 Fuller. 
 
 Bacon. 
 
 Somers. 
 
 Hall, Bishop 
 
 Whiston. 
 
 
 Tillotson. 
 
 Delambre. 
 
 ABTISTS. 
 
 Baxter. 
 
 Wollaston. 
 
 Angelo, Michael 
 
 Bunyan. 
 
 Smeaton. 
 
 Hogarth. 
 
 Hooker. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 
 Taylor, Jeremy 
 
 Halley. 
 
 
 South. 
 
 Banks, Sir Joseph 
 
 
 Warburton. 
 
 Watt 
 
 
 Paley 
 
 Cartwright. 
 
 
 Stillingfleet. 
 
 Cuvier. 
 
 
 Chalmers. 
 
 Descartes. 
 
 
 Priestley. 
 
 Humboldt, Alex. Von 
 
 
 Wesley. 
 
 
 
 Hall, Robert 
 
 
 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 
 POETS. 
 
 AND 
 
 HISTOBIANS. 
 
 
 METAPHYSICIANS. 
 
 
 Homer. 
 
 Cromwell, 0. 
 
 Selden. 
 
 Chaucer. 
 
 Grotius. 
 
 Camden. 
 
 Tasso. 
 
 Burke. 
 
 Usher, Archbishop 
 
 Jonson, Ben 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Shakspere. 
 
 Johnson, Dr# S. 
 
 Burnet, Bishop 
 
o4 
 
 OF THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 POETS. 
 
 Milton (in age). 
 Moli&re. 
 
 Goethe. 
 Wordsworth. 
 Mrs. Hemans. 
 Burns. 
 
 STATESMEN 
 
 AND 
 
 METAPHYSICIANS. 
 Mackintosh, Sir J. 
 Walpole. 
 
 Colbert. 
 
 Talleyrand. 
 
 Box. 
 
 Coleridge. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 Hobbes. 
 
 1 DeWitt. 
 
 HISTORIANS, 
 
 Buchanan. 
 
 Hume. 
 
 Robertson, 
 
 HOOKER. 
 
 In the above instances every one is compounded with 
 Class I, or II, or both ; and would be written — , orR, 
 or or accor( iing to the class or sub-class of 
 
 profile to which it might belong. 
 
 The list given is more extensive than usual ; yet it 
 might be much extended, and should comprise all the 
 greatest names in Theology, Science, and Art. 
 
 It has been said, that “ the form of the Nose in profile, 
 decides the turn which the Cogitative power will take.” 
 Thus the Romano-Cogitative will prefer to exercise its 
 cogitativeness in the bustle of active life, and Washington 
 and Cromwell present remarkable proofs of the truth of 
 this assertion. Another striking instance is the ener- 
 
OF THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 55 
 
 getic and fervent John Knox, who bearded monarchs on 
 their thrones, and lawless nobles in their strongholds. 
 
 But we must again guard the reader against the assump- 
 tion that energy of character can only be displayed in 
 physical action. 
 
 The energy of the Romano-Cogitative may display itself 
 in a vigorous and nervous style of literary composition, 
 and so be distinguished from the beauty and euphony indi- 
 cated by the Greco-Cogitative. The former will disregard 
 style, if it interfere with the force and power of expression, 
 or weakens the vigour and terseness of an important para- 
 graph ; while the latter will labour and polish his style 
 till the sense is almost obliterated, and little remains but a 
 beautiful and melodious sound. 
 
 Luthek, whose Nose was highly Roman, is an illus- 
 trious example that Power and Energy may be displayed 
 otherwise than in physical action, and many other exam- 
 ples might be cited, were it necessary to substantiate a 
 proposition which every reader may confirm for himselr 
 by examination of any accurately illustrated General Bio- 
 graphy. But we cite Luther, because he presents a con- 
 trast, both in feature and mind, to many other men of the 
 same nation, warm friends, ardently embarked in the same 
 cause, impressed with the same truths, and equally desi- 
 rous to propagate them for the enlightenment and salvation 
 of their fellow-men. 
 
 In Luther we behold a man of intense Energy and 
 undaunted Firmness ; bold, forward, ever rushing into 
 action ; attacking Falsehood everywhere ; volunteering his 
 theses; challenging disputation; ever in wars of words, 
 regardless of danger ; fearless of death, imprisonment, or 
 torture; reckless whom he offended— rather seeking to 
 offend — careless of other’s feelings; coarse, violent, and 
 repulsive in language ; indifferent in what terms he pro- 
 pounded truth or exposed error. Thus did the intense 
 Energy, prompt Decision, and immovable Firmness, with 
 the coarseness and disregard to his own and others’ physi- 
 cal welfare, indicated by his Roman Nose, display them- 
 selves in Luther, to his own detriment, the sorrow of his 
 friends, the loss of many adherents, and the still-continued 
 
56 
 
 or THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 scoffs of the enemies and the censure of the friends of the 
 liefcrmation. 
 
 In contrast with the fully-developed Cogitativeness of 
 the Noses of Luther, Wickliff, Cranmer, and other leaders 
 in the Reformation, may be placed the Nose of a man who 
 was called to take a prominent part in the same movement, 
 but whose deficiency in thoughtfulness and serious deter- 
 mination paralyzed his usefulness, and flung him back into 
 the abyss of Romanism, from which his soul naturally 
 revolted. We allude to Erasmus. His nose was a sharp 
 Greek nose, indicative of the refinement and delicacy of 
 mind which made him a Reformer in heart, and of the 
 want of cogitative power which disabled him from jo inin g 
 the good cause when adherence to it called for serious 
 enterprise and thoughtful energy. He was content to be 
 a Reformer in heart only, and thus became the lukewarm 
 enemy of both Romanists and Protestants. He lashed the 
 vices and follies of the monks in sharp satires; but he 
 shrunk from interference when the intensely energetic and 
 Roman-Nosed Luther would have annihilated them. 
 
 The historian of the Reformation thus describes him.* 
 “ In the result Erasmus knew not on which side to range 
 himself. None pleased him, and he dreaded all. 4 It is 
 dangerous to speak,’ said he, 4 and dangerous to be silent.’ 
 In all great religious movements there are such undecided 
 characters — respectable in some things, but hindering the 
 truth, and who, from a desire to displease no one, displease 
 all.” Erasmus, though a clever and learned man, lacked 
 the wisdom and sagacity necessary to penetrate the future. 
 He could criticize a Greek historian, and correct the Greek 
 Testament, but he could not discern the signs of the 
 times. Timid and retiring by nature, he feared to fail in 
 the contest with the spirits of darkness ; he had no con- 
 fidence in the righteousness of the cause of the Reforma- 
 tion, and, knowing his constitutional weakness, shrunk 
 from the penalties of failure. A sagacity and power of 
 penetration equal to that of his more cogitative brother- 
 Reformers would have cured his cowardice by shewing 
 him its causelessness. Luther, on the other hand, feared 
 * D’Aubigne’s History of the Reformation, B. L 
 
OF THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 57 
 
 nothing ; he knew that the truth, if energetically urged, 
 must prevail, — though it would be crushed, if permitted 
 to lie quietly dormant. Truth will not conquer of its own 
 force ; it must be promulgated, insisted on, and brought 
 borne to men’s minds. They will not seek it, preferring 
 rather to enjoy the peaceable stagnation of error. While 
 Luther was respected and admired even by his bitterest 
 enemies, Erasmus was despised by all parties. His vacil- 
 lation was aptly hit off by a cotemporary, who, in one of 
 his works depicting two heavens, the Papal and the Chris- 
 tian, says, “ I find Erasmus in neither ; but perceive him 
 incessantly wheeling, in never-ending eddies between 
 both.” Certainly a fitting destination for the man who 
 advises his friend to dissemble his opinions, as a certain 
 dying man eluded the devil. The devil asked him what 
 he believed ? The dying man, fearing to be surprised into 
 some heresy, answered, “ What the Church believes.” 
 “What does the Church believe?” persisted his Satanic 
 enemy. “What I believe,” replied the cautious man. 
 Again, the devil, “ And what do you believe?” “What 
 the Church believes.” Whereupon the devil, being unable 
 to convict him of lax Churchism, left him to the mercy of 
 the Pope, who, he knew, would deal with him after his — 
 gifts for pious uses. 
 
 If the pencil of the Artist be the adopted vehicle of 
 thought, the natural differences of character will be equally 
 betrayed. Thus the Romano-Cogitative Michael Angelo 
 exhibited the thoughtful energy of his mind in a fervid 
 and exaggerated opinion of the fiercest passions, and de- 
 lighted in representations — not always the most refined — • 
 of scenes from which most minds revolt, to which he even 
 added a horror all his own. The exaggerated action and 
 muscular development of Michael Angelo’s figures, the 
 gigantic scale on which he preferred to draw them, and 
 the stupendous works which he unhesitatingly undertook, 
 betray an energetic and coarse mind, quite accordant with 
 his Roman profile. The Greek-Nosed Raffaelle, on the 
 other hand, paid exclusive attention to beauty of form, 
 and the pourtraying of the gentler and more amiable sen- 
 timents, especially of the female character. He was never 
 
58 
 
 OF THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 betrayed into any extravagancies of action or passion ; but 
 delighted to dwell on the peaceful holiness and gentle sen- 
 timent of the Virgin Mother and the Infant Jesus, or the 
 graceful virtues of the female saints. 
 
 The major part of our illustrations being taken from 
 purely literary men, present Greco-Cogitative Noses. It 
 is not our intention to descant at length on persons whose 
 works are well known, by name at least, to every one, 
 and whose lives were, for the most part, passed in the 
 usual monotonous tenour of those of literary men; but 
 Bacon may be referred to as an important corroborative 
 
 HOBBES. 
 
 instance of the shrewd, wily measures by which the astute 
 Greek prefers to further his ambition. Bacon as a man 
 presents such a lamentable contrast to Bacon as a philo- 
 sopher, and the wretched underhand means by which he 
 attained eminence are so well known, and so painful to 
 dwell upon, that we refrain from doing more than refer- 
 ring the reader to the facts for comparison with his profile. 
 Wretchedly inconsistent as his character appears, it is 
 not inconsistent with his Nose ; and, perhaps, what are 
 termed his inconsistencies, are only a proof that the intel- 
 lectual and moral powers are distinct, and that the most 
 profuse development of the former, cannot compensate for 
 a deficiency of the latter. 
 
 It is. unnecessary to dissertate upon the names in the 
 
or THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 59 
 
 present list in order to demonstrate their right to appear 
 among the Cogitatives. No one will deny their title to 
 that most enviable epithet, and it would be by portraits 
 alone that the identity between their minds and noses 
 could be 'exhibited to any who are incredulous on that 
 subject. To such we can only say, examine for yourselves; 
 the portraits are, for the most part, easily attainable ; and 
 an attentive examination of them will well repay the 
 labour, and, without doubt, satisfy the most sceptical of 
 the truth of the hypothesis. 
 
 The names on that list are, for the most part, names 
 which are a volume in themselves : they write their own 
 history ; certainly no encomiums of ours can add anything 
 to their glory. It is undeniable that it was by close 
 cogitation, serious, hard thinking, that each of them 
 obtained a place in the rolls of Fame ; and it is equally 
 certain that almost every person may, by the same process 
 obtain, if not an equal, yet certainly no mean place in 
 the same estimable record. 
 
 It is a common and veracious observation, that certain 
 faces prevail in certain ages ; but it may be further 
 added, that this epochal character frequently arises from 
 the formation of the Nose, more especially of the Cogi- 
 tative part. 
 
 Up to about the close of the reign of James I. the 
 Greco-Cogitative prevailed ; during the time of Charles I. 
 and the Protectorate, the Romano- Cogitative was almost 
 universal, and the Cogitative part was much increased iD 
 intensity. The Noses of the time are remarkably broad 
 and thick, a circumstance which can only be attributed 
 to the serious religious and political questions which then 
 agitated the minds of all men. With the careless dissi- 
 pated days of the second Charles came in the thin, long 
 Greek, or Greco-Roman Nose, with little or none of the 
 Cogitative element ; and this for the most part prevailed 
 up to the commencement of the present century. What 
 future ages may determine to be the form of Nose charac- 
 teristic of our age it is impossible to say. We can foim 
 no accurate judgment, for time alone can separate the 
 
60 
 
 OF THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 tares from the wheat, and decide who are the great men 
 of our age. 
 
 To an observant mind there is something very remarkable 
 in the striking contrast between the physiognomies of the 
 leaders in our own Rebellion (as it is historically termed) 
 and of those of the French revolutionists. Besides a 
 certain serious determination, a stem, unflinching, dogged 
 consciousness of right, that nothing could turn to the right 
 hand or to the left, which is visible in the countenances 
 of the former, and to be contrasted with the flippant, 
 wicked, blood-thirsty-looking smirk of the latter, there 
 is a remarkable contrast in their Noses. The thick, broad, 
 Cogitative Nose is visible in all of the former, from Old 
 Noll himself to honest Andrew Marvel ; while the void 
 of thought, sharp, captious, vulpine Nose is to be seen 
 in every one of the bloody tyrants of the French sans - 
 culotterie. 
 
 The latter look like men who 
 
 “ Could smile, and murder while they smile.” 
 
 The former like men w'ho 
 
 “ Put their trust in God, and keep their powder dry.” 
 
 Wordsworth has so splendidly and truly contrasted the 
 men of either age that we cannot resist inserting his 
 lines entire : 
 
 “ Great men have been among us ; hands that penned 
 And tongues that uttered wisdom — better none ; 
 
 The later Sydney, Marvel, Harrington, 
 
 Young Vane, and others who called Milton friend. 
 
 These moralists could act and comprehend ; 
 
 They .knew how genuine glory was put on ; 
 
 Taught us how rightfully a nation shone 
 In splendour ; what strength was, that would not ben 
 But in magnanimous meekness. France, ’tis strange. 
 
 Hath brought forth no such souls as we had then. 
 
 Perpetual emptiness ! unceasing change ! 
 
 No single volume paramount, no code. 
 
 No master-spirit, no determined road ; — 
 
 But equally a want of Books and Men I” 
 
 In the fifth line, “ These moralists could act and com - 
 
OP THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 61 
 
 prehend we have a beautiful and exact paraphrase of 
 the Romano-Cogitative, which we noticed as characteristic 
 of the Cromwellian age — the union of physical energy 
 with mental power. 
 
 It was a remark which we heard made some thirty 
 years ago, by a very observant man, that there was a 
 wonderful identity of expression in the countenances of 
 all the men of the French Revolution, and that the same 
 peculiar expression is to be seen in the faces of the 
 conspirators of the Gunpowder Plot. Subsequent per- 
 sonal observation has confirmed this remark, of which it 
 is a curious and recent corroboration, that the same 
 expression is visible in the countenances of some of the 
 leading Terrorists of the late French Revolution.*' The 
 countenance of “ bloody Mary” is an instance of the same 
 peculiar expression. 
 
 The old gentleman who made the remark which drew 
 our infantine attention added, (and it was this perhaps 
 which impressed it upon our memory) that there was 
 “ blood ” written in all their faces. 
 
 We cannot improve upon this definition, though in 
 one word, it might also be called a ivolfish look — lean, 
 cruel, hungry, grinning. 
 
 When treating of the Greek Nose, we stated that the 
 Nose of Milton expanded into the Cogitative form when, 
 in the latter part of his life, he was compelled to turn 
 his thoughts anxiously and seriously to the condition of 
 his unhappy country, and when, with a holy and unswerving 
 determination he devoted his whole soul to the compo- 
 sition of a poem, whose fame should be co-extensive with 
 the world whose creation it described. We then claimed 
 this instance of change of form coincident with change of 
 character, as a proof of the correctness of the hypothesis. 
 It was however a superfluous precaution, for the coincident 
 change is equally true in almost every instance of the 
 Cogitative Nose. No man can alter the profile of his 
 Nose, but he may increase its latitudinal diameter. As 
 
 * The physiognomy of M. Ledru-Rollin, the Communist leader, is 
 said, by an eye-witness, to be “ without one redeeming quality- 
 insolent, conceited, reckless, headstrong, cruel.” 
 
62 
 
 OF THE COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 to the former, he must submit to have it what shape God 
 pleases ; as to the latter, he may make it almost any shape 
 he himself pleases — for the one indicates acquired habits, 
 the other inherent properties. 
 
 The Cogitative Nose expands with expanding thoughts 
 and is therefore rarely, if ever, much developed in youth ; 
 neither, on the other hand, is the very sharp or Non- 
 cogitative Nose frequently visible in early life, for there 
 are few to whom God has not given the elements of 
 thought. It is our own faults, therefore, if we throw away 
 the talents bestowed upon us, and suffer our minds to 
 degenerate into inanity and our Noses into sharpness. 
 
 For this reason, it is a laudable ambition in a young 
 man to cultivate a Cogitative Nose, for he can only do so 
 by cultivating his mind. And, forasmuch as it is the only 
 part of the Nose which is under the eontroul of the owner, 
 so it is that which can be most distinctly judged of and its 
 expansion watched ; for, though the owner can never see 
 the perfect profile of his Nose, he may always form a 
 correct estimate of its breadth. We should be quite 
 justified in adding this to the numerous proofs of design 
 in the adaptation of the human body to the soul, but as 
 many persons cannot surmount a certain sense of the 
 ridiculous in the subject before us, we forbear. Those 
 who are impressed with the truth of our system, will at 
 once admit the inference, and perceive its value in Natural 
 Theology A' 
 
 As it has been deemed unnecessary to extend the pre- 
 sent chapter with any biographical or critical sketches of 
 the examples adduced in corroboration of Class III, we 
 will devote the next to the more useful task of inquiring 
 how a Cogitative Mind and its certain accompaniment, a 
 Cogitative Nose, may be acquired. 
 
 * We trust no one will misunderstand these observations, but give 
 us credit for making them sincerely and with all reverence ; firmly 
 convinced as we are, that if the system is true, it must, like all other 
 sciences, furnish its quota of proofs of design in the universe. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 It is a great and prevalent mistake to imagine that a 
 Cogitative mind (and Nose) is to be acquired by reading 
 alone. It is almost certain that, as books multiply, Cogi- 
 tative Minds decrease, for how is a man to think, if all his 
 flunking is done for him ? The mind, when constantly 
 supplied with extraneous thoughts must, without great 
 care, lose the habit of generating internal ones. All the 
 greatest thinkers have been the first in their department 
 of thought. Homer, Dante, Chaucer, Shakspere, Bacon, 
 &c. These men, as compared with even mediocre men in 
 our day, had very little learning, — but they had vast 
 wisdom. 
 
 Read Bacon’s Novum Organum and Sylva for instance, 
 and see how few facts there are in them but such as are 
 either now known to, or laughed at, by every school-boy ; 
 yet direct your attention to the train of thought, to the 
 generalizations from these simple facts, to the originality 
 of the deductions, and behold how the dwarf in Knowledge 
 becomes a giant in Wisdom ! It is even true that Bacon 
 was behind his cotemporaries in many matters of mere 
 knowledge; yet the majesty of his wisdom was so vast 
 that it still rules, and ever must rule, the world of science. 
 
 So, as on the one hand, a man may have wisdom and 
 yet want knowledge; on the other, he may have all 
 knowledge and be able to discourse of all things, from 
 the hyssop to the cedar, and yet want wisdom. It is 
 of no use to read and accumulate facts if we do not also 
 think. Better indeed to think and never read, than read 
 and not think. If a man does not think for himself, if he 
 does not originate ideas, if books are not to him only the 
 dements of thought, if he is not fully and immoveably 
 impressed with the conviction that two and two make five, 
 or any greater number which the Cogitative Mind can 
 
64 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 evolve, he has no chance of becoming a wise man, what- 
 ever his learning, and however profound his acquaintance 
 with the thoughts of other men. 
 
 But you reply, two and two do not, and cannot make 
 five, &c. We rejoin, they as certainly and unquestionably 
 do in metaphysics, as they certainly and unquestionably 
 do not in physics. True, in physics, two and two things, 
 two and two facts make four, and only four; but if the 
 mind, when in possession of those four, can generate 
 nothing more from them, it is a hopeless case with that 
 mind. If, upon the recipience of such four facts the mind 
 remains contented with the arithmetical fact that, from 
 four units it has segregated four, it is, and for ever will, 
 remain stationary ; it has gained nothing, and might as 
 well have left those four facts in their original units, for 
 their addition has not added to it one particle of wisdom. 
 
 Facts are, or ought to be, only the generators of ideas. 
 Facts in themselves are utterly worthless ; it is in their asso- 
 ciations, in their consequences, their bearings on each other; 
 it is as they support or refute systems, theories and other 
 mind-born facts, that they are of value. Now, it is only 
 by the action of mind upon them that they have associa- 
 tions, consequences, &c. Without mind, facts must for ever 
 remain units ; even though added together, ad infinitum , , 
 they have no natural co-unity, no cohesion, no affinity for 
 each other. A thousand facts added together are still but 
 a thousand units, unless mind has cohered them into a 
 system. This done, you clearly have the thousand facts 
 still, but you have also something infinitely more valuable, 
 you have a mind-born fact, a deduction, a system, hypo- 
 thesis, theory, axiom, or whatever you please to call it. 
 
 Cordially as we hate coining new words, we still more 
 cordially hate the German fashion of hooking together 
 two vernacular words and calling the junction an addition 
 to the language. But we are compelled, in order to save 
 circumlocution, to coin a word to express those facts which 
 spring from Mind, whether, as in moral philosophy, purely 
 metaphysical, or as in natural philosophy, generated by 
 Mind from Matter, by Reason from Experience. Such 
 facts we would beg to call noogenisms [voos, mens , coyi- 
 tatio, and ycvos f natus, progenies ); therein including all 
 
HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 65 
 
 mental offsprings or deductions, whether called hypothe- 
 ses, theories, systems, sciences, axioms, aphorisms, &c. 
 
 Noogenisms, therefore, are those facts which mind gene- 
 rates from other facts without annihilating the latter; 
 hence it is said that, metaphysically, two and two make 
 five. Thus, mind, contemplating the physical facts of the 
 super-position of strata, deduces from and adds to them 
 this metaphysical fact or noogenism ; — Strata were depo- 
 sited successively. 
 
 Herein appears too an essential difference between 
 Mind and Matter. If diverse substances, having a natural 
 affinity, be amalgamated, a new substance is obtained, but 
 the elements are lost. Of hydrogen and oxygen water 
 maybe made, but the gases are forthwith lost in the fluid; 
 the procedure may be reversed and the water be converted 
 into gases, but the water has disappeared. This is not so 
 with mind and noogenisms; for however closely, by a 
 mental synthesis, divers facts may be united into a new 
 fact or noogenism, the latter is obtained without losing 
 the former or elementary facts, which remain as Know- 
 ledge, elements of Wisdom, to support the noogenism or 
 create others. 
 
 We see then, that while Mind is creseive. Matter is not. 
 Matter is neither creseive nor decrescive. It may be 
 changed into divers forms, animal, vegetable, or mineral, 
 but it never can be varied in quantity. The six feet of 
 animated clay dies, it rots in the silent tomb ; years pass 
 by. The hand of affection which protected the loathsome, 
 yet — for the once animating spirit’s sake — beloved, re- 
 mains is cold and rotted too. The sepulchre, so long for- 
 gotten and deserted, again becomes of interest to the 
 brother of the hysena and the resurrectionist — the anti- 
 quarian. He, in his cool, business-like phraseology, opens 
 a barrow or exhumes a tomb, and finds — what ? A pound 
 of dust! The sole visible remains of a gigantic hero or a 
 stalwmrt king. Yet is not one particle of that ancient 
 demigod perished. Every atom is, in some shape or other, 
 in the universe. Some atoms may “ have gone a pas- 
 sage through the guts of a beggar,” and so have nurtured 
 
 F 
 
66 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 another human form ; some may have stopped a beer- 
 barrel and so 
 
 “ Imperious Caesar dead, and turned to clay. 
 
 Might stop a hole to keep the wind away.” 
 
 The theory of the metempsychosis is true of mdtter; 
 and as the ancient sages believed the soul to be material, 
 that theory, so far from being violently absurd (as we in 
 the pride of better knowledge are apt to term it), was 
 almost the only theory which the thinking and observant 
 mind could of itself elaborate. Hence the adoption of that 
 system by far-distant nations is no proof of inter-commu- 
 nication. What the Brahmin in India found a natural 
 result of the doctrine of the materiality of the soul and its 
 consequent analogy to everything else material, the Druid 
 in Britain would arrive at with equal ease. 
 
