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GENERAL GRANT'S FAMILY.
GRANT AND HIS TRAVELS.
371
A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF
HIS EARLY LIFE,
A
His Tour Around the World,
CONTAINING ALSO
MILITARY ACHIEVEMENTS, AND
HISTORY OF HIS CIVIL ADMINISTRATION,
AND HIS SICKNESS AND DEATH.
BY
L. T. REMLAP.
Ca
"The good opinion of my countrymen is dearer to me than the
praise of all the world beside."-General Grant at the Press Reception,
San-Francisco.
Volume II.
NEW YORK:
HURST & COMPANY,
122 NASSAU STREET.
AN


D
ARGYLE PRESS,
FRINTING AND BOOKBINDING,
265 & 267 CHERRY ST., N. Y.


GRANT AND HIS TRAVELS.
CHAPTER XXXI.
GRANT IN INDIA.
General Grant again visited London, where a grand
dinner and reception was given him by our Minister to
England, Mr. Welsh, which was largely attended by the
elite of London, and American residents. At every station
en route the greatest enthusiasm was manifested. The
General left the next day for Paris, where he was the
recipient of a grand dinner at the United States Legation
on January 14, and a grand state dinner and reception at
the Palais d' Elysee, the residence of President Mac-
Mahon.
Among the invited guests were General Grant and
family, M. Waddington and wife, General Noyes and wife,
Miss King, Miss Stevens, the members of the Chinese
Embassy, the representatives of San Salvador, Buenos
Ayres, Chili, Guatemala, Peru, Colombia and Uruguay,
and many French generals and admirals.
The General left Paris for Marseilles on the evening of
January 21. The party accompanying him consisted of
Mrs. Grant, Colonel Fred. Grant, ex-Secretary of the Navy
A. E. Borie, Dr. Keating, and the Herald correspondent,
who made the whole trip to India. General Badeau went
as far as Marseilles. Generals Noyes and Fairchild, Secre-
taries Hill, Itgneau, and a large number of Americans, went
to the station to see the party off. The train left at a quar-
ter past seven o'clock, and arrived at Marseilles the follow-
ing morning at eleven o'clock. Consul John B. Gould
363
Q


364
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
received them at the railway station. An afternoon recep-
tion was held at the Consulate, where General Grant met
the leading citizens of Marseilles. At noon the party
embarked on the French steamship Labourdonais for India,
via Suez. The party embraced General and Mrs. Grant,
ex-Secretary Borie, Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick D.
Grant, Dr. Keating, of Philadelphia, and the Herald cor-
respondent.
General Badeau, Consul Gould, J. B. Lippincott, of
Philadelphia, John Munroe, the banker, and many other
citizens, took leave of General and Mrs. Grant. The day
was cold and the sky was filled with masses of gray cloud.
The people of Marseilles evinced great interest in the
General's departure. The ships in the harbor were dressed
with flags and streamers. General Grant and his party
were in the best of health and spirits.
The steamer moved out of the harbor shortly after
twelve o'clock, and the land journey of General Grant in
Europe closed amid the kindest manifestations of his
countrymen at Marseilles and the French citizens of that
great Mediterranean port. Marshal MacMahon had sent
orders to the French admirals on foreign stations and to
the governors of French colonies to treat ex-President
Grant with all the honors due to the head of an independ-
ent State.
The first hours on the Mediterranean were on a high
sea, but on second the day the sea went down and charming
yachting weather was enjoyed. On Friday, January 24,
the steamer passed between Corsica and Sardina, having a
a fine view of the dusky coasts of the former island. On
the 25th, about noon, Ischia was sighted, and through the
hazy atmosphere faint outlines of Vesuvius could be traced.
Ischia is a beautiful island, dotted with smiling villages,
and presenting an inviting appearance. Passing the island,
Capri was left to the right, and the vessel sailed into the
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
365
beautiful Bay of Naples. The King's palace, the convent,
the range of hills and the towering landscape remained un-
changed, and at once recognized, though a year had nearly
passed since the General's first visit. As soon as the anchor
was dropped, Mr. Maynard, our Minister to Turkey, and
Mr. Duncan, our Consul at Naples, came on board, and a
delightful hour was passed. In the afternoon the Labour-
donais steamed out to sea.
On the morning of the 26th
Stromboli was in sight. The General and party, owing
to the stormy weather, were unable to see this famed
island upon the previous voyage over this same route, but
they were now sailing under the shadow of this ancient
island. The volcano was throwing out ashes and smoke in
a feeble, fretful manner. At the base of this volcano is a
cluster of houses or a village. What reason any human
being can give for remaining in Stromboli is beyond the
knowledge of man. They are at the absolute mercy of
the sea and the furnace, and far away from neighbors and
refuge and rescue. It must be to gratify some poetic in-
stinct, for Stromboli is poetic enough. With every turn of
the screw our visitors were coming into the land of classic
and religious fame; these islands through which they were
sailing are the islands visited by the wandering Ulysses.
Reggio was passed, which in ancient days was called
Rhegium. It was here that St. Paul landed, after Syracuse
and Malta adventures, carrying with him the message of
Christ, going from this spot to preach the gospel to all
mankind.
Leaving Etna to the left, they sailed through Messina
Straits, the sea scarcely rippling, and were soon again in
the open sea, the land fading from view.
On the second morning Crete was passed, the snow
upon her mountain ranges being plainly visible from the
decks of the steamer. At noon Crete faded from their
sight, and a last farewell to Europe was uttered-farewell
366
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
to many a bright and happy hour spent on its shores, of
which all that remains is the memory.
On the evening of the 29th of January-it being the
evening of the seventh day of their journey from Mar-
seilles they came to anchor outside of the harbor of
Alexandria. There was some disappointment that the
steamer did not enter that evening, but they were an hour or
so late, and so they swung at anchor and found what conso-
lation they could in the enrapturing glory of an Egyptian
night. In the morning when the sun arose, the steamer
picked her way into the harbor, and when our visitors
came on deck they found themselves at anchor, with Alex-
andria before them, her minarets looking almost gay in the
fresh light of the morning sun.
A boat came out about
eight, bringing General C. P. Stone, Mr. Farman, our
Consul-General, Mr. Salvago, our Consul in Alexandria,
and Judge Morgan of the International Tribunal. Gen-
eral Stone came with kind messages from the Khedive, and
the hope that General Grant might be able to come to
Cairo. But this was not possible, as he had to connect
with the English steamer at Suez, and Suez was a long
day's journey. So all that was left was that they should
pull ashore as rapidly as possible and drive to the train.
The Consul-General, with prudent foresight, had arranged
that the train should wait for the General, and thus it came
that the General's ride through Egypt, from Alexandria to
Suez, was during the day, and not, as otherwise would
have happened, during the long and weary night.
It must have been pleasant to General Grant to land in a
quiet, unostentatious fashion, without pomp and ceremony
and pachas in waiting and troops in line, the blaze of trum-
pets and the thunder of guns. The escape from a salute
and a reception was a great comfort to the General, who
seemed to enjoy having no one's hands to shake, to enjoy a
snug corner in an ordinary railway car, talking with Gen-
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
367
eral Stone and Mr. Borie and the Consul-General. The
train waited half an hour for the General and party,
and would have been detained longer but for the energy
and genius shown by Hassan -the General's old friend
Hassan who accompanied him on the Nile. Hassan, as
the official guard of the Legation, wearing a sword, was
an authority in Egypt, and he used his authority to the
utmost in having the traps and parcels carried from the
wharf to the train. The ride to Suez was without inci-
dent, and Egypt, as seen from the car windows, was the
same Egypt about which so much has been written. The
fields were green, the air was clear and generous, the
train people were civil. When Arabs gathered at the doors.
to call for backsheesh in the name of the prophet Hassan
made himself, not without noise and effect, a beneficent
influence. The General chatted with Stone about school
times at West Point, about friends. Mr. Borie made vari-
ous attempts to see the Pyramids from the cars, and talked
over excursions that some of the party had made, and so
much interested was he that the party offered to remain
over one steamer to enable him to visit the Pyramids, and
the Sphinx, and the Serapeum at Memphis. But General
Grant was too late for India, and Mr. Borie would not con-
sent to the sacrifice of valuable time on the General's part,
and so they kept on to Suez. The hotel at Suez was formerly
a harem of the Egyptian princes. From the balcony one can
look out on the Red Sea, on the narrow line of water which
has changed the commerce of the world the Suez canal
Suez is a small, clean town - clean from an Oriental stand-
point. As the steamer that was to convey General Grant
and party to India had not arrived, but was blocked in the
canal, the visitors had a fine opportunity to visit the bazaars
and town.
•
.
About five in the afternoon the boat was sighted, and, as
the sun went down, General Grant went on board the
368
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
steamer, Mr. Farman and General Stone remaining until
the last moment, to say farewell. At eight o'clock on the
evening of January 30, the steamer Venetia, of the Penin-
sular and Oriental Steamship Company's line, moved out
into the Red Sea, and the last words of farewell were
spoken. Owing to heavy head winds, the Venetia did not
make much headway, losing nearly two days. At the
mouth of the Red Sea is Aden, a town with a population
of over twenty thousand inhabitants. It juts into the mouth
.of the Red Sea, commanding the entrance. It was taken
by the British in 1838, as a part of the English policy of
dotting the world with guns and garrisons. There is a
garrison, and the forts are manned with heavy guns. The
government is martial law, tempered with bribery. The
British pay the native chiefs annual tribute money to behave
themselves. Aden is a sort of gateway to the Red Sea
and the Indian Ocean, and the regulations of the British
government in reference to commerce are stringent, and
would scarcely be tolerated on the coasts of a stronger
power than Arabia. Every vessel carrying more than a
certain number of passengers must stop at Aden. The
nominal reason is to obtain a clean bill of health. The real
reason is, that it enables the government to keep a close
scrutiny upon all that is doing in the Indian waters. It
also adds to the revenues of Aden, for every vessel that
stops sends money on shore, and thus the fort, while secur-
ing a most important position, while commanding the Red
Sea and making it almost a British lake, supports itself.
It is observed in studying the growth of the British Em-
pire, that the self-supporting principle is always encour-
aged. The British give good government and make the
governed ones pay the bills, with a little over for home
revenues when possible. Remaining at Aden only long
enough to coal, on the morning of February 6 the steamer
headed for Bombay. The trip was a delightful one, the
¿

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
369
steamer scarcely rolling. On the morning of February
13 Bombay was reached.
The departure from Europe had been so sudden that
General Grant had no idea that even our Consul at Bom-
bay knew of his coming. All arrangements were made to
go to a hotel, and from thence make their journey; but the
Venetia had scarcely entered the harbor before evidences
were seen that the General was expected. Ships in the
harbor were dressed with flags, and at the wharf was a
large crowd-soldiers, natives, Europeans. As the En-
glish flag-ship was passed, a boat came alongside with an
officer representing Admiral Corbett, welcoming the Gen-
eral to India. In a few minutes came another boat bearing
Captain Frith, the military aid to Sir Richard Temple,
Governor of the Presidency of Bombay. Captain Frith
bore a letter from the Governor welcoming the General
to Bombay, and offering him the use of the Government
House at Malabar Point. Captain Frith expressed the
regret of Sir Richard that he could not be in Bombay to
meet General Grant, but duties connected with the Afghan
war kept him in Sind. The Consul, Mr. Farnham, also
came with a delegation of American residents, and wel-
comed the General and party.
At nine o'clock in the morning the last farewells were
spoken. They took leave of the many kind and pleasant
friends they had made on the Venetia, and went on board
the government yacht. The landing was at the Apollo
Bunder the spot where the Prince of Wales landed. As
they drew near the shore there was an immense crowd
lining the wharf, and a company of Bombay volunteers in
line. As the General ascended the steps he was met by
Brigadier-General Aitcheson, commanding the forces; Sir
Francis Souter, Commissioner of Police; Mr. Grant, the
Municipal Commissioner, and Colonel Sexton, command-
ing the Bombay Volunteers, all of whom gave him a
Y

370
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
hearty welcome to India. The volunteers presented arms,
the band played our national air, and the General, amid
loud cheers from the Europeans present, walked slowly
with uncovered head to the state carriage. Accompanied
by Captain Frith, who represented the Governor, and at-
tended by an escort of native cavalry, the General and party
made off to Malabar Point.
The General's home in Bombay was at the Govern-
ment House, on Malabar Point, in the suburbs of the city.
Malabar Point was in other days a holy place of the Hin-
doos. Here was a temple, and it was also believed that if
those who sinned made a pilgrimage to the rocks there
would be expiation or regeneration of the soul. The Por-
tuguese who came to India were breakers of images, who
believed that the religion of Christ was best served by the
destruction of the Pagan temples. Among the temples
which were subjected to their pious zeal was one on Mala-
bar Point. There are only the ruins remaining, and masses
of rock, bearing curious inscriptions, lie on the hillside.
Malabar Point is an edge of the island of Bombay jutting
out into the Indian Ocean. Where the bluff overlooks the
waters it is one hundred feet high. This remnant of the
rock has been rescued from the sea and storm and decorated
with trees and shrubbery, the mango and the palm. Over-
looking the sea is a battery with five large guns, shining
and black, looking out upon the ocean and keeping watch
over the Empire of England. It is difficult to describe a
residence like Government House on Malabar Point. Ar-
chitecture is simply a battle with the sun.
The house is a
group of houses. As you drive in the grounds through
stone gates that remind you of the porter's lodges at some
stately English mansions, you pass through an avenue of
mango trees, past beds of flowers throwing out their deli-
cate fragrance on the warm morning air. You come to a
one-storied house surrounded with spacious verandas.
wid
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
371
There is a wide state entrance covered with red cloth. A
guard is at the foot, a native guard wearing the English
scarlet, on his shoulders the number indicating the regi
ment. You pass up the stairs, a line of servants on either
side. The servants are all Mohammedans; they wear long
scarlet gowns, with white turbans; on the breast is a belt
with an imperial crown for an escutcheon. They salute
you with the grave, submissive grace of the East, touching
the forehead and bending low the head, in token of wel-
come and duty. You enter a hall and pass between two
rooms-large, high, decorated in blue and white, and look
out upon the gardens below, the sea beyond and the towers
of Bombay. One of these rooms is the state dining-room,
large enough to dine fifty people. The other is the state
drawing-room. This house is only used for ceremonies,
for meals and receptions.
General Grant was the guest of the Governor, and the
honors of his house were done by Captains Frith and Rad-
cliff of the army. Meals were taken in the state dining-
Mrs. Grant enjoyed every moment of her visit.
room.
The attentions paid to the General and his party by the
people of Bombay were so marked and continuous that
most of their time was taken up in receiving and acknowl-
ing them.
What most interested them, coming fresh from
Europe, was the entire novelty of the scene, the way of
living, the strange manners and customs. All impressions
of India, gathered from the scattered reading of busy days.
at home, are vague. Somehow one associates India with
ideas of pageanty. The history of the country has been
written in such glowing colors-one who has read Oriental
poems, and fallen under the captivating rhetoric of Mac..
aulay, looks for nature in a luxuriant form, for splendor
and ornament, for bazaars laden with gems and gold, for
crowded highways, with elephants slowly plodding their
way along.
A
**g
•
372
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
C
*
Therefore, when India is seen India as seen in this her
greatest city one is surprised to find it all so hard and baked
and brown. The greenness of field and hillside is missed.
A people who have nothing in common with any race
known. There are so many types, curious and varying,
that impressions are bewildering and indefinite. In time,
as the country is known and understood, it will be seen that
this civilization has lines of harmony like that left behind;
that there are reasons for all the odd things, just as there
are reasons for many odd things in America; and that
Indian civilization even now when its glory has departed,
its mightiest States are mere appendages of the British
Empire, when day after day it bends and crumbles under
the stern hand and cold brain of the Saxon - is rich in the
lessons and qualities which have for ages excited the am-
bition and wonder of the world.
p
On Friday night, General Grant visited the ball of the
Volunteer Corps, and was received by Colonel Sexton.
The ballroom was profusely decorated with flags — the
American flag predominating. On Saturday, at two
o'clock, he visited Dossabhoy Merwanjee, a Parsee mer-
chant. The reception was most cordial, the ladies of the
family decorating the General and party with wreaths of
jasmine flowers. In the afternoon he drove to the By-
In the eve-
culla Club, lunched, and looked at the races.
ning there was a state dinner at the Government House,
with forty-eight guests. The government band played
during dinner. The member of council, Hon. James
Gibbs, who represents the Governor, was in the chair. At
the close of the dinner, he proposed the health of the Gen-
eral, who arose, amid loud cheering, and said that he was
now carrying out a wish he had long entertained, of visit-
His
ing India and the countries of the ancient world.
reception in Bombay had been most gratifying. The cor-
diality of the people, the princely hospitality of the Gov-

TOUR AROUND THE WORld.
373
ernor, the kindness of the members of the household, all
combined to make him feel the sincerity of the welcome.
It was only a continuance of the friendliness he had met
in Europe, and which was especially grateful to him
because it indicated a friendly feeling toward his own coun-
try. In this spirit he accepted it, for he knew of nothing
that would go further toward insuring peace to all nations,
and with peace the blessings of civilization, than a perfect
understanding between Englishmen and Americans, the
The Gen-
great English-speaking nations of the world.
He
eral said he hoped he might see his hosts in America.
would be most happy to meet them, and return the hospi-
´tality he had received. He was sorry he could not see Sir
Richard Temple, the Governor of Bombay, of whom he
had heard a great deal and whom he was anxious to meet.
But he would ask them to join with him in drinking the
health of the Governor. This sentiment was drank with
all the honors. The dinner was finely served, and after
dinner the General and guests strolled about on the veranda,
smoking or chatting, looking out on the calm and murmur-
ing ocean that rolled at their feet, and the lights of the city
beyond. There was a luncheon with Sir Michael R. Wes-
tropp, Chief Justice of Bombay.
Subsequently General Grant visited the English man-
of-war Euryolus, the flagship of the English squadron in
India. Admiral Corbett received the General, and on his
leaving the vessel fired twenty-one guns. There was a
visit to the Elephanta caves, one of the sights in India.
The visitors left the wharf, and steamed across the bay in
a small launch belonging to the government. The after-
noon was beautiful, the islands in the bay breaking up the
horizon into various forms of beauty, that resembled the
islands of the Mediterranean. Elephanta caves belong to
Hindoo theology. Here in the rocks the Brahmins built
their temples, and now on the holy days the people come

374
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
...
E
and worship their gods according to the ritual of their
ancestors. What the temple might have been in its best
days cannot be imagined from the ruins.
Having reached the temples, they strolled about, study-
ing the figures, noting the columns and the curious archi-
tecture, full, rude, massive, unlike any forms of architectural
art familiar to Americans. The main temple is one hun-
dred and twenty-five feet long, and the same in width.
The idols are hewn out of the rock. The faces of some
are comely, and there is a European expression in the fea-
tures that startles you. The type is a higher one than
those seen in Egypt. One of the idols, supposed to be the
Hindoo Trinity - Brahmin, Vishnu and Siva. There is a
figure of a woman the wife of Siva-and it is seen in
these pagan faiths that woman, who holds so sad a place
in their domestic economy, was worshiped as fervently as
some of us worship the Virgin. It is the tribute which
even the heathen pays, as if by instinct, to the supreme
blessing of maternity. But when the Portuguese came,
with the sword and the cross, little mercy was shown to
the homes of the pagan gods. It is believed that these tem-
ples were cut out of the rocks in the tenth century, and
that for eight hundred years these stony emblems were
worshiped.
On Monday the General was entertained in state at the
Government House at Malabar Point. Hon. James Gibbs,
the member of the council who acted as Governor in the
absence of Sir Richard Temple, presided, and at the close
of the dinner the company drank the health of the General.
In response the General referred to the kindness he had
received in India, which was only renewing the kindness
shown him all over Europe, and which he accepted as an
evidence of the good will which really existed between
Englishmen and Americans, and which was to his mind.
the best assurance of peace for all nations. After the din-
Ad
...
7

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
375
ner the General received a large number of the native
merchants and gentlemen of Bombay. It may seem odd
to American eyes that merchants and gentlemen should be
asked to come in at the end of a feast, and not to take
part. But this exclusion is their own wish. Many of
these merchants and gentlemen belong to castes who look
on the food of the Europeans as unclean, who believe in
the sacredness of life and will not eat animal food, and
who could not sit at the table with the General without
losing caste. These men will meet you in business, will
serve you in various ways, but their religion prevents
their sharing your table. So the invitation to the natives
to meet the General was fixed at an hour when dinner was
over.
M
>
They came in groups - Hindoos, Arabs, Parsees, native
officers in uniforms, in quaint flowing costumes. The
General stood at the head of the hallway, with Mr. Gibbs
and Major Rivet-Carnac, the Governor's military secre-
tary. As each native advanced, he was presented to the
General with some word of history or compliment from
Mr. Gibbs. "This is So-and-So, an eminent Brahmin
scholar, who stands high among our barriste", or, "this
is So-and-So, a Pars- merchant, who has done a great
deal of good to Bombay, and has been knighted for his
services by the Queen;" or, "this is the oldest Arab
merchant;" or, "this is a gallant officer of our native
cavalry;" or, "this is the leading diamond merchant
in Bombay, a Hindoo gentleman, one of the richest
in India.” As each of them advanced, it was with folded
hands, as in prayer, or saluting by touching the breast
and brow in the submissive, graceful, bending way.
Here were men of many races the Parsee, from Persia,
the Arab, from Cairo, whose ancestors may have ridden
with Omar; the Brahmin of a holy caste, in whose veins
runs the stainless blood of Indian nobility, descendant of
:
:
.

376
GENERAL U. s. GRANT'S
men who were priests and rulers ages before England had
risen from her clouds of barbarism. Between these races
there is no love. If they do not like England, they hate
one another. Religious differences, tradition, memories of
war and conquest, the unaccountable antipathies of race
which have not been eliminated from their civilization
all generate a fierce animosity which would break into
flames once the restraining hand were lifted. What welds
them together is the power of England; and as you look
at this picturesque group- their heads, full eyes, their fine
Asiatic type of face, clear and well cut here assembled
peacefully, you see the extent of the empire to which
they all owe allegiance, and admire the genius and courage
which has brought them to submit to a rule which, what.
ever it may have been in the past, grows more and more
beneficent.
The General left Bombay on Tuesday, February 18,
having driven into town and made some farewell calls.
At five he left Government House in a state carriage,
accompanied by Major Carnac, who represented Governor
Temple, and escorted by a squadron of cavalry. On arriv-
ing at the ction there was a grd of honor of native
infantry drawn up, which presente. arms and lowered
colors. All the leading men of the Bombay Government
Parsee and native merchants; our Consul, Mr. Farnham,
whose kindness was untiring; Mr. Gibbs, and all the mem-
bers of the government household, were present. In a
few minutes the signal for leaving was made, and, the
General thanking his good friends of M'abar Point, the
train pushed off amid cheers and the salutes of the mili-
tary.
On the 20th of February the party arrived at Tatul-
pur, and visited the Marble Rocks, on the Norbudda
River, riding there on elephants provided by the govern
ment.

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
377
The General arrived at Allahabad on the 22d of Feb-.
ruary, where he was received by Sir George Cowper,.
Lieutenant-Governor of the Northwest Provinces, and
was escorted to the Government House.
The General arrived at Agra on the 23d, and on the
following day he visited Jeypore, where he was received
by the Maharajah with his ministers, and the English
Resident, Dr. Hendley. As the General descended, the
Maharajah, who wore the ribbon and star of the Order of
India, advanced and shook hands, welcoming him to his
dominions. The Maharajah is a small, rather fragile per-
son, with a serious, almost a painful, expression of counten-
ance, but an intelligent, keen face. He looked like a man of
sixty. His movements were slow, impassive—the move-
ments of old age. This may be a mannerism, however,
for on studying his face you could see that there is some
youth in it. On his brow were the crimson emblems of
his caste the warrior caste of Rajpootana. His Highness.
does not speak English, although he understands it, and
our talk was through an interpreter. After the exchange
of courtesies and a few moments' conversation, the General
drove off to the English Residency, accompanied by a com-.
pany of Jeypore cavalry. The Residency is some distance.
from the station. It is a fine, large mansion, surrounded
by a park and garden.
It was arranged that the General should visit Amber,
the ancient capital of Jeypore, one of the most curious
sights in India. Amber was the capital until the close of
the seventeenth century. It was one of the freaks of the
princes who once reigned in India, that when they tired of
a capital or a palace, they wandered off and built a new
one, leaving the other to run to waste. The ruins of India
are as a general thing the abandoned palaces and temples
of kings who grew weary of their toy and craved another.
This is why Amber is now an abandoned town and Jeypore

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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
..
:
the capital. If the Maharajah were to tire of Jeypore and
return to Amber, the town would accompany him, for
without the Court the town would die. Traveling in India.
must be done very early in the morning, and, although the
visitors had had a severe day's journey, they left for Amber
at seven in the morning. A squadron of the Maharajah's
cavalry accompanied them. They are fine horsemen, and
wear quilted uniforms of printed cotton. The drive
through Jeypore was interesting, from the fact that they
were now in a native city, under native rule. Heretofore
the India they had seen was India under Englishmen; but
Jeypore is sovereign, with power of life and death over its
own subjects. The city is purely Oriental, and is most
picturesque and striking. There are two or three broad
streets, and one or two squares, that would do no discredit
to Paris. The architecture is Oriental, and, as all the houses
are painted after the same pattern, in rose color, it gives
you the impression that it is all the same building. The
streets had been swept for the coming of the visitors, and
men, carrying goatskins of water, were sprinkling them.
Soldiers were stationed at various points to salute, and
sometimes the salute was accompanied with a musical bang-
ing on various instruments of the national air. The best
that India can do for a distinguished American, is "God
Save the Queen."
There are gas lamps in Jeypore; this is a tremendous
advance in civilization. One of the first things General
· Grant heard in India, was that in Jeypore lived a great
prince, a most enlightened prince, quite English in his ideas,
who had gas lamps in his streets. He had a theatre almost
ready for occupancy; there was a troupe of Parsee players
in town, who had come all the way from Bombay, and
were waiting to open it. The Maharajah was sorry he
.could not show the General a play.
To go to Amber, General Grant and party must ride.

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
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elephants, for after a few miles the hills come, and the roads
are broken, and carriages are of no value. Camels or horses
could be used, but the Maharajah had sent elephants, and
they were waiting for them under a grove of mango trees,
drawn up by the side of the road, as if to salute. The
principal elephant wore a scarlet cloth, as a special honor
to the General. The elephant means authority in India,
and, when you wish to do your guest the highest honor, you
mount him on an elephant. The Maharajah also sent sedan
chairs for those who preferred an easier and swifter convey-
ance.
Mrs. Grant chose the sedan chair, and was switched off
at a rapid pace up the ascending road by four Hindoo
bearers. The pace at which these chairs is carried is a
short, measured quickstep, so that there is no uneasiness to
the rider. The rest mounted the elephants. Elephant-
riding is a curious and not an unpleasant experience. The
animal is under perfect control, and very often, especially
in the case of such a man as the ruler of Jeypore, has been
for generations in the same family. The elephant is under
the care of a driver, called a mahout. The mahout sits on
the neck, or more properly the head, of the elephant, and
guides him with a stick or sharp iron prong, with which he
strikes the animal on the top of the head. Between the
elephant and mahout there are relations of affection. The
mahout lives with the elephant, gives him his food, and
each animal has its own keeper. The huge creature be-
comes in time as docile as a kitten, and will obey any order
of the mahout. The elephant reaches a great age. It is
not long since there died at Calcutta the elephant which
carried Warren Hastings when Governor General of India,
a century ago. There are two methods of riding elephants.
One is in a box like the four seats of a carriage, the other
on a square quilted seat, your feet hanging over the sides
something like an Irish jaunting car. The first plan ia
SM

380
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
good for hunting, but for comfort the second is the better.
At a signal from the mahout the elephant slowly kneels.
When the elephant rises, which he does two legs at a time,
deliberately, the rider must hold on to the rail of the seat.
Once on his feet, he swings along at a slow, wabbling pace.
The motion is an easy one, like that of a boat in a light
In time, if going long distances, it becomes very
tiresome.
sea.
Arrived at Amber, the General found Mrs. Grant with
her couriers, having arrived some time before, and had
mounted to a window high up in the palace, and was
waving her handkerchief. The visitors had reached the
temple while worship was in progress. Dr. Hendley
informed the General that he was in time to take part
in the services and to see the priest offer up a kid.
Every day in the year in this temple a kid is offered
up as a propitiation for the sins of the Maharajah.
a
The temple was little more than a room in the palace
private chapel. At one end was a platform raised a few inch-
es from the ground and covered over. On this platform were
the images of the gods of the special God. Whatever
the god, the worship was in full progress, and there was
the kid ready for sacrifice. Entering the enclosure, the
visitors stood with uncovered heads; only some half a dozen
worshipers were crouching on the ground. One of the
attendants held the kid, while the priest was crouching over
it, reading from the sacred books, and in a half humming,
half whining chant blessing the sacrifice, and as he said
each prayer putting some grain or spice or oil on its head.
The poor animal licked the crumbs as they fell about it,
quite unconscious of its holy fate. Another attendant took
a sword and held it before the priest. He read some pray-
ers over the sword and consecrated it. Then the kid was
carried to the corner, where there was a small heap of sand
or ashes and a gutter to carry away the blood. The priest
M
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
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continued his prayers, the kid's head was suddenly drawn
down and with one blow severed from the body. The
virtue of the sacrifice consists in the head falling at the first
blow, and so expert do the priests become that at some of
the great sacrifices, where buffalo are offered up in expiation
of the princely sins, they will take off the buffalo's head
with one stroke of the sword. The kid, having performed
the office of expiation, becomes useful for the priestly
dinner.
Of the palace of Amber the most one can say is that it
is curious and interesting as the home of an Indian King in
the days when India was ruled by her Kings, and a Hastings
and a Clive had not come to rend and destroy. The
Maharajah has not quite abandoned it. He comes some-
times to the great feasts of the faith, and a few apartments
are kept for him. His rooms were ornamented with look-
ing-glass decorations, with carved marble which the artisan
had fashioned into tracery so delicate that it looked like
lacework. What strikes one in this Oriental decoration is
its tendency to light, bright, lacelike gossamer work,
showing infinite pains and patience in the doing, but without
any special value as a real work of art. The general effect of
these decorations is agreeable, but all is done for effect.
There is no such honest, serious work as you see in the
Gothic cathedrals, or even in the Alhambra. One is the
expression of a facile, sprightly race, fond of the sunshine,
delighting to repeat the caprice of nature in the curious and
quaint; the other has a deep, earnest purpose. This is an
imagination which sees its gods in every form in stones
and trees and beasts and creeping things, in the stars above,
in the snake wriggling through the hedges - the other sees
only one God, even the Lord God Jehovah, who made the
heavens and the earth and will come to judge the world at
the last day. As you wander through the courtyards and
chambers of Amber, the fancy is amused by the charac-
+

382
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
•
ter of all that surrounds you. There is no luxury. All
these Kings wanted was air and sunshine. They slept on
the floor. The chambers of their wives were little more
than cells built in stone. Here are the walls that surround-
ed their section of the palace. There are no windows
looking into the outer world, only a thick stone wall
pierced with holes slanting upward, so that if a curious
spouse looked out she would see nothing lower than the
stars. Amber is an immense palace, and could quite ac-
commodate a rajah with a court of a thousand attendants.
There were some beautiful views from the terrace. The
General would like to have remained, but the elephants had
been down to the water to lap themselves about, and were
now returning refreshed to bear us back to Jeypore. The
visitors had only given themselves a day for the town, and
had to return the call of the Prince, which is a serious
task in Eastern etiquette.
Mr. Borie was much exhausted by his ride and the heat
of the sun, and was prevailed upon to make the descent in
a chair, as Mrs. Grant had done. Returning to Jeypore
the same day, our party were very tired, and early sought
rest.
GY

The following day, at Jeypore, the General visited the
school of arts and industry, in which he was greatly inter-
ested, one of his special subjects of inquiry being the indus-
trial customs and resources of the country. This school is
one of the Prince's favorite schemes, and the scholars showed
aptness in their work. Jeypore excels in the manufacture
of enameled jewelry; some of the specimens seen were
exceedingly beautiful and costly. The Mint was visited,
and here the workmen were seen beating the coin and
stamping it.
At the collection of tigers, a half dozen brutes were
cage, each of whom had a history. There were man-eaters;
one enormous creature had killed twenty-five men before
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
383
he was captured. Having passed the day in seeing the
sights, the party returned to the Residency, and found a
group of servants, from the palace, on the veranda, each
carrying a tray laden with sweetmeats and nuts, oranges
and fruit. This was an offering from the Prince, and it
was necessary that the General should touch some of the
fruit and taste it, and say how much he was indebted to
His Highness for the remembrance; then the servants re-
turned to the palace.
The Maharajah sent word that he would receive Gen-
eral Grant at five. The Maharajah is a pious prince, a de-
votee, and almost an ascetic. He gives seven hours a day
to devotions. He partakes only of one meal. When he is
through with his prayers he plays billiards. He is the hus-
band of ten wives. His tenth wife was married to him a
few weeks ago. The court gossip is that he did not want
another wife, that nine were enough; but in polygamous.
countries marriages are made to please families, to consoli-
date alliances, to win friendships, very often to give a home
to the widows or sisters of friends. The Maharajah was
under some duress of this kind, and his bride was brought
home, and is now with her sister brides behind the stone
walls, killing time as she best can, while her lord prays and
plays billiards. These wives live in cloistered seclusion.
They are guarded by eunuchs, and even when ill are not
allowed to look into the face of a physician, but put their
hands through a screen. It was said in Jeypore that no face
of a Rajput Princess was ever seen by a European.
These prejudices are respected and protected by the Im-
perial Government, which respects and protects every cus-
tom in India so long as the States behave themselves and
pay tribute. In their seclusion the princesses adorn them-
selves, see the Nautch girls dance, and read romances.
They are not much troubled by the Maharajah. That
great prince, I hear, is tired of everything but his devotions
Supp

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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
PRET 40%
ORSAN
and his billiards. He has no children, and is not supposed
to have hopes of an heir. He will, as is the custom in these
high families, adopt some prince of an auxiliary branch.
The government of the kingdom is in the hands of a
council, among whom are the Prime Minister and the prin-
cipal brahmin.
General Grant drove to the palace at four o'clock, and
at once inspected the stables. There were some fine horses,
and exhibitions of horsemanship which astonished even the
General. He was shown the astronomical buildings of Jai
Singh II., which were on a large scale and accurately graded.
He climbed to the top of the palace, and had a fine view of
Jeypore. The palace itself embraces one-sixth of the city,
and there are ten thousand people within its walls— beg-
gars, soldiers, priests, politicians, all manner of human
beings who live on the royal bounty. The town looked
picturesque and cool in the shadows of the descending sun.
At five precisely we entered the courtyard leading
to the reception hall. The Maharajah came slowly down
the steps, with a serious, preoccupied air, not as an old man,
but as one who was too weary with a day's labors to make
any effort, and shook hands with the General and Mrs.
Grant. He accompanied the General to a seat of honor
and sat down at his side. They all arranged themselves
in the chairs. On the side of the General sat the mem-
bers of his party; on the side of the Maharajah the mem-
bers of his Cabinet. Dr. Hendley acted as interpreter.
The Prince said Jeypore was honored in seeing the face
of the great American ruler, whose fame had reached
Hindostan. The General said he had enjoyed his visit,
that he was pleased and surprised with the prosperity of
the people, and he should have felt he had lost a great
deal if he had come to India and not seen Jeypore. The
Maharajah expressed regret that the General made so
short a stay. The General answered that he came to
W
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
385
India late, and was rather pressed for time from the fact
that he wished to see the Viceroy before he left Calcutta,
and to that end had promised to be in Calcutta on
March 10.
His Highness then made a gesture, and a troop of
dancing girls came into the court-yard. One of the
features of a visit to Jeypore is what is called the Nautch
The Nautch is a sacred affair, danced by Hindoo girls of
a low caste in the presence of the idols in the palace
temple. A group of girls came trooping in, under the
leadership of an old fellow with a long beard and a hard
expression of face, who might have been the original of
Dickens' Fagin. The girls wore heavy garments em
broidered, the skirts composed of many folds, covered
with gold braid. They had ornaments on their heads and
jewels in the side of the nose. They had plain faces, and
carried out the theory of caste, if there be anything in
such a theory, in the contrast between their features and the
delicate, sharply-cut lines of the higher class Brahmins
and the other castes who surrounded the Prince. The
girls formed in two lines, a third line was composed of
four musicians, who performed a low, growling kind of
music on unearthly instruments. The dance had no value
in it, either as an expression of harmony, grace or motion.
The Nautch dance is meaningless. It is not even im-
proper.
It is attended by no excitement, no manifesta-
tions of religious feeling. A group of course, ill-formed
women stood in the lines, walked and twisted about,
breaking now and then into a chorus, which added to the
din of the instruments. This was the famous Nautch
dance, which they were to see in Jeypore with amazement,
and to remember as one of the sights of India. Either as
an amusement or a religious ceremony it had no value.
The General did not appreciate the dance, though he
remained during its performance. Dr. Hendley, evidently
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GENERAL U. s. GRANT'S
thinking that the dance had served every useful purpose,
said a word to the Prince, who made a sign, the dance
stopped, the girls vanished, and the whole party retired to
the billiard room.
The Maharajah plays billiards when he is not at prayers.
He was anxious to have a game with the General. The
General played in an indiscriminate, promiscuous manner,
and made some wonderful shots in the way of missing balls
he intended to strike. Mr. Borie, whose interest in the
General's fortunes extends to billiards, began to deplore
those eccentric experiments, when the General said he had
not played billiards for thirty years. The Maharajah tried
to lose the game, and said to one of his attendants that he
was anxious to show the General that delicate mark of hos-
pitality. The game ended, His Highness winning.
Then they strolled into the gardens, and looked at the
palace towers, which the Prince took pleasure in showing
to the General, and which looked airy and beautiful in the
rosy shadows of the descending sun. There were beds of
flowers and trees, and the coming night, which comes so
swiftly in these latitudes, brought a cooling breeze. Then
His Highness gave each a photograph of his royal person,
consecrated with his royal autograph, which he wrote on
the top of a marble railing. Then they strolled toward the
grand hall of ceremony to take leave. Taking leave is a
solemn act in India. The party entered the spacious hall,
where the Prince received the Prince of Wales. Night
had come so rapidly, that servants came in all directions
carrying candles and torches that lit up the gaudy and glit-
tering hall. An attendant carried a tray bearing wreaths
of the rose and jasmine. The Maharajah, taking two of
these wreaths, put them on the neck of the General. He
did the same to Mrs. Grant, and all the members of the
party. Then, taking a string of gold and silken cord, he
placed that on Mrs. Grant as a special honor. The Gen-

टै
तो
क
S
Sworoona

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
389
eral, who was instructed by the English Resident, took
four wreaths and put them on the neck of the Maharajah,
who pressed his hands and bowed his thanks. Another
servant came, bearing a small cup of gold and gems con-
taining ottar of roses. The Maharajah, putting some of
the perfume on his fingers, transferred it to Mrs. Grant's
handkerchief. With another portion he passed his hands
along the General's breast and shoulders. This was done to
each of the party. The General then taking the perfume,
passed his hands over the Maharajah's shoulders, and so
concluding the ceremony, which, in all royal interviews in
the East, is supposed to mean a lasting friendship. Then
the Prince, taking General Grant's hand in his own, led
him from the hall, across the garden and to the gateway of
his palace, holding his hand all the time. The carriages
were waiting, and the Prince took his leave saying how
much he was honored by the General's visit. The cavalry
escort formed in line, the guard presented
visitors drove at full gallop to their home.
one of the most interesting and eventful days in the Gen-
eral's visit to India.
arms, and the
And so ended
R
२९र और
CHAPTER XXXII.
STILL IN INDIA.
General Grant and party visited the Maharajah of Burt-
poor, a young prince about thirty years of age. His state
is small its area 1,974 miles, with a population of 743,710,
and a revenue of $15,000,000. The day was hot, and the
ride had been through a low country, the scenery not very
attractive at the best, but now brown and arid under a
steaming sun. Arrived at the station, all Burtpoor seemed
to be awaiting the General's appearance, with the Maha-
rajah at the head. The prince was accompanied by the
British officers attached to his court, and, advancing, shook
hands with the General and welcomed him to his capital.
He wore a blazing uniform, covered with jewels. He had
a firm, stern face, with strong features, a good frame, and
unlike his brother of Jeypore, who gives his days to prayers
and his evenings to billiards; and, although he has the Star
of India, has long since seen the vanity of human glory,
and hates power, is a soldier and a sportsman, and is called
a firm and energetic ruler. From the station the party
drove to the palace, through a town whose dismantled walls
speak of English valor and English shame, past bazaars,
where people seemed to sell nothing, only to broil in the
sunshine, and under a high archway into a courtyard, and
thence to the palace. There was nothing special about the
palace, except that it was very large and very uncomfortable.
The prince does not live in this palace, but in one more
suited to Oriental tastes. It was here where he received
390
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
391
the Prince of Wales on the occasion of his visit in 1876.
There was a breakfast prepared, which the prince left his
guests to enjoy in company with their English friends. In
this country the hospitality of the highest princes never
goes so far as to ask you to eat. The rules of caste are so
marked that the partaking of food with one of another
caste, and especially of another race, would be defilement.
The host at the close of the breakfast returned in state, and
there was the ceremony of altar and pan, and cordial inter-
changes of good feeling between the Maharajah and the
General.
The General and party visited the famous ruins of
Futtehpoor Sikva. In the days of the great Moham-
medan rulers there was none so great as Akbar. He
founded the city and built the palace. The night had fallen
before the visitors arrived at their destination, so that they
were compelled to remain over night in the ruins. Mr.
Lawrence, the British Collector at Agra, had sent forward
bed and bedding, and all that was necessary to make the
guests comfortable. After a night's rest, the following
morning an early start was made to view the ruins. To
see all of this stupendous ruin would include a ride around
a circumference of seven miles. The ruins were well worth
a study. The General examined first a courtyard, or quad-
rangle, four hundred and thirty-three feet by three hundred
and sixty-six feet. On one side of this is the mosque, which
is a noble building, suffering, however, from the over-
shadowing grandeur of the principal gateway, the finest, it
is said, in India, looming up out of the ruins with stately
and graceful splendor, but dwarfing the other monuments
and ruins. This was meant as an arch of triumph to the
glory of the Emperor, "King of Kings," "Heaven of the
Court," and "Shadow of God." There are many of these
inscriptions in Arabic, a translation of which is found in
Mr. Keene's handbook. The most suggestive is this:
392
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:i
"Know that the world is a glass, where the favor has come
and gone. Take as thine own nothing more than what
thou lookest upon." The prevailing aspect of the archi
tecture was Moslem, with traces of Hindoo taste and deco-
ration. The mosque, the tombs and the gateway are all
well preserved. At one of the mosques were a number of
natives in prayer, who interrupted their devotions long
enough to show General Grant the delicate tracing on the
walls and beg a rupee. One of the pleasures of wandering
among these stupendous ruins is to wander alone and take
in the full meaning of the work and the genius of the men
who did it. The guides have nothing to tell you. The
ruins to them are partly dwelling-places, pretexts for beg
ging rupees.
General Grant and party visited Benares -the sacred
city of the Hindoosa city of temples, idols, priests, and
worship. The General found so much to interest him in
India that it was a source of regret to him that he did not
come earlier in the season. Every hour in the country had
been full of interest, and the hospitality of the officials and
the people so generous and profuse, that his way had been
especially pleasant. Travel during the day in India is very
severe. Mrs. Grant stood the journey, especially the se-
verer phases of it, marvellously, and justifies the reputation
for endurance and energy which she won on the Nile.
The General is a severe and merciless traveler, who never
tires, always ready for an excursion or an experience, as in-
different to the comforts or necessities of the way as if he
had been on the tented field. Upon arriving at the station
of Benares, Mr. Daniels, the representative of the Viceroy,
met the General and party. A large guard of honor was
in attendance, accompanied by the leading military and
civic English representatives and native rajahs, who walked
down the line with uncovered heads.
In honor of the General's coming, the road from the
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
393
station to the Government House had been illuminated..
Poles had been stuck in the ground on either side of the
road, and from these poles lanterns and small glass ves-
els filled with oil were swinging. So as they drove, before-
and behind was an avenue of light that recalled the Paris.
boulevards as seen from Montmartre. It was a long drive
to the house of the Commissioner. A part of his house
Mr. Daniels gave to General and Mrs. Grant and Mr. Borie..
For the others there were tents in the garden.
66
Benares, the sacred city of the Hindoos, sacred also to
the Buddhists, is one of the oldest in the world. Macau-
lay's description, so familiar to all, is worth reprinting, from
the vividness with which it represents it, as to-day.
"Ben-
ares," says Macaulay, in his essay on Warren Hastings,.
was a city which, in wealth, population, dignity and sanc-
tity, was among the foremost in Asia. It was commonly
believed that half a million human beings were crowded.
into that labyrinth of lofty alleys, rich with shrines and
minarets, and balconies and carved oriels, to which the
sacred apes clung by hundreds. The traveler could scarcely
make his way through the press of holy mendicants and.
not less holy bulls. The broad and stately flights of steps.
which descended from these swarming haunts to the bath-
ing places along the Ganges were worn every day by the
footsteps of an innumerable multitude of worshipers.,
The schools and temples drew crowds of pious Hindoos,
from every province where the Brahminical faith was.
known. Hundreds of devotees came thither every month.
to die, for it was believed that a peculiarly happy fate
awaited the man who should pass from the sacred city
into the sacred river. Nor was superstition the only motive
which allured strangers to that great metropolis. Com-
merce had as many pilgrims as religion. All along the
shores of the venerable stream lay great fleets of vessels
laden with rich merchandise. From the looms of Benares
..
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
went forth the most delicate silks that adorned the halls of
St. James and Verseilles; and in the bazaars the muslins
of Bengal and the sabres of Oude were mingled with the
jewels of Golconda and the shawls of Cashmere." Ben-
ares to one-half the human race—to the millions in China
who profess Buddhism and the millions in India who wor-
ship Brahma is as sacred as Jerusalem to the Christian.
or Mecca to the Mohammedan. Its greatness was known
in the days of Nineveh and Babylon, when, as another
writer says, " Tyre was planting her colonies, when Athens
was gaining in strength, before Rome became known, or
Greece had contended with Persia, or Cyrus had added to
the Persian monarchy, or Nebuchadnezzar had captured
Jerusalem." The name of Benares excites deep emotions
in the breast of every pious Hindoo, and his constant prayer
is, "Holy Kasi! Would that I could see the eternal city
favored of the gods! Would that I might die on its sacred
soil!"
Benares is a city of priests. Its population is over two
hundred thousand; of this number twenty-five thousaná
are Brahmins. They govern the city, and hold its temples,
wells, shrines and streams. Pilgrims are constantly arriv
ing; as many as two hundred thousand come in the course
of the year. Not long since, one authority counted fourteen
hundred and fifty-four Hindoo temples, and two hundred
and seventy-two mosques. In addition to the temples,
there are shrines-cavities built in walls, containing the
image of some god-as sacred as the temples. Pious
rahjas are always adding to the temples and shrines. The
streets are so narrow that only in the widest can even an
elephant make his way. They are alleys-narrow alleys,
not streets—and, as you thread your way through them,
you feel as if the town were one house, the chambers only
separated by narrow passages. Benares, the holy city-
holy even now in the eyes of more than half the human
24
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
395
race
whose glories, religious and civic, have been forgot-
ten in the noise and glitter of our recent civilization.
The priest is a sacred ruler. He is the first in caste;
the world was made for him, and other men depend upon
him. If he is angry and curses, his curses can overturn
thrones, scatter troops, even destroy this world and summon
other worlds into existence. He is above the King in dig-
nity. His life is sacred, and, no matter the enormity of the
crime, he cannot be condemned to death. The Brahmins
are the strongest social and religious force in Hindostan.
Benares is their city. The policy which founded the order
of Jesuits has often been cited as a masterpiece of govern-
ment, of combining the strongest intellectual force toward
missionary enterprise. But the order of Jesuits is a society
under rules and discipline only binding its members. The
Brahmins not only govern themselves as rigidly as the
Jesuits, and hold themselves ready to go as far in the serv-
ice of their faith, but they have imposed their will upon
every other class. Men of the world, men in other callings,
use the name of Jesuit as a term of reproach, and even
Catholic kings have been known to banish them and put
them outside of civil law. There is not a prince in Hindos-
tan who would dare to put a straw in the path of a Brah-
min. Brahminism is one of the oldest institutions in the
world, one of the most extraordinary developments of
human intellect and discipline, and there is no reason to
suppose that its power over India will ever pass away.
Here is the sacred river Ganges. No office is so sacred
to the dead as to burn his body on the banks of the Ganges.
Several slabs were observed near the burning Ghat; these
were in memory of widows who had burned themselves on
that spot in honor of their husbands, according to the old
rite of suttee. Benares sits on the sacred river, an emblem
of the strange religion which has made it a holy city, and
there is solemnity in the thought that for ages she has kept
396
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
her place on the Ganges; that for ages her shrines have been
holy to millions of men; that for ages the wisest and purest
and best of the Indian race have wandered as pilgrims
through her narrow streets and plunged themselves as peni-
tents into the waters to wash away their sins. It is all a
dark superstition, but let us honor Benares for the comfort
she has given to so many millions of sinful, sorrowing
souls. And as the white towers and steps of Benares, glis-
tening in the sunshine, are left behind, the tourists look
back upon it with something of the respect and affection.
that belong to antiquity, and which are certainly not
unworthily bestowed upon so renowned, so sacred and so
venerable a city.
General Grant visited Delhi. Upon his arrival there
was a grand reception by troops, and the General and his
wife drove to Ludlow Castle, the home of the chief officer.
Delhi is a beautiful city, as the houses are built for air, and
not, as in American cities, several stories high. This will
account for the great size of Indian cities—that they are so
many miles long and so many broad.
There are few cities in the world which have had a
more varied and more splendid career than Delhi. It is
the Rome of India, and the history of India centres around
Delhi. It has no such place as Benares in the religion of
the people, but to the Indians it is what Rome in the
ancient days was to the Roman Empire. One of its au-
thentic monuments goes back to the fourth century before
Christ. Its splendor began with the rise of the Mogul
empire, and the splendor of the Moguls is seen in what
they built, and the severity of their creed in what they
destroyed. Outside of the English section, nothing but the
ruins and desolation of many wars and dynasties.
From the Cashmere gate to the Rutab, a ride of eleven
miles, your road is through monumental ruins — tombs,
temples, mausoleums, mosques, in all directions. The hori-
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
397
zon is studded with minarets and domes, all abandoned,
and many in ruins.
The General and party visited the palace of the Grand
Mogul; saw the throne of Aurungzebe-the peacock
throne. This was simply a mass of jewels and gold, val-
ued at thirty millions of dollars. Mr. Beresford, in his
book on Delhi, says it was called the peacock throne from
its having the figures of two peacocks standing behind it,
their tails expanded, and the whole so inlaid with sapphires,
rubies, emeralds, pearls and other precious stones of appro-
priate colors, as to represent life. The throne itself was six
feet long by four feet broad. It stood on six massive feet,
which, with the body, were of solid gold, inlaid with rubies,
emeralds and diamonds. It was supported by a canopy of
gold, upheld by twelve pillars, all richly emblazoned with
costly gems, and a fringe of pearls ornamented the borders
of the canopy.
A visit to the Kutab tower was worthy of remem-
brance. This tower ranks among the wonders of India.
It is two hundred and thirty-eight feet high, sloping from
the base, which is forty-seven feet in diameter, to the sum-
mit, which is nine feet. It is composed of five sections or
stories, and with every story there is a change in the de-
sign. The lower section has twenty-four sides, in the form
of convex flutings, alternately semi-circular and rectangu
'ar. In the second section they are circular, the third angs
lar, the fourth a plain cylinder, and the fifth partly fluted
and partly plain. At each basement is a balcony. On the
lower sections are inscriptions in scroll work, reciting, in
Arabic characters, the glory of God, verses from the Koran,
and the name and achievements of the conqueror who bui.
the tower. It is believed that, when really complete, with
the cupola, it must have been twenty feet higher.
Attended by an officer who took part in the siege, the
General visited the lines held by the English and the Se
2
398
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:
:.
X
4.
poys during the mutiny, when the English Empire in India
depended for months upon the valor and endurance of the
small army which invested Delhi.
1
On February 28, General Grant arrived at Calcutta. The
railroad authorities, not having any intimation of the Gen-
eral's visit, made no arrangements for his reception at the
railway station. Only a few gentlemen were present. A
company of the Madras Fourteenth Regiment, with band
and colors, were drawn up in line on the platform, and at
the bridge was posted the European constabulary of the
Calcutta police, under the superintendence of Mr. Percy.
The gentlemen on the platform were Captain Muir, Aide-
de-Camp to His Excellency the Viceroy; Mr. Lambert, the
Deputy Commissioner of Police; General Litchfield, the
American Consul; Mr. R. Macallister, Mr. Frederick
Coke, Mr. Manockjee Rustomjee and son, and some mas-
ters of American ships in the river. When the train ar-
rived, some difficulty was experienced in finding the car
riage the Generai was in, as it was far down the platform;
where the company of soldiers was drawn up. The Gen-
eral, Mrs. Grant and Colonel Grant, and two gentlemen
belonging to his staff, then stepped out of a first-class car-
riage and were received by the gentlemen, one of whom
handed to the General a letter from Nawab Abdul Gunny
Meah, of Dacca, inviting the General over to his place
The party then drove to Government House, in two car
riages of the Viceroy, which were in waiting outside the
platform. As the party neared Government House, there
was a salute of twenty-one guns. In the evening the Vice-
roy entertained the General and his party at a dinner-party
at Government House. About fifty ladies and gentlemen
were honored with invitations to meet them. After the
toast of the Queen-Empress was drank, Lord Lytton rose,
and spoke as follows:
“Ladies and Gentlemen-I sincerely believe that
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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
101
“
there is no toast unconnected with our own country and its
institutions which is honored with greater cordiality by
Englishmen of all classes, and in all parts of the world,
than the toast I am now about to propose to you — because,
ladies and gentlemen, we English cannot look, and never
do look, upon America as a foreign country, or upon the
American people as a foreign people. They are flesh of
our flesh and bone of our bone. It is true, no doubt, that
our fathers and their fathers have had their family quarrels,
*over which they have shaken hands — for quarrels will oc-
casionally occur in the best regulated families; but these
are quarrels which I trust that neither their children nor
our children will ever have occasion to renew, for they have
been practically settled by a separation of political partner-
ship, prolific in substantial benefits to the best interests of
mankind. Meanwhile, we Englishmen of the present day
all regard our American kinsfolk as, if I may say so, the
rising generation, and the most go-ahead representative of
that good old sturdy family stock which, while lovingly,
loyally and, I hope, lastingly honoring and keeping hon
ored its ancestral roof-tree, still sends forth from its little
island home in the northern seas the hardy offspring of a
race that has planted and is spreading in every quarter of
the habitable globe the language in which Shakspeare
wrote, the liberty for which Washington so nobly labored,
the social principles of the Code of Blackstone, and the
ethical principles of the creed of Christianity.
"Ladies and Gentlemen, the toast I am going to
propose to you is that of the President of the United States
of America. This is a toast to which I am sure you would,
in any circumstances, respond with cordiality. But I am
confident that in the circumstances which have brought u
together this evening your cordiality will be quickened by
the presence of an eminent guest who has twice filled with
renown the high office we are about to honor in the per-
402
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
son of its present incumbent. That office, ladies and gen-
tlemen, is, I think, the highest that can possibly be held
the highest that ever has been filled by the citizen of a free
country, and never has that high office been more worthily
won or more worthily filled than by the distinguished sol-
dier to whose sword America is indebted for the re-estab-
lished Union and permanent peace of those great sovereign
States, over whose united destinies he has twice success-
fully presided. It was said by the great poet of our own
commonwealth that 'peace hath her victories no less re-
nowned than war,' and with the victories of peace, as well
as those of war, I am persuaded that the name of General
Grant will long be honorably associated by a double re-
nown.
"Ladies and Gentlemen, it is neither customary nor
proper to couple the name of any private individual,
however eminent he may be, with toasts proposed in honor
of the ruling power of a sovereign state. I am not going
to infringe that rule; and, as regards the rules of hospi.
tality, I think you must all feel that of hospitality and of
sympathy the best expression is in deeds, not words. I
think, therefore, that it would be on my part an inhospita-
ble deed if to this toast I added any words which would
possibly require from our honored guest the conventional
formality of a reply. But, ladies and gentlemen, this at
least let me say before I sit down: General Ulysses Grant
like his classic namesake, has seen men and cities in almost
every part of the world, enlarging the genius of the states-
man and the soldier by the experience of the traveler. Let
us hope that when he returns to that great empire of the
West, which he has once rescued and twice ruled, he will
at least take with him a kindly recollection of his brief so-
journ in this empire of the East, where his visit will long
be remembered with gratification by many sincere friends
and well wishers. Ladies and gentlemen, I have now to

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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
405
request that you will fill your glasses and drink with all
honor to our last toast this evening. The President of
the United States of America." "
General Grant replied, briefly returning thanks for the
honor tendered him.
After a continuous round of enjoyment and thorough
inspection of all points of interest, the General left Calcutta
by steamer for a visit to British Burmah. Arriving at the
city of Rangoon, General Grant and party were saluted by
two British men-of-war. They had their yards manned in
honor of the General. All the vessels in the river were
gaily dressed. The landing was covered with scarlet cloth,
and the American and British standards were blended.
All the town seemed to be out, and the river bank was
lined with the muititude, who looked on in their passive
Oriental fashion at the pageant. As soon as the boat came
to the wharf, Mr. Aitcheson, the Commissioner, came on
board, accompanied by Mr. Leishmann, the American Vice-
Consul, and bade the General welcome to Burmah.
On landing, the General was presented to the leading
citizens and officials, and officers of the men-of-war. The
guard of honor presented arms, and they all drove away to
the Government House, a pretty, commodious bungalow in
the suburbs, buried among trees. Mr. Aticheson is one of
the most distinguished officers in the Indian service. He
was for some time Foreign Secretary to Calcutta. Burmah,
however, is already one of the most important of the Brit-
ish colonies in Asia, and this importance is not diminished
by the critical relations between British Burmah and the
court of the King. Consequently, England requires the
best service possible in Burmah, and, as a result of her
policy of sending her wisest men to the most useful places,
Mr. Aitcheson finds himself in Rangoon.
The days spent in Rangoon were pleasant; the town is
interesting. The streets are wide and rectangular, like
W
406
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
*
those of Philadelphia, and the shade trees are grateful.
Over the city, on a height, which you can see from afar, is
a pagoda, one of the most famous in Asia. It is covered
with gilt, and in the evening, when we first raw it, the sun's
rays made it dazzling. This is the land of Buddha and
that remarkable religion called Buddhism.
Unlike Brahminism, there is no institution of caste, no
priestly caste. The priests are taken from any rank in life,
never marry, and they deny themselves all the pleasures of
the sense, live a monastic life, dress in yellow gowns, shave
their heads and beards, and walk barefooted. The priests
go in procession. They chant hymns and prayers, and burn
incense. They carry strings of beads like the rosary, which
they count and fumble as the say their prayers. There is
no single, solemn ceremony like the sacrifice of the mass.
Priests and people kneel before the images surrounded by
blazing wax lights, the air heavy with incense. They pray
together, the priests only known by the yellow gowns.
They pray kneeling with clasped, uplifted hands. Some-
times they hold in their hands a rose, or a morsel of rice, or
a fragment of bread, as an offering. During their prayers,
they frequently bend their bodies so that the face touches.
the ground. There are convents for women. The tem-
ples are places of rest and refuge. Hither come the unfor-
tunate, the poor, the needy, the halt and blind, the belated
traveler. All are received, and all are given food and
alms.
Rangoon is not only interesting from a religious sense,
but it one of the largest commercial centers of the British
colonies, and General Grant found no part of his visit more
interesting, or more worthy of his attention, than the devel-
opment of the commerce of Rangoon with the United
States. American merchandise now goes to Burmah in
English ships, and has to pay an English tax before it
can enter this market. With a little effort on the part of
"

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
407
the merchants of the United States, a large market would
be found for "Yankee notions,” petroleum and ice; for, if
proper houses were built for storing ice, it could be made a
steady and profitable trade. Ice is now made by machinery,
but it is poor, costly and unsatisfactory, and the machinery
constantly out of order.
A trade based on those articles, established in Rangoon,
would supply Burmah, permeate Upper Burmah, Siam and
China, and make its way into the islands and settlements.
No country in the East is more worthy of the attention.
of our merchants than Burmah; the harvest is ripe, and
whoever comes in will reap a hundred fold.
G

ů
CHAPTER XXXIII.
GENERAL GRANT IN SIAM.
General Grant, on landing at Singapore, was handed
an autograph letter by Major Struder-a letter enclosed
in an envelope of blue satin, from the King of Siam; the
letter read as follows:
THE GRAND PALACE, BANGKOK,
4th February, 1879.
My Dear Sir: Having heard from my Minister
for Foreign Affairs, on the authority of the United States.
Consul, that you are expected in Singapore on your way
to Bangkok, I beg to express the pleasure I shall have
in making your acquaintance. Possibly you may arrive
in Bangkok during my absence at my country residence,
Bang Pa In; in which case a steamer will be placed at
your disposal to bring you to me. On arrival I beg
you to communicate with His Excellency, my Minister
for Foreign Affairs, who will arrange for your reception
and entertainment.
Yours very truly,
CHULAHLONGKORN, R. S.
To General Grant, late President of the United States.
The letter that the King had taken the trouble to send
all the way to Singapore, and the desire of General Grant
to see all that was to be seen, decided him in accepting
this flattering invitation, and visit Siam. So the General
and party prepared at once for Siam.
swept over Singapore as they embarked
steamer Kang See, on the morning of the
408
A heavy rain
on the small
9th of April.
}
.
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
409
The run to Bangkok is set down at four days, and
sometimes there are severe storms in the Gulf of Siam;
but fortune was with them in this, as it had, indeed,
been with them, so far as weather at sea is concerned, ever
since they left Marseilles. The evening of their sailing.
some one happened to remember was the anniversary of
the surrender of Lee-fourteen years ago to-day-and
the hero of the surrender was sitting on the deck of a
small steamer smoking and looking at the clouds, and
gravely arguing Mr. Borie out of a purpose which some
one has wickedly charged him with entertaining the
purpose of visiting Australia and New Zealand and New
Guinea, and spending the summer and winter in the Pacific
Ocean.
M
On the morning of the 14th of April, the little steamer-
in putting into Bangkok lost her reckoning and could not
pass the inner bar.
About ten o'clock the royal yacht
anchored within a cable's length a long, stately. craft,.
with the American colors flying at the fore, and the royal
colors at the main. A boat put off at once, conveying
Mr. Sickles, our Consul, the son of the Foreign Minister,
representing the Siamese government, and an aid of the
King. Mr. Sickles presented the Siamese officials to the
General, and the King's aid handed him the following
letter, enclosed in an envelope of yellow satin:-
-
—
The Grand PALACE, BANGKOK,
April 11, 1879.
Sir: I have very great pleasure in welcoming you to
Siam. It is, I am informed, your pleasure that your recep-
tion should be a private one; but you must permit me to
show, as far as I can, the high esteem in which I hold the
most eminent citizen of that great nation which has been
so friendly to Siam, and so kind and just in all its inter-
course with the nations of the far East.
That you may be near me during your stay, I have
commanded my brother, His Royal Highness the Celestial
Prince Bhanurangsi Swangwongse, to prepare rooms for
:

410
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:
you and your party in the Saranrom Palace, close to my
palace, and I most cordially invite you, Mrs. Grant and
your party at once to take up your residence there, and my
brother will represent me as your host.
Your friend,
CHULAHLONGKORN, R. S.
His Excellency General Grant, late President of the United States.
At four o'clock the General embarked on a royal gon-
dola, and was slowly pulled to the shore. The guard pre-
sented arms, the cavalry escort wheeled into line, the band
played "Hail Columbia." On ascending the stairs, Mr.
Alabaster, the royal interpreter, Captain Bush, an English
officer commanding the Siamese navy, and a brilliant
retinue, were in waiting. The Foreign Minister advanced
and welcomed the General to Siam, and presented him to
the other members of the suite. Then entering carriages,
the General and party were driven to the palace of Hwang
Saranrom, the home of His Royal Highness the Celestial
Prince Bhanurangsi Swangwongse. As they drove past
the barracks the artillery were drawn up in battery, and the
cannon rolled out a salute of twenty-one guns. On reaching
the palace a guard was drawn up, and another band played
the American national air. At the gate of the palace, Phra
Sri Dhammason, of the foreign office, met the General and
escorted him to the door of the palace. Here he was met
by his Excellency Phya Bashakarawangse, the King's pri-
vate secretary, and a nobleman of rank corresponding to
that of an English earl. At the head of the marble steps
was His Royal Highness the Celestial Prince, wearing the
decorations of the Siamese orders of nobility, surrounded
by other princes of a lesser rank and the members of his
household. Advancing, he shook hands with the General,
and, offering his arm to Mrs. Grant, led the party to the
grand audience chamber. Here all the party were presented
to the Prince, and there was a short conversation. The
Celestial Prince is a young man about twenty, with a clear,

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
411
expressive face, who speaks English fairly well, but, during
the interview, spoke Siamese, through Mr. Alabaster, who
acted as interpreter. The Prince lamented the weather,
which was untimely and severe. However, it would be a
blessing to the country and the people, and His Royal
Highness added a compliment that was Oriental in its
delicacy when he said that the blessing of the rain was a
blessing which General Grant had brought with him to
Siam. The Prince then said that his palace was the Gen-
eral's home, and that he had been commanded by the King,
his brother, to say that anything in the Kingdom that would
contribute to the happiness, comfort or honor of General
Grant, was at his disposal. The Prince entered into con-
versation with Mrs. Grant and the members of the Gen-
eral's party.
The General expressed himself delighted
with the cordiality of his welcome, and said he had been
anxious to see Siam, and would have regretted his inability
to do so. The Prince offered his arm to Mrs. Grant, and
escorted her and the General to their apartments, while the
members of his suite assigned the remainder of the party
to the quarters they were to occupy while they lived in the
capital of Siam.
The evening was passed quietly, the General and party.
dining quietly with the Celestial Prince. The programme
arranged by the King for the entertainment of his guests
was submitted to General Grant, who regretted his inability
to follow the whole of it. Not being on his own ship (the
Richmond), which would have awaited his convenience,
the General was compelled to return to Singapore on the
ordinary mail steamer, which, leaving on Friday, only left
him five days for Bangkok. So one or two dinners were
eliminated, the visits to the temples and elephants massed
into one day, and the run up the river to Ayuthia, the old
apital of Siam, added.
On the morning after the General's arrival, a visit was
ܕܚܕ.


412
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
made to the ex-Regent. This aged statesman is one of the
leading men in Siam, the first nobleman in the realm in
influence and authority. He was the intimate friend and
counsellor of the late King. He governed the Kingdom
during the minority of the present sovereign. It was
through his influence that the accession of His Majesty
was secured without question or mutiny. He is now the
chief of the Council of State, and governs several prov-
inces of Siam with the power of life and death. His
voice in council is potent, partly because of his rank and
experience, and partly because of his old age, which is
always respected in Siam. Their journey to the Regent's
was in boats in Venetian fashion, and, after a half-hour's
pulling down one canal and up another, and across the river
to a third canal, and up that to a fourth, they came to a
large and roomy palace shaded with trees. Orders had been
given by the King that the canals and river should be kept
free from trading craft and other vessels at the hours set
down in the programme for the official visits. As a con-
sequence, whenever they took to their boats they pulled
along at a rapid pace with no chance of collision.
As the boat pulled up to the foot of the palace, the ex-
Regent, his breast bearing many orders, was waiting to
receive the General. He was accompanied by Mr. Chand-
ler, an American gentleman who has spent many years in
Siam, and knows the language perfectly. The ex-Regent
is a small, spare man, with a clean-cut, well shaped head,
and a face reminding you, in its outlines and the general set
of the countenance, of the late M. Thiers. It lacked the
vivacity which was the characteristic of M. Thiers, and
was a grave and serious face. He advanced, shook hands
with the General, and, taking his hand, led him up
stairs to the audience room of the palace. A guard of
honor presented arms, the band played. The Regent led
us into his audience hall, and, placing General Grant on his
$
TOUR AROUND THE WOrld.
*413
right, we all ranged ourselves about him on chairs. An
audience with an Eastern Prince is a serious and a solemn
matter. The Siamese is a grave person. He shows you
honor by speaking slowly, saying little, and making pauses
between his speeches. After you take your seat, servants
begin to float around. They bring you tea in small china
cups - tea of a delicate and pure flavor, and unlike our own
attempts in that direction. They bring you cigars, and in
the tobacco way we noted a cigarette with a leaf made out
of the banana plant, which felt like velvet between the lips,
and is an improvement in the tobacco way which even the
ripe culture of America on the tobacco question could with
advantage accept. In Siam you can smoke in every place,
and before every presence, except in the presence of the
King.
The Regent, after some meditation, spoke of the great
pleasure it had given him to meet with General Grant in
Siam. He had long known and valued the friendship of the
United States, and he was sensible of the good that had
been done to Siam by the counsel and the enterprise of
the Americans who had lived there.
The General thanked the Regent, and was glad to
know that his country was so much esteemed in the East.
There was a pause and a cup of the enticing tea and some
remarks on the weather. The General expressed a desire
to know whether the unusual rain would affect the crops
throughout the country. The Regent said there was no
such apprehension, and there was another pause, while the
velvet-coated cigarettes and cigars passed into general c cu-
lation. The General spoke of the value to Siam and to
all countries in the East of the widest commercial inter-
course with nations of the outer world, and that, from all
he could learn from the Siamese and the character of their
resources, any extension of relations with other nations
would be a gain to them. His Highness listened to this

414
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
speech, as Mr. Chandler translated it in a slow and delib-
erate way, standing in front of the Regent, and intoning it
almost as though it were a lesson from the morning service.
Then there was another pause; then the Regent responded:
Siam, he said, was a peculiar country. It was away
from sympathy and communion with the greater nations.
It was not in one of the great highways of commerce. Its
people were not warlike nor aggressive. It had no desire
to share in the strifes and wars of other nations. It existed
by the friendship of the great powers. His policy had
always been to cultivate that friendship, to do nothing to
offend any foreign power, to avoid controversy or pretexts
for intervention by making every concession.
All this was spoken slowly, deliberately, as if every
sentence was weighed, the old Minister speaking slowly,
like one in meditation. His deliberate speech seemed to
have unusual significance, and made a deep impression
upon his visitors- the impression that he who spoke was
one in authority and a statesman. After further talk, the
Regent addressed himself to Mr. Borie, and asked him his
age. Mr. Borie answered that he was sixty-nine. "I am
seventy-two," said the Regent: "but you look much
older." It is a custom in Siamese, when you wish pay a
compliment to an elderly person, to tell him how old he
looks, to compliment him on his gray hairs and the lines in
his brow. In speaking with Mr. Borie, the Regent became
almost playful. "You must not have the trouble of a navy
in another war." Mr. Borie expressed his horror of war,
and added that America had had enough of it. "At our
time of life," said the Regent, putting his hand on Mr.
Borie's shoulder in a half playful, half affectionate manner,
"we need repose, and that our lives should be made smooth
and free from care, and we should not be burdened with
authority or grave responsibilities. That belongs to the
others. I hope you will be spared any cares."
This

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
415
practically closed the interview, and the Regent, taking the
hand of the General in his own, in Oriental fashion, led
him down-stairs and across the entrance-way to the boat,
the troops saluting and the band playing. Then he took a
cordial farewell of Mr. Borie, telling him he was a brave
man to venture around the world with the burden of so
many years upon him.
The King of Siam issued the following order for the
reception and entertainment of General Grant, which was
faithfully carried out:
"PROGRAMME for the reception and entertainment of General U. S.
Grant, ex-President of the United States of America, subject to
such modifications as he may deem expedient:
"FIRST DAY.- On the arrival of the mail steamer Kong
See, conveying General Grant and party, at Paknam, a
deputation, consisting of Phra Bairaybakya Bhakdi, Phra
Sri Sombat and Luang Salayut Witikan, Captain of the
Royal Body Guard, will proceed on board the steam yacht
Rising Sun to the steamer Kong See. On going on board,
they will welcome General Grant in the name of His
Majesty, and, on presenting His Majesty's best wishes to
General Grant and party, will invite them on board the
Rising Sun and convey them up to Bangkok. On their
arrival at Bangkok the steam yacht will anchor off the In-
ternational Court House. Officers of the Foreign Depart-
ment will then proceed to the steam yacht in house boats,
with paddles, one of eight and one of seven fathoms in
length, to invite and convey General Grant, Mrs. Grant
and party to the landing at the International Court House.
There will be a company, consisting of one hundred sol-
diers, with a military band, at the landing, as a guard of
honor. Phya Pihasbarawongree, Private Secretary to His
Majesty, Phra Bpaksa Nanaprates Kich, Judge of the In-
ternational Court, with officers of the Royal Horse Guard
and officers of the Foreign Department, will be in waiting

415
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
..
:
at the landing to invite General Grant, Mrs. Grant and
party to take carriages and proceed to the Grand Saronrom
Palace. A guard of honor will be drawn up in front of
the palace, consisting of twenty soldiers and a military band
for the occasion. Phra Sudham Maitre and Phra Sri
Dhamasan will be in waiting at the door of the palace to
receive General Grant and party. His Royal Highness
Somdech Chowfa Bhanurangse Sawangwongo, and His
Excellency Chow Phya Bhann Wongse Maha Cosa Dhi-
poti, Minister for Foreign Affairs, will be in waiting in the
upper porch to welcome them to the palace. General
Grant and party having gone into the palace, a salute of
twenty-one guns will be fired. In case the arrival occurs
in the night, the salute will be deferred until the morning.
"SECOND DAY.— At ten o'clock A. M. the officers will
invite General Grant to visit His Highness Somdech Chow
Phya Boom Maha Suramngse, the ex-Regent, and mem-
bers of the Senabodi, and will be conveyed in carriages to
the landing of the International Court, then in boats. They
will return by the same route. At four o'clock P. M. the
officers will invite General Grant, Mrs. Grant and party
to an audience with His Majesty the King of Siam, in the
royal palace. The audience will be held in the grand
audience hall, Boromraj Satet Maholan. After the royal
audience they will be conveyed in carriages to an audience
with His Majesty Krow Phrarajawany Pawara Sthan
Mongal, second King. At nine o'clock P. M. His Royal
Highness Somdech Chowfa Bhanurangse Sawangwongo
will hold a reception in honor of General Grant at the Pal-
ace Saronrom.
"THIRD DAY.-On the morning of this day His Maj-
esty the King of Siam will return the visit of General
Grant at the Palace Saronrom. At four P. M. the officers
will invite General Grant and party to pay a visit to His
Royal Highness Somdech Phra Chow Boronwongee Ter
TOUR AROUND THE WOrld.
417
Chowfa Maha Mala Krom Phra Bamrap Parapax, and
will be conveyed in carriages. At eleven o'clock P. M.
General Grant, Mrs. Grant and party will be entertained
at a royal banquet in the royal palace, Boromraj Satet
Maholan, and will be conveyed in carriages.
"FOURTH DAY. - At four o'clock P. M. the officers
will invite General Grant and party to pay a visit to His
Royal Highness Somdech Chowfa Chaturomasami Krom-
duang Chakrapatdipong. After which they will take a
look at the Monastery Arunrayweram-Wat-Chung. At
seven o'clock General Grant and party will be entertained
at dinner at the official residence of His Excellency the
Minister for Foreign Affairs, and will be conveyed in car-
riages and in boats.
"FIFTH DAY. — At three c'clock P. M. the officers will
invite General Grant and party to the Monastery Phra
Budhoatnesatan and the Monastery Phrasee Ratnesasa-
dahram, also the museum at the royal palace. They will
then be invited to a private audience with His Majesty the
King, in the royal palace. At seven o'clock P. M. Gen-
eral Grant and party will be entertained at a dinner party
at the official residence of His Highness Somdech Chow
Phya Borom Maha Sri Suramngse, the ex-Regent.
"SIXTH DAY. — At three o'clock P. M. officers will in-
vite General Grant and party to visit the temple Satatteph
Taram and the temple Phra Chattupun Vevnon Niank-
ahram, and from thence will go into the Royal Palace to
see the royal white elephants. After that he will proceed
to the palace of His Royal Highness Somdech Chowfa
Maha Mala Krom Phra Bamap Parapax to see the state
elephants and the elephants of war. At eight o'clock P. M.
His Royal Highness Somdech Chowfa Chaturong Rasami
Krom Luang Chakrapatdipon will entertain General Grant
and party with a ball at the old royal palace.
"SEVENTH DAY.- At nine o'clock A. M. the officers
418
GENERAL U. s. GRANT'S
*
will invite General Grant and party to embark on board
the royal yacht Vesatri, to take an excursion, to view the
scenery on the River Chow Phya. General Grant and
party will be conveyed in carriages to the landing, and
thence embark on board the Vesatri, and will return in the
same manner. At four o'clock in the afternoon the officers
will invite General Grant, Mrs. Grant and party to a royal
audience with His Majesty at the royal palace."
In Siam there is a second King, or as occupying a posi
tion similar to that of the Vice-President of the United
States.
In Siam the second King is a person and an authority,
entitled to royal honors, living in a palace, with troops, a
court, a harem and a Foreign Minister. He has an income
from the State of $300,000 a year. Of authority he has
none beyond the management of his household and the
command of troops in certain of the provinces.
The second King, therefore, is a political influence in
Siam great, because behind him is the supposed power
ol' England. Take that power away, and His Majesty
would be ranked among the nobles, allowed the position
of a duke, given his place after the royal family, and the
present office would be eliminated altogether from the
government of Siam. It certainly seems to be an expen
sive and an almost useless function, one that might readily
be absorbed into the royal office with a gain to the treasury
and no loss to the State. The prince who holds the posi-
tion is in his fortieth year and is a gentleman of intelligence.
His Majesty the first King of Siam, and absolute sover-
eign, is named Chulahlongkorn. This, at least, is the name
which he attaches to the royal signet. His name as given
in the books is Phrabat Somdetch Phra Paramendo Mahah
Chulah-long-korn Klow.
On the afternoon of April 14, at three o'clock, General
Grant and party had their audience with the King of Siam.
A
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
419
Our Palace of Saronrom, in which we are living, is next
to the Grand Palace; but so vast are these royal homes
that it was quite a drive to the house of our next-door
neighbor. The General and party went in state carriages,
nd at the door of the palace were met by an officer. Troops
vere drawn up all the way from the gate to the door of
the audience hall, and it was quite a walk before, having
passed temples, shrines, outhouses, pavilions and statelier
mansions, we came to the door of a modest building and
were met by aids of the King. A wide pair of marble
steps led to the audience room, and on each side of the steps
were pots with blooming flowers and rare shrubs. The
band in the courtyard played the national air, and as the
General came to the head of the stairs the King, who was
waiting, and wore a magnificent jeweled decoration, ad-
vanced and shook the hands of the General in the warmest
manner. Then, shaking hands with Mrs. Grant, he offered
her his arm, and walked into the audience hall. The au-
dience hall is composed of two iarge, gorgeously decorated
saloons, that would not be out of place in any palace. The
decorations were French, and reminded you of the Louvre.
In the first hall were a series of busts of contemporary sov-
ereigns and rulers of states. The place of honor was
given to the bust of General Grant, a work of art in dark
bronze which did not look much like the General, and
seems to have been made by a French or English artist
from photographs. From here the King passed on to a
smaller room, beautifully furnished in yellow satin. Here
the King took a seat on a sofa, with Mrs. Grant and the
General on either side, the members of the party on chairs
near him, officers of the court in the background standing,
and servants at the doors, kneeling in attitudes of sub-
mission. The King is a spare young man, active and
nervous in his movements, with a full, clear, almost glitter-
ing black eye, which moved about restlessly from one to
420
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
the other, and while he talked his fingers seemed to be
keeping unconscious time to the musical measures. When
any of his court approached him, or were addressed by
him, they responded by a gesture or salute of adoration.
Everything about the King betokened a high and quick intel-
ligence, and, although the audience was a formal one, and the
conversation did not go beyond words of courtesy and wel-
come from the King to the General and his party, he gave
you the impression of a resolute and able man, full of re-
sources and quite equal to the cares of his station. This
impression was confirmed by all that we heard or saw in
Siam. The audience at an end, the King led Mrs. Grant
and the General to the head of the stairs, and we took our
leave.
At three o'clock, on the 15th of April, the King
returned the General's visit, by coming in state to see him
at our palace of Saronrom. This, we were told, was a
most unusual honor, and was intended as the highest com-
pliment it was in His Majesty's power to betow. A state
call from a King is an event in Bangkok, and long before
the hour the space in front of the palace was filled with
curious Siamese and Chinese, heedless of the rain, waiting
to gaze upon the celestial countenance. As the hour came,
there was the bustle of preparation. First came a guard,
which formed in front of the palace; then a smaller guard,
which formed in the palace yard, from the gate to the
porch; then a band of music, which stood at the rear of
the inner guard; then came attendants, carrying staves in
their hands to clear the streets, and give warning that the
King was coming, that the streets should be abandoned by
all, so that His Majesty should have unquestioned way.
Then came a squadron of the royal body guard in scarlet
uniform, under the command of a royal Prince. The King
sat in a carriage alone on the back seat, with two princes
with him, who sat on the front seats. His Royal High-
,
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
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..
ness and the members of the household arrayed themselves
in state garments, the Prince wearing a coat of purple
silk. The General and his party wore evening dress, as
worn at home on occasions of ceremony. When the trum-
pets announced the coming of the King, the General,
accompanied by the Prince, the members of his household
and party, came to the foot of the stairs. Colonel Grant,
wearing the uniform of a lieutenant-colonel, waited at the
gate to receive the King in his father's name.
The General waited at the foot of the marble steps,
and, as the King advanced, shook hands with him cordially
and led him to the reception room. The King was dressed
in simple Siamese costume, wearing the decoration of Siam,
but not in uniform. Mr. Alabaster, the interpreter, stood
behind the King and the General. The King, who spoke
Siamese, said he hoped that the General had found every-
thing comfortable for himself and party at the Saranrom
Palace.
The General said that nothing could be more agreeable
than the hospitality of the Prince.
The King said he hoped that the General, if he wanted
anything, to see any part of Siam, go anywhere or do any
thing, would express the wish, as he would feel it a great
privilege to give him anything in this kingdom.
General Grant said he appreciated the King's kind-
ness, and thanked him.
The King, after a pause, said that General Grant's visit
was especially agreeable to him, because, not only in his
own reign, but before, Siam had been under obligations to
the United States. Siam saw in the United States not only
a great but a friendly power, which did not look upon the
East with any idea of aggrandizement, and to whom it was
always pleasant to turn for counsel and advice. More than
that, the influence of most of the Americans who had come

422
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
to Siam had been good, and those who had been in the
government's service had been of value to the State. The
efforts of the missionaries to spread a knowledge of the
arts and sciences, of machinery and of medicine, among the
Siamese, had been commendable. The King was glad to
have the opportunity of saying this to one who had been
the chief magistrate of the American people.
General Grant responded that the policy of the United
States was a policy of non-intervention in everything that
concerned the internal affairs of other nations. It had
become almost a traditional policy, and experience con-
firmed its wisdom. The country needed all the energies of
its own people for its development, and its only interest in
the East was to do what it could to benefit the people,
especially in opening markets for American manufactures.
The General, in his travels through India and Burmah, had
been much gratified with the commendations bestowed
upon American products; and although the market was as
yet a small one, he felt certain that our trade with the East
would become a great one. There was the field at least,
and our people had the opportunity. Nothing would please
him more than to see Siam sharing in this trade. Beyond
this there was no desire on the part of the American gov-
ernment to seek an influence in the East.
The King said nothing would please him more than the
widest possible development of the commerce between
Siam and America. The resources of Siam were great,
but their development limited. Siam was like the United
States in one respect, that it had a large territory and a
small population, and the development of many sources of
wealth that were known to exist had been retarded from
this cause.
General Grant thought this difficulty might be met by
the introduction of skilled labor, such, for instance, as
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
423
mining experts from Nevada and California, who could
prospect and locate mines, and labor-saving machinery, in
which the Americans especially excelled.
The King assented to this, with the remark that the
Siamese were a conservative people and studied any.
thing new very carefully before adopting it. Their policy
in foreign relations had been a simple one-peace with
foreign powers and steady development of the country.
Siam was a small country with limited resources, and she
knew that she could not contend with the great foreign
powers. Consequently she always depended upon the jus-
tice and good will of foreign powers. This sometimes led
to their appearing to consent or to submit to some things
which under other circumstances and by other and greater
nations would not be endured. In the end, however, it
worked right, and Siam, looking back over her relations
with the great powers, found, on the whole, no reason for
regret. In the main these relations had been for the good
of the Siamese people. From the foreign powers Siam
had always received encouragement.
The King led the way to the upper audience chamber,
the saloon of the statues. Here ensued a long conversa-
tion between the King and the General and the various
members of the party. Mrs. Grant, in the inner room,
had a conversation with the Queen, who had not been at the
table. In conversing with the General, the King became
warm and almost affectionate. He was proud of having
made the acquaintance of the General, and he wanted to
know more of the American people. He wished Ameri-
cans to know that he was a friend of the country. As to
the General himself, the King hoped when the General
returned to the United States that he would write the
King and allow the King to write to him, and always be
his friend and correspondent. The General said he would
always remember his visit to Siam; that it would afford
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
him pleasure to know that he was the friend of the King;
that he would write to the King and always be glad to
hear from him; and if he could ever be of service to the
King it would be a pleasure. With Mr. Borie the King
also had a long conversation, and his manner toward the
venerable ex-Secretary was especially kind and genial. It
was midnight before the party came to an end.
On the next morning there was a state dinner at the
royal palace. The party consisted of the King, His Royal
Highness the Celestial Prince, several princes, members of
the royal family of lower rank, General Grant and party,
the American Consul, Mr. Sickles, and Miss Struder,
daughter of the Consul at Singapore; Mr. Torrey, the
American Vice-Consul, and Mrs. Torrey; the Foreign
Minister, his son, the King's private secretary, Mr. Ala-
baster, the members of the Foreign Office, and the aids of
the King who had been attending the General. The
Siamese all wore state dresses - coats of gold cloth, richly
embroidered — and the King wore the family decoration, a
star of nine points, the centre a diamond, and the other
points with a rich jewel of different character, embracing
the precious stones found in Siam. The General was re-
ceived in the audience hall, and the dinner was served in
the lower hall or dining-room. There were forty guests
present, and the service of the table was silver, the prevail-
ing design being the three-headed elephant, which belongs.
to the arms of Siam. This service alone cost ten thousand
pounds in England. There were two bands in attendance,
one playing Siamese, and the other European music, alter-
nately. The Celestial Prince escorted Mrs. Grant to dinner,
and sat opposite the King at the centre of the table. General
Grant sat next the King. The dinner was long, elaborate,
and in the European style, with the exception of some
dishes of curry dressed in Siamese fashion, which we were
not brave enough to do more than taste. The night was
-----
i
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
425
The
2
warm, but the room was kept moderately cool by a system
of penekahs or large fans swinging from the ceiling, which.
kept the air in circulation.
After they had been at the table about three hours there
was a pause and a signal. The fans stopped, the music
paused, and Mr. Alabaster, as interpreter, took his place.
behind the King. His Majesty then arose, and the com-
pany with him, and, in a clear accent heard all over the
saloon, made the following speech in Siamese:
"YOUR ROYAL HIGHNESS, LADIES AND GENTLE-
MEN, Now ASSEMBLED: I beg you to hear the expres
sion of the pleasure which I have felt in receiving as my
guest a President of the United States of America. Siam
has for many years past derived great advantages from
America, whose citizens have introduced into my kingdom
many arts and sciences, much medical knowledge and many
valuable books, to the great advantage of the country.
Even before our countries were joined in treaty alliance,
citizens of America came here and benefited us. Since
then our relations have greatly improved, and to the great
advantage of Siam, and recently the improvement has been
still more marked. Therefore it is natural that we should
be exceedingly gratified by the visit paid to us by a President
of the United States. General Grant has a grand fame,
that has reached even to Siam, that has been known here
for several years. We are well aware that as a true soldier
he first saw glory as a leader in war, and, thereafter accept-
ing the office of President, earned the admiration of all
men as being a statesman of the highest rank. It is a great
gratification to all of us to meet one thus eminent both in
the government of war and of peace. We see him and
are charmed by his gracious manner, and feel sure that his
visit will inaugurate friendly relations with the United
States of a still closer nature than before, and of the most
enduring character. Therefore I ask you all to join with
426
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
wat
me in drinking the health of General Grant and wishing
him every blessing."
When the King finished, Mr. Alabaster translated the
speech into English, the company all the time remaining
on their feet. Then the toast was drank with cheers, the
band playing the American national air.
General Grant then arose, and, in a low but clear and
perfectly distinct voice, said:
दि
I
"YOUR MAJESTY, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:
.am very much obliged to Your Majesty for the kind and
complimentary manner in which you have welcomed me
to Siam. I am glad that it has been my good fortune to
visit this country and to thank Your Majesty in person for
your letters inviting me to Siam, and to see with my own
eyes your country and your people. I feel that it would
have been a misfortune if the programme of my journey
had not included Siam. I have now been absent from
home nearly two years, and during that time I have seen
every capital and nearly every large city in Europe, as
well as the principal cities in India, Burmah and the Malay
Peninsula. I have seen nothing that has interested me
more than Siam, and every hour of my visit here has been
agreeable and instructive. For the welcome I have re-
ceived from Your Majesty, the princes and members of the
Siamese government, and the people generally, I am very
grateful. I accept it, not as personal to myself alone, but
as a mark of the friendship felt for my country by Your
Majesty and the people of Siam. I am glad to see that
feeling, because I believe that the best interests of the two
countries can be benefited by nothing so much as the estab-
lishment of the most cordial relations between them. On
my return to America I shall do what I can to cement those
relations. I hope that in America we shall see more of the
Siamese, that we shall have embassies and diplomatic rela-
tions, that our commerce and manufactures will increase

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
427
with Siam, and that your young men will visit our country
and attend our colleges as they now go to colleges in Ger-
many and England. I can assure them all a kind reception,
and I feel that the visits would be interesting and advan-
tageous. I again thank Your Majesty for the splendid.
hospitality which has been shown to myself and my party,
and I trust that your reign will be happy and prosperous,
and that Siam will continue to advance in the arts of civili-
zation."
General Grant, after a pause, then said:
"I hope you will allow me to ask you to drink the
health of His Majesty the King of Siam. I am honored
by the opportunity of proposing that toast in his own capi-
tal and his own palace, and of saying how much I have
been impressed with his enlightened rule. I now ask you
to drink the health of His Majesty the King, and prosperity
and peace to the people of Siam.”
After a round of receptions, entertainments and excur-
sions, the General bade adieu to Siam, having passed ▾
delightful week.
?

14
**
:
CHAPTER XXXIV.
GENERAL GRANT IN CHINA.
On April 25, General Grant arrived at Saigon in the
French mail steamship Irawaddy. He and his party
were invited by Rear-Admiral La Fond, Governor of
French Cochin China, to sojourn at the Government House.
They passed the night there, and next day visited public
buildings and places of interest. A public levee was given
on the evening of the 26th. The guests returned to the
ship about midnight, and the voyage was resumed on the
27th. They reached Hong Kong on the evening of April
30. The ship was immediately boarded by United States
Consuls Mosby, of Hong Kong; Lincoln, of Canton;
Charge d'Affaires Holcombe, and deputations of citizens
of various countries, including Japan. The same evening
the visitors proceeded to the United States ship Ashuelot,
where they were received with a salute of twenty-one
guns.
After partaking of refreshments, they went ashore in
the Colonial government launch. Salutes were fired by
batteries all along the river.
General Grant arrived at Canton on the evening of
May 6, and was received by the Consular officials, and con-
ducted to the Viceroy's yaman, three miles from the point
of debarkation. Canton is situated on the Pearl River,
thirty miles from the coast. The Viceroy sent a gunboat
out as escort up the river. This vessel, bearing the Ameri-
428
i
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD,
429
..
**、-----
can flag at the fore out of compliment to the General, fol-
lowed all the way.
At various points in the river
wherever, indeed, there
were forts — salutes were fired and troops paraded. These
lines of troops, with their flags and nearly every other
man in a Chinese army carries a flag-looked picturesque
and theatrical as seen from our deck.
It was nine o'clock in the evening before the lights of
Canton were seen. The Chinese gunboats, as the General
and party came to anchorage, burned blue lights and fired
rockets. The landing was decorated with Chinese lanterns,
and many of the junks in the river burned lights and dis-
played the American flag. The whole city had been wait-
ing all the afternoon, and had now gone home to dinner.
Next morning salutes were exchanged between the Ash-
uelot and the Chinese gunboats. The General remained
at home during the morning to receive calls. The coming
of General Grant had created a flutter in the Chinese mind.
No foreign barbarian of so high a rank had ever visited the
Celestial Kingdom. As soon as the Viceroy learned of
the visit, he sent word to the American Consul that he
would receive General Grant with special honors. The
Viceroy ordered all the houses closed, streets cleared and
the troops paraded. A placard issued, that a foreigner was
coming to do the Viceroy honor, and that the people must.
do him honor. We give a translation of one of these extra
bulletins:
"We have just heard that the King of America, being
on friendly terms with China, will leave America early in
the third month, bringing with him a suite of officers, etc.,
all complete on board the ship. It is said that he is bring-
ing a large number of rare presents with him, and that he
will be here in Canton about the 6th or 9th of May. He
will land at the Tintsy ferry, and will proceed to the Vice-
roy's palace by way of the South gate, the Fantai's Nga-
Ch
430
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
mun and the Waning Street. Viceroy Lan has arranged
that all the mandarins shall be there to meet him, and a
full Court will be held. After a little friendly conversa-
tion he will leave the Viceroy's palace, and visit the vari-
ous objects of interest within and without the walls. He
will then proceed to the Roman Catholic Cathedral, to con-
verse and pass the night. It is not stated what will then
take place, but notice will be given.”
As the hour approached for the General to enter Can-
ton, the crowd on the street grew larger and larger. A
Tartar officer arrived with a detachment of soldiers, who
formed, and kept the crowd back. Then came the chairs
and the chair bearers, for in Canton you must ride in chairs
and be borne on the shoulders of men. Rank is shown by
the color of the chair and the number of attendants. The
General's chair was a stately affair. On the top was a sil-
ver globe. The color was green, a color highly esteemed
in China, and next in rank to yellow, which is sacred and
consecrated to the Emperor, who aione can ride in a yeiiow
chair. The chair is borne by eight men, and swings on
long bamboo poles. In addition to the chair bearers, there
was a small guard of unarmed soldiers, some ahead and
others behind the chair, whose presence gave dignity to
the chair and its occupant. The principal business of this
guard seemed to be to shout and to make all the noise
possible.
1
At last they were under way for their visit to the Vice-
roy. First rode the single Tartar officer, then came the
shouting guard, then General Grant in his chair of state.
The General wore evening dress. The crowd and enthu-
siasm manifested all along the route was an extraordinary
sight wherever the street was intersected with other streets.
The crowd became so dense that additional troops were
required to hold them in place, and at various points the
Chinese salute of three guns was fired.
I
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
431
1
!
!
The road to the viceregal palace was three miles, and
as the
pace of the coolie who carries the chair is a slow
one, and especially on days of multitudes and pageantry,
they were over an hour on their journey, and for this hour
they journeyed through a sea of faces, a hushed and silent
sea, that swept around them, covering windows, doors,
streets, roof tops, wherever there was room for a pair of
feet or hands.
Some of the party estimated that there were two hun-
dred thousand people to witness General Grant's progress
through Canton. Two hundred thousand men, women
and children may be taken, therefore, as an estimate by
one who saw and took part in the ceremony. But no
massing together of figures, although you ascend into the
hundreds of thousands, will give an idea of the multitude.
The march was a slow one. There were frequent pauses.
Arrived at the palace of the Viceroy, the visitors descend
from their chairs, and enter the open reception room or
audience chamber. But the booming guns, which boom in
a quick, angry fashion; the increasing crowds, the renewed
lines of soldiery, now standing in double line, their guns at
a present; the sons of mandarins, the Viceroy's guard, un-
der trees, and the open, shaded enclosure into which we
are borne by our staggering, panting chair-bearers, tell us
that we are at our journey's end, and at the palace of the
Viceroy. We descend from our chairs, and enter the open
reception room or audience chamber. The Viceroy num-
self, surrounded by all the great officers of his court, is wait-
ing at the door. As General Grant advances, accompanied
by the Consul, the Viceroy steps forward and meets him
with a gesture of welcome, which to our barbarian eyes
looks like a gesture of adoration. He wears the man-
darin's hat, and the pink button and flowing robes of silk,
the breast and back embroidered a good deal like the sac-
rificial robes of an archbishop at high mass. The Viceroy
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
MAN
is a Chinaman, and not of the governing Tartar race. He
has a thin, somewhat worn face, and is over fifty years of
age. His manner was the perfection of courtesy and cor-
diality. He said he knew how unworthy he was of a visit
from one so great as General Grant, but that this unwor-
thiness only increased the honor. Then he presented the
General to the members of his Court - Chang Tsein, the
Tartar General; Jen Chi, the Imperial Commissioner of
Customs; San Chang Mow, the Deputy Tartar General,
and Chi Hwo, the Assistant Tartar General. After Gen-
eral Grant had been presented, each of his party in turn
were welcomed by the Viceroy, and presented to his
suite.
During this interchange of compliments the reception
room was filled with members and retainers of the Court.
Mandarins, aids, soldiers all ranks were present. The
whole scene was one of curiosity and excitement. The
Chinamen seemed anxious to do all they could to show
General Grant how welcome was his coming, but such a
visit was a new thing, and they had no precedent for the
reception of strangers who held so high a position as Gen-
eral Grant.
After the civilities were exchanged, the Viceroy led the
General and party into another room, where there were
chairs and tables around the room in a semi-circle. Between
each couple of chairs was a small table, on which were
cups of tea.
The General was led to the place of honor
in the centre, and the Chinese clustered together in one
corner. After some persuasion the Viceroy was induced
to sit beside the General, and the conversation proceeded.
Nothing was said beyond the usual compliments, which
were only repeated in various forms.
After sitting fifteen minutes they drank tea in Chinese
fashion. The tea is served in two cups, one of which is
placed over the other in such a manner that when take
you
1
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
433
1
up the cups you have a globe in your hands. The tea is
plain, and as each particular cup has been brewed by itself
is, in fact, brewing while you are waiting - you have the
leaves of the tea, avoiding the leaves by pushing the upper
bowl down into the lower one so as to leave a minute open-
ing and draw out the tea. Some drank the tea in orthodox
home fashion, but others, being sensitive to the reputation
of barbarism, perhaps, managed the two bowls very much
as though it were an experiment in jugglery, and drank the
tea like a mandarin. This ceremony over, they were led
into another room that opened on a garden. Here were
guards, aids and mandarins and lines of soldiers. They
found a large table spread covered with dishes-eighty
dishes in all. A part of a Chinese reception is entertain-
ment, and the General's was to be regal. They sat around.
the table and a cloud of attendants appeared, who with
silver and ivory chopsticks heaped their plates. Beside
each plate were two chopsticks and a knife and fork, so that
they might eat their food as they pleased, in Chinese or
European fashion.
The food was all sweetmeats, candied fruits, walnuts, al-
monds, ginger, cocoanuts, with cups of tea and wine. The
Viceroy with his chopsticks helped the General. This is
true Chinese courtesy, for the host to make himself the serv-
ant of his guest. Then came a service of wine-sweet
champagne and sauterne-in which the Viceroy pledged
us all, bowing to each guest as he drank. Then, again,
came tea, which in China is the signal for departure, an in-
timation that your visit is over. The Viceroy and party
arose and led them to their chairs. Each one was severally
and especially saluted as they entered their chairs; and as
they filed off under the trees, their coolies dangling them on
their shoulders, they left the Viceroy and his whole court,
with rows of mandarins and far-extending lines of soldiers
in an attitude of devotion, hands held together toward the
Add
434
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
forehead and heads bent, the soldiers with arms presented.
The music, real, banging, gong-thumping Chinese music.
broke out, twenty-one guns were fired, so close that the
smoke obscured the view, and they plunged into the sea of
life through which they had floated, and back again, through
one of the most wonderful sights ever seen, back to their
shady home in the American Consulate.
Consul-General Lincoln gave a grand State dinner on
the 11th. In addition to the members of the General's
party there were Captain Perkins, Mr. McEwen, Mr.
Deering, Mr. Case and Mr. Strickland, of the Ashuelot,
and the leading members of the foreign settlement to the
number of forty.
The whole house was dressed with
wreaths and evergreens and American flags, and in front
of the house was a platform for fireworks. The day had
been fitful as far as rain was concerned, and heavy biack
clouds banked themselves in the skies. But the fire-
works were fairly successful, and the dinner was good, and
Mr. Lincoln made an excellent speech, to which the Ger
eral replied by thanking the Consul for his courtesy. He
had, he said, visited every capital and nearly every large
city in Europe, and looked forward with interest to his con-
The honors he received
tinued progress through Asia.
were paid, not to him, but to his country, and in that spirit
he accepted them. He believed that peace could have no
better assurance than in the harmony and cordial good
feeling of the civilized nations of the world, and in presence
of so many representatives of these nations he felt he
could propose no better sentiment than the health of the
rulers and governments they represented. Mr. Rowe then
proposed the health in flattering terms of Mr. and Mrs.
Lincoln. Mr. Lincoln thanked Mr. Rowe in a few well
turned remarks, and the party left the dining-room to wit-
A bamboo erection,
ness a grand display of fireworks.
sixty feet high, had been placed in front of the Consulate,
TOUR AROUND THE WOrld.
435
S
and after a number of rockets, Catherine wheels and color-
ed lights of all kinds had been let off, a set piece displaying
a pagoda was fired and a magnificent spectacle was pro-
duced, winding up with a volley of rockets of all colors.
At ten o'clock a reception was held at the Consulate, when
the whole of the American and European community were
presented to General Grant by Mr. Lincoln.
The welcome given General Grant at Canton was
even more enthusiastic, and, in point of numbers participat-
ing, the most demonstrative, of any that had preceded it.
There was so much ceremony during the General's visit
that he had scarcely any opportunity to see the city, he
having given himself but four days to see Canton, and had
promised to return to Hong Kong to be present at a garden
party to be given on Monday.
General Grant and party sailed down the river from
Canton over to Macao, within five hours' sail of Hong
Kong. Macao is a colony of Portugal, and has been for
more than three centuries. Owing to the serious illness of
the Governor, there was no public reception. The Gov-
ernor sent the most cordial greeting and welcome to
Macao. The General landed and drove to a hotel. In the
evening he strolled about, and in the morning visited the
one site that gives Macao world-wide fame the home
and grotto of Camoens. Camoens was a soldier-poet, lost
his sight in a conflict with the Moors, and, dissatisfied with
the condition of affairs in Portugal, sailed for the East, and
came in banishment to Macao. Here he wrote the
"Lusiad." Senor Marques, a Portuguese resident, is now
the owner of the Grotto. The General was shown over
the grounds by the Senor, who, in honor of his coming,
had built an arch over the entrance with the inscription,
"Welcome to General Grant." The grounds surrounding
the Grotto are beautiful and extensive, and for some time
the party walked past the bamboo, the pimento, the coffee,
padd
436
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
÷
and other tropical trees and plants. Then they ascended
to a bluff overlooking the town and sea, and from that
point they had a commanding view of the town, the ocean,
and the rocky coasts of China. The Grotto of Camoens is
enclosed with an iron railing, and a bust of the poet sur-
mounts the spot where, according to tradition, he was wont
to sit and muse and compose his immortal poems. General
Grant inscribed his name in the visitors' book, and, accom-
panied by Senor Marques, returned to the Ashuelot, which
at once steamed for Hong Kong. Salutes were fired from
the Portuguese battery as they left, and at two o'clock they
landed in Hong Kong harbor, where Governor Hennessy
met the General and took him to the Government House.
General Grant's reception at Hong Kong was as brill-
iant and enthusiastic as that at Canton. Disembarking
amid salutes from the Ashuelot and the Japanese corvette
Nishin, they were received at a decorated landing-pier by
Governor Hennessy and staff, members of the Legislative
Council, heads of the military and naval services, a guard
of honor, and a multitude of American, European and
Chinese spectators. After introductions, they were escorted
to the Government House. Many streets were adorned
with flags, etc., and houses were illuminated. On May 1
General Grant called upon Consul Mosby and informally
inspected localities of importance. On May 2 he held a
public reception at the United States Consulate, and dined
with Chief Justice Sir John Smale. May 3 he attended a
state dinner at Government House. The felicitous address
of Governor Hennessy was warmly commended by the
Americans. General Grant responded briefly and effect-
ively, giving the sentiment of "Good will and alliance.
between Britons and Americans."
The citizens of Hong Kong had arranged a garden
party to be given General Grant on Monday, but the
weather interfered, and the General was compelled to leave
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
437
on Monday, to keep engagements made for him in the
North. He spent Sunday quietly with the Governor, and
on Monday morning took leave of his brilliant and hospita-
ble host. Before leaving, the General, accompanied by the
Governor and our Consul, Colonel John S. Mosby, received
a deputation of Chinese, who wished to present him with
an address. The presentation took place in the parlors of
the Government House, when the following address was
read:
"To General ULYSSES S. GRANT, late President of the United States
of America, and Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army.
"SIR: On the occasion of your honoring Hong Kong
with your presence, we, the undersigned, on behalf of the
Chinese community, approach you to give you a hearty
welcome, and beg to present you an address expressive of
our high esteem and respect for you. During your Presi-
dency your geat name and noble deeds were known far
and wide, and by the carrying out of a just policy you
commanded admiration and respect from all classes of
people under your rule. We have been delighted to find
that in international questions you have shown a spirit of
impartiality and fairness, treating Americans and foreigners
alike, and the Chinese who have been trading in the United
States have sung, and continue to sing, praises of the many
good actions done by you while in office.
"We had longed to see you, but, being far away, we
were hitherto not permitted to realize our wish. Now
that you have favored us with a visit we avail ourselves of
the opportunity to present you with a scroll inscribed with
these four words, "Benefit to Chinese People," which we
hope may serve as a souvenir of your interview with the
Chinese community of Hong Kong.
"Signed by Lee Ting, Ho Amei, Lee Tuck Cheong,
and ninety others."
General Grant said:-"Gentlemen, I am very happy to
438
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
meet so many representatives of the Chinese community
in Hong Kong, and for the kind words of your address
accept my thanks. I have looked forward for a long time
to my visit to China, and am pleased to see, as I have seen
in Hong Kong, that the Chinese are a thrifty, industrious
and intelligent people. I have no other wish than that
between the two peoples there shall be harmony and the
best relations, and in this spirit I accept your address and
the beautiful memento which accompanies it, and thank you
for your good wishes.'
After giving the address the General and party, accom-
panied by Governor Hennessy and wife and Colonel
Mosby, took chairs and proceeded to the landing, to embark
for the north. There was a guard of honor at the wharf,
and all the foreign residents were present. As the General
went on board the launch, hearty cheers were given, which
were again and again repeated as he steamed into the bay.
The Governor took his leave of General Grant on board
the Ashuelot, and, as he left, the vessel fired a salute of sev
enteen guns in his honor, with the British flag at the fore.
General Grant's trip along the coast of China was ex-
ceptionally pleasant, so far as winds and waves were con-
cerned. There was a monsoon blowing, but it was just
enough to help along without disturbing the sea. Then
it was a pleasure to come once more into cooler latitudes.
Ever since they left Naples they had been under the sun,
and nearly four months' battle with it had told upon them
all. It was a luxury to tread the deck, and feel a cool
breeze blowing from the north; to roll yourself in a blanket
as you slept on deck; to look out warmer clothing, and
feel that life was something more than living in a Turkish
bath. On the morning of the 13th they came to Swatow.
""
Swatow is one of the treaty ports thrown open to for-
eigners under the treaty of Lord Elgin. It is at the mouth
of the river Hau. The entrance to the river is striking in
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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
439
point of scenery, and as they came in sight of the town all
the Chinese forts saluted, and the shipping in the harbor
dressed. C. C. Williams, Consular Agent, came on board
to welcome the General, and in his company he landed, and
spent an hour in threading the old Chinese town. The
streets were narrow. While in Swatow the Chinese Gov-
ernor called in state, and said that he had orders from the
government to pay all possible attentions to General Grant.
It was the custom of the country in making these calls to
bring an offering, and, as nothing is more useful than food,
he had brought a live sheep, six live chickens, six ducks
and four hams. While the Governor was in conference
with the General, the animals were outside. There was
nothing for the General to do but to accept the homely
offering, and present it to the servants.
General Grant visited Amoy, another of the treaty
ports open to foreign trade. It is on the Island of Hea-
mun, at the mouth of the Dragon River. The scenery, as
seen in approaching the island, is picturesque. All the bat-
teries fired a salute, and there was a welcome from one of
the United States men-of-war, the Ranger, commanded
by Commander Boyd. Vice-Consul Stevens came on
board, and welcomed the General to Amoy. He landed,
and strolled through the Chinese town, which was very old
and dirty. At noon there was a large luncheon party, at
which we met all the Consuls, the leading citizens, and the
commanders of the Ashuelot and the Ranger. Among
the guests was Sir Thomas Wade, the British Minister to
Pekin. Mr. Stevens proposed the health of the General
in a complimentary speech, and at five they went on board
the Ranger to attend a reception. The Ranger, under the
inspiration of the officers, was transformed into wiy
scene, and nothing could have been mo ...u and hospita-
ble than the captain and officers. Mrs. Boyd assisted her
husband in entertaining his guests. At seven o'clock, as
•
-
440
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
2
ww M
:.
the sun was going down, they took their leave of the brill-
iant gathering in the Ranger, and steamed to Shanghai,
The following letters were exchanged between Gen-
eral Grant and the King of Siam, the King of Hawaii and
the Viceroy of Canton:
GRAND PALACE, BANGKOK, April 20, 1879.
MY DEAR GENERAL GRANT:
I received your kind telegram on leaving Siam, and
was very much pleased to hear that you were satisfied
with your reception.
Your reception was not all I could have wished, for I
had not sufficient notice to enable me to prepare much that
I desired to prepare, but the good nature of Your Excel-
lency and Mrs. Grant has made you excuse the deficiencies.
You will now pass on to wealthier cities and more
powerful nations, but I depend on your not forgetting Siam,
and from time to time I shall write to you, and hope to
receive a few words in reply.
I shall certainly never forget the pleasure your visit
has given me, and shall highly prize the friendships thus
inaugurated with Your Excellency and Mrs. Grant.
I send my kind regards to Mr. Borie, wishing him long
life, health and happiness, and with the same wish to your-
self and Mrs. Grant and your family,
I am your faithful friend,
To General Grant.
CHULALONKORN, King of Siam.
UNITED STATES STEAMER ASHUELOT,
NEAR SHANGHAI, May 16, 1879.
}
TO HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SIAM.
Dear Sir: Just before leaving Hong Kong for
Shanghai, I received your very welcome letter of the 20th
of April, and avail myself of the first opportunity of reply-
ing. I can assure you that nothing more could have been
done by Your Majesty and all those about you, to make the
visit of myself and party pleasant and agreeable. Every
one of us will retain the most pleasant recollections of our
visit to Siam, and of the cordial reception we received
from yourself and all with whom we were thrown in con-
tact.
I shall always be glad to hear from you, and to hear of
"

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}
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​TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
443
the prosperity and progress of the beautiful country over
which you rule with so much justice and thought for the
ruled.
My party are all well, and join me in expression of
highest regards for yourself and Cabinet, and wishes for
long life, health and happiness to all of you, and peace and
prosperity to Siam.
Your friend,
U. S. GRANT.
TOLANI HALL, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, Feb. 18, 1879.
Dear Sir: The public newspapers give me the infor-
mation that you are at present on your passage to the East,
and are intending to return to the Unitd States across the
Pacific Ocean. When I was in the United States during
your Presidency, you manifested such interest in the pros-
perity of my kingdom, that I am proud to think it will not
be uninteresting to you to observe the progress we have
made, and the general state of the country.
I will not remind you that other travelers have found
the natural features of the islands, and more especially their
volcanic phenomena, interesting, and I entertain a hope
that if you accept the invitation which I now tender to you
to visit us, as a guest of myself and this nation, on your
return to your native country, such a visit will be a pleas-
ant rememberance to you.
For myself, it will afford me a great gratification to
receive and entertain you, and my people will be proud to
do everything in their power to make your visit agreeable.
I am your friend,
KALAKUA.
To General U. S. Grant.
UNITED STATES STEAMER ASHUELOT,
NEAR SHANGHAI, May 16, 1879.
HIS MAJESTY, KING KALAKAUA.
Dear Sir: On the eve of my departure from Hong
Kong for Shanghai, China, I was put in possession of
your very polite invitation of the 18th of February for
me to visit your kingdom, and to be the guest of Your
Majesty. I can assure you that it would afford me the
greatest pleasure to accept your invitation if I could do so.
I have always felt the greatest desire to visit the Hawaiian
Islands, and cannot say positively yet that I may not be
able to do so. But it will be impossible for me to give a
444
General U. S. GRANT'S
:
3
positive answer until I get to Japan and learn of the run-
ning of the vessels between Yokohama and Honolulu, and
between the latter place and San Francisco.
I shall visit Pekin before going to Japan, and remain
in the latter country a month or six weeks. As soon as it
is determined whether I am to have the pleasure of visiting
your most interesting country or not, I will inform you.
Hoping that I may be able to go, Your friend,
U. S. GRant.
TO HIS EXCELLENCY, THE LATE PRESIDENT:
It has been a high honor and a source of the deepest
satisfaction to myself, the high provincial authorities and
the gentry and people of Canton, that Your Excellency,
whom we have so long desired to see, has been so good as
to come among us.
Upon learning from you of your early departure, while
I dared not interfere to delay you, I had hoped, in company
with my associates, to present my humble respects at the
moment of your leaving. I refrained from doing so in
●bedience to your command.
I have ventured to send a few trifles to your honored
wife, which I hope she will be so kind as to accept.
I trust that you both will have a prosperous journey
throughout all your way, and that you both may be granted
many years and abundant good. Should I ever be honored
by my sovereign with a mission abroad, it will be my most
devout prayer and earnest desire that I may meet you
again.
I respectfully wish you the fulness of peace.
LIU KUN.
}
United States Steamer Ashuelot,
NEAR SHANGHAI, China, May 16, 1879.
HIS EXCELLENCY, THE VICEROY OF KWANGTUNG AND KWANGHAI.
Dear Sir: Before leaving Hong Kong for more ex-
tended visits through the Celestial Empire, I was placed in
possession of your very welcome letter giving expression
to the best wishes of Your Excellency and of all the high
officials in Canton for myself and mine. Since then it has
been my good fortune to visit Swatow and Amoy, both, I
understand, under Your Excellency's government, and have
received at each the same distinguished reception accorded
at Canton. Myself and party will carry with us from China
TOUR AROUND THE WORld.
445
i
the most pleasant recollections of our visit to the country
over which you preside, and of the hospitalities received at
your hands.
Mrs. Grant desires to thank you especially for the beau-
tiful specimens of Chinese work which you presented to
her. With the best wishes of myself and party for your
health, long life and prosperity, and in hopes that we may
meet again, I am your friend,
U. S. GRANT.
General Grant's welcome at Shanghai was a fitting
climax to the extraordinary reception he had received in
China. The story of his two-days' residence here is a
story of festivals and pageantry, culminating in the cele-
bration and reception by the Governor and Council. As
the General and party came to the spot selected for land-
ing, the banks of the river were thronged with Chinamen,
and at least one hundred thousand lined the bank.
At three o'clock precisely the barge of the Ashuelot
was manned, the American flag was hoisted at the bow,
and General Grant, accompanied by Mrs. Grant, Mr. Borie,
Colonel Grant, Mr. Holcombe, Acting Minister at Pekin;
Mrs. Holcombe, Consul-General Bailey, and Dr. Keating,
embarked. As the boat slowly pulled toward the shore
the guns of the Ashuelot thundered out a national salute,
while the other men-of-war manned the yards. In a few
minutes the boat came to the landing, which was covered
with scarlet cloth. Mr. Little, Chairman of the Municipal
Council, and the committee, shook hands with the General,
and the procession marched into the building. As General
Grant entered, the audience rose and cheered heartily. On
reaching the seat prepared for him he was presented to the
Chinese Governor, who had come to do his part in the re-
ception. The Governor was accompanied by a delegation
of mandarins of high rank. The band played "Hail,
Columbia," and after the music and cheering ceased, Mr.
Little advanced and read the following address:
446
GENERAL U. s. Grant's
"
SHANGHAI, May 17, 1879.
To General U. S. GRANT.
Sir: On behalf of this community I have the honor
of welcoming you to Shanghai. In this the easternmost
commercial settlement of the continent the lines that unite
the old and new worlds meet, and here we on the eastern
edge of the oldest empire in the world appropriately greet
an illustrious representative of the great Republic of the
New World.
Devoted as we are to trade, we have little to show that
is of interest to the ordinary traveler. But as the head for
two periods of a great cosmopolitan, commercial state, we
trust that you will find something to interest you in this
small commercial republic, itself as cosmopolitan as the
great country from which you come.
We thank you for coming to visit us. We trust that
you will find that we have done all in our power to make
your visit pleasant. We wish for you a future as happy
and distinguished as your past, and that after you leave us
you will remember with pleasure this little band of self-
governed representatives of all States, united in peaceful
pursuits, and furthering, we believe, not without success,
the cause of progress in this country.
I have the honor to be, sir, on behalf of the foreign
community of Shanghai, your obedient servant,
R. W. LITTLE,
Chairman of the Committee.
After a moment's pause, General Grant, speaking in a
low, conversational tone of voice, said:
“Ladies and Gentlemen:-I am very much obliged
to you for the hearty welcome which you have paid me,
and I must say that I have been a little surprised, and
agreeably surprised. I have now been a short time in the
country of which Shanghai forms so important a part in a
commercial way, and I have seen much to interest me and
much to instruct me. I wish I had known ten years ago
what I have lately learned. I hope to carry back to my
country a report of all I have seen in this part of the world,
for it will be of interest and possibly of great use. I thank
you again for the hearty welcome you have given me."

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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
449
The speech over, there were other presentations, and
General Grant was escorted to his carriage. There was a
guard of honor composed of sailors and marines from the
American and French men-of-war, and the Volunteer
Rifles of Shanghai.
On Monday night General Grant went to the house of
Mr. Cameron to witness a torchlight procession and illumi-
nation in his honor. The town had been agog all day pre-
paring for the illumination.
The two occasions on which Shanghai had exerted herself
to welcome and honor a guest, were on the visits of the
Duke of Edinburgh and the Grand Duke Alexis. The
display in honor of General Grant far surpassed these, and
what made it so agreeable was the heartiness with which
English, Americans, French, Germans and Chinese all
united. The scene as the General drove out into the open
street was bewildering in its beauty. Wherever you looked
was a blaze of light and fire, of rockets careering in the
air, of Roman lights and every variety of fire. The ships
in the harbor were a blaze of color, and looked as if they
were pieces of fireworks. The lines of the masts, the rig-
ging and the hulls were traced in flames. The Monocacy
was very beautiful, every line from the bow to the topmast
and anchor chain hung with Japanese lanterns. This grace-
ful, blending mass of color thrown upon the black evening
sky was majestic, and gave an idea of a beauty in fire
hitherto unknown to the visitors. "Never before," said the
morning journal "has there been such a blaze of gas
and candles seen in Shanghai."
K
At ten the General returned to the house of Mr.
Cameron, and from there reviewed the firemen's procession.
Each engine was preceded by a band, which played Ameri-
can airs. After the procession passed and repassed, there
was a reception in Mr. Cameron's house, and at midnight
the General drove home to the Consulate. So came to an
450
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
end a wonderful day -one of the most wonderful in the
history of General Grant's tour around the world.
C
As the Ashuelot came into the Peiho River, the forts
fired twenty-one guns, and all the troops were paraded. A
Chinese gunboat was awaiting, bearing Judge Denny, our
Consul, and Mr. Dillon, French Consul and Dean of the
Consular corps. As General Grant and party came near
Tientsin the scene was imposing. Wherever they passed
a fort twenty-one guns were fired. All the junks and ves-
sels were dressed in bunting. A fleet of Chinese gunboats
formed in line, and each vessel manned yards. The boom-
ing of the cannon, the waving of the flags, the manned
yards, the multitude that lined the banks, the fleet of junks
massed together and covered with curious lookers-on, the
stately Ashuelot, carrying the American flag at the fore,
towering high above the slender Chinese vessels and an-
swering salutes gun for gun; the noise, the smoke, the glit-
ter of arms, the blending and waving of banners and flags
which lined the forts and the rigging like a fringe all
combined to form one of the most vivid and imposing
pageants of their journey. The General stood on the
quarter-deck, with Commander Johnson, Mr. Holcombe,
Judge Denny and Mr. Dillon, making acknowledgments
by raising his hat as he passed each ship. As they came
near the landing, the yacht of the Viceroy, carrying his
flag, steamed toward them, and as soon as their anchor
found its place hauled alongside. First came two mandarins
carrying the Viceroy's card. General Grant stood at the
gangway, accompanied by the officers of the ship, and as
the Viceroy stepped over the side of the Ashuelot the yards
were manned and a salute was fired. Judge Denny, ad-
vancing, met the Viceroy and presented him to General
Grant as the great soldier and statesman of China. The
Viceroy presented the members of his suite, and the Gen-
eral, taking his arm, led him to the upper deck, where the
J
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two Generals sat in conversation for some time, while tea
and cigars and wine were passed around in approved
Chinese fashion.
The great Viceroy, perhaps to-day the most powerful
subject in China, had taken the deepest interest in the coming
of General Grant. He was of the same age as the Gen-
eral. They won their victories at the same time, the South-
ern rebellion ending in April, the Taeping rebellion in
July, 1865. While General Grant was making his progress
in India, the Viceroy followed his movements, and had all
the particulars of the journey translated. As soon as the
General reached Hong Kong, our Consul, Judge Denny,
conveyed a welcome from the Viceroy. When questions
were raised as to the reception of the General in Tientsin,
the Viceroy ended the matter by declaring that no honor
should be wanting to the General, and that he himself
would be the first Chinaman to greet him in Tientsin and
welcome him to the chief province of the empire. Between
General Grant and the Viceroy friendly relations grew up,
and while in Tientsin they saw a great deal of each other.
The Viceroy had said that he did not care merely to look
at, or even to make his acquaintance, but to know him well
and talk with him. The Viceroy is known among the
most advanced school of Chinese statesmen, anxious to
introduce all the improvements of the Western world, to
strengthen and develop China. This subject so dear to
him was one that the General has, whenever he has met
Chinese statesmen, tried to impress upon their minds the
necessity of developing their country, and of doing it them-
selves.
The General formed a high opinion of the Viceroy
as a statesman of resolute and far-seeing character. This
opinion was formed after many conversations—official,
ceremonial and personal. The visit of the Viceroy to the
General was returned next day in great pomp. There was
:
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
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a marine guard from the Ashuelot. They went to the
viceregal palace in the Viceroy's yacht, and as they steamed
up the river every foot of ground, every spot on the junks,
was covered with people. At the landing, troops were
drawn up. A chair lined with yellow silk, such a chair as
is only used by the Emperor, was awaiting the General.
As far as the eye could reach, the multitude stood expect-
ant and gazing, and they went to the palace through a line
of troops, who stood with arms at a present. Amid the
firing of guns, the beating of gongs, the procession slowly
marched to the palace door. The Viceroy, surrounded by
his mandarins and attendants, welcomed the General. At
the close of the interview General Grant and the Viceroy sat
for a photograph. This picture Li-Hung Chang wished
to preserve as a memento of the General's visit, and it was
taken in one of the palace rooms. A day or two later there
was a ceremonial dinner given in a temple. The hour was
noon, and the Viceroy invited several guests to meet the
General. The dinner was a stupendous, princely affair,
containing all the best points of Chinese and European
cookery, and, although the hour was noon, the afternoon.
had far gone when it came to an end.
Before it ended, Mr. Detring, on behalf of the Viceroy,
arose and read this speech:
"GENTLEMEN: It has given me great pleasure to
welcome you as my guests to-day, more especially as you
aid me in showing honor to the distinguished man who is
now with us. General Grant's eminent talents as a sol-
dier and a statesman, and his popularity while chief ruler
of a great country, are known to us all. I think it may be
said of him now, as it was said of Washington a century
ago, that he is "first in war, first in peace, and first in the
hearts of his countrymen." His fame, and the admiration.
and respect it excites, are not confined to his own country,
as the events of his present tour around the world will

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prove,
and China should not be thought unwilling to wel-
come such a visitor. I thank the General for the honor he
has conferred upon me. I thank you all, gentlemen, for
the pleasure you have given me to-day, and I now ask you
to join me in drinking the health of General Grant, and
wishing him increasing fame and prosperity."
The Viceroy and all his guests arose and remained
standing while Mr. Detring read this speech. At the close,
the Viceroy lifted a glass of wine, and, bowing to the Gen-
eral, drank the toast. General Grant then arose and said:
"YOUR EXCELLENCY AND GENTLEMEN OF THE
CONSULAR CORPS: I am very much obliged to you for
the welcome I have received in Tientsin, which is only a
repetition of the kindness shown to me by the representa-
tives of all nations since I came within the coasts of China.
I am grateful to the Viceroy for the especial consideration
which I have received at his hands. His history as a sol-
dier and statesman of the Chinese Empire has been known
to me, as it has been known to all at home who have fol-
lowed Chinese affairs, for a quarter of a century. I am
glad to meet one who has done such great service to his
country. My visit to China has been full of interest. I
have learned a great deal of the civilization, the manners,
the achievements, and the industry of the Chinese people,
and I shall leave the country with feelings of friendship
toward them, and a desire that they may be brought into
relations of the closest commercial alliance and intercourse
with the other nations. I trust that the Viceroy will some
time find it in his power to visit my country, when I shall
be proud to return, as far as I can, the hospitality I have
received from him. Again thanking your Excellency for
your reception, and you, gentlemen of the Consular corps,
for your kindness, I ask you to join with me in a toast to
the prosperity of China and the health of the Vicerov."
When this speech was ended there was tea, ana then
į
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
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came cigars. The Viceroy had arranged for a photograph
of the whole dinner party. So their portraits were taken
in the room where they had dined, the Viceroy and the
General sitting in the middle, beside a small tea table. On
the side of the General were the European, on that of the
Viceroy the Chinese, members of the party. This func-
tion over, they returned to their yacht amid the same cere-
monies as those which attended their coming, and steamed
back to the Consulate, the river still lined with thousands
of Chinamen.
There was a fete at the French Consulate — it was made
brilliant by a display of fireworks and also of jugglery;
the Viceroy, the General and the ladies of the party sitting
on the balcony and watching the performers; at midnight
the fete ended, and, considering the small colony and the
resources possible to so limited a company, was a complete
success. After enjoying a delightful series of receptions,
dinners and fetes, the General and party bid farewell to
Tientsin, and embarked in a large, clumsy boat, called a
mandarin's boat, for Pekin, one hundred and fifty miles
from Tientsin. After a tiresome journey, on the third
day their boats tied up to the bank at the village of Tung
Chow. At this point the party were carried in chairs to
Pekin, arriving at midday. After a severe and uncomfort-
able ride of five hours they entered the Legation, and met
a grateful and gracious welcome.
On the evening of their arrival the American residents
in Pekin called in a body on the General to welcome him
and read an address. Dinner over, the General and party
entered the Legation parlors and were presented to the
small colony of the favored people who have pitched their
tents in Pekin. The members of this colony are mission-
aries, members of the customs staff, diplomatists and one or
two who have claims or schemes for the consideration of the
Chinese government. After being introduced to the Gen-
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
455
eral and party, Dr. Martin, the President of the Chinese
English University, stepped forward and read the following
address:
"SIR: Twenty years ago the American flag for the
first time entered the gates of this ancient capital. For
the greater part of that time your countrymen have been
residing here under its protecting folds, and it is with feel-
ings of no ordinary type that we gather ourselves beneath
its shadow this day to welcome your arrival; because to
you, sir, under God, it is due that its azure field had not
been rent in fragments and its golden stars scattered to the
winds of heaven. Having borne that banner through a
career of victory which finds few parallels in the page of
history, it was your high privilege to gather around it in
a new cemented union the long discordant members of our
national family. Occupying the most exalted position to
which it was possible for you to be elevated by the voice
of a grateful people, your strength was in the justice and
moderation of your administration, a force more potent
than that of armed cohorts. After conferring on our
country these inestimable benefits, as its leader in war and
its guide in the paths of peace, we reflect with pride that
you have shown the world how a great man can descend
from a lofty station and yet carry with him the homage of
his people and the admiration of mankind. As you travel
from land to land, everywhere welcomed as the citizen of
a wider commonwealth than that of our native country, we
cannot forget that your visits to their shores possess an in-
ternational character of which it is impossible to divest
them. You are honored as the highest representative of
our country who has ever gone beyond her borders, and
America is the more respected for having given birth to
such a son. Your presence here to-day directs the atten-
tion of this venerable empire to the great republic from
which you come. It will also have the effect of turning
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
1
:
the eyes of our countrymen toward the teeming millions of
Eastern Asia; and fervently do we trust that it will help
to impress them with the obligations of justice and human-
ity in their dealings with the people of China. Your
antecedents, sir, leave us in no doubt as to the policy that
would meet your approval. Hoping that your influence
may contribute to the adjustment of difficulties which
threaten to react so disastrously on American interests in
China, and that thereby you will add another to the many
laurels that crown your brow, we hail your visit as both op-
portune and auspicious, and again with one heart we bid
you welcome to the capital of China.
"W. A. P. Martin, H. Blodget, D. C. McCoy, H. B.
Morse, C. C. Moreno, J. H. Pyke, W. F. Walker, H. H.
Lowry, J. H. Roberts, W. C. Noble, Chester Holcombe.
"Pekin, June 3, 1879.”
The General, in a quiet, conversational tone, said he was
always glad to meet his fellow countrymen, and the kind
words in which he had been welcomed added to the pleas-
ure which such a meeting afforded in Pekin. The Ameri-
cans were a wonderful people, he said, smiling, for you
found them everywhere, even here in this distant and in-
accessible capital. He was especially pleased with the
allusion in the address to the fact that in America a career
was possible to the humblest station in life. His own career
was one of the best examples of the possibilities open to
any man and every man at home. That feature in America
he was proud to recognize, for it was one of the golden
principles of our government. The General again thanked
the delegation for their kindness, wished them all pros-
perity in their labors in China, and a happy return to their
homes, where he hoped some day to meet them.
Within an hour after the General's arrival, he was
waited upon by the members of the Cabinet, who came in
a body, accompanied by the military and civil Governors of
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
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#>
Pekin. These are the highest officials in China, men of
grace and stately demeanor. They were received in Chi-
nese fashion, seated around a table covered with sweet-
meats, and served with tea. The first Secretary brought
with him the card of Prince Kung, the Prince Regent of
the Empire, and said that His Imperial Highness had
charged him to present all kind wishes to General Grant,
and to express the hope that the trip in China had been
pleasant. The Secretary also said that, as soon as the
Prince Regent heard from the Chinese Minister in Paris
that General Grant was coming to China, he sent orders to
the officials to receive him with due honor. The General
said that he had received nothing but honor and courtesy
from China, and this answer pleased the Secretary, who said
he would be happy to carry it to the Prince Regent.
General Grant did not ask an audience of the Emperor.
The Emperor is a child seven years of age, at his books,
not in good health, and under the care of two old ladies,
called the Empresses. When the Chinese Minister in Paris
spoke to General Grant about audience, and his regret that
the sovereign of China was not of age that he might per-
sonally entertain the ex-President, the General said he
hoped no question of audience would be raised. He had
no personal curiosity to see the Emperor, and there could
be no useful object in conversing with a child.
As soon as General Grant arrived at Pekin, he was
met by the Secretary of State, who brought the card of
Prince Kung, and said His Imperial Highness would be
glad to see General Grant at any time. The General named
the succeeding day, at three. The General and party left the
Legation at half past two.
The way to the Yamen was over dirty roads, and through
a disagreeable part of the town, the day being warm. When
they came to the court-yard of the Yamen, the Secretaries
and a group of mandarins received the General and his
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GENERAL U. s. grant's
•
Prince
party, and escorted them into the inner court.
Kung, who was standing at the door, with a group of high
officers, advanced and saluted the General, and said a few
words of welcome, which were translated by Mr. Hol-
combe, the acting Minister.
The Prince saluted General Grant in Tartar fashion,
looking at him for a moment with an earnest, curious gaze,
like one who had formed an idea of some kind and was
The
anxious to see how far his ideal had been realized.
sun was beating down, and the party passed into a large,
plainly furnished room, where was a table laden with Chi-
nese food. The Prince, sitting down at the centre, gave
General Grant the seat at his left, the post of honor in
China. He then took up the cards, one by one, which had
been written in Chinese characters on red paper, and asked
Mr. Holcombe for the name and station of each member
of General Grant's suite.
As princes go, few are more celebrated than Prince
Kung. He is a Prince of the imperial house of China,
brother of the late Emperor and uncle of the present. In
appearance the Prince is of middle stature, with a sharp,
narrow face, a high forehead-made more prominent by
the Chinese custom of shaving the forehead- and a
changing, evanescent expression of countenance. He has
been at the head of the Chinese government since the
English invasion and the burning of the Summer Palace.
He was the only Prince who remained at his post at that
time, and consequently when the peace came it devolved
upon him to make it. This negotiation gave him a
European celebrity, and a knowledge of Europeans that
was of advantage. European powers have preferred to
keep in power a prince with whom they have made
treaties before. In the politics of China, Prince Kung has
shown courage and ability. When the Emperor, his
brother, died, in 1861, a council was formed composed of
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princes and noblemen of high rank. This council claimed
to sit by the will of the deceased Emperor. The inspiring
element was hostility to foreigners. Between this Regency
and the Prince there was war. The Emperor was a
child-his own nephew -just as the present Emperor is a
child. Suddenly a decree coming from the child-Emperor
was read, dismissing the Regency, making the Dowager
Empress Regent, and giving the power to Prince Kung.
This decree Prince Kung enforced with vigor, decision
and success. He arrested the leading members of the
Regency, charged them with having forged the will under
which they claimed the Regency, and sentenced three of
them to death. Two of the regents were permitted to
commit suicide, but the other was beheaded. From that
day, under the Empresses, Prince Kung has been the ruler
of China.
General Grant could not remain long enough in the
Yamen to finish the dinner, as he had an engagement to
visit the college for the teaching of an English education
to young Chinese. This institution is under the direction
of Dr. Martin, an American, and the buildings adjoin the
Yamen. Consequently, on taking leave of the Prince,
who said he would call and see the General at the Lega-
tion, they walked a few steps, and were escorted into the
classroom of the College. Doctor Martin presented Gen-
eral Grant to the students and professors, and one of the
students read the following address:
C
"GENERAL U. S. GRANT, EX PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES:
"SIR: We have long heard your name, but never
dreamed that we would have an opportunity to look on
your face. Formerly the people of your Southern States.
rebelled against your government and nearly obtained pos-
session of the land, but, through your ability in leading the
national forces, the rebel chief was captured and the coun-
try tranquilized. Having commanded a million of men
1
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
and survived a hundred battles, your merit was recognized
as the highest in, your own land, and your name became
known in every quarter of the globe. Raised to the
Presidency by the voice of a grateful people, you laid
aside the arts of war and sought only to achieve the victo
ries of peace. The people enjoyed tranquility, commerce
flourished, manufactures revived, and the whole nation
daily became more wealthy and powerful. Your achieve-
ments as a civil ruler are equally great with your military
triumphs. Now that you have resigned the Presidency,
you employ your leisure in visiting different parts of the
world, and the people of all nations and all ranks welcome
your arrival. It requires a fame like yours to produce
effects like these. We, the students of this college, are
very limited in our attainments, but all men love the wise
and respect the virtuous. We, therefore, feel honored by
this opportunity of standing in your presence. It is our
sincere hope that another term of the Presidency may come
to you, not only that your own nation may be benefited,
but that our countrymen resident in America may enjoy
the blessings of your protection.
“WANG FENGTSAR, tutor in Mathematics.
"WEN HSII, tutor in English.
"NA SAN, tutor in English.
"On behalf of the students of Tunguon College.
"Kwang Sii, 5y. 4 m. 16 d.-June 5, 1879.”
The General, in response, said:
"GENTLEMEN: I am much obliged to you for your
welcome and for the compliments you pay me. I am glad
to meet you and see in the capital of this vast and ancient
empire an institution of learning based upon English
principles, and in which you can learn the English
language. I have been struck with nothing so much in
my tour around the world as with the fact that the progress
of civilization—of our modern civilization—is marked by
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461
the progress of the English tongue. I rejoice in this fact,
and I rejoice in your efforts to attain a knowledge of En-
glish speech and all that such a knowledge must convey.
You have my warmest wishes for your success in this and
in all your undertakings, and my renewed thanks for the
honor you have shown me."
Prince Kung was punctual in his return of the call of
General Grant. He came to the Legation in his chair, and
was received by General Grant in the parlors of the Lega-
tion. Several officers from the Richmond happened to be
in Pekin on a holiday, and the General invited them, as
well as the officers of the Ashuelot, who were at the Lega-
tion, to receive the Prince. As all the officers were in full
uniform, the reception of the Prince became almost an im-
posing affair. The Prince was accompanied by the Grand
Secretaries, and, as soon as he was presented to the mem-
bers of the General's party, he was led into the dining-
room, and they all sat around a table, and were given tea
and sweetmeats and champagne. During this visit there
occurred a remarkable conversation, which may not be
without its effect upon the politics of the East. The gen-
eral features of this conversation were no less than a prop-
osition to utilize the services of General Grant as a peace-
maker.
In the form of asking General Grant's "advice,” and
under cover of an anxiety to confer with him, and with a
graceful apology for talking business to a visitor out of the
harness, this adroit diplomatist engaged in conversation
on the subject of the seizure of the Loochoo Islands by
Japan, and the consequent disturbance of friendly relations
between Japan and China. "I feel that I should apologize
even for the reference," said the Prince, "which I would
not have ventured upon, but for our conviction that one who
has had so high a place in determining the affairs of the
world can have no higher interest than that of furthering
17
462
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
peace and justice." There can be no handsomer way than
this to compel attention and demand assistance; and, when
one is thus pressed by a man of Prince Kung's dignity-by
the ruler of the greatest aggregation of human creatures of
which history has any record-the generous mind perceives.
that a grand condescension thus presented as a request can-
not be put aside. General Grant's own succinct statement
of the spirit of the foreign policy of the American govern-
ment was also such as to exhibit his sympathy with this
fine conception, that a desire to aid the progress of justice
in the world should be the first interest of a gentleman in
whatever circumstances he might be called
a senti-
upon
ment of knight errantry in statesmanship. Our foreign
policy, the General said, is made up of "fair play, con-
sideration for the rights of others, respect for international
law," which is a handy adaptation to national circumstances
of the three points laid down by Justinian's lawyers as
sufficient to properly regulate every human life-"honeste
vivere, alterum non lædere, suum cuique tribuere." Between
two men of great experience, accustomed to deal in the great
concerns of human life, and whose minds have taken color
from their great functions, it is not strange to find this
ready sympathy on such a topic, and the world will not be
astonished to hear that General Grant straightforwardly
said: "I told the Viceroy at Tientsin that everything I
could do in the interest of peace was my duty and my pleas-
ure. I can conceive of no higher office for any man.
→
C
The Prince, when he had finished his conversation,
drew toward him a glass of champagne, and, addressing
Mr. Holcombe, said he wished to again express to Gen-
eral Grant the honor felt by the Chinese government at
having received this visit. He made special inquiries as to
when the General would leave, the hour of his departure,
the ways and periods of his journey. He asked whether
there was anything wanting to complete the happiness of

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
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the General, or show the honor in which he had been held
by China. In taking his leave, he wished to drink espe-
cially the health of General Grant, to wish him a prosper-
ous voyage, and long and honorable years on his return
home. This sentiment the General returned, and, rising,
led the way to the door, where the chair of the Prince and
the bearers were in waiting. The other Ministers accom-
panied the Prince, and, on taking leave, saluted the Gen-
eral in the ceremonious Chinese style. The Prince entered
his chair, and was snatched up and carried away by his
bearers, the guard hurriedly mounting and riding after.
General Grant and party returned to Tientsin by boat,
and immediately upon his landing received a message from
the Viceroy that he was on his way to call. The General
received the Viceroy at the house of Consul Denny. After
a warm welcome, together they passed into an inner room
and received tea and sweetmeats in Chinese fashion. The
Viceroy had received instructions from the Prince Regent
to continue the conversation with General Grant on the
matter of the issue with Japan. After a long and intensely
interesting conversation, and a thorough analysis of the
matters at issue, the Viceroy pressed every point to influence
the General to act as mediator, laying special stress upon
the name and influence of General Grant. The General
thought it was a diplomatic question, and could be settled.
through the good offices of ministers of other nations.
The Viceroy claimed that it was not a diplomatic question,
as Japan had refused to notice any communication from
China; consequently there was no chance of reaching a
solution by the ordinary methods of diplomacy. How can
you talk to ministers and governments about matters which
they will not discuss? But when a man like General Grant
comes to China and Japan, he comes with an authority
which gives him power to make peace. In the interest of
peace, China asks the General to interest himself. China
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
..
cannot consent to the position Japan has taken. On that
point there is no indecision in the councils of the govern-
ment. The Viceroy had no fear of Japan or of the con-
sequences of any conflict which Japan would force upon
China.
General Grant said his hope and belief were that the
difficulty would end peacefully and honorably. He appre-
ciated the compliment paid him by the Chinese govern-
ment. The Viceroy and Prince Kung overrated his power
but not his wish, to preserve peace, and especially to prevent
such a deplorable thing as a war between China and Japan.
When he reached Japan he would confer with Mr. Bing-
ham and see how the matter stood. He would study the
Japanese case as carefully as he proposed studying the
Chinese case. He would, if possible, confer with the Jap-
anese authorities. What his opinion would be when he
heard both sides he could not anticipate. If the question
took such a shape that, with advantage to the cause of peace
and without interfering with the wishes of his own gov-
ernment, he could advise or aid in a solution, he would be
happy, and, as he remarked to Prince Kung, this happiness.
would not be diminished if in doing so his action did not
disappoint the Chinese government. So came to an end.
an interesting and extraordinary conversation.
Pleasant, notably, were General Grant and party's rela-
tions with the great Viceroy, whose kindness seemed to
grow with every hour, and to tax itself for new forms in
which to form expression. Li-Hung Chang's reception of
General Grant was as notable an event in the utter setting
aside of precedents and traditions as can be found in the
recent history of China. It required a great man, who
could afford to be progressive and independent, to do it.
There was probably nothing more notable than the en-
tertainment given to Mrs. Grant by the wife of the Vice-
roy, on the last night of the General's stay in Tientsin.
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465
The principal European ladies in the colony were invited.
Some of these ladies had lived in Tientsin for years, and
had never seen the wife of the Viceroy-had never seen
him except through the blinds of the window of his chair.
The announcement that the Viceroy had really invited
Mrs. Grant to meet his wife, and European ladies to be in
the company, was even a more transcendent event than the
presence of General Grant. Society rang with a discus-
sion of the question which, since Mother Eve introduced it
to the attention of her husband, has been the absorbing
theme of civilization what shall we wear? The ques-
tion was finally decided in favor of the resources of civiliza-
tion. The ladies went in all the glory of French fashion
and taste. They came back from the viceregal din-
ner at about eleven at night, and General Grant and party
went immediately on board the Ashuelot. Here the fare-
wells to kind friends were spoken, and it was with sincere
regret that they said farewell. The Viceroy had sent word
that he would not take his leave of General Grant until he
was on the border of his dominions and out at sea. He
had gone on ahead in his yacht, and, with a fleet of gun-
boats, would await the General at the mouth of the river,
and accompany him on board the Richmond. Orders had
been given that the forts should fire salutes, and that the
troops should parade, and the vessels dress with flags.
About eleven o'clock in the morning the Ashuelot came
up with the viceregal fleet, at anchor under the guns of
the Waku forts. As they passed, every vessel manned.
yards, and all their guns and the guns of the fort thundered
a farewell. Three miles out the Richmond was sighted,
and the Ashuelot steamed direct toward her, and in a short
time the Ashuelot swung around amid the thunder of the
guns of the Richmond. At noon the General passed over
the sides of the Richmond, and was received by another
466
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
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1
salute. After the General had been received, the ship's
barge was sent to the Viceroy's boat, and in a few min-
utes returned with Li-Hung Chang. General Grant re-
ceived the Viceroy, and again the yards were manned, and
a salute of nineteen guns was fired.
The Viceroy and his suite were shown into the cabin.
Tea was served, and, Li-Hung Chang having expressed a
desire to see the vessel, he was taken into every part, gave
its whole arrangement, and especially the guns, a minute
inspection. This lasted for an hour, and the Viceroy re-
turned to the cabin to take his leave. He seemed loath to
go, and remained in conversation for some time. General
Grant expressed his deep sense of the honor which had
been done him, his pleasure at having met the Viceroy.
He urged the Viceroy to make a visit to the United States,
and in a few earnest phrases repeated his hope that the
statesmen of China would persevere in a policy which
brought them nearer to our civilization. The Viceroy was
friendly, almost affectionate. He hoped that General
Grant would not forget him; that he would like to meet
the General now and then, and if China needed the Gen-
eral's counsel he would send it. He feared he could not
visit foreign lands, and regretted that he had not done so
in earlier years. He spoke of the friendship of the United
States as dear to China, and again commended to the Gen-
eral and the American people the Chinese who had gone
to America. It made his heart sore to hear of their ill
usage, and he depended upon the justice and honor of our
government for their protection. He again alluded to the
Loochoo question with Japan, and begged General Grant
would speak to the Japanese Emperor, and in securing jus-
tice remove a cloud from Asia which threw an ominous
shadow over the East. The General bade the Viceroy fare-
well, and said he would not forget what had been said, and

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
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467
"
that he would always think of the Viceroy with friendship
and esteem. So they parted, Li-Hung Chang departing
amid the roar of our cannon and the manning of the
yards, while the Richmond slowly pushed her prow into
the rippling waves and steamed along to Japan
:
:
'
·
CHAPTER XXXV.
GENERAL GRANT IN JAPAN.
General Grant and party arrived at Nagasaki on June
21, on the United States steamer Richmond, accompanied
by the Ashuelot, the latter bringing Judge Denny, Consul
at Tientsin, and other friends from China. There was no
formal demonstration by foreign residents, further than an
address of welcome by the committee of thirteen, chosen
to represent all alien nationalities. Frequent entertainments
were given by the Japanese.
The Governor of the province gave a state dinner on
the evening of the 23d of June, served in French fashion;
one that in its details would have done no discredit to the
restaurants in Paris. To this dinner the Governor asked
Captain Benham, of the Richmond; Commander Johnson,
of the Ashuelot, and Lieutenant-Commander Clarke. At
the close, His Excellency Utsumi Tadakatsu arose and
said:
"GENERAL GRANT AND GENTLEMEN: After a two.
years' tour through many lands, Nagasaki has been honored
by a visit from the ex-President of the United States.
Nagasaki is situated on the western shore of this Empire,
and how fortunate it is that I, in my official capacity as
Governor of Nagasaki, can greet and welcome you, sir, as
you land for the first time on the soil of Japan. Many
years ago, honored sir, I learned to appreciate your great
services, and during a visit to the United States I was filled
with an ardent desire to learn more of your illustrious deeds.