 But Mind is both crescive and decrescive ; and it is 
 another peculiar property of Mind, that it is never sta- 
 tionary, — it is always changing, increasing or decreasing. 
 This is an important consideration; a fearful responsi- 
 bility cast upon it. If the one talent (and God has so 
 benignly ordered it, that no sane, and therefore responsible, 
 mind is devoid of at least one talent,) is hid in a napkin, 
 the servant is condemned and his talent taken from him. 
 But if the talent is put out to use, it will increase and 
 grow, and make other talents, and the lord of that servant 
 will receive his own again with usury. lor, having 
 endowed man with this crescive power, He justly demands 
 that power to be exercised and the mind to be enlarged 
 and expanded “ by every one according to his several 
 ability,” so that He may reap the harvest which his well- 
 rewarded servants have gathered in, “ reaping where He 
 hath not sown, and gathering where He hath not strewed.” 
 
 The very cause of this crescive power of mind is, that 
 the sum of the units aggregated by mind is greater than 
 the arithmetical sum of the units ; and the cause of this 
 is, that facts, the elements of noogenisms, are not, like 
 chemical elements, lost in the fact compounded from them, 
 but retain likewise a separate, independent existence, 
 
HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 67 
 
 capable of being again compounded into other noogenis ms , 
 and still ever without losing their original forms. 
 
 It will now be understood what is meant by two and 
 two making five, &c. ; and until a man is incontrovertibly 
 convinced of the possibility of this he will in vain multiply 
 facts. Facts must be added together, not for their arith- 
 metical product, which is Knowledge, but for their meta- 
 physical product, which is Wisdom. You will frequently 
 hear asked by utilitarians, what is the use (cm bono ?\ of 
 such and such Knowledge ? Remember that the use of all 
 Knowledge is to feed the mind and to generate Wisdom, 
 and you will always have this ready and sufficient reply, 
 “ It is food for thought.” 
 
 And here it may not be out of place to endeavour to 
 point out by an example the difference between knowledge 
 and wisdom, and at the same time elucidate more clearly 
 how the former is to be made subservient to and the 
 genetrix of the latter. We observe that a certain quartz- 
 stone is round. We have learnt two facts, the nature and 
 form of the stone. Now what is the value of those facts 
 per se ? The recipience of them has increased our know- 
 ledge , but is the mind strengthened or rendered one jot 
 wiser? We trow not. But as a key or foundation to an 
 aqueous theory of geology they are almost infinitely im- 
 portant. The Cogitative Mind perceives that the round 
 stone must have once been an angular fragment broken off 
 from some rock of quartz, and asks, “ How came it broken 
 off? and how came it round?” The answers are a whole 
 system of geology ; nay, perhaps an entire system of the 
 universe a noogenism of the sublimest kind.* Have not 
 these facts generated ? Is it not clear that, if the physical 
 units had remained metaphysical units they would have 
 
 * The use of this word would often save the quibble, whether a 
 system is entitled to be called a science, or only a theory or hypo- 
 thesis. Thus both the advocates and the opponents of phrenology or 
 geology might agree to call them noogenisms. For this reason we 
 apply the word here to geology, which some persons assert to be more 
 than a mere hypothesis, while others deny its claim to be called a 
 science. At present we claim for Nasology no higher title than that 
 of a mental deduction from facts or noogenism. 
 
 E 2 
 
68 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 been valueless ? but being submitted to the powerful 
 energy of intense thought they become the jiarents of a 
 noogenism, into which “ the angels desired to look,” and 
 at the first dawn of which, from the primaeval chaos, “ the 
 morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God 
 shouted for joy.” 
 
 Neither is this instance fanciful ; for, while we write, it 
 reminds us that this identical simple fact, — a round pebble 
 on a common, — appeared to Paley to be one from which 
 the mind could evolve nothing, and therefore he contrasted 
 it with a watch, whose mechanism led the mind to theorize 
 on its causes and origin ; whereas, a recent commentator 
 thereon justly observes, that the stone was as fertile a 
 source of cogitation and as able a guide “ from Nature 
 up to Nature’s God,” as the watch was from itself to its 
 maker. 
 
 From this example let us take ■warning, that facts be not 
 to us nothing more than round stones. Let us be careful 
 never to let our minds rest content with the mere accu- 
 mulation of facts, but ever strive to build them up into 
 something more useful and ennobling. Let us use them 
 as bricks — mere logs of burnt clay in themselves, but fit 
 to build glorious monuments of the sublime power of 
 human invention. Let us remember that Ideas are the 
 only things of real permanent value in this world ; and 
 that, though we may store our brain with Facts till our 
 heads burst, unless those facts are to us only generators of 
 Ideas, we have not, and cannot acquire a Cogitative mind ; 
 we may have Knowledge, but we have not Wisdom. A 
 wise man hath wisely said, that “ the wise man is” — not 
 he who knoweth things, but — “ He who knoweth the inter- 
 pretation of a thing” \_Eccles. viii. 21]; and for this 
 purpose only it is that, “ Wise men lay up knowledge” 
 \_Prov. x. 14]. for “Wisdom finds out knowledge of witty 
 inventions” \_Prov. viii. 12]. 
 
 In order to effectually discipline the mind to attentive 
 study, and to save it from the strong temptation which is 
 offered to desultory reading, it is advisable for the adult 
 and partially educated student 'io form an hypothesis and 
 read up to it. To reverse, in fact, the Baconian principles 
 
HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE HOSE. 
 
 69 
 
 of philosophy, and to study from hypothesis to facts, and 
 not from facts to hypothesis. This is, it is true, opposed 
 to modern philosophical principles, but properly modified 
 and carefully guarded against self-conceit and dogmatism, 
 it is almost the only proper and effective mode of study. 
 It is the ancient or Aristotelian mode ; and though, when 
 refuted by Bacon, as a mode of “ discovering the sciences,” 
 it had become shamefully abused and degenerate, it has 
 produced more great original thinxers than the modern. 
 Observe, that we recommend it only as a mode of study , 
 i. e., of disciplining and exercising the mind, for beyond 
 the purpose of training it should not be pursued. It is 
 too dangerous to be prosecuted far, for the mind which has 
 long formed and nursed up a favourite hypothesis is un- 
 willing to abandon it, and is too apt to force all facts into 
 accordance with it, instead of modifying or abandoning it 
 as new facts arise.* 
 
 But the great advantages of this plan, as a training 
 process, would appear to be — 1st. That the mind being 
 thus occupied with an hypothesis has always that to direct 
 its researches in a settled, uniform, and definite course. 
 2nd. That every new fact accumulated is immediately 
 compared with the hypothesis, and is incorporated or 
 written off as contra , after this mental exercise, as occa- 
 sion may require. Thus no fact ever comes into the mind 
 without being subjected to thought and giving exercise to 
 the important faculty of comparison. And this process of 
 comparing, to which every fact must be subjected, will not 
 only impress the fact and its comparatives on the memory, 
 but will powerfully tend to exercise and strengthen the 
 Cogitative powers ; for there is no operation of mind which 
 more actively calls into energy all the faculties at once 
 than comparing, because to compare two things fairly we 
 must (so to speak) know the length, breadth, depth, 
 density and powers of each. 3rd. A steady habit of 
 reading is acquired ; we read with a definite aim — the 
 establishment or refutation (we ought not to care which) 
 of our hypothesis, and, however wide and discursive our 
 reading, there is little danger of its becoming desultory — 
 * Longum, difficile est deponere araorem. 
 
70 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE 
 
 that curse and bane of modern mind. The Baconian pro- 
 cess of accumulating facts before hypothesising, almost 
 demands desultory reading, for the mind sees no fixed end 
 towards which it shall arrive ; it is not permitted to guess 
 what may be the result of its studies, and hence too often 
 loses all interest in them, and remains content \yith the 
 barren accumulation of things. 
 
 What we would suggest may be thus illustrated : Let a 
 man, intending to study history, first adopt an hypothesis 
 — of course he must have some pre-knowledge. It matters 
 not what the hypothesis, so that it is likely to involve a 
 very wide field of inquiry. If he contemplate primaeval 
 history, let him adopt some such proposition as this, 
 “ Whether we can infer from the institutions of mankind 
 that they all spring from one common ancestor ?” Or 
 this, “ Whether any nation whose national records have 
 been preserved were the first owners of the soil ?” 
 
 Is it not obvious, that with some such proposition before 
 the mind it will take much more interest in and more 
 steadily direct its studies, and that facts will be more 
 easily remembered, from their bearing on the hypothesis, 
 than if merely received as naked, isolated units ? 
 
 The only precautions to be taken are, not to be too 
 strongly wedded to either side of our hypothesis, nor to 
 sit down too soon satisfied that it is proved or disproved, 
 nor to set up for teachers and discoverers, while we are 
 only learners and making discoveries. 
 
 It will be seen hereafter that, notwithstanding what has 
 been said, we differ not at all from Bacon himself ; we 
 differ only from his pseudo-disciples, who have no more in 
 common with his enlarged views of the uses of science 
 than the schools had with Aristotle, or the New Academy 
 with Plato. Nevertheless, we well know that we shall be 
 well abused by these disciples as an impugner of Bacon, 
 and as a heretic to his philosophy, just as your pious 
 people condemn as an infidel or atheist every one who 
 denies any dogma which their wild enthusiasm has grafted 
 on the Bible. It is not in religion alone that bigotry is to 
 be found. 
 
 Bacon himself pursued the mode of study which we 
 
HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 71 
 
 suggest. At fifteen he formed an hypothesis, and devoted 
 his -whole life to its elucidation. The hypothesis round 
 which, as a centre, he gathered every fact within his 
 reach was this : "Whether or not the Aristotelian was the 
 best mode of cultivating the mind, and of discovering the 
 sciences ? 
 
 He seems at first to have been disposed to think that it 
 was neither ; but the conclusion to which he finally came, 
 after many years of close thought and arduous study, was, 
 that it was the best mode of cultivating the mind, but the 
 worst mode of discovering the sciences. He did not soon 
 sit down satisfied that he was right, and set up for a dog- 
 matic teacher of his new philosophy. He waited patiently 
 for any new light which years and experience might throw 
 upon it, either bringing out more brightly its beauties or 
 disclosing more satisfactorily its errors. Once in each 
 year he reviewed it and tested it by the new facts which 
 he had gleaned during the year’s studies. Once in each 
 year, for twelve long years, he wrote out with his own 
 hand, altering, condensing and verifying his Novum 
 Grqanum before he published it. 
 
 So much stress has, notwithstanding this illustrious 
 example of the master, been laid, ever since the publica- 
 tion of the Baconian or inductive philosophy, upon the 
 bare accumulation of facts, and so much has been written 
 against generalizing and hypothesizing, that it may be as 
 well, before quitting the subject, to point out wherein the 
 disciples of Bacon have neglected the precepts of their 
 master; and to inquire w'h ether this neglect, and the only 
 partial adoption of his teachings, have not contributed 
 greatly to the advancement of mere Knowledge at the 
 expense of true Wisdom, and thus been very important 
 causes of the degeneracy of modern mind. 
 
 Bacon seems to have foreseen this effect of the exclusive 
 adoption of the experimental part of his philosophy — the 
 only part which men have yet had the courage to adopt — 
 when he said, “ Our way of discovering the sciences almost 
 levels the capacities of men, and leaves little room for 
 excellence, as it performs all things by sure rules and 
 demonstrations, and therefore these discoveries of ours are. 
 
72 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 as we have often said, rather owing to felicity than to any 
 great talent, and are rather the production of time than of 
 genius.”* It was for this reason that he so earnestly, as 
 we shall see hereafter, insisted against its use by young 
 and common minds, or as a means of mental cultivation. 
 And too truly has the prophetic caution been fulfilled! 
 Nevertheless, as it will be loudly denied that modern 
 mind is degenerate, it may be as well to ask how much we 
 are in anything, except physical science (facts, or what 
 Bacon calls “ Experience”), in advance of our two-hundred- 
 years’ dead ancestors. Array the names in our list of 
 Cogitatives, chronologically and analytically, or do so by 
 any list of great thinkers, and you will scarcely find a 
 proportion of one since 1700, to three who lived between 
 1550 and that date. 
 
 Nevertheless, though there is this falling off in Wisdom, 
 how vast has been the accession of Knowledge. Bacon, 
 in his day, complained that the former, (Reason) had gone 
 on without the latter (Experience) ; so that, while mind 
 had attained the highest flights of which it seemed capable,' 
 the arcana of nature were yet unexplored, and little or 
 nothing had been done to advance man’s physical welfare. 
 He said that, hitherto, reason and experience were as ne<v 
 gifts of the gods : — the one laid on the back of a light bird, 
 the other on a dull ass, and that as yet they had not been 
 united. His object was to unite them ; to this purpose 
 he devoted his gifted mind and strained his utmost energies. 
 Yet if he were living now he would be compelled to make 
 the same complaint, with this variation however, that 
 men have abandoned the burden of the bird, and have 
 loaded themselves with that of the ass. 
 
 While then we admit the rapid advancement of Know- 
 ledge, let us pause a moment and inquire if it is not a 
 proof of the degeneracy of mind and the decay of Wisdom, 
 that, in that which is purely mental or dependent on mind, 
 we have no names of equal note with the names of those 
 who lived before the exclusive adoption of the experimental 
 part of the Baconian philosophy. Where is the name in 
 poetry to set against Shakspere and Milton ; in meta- 
 * Nov. Org., Sec. VII. 
 
HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 73 
 
 physics to match with Locke, Hobbes, &c. ; in deduction 
 from facts and generalization with Bacon, Newton, Halley, 
 &c. ; in theology, with the hundreds of names which yet 
 eclipse all modern commentators? It may perhaps be 
 said in reply, if we have not such great minds, we have a 
 larger number of thinkers of lesser magnitude. This is 
 doubtful. Time has obliterated the swarms of lesser fry 
 who, like their congeners of the nineteenth century, lived 
 their day and gained a temporary fame in the sixteenth 
 and seventeenth centuries. But further, it is easy to be a 
 triton among minnows. It is as easy now-a-days to set 
 up for a literary character and “ write a book” without an 
 idea, as it is for an insolvent man to pass for a rich one 
 and live sumptuously on borrowed capital and paper 
 money. Our thousands of authors are but the minnows 
 which sport in the shallow brooks and live their little day 
 in glorious self-gratulation on the laudations of their 
 brother minnows ; but if they happen to get out into the 
 deep strong waters, and a triton turns his stern eye upon 
 them — pop — they turn their tales round, dive to the 
 bottom and are seen no more. Thus it was with our 
 novelists ; they shone and blazed away — happy, glorious 
 book-wrights — till the triton Scott came athwart their 
 path, and straightway they were gone. And surely, 
 surely, we now again want another Scott to demolish the 
 rapidly increasing tribe of cachinnators, who appear to 
 deem that the proper end of light literature is just to raise 
 a temporary laugh and be forgotten. Heaven send us 
 salvation from more Jerrolds, a Beekets and the whole 
 tribe of ephemeral laughing-stocks ! It is the same in 
 other and more important departments of literature. Our 
 historians are mere compilers of old letters ; we fly to 
 Germany for historical criticism and acute generalizations 
 from facts, contenting ourselves with laboriously picking 
 up a few obscure facts for the use of our more deeply- 
 thinking neighbours ; who are treading in the paths which 
 our own sages trod two hundred and fifty years ago, be- 
 cause they have not yet placed the exact sciences at the 
 head of intellectual pursuits, and abandoned thought for 
 
74 HOW TO GET A. COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 mechanisms, generalizations from facts for the barren 
 accumulation of facts. 
 
 The complaint of Lord Bacon is truer now than it was 
 in his time : “ If a man turn his eyes to libraries, he may 
 perhaps be surprised at the immense variety of books he 
 finds ; but upon examining and diligently weighing their 
 matters and contents, he will be struck with amazement 
 on the other side ; and after finding no end of repetitions, 
 but that men continually treat and speak the same things 
 over and over again, fall from admiration of the variety 
 into a wonder at the want and scantiness of those things 
 which have hitherto detained and possessed the minds of 
 men.” Unhappily his system, by the universal and 
 indiscriminate adoption of only its lower and material 
 offices to the exclusion of those higher ends which he 
 contemplated from it, and by its being used as a mode of 
 cultivating the mind, as well as a means of discovering the 
 sciences, has rather strengthened than weakened the 
 justice of these censures. Our Augustan age of thought 
 is still that of Elizabeth and James I. ; the latter part of 
 the sixteenth, and the eaily part of the seventeenth 
 centuries still outshine the nineteenth in loftiness of 
 thought and solidity of learning ; yet we complacently 
 boast of our progress, because we rattle through the fields 
 of learning at ten times the speed of our ancestors, as we 
 do over our railway-sected country, gleaning about as little 
 information of the one as of the other. We dash through 
 the deep cuttings and dark tunnels of literature at railway 
 speed, taking assertions for facts, and empty declamation 
 and tawdry immorality for sense and religion ; and then, 
 like the nervous lady who rides through a railway tunnel 
 without fainting, congratulate ourselves on having accom- 
 plished some gigantic feat ; though we have learnt just as 
 much about the subject of our studies as she has of the 
 construction of the tunnel ; but having, like her, fretted 
 and fumed for a few minutes at some dark difficultv, we 
 unite with her in thinking ourselves very valiant and 
 clever people. 
 
 W e avail ourselves of the roads and paths which others 
 
HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 75 
 
 have made, and never stop to examine their solidity or 
 foundations, or the principles on which they are con- 
 structed. We lose the habits of deep investigation and 
 close thinking by a long and entire reliance on others, 
 and our minds become dissipated, and a prey to all the 
 silly novelties which spring like ephemera from the almost 
 stagnant pools of modern brains. 
 
 This mental dissipation and its concomitant evil, read- 
 ing for the purpose of killing time, — with far more bane- 
 ful effects than never reading at all, but relying merely 
 on our own serious excogitations, — are curses from which 
 we ought earnestly to endeavour to save ourselves. This 
 we can only do by sternly exercising the mind in settled 
 definite habits of thought, by placing before it a deter- 
 minate aim and end to its cogitations. It must know 
 beforehand whither it is tending, so that, as it proceeds, 
 it may note its progress, and be able to judge whether it 
 is advancing or receding. It would be as absurd for a 
 man to start on a journey without knowing whither he 
 was going, but to be continually trying first one road and 
 then another, in hopes it would bring him somewhere, 
 as it is for a student to sit down to study without any 
 definite purpose or view before him. True, the traveller 
 might pick up many facts and get some knowledge in his 
 desultory course, and so might the student ; but neither 
 would be advanced on his journey or have gained any 
 true wisdom. Yet this is the course of modern study. 
 Loose, desultory reading : a vague acquisition of uncon- 
 nected facts is alone aimed at. Witness the transactions 
 of our scientific bodies — a huge undigestive mass of valu- 
 able facts ; mere raw materials, knowledge-bricks, which 
 no one has dared yet to generalize or build up into a har- 
 monious and well-proportioned temple of wisdom. 
 
 Run your memory over the records of the British Asso- 
 ciation for the Advancement of Science, and what do you 
 find ? Is it not exactly the same as that which the witty 
 author of “ Hudibras” castigated two hundred years ago, 
 in his satire on the Royal Society, — a mere chronicle of 
 the feats of butterfly-hunters and fly-catchers ? Is there 
 to be found in the eighteen years’ “ Transactions” of the 
 
76 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 hundreds of scientific men, whose combined knowledge is 
 many hundred times more extensive than that of the 
 savans of any past age, a single attempt at a generaliza- 
 tion of their immense field of facts ? Is there any effort 
 at what Solomon calls the “ interpretation of things - 
 at gathering the “fruits” of the Baconian system? Are 
 they not only a barren addition to the mountain of facts 
 already accumulated ? Alas ! it is too true. 
 
 Modern savans shrink from using the materials which, 
 for several centuries, thousands of laborious literary ants 
 have been collecting. Like the unhappy Psyche, doomed 
 by the inexorable Venus to arrange and sort into respective 
 heaps a confused mass of wheat, barley, rye, millet and 
 other kinds of grain, they sit down in despair of accom- 
 plishing the apparently hopeless task Frightened at the 
 gigantic labour, they not only fly from it themselves but 
 condemn every one who attempts to arrange systemati- 
 cally the grains which, assorted, would afford valuable 
 seed for fresh crops of food, but which, while thus inter- 
 mingled, are utterly useless and unproductive. With an 
 insane determination not to see the work which it is the 
 duty imposed on the soul (Psyche) by the prolific powers 
 of nature (Venus) to accomplish, they go on adding to the 
 heterogeneous heap, and endeavour, by loud and clamorous 
 applauses of those who are mere collectors like themselves, 
 to drown the voice of those who would incite them to the 
 enjoined and higher duty of assorting and arranging. 
 
 Should any one, like the able but mistaken author of 
 the “ Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation,” endea- 
 vour to bring Thought to bear upon these dry bones and 
 make them live, to generalize and build up a system from 
 them, great is the outcry and terrible are the denunciations. 
 The modern Prometheus who would animate with the 
 celestial fire of forethought the clay which lies a dead and 
 useless mass at his feet, is clamourously damned by his 
 timid brethren the Epimethei, the after or past-thinkers ; 
 and, unless he is endowed with more than mortal power, 
 he must submit to have his heart daily devoured by the 
 racking fiends — envy, hatred, malice, and all uncha- 
 ritableness. 
 
HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 17 
 
 One of the laborious ants of whom we have been speak- 
 ing asks, “For what do we read?” and complacently 
 answers, “To know facts.”* Indeed! The highest 
 office of mind is to make itself a barren store-house ! 
 To us it appears, on the contrary, that we should read 
 and study generally, not to know facts, but to be wise 
 from facts, to make the head wiser and the heart better. 
 The mind is not to be considered as a mere granary and 
 barren receptacle of literary food, but rather as the 
 stomach which converts into a new substance — assimi- 
 lating good healthy flesh and blood — the heterogeneous 
 materials which are put into it. Another ant, of no mean 
 pretensions among his brethren, enthusiastically endea- 
 vours, by promises of “ literary glory,” to incite some of 
 them to pile up into one heap the confused materials they 
 have collected. “ Let us see,” he says with childish glee, 
 “ how much we've got ! You John, and you Willy, and 
 you Bobby bring what you’ve collected ! There pile it 
 up! Make a snow man ; cut him eyes, and nose, and 
 mouth.” There he is with a pipe in his white lips. 
 Doesn’t he look sage, and grave, and solemn? Dance 
 round him, ye children ; clap your hands and be merry. 
 Rejoice over your work while it lasts. The first warm 
 breath of spring will melt it away. It is no man, it 
 has no life, it is cold and dead. The snow, give it 
 what shape you will, is snow still. You have col- 
 lected much, but you have got nothing new out of 
 your collection. But lest it should be supposed that 
 we belie this celebrated ant — this collector of grain — we 
 will quote his own words : “ Within the last two hun- 
 dred years (says Professor Playfair), or since Galileo and 
 Bacon taught us this great lesson, we have been employed 
 in recording facts in ten thousand several volumes. But 
 thus scattered, they lose so much of their value and im- 
 portance, that, in another age, we may hope some aspirant 
 after literary glory will perform the Herculean labour of 
 condensing the whole into (What ? — a system of the uni- 
 
 * How different is the language of the disciple from that of the 
 master ! Bacon himself says, “ Read not to contradict nor to 
 believe (i, e. for facts), but to weigh and ■ consider ” 
 
78 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 verse ? a better knowledge of nature ? No ! ) a volume ! ” 
 A volume ! that is to say, gather the scattered masses into 
 one heap as heterogeneous as the scattered masses ; pile 
 up the snow, strewed over pathway and field, hedge and 
 ditch, into a snow man. That is the highest aspiration of 
 this Professor of divers learned societies. His grovelling 
 soul soars not to the hope that any new fact may be 
 extracted by mind from this vast heap of raw materials. 
 He knows not that, metaphysically, two and two make 
 five, and that without any other material additions, with- 
 out any more ant-collections, the heap may be made to 
 grow and swell, that the spirit of life may be breathed 
 into it, and that, wedded to mind, it may even become the 
 prolific parent of new facts of a far higher and more 
 enduring nature than any in his boasted volume. Facts, 
 which, having mind for one of their parents, will with 
 filial love pay back in tenfold blessings the life given 
 them ; facts which will lead that parent to unravel the 
 mysterious secrets of nature, and enable her to behold the 
 wonderful arcana of its Holy of Holies. 
 