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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
471
You were then the President of the United States, and
little then did I anticipate that I should be the first Governor
to receive you in Japan. Words cannot express my feel-
ings. Nagasaki is so far from the seat of government that
I fear you cannot have matters arranged to your satisfac-
tion. It is my earnest wish that you and Mrs. Grant may
safely travel through Japan and enjoy the visit."
This address was spoken in Japanese. At its close an
interpreter, who stood behind His Excellency during its
delivery, advanced and read the above translation. When
the Governor finished, General Grant arose and said:
"YOUR EXCELLENCY, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:
You have here to-night several Americans who have the
talent of speech, and who could make an eloquent response
to the address in which my health is proposed. I have nú
such gift, and I never lamented its absence more than now,
when there is so much that I want to say about your coun-
try, your people and your progress. I have not been an
inattentive observer of that progress, and in America we
have been favored with accounts of it from my distinguished
friend, whom you all know as the friend of Japan, and
whom it was my privilege to send as Minister — I mean
Judge Bingham. The spirit which has actuated the mis-
sion of Judge Bingham-the spirit of sympathy, support
and conciliation-not only expressed my own sentiments,
but those of America. America has much to gain in the
East no nation has greater interests - but America has
nothing to gain except what comes from the cheerful ac-
quiescence of the Eastern people, and insures them as
much benefit as it does us. I should be ashamed of my
country if its relations with other nations, and especially
with these ancient and most interesting empires in the East,
were based upon any other idea. We have rejoiced over
your progress. We have watched you step by step. We
have followed the unfolding of your old civilization, and its
472
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
absorbing the new. You have had our profound sympathy in
that work, our sympathy in the troubles which came with it,
and our friendship. I hope that it may continue — that it
may long continue. As I have said, America has great
interests in the East. She is your next neighbor. She is
more affected by the Eastern populations than any other
power. She can never be insensible to what is doing here.
Whatever her influence may be, I am proud to think that
it has always been exerted in behalf of justice and kindness.
No nation needs from the outside powers justice and kind-
ness more than Japan, because the work that has made
such marvelous progress in the past few years is a work
in which we are deeply concerned, in the success of which
we see a new era in civilization, and which we should en-
courage. I do not know, gentlemen, that I can say anything
more than this in response to the kind words of the Gov-
ernor. Judge Bingham can speak with much more elo-
quence and much more authority as our Minister. But I
could not allow the occasion to pass without saying how
deeply I sympathized with Japan in her efforts to advance,
and how much those efforts were appreciated in America.
In that spirit I ask you to unite with me in a sentiment:
The prosperity and the independence of Japan.""
General Grant, a few minutes later, arose and said that
he wished to propose another toast—a personal one - the
drinking of which would be a great pleasure to him. This
was the health of Judge Bingham, the American Minister
to Japan. He had appointed the Judge Minister, and he
was glad to know that the confidence expressed in that
appointment had been confirmed by the admiration and
respect of the Japanese people. When a Minister serves
his own country as well as Judge Bingham has served
America, and in doing so wins the esteem of the authori-
ties and the people to whom he is accredited, he has
achieved the highest success in diplomacy.

TOUR AROUND THE WORld.
473
Mr. Yoshida, the Japanese Minister, arose and asked
leave to add his high appreciation of Mr. Bingham, and the
value which had been placed on his friendship to Japan by
the government. He was proud to bear public tribute to
Mr. Bingham's sincerity and friendliness, and to join in
drinking his health.
Judge Bingham, in response to the sentiments of per-
sonal regard offered by Mr. Yoshida, acknowledged the
courtesy to himself, and said that he had come hither to
join the official representatives of His Majesty the Em-
peror, and also the people of Nagasaki in fitting testimo-
nials of respect to General Grant, the friend of the United
States of America, and the friend of Japan. He had come
to Japan as Minister, bearing the commission issued by the
distinguished guest of the evening. It had been his en-
deavor to faithfully discharge his duties, and in such man-
ner as would strengthen the friendship between the two
countries, and promote the commercial interests of both.
He knew that in so acting he reflected the wishes of the
illustrious man who is the guest of the Empire, and the
wishes also of the President and people of the United
States. "The Government of my country," said Mr.
Bingham, "has, by a recent treaty with Japan, manifested
its desire that justice may be done, by according to Japan.
her right to regulate her own commercial affairs, and to do
justice is the highest duty, as it is the highest interest, of
civil government."
On June 24, General Grant was banqueted by the citi
zens in the style of the daimios, the feudal lords of Japan.
The place selected was the old temple in the heart of the
city. The party numbered about twenty, including Gen-
eral Grant and party, Consul Mangum and family, and
Consul Denny and family. The Herald correspondent ac-
companying General Grant speaks of this dinner as follows:
"The dinner was served on small tables, each guest
474
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
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:
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:
having a table to himself. The merchants of the city
waited on their guests, and with them a swarm of attend-
ants wearing the costumes of Japan. The bill of fare was
almost a volume, and embraced over fifty courses. The
wine was served in unglazed porcelain wine cups, on white
wooden stands. The appetite was pampered in the begin-
ning with dried fish, edible seaweeds and isinglass, in some-
thing of the Scandinavian style, except that the attempt did
not take the form of brandy and raw fish. The first serious
dish was composed of crane, seaweed, moss, rice bread and
potatoes, which we picked over in a curious way, as though
we were at an auction sale of remnants, anxious to rummage
out a bargain. The soup, when it first came—for it came
many times-was an honest soup of fish, like a delicate
fish chowder. Then came strange dishes, as ragout and as
soup, in bewildering confusion. The first was called
namasu, and embodied fish, clams, chestnuts, rock mush-
rooms and ginger. Then, in various combinations, the fol-
lowing: duck, truffles, turnips, dried bonito, melons, pressed
salt, aromatic shrubs, snipe, egg plant, jelly, boiled rice,
snapper, shrimp, potatos, mushroom, cabbage, lassfish,
orange flowers, powdered fish, flavored with plum juice
and walnuts, raw carp sliced, mashed fish, baked fish, isin-
glass, fish boiled with pickled beans, wine, and rice again.
This all came in the first course, and as a finale to the
course there was a sweetmeat composed of white and red
bean jelly cake, and boiled black mushroom. With this
came powdered tea, which had a green, monitory look,
and suggested your earliest experience in medicine. When
the first pause came in the dinner, two of the merchant
hosts advanced toward General Grant and read the follow-
ing address:-
"GENERAL U. S. GRANT: In the name of the citizens
of Nagasaki we offer you a sincere welcome to this small
town. We feel greatly honored by your visit to Nagasaki,
;

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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
477
and still more so by your becoming our guest this evening..
Any outward signs of respect and hospitality we offer you
are but a fraction of our kindly feelings toward you,
and are quite inadequate to express the great admiration
we have for you. On your return to your own great
country, after having visited this Eastern Empire, we trust
you will carry with you pleasant reminiscences and friendly
feelings toward our country and people. We wish you.
a successful career and a long life and health to enjoy the
illustrious name and position you have made for yourself..
The dinner at which you have honored us with your com-
pany is given in this country to convey from the hosts.
their well wishes and the friendship they feel toward their
honorable guest; and in the hope that a long and sincere
intimacy may be promoted between our guest and those we
have the honor to represent to-night, we have offered you.
this poor entertainment.
"We have the honor to be, with much respect, your
most obedient servants,
"AWOKI KINHICHIRO,
"MATSUDA GONGORO.
"'June 24, 1879.'
"General Grant arose, and said:
"GENTLEMEN: I am highly honored by your address,
and also by this sumptuous entertainment. I have enjoyed
exceedingly my visit to Japan, and appreciate more than I
can say the kindness that has been shown me by all per-
sons. But I have enjoyed nothing more than this, because
it comes from the citizens of Nagasaki, and is entirely unof
ficial. That I take as an especial compliment, coming as it
does from the people and not the government. For while
I am deeply gratified for all that your government is doing
to render my trip here agreeable and instructive, I have a
peculiar pleasure in meeting those who are not in author-
ity, who are the citizens of a country. I shall take away
478
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
•
2
,
from Nagasaki the most grateful remembrances of your
hospitality and the most pleasant recollections of the
beauty of the place. Again accept my sincere thanks for
your kindness.'
"When the second course was finished - the course that
came to an end in powdered tea and sweetmeats, composed
of white and red bean jelly cake and boiled black mush-
.room there was an interval. All arose from the table
and sauntered about on the graveled walk, and looked down
upon the bay and the enfolding hills. One never tires of
a scene like Nagasaki; everything is so ripe and rich and
old. Time has done so much for the venerable town, the
eddies of a new civilization are rushing in upon Nagasaki.
The town has undergone vast changes since the day when
Dutch merchants were kept in a reservation more secluded
than we have ever kept our Indians; when Xavier and his
disciples threaded those narrow streets preaching the salva-
tion that comes through the blood of Jesus; when Chris-
tians were driven at the point of the spear to yon beetling
cliff and tumbled into the sea. These are momentous events
in the history of Japan. They were merely incidents in
the history of Nagasaki. The ancient town has lived on
sleepily, embodying and absorbing the features of Eastern
civilization, unchanged and unchanging, its beauty expres-
sive because it is a beauty of its own, untinted by Euro-
peans. We have old towns in the European world. We
even speak as if we had a past in fresh America. But
what impresses you in these aspects of Eastern develop-
ment is their antiquity, before which the most ancient of
our towns are but as yesterday. The spirit of ages breathes.
over Nagasaki, and you cease to think of chronology and
see only the deep, rich tones which time has given and
which time alone can give.
"But while we could well spend our evening strolling
over this graveled walk and leaning over the quaint brick
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
479
!
i
wall and studying the varied and ever changing scene that
sweeps beneath us, we must not forget our entertainment.
On returning to the dining-room, we find that the serv-
ants have brought in the candles. Before each table is a
pedestal, on which a candle burns, and the old temple lights
up with a new splendor. To add to this splendor the walls.
have been draped with heavy silks, embroidered with gold
and silver, with quaint and curious legends in the history
of Japan. The merchants enter again, bearing meats.
Advancing to the centre of the room, and to the Gen-
eral, they kneel and press their foreheads to the floor.
With this demure courtesy the course begins. Other
attendants enter, and place on each table the lacquer bowls
and dishes. Instead of covering the tables with a variety
of food, and tempting you with auxiliary dishes of water-
melon seeds and almond kernels, as in China, the Japanese
give you a small variety at a time. Our amiable friend,
the Japanese Minister, warned us in the beginning not to
be in a hurry, to restrain our curiosity, not to hurry our in-
vestigations into the science of a Japanese table, but to pick
and nibble and wait that there were good things coming,
which we should not be beyond the condition of enjoying.
What a comfort, for instance, a roll of bread would be, and
a glass of dry champagne! But there is no bread and no
wine, and our only drink is the hot preparation from rice,
with its sherry flavor, which is poured out of a teapot into
shallow lacquer saucers, and which you sip, not without
relish, although it has no place in any beverage known to
your experience. We are dining, however, in strict Jap-
anese fashion, just as the old daimios did, and our hosts are
too good artists to spoil a feast with champagne. Then it
has been going on for hours, and when you have reached
the fourth hour of a dinner, even a temperance dinner, with
nothing more serious than a hot, insipid, sherry-like rice
drink, you have passed beyond the critical and curious into

480
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
the resigned condition. If we had only been governed by
the Minister, we might have enjoyed this soup, which comes
first in the course, and, as you lift the lacquered top, you
know to be hot and fragrant. It is a soup composed of
carp and mushroom and aromatic shrub. Another dish is
a prepared fish that looks like a confection of cocoanut, but
which you see to be fish as you prod it with your chop-
sticks. This is composed of the red snapper fish, and is
served in red and white alternate squares. It looks well,
but you pass it by, as well as another dish that is more
poetic, at least, for it is a preparation of the skylark, wheat-
flour cake and gourd. We are not offended by the next
soup, which comes hot and smoking, a soup of buckwheat
and egg-plant. The egg-plant always seemed to be a vul-
gar, pretentious plant, that might do for the trough, but
was never intended for the dignity of the table. But buck-
wheat in a soup is unfitting, and, allied with the egg plant,
is a degradation, and no sense of curious inquiry of investi-
gation can tolerate so grave a violation of the harmony of
the table. You push your soup to the end of the table
and nip off the end of a fresh cigar, and look out upon the
town, over which the dominant universe has thrown the
star-sprinkled mantle of night, and follow the lines of light
that mark the welcome we are enjoying, and trace the
ascending rockets as they shoot up from the hillside to
break into masses of dazzling fire and illuminate the
heavens for a moment in a rhapsody of blue and scarlet
and green and silver and gold.
"If you have faith, you will enter bravely into the dish
that your silk-draped attendant now places before you, and
as he does bows to the level of the table and slides away.
This is called oh-hira. The base of this dish is panyu.
Panyu is a sea fish. The panyu in itself would be a dish,
but in addition we have a fungus, the roots of the lily and
the stems of the pumpkin.
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
481
"While our hosts are passing around the strange dishes
a signal is made, and the musicians enter. They are maid-
ens with fair, pale faces, and small, dark, serious eyes. You
are pleased to see that their teeth have not been blackened,
as was the custom in past days, and is even now almost a
prevalent custom among the lower classes. We are told
that the maidens who have come to grace our feast are not
of the common singing class, but the daughters of the mer-
chants and leading citizens of Nagasaki. The first group is
composed of three. They enter, sit down on the floor, and
bow their heads in salutation. One of the instruments is
shaped like a guitar, another is something between a banjo
and a drum. They wear the costume of the country, the
costume that was known before the new days came upon
Japan. They have blue silk gowns, white collars, and
heavily brocaded pearl-colored sashes. The principal in-
strument was long and narrow, shaped like a coffin lid,
and sounding like a harpsichord. After they had played
an overture, another group entered, fourteen maidens simi-
larly dressed, each carrying the small banjo-like instru-
ment, and ranging themselves on a bench against the wall,
the tapestry and silks suspended over them. Then the
genius of the artist was apparent, and the rich depending
tapestry, blended with the blue and white and pearl, and
animated with the faces of the maidens, their music and
their songs, made a picture of Japanese life which an artist
might regard with envy. You see then the delicate features.
of Japanese decoration which have bewitched our artist
friends, and which the most adroit fingers in vain try to
copy. When the musicians enter, the song begins. It is
an original composition. The theme is the glory of America
and honor to General Grant. They sing of the joy that
his coming has given to Japan; of the interest and the pride
they take in his fame; of their friendship for their friends
across the great sea. This is all sung in Japanese, and we
482
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
And
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follow the lines through the mediation of a Japanese friend
who learned his English in America. This anthem was
chanted in a low, almost monotonous key, one singer lead-
ing in a kind of solo, and the remainder coming in with
a chorus. The song ended, twelve dancing maidens enter.
They wore a crimson-like overgarment fashioned like
pantaloons a foot or so too long - so that when they
walked it was with a dainty pace, lest they might trip and
fall. The director of this group was constantly on his
hands and knees, creeping around among the dancers,
keeping their drapery in order, not allowing it to bundle
up and vex the play. These maidens carried bouquets of
pink blossoms, artificially made, examples of the flora of
Japan. They stepped through the dance at as slow a
measure as in a minuet of Louis XIV. The movement of
the dance was simple, and the music a humming, thrum-
ming, as though the performers were tuning their instru-
ments. After passing through a few measures the dancers
slowly filed out, and were followed by another group, who
came wearing masks-the mask in the form of a large
doll's face and bearing children's rattles and fans. The
peculiarity of this dance was that time was kept by the
movement of the fan-a graceful, expressive movement,
which only the Eastern people have learned to bestow on
the fan. With them the fan becomes almost an organ of
speech, and the eye is employed in its management at the
expense of the admiration we are apt at home to bestow
on other features of the amusement. The masks indicated
that this was a humorous dance, and when it was over four
special performers, who had unusual skill, came in with
flowers, and danced a pantomime. Then came four others,
with costumes different — blue robes, trimmed with gold
who carried long, thin wands, entwined in gold and red,
from which dangled festoons of pink blossoms.
"All this time the music hummed and thrummed. To
G
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
483
vary the show, we had even a more grotesque amusement.
First came eight children, who could scarcely do more than
toddle. They were dressed in white, embroidered in green
and red, wearing purple caps formed like the Phrygian
liberty cap, and dangling on the shoulders. They came
into the temple enclosure and danced on the graveled walk,
while two, wearing an imitation of a dragon's skin, went
through a dance and various contortions, supposed to be a
dragon at play. This reminded us of the pantomime ele-
phant, where one performer plays the front and another
the hind legs. In the case of our Japanese dragon the legs
were obvious, and the performers seemed indisposed even
to respect the illusion. It was explained that it was an
ancient village dance, one of the oldest in Japan, and that on
festive occasions, when the harvests are ripe or when some
legend or feat of heroism is to be commemorated, they assem-
ble and dance it. It was a trifling, innocent dance, and you
felt as you looked at it, and, indeed, at all the features of our
most unique entertainment, that there was a good deal of
nursery imagination in Japanese fetes and games. A more
striking feature were the decorations which came with the
second course of our feast. First came servants, bearing
two trees, one of the pine the other of the plum. The
plum tree was in full blossom. One of these was set on a
small table in front of Mrs. Grant, the other in front of the
General. Another decoration was a cherry tree, surmount-
ing a large basin, in which were living carp fish. The carp
has an important position in the legends of Japan. It is
the emblem of ambition and resolution. This quality was
shown in another decoration, representing a waterfall, with
carp climbing against the stream. The tendency of the
carp to dash against rocks and climb waterfalls, which
should indicate a lower order of intellect and perverted judg-
ment, is supposed to show the traits of the ambitious man.
"The soups disappear. You see we have only had seven
+
Pa
484
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
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C
distinct soups served at intervals, and so cunningly pre-
pared that you are convinced that in the ancient days of
Japanese splendor soup had a dignity which it has lost.
"With the departure of the soups our dinner becomes
fantastic. Perhaps the old daimios knew that by the time
their guests had eaten of seven soups and twenty courses
in addition, and drank of innumerable dishes of rice liquor,
they were in a condition to require a daring flight of genius.
"The music is in full flow, and the lights of the town
grow brighter with the shades of darkening night, and
some of the company have long since taken refuge from
the dinner in cigars, and over the low brick wall and in
the recesses of the temple grounds crowds begin to cluster
and form, and below, at the foot of the steps, the crowd
grows larger and larger, and you hear the buzz of the
throng and the clinking of the lanterns of the chair bearers,
for the whole town was in festive mood, and high up in our
open temple on the hillside we have become a show for the
town. Well, that is only a small return for the measure-
less hospitality we have enjoyed, and, if we can gratify an
innocent curiosity, let us think of so much pleasure given
in our way through the world. It is such a relief to know
that we have passed beyond any comprehension of our din-
ner, which we look at as so many conceptions and prepara-
tions— curious contrivances, which we study out as though
they were riddles or problems adjusted for our entertain-
ment. The dining quality vanished with that eccentric
of lassfish and orange flowers.
soup
With the General it
went much earlier. It must be said that for the General
the table has few charms, and, long before we began on
the skylarks and buckwheat degraded by the egg plant, he
for whom this feast is given had taken refuge in a cigar,
and contented himself with looking upon the beauty of
the town and bay and cliff, allowing the dinner to flow
along. You will observe, if you have followed the narra-
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
485
tive of our feast, that meat plays a small and fish a large part
in a daimios dinner-fish and the products of the forest and
field. The red snapper has the place of honor, and,
although we have had the snapper in five different shapes --
as a soup, as a ragout flavored with cabbage, broiled with
pickled beans, and hashed-here he comes again, baked,
decorated with ribbons, with every scale in place, folded in a
bamboo basket.
"As a final course, we had pears prepared with horse
radish, a cake of wheat flour and powdered ice. The din-
ner came to a close after a struggle of six or seven hours,
and as we drove home through the illuminated town, bril-
liant with lanterns and fireworks and arches and bonfires,
it was felt that we had been honored by an entertainment
such as we may never again expect to see.”
After having spent several days in this old town and its
vicinity, the General and party bid adieu to the many
friends and acquaintances, and embarked for Yokohama,
where he was received with great and enthusiastic demon-
strations. After a short reception to the princes, Ministers
and high officials of the Japanese government, the General
and party were driven to the railroad station, and at two
o'clock the train entered the station at Tokio. An im-
mense crowd was in waiting. As the General descended
from the train, a committee of citizens advanced and asked
to read an address. The following was then read in Japan-
ese, by Mr. Fukuchi, and in English by Dr. McCartee:
"SIR: On behalf of the people of Tokio, we beg to
congratulate you on your safe arrival. How you crushed
a rebellion, and afterward ruled a nation in peace and right-
eousness, is known over the whole world, and there is not
a man in Japan who does not admire your high character
and illustrious career. Although the great Pacific Ocean
stretches for thousands of miles between your country and
ours, your people are our next neighbors in the East, and,
ត
mag 22. J. 1992
486
GENERAL U. s. GRANT'S
as it was chiefly through your initiative that we entered
upon those relations and that commerce with foreigners
which have now attained such a flourishing condition, our
countrymen have always cherished a good feeling for your
people, and look upon them more than on any other for-
eign nation as their true friends. Moreover, it was during
the happy times of your Presidency that the two countries
became more closely acquainted and connected, and almost
every improvement that has been made in our country may
be traced to the example and lessons received from yours.
For years past, not only our Minister, but any one of our
countrymen who went to your country, was received with
hospitality and courtesy. It is, therefore, impossible that
our countrymen should now forbear from giving expression
to their gratification and gratitude.
"Your visit to our shores is one of those rare events
that happen once in a thousand years. The citizens of
Tokio consider it a great honor that they have been afforded
the opportunity of receiving you as their guest, and they
cherish the hope that this event will still more cement the
friendship between the two nations in the future We e now
offer you a hearty and respectful welcome.
"THE TOKIO RECEPTION COMMITTEE.
"The 3d July, 1879.”
General Grant said:
"GENTLEMEN: I am very much obliged for this kind
reception, and especially for your address. It affords me
great pleasure to visit Tokio. I had been some days in
Japan, having seen several points of interest in the interior
and on the inland sea. I have been gratified to witness the
prosperity and advancement of which I had heard so
much, and in which my countrymen have taken so deep an
interest. I am pleased to hear your kind expressions toward
the United States. We have no sentiment there that is not
friendly to Japan, that does not wish her prosperity and
TOUR AROUND THE WOrld.
487
independence, and a continuance on her part of her noble
policy. The knowledge that your country is prosperous and
advancing is most gratifying to the people of the United
States. It is my sincere wish that this friendship may
never be broken. For this kind welcome to the capital of
Japan I am again very much obliged.”
General Grant's home in Tokio was at the palace of
Enriokwan, only a few minutes' ride from the railroad sta-
tion. This palace was one of the homes of the Tycoon; it
now belongs to the Emperor. If one's ideas of palaces are
European, or even American, he will be disappointed with
Enriokwan. One somehow associates a palace with state,
splendor, a profusion of color and decoration, with upholstery
and marble. There was nothing of this in Enriokwan.
The approach to the grounds was by a dusty road that ran
by the side of a canal. The canal was sometimes in an
oozing condition, and boats were held in the mud. There
is a good deal of ceremony in Enriokwan, with the constant
coming and going of great people, and no sound is more
familiar than the sound of the bugle. Passing a guard
house and going down a pebbled way to a low, one-story
building with wings, the palace of Enriokwan is reached.
Over the door is the chrysanthemum, the Emperor's special
flower. The main building is a series of reception rooms,
in various styles of decoration, notably Japanese. There
are eight different rooms in all. General Grant used the
small room to the left of the hall. On ceremonial occasions
he used the main saloon, which extended one-half the length
of the palace. Here a hundred people could be entertained
with ease. This room was a beautiful specimen of Japanese
decorative art, and the General never became so familiar with
it that there were not constant surprises in the way of color
or form or design. Each of these rooms was decorated dif-
ferently from the others. The apartments of General Grant
and party were in one wing, the dining-room, billiard room
.
·
488
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
·
and apartments of the Japanese officials in attendance in
another wing. Around the palace was a verandah, with
growing flowers in profusion and swinging lanterns. The
beauty of the palace was not in its architecture, which was
plain and inexpressive, but in the taste which marked the
most minute detail of decoration, and in the arrangement
of the grounds.
Enriokwan is an island. On one side is a canal and
embanked walls, on the other side the ocean. Although
in an ancient and populous city, surrounded by a teeming,
busy metropolis, one feels as he passes into Enriokwan that
he is as secure as in a fortress and as secluded as in a
forest. The grounds are large, and remarkable for the
beauty and finish of the landscape gardening. In the art
of gardening Japan excels the world, and the visitors had
seen no more attractive specimen than the grounds of
Enriokwan. Roads, flower beds, lakes, bridges, artificial
mounds, creeks overhung with sedgy overgrowths, lawns,
boats, bowers over which vines are trailing, summer houses,
all combine to give comfort to Enriokwan. Sitting on
this verandah, under the columns where the General sat
every evening, he could look out upon a ripe and perfect
landscape, dowered with green. If they walked into the
grounds a few minutes they passed a gate—an inner gate,
which was locked at night-and came to a lake, on the
banks of which is a Japanese summer house. The lake is
artificial, and fed from the sea. They crossed a bridge and
came to another summer house. Here were two boats tied
up, with the imperial chrysanthemum emblazoned on their
bows. These are the private boats of the Emperor, and if
they care for a pull they can row across and lose themselves
in one of the creeks. They ascend a grassy mound, however,
not more than forty feet high. Steps are cut in the side of
the mound, and as they reach the summit they see beneath
them the waves and before them the ocean.
The sea at
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this point forms a bay. When the tides are down and the
waves are calm, fishermen are seen wading about, seeking
shells and shellfish. When the tides are up, the boats sail
near the shore, and sometimes as one is strolling under the
trees he can look up and see through the foliage a sail float
past him, firm and steady and bending to the breeze.
The summer houses by the lake are worthy of study.
Japan has taught the world the beauty of clean, fine grained
natural wood, and the fallacy of glass and paint. Nothing
could be more simple, at the same time more tasteful, than
these summer houses. It is one room, with grooves for a
partition if two rooms should be needed. The floor is cov
ered with a fine, closely woven mat of bamboo strips. Over
the mat is thrown a rug, in which black and brown pre--
dominate. The walls looking out to the lake are a series
of frames that can be taken out-lattice work of small
squares, covered with paper. The ceiling is plain, unvar-
nished wood. There are a few shelves, with vases, blue:
and white pottery, containing growing plants and flowers..
There are two tables, and their only furniture a large box:
of gilded lacquer, for stationery, and a smaller one, con-
taining cigars. These boxes are of exquisite workmanship,
and the gold crysanthemum indicates the imperial owner-
ship. This was a type of all the houses that were seen in
the palace grounds, not only at Enriokwan, but elsewhere
in Japan. It shows taste and economy. Everything about:
it was wholesome and clean, the workmanship true and
minute, with no tawdry appliances to distract or offend the
eye.
The General's life in Enriokwan was very quiet. The
weather had been such that going out during the day was
a discomfort. During the day there were ceremonies, calls
from Japanese and foreign officials, papers to read, visits to .
make. If the evening was free, the General had a dinner ·
party-sometimes small, sometimes large. One night it
490
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
•
..
was the royal Princes, the next the Prime Ministers, on
other evenings other Japanese of rank and station. Some-
times he had Admiral Patterson or officers from the fleet.
Sometimes Mr. Bingham and his family. Governor Hen-
nessy, the British Governor of Hong Kong, was there dur-
ing a part of his stay. General Grant was the guest of the
Governor during his residence in Hong Kong, and formed
a high opinion of the Governor's genius and character.
The Governor was a frequent visitor at Enriokwan, and no
Prince Dati, Mr.
Iman was more welcome to the General.
Yoshida, and some other Japanese officials, live at Enriok-
wan, and formed a part of the General's family. They rep-
resented the Emperor, and remained with the General to
serve him, and make his stay as pleasant as possible.
Nothing could be more considerate or courteous or hos-
pitable than the kindness of their Japanese friends. Some-
times they had merchants from the bazaars, with all kinds
of curious and useful things to sell. But when Mr. Borie
went home, the reputation of General Grant's party as pur-
chasers of curious things fell. Sometimes a fancy for curi-
riosities took possession of some of the party, and the result
·was an afternoon's prowl about the shops in Tokio, and
the purchase of a sword or a spear, or a bow and arrows.
The bazaars of Tokio teemed with beautiful works of art,
and the temptation to go back laden with achievements in
porcelain and lacquer was too great to be resisted, unless
; their will was under the control of material influences too
sordid to be dwelt upon.
i
On July 8, three Princes and Princesses called at the
palace and escorted General and Mrs. Grant to one of the
Ministers, where a native dance was performed for their
amusement. In the evening the grand reception, for which
great preparations had been made, came off at the College
of Engineering. It was the first of three great entertain-
ments intended to be given the General in Tokio, for which

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
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:
:
is
I
thirty thousand yen had been subscribed. The weather
during the afternoon had been threatening, but, though a
few drops of rain fell, there was not sufficient to interfere
with the brilliant display of Japanese lamps with which
the roadway from the Enriokwan to the college, and the
compound of the college, was illuminated. In the com-
pound there were six thousand lamps of variegated colors,
the majority having the national flags of Japan and. America
painted on them. At the entrance to the main hall was an
arch, composed entirely of lanterns, which was a mag-
nificent spectacle. The letters "U. S. G.," in green foliage,
were suspended in the centre, and the flags of Japan and
America, joined together, reached from one side to the
other. From the branches of every tree and shrub in the
grounds hung lanterns, presenting a most unique and pic-
turesque appearance. The hall in which the reception took
place was a fine building, capable of holding a thousand
or more people comfortably on the ground floor, while the
extensive galleries would contain several hundred persons.
A more appropriate building for the occasion could not
have been found in Tokio. The writing-room was com-
modious and well filled with excellent seats, but rather
poorly lighted. It would have been a great improvement
if some lamps had been fixed on the walls, and thus have
enabled visitors to distinguish their friends easily. The
supper room was some distance away from the reception
hall, and in another building, and the committee had pru-
dently provided against any inclemency on the part of the
weather by erecting a temporary roof over the whole path-
way leading to it. As to the supper itself, little may be
said; there was plenty of everything and everything of the
best. Shortly after 8 o'clock the Governor of the Tokio
Fu arrived in his carriage, and on alighting courteously
saluted every individual in the waiting-room. At 9 o'clock
General Grant, Mrs. Grant, General T. B. Van Buren,


492
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
Admiral Patterson and several Japanese of distinction left
the Enriokwan and arrived at the college in a quarter of an
hour. The guest of the evening was conducted to a room
up-stairs which had been prepared for him. By this time
over a thousand guests had arrived, including princes of the
blood, Ministers of the different departments, Japanese
naval and military officers, the Foreign Ministers, officers
from the Richmond, Monongahela and Ashuelot, and many
distinguished foreigners and native citizens. Soon the
secretary of the entertainment committee cleared the way,
and soon afterward General Grant entered, leaning on the
arm of a Japanese official. Mrs. Grant was under the care
of another. The General, Mrs. Grant, Mrs. Hennessy
and Japanese Princesses were conducted to the far end of
the room, where seats were provided. On à dais at their
backs, which was prettily ornamented with flowers and
shrubs, were stationed Admiral Patterson, Captain Ben-
ham, General Van Buren and several other personages of
note. The large hall was crowded with people of all
nationalties, dressed in bright and picturesque costumes,
making as brilliant a display as any of the kind that had
ever taken place in Tokio.
For over half an hour General and Mrs. Grant stood
on their feet to shake hands with and receive the greetings
of the people of Tokio. It was warm work while it lasted.
The General with one hand returned the grasp of each per-
son as he or she passed by, and wiped the perspiration off
his brow with the other. The reception being over, a
move was made for the supper room, and, a short time
afterward, General and Mrs. Grant returned to the Enriok-
wan. Many of the guests also returned to their homes
about the same time, but others remained to enjoy them-
selves. The excellent imperial and military bands, which
had been playing in the grounds all the evening, were
brought inside and discoursed alternately. A faint attempt
+
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493
was made to get up a dance, but no spirit was displayed,
and it was not persevered with. And so this entertainment
came to an end.
On the 9th, the General was to be received in Yoko-
hama. During the forenoon General and Colonel Grant
visited the military college in Tokio, and were received by
its president. Every branch of the college was carefully
examined, and a drill by the cadets witnessed. There were
also present a large number of ministers, generals, council-
lors of state, and other officials. Three members of the
committee of entertainment of Yokohama visited the Gen-
eral at the Enriokwan, to conduct him to the evening train.
Arriving at the station about nine o'clock, they were re-
ceived by the committee and escorted to the town hall,
where the reception was held. The principal streets were
gaily decorated with lanterns bearing the American and
Japanese flags, and along one side of the street leading to
the depot were several large dashi, or festival cars, in which
native music and pantomime were performed. The town
hall was brilliantly illuminated, and the imperial naval band
in attendance gave a fine selection of music. After arriving
at the hall, General Grant held a reception, which was fol-
lowed by exhibitions of native dancing and acting. A well-
spread table supplied the inner wants of the guests. The
party returned to Tokio by a special train.
On the 10th, General and Mrs. Grant visited the female
normal school at Tokio, in company with the acting Min-
ister of Education, Mr. Tanaka, Mrs. Tanaka, and several
members of the foreign department. On arriving at the
school, they were received by the director, Mr. Nakamura,
who conducted his visitors to the room where the students
were learning their lessons. The General and Mrs. Grant
were much pleased with the arrangements, and, having
been shown over the various apartments, took their leave
and proceeded direct to the educational museum at Uveno,
:
my
3

494
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
A
where they were entertained at a banquet. On returning
to the Enriokwan, the General walked through the Uyeno
gardens.
In the afternoon, a number of the reception committee
of Yokohama visited the Enriokwan, and were received in
the drawing-room of the palace. Admiral Patterson and
staff, in full uniform, were present also. After presenting
the gentlemen of the committee, General Van Buren said:
"General Grant, the gentlemen who have just been
presented to you are representatives of the foreign com-
munity of Yokohama, a community composed of all nation-
alities, and gathered from almost every clime. They have
commissioned me to greet you in their name, and to bid
you welcome to Yokohama whenever you are prepared to
honor them with a visit. They are familiar with your his-
tory, and believe that the eminent services you have ren-
dered your country have, in some sense, been rendered to
the world at large, and are entitled to a world's recognition.
Appreciating the kind and generous hospitality extended
to you by the government and people of Japan, the foreign
residents of Yokohama desire an opportunity to meet you
in person and to express to you personally their admiration
and regard. To this end they propose to have an entertain-
ment in the form of a garden party at such time as may
suit your convenience, and they will be pleased to receive
your assent to the proposition and your acceptance of this
most cordial invitation."
General Grant replied: "I thank the foreign residents
of Yokohama most cordially for their kind invitation,
which I accept with great pleasure; but it will be impossi-
ble for me at present to fix a positive date for the enter-
tainment. On the 16th instant it is arranged that I go to the
mountains, to be gone ten days or two weeks. I expect to
be back in Tokio the later part of the month, after which,
before I leave Japan, which I now think will be on the

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
495
27th of August, I am to go north to Hakodate and vicinity.
I think it would be safe, therefore, to fix the first week in
August, or such a day as you may prefer."
The committee, after taking refreshments, were con-
ducted about the grounds, which were in excellent order.
The next day, the party at the palace remained quiet.
On the 12th, Saturday, what may be styled the “Feast of
Lanterns," took place on the Sumida river in Tokio, and
was of unusual brilliancy.
Shortly before eight o'clock, General and Mrs. Grant
and Mr. and Mrs. Yoshida in one carriage, Colonel G: ant,
General T. B. Van Buren, Lieutenant Belknap and Mr.
Young in another carriage, left the Enriokwan for the
scene of festivities. Mr. Hachiska's residence on the river
had been fitted up for the reception of the illustrious guest,
who was met by the Japanese princes, members of the
ministry, Mr. Mori, Hon. John A. Bingham, Miss Bing.
ham, Mr. and Mrs. Hennessy (the latter astonished the na
tives by appearing in Japanese costume, and, when asked
why she was so dressed, replied that it was not only con
venient to wear Japanese clothing in hot weather, but she
also wore it out of respect to Japan), and several others who
were invited. In the locality of the house were several
foreigners who had not been fortunate enough to be among
the invited, but who were glad to have the privilege of
obtaining a good view without being crushed in the
crowd.
The streets and the Riogoku-bashi were thronged with.
visitors, and it was a pretty sight when seen to advantage.
The river was ablaze with red and white lanterns, which,
together with an almost incessant display of fireworks,
formed such a brilliant spectacle as beggars description on
paper. General and Mrs. Grant were delighted. They
had never seen anything of the kind before, and the Gen-

496
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
•
eral expressed his opinion that he never expected to see
such an interesting and beautiful illumination again.
At ten o'clock Mr. Hachiska's guests partook of a sump-
tuous repast, which had been provided; shortly afterward a
terrific shower, such as occasionally bursts over this part of
Japan, almost totally extinguished the illumination. The
rain poured down in torrents, so that even passengers by
the train could not shut it out of the carriages. As for
the immense congregation of people on the bridges and in
the streets, they were drenched in a few seconds. A rush
was made for shelter, but no shelter was to be found, and
the crowd surged backward and forward in a bewildered
state for the space of half an hour. The same state of con-
fusion prevailed among the boats. The rain put nearly all
lights out, boats collided one with the other, and the shouts
of the sendoes only made "confusion worse confounded."
When the rain ceased, the majority of speculators had had
their ardor sufficiently dampened to induce them to make
for their homes, as speedily as jinrikishas could take them,
which was not very fast, certainly. Every now and then
a whole streetful of these vehicles would be blocked up,
unable to move for several minutes.
About eleven o'clock General Grant and his party
returned to the Enriokwan.
On July 4 occurred the reception by the Emperor at his
palace. The hour for the reception was two o'clock in the
afternoon. General Grant invited several of his naval
friends to accompany him. The palace of the Emperor
was a long distance from the home of the General. Their
drive led them through the damios quarter and through
the gates of the city.
The impression a foreigner gets of Tokio is that it is a
city of walls and canals. The walls are crude and solid,
surrounded by moats. In the early days of pikemen and
sword bearers, there could not have been a more effective
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
497
2
1.
defense. After crossing a dozen or more bridges in the
course of the drive to the palace of the Emperor, they ar-
rived at a modest arched gateway. Soldiers were drawn up,
and the band played "Hail Columbia." The carriages
drove on past one or two modest buildings, and drew up in
front of another modest building, on the steps of which the
Prime Minister, Iwakaura was standing. The General and
party descended, and were cordially welcomed and escorted
The home of the
up a narrow stairway into an ante-room.
Emperor was as simple as that of a country gentleman at
home. There are many country gentlemen with felicitous
investments in petroleum and silver who would disdain the
home of a prince who claims direct descent from heaven,
and whose line extends far beyond the Christian era.
What marked the house was its simplicity and taste. One
looks for splendor, for the grand at least the grandoise -
for some royal whim like the holy palace near the Escu-
rial, which cost millions, or like Versailles, whose cost is
among the eternal mysteries. Here we are in a suite of
plain rooms, the ceilings of wood, the walls decorated with
natural scenery, the furniture sufficient but not crowded,
and exquisite in style and finish. There is no pretense of
architectural emotion. The rooms are large, airy, with a
sense of summer about them, which grows stronger as seen
The
out of the window and down the avenues of trees.
General was told that the grounds are spacious and fine,
even for Japan, and that his Majesty, who rarely goes out-
side of his palace grounds, takes what recreation he needs.
within the walls.
The palace is a low building, one or at most two stories
in height. They do not build high walls in Japan, and
especially in Tokio, where earthquakes are ordinary inci-
dents, and the first question to consider in building up is
how far you can fall. The party entered a room where all
the ministers were assembled. The Japanese Cabinet is a
}

498
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
famous body, and tested by laws of physiognomy would..
compare with that of any cabinet ever seen. The Prime
Minister is a striking character. He is small, slender, with
an almost girl-like figure, delicate, clean cut, winning fea-
tures, a face that might be that of a boy of twenty or a
man of fifty. The Prime Minister reminded the visitors
of Alexander H. Stephens in his frail, slender frame, but it
bloomed with health, and lacked the sad, pathetic lines
which tell of the years of suffering which Stephens has
endured. The other Ministers looked like strong, able
men. Iwakura had a striking face, with lines showing firm-
ness and decision, and they saw the scar which marked the
attempt of the assassin to cut him down and slay him, as
Okubo, the greatest of Japanese statesmen, was slain not
many months ago. That assassination made as deep an
impression in Japan as the killing of Lincoln did in
America. The spot where the murder was done was seen
on the way to the palace, and the Japanese friend who
pointed it out spoke in low tones of sorrow and affection,
and said the crime there committed had been an irrer arable
loss to Japan.
A lord in waiting, heavily braided, with a uniform that
Louis XIV. would not have disliked in Versailles, came
came softly in, and made a signal, leading the way. The
General and Mrs. Grant, escorted by Mr. Bingham, and
their retinue, followed. The General and the Minister
were in evening dress. The naval officers were in full
uniform, Colonel Grant wearing the uniform of Lieutenant-
Colonel. They walked along a short passage and entered
another room, at the farther end of which were standing
the Emperor and Empress. Two ladies in waiting were
near them in a sitting, what appeared to be a crouching,
attitude. Two other princesses were standing. These
appeared to be the only occupants of the room. The Gen-
eral and party slowly advanced, the Japanese making a
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
499
profound obeisance, bending the head almost to a right
angle with the body. The royal princes formed in line near
the Emperor, along with the princesses. The Emperor
stood quite motionless, apparently unobservant or uncon-
scious of the homage that was paid him. He was a young
man with a slender figure, taller than the average Japan-
ese, and of about the middle height. He had a striking
face, with a mouth and lips that reminded one somewhat of
the traditional mouth of the Hapsburg family. The fore-
head was full and narrow, the hair and the light mustache
and beard intensely black. The color of the hair darkened
what otherwise might pass for a swarthy countenance at
home. The face expressed no feeling whatever, and but
for the dark, glowing eye, which was bent full upon the
General, one might have taken the Imperial group for
statues. The Empress, at his side, wore the Japanese
costume, rich and plain. Her face was very white, and her
form slender and almost childlike. Her hair was combed
plainly and braided with a gold arrow. The Emperor and
Empress had agreeable faces, the Emperor especially show-
ing firmness and kindness. The solemn etiquette that per-
vaded the audience chamber was peculiar, and might
appear strange to those familiar with the stately but cordial
manners of a European court. But one must remember
that the Emperor holds so high and so sacred a place in the
traditions, the religion, and the political system of Japan,
that even this ceremony is so far in advance of anything of
the kind ever known in Japan that it might be called a
revolution. The Emperor, for instance, as the group was
formed, advanced and shook hands with the General. This
seems a trivial thing, but such an incident was never known
in the history of Japanese majesty. Many of these details
may appear small, but our party were in the presence of an
old and romantic civilization, slowly giving way to the
fierce, feverish pressure of European ideas, and one can
500
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
dijana
only note the change in those incidents which would be
unnoticed in other lands. The incident of the Emperor of
Japan advancing toward General Grant and shaking
hands, becomes a historic event of consequence. The
manner of the Emperor was constrained, almost awkward,
the manner of a man doing a thing for the first time, and
trying to do it as well as possible. After he had shaken.
hands with the General he returned to his place, and stood
with his hand resting on his sword, looking on at the
brilliant, embroidered, gilded company, as though uncon-
scious of their presence. Mr. Bingham advanced and
bowed, and received just the faintest nod in recognition.
The other members of the party were each presented by
the Minister, and each one, standing about a dozen feet
from the Emperor, stood and bowed. Then the General
and Mrs. Grant were presented to the princesses, each
party bowing to the other in silence. The Emperor then
made a signal to one of the noblemen, who advanced.
The Emperor spoke to him a few moments in a low tone,
the nobleman standing with bowed head. When the
Emperor had finished, the nobleman advanced to the Gen-
eral, and said he was commanded by His Majesty to read
him the following address:
"Your name has been known to us for a long time, and
we are highly gratified to see you. While holding the high
office of President of the United States you extended
toward our countrymen especial kindness and courtesy.
When our ambassador, Iwakura, visited the United States,
he received the greatest kindness from you. The kindness
thus shown by you has always been remembered by us.
In your travels around the world you have reached this
country, and our people of all classes feel gratified and
happy to receive you. We trust that during your sojourn
in our country you may find much to enjoy. It gives me
sincere pleasure to receive vou, and we are especially grati
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
501
K
fied that we have been able to do so on the anniversary of
American independence. We congratulate you, also, on
the occasion."
This address was read in English. At its close, General
Grant said:
"YOUR MAJESTY: I am very grateful for the welcome
you accord me here to-day, and for the great kindness with
which I have been received, ever since I came to Japan, by
your government and your people. I recognize in this a
feeling of friendship toward my country. I can assure you
that this feeling is reciprocated by the United States; that
our people, without regard to party, take the deepest inter-
est in all that concerns Japan, and have the warmest wishes
for her welfare. I am happy to be able to express that
sentiment. America is your next neighbor, and will always
give Japan sympathy and support in her efforts to advance.
I again thank Your Majesty for your hospitality, and wish
you a long and happy reign, and for your people prosperity
and independence."
At the conclusion of this address, which was extempore,
the lord advanced and translated it to His Majesty. Then
the Emperor made a sign, and said a few words to the
nobleman. He came to the side of Mrs. Grant and said
the Empress had commanded him to translate the following
address:
"I congratulate you upon your safe arrival after your
long journey. I presume you have seen very many inter-
esting places. I fear you will find many things uncom-
fortable here, because the customs of the country are so
different from other countries. I hope you will prolong
your stay in Japan, and that the present warm days may
occasion you no inconvenience."
Mrs. Grant, pausing a moment, said in a low, conversa-
tional tone of voice, with animation and feeling:
"I thank you very much. I have visited many coun


502
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
.
7
:
tries, and have seen many beautiful places, but I have seen
none so beautiful or so charming as Japan."
The reception ceremonies over, our party returned to
their home at the palace Enriokwan.
All day during the Fourth, visitors poured in on the
General. The reception of so many distinguished states-
men and officials reminded one of state occasions at the
White House. Princes of the imperial family, princesses,
the members of the Cabinet and citizens and high officials,
naval officers, Ministers and Consuls, all came; and car-
riages were constantly coming and going. In the evening
there was a party at one of the summer gardens, given by
the American residents in honor of the Fourth of July.
The General arrived at half-past eight and was presented
to the American residents by Mr. Bingham, the Minister.
At the close of the presentation, Mr. Bingham made a brief
but singularly eloquent address. Standing in front of the
General, and speaking in a low, measured tone of voice,
scarcely above conversational pitch, the Minister, after
words of welcome, said:
"In common with all Americans, we are not unmindful
that in the supreme moment of our national trials, when
our heavens were filled with darkness, and our habitations
were filled with dead, you stood with our defenders in the
forefront of the conflict, and with them amid the consum-
ing fires of battle achieved the victory which brought
deliverance to our imperiled country. To found a great
commonwealth, or to save from overthrow a great com-
monwealth already founded, is considered to be the greatest
of human achievements. If it was not your good fortune to
aid Washington, the first of Americans and the foremost.
of men, and his peerless associates, in founding the Repub-
lic, it was given to you above all others to aid in the no
less honorable work of saving the Republic from over-
throw." Mr. Bingham continued his speech, saying:
Jike


TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
503
"Now that the sickle has fallen from the pale hand of
Death on the field of mortal combat, and the places which
but yesterday were blackened and blasted by war have
grown green and beautiful under the hand of peaceful toil;
now that the Republic, one and undivided, is covered with
the greatness of justice, protecting each by the combined
power of all, men of every land, of every tongue; the
world, appreciating the fact that your civic and military,
services largely contributed to these results, so essential not
only to the interests of our own country but to the interests
of the human race, have accorded to you such honors as
never before within the range of authentic history have
been given to a living, untitled and unofficial person. I
may venture to say that this grateful recognition of your
services will not be limited to the present generation or
the present age, but will continue through all ages. In
conclusion, I beg leave again to hid you welcome to Japan,
and to express the wish that in health and prosperity you
may return to your native land, the land which we all love
so well."
In response, General Grant said:
"LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: I am unable to answer
the eloquent speech of Judge Bingham, as it is in so many
senses personal to myself. I can only thank him for his
too flattering allusions to me personally and the duty
devolving on me during the late war. We had a great
war. We had a trial that summoned forth the energies
and patriotism of all our people—in the army alone over a
million. In awarding credit for the success that crowned
those efforts, there is not one in that million, not one among
the living or the dead, who did not do his share as I did
mine, and who does not deserve as much credit. It fell to
my lot to command the armies. There were many others
who could have commanded the armies better. But I did
my best, and we all did our best, and in the fact that it was
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
a struggle on the part of the people for the Union, for the
country, for a country for themselves and their children, we
have the best assurances of peace, and the best reasons for
gratification over the result. We are strong and free
because the people made us so. I trust we may long con-
tinue so.
I think we have no issues, no questions that need
give us embarrassment. I look forward to peace, to gene.
rations of peace, and with peace prosperity. I never felt
more confident of the future of our country. It is a great
country—a great blessing to us - and we cannot be too
proud of it, too zealous for its honor, too anxious to develop
its resources, and make it not only a home for our children,
but for the worthy people of other lands. I am glad to
meet you here, and I trust that your labors will be prosper-
ous, and that you will return home in health and happiness.
I trust we may all meet again at home, and be able to
celebrate our Fourth of July as pleasantly as we do to-
night."
Dr. McCartee, who presided, made a short address, pro-
posing as a toast, "The Day We Celebrate." To this
General Van Buren made a patriotic and ringing response,
making amusing references to Fourth of July celebrations
at home, and paying a tribute to the character and military
career of General Grant. General Van Buren's address
was loudly applauded, as were also other speeches of a pat-
riotic character. There were fireworks and feasting, and,
after the General and Mrs. Grant retired, which they did
at midnight, there was dancing. It was well on to the
morning before the members of the American colony in
Tokio grew weary of celebrating the anniversary of our
Declaration of Independence.
On the morning of July 7, General Grant reviewed the
army of Japan. Great preparations had been made to
have it in readiness, and all Tokio was out to see the
pageant. The review of the army by the Emperor in
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
505
--
itself is an event that causes a sensation. But the review
of the army by the Emperor and the General was an event
which had no precedent in the Japanese history. The
hour for the review was nine, and at half past eight the
clatter of horsemen and the sound of bugles was heard in
the palace grounds. In a few moments the Emperor's
state carriage drove up, the drivers in scarlet livery, and
the panels decorated with the imperial flower, the chrysan-
themum. General Grant entered, accompanied by Prince
Dati, and the cavalry formed a hollow square, and their
procession moved on to the field at a slow pace. A drive
of twenty minutes brought them to the parade ground, a
large open plain, the soldiers in line, and behind the soldiers
a dense mass of people-men, women and children. As
the General's procession slowly turned into the parade
ground, a group of Japanese officers rode up and saluted,
the band played "Hail Columbia," and the soldiers pre-
sented arms. Two tents had been arranged for the recep-
ception of the guests. In the larger of the two were
assembled officers of state, representatives of foreign powers,
Governor Hennessy, of Hong Kong, all in bright, glowing
uniforms. The smaller tent was for the Emperor. When
the General dismounted, he was met by the Minister of
war and escorted into the smaller tent. In a few minutes
the trumpets gave token that the Emperor was coming, and
the band played the Japanese national air. His Majesty
was in a state carriage, surrounded with horsemen and
accompanied by one of his Cabinet. As the Emperor
drove up to the tent, General Grant advanced to the car-
riage steps and shook hands with him, and they entered and
remained a few minutes in conversation.
A
At the close of the review, General Grant and party
drove off the ground in state, and were taken to the Shila
palace. This palace is near the sea, and, as the grounds
are beautiful and attractive, it was thought best that the
•

506
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
breakfast to be given to General Grant by His Majesty
should take place here. The Emperor received the Gen.
eral and party in a large, plainly furnished room, and led
the way to another room, where the table was set. The
decorations of the table were sumptuous and royal. Gen-
eral Grant sat on one side of the Emperor, whose place
was in the centre. Opposite was Mrs. Grant, who sat
next to Prince Arinagawa, the nearest relative to the Em-
peror, and the Commander-in-Chief of the army.
The
guests, in addition to the General's party, were as follows:
Her Imperial Highness Princess Aimayaura, their Impe-
rial Highnesses Prince and Princess Higashi Fushimi, Mr.
Saujo, Prime Minister; Mr. Iwakura, Junior Prime Min-
ister; Mr. Okunea, Finance Minister; Mr. Oki, Minister
of Justice; Mr. Terashima, Minister of Foreign Affairs;
Mr. Ite, Home Minister; Lieutenant-General Yamagata,
Lieutenant-General Kuroda, Minister of Colonization;
Lieutenant-General Saigo, Minister of War; Vice-Admiral
Kawamusa, Minister of Marine; Mr. Inonye, Minister of
Public Works; Mr. Tokadaifi, Minister of the Imperial
Household; Mr. Mori, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs;
Mr. Yoshida, Envoy to the United States; Mr. Sagi, Vice-
Minister of the Imperial Household; Mr. Yoshie, Chief
Chamberlain; Mr. Bojo, Master of Ceremonies; Prince
Hachisuka, Prince Dati, Mr. Insanmi Naboshima, Mr.
Bingham, and Mrs. Bingham; Ho-a-Chang, the Chinese
Minister; Mr. Mariano Alvaray, Spanish Charge d'Af-
faires; Baron Rozen, Russian Charge d'Affaires; M. de
Balloy, French Charge d'Affaires; Governor Pope Hen-
nessy, and Mrs. Hennessy.
The Emperor conversed a great deal with General
Grant through Mr. Yoshida, and also Governor Hennessy.
His Majesty expressed a desire to have a private and
friendly conference with the General, which it was ar-
ranged should take place after the General's return from
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
507
2
Nikko. The feast lasted for a couple of hours, and the
view from the table was charming. Beneath the window-
was a lake, and the banks were bordered with grass and
trees. Cool winds came from the sea, and, although in the
heart of a great capital, they were as secluded as in a forest.
At the close of the breakfast, cigars were brought, and the
company adjourned to another room. Mrs. Grant had a
long conversation with the princesses, and was charmed
with their grace, their accomplishments, their simplicity,
and their quiet, refined Oriental beauty. At three o'clock
the imperial party withdrew, and the guests drove home
to their palace by the sea.
Entertainments in honor of General Grant were con-
stantly occupying public attention. He visited the various
colleges, and pronounced the cadets of the military school
as promising a body as any seen by him in Europe. He
witnessed the annual ceremony of the opening of the
principal river of Tokio, which consisted of a brilliant night
congregation of illuminated boats, and the most successful
of all displays in his honor, a theatrical performance,
especially prepared.
On July 17, General Grant and party went to the shrine
of Iyeyasu, the founder of the great Tokugausa family, at
Nikko, a famous and sacred resort one hundred miles in.
the interior. After spending nearly three weeks, enjoying
a delightful time, the General returned to the capital, and
started on a new excursion to Kamakara, the ancient seat
of military government, and its neighborhood, and in thes
mountain range of Hakone.
General Grant returned to Tokio, August 19th. During
his stay at Tokio he was visited by the Mikado, who con-
sulted on many important points of international policy,
and to some extent of domestic policy. The confidence
and reliance manifested by the government and people
were unprecedented.
•
A
508
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
.
General Grant found himself burdened with unex-
pected questions in relation to Eastern policy. During his
visit to North China both Prince Kung and the Viceroy,
L. Hung Chang, laid before him their side of the Loochoo
controversy, asking him to use his influence with Japan
to prevent a serious misunderstanding between the two
Empires. The General is believed to have replied that
the other side would doubtless express themselves as
strongly from their standpoint when heard, and though a
rupture would be lamented by all observers, he did not see
that he had any right to interfere. The Japanese authori-
'ties, on hearing this, took great pains to prepare a docu-
mentary vindication of their claims, which was submitted
for the ex-President's inspection by the Cabinet. This
appearance of over-anxiety does not commend itself
strongly to spectators generally, Japan's supremacy over
the Loochoo Islands being so plainly defined and thor-
oughly established as to need no superfluous demonstra-
tion. But the circumstances are interesting as showing the
weight attached to General Grant's influence and the favor-
:able view taken of that gentleman by both governments.
General Grant had now reached the end of his journey
and stay in Japan. He had been nearly two months
within her Empire; had witnessed the most enthusiastic
: and the most spontaneous demonstrations of his trip, from
first to last; he had been accorded privileges such as no
other ruler or potentate had ever enjoyed.
After exchanging a series of formal visits, and a de-
lightful round of dinners, receptions and entertainments,
the General and party embarked from Yokohama on board
the steamer Tokio, September 3, for the United States.
'There were men-of-war of various nations in the harbor,
each of which manned their yards and fired salutes of
farewell. For half an hour the bay rang with the roar
of cannon and was clouded with smoke. The scene was

alient
BARBAT

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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
511
J
wonderfully grand the roar of cannon, the clouds of
smoke wandering off over the waters, the stately, noble
vessels streaming with flags, the yards manned with sea-
men, the guards on deck, the officers in full uniform
gathered on the quarter-deck to salute the General as he
passed, the music and the cheers which came from the
ships, the crowds that clustered upon the wharfs, all formed
To the
a sight that once seen can never be forgotten.
General and party this enthusiastic demonstration will ever
be recalled with grateful remembrance, and was a fitting
climax of his now historical "tour around the world."
M


bak
¿
+
CHAPTER XXXVI.
GENERAL GRANT'S RETURN.
After an absence of over two years, General Grant is
on his way back to the United States, having sailed from
Tokio on September 3, 1879, and will reach San Francisco
about the 21st. During this period he has visited almost every
European capital, and has seen with his own eyes the peo-
ple of every nation. Everywhere in England, Ireland
and Scotland, in France and Germany, Italy and Austria,
in Switzerland, as in Sweden and Denmark, Russia and
Egypt, as in India and Siam, China and Japan-he
has been welcomed by rulers and people alike, in a manner
and with a splendor and fervor of hospitality which have
rightly been felt, by the mass of the American people, as
not merely a compliment to the General and ex-President,
but as a gratifying evidence of good will toward us as a
people. It is not pleasant to reflect that, while he was thus
received and honored abroad, here at home there have not
een wanting carping critics who indulged in petty fault
inding with his conduct, as though they were jealous of
the honors paid him-fortunately for our credit as Ameri-
cans, however, this carping spirit has not been general. The
public sense of propriety has frowned it down. It would have
been more gracious and more creditable to our people had
there been no such criticism and fault finding. While
General Grant was President, he was, as every man in
public office is, the subject of comment; his acts were the
proper objects of criticism. But when he laid down the
512
.
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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
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...
presidential office and retired to private life—it has always
been thought and held that he ceased to be, in any proper
sense, a subject of adverse public comment. When he
went abroad it was, as is well known, in pursuance of a
design he had long entertained, and which he would earlier
have accomplished had not public duties detained him at
home. That he was received with extraordinary honors
everywhere in Europe and Asia was due not only to the
exalted positions he had filled, but to the world-wide ap
preciation of the fact that under his skillful and vigorous.
command the greatest war of modern times had been
brought to a successful conclusion, and the security and in-
tegrity of the American Union assured. His reception by
people and rulers abroad was thus a token of universal
good will, not merely toward the General, but toward the
nation of which he was one of the chief citizens, and it
was not a gracious act in any American to raise his voice
in criticism of General Grant or of the honors showered
on him.
The friends of General Grant viewed with alarm and
disgust certain officious preparations ostentatiously making
here for his welcome home. The plan of a monster excur-
sion under the auspices of notorious politicians, when they
were to furnish tickets to the Pacific coast and return for
twenty-five dollars-fully expecting that fifty thousand
persons would embrace the opportunity to witness the
General's reception-and the ill advised motions of other
politicians, in the New York and Pennsylvania Legislat-
ures, in the same direction, were in the worst possible taste;
and it is believed that none of the real friends of General
Grant took any part in them, but tried to discourage them
in every way. It was as an American, and not as a Re-
publican politician, that General Grant received his spon-
taneous, honorable and gratifying welcome in every foreign
land that he visited; and it is as an American, and not as

514
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
.."
..
a Republican politician, that we are confident he desires to
be welcomed home. Hence, as before written, the politicians
ought to be made to keep their hands off. Their help and
management are not needed to secure the General a rous-
ing and real welcome from his countrymen. Their officious
interference, which looked as though they feared that with-
out their manipulations the General might not be well
received, was an offense to him, and, if it had been per-
severed in, could not fail to place him in a painful and
even ridiculous position. Commenting on this intended
hippodrome performance, the Utica (N. Y.) Herald said:
"Manufactured enthusiasm is always ridiculous; and it
will be easy to make the reception of General Grant ridic-
ulous in the eyes of the American people. When the late
Secretary Seward returned from a similar trip abroad,
where he was greeted with honors hardly less generous
than those extended to Grant, he had a welcome to his
home in Auburn, which made a profound impression upon
the country, for there was visible in it the sincere personal
esteem of his friends and neighbors, and the suspicion of
an ulterior purpose did not enter. Somewhat similar ought
to be the welcome extended to the first public man of the
United States who has made the tour of the world since
William H. Seward returned. We believe that General
Grant himself will be least pleased with a grand reception.
He is singularly averse to the blare and glamour of care-
fully arranged demonstrations. Notwithstanding his
remarkable public experiences, he has retained that sim-
plicity of taste and habit which distinguished him in the
days of his obscurity. He hates the formality of a demon-
stration. He has suffered more annoyance, we dare say,
from the excessive formality under which he has been com-
pelled to make his travels, than from any other cause.
He hates speech making, for he has sense enough to know
that he is not felicitous at it. It would not be surprising if
}
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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
515
the ex-President's antipathy to parade led him to positively
interdict any such uproar over his return as has been out-
lined."
The Cincinnati Star said, speaking of the same sub-
ject: "There is not the least probability that General
Grant will end his voyage around the world by allowing
himself to be used as a side-show to a circus on wheels.
The cheap excursion mania is very strong among the Amer-
ican people, whether it be to visit some famous natural
scenery, to attend a horse race, or see a two-headed baby;
and a band of speculators have lately learned how to make
money out of this tendency, in the American beehive, to
swarm during the hot months of summer. It is assumed
as quite certain that General Grant will give the cold
shoulder to any such ovation as this contemplated, and that
he will have both sense and money enough to remain
quietly in San Francisco until the locust-like storm shall
blow over, and the tired and disgusted excursionists seek
their homes."
There is not an admirer or friend of General Grant
who wants to see the General's return made a sort of hip-
podrome performance, exactly the reverse of the compli-
ments paid to him abroad. The object of foreign nations
and governments in honoring him was to pay a compli-
ment to the American people, whom he in a certain sense
represented; but the object of this excursion, and of the
more recent political movements in legislature, was only to
glorify him as a party man, and a possible party candidate;
and to place him under obligation beforehand to the poli-
titians who would rush forward to capture him as he
landed; and to exhibit him through the country as their
prey, in a manner which would leave the managers open to
ridicule and make a burlesque of his whole journey.
There was really no danger or fear that the General's
real and respectable friends would allow him to become a

516
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
victim of such people. That he will receive a warm and
universal welcome from his countrymen there is no doubt,
and he deserves it; but it will not be managed by self-seek-
ing and designing politicians. It will be a spontaneous,
hearty, unsolicited welcome from the American people.
His friends would prefer to see him make the journey from
the Pacific shores to his home in Philadelphia, as he will,
doubtless, prefer himself, with entire avoidance of ostenta-
tion, like a great and eminent, but nevertheless a plain,
citizen returning to his native land after a visit to foreign
countries. It would be ungracious in him to deny his fel-
low-citizens a sight of him, and he has now come to that
age where traveling by easy stages, instead of rushing
through on lightning express, is for his comfort and that
of Mrs. Grant. He will find in the principal Western
cities many of his old, personal friends, who will desire to
once more shake his hand. In a natural way without
the distasteful management of tricksters and politicians —
the General can see and be seen by the greater part of the
country, and he will receive everywhere the warmest wel-
come an admiring and hospitable people can give him. No
sensible man doubts that General Grant's name and fame
are dear to every true American, or that he ranks in all
hearts as the foremost American citizen of the day. His
great and long services to the Union have secured to him
the lasting, and indeed the increasing, gratitude and admi-
ration of the people. His sterling qualities of honesty and
clear common sense; his patriotic love for his country's
welfare, and desire for the success of our institutions; his
severe and arduous, and often thankless public service; the
pathetic manner in which, on several occasions, he has pub-
licly confessed his mistakes while asserting his good inten-
tions; all these are known to and valued by the people,
and it is a sure evidence that, though he was, while Presi-
dent, the subject of hostile and often acrimonious criticism,
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:
Sa
i
no sooner did he leave the (to him) unhappy politics, than
all ill-will disappeared, and he resumed, as of right, his
high place in the affectionate regards of his fellow-citizens,
without regard to party. He returns home from a long
journey in foreign parts, at every stage of which the hon-
ors which have been paid him by eminent persons of all
classes have been watched with pleasure by the whole
American people; but the most distinguished honors of his
life remain, and will be found in the spontaneous welcome
home of his fellow-citizens. To them, now, he occupies
a quite peculiar position; for, whatever designing politicians
may propose, to the people he is a citizen who has hon-
orably and laboriously fulfilled his term of faithful public
service, and whom, for the rest of his life, they will regard,
not as a partisan, not as the candidate of or even a mem-
ber of a party, but as one raised above party, and who, liv-
ing in such privacy as such eminence as his can secure, will
be, while he lives, the trusted adviser of all administra-
tions. As a private citizen, the most illustrious and the
most trusted of the Republic, he will rise constantly higher
in the general esteem and affection, and it will be the de-
light of all Americans to guard and honor his declining
years. But to re-enter now the arena of partisan politics
would be to imperil his great reputation; to weaken the
hold he has on the hearts of the people; to descend to the
level of common mena descent into the mire from an
elevation rarely attained by any man in history. Those
who would tempt him to his fall are not his friends, but his
worst and most dangerous enemies.
The recent statement made by Rear. Admiral Ammen in
regard to General Grant's intentions for the future definitely
removes the latter from the political field. Admiral
Ammen's statement is entitled to much reliance for several
reasons. The Admiral himself is a man of high character,
who would not make so important an assertion without

518
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
·
considering himself sure of the facts; he has been on terms
of close personal intimacy with Grant during life; the
circumstances related by the Admiral bear internal evidence
of the correctness of his conclusion; and, finally, General
Grant's disinclination to be a "third-term candidate for
the Presidency is confirmed by others in a position to know
his sentiments. Among the evidences of this determination
is General Grant's reply to Li Hung Chang, the Viceroy
of Tientsin, when the latter expressed the hope that his
visitor would again become President of the United States.
Grant's words on that occasion were as follows:
""
"Your Excellency is very kind, but there could be no
wish more distateful to me than what you express. I have
held the office of President as long as it has ever been held
by any man. There are others who have risen to great dis-
tinction at home, and who have earned the honor, who are
I have no
worthy, and to them it belongs, and not to me.
claims to the office. It is a place distasteful to me, a place
of hardship and responsibilities. When I was a younger
man these hardships were severe and never agreeable.
They would be worse now. No man who knows what
the Presidency imposes would care to see a friend in the
office. I have had my share of it, have had all the hon-
ors that can be or should be given to any citizen, and there
are many able and distinguished men who have earned the
office. To one of them it should be given.”
General Grant could not have chosen language more
emphatically declaring his disinclination to be a candidate
without being actually offensive to the American people,
and there is no reason why his word should not be accepted
as honestly conveying the meaning which they imply.
The Hon. E. B. Washburne has also contributed addi-
tional confirmation of Grant's purpose through a private
letter from Grant, written still more recently, in which the
latter declares that he cannot conceive any possible circum<
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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
519
stances which could induce him to consent to be a candi-
date. Both General Grant's best friends and his most
uncompromising opponents accept the declination as final;
among the former may be classed Mr. George W. Chiids,
of Philadelphia, and among the latter Mr. Murat Halstead,
of Cincinnati. Mr. Childs says that Grant's recent de-
clarations comport with his private utterances several months
ago, and he has no doubt that they express Grant's real
sentiments. Mr. Halstead also reports Grant as talking in
the same way when both were in Paris, and he believes
the ex-President to be sincere. Indeed, there is no doubt
that Grant has repeatedly given expression to his desire
and purpose to retire from public life, and there is no good
reason to discredit his sincerity. Admiral Ammen affirms
positively that the General will take the Presidency of the
American Nicaragua Inter-Ocean Canal Company, and
devote his energy and ability to the construction of the
highly important international work for which that com-
pany is to be organized.
The story of General Grant's active personal interest in
the Nicaragua International Canal scheme may be briefly
restated as follows:
He was educated at West Point as a military and civil
engineer. When he became President, he set about to de-
termine for himself the best route for a water connection
between the Atlantic and Pacific, and to that end dispatched
at different times several officers of the army and navy to
examine the several proposed routes. His investigation led
him to the conviction that the Nicaragua Ship Canal will
be the most desirable for American interests. The San
Juan River, connecting with the Nicaragua Lake, furnishes
a natural water route most of the way across the isthmus,
and there will be only a strip on the west side of some
seven or eight miles wide to cut through. These conditions
will render the work far cheaper than the proposed deep-