 This is the purpose for which we should read, and this 
 the glorious end for which we should collect facts ; instead 
 of merely contenting ourselves with being employed, as 
 Playfair too truly says we have been since the time of 
 Bacon, “ in recording facts in ten thousand several volumes,” 
 with no higher aspiration than that some laborious stable- 
 cleaner may sweep them up, hay and straw, corn and rub- 
 bish, into one vast heap. 
 
 Since this was written, it pleases us to see that the 
 able author of “Vestiges of the Natural History of 
 Creation” has in his “ Explanations” spoken to the same 
 effect and added another instance of the low estimate 
 formed by modem scientific 'minds of the uses of facts. 
 “ From year to year and from age to age we see scientific 
 men at work, adding, no doubt, much to the known, 
 and advancing many important interests, but at the same 
 time doing little for the establishment of comprehen- 
 sive views of nature. Experiments, in however narrow a 
 walk, facts, of whatever minuteness, make reputations in 
 scientific societies. All beyond is regarded with suspicion 
 
HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 79 
 
 and distrust. The consequence is, that philosophy , as it 
 exists among us, does nothing to raise its votaries above the 
 common ideas of their time. Let me call upon the reader 
 to bring to his remembrance the impressions which have 
 been usually made upon him by the transactions of learned 
 societies, and the pursuits of individual men of science. 
 Did he not always feel that while there was laudable indus- 
 try and zeal there was also an intellectual timidity, render- 
 ing all the results philosophically barren ? 
 
 “ Perhaps a more lively illustration of their deficiency 
 in the life and soul of nature-seeking could not be presented 
 than in the view which Sir John Herschel gives of the 
 uses of science, in a Treatise reputed as one of the most 
 philosophical ever produced in our country. These uses, 
 according to the learned knight, are strictly material — it 
 might be said sordid — namely, " to show us how to avoid 
 attempting impossibilities, to secure us from important mis- 
 takes, in attempting what is in itself possible by means 
 either inadequate or actually opposed to the end in view ; 
 to enable us to accomplish our ends in. the easiest, shortest 
 and most economical and most effectual manner ; to induce 
 us to attempt and enable us to accomplish, objects which, 
 but for such knowledge, we should never have thought of 
 undertaking.’ 
 
 “ Such results, it will be felt, may occasionally be of 
 importance in saving a country gentleman from a hopeless 
 mining speculation, or in adding to the powers and profits 
 of an iron-foundry or a cotton-mill, but nothing more. 
 When the awakened and craving mind asks what science 
 can do for us in explaining the great ends of the author of 
 nature, and our relations to Him, to good and evil, to life 
 and to eternity, the man of science turns to his collection 
 of shells or butterflies, to his electric machine or his retort, 
 and is mute as a child who, sporting on the beach, is asked 
 what lands lie beyond the great ocean which stretches 
 before him."* 
 
 This is unhappily too true a picture of modem science. 
 Every effort is made in scientific works to impress the 
 material and sordid money-getting uses of science as its 
 * Explanations, 2nd Edit. p. 78. 
 
80 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 only true end, and the highest relation which it bears to 
 humanity. Read any tract on the uses of geology, and is 
 there a word of high hope that the addition which recent 
 discoveries in this department have made to knowledge 
 will assist in raising and elevating the mind, or throw any 
 new light upon the mysteries of nature ? 
 
 Not a word : but it is carefully detailed how an acquaint- 
 ance with the order of stratified rocks will facilitate the 
 discovery of minerals, or the boring of Artesian wells. 
 
 Are the uses of astronomy dwelt upon, we are taught 
 that it enables the seaman to navigate trackless seas for 
 commerce or for war. Are the purposes of chemistry 
 detailed, we learn that it is fertile in assisting the manufac- 
 turer to cheapen his goods, and undersell his less experi- 
 enced neighbour. 
 
 And are we to believe that for these base uses it will be 
 given to man to penetrate the wonders of the universe, and 
 read the unexplained mystery of its creation ? Surely not. 
 No, verily, we must raise our souls far above these debasing 
 cares, before the great and beneficent God will permit us 
 to understand His sublime works. We must come to the 
 task with clean hands, with pure, holy, unsullied minds, 
 with humble, but high aspirations, with the submission of 
 little children, but with the elevation of pure wisdom. 
 
 Is it possible that mind can progress at all, if it is for 
 ever fixed on the earth, grovelling after barren facts and 
 never lifted up to heaven, nor exercised in contemplation 
 of the discoveries it has accumulated ? Is it possible that 
 the mind can ever be wise which believes that it must 
 study for facts, and not to ‘ weigh and consider ?’ Must 
 not the former for ever remain the mere basket of the rag- 
 and-bone collector? the receptacle and dead vehicle of 
 material things ? Is it not better that the mind should be 
 exercised, like ‘ a light bird,’ in the wildest and most vision- 
 ary dreams, than be reduced to such a ‘ dull ass,' or dead 
 entity ? If the student would avoid the latter, he must 
 abandon the mere accumulation of facts for the comparing 
 and weighing of evidence, the calm looking for results, and 
 the deliberate generalization from the facts collected by the 
 fact-collectors ; the rag-and-bone-pickers, the hewers of 
 
HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 81 
 
 wood and drawers of water of the human race. Neverthe- 
 less despise them not ; they fill their allotted station in the 
 world ; they are as necessary to the thinkers as the differ- 
 ent ranks in society are to each other. Bear in mind that 
 Bacon never intended his system for students , or to be used 
 as a mental exercise. He only proposed it as a means, 
 (and confessedly the only true means) of ‘ discovering the 
 sciences,’ and not as a mode of ‘ cultivating’ the mind. It 
 was to be the exercise of the experienced and completely 
 cultivated mind only, ‘ of the man of riper years, sound in 
 his senses, and of a clear, unbiassed mind.’* He foresaw 
 and cautioned against its abuse by ‘ vulgar minds.’ And 
 in the sense used by him all young and learning minds are 
 vulgar (common) minds. The specialities which must dis- 
 tinguish them from the common herd, are as yet unknown 
 and hidden beneath the crust of inexperienced ignorance. 
 
 He himself earnestly prays that his own and the Aristo- 
 telian system may live together, and go hand in hand, the 
 latter to cultivate the mind, the former to discover facts. 
 His words so long forgotten and unheeded by his disciples 
 are : “ Let there be therefore, by joint consent, two foun- 
 tains, or dispensations of doctrine, and two tribes of Philo- 
 sophers, by no means enemies or strangers, but confede- 
 rates and mutual auxiliaries to each other ; and let there 
 be one method of cultivating, and another of discover- 
 ing the sciences. Nor is ours very obvious, and to be taken 
 at once , nor tempting to the understanding, nor suited to 
 vulgar capacities , but solely rests upon its utility and effects” 
 (i. e. upon the way in which it is used and the results which 
 proceed from it). “ But no one, sure, can suspect, that we 
 desire to destroy and demolish the philosophy, the arts, 
 and the sciences at present in use ; for, on the contrary , we 
 embrace their use, and willingly pay them all due honour 
 and observance. For we openly declare that the things 
 we offer, are not very conducive to these purposes (mental 
 exercises), as they cannot be brought down to vulgar capa- 
 cities, otherwise than by effects and works. ”f Therefore 
 in advocating the retention of the Aristotelian mode of 
 thinking for students, we do but follow in the footsteps of 
 * Nov. Organ. j" Ibid. Pt. 1, Sect. 7. 
 
 G 
 
82 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 his great opponent; who yet opposed only when that 
 ancient philosophy was carried beyond, and out of its pro- 
 per department — the cultivation of the powers of thought, 
 into the discovery of the sciences. 
 
 “ The two faculties of reason and experience,” says 
 Bacon, “ should be properly joined and coupled together.” 
 Reason without experience (facts) he compares to a light 
 bird ; Experience, without reason to a dull ass. It is 
 better to be the bird than the ass ; it is best to be 
 neither, and yet both. It is only by joining experience 
 with reason that the “ sober certainty” of the quadruped 
 can be coupled with the “ waking bliss,” the ecstatic 
 heavenward flight, of the light and joyous bird. If, like 
 Bacon, we were to endeavour to read the fable of the 
 Sphinx, we would say that it represents the wise mind, 
 which has united reason and experience into a beautiful 
 form ; comprehendible by man, but most hard to be com- 
 prehended. Its human head portrays that to intellectual 
 man alone it is given to join together its other forms, the 
 wings of a bird, reason ; and the body of a quadruped, 
 experience. It is beautiful, for such union is the per- 
 fection of wisdom, and ‘ O how comely is wisdom ! ’ It 
 is cruel, for many lives must be sacrificed ’ere it can be 
 discovered, or the problem of its nature be solved. 
 
 Far different from the master himself, who saw in his 
 philosophy the attainment of high and holy purposes, 
 his pseudo-disciples shrink not from avowing that the 
 material uses of philosophy are of higher import than 
 the metaphysical. And it is because writers of no mean 
 powers have, while setting themselves up as encomiasts 
 and expounders of Baconism, utterly lost sight of the 
 higher and godlike purposes which Bacon hoped to see 
 his system promote, and have exalted only the simply 
 mean and sordid uses, which, as tending to man’s temporal 
 comforts, Bacon’s large heart also desired to increase, that 
 we have so far enlarged our observations hereon ; and 
 shall, ere we conclude, set a few extracts from these 
 modern views of Baconism in opposition to those of Bacon 
 himself. From these we shall see that, with regard to 
 their views of the objects of philosophy, no two systems 
 
HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 83 
 
 can be more opposed than that of Bacon himself, and that 
 of the modern utilitarians, who dare to dub themselves 
 his disciples. The latter seek in science nothing higher 
 than base utilitarianism, thus elevating the body at the 
 expense of the soul ; the former sought utilitarianism in 
 company with the attainment of pure truth and the inves- 
 tigation of the hidden secrets of nature, thus elevating 
 both soul and body. 
 
 It was the fault of the ancient philosophy that it 
 endeavoured to elevate the soul at the expense of the 
 body, and to separate that which God has joined together; 
 it is equally the fault — but a far more baneful one — of 
 modem utilitarianism that it endeavours to elevate the 
 body above the soul, and treats the comfort of the former 
 as of far higher importance than the exaltation of the 
 latter. 
 
 Bacon alone, truly wise, sought the well-being of both ; 
 and he alone pointed out that the well-being, of both lay 
 in the same path, and might be prosecuted simultaneously. 
 While the ancient philosophy feared to defile the soul by 
 contact with what was falsely called the base in nature, 
 and the utilitarian dreads to have his sordid soul elevated 
 above the same operations, — which he equally terms base, 
 yet loves to degrade himself to — Bacon acknowledged 
 nothing base in nature, and feared not to study her 
 simplest and meanest operations in the pursuit of truth. 
 He knew that whatever advances the soul makes in know- 
 ledge and wisdom, must be made through and by means 
 of the body ; therefore, the latter was not to be despised, 
 but by all possible ways and means to be made the efficient 
 hand-maid of the former. He knew that though the eye 
 sees not, and the ear hears not, yet that the soul, in this 
 mortal state, could neither see nor hear without them, and 
 that by increasing their fact-transmitting powers, he was 
 developing the fact-generating powers of the mind. 
 
 It was for this reason that he contemned not to give 
 his mind to experience, to making telescopes and ear- 
 trumpets ; but nevertheless he did not regard them as 
 the ultimate and sole end and aim of his philosophy. His 
 views of the ends of philosophy were, as we shall presently 
 
 G 2 
 
84 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 see, to tlie full as high and lofty as those of Plato and the 
 Grecian philosophers • he only sought to arrive at those 
 ends by means different from those which they pursued. 
 They both sought the same objects — Truth, and the 
 discovery of the secrets of nature; but while the one 
 foolishly did this by opposing nature, and acting in con- 
 tradiction to her mandates, the other did it by following 
 her patiently through all her devious windings. 
 
 The modem Baconian school of utilitarians errs in stop- 
 ping half-way, and in mistaking what Bacon merely 
 deemed media, for the ultimate ends of his philosophy. 
 Whirled along by a steam-engine, informed by a telegraph, 
 freed from pain by chloroform, the utilitarian deems such- 
 like products of the inductive philosophy, to be the summum 
 bonurn of its founder ; forgetful that he considered such 
 to be but the means to a higher end, and has said that 
 “ the summum bonum of human nature is the possession 
 of Truth, for this is a heaven upon earth.” 
 
 But the better to understand this, let us contrast 
 modern Baconism with Bacon, — “ ab uno disce omnes.” 
 
 Mr. T. B. Macaulay, a masterly and deservedly popular 
 writer, has undertaken to give a more correct analysis 
 of the objects of Baconism than is usually entertained ; 
 but as it happens to be only an analysis of modern 
 utilitarianism, we will avail ourselves of it as a contrast 
 with Bacon's own aspirations of the benefits to be derived 
 from his system. # 
 
 Hear the utilitarian’s version of Baconism in contrast 
 with the ancient philosophy. 
 
 “ Plato, after speaking slightly of the convenience of 
 arithmetic in the ordinary transactions of life, as to make 
 men shop-keepers or pedlars, passes to what he considers 
 as a far more important advantage. It habituates the 
 mind, he tells us, to the contemplation of pure truth , 
 and raises us above the material universe ; and he advises 
 his disciples to this study, in order that they may learn to 
 fix their minds on the immutable essences of things. Bacon 
 
 * Historical and Critical Essays, vol. ii. The reader who wishes 
 to form an estimate of the sordid views of the utilitarian school, had 
 better peruse the whole of Macaulay’s Essay on Bacon. 
 
HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 85 
 
 on the other hand, valued this branch of knowledge only 
 on account of its uses with reference to the visible and 
 tangible world. 
 
 “ Of mathematics, Plato says the real use is to lead men 
 to the knowledge of abstract essential, eternal truth. Bacon 
 valued mathematics chiefly, if not solely, on account of 
 those uses which Plato deemed so base— its application 
 to mechanics, &c. If Bacon erred here, we must acknow- 
 ledge that we greatly prefer his error to the opposite 
 error of Plato. 
 
 “ To sum up the whole,” says this eulogist of what 
 he deems Baconism against the ancient philosophy as 
 explained by Plato, “ we should say that the aim of the 
 Platonic philosophy was to exalt man into a god. The 
 aim of the Baconian philosophy, was to provide man with 
 what he requires, while he continues to be man, and to 
 supply his vulgar wants. The former aim was noble ; but 
 the latter was attainable. Plato drew a good bow, but he 
 aimed at the stars ; therefore the shot was thrown away. 
 Bacon fixed his eye on a mark, which was placed on the 
 earth , and within bow-shot, and hit it in the white.”* 
 
 If this were a true picture of Bacon’s mind, how sad, 
 and low, and grovelling, must it have been. Accustomed 
 to grieve that he suffered his soul to be polluted by 
 contact with the world, and bowed his heart beneath the 
 love of ill-gotten gold, we have yet found consolation in 
 the thought that the man and the philosopher were two ; 
 and that we might dwell with rapture on the latter, take 
 him to our heart, and make him our mind’s companion 
 without defiling ourselves with the former. But if this 
 were a true picture of the philosopher, we must turn 
 from him with disgust, as one whose soul was so imbued 
 with the low and sordid, that no intellectual powers, how 
 sublime soever, could elevate it above what was low and 
 sordid, mean and base. 
 
 Sick at heart and disgusted with humanity, we must 
 turn with joy to him who sought “ to exalt man into a 
 god,” who urged us “to the contemplation of pure truth,” 
 * Essays, vol. ii. p. 386 — 403. 
 
86 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 “ to fix our minds on the immutable essences of things,” 
 and “ the knowledge of the abstract, essential, eternal 
 truth.” 
 
 But thank God, it is not a true picture of Bacon’s 
 mind and purpose in revealing to the world a new 
 philosophy. 
 
 At most it is but one half the picture, and that the 
 lower half. It exhibits the mouth only, the vehicle of the 
 material things which sustain the body. Yet nevertheless 
 not to be despised ; for without it the body could not live, 
 and without the body the mind could have no communion 
 with mortal minds, and as to them must be dead also. 
 But it entirely cuts off and conceals the upper half of the 
 man; the skull, the seat of mind, the residence of that 
 God-inspired particle, which alone ennobles and makes 
 valuable the whole body. 
 
 It is true that Bacon hoped by his philosophy to supply 
 man’s vulgar wants, and to make his sojourn here as easy 
 and comfortable as was possible ; but he sought this only 
 as a necessary and blessed accident by the way, and not as 
 the end of his new learning. 
 
 While he laboured to benefit mankind as mortal man, 
 he also strove to elevate him as an immortal soul ; mindful 
 of the origin which, he dared, like Plato, to hope to exalt 
 man into a god, by leading the divine spirit, breathed into 
 him when he was made in the image of God, to a contem- 
 plation and discovery of the secrets of the Great Artificer. 
 
 It was a favourite text of Bacon’s, “ It is the glory of 
 God to conceal a matter : it is the glory of the King (a 
 man) to find it out.” \Prov. xxv. 2.] 
 
 Was not this very much like placing man almost on a 
 parity with God, and exalting him into a god ? And 
 again, even misquoting to suit his lofty notions of man’s 
 capabilities : “ The spirit of man is as the lamp of God, 
 wherewith He searches every secret.”* \_Prov. xx. 27.] 
 Surely, too, the aim of him who describes the sole end of 
 his philosophy in the following words, is not different from 
 that of him who urges his disciples “ to fix their minds on 
 the contemplation of the immutable essences of things.” 
 * Filum Labyrinthi. 
 
HOW TO GET A COGITATIYE NOSE. 
 
 87 
 
 “ The end of our foundation is the knowledge of causes, 
 and secret motions of things, and the enlarging the 
 bounds of human empire to the effecting of all things 
 possible .” 41 
 
 Neither does he differ at all from the philosophy of the 
 Academy in his appreciation of pure truth. “ Truth, 
 which only doth judge itself, teacheth that the inquiry of 
 Truth, which is the love-making or wooing of it ; the 
 knowledge of Truth, which is the presence of it ; and the 
 belief of Truth, which is the enjoying of it — is the sove- 
 reign good of human nature. The poet saith excellently 
 well : 6 It is a pleasure to stand upon the shore, and to see 
 ships tossed upon the sea ; a pleasure to stand in the win- 
 dow of a castle, and to see a battle and the adventures 
 thereof below ; but no pleasure is comparable to the 
 standing upon the vantage-ground of Truth, and to see 
 the errors and wanderings, and mist and tempests in the 
 sea below;’f so always that this prospect be with pity, and 
 not with swelling or pride. Certainly it is heaven upon 
 earth to have a man’s mind move in charity, rest in provi- 
 dence, and turn upon the poles of Truth.’ ’f Is this the 
 language of one who had no higher aim than “ to supply 
 man’s vulgar wants, and whose eye was ever on a mark 
 which was placed on earth and within bowshot ?” No ! 
 long since must Bacon have been forgotten, if his 
 philosophy had had no higher end than that which modern 
 utilitarianism deems its proudest boast. 
 
 One more extract will suffice to evince, that in pro- 
 moting the proper study of his favourite science, Natural 
 Philosophy, he had far higher views than mere utilitarian- 
 ism ; though this was to be regarded by the way and as 
 an accident of no mean importance. “All knowledge, 
 and especially that of natural philosophy, tendeth highly 
 
 * New Atlantis. 
 
 f Lucretius. Berum Natura. Bacon would seem to have had this 
 passage again in his mind, when he described Plato as “ a man of a 
 sublime genius, who took a view of everything as from a high rock 
 — De Augmentis, sec. 5. 
 
 J Essay on Truth, 
 
88 
 
 HOW TO GET A COGITATIVE NOSE. 
 
 to the glory of God in His power, providence and benefits 
 appearing and engraven in His works, which without this 
 knowledge are beheld bin as through a veil, for if the 
 heavens in the body of them do declare the glory of God 
 to the eye, much more do they in the rule and decrees of 
 them declare it to the understanding.”* 
 
 An apology is needed for this long episode on Bacon, 
 and our apology must be an anxious desire to direct the 
 student back from the false school of Baconism to the 
 master himself. Leave the Macaulays, the Herschels and 
 the Playfairs to the work — and an important and useful 
 work it is — for which they are fitted ; but do you endea- 
 vour so to mind earthly things that you forget not heavenly 
 things.f We say not, as did the ancient philosophers, 
 disregard earthly things ; but, while attending to them, 
 forget not the heavenly, as the utilitarians do. Neither 
 would it have been necessary to have entered so fully into 
 the matter had we not been aware that of the thousands 
 who pretend to tread in the steps of Bacon, not above one 
 or two have ever read his more important works, but take 
 their notions of his philosophy from such crude and partial 
 views as the merest utilitarians choose to enunciate as 
 Baconian. 
 
 We require no other proof of the degeneracy of modem 
 mind from the close habits of intense thought which dis- 
 tinguished the predecessors and cotemporaries of Bacon, 
 than the melancholy fact, that while the Novum Organum 
 and De Augmentis were, in the author’s time, eagerly read by 
 every one pretending to a liberal education, and at once 
 elevated him to a high rank among literary men, they are 
 scarcely ever opened in the present day, “ and though 
 much talked of are but little read. They have produced, 
 indeed, a vast effect on the opinions of mankind, but they 
 have produced it through the operation of intermediate 
 
 * Filum Labyrinth!, Part 1. 
 
 f Earthly and heavenly are not here used in the New Testament 
 sense, for sinful and holy, but in the Old Testament sense ; earthly, 
 for things pertaining to the body formed of the dust of the ground, 
 and heavenly, for things pertaining to the mind, the breath of God. 
 
OF THE JEWISH NOSE. 
 
 89 
 
 agents.”* Of these intermediate agents we have given a 
 few specimens ; and as long as the world submits to receive 
 their version of Baconism, so long will Baconism elevate 
 Knowledge at the expense of True Wisdom. Let men 
 return to Bacon, and take all that he teaches instead of 
 part — the inferior part — and there will be nothing for 
 Wisdom or Knowledge to fear. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 OF THE JEWISH NOSE. 
 
 Class IV. — The Jewish, or Hawk Nose, is very convex, and pre- 
 serves its convexity like a bow, throughout the whole length from 
 the eyes to the tip. It is thin and sharp. 
 
 It indicates considerable Shrewdness in worldly matters ; and deep 
 insight into character, and facility of turning that insight to pro- 
 fitable account. 
 
 This is a good, useful, practical Nose, very able to carry 
 its owner successfully through the world, that is as success 
 is now-a-days measured, by weight of purse ; nevertheless 
 it will not elevate him to any very exalted pitch of intel- 
 lectuality. 
 
 It is called the Jewish Nose in conformity with long- 
 established nomenclature, and is, perhaps more frequent 
 among the Jews than among most other nations resident 
 in Europe. It is, however a fallacy to suppose that the 
 peculiar physiognomy called Jewish is confined to the 
 Jews, or even exclusively characteristic of them. It is in 
 fact a form of profile common to all the inhabitants of 
 Syria; and Sir G. Wilkinson has proved in his erudite 
 work on Ancient Egypt, that the nations represented in 
 the Egyptian sculptures with this cast of countenance are 
 not always intended for Jews, as was at one time sup- 
 posed, but for Syrians. Moreover, this form of counte- 
 
 * Macaulay’s Essay on Bacon, vol. ii., p. 426. 
 
90 
 
 OF THE JEWISH NOSE. 
 
 nance is to this day, the usual one among the Arabs of 
 that part of the world. This Nose should therefore more 
 properly be called the Syrian Nose. 
 
 This fact enables us to extend our illustrations, by 
 adducing divers national proofs of the correctness of the 
 indications ascribed to this Nose. 
 
 We have said that it is a good, useful, practical Nose, 
 i. e. a good money-getting Nose, a good commercial Nose, 
 and perhaps the latter term would be an apt secondary 
 designation for it. Hence, those nations which have been 
 most largely gifted with it, have been always celebrated 
 for their commercial success. 
 
 The Phoenicians were Syrians, and the portraits which 
 we have of these people on the Egyptian sculptures, as 
 read by Sir G. Wilkinson, all exhibit this form of Nose. 
 It is unnecessary to enlarge on the very early commercial 
 activity of this nation, on its extensive traffic, its flourish- 
 ing colonies, and its mighty fleets. While the rest of the 
 world was in barbarism, or kept their low civilization care- 
 fully locked up within their own dominions, the Phoeni- 
 cians were spreading arts and letters among the barbarous 
 nations of Europe, and carrying civilization forward on its 
 destined course towards the West. And the incentive to 
 this and the means whereby it was effected were the same 
 as those which now animate modern Tyre to promote the 
 same Westward tendency of civilization. What Phoenicia, a 
 little western corner of Asia, did for Europe, England, a little 
 western corner of Europe, has done and isdoingfor lands still 
 further West — America and Austral- Asia ; destined to be 
 in their turns the seats of a still progressive civilization, 
 until every part of the earth shall have been in succession 
 blessed with a civilization, if not always equal in degree, 
 always adequate to its age, requirements, and capacity. 
 
 Then when the whole circle shall have been accom- 
 plished — and of which more than two-thirds have been 
 already passed over— when civilization in Austral- Asia 
 shall touch the confines of its original starting point, the 
 Eastern shores of India, the consummation of all things 
 shall be at hand; the purpose for Avhich the earth was 
 created, and for which millions of years have been slowly, 
 
OF THE JEWISH NOSE. 
 
 91 
 
 surely, and silently beautifying, storing, and adapting it, 
 until it is like “ the Garden of the Lord,” shall have been 
 fulfilled ; and the whole of this beautiful system shall 
 vanish away like a breath, yet leave no vacuity, no defect, 
 in the vast and mighty universe, whose limits utterly 
 transcend our notions of time and space. 
 
 Two-thirds of this circle have been already passed over; 
 the remaining third is rapidly running out : we already 
 stand half-way between the beginning and the end of this 
 third part ; nay, we are nearer the end than the begin- 
 ning, we see more clearly and apprehend more closely 
 the day when Austral- Asia shall be the seat of civilization 
 and Christianity, than we do the day when those blessings 
 seventeen hundred years ago, first landed on our shores ; 
 we feel more affinity for, and more sympathy with, the 
 latter age than with the former, and we may be assured 
 that we do this because we are much nearer in Time to 
 the one than to the other. 
 
 This is an awful contemplation ; we cannot but feel that 
 there is an extra responsibility cast upon us upon whom 
 literally “the ends of the world are come,” and that it 
 concerns us more than all who have gone before to be up 
 and be doing ; to take heed that while civilization is pro- 
 gressing geographically, it is also progressing in power 
 and character ; for upon the extent and nature of the 
 Knowledge which we transmit, depend in a great degree 
 the extent and nature of the Knowledge which shall ever 
 reign on the earth. 
 
 Theologically considered, the subject is infinitely more 
 awful and important ; and the mind cannot contemplate 
 without fear and trembling, what may be the consequences 
 if we, instead of a pure and perfect, transmit to the few 
 generations yet to subsist ou the earth, an impure and 
 imperfect, Christianity. 
 
 But to return to our more immediate subject. The 
 Jews have always been celebrated for shrewdness in com- 
 mercial affairs. Though the peculiarities of their religion 
 prevented them from taking a leading part in the general 
 commercial business of the ancient world, yet among them- 
 selves trade always flourished ; and in the present age of 
 
92 
 
 OF THE JEWISH NOSE. 
 
 the world, the Jews were in all countries the first revivers 
 of commerce after the stagnation occasioned by the irrup- 
 tions of the northern hordes, and in many nations are still 
 almost the only traders. 
 
 It does not always follow, however, that the love and 
 capacity for getting money is accompanied by a sordid 
 disinclination to part with it. Numerous instances occur 
 of persons who shrewdly bargain for pence, but liberally 
 give away pounds. As we may seem to have inferred 
 that the former is a Jewish habit, it is right, and we are 
 happy to be able to say, that some instances of princely 
 liberality among modern Jews, afford lessons which Chris- 
 tians would do well to take. 
 
 No very exalted intellectuality is to be looked for from 
 the Syrian Nose. Its sphere of action is widely dif- 
 ferent from that of mental exertion for the mere plea- 
 sure thence derivable. Hence, we find, that notwith- 
 standing the free intercourse which the Phoenicians per- 
 mitted with all nations, the ancient sages rarely travelled 
 to Phoenicia for learning. If they went there, they went 
 like Solomon, to traffic. They sought learning among the 
 Chaldeans, the Indians, and the Egyptians, but seldom 
 touched in their course on the more accessible shores of 
 Phoenicia. The Phoenicians have had the reputation of 
 being the inventors of letters because they introduced them 
 into Europe ; but they were the mere carriers of them for 
 commercial purposes, not the inventors. 
 
 Though some attempts have been lately made to prove 
 that the Hebrew nation has furnished more learned men 
 than any other, the attempts are an utter failure. 
 
 Curious wranglers, ingenious cabalists, fine splitters of 
 hairs, shrewd perverters of texts, sharp detecters of dis- 
 crepancies, clever concocters of analogies, finders of mys- 
 teries in a sunbeam, constitute the mass of modern* Jewish 
 scholars. What is the Talmud, the Mishna, the Gemara, 
 or any of their comments thereon, or on Scripture, but 
 mere puerile exercises of wit ; sometimes ingenious, but 
 always reckless of truth, decency, or common sense ? We 
 
 * i. e. Post Christum. 
 
or THE JEWISH NOSE. 
 
 93 
 
 search in vain, as far as our knowledge of those works 
 extends, and all who have studied them corroborate our 
 opinion, for any expanded views, any comprehensive ideas 
 or extensive learning. Neither does their ancient history 
 furnish any but inspired names, to class among the world’s 
 sages. 
 
 Education is however rapidly extending among the 
 Jews. For the first time since they ceased to be a nation 
 they appear to begin to feel the importance of raising 
 themselves to an equal intellectual rank with the citizens 
 among whom their lot is cast. This is the natural conse- 
 quence of the accordance to them of equal national privi- 
 leges — a still further extension of which, even to a seat in 
 the Legislature, would promote their further elevation in 
 the social scale. 
 
 Numerous schools have recently been founded by them 
 for the education of their own people — both male and 
 female — in England and other European States. From these 
 the most beneficial results may be anticipated. 
 
 It has always been found to be the greatest obstacle to 
 the spread of Christianity among a people who a priori might 
 be supposed to be the most ready to receive it as a proof of 
 the truth and fulfilment of their own Scriptures, that they 
 know not these Scriptures; but are either immersed in the 
 grossest ignorance, or glean their religion from the Talmud 
 and the Mishna. It has been justly said, “ The Jews 
 must be made Old Testament Jews before they can be 
 made Christians and this can only be done by education 
 among themselves creating a spontaneous spirit of inquiry 
 into their own literature, with an anxious desire to read 
 and comprehend the vast storehouse of Biblical treasure at 
 present almost unknown to the large majority of them. 
 
 The sources of our individual illustrations treating only 
 of those who have distinguished themselves in Literature 
 or History furnish only a few examples of the Jewish Nose. 
 
 Vespasian, 
 
 Correggio, 
 
 Adam Smith, 
 
 may serve, however, to illustrate and corroborate our 
 
94 
 
 OF THE JEWISH NOSE. 
 
 theory As to the last, the connection between his Nose 
 and the peculiar bias of his mind is obvious. 
 
 “The founder of the Science of Political Economy” 
 must have possessed a natural attraction towards com- 
 mercial affairs ; and it could only have been by a very 
 laro-e share of acute observation and shrewd penetration 
 that he could have worked out the principles of so abstruse 
 a science, and made it acceptable to the mass of mankind. 
 
 “ It was,” says one of his admirers, “ one of the few, 
 but greatest, errors of Adam Smith, that he was too apt 
 to consider man as a mere money -making animal, who will 
 never hesitate to work provided he is well paid for it. 
 He does not consider that the desire of power and of 
 esteem are more powerful principles than the desire of 
 wealth.” 
 
 ADAM SMITH. 
 
 It is impossible to desire a description of his character 
 more exactly correspondent to the form of his Nose. 
 
 It has been much disputed among his biographers 
 whether Correggio was rich or poor. Many anecdotes 
 are related which indicate his extreme poverty ; while on 
 the other hand, numerous facts seem to prove that he must 
 at least have been in easy circumstances. He married a 
 lady of good fortune, and he was well appreciated in his 
 
OF TH£ JEWISH NOSE. 
 
 95 
 
 own time, and received many valuable orders for paintings 
 from patrons of high rank and great liberality. It is how- 
 ever undisputed that his disposition was penurious and 
 miserly, and this fact — indicated also by his unusually 
 well-developed hawk-nose — will serve to reconcile the 
 apparently contradictory assertions of his biographers. 
 
 It is probable that, like most misers, he was always 
 complaining of poverty, and even denied himself neces- 
 saries which he could have well afforded. Those who 
 credited these complaints, recorded his poverty and 
 lamented over it with mistaken kindness ; while others, 
 who more critically considered his actual means, would 
 better appreciate them and reveal the true state of the 
 case. There is an anecdote recorded of him by his friend 
 and cotemporary, Vasari, which though it may not be 
 
 COEBEGGIO. 
 
 wholly true, has probably some foundation. This character- 
 istic anecdote is to the effect, that having received a payment 
 of sixty crowns in copper, he carried it home on foot in sultry 
 weather, and the over-fatigue brought on a fever, of which he 
 died. It is not, as Gibbon has shrewdly remarked, of much 
 importance whether an anecdote of a person is actually 
 true or false ; for it almost equally displays the character 
 of the person of whom it is recorded. A tale of liberality 
 is not told of a known miser; nor an instance of penurious- 
 ness of a liberal man. An anecdote, to be received, must 
 
96 
 
 OF THE JEWISH NOSE. 
 
 at least bi probable and have an air of verisimilitude. 
 Neither, considering the character of Correggio, is there 
 any such inconsistency in the story as to render it in- 
 credible. The objection that sixty crowns in copper 
 would weigh two hundred pounds, and therefore be an 
 impossible weight for a man to carry, is a mere quibble. 
 It only proves that the quantity is exaggerated, and not 
 that the main story is false. 
 
 The character of Vespasian has been painted in the 
 brightest colours. Avarice alone sullied his virtues. 
 This must have been no slight or temporary blot, or his 
 eulogist and client, Tacitus, would not have recorded it. 
 It was too palpable and notorious to be concealed, and the 
 historian found himself, however reluctantly, compelled to 
 confess it. 
 
 VESPASIAN. 
 
 ( 'From a coin in the Museum of Florence.)* 
 
 It is not improbable, that he inherited this vice; for his 
 father, having saved money in the business of a collector 
 
 * This head enables us to point out a characteristic difference 
 between the convexity of the Jewish Nose and the Roman. The 
 convexity of the former commences at the eyes, and if it afterwards 
 aquilines, the Nose is ^ or y ) according as I. or IV. prevails. The 
 convexity of the Roman Nose is confined to the centre of the Nose, 
 and occasions its aquilineness. 
 
OF THE JEWISH NOSE. 
 
 9? 
 
 of the revenue and retired from the office, was unable to 
 resist the love of gain, and subsequently acquired a con- 
 siderable fortune by lending money at usurious interest. 
 The prudence and sagacity with which the young 
 Yespasian regulated his conduct during the dangerous 
 reigns of the brutal Caligula and Nero, indicates his 
 penetration and sagacity. It must have been by no 
 trifling tact and ingenuity that he escaped death for the 
 heinous offence of appearing inattentive while the Emperor 
 Nero was singing. The same shrewdness and insight 
 into character enabled him while in a private station to 
 redeem his ruined fortune by horse-dealing; a science 
 always notorious for its unscrupulous scheming and dis- 
 honest sharp practice ; and in which the hawk-nosed 
 Syrian Arabs have ever excelled all other nations. 
 
 Titus, the successor and son of Vespasian, inherited 
 his father’s profile, and it is a marked corroboration of 
 our theory that avarice is the only vice attributed to that 
 otherwise virtuous prince. 
 
 It must, however, be observed, that the Noses, both of 
 Yespasian and his son, were not purely Jewish, but 
 Judceo-Roman JI ; a formation which corresponds accu- 
 rately with other peculiarities in the character of those 
 great generals, too well known to need further elucidation. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 OF THE SNUB NOSE AND THE CELESTIAL NOSE. 
 
 Classes V and VI. — The Snub Nose and the Tubn-UT (goeticl 
 
 Celestial) Nose. 
 
 The form of the former is sufficiently indicated by its name. The 
 latter is distinguished by its presenting a continuous concavity from 
 the eyes to the tip. It is converse in shape to the Jewish Nose. 
 N.B. It must not be confounded with a Nose which, belonging to 
 one of the other Classes in the upper part, terminates in a slight 
 distention of the tip; for this, so far from prejudicing the cha- 
 racter, rather adds to it warmth and activity. 
 
 R 
 
98 
 
 OF THE SNUB NOSE. 
 
 We associate the Snub and the Celestial in nearly the same cate- 
 gory, as they both indicate natural weakness ; mean, disagreeable 
 disposition ; with petty insolence, and divers other characteristics 
 of conscious weakness, which strongly assimilate them (indeed, a 
 true Celestial Nose is only a Snub turned up); while their general 
 poverty of distinctive character makes it almost impossible to dis- 
 tinguish their psychology. Nevertheless, there is a difference 
 between their indications; arising, however, rather from degree 
 than character. The Celestial is, by virtue of its greater length, 
 decidedly preferable to the Snub, as it has all the above unfortunate 
 propensities in a much less degree, and is not without some share 
 of small shrewdness and fox-like common sense ; on which, how- 
 ever, it is apt to presume, and is, therefore, a more impudent Nose 
 than the Snub. 
 
 It is with considerable distaste and reluctance that we 
 approach the latter divisions of our Classification. Pcenitet 
 me hujus Nasi. We wish we had never undertaken to 
 write of these Noses. Having done so, however, we must 
 fulfil our engagement. But the mind shrinks from the 
 thought, that after contemplating the powerful Roman- 
 nosed movers of the world’s destinies, or the refined and 
 elegant Greek-nosed arbiters of art, or the deep and 
 serious-minded thinkers with Cogitative Noses, it must 
 descend to the horrid bathos, the imbecile inanity of the 
 Snub. 
 
 Perhaps the reader expects that we are going to be 
 very funny on the subject of these Noses. But we are 
 not; — far from it. A Snub Nose is to us a subject of 
 most melancholy contemplation. We behold in it a proof 
 of the degeneracy of the human race. We feel that such 
 was not the shape of Adam’s Nose ; that the original 
 type has been departed from ; that the depravity of man’s 
 heart has extended itself to its features, and that, to parody 
 Cowper’s line, purloined, by the bye, from Cowley : 
 
 “ God made the Roman, and man made the Snub.” 
 
 Fortunately for our hypothesis, and for our feelings, we 
 cannot find a single instance of the existence of either the 
 Celestial or the Snub among celebrated persons, except 
 in those who are illustrious by courtesy rather than by 
 their actions, and whom station, not worth, has made 
 
AND THE CELESTIAL NOSE, 
 
 99 
 
 conspicuous. The following are the only instances of tlie 
 Celestial Nose which our pictorial sources furnish : — 
 
 James I. 
 
 Richard Cromwell. 
 
 Mary, wife of William III. 
 
 George I. 
 
 Kosciusko. 
 
 Boswell. 
 
 The “ British Solomon” was unquestionably a witty 
 man, without being a wise one. In a subsequent chapter, 
 we take occasion to observe, that the exhibitions of cha- 
 racter in women are, from different causes, diverse from 
 those in men ; and that as to the Celestial Nose, a woman 
 so endowed appears more witty than a similarly nosed 
 man, because she can dare to say what his fear of cor- 
 poreal chastisement would restrain. But kings, by their 
 position, are placed above such fear, and assume by then- 
 rank what is granted to a woman for her sex. Hence the 
 impudence of the Celestial may develop itself in a king ; 
 and James I was enabled to utter witticisms which he 
 would have prudently kept within his breast had he 
 occupied an inferior station. 
 
 There are few individuals of whom more smart things 
 are recorded than of J ames I ; but they are nearly all of 
 a character which none but a chartered libertine — a king, 
 a fool, or a woman t— dare utter. 
 
 Peculiar circumstances won Kosciusko somewhat of a 
 name, for it was rather from sympathy with his cause 
 than from admiration of his abilities, that it was ever 
 bruited in men’s mouths, or is yet remembered. Had he 
 been gifted with a Roman Nose, that is, had his soul been 
 Roman, energetic, dignified and self-reliant, Poland might 
 have risen again into the rank of nations. But he sub- 
 mitted to crouch beneath the rod of Napoleon, temporizing 
 and treating for benefits for which it was his duty to have 
 fought ; and the nation, which looked to him for assistance, 
 was compelled to share his degraded fate, and become the 
 despised tool of an all-grasping despot. He had, however, 
 a share of the Cogitative with the Celestial ; and thus 
 
 H 2 
 
100 
 
 OF THE SNUB NOSE. 
 
 a fiords an instance of an union so rare, that it is only 
 to be regarded as an exception to the rule laid down, that 
 Class III is never associated with V and VI. 
 
 KOSCIUSKO. 
 
 Boswell, who has attained that sort of eminence which 
 a monkey might secure by mounting itself on the head of 
 an elephant, affords a striking corroboration of all the 
 characteristics attributed to the Snubbo-Celestial Nose. 
 What a contrast between his short, retrousse nose and the 
 profoundly Cogitative and well-developed proboscis of the 
 literary giant on whose broad shoulders he elevated him- 
 self, to display his mountebankism, and the self-degradation 
 of which his silly vanity made him unconscious. It was 
 the very excess of his self-esteem which made him uncon- 
 scious of the kicks and blows which his self-esteem was 
 continually doomed to receive at the hands of bis “illus- 
 trious friend.” His impudent vanity and blind obtuseness 
 rendered him insensible to the taunts and jeers, the ridi- 
 cule and contempt, which were lavished upon his imper- 
 turbable imbecility. The great moralist tolerated his 
 presence for the sake of his flattery, and the utility of his 
 companionship when no one else would familiarize them- 
 selves with the “ literary bear.” Habit made his presence 
 essential ; and Bos ( well — rather from natural weakness than 
 Btudied servility — was too useful a target for the arrows of 
 
AND THE CELESTIAL NOSE. 
 
 101 
 
 the cross satirist, to be lightly laid aside by one to whom 
 disputation and contradiction were necessary stimulants. 
 
 Every page in Boswell’s biography of Johnson demon- 
 strates the meanness of his disposition and the weakness 
 of his mind, redeemed only by a certain small shrewdness 
 and fox-like common sense , very useful to draw out, the 
 aphorisms of his patron. His inherent impudence prompted 
 him to thrust himself into the society of the great literary 
 characters of the day, Johnson, Voltaire, Rousseau, &c., 
 where his vanity and self-esteem, coupled with his obtuse- 
 ness of intellect, sustained him, by rendering him as 
 impervious to their sarcasms and rebuffs, as the hide of 
 the rhinoceros is to the darts which would speedily anni- 
 hilate a more highly organized and sensitive animal. 
 
 Nevertheless, the world owes much to Boswell’s imbe- 
 cility. His mind was a tabula rasa , on which were 
 written down for our edification the sayings of a great 
 sage, pure and unalloyed, but which, if transmitted through 
 a mind of greater capacity, would have lost much of their 
 truthfulness and fidelity. 
 
 Murat presents an instance of an illustrious Snub. 
 But it is notorious that Murat was never anything but a 
 tool in the hands of Napoleon. He was quite incompetent 
 to stand alone. He was a peacock’s feather in the hands 
 of a juggler — veering with the directive motion and breath 
 of the skilful balancer. Where he was laid, there he lay ; 
 where he was set up, there he stood. Such men were 
 very needful to Napoleon. They were his best puppet- 
 kings, by which he hoped to govern Europe. Sometimes 
 he made a mistake, as in Bernadotte and his brother 
 Louis; but Murat and Joseph were most skilfully selected 
 to obey his ambitious impulses. Perhaps — as he is said to 
 have chosen able men for their long noses — he selected 
 these for their Snubs. Murat especially rejoiced in a most 
 egregious Snub, and certainly exhibited no mental qualifi- 
 cations to belie the inference to be drawn from that form of 
 Nose. 
 
 It is an important and very obvious corroboration of the 
 truth of Nasology, that the noses of children are generally 
 Snub or Celestial. This arises from their minds being 
 
102 
 
 OF THE SNUB NOSE, 
 
 unformed, and their characters undeveloped. As they 
 grow up, their minds gradually expand, their characters 
 assume individuality ; and, coincident therewith, their 
 Noses acquire the formation expressive of their mental 
 tendencies. 
 
 In little children, Snub or Celestial Noses are beautiful, 
 because they are congruous with our ideas of the ductility 
 and gentleness of childhood. A child with a great Roman 
 nose projecting from its rounded cheeks and innocent eyes, 
 would be an ugly child, though every feature were indi- 
 vidually perfect, because its nose would bespeak a force 
 and independence of mind which are revolting in a little 
 child. 
 
 As we should recoil from a child which endeavoured to 
 entertain us with discourse suitable to a man of mature 
 years, instead of with innocent prattle, so we instinctively 
 dislike in a child the features belonging to manhood. The 
 beautiful harmony which reigns throughout all the works 
 of Nature, is in nothing more manifest than in the con- 
 gruity between the mind and the features, especially in 
 characterizing infantile and undeveloped minds by infantile 
 and undeveloped features. 
 
 For the same reasons that the Snub prevails among 
 children, the same form prevails among savage nations and 
 the uneducated classes of civilized states. The Noses of 
 nations very low in the scale of civilization are for the 
 most part of a very flat and mean formation, of which 
 several instances will be adduced in a subsequent chapter ; 
 and the Noses of the uneducated classes in every country 
 exhibit for the most part a greater proportion of Snubs 
 and Celestials than the Noses of the more highly educated 
 portions of the community : and this is more marked 
 when the want of education has subsisted for several suc- 
 cessive generations. 
 
 From fictitious works, which have raised to celebrity 
 imaginary characters of every mental calibre, innumerable 
 examples might be adduced ; for all accurate observers, 
 whether ancient or modern, have — without being pro- 
 fessed Nasologists — unconsciously verified our hypothesis, 
 and associated the Nose with character. 
 
AND THE CELESTIAL NOSE 
 
 103 
 
 The inimitable Dickens, and his equally clever illus- 
 trator Cruikshank, both of whom owe their power to their 
 correct observation and delineation of character, afford 
 many well-known examples, Had the hypothesis been 
 founded on Oliver Twist and its illustrations, it could not 
 have been more strikingly substantiated by them, than it 
 is — thus proving that if we err, we err in company with 
 observers of more than common accuracy, and whose 
 observations have been verified by the applauses of all. 
 In that work we have the shrewd penetrative Jew with 
 his Hawk-nose ; the mild, but high-minded Oliver Twist, 
 with his fine Greek Nose ; the Artful Dodger and his 
 brother-pals with their characteristic Snubs and Celestials. 
 A reference to the plates, and the author’s pen-and-ink 
 portraits, in this and other works, will confirm oar right 
 to claim these artists in pen and pencil as Nasologists. 
 
 The same remarks would be equally applicable to 
 Hogarth’s illustrations of life in every grade. Observe the 
 important use he makes of the Nose to elevate or degrade 
 his characters. Compare for this purpose the Romano- 
 Greek Nose of the Industrious Apprentice with the 
 Snubbo-Celestial Nose of the Idle Apprentice. Nor does 
 Hogarth fall into the vulgar error of ridiculing rank and 
 station by features ; with him features indicate mind only. 
 He used them to exhibit intellect and honesty, or imbe- 
 cility, vice, and vulgarity, in whatever station. The 
 Distressed Poet in his garret has a more intellectual nose 
 and countenance than the vicious and noble in Marriage 
 a-la mode, or the imbecile fop in the Rake’s Progress. 
 
 Raffaelle likewise avails himself of the Nose to give 
 intellectual power and dignity to the Apostles, Peter and 
 John, in contrast with the uneducated beggar whose lame- 
 ness they miraculously cured at the beautiful gate of the 
 Temple. 
 
 Even the distinctive characters of the two Apostles are 
 developed in their Noses; the loving, confiding, gentle 
 John by a Greek Nose, the energetic and fiery Peter by a 
 Roman Nose. 
 
 But why multiply instances when every accurate pour- 
 trayer of character furnishes abundant examples? 
 
104 
 
 OP THE SNLTB NOSE. 
 
 The only authority which we have consulted on the 
 subject of Noses, is one from whose works we have already 
 quoted. It never can be forgotten that the inimitable 
 Tristram Shandy has slightly touched upon the subject 
 when describing the unhappy catastrophe which, even in 
 his very earliest years, demolished his Nose. 
 