520
GENERAL U. s. GRANT'S
"'
The
cut canal upon a level with the sea across Panama.
Nicaragua route also saves some seven hundred or eight
hundred miles of ocean travel as far as American ships are
concerned about three hundred miles on the Atlantic and
four hundred or five hundred miles on the Pacific in going
from an American Atlantic port to a Pacific port, or to
China or Japan. The fact that the Nicaragua route will
be longer than the Panama route is more than offset by the
saving in time and cost by the reduced ocean voyage.
General Grant's convictions in the matter were strength-
ened by the information he obtained during his European
tour. At the conclusion of the Paris conference on the
Isthmus Canal, Admiral Ammen wrote to General Grant
a clear statement of the case, urging him to consent to serve
as President of an American company for the Nicaragua
route. In the same inclosure, Ammen sent Grant a letter
he had received from an American politician, insisting that
Grant must hold himself free to run as the Republican can-
didate for President, and also his (Ammen's) reply to that
letter, in which the position was taken that Grant's services
in the army and as President should exempt him from any
further demands on the part of the public. About the time
Grant had received these letters, he had the interview with
the Viceroy of Tientsin, in which he stated emphatically
that he would not again be a candidate for the Presidency
of the United States, and shortly after he telegraphed
Admiral Ammen the two words, "I approve." Admiral
Ammen adds:
"These letters are of a private character, and I do not
desire that they should go out to the public for the present.
It is hardly necessary for me to assure you that the enter-
prise is in the hands of men whose reputation is unques-
tioned, and whose interest in promoting the work will be
greatly increased now that they know that General Grant
is committed to its success. You know my views on this
;
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subject. They were made public through my letter to the
Secretary of State a month ago. It would not be
proper for me to enter into details regarding the organiza-
tion just at present. I may say, now that General Grant's
wishes are known or will be known when the facts I have
given you are made public, that a new company will be
rapidly formed in this country which will include in its
ranks the leading capitalists of our own and European
nations, whose purpose will be to construct the inter-
oceanic canal under the leadership of General Grant.”
On the 8th of September, Admiral Ammen received a
letter from General Grant in reply to his letter of July 2,
in which the Admiral urged upon his friend the importance
of allowing the use of his name as one of the corporators
for an inter-oceanic canal company via Nicaragua, and, if
elected by the corporators, to assent to the proposition to
serve as president of the campany. Deeming it important
to hear from General Grant at the earliest moment, he
suggested that if the proposition met his approbation he
should telegraph "I approve." General Grant acknowl-
edges the receipt of the letter, and states that on August 7
he telegraphed as suggested, in order that it might be a
sufficient basis for Admiral Ammen to take the preliminary
steps for the beginning of a movement which would effect
an organization for the building of a canal. He then adds
that he has given the subject serious consideration, and after
two days' deliberation he is fully convinced of the impor
tance of acting in the matter promptly. He is of the
opinion that great care should be exercised in the formation
of the company, and, when properly organized, the neces-
sary steps should be had to secure from the Nicaraguan
Government such concessions as will make the undertaking
a practical business scheme. When these are secured he
would be glad of the opportunity to devote his attention to
the work, and would accept the Presidency of the Com-

522
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
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pany with the determination to accomplish the task, and
to that end would exert himself to push the work as rapidly
as the surveys and engineering skill of his assistants would
permit. The letter merely repeats what the General has
frequently said to Admiral Ammen upon the importance
of obtaining the most favorable concessions from the
Nicaraguan Government, in order that the enterprise might
enlist capital and secure the protection of the United States.
He makes no allusion to politics whatever in this letter.
He expects to reach San Francisco some time in Sep-
tember, and be in Philadelphia in November, when the
business matter can be talked over leisurely, and definite
arrangements made for inaugurating the company.
Exceptions have been taken to the statement made,
that the quiet purpose General Grant had in view during
his tour through Europe was to learn for himself what
encouragement the construction of an inter-oceanic canal
would receive from European capitalists, if the enterprise.
were in American hands. That statement was based upon
the correspondence which General Grant had with a prom-
inent officer of our army, and to whom he wrote fully from
time to time during his stay in Europe as to what he heard
and learned on the subject. In addition to this, just before
he left the United States, he had a long interview with
President Hayes, which was wholly devoted to this inter-
oceanic canal project. He explained to his successor his
personal interest in the scheme, and all he had done during
his administration to forward the surveys. He regretted
that he had not been able to accomplish more than to finish
the numerous surveys, but thought that this perfect work
was a great step in the direction of settling the route to be
chosen, and that he was satisfied that the Nicaragua line was
the feasible one upon which to build the canal. He com-
mended Admiral Ammen's interest in the project, and told
the President that he had recalled him from a foreign sta-
Ca

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A
tion and appointed him chief of the Bureau of Navigation in
the navy department, that he might be in a position where
he could give his zeal unlimited sway in furthering the am-
bition of both the Admiral and himself, which was to deter-
mine accurately and as speedily as possible the best route
by which the two oceans could be connected for the pur-
pose of commerce. He regretted that he had not been able
to do more, but was glad that so much had been accom-
plished as would enable President Hayes to take up the
subject in a manner that warranted the hope that, during
his term of office, something would be done to practically
utilize the labor of our surveying parties. He explained
his reasons for wishing to impress upon President Hayes
his great interest in the subject, and added that he should
not lose sight of it during his travels in Europe. He was
confident that his experience abroad would only confirm
the belief that this great project should be distinctly Amer-
ican, and would have to be undertaken by American engi-
neers. So favorably did the President receive the views of
General Grant, that, when the news came of the decision
of the Paris Congress, he was prepared to reiterate the
idea of the General, that an inter-oceanic canal must be an
American project and carried out by American enterprise,
expanding the Monroe doctrine in a broader sense than had
ever been thought of by President Monroe or John Quincy
Adams, who is credited with having originated it.
In explanation of the apparent neglect of the matter,
President Hayes said that he was expecting, from time to
time, to hear of the results which General Grant would
develop in his visit to Europe. One of the results un-
doubtedly was the necessity which the French engineers
saw they were under to anticipate the American plan, by
calling a congress, and determining before its meeting to
select another route. Then came the invitations to our
20
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GENERAL U. s. grant's
Government to send delegates to the Paris Congress. The
matter was officially considered by the Cabinet, and it was
deemed advisable not to send delegates, but to have repre-
sentatives, who should merely set forth the work already
accomplished, and the conclusions formed by the Commis-
sion appointed during President Grant's administration
upon the practicability of the Nicaragua route. It was
argued that, if we sent delegates, our Government would
be held by the decision of the Congress, which was to be
avoided under all circumstances, and therefore they should
not go
in an official capacity. Time was consumed before
the Congress met, and then followed Rear-Admiral Am-
men's prompt action in acquainting General Grant with
the exact situation of affairs, and the importance of secur-
ing his co-operation. "In other words," said President
Hayes, "we have waited patiently for the time to come.
when General Grant would give shape to this project, and
now we are prepared to do everything in our power to
promote its success.'
It is not surprising that General Grant has determined
not to re-enter American political life. A man who has
had so brilliant and successful a career as he has had must
have an ambition to preserve it for history, and it would be
a hazardous experiment to resume public responsibilities.
Grant has the good judgment to understand this, and the
He is now the
poise and self-control to act upon it.
"Great Undefeated"; a campaign for a third term might
hand his name down to posterity as the "Great Defeated."
The Nicaragua International project opens to him a
field worthy of his ability. His name and energy will en-
list the necessary capital and influence to give the Ameri-
cans the control of the inter-oceanic route, and the
completion of such a scheme, shortening the route between
the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and between Europe and
""
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525
the Indies, by several thousand miles, will be an undertak
ing in which an ex-President of the United States may
engage with credit to himself and honor to his country.
There is reason both to commend and to congratulate
General Grant upon the stand he has taken. His fame is
as radiant now as it ever can be, unless some new danger
shall threaten the Republic during his life, and in that case
the American people will turn to him with such unanimity
and confidence that he will be in no doubt as to his duty.
The reception of General Grant upon his arrival on our
shores promises to be a magnificent ovation, a spontaneous
and enthusiastic reception by the people of California,
without distinction of party. Our record would be incom-
plete without giving an account of the preparations in:
progress.
Mayor Bryant, of San Francisco, in compliance with
the clearly expressed sentiment of the citizens of that city,,
has named a number of the prominent citizens to confer.
with the Board of Supervisors with a view of making
preparations for a suitable reception to General Grant.
The names chosen by the Mayor in this connection repre-
sent every shade of political opinion, as was fitting in
arranging for a demonstration which is neither democratic
nor republican in its character, but purely national and
patriotic. The list embraces men of all parties George
C. Perkins, Samuel Wilson, W. H. L. Barnes, M. S. La-
tham, Horace Davis, Eugene Casserly and John H. Wise..
Here we have republicans and democrats, men who stood
up for the North during the civil war, and men who hon-
estly sympathized with the Confederate cause.
Yet now
they are all willing to ignore political differences, and old
party feuds, and to unite in doing honor to a distinguished
American citizen, whose name is identified with the history
of his country, and whose character and career are a part
of her historical treasures. As is eminently fitting on such
Japa
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:
an occasion, all petty political animosities disappear for the
time, and the most eminent citizens of San Francisco, with-
out distinction of party, will unite in paying honor to their
distinguished guest.
The watch for the steamer Tokio, at the Cliff House,
will, upon sighting the masts of the steamer, flash the in-
telligence in every direction.
Gradually the demonstration undertaken by the citizens
of San Francisco, in honor of General Grant, has swelled
into proportions far beyond all original expectations. What
was designed at the outset to be a welcome by the people
of that city has developed into a grand ovation by the
people of the State of California. Deputations from Oak-
land, Sacramento, San Jose, Vallejo, Petaluma, the far-off
orange groves of Los Angeles, and a hundred other cities
and towns all over the State, and even from some beyond
the boundaries of California, will join in the demonstration.
The preparations for the event have been upon such a
scale of magnificence as will throw all previous celebra-
tions, not excepting that of the Centennial of American
Independence, into the shade. The unanimity of feeling
and sentiment that is manifested by all classes of the com-
munity, without regard to differences of political opinion
or social condition, is something amazing, and altogether
unprecedented. The soldiers who fought for the Union,
and those who upheld the cause of the Confederacy, will
march side by side in the procession in honor of the man
of whom General Lee said: "I have no hesitation in de-
claring that, both as a gentleman and an organizer of victo-
rious war, General Grant hath excelled all your most noted
soldiers. He has exhibited more real greatness of mind,
more consummate prudence from the outset, more heroic
bravery, than anyone on your side."
A telegram from San Francisco, dated September 18,
says:
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"The preparations are now complete. All the neces
sary arrangements are perfected, and everything is ready
for the reception of the illustrious guest."
The following is a summary of what may be expected
upon the arrival of the Tokio, as telegraphed from San
Francisco:
When the City of Tokio appears in the offing, she
will first be signaled from Point Labos to the Merchant's
Exchange, whence the news will be disseminated. The
Bell Telephone Company and the American District Tele-
graph Company will be notified, and they will inform all
their stations, and the individuals with whom they are con-
nected, and the flag on the Exchange Building will be
hoisted at once, and a line of flags stretched from the staff
to the front and rear of the roof. The officer at Point
Labos will hoist a designated signal, thereby informing the
commander of Fort Point, and also communicate with the
Merchants' Exchange, and Captain Low, who is in charge at
the Fort, will hoist the American flag and also use signals.
Alcatraz and Angel Island will be signaled from Fort
Point, if necessary.
Signal guns will be fired from the Fort Alcatraz and
Angel Island from the time of sighting the steamer, and
national salutes when the Tokio passes from the upper and
lower Casemate Batteries at the Fort Point, Alcatraz and
Angel Island.
As soon as the news is received at the Merchants'
Exchange, eleven taps will be given three times, with due
intervals, from all the fire alarm bells in the city. Church
bells will be rung, and there will be the blowing of steam
whistles at discretion. As soon as the Tokio is sighted,
the Committee of Reception, with Jesse Grant and Mr.
Dent, will go on board the Millen Griffiths and meet her
as far out as possible, to notify General Grant of the prepa-
rations being made to welcome him. If necessary, they

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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
will detain the Tokio until the marine procession can be
duly formed. Two hours will be allowed after the first
signal for the starting of the barge steamers of the escort.
The China will leave the Pacific Mail Steamship
Company's dock, and returning, disembark her passengers
there. The St. Paul and Ancon will leave from the foot
of Broadway. Much criticism has been excited by the
arrangement for towing the yachts, which, as they are the
most picturesque craft on the bay, will scarcely be rigidly
adhered to.
The Tokio will proceed to her anchorage just south
of the usual line of the Bakland Ferry.
As soon as convenient after the first signal, the Execu-
tive Committee will meet Mayor Bryant in parlor 160,
Palace Hotel, wearing red, white and blue rosettes, and in
the dress already specified. From the hotel they will take
carriages to the ferry steamer, City of Oakland, which will
convey them to the Tokio as soon as sufficient time has
elapsed for the St. Paul, China, Ancon and other steamers
to have disembarked their passengers, who will take their
proper places in the procession.
The Oakland will run alongside the Tokio, and
General Grant and suite will be transferred to her. Mayor
Bryant will deliver his brief speech of welcome. General
Grant will reply. Introductions will be in order, and the
guest and committee will land and take their places in car-
riages at the head of the procession.
Dennis Kearney, the "sand-lots" braggart, proposed,
in one of his violent, intemperate speeches to the working-
men of San Francisco, to burn General Grant in effigy.
Just why this agitator wished to burn the General in effigy
is not plain. Referring to this subject, the Chicago Inter
Ocean says:
"In 1861 General Grant was a workingman at Galena,
in this State. He offered his services to the Governor of
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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
529
Illinois in any capacity where he might be useful, and his
offer was accepted. Through the long years that followed,
the Galena workingman maintained a modest bearing, and
never boasted of his deeds or selfishly obtruded himself
upon
the public. He became the foremost man of the age,
the most remarkable soldier of modern times, the twice-
chosen President of a great nation, and the honored guest
of almost every government on earth; but still his modesty
did not forsake him, and he never for a moment forgot
that his country was a republic and that he was a citizen
of that republic.
"He is now returning from his long absence abroad,
and will soon land upon the shores of the country he did
so much to save. The people with almost one accord
desire to do him honor; but Dennis Kearney proposes to
insult him and insult them by a public indignity at the
place where General Grant disembarks, and on the day of
his arrival.
"There are some things that try the patience of a law-
abiding people very sorely, and this is one of them. We
do not know where Mr. Kearney was during our long
struggle for national life, or what his services were; but
we take it for granted that they were hardly superior to
those of General Grant, and that the people of San Fran-
cisco ought to be able to express their gratitude and admi-
ration for a great soldier, a former comrade, and an ex-
President of the republic, without meeting insult from
Kearney or his followers. San Francisco but voices the
feeling of the nation in extending its welcome to General
Grant, and the insult which Dennis Kearney contemplates
is an insult to the country which protects his own carcass
from violence, which shields him in his freedom of speech
and which makes it possible for him to threaten this indig-
nity without being kicked into the Bay of San Francisco.

530
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
We hope Mr. Kearney will think better of his propo-
sition, and abandon it. If he does not, the cause which he
advocates will receive a blow in this country from which
it will not soon recover. The workingmen of Chicago,
who believe in the right of Americans to welcome a dis-
tinguished citizen without a public insult of this character,
should meet and promptly denounce the proposed out-
rage."
It is not believed that this silly threat will be carried
out, or that any one will dare attempt to carry it out.
Even the most rash and infatuated of his deluded followers
must realize by this time that Dennis perpetrated a mon-
strous blunder when he indulged in that outrageous and
disgusting menace. There has never been in San Fran-
cisco a more unanimous and overwhelming manifestation
of popular indignation than that which has been caused by
Kearney's infamous threat. A New York Herald dis-
patch of September 14th, says:
"On the sand-lots, where Kearney belched forth the
braggart threat that he would burn General Grant in effigy,
Confederate and Federal will meet and salute the honored
citizen, and in that number will be many workingmen them-
selves who have listened to Kearney for the last time. Nu-
merous rumors are abroad about the workingmen's party de-
manding Kearney's abdication. To-day, Wallock, the for-
mer Vice-President of the party, tried to pass resolutions
pledging the workingmen to unite with all loyal citizens
in demonstrations to the honor of General Grant, but
Kearney opposed them in a violent speech, still evincing
his cowardice over the effigy business, yet without manli-
ness enough to avow his folly. It has, however, been de-
monstrated at the sand-lots, to-day, that Kearney has given
himself his death wound. San Francisco has wiped out
the reproach of Kearneyism."
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The wisest thing which the sand-lot agitator will do
will be to get out of town and hide himself away in some
rural seclusion, until the storm which he has evoked by his
rashness and folly shall have passed over.

:
CHAPTER XXXVII.
ARRIVAL OF GENERAL GRANT.
The steamer City of Tokio, in which General Grant
embarked for his homeward voyage, arrived in the harbor
of San Francisco on Saturday evening, September 20.
The long-expectant people of San Francisco had been for
somė days prepared to give a suitable welcome to the illus-
trious soldier, statesman and traveler, who, though a simple
citizen, occupies a larger space in the world's regard than
the proudest contemporary heirs of ancient thrones. The
General's arrival at San Francisco completes his journey
"around the world." In San Francisco the excitement
over his coming reached fever heat, and the reception
given him was on a scale of magnificence never before
seen in this country.
Every one, during the forenoon of Saturday, was on
the tip-toe of expectation over his arrival. The city was
densely crowded, especially the hotels. As the Tokio did
not arrive early in the day, it was generally believed that
the General would not arrive before Sunday. The Re-
ception Committee were discussing the propriety of post-
poning the reception until Monday, when, at a signal given
by the fire brigade that the City of Tokio was sighted, the
fire bells rang, whistles sounded, and the thunder of cannon
reverberated over the hills and harbor, and a general uproar
was created.
Every kind of business was suspended, and people
poured forth in such numbers that in a few minutes the
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BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF SAN FRANCISCO.
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streets were densely crowded with citizens flocking toward
the ferry down Market street. The sun was shining brill-
iantly, and the effect upon the decorated buildings, arches.
and flags was very fine. The utmost good humor pre-
vailed; and, as evening approached, the streets were lined
with people, and business wholly suspended, and the city
turned out.
Immediately on receipt of the intelligence that the
steamer City of Tokio was nearing port, the Reception
Committee, consisting of Frank M. Pixley, ex-Senator
Cole, General Miller and R. B. Cornwall, repaired to the
tug Millen Griffith, lying with steam up at the Pacific Mail
dock, and at once started to meet the incoming steamer.
The Millen Griffith stood well out to sea, and several miles
outside the Heads met the City of Tokio coming in. The
tug drew alongside, and the Executive Committee, quar-
antine officer and customs officials and a number of repre-
sentatives of the press, boarded the steamer. No ceremony
was observed, except a general shaking of hands, and after
the committee had announced the object of their visit, and
informed General Grant of the reception prepared for him,
the conversation became general, as the City of Tokio
continued on her course. Soon after the government
steamer McPherson came alongside, and Major-General
McDowell, commanding the Division of the Pacific, ac-
companied by his staff, boarded the Tokio and rejoined his
old comrade in arms.
While this was transpiring the general Committee of
Arrangements, with several thousand invited guests, assem-
bled on board the large side-wheel Pacific Mail steamer
China, and a number of smaller steamers, while tugs took
squadrons of the San Francisco yacht clubs in tow and
started down the channel.
In the meantime it seemed as though the whole popu-
lation of the city-men, women and children—had sought

536
GENERAL U. s. Grant's
positions from which a view of the naval pageant could be
obtained. Every eminence commanding the channel was
black with assembled thousands. Telegraph Hill was a
living mass of human bodies, and the heights beyond Pre-
sidio, the Clay street hill, the sea wall at North Point, and
every pier-head, were covered with spectators.
The sun was declining in the west as the steamers and
yachts, gay with bunting, moved down the channel. Low
clouds hung along the western horizon. Mount Tamauli-
pas and the distant mountains north of the bay were veiled
in a mist, and Mission Hill and the seaward heights of the
peninsula were shrouded in a fog, but the channel was un-
obstructed, and the bold outlines of the Golden Gate rose
sharply against the sky, while the bay itself, with the
islands and shores of Alameda and Contra Costa were
bathed in sunlight. From every flagstaff in the city flags.
were flying, and the shipping along the city front was
brilliantly decked with ensigns, festooned flags and stream-
ers. The impatient crowds that covered the hilltops stood
straining their eyes to catch the first glimpse of the Tokio.
A hundred times the cry was raised, "There she comes,"
as chance arrivals came in view between the Heads.
It was half-past five o'clock when a puff of white
smoke from seaward, from off the earth-works back of and
above Fort Point, and the booming of a heavy gun, an-
nounced that the steamer was near at hand. Another and
another followed in rapid succession. Fort Point next
joined in the cannonade, firing with both casemate and
barbette guns, and the battery at Lime Point added its
thunders to the voice of welcome. In a few moments the
entrance to the harbor was veiled in wreaths of smoke,
and as the batteries of Angel Island, Black Point and Al-
catraz opened fire in succession, the whole channel was
soon shrouded in clouds from their rapid discharges. For
some time the position of the approaching ship could not
:
a.
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1
be discovered, but shortly before six o'clock the outlines of
the huge hull of the City of Tokio loomed through the-
obscurity of smoke and rapidly approaching shades of
evening, lit up by the flashes of guns, and in a few
moments she glided into full view, surrounded by a fleet.
of steamers and tugs, gay with flags and crowded with
guests, while the yacht squadron brought up the rear,
festooned from deck to truck with brilliant bunting. Cheer
after cheer burst from the assembled thousands as the ves-
sels slowly rounded Telegraph Hill, and were taken up by
the crowds on the wharves and rolled around the city-
front, hats and handkerchiefs being waived in the air. The
United States steamer Monterey, lying in the stream, added
the roar of her guns to the general welcome, and the
screaming of hundreds of steam whistles announced that
the City of Tokio had reached her anchorage.
The crowds that had assembled on the hills and along
the city, now, with a common impulse, began to pour along.
toward the ferry landing at the foot of Market street,
where General Grant was to land. The sidewalks were
blocked with hurrying pedestrians, and the streets with
carriages conveying the committees. The steamers and
yachts made haste to land their passengers, and in a few
minutes the vicinity of the ferry landing was literally
jammed with people, extending for blocks along Market.
street and the water front just in front of the landing, the
entrances to which were closed and guarded. A space was.
cleared by the police and marshals, into which hundreds of
carriages for use of the guests were crowded, and outside
of that space line after line of troops and civic organiza-
tions were ranged, while the outside constantly increasing
throng surged and pressed, excited and enthusiastic, cheer-
ing at intervals, and waiting impatiently for a first glimpse
at the city's honored guest. Within the gates of the ferry-
house were assembled the gentlemen charged with the duty
*
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538
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
*:
of the immediate reception of General Grant, the Board
of Supervisors ranged on the left of the gangway, and
Governor Irwin and staff, and the Executive Committee,
consisting of Governor-elect Perkins, W. H. L. Barnes,
Samuel Wilson, William T. Coleman, Tiburcio Parrott,
J. P. Jackson, John McComb, John Rosenfeld, Claus
Spreckels, John H. Wise, W. W. Montegu, occupied the
right, Mayor Bryant taking his position about half way
down the center of the gangway.
About seven o'clock General Grant landed from the
ferryboat Oakland, according to arrangement. As soon as
the General stepped from the ferry, leaning upon the arm
of General John F. Miller, he was introduced to Mayor
Bryant.
The Mayor, after acknowledging the introduction,
addressed General Grant as follows:
"GENERAL GRANT: As Mayor of the city of San
Francisco, I have the honor and pleasure to welcome you
Some time has
on your return to your native country.
passed since you departed from the Atlantic shore to seek
the relief which a long period in your country's service
had made necessary, but during this absence the people of
the United States have not forgotten you. They have read
with intense interest the accounts of your voyage by sea
and your travels by land around the world, and they have
observed with great pleasure the honors you have received
in the different countries which you have visited, and the
universal recognition which your brilliant career as a soldier
and American citizen has obtained. They have felt proud
of you, and, at the same time, of their country, which you
have so fully represented. And now, sir, you are again on
your native soil, and the thousands who here greet you re-
member that your home was once in this city. This bay,
these hills, the pleasant homes about us, are familiar to you.
Great changes, it is true, have taken place. The young
-The

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city is now the rival of cities which were old when its
history began. But the men to whom this marvelous pros-
perity is due were in those early days your personal associates
and friends, and many of them are here to-day, waiting anx-
iously to take you by the hand once more. It is a pleasing
incident of your journey, that, leaving your country at the
ancient city of Philadelphia, Mayor Stokely expressed the
hope of that city for a safe journey and a happy return. It
is now my privilege to express the joy of San Francisco
that the hope of her elder sister has been realized. The
city desires to receive you as an old and honored resident
and friend returning after a long absence, and to extend to
you such courtesies as may be agreeable to you; and, in obe-
dience to such desire, which extends through all classes, I
tender to you the freedom of the city and its hospitalities.
In the short time allowed us we have arranged a reception
in your honor, and ask that for an hour you will permit us
to present our people to you, and we beg that, while your
remain in the city, yourself and your family and your travel-
ing companions will be its guests. Permit me, in conclu-
sion, to express the wish of each and every one of us for
the future happiness and prosperity of yourself and every
member of your family."
General Grant replied as follows:
"MAYOR BRYANT: I thank you and the city of San
Francisco for this cordial welcome, and I feel great pleasure.
in returning to California after a quarter of a century's
absence. I shall be glad to participate in the procession."
General Grant was then escorted to the carriage in
which he rode with the procession. Mrs. Grant occupied
another carriage with Hon. Frank Pixley, and Jesse Grant
and John Russell Young, of the party, occupied another
carriage.
After a delay of over an hour at the landing, at 8 o'clock
the Presidential party was turned over to the Executive

540
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
•
Committee having in charge the reception. Then the
Grand Marshal gave out his orders, and the immense con-
course of citizens, who were ready to take part in the pro-
cession, were summoned to their places, and formed in the
following order:
Detachment of Police.
Grand Marshal-Major-General W. L. Elliott.
Chief of Staff-Col. A. W. Preston.
Chief Aids-S. M. Taylor, T. McGregor, G. W. Smiley, C. M. Leavy, W. Harney,
Lieutenant Henry Hammond, Colonel F. O. Von Fritsch.
Aids to Grand Marshal-D. W. White, D. Roth, B. Seguine, W. G. Elliott, Thomas
Magner, A. T. McGill, Dr. J. M. McNulty, T. H. Goodman, P. W. Ames,
N. T. Messer, G. W. Wharton, J. H. Thompson, H. Beudel,
W. H. Simond, E. Carlsen, Z. B. B. Adams, T. C.
Otis, A. S. Hallidie, I. Simon, C. C. Bemis,
G. A. Fisher, L. Wadham, P. J. White,
A. Harlow, D. Bigley, J. Austin, George S. Ladd, A. Laver, J. P. Martin, W. B.
Larzelere, M. Doane, General J. Harris, C. N. Ellenwood, C. H. Carter,
M. Skelly, George A. Case, C. I. Tetream, Henry Devenve, C.
Van Dyke Hubbard, Walter Turnbull, A. Wheeler.
Volunteer Officers, Soldiers and Sailors of the War of the Rebellion, including ex-
Confederate Officers, Soldiers and Sailors.
Second Brigade, Brigadier-General John McComb.
Oakland Light Cavalry escort.
General Ulysses S. Grant and the Honorable A. J. Bryant, Mayor of San Francisco.
Veterans of the Mexican War, as Guard of Honor.
Board of Supervisors and Executive Committee.
Regular troops of the United States Army.
His Excellency, William Irwin, Governor of California, and Staff.-
Major-General Irwin McDowell, commanding Military Division of the Pacific,
and Staff.
Commodore E. R. Calhoun, United States Navy, and Staff.
Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Circuit Court,
and District Judges of the Ninth Circuit.
Committee on Parade and Decoration.
United States Senators and Representatives to Congress.
Foreign Consuls, Officers of the United States Army and Navy, and Marine Corps,
Judges of the Supreme Court of California and the District Courts.
United States District Attorney and Assistants, Registrars in Bankruptcy.
United States Marshal and Deputies, Collector of Customs, Surveyor of the Port
Naval Officer, United States Treasurer and Surveyor-General, United States
Collector of Internal Revenue, and Deputies, Post-Master and Deputies,
State Officers, City and County Officers.
Board of Trade.
Oakland City Authorities.
City Authorities of Stockton.
Board of Trustees of the City of Benicia.
Committee of Citizens of Sacramento.

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
541
University Battalion.
Garibaldi Guard, Italian Bersaglieri, Austrian Jaegers.
St. Patrick's Cadets, Italian Fishermen.
California Pioneers, Territorial Pioneers, Patriotic Sons of America.
Delegation of the Fire Department.
American District Telegraph Messenger Boys.
21
Union League, McClellan Legion, Occidental Club.
Second Ward Republican Club, Eureka Club, Mutual Benevolent Society, West
Indian Benevolent Association.
Oakland Literary and Historical Society.
School Children.
Handel and Haydn Society.
Grant Invincibles.
Nelly Grant Blues.
Organizations Not Yet Reported.
Steam Calliope and Bells.
The line of march decided upon was from the Market
Street wharf, up Market Street to Montgomery, thence to
Montgomery Avenue over Kearney Street, back to Mar-
ket again, up the north side of Market Street, counter-
marching down Market Street, south side, passing in
review at New Montgomery Street. On reaching Sansome
Street, the procession was instructed to disperse. Prob-
ably no city on this globe ever beheld a grander sight than
was the procession of Saturday night.
The streets were made as bright as day by the electric
lights, and the decorations, fantastic and beautiful as they
were under the glare of the sun, looked still more pleasing,
rich and elegant under the soft and mellow light of the
great lanterns which the greatest of modern inventors has
given us. In the line of march a thousand banners flapped
in the evening breeze. The starry flag of our country was
of course the most prominent among them, but every
nation on earth was represented by her colors, and the flag
of the "lost cause," side by side with the flag of the Union,
was not the least conspicuous.
The Grand Marshal and his aids were mounted upon
the best horses that this State could produce charging
steeds, with all the pride and spirit of the thoroughbred

542
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
¿
1
flowing through their veins. The average Californian is
large, well-formed, and handsome. There was not an ill-
looking man among the fifty who marched at the head of
the procession. The volunteer officers and soldiers and
sailors of the war of the rebellion, including those who had
fought with and against the great commander, made a
magnificent display, and were cheered along the entire
line of march. The band played "Battle Cry of Free-
dom," and an occasional war-whoop, such as has not been
heard since Lee surrendered, resounded through the streets
of the city. The Second Brigade, N. G. C., commanded
by General McComb, the editor of the Alta, who was one
of the Argonaut's of '49, followed. Then came a light
cavalry escort from the beautiful and prosperous city of
Oakland, across the bay. Then came the hero, himself,
at the side of whom sat the Mayor of San Francisco, the
Hon. A. J. Bryant.
As the General passed, the crowds along the street fairly
shook the buildings with their cheers. The heart of Gen-
eral Grant must have been more gratified than at any time
since his name became a distinguished one in the history of
his country. He has met with enthusiastic receptions and
cheers before, but it was when his services to the country
were fresher in the minds of the people, and at a time when
the soul of the nation was full of gratitude to all her de-
fenders. But that feeling, were it but temporary, as is too
often the case, has had time to die out.
Fourteen years of peace has many a time before buried
the hero of a war. The commander of the Northern
armies in the great rebellion must have felt, after he had ac-
complished all that the country could ask for, that his
memory would soon pale, too.. For, had he not been taught
from childhood that republics were ungrateful? If he ever
feared a change in the sentiment of his fellow countrymen,
that fear must have disappeared that night. He could not
4

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
543
eel but that the heart of the nation was unchanged; that
it would never cease to honor him, that it would never be-
come ungenerous, cold or distant to the man of its choice,
as two hundred thousand men, women and children cheered
him until their throats were sore. He must have felt that this
republic, at least, was not ungrateful to him. He bowed
his head, a trifle grayer than it was when he left the
country two years ago, and waved his hat left and right to
the surging, crazy populace. Never for a moment from the
time the procession left the landing until he was taken into
the Palace Hotel did his interest in the festivities slacken,
or his wonderful presence of mind desert him. He was at
once a smiling, courteous, jolly-looking American citizen,
and a distinguished, dignified and honored American states-
man and soldier. His bearing pleased the multitude, and
it cheered again.
The great throng of people assembled in the vicinity
of the hotel remained unbroken for nearly two hours after
the passage of the General under the triumphal arch. The
cheering was continuous on the outside, and the cries for a
speech could be heard in the room where the General was
receiving a select number of gentlemen. The cries for a
speech became so loud that one of the members of the Ex-
ecutive Committee finally suggested to the General that he
show himself to the populace, at least, and he consented.
What the General said when he appeared will never be
known, for no human voice could be distinguished where
fifty thousand throats were being tested, and a mighty swell
of sounds drowned everything save the sounds themselves.
The General appreciated the situation, saw that he was
"bottled up," so to speak, and retired from the fight a de-
feated and defended man. He was kept out of his bed by
visitors as long as decency would allow, and, after the ex-
citement had subsided a little, was allowed to resume con-
trol of his own actions again. Although he must have

544
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
been greatly fatigued, he did not show the slightest im-
patience during the trying ordeal of hand-shaking which
he passed through.
There was not a prouder city in America that night
than San Francisco. She felt that she had distinguished
herself by honoring General Grant. She had not had the
experience of eastern cities, but she had done fully as well
as any of them could do. The General might meet with
receptions grander than they had given him as he journeys.
toward the Atlantic, but he could not meet with a heartier
one.
At 11 o'clock a chorus of about two hundred voices
sang an anthem of welcome at the Palace Hotel. It was
in the nature of a serenade, and was well rendered and
received.
During Sunday General Grant made no public appear-
ance other than to take a ride in the Golden Gate Park
with Mayor Bryant. In the evening a crowd was drawn
to the corridors of the Palace Hotel, but the General did
not show himself.
The future movements of General Grant and party
embrace a grand entertainment at the California Theatre
on Monday, September 22. On Tuesday evening he will
attend a reception given by Mayor Bryant. On Wednes-
day or Thursday night the grand banquet at Bellmont
will be given. The following is one of the poems to be
read at this banquet. It is, in its way, a novelty, and was
written by the famous poet-scout, John Wallace Crawford.
It will be read with a number of others.
Dear Gineral, I ain't no great scollar,
An' I never done nothin' to brag,
'Cept this: I wor one of the outfit
As fought for our star-spangled flag.
An' to-day, while yer toasted by scholars,
An' by big bugs as made a great noise,
Why, I thought it the squar' thing to write yer,
An' chip in a word for yer boys.

TOUR AROUND THE WOrld.
545
'Cos, yer see, we ain't got the colatral
Nor the larnin' to dish it up right;
But ye'll find, should there be any trouble,
Our boys are still ready ter fight.
As for you, if they didn't correll yer,
You'd shake comrades' hands that yer seed,
An' that's why I wanted ter tell yer
We'll just take the will for the deed.
But ye're back, an' the men of all nations
Were proud to do honor ter yer;
An' I reckon, Ulysses, yer told 'em
Ye were proud of yer comrades in blue.
For you, we are sure, of all others,
Remembered our boys in the ranks
Who follered yer inter the battle,
An' gallantly guarded the flanks.
So, welcome! a thousand times welcome!
Our land is ablaze with delight;
Our people give thanks for yer safety;
Yer comrades are happy to-night.
We know yer are wearied an' tuckered,
But, seein' as ye're a new comer,
Ye'll Grant us one glance on this line, if
In reading it takes yer all summer.
The banquet at which this poem will be read promises
to be one of the most brilliant affairs of the kind that Cali-
fornia has ever had. The millionaires, the beauty and the
talent of the Golden State, will be represented. It is said
that at one table in the Bellmont mansion, the old home of
Ralston, men will sit down whose aggregate fortunes will
foot up nearly $200,000,000. Among them will be John
W. Mackey, the bonanza king, and Messrs. Jones, Sharon,
Flood, Fair, and other men of vast wealth who reside in
that city. But the entertainment will not be confined to
representatives of wealth alone, for every branch of the
arts, sciences and industries of the Pacific States will be
ably represented at the supper.
On the 30th he will go to the Yosemite Valley, re-
maining there about ten days. Then he will return to
Sar. Francisco and leave for Oregon. After visiting Port-

575
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
3
land, the Dalles, and other places, he will pay a visit to the
Bonanza mines at Virginia City, where he will be the
guest of his friend, John W. Mackey, the millionaire.
After this he will go straight to Chicago, where he will
attend the Army and Navy Re-union, November 5, then
to St. Louis, and then to his old home at Galena.
Dispatches from Oregon, Nevada, Yosemite Valley
and other parts of the country show that the grand wel.
come extended to the General at San Francisco will be but
the forerunner of those yet grander that await him. His
coming recalls the splendor of his military achievements.
The popular heart quickens to welcome the hero of the
war, who out of disaster organized victory.
The Romans were accustomed to give their generals a
triumphal march on their return from successful campaigns
of conquest by the sword. The whole world has united
in making General Grant's trip around the world a tri-
umphal march, and that, too, in honor at once of military
and pacific records. The foremost soldier of this genera-
tion, to say the least, he was a promoter of good will
among the nations, and especially of the policy of arbitra-
tion in international disputes. These two contrasting, yet
not inconsistent, records, conspired to make him honored,
and we might almost say revered, from Liverpool to Yo-
kohama.
The journey, which is now over so far as concerns the
outside world, was absolutely unique. History furnishes
no parallel to it. It can hardly be possible for him to reach
his final destination without being the recipient of most
flattering ovations. There was nothing partisan about the
reception at San Francisco. There were no distinctions
of republican and democrat. Even the Confederate
soldiers on the coast joined cordially in the honors, and
well they might. Never did the victor show such magna-
nimity as Grant at Appomattox. When General Lee.
:
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
547
,་ ,
**
}
directed the horses in his command turned over, General
Grant interrupted: "No, no; no horses, General Lee.
Your people will need them all for plowing." That little
incident, told by General Lee himself, fairly illustrates the
policy he pursued then and ever afterward toward the
South. The people of the United States might well join
as one man in expression of affectionate respect for "the
wanderer returned."
As General Grant's tour around the world is unprece-
dented in the annals of history, so his deportment appears
to have been unexampled in its freedom from the least alloy
of vanity. Surprised by the magnificent ovation in San
Francisco, he embraced his old classmate and fellow sol-
dier, General McDowell, in the presence of the eager mul-
titude, with the warmth and abandon of a boy. A hundred
ovations from the rulers and peoples of the Old World
seem not to have lifted him a hair's-breadth in his own esti-
mation. It seems to be as impossible to "turn his head"
as it was during the Rebellion to turn the flank of one of
his armies. The attentions showered upon him abroad
have been gratefully received and acknowledged as marks
of honor to his country, but personally regarded only as
pleasing incidents of a journey undertaken with a purpose
-the purpose of seeing the Old World and studying man-
kind, their habits, social customs and political institutions.
From this purpose he was no more to be swerved by the
blandishments of power than by the dictates of a false gen-
erosity before Fort Donaldson, when, to General Buckner's
request for a commission to arrange terms of capitulation,
he wrote: "No terms other than an unconditional and im-
mediate surrender can be accepted. I propose to move im-
mediately upon your works."
Obstinacy and modesty are not often combined in the
same character. With obstinacy there is usually much self-
assertion, as in the case of Andrew Jackson. It is also true
܂
pat
..

548
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
2
*:
.
that the armor of an obstinate character is not infrequently
successfully assailed by flattery. But General Grant is as
impervious to flattery as he is free from the vice of self-
assertion. The career of General Grant is scarcely less inar-
velous and far more illustrious than that of Napoleon I.
But, while with Napoleon it was, "I am the State," with
Grant it is, "I was an humble instrument in the hands of
the people." Napoleon's confidence in himself bordered
closely on belief in his own infallibility; but General Grant,
in his letter accepting a second nomination to the Presidency,
said, humbly: "Experience may guide me in avoiding mis-
takes inevitable with novices in all professions and in all
occupations."
Such a confession is rare in a state paper,
and it shows the courage of an integrity fearless of results,
To an unconspicuous friend General Grant once sent this
message: "I am now convinced that I did you injustice. I
regret it, and, if I ever have an opportunity, I will recom-
pensate you." In this characteristic of daring to confess an
error, whether in a state paper or in a communication to an
humble friend, General Grant resembles Lincoln. The
martyr President had no pride of opinion where public
interest or private right was concerned; neither has Gen-
eral Grant. This quality is by no means peculiar to all
great men. It is found only in characters which, intrinsic-
ally grand, are rendered almost sublime by their simplicity.
Writing of General Grant in 1865, the New York World
made this estimate of his character as a military man:
"When the mass of men look upon such a character,
they may learn a truer respect for themselves and each
other; they are taught by it that high qualities and great
abilities are consistent with the simplicity of taste, con-
tempt for parade, and plainness of manners with which
direct and earnest men have a strong and natural sympa-
thy.
Grant stands pre-eminent among all the
generals who have served in this war in the completeness
* * *
-
"6

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
549
"
*
of his final results.
If anybody is so obtuse or
wrong-headed as to see nothing great in General Grant
beyond his marvelous tenacity of will, let that doubter ex-
plain, if he can, how it has happened that, since Grant
rose to high command, this quality has always been exerted
in conspicuous energy precisely at the point on which
everything in his whole sphere of operations hinged.
There has been no display of great qualities on small oc-
casions; no expenditure of herculean effort to accomplish
objects not of the first magnitude. It is only a very clear-
sighted and a very comprehensive mind that could always
thus have laid the whole emphasis of an indomitable soul
so precisely on the emphatic place.”
General Grant's series of receptions beyond the oceans
was the logical result of this excellent estimate of his char-
Let it be
acter as developed chiefly in his military career.
admitted that General Grant's remarkable journey is merely
evidence of the hero-worship to which mankind is so
strongly addicted. Still it must be conceded that all the
world does not unite to crown a man a hero without good
cause. Napoleon ended his brilliant career miserably, a
prisoner at St. Helena, held there by the fears and hates of
all Europe.
General Grant, having enjoyed the highest honor the
nation can bestow, returns from his triumphal tour around
the world, to be made the recipient of a welcome as hearty,
fraternal and tender as the subdued cry of joy with which
the father embraces his first-born child returning from a
long absence.
*
In the presence of this grand demonstration, this spon-
taneous outpouring of patriotism and affection, partisanship
is hushed, and the American people, as a unit, receive back
to their bosom and confidence the beloved General who
beat back the waves of rebellion and saved the nation.
The welcome extended to him comes up from the hearts
550
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
•
;
of the people. It is expressive of the gratitude of the
nation of the popular confidence in the tried captain in
war and leader in times of perilous civil commotion. It is
not confined to the Pacific slope. It is not confined to this
day or generation. The place which he to-day holds in the
hearts of the people is that which he will hold in the hearts
of the American people while the nation exists.
Perhaps nothing will better illustrate the high pitch of
public enthusiasm in San Francisco so much as the follow-
ing extracts from the three leading newspapers there. The
Chronicle had a column leader headed, "Hail to the Chief,"
from which the following is selected:
"The jubilant peal of bells throughout the city, the shrill
scream of a hundred steam whistles, and the reverberated
thunders of artillery from the batteries of the fortresses that
guard our harbor and the Golden Gate, have announced the
arrival of San Francisco's expected guest. He returns to
this country after receiving the homage of the civilized
world, crowned with such honors as have never before been
bestowed by foreign nations upon any citizen of the United
States. Regarded everywhere as a great representative
American, the testimony of admiration and respect paid him.
at every stage of his journey redound to the honor of hist
country, with which, throughout the world, his name and
fame and illustrious deeds are identified. Thus the nation
itself derives fresh prestige from the renown and achieve-
ments of its most distinguished living citizen, who, without
official position, occupying a private station, with no favors
to bestow and no patronage to dispense, will be welcomed
home by his grateful countrymen with such tokens of con
fidence and enthusiastic affection as have never been exhib-
ited by Americans to any citizen, or any illustrious visitor
from abroad, since the days of Washington and Lafayette;
and it is fitting that this should be so, for, assuredly, when
this generation shall have passed away, when the fierce pas-

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
551
5
sions engendered by a bitter strife shall have been tranquil-
ized, the voices of prejudice and calumny that have been so
loud against his great name will be hushed forever, and the
verdict of impartial history will be that, since the foundation
of our government, no American, however bright the halo
that time has cast around his memory, has deserved better
of his country than Ulysses S. Grant."
The Call, after reviewing the glorious war record of the
General, and quoting his modest, magnanimous language
to General Sherman, when the rank of General of the
Army was conferred upon him, goes on to say:
"What picture of grandeur and simplicity of character
is presented in this career; what magnanimity, what patri-
otism, what cool judgment, what clear-sighted sagacity,
what singleness of purpose, what subordination of all ego-
tistical and selfish considerations to duty and the public
good! Here was a man who sought no personal ends, who
had none of the airs of little greatness, who abhorred fuss
and feathers, who never attitudinized before the public, or
courted popularity by melodramatic vices; a man such as
Tennyson has described the 'Iron Duke' to be — moderate,
resolute, our greatest, yet with least picture foremost, cap-
tain of his time, rich in saving common-sense, and, as the
greatest only are, in his simplicity sublime."
The Alta Californian, General McComb's paper, had
a double-leaded editorial, as follows:
"The Tokio has come, and so has Grant, at present the
Foremost man of the nation, and whom San Francisco and
California are pleased and happy to honor. He left this
State more than a quarter of a century ago, when it was
but a crude country, known chiefly for its gold and climate,
and for the inrushing hosts of 'fresh-lipped men,' seeking
gold, and anticipating a speedy return to the old home-
steads. He left us and went to the East. Since then the
scarcely more than a territory with a population of miners
A
. હું

552 GEN. U. S. GRANT'S TOUR AROUND THE WOrld.
has become almost an Empire State, summing her popula-
tion by the million, and boasting of her prolific soil, richer
in its productions of breadstuffs than it had formerly been.
in its crop of gold; and General Grant cannot but be sur
prised, if not astonished, as he sees the evidences here of
that intelligence, industry and confidence which have
changed a sand bank into a city of a third of a million
people. We noticed him as he rode through the streets last
night over solid pavements, which he left as little better
than sand and mud, as his eyes were seeking some well
known and remembered shanty or abode of an ancient con.
struction. But instead they followed up the facades of pal-
ace-like structures, their windows brilliant with illumina-
tions of gaslight, electricity, and ladies' eyes from the Orient
isles, just awakened from their dreams of centuries, and
rushing forward in the race of a new civilization with the
vim and vigor of a new-born people. He comes back to
the scenes of his young manhood, to a people who have
already built up here a State and city and civilization which
will compare with any he has visited while girding the
world about; and this people have shown their delight at
his presence by a welcome which comes from the heart, as
a tribute to the foremost man of the nation. And so say
we all,"

SEA-LIONS ON ROCKS OFF SAN FRANCISCO.

*


S
.
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
On the morning of September 23d the Methodist Con-
ference, which had been in session for several days, called
in a body on General and Mrs. Grant. Bishop Haven
made an address of welcome, and a formal presentation to
the General and Mrs. Grant followed. An hour was taken
up before the presentation was concluded. The prepara-
tions made around the new city hall for the formal pre-
sentation of General and Mrs. Grant to the citizens of San
Francisco were of an elaborate character. The Mayor's
office, which was used as a reception room, was hand-
somely draped with flags. At half-past twelve o'clock a
crowd began to assemble in front of the McAllister street
entrance, and shortly after the passage, steps and every
point of advantage were thronged with people. At the
Market street side of the building there was also a large
crowd awaiting the arrival of the veterans to fire salutes
from the sand lots. As the hour for the reception ap-
proached, the crowd grew denser, filling up the corridors
and entrances of the building. A squad of thirty police-
men was detailed to keep the passages open. At a quarter
to one the veterans — Federal and Confederate arrived
upon the "sand lots," taking up a position near Market
street. The first gun was fired at ten minutes to one, the
other thirty-seven guns succeeding each other at intervals of
one minute. The people massed along the line of Market
street. After the salute the veterans fell into line, entered
the corridor, and marching down its length countermarched
555
j
556
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
and took up a position awaiting the arrival of the General.
A few minutes later the ex-President and party arrived at
the McAllister street entrance and were greeted with
cheers. The windows of the houses opposite and the
housetops were crowded with people who waved handker-
chiefs and sent up cheer after cheer as the party alighted.
As the General proceeded along the pavement, escorted by
the Mayor, the enthusiasm broke out afresh along the
corridor. Kunning from the lower entrance to the Mayor's
office were ranged the veterans, posted in two lines. Their
commander, Colonel Lyons, stepped forward as General
Grant and the Mayor reached the corridor, and said:
"Now, boys, three cheers for your old commander!" The
The party
veterans responded with enthusiastic hurrahs.
then proceeded to the Mayor's office, where a committee of
ladies were waiting to receive Mrs. Grant and assist her.
Mrs. Grant did not arrive until some time after the General,
The
who took up his position in the centre of the room.
southeast corner of the room was assigned to the ladies.
Directions were then issued to admit the multitude.
After a few of the invited guests had been presented to the
General the crowd filed in, shook hands with the city's
guests, and passed out at the Market street entrance after
All the afternoon a constant
presentation to Mrs. Grant.
stream of visitors poured through the apartments, and all
were greeted with a hearty shake of the hand, the General
not adopting the suggestion of the Mayor that hand shak-
ing might be dispensed with on account of the great rush,
and expressing his opinion that he could "fight it out on
that line all summer."
Previous to the salute on the "sand lots," the General
reviewed the veterans at their rendezvous in Mechanics'
Pavilion.
On the morning of the 24th General Grant visited the
Produce Exchange, and witnessed a grand display of
"

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
557
cereals of the Pacific coast, which no city in the world
could probably excel. He was much gratified at the ex-
hibition, and expressed in a few words his congratulations.
After that, accompanied by General McDowell, a govern-
ment tug conveyed him to all the forts in the bay, where
he was received with military honors. Upon landing at
Black Point, General McDowell's headquarters, the party
was greeted by a salute, and the troops were drawn up in
line to receive General Grant. At General McDowell's
residence a collation was prepared, and a formal reception
tendered to the distinguished guest. Among the promi-
nent citizens present were Governor Irwin and Governor-
elect Perkins, ex-Governor Stanford, ex-Governor Low,
Senator Booth, Senator Sharon, ex-Senator Stewart, Jus-
tice S. J. Field, Judge Ogden Hoffman, D. O. Mills, and
other distinguished citizens, generally accompanied by their
ladies.
Before the reception began, the General was visited by
the chief representatives of the Chinese community, headed
by their Consul and the Chinese Vice-Consul, who read
the following congratulatory welcome:
“GENERAL—We feel deeply gratified that we were per-
mitted to meet you face to face, and express to you how
sincerely we appreciate the fact that you have visited our
country, and consulted with its rulers, and become familiar
with the important features of both government and peo-
ple. It gives unbounded pleasure to learn that you re-
ceived a warm welcome, commensurate with the high
esteem your noble deeds fully entitled you to at the hands
of the Chinese authorities and people. Let us hope that
your visit will have a tendency to bring the people of the
oldest and youngest nations in still closer friendly and com-
mercial relations. The Chinese of California join with
your countrymen in the acclaim,' Welcome home,' and add
the sentiments that you may live long, and, like the great
Į

558
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
A
Washington, be first in war, first in peace, and first in the
hearts of your countrymen."
To this was added by the dignitaries:
"TO GENERAL GRANT-We join our voices to prolong
the pean which has girdled the earth, wafted o'er seas and
continents. Praises to the warrior and statesman most
graciously presented by the Chinese of California.”
The General replied:
“GENTLEMEN-I am very glad to meet the representa-
tives of the Chinese community, and receive this address.
I have, as you say, just returned from a visit to your coun-
try. It was a most interesting visit—one that I shall
always remember, and especially because of the kindness
and hospitality shown me by the people and the authorities
of China. For that I am grateful, and glad of an oppor-
tunity of expressing that gratitude so soon after my arrival
at home. I hope that the remark you make about China
breaking down the seclusion in which she has been shrouded
for ages will prove true in all senses, and that China will
continue to draw near to her the sympathy and the trade
of the civilized world. The future of China will largely
depend upon her policy in this respect. A liberal policy
will enlarge your commerce, and confer great commercial
advantages upon the outside world. I hope that America
will have a large share in this. Again I thank you."
After presenting the address Colonel Be: said that
Mrs. Grant had done more to break down the spirit of do-
mestic exclusiveness that reigned in China than the warrior
had done, by the honors shown her in Tientsin. He
begged that she would accept a small casket of ivory as a
memento of the occasion. The reception lasted till 6
o'clock; the party returned to the city, and in the evening
attended Baldwin's theater.
The announcement that General Grant would visit the
Baldwin theater sufficed to pack the building to its utmost
+

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
559
capacity. The proscenium box designed for the occupancy
of the General and his party, was handsomely decorated
with flowers and national colors. The programme for the
evening comprised the "balcony" and other scenes from
"Romeo and Juliet," and "Diplomacy." General Grant
and party arrived shortly before 9 o'clock, between the
acts. A great crowd gathered at the entrance, cheering
vociferously as he alighted. On making his appearance in
the box the audience rose to their feet and cheered and
applauded for several minutes, while the orchestra struck
up "See, the Conquering Hero Comes," followed by a
medley of national airs, accented by discharges of mus-
ketry from behind the scenes.
On the 25th General Grant visited Oakland, the resi-
dence of thousands of San Francisco merchants, and the
second largest city on the Pacific Coast. The General was
received with a salute of thirty-eight guns, the fire whis-
tles, profusion of bunting, masses of people, and display
of flowers of all descriptions at once announced that an
ovation was in store for him. Mayor Andrus, of Oakland,
who was formerly a carpenter, received General Grant
with the following words:
;
"GENERAL GRANT: Your merited ovations have en-
circled the world; they have been as grand and varied as
the nations that have offered them; and yet, along them
all there has been no more earnest, sincere, and cordial wel-
come than the city of Oakland now extends to you—this
pre-eminently city of homes and of families, of husbands
and wives, of parents and children, of churches and
schools. There is no tie more sacred and lasting than that
of the family. At the family altar the fires of liberty are
first kindled, and there patriotism is born. Love of home,
of kindred, and of country is the source and foundation of
our welcome to you-defender of our firesides and fami-
lies."

560
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
way.
The procession then formed and moved along Broad-
The enthusiasm of the populace was unbounded.
At the entrance of Clay and Fourteenth street 5,000
school children greeted General Grant, who alighted from
the carriage, passing down one row of children and up
another, while the little ones literally bestrewed his path
with flowers, the High School singers chanting a glee, and
Grant's Des Moines words, "The free schools are the pro-
moters of that intelligence which is to produce us a free
nation,” hanging high above his head. All the girls wore
white dresses, tastefully trimmed, and, as the General re-
entered his carriage they cast showers of floral tributes at
his feet. General Grant was visibly affected, and every
now and then would stretch forth his hands to embrace
some very small child who would approach timidly with
'her bouquet. Not alone the schools of Oakland, but those
of Haywards, San Leandro, Alameda, and other suburban
points were represented. A prettier display could not have
been made. Garlands of red, white and blue streamers
stretched across the street, while the national colors floated
high above all on the city hall.
As the procession passed on again along Broadway and
'Twelfth streets, the words, "Welcome and Honor the
Brave," in red geraniums and white candy tufts, were visi-
ble at more than a dozen houses. Soon after 1 o'clock the
pavilion was reached, and General Grant, with the Mayor,
took seats in a canopied dias in the center of the building,
which was tastefully decorated with festoons, bouquets,
wreaths and plumes of Pampas grass. On the wall facing
the General were the words, "Honor to Grant," and over
them the coat of arms of Illinois, surrounded by a wreath,
while beneath and around were shields representing the
other thirty-seven states. The First Regiment band
played "Hail Columbia," and the Oakland Cavalry, Mexi-
ican War Veterans. and National Guard Infantry, together
•

TOUR AROUND THE WOrld.
561
4
with representatives of Oakland's renowned Fire Depart-
ment, marched in and around the halls.
About two o'clock the procession moved on to Tubb's
hotel, where an excellent lunch was spread. The arrange-
ments were admirable. Every person entering the lunch-
room had a ticket, and thus all confusion was avoided. At
a quarter to four o'clock Mayor Andrus rose and proposed
General Grant's health, after which, all speeches being
taken as read or spoken, the party adjourned. The Gen-
eral entered a carriage with six horses, and was taken round
the Fruitvale Road, toward the Mills seminary, the young
ladies from which had come out in full force. Returning
at 4:15 to the hotel, the carriages proceeded to Badger's
Park, where an old sailors' and soldiers' camp-fire took place.
Ex-President Grant was escorted to a platform, on which
were ranged tables with pork and beans, coffee in camp-
kettles, tin cups, platters and spoons, iron table-knives,
tobacco and clay pipes, the camp-fire lights being visible
from the platform. The Federal and Confederate veterans
had here united to do him honor, and many were those who
stepped up to the General, and reminded him of "Auld
Lang Syne." About five o'clock Major L. B. Edwards
silenced the cheering crowd, and said: "Veterans, allow
me to introduce General Grant." The hero of Appomat-
tox then stepped forward, and, amid breathless silence,
spoke as follows:
GENTLEMEN OF THE TWO ARMIES AND NAVIES: I am
very proud of the welcome you have given me. I am partic-
ularly happy to see the good-will and cordiality existing be-
tween the soldiers of the two armies, and I have an enduring
faith that it will always be so. I hope we shall never have
a foreign war; but, if we do, I doubt not you and your
children will be found fighting on the same side, and against
a common enemy. I hope the day will never come when
it will be necessary for us to take up arms again. I am

562
GENERAL U. s. GRANT'S
..
;
perfectly satisfied, from travel around the world, that no
foreign power desires to come in conflict with us, should
any difficulty unfortunately arise, that they will always be
willing to submit to friendly arbitration, and that being all
that we can desire, I feel confident America has a long ca-
reer of peace and prosperity before her.
The enthusiasm created by this speech was indescrib-
able. One veteran shouted, "That's the longest speech
Grant ever made." A brief walk through the park termi-
nated the proceedings, and at 5:40 General Grant took the
train at Clinton station and returned to the city, thanking
Mayor Andrus and W. W. Crane, of the arrangements
committee, for their admirably organized reception.
The Mayor had previously handed General Grant a
richly-mounted morocco case containing the freedom of the
city, embossed on parchment; and armed with this, and
both hands full of bouquets presented by children, the Gen-
eral returned at seven o'clock, with Shipping Commisioner
Stephenson and United States District Judge Hoffman, to
the Palace hotel. He made a brief appearance at the press
banquet, then being given to John Russell Young, of the
New York Herald.
In reply to a toast, General Grant responded, briefly
expressing his gratification at the welcome awarded him in
California, concluding with "The good opinion of my coun
trymen is dearer to me than the praise of all the world be-
side."
After attending the press banquet, the General and
party went to the carnival at Mechanics' Pavilion, where
more than ten thousand persons were assembled. Col-
onel Andrews, of the diamond palace, who organized this
ball, signalized the occasion by presenting Mrs. Grant with
a bouquet composed of the flowers indigenous to the vari-
ous countries she passed through in her tour around the
world. These flowers were placed in regular order, start-

WELCOME
WELCOME
WELCOME
GRANT
HOME
HOME
).
GRAND ARCH ERECTED ON NEW MONTGOMERY STREET,
SAN FRANCISCO.

į
¿
..::
E
÷
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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
505
..
ing from Philadelphia and ending with San Francisco,
The bouquet-holder, five inches long, was of pure Califor-
nia gold, and inlaid with quartz, and a collection of other
metals found on this coast. It was a costly present, and
will undoubtedly be esteemed as a precious memento of the
visit to California. Mechanics' Pavilion was superbly dec-
orated with several hundred large stars, the fountains play-
ing in the center space, opposite the box reserved for the
Grant party. This box was magnificently arranged with
flowers and flags, satin programmes being provided for the
honored guests. Seven different committees, each com-
posed of nine persons, were to decide upon the best-dressed
lady, the best-dressed gentleman, and the most original
character, lady and gentleman; the best sustained charac-
ter, the best-formed lady, the handsomest blonde, the hand-
somest brunette, the best waltzer, the tallest lady, the short-
est lady, the fattest lady, the leanest lady, the handsomest
lady, the homeliest gentleman, the best-dressed girl, the
best-dressed boy, and the best-sustained character, boy and
girl. The prizes were seventy-nine in number. The only
ladies' committee was that selected to decide on the chil-
dren's prizes. At 9 o'clock commenced the grand march
around the pavilion, a miniature mardi gras. Subsequent
arrangements comprised a prize waltz at 11, at which only
the competitors were allowed on the floor, forty soldiers of
the First Regiment drilling shortly afterwards in the Gen-
eral's presence, and Haverly's. Minstrels playing before
him half an hour later. Midnight was fixed for the an-
nouncement and distribution of prizes. The supper ar-
rangements were in the hands of the Baldwin and Palace
hotel chiefs. Forty ushers officiated, and the whole thing
was conducted on a scale of completeness rare even in older
communities than San Francisco.
On the 26th General Grant and party left on a special
566
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:
train for San Jose. As it passed San Mateo, the cadets of
St. Matthew's academy were drawn up on a platform at
"present arms." The whole population of the village be-
hind them greeted the train with cheers. Flags were fly-
ing all over the town. The train arrived at San Jose at
11:30 A. M. There was an immense crowd at the depot,
and the train was met by Mayor Archer and the commit-
tee. Upon stepping from the train, the Mayor, in a
brief address, welcomed General Grant, who, in response,
said:
MR. MAYOR AND LADIES AND Gentlemen - I
am glad to see you all, and thank you for this kind recep-
tion. You speak of my reception by the sovereigns and
princes of the world. I am prouder of this than all this
kindness from the sovereign people of my own country.
Ladies and gentlemen, I thank you.
General Grant then, accompanied by Mayor Archer,
entered a barouche drawn by four magnificent horses. The
other guests followed, and the procession proceeded through
the principal streets of the city, halting at the court-house,
where one thousand school children stood, and bedecked
the General's carriage with flowers, shortly afterwards
uniting in singing "America." San Jose was festooned and
decorated as befitted a rural country seat, the emblems be-
ing appropriate and handsome.
100
At 1 o'clock the Fair Grounds were reached, and an ex-
hibition of fine stock was paraded before the party. A
magnificent Australian horse was among the animals ex-
hibited. The Mexican veterans were then introduced to
Grant, and it was remarked, "You see, General, these
veterans still live." "Yes," replied Grant: "most of those
now living are older than I am but, when the last of them
has dropped off, then I must be thinking of departing."
At precisely 2 o'clock began the trotting match between
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
567
L
Gov. Leland Stanford's Occident and Daniel Cook's horse
the latter horse winning in three straight heats,
$
Graves
time 2:20, 2:20, 2:23.
Shortly after 4 o'clock the party re-entered the carriages
and drove to Santa Clara, passing the old Jesuit Seminary,
built in 1773, and inspecting the splendid grounds of J. P.
Pierce, formerly owned by Gen. William Leut, of Bodie
Bonanza fame. While the carriages were passing through
Santa Clara on the way back, a number of tanners in every-
day working-clothes turned out and greeted their ex-fellow-
craftsman.
San Jose, where all business was suspended, was again
reached at 5 o'clock, and here the illustrious guests were
vouchsafed a season of rest. As the evening drew on, ex-
President Grant received a number of citizens at the Auze-
rias house, and at 8 o'clock took place the grand banquet,
100 gentlemen dining with Gen. Grant, and twenty ladies
with Mrs. Grant. The party returned to San Francisco
after 10 o'clock. The whole affair, under the auspices of
Mayor Archer, Gov. Woods, T. O. Houghton, and G. F.
Baker, was a grand success, and San Jose will undoubtedly
remain enshrined in the General's memory in connection
with his reception.
On the 27th the General visited the San Francisco Stock
and Exchange Board. Pine street between Sansome and
Montgomery was thronged with people in anticipation of
his visit. The hall and lobby were densely crowded, a lane
for entrance being kept open by the police. The Board-
room which is a work of art in itself, was tastefully
decorated with flowers, ferns and smilax. Business opened
at the usual hour and soon afterwards the ex-President and
his party arrived. President Peckham led his guests to the
centre of the arena, those sacred precincts usually reserved
exclusively for the brokers, and there, in an excellently
worded speech, introduced the General to his fellow-brok-
AN

568
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
ers.
The bulls and bears cheered, and shouted in unison
for once in their lives, and then Mr. Peckham conducted
the visitors to a dias canopied with rich flags of California
silk, sprigs of evergreens, ferns and verdure in general.
This dias, a little to the callers' right, commanded a ful
view of the proceedings, which thereupon re-commenced
in good earnest. There was the ordinary hustling and
jostling of the apparently infuriated maniacs, as they strove
to obtain their number of shares, at five or ten cents below
the market rates. Gen. Grant was much amused as he be-
held them swaying to and fro. Sellers in pursuit of buyers,
and vice versa.
The General remained until the close of
the Comstock call and then departed, escorted to the door
by President Peckham, and Vice-President Lissak. The
passage and steps were lined with ladies and gentlemen,
forming an improvised guard of honor, till the General
reached his carriage.
On leaving the Stock Board, Gen. Grant visited the
Anglo-California bank, and subsequently the California
market.
About 3 o'clock he accompanied Mrs. Grant to the
California theatre to witness the last acts of the "Color
Guard," and at night they were again at the same theater,
with General and Mrs. McDowell and Mayor and Mrs.
Bryant. The performance consisted of an opera "never,"
or, perhaps more correctly, "hardly ever," played in the
East, in which Emelie Melville played "Josephine," and
Frank Unger played the "Admiral's " part. After "Sir
Joseph " had vocally narrated a wholly unfamiliar story, he
was so loudly applauded that, removing his hat and turn-
ing to the mezzanino box to his left, he sang:
"And now, as the ruler of the Queen's navee,
I am pleased our honored guest to see,
Who has sailed the briny ocean o'er,
But has never seen the good ship "Pinafore."
-CA
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
569
He's the only man in the world, do you see,
That has never met the ruler of the Queen's navee."
Whereat the audience applauded enthusiastically, and
Mrs. Grant smiled. As there were no physicians about, it
is impossible to give a diagnosis of Grant's symptoms after
seeing "Pinafore." Suffice it to say he is still an Ameri-
can, and “its greatly to his credit.”
At 10 o'clock the General visited the camp-fires of the
Federal and Confederate soldiers and sailors, at Mechanics'
Pavilion. Only ex-soldiers were admitted to the floor, and
it was estimated there were five thousand of these present,
while the galleries were crowded with spectators. Not
only coffee and hard-tack, but beer, cheese, crackers and
plug tobacco formed prominent features of the entertain、
ment. There seemed to be a lack of organization at this
camp-fire. Invitations were issued by thousands in excess
of the capacity of the building. The great idea of the
managers seemed to have been a big demonstration, and
to that end tickets were distributed right and left, admit-
ting "bearer and ladies." The doors appear to have been
placed in charge of irresponsible youngsters, who received
those best qualified to enter, with fixed bayonets. Occa-
sionally a squad of men would enliven the scene by charg-
ing the surging crowd, and those without tickets seemed,
on the whole, to stand a better chance of getting in than
those with tickets.
Crowds forced their way into the place until the floor
must have contained from 7,000 to 8,000 persons. They
climbed on chairs, on tables, and many were the break-
downs and numerous the screams. Meanwhile the sentinel
barred the doors, and thus excluded men like Gen. Mc-
Comb and Marcus Boruck. The veterans outside were
indignant at being left out, grew uproarious, and some got
step-ladders and scaled the walls, entering by the windows.
Then sentinels from within battened down the windows,

570
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:
7
while policemen withdrew the ladders. Fortunately no
one was injured, but a very bad feeling prevailed. On the
estrade beneath which General Grant was seated were
tents, cannon, and masses of bunting. General Grant, in
reply to his health, expressed his pleasure at being among
the veterans. All the orators who followed bellowed forth
their remarks, and a lady orator, reciting some heroic
verses, pitched her voice at about sixty-horse power.
Ladies and invited guests fared no better than any one else.
It was
a scene notably never to be forgotten by those
present.
-
General Grant's reception of public school children,
at Woodward's Gardens, on the 29th, was the most enthu
siastic ovation he had yet received. Before eleven o'clock
not less than twenty thousand youngsters swarmed the
Gardens, while the street cars were jammed, and thousands
making their way to the rendezvous on foot. At 11:30 the
General's arrival was heralded by a discharge of cannon,
and the vociferous cheers of Lincoln school boys, who
were drawn up at the entrance as a guard of honor.
Escorted by the Board of Education, he walked between
the files of children, crowded in every avenue, to the
pavillion, where a stage had been arranged for the recep-
tion of the party. Ten thousand boys and girls were
crowded in the building, and as the General made his
appearance, the cheers, stamping, whistling and "cat call-
ing" were deafening, while from every part of the building
bouquets rained upon the stage and the occupants. After a
few minutes the enthusiastic youngsters were reduced to
comparative quiet, when Mr. Heister, President of the
Board of Education, addressed General Grant as follows:
९
"GENERAL GRANT: Your loyalty to the public
school system of the United States has impelled the
school children of San Francisco to extend this special.
greeting. The children, their parents, and the Board of
2

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
571
Education, recognize in you a true and fearless friend of
popular education, and are proud to look you in the face-
and take you by the hand. Allow me, sir, to present you.
to the children and teachers connected with the public
schools of San Francisco. These happy faces will tell
their own story."
Another uproarious outbreak of applause followed, after
which the General addressed his audience to the following
effect:
"It is a gratifying sight to witness this evidence of edu-
cational privileges afforded by this young city. The crowds
gathered inside and outside this building indicate that
every child of an age fit for school is provided for. When
education is universally diffused we may feel assured of the
permanency and perpetuity of our institutions. The great-
est danger to our people grows out of ignorance, and this.
evidence of universality of education is the best guarantee
of your loyalty to American principles."
More appropriate remarks could not have been made,
and they deserve to be treasured up by the people as the
embodiment of a great and incalculably important truth..
No tampering with popular education should be tolerated
in any part of the country. In the large cities the danger
of this is very considerable.
At the conclusion of his remarks, Gen. Grant and the
Board of Education made their way out of the building,
and, following the winding avenues of the gardens, pro-
ceeded to the great amphitheatre on the other side of the
grounds. Children by thousands lined the walks, and
pelted the party with bouquets, while shrill cheers and the
continual rattle of drums with which each class was pro-
vided, created a bedlam of noise. On reaching the
amphitheatre, where at least 20,000 boys and girls were
massed, the storm of floral missiles became heavier, and,
572
GENERAL U. s. ORANT'S
on gaining the stand near the exit, the party proceeded,
thoroughly dilapidated and crushed in appearance.
The General took a seat at the front of the platform,
and the assembled throngs then marched by to enable each
one to obtain a good look at him. As the enthusiastic
throng surged by, hundreds of hands were thrust out for a
passing shake, and the demand for autographs was alto-
The
gether beyond the General's ability to supply.
shower of flowers was kept up, despite the efforts of teach-
ers and members of the Board to stay it, and the party
At least
was almost overwhelmed with these tributes.
20,000 children were present, and, though the teachers
were able to maintain reasonably good order, it was impos-
sible to restrain the holiday spirits of the mass within the
bounds of decorum.
I
At o'clock the young legions were still marching
past in review with drums, banners, mottoes, and flags,
while the General maintained his position and faced the
constant fire of bouquets with his accustomed tenacity and
pluck.
•
At 2 o'clock the General returned to the Palace hotel
and wrote some private letters. At 4 o'clock he, with his
family, drove down to Milbrae, where he dined with a
small party at D. O. Mills' house. returning late in the
evening to the Palace hotel.
Gen. Grant and party left Oakland wharf for the Yo-
semite Valley at 8:30 A. M., Sept. 30th. The wharf was
covered with a dense mass of people. As the train moved
off three cheers were given. The General occupied a
special drawing-room car, and accompanying him were Mrs.
Grant, U. S. Grant, Jr., G. W. Dent, Gen. John F. Miller
wife, and daughter; Miss Flora Sharon, Miss Jennie Flood,
and John Russell Young. Throngs of people were gath-
ered at various way stations. At Martinez, a salute was

SESA, BREY
AURARY
ARRIVAL OF GENERAL GRANT AT SAN FRANCISCO.