 It appears that Mr. Shandy, senior, was a sagacious, an 
 observant, and a learned man. We need not add, there- 
 fore, that he was deeply impressed with the importance of 
 his son having a good Nose ; and most pathetic was his 
 sorrow when the bridge of it was broken. His own 
 family had suffered through several generations from a 
 defect in the length of an ancestor’s Nose. His great- 
 grandfather, when tendering his hand and heart to the 
 lady who afterwards consented to make him “ the happiest 
 of men,” was forced to capitulate to her terms, owing to 
 the brevity of his Nose. 
 
 “ It is most unconscionable, Madam,” said he, “ that 
 you, who have only two thousand pounds to your fortune, 
 should demand from me an allowance of three hundred 
 pounds a year.” 
 
 “ Because you have no Nose, Sir.” 
 
 “ ’Sdeath! Madam, ’tis a very good Nose.” 
 
 “ ’Tis for all the world like an ace-of-clubs.” 
 
 “My great-grandfather was silenced:” and for many 
 years after the Shandy family was burdened with the 
 payment of this large annuity out of a small estate, 
 because his great-grandfather had a Snub Nose. Well 
 might Mr. Shandy (the father of Tristram) say, “ that no 
 family, however high, could stand against a succession 
 of short Noses !” 
 
 In lack of other instances, we have introduced those 
 of fictitious writers ; for they corroborate our views, and 
 serve to thicken other proofs which in this Class do 
 demonstrate thinly. And this necessarily so. For we 
 have determined to refrain from giving examples from 
 our personal acquaintance, and the Snubs have never any 
 of them won such eminence, as to have their names handed 
 down by fame, or their portraits limned for the benefit 
 of posterity. The evidence in these two last Classes is 
 necessarily negative. 
 
AND THE CELESTIAL NOSE. 
 
 105 
 
 Their best proof lies in their want of proofs. They 
 will, however, receive some general illustration when we 
 come to speak of national Noses. 
 
 It now only remains to treat of some obstinate Noses 
 which will not come within our classification. 
 
 One of these is that curious formation, a compound of 
 Roman, Greek, Cogitative, and Celestial, with the addition 
 of a button at the end, prefixed to the front of my Lord 
 Brougham. We are bound from its situation to admit 
 that it is a Nose, and we must, therefore, treat of it ; but 
 it’s a queer one. “ Sure such a Nose was never seen.” 
 
 It is a most eccentric Nose ; it comes within no possible 
 category ; it is like no other man’s ; it has good points, 
 and bad points, and no point at all. When you think it 
 is going right on for a Roman, it suddenly becomes a 
 Greek ; when you have written it down Cogitative, it 
 becomes as sharp as a knife. At first view it seems a 
 Celestial ; but Celestial it is not ; its Celestiality is not 
 heavenward, but right out into illimitable space, pointing 
 — we know not where. It is a regular Proteus ; when 
 you have caught it in one shape, it instantly becomes 
 another. Turn it, and twist it, and view it how, when, 
 or where you wall, it is never to be seen twice in the same 
 shape, and all you can say of it is, that it’s a queer one. 
 And such exactly is my Lord Brougham — verily my Lord 
 Brougham, and my Lord Brougham’s Nose have not their 
 likeness in heaven or earth — and the button at the end is 
 the cause of it all. 
 
 Thus, though Lord Brougham’s Nose is an exception 
 to our classification, it is not, as has been asserted, an 
 exception to our system. On the contrary, it is mani- 
 festly a strong corroboration of it. The only exceptions 
 are those where the character does not tcorrespond ivith the 
 Nose , and of those we have yet to hear. 
 
 There is another Nose which is not included in the 
 classification, but which, though not peculiar to one indi- 
 vidual, is nevertheless not sufficiently frequent to demand 
 placing there. This we call the Parabolic Nose. It would 
 have been a good Nose if it had gone on as it began ; but 
 
106 
 
 OF THE SNUB NOSE. 
 
 having from some cause taken an inward curve too soon, 
 its good qualities become nearly nullified. It presents a 
 continued Parabolic curve, where it ought to extend into 
 an angular tip. This sudden abbreviation of course 
 weakens the character, but, as it leaves the good qualities 
 of the upper part still inherent, the character retains good 
 points ; but being disabled from reasoning justly on its 
 good intentions, it acquires the character of obstinacy, 
 and of acting from pig-headedness, instead of from rational 
 forethought. 
 
 Geokge III. presents the best-known example of this 
 Nose. 
 
 Another striking example occurs in Blanco White. 
 There were considerable points of identity between their 
 characters. 
 
 They were both honest, conscientious men, anxious to 
 find out and pursue the right course, but both were too 
 hasty in jumping to conclusions to form accurate judg- 
 ments. Blanco White, anxious to embrace truth, led a 
 regular harlequin dance after her all his life, and died in 
 motley. One leg red and the other blue, with a jacket 
 of various colours, and a coxcomb of brilliant self-conceit. 
 His last verdict, after rambling through divers forms of 
 religion and no religion, was, “ I am neither Trinitarian, 
 nor Unitarian, nor yet Arian.” First Roman Catholic, 
 then Atheist, then Church of England, then Unitarian, 
 then Arian, then Omniarian, his ardent, hasty mind settled 
 like a butterfly on the first bright flower which fluttered 
 in the breeze, for a time imbibed and luxuriated on its 
 honey, and then flew off to suck the sweets of some other 
 plant. Thus he fluttered on, a varied, anxious, unsettled 
 existence, gathering honey, but making none; and when 
 the colds and storms of winter came, he sank before them. 
 
 The instances of the Parabolic Nose are, however, too few 
 among celebrated persons to enable us to supply illustra- 
 tions probative of the accuracy of our notions of its indica- 
 tions. It is, however, by no means an uncommon Nose, 
 and from personal observation among our cotemporaries, 
 we should say that it is not a very desirable form, as we 
 incline to think that it indicates obstinacy without any 
 
OP FEMININE NOSES. 
 
 107 
 
 great elevation of mind, or deep capacity of reasoning. 
 But it would perhaps, at present, be most prudent not to 
 express decidedly what are its indications, &c. Should 
 we be able to do so at any future time, it will be entitled 
 to stand as Class VII. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 OF FEMININE NOSES. 
 
 The subject of Nasology would not be complete without 
 some observations on the Feminine Nose, because sex 
 modifies the indications, some of which, though disagree- 
 able and repulsive in a man, are rather pleasing, fasci- 
 nating, and bewitching in a woman, and vice versa. 
 
 It is the fashion for women to aspire to equality with 
 the other sex, and as long as they will be content with an 
 equality, in a different orbit, they are undoubtedly entitled 
 to it. It should, however, be the equality of planets — 
 each perfect and beautiful, each useful and beneficial in its 
 sphere; but pregnant with disorder and confusion when 
 Venus would invade the orbit of Jupiter, or intrude within 
 the circuit of Mars. 
 
 No intelligent man denies to woman such an equality ; 
 but as certainly as a good housewife would pin a dish-cloth 
 to the coat-tail of a husband prying into the mysteries of 
 the kitchen and claiming equality with his wife in the 
 household sphere, so surely will men cry out against and 
 turn with disgust from women who invade their province 
 of warriors, statesmen, merchants, &c. 
 
 Nevertheless, let us not be misunderstood, or be accused 
 of including in a sweeping clause those cases which are, of 
 right, exceptions. A woman may be placed in such a po- 
 sition that active life is her legitimate sphere, and that if 
 she neglects or devolves its cares upon others she is culp- 
 able. We all feel an enthusiastic respect for the noble 
 Boadicea, arousing her pusillanimous countrymen against 
 the cruel ravages of the Romans, and dwell with admira- 
 tion on Elizabeth haranguing her army at Tilbury and 
 
108 
 
 OF FEMININE NOSE3. 
 
 personally engaging in affairs of State, because they were 
 occupied in duties which became a monarch; yet if a 
 woman, who has no call to any higher duties than those of 
 domestic life, were to leave them to engage in the contests 
 of warriors or the turmoil of politics, we should regard her 
 as an unfeminine virago. Notwithstanding, though the 
 woman may in some cases be needfully sunk in the station, 
 those duties which become the former will still engage more 
 of our love and regard than those which belong to the lat- 
 ter ; and our own graceful Queen has secured, by her happy 
 union of the duties of both, more of the love and respect of 
 her people than any of her predecessors on the throne of 
 these realms. 
 
 The energies and tastes of women are generally less in- 
 tense than those of men; hence their characters appear 
 less developed and exhibit greater uniformity. That their 
 passions are stronger is undeniable, but these do not con- 
 stitute character, nor are exhibited in the Nose. Their 
 indexes are the eyes and mouth, and therefore their con- 
 sideration forms no part of the present subject. This 
 uniformity of character is noticed by Pope in a line which 
 at first sight reads libellous, either because it appears to 
 refer to moral conduct — which it does not — or because it 
 is too sweeping and exaggerated. He asserts roundly, 
 
 “ Most women have no characters at all.” 
 
 No characters at all, is obviously false ; but, as compared 
 to men, as near the truth as most general epigrammatic 
 rules are. It is in the latter sense that Pope used it to 
 illustrate the difficulty of discussing “ The characteristics 
 of Women” after a dissertation on those of men. The line, 
 however, was truer in his time than it is now, when more 
 general and more liberal education has tended very much 
 to break up the uniformity of character which existed 
 among the inane ladies of Pope’s era. 
 
 Nevertheless, whether repressed by Art or curtailed by 
 Nature, women’s characters certainly appear less developed 
 than those of men. If by Nature, it is a blessed provision 
 — as all nature’s providings are. It is the woman’s place 
 to be in rational subjection to the man; and though the 
 
OF FEMININE NOSES. 
 
 109 
 
 sweet saints would sooner tear out the eyes of St. Paul* 
 (we wonder he is such a favourite with them) than confess 
 his precepts in terms, yet they do not fear to acknowledge 
 that they have no respect for the man who succumbs to his 
 wife, or admiration for the woman who aspires to denude 
 her husband of his appropriate symbols of masterdom. 
 
 If this happy inferiority — an inferiority which places 
 them far above men in practical wisdom, inasmuch as it 
 consists in shrewd, practical common sense, against a man’s 
 intellectual blundering — if this happy inferiority is the 
 result of Art, they exhibit in its adoption much sound wis- 
 dom. Man is an insolent, domineering, self-sufficient 
 animal — let him say what he will about the elevation of 
 the female mind, we believe no man ever fell in love with 
 the woman whom he felt to be wiser than himself. He 
 could not endure for a partner for life, such a perpetual 
 looking-glass and reminder of his own infirmities ; he could 
 not bear the constant attestation of his own weakness. He 
 could regard patiently the vaunted accomplishments of 
 another man, but he could not submit that his wife should 
 be his acknowledged superior, and to be her foil — perhaps 
 fool. 
 
 Hence it is that wise men, so frequently that it is become 
 proverbial, marry silly women. However much a learned 
 man may admire female accomplishments, he detests a 
 woman who strives to rival him in his own sphere, who is 
 talking philosophy when he would be whispering ‘ k soft 
 nothings,” and who freezes his ardent admiration with a 
 dissertation on mathematics, or a moral discourse on self- 
 control. He can bend, like any other man, with intense 
 joy, over the blushing girl who tremblingly believes that 
 her eyes are brighter and more lovely than the stars over 
 her head; but would fling from him with disgust the 
 woman who would lepresshis harmless and true — because 
 soul-felt — flattery, with a philosophical disquisition on the 
 nature, distances, and offices of the aforesaid stars. And 
 it is because learned women too often strive by this inju- 
 dicious ill-timed wisdom, to catch learned men for hus- 
 bands, (and there are no more determined husband-hunters 
 
 * Ephes. v. 22— 24. 
 
110 
 
 OF FEMININE NOSES. 
 
 than blue-stocking women, because they are always within 
 a year or two of being shelved), that the latter are neces- 
 sarily flung into the arms of women who they know can’t 
 bore them with an eternal round of sense, from which every 
 one is glad occasionally to escape, and never more so than 
 when he is in love. 
 
 Hence it is that blue-stocking women are proverbially 
 avoided by men ; not because men despise or dislike their 
 learning, but because they make such ill-timed use of it. 
 They may be admired, but they are never loved ; they may 
 talk as learnedly as is in their power, but learning never 
 won a lover, much less a husband. Ver. sap. my dear lady 
 reader, and if you don’t understand the abbreviate, ask — 
 ask — anybody, but your husband. 
 
 “ Yes, Love, indeed, is light from heaven, 
 
 A spark of that immortal fire, 
 
 By angels shared, to mortals given. 
 
 To lift from earth our low desire.” 
 
 And shall heaven-born love bow to mortal wisdom ? Shall 
 the God whom Jove himself obeys, become the slave of 
 Minerva ? No ! let Love wear the cap and bells of Folly, 
 but shroud him not in the cold cerements of the Goddess of 
 Wisdom ! Be assured, the doves of Venus will never nestle 
 under the dusky wings of the sage owl of innupta Minerva, 
 who, herself, could never win a husband, or a lover, from 
 the whole host of Olympus. 
 
 Whatever the cause, it is almost indisputable that 
 women’s characters are generally less developed than those 
 of men ; and this fact accurately accords with the usual 
 development of their Noses. But for a small hiatus in the 
 prosody, Pope's line would read equally well thus: — 
 
 “ Most women have no Noses at all.” 
 
 Not, of course, that the nasal appendage is wanting, any 
 more than Pope intended by the original line that women’s 
 characteristics were wholly negative ; but that, like their 
 characters, their Noses are, for the most part, cast in a 
 smaller and less developed mould than the Nose masculine. 
 
 In judging of the Nose feminine, therefore, comparison 
 must not be made with the masculine, but with other femi 
 
OF FEMININE NOSES. Ill 
 
 nine Noses. All the rules and classifications apply to the 
 one as well as the other, but allowance is to be made for 
 sex. 
 
 The Roman Nose largely developed in a woman mars 
 beauty, and imparts a hardness and masculine energy to 
 the face which is unpleasing, because opposed to our ideas 
 of woman’s softness and gentle temperament. In a man 
 we admire stern energy and bold independence, and can 
 even forgive, for their sakes, somewhat of coarseness ; but 
 in a woman the former are, at the least, unprepossessing 
 and unfeminine, and the latter is utterly intolerable. 
 Woman’s best sustainer is a pure mind ; man’s a bold 
 heart. 
 
 Moreover, the exhibition of character in women should 
 be different from that in men. From the masculine Roman 
 Nose we may justly look for energy in the active depart- 
 ments of life, but in a woman its indications are appropri- 
 ately exhibited in firmness and regularity in those duties 
 which legitimately fall to her lot. We do not desire to 
 see a woman so endowed, launch out, uncalled for, into the 
 bustle and turmoil of the world, or endeavour to take the 
 reins of government from her husband, though she may 
 be equally well fitted for the task : but we are content to 
 see her govern her household with energy, and train up 
 her children in a systematic and uniform manner. 
 
 She will form her plans of household management with 
 promptitude, and carry them out with undeviating firm- 
 ness and decision ; and her husband will act wisely, for 
 his own sake, not to interfere with her, so long as her 
 energy does not carry her into his department. 
 
 But if woman’s circumstances place her in a more ex 
 tended sphere, her career will afford an example to illus- 
 trate our hypothesis as well as that of a man. Of this we 
 have an example in the illustrious Roman Lady, Livia, the 
 wife of Augustus. 
 
 Her Nose presents a combination of the Roman and the 
 Greek, and contains as much of the former class as is com- 
 patible with female beauty. The accounts which are 
 handed down concerning her are very contradictory : 
 some describe her as chaste as the icicle that hangs oa 
 
OF FEMININE NOSES. 
 
 <1 * 
 4 A. W 
 
 Gian’s temple, and qualified to lead a chorus of vestals, 
 while others accuse her of licentiousness and criminal 
 amours It is, however, undeniable that she was a woman 
 
 livia. 
 
 (From a coin in the Museum of Florence.) 
 
 of considerable power of mind, which she exercised ener- 
 getically and shrewdly in procuring the aggrandizement 
 of her son Tiberius, on whose head she finally succeeded 
 in placing the imperial tiara. Her Roman energy was 
 nevertheless refined by an infusion of Greek elegance, and 
 she was a liberal patroness of arts and literature. Her 
 career likewise illustrates another maxim ; that what 
 woman’s character wants in development, is often com- 
 pensated by superior passion. Livia was sustained more 
 by the strength of her affections than by personal ambition. 
 It was her son’s and not her own aggrandizement that she 
 sedulously pursued; and if the lives of the majority of 
 ambitious women were examined, it would be found that 
 they more frequently sought to exalt some object of their 
 affections— a husband or a child — than themselves. 
 
 This, however, was not the case with the purely Roman - 
 Nosed Elizabeth. She had no affection for any one but 
 herself ; and the energy and determination, combined with 
 
OP FEMININE NOSES. 
 
 113 
 
 the coarseness of her character, correspond accurately with 
 the indications of her Nose. 
 
 The most beautiful form of Nose in woman is the Greek. 
 It is essentially a feminine Nose, and it is in its higher 
 indications that women generally excel. 
 
 This Nose will not carry them out of their natural 
 sphere, and it is for this reason that it is so beautiful. 
 Congruity is harmony; and harmony is essential to the 
 beautiful. A woman gifted with the feelings of a poet, 
 need not fear to give them full sway. In some of the 
 most beautiful and touching departments of poetic talent 
 women equal — perhaps excel — men. Scarcely half a 
 
 century has elapsed since women were permitted to culti- 
 vate unreservedly the fields of literature, but that brief 
 period has incontrovertibly proved the ability of women 
 to pourtray with superior truth and pathos all that relates 
 to the affections, the sentiments, and the moral and reli- 
 gious duties of mankind. 
 
 The names of Hannah More, Barbauld, Edgeworth, 
 Tighe, Hemans, De Stael, and other lamented writers, 
 together with those of several who still survive, place this 
 assertion beyond the pale of controversy. The Noses of 
 the above-named gifted women were Greco-Cogitative. 
 
 MBS. HEMANS. 
 
 But the power of expression, though essential to a 
 poet, is not necessary to a poetic mind. It may exist as 
 Etrongly in one who has no words of fire to give its 
 
 i 
 
114 
 
 OF FEMININE NOSES. 
 
 creations utterance as in one wlio pours forth in lavish 
 self-abandonment the riches of his soul. 
 
 “ Oh many are the Poets that are sown 
 By Nature; men endowed with highest gifts. 
 
 The vision and the faculty divine, 
 
 Yet wanting the accomplishment of verse.” 
 
 WOBDSWOBTH. 
 
 Neither is the Greek Nose a necessary index of a poetic 
 faculty. That form may adorn the face, but no rap- 
 turous fervour exalt the mind ; although it will frequently 
 accompany a poetic temperament, because it indicates 
 refinement and purity of taste. These are its invariable 
 indications, and in these every woman so gifted will 
 excel ; for to excel in these is almost her peculiar pro- 
 vince. 
 
 In the minor and domestic departments of life, where 
 woman’s influence is so peculiarly blessed, the refine- 
 ment of the Greek Nose will appear in those household 
 arrangements which make home the happiest and most 
 beloved spot on earth. It will exhibit itself in her 
 needlework by an artistic arrangement of colours and a 
 poetic choice of subjects ; in a neat and elegant attire, 
 in the decoration of her drawing-room, or in the para- 
 phernalia of her boudoir. Nor need it be confined to 
 those elegancies which seem to belong exclusively to the 
 higher classes — a cup of flowers in a cottage window, the 
 well-selected trimmings of a Sunday cap, or a pretty orna- 
 ment on the mantel -shelf will equally be an evidence of a 
 refined taste, and found to accompany the Greek Nose. 
 
 The Cogitative Nose does not so frequently appear among 
 women as among men. Women rather feel than think. 
 Their perceptions are instinctive, intuitive; men’s cogitative. 
 They are shrewder and more instantaneous in estimating 
 character, or in deciding an action, than men. Men must 
 think, and fume, and tret, before they can decide; must, 
 in common parlance, set the head (reason) against the 
 heart (instinct) ; while women rely more on the latter, and 
 are consequently, in judging of character, or in deciding 
 on a course of moral conduct, more frequently right than men. 
 
OF FEMININE NOSES. 
 
 115 
 
 Our advice to a man would be this : if you are at a loss, 
 after long cogitation — as ten to one you will be — to know 
 whether an intended act is morally right, ask a sensible 
 woman, and she will guide you with perfect wisdom in a 
 minute. So, again, if you would know any one’s moral 
 character, let a sensible woman converse with him for five 
 minutes, and she will tell you without fail whether he may 
 be trusted. Only be careful to accept her first dictum ; 
 don’t argue the point with her, nor give her time to think ; 
 have her instinctive decision. If she thinks, she will be 
 ten times more at fault than a man ; and, if you argue the 
 matter with her, she will lead you a dance through as fine 
 a quagmire of absurdities as can be conceived, and there 
 leave you, up to your neck in the slough, without the 
 power — if not without the will — to help you out. And 
 this needfully so. Instinct must ever he a better guide 
 than Reason ; for 
 
 “ In this (Instinct) ’tis God that acts, in that (Reason) ’tis man.” 
 
 “ The perception of a woman,” says Sherlock, “ is as 
 quick as lightning. Her penetration is intuition, almost 
 instinct. By a glance she will draw a quick and just con- 
 clusion. Ask her how she formed it, and she cannot 
 answer the question. While she trusts her instinct she is 
 scarcely ever deceived, but she is generally lost when she 
 begins to reason.” A more accurate picture of the female 
 mind was never drawn ; yet some modern writers have 
 fiercely controverted it. Under a mistaken notion of 
 equalizing women with men, they seek to destroy the indi- 
 vidualism of their character. One witty popular writer has 
 even ventured to assert, that if half-a-dozen boys were 
 brought up as girls, and half-a-dozen girls as boys, the 
 latter would be to all intents psychologically men, and the 
 former psychologically women. Surely a more prepos- 
 terous absurdity nevei won the assent of the unthinking 
 part of the community; nevertheless, it has been warmly 
 applauded and often repeated, as if it were an ascertained 
 fact instead of a ridiculous fancy. 
 
 The Jewish Nose is not very frequent among women. 
 Neither are its indications material to the perfection of 
 
 i 2 
 
116 
 
 OF FEMININE NOSES. 
 
 the female character. It is the duty of men to relieve 
 women from the cares of commercial life, and to stand 
 between them and those who would impose upon their 
 credulity. Moreover, woman’s natural penetration supplies 
 the want of the thoughtful sagacity which protects men in 
 intercommercial relations. 
 
 The remarks which we made on the Snub Nose and the 
 Celestial Nose in men, require to be considerably modified 
 when we treat of those classes in women. 
 
 The Celestial Nose feminine is that which has won so 
 much admiration and celebrity among French writers 
 under the designation of “ le nez retrousse .” They almost 
 universally acknowledge its irresistible piquancy and ani- 
 mation. According to Marmontel, “ un petit nez retrousse 
 renvers les lois d’un empire a dictum which we are not 
 disposed to dispute. 
 
 We confess a lurking penchant , a sort of sneaking affec- 
 tion which we cannot resist, for the latter of these in a 
 woman. It does not command our admiration and respect 
 like the Greek, to which we could bow down as to a 
 goddess, but it makes sad work with our affections. The 
 former, too, is not so unbearable as in a man. It is a 
 great marrer of beauty, undoubtedly ; but merely regarded 
 as an index of weakness, it claims our kindly consideration. 
 Weakness in a woman — which is gentleness, feminancy — 
 is excusable and rather loveable ; while in a man it is 
 detestable. It is woman’s place to be supported, not 
 to support. Hence the classical emblem of the Vine 
 and the Elm is felt to be beautiful and true, because 
 it pourtravs accurately the natural mutual position of 
 husband and wife. A woman, moreover, has gener all y 
 tact sufficient to conceal (often to their entire annihilation) 
 those unprepossessing characteristics of the Snub and the 
 Celestial, which in a weak man become every day more and 
 more strongly marked. A woman’s weakness, too, is rather 
 flattering, as it attests our supremacy; a thing whicJ we 
 like to be constantly reminded of, and of which we are 
 very jealous, as it stands on rather ticklish and much dis- 
 puted ground. 
 
 The impudence, too, which is utterly unendurable in a 
 
OF FEMININE NOSES. 
 