:

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
575
*
fired, and near the depot the houses were decorated with
the National colors. At Antioch, school children were
drawn up in line upon the depot platform, and waved their
handkerchiefs as the train moved past. At Stockton, the
General was welcomed by Mayor Hyat and escorted along
a line composed of military companies, the Stockton fire
department, Union veterans, and veterans of the Mexican
war, to a carriage drawn by four white horses. The pro-
cession then formed and traversed the principal streets until
the court house was reached, where there was a concourse
of several thousand school girls dressed in white, who
saluted the visitors by waving 'kerchiefs and clapping their
hands. After passing the procession in review the General
was driven to the Yosemite house, where he received the
prominent citizens.
At the conclusion of the reception at the Yosemite.
house, the General retired to his apartments. At 4 o'clock
the distinguished guest and his party entered the dining-
room to partake of a collation offered by the leading citi-
After viands had been discussed, Gen. Grant, in
reply to an address of welcome by Mayor Hyat, said:
zens.
"GENTLEMEN: I am very much pleased to be back
in your city once more, which I have not seen in twenty-
five years.
I am very much obliged for the hearty recep-
tion at your hands, and will say that, though I have been
here several times, I have never stayed so long before.
When I was on the Coast before I visited Stockton six
times, but this is the first time a roof ever sheltered me in
your city. Among many gentlemen I met to-day was one
who was sure he knew me at Knight's Ferry in 1849.
While I would not dispute the gentleman's word, I was
never on this side of the Rockies previous to 1852. I was
only three times at Knight's Ferry in 1852 and 1854, and
think some one must have been personating me there.

576
GENERAY U. S. GRANT'S
[Loud laughter.] However, I am glad to meet you to-day,
and can never henceforth deny being in Stockton in 1879."
Dr. G. A. Shurtleff and State Senator Hudson, spoke
briefly, after which the company broke up. The General
and party left at 7:20 for the Yosemite, via Madeira,
which point they reached after midnight, and remaining in
the sleeping-car during the night, started by stage directly
after breakfast.
Previous to his departure from Madeira, the General
had a brief reception with citizens and residents of Fresno
City, and among the number who congratulated him upon
his return to his native land were several Union and Con-
federate veterans. At Fresno Flat he received further
congratulatory calls from Fresno County veterans. The
coach which conveyed the party was handsomely decor-
ated. Thirty-six horses were used in the trip, six changes
being made. Upon the arrival of the distinguished party
at Clarke's Station they were met at the stage and wel-
comed by J. B. Bruce and S. Washburn, and escorted to
the parlor of the hotel. The Mariposa brass band had
crossed the mountains, a distance of thirty-six miles, to join
in the ceremonies, playing "Hail to the Chief." Dinner
followed, after which an informal reception was held in
the hotel parlors. The General was serenaded, and retired
at an early hour.
On the morning of October 3d the General and party
entered the Yosemite Valley from Clark's Station, the
General and Mrs. Grant occupying the front seat of the
"coach and six," with the driver, fully determined to view
the delightful scenery, which the visitors said surpassed
anything they had observed on the Rhine or in Switzer-
land. Mrs. Grant was even more pleased than the ex-
President, Monroe, the driver, stating to a bystander, "I
never hauled a lady over these roads who was so enthusi-
astic."
-
·
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
577
..
At Lookout Point, whence there is a view of the distant
San Joaquin Valley and the hazy Coast Range, the stage
stopped awhile. At Inspiration Point, whence a sight is had
of the whole valley, the point of view in some of Hill's
pictures, the stage again stopped, and every one alighted.
The General mounted the top of the stage, and sat for some
time viewing the splendid prospect, and evidently appreci
ated fully its grandeur and beauty. When all were satis-
fied, the stage drove down the winding road and on to
Bernard's seven miles distant. While going through the
valley, the General allowed no object of interest to escape
him. He noted all the domes, roads and peaks, and asked
Monroe about hights and distances. The rest were equally
delighted. At the lower bridge over the Merced, a dozen
blasts had been set, which were fired in succession as the
stage was passing, unrolling terrific echoes. Nearly all the
population of the valley, including the tourists, were on
horseback, skurrying all the roads, at the windows, or on
the porches of the hotels, which were hung with flags and
liberally adorned with boughs of evergreen. As the stage
approached Leidig's, the proprietor of the hotel came out
and tendered the hospitalities of his place to the party. At
The stage
Black's the guests were on the front porch.
dashed on up to Bernard's, which had been trimmed with
evergreens and flags, and in many ways given a gala ap-
pearance, though Mr. Bernard had but a few hours' notice
of the honor intended him. As the vehicle neared the
steps, the Mariposa band, brought here for the purpose,
woke the echoes of the surrounding cliffs with "Hail to
the Chief." Some cheering followed, and there was a gen-
eral rush from the neighboring buildings toward the hotel.
The party were hardly recognizable for dust. There were
few greetings; all were at once shown to their rooms.
The following days were spent in exploring and visit-
ing principal points of interest-Glacier Point, Sentinel
578
GENERAL U. s. GRANT'S
:
Dome, El Capitan, the Three Graces, the Three Brothers,
Half Dome, North Dome and Yosemite Rock. After
spending a few as delightful days as the General had yet
seen, he, with his party returned to San Francisco, via of
the Big Trees and Mariposa and Merced. Arriving by
special train on the morning of the 7th, after spending a
few hours in the city, the General and party left early
in the afternoon, with Senator Sharon, for Belmont, where,
on the following evening, a grand reception was tendered
him by Senator Sharon. This fete at Belmont was the
most brilliant gathering that had ever taken place on the
Pacific Coast. The richness of ladies' costumes, the mag-
nificence of internal decorations, and the brilliancy of the
superb grounds, illuminated by thousands of Chinese lan-
terns, render the scene one of unsurpassed splendor. The
preparations were worthy of Senator Sharon's reputation.
Nothing had been omitted to give enjoyment to the guests,
and lend eclat to the occasion. The picture gallery of
the museum had been transformed into a vast banqueting-
room, where, among other preparations for the visitors,
figured one hundred baskets of champagne and fifteen
thousand Eastern oysters. Three trains took the city guests
down. The first, advertised to start at 7:30, left fifteen
minutes earlier, owing to the number of persons waiting
on the platform. Some of these had arrived at the depot
as early as six o'clock.
Belmont was reached in about an hour, and there
abundance of vehicles had been provided to convey the
Considering
party to the mansion about a mile distant.
that each train consisted of ten cars, it will be understood
this was no slight task. Numbers of ladies carried their
toilets in baskets with them, so that the uninitiated might
have thought them bent on a picnic excursion.
Dancing and ban-
Nearly 2,500 guests were present.
queting were the order of the evening.
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
579
II
At 11 o'clock the following morning, Gen. Grant re-
turned to the city, and at 12 o'clock was received by the
Chamber of Commerce and Board of Trade at the Mer-
chants' Exchange Building, in a manner exhibiting the
greatest respect and admiration for the illustrious man. The
two mercantile societies attended in full force. The rooms
of the Chamber of Commerce were decorated in a gor-
geous style for the occasion. Gen. Grant was escorted to
the platform from the Chairman's desk by the Hon. J. P.
Jones, and was met there by Governor-elect Perkins, the
President of the Chamber of Commerce, and Jacob T.
Taber, President of the Board of Trade. Mr. Jones intro-
duced the General with these words:
"PRESIDENTS AND MEMRERS OF THE CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE AND BOARD OF TRADE: I have the honor of
introducing a most distinguished citizen of the United
States, honored at home and abroad, Gen. Ulysses S.
Grant."
After enthusiastic cheers, Gov. Perkins made the follow-
ing address of welcome.
"GENERAL GRANT: The merchants of San Francisco,
represented by the Chamber of Commerce and Board of
Trade, have the honor to pay you their respects, desiring,
as merchants, to express their appreciation of your services
to our common country, recognizing the fact that universal
prosperity is best promoted by domestic and national inter-
course, and that through commerce and trade the nations
of the world are brought in most intimate relations, to
which great end peace is absolutely essential. They regard
you as the great chieftain whose military genius restored
domestic peace and civil law throughout our country. In
the hour of triumph your magnanimity did not allow you
to forget that the good-will of all our countrymen was as
necessary as the success of the armies under your command.
When intrusted with the highest office in the gift of the
580
GENERAL U. s. GRANT'S
people you proved to the world how war could be avoided
and peace secured by friendly arbitration. We regard you
as an honorable representative of our Republican citizen-
ship, more especially to be so esteemed because, although
successful in our war you have so fully appreciated the ad-
vantages of peace, while the honors bestowed upon you by
foreign potentates have never caused you to swerve from
the path of Republican simplicity and true American citi-
zenship. The merchants of San Francisco welcome you
to your native land, wishing you a happy return to your
home, many years of happiness, and an old age which shall
command the continued honor and the reverence of your
countrymen."
General Grant replied as follows:
me.
"GENTLEMEN OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND
BOARD OF TRADE OF SAN FRANCISCO: I hardly know
how to express my gratification at the kind and cordial
reception you, and not only you, but the people in every
place in the State and city that I have visited have given
There is no question but that the prosperity of the
country depends upon the class of people you gentlemen
represent. It requires just such people as we see here to
make it profitable for a man to labor with his hands; also,
to make profits for the whole nation. Anybody who has
been over the world as I have, has seen the degradation to
which laborers have fallen without some head to guide
them into the right course. In other countries the laborer
is sunk far below the poorest and most abject citizen of this
country. We have not a healthy person in America who
is willing to work, who is not better off than the best
laborers in any other country.
We need not be envious
or jealous of any country in the world.”
Applause and hand shaking followed.
A scroll on which the address of the two associations
was engrossed in a handsome manner, signed by the
..
V
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.:
presidents and secretaries, was presented to the General,
enclosed in a beautiful cylindrical case of Russia leather,
with this inscription embossed in gold letters:
“To General U. S. Grant, from the Chamber of Com-
merce and Board of Trade of San Francisco."
After leaving the Merchants' Exchange the General
drove to the Palace Hotel, and thence to Front street
wharf, where a vast crowd had gathered to see him depart
on the steamer St. Paul for Oregon.
The steamer and all other shipping in the vicinity were
gayly decorated. As General Grant went aboard a beau-
tiful American flag was run up to the masthead. There
was no cheering among the people, who seemed sorry to
have him go. Many distinguished people went on board
to bid him good-by. The party from the tug, besides the
General and his wife, included, among others, U. S. Grant,
Jr., Miss Jennie Flood, ex-Governor Low, wife and daugh-
ter, Senators J. P. Jones and A. A. Sargent, Lieutenant
Otis, John Russell Young, Louis Sloss, Captain Niebaum,
Martin Bulger, Fred. Kabe, C. F. Crocker and Mrs. Mc-
Dowell and daughter.
At 2:15 the St. Paul swung gracefully out from the
wharf, amid waving of handkerchiefs, quiet farewells, and
admiring remarks of the people.
The steamer St. Paul, with General Grant and party
on board, arrived at Portland, Oregon, on the 14th, the
citizens' committee and members of the press, having joined
the General at Vancouver. Just before leaving the wharf
at the latter place for Portland, the Honorable H. W. Cor-
bitt, chairman of the committee of reception, made the fol-
lowing address of welcome:
GENERAL GRANT: I take pleasure in introducing
to you this committee, and these distinguished officers
and gentlemen. We come to welcome you, and tender
you the hospitalities of the citizens of Portland; also to
Bal

581
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:.
the ends that accompany you. We evidently do not
now welcome the Lieutenant that left us twenty-six years
ago; neither can we receive you as a Lieutenant-General,
or as a General of the once great army of the Republic,
nor as President of these once more united States; but we
do receive you as a pre-eminently distinguished citizen,
who has enjoyed all these honors, who has won so many lau-
rels, and who has worn them with so much modesty and
grace. It will be the pleasing duty of another to express
more fully our sentiments, at the general reception tendered
you Wednesday evening at our new pavilion, where we
shall have the pleasure of presenting to you friends and
citizens from all parts of the State and the adjoining terri-
tory, who desire personally to testify their appreciation of
you and your valuable services to the nation.
You are
welcome, thrice welcome, to Oregon. It will give us
pleasure to escort you to our city at your earliest conven-
ience, where we hope to make your stay pleasant and agree-
able.
General Grant replied in a few words, simply express-
ing his thanks.
At least twenty thousand persons had assembled in the
vicinity of the dock, awaiting the arrival of the distin-
guished guest, amid the thunders of artillery, the clangor
of bells and the screaming of whistles, the St. Paul came
alongside her dock.
General Grant was met at the wharf by Mayor Thomp-
son, who said: "General Grant, as Mayor of the city of
Portland, on behalf of the citizens of this city, we extend
to you welcome, and tender you the hospitalities of Port-
land."
General Grant simply replied: "Mayor Thompson, I
thank you."
The party were then escorted to carriages in waiting.
The procession, under charge of Grand Marshal Colonel
.

Hollow
CUTTAULUTA
LAURIERETVALLE
unto QUEFON
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SILVER CITY, NEVADA.
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From a Photograp

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! TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
585
McCracken, at once formed in the following order Grand
Marshal and aides, Twenty-first Regimental bana, carriage
containing General Grant, Mayor D. P Thompson, Gov-
ernor W. W. Thayer, and General O. Howard. The
first division consisted of forty carrages containing promi-
nent visitors and officials, Fede", State and military. Fol-
lowing these came carriage containing officers of the Munic-
ipal Government of Portland and East Portland, members
of the Washingter Territorial Legislature, and many other
invited guests from abroad. The second division comprised
various military companies, United States troops, and four
militia companies of this city. The third division consisted
of the entire Fire Department of Portland, five companies
with their steam engines gayly trimmed and decked with
flags and ribbons. The fourth division was composed of
members of the Grand Army, civic societies and citizens.
The procession arriving opposite the Central school.
building, were met by two thousand or more school child-
ren, who were ranged along the sidewalk, dressed in gay
holiday attire. When the carriage containing General
Grant came opposite the centre column, the pupils' proces-
sion halted. Four little girls, each bearing in her hand a
large and elegant bouquet, stepped forward from the front
line and advanced to the carriage in which General Grant
sat, and presented him with the floral offerings. He took
the tributes and bowed his tanks. When the quartet.
withdrew and resumed their places in line, two thousand
childish voices immediately struck up the National anthem
"America." At the close of the singing, the Twenty-first
Regiment band responded, and rendered an appropriat
air.
The procession then resumed its line of marci: These
exercises were witnessed by many thousands and consti-
tuted one of the most pleasing and attract.ve episodes of
the day's demonstration. Continuing the line line of march,
586
GENERAL U. §. GRANT'S
:
the procession moved down Morrison to Front, and down
that street to the Clarendon hotel, where General Grant
and party stopped. The city was attired in gay holiday
trappings. Front and First streets presented to the eye a
perfect wilderness of flags and bunting for nearly a mile.
Shipping in the port displayed a profusion of flags and
streamers on every hand. Enthusiasm assumed a form
quite extravagant. For hours before the procession
moved, and during the time it was in motion, the streets
were jammed for many blocks by eager and enthusiastic
thousands. At times the streets were so crowded that the
procession moved with difficulty.
In the evening the General visited the Mechanics'
Pavillion, and attended a ball, at which one thousand per-
sons were present. Here he met many old comrades in
.arms.
Late in the afternoon of the 15th, General Grant vis-
ited, by special invitation, several public schools in the city
in company with Mayor Thompson. Short addresses.
were made by the children, to which the General res-
ponded. On taking his leave Grant was heartily cheered
by the children.
In the evening he was honored with a reception at the
Cascades, which was an enthusiastic and fitting tribute.
Eight thousand persons were present. Ex-Senator Corbitt
welcomed the distinguished party, and was followed by
Judge Strong in a most hearty manner. General Grant
responded at some length, alluding to his early residence.
and acquaintance on the Pacific Coast. He concluded:
4
"In your remarks you have alluded to the struggles of
the past. I am glad that they are at an end. It never was
a pleasure to me that they had a beginning. The result
has left us a nation to be proud of, strong at home, and
respected abroad. Our reputation has extended beyond the
civilized nations; it has penetrated even in the less civilized
1
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
587
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parts of the earth. In my travels I have noticed that for-
eign nations appear to respect us more than we respect
ourselves. I have noticed the grandeur at which we have
been estimated by other powers, and their judgments
should give us a higher estimate of our own greatness.
They recognize that poverty, as they understand it, is not
known with us. And the man of comparative affluence,
with them, is sometimes no better clad or fed than our pau-
per. Nowhere are there better elements of success than
on the Pacific Coast. Here those who fought on opposite
sides during the war are now peacefully associated together
in a country of which they all have the same right to be
proud. I thank the people again, through you, Judge
Strong, for this reception."
At the conclusion of the response, General Grant was
presented to the citizens. He remained at the Pavillion
about an hour, during which time thousands came forward
and shook hands with the guest. On leaving the Pavillion
the party proceeded to the Newmarket theatre to witness
a rendition of the military drama, "Ours."
On the 16th, the General and party visited Salem.
They were met at the depot by a large crowd of citi-
zens. Members of the Common Council acted as a com-
mittee of reception, and were in waiting at the depot.
Mayor G. W. Gray met the Ex-President at the platform,
and delivered a brief address of welcome, to which a very
short response was made. The entire party then entered
carriages and proceeded to the hotel. As the procession.
filed past the court house, General Grant was saluted by
pupils with hearty cheers. The procession marched on to
the hotel, and reaching which, the party alighted from the
carriages and were conducted into the parlor. An address
of welcome was delivered by S. C. Adams, to which the
Ex-President responded in brief and fitting terms. The
doors of the parlor of the hotel were thrown open, and a
.

588
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
general public reception followed. The reception lasted
about an hour, during which time over one thousand per-
sons passed through the room and were presented to Gen-
eral Grant and the other members of the party. At two
o'clock the reception ended, and the guests were escorted
to the dining room, where a collation was spread; about
one hundred and fifty persons sat down to the lunch.
Among the party were Governor Thayer, R. P. Earhart,
Secretary of State, and other State officials. Lunch being
over, the party took carriages, and, preceded by bands,
marched to the depot, and took a special train for Portland
at four o'clock. Salem was handsomely decorated in
honor of the event, and great enthusiasm was manifested.
General Grant stated that it was the first time he had ever
visited the city, and expressed himself as being gratified
with its handsome, thrifty appearance, and the hearty wel-
come accorded him.
At Gervais the citizens assembled at the depot, and
gave General Grant a hearty welcome. Flags were dis-
played from many buildings. The train stopped for only a
few minutes. At Aurora a like enthusiastic welcome was
given. At Oregon City over one thousand persons had
gathered at the depot, and received him with deafening
cheers and strains of music. Mayor Randall appeared on
the platform, and in a few appropriate words welcomed.
the General, who responded by thanking him. The train
stopped but a few moments, but hundreds improved the
opportunity to shake hands with him.
In the evening he attended a grand sacred concert at
Turn Halle, given by the Handel and Hayden Society, and
the following day the entire party sailed on the steamer
St. Paul for San Francisco.
On the morning of October 21, the steamer St. Paul,
with General Grant and party on board, arrived at San
Francisco, and the same evening they attended a reception
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
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...
*
at the residence of Charles Crocker. The house was ele
gantly decorated for the occasion, and a brilliant company,
numbering nearly eight hundred, were present.
On the 22d the General and party visited Vallejo,
inspected the Mare Island works, and then boarded the
train for Sacramento, arriving there at one o'clock, P. M.
All along the route they were heartily greeted at stations,
and a large concourse of people was at the depot when the
train arrived at Sacramento. A procession was formed
which completely filled the neighboring streets. Gov-
ernor Irwin and Mayor Turner escorted their distinguished
visitor to a carriage; after marching through the prin-
cipal streets the procession halted at the capital, where the
Hon. Henry Edgerton deivered an address of welcome.
General Grant responded, thanking the people of the
city and State for their warm reception, which was alike at
every place on the coast which he had visited. He said:
"Of all the hospitality bestowed, all the honor conferred,
there has been nothing so grateful to my heart as the
receptions I have received at the hands of the people here.
I would not say what has been done abroad. It has been
all that could be done for mortal, but it has not been done
for me. It has been done for the people whom I see before
me for the people of a great country that is recognized
abroad as one of the greatest countries of the world. If
we all, every one of us, could see other countries as I have
seen them, we would all make better citizens, or, at least,
the average of our citizens would be better.”
In the evening General Grant received in the Assembly
room, and Mrs. Grant in the Senate Chamber. Twenty
thousand people were in and about the building, which,
with the grounds, was brilliantly illuminated with calcium
lights while fireworks were generally displayed during
the passage of the party to and from the Capitol. Nine
thousand people shook hands with the General.
590
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
***
At ten o'clock the following morning General Grant
and invited guests visited the grammar school, to meet
the veteran soldiers and sailors and their families. He
was introduced, and informally passed around the room,
shaking hands with them. The children filed in and
sang “America.”
After lunch the party proceeded to Pioneer Hall, where
General Grant was presented with a certificate of member-
ship in the Sacramento Society of Pioneers. The General
returned thanks for the honor conferred, stating that he
supposed his early participation in the struggles which
made California a State had made him eligible as a Pioneer.
He paid a warm compliment to California and her people.
Members of the society and their families were then
presented.
The next place visited was Agricultural Park, where a
grand military review and sham battle took place. Gen-
eral Grant there, as elsewhere during the day, entered
with zest and spirit into the entertainment.
General and Mrs. Grant returned to San Francisco on
the 24th. At 2 P. M. the General visited the hall of the
California Pioneers, and was made a member; thence to
the Mexican War Veterans' headquarters, and dined with
Mayor Bryant. In the evening he attended the Pioneers'
banquet at the Lick House.
Notwithstanding the lengthy stay of General Grant on
the Pacific coast, the excitement continued as intense as
when he arrived five weeks before. Everything possible
was done to show him personal respect; and even more
than this was done to express to the distinguished guest a
national appreciation of his past services to his country.
People of all classes and political parties vied with each
other in their attentions showered upon him. At the resi-
dences of Senator Sharon, Charles Crocker, Mayor Bryant
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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
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and at the Palace Hotel, elegant entertainments were
given him, and everywhere even more than imperial
honors were paid him. He was made an honorary mem-
ber of the California Pioneers, of the St. Andrews, Cale-
donian, Army and Navy Clubs, and, in fact, of every
organization of note on the coast. Wherever he appeared
he was greeted by an ovation. Fifty thousand people
attended his public reception at the City Hall, while at
Sacramento and Oakland the citizens turned out en masse
on the occasion of his visit to those cities. Elegant, costly
testimonials of regard were presented to the General and
Mrs. Grant from admiring friends.
In the afternoon of the 25th, the General and party,
with Mayor Bryant, Senator Sharon and Charles Crocker,
attended an exhibition trot at Oakland, where a large
crowd greeted the ex-President with 'cheers. The first
trot was a field of eight trotters; between the heats St.
Julian was brought out to beat the best time made by
Rarus. At the word he passed under the wire at a square
trot, and for the entire mile made not a slip, finishing in
the unprecedented time of 2:1234. The result was re-
ceived with prolonged cheering, the General joining with
the rest.
In the evening, before his departure for Nevada, a ban-
quet, more elegant, more numerously attended than any
ever before given in that city, was tendered him at the
Palace Hotel. Invitations were issued to the representa-
tive men of the coast, and the result was that the banqueting
hall was a perfect congress of learned and honored men.
The banquet was held in the magnificent dining rooms of
the hotel. These were gorgeously decorated for the occa-
sion. Rare exotics and flowering plants were there in full
bloom, the odor from which permeated the air. Mayor
Bryant presided, and toasted the guest of the evening in
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592
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
-
:
an appropriate speech, to which the General responded
as follows:
GENTLEMEN OF SAN FRANCISCO: The unbounded
hospitality and cordiality with which I have been received
since I first put my foot on the soil of California has taken
deep root in my heart. It was more than I could have
expected; and, while it entailed some little fatigue at times,
I assure you I have been grateful for it. I have previously
been in California and on the Pacific coast, but have been
away a quarter of a century, and when I landed here the
last time, I found that none of the pioneers had growĽ
old, but if I should remain away another quarter of a cen·
tury, I might be compelled to confess that some of you had
grown old; and I want to see you again in your prime and
youth.
Gentlemen, in taking my departure, I want to thank
you all for the farewell reception given me this evening,
and to express the hope that whether or not I am to have
the happiness ever to visit your city again, I shall, at least,
meet one and all of you elsewhere, and if it should not be
in this life, that it may be in a better country.
At half past eleven o'clock at night, the General's party
bade good-bye. The company took a special train for
Nevada, being accompanied to the depot by many citizens.
General Grant's party arrived at Truckee station at
about noon the following day. From this point they visited
Lake Tahoe one of the most beautiful places on the
Pacific coast.
On arrival at the lake, the party was met by a number
of ladies and gentlemen from Carson. General Edwards.
made a brief speech of welcome, after which the party took
passage on a small steamer, and in an hour were landed
at Glenbrook, where an open train, with two engines richly
decorated, climbed up the mountain side, giving the guests
a most magnificent view of the forest lake.
:..

SILVER MINING IN NEVADA.

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TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
595
1.
At Summit, only three miles distant from the lake, as
the bird flies, but nine by rail, carriages were in waiting,
and Hank Monk, of Horace Greeley notoriety, with four
prancing grays, drove the General to the capital of Nevada.
On arrival there, the city seemed in a blaze. On the
principal streets were bonfires twenty feet apart, which
gave pleasant warmth to the welcome.
On the 27th, the General visited Virginia City. As
the train approached the city, they were greeted with a
chorus of whistles, salutes, firing, anvils and shouts.
There was a terrific jam at the depot. Mayor Young de-
livered an address of welcome, extending the warm hospi-
tality of a mining town, the hearts of whose people would on
acquaintance prove, like the mines, to be warmer as they
are explored. General Grant replied with a bow and word of
acknowledgment. He was escorted to a carriage, the mili-
tary forming a hollow square about him; the procession
moving through the principal streets, they were joined by a
large delegation from Carson. At the Savage office he re-
viewed the people, of whom there was an immense concourse
in line. In response to persistent calls, the ex-President
spoke briefly, thanking the citizens for the reception.
A sumptuous lunch was served at 4 o'clock, after which
the Mexican, Union, and Confederate veterans were
received.
In the evening a general reception was given and
largely attended, followed by a grand banquet.
On the 28th the General and party, as the guest of Mr.
Mackey, visited the famous Consolidated Virginia Mine.
After donning miners' costumes they entered the three-
decked cage, the ladies of the party taking the middle
deck. The cage was lowered very slowly to the 1750 feet
level. After inspecting the drifts, the ladies of the party
returned to the surface, while the rest of the party went

596
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:
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F
down to the 2150 feet station, and thence to the 2340 feet
station. After thoroughly exploring the different drifts,
they returned to the surface. General Grant expressed
himself as highly pleased with his visit.
While passing through the Assay Office a solid brick
of gold and silver, four inches long and two and a half
wide was presented to Mrs. Grant, with the following
engraved inscription :
Souvenir of the Consolidated Virginia Mine to
Mrs. General U. S. GRANT.
Virginia City, Nev., Oct. 27, 1879.
Colonel Fair presented to Mrs. Grant a small phial
with the inscription :
One-half of my first day's work in California,
T849.
Its value in dust did not probably exceed $40, but as a
souvenir it was beyond price. Before changing their
miners' dresses a splendid photograph was taken of the
party. After bathing and dressing they were driven to
the stamp and pan mills, where they finished a most in-
structive day's work. In the evening the General visited
the hall of the Pacific Coast Pioneers, where he was made
an honorary member. A badge of office and the creden-
tials of the society were given him. He was introduced
by Dr. Harris. Colonel Robert Taylor delivered the ad-
dress, to which the General responded as follows:
“MR. PRESIDENT, LADIES AND GENTLEmen, MembeRS
OF THE SOCIETY OF PACIFIC COAST PIONEERS: Your
President has already said what I feel in appreciation of my
reception here. Nothing which I received abroad was such
a source of pleasure to me. I do not mean by that to dis-
parage my greeting abroad. It was honest and hearty, and
showed the high esteem felt for our country by foreign na-
tions. It would have been quite different a quarter of a
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century ago. Now we are regarded as the most powerful
nation on the earth. We have much which European na-
tions have not—that is, we have a population which as yet
does not threaten to crowd any inhabited district or exhaust
the productiveness of the soil. We have an extensive soil
and immense undeveloped resources to exhaust before our
population will become so dense as to make the raising of
sufficient to live on a serious problem. In this respect we
The fact of the matter
have great promise for the future.
is, we are more thought of abroad than we think of our-
selves. Yet, at the same time, we think considerably of
ourselves, and we are a little conceited over our advantages.
Newspapers and politicians, however, think there are a good
many bad people in the world, and that things are on the
verge of ruin, but I guess we are all right. Still, we can
be improved. If I was not an American, I would not dare
to talk like this for fear of being mobbed. I thank you all
for this kindly expression of your esteem.
The following day General Grant, accompanied by Gov-
ernor Kingkead, of Nevada, Colonel James G. Fair, U. S.
Grant, Jr., Philip Deidenheimer, and a dozen invited guests,
visited the Sutro Tunnel. Upon arriving at the town of
Sutro his welcome was emphasized by the ringing of bells
and blowing of whistles at the company's workshops, and
by a heavy discharge of giant powder from the mountain
tops overlooking the town.
The party were received at the Sutro mansion by Mrs.
Adolphe Sutro, Superintendent H. H. Sheldon, and the offi-
cers of the company. After an examination of the works
of the company at the mouth of the tunnel, and the recep-
tion of the citizens of the town and vicinity, a sumptuous
breakfast was served.
The visitors went to the tunnel under the guidance of
Superintendent Sheldon, Secretary Young, and Foreman
6
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GENERAL U. s. GRANT'S
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Bluett. The party were placed aboard the cars, and amid
the cheers of the assembled citizens, disappeared in the dark-
ness. Quick time was made underground. Shaft No. 1,
one mile from the entrance, was reached in eight minutes;
shaft No. 2, two miles from the entrance, in seventeen min-
utes; and the station of the north lateral tunnel, in thirty-
ive minutes. Here the party left the cars and walked to
the north header, the better to examine the underground
workings, and witness the performances of the powerful
drilling appliances required in driving a work of this char-
acter. The covered boxes, which convey the steaming hot
water from the Comstock mines, were also an object of
considerable interest.
Returning to the cars the trip was continued to the face
of the south lateral tunnel, after which the party were
escorted to the 1640 foot station at the "Savage Incline,"
where they were given in charge of the officers of the Sav-
age Company, and were hoisted to the surface at Virginia
City.
Throughout the entire trip the General evinced great in-
terest in what he saw. He considered the tunnel one of the
greatest works of the age.
Leaving Virginia City on the 29th the General arrived
at Ogden, Utah, on the 30th. Governor Emery and Gen-
eral Nathan Kimball welcomed him in addresses, to which
he responded pleasantly. The special train left after half
an hour's wait.
At Laramie 2000 persons had assembled, the train
stopping for breakfast.
At Cheyenne, Gov. Hoyt and Gov. Pitkin, with their
staffs, and prominent citizens of the State, received the Gen-
eral, and were joined by several hundred members of the G.
A. R. from Nebraska and other States. There were no
speeches at Sidney, where a large crowd had collected.
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i
The General was introduced, but excused himself from
making a speech. One old fellow in the crowd called out:
"Old man, you can jest set it down that you've got jest as
many friends in this Western country as anywhere else,"
to which General Grant good-humoredly replied that he
was glad to hear that. The crowd gave him three cheers.
It was then that the most curious incident of the reception
occurred. One of the bumpkins, who must have been
slightly muddled, sang out: "General, I'm from Connecti-
cut, and when you go back there, tell 'em you saw out
West a
from the old Nutmeg State." Grant, with
great dignity, simply replied, "You should never swear.
It has been a principle of mine never to swear at any time
in my life."
The reprimand was an effective one, and the
fellow slunk away abashed.
At Central City, Clark, Silver Creek, Jackson and
Columbus he found a hearty welcome. At Schuyler, State
Senator Clarkson, brother of Bishop Clarkson, presented an
address of welcome. The General replied:
SENATOR: I am very much obliged for the kind words
which you have said on behalf of your people of this prairie
town, and I only express the gratification I have felt at all
other points in your State through which we have passed,
when I say that apparently you have all been out. I am
glad to see this prairie State growing as it appears to be,
the ground being dotted all over with farms and prosperous
villages, and I hope that you may realize your expectations.
after the census af 1880, in having at least three Represent-
atives in the Lower House of Congress. I thank you,
gentlemen, for your attendance and your kindness.
At North Bend, Millard's, a like cordial reception was
given. As the train approached Omaha a salute of artillery
announced the General's arrival. At the Union depot an
immense crowd had assembled. The Grand Army, the

δύο
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
Ninth U. S. Infantry, headed by their regimental band,
formed the escort. Gov. Nance, Mayor Chase, and Gen-
eral Crook riding with the General.
The order of the procession was as follows:
FIRST DIVISION.
Platoon of Police.
Battalion Ninth Infantry and Ninth Infantry Band.
Section of Battery.
Company G Second Regiment, N. S. M.
SECOND DIVISION.
Union Pacific Band.
Fire Department.
THIRD DIVISION.
Brandt's Band.
Leyran Singing Society.
Union Pacific Shopmen.
Civic Societies.
Mannerchor.
FOURTH DIVISION.
University Cadets with their Band.
Grand Army of the Republic.
Carriages containing Gen. Grant, party, escort and prominent
citizens.
FIFTH DIVISION.
City Band.
Company H, Second Regiment, N. S. M.
Trade representatives.
The line of march was through the principal streets.
Crowds from Lincoln, York, Nebraska City, Fremont and
adjacent towns, made up the enthusiastic throng. The
decorations on the line of the route were generous in num-
bers and attractive in display.
At Capitol Hill an address of welcome by Gov. Nance,
was brief and eloquent.
GENERAL: On behalf of the State of Nebraska I
extend to you a cordial greeting to Omaha, that vigorous
young metropolis of the West. Nebraska is pre-eminently
a patriotic State. A vast majority of our pioneers were
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with you during your marches, and helped achieve your
victories at Donaldson and Shiloh, and the Wilderness, and
finally at the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. Doubtless.
every regiment in every corps has its representative on
Nebraska soil. As their confidence in you never wavered
in the dark and troubled hours of the Nation's peril, I bid
a double welcome to Nebraska to-day.
Mayor Chase in behalf of the city, said:
GENERAL GRANT: A very agreeable duty has devolved
upon me upon this occasion, that of giving you welcome to
our city. Since you were here four years ago, on this very
spot where we stand, and addressed the school children, we
are aware that you have traveled in foreign lands, that
you
have traveled at home, and made yourself as familiar with.
other countries as you were already with this, and we know
full well the result of your travels. We are aware that the
comity and amity of foreign nations has been greatly
increased, and that their relations to this country have been
favored by the fact that you have socially and freely had
intercourse with those peoples abroad, and we are aware
too, that our people throughout the United States have
watched your progress wherever you have gone, from
place to place, and from port to port, with the deepest
interest, and you know full well, sir, with what gratitude.
American hearts have beat from the fact that you have been
everywhere welcomed, not only as an American citizen,
but as a representative of this Republic, both for your per
sonal merits and virtues.
And now, General, permit me to say that, while this
little city of 30,000 people is not capable of presenting to
you such external decorations as you have witnessed in your
travels you have nowhere been where warmer hearts beat
for your welfare, and where more grateful greetings were
extended to you. With gratitude to the kind Providence
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
that has watched over you and yours in your travels, we
remember with the greatest pleasure that you have returned
to us to greet us once more. And now, sir, on behalf of
this young city, I bid you again and again welcome, wel-
come, welcome.
Turning to the audience the Mayor presented General
Grant to their view, and the air resounded with cheers
for several minutes. As it ceased General Grant said:
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN OF NEBRASKA AND OF
OMAHA: It would be impossible for me to make any
number of you hear a word if I had anything very special
to say. It is cold and windy, and there are multitudes.
waiting, and I will only say a few words, and that to
express the gratification I feel at meeting you all here
to-day. I state to you in addition how glad I am to get
back again once more upon American soil. Wherever I
have been in all my travels in the last two and a half years
I have found our country most highly spoken of, and I
have been, as a sort of representative of the country, most
elegantly entertained. For the many kindnesses that I
have received at the hands of foreign nations and Princes
I feel gratified myself and I know that all of you do. The
welcome given to me there has been a welcome to this grand
Republic, of which you are all equal representatives with
myself. As I have had occasion to say several times before
since my arrival in San Francisco, we stand well abroad,
infinitely better than we did twenty years ago, as a nation
and as a people; and as a result of that to-day the credit of
the United States in the European market is higher than
that of any other country in the world. We are there
more highly appreciated than we appreciate ourselves as a
whole, and I can and will say that as individuals we do not
think well enough of ourselves. Gentlemen, I say again
that I am highly gratified at meeting you here to-day, and
thank you.
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The welcome was most cordial and enthusiastic. A
public reception at the Custom House followed. In the
evening a banquet at the Withnell House, at which 60 or
more prominent citizens participated, this wound up the
day and the General left immediately afterwards for Fort
Omaha as the guest of General Crook.
On Sunday, Nov. 2, General Grant, General Crook, and
escort, attended the First Methodist Church, where serv-
ices were held. The church was filled to overflowing by
regular worshipers and those drawn together out of curi-
osity to see the distinguished guest and visitor. The edifice
was profusely decorated with banners, flags, evergreens,
festoons and autumn leaves, and a small banner bearing the
legend "Welcome" in bright gilt letters.
General Grant and escort were given a reserved seat well
in front.
The opening prayer was made by Rev. James Haynes.
In the closing invocation he referred to the more than ordi-
nary character of the occasion, rendered extraordinary, in
fact, by the presence of a distinguished fellow-citizen, who
had been feted and honored all around the world; who was
now returning in safety, and whose pleasure it was to wor
ship with God's people to-day. They were thankful he
was able to be with them, and the reverend gentleman
prayed that he might always be on the side of virtue and
religion; that his influence might always be on the side of
right and justice, and that God's special blessing might rest
on him and those who worshiped with him.
The sermon was delivered by Rev. J. B. Maynard, pas-
tor of the church, and was an able discourse on the origin
of the Christian Church, and an interposition of Divine
Providence in the affairs of men. His illustrations on the
latter head were singularly striking. "It wasn't the peo-
ple," he said, "who selected Mr. Lincoln to guide the
ļ
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
*
nation in the hour of its peril. He was brought forward
and placed at the head of the Government by One who
knew the coming evils, and who selected him to guide
the nation through the impending storm. The same is
true," continued the reverend gentleman, "in regard to
leading minds in and out of Congress, and eminently so
in regard to the commanders of our army and navy. How
blind most of their appointments, and how uncertain in
consequence were our battles and campaigns! But at the
right time how strongly did an unseen power bring for-
ward the men, and especially the one great commander to
lead our armies through carnage and strife to final triumph
of liberty! How clearly are God's acts vindicated! No
matter how obscure and unpretending, God chose him,
and we at once saw in him the man for the emergency.
Thus did Omnipotent wisdom adjust the conditions of our
final success.
>>
The allusion was, of course, clear to everybody, in-
cluding General Grant himself, though his immobile fea-
tures would never have revealed it.
At the conclusion of the service the General and escort
passed out first, and the pious and curious ones vied with
each other to shake the hero's hand.
General Grant's eastern journey was resumed on the 3d.
General and Mrs. Grant, and Col. and Mrs. Fred Grant
and daughter left Fort Omaha about 8 o'clock, under the
escort of the officers of the garrison, Companies G and H,
Ninth Infantry, and the Ninth Infantry Band. The party
and escort were met at the Withnel House by the Nebraska
Grand Army of the Republic boys and the Citizens' Recep-
tion Committee. General Grant, Mayor Chase, and C. W.
Mead, of the Union Pacific, rode together in a carriage to
the depot, where a large crowd had collected to see the
party off. The train was standing inside the Union depot,
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and its particularly handsome appearance made it the cyno-
sure of all eyes. D. W. Hitchcock, General Western Pas-
senger Agent of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, had
laid himself out as he never did before to do something that
would be memorable, and would redound to the credit of
the road he represents.
Very little time was lost after the party reached the
depot. The troops were drawn up on the right
of the train, forming a passage through which
escort led General Grant and private party. The crowd
cheered itself hoarse. The engine-bell rang, the band
played "Marching Through Georgia," and at 9:55, amidst
all the display of enthusiasm, the train moved out of the
depot, and was soon on its way over the big bridge, out of
Nebraska, and nearing Iowa. When it reached the middle
of the bridge, General Manderson, who, with a number of
the Nebraska Grand Army boys, had remained on board,
formally transferred the party to the care of the Iowa
Grand Army boys, who were represented by Major A. A.
Perkins, of Burlington, Post Department Commander of
Iowa. General Manderson was in his usually happy vein,
and his speech was as follows:
COMRADE PERKINS: At their eastern terminus of the
Union Pacific Railroad and the Eastern boundary of the
State of Nebraska and in the middle of that classic stream,
the Big Muddy, I have the pleasant duty to perform, of
turning over to you the duty of escorting comrade Grant
through the State of Iowa. I hope your journey will be
as pleasant as ours was through the State of Nebraska, and
wish you and your comrades good luck and continued
prosperity.
Major Perkins, in a brief reply, accepted the trust.
As the train drew up at Council Bluffs, a large crowd
welcomed it with cheers upon cheers. They were here
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GENERAL U. 3. GRANT'S
3
joined by Gov. Gear and Col. Griswold, Department Com-
mander G. A. R., where formal speeches where made. Col
Griswold welcomed the General in the following address:
GENERAL GRANT: Knowing you would pass through
our Department on your way home from your trip around
the world, the Grand Army of the Republic, at our last
semi-annual meeting, resolved to welcome you at our
borders and escort you through the lines. We are here
to perform that pleasant duty. I have the pleasure of in-
troducing to you as such escort the officers and comrades of
the Posts of the Department and the Chief Executive of
our Commonwealth.
General Gear welcomed the General as follows:
GENERAL GRANT: On behalf of our people, I bid
you welcome to the Commonwealth of Iowa, a welcome
not alone to the soldier, who in the Nation's hour of
supreme peril carried its flag to victory, nor yet to the
public servant who in a critical period of this country's
history, occupied the highest office, but also the illustrious
citizen who, after many years of continuous and arduous
labor in his country's service, has been enjoying a well.
earned rest in visiting the people of the Old World, in
seeing new phases of human life, and in returning home
bringing an increase of honors to his country in the
attention he has received at the hands of rulers and the
people of other lands. To me, sir, is also allotted the
pleasant duty of extending to you a hearty welcome in
behalf of the Grand Army of the Republic of the
Department of Iowa, whose membership is composed of
your old comrades in arms, most of whom have followed
you in many a perilous campaign, and shared with you the
triumphs of many well-fought battle fields. From all
parts of this Commonwealth they went forth to swell the
ranks of the historic Army of the Tennessee, whose fame is
•
•
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607
so imperishably bound up with yours, and so inseparably a
part of the Nation's brilliant military record. The men of
that army, and many others of many remote regions here
to-day, and all over our State, feel themselves to have been
honored in your person in all parts of the world, and your
brave comrades rejoice at the safe return of their renowned
'eader to his native land, a joy in which all of our people
participate. We welcome, then with a glad welcome, you
to our State, in the affection of whose people you have
ever held a distinguished place. A hearty welcome to the
soldier, statesman and citizen.
General Grant replied:
Gov. GEAR, AND GENTLEMEN OF THE GRAND ARMY
OF THE REPUBLIC: I am very glad to meet you here, and
I accept the escort which you have tendered me with great
pleasure, having had your escort on former occasions when
your protection was highly necessary. On this occasion I
hope it will be a more joyous one than on previous occa-
sions referred to. I believe that we might go through this
State even without an escort, and with an escort with-
out arms we are perfectly secure. Governor, it's not nec-
essary for me to say more on this occasion than to thank
you and the citizens of Iowa, not only for their escort, but
for their good will, as expressed by you.
At Red Oak, Villasco, and Creston the General was
received with enthusiastic and hearty ovations from the
whole populace. At the latter place, in response to the
address of the Mayor, he said:
CITIZENS OF CRESTON: I am very glad to meet the
people of this State in your city. I looks very much as
though a great many people had settled here within a very
few years. My recollection is that the last time I crossed
this part of the state, the praries had very little upon them
except grass and prairie chickens. Now you have

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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
got people enough to stamp out the prairie chickens and
to produce from the soil millions of bushels of grain to
support and sustain human life, and make America pros-
perous. I am very glad to see all these citizens assembled,
and glad to be among you."
Brief stops were made at Murray and Osceola. At Char-
iton he was received by all the school teachers and school
children in the place. Col. Duncan welcomed the General
At its close, a novel portion of the reception awaited him
A precocious little girl of six years, Mary Cushman by
name, who was held in her teacher's arms, presented
Grant with a boquet, and in an innocent, childish verse,
made him a little speech, which closed with a wish that he
would "always love and remember his country." Grant
kissed the little thing, who appeared to realize that it was
the proudest moment of her young life.
At Albia, Chillicothe, Ottumwa and Mount Pleasant,
vast crowds had collected. It was dark, and huge bonfires
were sending out weird glare; the decorations and crowds
surging to and fro showed off well in the light of the bon-
fires.
At Burlington the reception was one of the noisiest,
liveliest and most brilliant on the route.
As the train entered the city they were received by long
and piercing blasts from all the locomotives in the city,
church and fire bells, salutes, and the display of fire-works,
numerous bonfires and illuminations of nearly all the house
windows, the great cheering crowds-all added to the noise
and fury, and proclaimed a joyous welcome. The General
was met by the mayor, who addressed his guest as follows:
GENERAL GRANT: Burlington bids you welcome. The
formal words of greeting fall from my lips, but they find.
sympathetic response in every heart in this great assem-
blage. If all these spoke, one word would rise and fill the
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609
autumn air with its glad chorus, until the rocks and cliffs
of old Flint Hills would send back the cordial, hearty
tones in re-echoing refrain the one word, "welcome.
We have been deeply interested in the magnificent ova-
tions and receptions that have been tendered you in the
many lands that you have visited. They have been
given you as a plain American citizen without rank,
position or credentials. Your fame, however, as a warrior
and a statesman preceded you, and each nation was proud
to render you the homage due to one who had occupied and
discharged the highest trusts in the Government of the
United States with honesty and fidelity. The tones of wel-
come do not weaken as you journey towards your old homie,
but every city, town and hamlet on your route, from West
to East, vie with each other in making the welkin ring with
their shouts of welcome to our distinguished fellow-citizen."
General Grant replied:
1)
"LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: The welcome I have
received since coming into Iowa is exceedingly gratifying.
I have seen a population in crossing your State, on a
single line of railroad, greater than that of the State a
quarter of a century ago. This is remarkable, and shows
a growth and enterprise in this great State that is most
gratifying. The impossibility of making one hear all my re-
marks will force me to do as I have seen them do in Wash-
ington. I will ask permission to have my speech printed."
The speech was received with cheers and laughter by
the crowd. The ex-President and escort were invited to
carriages, and line of march taken up to the Mayor's
house. The decorations encountered on every hand
excited universal admiration. The party proceeded with
its escort through the principal streets to Mayor Adams'
residence, where, as soon as possible thereafter, its mem-
bers retired to rest.
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:
•
•
The following morning General Grant, Governor Gear
and Mayor Adams drove round Burlington's numerous
hills. At noon a reception was given to Iowa journalists
at the Lawkeye office; here the General was presented with
a copy of the Hawkeye printed on silk; this was followed at
1:30 P. M. by an elegant repast at the Mayor's residence, and
later, by a public reception at the Barrett House, Mrs. Grant
holding a reception at the Mayor's house, where were
assembled the beauty and elite of the city to do her honor.
The reception at the Barrett House over, the General
and escort visited the High School building, where 6,000
school children of all ages, their teachers and members of
the school board had collected. C. B. Parsons, president of
the school board, extended a formal welcome, to which
General Grant replied:
"MEMBERS OF THE SCHOOL BOARD, AND SCHOLARS
OF THE CITY OF BURLINGTON, IOWA: It does me great
pleasure to meet and see 5,000 or more of the school chil-
dren of the city of Burlington. I think that if ever there
is another war in this country it will be one of ignorance
versus intelligence, and in that battle the State of Iowa will
achieve a grand victory. Furthermore, I think that
that war will be one of ignorance and superstition combined
against education and intelligence, and I am satisfied that
the children here will enroll in the army of intelligence and
wipe out the common enemy, ignorance. I thank you for
your kind attention.”
A vast chorus of young, fresh voices then sang "Amer-
ica" The General was apparently much taken with the
undisguised heartiness and earnestness of the reception he
met. After a long season of hand-shaking, at 4 o'clock the
ex-President returned to the Mayor's residence, where final
preparations were made to resume the journey. A large
crowd had collected at the depot, and cheered him as he
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ascended the steps. While the bands played and amid
the cheers of the people the train moved off.
At Monmouth a large crowd had assembled at the
depot, and a dozen bonfires illuminated the scene. Cap-
tain Walker introduced General Grant, who said:
GENTLEMEN: I am very glad to get back to Illinois
again, and very glad to see you all, but I have a great
deal of sympathy with these press men who are along
with us, and who take down every word I say. I am a
man of economy, I believe in economy, and they telegraph
every word I say, and I want to save them expenses."
At Galesburg the biggest kind of a reception awaited
the party. Mayor Greenleaf introduced the General to
the crowd, numbering at least 5,000 people. General
Grant responded as follows:
""
"LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: It would be impossible
for me to make myself heard by all of you or a large frac-
tion of you, even if I was in the habit of public speaking.
I will do no more, therefore, than thank you for turning
out at this time of night to welcome me on my way home,
and I will say to you that in the two and a half years that
I have been away from you I have had a very pleasant
time. I have seen a great many pleasant people, and I
have been very well received at every place I have been
as a mark of respect and honor to the great country which
you help to make up. But, as I have had frequent occa-
sion to say since my return to my own country, I appre-
ciate the welcome which I received from the sovereigns of
my own country above all other receptions that they gave
us elsewhere. I have had the pleasure of seeing the people
of Galesburg out on one other occasion. I passed through
in 1868, when I thought all the people in the city were about
this spot. I am very glad to see you all again to-night."
The speech was received with cheers, but it was only
2
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
612
"
.
heard by those standing very near one side of the plat-
form, and when the General stepped to the other side of
the platform the crowd on that side cried out, "Speech!
Speech! General, only a few words!"
General Grant said:
"MY FRIENDS: I have only been in Illinois one hour,
and during that time I have already made two speeches,
and feel talked out."
A voice in the crowd-"We didn't hear the one you
made here, General."
General Grant-"Well, some one" (indicating a re-
porter back of him)" will be pretty sure to print what I said.
You can buy a copy of the morning paper and find it all.”’
There were loud cries for Mrs. Grant, who appeared
on the platform. She simply bowed, and soon retired;
the train then again started, and a final three cheers were
given as they moved on.
A short stop was made at Yates City, where the Gen-
eral was enthusiastically received by those in waiting.
Owing to the lateness of the hour the train was run
down to Lombardville, some twenty-five miles off the
main line, and run on to a side track until the following
morning; the distinguished party having a two-fold ob-
ject to get the election returns unmolested by a large
crowd of people, a skilful operator having been taken
aboard at Galesburg, and a good night's rest. Early the
following morning the train was run back upon the main
line of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, arriving at
Mendota at 9.20 A. M. Mr. Potter, Captain Walker and Gen-
eral Hitchcock, of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy,
turned the General and his party over to the Illinois Central
Railroad. These gentlemen, who had been tireless in en-
ergy, lavish in expenditure, and delicate in their attentions
to their distinguished guest, received the warmest thanks.
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613
...
At Mendota vast crowds swarmed about the depot,
whose cheers, united to the thunder peals of ordinance,
conspired to make the noisiest and heartiest kind of wel-
come. A local reception committee were on hand, while
Company F, Twelfth Battalion National Guards, under
command of Capt. Ingalls, was drawn up on the platform.
A line was formed, and General Grant passed through it,
escorted by Gov. Gear, Collector Crocker. Mayor Hastings,
Mr. Ruggles, and took seats in the first carriage. The
procession formed with two bands at its head, followed by
one platoon of militia in advance and one in the rear of
the first carriage. The other carriages, containing the
balance of the party and citizens followed, and the proces-
sion wound its way along the finely decorated streets to
the First Baptist Church, where it halted. Arches had
been erected over its front doors, under which the General
passed, being made of flags and evergreens, bearing in large
letters the word "Welcome." General Grant and escort
passed up the church-aisle to the pulpit, which had been
enlarged and handsomely decorated with flowers, flags and
evergreens. An arch over its edge bore simply the word
"Grant." The church was filled to overflowing with
citizens generally, and a large delegation of school-children.
Mayor Hastings and General Grant rose from the sofa
where they had sat down, and Mendota's Executive
delivered the following address of welcome:
"GENERAL GRANT: In behalf of the citizens of
Mendota and vicinity, independent of party, I congratulate
you upon your safe return to the State of Illinois and the
near arrival to your home. We have read with the
greatest interest of the honorable manner in which you
have been received by the governments that you have
visited, and are happy to realize that your distinguished
services to your country were as fully appreciated abroad
1
2
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GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
;
---
".
as they are at home. In your reception this morning the
citizens of this city and vicinity have turned out en masse
to greet you, manifesting the same enthusiasm, in the
appreciation of your distinguished services in the field and
as President of this great republic, as had greeted you from
San Francisco to this point. We sincerely hope that your
life may be long protracted, and that you may always
realize the deep affection of a grateful public for the services
you have rendered your country."
""
General Grant responded as follows:
"CITIZENS OF MENDOTA: The receptions which I have
received on my return to my own country, upon my first
arrival at San Francisco up to Mendota, have been to me
gratifying. The receptions referred to abroad have been a
mark of respect that foreign nations feel for the United
States as a country, and for its citizens as energetic, progres-
sive and independent people. The honor has been yours,
and not mine. In getting back now, to my own home, I
feel especially gratified to meet the citizens of my own
state, and to be welcomed by them. I am sure I shouldn't
want to stay long in Illinois if I didn't feel that I could
have had a good feeling and a reception of the people of this
State. In conclusion, ladies and gentlemen, I thank you for
what I see here, before me, this morning, and for the words
which have just been heard."
Hand shaking to an almost unlimited extent closed the
reception at the church, after which the General was
escorted back to the depot. Here the guests were joined by
a large party of friends from Chicago, who had come
down by special train to meet him and attend the reception
at Galena, also by Gov. Cullom, who was greeted warmly
by the General. Gov. Cullom after silencing the noisy
crowd addressed General Grant in the following speech of
welcome.
4
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
615
"GENERAL GRANT: On behalf of your old friends who
are here present, and in the name of the people of
the State of Illinois, I extend to you and to your
family a sincere and heartfelt welcome home. This great
central valley is proud to acknowledge you as
as the
most honored and best-beloved of all her living sons.
Eighteen years ago you left us in the service of our common
country, at the head of the Twenty-first brave regiment of
Illinois Volunteers. I need not recite to those present who
join in the greeting, the well-known story of your progress.
We have followed you every step, through all the
dark days, which ended in the glorious success of the
army of the Union, and which gave to you that which
you so richly deserved the position of General of the
Army. Later, you were twice called to the highest civil
office of the nation. Illinois at each time gave to you her
voice in no uncertain tones. When you laid aside the cares
and toils of office, and sought in foreign travels the rest and
recreation which you so much needed, your fellow-citizens
from your own State, have thrilled with pride and pleasure
when they saw the recognition of your services to civilization
and the age, of your abilities as a chieftain and a ruler, and
of your virtues as a man by all the great and good of the
entire world. Our pleasure and pride in following you
from shore to shore, when nation vied with nation and
princes with princes to do you honor, have not been.
lessened by any fear that all this adulation would in any
way hurt you. We had an abiding confidence that the time
would come when you would return among us, that same
quiet, modest man whom we had last known, to assume
your position and take your place as a private citizen. And
in that place I want to remind you that one of your chief
duties is to hold yourself in readiness when your country calls
for your exertions either in the Cabinet of the nation or in
616
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
the field. Again, in behalf of your old friends present, and
in the name of the whole people of the great Republic, I
welcome you home.
General Grant's reply was a practical verification of
Governor Cullom's remark, that adulation could not hurt
him. Without apparently noticing the Governor's allusion
to what the future might bring forth, he responded:
"GOVERNOR: I thank the citizens of the State of Illinois,
and I thank you, for the welcome you have extended to
me. I shall make no further remarks now. Having been
received in one of the churches of this city by the popula-
tion of Mendota, and having already had an opportunity of
taking, I think, nearly everybody by the hand, I will there-
fore reserve any thing further that I have to say for another
occasion."
Gov. Cullom proposed three cheers for General Grant,
which were given with a yell and hurrah that must, indeed,
have assured the General of his welcome, if anything more
were necessary.
The train moved off amid the cheers and hurrahs of
thousands of people. The first stop was at Amboy, where
a great crowd had assembled; a brief stop was made at
Dixon, where the General spoke briefly. On the arrival of
the train at Polo it was boarded by a reception committee
appointed by the citizens of Galena. At Forreston, Free-
port and Warren, large and enthusiastic crowds had col-
lected. The approach to Galena for miles swarmed with
people, who cheered and waved their handkerchiefs as the
train flew by. Galena, the General's old home, was reached
at 3:20 P. M., and the trip overland came to a temporary
stop.
A salvo of artillery greeted General Grant as he entered
his old home, and 10,000 citizens gathered at the depot
and on the streets adjoining to give a royal welcome to

PWW MAXEINER J
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MERCHANT TAILOR
mucovun MIL
GENERAL GRANT'S STORE AT GALENA.


TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
619
The crowd
America's most distinguished living citizen.
pressed back and forth, and there was some trouble about
the landing; but in a few minutes this was adjusted, and
way was made for General Grant to his carriage. The
depot of the Illinois Central is located in East Galena,
while the city proper is on the other side of the river.
When the General had reached his carriage, a procession
was formed. The hour was late, and there was no time to
lose if the business of the day was to be finished before
nightfall. The procession was formed as follows:
Veterans bearing colors of the old Forty-fifth Illinois
Volunteer Infantry, better known as the
Washburne Lead Mine
Regiment.
Gen. W. R. Rowley, the only living member of General
Grant's Individual Staff, and Chief Marshal
of the Day.
Gen. John C. Smith, State Treasurer, commanding the
Militia, and Capt. J. W. Luke, Aid and
Assistant Marshal.
Two Companies of the Third Illinois MiHtia.
An Iowa Militia Company with Band, etc.
The Soldiers' and Sailors' Veteran Association of Jo
Daviess County.
The Veteran Corps of Dubuque, Iowa.
The Dyersville, Iowa, Veteran Club.
Crippled Veterans of the War, in carriages.
Knights of Pythias from Dubuque and Galena.
Liberty and Neptune Fire Companies.
The carriage, drawn by four grey horses, which bore
General Grant, Gov. Cullom, Senator
McClellan, and Mayor
Hunkins.
Distinguished visitors and well-known citizens in
carriages.
A thousand citizens, many being old veterans.
The procession moved rapidly through the principal
streets to the corner of Main and Green streets, where
La
*

620
General U. S. GRANT'S
2
grand stand had been erected. Stretching across the street
from the De Soto House to the stand was an arch, embowered
in green. On one side it bore the mottoes, "From Galena
to Appomattox Court House." "From Galena to the White
House." "From Galena Around the World;" and also
the words, "Welcome to Your Home, General." On the
other side was the motto, “Loved at Home and Honored
Abroad," and the names of "Grant," "Sherman," "Sher-
idan," "Rawlins." The whole was surmounted by a
carved eagle, formerly the property of the Grey Eagle fire
company. It was about 4:15 when the head of the proces-
sion halted in front of the grand stand, and the vast crowd
there assembled set up a welcoming cheer. At last every
thing was in readiness for the oratorical features of the
reception. After an address of welcome from the Mayor,
State Senator McClellan addressed General Grant, as
follows:
"GENERAL: The Mayor and your fellow-citizens of
Galena have assigned to me the pleasing duty of tendering
you, in their name and on their behalf, a hearty welcome
home again. Without distinction of party, sect, or nation-
ality, all your neighbors and townsmen give you cordial sal-
utation, and hail your return to your old home with joy and
profound satisfaction. They are deeply sensible of the
honor you do them in continuing to make this city your res-
idence, and they will be only too happy to contribute so far
as they may be able to render your stay here profitable and
agreeable. You, sir, have been the recipient of many ova-
tions, remarkable alike for their spontaneous heartiness and
their almost imperial magnificence. Your journey from the
Golden Gate to this place has been one continual triumphal
progress, marked everywhere by demonstrations of honor,
respect, admiration, and homage, never heretofore accorded
to a private citizen in this country. We in Galena cannot
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
621
vie with those splendid displays. We are too poor and
too few for that. In our little city we cannot give you
the plaudits of hundreds of thousands of people; we can-
not erect triumphal arches emblazoned with gold and
silver; we are not able to provide royal banquets with
princely service, but we are able and glad to give you the
homage of honest, loving and loyal hearts.
"We can and do give you and your family a supremely,
sincere and heartfelt welcome. Other cities may make
grander and more imposing demonstrations, but be as-
sured, sir, that no people in all this broad land are so glad
to see you as are your fellow-citizens of Galena. None
greet you with a warmer affection, none can be more proud
of you, your achievements and your fame, and we come
to-day in our own humble fashion, with none of that pomp
and pageantry to which you are accustomed on like occa-
sions, to give expression, as best we may, to the delight
and satisfaction we feel in seeing you once more among
us; to testify the love and respect we have for you as a
man and a fellow-citizen, and the honor and esteem we
entertain for you as a soldier and a statesman.
"In the dark days of 1861 you left us to fight the bat-
tles of your country. Your career since then has become a
large part of that country's most interesting and eventful
history. The nation's integrity vindicated and the Union.
restored, the highest military honors a grateful people could
bestow were lavished upon you. Twice have the suffrages
of a free people placed you in the highest civil position in
their gift, a position more honorable than that of a King or
Emperor, inasmuch as it is not determined by the accident
of birth, but given as the reward of genius and ability, pat-
riotism and public service. As a private citizen you have
just made the circuit of the globe. Nothing could equal
the courtesies and distinctions you received from the powers
622
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
of the Old World, save the modesty, good sense and demo-
cratic simplicity which characterized your reception of
them. Imperial splendors, the glitter and glare of royalty,
never for a moment dazzled your republican vision. The
guest of kings and prime ministers of extended empires,
you bore yourself with the quiet dignity of an American
citizen. The just compliments of the titled and great to
your illustrious services and personal worth you modestly
disclaimed, and credited them all to your country. In the
presence of sovereigns you never forgot that you were
yourself a sovereign-one of a nation of forty million
sovereigns-and it is most gratifying, sir, to your own
countrymen to learn from a speech made by yourself, that
you return to your native land a more ardent admirer of
republican institutions than ever before, and that your love
for your country has been increased and your faith in the
progress, future greatness, and grand destiny of this nation
has been strengthened by your observations and experi-
ences abroad. In all your foreign travels you could doubt-
less say of your country with the poet :
Where'er I roam, whatever realms I see,
My heart, untraveled, fondly turns to thee.
"Again, in the name of this great congregation of pat-
riotic, admiring, enthusiastic people, I bid you thrice
welcome to this little town-a town of small importance,
indeed, of itself, but made famous and heroic by the deeds
of yourself, and those of many other distinguished men who
have gone forth from us to do service to the State. Some
of these, with their martial robes about them, sleep on
battlefields, some are still with the army guarding the
frontier, and some, illustrious in their several spheres as
jurists, foreign ambassadors, and successful men of affairs,
we have the pleasure of seeing before us on this occasion.
They have come back to this, their former home, to unite
their acclaim with ours in your honor to-day.
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
623
"In conclusion, sir, permit me to express the wish
that your future may be as serene and happy as your past
has been eventful and glorious; and as you pass into the
sere and yellow leaf' of life's autumn, may all that which
should accompany old age, as honor, love, obedience,
troops of friends be yours."
In response to this cordial greeting, General Grant
spoke as follows:
"LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, AND CITIZENS OF GALE-
NA: It is with some embarrassment that I reply. Your
welcome is exceedingly gratifying to me, but it is difficult
for me to reply to what I have just heard, and to what I
have seen. Since I first left here, eighteen years ago, it has
always been the greatest pleasure for me to return to Galena,
and now, after an absence of two and a half years from
your city, during which time I have visited almost every
country in the world, it is a pleasure to be greeted in this
manner by you. During my travels I received princely
honors, but they were all due to this country, and to you
as citizens and as sovereigns of so great a country. When I
saw during my absence, especially in the far East, how
hard the inhabitants had to toil even for a maintenance, I
realized more than ever the greatness of our country,
where want is scarcely ever known, and where the ques-
tion of sustenance is not daily considered. I will only add,
that I thank you again for your reception."
Brief but feeling remarks were made by Gov. Cullom,
of Illinois; Gov. Gear, of Iowa; Gov. Smith, of Wiscon-
sin; General Logan, Senator Allison, of Iowa; Hon. E.
B. Washburne and Major Hawkes.
The open air ceremonies concluded with the presenta-
tion of Mrs. Grant to the people. Then three times three
cheers were given to General Grant, and the out-door wel-
come home terminated.
tur
•
624
GENERAL U. S. GranT'S
General Grant repaired to the DeSoto House, where he
received his friends. The parlors of the hotel were over-
flowing for fully an hour, and the hand-shaking was almost
endless. The General submitted with good grace to it all,
and occasionally, when he met an old acquaintance, the
greeting was very cordial. Behind him stood the color
bearers of the Forty-fifth Illinois Volunteers, with their bat-
tered ensigns.
In the evening the city was brilliantly illuminated, and
there was a fine display of fire-works. During this display
the triumphal arch, which was well stored with rockets,
Roman candles, etc., became ignited, and an explosion fol-
lowed that shook the windows of the buildings in the vicin-
ity. Postmaster Huntington was injured in the fire. Gen-
eral and Mrs. Grant entertained a few friends at their resi-
dence; there were none but guests present from abroad, as
And so
the General will entertain his Galena friends later.
ended the great reception, which was so general and gener-
ous on the part of Galena.
After a few days rest, General Grant left Galena
at 5 o'clock Wednesday morning, November 12th, for
Chicago. At nearly all of the stations on the route
large and enthusiastic crowds collected, the train generally
stopping a few moments to allow the General to satisfy
their curiosity, and the General was often compelled to go
through the ordeal of the pump, shaking hands with all
who requested it. At one o'clock the train reached Park
Row, and was received by General B. R. Raum, General
Theodore Jones, Major A. Fitch, Colonel W. S. Oliver,
General E. H. Murray, and Major H. C. McArthur, who
escorted the distinguished guest to a carriage drawn by six
horses. Then followed Mayor Harrison and Governor Cul-
lom, who took a seat in the ex-President's carriage, and the
cavalcade started. A body guard, consisting of officers Schu-
V
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
623
macher, Fife, Lueders, Soergel, Rierdon and Bruton, sur-
rounded the carriage. At this moment a drenching rain
set in, and the multitude that but a minute before was a
packed, solid mass, began to move, at first slowly, and then
quicker and quicker, until it almost reached a trot. Park
Row and the lake front were transformed into a surging,
seething mass of human beings and umbrellas, moving
northward on Michigan avenue. It was a strange sight. In
spite of the rain, patriotic throats would cheer, and resound-
ing artillery would roar; in spite of the mud the crowd
dashed on, cheering lustily, and in spite of all the elements
combined, General Grant's advent into Chicago was sig-
nalized by a display of the most unbounded enthusiasm.
The procession having formed, the command to march
was given about 1.30 o'clock, by Lieutenant General Phil.
Sheridan, Grand Marshal, and the column moved in the
following order:
FIRST DIVISION.
Detachment of mounted police, under command of Major George Heinzman.
Jefferson Barracks Band,
General Sheridan and staff.
General J. T. Torrence and staff.
First Regiment of Cavalry, Major Welter.
Second Regiment Infantry, Colonel Quirk.
Sixth Battalion Infantry, Colonel W. H. Thompson.
Sixteenth Battalion Infantry, Colonel Scott.
Battery D, Major Tobey.
Battalion of miscellaneous companies, Major De Young.
First Regiment of Infantry, Colonel Knox.
First Regiment Cadet Corps.
Lackey Zouaves.
Janesville Guards.
SECOND DIVISION.
Loesch's Military Band.
Captain Neely and Staff of aids.
GENERAL GRANT,
accompanied by Mayor Harrison and the Hon. Thomas Hoyne, in a carriage drawn
by six caparisoned horses and escorted by the Society of
the Army of the Tennessee.
Platoon of police, commanded by Acting Chief O'Donnell and associates.
Carriages containing Governor Shelby M. Cullom and General W. T. Sherman,
Carriages containing the Citizens' Reception Committee of 500.
$26
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
Carriages containing distinguished maimed and crippled soldiers
Lubbig's Milwaukee Band.
Society of the Army of the Cumberland, General Whipple.
Northwestern Band.
Society of the Army of the Potomac, General White.
Nevans' Military Band.
Union War Veterans.
Union Democratic War Veterans.
Veteran organizations in general, Colonel Scribner.
Clarinda, Iowa, Cornet Band.
Mexican War Veterans.
Fort Wayne Band.
Grand Army of the Republic, Colonel Swain.
Grand Army Fife and Drum Corps Band.
THIRD DIVISION.
Columbus Barracks Band.
General Wallace and Staff.
Old Settlers, as invited participants, in carriages.
Judges of the Federal and State Courts, carriages.
The Chicago Common Council, carriages.
The Board of Cook County Commissioners.
Division composed of the County Clerk's and Sheriff's Deputies.
The City Clerk's and City and County Treasurer's Deputies.
Hyde Park authorities and South Park Commissioners.
I
First Regiment Trumpeters.
The Fire Patrol.
Illinois Skirmishers' Battalion.
Brothers of Union.
United Fellows.
Downer's Grove Band,
The Union Labor League,
Mail Carriers, detachment of 30.
The Danish War Veterans.
First Norwegian Total Abstinence Society.
Jacksonville Drum Corps.
Chicago Labor Union.
Stock Yards Troopers.
Langan's Band.
Chicago Turngemeinde.
FOURTH DIVISION.
Elgin Military Band.
General Sherer and staff.
Detachment of 14 engines and 4 trucks of the Chicago Fire Department,
Jackson, Mich., Band.
Division of 350 decorated wagons, escorted by the West, South, and North Park
Police, mounted.
The commanders of the various divisions, who were
seen after the march was over, stated that there were at
1
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
627
the smallest estimate 10,000 or 12,000 participants in the
procession.
There were over 3,000, perhaps 3,500, in the First
Division, over 2,500 in the Second, about the same in the
Third, and nearly 1,500 in the Fourth. The route of
march was about 4 miles long, and the rear of the column
had not yet formed on Michigan avenue when the head
had arrived at the Palmer House. The procession occupied
about three hours in passing a given point.
From a balcony erected at the N. E. end of Palmer
House General Grant reviewed the first and second Divis-
ions, when the General descended and proceeded to the
platform erected in the rotunda of the hotel, and on behalf of
the citizens of Chicago was formally welcomed to the city
by Mayor Harrison (a Democrat), who spoke as follows:
“General GrANT: The people of Chicago recognize
in you the most renowned of America's citizens. They have
watched you for several months journeying around the world.
They have seen you the recipient of honors heretofore con-
ferred only upon those of exalted rank; and yet, sir, you
had no other passport than that you were an American
citizen.
"Princes, rulers, and their people delighted to honor you,
and in honoring you they lavished honor upon your
country. This people, sir, now that you are returning
home, are desirous of tendering you a befitting reception.
With this end they have appointed a committee of five
hundred gentlemen to receive you here in the heart of the
city and to welcome you to the homes of our people and to
the hearts of the people.
"Upon me as chairman of that committee, devolves the
pleasing duty of clothing in words what their hearts would
warmly express. Sir, for many long years you have been
constantly before the eyes of this people."
628
general u. 9. GRANT'S
2.
"Eighteen years and two months ago a neighboring state
had adopted the rule of neutrality in the dread internecine
war then commencing. Our statesmen were deeply troubled
and knew not how to solve the problem. You, Sir, like
the Macedonian conqueror, with your sword cut the Gor-
dian knot, and the first born daughter of the Constitution
no longer wavered in her devotion to the Union and to the
Union's flag. Two months after we saw you writing
your name in blood at fiercely contested Belmont.
Before the frosts of winter had thawed, you threw your
regiments around Donelson. Its commander, feeling the
death-grip upon him, asked for terms of capitulation.
That laconic reply, "Unconditional surrender; I propose
immediately to move upon your works," enriched the page
of military literature, and 15,000 of Confederate prisoners
came here to Chicago, living witnesses of your great
victory. Ere the buds of spring had burst into the sum-
mer's flower, Corinth, and Pittsburg Landing were your
trophies. And the waters of the Cumberland and
Tennessee rivers flowed freely, bearing the stars and
stripes through the Ohio, through on the Mississippi
to Memphis and below; but the mighty river refused
to carry you on to the gulf. Vicksburg, deemed
impregnable, frowned upon its turbulent waters, de-
manding a toll of death. You resolved that Vicksburg
should fall, and for you to resolve, has seemed in the past
for you to do. After months of strategic movement, long
marches, and many battles, you lay your army in front of
the Gibraltar of the South. But Vicksburg was vulnera-
ble only from the rear. Desirous of saving your army, you
endeavored to make a new channel for the mighty stream.
But the father of waters, despising your human efforts,
rolled on majestically-on beneath the enemy's guns. Sir,
unable to bridle the monster, you mounted his foaming
•

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
629
back, rode through the storm of fire and hail of shot.
Vicksburg fell, and Chicago shouted: "The backbone of the
Confederacy is broken." Chattanooga, Lookout Mountian,
and Missionary Ridge were then flowers in the chaplet
encircling your brow. We then saw you at the nation's
Capital commanding your country's armies. But your own
special duty was to reach Richmond, which had in the
past seemed a noli me tangere. You chose the line of the
Wilderness, and to the immortal Lincoln you declared that
you would 'fight it out on that line if it took
you all
summer,' thus giving evidence of the tenacity of your
own will, rousing the wavering and lifting up the down-
hearted. You did, sir, 'fight it out on that line,' and
Richmond was ours.
"We next saw you, sir, at Appomattox Court House,
receiving the sword of the brave, but mistaken Lee. You
handed it back to him. Keep it,' said you; 'a braver
man never wore a sword.' You bade him keep his horses,
for his folks would need them at the plow. You bade his
armies return to their homes, to rebuild their broken fire-
sides, and to re-establish their shattered fortunes. Sir,
Chicago and the world then applauded the clement
conqueror, as before they had admired the dauntless soldier.
The bloody war over, you said, 'Let us have peace,' and
a grateful nation lifted you to the highest position in its gift;
aye, the highest in the world. Eight years you were
President. Then, wearied with sixteen years of service to
your country, you sought rest in travel, turning your eyes
to the East. Moving off toward the cradle of the sun, you
were greeted in all lands, and received every greeting in
the name of your country.
"Sir, you have served your country nobly; your country
has honored you grandly. Like the immortal Washington,
you rose from the lowly walks of life, passed through all
630
General U. S. GRANT'S
:
"
..
•
military grades until you commanded its victorious armies.
Like him, you filled the office of President two long terms.
He, when his two terms were over, was offered a crown;
but, preferring the immortality of fame to temporary power,
he retired to private life, lives in the hearts of his people,
and all time will call him his country's father. You, too,
sir, when your two terms were over, obeying that part of
your country's Constitution in its unwritten traditions, hal-
lowed by the example of the immortal Washington—you,
too, retired, and you, too, sir, live and will live forever in
your countrymen's hearts.
"Sir, in the name of Chicago and its people, I prophesy
that when time shall have grown old; when the page of
history shall have become dim by the side of the great
quartet who have gone before you, your name, your statue,
will be placed, and by the side of Washington, of Jefferson,
of Jackson, and of the immortal Lincoln, will live the name
of Grant.
"Sir, again allow me to tender to you a hearty welcome
to the homes, to the fire-sides, and to the hearts of all the
people of Chicago, regardless of creed or of party."
At the conclusion of the Mayor's remarks, General
Grant bowed slightly, and responded as follows:
"MR. MAYOR, GENTLEMEN OF THE COMMITTEE OF
RECEPTION, GENTLEMEN OF CHICAGO AND OF ILLINOIS:
I feel very much honored by the welcome which I am
receiving at your hands to-day. I feel highly honored by
the speech of welcome which has just been uttered by your
worthy Mayor. It is something that is so personal to my-
self that it would hardly be in good taste for me to respond
to the language of it, and it leaves nothing, therefore, for
me to do than to repeat my thanks to this committee and to
the citizens of your city for the hearty reception which they
have given me.
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
631
-
"In regard to one allusion, to my receptions abroad, I
will say that in every case I felt it was a tribute to my own
country. I will add, further, that our country stands differ-
ently abroad in the estimation of the Europeans and East-
ern nations from what it did a quarter of a century ago.
An American citizen is regarded in a different light from
the American citizen of a quarter of a century ago. At
that time it was believed that we had not a nation; that it
was merely a confederation of states tied together by a rope
of sand, that would give way upon the slightest friction.
They have found out their grand mistake. They know
that we have now a government, that we are a Nation, and
that we are a strong, intelligent, and brave people, capable
of judging and knowing our rights, and determined on all
occasions to maintain them against either domestic or
foreign foes. And that is the explanation of the receptions
which you have received through me while I was abroad.
Gentlemen, I thank you."
As General Grant concluded his remarks, the Mayor
invited the crowd to come forward in twos and shake hands
with the General, stating that the General had seen a great
deal and was very hungry. Many of the old comrades
came forward and reminded him pleasantly in passing of
the last time they met.
The pressure of the crowd became so great that Mayor
Harrison was compelled to ask them to desist, and at 4
o'clock the Mayor and Colonel George R. Davis took him
in charge, and conducted him to his private parlor, where
a small company was assembled, consisting of Mrs. General
Grant, Mrs. Sheridan, the Hon. Thomas Hoyne, and
others. After a few complimentary remarks, he was con-
ducted to his carriage by General Chetlain and the Hon.
Thomas Hoyne, and departed to take dinner at his son's
house.
632
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
5.
:'.
Speaking of the decorations, the Inter-Ocean of the 13th
says: "The appearance of the city was a surprise to the
people of Chicago themselves. The gay attire which they
had been planning for weeks being richer and more com-
plete than had been pictured in anticipation. There were
a number of establishments that might be named which
spent over a thousand dollars in each adornment; but when
thousands worked with willing hands and loving hearts,
if with a smaller expenditure of money, to swell the gen-
eral welcome of the city to her guest, it would be perhaps
unfair, as it is unnecessary, to mention the few who, in
this respect, were able to surpass the rest."
"The grand arch, upon which the General first looked
as he stepped from the cars, spanned his path, with the
words, 'Chicago's Welcome,' and as he rode over the four
miles of the route Chicago's welcomes were spoken "all
along the line" in bowers of living green; in arches
bright with the colors of gay bunting; in lovely festoons
of flowers which drooped to the very ground from the high-
est tops of the brown-stone fronts of Michigan avenue; in
rich canopies which carried their tributes out to the very
steps of his carriage; in the magnificent trappings and
beautiful hangings on marble fronts; in floating pendants
and waving banners; in the millions of flags which cov-
ered the city almost as a great mantle of patriotism and
loyalty, and finally in portraits on every side of Grant
himself, and in matters which repeated again his own
terse and patriotic utterances that have become the dearly-
prized household words of the people.
From out such wondrous profusion in decorations
and such bewildering beauties of embellishment along four
miles of thoroughfare, it is a manifest impossibility to de-
scribe the appearance of each building, or even any con-
siderable number of the most prominent."
*
1
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
633
"
The St. Louis Globe Democrat, in speaking of the C
cago reception on the 12th said, "Chicago was gloriously
decorated. * * The scenes along the route of the
procession were almost beyond description, *
* the
four hundred thousand people who lined the streets were
wildly, madly enthusiastic." St. Louis Republican (Dem.):
"The whole central part of the city was a gorgeous scene
of patriotism, embodied in bunting and flowing out in
colors such as would make the rainbow hide its head." It
seems as if the whole Northwest had poured out its pop-
ulation to the citizen thus auspiciously returning to his
home."
The Cincinnati Commercial said: "A noticeable fea-
ture of the decorations was that not only were buildings own-
ed by Republicans replete with ornaments, but those of prom-
inent Democrats were among the most brilliant in their dis-
play of colors and evergreens. Messrs. Field & Leiter, both
outspoken Democrats, made a lavish display. The Demo-
cratic Palmer House, besides having made itself his head-
quarters during his stay, presented adornments in profusion,
which were of the most patriotic character. McVicker, who
is a life-long Democrat, enveloped his theatre from top to
bottom with red, white, and blue, with flags at every avail-
able point, and allegorical paintings fifty-two feet long and
fifteen feet high, representing General Grant as a tanner at
Galena, as the victorious soldier at Appomattox, and as the
inaugurated President of the nation.
The Cincinnatti Gazette said: "The military display
was fine. *
The reception in the evening wa
an indescribable ovation."
The Cincinnati Enquirer (Dem.) said:
"This wa
Grant's day, The Soldiers of the State of Illinois, of the
State of Indiana, of Michigan, and of Wisconsin gave him
such a demonstration as was never before seen in this city,
634
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
4.
or indeed any Western city. There was no concealing or
denying it because the enthusiasm was so unusual that every-
body had to acknowledge the fact."
The Louisville Courier-Journal (Dem.) said: "Gen-
eral Grant and party appeared at the head of the
second division, and the enthusiam was indescribable. He
appeared tired, wearied, and exhausted, but as cheer on
cheer arose he lifted his hat wearily and smiled. A descrip
tion of the entire progress of the procession might be
summed in the words, no living or dead man ever received
such an outburst of enthusiam. Ten minutes after the pro-
cession started, the sun burst through the clouds, adding
fresh zeal to the excitement. No such a rain storm has
occurred this year; no such a depth of mud was ever known;
so grand a street pageant was never seen, and no such wild
and unbridled excitement was ever experienced, is the
verdict."
.*
The Indianopolis Journal said:
"Chicago to-day
Grant
gave
a heroic reception, a cosmopolitan wel-
come, and to her hundreds upon thousands of popu-
lation there were added a hundred thousand visitors.
Never has this city been so densely packed, and never was
an American citizen accorded such a hearty greeting as has
been given this man. Chicago is celebrated for great deeds,
but this event will pass to record as the grandest and the
greatest and there is no event in the prophesy of man that
can call out a more brilliant one.”
66
The Detroit Post said: Chicago has never seen any-
thing like this day in all its history, or rather, it has seen
several occasions bearing some analogy to it, but none to
equal it in magnitude. Never before has the city pre-
sented such a festive appearance. Millions of flags and
banners were floating to the breeze, and every building on
the South Side and thousands of private residences every.
where were covered with the decorations.”
*
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
635
.
The formal reception by the Society of the Army of the
Tennessee, at Haverly's theatre, in the evening, fitly closed.
the extraordinary record of the day. The stage had been
transformed into a picturesque war scene, the hills in the
vicinity of Vicksburg rising in the distance, and nearer,
the fortifications of the Union troops. Field pieces were
in place pointing outward through the embrasures, and
on them and about them were grouped artillery men in
regulation dress. The grouping had a tableaux effect
that brought into clear relief the gathering of distin-
guished gentlemen in front. The theatre was beautifully
and elaborately decorated in flowers and evergreens.
In the parquette, dress circle, balcony and gallery was
a select audience, taking in the members of the different
army societies and many of Chicago's leading citizens. As
inany of the veterans wore uniforms, and as many of the
ladies, even in the gallery were in full dress, the assem-
blage was a brilliant one, even for that city.
Prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. H. W. Thomas.
The first address of the evening was by the Hon. E. B.
Washburne, who spoke a general welcome to the Society
and to General Grant. Mr. Washburne was at his best,
and his courtly manner and well chosen words gave to his
speech of welcome a special charm. A warm tribute to
McPherson, and a graceful mention of Grant, called out
responsive bursts of applause.
He was followed by Governor Cullom, who spoke the
welcome of the State. His unusually clear cut tones, his
dignified deliberation, and his special emphasis were hints
to those who knew him that his speech was not to be an
ordinary one, and it was not. His first reference to national
sentiment and nationality was the signal for a hearty round
of enthusiasm, and the plain talk that followed was
applauded to the echo. He made a dramatic mention of
}
.
--
636
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:
+
Grant that brought that gentleman to his feet in response
to continued calls from the audience. A reference to the
incomparable Sherman and the chivalric Logan compelled
each of those gentlemen to follow the example of Grant,
and rise in answer to the calls from the people in front.
Mayor Harrison spoke the welcome of the city, speak-
ing in his usual style and saying many good things. When-
ever he dropped an incidental remark about the distin-
guished ex-President, the audience stopped Mr. Harrison
with cheers, and kept up the noise until General Grant
arose and acknowledged the compliment with a bow.
General Sherman responded briefly and pointedly, his
first remark, to the effect that Chicago was ready and will-
ing, for a consideration, to feed the world, calling out a
double round of applause..
The annual address, by General Gresham, was read in
a smooth, lawyer-like manner, and, coming after the
impromptu speeches, seemed at first as not likely to claim
the close attention of those outside of army circles. But
soon the people awoke to the realization that a scholarly
gentleman was discussing vital questions of general inter-
est, and the speaker not only had the closest attention of
all, but the heartiest commendation.
After the presentation of a banner to the Society by
General Logan in a graceful speech, and a response, half
playful, half earnest, by General Sherman, it was an-
nounced that there would be a song. This was met by a
determined call for General Grant, and he arose as if to
excuse himself, saying he would fill the regular order on
the programme. The audience, quick to see the drift of
this remark, informed him that he was not on the pro-
As he took
gramme, and insisted that he should go on.
from his pocket a few pages of manuscript, the crowd
cheered, and the officers on the stage turned toward him
with new interest on their faces.
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
637
t
;
The General stepped forward and said:
COMRADES OF THE SOCIETY OF THE ARMY OF THE
TENNESSEE: After an absence of several years from the
gatherings of the society of the Army of the Tennessee.
it affords me heart-felt pleasure to again be with you, my
earliest comrades in arms in the great conflict for nationality
and union of all the states under our free and always-to-be
maintained government. In my long absence from the
country I have had the most favorable opportunity for seeing
and comparing, in my own mind, our institutions with all
European countries, and most of those of Asia-comparing
our resources, developed and dormant, the capacity and
energy of our people for upholding and developing its
resources, with most of the civilized people of the world.
Everywhere, from England to Japan, from Russia to Spain
and Portugal, we are understood, our resources highly
appreciated, and the skill, energy, and intelligence of the
citizens recognized. My receptions have been everywhere
kind, and an acknowledgement that the United States is a
Nation, a strong, independent, and free Nation, composed
of strong, brave, and intelligent people, capable of judging
of their rights, and ready to maintain them at all hazards.
This is a non-partisan association, but composed of men
who are united in the determination that no foe, domestic or
foreign, shall interpose between us and the maintenance
of our grand, free, and enlightened institutions, and unity
of all the States. The area of our country, its fertility,
the energy and resources of our people, with a sparsity of
population compared to area, postpones the day for genera-
tions to come when our descendants will have to consider
the question of how the soil is to support them, how the
most can be produced to sustain human life, without refer-
ence to the taste or desires of the people, and when but few
can exercise the privilege of the plain luxury of selecting

638
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
1
1.
the articles of food they will eat, the quantity and quality
of clothing they wear, but will remain the abundant home
of all who possess the energy and strength and make good
use of them, if we remain true to ourselves. Such a
country is one to be proud of. I am proud of it—proud
that I am an American citizen. Every citizen, North,
South, East and West, enjoys a common heritage, and
should feel an equal pride in it.
"I am glad these society meetings keep up their in-
terest so long after the events which, in a sense, they
commemorate have passed away. They do not serve to
keep up sectional feeling or bitterness toward our late
foe; but they do keep up the feeling that we are a nation,
and that it must be preserved, one and indivisible. We
feel and maintain that those who fought, and fought
bravely, on the other side from us, have equal claims with
ourselves in all the blessings of our great and common
country. We claim for them the right to travel all over
this broad land and select where they please the right to
settle, become citizens, and enjoy their political and reli-
gious convictions free from molestation or ostracism,
either on account of them or their connection with the past.
We ask nothing more for ourselves, and would rejoice to
see them become powerful rivals in the development of our
great resources, in the acquisition of all that shall be de-
sirable in this life, and in patriotism and love of country."
The little speech was extremely well received, and as the
General folded his paper and put it in his vest pocket
there was a round of applause, interrupted by a vigorous
call for General Sheridan, which soon brought him to the
front to make a happy little two-minute speech. Then, at
the order of the now determined audience, came Pope,
Oglesby, Schofield and Mark Twain, each to speak briefly.
Frank Lumbard's quartet did fine service.

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
639
The tattoo was then given, and the president announced
the society adjourned till the following morning.
The Inter-Ocean in summing up the welcome given
General Grant, said:
Chicago has spoken her welcome. With what warmth.
and demonstrativeness is best shown in our reports giving
particulars of the great display. If the warmth and earnest-
ness of the great display are to be judged by the magnitude
of the parade, by the numbers and enthusiasm of the people,
by the presence in the procession of representatives of every
department of government, every branch of business, every
industrial interest, and every class of citizens, then Chicago
has spoken as has no other community. The commanders
and soldiers of the old armies, the commanders of the pres-
ent army, the miltary authorities and military forces of the
state, the different departments of the city government, the
manufacturing and commercial interests of the state and
city, were never before combined to speak so grand a wel-
come. Chicago has spoken as only Chicago can speak.
And she means it.
The following day the General attended a reception
given by the Union Veteran Club, given at McVicker's
theatre, at 10:30 A. M. The speech making was preceded
by an allegorical tableau.
The tableau presented a semicircle of young girls, with
a throne in the middle of the arc bearing the presiding
genius. This central figure was a representative of Colum-
bia, who excited unanimous approval. She was seated on
a dais, and above her gleaming helmet she bore a standard
-that of the Twenty-first Illinois Infantry-which was a
mere tatter. The bare arms were bound at wrist and upper
arm with broad gold bracelets. The pure white of the
waist was relieved by a silken flag draped as the skirt.
The lady, Miss Adella Barker, by her many charms, pre

640
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
**
:
sided a worthy Queen over the goddesses. On her broad
shield she bore the salutation to General Grant, "In the
name of the United States you saved, I welcome you.”
The young and charming representatives of the states
who supported them, were dressed in pure white, with
strands of flowers caught in their skirts and clusters of
flowers on the breast and in the hair. They wore graceful
crowns of blue, edged with crimson and ornamented, each
with three silver stars. Flowing down from the crowns,
the luxuriant hair, in almost every instance blonde, reached
to the waist. In her right hand each goddess held a blue
shield bearing the name of a state and the words after it,
"Welcome you." In the other hand she flourished a small
flag.
Six little goddesses, representing the Territories, stood
a little in advance of the main line, directly in front of
Columbia, and bloomed all over with gay flowers.
A noticeable representative of a State was the tall bru
nette, bearing on her shield the legend, "Michigan wel-
comes you." Her raven hair sweeping down her shoulders
was matched by a broad, black scarf, in memory of
Chandler.
General Chetlain, President of the Union Veterans,
made an address of welcome. An eloquent address by
Gen. Hogan received hearty and enthusiastic notice; he was
followed by General Grant, who said:
“COMRADES AND VETERANS OF THE LATE WAR: I
was entirely unaware of the object of my coming here this
morning. I thought it was to be the place where we were
to meet this evening, or some other place. I was not aware
that I was going to meet so many of my old comrades. I
assure you it affords me great pleasure to meet you here,
and to meet you everywhere.
"Veterans of the old war, and my former companions in
!

こ
​Au
GENERAL GRANT ON THE LAKE SHORE DRIVE, LINCOLN PARK, CHICAGO.

1.
i
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
643
..:
1.
all my travels, I have not been in a country, in hardly a
town, and in hardly a place, in the two and a-half years
that I have been away from my own country where I
have not met some of your number. As we heard last
night, wars, while not desirable, still are not always unat-
tended with good. We believe sincerely that the war
which we waged was attended with great good to our coun-
try. We believe that our victory redounded to the benefit
of the vanquished, as well as to ourselves. We believe
that they to-day would have been in a very much worse
condition had their cause succeeded, and we certainly would
have been infinitely worse off. Wars render another ben-
efit. People who grow up in time of profound peace are
very apt to vegetate and live along in the place, or near
the place, of their birth, but having been torn away from
their homes, as you all were, and having passed through
the struggles and privations of the war, you were the more
content to return to your homes, or to go to the best places
for the development of your intelligence and your talents.
The veterans of the war are now scattered over this broad
land, are now developing our Territories, opening new
mines, clearing new farms, and in every way adding to the
greatness and prosperity of our nation. They are making
our country fekt, known, and appreciated wherever a flag
can wave.
"Now, gentlemen, I have said a great deal more than I
had any idea I could say when I got up. But, as Mark
Twain very aptly remarked last evening, I could make a
very much better extemporaneous speech if I had a couple
of hours to prepare it."
The General's address aroused the wildest enthusiasm,
the audience springing to its feet and giving round after round
of applause. Hon. Emory A. Storrs delivered the address of
the day, and was accorded a flattering reception. In
1
644
GENERAL U. 8. GRANT'S
:
response to repeated calls from the audience, Gen. Fuller,
ex-Gov. Oglesby, Gen. Woodford, of N. Y., made brief
but eloquent addresses. "Taps" ended the programme,
At 12 o'clock, General Grant lunched at the residence
of Hon. E. B. Washburne. The affair was private and
unostentatious. At 2:30 o'clock he attended the reception
of the society of the Army of the Tennessee. Mrs. Grant
received with the General. Receiving with her were Mrs.
Gen. Logan, Mrs. W. Q. Gresham, Mrs. P. H. Sheridan,
Mrs. A. L. Chetlain, and Mrs. Fred Grant. The ladies
who received with the General, were in full dress.
Gen. Chetlain and Gen. Logan presented each of the
long line, announcing their names and passing them on.
The General stood the ordeal with grim silence, occasion-
ally muttering a word with old acquaintances. Each comer
was presented to Mrs. Grant, and the receiving ladies as
far as possible, but the encounter with the General and his
wife was generally sufficient for all who passed.
To carry out the programme of the day, at 3:30 the
General was compelled to leave, and attend the reception
of the Union Veteran Club, where the wildest enthusiasm
was manifested. Shortly after 4 o'clock, he withdrew to
his private parlors to seek the needed rest and prepare him-
self for the evening's business.
In the evening the General attended the grand banquet
at the Palmer House, given by the members of the Army
of the Tennessee. No handsomer sight was ever seen in
Chicago than that afforded, when the 460 banqueters had
all found seats at eighteen tables, which had been prepared
for their reception. The hall was handsomely draped with
flags and embellished with evergreens and flowers. Gen.
W. T. Sherman presided. The supper itself was a success,
We give the menu:

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
645
.
'.
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL BANQUET
OF THE
SOCIETY OF THE ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE.
MENU.
Blue Point Oysters on the Shell. Sauterne.
Green Turtle Soup. Sherry.
Boiled California Salmon. Holland Sauce. Claret.
Parisienne Potatoes.
Roast Fillet of Beef, Larded with Mushrooms.
Champagne.
Croquets of Potatoes.
Cutlets of Minced Game.
Sweet-breads with Spinach.
Croquets of Chicken.
Roman Punch.
Roast Saddle of Venison.
Roast Prairie Chicken.
Buffalo Steaks. Truffle Sauce.
Breasts of Ducks, Larded. Currant Jelly.
Fillet of Wild Turkey. Cranberry Sauce.
Chicken Salad.
Shrimp Salad.
Celery Salad.
Neapolitan Ice Cream.
Ices.
Cakes, assorted.
Wine Jellies.
Charlotte Russe.
Meringes, assorted.
Fruits.
Hard Tack.
Roquefort and English Cheese.
Celery.
Coffee.
Cognac.
Cigars.
PALMER HOUSE, Nov. 13, 1879.
At 10.45 General Sherman arose and quieted the tumult
and proceeded to say:
'GENTLEMEN: We have a long list before us, and one
of the richest I have ever had spread before me. And I
am extremely anxious that this evening shall be a bright
one in our future memories. We can only accomplish this
result by almost absolute silence; and I beg, almost implore
of you, every man, to be just as quiet as possible, because
646
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
1
sounds added together reverberate in this hall, and will
spoil the best speech that can possibly be made."
He then complimented the musicians upon the excel-
lence of their efforts thus far, and suggested that where
the programme called for music they simply give a soft
strain, and not a whole tune. "Make it, as it were, a loop
between the speeches. With a few admonitions of this
kind, I am sure we will have an evening, a night, if you
please, of cheering entertainment.
"I do not pretend to say anything myself, but will call
the toasts in the order in which they are recorded on the
programme, simply introducing each speaker. There
happen to be three speakers absent, but their places have
been filled by the Committee, and I have recorded their
names, so that the speeches will follow each other in quick
succession. Each speaker is requested to speak as long
as he holds his audience. As to applause, gentlemen,
recollect that that takes a good deal of time. A good,
hearty laugh and marked applause are all right, but don't
drawl it out into a long giggle, or into a noise. Let the
applause be short and emphatic.
"Now, gentlemen, we will proceed at once to the
regular order of the evening. And I am pleased to see
everybody smiling and pleasant. Some of the speakers
who are in your midst will speak from their present posi-
tion, either by getting on a chair, or standing, as they
please. But, wherever they are, I beg the audience to
give them a respectful hearing."
"The first toast of the evening," said General Sher-
man, "is 'Our Country-Her Place Among Nations,'
and will be responded to by General U. S. Grant."
As General Grant arose he was received with tumultu-
ous applause and cheers, which lasted several minutes,
the greeting being extremely cordial. When silence was
restored he said :
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
647
"MR. PREsident anD GENTLEMEN OF THE SOCIETY
OF THE ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, AND GUESTS: Notice
was sent to me some days ago that I was to respond to a
toast here, but I paid no attention to it at the time, and had
no idea, until I got here, of the toast I was to reply to. I
had relied upon it that there would be half a dozen or more
speakers before I would be called upon, and that, during
that time, there would be a man out in the hall I would
want to see, or thought I would exert some other flank
movement by which I would get out of it. Finding, how-
ever, after my arrival here, that I was to be the first one
called upon, and hardly feeling it would be proper to look
for that man so early in the evening, I put in a substitute,
but the President of your Society has not called upon the
man. I know if he had called the name on his paper you
would have heard much more said about the position of our
country among the nations of the earth than I can say to
you. I can feel what the Mayor would probably have said
if the President had called upon him. But, as I have to
say a word, I shall rely now upon your signifying, in a very
few moments, your disapprobation of what I am saying, so
as to let me off. The President has given notice that we
are not to speak any longer than we can hold the audience.
Our Nation we have been in the habit ourselves of looking
upon as being one of the first nations of the earth.
"For a long period back the Yankee has had not only a
very respectable opinion of himself individually, but of his
country as a whole. It has been our own opinion that we
had nothing to fear in a contest with any other Power. I
am pleased to say, that from the observations that I have
been able to make in the last two and a half years, we are
beginning to be regarded a little by other Powers as we in
our vanity have heretofore regarded ourselves. We do,
among other nations, I think, to-day, not only in our own
648
GENERAL U. S. GRANT S
conceit, but in the acknowledgment of other nations, occupy
the position of one of the first Powers in all that goes to
make up a great nationality. We have the strength, we
have the individual self-assertion, independence; and we
have to a greater degree than almost any other nation the
power of colonizing, of settling up new country, opening it
and developing it. We have also the very great advantage
of being without neighbors to molest or make us afraid. It
is true we have a northern frontier, and we have a southern
frontier, but we get along with a very small army. We
keep no standing army. What little we do keep, as some
one remarked the other day, is a standing army because it
has no time to sit down. Mr. President [who was seated],
I find you filling the position with a good deal of ability. I
don't know of anything I can specially add to what I have
said, except in the way of advice; and that is, let us be true
to ourselves; avoid all bitterness and ill-feeling, either on
the part of sections or parties, toward each other, avoid
quarreling among ourselves, and we need have no fears for
the future of maintaining the stand that we have taken
among nations, so far as opposition from foreign nations
goes. Gentlemen, I am much obliged for your attention."
The President and Congress" was responded to by
General Logan, in an eloquent address, which was received
with rapturous applause. "The Army of the Tennessee"
was responded to by General Hurlburt, and was a glorious
tribute to its two commanders, Grant and Sherman. The
speaker took his seat amid great enthusiasm and cheers.
The toast, "Our First Commander, Gen. U. S. Grant,"
was responded to by Col. Vilas, of Madison, Wis.,—a War-
Democrat-as follows:
"Your call invites me, sir, I am conscious, to give
expression to the profound feeling with which every heart
of our assembled companions respond to the stirring senti-

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
649
meut. But how shall I attempt to choose, in the brief
compass the occasion allows, from the multitudinous
thoughts that crowd the mind? Our first commander, the
illustrious General, whose fame has grown to fill the world!
Nay, more! Our old Band of the Tennessee was his first
army! What honorable memories of old association you,
companions, may now recall! How splendid was your
entrance on the scene of arms! The anxious eye of the
North had long been fixed on the Eastern theatre, almost
unconscious of the new-formed Army of the Tennessee
and its unknown General. Suddenly there fell on the
startled ear the roar of your fight at Donelson and your
chieftain's victorious cry,-which waked the country's
heart to ecstasy, and rung, like a prophetic knell, the
doom our Army of Salvation bore to Rebels,-'Nothing,
but unconditional surrender.'
(
"Then, but a few days later, there burst, at Shiloh, upon
this Army of the Tennessee, the flame and fury of the
first great field-fight of the war.' In desperate doubt the
night-fall of the bloody day closed on the unequal struggle.
Higher, then, rose the iron resolution of that great com-
mander. Urged by cautious counsel to prepare the way
for retreat, with trust in your valor, he gave the character-
istic answer, 'I have not despaired of whipping them yet.'
And loyally, on the morrow, was he vindicated in that
reliance, as he rode before his soldiery, driving the enemy
over the victorious fields. How darkly comes back in recol-
lection the long and dismal toil in the pestilential swamps
before impregnable Vicksburg. The sky was overhung in
gloom, and the soaked earth sunk under the foot. Unlit by
the flash of powder, unheralded by the noise of arms, in
miserable darkness, the last enemy irresistibly plied his
fatal work, changing the river levees-where only was
solid ground for burial-into tombs for our trebly-decimated
;
65c
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
-:
-
.
ranks. Then, again, new light broke from his troubled
genius on the scene, and displayed the possible path of
valor. Breaking past the rebel battlements and across the
great river, he flung our army into the midst of the hostile
host, like a mighty gladiator surrounded by his foes, chous-
ing no escape but in victory. There, with fiery zest, in
fierce rapidity, he smote the foe the crushing strokes for
Fort Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, and
Black River, and seized the doomed city with the unrelent-
ing grasp of his Army of the Tennessee.
"And when, on the new birthday of the Republic, her
flag shook out its beautiful folds above the ramparts or that
boasted citadel, the territory of revolt was finally split in
twain,—the backbone of the Rebellion was broken.
"Such, in a glance, your splendid story,companions, under
our first commander. He and his army of the Tennessee
entered on the page of history together. Together they
achieved the first great prophetic triumphs for the Union;
together they followed and fought her enemies from field
to field, pushing our advancing arms in steady career
towards the Gulf; nor were their efforts for our country
disunited until, having dismembered the vast Pebellion, the
beginning of its utter downfall had been seen.
"Guided by his genius, your army had learned to fight
-only to conquer. Parted from him, it forgot not the teach-
ing. Its march and war struck every revolted State save
wo, but never General anywhere lamented over its retreat
from the field of arms. Joyfully may we point to that
exalted fame which, rising like a pinnacle of the Alps;
ibreaks through the firmament above to carry up the name
of the unconquered Grant; for it is our felicity that, on the
solid base from which it lifts, history has written the proud
legend of the Army of the Tennessee, which never shunned
and never lost, a battle with its foes.

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
651
:-
12
Joined to it by such a story, and especially when so
assembled, his old associates and soldiers in war, we may
rightfully without censure and without adulation, claim
and speak the just measure of his merit and renown. Nor
shall his presence deny that satisfaction to us.
His repu-
tation is not his, nor even his country's alone. It is, in
part, our peculiar possession. We, who fought to aid its
rising, may well rejoice in its meridian splendor.
The foundations of his title are deep laid and safe.
There was reaction in the minds of our people after the
intense strain of war, and many distracting subjects for
attention. But, with regained composure and reflection,
his reputation augments, and its foundations appear more
and more immovably fixed for lasting duration. They
spring not from merely having enjoyed possession of the
honors of place and power which his countrymen have
bestowed; others have had them too. They lie not spe-
cially on his shining courage and personal conduct before the
enemy, who was never outdone in calm intrepidity, nor in
the splendid daring with which he ever urged the battle he
immediately ordered; though long these will live in song
and story. Beyond the warrior's distinction, which was
his earlier glory, his is the true genius of the General. The
strategic learning of the military art was to him a simple.
implement, like colors and brush to a Raphael, not fetters
to the mind. How like a weapon in the giant's hand did he
wield the vast aggregation of soldiery whose immensity
oppressed so many minds! How easily moved his divis-
ions, yet how firm the place of all! How every soldier
came to feel his participation a direct contribution to the
general success. And when, at length, his merit won the
government of the entire military power of the North, how
perfect became, without noise or friction, the co-operation
of every army, of every strength, throughout the wide ter-
TRAN
T
652
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
**
ritory of war towards the common end! Subordinate
every will and jealous soul, the profound military wisdom
of the capital even, to the clear purpose and compre-
hensive grasp of the one commanding mind. Then how
rapidly crumbled on every side the crushed revolt! When
shall we find in past records the tale of such a struggle so
enormous in extent, so nearly matched at the outset, so
desperately contested, so effectively decided? Through
what a course of uninterrupted victory did he proceed
from the earliest engagements to a complete dominion of
the vast catastrophe! Nor should it be forgotten, he
fought no barbarians, ill-equipped, undisciplined, not
commanded by educated skill; but against soldiers of the
finest spirit, armed with the best weapons, standing on
their own familiar ground, and led by veteran generals of
well-trained science, one of whom, at least, was never
overmatched on his chosen field before.
in
"Spare, in pity, the poor brain which cannot see,
this career, more than a dogged pertinacity! Out upon
the unjust prejudice which will consciously disparage the
true meed of genius! Leave it where his reliant science
leaves it; leave it to history; leave it to the world!
“But in the great cause, so well understood, and the
great results to men, so well accomplished, the basis of his
renown is justly broadened. For the salvation of this Gov-
ernment of freedom for mankind we took up arms. When
Risen to the
liberty was safe they were laid down again.
highest seat of power, he has descended as a citizen of equal
rank with all. This goes to the soul of American liberty,
ennobling individual citizenship above all servants in
office. He is indeed the noblest grandeur of mankind
who can rise from the grasp of overtopping power above
the ambition of self to exalt the ambition of humanity,
denying the spoils of the brief time to the lasting
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
653
-
·
guerdon of immortal honor. The judgment of imme-
diate contemporaries has been apt to rise too high or
fall too low. But let not detraction or calumny mislead.
They have ever been the temporal accompaniments of
human greatness. That glory cannot rise beyond the clouds,
which passes not through the clouds. We may confidently
accept the judgment of the world. It has been unmistak-
ably delivered. But lately, as he had pressed his wander-
ing course about the round earth, mankind have every-
where bowed in homage at his coming, as the ancient
devotees of the East fell before the sun at rising. These
honors were not paid to his person, which was unknown;
they were not paid to his country, for which he went on no
errand, and whose representative never had the like before;
they were not paid to him as to some potentate of a people,
for he journeyed not as a man in power. They have been
the willing prostration of mortality before a glory imper-
ishable.
"His memory shall, indeed, be in the line of the heroes of
but distinctive and apart from the greater number.
war,
Not with the kind of Alexander, who ravaged the earth to
add to mere dominion; nor of Belisarius, who but fed the
greedy craving of an imperial beast of prey; not with
Marlborough, Eugene, Wellington, who played the parts.
set them by the craft of diplomacy; not with the Napoleons,
who chose "to wade through slaughter to the throne, and
shut the gates of mercy on mankind;" not with Cæsar, who
would have put the ambitious hand of arms on the delicate
fabric of constitutional freedom; America holds a higher
place in the congregation of glory for her heroes of
Liberty, where sits in expectation, her majestic Washington.
In nobler ambition than the gaining of empire, they have.
borne their puissant arms for the kingdom of man, where
Liberty reigneth forever. From the blood poured out in
W

654
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
"
their warfare, sweet incense rose to heaven; and angels
soothed, with honorable pride, the tears which sorrow
started for the dead.
"Home again now, our first commander, after the jour-
ney of the world! Here, here again we greet him at our
social board, where with recurring years we regale on the
deeper-ripening memories of our soldiership for freedom.
Partakers of the labors, the perils, the triumphs which
were the beginnings of his glory, we join now, with exulta-
tion, in the welcoming honors by which his grateful
countrymen tell their foreknowledge of the immortality
of his renown. Long and many be the years, illustrious
leader, before your hour of departure come! Green and
vigorous be your age, undecayed every faculty of mind
and sense, in full fruition of the well-earned joys of life;
happy in the welfare of your native land, the love of your
countrymen, the admiration of the world!"
The vast assembly rose to its feet as the eloquent
Colonel concluded his response and sat down. The hall
resounded with applause and cheers, and everybody waved
a napkin or a handkerchief in the air to show appreciation
of what must be considered as the most dignified and
scholarly response, made all the more enjoyable by the
Colonel's eloquence, of the entire evening. Colonel Vilas
was obliged to respond to all this enthusiasm by remounting
his chair and receiving three rousing cheers as he did so.
The "Officers and Soldiers of the Mexican War," re-
sponded to by General Woodford. "The Army of the Po-
tomac," responded to by Leonard Swett. "The Army of the
Cumberland-its Leaders." Response by General Wilson.
"The Other Armies." Response by General Pope. "The
Volunteer Soldiers," by Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll.
"The Patriotic People," Emory A. Storrs. "Woman,"
General Fletcher. The last regular toast of the evening

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
655
was, "The Babies; as they comfort us in our sorrows, let
us not forget them in our festivities," responded to by
Mark Twain. He said:
"I like that. We have not all had the good fortune to
be ladies. We have not all been generals, or poets, or
statesmen, but when the toast works down to the babies we
stand on common ground, for we have all been babies. It
is a shame that, for a thousand years, the world's banquets
have utterly ignored the baby, as if he didn't amount to
anything, If you will stop and think a minute,—if you will
go back fifty or a hundred years to your early married life,
and recontemplate your first baby,-you will remember
that he amounted to a good deal, and even something over.
You soldiers all know that when that little fellow arrived
at family headquarters you had to hand in your resignation.
He took entire command. You became his lackey-his
mere body-servant, and you had to stand around, too. He
was not a commander who made allowances for time, dis-
tance, weather, or any thing else. You had to execute his
order whether it was possible or not.
And there was only
one form of machinery in his manual of tactics, and that
was the double-quick. He treated you with every sort of
insolence and disrespect, and the bravest of you didn't dare
to say a word. You could face the death storm of Donel-
son and Vicksburg, and give back blow for blow, but when
he clawed your whiskers, and pulled your hair, and twisted
your nose, you had to take it. When the thunders of war
were sounding in your ears, you set your faces toward the
batteries, and advanced with steady tread, but when he
turned on the terrors of his war-whoop, you advanced in the
other direction, and mighty glad of the chance, too. When
he called for soothing-syrup, did you venture to throw out
any side remarks about certain services being unbecoming
an officer and a gentleman? No. You got up and got
?

656
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
2
7.
7
it. When he ordered his pap bottle and it was not warm,
did you talk back? Not you. You went to work and
warmed it. You even descended so far in your menial office
as to take a suck at that warm, insipid stuff, just to see if it
was right-three parts water to one of milk, a touch of
sugar to modify the colic, and a drop of peppermint to kill
those immortal hiccoughs. I can taste that stuff. And how
many things you learned as you went along! Sentimental
young folks still take stock in that beautiful old saying, that
when the baby smiles it is because the angels are whisper-
ing to him. Very pretty, but too thin-simply wind on the
stomach, my friends. If the baby proposed to take a walk
at his usual hour, 2 o'clock in the morning, didn't you
rise up promptly and remark, with a mental addition
which would not improve a Sunday-school book much,
that that was the very thing you were about to propose
yourself? Oh! you were under good discipline, and, as
you went faltering up and down the room in your undress
uniform, you not only prattled undignified baby-talk, but
even tuned up your martial voices and tried to sing “Rock-
a-by baby in the tree top," for instance. What a spectacle
for an Army of the Tennessee! And what an affliction
for the neighbors, too, for it is not everybody within a mile
around that likes military music at three in the morning.
And when you had been keeping this sort of thing up two
or three hours, and your little velvet-head intimated that
nothing suited him like exercise and noise, what did you
do? You simply went on until you dropped in the last
ditch. The idea that a baby doesn't amount to anything!
Why, one baby is just a house and a front yard full by
itself. One baby can furnish more business than you and
your whole Interior Department can attend to. He is
enterprising, irrepressible, brimful of lawless activities.
Do what you please, you can't make him stay on the reser-

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
657
vation. Sufficient unto the day is one baby. As long as
you are in your right mind don't you ever pray for twins.
Twins amount to a permanent riot. And there ain't any
real difference between triplets and an insurrection.
"Yes, it was high time for a toast to the masses to recog
nize the importance of the babies. Think what is in store
for the present crop! Fifty years from now we shall all be
dead, I trust, and then this flag, if it still survive (and let us
hope it may), will he floating over a republic numbering
200,000,000 souls, according to the settled laws of our
increase. Our present schooner of state will have grown
into a political leviathan-a Great Eastern. The cradled
babies of to-day will be on deck. Let them be well trained,
for we are going to leave a big contract on their hands.
Among the three or four million cradles now rocking in the
land are some which this nation would preserve for ages as
sacred things, if we could know which ones they are. In
one of these cradles, the unconscious Farragut of the future
is at this moment teething; think of it, and putting in a
word of dead earnest, inarticulated, but perfectly justifiable
profanity over it, too. In another the future renowned
astronomer is blinking at the shining milky way with but a
liquid interest, poor little chap! and wondering what has
become of that other one they call the wet nurse. In
another the future great historian is lying, and doubtless
will continue to lie until his earthly mission is ended. In
another the future President is busying himself with no pro-
founder problem of state than what the mischief has become
of his hair so early, and in a mighty array of other cradles
there are now some 60,000 future office-seekers, getting
ready to furnish him occasion to grapple with that same
old problem a second time. And in still one more cradle,
somewhere under the flag, the future illustrious commander-
in-chief of the American armies is so little burdened with

658
general u. s. grant's
:
his approaching grandeurs and responsibilities as to be giv
ing his whole strategic mind at this moment to trying to
find out some way to get his big toe into his mouth—an
achievement which, meaning no disrespect, the illustrious
guest of this evening turned his attention to some fifty-six
years ago; and if the child is but a prophecy of the man,
there are mighty few who will doubt that he succeeded."
Letters of regret were read from President Hayes,
members of the cabinet, governors of states, judges of the
Supreme Court, civil. military and naval officers. The
Chicago Tribune, speaking of speeches at this banquet,
said:
'These were specimens of oratory, for the most part, that
every American may be proud of; one or two of the addresses
were so brilliant that, like Ingersoll's eulogy on Blaine
in the Cincinnati Convention, they are likely to find their
way into the prints of all countries; one or two others were
strikingly characteristic of the humor and sentiment of the
American people. In an oratorical tournament General
Grant is, of course, better as a listener than as a talker; he
is a man of deeds rather than words. The same might be
said of General Sherman, though, as presiding officer and
toast-master of the occasion, his impromptu remarks were
always pertinent and keen.”
Col. Bob. Ingersoll succeeded in retaining the laurels
which was so long since placed upon his brow, though
when Col. Vilas, of Madison, sat down, it was thought
that even Ingersoll's powers of oratory would be severely
taxed to arouse equal enthusiasm. Ingersoll's theme-"The
volunteer soldiers was one that drew from his warm heart
the most earnest outpourings of gratitude and eulogy. He
had an opportunity to pay a tribute to the men whom he
most loves and respects in all the world, because they fought
freely and heroically in the cause of the nation and univer-
""
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
659
Y
sal humanity. His speech glittered with hyperbole, rendered
more brilliant by the orator's earnest delivery, and nearly
every word seemed like a beautiful picture to the delighted
senses of his hearers. What more bountiful imagery could
have been presented than when he spoke of the volunteer
soldiers as "the defenders of humanity, the destroyers of
prejudice, the breakers of chains," or, again, as "the sav-
iors of the Republic and the liberators of men!" How strik-
ing the figure that Lincoln, in his Emancipation Proclama-
tion, "copied with the pen what the grand hands of brave.
comrades had written with their swords!" How pictur-
esque the greeting to Grant as, "the great leader who, hav-
ing put a shining band of friendship-a girdle of clasped
and loving hands around the globe, came home to find
that every promise made in war has now the ring and gleam
of gold!" How appropriate and stirring was his final apos-
trophe, ending: "Let us drink to all the living and all the
dead-to Sherman, and to Sheridan, and to Grant, the
laureled soldiers of this world, and last to Lincoln, whose
loving life, like a bow of peace, spans and arches all the
clouds of war!" There is little wonder that Ingersoll was
interrupted at every sentence with loud and ringing ap-
plause, though the night was far spent and the assembled
hundreds weary."
The speech of Col. Vilas, who responded to the toast,
"Our First Commander-U. S. Grant," was a genuine
surprise. Even those who had reason to expect something
brilliant from him must have been astonished the rich
garnishment of language which this Wisconsin orator
brought to Grant's glory. The latter-day prejudice against
what is known as "fine writing" was dissipated by the
sonorous and well rounded periods which he turned off so
magically, and which took the multitude off their feet.
This tribute to Grant's renown was the more effective
660
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
..
:
because it came from an old Democrat, and there was
something very like a pointed rebuke to many members of
his own party when Col. Vilas exclaimed: "Spa: e, in
pity, the poor brain which cannot see in this career more
than a dogged pertinacity! Out upon the unjust prejudice
which will consciously disparage the true meed of genius!
Leave it where his reliant silence leaves it,-leave it to
history, leave it to the world." The sketch of Grant's
military achievements was rapid, impetuous, and vivid, but
the most eloquent part of the speech was that contrasting
America's military heroes with those of other nations, illus-
trating their worthier motives, and ending: "In nobler
ambition than the gaining of empire, they have borne their
puissant arms for the Kingdom of Man, where Liberty
reigneth forever; from the blood poured out in their war-
fare sweet incense rose to Heaven, and angels soothed with
honorable pride the tears which sorrow started for the
dead."
There were other speeches at the Palmer House
banquet which, if not so spirited as the two from which we
have quoted, were still specimens of oratory of which all
Americans will be proud. Notable among these were the
address of Gen. Woodford who spoke for the Army of the
Potomac, and that of Mr. Storrs, who paid tribute to the
patriotism of those who fed and clothed our armies. Mark
Twain's speech was a characteristic specimen of that
peculiar American humor that perplexes the people of
other lands and other manners, and its success is best
attested by the roars and convulsions of laughter with
which it was received at an hour when people ordinarily
find it difficult to hold up their heads and keep their eyes
open. His sketch of the immature heroes of the future
was made up of genuine wit, and, altogether, he was
delivered of one of the happiest efforts of his life.
Tí
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661
The eloquence of the Palmer House banquet will be
felt throughout the length and breadth of the land, and
will be memorable in the annals of the Army of the
Tennessee till the last survivor of that Association shall
pass away.
On the 14th, Col. and Mrs. Fred Grant gave a recep-
tion at their home from 12 to 4 o'clock, and was one of the
most pleasant gatherings given the honored guest, and was
attended by the elite of the city. Everything was elegant
and in perfect order. A profusion of rich and elaborate re-
ception toilets were displayed by the ladies present, and the
tasteful blending of colors served to lend an additional
beauty to the already brilliant picture.
Mrs. Grant was richly attired in a princess dress of heavy
royal purple velvet, with front of fringe and purple beads;
corsage square, and filled in with point lace; heavy wrought
gold bracelets; diamond cross and earrings; hair in coil,
fastened with tortoise comb.
Mrs. Fred Grant wore a rich dress of white striped
grenadine, embroidered with white silk, with clusters of
pinks and white roses; diamond jewelry; hair dressed high,
with gold band and bangles, and gold ornaments.
In the evening a reception by the Chicago Club at their
club house, was second only, perhaps, in importance in the
series of receptions given General Grant, to that of the
banquet by the Army of the Tennessee; 1,200 were pres-
ent. Mr. and Mrs. Grant and the reception party arrived
early, and took their places in the card room-which is the
largest apartment in the building-promptly at 8 o'clock, in
the following order: Mr. Grant, with Mrs. Grant immedi
ately on his right. Next came Mrs. Gen. Sheridan, then
Mrs. Fred Grant, then Mrs. Rebert Lincoln and Mrs. Wirt
Dexter. Immediately on the left of General Grant stood
Mr. J. M. Walker and E. B. McCagg, who acted as an in-
troductory committee.
662
GENERAL U. 8. GRANT'S
:
1.
At about 10 o'clock supper was announced.
At about 10:45 o'clock the guests began to call for their
carriages and take their departure for their homes. From
this time forth the rooms rapidly thinned out, for at a little
after 11 o'clock the reception closed, and Mr. and Mrs. U.
S. Grant, accompanied by their son, Col. Fred Grant, and
his wife, were driven away to the home of the latter.
Everybody seemed to be well pleased with the enter
tainment, and from beginning to end it was a stupendous
success. The Chicago Club established its reputation for
giving receptions at the entertainment given in honor of
President and Mrs. Hayes a year ago, but last night's effort
capped the climax. Not a break or a hitch was perceptible
throughout, and every person must have felt that special
arrangements had been made for his or her entertainment.
A more thoroughly enjoyable occasion is not on record in
Chicago.
On the Saturday morning the Mexican veterans called
upon the General in a body, and were received with great
warmth and cordiality. Speeches were made by Leonard
Swett, Col. Buell, of California, Hon. A. L. Morrison and
others. The speakers were rewarded by prolonged
applause. At two o'clock a general reception was given at
the Grand Pacific Hotel, and was very generally participated
in by the people. The reception closed promptly at five
o'clock.
In the evening Potter Palmer entertained the dis-
tinguished guests, and was fully up to the high order of
entertainments which had been given to the General since
he first planted foot in Chicago. It being Saturday, the
reception was not intended to be prolonged until a late
hour. At eleven o'clock, the guests were greatly dimin-
ished in numbers, and General and Mrs. Grant took their
leave of Mr. and Mrs. Palmer, and drove to their son's res-
idence with the latter and his wife.
<
TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
663
"
The display of elaborate and costly toilets outshone any
previous display of the week, and each lady seemed to vie
with the other in the elegance of her costume.
Mrs. General U. S. Grant wore an elaborate toilet of
white satin, with white duchess lace front and shirred bot-
tom, black drapery of lace and trimming of rich embroidery
and pearls, very low corsage and short sleeves; heavy
wrought gold bracelets, and diamond and pearl ornaments.
Mrs. Potter Palmer was richly dressed in a white satin
plaited skirt, trimmed with wine and gold brocade; superb
diamond ornaments.
Mrs. Col. Fred Grant wore a rich robe of white satin,
covered with Spanish lace; gold coronet and diamonds.
Mrs. General Sheridan was tastefully attired in a plain
black cashmere dress, cut low and trimmed with duchess
lace; jet ornaments.
On Sunday morning the General attended the Cente-
nary Methodist Church, H. W. Thomas, D. D., pastor,
being "at home" during the rest of the day only to his
most intimate friends.
The visit of the school children to General Grant at
the Exposition building on Monday was one of the most
notable features of his sojourn. The huge building
swarmed with the little people, forty or fifty thousand in
number, all of whom had an opportunity to see the hero
of the war of the Rebellion, and many of them a chance
to shake hands and speak with him.
The Calumet Club entertained the General and Mrs.
Grant in the evening at their club house. The guests were
not so numerous as at the Chicago Club reception on Fri-
day evening. There was a decided effort made to eclipse the
other affair by making the list smaller and more select.
There was a greater display of dress and fashion also. The
people present numbered about five hundred, and besides
564
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
..
being representative of the first society of Chicago, com-
prised also a fair proportion of distinguished persons from
abroad who were in the city.
The toilets were generally of the most fashionable make.
and of extremely rich materials. Experienced society peo-
ple expressed astonishment at the beauty of many of the
costumes worn and at the brilliancy of the display of jewelry
-diamonds especially seemed to be as fashionable as ever,
and imported laces for neck wear and trimming were
almost the rule.
Mrs. General Grant was attired in an elegantly made
white silk, watered, in combination with garnet brocaded
silk, with rich fringe of the same; elegant oriental fan, bou-
quet, tortoise-shell comb in hair, which was dressed high;
elegant diamond brooch, and solitaire pendants.
Mrs. Colonel Grant wore a combination cream-colored
and wine-colored brocaded silk; point lace and diamonds.
The menu was of the most artistic pieces of culinary
art seen in Chicago for many a day, and will doubtless
become one of the models of the season. It was as follows:
1
CALUMET CLUB.
Reception to
GENERAL AND MRS. GRANT.
MENU.
Escalloped Oysters.
Oyster Patties a la Bachamel.
Gelatine of Turkey with Truffles, en Belle Vue.
Boned Partridge with Jelly, en Voliere,
Boned Quail with Truffles, a la Regence.
Sliced Buffalo Tongue, a la St. Hubert.
Breast of Chicken, with Mayonaise, a la Parisenne.
Gulf Shrimp Salad, Wine Jelly.
Fillet of Salmon with Mayonaise.
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665
:
:
Rolled Sandwiches.
Vienna Cream Rolls.
Ornamental Confectionery.
Assorted Creams and Ices.
Pudding Glace. Bisque Glace.
Pudding, a la Viesselrode.
Charlotte Russe, Wine Jelly.
Assorted Cake.
Fruit.
Coffee.
November 17, 1879.
The last day of General Grant's stay in Chicago was
crowded full of incidents of interest. In the forenoon
occurred a visit to the Chicago Commandery of the Order
of the Loyal Legion of the United States, where General
Grant was formally received and decorated as a member
of the Order. Then followed a call from the only four
surviving veterans of the war of 1812 residing in Chicago,
all of them octogenarians, and proud of the privilege of
greeting a military hero who was born ten years after
their services ended. General Grant's visit to the Prot-
estant Orphan Asylum, the first charitable association
organized in Chicago, was an important episode in the
history of that worthy institution, and a memorable expe-
rience for its inmates. In the evening the General shed
the lustre of his presence upon the performance at Mc-
Vicker's Theatre, as the guest of the Second Regiment, and
thus ended the public portion of his sojourn in Chicago.
The General and Mrs. Grant left Chicago Wednesday
morning for their home at Galena, where they arrived
safely the same day.
The Inter-Ocean, in summing up the week's series of
entertainment, said:
"The demonstration last night at McVicker's closed the
2
666
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
2.
week in Chicago devoted to the reception of General Grant.
The week has been a memorable one, and Chicago may
well be proud of the record she has made. There has been,
from the time of the great demonstration on Wednesday,
scarcely a break in the line of receptions and entertain-
ments. On Wednesday there were over one hundred thou-
sand strangers in Chicago, and these, with the citizens
who took part in the parade, or who turned out to witness
it, swelled the crowd on the streets to over three hundred
thousand. Although people were wild with enthusiasm
and greatly excited, not a single serious accident occurred
that day or during the week. The railroads centering in
Chicago brought the great crowd of visitors to the city
within the space of twenty-four hours, and although scores
of extra trains came in such a way as to bewilder through
passengers and suburban residents, there was little con-
fusion, no disarrangement of time tables and no accidents.
"Chicago has succeeded in speaking vociferously a
most hearty welcome to General Grant, and in prolonging
the festivities and formalities incident to so great an occa-
sion without having the record marred by any public or
private calamity."
In all these gatherings Grant has been the central
figure. The people have employed every possible means
to express their enthusiasm and good feeling. The
numerous receptions, banquets and informal meetings.
were but the outgrowth of this sentiment. Not content
with a general shout of acclamation, or with one great
outburst of enthusiasm, finding expression in swelling
cheers and elaborate decorations, the people of Chicago
have sought to testify their appreciation of the work and
character of General Grant in ways that seemed to them
most fitting and most expressive. They had only a week
in which to speak volumes, and they have made good use

TOUR AROUND THE WORLD.
667
of the time. The series of receptions has been in effect a
continuous ovation, and when the people say good-bye to
General Grant, on his departure for Galena to-day, they
will feel that, after all that has been said and done during
this week, so remarkable for its demonstrations, Chicago
has not spoken half as earnestly as she feels. Through
all this experience General Grant has conducted himself
in such a way as to make old friends still more devoted,
and to make new ones quite as enthusiastic as the old
ones.
www.
•
..
1
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:
CHAPTER XXXIX.
POLITICAL AND BUSINESS LIFE.
It was the evening of the 19th of November when
General Grant and his wife reached their home in Ga-
lena, and were escorted by old friends to the family resi-
dence, which had been donated to the general immedi-
ately after the war. It is an unpretentious brick house,
one of the best in the somewhat deserted village, situated
upon a bluff overlooking the town, "beautiful for situa-
tion,” if not “altogether lovely.”
The great tour was now over, the most memorable in
many respects ever known in human history. No man
had ever traveled so far and been received with such dis-
He had cir-
tinguished consideration wherever he went.
cumnavigated the globe without getting beyond the
reach of his fame. That in itself was something which
no other man could do, not even excepting Gladstone or
Bismarck. The modest gentleman who had said a few
years ago, half seriously, half jestingly that he had no
other ambition than to return to Galena and be the alder-
man of his ward, was home again, having been greeted
in even the "uttermost parts of the earth," with salvos
of honor, content to spend the rest of his days in digni-
fied retirement, "far from the madding crowd." But
such was not to be his fate; unfortunately two distinct
lines of activity at once began to juggle with his name—
the politicians who sought restoration to or perpetuation
in power through his leadership and the money makers
Without be-
who saw a commercial value in his name.
668

815
US.C
CALENA
TRIBUTE SENT FROM GALENA.
་་་
..
LIFE AND SERVICES.
675
:
ing ambitious or avaricious, he fell a prey to both classes
of schemers. Hardly had he settled himself to rest at
his own fireside when the press began to teem with
the great enterprises with which his name was to be
connected, and with the "uprising of the people" in
favor of his election to a third term of the presidency.
First came the Nicaraugua canal scheme, more fully
noted in chapter XIX, for which not less than $100,000,-
ooo were to be raised, General Grant to be at the head
of it. Mexico was to be gridironed with railroads con-
verging toward the United States, and other projects
hardly less gigantic and visionary were broached. But
business was soon oversloughed by politics and culmi-
nated before he turned his attention to money making.
There is no reason to question the sincerity of Gen-
eral Grant's remarks previously quoted (chapter XIX), to
the Chinese statesman, in which he disclaimed any and all
third term aspirations. But importunate friends, some of
them in his own household, insisted that he should let
events take their course, and neither solicit nor discour-
age support for the presidential nomination, and to that
policy he yielded himself, never in any way departing
from it.

It was already evident that if General Grant did not
enter the field in 1880, the Republican nomination would
go to James G. Blaine, incomparably the most popular
civilian in the United States. His great rival, Roscoe
Conkling, had no hope of stemming the tide of that
popularity by pushing his own candidacy. The same
was true of General John A. Logan. The only available
name for that purpose was Ulysses S. Grant. The Na-
tional Republican Convention was called to meet at
Chicago, Wednesday, June 2d, and the location selected
was deemed favorable to the hero of Appomattox, al-
though Mr. Blaine was not without strong backing in
672
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
2.
that city. A third candidate entered the field in the
hope of being a compromise candidate. John Sherman,
the great financier, then at the head of the Treasury
Department. The convention was composed of emi-
nent statesmen, and, in the high character of its mem-
bers, was the most illustrious political gathering ever
witnessed on this continent. Mr. Conkling led the New
York delegation, and was the recognized captain of the
Grant forces. Mr. Blaine had several trusty lieutenants
in the field, while he was the real general. The first
point of advantage was won by the Blaine men in secur-
ing the permanent chairmanship of the convention for
Senator Hoar, of Massachusetts. A long wrangle oc-
curred over district representation. It was found that if
the delegates, which had been instructed by State Con-
ventions, were obedient to those instructions, General
Grant would doubtless be nominated; while if the dele-
gates from congressional districts were allowed freedom
of action, it would add somewhat to Mr. Blaine's
strength. Several contested seats turned upon the right
of district or congressional conventions to name their
own representatives as against their selection by state
conventions. This was especially true in Illinois. In
this stage of the contest, the Sherman men made com-
mon cause with the Blaine men against the Grant men,
and General Garfield, the leader of the former, came to
the front during the debate on district representation,
advocating the cause which he espoused with such con-
summate ability that he not only won a brilliant victory
over Conklingbut won the hearts of the convention, as it
finally proved. It was not until the fourth day of the
session that the names of the candidates were formally
presented. Mr. Blaine was placed in nomination first,
then Mr. Windom, of Minnesota, who had simply been
set up for the purpose of weakening Blaine in a state
LIFE AND SERVICES.
673
..
which was really favorable to his nomination. Then
came the presentation of the name of Ulysses S. Grant
by that great but indiscreet orator Roscoe Conklingin a
speech which was a masterpiece of eloquence, but singu-
larly deficient in tact. It deserves preservation in con-
nection with the memoir of the subject, and will be
found in full, in the appendix to this volume. General
Garfield presented the name of John Sherman in a no
less able and far more adroit manner. Mr. Billings, of
Vermont, followed in favor of George F. Edmunds, of
that state, and Mr. Cassidy, of Wisconsin, urged the
claims of E. B. Washburne. It was midnight of Satur-
day when the speeches were over, and an adjournment
taken to 10 o'clock Monday morning. The interval was
a busy period with the politicians. General Grant him-
self kept entirely aloof from the fray. The first ballot
stood: Total numbers of votes cast, 755; necessary to a
choice, 378, of which Grant received 304; Blaine, 284,
Sherman, 93; Edmunds, 34; Washburne, 30; Windom, 10.
This was a fair representation of the way the delegates
actually stood; thirty-six ballots were taken before the
contest closed. General Grant's votes remaining almost
stationary. He had two more votes on the last ballot
than he had on the first. On the next to the last he
reached high-water mark; he had 313 to Blaine 257. It
was then evident that he was gaining on his competitor,
and he seemed to be on the home-stretch. It was then
Tuesday. There had been twenty-eight ballots taken
Monday, Grant gaining three and Blaine losing five.
General Garfield had received one vote, sometimes two.
When the first day closed, the Blaine men set about
negotiating for a compromise candidate, but at no time
did the Grant men so much as entertain the idea of a
second choice. They rallied around their leader, and
674
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
met defeat at last in the same spirit that the old guard
met death at Waterloo.
No word of complaint ever escaped General Grant's
lips. He accepted the verdict of the convention with a
calm dignity which added fresh laurels to his brow, and
when the campaign needed his services he rendered them.
Mr.Conkling showed a disposition to sulk in his tent, and
it is believed that it was General Grant's personal influ-
ence which brought him out into the battle. Many
causes contributed to General Garfield's election-prom-
inent among which was the active participation of Gen-
eral Grant in the canvass. At the critical moment he
appeared with Senator Conklingat a grand republican
rally in Ohio, thus bidding his comrades forget the disap-
pointment of June and give Garfield the same support
they would have given himself.
One other incident in the life of General Grant, and
we dismiss his political career. That other and latest
incident was his call upon Mr. Blaine at the headquarters
in New York of the national republican committee, in
the fall of 1884. He had taken no part whatever in the
contest for the nomination which had proved to be a duel
between Mr. Blaine and President Arthur, neither of
whom was the real first choice of General Grant. The
contest of four years before had so strained their personal
relations that they were not on speaking terms, as the
phrase is. But General Grant in his sublime loyalty to
republicanism put aside all personal feeling and took
that occasion to make known his unswerving devotion to
the political principles which he professed. The inter-
view was perhaps the most pathetic incident of the cam-
paign. There was no formal reconciliation, the great
men met in forgetfulness of past rivalries, and chatted
pleasantly for some time, parting for the last time on
earth in the same spirit that Adams and Jefferson-after
LIFE AND SERVICES.
675
much longer enstrangement-had, by correspondence,
renewed their friendly relations.
It is now time to resume the thread of more personal
narrative.
General Grant wearied of the dull monotony of life in
Galena, from which many of his friends had removed to
Chicago and elsewhere. New York city attracted him.
His friends, Cyrus W. Field, E. D. Morgan, G. W. Childs,
George Jones and others raised a fund for him amount-
ing to $250,000, which was invested and held in trust for
Mrs. Grant, with a view to placing the general and his
family above the possibility of pecuniary want. At New
York his sons entered into a partnership with a young
man by name of Ferdinand Ward, under the firm name
of Grant and Ward, the general himself being a silent
partner, and Ward the practical head of the firm. For a
time all went well and the firm seemed to be immensely
prosperous-although there was a steady shrinkage in
values. General Grant seemed to be as highly favored
by fortune in private life as he had been in public life.
But early in May, 1884, the crash came. The Marine
National Bank, of New York, went down on the 7th of
that month, dragging down with it Grant and Ward.
General Grant had tried to save the firm by borrowing
$150,000 of William H. Vanderbilt, but that sum disap-
peared in the whirlpool-failing to avert the calamity.
To this day the exact condition of the broken firm is not
known, but the failure was for millions. General Grant's
testimony, taken before a commission at his home a few
days previous to his death, giving a full statement of his
connection with this firm, will be found in another part of
this volume.
No suspicion of personal dishonesty attaches to Gen-
eral Grant or his sons, not even to U. S. Grant, Jr., who
was an active member of the firm. The fact was that
676
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
Ward had conducted the business, and plunged the firm
into the bottomless pit of Wall street speculation. Not
only did General Grant surrender all his property, but
the entire family did the same.
Some six months after the failure, when it was well
understood and conceded that General Grant had suf-
fered irretrievable financial ruin through no dishonesty
of his own, a movement was set on foot by General Sher-
man, wealthy friends eagerly joining in the effort to raise
a fund for his benefit. Mr. Vanderbilt contributing liber-
ally to it, but General Grant interposed and put a stop
to it. Mr. Vanderbilt had, in the meanwhile, been put
in possession of property, personal and real, to satisfy his
claim for the $150,000 loaned to the General the day pre-
vious to the failure of Grant and Ward. The personal
property consisted largely of presents which the General
had received when abroad, and other tokens of his great-
He desired to give them to Mrs. Grant, with the
understanding that they go to the general government
ultimately, to be treasured in perpetuation of the hero's
greatness. After some hesitation she declined the well-
meant gift, in a very courteous letter, and Mr. Vanderbilt
then presented them directly to the United States, and
they now form a part of the crown jewels" of American
sovereignty. We are now come to the last phase of
General Grant's life, his sickness and heroism, which
form the subject of the next chapter.
ness.
During the earlier session of the Forty-eighth Congress
the friends of General Grant in and out of Congress
started a movement for the retirement of the General
with full rank of general in the army, and a bill to this
effect was introduced after considerable progress had
been made in the matter. General Rosecrans, as mem-
ber of Congress from California, bitterly opposed it, and
it seemed highly probable that Congress would adjourn,
((
LIFE AND SERVICES.
677
and General Grant pass away without that crowning
recognition of his great services. This bill originally in-
troduced in the senate by Edmunds, of Vermont, had
passed there and was in the house. The story of its pas-
sage and of the subsequent action thereunder is well told
in a Washington despatch of the same day, as follows:
WASHINGTON, March 4.—Mr. Randalí submitted the
conference report on the sundry civil appropriation bill.
He refrained from making any remark in respect to it,
except to say that when this report was adopted, the
house would have finally acted on every appropriation
bill. [Applause.] The report was adopted.
THE GRANT RETIREMENT BILL.
Mr. Randall then asked unanimous consent to take
from the Speaker's table and pass the Grant retirement
bill. [Applause.]
Mr. Bennett, of North Carolina, and Mr. Weller, of
Iowa, objected.
Mr. Randall then moved to suspend the rules and
place the bill on its passage, but the Speaker ruled the
motion was not in order, pending a decision of the elec-
tion case.