 117 
 
 inale Celestial, and which seems to court contact with the 
 toe of one’s boot, is in a woman rather piquant and inter- 
 esting. A Celestial Nose in a woman is frequently an 
 index of wit. Wit is a talent not emanating from wis- 
 dom ; quite the reverse. The wisest men are ofttimes the 
 slowest. Wisdom comes after thought, wit before it. A 
 Celestial-nosed woman is only more witty than a similarly 
 gifted man, because the impudence which it invariably indi- 
 cates is backed by woman’s ever-ready tact and quickness. 
 
 The indications are not varied ; but the exhibitions are. 
 Even if a man were gifted with the power of uttering 
 the severe witticisms and cutting repartees which are 
 nectar and ambrosia from the lips of a pretty woman, 
 he dare not ; for he would be inevitably kicked down 
 stairs — if the fellow were worth the exertion. 
 
 In a witty woman who can skirmish with unflinching 
 quickness and dexterity, we can even forgive a slight 
 moral delinquency. A little white-lie simpered out with 
 arch assurance by a pair of demure lips, 
 
 “ Like leaves of crimson tulips met,” 
 
 by no means offends us as it would in a man ; in whom 
 Ave should attribute it to low cunning or mean cowardice. 
 Indeed, the exquisite look of arch impudence with which 
 a delicately chiselled marble-ine Celestial tells you a most 
 palpable falsehood is maddening, perfectly beautiful, 
 almost sublime. The cool assurance and sharp raillery 
 with which she persists after detection ! the assumption 
 of injured innocence! the impudent look of defiance J By 
 Jove ! truly 
 
 “ The dear creatures lie with such a grace, 
 
 There’s nothing so becoming to the faee.” 
 
 And then when they are beaten from their last defence, 
 and can resist no longer, when they are compelled to 
 surrender and beg pardon, they do it as if they were for- 
 giving you; and make you feel almost as if you were 
 being forgiven, as if you, not she, had all the while been 
 erring : at all events you feel very like a fool, though 
 
118 
 
 OF FEMININE NOSES. 
 
 very happy ; and so a few tears, and a few (or not a feio) 
 kisses set all to rights, 
 
 “ And so we make it up ; 
 
 And then — and then — and then — sit down and sup.” 
 
 “ Ha, ha, ha!” roars Mr. A. flinging down the book — 
 which he has been reading aloud to his wife — in a paroxysm 
 of laughter. 
 
 “It’s abominable!” exclaims Mrs. A., in high indigna- 
 tion, “ and I wonder, Mr. A. you ain’t ashamed to read it.” 
 
 Mr. A. resumes the book, and his lady continues to 
 listen with great interest, though apparently wholly 
 absorbed by her crochet- work. 
 
 All things considered therefore, and inasmuch as we 
 prefer the naturalness of a witty woman to the artificial- 
 ness of a learned woman, we confess to a liking for the 
 Celestial Nose feminine, while we abhor the masculine. 
 It is not, however, every female Celestial Nose that we 
 admire (Heaven, for our peace’s sake forbid — they are so 
 numerous). It must be of the purest and most delicate 
 chiselling; have no tendency to cogitativeness, lest it 
 should look as if its owner thought ; and its hue must 
 be of the palest and most evanescent flesh-tint. These 
 are essential to indicate that delicacy of mind which alone 
 makes wit in a woman fascinating and which pardons 
 breaches of strict morality committed from the purest and 
 most benevolent intentions. 
 
 This sounds rather paradoxical, but an old Jacobite 
 song will illustrate our meaning. The story goes that a 
 gudewife concealed a north country cousin, one of the 
 adherents of Charlie, in the house, unknown to the gude- 
 man ; and her ingenuity is sorely puzzled to account for 
 certain suspicious phenomena which strike him on his 
 coming home : — 
 
 “ Hame came our gudeman at e’en, 
 
 And hame came he. 
 
 And there he saw a pair o’ boots, 
 
 Where nae the boots should be. 
 
OF FEMININE NOSES. 
 
 119 
 
 “ * And how came these hoots here. 
 
 And whase can they he ? 
 
 And how came thse boots here 
 Without the leave of me ?’ 
 
 ‘ Boots !’ quo’ she; {with amazement) 
 
 * Aye, boots !’ quo’ he. 
 
 “ ‘ Ye auld blind dotard carle. 
 
 And blinder mat ye be ! ( indignantly ) 
 
 It’s hut a pair o’ water-stoups. 
 
 My minnie sent to me. ’ 
 
 * Water-stoups ?’ quo’ he, 
 
 * Aye, water-stoups ;’ quo’ she.” 
 
 {with impudent determination ). 
 
 And so in like manner she unblushingly persists, in 
 order to preserve her guest’s life, that a saddle-horse is a 
 milking cow, and a man’s coat a pair of blankets. Now 
 we are sure this dear woman had a Celestial Nose ; nothing 
 else would have had the ready wit and impudent assurance 
 to attempt so to befool her gudeman, and to persist, with 
 the addition of no slight abuse of his dotard blindness, 
 in her palpable falsehoods ; yet we defy any one not to 
 love the good woman, and excuse her breaches of morality 
 for the sake of her hospitable benevolence. 
 
 Whenever two persons, the one having a large Nose 
 and the other a small one, come into collision, the latter 
 must inevitably yield, unless it is feminine, and takes a 
 Celestial turn. It may then conquer, not by its wisdom or 
 the force of argument, but by its persevering impudence, 
 and harassing petty skirmishing. A wise man may, for 
 the sake of peace and quiet, ostensibly yield to a noisy 
 woman; though there is no real conquest, for he remains 
 unconvinced. 
 
 But a Snub-nosed man must succumb, body and soul, to a 
 Roman-nosed wife ; she will assume the masterdom ; she 
 will endue the breeches; he cannot help himself; under her 
 his nature is subdued, as Marc Antony’s was by Caesar. 
 
 Take warning, therefore, ye Snub Noses; and if ye 
 would be masters at home, marry your likes. Aspire not 
 to wed feminine beauty; it is not for such as you. Marry 
 Snubs; beget Snubs, till the race is extinct. 
 
120 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 We are conscious that in discussing female Noses, we 
 are treading on delicate ground. It is a difficult and 
 nervous subject. We have endeavoured, however, to say 
 nothing but what appeared to us to be plain truth. Never- 
 theless we would apologize if we have given offence to 
 any one, were it not that we forcibly feel the truth of the 
 homely adage, “ the least said the soonest mended,” and 
 therefore hasten to close a chapter which has given us 
 more trouble and anxiety than ah. the rest together. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 The reader will probably have been led from the 
 nomenclature to inquire whether the assertion that certain 
 forms of Nose are justly named after certain nations 
 might not be extended further ? and whether every nation 
 has not a characteristic Nose ? 
 
 The reply to these questionings would be in the affirm- 
 ative. Every nation has a characteristic Nose ; and the 
 less advanced the nation is in civilization, the more 
 general and perceptible is the characteristic form. While 
 nations are in their infancy, and the mass of the people 
 are uninformed, the features receiving no impressions 
 from within, take the form impressed from without, and 
 follow the national type. If one uniform state of things 
 — of government, climate, and habits — continue, without 
 education, generation may succeed generation, and the 
 original facial type of the race will remain. If, however, 
 the national circumstances alter (still without general 
 education) the national features follow the type impressed 
 by those circumstances. We have appealed to many 
 instances of these simultaneous national changes when 
 describing the different forms of Noses prevalent at dif- 
 ferent periods of English history. 
 
 The existence of such typical features has always been 
 recognized, and ethnologists have founded classifications 
 of the Human Race on their peculiarities. 
 
OP NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 121 
 
 It is an additional general proof of the truth of Nasology, 
 that the most highly-organized and intellectual races pos- 
 sess the highest forms of Noses, and those which are more 
 barbarous and uncivilized possess Noses proportionately 
 Snub and depressed, approaching the form of the snouts 
 of the lower animals, which seldom or ever project beyond 
 the jaws. Thus the Caucasian races, denominated by Dr. 
 Prichard Oval-headed, which comprise decidedly the most 
 perfect specimens of the human race, are characterized by 
 a Nose Roman or Greek ; while the lower divisions, the 
 Mongolian or Pyramidal -headed, and the Negro or Prog- 
 nathous (protruding-jawed) — than among which no lower 
 and more debased specimens of humanity subsist — have 
 Noses Celestial or Snub, as in the Tartar and Chinese, 
 the Negro and Hottentot nations. 
 
 In the Caucasian, or Elliptical-headed, types of the 
 Human Race, the Nose averages one-third of the faces. 
 
 In the Mongolian, or Pyramidal-headed, the Nose aver- 
 ages from one-fourth to one-fifth of the face. 
 
 In the Negro, or Prognathous-jawed, it is the same, and 
 the nostrils are conspicuous, as in brutes. 
 
 When hypotheses thus assist and strengthen each 
 other, we gain an assurance of their truth and accuracy 
 which is wanting where they are seemingly contradictory, 
 and which would have been wanting to Nasology, had it 
 contradicted the observations of philosophers so careful 
 and able as Dr. Prichard and his fellow-labourers in the 
 field of ethnology. Happily this is not the case, and 
 Nasology may claim to stand as the handmaid of ethno- 
 logists striving to discover the characteristics of nations. 
 
 Among the more highly-organized races more deviations 
 from the original typical patterns occur than among the 
 lower-organized — because the minds of civilized men are 
 more impressible than those of savages. Travellers have 
 always observed that nothing struck them more on 
 visiting a savage nation than the great uniformity of fea- 
 ture, presenting so great a contrast to the diversities 
 among civilized nations ; so that while a superficial ob- 
 server would suppose it to be impossible to characterize 
 
122 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 the latter by any uniform description, he finds no difficulty 
 in expressing the characteristics of the former. 
 
 Various degrees of culture and occupation produce the 
 greatest possible variations among the individuals of civi- 
 lized nations, while the uniform absence of education and 
 the uniformity of pursuits among savages perpetuate, and 
 perhaps confer, an uniform national physiognomy. 
 
 When education becomes general, nations lose their 
 national typical features ; for the physiognomy becomes 
 so variously impressed from within, according to the 
 different bias and affections of men’s minds, that it 
 ceases to receive those impressions from without, which 
 generate national types. At present, however, there is so 
 little generally diffused education that the typical features 
 of most nations may yet be defined. 
 
 These are not always the original types of the race. 
 Numerous circumstances have among the more civilized 
 nations contributed to produce changes of greater or less 
 magnitude. The various Caucasian nations, for instance, 
 though all descended from one stock, have varied from 
 their original type in their divers migrations from the 
 plains of Asia, and received such typical form as varying 
 circumstances have since impressed. Hence the various 
 Caucasian nations of Europe and Western Asia differ 
 considerably from each other in mental and bodily organi- 
 zation. 
 
 These variations from the original type took place, 
 however, at so early a period, even in the ante -historical 
 period, that historians are apt to regard them as original 
 and innate ; and perhaps it is most convenient for them 
 to do so. But this is not sufficient for the inquirer into 
 the Races of Men. He goes back to ages far beyond the 
 historical, or even the mythic, period ; and, finding these 
 nations are descended from one family, perceives that the 
 present variations must have taken place after the dis- 
 persion of the family into distant localities under leaders 
 of very various temperament and views of social happiness. 
 
 It would lead us too far to inquire whether the ten- 
 dency of Nature to break up certain types into varieties, 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 123 
 
 and form new races — perhaps even new species and 
 genera — was not originally greater than it has been at 
 any period within the knowledge of roan. We see no 
 changes take place now, such as long before even the 
 mythic period, produced from one stock the wild urus, 
 the domestic ox, and the hunched bull of India. Neither 
 do we see new races of men spring up ; such as in the 
 very earliest times produced from one common ancestor 
 the various diverse races of men ; white, black, yellow, 
 and red. 
 
 It is a singular proof both of the tendency of the human 
 race to break into varieties at a very early period, and of 
 the permanency of those varieties in later ages — that the 
 four races into which Blumenbach and the best writers 
 have agreed to divide the races of the old world are dis- 
 tinctly recorded and separated in like manner on some 
 of the most ancient monuments of Egypt. On the tomb 
 of Osirei, father of the Great Eamses, are represented the 
 “ dwellers upon earth as well those of Egypt as those of 
 foreign countries.” Four figures are given in each group, and 
 are coloured to represent the Tawny, the Yellow, the Black, 
 and the White Races, respectively, with features corres- 
 ponding to those of the same races in the present day. 
 Such facts should teach us that the laws which regulate 
 the generation and production of species and races are 
 very different from those which regulate reproduction and 
 succession, and that while we endeavour to explain the 
 laws of origination by the laws of reproduction, we shall 
 never arrive at the true solution of the origination of types. 
 
 It is no poetical fancy that Nature’s infancy was 
 more active than its later years ; that “ Nature wan- 
 toned in her prime,” and produced more gigantic effects 
 than now. Not that the powers of nature are weakened : 
 but the purpose having been accomplished, its workings 
 are stayed by the fiat of the Almighty God, and are 
 employed in sustaining and reproducing, instead of gene- 
 rating anew and creating. When those powers are 
 wanted again, they w'ill spring into undecayed operation ; 
 let a new continent rise from the deep and the new world 
 have to be peopled, and Nature will again resume the 
 
124 
 
 Or NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 gigantic forces of its infancy, and become young to fill 
 with life and activity a young world. 
 
 But at whatever period impressed, certain it is that 
 many nations have a typical form of Nose, together with 
 other peculiar distinctive features ; and it concerns us now 
 rather to regard the fact as it exists than to inquire how it 
 happened. 
 
 The Roman, the Greek, and the Syrian forms of Nose 
 have been already descanted upon, as forming three bases 
 of our nomenclature. The present European nations are 
 the Gothic, the Celtic, the Sclavonic, and the Finnish. 
 
 The Gothic has been subjected to so many varying 
 circumstances that it is now perhaps impossible to assert, 
 with confidence, its original natural form. Where a uniform 
 dull system of despotism, political and religious, has for 
 centuries bound down these nations in abject servitude, the 
 Nose is sharp, devoid of Cogitativeness, and Romano- 
 Greek in profile. 
 
 This is the case with the Spanish Goths and with those 
 of France and Italy. These nations were so long held in 
 mental thraldom that they ceased to cultivate cogitative 
 powers which it was dangerous to use. Where espionage 
 and Lettres de Cachet , the Inquisition and Monachism dog 
 and punish men’s secret thoughts, and forbid the expression 
 of any sentiment breathing a spirit opposed to the powers 
 that be, or demonstrative of a disposition to inquire into 
 the why and wherefore of political and religious dogmas, 
 the mind, by an instinct of self-preservation, must cease to 
 think. Where to think is a death-warrant, where a look 
 of reflection or an aspect of discontent may be followed by 
 the axe of the executioner, or the more fearful incarcera- 
 tion by the gaoler, the mind has no alternative but to forget 
 itself and live in bestial oblivion, to “ sit down to eat and 
 drink and rise up to play.” With the cessation of the 
 Cogitative powers, the Cogitativeness of the features will 
 disappear, and the Nose will become defective in breadth, 
 thin and sharp. To this want of reflection succeeds, in 
 the naturally higher and more energetic nations, animal 
 passion ; and if ever the pressure is removed from the 
 national mind and it obtain the upper hand of its keepers, 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 125 
 
 fearful retribution and sanguinary revenge inevitably ensue. 
 They who lived the animal life of a caged wild beast in 
 apparent ease and quietude, well fed and perhaps, sen- 
 sually, better provided for than if left to their native free- 
 dom, will, when let loose from confinement, fearfully 
 vindicate the natural law of liberty, and with an insane 
 instinct tear in pieces the keepers who have fed them for 
 their own purposes and nurtured them for their own 
 pleasure and profit, reckless of the natural social rights of 
 man. 
 
 It is for this reason that the sharp, thin unthinking 
 Nose appears symbolical likewise of cruelty ; not so much 
 because the natural disposition is cruel, as because the 
 mind, when unchained, acts from animal impulse and not 
 from sage reflection; and animal revenge is always wild 
 and cruel. 
 
 We say this of nations which, like the Gothic and 
 other Caucasian races, were originally well organized and 
 endowed with higher capacities. This higher organization 
 exhibits itself — whatever the degrees of Cogitativeness 
 which incidental circumstances may have added, or 
 adeemed — an a profile, Roman, or Greek, or compounded 
 of both ; and which may therefore be called nationally 
 Romano-Greek. The profile not being so subject to 
 variation from the pressure of external circumstances as 
 the breadth, remains still pretty uniformly the same in all 
 the Caucasian races in Europe, which might be written 
 5j. Other races there are which, either naturally of less 
 penetrable stuff, and a lower and more obtuse organization, 
 or longer ground down beneath a more crushing and 
 uniform despotism, remain contented slaves and willing 
 bondmen. This degradation, as we shall see when we 
 come to speak of the Asiatic nations, appears also in their 
 Noses. 
 
 France, Spain, and Italy have been depressed, not only 
 beneath a political despotism till within a very recent 
 period, but under the still more soul-crushing despotism 
 of a gross superstition and corrupt religion — the latter 
 even more than the former has repressed Cogitativeness 
 in those nations. If there is one subject which more than 
 
126 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 another interests the human mind and occupies the 
 thoughts, it is its religion — its eternal prospects — for Man 
 is essentially a religious animal. Debarred from exer- 
 cising thought upon its most natural and interesting 
 topics — and all other subjects being dragged within the 
 jealous circle of a religious despotism — so stern a barrier 
 is opposed to thought that the mind rarely dare overleap 
 it. While a political despotism may be well pleased to 
 see its subjects occupied in scientific or metaphysical 
 researches, in order to wean them from too critical an 
 examination of itself, a religious despotism forbids any 
 such researches unless made within the small circle it has 
 prescribed. Death or imprisonment awaits a Galileo or a 
 Copernicus, as it would under a similar rule, even now, 
 await a Buckland or a Lyell. 
 
 At present, we lament that we can see nothing in the 
 recent revolutionary movements in France and Italy, to 
 indicate the existence of those Cogitative powers, the 
 want of which has always hitherto checked their advance- 
 ment towards true liberty and self-government. 
 
 Now, as in 1793, there seems “ equally a want of books 
 and men ; without which, after a few years of bloodshed 
 and anarchy, those countries must again submit to a 
 despotic form of government. No country can be go- 
 verned without intellect ; and if that is not to be found in 
 the many, the few who possess it must become the ruler. 
 
 “ By the Sotjt, 
 
 Only, the Nations shall be great and free.” 
 
 Wordsworth. 
 
 This country has never long needed such a despotism. 
 Germany, too, though hardly yet freed from a political 
 despotism, has through a large portion of its area long 
 thrown off the despotism of Rome, and embraced the 
 more elevating and life-giving doctrines of the Reforma- 
 tion. In those provinces where this blessed change has 
 taken place, Germany is starting rapidly into that career of 
 intellectuality which England commenced three hundred 
 years ago. The Germans and the English are pre- 
 eminently deep-thinking nations ; and in both of them is 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 127 
 
 the Nose more decidedly and more generally of a Cogi- 
 tative form than in any other Gothic nations. 
 
 The Cogitative may therefore, perhaps, Le said to be 
 one of the characteristic forms of the Noses of those 
 Gothic branches, and might be expressed thus, - ** 1 -. 
 Nevertheless, various degrees of education and various 
 pursuits, with (in England) free institutions, have so diver- 
 sified their features that they exhibit a much less uniform 
 character than the features of most other nations. 
 
 The Anglo-Americans afford a further corroborative 
 proof that the Cogitative Nose is dependent on the culti- 
 vation of a Cogitative mind. They present a striking 
 contrast to their puritan forefathers, — men who abandoned 
 home, country and friends for the sake of religious and 
 political opinions ; men to whom conscience was dearer 
 than life, and freedom more precious than worldly ad- 
 vantage ; men of the strictest integrity, the most 
 scrupulous honesty, and the sternest firmness, sullied only 
 by an excess of over-wrought feeling — fanaticism. All 
 these virtues, and this vice (itself a virtue gone mad) are 
 wanting to the American character. That there are happy 
 exceptions, it is true ; but a nation which boasts smartness 
 as its most prominent virtue, must not complain if it is 
 accused of want of principle. The circumstances of 
 young America have contributed to render hers an un- 
 thinking people. The wild life to which so large a portion 
 have been subjected, cut off from all neighbourhood, 
 debarred from communication with cultivated minds, 
 thrown entirely on the active business of the day for 
 mental food, they have necessarily degenerated from the 
 thinking men to whom they are indebted for their origin. 
 
 So far from the American Nose inheriting the Cogitative 
 form of their ancestors’, it is thin and sharp ; and, as a 
 national nose, the most unthinking of any of the Gothic 
 stock. America is, however, a fast- growing nation; it 
 has had no infancy, but started at once into life, a full- 
 grown youth. There is hope, therefore — of which already 
 some assurance has been given — that it will yet furnish 
 its quota of thinkers to the history of the human mind. 
 
 Strange as the assertion may appear, it is susceptible of 
 
128 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 many proofs, that the now degraded and dwindled Celts 
 were originally the most powerful and widely dispersed 
 people ot the earth, boasting simultaneously a geographical 
 extent and political importance, which have been achieved 
 only by successive generations of the Gothic branches of 
 the Indo-Germanic nations. 
 
 The Aborigines, Autochthones, Gigantes, Titanides (all 
 which names signify earth-born), Atlantides, Cyclopeans, 
 Pelasgi, Umbri, Etrusci and Sikeli, the Iotuns in Scandi- 
 navia, Pali in India, Kaous in Persia, Hycsos in Egypt, 
 may all equally, by plausible and unanswerable facts, be 
 surmised to have been Celts, with whom the immigrators 
 of other races waged continual wars for possession of the 
 earth. All the myths— so universal — of the wars of the 
 gods and the giants, relate to wars between the invading 
 conquerors and the primitive inhabitants, who are every- 
 where to be traced by their gigantic works of unhewn stone, 
 cromlechs, stone circles, &c., not referable to any historic 
 period, because the conquerors destroyed all records of 
 their architects, and then, in idiotic wonder at their vast 
 dimensions, referred them to gigantic first possessors of 
 the earth. 
 
 Whether the original stature of the Celts was greater 
 than that of the Gothic nations, may be doubted ; but it is 
 a curious fact that nearly all the modern European giants 
 have been Celts, and immense stature was a common pro- 
 perty of the wild Irish of former generations. 
 
 The existing Celtic races call for more extended observa- 
 tion. As an un-Gothicized nation, the Irish is the only 
 remnant of a people which probably was at one time thinly 
 spread over the whole of Europe. Nearly related to, if not 
 originally identical with, the Goths, yet naturally of a less 
 vigorous constitution and lower habit of mind, the Celts 
 rapidly gave way before, or irretrievably amalgamated them- 
 selves with, their Pelasgian invaders in Greece and Italy, 
 and their Gothic invaders in Trans- Alpine Europe. 
 
 Thus, at one time losing themselves in the overwhelming 
 flood of their invaders, like the waters of a lake inundated 
 by the sea ; at another, retreating westerly before the on- 
 coming torrent, the Celtic nations have gradually almost 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 129 
 
 disappeared from continental Europe, and alone find a 
 miserable home and wretched abiding-place on the most 
 eastern shores of the Atlantic, and the most western 
 corners of the Old World. 
 
 If the Atlantic could have afforded them a footing upon 
 its turbulent waters, they would long since have been 
 driven into it by their rapacious invaders. The complaint 
 of the unhappy Celts has, ever since they were hunted to 
 the extreme west of Europe, been the same, “ Our 
 enemies drive us into the sea ; and the sea drives us back 
 upon our enemies.” 
 
 Saxon ingenuity has, however, at last endeavoured to 
 circumvent the sea. If it cannot receive into its bosom 
 the last wreck of the Celts, it can carry them upon it to 
 lands still further west, there to pine, and dwindle away 
 and die ; out of sight, and therefore out of the mind, of 
 the haughty invader, who turns with well-feigned horror 
 and disgust from the ruin and degradation which he has 
 wrought. 
 
 To make room for himself, he expatriates the ancient 
 owners of the soil, not only without remorse or com- 
 punction, but with much self-laudation and pharisaical 
 pride that he has not extirpated them, and has not — only 
 because he could not — adopted the ingenious idea of 
 temporarily sinking an island to purify it for his own 
 undisputed use and enjoyment.* 
 
 * “ In 1846, which was a year of larger emigration than any that 
 preceded, it amounted to 129,851. But in the year 1847, the emi- 
 gration extended to no less than 258,270 persons, almost the whole 
 of them being Irish emigrants to North America. It is scarcely 
 necessary to observe, that history records no single transportation at 
 all to compare with this. The migrations of classical antiquity were 
 only the slow oozings of infant tribes from one thinly-peopled district 
 into another rather less peopled, or rather more fertile. In actual 
 figures, the irruptions from the north into southern Europe were 
 never at one time more immense. 
 