Mr. Randall then endeavored to secure his point by
moving to suspend the rules and lay the election case on
the table, but the Speaker decided this was equally out
of order.
The confusion and excitement in the chamber was in-
tense. Dozens of members were on their feet demanding
recognition, but above the babel of voices rang out Ran-
dall's voice appealing to Mr. Bennett, of North Carolina,
to withdraw the election case. Finally, when he could
be heard, Mr. Bennett said that if the house would con-
sent to vote on the Fredericks-Wilson case, all objection
to Mr. Randall's motion would be withdrawn.
This declaration was greeted by a storm of consents
from the republican side, and the confusion was so great
that it required five minutes' diligent work by the ser-
geant-at-arms with his mace in hand before comparative
order was restored.
678
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
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Then Mr. Wilson, of Iowa, contesting in the election
case, rose, and amid a storm of cheers on the republican
side, said that if the house would put General Grant on
the retired list, he was willing to be sacrificed.
Mr. Miller, of Pennsylvania, who has been leading the
filibustering against the election case, said that if the
house would permit a vote on Mr. Randall's motion the
opposition to the election case would be withdrawn. This
was greeted by shouts of objection from the democratic
side, and Mr. Randall, rushing down to the space in front
of the clerk's desk, cried out, "Don't let anything stand
in the way. Agree to anything.'
""
Then, said Mr. Miller, in order that there may be no
excuse, I withdraw and permit a vote on the proposition
of the gentleman from North Carolina, and I ask the
house to treat us fairly on both votes.
After another scene of confusion, Mr. Bennett de-
manded the previous question on the resolution of the
committee on elections declaring Fredericks entitled to
the seat.
The resolution was adopted without any opposition
from the republican side, and instantly upon Fredericks
taking the oath of office, Mr. Randall was on his feet
with his motion to suspend the rules and pass the senate
bill for the retirement of General Grant, without specifi-
cally naming him.
99
McMillen demanded a second, while shouts of "Shame'
and "Oh, don't go back on your word,” and “That's
fair "went up. Nearly every member was on his feet,
adding to the tumult, and prominent among them were
Cassidy and Robertson, of Kentucky, demanding fair
play. ´Again did the services of the sergeant-at-arms
and his mace become necessary to seat the members, and
then, a second having been considered as ordered, Mc-
Millen, Stockslager and Watson briefly opposed the bill
as inaugurating a system of civil pensions.
Mr. Randall, who, under the rules was entitled to fif-
teen minutes debate, waived the right, and the yeas and
nays were immediately taken on the motion to suspend
the rules and pass the bill. When the name of Mr. Fred-
ericks, the newly-seated member was called, he arose and
voted in the affirmative, and the friends of the bill treat

LIFE AND SERVICES.
679
him to a round of applause. The motion to suspend the
rules and pass the bill was agreed to—yeas 108, nays 78.
The announcement of the result was hailed with three
cheers and with long and continued applause.
Mr. Skinner asked unanimous consert that the Speaker
be authorized to send a telegraphic dispatch to General
Grant announcing to him the result. At first objection
was made by Mr. Cobbe, but it was subsequently with-
drawn, and the Speaker was authorized as stated.
Mr. Randall was warmly congratulated on his success
by a number of members on both sides of the house.
IN THE SENATE-THE CLOSING PROCEEDINGS.
On motion of Mr. Morrill the Chair appointed a com-
mittee of two senators to act with such committee as
the house may appoint to notify the President of the
United States that congress, having finished its business,
was now ready to adjourn.
The senators appointed were Messrs. Morrill and
Harris. At 11:35 a messenger from the house announced
the passage of a bill authorizing the president to place one
person on the retired list of the army. [Applause.] The
bill was read at length.
Mr. Ingalls then said: "Mr. President, the Nation
knows who that one person is. I ask unanimous consent
that the reference of this bill to the committee be waived,
and that it be now considered by the senate."
The presiding officer (Mr. Garland), stated the bill
was a senate bill, and nothing further was necessary to
make it a law, except the proper signatures. [Applause.]
Mr. Edmunds, resuming the chair, stated he had re-
ceived a communication which would now be read. He
handed the communication to Chief Clerk Johnson, who
read as follows:
To the Hon. George F. Edmunds, President pro tempore
United States Senate.-The accompanying communication,
although an executive message, r
be read in open
session.
C
STER A. ARTHUR.
j
[Applause.]
The President pro tempore of the Senate.-Manifestations
of applause are not in order.
!
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
The clerk read as follows:
-
Executive Mansion, March 4, 1885.
To the Senate of the United States. — I nominate
Ulysses S. Grant, formerly commanding the armies of
the United States, to be general on the retired list of the
army, with the full pay of such rank.
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
The president pro tem. of the senate then announced
that the nomination would be considered in open ses-
sion. “The question now is, Will the senate advise and
All senators in favor will
consent to this appointment?
say aye. [A storm of ayes.]
silence.] The ayes have it unanimously."
All opposed, no. [Dead
We cannot better close this chapter than by quoting
the editorial comments of the Chicago Inter Ocean of
March 5, under the head of "Rally on the Centre."
The forty-eighth congress, that halted for a time in
the path of the rising tide of popular feeling in favor of
justice to General Grant, turned in its last hours and ran
with the waves. With the world listening in indignation
and pity, with the people all over the United States
bending in sympathy toward the old commander and
demanding as with one voice that justice be done him,
congress put quick hand to the work, and it was done
as it ought to have been done months ago, in a whirl of
enthusiasm.
Practically the passage of the Edmunds bill may not
be of much benefit to a man marked for the grave, but it
will be like incense burned in his sick room to remember
that the vote was as it was, and that the applause in the
senate chamber over the announcement of the result was
echoed round the world. It was most fitting that a
democratic house should take action as it did yesterday,
and give the last of the line of republican presidents the
opportunity to approve a measure so near to the hearts
of the people.
In this case there was no mistaking the trend of
popular sentiment, and there are times when the most
foolhardy of partisans realize that the people must rule,

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LIFE AND SERVICES.
683
In the vote of March 4, on the Grant bill, the people had
their way, and the members of the house scampered into
line to give expression to an emphasized popular demand.
It was to the forty-eighth congress the last grand rally
on the center-on the old flag and the old commander.
And it will never be forgotten.
1
CHAPTER XL.
PAINFUL ACCIDENT, DISTRESSING SICKNESS AND Death,
Throughout all his military life from Mexico to Ap-
pomattox General Grant was almost wholly exempt from
every form of sickness, though it will be remembered he
suffered for several months from a painful accident at New
Orleans received just previous to his Chattanooga-Knox-
ville Campaign. His arduous duties as chief magistrate
of the nation were borne without any visible strain upon his
iron constitution. As a sojourner in all climes, and subject
to the nameless exposures and irregularities of travel, he
was exempt from every ill. It seemed as if nothing could
harm his close-knit physique, and that he bore a charmed
life.
When on Christmas morning, 1883, it was announced
that he had slipped and fallen upon the icy pavements in
New York City the evening previous, very little heed was
paid to the matter; though it was added that he was
lame from the effects of it, the public saw in it only a
trivial accident, worthy of any attention at all, only because
the injury was sustained by one in whom the public felt a
keen and abiding interest. But it proved a most distress-
ing calamity. From it may be dated the long and ex-
cruciatingly painful prostration which called out such a
phenomenal volume of condolence.
Not that the cancer which fastened upon his throat can
be set down as directly caused by that fall. The mys-

TRINITY CHURCH
ENTRANCE OF TRINITY CHURCH ON BROADWAY.
LIFE AND SERVICES.
687
teries of cancerous affections baffle the inquiry of the most
expert medical skill. But one thing is certain, General
Grant never rallied from that shock. Perhaps he would
have been overtaken and slain by the same cruel enemy had
he suffered no shock of that kind. It can only be said that
from that moment he did not see a day of health. The
pain and anguish of his financial troubles which came
some months later, no doubt had much to do with the
development of the seeds of disease; how much, will never
be known and is a much mooted question among physi-
cians.
The disease first showed itself in the form of a slight
soreness of the mouth and throat, supposed to be cankerous,
rather than cancerous. The family physician seemed to
think lightly of it. If he really felt that it was alarming
he kept the secret well, and the public first learned of the
trouble in a way to excite the least possible apprehension.
The fact that Senator Hill of Georgia, had died not long
before, after a long and distressing sickness, caused by
cancer in the mouth, tended somewhat to stimulate the
public fear that the malady had found another victim.
But the reports were so positive in the assurance that
nothing serious need be apprehended, that the intelligence
produced hardly a ripple upon the sea of popular thought
and sentiment.
It was in the last months of the year 1884, that the
people first learned that something, whether serious or
not, none knew, was ailing his mouth and throat. All
through the winter the daily press continued frequent
mention of his symptoms, and it was evident that he was
getting worse rather than better, but it was not until late
in February that the case became so bad that, in spite of
every effort at concealment, his true condition became
688
:
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
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generally known. The conviction that the great defender
of the Union was the victim of a cancer.
The waters of that flood permeated the whole country
even the South, which once looked upon him as a con-
queror, have shown by their expressions of deep and keen
sympathy that the people of that section have come to
see in him the defender and saviour of a Union in which
they really have as much interest as the Northern people.
The swift and concordant action of Congress in restoring
him to the army, and placing him upon the retired list,
was only an echo, faint and feeble, of the universal senti-
ment of the American people.
The progress of the disease was so rapid that by the
latter part of March the bulletins announced that death
was hourly expected. For several days the country
watched with tender solicitude, in expectation that the
next dispatch would state that the end had come. The
press news was eagerly scanned morning and evening, and
the whole nation seemed almos* absorbed in anxiety. The
sick man looked for early release from his torture, and
evidently longed for it. To Fim death had no terrors, and
the sweet joys of a happy family life had been turned to
the bitterest gall by his fell calamity. But he rallied.
Hopes began to be entertained of his final recovery,
although at no time did his physicians encourage the
idea, as a possibility, they having pronounced his malady
incurable; that he was mortally ill, and that whether his
death be lingering or a sudden one, its shadow was upon
him. While he had what are called "well days," when
he was comparatively free from pain, his son states that his
system seemed to be entirely broken, his appetite was poor,
and the power of recuperation was apparently lost.
LIFE AND SERVICES.
689
}
For many months, and during his illness, General Grant
had been at work on his "Memoirs," having been spe-
cially solicitous to finish them ere his powers should fail
him. His publishers announce that they are at last com-
pleted, and that they will be issued from the press during
the last month of the present year. In his persistent
labors on these memoirs, continuing at his task when suffer-
ing severely from the murderous disease that is now sap-
ping his vitality, the old hero showed the same great qualities
which he displayed in battles with the rebels. He was the
least excited, though the most interested character on this
scene, as on those of the great battles he won. His
patience and serenity, under pain and arnid conflict, were
equally displayed now as then, and he fought with the
"monster" Death, as with the Rebellion,-with the obsti-
nacy of a great mind and a strong constitution.
There is something exceptionally pathetic in the tor-
tures to which General Grant was subjected. Cancer is
unlike ordinary disease. It is not the wasting away of
nature at any given point, but a distinct and horrible entity,
-a wild beast-a veritable man-eating tiger, springing
from the jungle and fastening its terrible fangs upon a
helpless victim. The system fosters and nurtures this
beast of prey in the jungle of the blood many years, per-
haps, before the fatal leap is made. If its work were
done speedily, like yellow fever, or cholera, or if delirium,
nature's anæsthetic, afforded any mitigation, it would be
less pathetic. Slowly the work goes on, the monster
tightening his grasp continually, and bringing his fangs
and claws deeper and deeper in the quick and quivering
flesh every day,-the victim all the while conscious of his
fate.
P
690
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
All history would be searched in vain for a parallel to
this case in all its fullness. It required telegraphy to ena
ble the distant millions to stand, as it were, by the bedside
of the sufferer, and of all of the illustrious dead who have
died since that invention, none have gone to their death by
so hard a road as this. Abraham Lincoln was killed
instantly. General Garfield was only dimly conscious of
his own condition; but General Grant, with no impairment
of a single faculty, with every particle of his brain tissue
in its normal condition, stood before the world the victim
of pains by the side of which inquisitorial tortures were
trifles.
The nearest approach to a parallel to General Grant's
case, known to all literature, is found in that supreme con-
ception of Greek dramatic art, Prometheus. That great
ideal benefactor of the human race is portrayed as bound to
a rock, the vultures gnawing his vitals, which grew ever as
they were eaten away,-thus prolonging his agony beyond
all conception of pain. For more than two thousand
years the civilized world has stood with tear-wet eyes
before that terrible picture of agony. Now, at last, a ver-
itable Prometheus stands before mankind, and as long as
America is remembered, the Promethean tortures will
stand out in history as verified in the experiences of Ulysses
S. Grant.
over.
The startling and pathetic announcement that General
Grant's illness was fatal went home to hearts the world
His residence was besieged with sympathetic,
but inconsiderate visitors, while from all parts of our
own country, and indeed from all parts of the world,
came messages of tender solicitude and substantial proffers
of aid and hospitality. The impulsive warmth to which
LIFE AND SERVICES.
691
the public feeling was stirred reveals as by a sun burst
the true regard in which General Grant, the hero and the
foremost representative American, was held by the people
of the world.
On the morning of June 16th, General Grant was re-
moved from his residence in New York City to the cottage
of Mr. Joseph Drexel at Mount Mac Gregor near Saratoga,
being conveyed by rail in the special car of William H.
Vanderbilt. Every precaution had been taken to render
the journey as pleasant as possible. During the last stage
of the journey the General suffered greatly from fatigue
and pain. Arriving at Mac Gregor at 2 P. M., the patient
was unable to walk to the cottage and had to be carried in
a chair, and when he reached the house his speech had
utterly failed him. Dr. Douglas, who accompanied Gen-
eral Grant and family, stated that his patient had borne up
wonderfully through the whole day-though, he added, it
was more strength of mind and will power than physical
vigor.
Col. Fred. Grant, in speaking to a correspondent of
this trip, said: “Father has surprised us all by keeping up
so well on the journey. In fact, we expected him to be
rather exhausted when he reached here, but he seems to he
doing very well. His voice is stronger to-night than it
was when he started, and we have hopes of his regaining
it in a few days. We are delighted with the place so far,
and I think father will be greatly benefited by the change.
We don't look for any permanent benefits now. Dr.
Douglas will remain here a week at least, and perhaps
longer. Our plans for the summer depend entirely on
father's condition, and are likely to be changed at any time.
If all goes well we will remain here until August, when
we go to the Catskills."
í
樱
​692
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
During the early morning hours of July 22d, five weeks
after General Grant's arrival at Mount MacGregor, it was
announced from the sick hero's bedside that alarming
symptoms had appeared during the previous day, and that
there was grave cause to fear a termination of his life ere
the close of the day. Consulting physicians were sum-
moned from New York City, and all of the absent mem-
bers of the family urged to attend at the earliest possible
moment. During these five weeks on the mountain the
General had suffered several relapses that threatened to
end the heroic struggle he was making for life, but with
remarkable recuperative powers he was able to rally from
time to time.
On the evening of the 20th he had been wheeled in his
bath carriage from the cottage to a point on the mountain
distant about one-fifth of a mile, called the Eastern Look-
out. On this trip he was compelled to alight from the
vehicle and walk a few rods while the carriage was being
carried over the mountain railway track-remaining
scarcely fifteen minutes, at the point. He was conveyed
back to the cottage, where, upon reaching his room it was
found that he was far more exhausted than was at first
thought, and extra care was taken of him.
The following day he was unable to leave his room and
suffered considerable more pain and discomfort than for
several days. During the afternoon the fact was appar-
ent, and could not be concealed by patient or friends that
he was hourly growing weaker. In a hurriedly written
note to Dr. Douglass-the General using this method of
communication, owing to the fact that all attempt to speak
irritated the disease of the throat and caused intense dis-
tress-he requested the physician to furnish him stimulants
of some kind to relieve the excruciating pain that was tor-
•
LIFE AND SERVICES.
693
turing him. Dr. Douglass administered morphine, when
the old commander fell asleep and secured an hour of rest.
Later in the afternoon he was attacked with hiccoughs,
which disturbed and rapidly weakened him.
The afternoon had been sultry and almost breathless,
with the thermometer registering as high as 85°. There
were no reviving elements in the atmosphere and the sun
went down after a day of stifling discomfort even to per-
sons in good health. The General remained in his room
and was not dressed during the day. Sitting in his chair
listlessly, neither caring to move nor write, in a condition
not fully aware of, but indifferent to his surroundings, he
presented a picture of pathetic hopelessness and helpless-
ness that deeply moved the strongest hearts. Food was
repeatedly given him, and while he did not repel it, he ex-
perienced great difficulty in swallowing, as the muscles of
the throat refused to perform their functions, and the great-
er part of it was thrown out, and the quantity retained was
very small.
At 8:30 it was announced that he was failing rapidly,
and that he was unconscious and could not be aroused.
The affecting scene at this time is thus described by a cor-
respondent:
"The General was seated in the great chair that the nurse had
cushioned with pillows. Mrs. Grant took a place beside her husband
and fanned him almost incessantly. Dr. Douglass, when questioned,
said the General had been brought into the parlor so he might benefit
by freer air; but, though the sick man was coherent when he spoke
in whispers, he spoke but little, and was sinking surely. The dusk
had given way to darkness. The General, seeming to take little note
of occurrences about him, still sat with his face toward the door,
while the nurse and Mrs. Grant waved fans before his face. Critical
moments were passing. All felt that the end might at any time
occur. Mrs. Grant whispered to Dr. Newman shortly before 9
o'clock, and asked him to offer prayer. The clergyman knelt beside
C
694
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
J
the General and offered prayer, while the family and physician stood
about with bowed heads. For an hour the patient's pulse had been
fluttering and weak, but soon after 9 o'clock it steadied and grew a
shade firmer. Then he lowered his feet and crossed his knees; next
he raised his hand to his face and rested his cheek against it.
"Dr. Douglass was beside him, and as these changes took place he
glanced up significantly into the faces of the family grouped about
the chair. Finally, as the hour of 10 o'clock drew near, Gen. Grant
looked up and spoke to his daughter Nellie. Then he indicated a
These were instructions for his family.
purpose to write, and did so.
Handing one note to Col. Fred, the General looked up into his face
with large eyes that had in them a pitiful expression. I have already
attended to that, father,' returned the Colonel, as he bent over the
General. The General addressed other members of the family. The
pulse was growing steadier and the night had passed beyond 11
o'clock, and a half hour later the sick man demonstrates that he is
General to the last. The family were sitting on the piazza or stand-
ing near the windows and entrances. The General beckoned Dr.
Douglass to his side. Tell them all to go to bed,' he whispered, and
then added, 'There is no earthly use of their sitting up any longer.'
Dr. Douglass walked out on the piazza and delivered this message of
command."
Hourly bulletins were issued from the patient's bedside
during the 22d, each successive one showing decreasing
strength and failing powers. At 2:15 P. M. the members
of the family were grouped in the darkened room, near the
General. Observing their evidences of feeling, he said, "1
do not want anybody to be distressed on my account."
Though dying, he was hero to the last. Forgetful of self
he murmurs words of comfort and affection to the loved
members of his family.
The Chicago Inter Ocean gives the following beautiful
pen picture of the domestic circle of which General Grant
was the head. It says:
"When history comes to its canonization of the name of Grant, it
will not fail to note the high ideal of domestic life which clusters
about the name. Whether in the humility of a tanner or the exalta-
LIFE AND SERVICES.
695
i'
tion of a world-adored hero, General Grant was always the same
model family man. The most beautiful picture of a family ever
painted by the imagination could not excel in loveliness the ideal
realized by the Grant family. And during the long months of agony,
when they have, as it were, lived in a glass house, every movement has
been in harmony with the best conception of domestic life. Acting
a part well was impossible, but, true to the instincts of natural affection,
the spectacle presented has been not only above criticism, but of a
character to impress all beholders who have any appreciation of the
higher ranges of living with the charms and merits of family ties. A
fiction which is truly fictitious has portrayed vice as moving along
paths decked with flowers, when as a matter of fact the beauty and
the fragrance are peculiar to virtue, and anything tending to impress
this truth upon the consciousness must be of the highest usefulness
to society.
"General Grant was taciturn and reserved in general deportment,
but at home he was companionable. No child of his will remember
him as the stern father, 'ruling well his own household,' but as the
very personation of loving kindness. As a reward the tortures of
his long sickness have been relieved by ministries of affection which
must have been infinitely more precious to him than the sympathy of
all the world besides, appreciative as he has been of all the gentle
interest which has been so universally taken in his welfare."
As the night advanced, the evidences to the friends
grouped near the sick man of approaching death rapidly
multiplied the inevitable close of the General's long ill-
ness seemed more and more imminent. The feeble pulse-
beats wore themselves by their rapidity to a fluttering
throb that could not be gauged beneath the finger of the
physician. Hypodermics of brandy were frequently given
to stimulate the flagging physical powers, but later this
failed to affect the patient, whose vitality and physical
forces were so far spent as to furnish no footing for re-
bound. The increased respirations were not alone more
rapid but more shallow. The lungs and the heart were
giving way; so weak had the patient grown by 3 o'clock
on the morning of the 23d that, though he frequently at-
-
696
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
tempted to do so, he was unable any longer to clear his
throat from the gathering mucus which accumulated and
remained, and expectoration was impossible. At 4 o'clock
the significant rattle of mucus that was filling the lungs
and clogging the throat was noticed-the breathing had
quickened, the finger nails had become blue, and the hands
further evidenced the progress of numbness of the extremi-
ties. At 3 o'clock he had asked for water.
These were
the last words he uttered.
The scenes and incidents of the closing hour of the weary
sufferer as he passed to the "Home Beyond," is feelingly
told in the Associated Press dispatches of the 23d:
"A few minutes before 8 o'clock, Drs. Douglass, Shrady and Sands
stood on the cottage veranda conversing of the condition of General
Grant, and discussing the probabilities of his death, and the limit of
life left the sick man; Mrs. Sartoris and Stenographer Dawson were
conversing a little distance away, when Henry, the nurse, stepped
hastily upon the piazza and spoke quietly to the physicians. He told
them he thought the General was very near to death. The medical
men hastily entered the room where the sick man was lying, and ap-
proached his side. Instantly upon scanning the patient's face, Dr.
Douglass ordered the family to be summoned to the bedside. Haste
was made, and Mrs. Grant, Mr. Jesse Grant and wife, U. S. Grant,
Jr., and wife, and Mrs. Fred Grant were quickly beside the doctors
at the sick man's cot. Mrs. Sartoris and Mr. Dawson had followed
the doctors in from the piazza, and the entire family was present ex-
cept Colonel Fred Grant. A hasty summons was sent for him, but
he entered the sick-room while the messenger was searching for him.
The Colonel seated himself at the head of the bed, with his left arm
resting on the pillow above the head of the General, who was breath.
ing rapidly and with slightly gasping respirations.
"Mrs. Grant, calm, but with intense agitation bravely suppressed,
took a seat close by the bedside. She leaned slightly upon the cot,
resting upon her right elbow, and gazed with tear-blinded eyes into
the General's face. She found there, however, no token of recogni-
tion, for the sick man was peacefully and painlessly passing into an-
other life. Mrs. Sartoris came behind her mother, and, leaning over
LIFE AND SERVICES.
697
L
་
her shoulder, so witnessed the close of a life in which she had con.
stituted a strong element of pride. Directly behind Mrs. Grant and
Mrs. Sartoris, and at a little distance removed, stood Drs. Douglass,.
Shrady and Sands, spectators of a closing life their efforts and coun-
sel had so prolonged. On the opposite of the bed from his mother,
and directly before her, stood Jesse Grant, and by his side U. S.
Grant, Jr., and near the corner of the cot, on the same side as Jesse
and near to each, was Mr. N. E. Dawson, the General's stenographer
and confidential secretary. At the foot of the bed and gazing direct-
ly down into the General's face was Mrs. Colonel Fred Grant, Mrs.
U. S. Grant, Jr., and Mrs. Jesse Grant, while somewhat removed
from the family circle Henry, the nurse, and Harrison Tyrrell, the
General's body servant, were respectively watching the closing life.
of the patient, their master. Dr. Newman had repaired to the hotel
to breakfast, and was not present. The General's little grandchildren,
U. S. Grant, Jr., and Nellie, were sleeping the sleep of childhood in
the nursery room above. Otherwise the entire family and house-
hold were gathered at the bedside of the dying man. The members.
of the group had been summoned not a moment sooner than it was.
prudent. The doctors noted, on entering the room and proceeding
to the bedside, that already the purplish tinge which is one of na-
ture's signals of final dissolution, had settled beneath the finger nails.
The hand that Dr. Douglass lifted was fast growing colder than it
had been through the night. The pulse had fluttered beyond the
point where the physician could distinguish it from the pulse beats.
in his own finger tips. The respiration was very rapid, and was a.
succession of shallow, panting inhalations, but happily the approach-.
ing end was becoming clear of the rattling fullness of the throat and
lungs, and, as the respirations grew quicker and more rapid at the
close, they also became less labored and almost noiseless. This fact
was in its results a comfort to the watchers by the bedside, to whom,
was spared the scene of an agonizing or other than a peaceful death.
The wife almost constantly stroked the face, forehead and hands of
the dying General, and at times, as the passionate longing to prevent
the event so near would rise within her, Mrs. Grant pressed both his.
hands, and, leaning forward, tenderly kissed the face of the sinking
man. Colonel Fred Grant sat silently, but with evident feeling,
though his bearing was that of a soldierly son at the death-bed of a
hero father. U. S. Grant, Jr., was deeply moved, but Jesse bore the
scene steadily, and the ladies, while watching with wet cheeks, were
698
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:
F
silent, as befitted the dignity of a life such as was closing before them.
The morning had passed five minutes beyond 8 o'clock, and there
was not one of the strained and waiting watchers but who could
mark the nearness of the life tide to its final ebbing. Dr. Douglass
noted the nearness of the supreme moment, and quietly approached
the bedside and bent over it, and, while he did so, the sorrow of the
grey-haired physician seemed closely allied with that of the family.
Dr. Shrady also drew near. It was seven minutes after 8 o'clock,
and the eyes of the General were closing. His breathing grew more
hushed as the last functions of the heart and lungs were hastened to
the closing of the ex-President's life. A peaceful expression seemed
to be deepening in the firm and strong-lined face, and it was reflect-
ed as a closing comfort in the sad hearts that beat quickly under the
:stress of loving suspense. A minute more passed and was closing, as
the General drew a deeper breath. There was an exhalation like
that of one relieved of long and anxious tension. The members of
the group were impelled each a step nearer the bed, and each waited
to note the next respiration, but it did not come; then-it never came.
There was absolute stillness in the room and a hush of expectancy,
so that no sound broke the silence save the singing of birds in the
pines outside the cottage and the measured throbbing of the engine
that all night had waited by the little mountain depot down the
slope. All over. 'It is all over,' quietly spoke Dr. Douglass, and
there came then heavily to each witness the realization that General
Grant was dead."
1
General U. S. Grant was dead! The most remarkable
.career in American annals was ended. At 8:08 o'clock on
the morning of July 23d he breathed his last so peacefully
that the silent watch around his bed could hardly believe
that the end had come. But it was all over, and his weary
spirit took its flight, and in a moment afterward the electric
:spark had sent the message of his death to the uttermost
parts of the world.
The great struggle was over. It had been a long and
trying one. For nine months he had been treated for the
disease that finally caused his death.
had passed during this time, when the
▸
Hardly a moment.
patient was con-
LIFE AND SERVICES.
699
scious, that he was free from pain that always accompanies
cancer, but with a fortitude that has challenged the admira-
tion of the world he bore his sufferings without a word of
complaint, and met the most excruciating pain as long as
his strength lasted with a happy smile that always gave
encouragement to his family and friends; and he gave no
evidence of the horrible torture through which he was
passing. The gallant old General looked upon death a
thousand times without flinching, and when the end final-
ly came he met it, as he always hoped he would die, in
perfect serenity and peace.
Death to him had no terrors, and during the last few
days he looked hopefully forward to the time when he
would breathe no more. But while his spirit was willing
to go, the only regret being the separation from his family,
his strong physical constitution would not give up its grip
on life until every vestige of life-giving principle in his
body had been burned away. It was a quiet struggle,
with not an unpleasant feature to mar the grandeur of his
taking off, and if he had been an infant going to sleep in
its mother's arms he could not have gone to his eternal
sleep with more complacency.
The outpouring of universal sympathy and expressions of
sorrow when the news of the death of General Grant was
received, knew no boundary. Nations, municipalities, pub-
lic men, religious and secular bodies, and the press from
every part of the world, united in one general tribute of
honor at the fallen chieftain's bier. From every city,
village and hamlet of the country came news of mourning.
Public and business buildings, private houses alike displayed
signs of sorrow. Flags were at half-mast, and bells sent
forth their mournful peals everywhere. A complete record
of the estimate of the character and ability of General
*
700
GENERAL U. S. GRANT's
2
Grant would fill several volumes, yet it would seem as a
fitting memorial that a few of these should be mentioned.
Immediately upon President Cleveland's receiving infor-
mation of the death of General Grant, he sent the following
dispatch to Mrs. Grant:
Accept this expression of my heartfelt sympathy in this hour of
your great affliction. The people of the Nation mourn with you and
would reach, if they could, with kindly comfort the depths of the
sorrow which is yours alone, and which only the pity of God can heal.
And issued the following National Proclamation:
The President of the United States has just received the sad tidings
of the death of that illustrious citizen and ex-President of the United
States, General Ulysses S. Grant, at Mt. MacGregor, in the State of
New York, to which place he had lately been removed in the endeavor
to prolong his life. In making this announcement to the people of
the United States the President is impressed with the magnitude of
the public loss of a great military leader, who was in the hour of
victory magnanimous; amid disaster, serene and self-sustained; who
in every station, whether as a soldier or as a chief magistrate, twice
called to power by his fellow-countrymen, trod unswervingly the path-
way of duty, undeterred by doubts, single-minded and straightfor-
ward. The entire country has witnessed with deep emotion his pro-
longed and patient struggle with painful disease, and has watched by
his couch of suffering with tearful sympathy. The destined end has
come at last, and his spirit has returned to the Creator who sent it
forth. The great heart of the Nation, that followed him when living
with love and pride, bows now in sorrow above him dead, tenderly
mindful of his virtues, his great patriotic services, and of the loss
occasioned by his death.
In testimony of respect to the memory of General Grant, it is
ordered that the Executive Mansion and the several departments at
Washington be draped in mourning for a period of thirty days, and
that all public business shall on the day of the funeral be suspended,
and the Secretaries of War and of the Navy will cause orders to be
issued for appropriate military and naval honors to be rendered on
that day.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the
seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington, this 23d day of July, A. D. 1885, .
and the independence of the United States the 110th.
(Signed.)
GROVER CLEVELAND.
By the President.
T. F. BAYARD, Secretary of State.
Telegrams were received by the bereaved family from
LIFE AND SERVICES.
701
hundreds of sympathizing friends, among which we give
the following as specimens:
FREMONT, OHIO, July 23.-Please assure Mrs. Grant and the sor,
rowing family that they have the deepest sympathy of Mrs. Hayes
and myself.
R. B. HAYES.
Mrs. U. S. Grant:-Please accept my profoundest sympathy in your
great bereavement. The entire Nation mourns the loss of its first
soldier and its first citizen.
JAMES G. BLAINE.
To Col. F. D. Grant:-The painful news to me of your father's
death has just been received. The sympathy of myself and family
goes out from the depth of our hearts to your mother and all of you
in your great bereavement. The country is filled with sympathy and
grief at this news, but the greatness of its loss must grow upon it as
the future unfolds the coming years.
JOHN A. LOGAN.
Mrs. Gen. Grant:-1 have heard with great sorrow of Gen. Grant's
death. I offer full measure of sympathy.
SAMUEL J. Randall.
FORT RENO, I. T., July 23.—Col. F. D. Grant:-Will you please
express to Mrs. Grant my grief at the loss of my dearest friend and
comrade, and my sincere sympathy and condolence with her in this
hour of her great distress?
P. H. SHERIDAN, Lieutenant-General.
Col. F. D. Grant:-You have our deepest sympathy. The illness
of Mrs. Stewart, also Mrs. Hughes and Mrs. Russell, prevents a
personal visit of condolence. Please command me for any service
you may need.
HENRY HILTON.
The President's proclamation was followed by procla-
mations from the Governors of the several States, North
and South. That of the Governor of New York was as
follows:
STATE OF NEW YORK, EXECUTIVE CHAMBER.-Ulysses S. Grant,
twice President of the United States, the defender of the Union, the
victorious leader of our soldiers and General on the retired list of the
army, is dead. To the last he was the true soldier, strong in spirit,
patient in suffering, brave in death. His warfare is ended. After the
close of his official life, and following that journey around the world,
when tributes of esteem from all nations were paid him, he chose his
home among the citizens of our State. He died upon our soil, in the
county of Saratoga, overlooking scenes made glorious by Revolution-
ary memories. It is fitting that the State which he chose as his home
should especially honor his memory. The words of grief and the
tokens of sorrow by which we mark his death shall honor, too, the
702
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:
offices which he held, and proclaim that praise which shall ever be
accorded to those who serve the Republic.
Therefore, it is hereby directed that flags on the public buildings of
the State be placed at half mast until his burial: and on that day, yet
to be appointed, all ordinary business in the Executive Chamber and
the departments of the State Government will be suspended. The
people of the State are called upon to display, until the funeral, em-
blems of mourning, and it is requested that at that hour they cease
from their business and pay respect to the distinguished dead.
Given under my hand and the privy seal of the State of New York
at the Capitol, in the city of Albany, the 23d day of July, 1885.
DAVID B. HILL.
By the Governor.
WILLIAM G. RICE, Private Secretary.
The Governor of Iowa issued the following Proclama-
tion:
• A great man has fallen; a mighty Nation mourns its most emi-
nent citizen. The greatest soldier of all times, after a military career
which was without spot or error, and was uniformly triumphant
everywhere, and whose management of the largest armies the world
ever saw has made forever illustrious the name and fame of the
American citizen-soldier, has made the only surrender ever known to
him and calmly and fearlessly walked down to the grave "like one
who wraps the drapery of his couch about him and lies down to
pleasant dreams." Nor less brilliant and successful were his civil ser-
vices to his Nation, which will live in the hearts of his countrymen so
long as the Republic endures-without selfishness, with no thought
but for the betterment of his fellow-citizens and the perpetuity of a
Government "by the people, of the people, and for the people."
Ulysses S. Grant goes out in the ripeness of years and full of honors
-the most sincerely lamented of any of earth's distinguished citizens.
His memory will remain with us a fragrant heritage forever, and his
virtues for the emulation of every inhabitant of the land. In respect
for his memory, I recommend that our people suspend their usual
business between the hours of 10 and 4 o'clock the day of the funeral,
and I hereby direct that all Executive Departments of the State be
closed that day. Let all the people as one person join in sincere
respect to his memory.
BUREN R. SHERMAN, Governor.
The following are a few of the press tributes from the
leading cities of the United States:
NEW YORK.
The Times: The name of General Grant will be remembered by
Americans as that of the saviour of their country in a crisis more
appalling than any it has passed through since the United States
became a nation.
LIFE AND SERVICES.
703
Commercial Advertiser: His few faults will be softened to posterity
by the memory of his noble virtues, exalted fidelity to country, and
magnanimity in the hour of victory.
Mail and Express: No pomp, however grand, and no ceremony,
however elaborate, can be excessive in such a case as this.
Brooklyn Eagle: Like gold from the furnace of the refiner, the
character of our greatest soldier emerges from the crucible of disease
cleansed from every infirmity and fitted to circulate as sterling coin in
the moral Exchanges of the world.
Sun: What an instructive story is presented in the chronicle of the
life which is now ended! What lessons and what warnings! What
encouragement for patriotism, for fidelity, for weariless defense of the
great interests of mankind!
Tribune: The foremost man of the Nation has closed a career
second to no other in the history of the Republic. The faults of
others, which he shouldered through life, fall from him at the grave.
World: Let us speak of him and think of him only as the soldier
whose fame has not a spot to mar its brilliancy.
Herald: Sincere patriot, brave soldier, pure-mannered and pure-
minded citizen-these are Gen. Grant's titles to the respect and love
of his countrymen now and forever.
PHILADELPHIA.
The Times: The unbroken verdict of history will record General
Grant as hero, statesman, patriot, and as among the wisest and best
of the world's immortal chieftains. He is at rest, and his memory
will be fadeless in every clime where the altar of freedom has wor-
shipers.
The News: The lessons of this sublime spectacle are so plain that
he who runs may read. They are that patriotism is as vital as ever
in the American breast, that consecration to duty has compensations
beyond all else, and that "government of the people, by the people,
for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
The Press: His charity to all, his absolute absence of malice, his
chivalry toward a fallen enemy, his love and tenderness for his family,
above all his sturdy simplicity and quiet dignity of bearing in any
and all circumstances.
CHICAGO.
The Inter-Ocean: His character lives in the esteem of the Nation-
a character that sprung into strength and fullness from the obstruc-
tions of lowly life, bearing with it an ever-abiding sympathy with
lowly condition. The man who was great enough to stand admired
in the presence of kings and potentates, receiving the homage of
nations that knew him alone in his glory, was also great enough to
hold and cherish the love of the common people, from whom he came
Great as a soldier, great as a statesman, great in heart, great in mind,
and great in character, Grant lived a noble career, possible alone, wir
an American.
<
"
704
GENERAL U. s. Grant's
. ,
::
The Tribune: In the midst of misfortune not untouched by shame.
less calumny, weighed down with physical infirmity and mental suf-
fering, the man upon whom the whole country leaned barely a score
of years ago has passed away silently and uncomplainingly, leaving
behind him an immortal name as a valiant and true soldier who
turned the scales for the Union in the most deadly peril which ever
encompassed it. General Grant will be best known in history as the
foremost soldier of his time, and as the peer of the great soldiers of his
century.
The Evening Journal: General Grant's example is among the best
legacies which he has left to posterity. By its study the adolescent
minds of all civilized lands may learn how to live and how to die. By
his career the ambitious may know how greatness is to be achieved,
and how fame is to be won. The student in war may acquire from
his battles the science of victory. The pattern of his patriotism will
invite imitation during all the future of history. His continence, his
probity, his mastery of himself, his steadfastness in friendship, his en-
dearing domestic traits, his fortitude in all extremes of fortune, were
among the conspicuous elements of his greatness. Those who make
the annals of mankind the subject of research will find in his genius
and character the full perfection of those magnificent qualities by
which nations are saved in periods of encompassing danger, and are
led with equal success along the delightful paths of abundance, pros-
perity and peace.
BOSTON.
Journal: He lived long enough to witness the waning of old ani-
mosities, and to find himself the center of a regard which knew no
sectional or party limitations. His fame is secure, and his monument
is the Union which he helped to preserve.
Herald: The character of Gen. Grant was the most transparent of
any of our eminent Americans. No man since Washington has been
less moved than he by personal ambition. No citizen has been more
thoroughly and unselfishly a patriot. Like Washington, he did his
Gen.
duty because it was his nature, almost his religion, to do so.
Grant was incapable of deceit, or envy, or malice, or uncharitableness.
Evening Record; Gen. Grant's deeds are his sufficient eulogy. His
character is best illustrated by his career. A staunch friend, a faithful
citizen, a model husband and father, a true patriot, a consummate sol-
dier, and a great General, Ulysses S. Grant was as unique and as ad-
mirable a character, in his own time and place, as were Washington
and Lincoln in their generations.
Transcript: Gen. Grant's title to fame is second only to that which
has enshrined the name of Lincoln among the illustrious personages
of all races and times. His generous and confiding nature was such
that even his mistakes, public or private, added to the universal
respect now accorded to his character. It will be to the General's
lasting credit that his ambitions as a commander were always
patriotic, and that while in command of the United States army he
LIFE AND SERVICES.
705
never permitted politics to come between him and his duty to the
General Government.
Globe: This is no time for criticism, but it may be truthfully said
that the mistakes of his political career can probably be charged to
the good qualities of the man. Henceforth he will only be remem-
bered for the greatness of his military genius and his patriotic devotion
to the Union and the liberties of his country.
CINCINNATI.
Times-Star: History, with its thousand tongues, will proclaim U.
S. Grant the greatest General of modern times. In the days of the
Rebellion he represented the spirit and power of the North more truly
than any other man of the period. His endurance, heroism, and inde-
fatigable energy, united with consummate capacity for leadership,
fitted him to conquer.
Telegram: Since the foundation of the American Union two men
have lived and died, having filled a place in the hearts and affections
of the people, and have deserved and gathered honors equal with
those of Gen. Grant. Those men were George Washington and
Abraham Lincoln, and there are none other.
Post: His work has been perfected. Few men, soldiers or states-
men, have ever seen so complete finish made of their labors. Not
only had he completed all the public duties to which he had been
assigned by his countrymen, both in the field and in the cabinet, but
he had written a history of his wars, which, however much its conclu-
sions may be questioned, or even its statements challenged, must
alwas remain the most valuable contribution to history that any actor
on either side could by any possibility have made.
BUFFALO, N. Y.
Express: He died to be mourned with a sincere sorrow by all his
countrymen-a sorrow which is a nobler monument to his memory
than artist's brain has ever conceived, or sculptor's hand
fashioned.
ever
Commercial Advertiser: In Grant's life there was everything to
appeal to the ambition and emulation of the living. In Grant's way
of meeting death there was everything to stimulate the fortitude, the
admiration of his fellow-men, who, like him, wait for the summons
that humanity must obey.
CLEVELAND.
Plaindealer: The errors of his Presidential Administration were all
explained by the business catastrophe that overwhelmed him in after
years. Himself incapable of deceit, he could not believe in the rascal-
ity of his friends. But the American people have of late been think-
ing most of the brave old hero sitting in the shadow of a false friend-
ship and betrayed trust, bravely sacrificing everything to atone as far
as he could for the faults of others, and facing with calm courage the
steady approach of a painful death, cheered only by the assurances
706
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
.
"
pouring in from every quarter of the unshaken faith and deep affection
of his countrymen.
Leader and Herald: Like Gustavus Vasa, Martin Luther, and
Abraham Lincoln, he was one of those great men born and nursed in
the bosom of the multitude to emerge when most needed to lead a
people through. The last few years of his life were clouded by mis-
fortunes for which no blame can be laid at his door. His fellow-
countrymen will deeply mourn his loss, and wherever an American
dwells in any part of the world, the tidings of this sad event will cause
him to bow his head in grief and sorrow over the Nation's loss.
SAN FRANCISCO.
The Chronicle: As a soldier, Grant's fame will rest on his practical
realization of his objective point and his disregard of everything else
to reach that. He did his work.
He did his work. He accomplished a result.
Is there
any better test of genius?
The Call: No man since Lincoln in our time and Washington in a
former epoch, will be so deeply mourned.
The Examiner: The place which Grant occupied in this country
will be filled by no other man in this generation.
The Bulletin: He was not a statesman, but he was the patriot who
brought the country through the greatest perils it had
encountered.
ever
·
The Post: He was the radiant product of American civilization-
ours to love, honor, and imitate.
BALTIMORE.
American: On the pages of American history glow a number of
illustrious names, but only two stand out so brightly as his. One of
these is George Washington; the other is Abraham Lincoln.
The Sun: Kindly qualities indicating that Gen. Grant was opposed
to the persecuting aud aggressive spirit of politicians won for him
friends at the South and among the Democracy of the North, and if
he had not been tempted to surrender for the Presidency his position
as Commander-in-Chief of the armies of the United States, his after
life might have been a happier one, and the errors and misfortunes
that tended to break him down might have been avoided.
The Daily News: He will be judged kindly now. The gold that
was in him will be separated from the dross, and patriotism and
humanity will consign the latter to oblivion. His goodness and
greatness will be preserved; his services and virtues extolled; his
faults and vices forgiven or ignored, and he will find the niche in the
temple of fame to which he is entitled, and which during life has been
denied him.
The Herald: Well as the people knew him, they failed to measure
him fully till misfortune threw him in upon himself and made him
exhibit Grant-the man in the strength of his manhood. Then it was
that they saw that it was not destiny, nor favor, nor fortuitous condi-
tions that raised the obscure militia-man to the head of the greatest
.
LIFE AND SERVICES.
707
army that has taken the field in modern times, and made him verita-
bly the first citizen of the Republic, but innate genius, courage, and
strength of purpose-the elements of true manliness.
ST. LOUIS.
The Republican: In the death of Gen. Grant the country loses its
most illustrious citizen and the world one of its most distinguished
soldiers. Whatever greatness he possessed--and it is impossible even
for his enemies to deny him a large measure of it-was due to his
career as a soldier. As a soldier he relied on himself and became
great; but he failed of greatness as a statesman, primarily because he
relied on others, for whose mistakes he was held responsible living,
though they will not be set against him dead. He was a man single
of purpose, incapable of deceit, and so warm in his friendships that
nothing turned him from them. The work which occupied the closing
hours of his life gave him an opportunity to display a fortitude higher
than the courage of the battle field.
The Post-Dispatch: Gen. Grant's career is ended. It is a record
that has lain in the light of the whole world's gaze for twenty odd
years in the afternoon of the nineteenth century, and, as the record
of a man sprung from the people to leave behind him, one of the few,
the immortal names, that were not born to die,
NEW ORLEANS.
The Picayune: Brethren of the North and South, let us join
mournful hands together around that newly-opened grave, remember-
ing that, while all earthly goods are evanescent, honor, truth, and love
are eternally secure.
Times-Democrat: Every soldier heart in this wide land will pray
God this morning that the generous measures he meted to his foe in
time of victory may be remembered and meted again to Ulysses S.
Grant in this his hour of defeat and judgment.
The States spoke of him as "Great as a soldier; but erring, unscru-
pulous, arbitrary, and tyrannical as a statesman.”
The Chronicle: A united country mourns an honored son. His
private virtues were equal to his patriotism and military genius.
GALVESTON, tex.
The News: Gen. Grant, without being comprehensively a great
man, was one of the most illustrious men of his time. As Gen.
Grant, and not as President, will Grant stand as an imposing monu-
mental figure in history.
The News: Taking him all in all, from his boyhood to his declining
years, he was an American of whom all Americans might well be
proud. He was brave, and generous, and faithful. He never turned
his back on either friend or foe. His services were great. There were
great honors conferred upon him, and now that he is no more all his
countrymen, North, South, East, and West, mourn him.
The Evening Tribune: The feeling in Galveston was one of gen.
708
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
eral and sincere regret. Those of the gray who had fought against
him are earnest in their sorrow that a gallant soldier had gone to his
long resting place.
SAVANNAH, GA.
The Morning News: The news of Gen. Grant's death will be read
with profound sorrow in this country, and with deep regret through-
out the civilized world. Gen. Grant was a great soldier. Even if
history should not give him the first place among the soldiers of the
Civil War, it will rank him with the great soldiers of the world.
Gen. Grant achieved nothing in civil life that added to his fame. His
two terms as President were not distinguished for anything that indi.
cated that he possessed the qualities of a statesman. His intentions
appeared always to have been good, and, if faults were committed by
those for whose conduct he was indirectly responsible, he did not
attempt to avoid responsibility. He suffered for the faults of others
in silence. There are those who were against him in the War to
whom he reached out a helping hand when the War was over, and
when they sadly needed help. He was popular with the soldiers,
because he knew how to appreciate soldierly qualities. His magna-
nimity at the Appomattox surrender showed that he was as generous
as he was brave.
MOBILE, ALA.
The Register: He is gone. The grave closes over a brave soldier,
a man whose impulses, had they been properly directed, would have
made him the foremost man of his times. The South unites with the
North in paying tribute to his memory. He saved the Union. For
this triumph-and time has shown it to be a triumph for the South as
well as the North-he is entitled to and will receive the grateful trib-
ute of the millions who in the course of time will crowd this conti-
nent with a hundred imperial States and spread to the world the bless-
ings of republican freedom,
RICHMOND; va.
The Dispatch: In our opinion, not only is his "One of the few im-
mortal names that were not born to die," but his is one of the still
fewer names that are entitled to immortality upon earth. He is not
only one of the immortals, but he is one of them by right. He was an
Agamemnon-a "King of Men."
The State: But the people of this reunited country-the people of
the Southern no less than of the Northern States-are in no mood at
this hour for the critical analysis of the man who has fallen. They
stand around his bier as they stood in silent sorrow by the stricken
body of the departed Garfield-all thought of war, all thought of party
buried, even as will be he who is so soon to be laid in the arms of
Mother Earth. The greatest General of the Union army is dead. The
people of the United States respect his memory.
LOUISVILLE, KY.
The Evening Times: He was a faithful, untiring, almost pitiless
LIFE AND SERVICES.
709
soldier while an armed enemy remained to menace the perpetuity of
the Government. When that enemy laid down his arms the warm
heart beneath the soldier's exterior beat responsive to the touch of
nature that makes the world akin, and when, in the name of the great
Government which he represented, he said "Go in peace" to the sol-
diers of the South, he built in their hearts a monument which death
alone can destroy.
The Evening Post: This is not the time for passing upon the mili-
tary qualities and achievements of the foremost Union General of the
War. All criticisms are silenced in the presence of the emaciated
corpse of a man who so recently commanded 1,000,000 of soldiers. It
seems but yesterday when he passed in review the battle-scarred
legions upon their return from the conquest of the South. Whatever
may be his merits or demerits, both as a soldier and statesman, history
and posterity must determine. It is sufficient now merely to
announce that the most distinguished citizen of America has passed
away to his long home and his last sleep.
The Commercial: The greatest soldier since the day of Napoleon is
dead. A nation weeps and the whole civilized world regrets that
Ulysses S. Grant is dead at MacGregor.
The Courier-Journal had a lengthy and beautiful editorial from
the pen of Mr. Watterson, in which the dead General is spoken of as
a great soldier and a great President
CHARLESTON, S. C.
The News and Courier: It was as General of the armies of the
United States that Gen. Grant was held in most joyous and honorable
remembrance by the North, and by the act of the North and South
alike he died as General of the armies of the United States. The
North had no thought save of the man of Appomattox, and the South
had no thought save of him who told the worn and ragged Confeder-
ate soldiers of Lee's army that they must take their horses home with
them, as they would need them for the spring sowing. There is
peace throughout the land-peace in the North and peace in the South.
The conntry is one again in heart, and thought, and hope. The great
soldier who laid in blood the foundation of this second and more
enduring union is now at his rest. "Let us have peace," he said years
ago, and peace his people have in their hearts and minds. In this
time of peace there is naught but regard and regret for him for whom
strife and disquiet are no more.
OTHER CITIES,
The Indianapolis News: Grant was not for an age, but for all time
-a sturdy character, peerless in its strength; a simple character,
modest in every station, pure in every personal expression, the incar-
nation of bravery in every attribute, "with firmness in the right as
God gave him to see the right"; America's greatest soldier, one of the
three of her greatest men to whom it was given to play leading parts
in her life-Washington, Lincoln, Grant.
710
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
The Indianapolis Journal: After the conflicts of life, Ulysses S.
Grant sleeps with the heroes of the ages gone. "There were heroes
before Agamemnon," so there will be heroes after Grant; but in his
day and generation he had no equal. Stern in war, demanding every-
thing that was necessary to preserve the honor and dignity of his
country, yet his magnanimity to the conquered surpassed even his
valor in the field. His sole aim was the honor, the glory and the per-
petuity of his country.
The Minneapolis Tribune: The death of Gen. Grant has come in
the course of nature and in the fullness of time. His work as a pub-
lic man was accomplished. The stately epic of his life was rounded
out and finished. His life was spared until his career had worked
itself out as a historical whole with an artistic unity.
The Minneapolis Evening Journal: His death, even in the fullness
of time and perfect achievements of a noble character, is the world's
regret and the Nation's scrrow. The Nation's history will preserve
him to the future. The Nation's tears testify to the affectionate re-
gard in which he was held in his own time.
The St. Paul Pioneer-Press says: Few are the biographies that will
suffer as little from addition or expurgation at the hands of history as
In the fierce trials of life and
his whom now the Nation mourns.
death, in the stern battles with foes, mortal or invincible, by which his
life was rounded, the people of America learned to pass a just verdict
upon one whom they had chosen for their hero, and posterity will
not learn to set it aside. It is as the saviour of his country that he will
be known to the unborn generations who will study dispassionately
the history of the great civil strife.
The Detroit Post, in a long review, said: He loved his friends;
he revered his country; he clung to his choice through good and evil
report with all the tenacity of the single-minded, and in his choosing
he rarely erred. Ask history of its truth and let Sherman and Sheri-
dan, Thomas and McPherson testify. Envy might point at mistakes
and tell-tale tongues might tattle of faults to prove the man was
human. If all else be blotted from the tablets of memory, let this be
ever retained-let this be clung to even to the last; that the arm of
Grant was never lifted against the right, for his soul abhorred the
wrong.
The Topeka (Kan.) Daily Commonwealth: Called by the breaking
out of the Civil War from comparative obscurity, the life of Gen.
Grant thereafter reads as a romance more eventful and wonderful
than was ever evolved from the brain of a Sue or a Dumas, while his
fame and conspicuous services are imperishably stamped on the his-
tory of his country for all coming time, and will be spoken by a grate-
ful posterity as long as the English language shall endure.
The Topeka (Kan.) Daily Journal: Gen. Grant in his death leaves
voluminous material for the historian, for no man of this century has
taken a more extensive or prominent part in public affairs. He was
an eminent citizen of not only his own country, that had honored him
as no other citizen or soldier had ever been honored since Washing-
ton, but he was offered the enviable honor of sovereign recognition
LIFE AND SERVICES.
711
*
by all nations of the world. As a civilian he will be classed among
the most profound and patriotic; his will be the one great "silent
statesman and soldier" who listened to the plans of all with honesty
of purpose and wisdom, successfully marked out the course he thought
best, often differing from his counselors.
The Des Moines (Ia.) Register: The Nation has had a new insight
into Gen. Grant's character as it has witnessed its revealment through
the shadows of its closing career. The brave and manly way in
which he took up the burdens which the faults of others had placed
upon him, the unmurmuring submission with which he has suffered
pains of a protracted dissolution, the kindness of spirit he has mani-
fested to all mankind, have touched very deeply the hearts of his
countrymen, and called forth their tenderest love and respect. His
death at this time is crowned not alone with the honor which the world
always pays to true greatness, but with the appreciative affection
which it reserves for true nobility.
The Milwaukee Evening Wisconsin: His was a finished life. The
work for his fellow men to which he gave himself had been fulfilled.
As soldier and civilian he accomplished results more magnificent than
those achieved by any other man who has lived in any age.
The Milwaukee Journal: The news will not cause shock or sorrow,
as did that of Lincoln or Garfield. Grant was not a man to reach the
hearts of the people. He lived to secure rewards of a Nation's grati-
tude for his services.
The Milwaukee Sentinel: He has gone where the trustful Lincoln
abides-gone to join the many dead who fell as they followed his flag,
leaving a poor handful of gray-haired and weary men to talk over
the days when they fought with Grant.
FOREIGN.
The London (Eng.) Times: "With all his faults, Gen. Grant
loomed larger in the people's eye than any of his rivals or contempo-
raries. If his nature was of metal or far more mixed alloy than that
of the founder of the Republic, as even his warmest admirers must
admit, it may be fairly pleaded that he was in this only the creature of
his time. If his faults were those of his age and country, the military
qualities on which the fortunes of his country at the critical moment
depended, were his own."
The London Daily Telegraph devoted two columns to a review of
Gen. Grant's military career, and editorially said he was the greatest
leader whom the United States had produced.
The London Daily News: "There have been few braver men than
Grant. England will sincerely regret his death. It is as a soldier
that he will be remembered. His name will ever be associated with
the great and righteous struggle of which Lincoln was the brain and
heart and Grant the arm and weapon."
CITY OF MEXICO, July 23.-The news of Gen. Grant's death was
received here by the press in advance of the official notification to the
American Legation. On all sides much sympathy is expressed for
the American people in their great loss. Mexicans feel that the illus
712
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
trious soldier and statesman was their greatest friend in the United
States, and they mourn his death as that of a distinguished friend and
patriot who could look beyond the boundaries of his country and
sympathize with a neighboring people. The Government will take
appropriate action to show its sympathy for the American people.
As soon as it was known that Gen. Grant was dead, sev
eral cities tendered public ground for a burial place, a strenu-
ous effort being made to secure a decision in favor of National
ground at West Point or Washington. For various reasons
the members of the deceased's family decided to accept the
proffer of the Mayor and City Council of New York, and
Central Park was chosen, but subsequently Riverside Park,
New York City, was decided upon. It was an evidence of
Gen. Grant's domestic fidelity that he provided that Mrs.
Grant should be allowed a sepulchre by his side; in accepting
a burial place for Gen. Grant stipulation was made for Mrs.
Grant's interment at her demise by his side.
Outside of New York much dissatisfaction and regret
was expressed that New York should have been chosen as
a burial place. This feeling was particularly strong at
Washington, yet it should be conceded that neither the
government nor the people had the right, nor should they
affect the presumption to dictate to Mrs. Grant or her fam-
ily where the body of her illustrious husband should repose.
The country has his fame; it glories in his record; it is
rich and great in the legacy of the restored Union which he
left; it will build his monuments and memorials, but it
could not, without offense, intrude upon the privacy of his
darkened household to divest its mourners of a privilege
which is theirs by all the most sacred and inviolable of all
titles.
Riverside Park is a narrow, irregular strip of land lying
between Riverside avenue and the Hudson River from 72d
street north to 130th street. The average width from east
✡
LIFE AND SERVICES.
713
to west is about five hundred feet, while the entire length
is nearly three miles. The area is about one hundred and
seventy-eight acres, part of which has been laid out in
walks by the department of public works, while other
parts still await the landscape-gardener's touch. The
ground is considerably above the level of the Hudson River.
The views from the drive are striking and picturesque, giv-
ing glimpses of the undulating, tree-covered park, stretches
of the Hudson River and the Weehawken hills opposite. It
is believed that the vicinity of Riverside Park will in time be-
come the pre-eminently aristocratic part of New York.
The point selected for the temporary and permanent
tomb is at nearly the extreme northwest corner. The tem-
porary vault faces the Hudson, and is situated about forty
feet from the main drive. It is constructed of Philadelphia
pressed brick in red and black, and faced with blue stone
trimmings; the walls are twenty inches in thickness.
When General Grant's family accepted President Cleve-
land's offer of a National military funeral, Gen. Hancock,
being in command at New York, was designated by the
President to take charge of the body at Mount MacGregor,
and had full charge and direction of its removal to New
York, and of the ceremonies in that city. The smoothness
and perfectness with which all the arrangements were car-
ried out, shows the wisdom of his appointinent, and reflects
great credit upon him and his ability in organizing large
bodies into an orderly and compact body. President Cieve-
land also named the pall bearers who acted at the final
obsequies.
Within twenty minutes after the death of General Grant
the sculptor, Karl Gerhardt, of Hartford, who had been
making a study of the General, was summoned to the cot-
714
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
tage, and was highly successful in making a plaster mask
of the dead hero's face.
The embalming of the body was satisfactorily accom-
plished on the following day, the cheeks and face by the
process made use of, were made to assume a natural full-
ness, the deeper furrows and lines filling out, and the ex-
pression of the face was one of peace and rest.
On the following Monday the remains were placed in a
casket, and the near friends were permitted to view them.
The casket was of polished oak lined with copper, and
covered with dark purple velvet; a solid silver bar ex-
tended the entire length on either side, and solid silver
handles decorated either end; the lid opened the full
length, and was ornamented with solid silver handles and
a heavy plate of solid gold, on which was engraved the
name, "U. S. Grant."
The coffin was lined with cream-colored satin in tufts,
and contained a pillow of some white material. A canopy
was erected about the coffin. It was eight feet in height,
and the entire covering and draping were of black broad-
cloth and satin damask. The heavy curtains on either
side were trimmed with chenille fringe, and looped back
by dark silk cords and tassels. The panels were of black
broadcloth, ornamented with corded moulding, and the
corner parts were richly carved mahogany. The Stars
and Stripes were draped with a slight outward incline from
the base of the coffin to the floor. Before burial this coffin
was placed in an air-tight cedar box lined with lead, and
this in turn was sealed up and riveted within an oval steel
case. It is estimated that, with the assistance of the em-
balming fluid, the body will thus remain intact for years
to come.
On Monday night, Aug. 3, the family, in a group and