 “The Government only refrained from assisting this tremendous 
 emigration at the urgent demand of the land-owners, because it was 
 going on as fast as possible without its aid. Bad legislation had 
 driven the Celt to the ocean, and Saxon ingenuity had furnished him 
 a boat to cross it. Famine and pestilence were at his heels. It was 
 unnecessary to do more. What drowning wretch will not catch at a 
 
 K 
 
130 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 Naturally, however, the Celtic is not a low-ciass race. 
 It may not have been originally so highly organized, or so 
 mentally gifted as the Gothic ; but in its infancy it had 
 virtues which long thraldom has exterminated. 
 
 It is no fiction that Caesar found the Gaulish and British 
 youth more apt thaD the Goths at acquiring the arts and 
 language of Rome, and that, in a few years, Roman civili- 
 zation, more efficient than Saxon, had converted Britain 
 into one of the most fertile and well-ordered provinces of 
 the empire. It is no fiction that Rome found in Britain 
 one of the most determined opposers of its claim to 
 universal dominion, and that if it were to be 
 
 “ Asked, why from Britain Ctesar did retreat ? 
 
 Caesar himself might whisper — he was beat.”* 
 
 It is no fiction that after British Christianity had been 
 driven by Saxon Paganism from Britain into Ireland, the 
 Irish Celts furnished the best schools for literature, and 
 the ablest scholars in Europe — and it is no fiction that 
 ever since the Saxon has set foot in Ireland it has con- 
 
 straw ? What patient idiot not fly from misery and death ? Yet 
 how monstrous to call such flight — * the sauve qui peut of a panic- 
 stricken army’ spontaneous ! 
 
 “It was the unavoidable misfortune of this emigration to be 
 entirely spontaneous. The cry was — ‘ Sauve qui peut !’ To send 
 out more emigrants at the public expense, or to promise assistance to 
 all who should emigrate, would only have been adding fuel to the 
 fire, or like attempting to expedite the movement of a crowd locked 
 in a narrow passage, by applying fresh numbers and pressure to its 
 rear. A miserable necessity dictated that, as a general rule, emi- 
 gration should be allowed to retain its spontaneous, unassisted cha- 
 racter. * * * The fever, it is a painful satisfaction to reflect, 
 
 raged with equal force in all the British vessels, whether well or ill- 
 provisioned and appointed. Fearful, too, as the loss of life was, both 
 at sea and on landing, it ivas not greater than was reasonably to be 
 expected from the mortality which prevailed, under circumstances 
 rather less unfavourable for health, in the workhouses and other accu- 
 mulations of Irish at home.” — Times, Jan. 1848. 
 
 History, in its blackest pages, records nothing more horrible than 
 the miseries of the passage; yet while we are maudlin over the 
 horrors of the slave-trade, we “ reflect, with a painful satisfaction, 
 
 “ Territa qusesitis ostendit terga Britannis.” — Lucan. 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 13! 
 
 tinued to droop and decay, until it is now a foul bog of 
 iniquity ; a wretched irreclaimable sink of inhuman vice 
 and monstrous infamy. 
 
 Its Cogitativeness has been repressed till it cannot reflect 
 nor appreciate any but physical modes of escape from 
 thraldom. This is but the caged wild beast gnawing at its 
 chain, and snapping at its keeper, whether his hand 
 approaches to feed or to beat it. 
 
 It may be said, escape lies open to it in self-elevation, 
 in moral rectitude, and industrious exertion ; but it is too 
 late for it to see and understand that. We might as well 
 say to the broken leg, walk now, you walked once ; or to 
 the encaged madman, calm yourself and be free, you were 
 calm and free once. 
 
 We need no better proof of the non-cogitativeness of 
 Ireland than the facile manner in which it throws itself 
 beneath the Juggemautic car of every demagogue, and 
 sacrifices itself to his avaricious cruelty. We need no 
 better proof of the truth of our theory, than that the Nose 
 of the same nation is deficient in Cogitativeness, and is for 
 
 and reasonably expect” the more dreadlul sufferings of our fellow- 
 citizens. The slave-dealer — before the Abolition made it necessary to 
 stow three cargoes in one ship — calculated to land at their des- 
 tination four-fifths of his cargo; and it was thought sufficiently 
 shocking that 1 in 5 died on the passage. But the mortality on 
 board the Irish emigrant-ships was greater. Many vessels, from 
 their rotten state, perished altogether, with from 200 to 300 pas- 
 sengers. This rarely happens with a slaver, as the vessels are 
 necessarily of the very best construction. But, of those who 
 escaped shipwreck, 1 in 3, and 1 in 4 died on the passage from fever, 
 and one half the remainder suffered from disease. The “Laren” 
 from Sligo sailed with 440 passengers — 108 died and 150 were sick. 
 The “ Virginius” sailed with 496 passengers — 158 died, 186 were sick, 
 and the remainder landed feeble and tottering. It could hardly be 
 otherwise, when vessels built to pack 200 emigrants sailed with twice 
 that number ; so that they are described to be worse than the black- 
 hole of Calcutta. And this was the emigration which the British 
 parliament — which laboured to put down the slave-trade— declared 
 itself willing to encourage, had it been necessary, from any backward- 
 ness in the wretched Celts, to avail themselves of it, and which a 
 British Minister coolly declared it would have been inhuman and 
 unjust to interfere with. 
 
 K 2 
 
132 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 the most part thin and sharp. It has not, however, lost 
 the Roinano-Greek profile, usual among the Caucasian 
 races. 
 
 This is true in the main; but unhappily more recent 
 information compels us to modify it, and add another proof 
 of Nasology from degradation of physical structure simul- 
 taneously with mental degradation. “ There are certain 
 districts in Leitrim, Sligo, and Mayo (as pointed out by 
 an intelligent writer in the Dublin University Magazine, 
 No. 48), chiefly inhabited by descendants of the native 
 Irish driven by the British from Armagh and the south of 
 Down, about two centuries ago. These people, whose 
 ancestors were well-grown, able-bodied, and comely, are 
 now reduced to an average stature of five feet two inches, 
 are pot-bellied, bow-legged, and abortively featured, and 
 are especially remarkable for “ open projecting mouths, 
 with prominent teeth, and exposed gums, (i. e. progna- 
 thous-jawed — the Negro type), their advancing cheek- 
 bones, and depressed noses , bearing barbarism on their very 
 front.” In other words, within so short a period, they seem 
 to have acquired a prognathous type of skull, like the 
 savages of Australia, “ thus giving such an example of 
 deterioration from known causes, as almost compensates by 
 its value to future ages, for the sufferings and debasement 
 which past generations have endured in perfecting its 
 appalling lesson . ”* 
 
 The study of the British Legislature should be “ How to 
 get” Ireland a Cogitative Nose; not by any surgical 
 process, such as that of the 
 
 “ Learned Taliacotius, who from 
 The brawny part of porters bum. 
 
 Cut supplemental Noses. — H udibras. 
 
 for phlebotomizing is the worst mode of legislation — but 
 by cultivating in her people a Cogitative mind ; well 
 assured that whether or not the attempt succeed in develop- 
 ing their probosces, it will be well repaid by other and 
 more important improvements in their condition. How 
 this is to be effected would afford matter for an interesting 
 essay ; but it would be out of place here, though we have 
 
 * Edinburgh Review, No. 178, p. 443, Oct. 1848. 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 133 
 
 our nostrums on the subject like every other political 
 doctor, and cannot resist saying that it will never be done 
 by “Constitutional” Legislation, which is only fitted for 
 the Teutonic races. The Irish, like the cognate race, the 
 French, must be governed by an enlightened despotism; 
 they must be gently pushed on by their leaders to their 
 own good, while the Teutonic races may be safely left to 
 push on their leaders — treading, not always too gently, on 
 their heels, by way of hint to get on. It is a most fatal 
 error in legislation to disregard the psychonomic differ- 
 ences in races, and under a philanthropic pretence of the 
 natural equality of man, to endeavour to govern all by the 
 same laws and institutions. 
 
 It was the sad misfortune of Ireland to be conquered 
 after the downfall of the feudal system, and to be at once 
 inducted — with sanguinary and therefore ineffective re- 
 strictions on their use — into free forms of government. 
 The feudal system, in its original integrity — without its 
 on-grafted abuses, as fines, heriots, &c. &c. — is almost the 
 only system on which a naturally high-class but barbarous 
 race can be held down, while they are being elevated in 
 the scale of humanity ; and if for three or four generations 
 Ireland could be subjected to pure and beneficent feudality 
 — whereby every man would be linked to a superior, and 
 be compelled to exert himself to retain his feud — together 
 with the Alfredic tithing-man system — to prevent or detect 
 and punish crime — it might be gradually placed on sucb 
 an equality with England, as to enable it to be safely 
 governed on the same constitutional principles. Perhaps, 
 however, it is rather to be wished that this had been done 
 in past times, than to attempt it now : it might be dange- 
 rous to the liberties of England to retrograde; for it must 
 be admitted that a return to feudality is retrogression, and 
 the state of external peace to which it would bring Ireland 
 might afford an argument to future English Legislatures, 
 to tie down the turbulent liberties of England with the 
 same bonds — which God forbid! better live in a storm 
 than rot in a calm. 
 
 It is the unhappy fate of Ireland that its evils are past 
 remedy. Her woes are the executioners of God’s judg- 
 ments against England for the latter’s crimes towards her. 
 
134 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 Ireland suffers that she may be a sharp thorn in the side — 
 perhaps a dagger in the heart — of England. No nation 
 sins without retribution from the quarter against which the 
 crime has been committed, and much more evil must 
 England suffer from Ireland ere an equivalent punishment 
 has been inflicted. Nevertheless Ireland is not wretched 
 only because England must suffer ; she is wretched for her 
 own crimes, and her wretchedness is over-ruled to be the 
 punishment of her oppressor likewise. 
 
 This is by no means an isolated instance of the duality 
 of purposes in the Divine judgments. The crimes of a 
 nation have oft-times been made the punishment of itself 
 and another ; so likewise, among individuals, the visitation 
 of one man’s sins frequently extends to punish the faults, or 
 try the virtue, of his friends and relations. 
 
 The ambitious pride of Babylon punished the idolatry 
 of the Israelites, but at the same time brought down ruin 
 on itself. The conquest of America punished the gross 
 vices and savage idolatries of the natives, and at the same 
 time retributed the cruelties and crimes of their punishers 
 by inundating Spain with the gold and silver which has 
 wrought her present degradation. May we not add that 
 England’s punishment of the revolutionary crimes of 
 France, is now retributing her own commercial jealousy, 
 and wild interference in Continental politics, by clogging 
 her with debt, and raising a host of European rivals to her 
 claim for universal commerce. 
 
 The lowest organized race of any consequence in 
 Europe is the Sclavonic. 
 
 The Sclavones came into contact with Roman civilization 
 earlier than the Goths ; but, unlike the latter, they retired 
 to their settlements without carrying away any portion of 
 the manners and habits of the people whom they invaded. 
 Even yet they are but little advanced, since that early 
 epoch. At least till within the present century, the 
 Russian noble, as well as his serf, led the life of a pig, 
 eating, and drinking, and sleeping. Wallowing in filth, 
 insensate with brandy, and degraded by lust, the Russians 
 of various ranks differ only in the size and splendour of 
 their respective styes. To enter with minuteness into the 
 daily habits of all classes of both sexes would be to present 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 135 
 
 a picture which we should revolt from drawing, and the 
 reader from beholding. 
 
 The Snubbo-Celestial form of the Sclavonic Nose stamps 
 its character irretrievably, and accords remarkably with 
 the description of the Sclavonic mind given by Kohl and 
 other recent writers : — “ Inconsistent and unstable — 
 wanting in the creative faculty ; but we cannot deny them 
 a marvellous aptitude for all kinds of work, and an extreme 
 facility of imitation. This is just the description a 
 farmer might give of his horse, or a fine lady of her 
 monkey. “ The hope of Europe,” says the same author, 
 “ from Russian power consists in its total want of vigorous 
 characters, mighty minds, and moral energy.” The pic- 
 tures which the lively writer Kohl gives of the Russians — 
 their ‘ small shrewdness and fox-like common sense,’ their 
 impudent acknowledgment of their shameless cheating 
 and pedlaring dishonesty — accord literally with the indi- 
 cations which we have ascribed to the Celestial Nose; but 
 we must refer the reader to his work on Russia for endless 
 confirmations of our assertion. 
 
 Russia may rise above its present animal degradation, 
 but it will never take a high place in the history of civi- 
 lization. It may be doubted whether it will ever take any 
 station there at all, except when in some future and long 
 distant age, it is recorded, that, like Asia and Africa, 
 Europe fell from its palmy state, and became a heap of 
 ruins before the furious desolation of barbarous swarms 
 from the north. 
 
 Napoleon said, with the prophetic vision of old expe- 
 rience, for 
 
 “ Old experience doth attain 
 To somewhat of prophetic strain,” 
 
 that in fifty years Europe would be Republican or Cossack. 
 He only erred in using the disjunctive ; for it does not 
 require much penetration to foresee that, at no very distant 
 period, Europe will be both — first Republican, and then, 
 when thus prostrated at the foot of the first powerful 
 despot — Cossack . 
 
 Eor this purpose, it is probable the Sclavonian nations, 
 
 * Schnitzler’s * Russia under Alexander and Nicholas.’ 
 
136 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 ■with hordes of Mongolian Calmucks, and Tartars — the 
 •Ti/ioi, or flat-nosed nations of Herodotus — are gathering 
 force and increasing in their vast plains and desolate 
 forests. The scourge of Europe — once the scourge of 
 Asia — is being prepared slowly but surely; and when 
 civilization shall have taken a firm hold of America and 
 the new continents gradually being built up in the Pacific, 
 Europe, having fulfilled its part in the world’s history, will 
 be swept away, and become a byword and a scorn among 
 the nations — ‘ Ichabod ’ will be written on its temples, and 
 the bittern and the owl shall inhabit it ; the wild beast of 
 the desert shall lie there, and the dragons in its pleasant 
 palaces. 
 
 The Finnish race presents a remarkable proof of the 
 variation in physiognomy attendant on variation in mental 
 capacity, occasioned by change of circumstances — as 
 government, climate, and habits. The ancient Huns, the 
 modern Hungarians, and the northern Finns and Lapps of 
 the shores of the Bothnian Gulf and the White Sea, are 
 all of the same race ; and yet differ widely from each 
 other in physiognomy and psychonomy. 
 
 “ Few races exhibit greater or more remarkable dif- 
 ferences in mental cultivation, and in' the direction of their 
 passions, according as they have been determined by the 
 degeneration of servitude, warlike ferocity, or a continual 
 striving for political freedom, than the Finns. In evidence 
 of this we need only refer to the now peaceful Finns of 
 the north, to the Huns, once celebrated for conquests that 
 disturbed the then existing order of things, and lastly, to a 
 great and noble people — the Magyars.”* 
 
 The differences between those races took place within 
 the historic period, and afford a striking instance of the 
 effect of external circumstances in modifying the mental 
 and corporeal features. 
 
 The fierce and savage Huns, who overran a portion of 
 the - Roman Empire under Attila in the fifth century, 
 differed wholly from the Finns now existing in Europe. 
 So misshapen were their features, and so hideous their 
 aspect, so savage and demoniacal their warfare, that the 
 terrified Goths could not believe them to be born of 
 * Humboldt’s Cosmos, p. 411. 
 
Or NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 137 
 
 woman, but asserted them to be the unnatural offspring of 
 demons and witches in the fearful solitudes of the icy 
 north. One of their distinctive features was a flat de- 
 pressed nose, plainly indicating their low organization. 
 
 Although the Finns and Lapps retain the flat nose — 
 never having emerged from barbarism — they are a mild, 
 gentle, meek-spirited race, presenting few features which 
 seem capable of amelioration. 
 
 The Hungarians, on the other hand — in whom, how- 
 ever, we must suspect a large infusion of Gothic blood — 
 are a bold, independent, noble-minded, and highly intel- 
 lectual people ; characteristics which exhibit themselves 
 in a noble Roman Nose, and a countenance bespeaking the 
 independence of their minds. 
 
 We may next advert to the characteristic features of a 
 few of the Asiatic nations. 
 
 Perhaps no nation displays a more universal dead level 
 and general sameness of feature than the Snub-nosed 
 Chinese. Notwithstanding the great varieties in climate 
 and soil which prevail in that extensive Empire, and the 
 correspondent variations which must be made in domestic 
 habits and style of living, a remarkable identity of feature 
 prevails among all classes of every province. The faces 
 may be said to be all cast in the same mould ; and one 
 could wish that Nature, when she made the first cast, had 
 — as she is reported to have done when she made a certain 
 beautiful female, whose name we forget — broken tha 
 mould before she produced any more casts from it 
 Perhaps, however, we belie the good old dame in attri- 
 buting the production of this, or any other equally ugly 
 countenance, to her. It is rather the degraded form into 
 which a despotism of unknown duration and unexampled 
 soul-depressive powers has converted the original type. 
 
 A form of government more admirably arranged to keep 
 the people in a state of childhood has never been modelled 
 than that of China. The wisdom of its arrangements for 
 securing the permanent despotism of the ruler is un- 
 deniably proved by its long and peaceable subsistence. 
 To rebel in China is the heinous crime of filial dis- 
 obedience : it is not, as in Europe, a political crime merely, 
 it is also a moral crime of the same class as murder or 
 theft. Unless we can imagine a nation by universal 
 
138 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSE9. 
 
 assent throwing off the bonds of morality, and living in 
 confessedly gross crime, we can form no conception of 
 the Chinese rebelling. It would present the unnatural and 
 inconceivable state of a nation of parricides and dis- 
 obedient children. 
 
 Every superior in China, from the Emperor to the 
 military officer or civil Mandarin, is “ a father;” all under 
 him are his “ children,” and as such must obey him without 
 question or demur. “ Filial disobedience,” whether to 
 parents or governors, is the highest crime. Filial dis- 
 obedience is thus defined : — “ In our general conduct not 
 to be orderly, is to fail in filial duty ; in a Magistrate 
 not to be faithful, is to fail in filial duty : among friends, 
 not to be sincere, is to fail in filial duty : in arms and war, 
 not to be brave, is to fail in filial duty.” A people thus 
 treated as children, must ever remain in a state of child- 
 hood ; and though education is general among the Chinese, 
 it is an education which, like the bandages on their 
 women’s feet, binds their minds from growing, and 
 restricts them to the size and calibre of infancy. 
 
 Education in China consists solely in social and political 
 training for the purposes of despotism. The studies are 
 confined to one unvaried routine, and no deviation from 
 the prescribed track is permitted. Within this circle all 
 are, and must be, educated. Hence an uniformity of 
 mind prevails, and has prevailed for ages throughout 
 China, and has extended itself to the national features ; 
 betraying itself in Snub Noses and a dull, stolid ex- 
 pression of countenance. So much for compulsory educa- 
 tion ! It is impossible that it should be otherwise. 
 
 A nation whose minds are all reduced to the same 
 level ; whose thoughts are prescribed ; whose daily con- 
 duct is measured out ; whose very amusements are dic- 
 tated by an imperial will, must necessarily soon become 
 uniform, both mentally and physically. This uniformity 
 will be the waveless level of the Dead Sea. Storms 
 may agitate the upper sky, winds may rage, and floods 
 descend ; but the waves are too heavy to rise from 
 their death-like repose. They sleep the calm sleep, not 
 of peace, but of death. The last trumpet alone can 
 arouse their torpor. The benignant mind of the Christian 
 may nourish sweet hopes of evangelizing a nation so sunk. 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 139 
 
 but the hopes are vain. Christianity came not till the 
 human mind was fitted and prepared to receive and under- 
 stand its divine precepts. It came not to the infancy of 
 the world, but to its old age and matured judgment. A 
 nation, therefore, steeped in the irreclaimable dotage of a 
 childhood which has endured throughout its whole life, 
 cannot receive it. Both the Hindoos and the Chinese have 
 forfeited by their long-lived puerility the blessed message. 
 
 The first and every subsequent step of Christianity, as 
 of civilization, has been Westward. Neither can they 
 ever return to the East. The Apostle of the Gentiles 
 preached from Judea to Pamphylia and Galatia, but was 
 forbidden of the Holy Ghost to preach the Word in Asia ;* 
 and when he assayed to go Eastward into Bithynia, the 
 spirit suffered him not, but compelled him westerly into 
 Macedonia. From Macedonia to Home; from Rome to 
 Gaul ; from Gaul to Britain ; from Britain to America and 
 Polynesia, the course has still ever been uniformly west- 
 ward. f A few isolated Christians may be made in Asia ; 
 
 but it will never be Christianized. Asia has performed 
 its part on the world’s stage. It is dead out, and cannot 
 be resuscitated. When Christianity is entertained by “ all 
 nations,” Asia will be no more. It will not be reckonable 
 among the nations, even as a dead man is not among the 
 living. This may seem a harsh judgment. But is it 
 harsher that nations whose own degradation unfits them 
 for Christianity, shall remain ignorant of it during the 
 brief remainder of the world, than that they have been 
 ignorant of it for nearly two thousand years ? 
 
 It is not for man to j udge God, and to say that his ways 
 are unjust. We must not deny the fact because we 
 cannot comprehend it. We cannot tell by what crimes 
 Asia has forfeited her part in the New Covenant of Grace. 
 It may be because she rejected the first dispensation, and 
 flagrantly violated the Old Covenant of Works. To Asia, 
 the mother of mankind, the blissful seat of our first 
 parents, the nurse of the renovated human race, were 
 given the first pure, simple precepts by which Man was 
 taught to obey his God as a child obeys his parent. How 
 
 * Acts, ch. xvi. 
 
 f That is, westerly from the country last civilized or Christianized. 
 
140 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 soon she flung off this obedience and rejected her Great 
 Teacher let history, both sacred and profane, attest. Long 
 ere Asia sent forth peoples and nations to replenish other 
 quarters of the earth, these original precepts had been ob- 
 scured and obliterated by idolatry and polytheism. A 
 lesser crime, therefore, attached to these mis-instructed 
 offsprings than to the misteaching mother. A second dis- 
 pensation was therefore revealed to them, but forbidden to 
 her. So far man might think he comprehended the 
 divine purposes without impugning God’s wisdom and 
 justice ; yet he may err, and his frail musings be but the 
 cogitations of the flea which reasons on the movements of 
 the elephant, whose back is his universe. This should be 
 the humble reflection of all who strive to j ustify the ways 
 of God to man. We know but in part, and we see but in 
 part, and therefore cannot judge of Him who sees and 
 knows the whole. 
 
 We have incidentally mentioned the Hindoos as par- 
 taking in the mental degradation of the Chinese. But, 
 nevertheless, they are not nearly so degraded a race, nor 
 have they so general an uniformity in their features, nor 
 so low a formation of their Noses. India has been sub- 
 jected to less uniformity of despotism than China. While 
 to the dominant system of the latter we can assign no 
 limit, we find in that of the former numerous epochs when 
 important changes have taken place. 
 
 Fierce religious wars, frequent foreign invasions, do- 
 mestic feuds and intestine warfare have kept the Hindoo 
 mind more on the alert than that of China. Assyria, 
 Egypt, Scythia, Greece, Persia, and Britain have at dif- 
 ferent epochs overwhelmed India. Idolatrous Monotheism, 
 Polytheism, Mahometanism and Christianity have, in turn, 
 violated its shrines, and endeavoured to overwhelm both 
 Buddha and Brahma. Buddha and Brahma, Vishnu and 
 Siva, have striven to overthrow each other ; but while the 
 country has been desolated, the people have been saved 
 from sinking into the uniform degradation of the Chinese. 
 Nevertheless, under each and every system, despotism has 
 prevailed in India ; no free institution has ever flourished 
 on its plains; and, therefore, despite the stirring events 
 which have excited it, it has never risen again to that 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 141 
 
 high -station which its people must have held among their 
 contemporaries when they sculptured the caves of Ele- 
 phanta and Ellora, and raised the pyramidal pagodas of 
 Tanjore and Deogur. 
 
 These gigantic works sufficiently attest that the inha- 
 bitants of India are not naturally of a low-class race. 
 Forty thousand men labouring incessantly for forty years 
 would hardly suffice to excavate and sculpture the cavern- 
 temples of Salsette alone. Yet those form but a small 
 portion of similar gigantic works of the same age. 
 
 No mean-minded men raised fanes such as these to the 
 Deity. Energy of the most vigorous character, talent of 
 the highest rank, and devotion of the noblest nature, could 
 alone have dictated and executed structures which outvie 
 in magnitude the boldest efforts of modern genius. In 
 comparing them with the latter, we should moreover 
 recollect that they were the first efforts of the human race ; 
 made without pattern, designed without exemplar, and 
 commenced and carried out without experience. 
 
 How different must those men have been from the soft 
 and effeminate Hindoo who has forgotten in the mist of 
 ages these shrines of his fathers, and abandoned them to 
 ruin and decay ; and who, conscious of his own utter 
 inability to achieve or conceive their equals, ascribes their 
 formation to giants and demigods. And they were dif- 
 ferent. The same race, but different men, different in 
 features as in minds. While the profile of the modern 
 Hindoo is soft and effeminate, and the Nose short and 
 rounded (parabolic), the ancient sculptures demonstrate 
 that the profile of their earliest progenitors was manly and 
 decided, and identical with that of their descendants, the 
 Indo-Germanic nations, in Europe. One well-known 
 instance will suffice. The Trimurti or three-headed deity 
 in the caves of Elephanta. 
 
 This is a sculpture of the most remote antiquity, but the 
 dress, the beads, the sacred cord and other religious sym- 
 bols declare it to be the work of Hindoos. In anthropo- 
 morphising the Deity, men always adopt their own typical 
 countenance for that of their God. Hence their idols 
 betray the national features. Now, observe the profiles of 
 Vishnu and Siva in this Trimurti. The face of the former. 
 
142 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 the good and beneficent “ Preserver,” the friend and 
 mediator for man, is a purely Greek face ; the Nose 
 straight and well-defined. It has none of the air of the 
 modern Hindoo countenance. Much less has that of the 
 energetic and terrible Siva, “ the Destroyer.” The Nose 
 
 THE HINDOO TEIMTJBTI. 
 
 is of the most energetic form ; it is a fine Roman Nose, 
 aquiline and rugose. If phrenologists are permitted from 
 similar facts to say that the Greeks — who were but chil- 
 dren to these Hindoo artists — were phrenologists, surely 
 we may venture to say that even at this very early period 
 the Hindoos were Nasologists. 
 
 But in the wide nostril of Brahma we also perceive the 
 Cogitative form of Nose, so necessary to indicate the 
 wisdom of Brahma, “the Creator:” who, though now he 
 rests, having consigned the inferior office of Preservation 
 to Vishnu, was the first emanation from the supreme 
 Brahme, and by whom and from whom ail creation pro- 
 ceeded. With the exception of the head in this Trimurti, 
 Brahma has no idolatrous representations, for it is said in 
 the V edas, “ Of Him whose glory is so great, there is no 
 image. He is the incomprehensible Being which illumines 
 all, delights all, and whence all proceed.” 
 
 Sir William Jones mentions, in one of his discourses 
 published in the Asiatic Researches, the existence of a 
 small nation in India which appears distinct from the 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 143 
 
 Hindoo race. The people comprising it lie describes as 
 shrewd, clever tradesmen, enterprising merchants, acute 
 money-lenders, and notorious in India for their aptitude 
 for commerce. Their countenances, he adds, are what are 
 called Jewish, and hence he concludes that they constitute 
 a portion of Jews, who either at the dispersion of the 
 Ten Tribes, or at some other very early period, settled in 
 India. It is surprising that the acute President should 
 have so hastily jumped to such a conclusion from the fore- 
 going premises ; for he adds a fact which seems most 
 decidedly to negative it. This people, he tells us, have 
 not the slightest trace of any Jewish traditions, belief, or 
 customs among them. Now it is a familiar fact that the 
 Jews, wherever dispersed, or however long separated from 
 their brethren, have invariably retained a very large pro- 
 portion of the inspired precepts revealed to regulate their 
 religious, moral, and social conduct ; and it must demand 
 the most precise and indisputable evidence to justify the 
 classing any people as Jews, who have lost all traces of 
 the manners and customs of that singular nation. 
 
 For these reasons we do not hesitate to say that the two 
 facts on which Sir W. Jones founded his hasty hypothesis, 
 viz. the commercial character and the Jewish physiognomy 
 of this Asiatic tribe, afford by their coincidence only a 
 remarkable and curious confirmation of our Nasological 
 theory, and as such, we here gladly insert it. 
 
 We have said that the Jewish Nose should more pro- 
 perly be called the Syrian Nose ; but have reserved, until 
 this place, some of the corroborative illustrations. 
 
 The Syrian Arabs, as descendants of Abraham, through 
 the wild son of Hagar, inherit the physical, and many of 
 the metaphysical, features of the Hebrew nation. 
 
 Destined, by the promise of God, to become a great 
 nation, the Arabs founded one of the most extensive king- 
 doms of the earth, and for many centuries swayed an 
 empire more extensive than that of Rome in her fullest 
 prosperity. For twelve hundred years, a larger proportion 
 of the inhabitants of the earth have devoutly obeyed the 
 precepts of the Arabian prophet, than have knelt at the 
 altar of any other individual creed; and, though Maho- 
 metanism is perhaps doomed to fall before Christianity, it 
 
144 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 cannot be regarded in any other light than as a minor dis- 
 pensation, and an inferior blessing conferred by Provi- 
 dence on a very large proportion of His people. 
 
 Christians who yet recognize the finger of God in every 
 sublunary affair, would shrink with horror if asked to 
 recognize in Mahometanism a Providential dispensation ; 
 yet, whether we regard it as a religion which annihilated 
 the grossest idolatries, abolished human sacrifices, exter- 
 minated the vilest obscenities, and substituted a nearly 
 spiritual worship of One God, over the largest and fairest 
 portion of the earth, — or as the religion of a nation, whose 
 ancestor God blessed, and promised to “ make a great 
 nation,” and “ to multiply exceedingly, that it should not 
 be numbered for multitude and who, in token thereof, 
 received the seal of circumcision — to this day retained, as 
 among the Jews — it is difficult not to see in it the finger 
 of God, or to deny that the pseudo- prophet of the sons of 
 Ishmael was an unconscious instrument for good in His 
 hands. 
 
 But this is a topic not needful for us here to enter fully 
 upon. It is more to our purpose to remark upon the 
 psychonomic features of the Arabs, while in the zenith of 
 their promised glory as a nation ;* when the Caliphs of the 
 East ruled as Priest and Potentate over more than two- 
 thirds of the known globe. 
 
 During this glorious period of their power, the Arab 
 character shone out uncontrolled in its true features, and 
 exhibited itself as it had never done before, nor since. 
 
 True to its parentage, but unshackled by the stringent 
 laws and anti-social ceremonies oP its more favoured 
 brother, it rioted in all those tastes and pursuits which the 
 latter delighted in, but was restrained from ; and became 
 celebrated for a splendour which was rivalled bv that of 
 Solomon alone, and a traffic which far outvied that of all 
 
 * The repugnance of Christian commentators to allow any good in 
 Mahometanism, has caused them to apply the promises of national 
 glory made to Ishmael, to the petty chieftainship and desert supremacy 
 of the Arab tribes during the centuries antecedent to Christ, though 
 it is obvious that they were not then more powerful as “ a. nation” 
 than they are now, and that to no period of their history but to that 
 of the Saracenic Caliphates can the fulfilment be justly accorded. 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 145 
 
 contemporaries or predecessors— except, perhaps, the cog- 
 nate nation — the Phoenicians. 
 
 Rich in barbaric pearls and gold, and boasting all the 
 wealth of Ormuz and of Ind, the court of the Caliphs 
 verified the visions of the “ Arabian Nights which, if 
 true, were true here only. All the gauds and trinkets, 
 the golden palaces, the jewelled walls, the glittering roofs, 
 in which the other branch* of the Hebrew nation dis- 
 played their highest ideas of magnificence, shone resplen- 
 dent in the halls of the 'Caliphs. 
 
 But as to the boasted literature of the Arabs, it resolves 
 itself into an ardent pursuit of physical science — astronomy, 
 chemistry, and the mechanical arts, for nearly all the 
 more important of which we are indebted to the Arabs ; 
 not, however, as inventors, but as carriers, like the 
 Phoenicians. In the higher departments of literature, the 
 Arabs made no progress. Metaphysical disquisitions and 
 intellectual pursuits were repugnant to their tastes, which 
 rather delighted in the physics of Aristotle than the meta- 
 physics of Plato. 
 
 Nor were they less true to their nasal development in 
 their success and skill in commercial pursuits. The com- 
 merce of Arabia, for several centuries, encircled the whole 
 known world. From the frigid shores of Scandinavia, 
 from the torrid sands of Africa, from silken Cathay, from 
 jewelled Ceylon, from vine-clad Europe, from spicy Araby, 
 flowed the rich streams of produce. The amber of the 
 north was exchanged for the gold of the south ; the wines 
 of Spain for the silks of China ; the pearls of Ceylon for 
 the slaves and gold-dust of Africa ; and a commerce now 
 excelled only by that of England, carried arts and litera- 
 ture from one end of the Old World to the other, and was 
 mainly instrumental in raising the more highly organized 
 nations of Europe from barbarism to a physical and intel- 
 lectual splendour hitherto unknown. 
 
 But from this glorious reality, the Arab has sunk into a 
 wretched, irretrievable lethargy. Like the Jew, he has 
 been weighed in the balance and found wanting ; the cup 
 
 * The Hebrews consider themselves to be so named from Heber, 
 an ancestor of Abraham (Gen. xi. 15). The descendants of Isbinael 
 are therefore equally entitled to the name. 
 
 L 
 
146 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 of promise has been held to his lips, and he has refused, or 
 polluted the blessed draught. They have been called, but 
 would not come, they would have been gathered together 
 as tender chickens under the wings of the hen, but they 
 would not ; and “ behold, their house is left unto them 
 desolate.” 
 
 Neither Arab nor Jew shall ever again revive, till they 
 join with the whole earth in one universal cry, “ Blessed 
 is He that cometh in the name of the Lord !” 
 
 It has been said that Christian intolerance has driven 
 the Jew into the mart, and sunk his soul in barter. But 
 this is not true — Commerce and money-getting are the 
 psychonomic features of both the Hebrew races. The 
 Israelitish branch is vehemently charged with its usury 
 and extortion, by all its prophets. The severe laws which 
 Moses made against usury shew the character of the people 
 for whom they were necessary ; yet those laws were in- 
 effectual to check this inherent vice. Ezekiel (ch. xxii. 12) 
 exclaims, “Thou hast taken usury and increase, and thou hast 
 greedily gained of thy neighbours by extortion, and hast 
 forgotten me, saith the Lord God so all the prophets. ' 
 
 The Arab and the Jew are both now equally sunk in 
 the same degradation, {lieu! quantum mutati !) and both 
 exhibit, through this degradation, their love of gold, 
 though in a different manner. The Arab still haunting 
 his native soil, from which legitimate commerce is almost 
 excluded, betrays his ruling passion in extortion from 
 travellers, in skilful chicanery in horse-dealing — the only 
 commerce left to him — or in impudent incessant demands 
 on strangers for iacsheesh. 
 
 All travellers agree, that when the Arab, degraded as he 
 is, has an opportunity, there is no shrewder or more 
 skilful bargain-maker, nor any one more competent to 
 extract by ingenious chaffering, the full equivalent for his 
 services. He has been designated by fleeced and angry 
 travellers — little thinking how near the mark they were— — 
 the Jew of the desert. The modern Jew, driven from 
 the land of his birth into a wider sphere, exercises his 
 commercial propensities in similar pursuits, and under 
 every clime ; and amidst every race, out-manoeuvres and 
 surpasses his less shrewd antagonist. 
 
OP NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 147 
 
 Other Asiatic nations might seem to call for observation ; 
 but so little is known of their mental characteristics, that 
 it would be improper to endeavour to substantiate our 
 cause by them. 
 
 It is unnecessary to do more than remind the reader of 
 the low development of the Negro mind and his miserable 
 nasal conformation — they are worthy of each other. 
 However humane may be the attempts to elevate the 
 Negro, it can never be done till his Nose is more elongated ; 
 but as its present form has subsisted without alteration for 
 three or four thousand years, there does not seem much 
 hope of its being improved now. The Negro race, as old 
 as the earliest Egyptian sculptures, has never risen to an 
 equality with any of the other races ; and, though we 
 would not willingly condemn any nation to hopeless de- 
 gradation, yet the history of the Past will reveal some- 
 what of the secrets of the Future, and he is a fool who 
 cannot, and a coward who dare not, read them. 
 
 As among individuals, so among nations there are 
 orders and degrees of mind, and it is only the blind who 
 cannot see that the equality of the one is as wild a dream 
 as the equality of the other. 
 
 No well-informed writer, however warm his sympathies 
 towards the Negro race as his relation by the same “ blood 
 of which God made all the dwellers upon earth,” has anti- 
 cipated a destiny for it equal to that of the Caucasian or 
 elliptical-headed and aqiuline-nosed races. Channing, the 
 most enthusiastic friend of the blacks, in all the fervour of 
 his ardent mind and vivid imagination, attributes to them 
 a capacity only for the milder graces of Christianity, and 
 accords to them a destiny precisely such as is indicated by 
 their nasal formation when elevated and sanctified by reli- 
 gion. “I should expect,” he says, “from the African 
 race, if civilized, less energy, less courage, less intellectual 
 originality, than in ours ; but more amiableness, tran- 
 quillity, gentleness, and content. They might not rise to 
 an equality in outward condition, but would probably be a 
 much happier race.” Essentially a feminine character is 
 that which he assigns the negro ; a character very loveable, 
 notwithstanding the deformity of its facial indicator. 
 
 In the new Islands of the Pacific, we behold a constant 
 
 L 2 
 
148 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 succession of new worlds emerging from the deep by means 
 of the same process which, in the pre-Adamite world, 
 formed and elevated the islands and continents of the 
 northern hemisphere. Minute polypi are secreting from 
 the waters, and fixing on the summits of submarine volca- 
 noes the solid and durable limestone which now forms 
 their protection from the waves, and which will hereafter 
 form the foundations on which accumulated detritus will 
 heap up fertile soils and habitable lands.* Earthquakes 
 are continually pushing up these horizontal surfaces, and 
 breaking them up into mountains which, arresting the 
 clouds in their progress, draw down into the valleys and 
 plains the fertilizing rain. This smooths down the aspe- 
 rities of the earthquake-broken surface, and softens and 
 harmonizes into that sweet variety which gives birth to 
 
 “ The pleasure situate in hill and dale.” 
 
 To people these new lands. Nature has branched off 
 from the old stock, new races of men of various degrees of 
 physical development and mental endowments. While 
 those nearest the old continent of Asia, and therefore 
 nearest to the old blood, are of the lowest possible mental 
 and physical organization, little elevated above the low- 
 class animals — the kangaroo and the ornithorynchusf — of 
 the Australian plains, those at a greater distance — the 
 New Zealander and the Otaheitan — exhibit a development 
 which may vie with that of the Caucasian nations : and 
 which has proved its equality by not sinking before them, 
 
 * “ The prodigious extent of the combined and unintermitting 
 labours of these little world-architects must be witnessed in order to 
 be adequately conceived or realized. They have built up 400 miles of 
 harrier-reef on the shores of Caledonia ; and on the north-east coast 
 of Australia their labours extend for 1000 miles in length ; averaging 
 a quarter of a mile in breadth, and one hundred and fifty feet in 
 depth. The geologist, in contemplating these stupendous operations, 
 learns to appreciate the circumstances by which were deposited, in 
 ancient times, those mountain-masses of limestone, for the most part 
 
 coralline, which abound in many parts of our native is land .” 
 
 Ansted’s Ancient World, p. 32. 
 
 + Zoologists class the Maraupiala as the very lowest form of Mam- 
 malia, and but little removed above the cold-blooded Reptilia. They 
 are a connecting link between those two great classes of Vertebrata. 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 149 
 
 but maintaining against Saxon invaders equal rights and 
 equal privileges. 
 
 We have a striking instance of this before us at the 
 present time. The British Legislature having, in igno- 
 rance of the determined character and clever good sense of 
 the New Zealanders, endeavoured to force upon them a 
 Constitution which deprived them of legislative privileges 
 equal with those of the colonists, and which gave to the 
 latter the power of taxing the former without their con- 
 sent, the natives have resisted the injustice so firmly, but 
 hitherto peaceably, that the Governor, Sir George Grey, 
 has been compelled to suspend this so-called Constitution, 
 lest in should foment a war of the most deadly character. 
 It is worthy of observation that the injustice attempted to 
 be done this shrewd and spirited people, is not one of an 
 evident physical character, such as any savage can appre- 
 ciate, but one of a purely theoretical and political nature, 
 the importance of which is even yet hardly sufficiently 
 understood and appreciated in any country besides Eng- 
 land. Sir George Grey writes to the Home Government 
 as follows : 
 
 “ By the introduction of the proposed Constitution into 
 the provinces of New Zealand, her Majesty's Ministers 
 would not confer, as it was intended, upon her subjects 
 the blessings of self-government, but would be giving 
 power to a small minority (the colonists). She would not 
 be giving to her subjects the right to manage their affairs 
 as they might think proper, but would be giving to a small 
 minority a power to raise taxes from the great majority (the 
 aborigines). There was no reason to think that the majo- 
 rity of the aboriginal inhabitants would be satisfied with 
 the rule of the minority ; while there are many reasons 
 for believing that they would resist to the uttermost. 
 They were people of strong natural sense and ability , but by 
 nature jealous and suspicious. Many of them were owners 
 
 The Ornithorynchus is an animal of still lower organization. The 
 whole fauna and flora of Australia indicate a newly-fonned land, and 
 are analogous to those of the Poilitic and New lied Sandstone ages 
 of the Northern Hemisphere; which in like manner succeeded 
 Coralline Limestones, and in which small islands began to be united 
 into large islands and quasi-continents. 
 
150 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 of vessels, horses, and cattle, and had considerable sums of 
 money at their disposal, and there was no people he was 
 acquainted with less likely to sit down quietly under what 
 they might regard as an injustice .” 
 
 “ For these and other reasons, the .Governor announced 
 that he should not proclaim the constitution before receiv- 
 ing fresh instructions from the Colonial Office. 
 
 “ The tone of the most trustworthy correspondence from 
 New Zealand, proves that this exercise of independent 
 authority on the part of Governor ' Grey has saved the 
 colony from disastrous consequences. Ministers acknow- 
 ledge his superior competency to judge in a matter of this 
 kind, and a bill has accordingly been introduced into the 
 House of Commons by Mr. Labouchere, ‘ for suspending, 
 during a limited time (viz., for five years), the operation 
 of part of the Act for making further provision for the 
 government of the New Zealand Islands.’ 
 
 Thus has this noble people, with a strong natural sense 
 and ability not hitherto supposed to belong innately to 
 “savages,” opposed more successfully the first step in 
 tyranny — the power of unrepresented taxation — than any 
 other nation (except the Saxon), which has ever existed, 
 civilized or uncivilized. 
 
 This has been done within twenty years after their 
 actual beneficial contact with civilization ; but it was more 
 than six hundred years after the Norman conquest, before 
 the Saxon roused himself to enforce the same right of self- 
 taxation. There could be- but one better evidence than 
 this of the high-class mind of this people ; and it has 
 furnished this one better, and best, evidence — its speedy 
 and conscientious reception of Christianity ; for “ in no 
 country, similarly circumstanced, has the Gospel .made 
 such rapid progress, since the days of the Apostles.” f 
 While for several centuries missionaries of every de- 
 nomination have laboured in Asia in vain, no sooner was 
 Christianity efficiently made known to the New Zealanders, 
 than, catching at once with a remarkable aptitude its 
 leading characteristics, and appreciating immediately its 
 beneficent doctrines, they accepted it ; and now, together 
 
 * Leeds Mercury, Jan. 1848. 
 f Church Missionary Report, 1848. 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 151 
 
 -with other Polynesian islands, New Zealand affords the 
 proudest conquest and the richest harvest of the soldier of 
 Christ. 
 
 Yet, apparently, for no nation could Christianity he less 
 adapted, and no nation could be expected to afford less 
 hope of speedy conversion. The pagan New Zealander 
 was a fierce, blood-thirsty monster, spending his whole 
 life, and finding all his pleasures, in the most savage war- 
 fare. Not content with slaying his enemies in combat, he 
 sat down afterwards, with a joyous enthusiasm worthy of 
 a fiend, to make a feast on their carcasses. Human sacri- 
 fices stained his altars, and hideously deformed images 
 pourtrayed his debased notions of a God. 
 
 On the other hand, the peaceable and mild Hindoos, 
 whose religion forbids bloody sacrifices of any kind, and 
 enjoins the careful preservation of the spirit of life, even 
 in the meanest forms ; whose singular traditions of the 
 incarnate Chreeshna seem to point distinctly to a Messiah, 
 and whose remarkable Trimurti, ‘‘ three in one, and one 
 in three,” seems to open a way to the facile reception of 
 the mysterious doctrine of a Trinity in Unity, have never, 
 as a nation, a province, or even a small village, embraced 
 Christianity.* China, which has its similar traditions, 
 whose sages have taught that “ The true Holy One is to 
 be found in the West,” and that “ Eternal reason (Ao-yor) 
 produced One, One produced Two, Two produced Three, 
 and Thbee produced all things,” and whose calm stoicism 
 and severe morality are so accordant with the external 
 symptoms of a Christian mind, has hardly furnished a 
 single convert, and apparently feels no curiosity about the 
 religion of the Fanqui (white devils). 
 
 If history is the past teaching lessons to the future, 
 surely our Missionary Societies might take a lesson from 
 these facts, and withdraw their exertions from so hopeless 
 
 * India.— -England holds in subjection one hundred millions of 
 heathens and idolaters. India is at once our glory and our shame. 
 Though we have been masters there for nearly a century, little has 
 yet been done towards the Christianizing of that mighty empire. — 
 Appeal of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
 Parts , 1848. 
 
152 
 
 OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 a field as Asia, and expend them on the hopeful soil of 
 Polynesia. Surely if the great Apostle of the Gentiles, 
 who was specially appointed to bring into the fold of 
 Christ “ all nations,” was forbidden to preach the Word to 
 the effete nations of Asia, it is not given to his successors 
 to contravene the inspired mandate. 
 
 Other injunctions of Scripture to the apostolic Church 
 are rightly interpreted as applicable, and to be obeyed by 
 the Church in all future ages ; and it is a strange incon- 
 sistency, arising from a too warm and enthusiastic desire 
 to promote the kingdom of Christ, fruitlessly to strive, in 
 this instance, against the mandate of the Holy Spirit. 
 
 Thus much have we said, to contrast the New Zealand 
 mind with the Hindoo and the Chinese, because the same 
 contrast is manifest in their respective physiognomies. 
 
 NEW ZEALANDER. 
 
 Compare the bold energetic Roman Nose, the manly and 
 commanding profile of the New Zealander, with the soft 
 and rounded features of the Hindoo, and the flat monoto- 
 nous surface of the Chinese visage. You perceive at a 
 glance that the first is the face of a man of strong, straight- 
 forward, common sense, and intense energy. He may not 
 be an acute and subtle reasoner; but he catches at once 
 the leading points of a subject, instantly decides, and 
 instantly acts upon his decision. 
 
OF NATIONAL NOSES. 
 
 153 
 
 While the two latter remain in imperturbable absorptioa, 
 and while the subtle “ Greek” would be thinking too pre- 
 cisely on the event, 
 
 “ A thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom. 
 
 And ever three parts coward,” 
 
 the “ Roman” has been, and seen, and conquered. He is 
 come back, at home, resting after his successful toil ; while 
 the “ Snub” is thinking about getting out of bed, and the 
 “ Greek” is making up his mind whether it is “ worth 
 while” to go out. 
 
 Thus we have, from divers sources, brought together, 
 briefly and succintly, a few of the universal proofs which 
 establish Nasology as a science. From individuals and 
 from nations we have gathered the basis of our nasological 
 laws ; and we trust we have produced conviction in some 
 minds that “ the Nose is an index to Character ;” if not, 
 we shall not say to the reader, as phrenologists do to their 
 incredulous auditors, that it arises from his defective orga- 
 nization, but rather attribute it to our own defective modp 
 of argumentation; for we shall not willingly admit the 
 erroneousness of a system which has been built up upon 
 many years of personal observation both among the dead 
 and among the living. 
 
 THE END. 
 
LONDON 
 
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