10
LOTION
HOLLA
KWAY)
51
.EXTERIOR OF COTTAGE
COTTAGE AT MOUNT MCGREGOR.
-
7
į
LIFE AND SERVICES.
717
alone, took their final farewell of the remains of the dead
soldier, and the following day surrendered his body to the
Nation.
Impressive public ceremonies were held at the cottage
on the morning of Aug. 4. At eight o'clock the doors
of the cottage were thrown open, and from that hour un-
til ten o'clock, the time appointed for the commencement
of the funeral services, a steady throng of people passed by
the casket and took a last look at the face of him
whom they loved so well. The visitors were made up
from the surrounding country-many of whom had driven
miles in vehicles of all sorts to pay tribute to the heroic
dead.
At 9:30 a train of two cars brought General Hancock
and a large number of distinguished visitors. Two com-
panies of United States regulars were drawn up to receive
them. They proceeded to the cottage in the following
order: General Hancock and Colonel Jones; Admiral
Rowan and General Sherman; Senator Evarts and Gen-
eral Rufus Ingalls; Senator Miller and J. W. Drexel;
General Hancock's staff; Miss Drexel, her aunt and cousin,
dressed in deep mourning. On the same train came the
Loyal Legion, under Past Assistant Paymaster Gilbert
A. Robinson, Brevet Brigadier General Charles A. Carle--
ton, Paymaster George De Forest Barton, Brevet Lieu-
tenant Colonel Floyd Clarkson, Brevet Lieutenant Colo-
nel August M. Clark and Captain Edmund Blunt.
The funeral services from the cottage were witnessed
by fully one thousand persons. The services were most
impressive. The piazza was filled with clergymen and
favored friends of the deceased, and the large audience was
hushed as if the angel of death were in reality passing by.
The exercises were begun by a Scripture reading of the
718
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
Ninth Psalm, by Rev. Dr. Agnew, of Philadelphia, after
which Bishop Harris offered an eloquent prayer. The
hymn "My Faith Looks up to Thee" preceded the funeral
discourse by the Rev. Dr. J. P. Newman. Dr. Newman
began his remarks at 10:30 A. M., and occupied one hour
and twenty-three minutes in his delivery. Speaking from
manuscript he took for his text the words from St. Mat-
thew, chapter xxv. and verse 21. Owing to the great
length of this discourse, space forbids giving it in its en-
tirety. After reviewing General Grant's career and eulo-
gizing his character as a soldier, a statesman, a private citi-
zen, a dutiful son, a loving husband, and a tender, sympa-
thizing father, he closed his sermon as follows:
Who does not regret the death of such a man? Heaven may be
richer, but earth is poorer. On one of those delusive April days
when hope revived in all our hearts, I said to him: "You are a man
of Providence; God made you the instrument to save our Nation,
and He may have a great spiritual mission to accomplish by you, and
may raise you up." In the most solemn and impressive manner, with
a mind clear and a voice distinct, he replied: "I do not wish to pro-
- claim it; but should He spare my life it is my intention and resolve
to throw all my influence by my example in that direction."
Is he
He is gone, but shall death defeat a purpose so beneficent?
What home has not felt
not mightier in his death than in his life?
the sympathetic chord touched by the invisible hand of his terrible but
patient suffering? How the embers of sectional strife have died out
on the hearthstone of the Nation! How political animosities have
skulked away in shame from the peaceful spirit of his last moments?
How sectarian prejudice shrank into oblivion when around his couch
all bowed in prayer before a universal Saviour! How the young men
of the republic realized that life is worth living when they felt the
touch of his great soul! How the little children of the Nation united
his name with that of father and mother in their purer prayers, and
opened the tablets of their young memories to receive the image of
his life and character! And wherever he had touched the circuit of
the earth, there came from Japan, China and India, from the temples
of Jerusalem and the Pyramids of Egypt, from Attic plains and an-
/
*
F
thing.
4.
F
LIFE AND SERVICES.
719
cient Troy, from the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn, from the
Danube and the Rhine, from the Seine and the Thames, the voice of
love that made all men akin. O who would not even dare to die to
do so much for mankind? And this was his consolation. When
near his end he sought to cheer that precious woman who loved him
as her life: "You ought to feel happy under any circumstances. My
expected death called forth expressions of sincerest kindness from all
the people, of all sections of the country. The Confederate soldier
vied with the Union soldier in sounding my praise. The Protestant,
the Catholic and the Jew appointed days for universal prayer in my
behalf. All societies passed resolutions of sympathy for me and
petitions that I might recover. It looked as if my sickness had had
something to do to bring about harmony between the sections.
The.
attention of the public has been called to your children, and they
have been found to pass muster. Apparently I have accomplished
more while apparently dying than it falls to the lot of most men to be
able to do." O!" Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my
last end be like his!"
And where in all the annals of the church shall we find a dying
hour so full of divine repose? His calm faith in a future state was
undisturbed by anxious doubt. His suffering and wasted body was
but the casket for the resplendent jewel of his soul, and when death
ruthlessly broke that precious casket an angel carried the jewel to the
skies to lay it at the Saviour's feet. In the early light of April 1,
when all thought the end was come, the sufferer said to me:
"Doc-
tor, I am going."
"I hope the prospect of the future is clear and bright," was my re-
sponse; and the answer came: "Yes; oh, yes!" Then followed a
scene of infinite tenderness. The honored wife, the precious daugh.
ter, the devoted sons and their wives, each in turn approached and he
tenderly kissed them. "Do you know me, darling?" was the loving
wife's inquiry, and he whispered back: "Certainly I do, and bless you
all in my heart." Such love melted the marble heart of Death, and
the "King of Terrors" fled affrighted. The sufferer revived. Heaven
added months to a life so dear to us all. When he had recovered
sufficiently, I asked him: "What was the supreme thought on your
mind when eternity seemed so near?”
"The comfort of the consciousness that I had tried to live a good
and honorable life," was the response which revealed the hidden life
of his soul. Again the angel of death cast his shadow over the one
720
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
!
a Nation loved. Amid the gathering gloom, I said: "You may have
many awaiting you on the other side."
I wish they would come and not linger long," was the answer of
his Christian faith and hope. They came at last. They came to
greet him with the kiss of immortality. They came to escort the
conqueror over the "last enemy" to a coronation never seen on
thrones of earthly power and glory. Who came?
Who came? His martyred
friend, Lincoln? His companion in arms, McPherson? His faithful
Chief of Staff, Rawlins? His great predecessor in camp and cabinet,
Washington? And did not all who had died for Liberty come? O!
calm, brave, heroic soul, sing thou the song of Christian triumph:
"O, death, where is thy sting, O, grave, where is thy victory? Thanks
be to God, which giveth us the victory, through Jesus Christ, our
Lord."
And that victory was at hand. From his view on Monday at the
eastern outlook he was to ascend to behold a grander vision. Tues-
day came and went. Night drew on apace, and death seemed immi-
nent. Around his chair we knelt in prayer for some divine manifes-
tation of comfort. Our prayer was heard. The sufferer revived.
Again he wrote messages of love and wisdom. The night wore
away. Wednesday dawned on hill and dale. Hope revived. His in-
tellect was clear, and his consciousness was supreme. Again he wrote,
and again he whispered the wishes of his heart. As came the even-
tide, so came his last night. From out of that chair wherein he had
sat and suffered, and wrote and prayed, tenderly he was carried to
that couch from which he was never to rise. Around him we gath-
ered and bowed in prayer to commend his departing spirit to the love
and mercy of Him who gave it. He answered in monosyllables to
questions for his comfort. The brain was the last to die. All were
watchers on that memorable night. Recognitions were exchanged.
A peaceful death and consciousness to the last breath were granted
unto him. The last night had passed.
'Tis morning. The stars have melted into the coming light. The
rosy fingered morn lifts the drapery of the night. The distant moun-
tains stand forth aglow. The soft, pure light of early dawn covers
earth and sky. The dewdrops sparkle on the grass and in the daisy's
cup. The birds from their sylvan coverts carol the melody of a
thousand songs. The world rejoices, and its many minstrels challenge
the harpers of the sky. In an humble cottage, prone upon his couch,
lies "our old commander." He is dying!
LIFE AND SERVICES.
721
1
'Tis morning, and in the light of that day thousands of earnest
faces flash with renewed concern. From many a shaded lane
and mountain slope, from many a farmhouse and splendid man-
sion, eager eyes look toward the mount of suffering and breathe a
prayer to God for the one we loved. Alas! he is dead.
'Tis morning. It is the promise of a brighter day. The trumpeters
of the skies are sounding the reveille. Their notes have reached
the earth. Their notes have reached our General's ear.
He has gone
to join the triumphant host. 'Tis morning in Heaven!
The services were closed with the hymn, "Nearer My
God to Thee." The music was in charge of Chorister
Camp, of Brooklyn. The benediction was pronounced by
Bishop Harris.
Shortly before I o'clock the body was brought out by the
main entrance of the cottage, being borne down the steps
by thirteen veterans, members of U. S. Grant Post 327,
Brooklyn, and was preceded by a detachment of soldiers
and two buglers playing the "Dead March in Saul." Gen.
Sherman and Col. Fred. Grant and Jesse and Ulysses
Grant walked two by two in advance. Then came Gen.
Frederick Dent, a brother of Mrs. Grant, and Dr. Sharpe,
brother-in-law of Mrs. Grant; Gen. J. A. J. Cresswell and
the Mexican Minister, Senor Romero; a detachment of
artillery with arms reversed, marching as infantry; Gen.
Hancock and staff; Senators Evarts and Miller; Gen. Horace
Porter, Thomas Ochiltree of Texas; Dr. Douglass, Gen.
Rufus Ingalls, Admiral Rowan, and many friends of the
General.
The military were drawn up and a salute was paid the
remains as they passed to the depot, and the throng stood
with uncovered heads while the casket was borne to the
car. The mountain train waited at the little rustic depot.
The transfer from the cottage to the train was completed
ROY
..
722
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
.
~
without difficulty. Among those representing the military
were the following:
Gen. W. S. Hancock, Gen. William T. Sherman, Gen.
Rufus Ingalls, Gen. H. A. Perry, Col. Sutherland, Col.
John P. Nicholson, Lieut.-Col. Finley Anderson, Capt. G.
S. L. Ward, Capt. John H. Weeks, and Lieut. Eugene
Griffin. The guard of honor, U. S. Grant Post, Brooklyn,
consisted of Col. William H. Barker, Maj. B. R. Corwin,
Dr. George W. Brus, Reese B. Gwillim, J. P. Howalt,
Commander John H. Johnson, Henry W. Knight, R. S.
Mackellar, William McDonald, William J. McKelvey,
George J. Collins, Noah Tibbitts, George B. Squires, and
six men of the Legion of Honor.
The general mourners were represented by William M.
Evarts, Admiral Rowan, Warner Miller, Joseph W.
Drexel, Potter Palmer, Gen. J. A. J. Cresswell, and others.
At 1 o'clock the order to start was given, the bluffs and
ridges on each side of the track were densely thronged
with people, standing with uncovered heads, in hushed
sadness, disturbed only as the heavy half-minute guns from
the bluff above thundered forth their sad farewell. The de-
scent to Saratoga was safely accomplished; on approaching
the town the train was saluted with half-minute guns by a
battery from the 4th U. S. Artillery.
At 1:50 P. M. the train came to a full halt alongside of
the train which was to convey the remains and party to
Albany, a transfer being necessary from the narrow gauge
road that leads to Mount MacGregor. Thousands of per-
sons had assembled at this point and stood in respectful
silence with uncovered heads; the buglers playing a dirge
while the precious casket was removed from one car to the
other.
The car "Woodlawn" was used as a funeral car; the
LIFE AND SERVICES.
723
entire train of nine cars was beautifully draped; no wood-
work except the sashes of the windows was visible. The
engine-tender was draped with pleated black, radiating from
a rosette center. The sides of the cab were covered in like
manner. Black cloth was draped from the boiler-rails
and the front was fixed with taste. The funeral car
"Woodlawn" was placed in the panels and centers, and
the National flag was festooned gracefully, but so that
there was no fluttering. The other cars were not so elab-
orately finished, but all were draped with good taste.
The nine cars were occupied as follows: The funeral
car was occupied by the Brooklyn Guard of Honor and six
men of the "Loyal Legion," with a detachment of regu-
lars and two men of Wheeler Post G. A. R.; car No. 2, by
the clergy and Dr. Douglass; third, the sons and notable
mourners; fourth, General Hancock and his staff; fifth,
Governor Hill and staff; sixth, the Press; seventh and
eighth, the military escort; ninth, baggage.
The scene at Saratoga was most impressive and never
to be forgotten by those who witnessed it. The village
church-bells and the fire alarm tolled forth their deep-
mouthed tones, the cannons on the hillsides thundered
forth the sounds familiar to the great chieftain in his prime.
At every street-crossing, cross-roads, and village through
which the train passed, the resident population turned out
en masse to witness the passage of the funeral train. At
3:40 the train reached Albany, where the casket was trans-
ferred from the train to the funeral car by the members of
the U. S. Grant Post, and the line of march was taken up
to the State Capitol.
At the head of the column came Gen. Hancock on a
black charger, accompanied by his staff. The Chief Mar-
shal of the day, Maj.-Gen. Farnsworth, followed with his
724
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
staff. In the first division, headed by Maj.-Gen. Joseph B.
Carr and staff, were about 1,500 members of the State
National Guard. Next came the funeral car, drawn by six
black horses.
The car comprised a platform set on a heavy truck and
covered with black cloth. Upon this was a dais covered
with flags, upon which the casket rested. Falling down
the sides from the platform to within two or three inches
of the ground was heavy material pleated over and relieved
by full festoons of black cloth. The uprights supported a
dome of pyramidal form surmounted by a ball. Across
the eaves was a series of festoons with tassels in between.
The uprights were draped with flags caught up gracefully
about a third the distance above the platform. The car
was flanked by Company E, Twelfth United States In-
fantry, Lieut. Witherspoon, and a delegation of U. S.
Grant Post, as a guard of honor, and following it came the
pall-bearers and friends of the deceased in carriages. The
first carriage bore Dr. Douglass, the Rev. Dr. Newman
and Dr. Shrady. With Gov. Hill were Gen. W. T. Sherman
and Gen. D. D. Wylie of the Governor's staff. The State
officers, members of the Legislature, city officers, and Com-
mon Council occupied succeeding carriages. None of the
Grant family was in the procession. The sons and male
relatives of the General went to the Executive Mansion,
where they were the guests of the Governor.
The Second Division attracted much interest, being large-
ly composed of men who fought under the illustrious Gen-
eral, both in the Southwest and in Virginia. Gen. James
M. Warner, a gallant veteran, was in command of the divi-
sion, which contained 2,000 or 3,000 men.
The Third Division had 1,500 men, of whom 500 were
LIFE AND SERVICES.
725
furnished by the Grant Club and 250 by the German sing-
ing societies of Albany.
When the head of the procession reached the Capitol the
military drew up in line on the south side of State street
and presented arms as the funeral car passed. The regulars
entering the Capitol, took possession of the vestibule and
cleared the space around the catafalque. The remains,
after a few preparations at the hands of the undertakers,
were placed in the catafalque. An inspection of the body
showed that the embalming process had been completely
successful, no traces of decomposition being noticeable.
The catafalque, under which on a dais covered with flags
the handsome purple and plate glass casket rested, was a
model of elegance, simplicity and good taste. It was per-
fectly square, and as high as the low ceiling would permit.
Two narrow strips of royal purple silk ribbons around the
top relieved, and at the same time set off the somberness of
the black, and the roof was upholstered on the under side
with a delicate lavender colored satin.
The procession in the order of its formation filed through
the Capitol and then at 5 P. M. the doors were thrown open
to the public. During the afternoon and the entire night
dense crowds passed rapidly through the building, being
permitted to walk two abreast on each side of the casket
and by 10:30 A. M. of the following morning, at which
time the doors were closed, over 77,000 people had viewed
the remains, and thousands more were shut off.
At 11:30 the guard of honor, with their precious bur-
den, placed the casket again within the funeral car, prepar-
atory to its transfer to New York City-the line of march
was taken up amid the dull boom of cannon and the tolling
and chiming of the church bells of the city-all along the
line of march to the depot, the procession was viewed by
726
general u. s. GRANT'S
a dense throng. The remains were placed in the car
"Woodlawn," the entire train being composed of the same
cars that brought the remains from Saratoga-with two
cars added, occupied by the New York Committee of one
hundred. At every station, village and town there were
tokens of mourning, and seemingly the entire resident pop-
ulation had turned out to show their respect to the nation's
dead, as the train hurriedly passed by. At precisely 5. P.
M., on schedule time, the memorable and impressive train
arrived at the Grand Central Depot. General Grant's last
journey had ended, and from the start at Saratoga there
had been no clang of bell or sound of whistle from the
engine, so perfectly had all of the arrangements been carried
out.
-
Without unnecessary delay the casket was transferred
from the train to the catafalque, which was drawn by
When
twelve black horses, each led by a colored groom.
all was in readiness, solemnly and slowly the long col-
umn rolled down Fourth avenue, under escort of the va-
rious regiments composing the National Guard of New
York; a file of mounted police officers heading the ad-
vancing column. After them, mounted on a black horse,
Next came a battery of
came General Hancock and staff.
light artillery, preceded by the Fort Hamilton band. Fol-
lowing these were four companies of U. S. Regulars. The
next following were two companies of armed marines and
two companies of men-of-wars men preceded by Rear Ad-
miral Jouett and his staff. Then followed General Shaler,
a battery of artillery, Gilmore's band, and four companies
of the National Guard. After the soldiers came an open
carriage in which sat Rev. Dr. Newman and Dr. Doug-
lass then the funeral car, behind which marched Under-
taker Merritt, followed by carriages containing members
J
LIFE AND SERVICES.
727
7
of the dead General's family, Governor Hill and his staff,
Mayor Grace and officers of the municipal government,
the members of the Committee of One Hundred, and
delegations from the Senate and Assembly of the State
following which was the Second Brigade of the National
Guard, composed of four regiments.
All along the line of march every inch of available
space was thronged with people, from the housetops to the
curbstones, as the catafalque approached. Men uncovered
and bowed their heads, the women looked straight in front
of them, awesome, and deeply impressed. The regiments
marched to slow music, and with reversed arms. On
Broadway all business houses were closed, but every win-
dow held spectators.
Arrived at the City Hall where were assembled many
thousands of people, the casket was removed from the
funeral car by the Guard of Honor, into the vestibule, where
it was placed upon a catafalque. The vestibule had been
heavily draped, from which depended two large electric
lights, giving the place the appearance of a massive and
elaborately wrought sepulchre. Looking down upon the
catafalque from a black pedestal standing on the central
stairway, which was completely hidden in folds of black,
was the first bronze bust taken from the plaster cast of the
hero made by Rupert Schmid, of Munich, last April. Be-
neath the bust on the right was a laurel wreath and sword,
in the center an eagle, and on the right a spear. The in-
scription was written in the plaster cast by General Grant
himself, and reads:
"Article of capitulation-Unconditional surrender.
"U. S. GRANT."
728
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
At the foot of the casket stood a bronze medallion of the
dead General's head, framed in black and purple.
At 9 o'clock P. M. the gates were opened to allow the
public to view the face of the dead; from this hour until
I o'clock A. M. two great streams of people poured into the
hall; orderly, well-behaved and sorrowful men, women and
children of all ranks, each one betraying in some way, by a
look or an action, their sorrow at the death of the great
soldier. The police arrangements were perfect, and at no
time did a hitch occur to mar the peaceful quietness of the
scene. At 6 o'clock A. M. on the following day the gates
were again opened, and the vast multitude, many of whom
had waited for several hours, hurriedly viewed the remains
of the hero of Vicksburg and Appomattox. Over three
hundred thousand people passed through the vestibule of
the City Hall, while the body lay in state.
On Saturday, Aug. 8, the last sad rites were paid to
the dead hero. A description of this grand funeral pageant
and the closing scenes are graphically given in the Asso-
ciated Press dispatches of that day.
At 8 o'clock, upon the very stroke of the hour, the head of the mili-
tary column that had been forming for hours arrived at the postoffice.
On the park side of Printing House Square and on the park side of
Broadway the people were like a slowly-moving stream in intensely
cold weather, and the tendency to stagnate and then stop altogether,
was constant. Suddenly, in the midst of the most strenuous efforts
of the police to induce the crowd to keep moving, there was a cry of
"Here's Hancock!" and all motion and movement in the crowd
ceased at once. A half battery of the Fifth Regiment, with four guns
and selected men, arrived at the postoffice, and formed lines on each
side, leaving space for the rapidly arriving troops. At twenty minutes
past 8 o'clock Gen. Hancock and his staff arrived at the Battery. He
rode rapidly up to the city hall. At ten minutes to 9 o'clock the
members of the Liederkranz Society, accompanied by a selected band
of trombones and French horns, made their way through the heavy
LIFE AND SERVICES.
729
lines of police and took their station on the steps of the City Hall.
They sung first the "Pilgrim Chorus" from "Tannhauser," followed
by Schubert's "Spirit Choir."
At 9:15 o'clock a detachment of the Fifth United States Artillery,
composed of eighty men, headed by the Davids Island band, marched
to the city hall, under command of Col. W. B. Beck. The men formed
two lines on the steps from the front of the catafalque to the pave-
ment. Then a regimental band was stationed on the pavement at the
right and rendered a dirge, while the Guard of Honor marched around
the building and entered at the side. At half-past nine the body was
in charge of nine members of U. S. Grant Post, No. 227, of Brooklyn.
The charge was transferred to the Guard of Honor, which had just ar-
rived.
The scene at the entrance to the City Hall at this time was impos-
ing. The catafalque, under the electric light in the corridor, the
flowers in the background, the gates in the front open, and the line of
military on each side of the entrance, all thrown into bold relief
against the dark background of drapery, made a subject for a great
picture. Presently the black funeral-car was observed coming into
position, drawn by twenty-four jet-black horses, each in mourning
trappings, and with a colored groom at the head of each. The car
was 8½ feet wide, 16% feet long, and 14% feet high. The wheels
were concealed from view by heavy drapery of cloth with bullion
fringe. The black canopy was supported by four stanchions, and five
black plumes rose from it-one in each corner and one in the center,
There were four steps of elevation to the car, on the top one of which
the coffin rested. At the rear of the car was placed a series of steps
leading from the ground to the platform upon which the casket was
carried.
At twenty minutes to 10 the pall-bearers arrived. They were as
follows: Gen. Sherman, U. S. A.; Lieut. Gen. Sheridan, U. S. A.;
Admiral Porter, U. S. N.; Rear Admiral Worden, U. S. N.; Gen. J. E.
Johnston, Virginia; Gen. S. B. Buckner, Kentucky; George S. Bout,
well, Massachusetts; A. J. Drexel, Pennsylvania; George W. Childs,
Pennsylvania; John A. Logan, Illinois; George Jones, New York;
Oliver Hoyt, New York.
They were received by Mayor Grace in the corridor. When in
position to move Commander Johnston gave the order, "Lift the re-
mains," and the twelve men laid hands on the silver bars. "March!"
was the next order, and the coffin was lifted. At twenty minutes o
730
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
**
10 it was borne down the steps to the car, Commander Johnston
stepping aside while the guard carried the casket up the steps to the
dais. Having deposited it on the car, they filed down the steps and
took their positions.
After Undertaker Merritt had arranged the casket on the platform
of the funeral-car the steps were removed, and the last journey of the
General was ready to begin. Col. Beck moved to the head of the line
of black horses, gave the order to "move on," and the great car
rolled out into Broadway. The car was immediately followed by the
Loyal Legion guard. The clergy and physicians, who had paid
their last homage to the dead General by alighting from their carriages
and attending the body to the hearse, followed next, in this order:
Rev. Dr. Newman, Bishop Harris, Bishop Potter, Rev. Dr. Cham-
bers, Rev. Dr. Field, Rev. Dr. Bridgeman, Rev. Dr. West, Rev.
Father Deshon, Rev. Robert Collyer, Rabbi Browne, and Drs.
Douglass, Shrady and Sands. At five minutes of nine they were
fully formed, with the organizations in the streets facing Broadway
ready to fall in line, and the funeral cortege was under way. It had
not proceeded beyond Duane street when there was a delay of more
than an hour while the military organizations were deploying into.
column to precede the funeral car. At fifteen minutes past eleven it
was again started, and moved on without further delay up Broadway
to Union square and Fifth avenue. As the catafalque passed Grace
Church at Broadway and Tenth street the chimes were played, and
this, together with the plaintive strains rendered by the band, pro-
duced a most mournful effect. All along the line of march the great-
est deference was paid as the remains passed. A sea of uncovered
heads was visible for blocks, and a weird silence reigned. The fu-
neral-car, with the casket resting in it, and surrounded by the pall-
bearers and military escort, was photographed before leaving the City
Hall plaza.
At precisely fifteen minutes past ten o'clock A. M. the head of the
procession passed Fifth Avenue Hotel. At 3:20 P. M. the last of it
went by, making the time of passage exactly five hours and five
minutes. This procession moved by company fronts throughout, so
far as the military were concerned, or in files of not less but frequent-
ly more than eighteen front with the Grand Army men, veteran asso-
ciations, and civilians generally, and in close order, while the car-
riages were driven never less than two abreast, commonly three and
frequently four, so that throughout its formation it was a very com-
*
1
LIFE AND SERVICES.
73'
A
pact procession. It is not recalled that the time occupied in its pas-
sage has ever been exceeded by any procession in this country. And
then, too, the step taken was not the usual funeral pace, but when-
ever practicable the ordinary route step of a moving column was
maintained, so that more rapid progress was made than with similar
pageants generally. Indeed, the immensity of the procession had
been fully anticipated and every effort made to quicken its movement
without unseemly hurrying, in order that all who desired might par-
ticipate in it. Thus it is apparent that, considering the amount of
time consumed, the close order of the formation, and the rapidity of
its movement, this procession exceeded all previous demonstrations
of its kind in the numbers participating in it. Of course it would be
the merest guesswork to give the number composing the column,
but the most intelligent estimate would make it not less than forty-
five thousand. It was a most admirably managed, imposing, and beauti-
ful procession. It was no improvised Fourth of July affair, nor, though
composed largely of State militia, Grand Arıny men, and civilians, was
it conducted in the usual amateurish manner of so many demonstra-
tions. It was commanded by Maj. Gen. W. S. Hancock in person,
who is a soldier by instinct and training, a strict disciplinarian, and
utterly opposed to all tomfoolery and nonsense. It moved on time, and
when designated organizations were not ready to fall into place,
others were promptly started, so that there was no hitch. The de-
tails had been attended to and approved by Gen. Hancock. Thus,
when passing the Fifth Avenue Hotel it was a complete and perfect
column, with no breaks or outward gaps, and save the two or three
halts ordered to rest the men, it moved along continuously and even-
ly, like a vast army on review, until the last man had passed.
At 4:30 o'clock the head of the column reached the
tcmb at Riverside Park. The order of arrival and the
subsequent order of exercises were as follows
"Dr. Newman and Bishop Harris occupied the first carriage,
then the clergy, and then Drs. Douglass, Shrady and Sands. The
bearers came after these. Gen. Joe Johnston rode beside Gen. Sher-
man, and Buckner and Sheridan were paired, while Gen. Logan and
ex-Secretary Boutwell followed, and other distinguished men came
also. The bearers and those invited alighted and took places near the
tomb. The David's Island band, playing Chopin's Funeral March,
:
732
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:
So
came into view, while behind the black plumes of the funeral-car
could be seen. The car stopped abreast of the tomb. The guard of
honor ascended to bear down the casket. Col. Beck formed his two
companies of escort in a hollow square between the tomb and the
The occupants
hearse. The family carriages had drawn near.
alighted and took positions near the foot of the steps of the car.
and
they stood while the casket was being removed from the car,
when it was borne into the hollow square toward the vault the rela-
tives followed in this order: Col. Fred. Grant and wife, Mrs. Sartoris
and the Colonel's children, Julia and U. S. Grant; U. S. Grant, Jr.,
and wife, leading little Nellie, the daughter of Jesse Grant; fesse
Grant and wife, U. S. Grant second (the son of Orville Grant), with
Mr. Fred Dent and Mrs. Dent, Dr. Cramer and wife, Potter Palmer
and wife, and Hon. John A. Cresswell and wife, The cedar case
rested on supports at the door of the sepulchre. The casket was de-
posited therein. Meade Post, No. 1, of Philadelphia, represented by
fifteen men, circled the casket.
circled the casket. The commander took his post at the
head, with officers and post commanders at the foot. The chaplain
stood at the foot, and the colors were placed in front. The ritual ser-
vice was then performed.
The Post Commander, Alexander Reed, said:
Assembled to pay the last sad tribute of respect to our late com-
mander and illustrious comrade, U. S. Grant, let us unite in prayer.
The chaplain will invoke the divine blessing.
Post Chaplain C. Irvine Wright then prayed as follows:
God of battles, Father of all, amidst this mournful assemblage, we
seek Thee, with whom there is no death. Open every eye to behold
Him who changed the night of death into morning. In the depths
of our hearts we would hear the celestial word: "I am the resurrec-
tion and the life. He that believeth in Me, though he were dead, yet
shall he live," As comrade after comrade departs and we march on
with ranks broken, help us to be faithful unto Thee and to each other.
We beseech Thee look in mercy on the widow and children of our
deceased comrade, and with Thine own tenderness console and com-
fort those bereaved by this event, which calls us here. Give them
the oil of joy for mourning-the garment of praise for the spirit of
heaviness. Heavenly Father, bless and save our country with the
freedom and peace of righteousness, and through Thy great mercy, a
Saviour's grace and Thy Holy Spirit's favor, may we all meet at last in
4
eri

Fr
okrests
THE VAULT AT RIVERSIDE PARK.
PAREXXY
1-1
D
:

LIFE AND SERVICES.
735
joy before Thy throne in heaven, and to Thy great name shall be
praise forever and forever.
All Comrades, Amen.
Post Commander Alexander Reed then spoke as follows:
We are called together to fulfill the last sad rites of respect to our
comrade of the war. The present, full of the cares and pleasures of
civil life, fades away, and we look back to the time when shoulder to
shoulder on many battle-fields or around the guns of our men-of-war,
we fought for our dear old flag. We may indulge the hope that the
spirit with which, on land and sea, hardship, privation, and danger
were encountered by our dead heroes may never be blotted out from
the history or memory of the generations to come-a spirit uncom-
plaining, obedient to the behests of duty, whereby to-day our national
honor is secure, and our loved ones rest in peace under the protection
of the dear old flag. May the illustrious life of him whom we lay in
the tomb to-day prove a glorious incentive to the youth, who, in ages
to come, may be called upon to behold the destiny of our country.
As the years roll on we, too, shall have fought our battles through
and be laid at rest, our souls following the long column to the realms
above, as grim death, hour by hour, shall mark its victims. Let us
so live that when that time shall come those we leave behind may say
above our graves: "Here lies the body of a true-hearted, brave, and
earnest defender of the republic."
Junior Vice Commander Louis A. Moore (laying a wreath of ever-
green upon the coffin):
In behalf of the Post, I give this tribute-a symbol of undying love
for comrades of the war.
Vice Commander John A. Weidersheim (laying a bunch of flowers
upon the coffin):
Symbol of purity, we offer at this sepulchre a rose. May future
generations emulate the unselfish devotion of even the lowliest of our
heroes.
Post Commander A. J. Sellers (laying a laurel wreath upon the
coffin):
Last token of affection from comrades in arms, we crown these re-
mains with a symbol of victory.
Rev. J. W. Sayers, chaplain-in-chief of the Department of Penn-
sylvania, G. A. R., delivered an address, after which Rev. H. Clay
Trumbull offered prayer. The bugle-call "rest" was then sounded.
Dr. Newman and Bishop Harris then read the ritual service for
burial of the Methodist Episcopal church.
}
736
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
Directly behind the burial party stood Gen. Hancock. At his el-
bow were President Cleveland, Vice-President Hendricks, and mem-
bers of the cabinet. Near the head of the casket, on the right, Sher-
man and Sheridan in full uniform were uncovered the entire service.
At their sides were ex-Presidents Arthur and Hayes, and Senator
Sherman. On the other side of the casket, opposite, were Admiral
Porter, Fitz Hugh Lee, Gen. Gordon, and Gen. Buckner. When the
religious services had ended the trumpeter of Company A, Fifth Ar-
tillery, stepped close to the casket and sounded the tattoo. Little
Julia then laid on the coffin a wreath "To Grandpapa."
Half a minute later two regiments of the First Division of the
National Guard fired three volleys of musketry over the tomb. Fol-
lowing them, Battery F, Fifth United States Artillery, of four guns,
fired three salvos, after which the "President's salute" was fired by
the same battery.
The body was then lifted from the catafalque, and, to the strains of
funeral music, it was borne slowly and tenderly into the dark portals
of its last resting-place. The usual salutes from the shipping in the
river and the artillery in the park, closed the interment ceremonies.
Undertaker Merritt closed the doors, locked them, and, putting the
key in a velvet-covered case, handed it open to Gen. Hancock, who
gave it to Mayor Grace, the latter in turn delivering it to the Presi-
dent of the park, Commissioner Crimmins.
The family carriages were not out of sight when persons attempted
to deface the tomb by writing their names upon it, and a guard of
regulars was mounted at once. The military marched, and the dig-
nitaries rode away, and the long chapter was ended.
Estimates of the number of persons in the different sections of the
procession, based partly upon actual count and partly upon statements
made by company and regimental commanders, yield the following
results:
Federal troops and marines..
First Division National Guard
Second Division National Guard.
Independent military local bodies.
Out-of-town military bodies.
Gen. Sickles' veteran division..
Civic division, carriages, etc..
Total....
·
•
1,498
4,850
2,650
915
4,112
.18,250
$,000
40,170
•
•
··
LIFE AND SERVICES.
737
:
Gath, the popular correspondent, thus sums up the
universal verdict:
"The universal encomium upon this great scene is that such a fune-
ral has never been seen, at least in this city, if in this land. Old men
compare it to the great celebration nearly half a century ago at the
introduction of the Croton water to New York City. Some say that
the only pageants comparable to it in numbers were the great torch-
light parades in the last political campaign; but this funeral was nec-
essarily restrained in its decorations and methods by the solemn fact
of death, and the great wonder is that so many men of age and in-
firmity should have been drawn from so many portions of the country
to give their voluntary labor to the almost superfluous rites of death.
As a representative thing Grant's funeral was a wonderful testimonial
from this continent, and incidentally from our kindred nations, to the
strength of a devoted, simple biography devoted to great purposes
and associations, to guarding Liberty and Union, and making forgive-
ness and mercy national.
A bird's eye view of to-day's procession, with every point taken up
and every individual sketched, would be beyond the power of one
hand.-- The great length of the procession, its extraordinary time of
passing, the strangeness of many of the important persons present,
and the wide distance between the points of departure and of concen-
tration, leave upon the mind the effect of a battle which is only cor-
rectly related some time after its details have been assembled from
different eye witnesses. Suffice it to say that not even the distribution
of the great armies at the close of the War, which I witnessed in
Washington, gave such general satisfaction as to-day's funeral. Those
veterans came in from the field with battered flags and uniforms faded
and dirty, and their own ranks decimated, and as they marched along
the loose, disjointed street of Pennsylvania avenue, there was but lit-
tle except the moral impression of their work, whereas to-day the
cleanly rank, the thorough taste, the aged and thoroughly-acquitted
biography, the intermingling of civil deeds and civil government
with military character, and the thorough restoration of peace which
the death of Grant seems to have accomplished, conjointly with his
life and sword, make this spectacle agreeable to every recollection,
while Nature seems to have smiled upon the scene and given in the
heat of summer her choicest autumn breath to freshen the garland
of Grant."
;
7
738
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
......
At the hour when the last sad rites were being shown
to the dead chieftain's remains in New York, in nearly all
of the leading cities and towns of the country, bells were
tolled, cannons fired, memorial services held, and military
bodies, fire and police departments, civil bodies and orders
co-operated in making a funeral pageant that testified how
broad and deep ran the current of love for the man whom
it was their privilege to honor.
A notable event long to be remembered was that of a
memorial service held in Westminster Abbey, London, on
Aug. 4. The large edifice was crowded with a congre-
gation nearly every member of which was a distinguished
person. The order of the service was as follows:
+
1. Schubert's "Funeral March."
2. The funeral procession up the nave of the cathedral to the choir.
3. The opening of the burial service.
4. The Ninetieth Psalm.
5. The day's lesson.
6. The funeral sermon, by Canon Farrar.
7. Spohr's anthem, " Blest are the Departed.”
8. Handel's anthem, "His Body is Buried in Peace."
9. The two concluding prayers of the burial service.
10. Blessing.
11. The "Dead March" in "Saul."
The funeral address, delivered by Canon Farrar, was
most impressive, and was listened to in almost breathless
silence. Canon Farrar took his text from the Acts,
chapter 13, verse 36. He said:
"Eight years have not passed since the late Dean Stanley, whom
Americans so loved and honored, was walking around this Abbey with
Gen. Grant, explaining its wealth of great memorials. Neither of
them had nearly attained the allotted span of human life. Both might
have hoped that many years would elapse before descending to the
grave full of years and honors. This is the fourth summer since Dean
Stanley fell asleep. To-day we assemble at the obsequies of the great
"
LIFE AND SERVICES.
739
soldier whose sun set while it was yet day, and at whose funeral ser-
vice in America tens of thousands are assembled at this moment to
mourn with the weeping family and friends. I desire to speak simply
and directly, with generous appreciation, but without idle flattery, of
him whose death has made a nation mourn. His private life, his
faults or failings of character, whatever they may have been, belong
in no sense to the world. They are before the judgment of God's
merciful forgiveness. We will touch only upon his public actions
and services. Upon a bluff overlooking the Hudson his monument
will stand recalling to the future generations the dark page in the
Nation's history which he did so much to close."
After eloquently tracing Gen. Grant's boyhood and man-
hood, the speaker said:
"If the men who knew him in Galena-obscure, silent, unprosper-
ous, unambitious-had said, if any one had predicted, that he would
become twice President and one of the foremost men of the day, that
prophecy would have seemed extravagantly ridiculous. But such
careers are the glory of the American Continent; they show that the
people have a sovereign insight into intrinsic force. If Rome told
with pride that her Dictators came from the plow tail, America may
record the answer of the President who, when asked what would be
his coat of arms, answered, proudly mindful of his early struggles
A pair of shirt-sleeves." The answer showed a noble sense of the
dignity of labor; a noble superiority to the vanities of feudalism; a
strong conviction that men should be honored simply as men, not ac-
cording to the accident of birth."
"America has had two martyred Presidents, both sons of the people;
one, a homely man, was a farm lad at the age of 7, a rail-splitter at
19, a Mississippi boatman at 28, and who in manhood proved
one of the strongest, most honest, and God-fearing of modern rulers;
the other grew from a shoeless child to be an humble teacher in the
Hiram Institute. With those Presidents America need not blush to
name the leather-seller of Galena. Every true man derives patent
nobleness direct from God. Was not the Lord for thirty years a carpen·
ter in Nazareth? Lincoln's and Garfield's and Grant's early conscien-
tous attention to humble duties fitted them to become kings of men.
The year 1861 saw the outbreak of the most terrible of modern,
The hour came and the man was needed. Within four years
Grant commanded ai army vaster than had ever before been handled
wars.
740
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
E
:
2.
:
by man. It was not luck, but the result of inflexible faithfulness,
indomitable resolution, sleepless energy, iron purpose, persistent tenac-
ity He rose by the upward gravitation of natural fitness. The very
soldiers became impregnated with his spirit. General Grant has been
grossly and unjustly called a butcher. He loved peace and hated
bloodshed. But it was his duty at all costs to save the country. The
struggle was not for victory, but for existence; not for glory, but for
life or death. In his silence, determination, and clearness of insight
Grant resembled Washington and Wellington. In the hottest fury
of battle his speech never exceeded "Yea, yea," and "Nay, nay."
God's light has shown for the future destinies of a mighty nation, but
the war of 1861 was a necessary, a blessed, work. The church has
never refused to honor the faithful soldier fighting for the cause of
his country and his God. The cause for which Grant fought-the
unity of a whole people, the freedom of a whole race-was as great and
noble as when at Lexington the embattled farmers fired the shot
which resounded around the world. The South accepted a bloody
arbitrament. But the rancor and fury of the past are buried in obliv-
ion. The names of Lee and Jackson will be a common heritage with
those of Garfield and Grant. Americans are no longer Northerners
or Southerners, but Americans. What verdict history will pronounce
upon Grant as a politician and a man I know not, but here and now,
the voice of censure, deserved or undeserved, is silent. We leave his
faults to the mercy of the merciful. Let us write his virtue on brass
for men's example. Let his faults, whatever they may have been,
be written on water. Who can tell if his closing hours of torture
and misery were not blessings in disguise. God purging the gold
from dross until the strong man was utterly purified by his strong
agony. Could we be gathered in a more fitting place to honor Gen-
eral Grant? There is no lack of American memorials here. We add
another to-day. Whatever there be between the two nations to for-
get and forgive is forgotten and forgiven. If the two peoples which
were one be true to their duty, who can doubt that the destinies of the
world are in their hands? Let America and England march in the
van of freedom and progress, showing the world not only a magnifi-
cent spectacle of human happiness, but a still more magnificent spec-
tacle of two peoples united, loving righteousness and hating iniquity,
inflexibly faithful to the principles of eternal justice, which are the
unchanging law of God."
¿

LIFE AND SERVICES.
741
The solemnly grand events of this never-to-be-forgotten
reverent magnificence to the mortal remains of the illus-
trious Grant, must have an influence upon the youth of our
land, broader, more enduring, more ennobling than any-
thing which has transpired during the past decade. Το
witness a Nation in profound mourning above its honored
dead, is a spectacle almost holy in its grandeur, sublime in
its devotion, divine in its reverence of the qualities of heart
and mind and soul that made possible such universal sor-
row in its loss. Deaths so taken into account are benefits
to the race of men. They make the world better. They
fix examples to inspire the youth and content the old-
for it is in the circumstances of death alone that the glories,
the triumphs, the supreme values of a great career shine
forth clear and unclouded, fully perceived and freely ac-
knowledged.
The reception of the funeral train at all points illustrates
how grandly General Grant had lived in the esteem
of his countrymen. Great men have from time to time
been distinguished at their death by National honors
over their remains, but to none was ever accorded
greater distinction in the reverent grandeur of the
funeral cortege, than was paid to General Grant's
memory-in the reception of his body-and in the last final
rites at Riverside. The scenes described are thrilling in
their evidences of popular grief shared by all classes alike,
the solemnity indicating profound and universal sorrow, and
the reverence had for the name and fame of the "Old Com、
mander." Surely if there is no inspiration in this, if there
is no noble lesson for the future to grow out of this earthly
crowning of a high career, then men live and achieve in
vain, temples and shrines are follies, and monuments are
satires.
|
!:
742
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
The editor of Harper's Weekly thus feelingly wrote
of General Grant's sickness:
"General Grant's wonderful vitality has made a brave
struggle against death, and the attitude of the public
during the past week has been one of anxious suspense.
Alternate exhaustion and revival are characteristics of the
disease which has so remorselessly worn away that hardy
life. The crisis of Thursday was such that the end
seemed inevitably to have come. The silent sufferer him-
self, for the first time, gave up, and bestowed his farewell
blessings upon those around him. But the sleep which
followed was not that of death. A gradual revival took
place, and before the dawn of Good Friday he was dozing
in his easy-chair in that condition described by his physi
cians as comfortable. His face never gave much indica-
tion of his enfeebled condition. He has been able, most
of the time, to walk about the room with the assistance of
Harrison, his faithful colored valet, or even alone. His
most comfortable rest has been obtained in his easy-chair.
As a natural result of the means employed to keep his
system in action-namely, the hypodermic administration
of stimulants—the drowsy condition of the patient has in-
creased from day to day. His mind, however, has always
remained clear. His silent moments seem often to have
been devoted to reminiscent thoughts and dreams.
"General Grant's wife, his sons, Mrs. Sartoris, Dr.
Newman, and the two physicians, Dr. Douglass ana
Shrady, have remained at his side almost constantly, day
and night. Outside the house, a group of reporters on
duty, and a miscellaneous crowd, attracted by sympathy or
by idle curiosity, has also been in regular attendance.
"Frequent bulletins from the sick-chamber have been
S
LIFE AND SERVICES.
743
1
sent down to these waiting crowds, to be eagerly caught
up, discussed in grave and subdued tones, and telegraphed
instantly throughout the city and country."
The editor of the New York Evening Mail gives a
graphic pen picture of the bed-side. The whole world
was really watching:
"As with the martyred Garfield at Elberon, so with
the dying Grant at his home near Central Park, the types
and electric wires have put the people at his bedside, and
he could feel the gentle, but powerful pulsations of
popular sympathy and affection, like the steady and noise-
less movements of the resistless tides. Indeed, it is the
new romance and pathos of our civilization, in these days
when the electric wires have become a nervous system for
the world, that whenever men feel that they are about to
lose a world's hero, a hero for all lands and times, the
world's consciousness of the situation is made manifest and
active, and it is not by poetic license but by poetic achieve-
ments of modern science that the world becomes both wit-
ness and watcher."
Ex-Postmaster General Cresswell pays the following
touching tribute, in speaking of General Grant's character-
istics:
“I had more admiration for General Grant than for
any
man I ever saw, and it grieves me to the soul that he should
be ending his days in suffering. His qualities of true man-
liness were more pronounced than those of any man I ever
knew. In all my close relations with him while I was a
member of his Cabinet I never heard him say a harsh or
petty thing; never heard him speak impulsively, or use a
profane word.
"Grant's great characteristic was his sublime and un-
744
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
flinching courage. It was of that kind that no impression.
could be made upon it by opposition. He discharged his
duties always with unselfishness, never stopping to consider
how an action would affect him personally. All he wanted
to know was What is just, what is right?' Grant never
lost his head. When we came so near being engaged in a
war with Spain on account of the Virginius affair, there
was a good deal of excitement at the Cabinet meeting, and
Grant knew what war
a war with Spain was imminent.
meant, and by his coolness and sound judgment prevented it.
He was assisted in this by the Spanish representative in
this country, who was a naval officer. He, too, knew what
fighting meant, and these two really prevented a war. I
asked Grant once if, when giving orders for an engage-
ment, he was not appalled by the great loss of life which
would ensue. He replied, 'No, it was war, but I realized.
what it meant. I never gave such orders until I was satis-
fied that it was the best course to pursue, and then I was
willing to shoulder the responsibility.'
"General Grant wrote with great facility. His style,
He
like his character, was the embodiment of directness.
used few metaphors and little ornamentation, and never two
words where one would do, preferring Saxon words to
Latin or French. He never hesitated for a word and al-
ways went right to the point. He wrote all his own
papers, notwithstanding the reports to the contrary, and all
his messages were framed and written by him. Those who
thought that Grant couldn't talk made a mistake. When
he became intimate with any one he would talk as much
as any companion should. I have heard him do nearly all
the talking for an hour or two. He was a good talker, but
slow, sometimes hesitating for a word, something he never
<
.
LIFE AND SERVICES.
745
did in writing. He either has implicit confidence in a man:
or he has none. He was quick to form an estimate of a
man, and if his suspicions were once aroused his firm jaw
would shut like a trap and he would remain cold and silent
and by his appearance would chill a speaker, no matter
how earnest he might be. He was always modest and un-
assuming, never presented himself as a hero of any occasion,.
and never introduced military subjects in conversation. He
didn't desire to be President a third term for any glory or
reputation, but his sole object was to reconcile the North
and the South, and I think he would have done it thor-
oughly. The solid South would have been a thing of the
past."
The following pathetic statement from Hamilton Fish,.
touching the changed appearance and sufferings of Gen-
eral Grant, will prove interesting. He says, in an interview
with a reporter of a New York paper:
"Here is a picture, perhaps the best ever taken of him, while he
was general of the army. His face is full. There are no wrinkles.
His broad brow and massive jaws are indicated strongly. Now the
general is sadly emaciated. He reclines, almost without a change, in
a broad arm-chair, resting his feet upon a small chair near it. He's.
wraped up warm in blankets, and every care is taken to avoid a sud-
den chill. His face is deeply wrinkled-lines either of constant anxi-
ety or of pain. The lower part is swollen by the disease, and in con-
sequence the waste of flesh is not noted so much at a full front view
as when one sees him walking from room to room in his restless way..
The general never complains. He bears excruciaing pains without a
murmur. I do not believe that his sufferings are incessant. They
must be spasmodic; but in watching the general one can only notice
a quiver of the muscles when one of these darts of pain occurs.
It is
impossible to say that his condition is improved. It is, I am
afraid, too late to talk of any marked improvement. His family as
well as himself are now waiting for the end which must surely
come. The physicians are fighting bravely and nobly to defer the
6
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
:
-
Ja
death of their patient-not to prevent it. At present the disease is
continually increasing its surface, and it can only be a little time when
one of three things will occur. The first danger is, of course, from the
accumulation of mucus in the throat, which would of necessity cause
suffocation; the second is the progress of the disease into the throat
This would cause a
and the severance of one of the large arteries.
suffusion of blood and would result in suffocation. A third danger is
from a failure of the heart through weakness. The physicians think
death, when it comes, will be very sudden. It will result from one of
those reasons, and will come without warning. His struggle has been
a remarkable one, and indicates clearly the iron nature of the man.
He seems to be restless. Of course he doss not remain on his feet
for any length of time. He rises from his chair, walks across the
room aud then returns. He does this simply to change his position
and so get rest. He dreads to go to bed on account of the rapid accu,
mulation in his throat."
We cannot better conclude this subject than by giving
an extract from an editorial of the New York Tribune, on
the anniversary of the battle of Appomattox:
R
"Twenty years ago this day occurred the historic scene
of Appomattox. General Lee's army, reduced to 35,000
men, had been forced to retreat from Richmond westward,
and owing to General Meade's energetic pursuit and the
daring advance of General Sheridan's cavalry upon the
southern lines of railway communication, it was cut off
from supplies, constantly harassed, and finally surrounded.
On the night of April 6, 1865, General Lee's officers,
after a consultation around their bivouac fires, desired Gen-
eral Pendleton to express to him their conviction that the
prolongation of the struggle would involve a needless sacri-
fice of life, inasmuch as a surrender was inevitable. On the
next morning General Grant formally proposed negoti-
ations for a capitulation, and receiving on the following
day a favorable reply, immediately offered to accept a sur-
5
LIFE AND SERVICES.
747
render on the single condition that the officers and men
laying down their arms should be disqualified for taking
up arms against the Government of the United States
until properly exchanged as prisoners of war. So generous.
were these terms that General Lee, while denying that the
supreme emergency had yet arisen, consented to appoint a
meeting for the next morning between the picket lines of
the two armies, at which the general situation might be
discussed. This appointment was not kept, General Grant
replying that he had no authority to treat on the subject of
peace. Later in the day, April 9, General Lee asked for an
immediate meeting; the two commanders had a brief con-
sultation; and the terms of surrender were adjusted with-
out difficulty This was Appomattox.
"The heroic soldier, whose fame was crowned by that
great achievement twenty years ago, has been fighting for
many weeks as hopeless a battle as that in which General
Lee's dispirited and famished but not demoralized followers
were then engaged. Racked by the torments of merciless
disease, he has endured the hardness like a brave soldier,
bearing his sufferings with cheerfulness and resignation, and
displaying the same resolute courage and invincible will
which were his distinguishing characteristics during his cam-
paigns. His sick room has witnessed triumphs of self-con-
quest, self-repression and quiet endurance worthy of the hero
of Appomattox. The same generosity and thoughtfulness
for others, which shaped his negotiations with General Lee,
have been evinced in the weary veteran's daily greetings
and messages to his friends and in the gentle courtesies
bestowed upon all who enter the sick room. There has
been no sign of impatience; no sound of murmuring. On
the eve of Appomattox the old soldier sighs for peace, but
is brave and resolute still.”
2
APPENDICES.
A
The following congratulatory order of General Grant was issued
just after the repulse of the Confederates in their attempt to recover
Corinth, Miss., a description of which will be found on page 66.
General Orders No. 88.
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF WEST TENNESSEE,
JACKSON, TENN., October 7, 1862.
It is with heartfelt gratitude the General commanding congratu-
lates the armies of the West for another great victory won by them
on the 3d, 4th and 5th inst, over the combined armies of Van Dorn,
Price and Lovell.
The enemy chose his own time and place of attack, and know-
ing the troops of the West as he does, and with great facilities for
knowing their numbers, never would have made the attempt, except
with a superior force numerically. But for the undaunted bravery of
officers and soldiers who have yet to learn defeat, the efforts of the
enemy must have proved successful.
Whilst one division of the army, under Major-General Rosecrans,
was resisting and repelling the onslaught of the rebel hosts at Cor-
inth, another, from Bolivar, under Major-General Hurlbut, was
marching upon the enemy's rear, driving in their pickets and cav-
airy, and attracting the attention of a large force of infantry and
artillery. On the following day, under Major-General Ord, these
forces advanced with unsurpassed gallantry, driving the enemy back
across the Hatchie, over ground where it is almost incredible that a
superior force should be driven by an inferior, capturing two of the
batteries (eight guns), many hundred small arms, and several hundred
prisoners.
To those two divisions of the army all praise is due, and will be
awarded by a grateful country.
748
LIFE AND SERVICES.
749
Between them there should be, and I trust are, the warmest bonds
of brotherhood. Each was risking life in the same cause, and, on
this occasion, risking it also to save and assist the other. No troops
could do more than these separate armies. Each did all possible for
it to do in the places assigned it.
As in all great battles, so in this, it becomes our fate to mourn
the loss of many brave and faithful officers and soldiers, who have
given up their lives as a sacrifice for a great principle. The nation
mourns for them.
By command of
Major-General U. S. GRANT.
JOHN A. RAWLINS, A. A. G.
B
General Grant, having received repeated complaints from farmers
in the vicinity of his headquarters, of the conduct of the Confed-
erate forces while passing through their country, to prevent his troops
from falling into the like disgraceful system of plunder, he issued the
following order:
HEADQUARTERS DepartmeNT OF THE TENNESSEE,
LAGRANGE, TENN., November 9, 1862.
[Special Field Orders No. 2.]
}
Hereinafter stoppage will be made on muster and pay rolls
against divisions for the full amount of depredations committed by
any member or members of the division, unless the act can be traced
either to the individuals committing them, or to the company, regi-
ment, or brigade to which the offenders belong.
In all cases the punishment will be assessed to the smallest
organization containing the guilty parties.
Confiscation acts were never intended to be executed by soldiers; and
if they were, the general government should have full benefit of all
property of which individuals are deprived. A stoppage of pay
against offenders will effect this end, and, it is to be hoped, will cor-
rect this growing evil.
It is not only the duty of commissioned officers to correct this evil,
but of all good men in the ranks to report every violation; and it is
determined now that they shall have a pecuniary interest in doing so.
Assessments will also be made against commissioned officers, in
the proportion of their pay proper.
750
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
Where offences of the nature contemplated in this order are traced
to individuals, they will be summarily punished to the full extent
formerly given to garrison court-martials, or be arrested and tried by
a general court-martial, according to the enormity of the offence, and
the severest penalties provided imposed and executed.
This order will be read on parade, before each regiment and
detachment, for three successive evenings.
By order of
Major-General U. S. GRANT.
C
The Treasury Department having laid down certain rules for the
guidance of those engaged in trade in the insurrectionary States after
they had come within the Union lines, to prevent such traffic becom-
ing a source of aid and comfort to the enemy, yet, notwithstanding
these stringent orders, the Jewish camp followers were found to be
continually engaged in illegal traffic, whereupon General Grant
expelled them all from his department, issuing the following order:
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE,
OXFORD, MISS., December 17, 1862.
[General Orders No. 11.]
The Jews, as a class, violating every regulation of trade estab-
lished by the Treasury Department, also department orders, are
hereby expelled from the department within twenty-four hours from
the receipt of this order by post commanders. They will see that all
this class of people are furnished with passes and required to leave;
and any one returning after such notification will be arrested and held
in confinement until an opportunity occurs of sending them out as
prisoners, unless furnished with permits from these head-quarters.
No passes will be given these people to visit headquarters for the
purpose of making personal application for trade permits.
By order of
Major-General Grant.
D
On the 20th of December, 1862 (as stated on page 67), Holly
Springs, Miss., was disgracefully surrendered. The commanding
general expressed his displeasure in the following condemnatory order:
LIFE AND SERVICES.
751
W
HEADQUARTERS THIRTEENTH ARMY CORPS,
DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE,
HOLLY SPRINGS, MISS., December 24, 1862.
[Special Field Orders No. 23.] (Extract.)
It is with pain and mortification that the General Commanding
reflects upon the disgraceful surrender of the place, with all the valuable
stores it contained, on the 20th inst., and that without any resistance
except by a few men, who form an honorable exception;
and this,
too, after warning had been given of the enemy northward, the even-
ing previous. With all the cotton, public stores, and substantial
buildings about the depot, it would have been perfectly practicable to
have made, in a few hours, a defence sufficient to resist, wi h a small
garrison, all the cavalry force brought against them until the re-inforce-
ments which the commanding officers was notified were marching to
his relief could have reached him.
The conduct of officers and men in accepting paroles, under the
circumstances, is highly reprehensible, and, to say the least, thought-
less. By the terms of the Dix-Hill cartel each party is bound to take
care of their prisoners, and to send them to Vicksburg, or a point on
the James River, for exchange, or parole, unless some other point
is mutually agreea upon oy the generals commanding the opposing
armies.
By a refusal to be paroled, the enemy, from his inability to take care
of the prisoners, would have been compelled either to have refused them
unconditionally, or to have abandoned further aggressive movements
for the time being, which would have made their recapture, and the dis-
comfiture of the enemy almost certain.
The prisoners paroled at this place will be collected in camp at
once by the post commander, and held under close guard until their
case can be reported to Washington for further instructions.
Commanders throughout the department are directed to arrest and
hold as above all men of their commands and all stragglers who may
have accepted their paroles upon like terms.
The General Commanding is satisfied that the majority of the
troops who accepted a parole did so thoughtlessly, and from want of
knowledge of the cartel referred to, and that in future they will not
be caught in the same way.
By order of
Major-General U. S. GRANT.
JOHN A. RAWLINS, A. A. G.
3
752
General U. s. GRANT'S
ร
E
On June 2, 1865, General Grant took leave of all the armies
under his command, in the following farewell address. In it he tells
in glowing words of the great services which, with him, they had
performed for the country.
“Soldiers of THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES,-By your
patriotic devotion to your country in the hour of danger and alarm,
your magnificent fighting, bravery, and endurance, you have main-
tained the supremacy of the Union and the Constitution; overthrown
all armed opposition to the enforcement of the laws, and of the procla-
mations forever abolishing slavery,-the cause and pretext of the Re-
bellion; and opened the way to the rightful authorities to restore
order and inaugurate peace, on a permanent and enduring basis, on
every foot of American soil.
"Your marches, sieges, and battles, in distance, duration, resolu
tion, and brilliancy of results, dim the luster of the world's past mili
tary achievements, and will be the patriot's precedent in defence of
liberty and right in all time to come. In obedience to your country's
call, you left your homes and families, and volunteered in its defence.
Victory has crowned your valor, and secured the purpose of your
patriotic hearts. And with the gratitude of your countrymen, and
the highest honors a great and free nation can accord, you will soon
be permitted to return to your homes and your families, conscious of
having discharged the highest duty of American citizens.
"To achieve these glorious triumphs, and secure to yourselves,
your fellow-countrymen, and posterity the blessings of free institu-
tions, tens of thousands of your gallant comrades have fallen, and
sealed the priceless legacy with their lives. The graves of these a
grateful nation bedews with tears, honors their memories, and will
ever cherish and support their stricken families."
F
General Grant's formal acceptance of the nomination for the
Presidency in 1868 was made in the following letter:
WASHINGTON, D. C., May 29, 1868.
TO GEN. JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, President of the National Union Re-
publican Convention,-
LIFE AND SERVICES
753
In formally receiving the nomination of the National Union Re-
publican Convention of the 21st of May instant, it seems proper that
some statement of my views, beyond the mere acceptance of the
nomination, should be expressed. The proceedings of the Conven-
tion were marked with wisdom, moderation, and patriotism, and, I
believe, express the feelings of the great mass of those who sustained
the country through its recent trials. I indorse their resolutions. If
elected to the office of President of the United States, it will be my
endeavor to administer all the laws in good faith, with economy, and
with the view of giving peace, quiet, and protection everywhere. In
times like the present, it is impossible, or at least eminently improper,
to lay down a policy to be adhered to, right or wrong, through an ad-
ministration of four years. New political issues, not foreseen, are
constantly arising; the views of the public on old ones are constantly
changing; and a purely administrative officer should always be left
free to execute the will of the people. I always have respected that
will, and always shall. Peace, and universal prosperity, its sequence,
with economy of administration, will lighten the burden of taxation,
while it constantly reduces the national debt. Let us have peace.
W
With great respect,
•
Your obedient servant,
General Hawley, as late as April, 1885, said: "The most precious
autograph in my collection is the letter of acceptance which was ad-
dressed to me as president of the convention, and in which occurs the
famous expression, 'Let us have peace.'
It is all in his own hand,
was his first draft, and contains only one correction--the change of a
word at the suggestion of Mr. Colfax.”
G
The following is the celebrated speech of Senator Roscoe Conk-
ling, delivered before the Republican National Convention of 1880,
at the Exposition Building, Chicago, in nominating General Ulysses
S. Grant for a third term; more particularly noticed in Chapter
XXXIX. On the call of the State of New York, Mr. Conkling, of
New York, arose, and was greeted with tumultuous applause, which
continued several moments; as soon as quiet was restored, he said:
U. S. GRANT.
•
754
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
-
“And when asked what State he hails from,
Our sole reply shall be,
He hails from Appomattox,
And its famous apple tree.'
"In obedience to instructions which I should never dare to disre
gard, expressing also my own firm convictions, I rise, Mr. President,
in behalf of the State of New York, to propose a nomination with
which the country and the Republican party can grandly win. The
election before us is the Austerlitz of American politics. It will de-
cide, for many years, whether the country shall be Republican or
Cossack. The supreme need of the hour is not a candidate who can
The need
carry Michigan. All Republican candidates can do that.
is not of a candidate popular in the Territories, because the Terri-
tories have no vote. The need is of a candidate who can carry doubt-
ful States. Not the doubtful States of the North alone, but also doubt-
ful States of the South, which we have heard, if I understand aright,
ought to take little or no part here, because the South has nothing to
give, but everything to receive. The need which urges itself on the
conscience and reason of the convention is of a candidate who can
carry doubtful States, both North and South. And believing that he,
more surely than any other man, can carry New York against any
opponent, and can carry not only the North, but several States of the
South, New York is for Ulysses S. Grant.
"Never defeated-in peace or in war-his name is the most illus-
trious borne by living man.
"His services attest his greatness, and the country-nay, the
world-know them by heart. His fame was earned not alone by
things written and said, but by the arduous greatness of things done;
and perils and emergencies will search in vain in the future, as they
have searched in vain in the past, for any other on whom the nation
leans with such confidence and trust. Never having had a policy to
enforce against the will of the people, he never betrayed a cause or a
friend, and the people will never desert or betray him. Standing on
the highest eminence of human distinction, modest, firm, simple and
self-poised, having filled all lands with his renown, he has seen not
only the high-born and the titled, but the poor and the lowly, in the
He has
uttermost ends of the earth, rise and uncover before him.
studied the needs and the defects of many systems of government;
and he has returned a better American than ever, with a wealth of

LIFE AND SERVICES.
..
755
knowledge and experience added to the hard common sense which
shone so conspicuously in all the fierce light that beat upon him dur-
ing sixteen years, the most trying, the most portentous, the most
ilous in the nation's history.
per-
"Villified and reviled, ruthlessly aspersed by unnumbered presses,
rot in other lands, but in his own, assaults upon him here seasoned
and strengthened his hold on the public heart. Calumny's ammuni-
tion has all been exploded; the powder has all been burned once-its
force is spent--and the name of Grant will glitter a bright and imper-
ishable star in the diadem of the republic when those who have tried to
tarnish it have moldered in forgotten graves; and when their memo-
ries and their epitaphs have vanished utterly.
انست و هونه
"Never elated by success, never depressed by adversity, he has
ever, in peace as in war, shown the very genius of common sense.
The terms he presented for Lee's surrender foreshadowed the wisest
prophecies and principles of true reconstruction. Victor in the great-
est war of modern times, he quickly signalized his aversion to war
and his love of peace by an arbitration of international disputes which
stands the wisest, the most majestic example of its kind in the world's
diplomacy.
“When inflation, at the height of its popularity and frenzy, had
swept both Houses of Congress, it was the veto of Grant, single and
alone, which overthrew expansion, and cleared the way for specie re-
sumption. To him, immeasurably more than to any other man, is
due the fact that every paper dollar is at last as good as gold.
"With him as our leader, we shall have no defensive campaign.
We shall have nothing to explain away. We shall have no apologies
to make. The shafts and arrows have all been aimed at him, and they
lie broken and harmless at his feet.
I
Life, liberty and property will find a safeguard in him.
he said of the colored men in Florida, 'Wherever I am, they may
When
come also,' he meant that, had he the power, the poor dwellers in the
cabins of the South should no longer be driven in terror from the
homes of their childhood and the graves of their murdered dead.
When he refused to receive Dennis Kearney in California, he meant
that communism, lawlessness and disorder, although it might stalk
high-headed and dictate law to a whole city, would always find a foe
in him. He meant that, popular or unpopular, he would hew to the
line of right, let the chips fly where they may.
756
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
"
"His integrity, his common sense, his courage, his unequaled ex-
perience, are the qualities offered to his country. The only argument
-the only one-that the wit of man or the stress of politics has de-
vised is one which would dumbfounder Solomon, because Solomon
thought there was nothing new under the sun. Having tried Grant
twice and found him faithful, we are told that we must not, even after
an interval of years, trust him again. My countrymen! my country-
men! what stultification does such a fallacy involve. The American
people exclude Jefferson Davis from public trust. Why? Because
he was the arch-traitor and would-be destroyer. And now the same
people is asked to ostracise Grant, and not to trust him. Why?
Why? I repeat. Because he was the arch-preserver of his country,
and because, not only in war, but twice as Civil Magistrate, he gave
his highest, noblest efforts to the republic. Is this an electioneering
juggle, or is it hypocrisy's masquerade? There is no field of human
activity, responsibility or reason in which rational beings object to an
agent because he has been weighed in the balance and not found
wanting. There is, I say, no department of human reason in which
sane men reject an agent because he has had experience, making him
exceptionally competent and fit. From the man who shoes your
horse to the lawyer who tries your cause, the officer who manages
your railway or your mill, the doctor into whose hands you give your
life, or the minister who seeks to save your soul-what man do you
reject because by his works you have known him, and found him
faithful and fit?
"What makes the presidential office an exception to all things
else in the common sense to be applied to selecting its incumbent?
Who dares to put fetters on that free choice and judgment which is
the birthright of the American people? Can it be said that Grant
has used official power and place to perpetuate his term? He has
no place, and official power has not been used for him. Without pa-
tronage, without emissaries, without committees, without bureaux,
without telegraph wires running from his house or from the seats of
influence to this convention, without appliances, without electioneer-
ing contrivances, without effort on his part, Grant's name is on his
country's lips. He is struck at by the whole Democratic party
because his nomination is the death-blow of Democratic success.
He is struck at by others, who find an offense and disqualification in
the very services he has rendered, and the very experience he has
LIFE AND SERVICES.
757
gained. Show me a better man. Name one and I am answered.
But do not point as a disqualification to the very experience which
makes this man fit beyond all others.
"There is no 'third term' in the case, and the pretense will die
with the political dog-days that gendered it. One week after the,
Democratic convention we shall have heard the last of this rubbish
about a 'third term.' Nobody now is really disquieted about a
third term except those hopelessly longing for a first term, and their
dupes and coadjutors. Without effort or intrigue on his part, he is
the candidate whose friends have never threatened to bolt, unless
this convention did as they said. He is a Republican who never
wavers. He and his friends stand by the creed and the candidates of
the Republican party. They hold the rightful rule of the majority
as the very essence of their faith, and they mean to uphold that
faith against not only the common enemy, but against the charlatans,
jayhawkers, tramps and guerillas who deploy between the lines, and
forage, now on one side and then on the other. This convention is
master of a supreme opportunity. It cau name the next president
of the United States. It can make sure of his election; it can
make sure not only of his election, but of his certain and peaceful
inauguration.
"It can assure a Republican majority in the Senate and the House
of Representatives. More than all, it can break that power which
dominates and mildews the South. It can overthrow an organization
whose very existence is a standing protest against progress.
"The purpose of the Democratic party is spoils. Its very hope
and existence is a solid South. Its success is a menace to order and
prosperity. This convention can overthrow and disintegrate these
hurtful forces. It can dissolve and emancipate a distracted 'solid
South.' It can speed the nation in a career of grandeur eclipsing all
past achievements.
"Gentlemen, we have only to listen above the din and look beyond
the dust of an hour, to behold the Republican party advancing, with
its ensigns resplendent with illustrious achievement, marching to
certain and lasting victory, with its greatest marshal at its head."
H
The following is General Grant's painful story of his deception
*
758
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
by Ward, and the methods that brought financial disaster to those
who were associated with the rascally banker. The testimony as
given is from a private dispatch to the Philadelphia Press, of March
28, 1885:
"NEW YORK, March 27.—The testimony of General Grant, taken
in his house yesterday by James H. Fish, the official stenographer of
the court in which the trial of ex-President Fish, of the Marine
Bank, is proceeding, was read to-day in court.
"In answer to questions by Mr. Clark, General Grant said that
he supposed he was a member of the firm of Grant & Ward, as the
books showed him such, though up to the time of the failure he sup-
posed that he was simply a special partner. His connection dated
from about November 1, 1880. He then paid in $50,000 and shortly
after $50,000 more, though he did not recall the date. That was all
he had paid in.
(C NO SUSPICION OF RASCALITY.
"On the 4th of May, 18S4, General Grant supposed he was
worthwell on to a million.' He could not recall whether he knew
James D. Fish before the copartnership or not. I had no suspicion
of any rascality, and, therefore, there was nothing to confine my
mind to any such dates.'
"When asked through whose introduction he became acquainted
with Fish, General Grant said:
"I suppose it was by my son and Mr. Ward. I suppose if you
should go clear back that it was my son who got acquainted with
Mr. Ferdinand Ward through Mr. Ward's brother, and that the
acquaintance was led on to in that way. The man was supposed, so
far as I ever knew, to be a reputable banker until after the fail-
ure, and it was not astonishing that a person should make his
acquaintance.'
"General Grant said he had a dim recollection of receiving a
letter from Fish while living at Long Branch. It might have been
the letter of July 6, 1883. He did not know where the letter was.
'I suppose,' said he, 'Mr. Ward took very good pains that I should
not have it. I don't suppose that I ever saw the one that was
published.'
"The General recalled answering the letter, and saying that he
believed the matter the firm was engaged in was all right, or some-
-
LIFE AND SERVICES.
759
..
-is
thing like that. He had no recollection as to what became of the
letter, and did not believe it was the one published. He had searched
in vain for the letter.
((
i
"LETTERS IN HIS SIDE POCKET.
"I have never been in the habit of preserving private letters, and
if I was to try I suppose I should make a poor record. My business
in life has been such that somebody else has always taken care of
letters that had to be saved, and the only way that I have now of
preserving a letter that I wish to preserve until I do something with
it is to put it in my side coat pocket, or put it in the drawer where I
write, and then when I want to look for a letter it is about the last
one I find.'
"The deponent identified a letter shown him as being in his own
hand-writing. It was dated July 6, 1882, and addressed to Mr. Fish.
It referred to a letter received from Mr. Fish the day before, but
General Grant did not recall whether or not the letter referred to had
been shown to him by Ferdinand Ward. Mr. Ward transacted all
the business, and General Grant supposed that Ward brought the
other letter to him, got the answer, and delivered it to Mr. Fish.
"General Grant volunteered the information that at the time he
went into the firm he had a very small income, saved for him by his
son during his trip around the world. His son proposed to let him
have a half interest in the firm, so that the General should have an
income to live upon. Afterward an income was raised for him, and
the firm generously, as he then thought, concluded to let him in as
a half partner, and, later, as a whole partner, special, not general.
"In answer to a question of Mr. Root, counsel for the govern-
ment, as to the time at which he was accustomed to reach his office
when staying at Long Branch in the summer of 1882, General Grant
said he had forgotten the exact time of leaving Long Branch in the
morning, but he usually reached the office about 10 A. M.
SUSPICIONS OF GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS.
"The deponent recalled no reference to government contracts in
Mr. Fish's letter, to which the letter just identified was an answer. 'I
had told Mr. Ward, when it was mentioned, that there must never be
any government contracts there. There is nothing wrong in being
:
..w
760
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
engaged in government contracts more than in anything else unless
made wrong by the acts of the individual, but I had been President of
the United States, and I did not think it was suitable for me to have
my name connected with government contracts, and I knew that there
was no large profit in them, except by dishonest measures. There
are some men who got government contracts year in and year out,
and whether they managed their affairs dishonestly or not, to make a
profit, they are sometimes supposed to, and I did not think it was any
place for me.'
"In answer to a further question, General Grant said that, had he
found any reference to government contracts in the letter, he would
have stopped, but, as a matter of fact, he might never have seen that
letter, as Ward might simply have given him a statement of its
contents."
"WARD'S METHODS.
"The deponent knew Ward to be a director of the Marine Bank,
and to be there a great deal, but suspected nothing wrong. He knew
of but one government contract in which Ward professed to be in-
terested, and in that case, Ward said that he had just bought 350,000
bushels of oats, and that there was a further large quantity to be pur.
chased, all for delivery to a third party, who had the contract. Gen-
eral Grant saw nothing wrong in this, as the firm had not taken the
Government contract. Afterward he began to fear. It was near the
failure, and there were whispers that Grant & Ward had Government
contracts. He questioned Ward, and the latter said that he was not
going to do anything that would injure the General, or anything that
the General requested him not to do. He denied that he had contracts
anywhere. He intimated that his acquaintance with city officers en-
abled him to get municipal contracts, and General Grant told him
he saw no great difference between city and government contracts.
Ward then said that he never had a contract with either the City
of New York, or the Government of the United States.
"Ward illustrated the nature of his contracts, by citing the case of
a man having a contract for a section of railroad connecting Pitts-
burg with the Reading system. The contractor, being unable to ob
tain horses, supplies, and the like, came to Grant & Ward for money
with which prosecute this contract. When General Grant had
objected to such transaction as unsafe, Ward had replied that the


LIFE AND SERVICES.
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666
firm kept the contract in its possession, and the money was all paid
into the firm's office. General Grant supposed Ward was more of a
business man than he, and accepted the explanation.
'Mr. Fish had never questioned him about government contracts,
and General Grant would have repudiated them, had he done so.
Fish did not consult with him about Grant & Ward's affairs after
July 5, 1882. Sometime in the winter of 1883, General Grant, Mr.
Fish, Colonel Grant, Mi. Ward, James R. Smith, Mayor Edson, City
Comptroller J. Nelson Tappan, and Treasurer Spencer, of the rail-
road, were four days together in a special car, in Western Pennsyl-
vania, but Mr. Fish did not speak of business, though they spoke of
Ward, and agreed that he was a man of great energy and ability.
Fish said, that he had never in his life before got anything so good.
(( HE LOST PROFITS AND ALL,
"When asked whether he had drawn from the firm the profits he
was led to suppose had been made, General Grant said: 'No, I did
not. I left them with the concern, and everything that I had beside,
and I haven't got it out. I had some little items, bnt I don't know
what amount, that were purchased, some of them for me, with the
money of the firm that were profits of the firm; they never were
pu chased, but then they were supposed to be, and I was charged
with the purchase of them.'
“He drew from the firm at the rate of $2,000 per month in 1883,
and $3,000 per month in the early part of 1SS4, up to the failure.
That was the limit of his drafts.
Everything that I had in the world went,' said General Grant.
'Ward came up here on Sunday night before the failure, and asked
me to go down with him to see Mr. Newcomb, to see if he couldn't
get $150,000 from him; that he had himself raised $230,000, and if
he could raise $150,000 more, it would carry The Marine Bank
through; that we had $660,0co in the Marine Bank, besides $1,300,-
000 of securities in our vaults; that we should be inconvenienced
very much if we couldn't carry the bank through, and he said that the
Marine Bank was all sound and solid, if it had time to collect in, or
draw in a little of its time loans, and I went down there with him,
and Mr. Newcomb was not at home, and he asked me if I knew Wm.
H. Vanderbilt well enough to ask him, and I, after some little hesita-
tion, said I did, and Mr. Vanderbilt loaned it to me without hesitation

752
!
ĠENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
at all. He said at the time he gave it to me, that he was lending this
to me, and that he had no recollection of ever having done such a
thing before, but that he would do it for me. Well, that has taken all
the remaining property that I had.'
"Ward said nothing of the firm's indebtedness to the bank. He
said the firm had seven hundred and odd thousand in the bank, and so
the books of Grant & Ward showed. Mr. Fish had expressed no
distrust of Ward in the spring of 1884. General Grant was sorry to
say that he had not the slightest distrust of Ward the night before the
failure, and his son, U. S. Grant, Jr., after the failure, said that Ward
would come out all right. He had such friendship for Ward's brother
William, that he did not believe Ferdinand could do a dishonest act.
It took the General a day or two to realize that Ward had acted so
He had never heard of Mr. Fish's apprehension that Ward had run
away a week before the failure. He understood from Ward, the Sun-
day before the failure, that the firm had $750,000 in cash in the bank.
Ward was in the habit of making statements as to their business, but
General Grant could recall no recent statements, except that Ward
would show certain calculations, and name the profits figured up.
General Grant looked at them later, and his recollection was that they
showed the nature of the profits. He had none of those statements
in his possession. He never read one of them until after the failure.
They showed from month to month the profits of the firm.
"Ex-President Fish, of the Marine Bank, was examined prior to
the reading of General Grant's deposition, and he explained his rela-
tions with Ward, in their earlier transactions. Several letters from
Ward to Fish were read, in one of which, Ward spoke of expected
advantages of his acquaintance with Grant, and apparently depre
cated some expression of distrust by Mr. Fish.
I
It having been repeatedly stated that the Trust fund raised by the
admirers of General Grant, as mentioned in Chapter XXXIX, was
unsafe, and that the General or his heirs would not long receive an
income from it, the following letter from Mr. Henry Day to the
editor of the New York Tribune will no doubt set at rest the fears of
all such, as Mr. Day undoubtedly believes it to be perfectly safe, and
that it will suffer no loss.
I
LIFE AND SERVICES.
763
!
To the Editor of The Tribune:
SIR-Your editorial remarks of the 12th inst. on my statements
as an executor of Governor Morgan in regard to the Grant fund may
give a wrong impression of the views and intentions of the trustees
in respect to the guarantee of the fund by Governor Morgan. I
stated in the interview the only possible contingency which could in
any manner affect the complete guarantee of the principal and inter-
est on the fund. It would not be proper for the trustees under Gov-
ernor Morgan's will to state publicly what course they would pursue
in a future contingency which might arise affecting the interests of a
large number of persons, residuary legatees under the will. The
rights of such legatees must be determined by law, and not by opin-
ions or wishes of the trustees. But it is proper to repel the insinua-
tions of your article, if any such were intended, that the executors
might possibly resort to a "legal quibble" for the purpose of " escap-
ing a liability which their testator has imposed upon them." The
Tribune has no right to suggest such a possibility after the statement
I made to your reporter that I considered the guarantee a perfectly
legal obligation, that "even if any flaw could be found in the guaran-
tee from a legal point of view under no circumstances would the exec-
utors repudiate Governor Morgan's written promise, which he him-
self regarded as a sacred obligation," and that they had asked and
obtained the "order of the Surrogate that they should hold the
residuary estate subject to this lien of the Grant fund."
Could the executors do or say more to allay all fears in regard to
the safety of the fund? You say
You say in your editorial : "Would it not
be gratifying to him (General Grant) and the nation which watches
his death-struggls with sincere sorrow to have the assurance that the
money which the people contributed as an honorable competence for
him and his family is beyond all danger from the fluctuations in the
stock market?"

If it can be any confort to General Grant in these last hours of
his life, or any gratification to his family in this impending sorrow, or
to the nation which watches with solicitude the last battle of their
great hero, if the executors can add to the assurances above given, I
will say in the name of the executors of Governor Morgan, that all
they can do to carry out the guarantee of Governor Morgan in its
broadest and most equitable construction and to the fullest extent of
their powers, and in the same spirit and to the same effect as Governor

764
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
Morgan himself would have done if alive, will he done by them; and,
furthermore, that as a matter of opinion the executors believe that the
fund is perfectly safe, and that under no contingency can it suffer loss
and that it is, as it ought to be, one of the best secured trust funds in
the United States.
HENRY DAY.
New York, April 22, 1885.
J
The removing of the relics, medals, swords and tokens of honor,
belonging to General Grant, from his residence was made on June
II, 1885, when they were surrendered to Colonel R. N. Batchelder
of the War Department. It will be remembered that these relics
were offered to and accepted by Wm. H. Vanderbilt in payment of
his loan of $150,000 to General Grant, and given by him to Mrs.
Grant in trust, to be turned over to the Government at some future
time. This pathetic list of memorials was prepared by Colonel Fred
D. Grant, and was as follows:
Mexican onyx cabinet, presented to General Grant by the people
of Pueblo, Mexico,
Aerolite, part of which passed over Mexico in 1871.
Bronze vases presented to General Grant by the people of Yoko-
hama, Japan.
Marble bust on pedestal, presented by working men of Phila-
delphia,
Large elephant tusks, presented by the King of Siam.
Small elephant tusks, presented by the Maharajah of Joharie.
Picture of General Scott, by Page, presented by gentlemen of New
York.
Crackleware bowls (very old) presented by Prince Kaon of
Cloisonne jars (old), presented by Li-Hung-Chang of China.
Chinese porcelain jars (old), presented by Prince Kaon of China.
Arabian Bible.

China.
Coptic Bible, presented by Lord Napier, who captured it from
King Theodore of Abyssinia.
Sporting rifle.
Sword of Donelson, presented to General Grant after the fall of
LIFE AND SERVICES.
763
Fort Donelson by officers of the army and used by him to the end of
the war.
New York sword, voted to General Grant at a New York fair.
Roman mug and pitcher.
Silver menu and card, farewell dinner of San Francisco, Cal.
Silver menu of Paris dinner.
Horn and silver snuff box.
Silver match-box used by General Grant.
Gold table, modeled after the table in Mr. McLean's house, on
which General R. E, Lee signed the articles of surrender, and pre-
sented to General Grant by ex-Confederate soldiers.
Gold cigar cases from the celestial and second Kings of Siam.
Gold-handled knife, presented by the miners of Idaho Territory.
Silver trowel, used by General Grant in laying the corner-stone of
the Museum of Natural History, New York.
Knife made at Sheffield for General Grant.
General Grant's gold pen.
Embroidered picture (cock and hen), presented by citizens of
Japan.
Field-glasses used by General Grant during the war,
Iron-headed cane made from the Rebel ram Merrimac,
Silver-headed cane from wood used in defense of Fort Sumter.
Gold-headed cane made out of wood from old Fort Duquesne,
Pennsylvania.
Gold-headed cane presented in token of General Grant's humanity
during the war.
Gold-headed cane used by Lafayette and presented by the ladies of
Baltimore.
Carved wood cane from estate of Sir Walter Scott.
Uniform as General of the United States army.
Fifteen buttons cut from coats during the war by Mrs, Grant after
various battles.
Hat ornaments used at Belmont and Fort Donelson.
Shoulder straps (Brigadier-General), worn by General Grant at
Belmont, Fort Donelson, and Shiloh, and straps of Lieutenant-General,
cnt from the coat used by General Grant in the campaigns against
Richmond, Petersburg, and Lee's army.
Medal (gold) from the American Congress for opening the Mis-
sissippi.
766
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
Gold medal from Philadelphia.
Forty-five medals in gold, silver, and bronze.
Silk papers printed for General Grant.
Collection of coins, Japanese. This is the only complete set,
except one in the Japanese Treasury. Seven of these prices cost.
$5,000. Presented by the government of Japan.
Warrant as cadet at West Point and army commissions from
Brevet Second Lieutenant to that of General of the Uniied States
army.
Papers and mementoes, comprising addresses, honorary society
commissions, and resolutions of respect, as well as the freedom of
cities presented abroad.
K
From the time that the General's voice began to fail, as previously
mentioned, up to the time of his death, he communicated with his
attending physician very freely by written tablets. These are of in-
tense interest; by them one can see how the distinguished patient
watched every progress of his wasting fatal malady; how hope alter-
nated with fear, and how at last he gave up the unequal struggle.
The tablets as given below were furnished by the correspondent of
the Albany Evening Journal:
I shall have to be careful about my writing. I see every person I
give a piece of paper to puts it in his pocket. Some day they will be
coming up against my English.
It was General Grant's style to read up books concerning the his-
tory of the War and the records of the Rebellion very closely and
carefully, and then to sit down and write for hours at a stretch on his
memoirs. The 23d of June, at 5:30 P. M., he wrote the following
page:
I said I had been adding to my book and to my coffin. I presume
every strain on the mind or body is one more nail in the coffin.
**
The 27th of June, at 10 A. M., the General wrote:
I don't talk because my mouth is easy, and I want to keep it so as
long as possible. If I should get up now, I would probably go to
work preparing something for reading up.
The same day he wrote a tablet saying that he
work, despite what he had said in the morning.
o'clock in the afternoon:
had still been at
He wrote at 4
:

LIFE AND SERVICES.
767
I wrote four pages; I tore it off, and have it; I must read up before
I can write properly.
Most of the tablets-all of them, with a few exceptions, in fact-
refer to the symptoms of the disease that was eating into his vitals.
By following the tablets from the time the General arrived at Mount
MacGregor until the closing of his life one obtains a very fair idea of
the insidious, deceptive course of the dead'y cancer. The 29th of
June, at 3 P. M., it was raining, but the General wrote the following
tablet:
I have had a very restful day. I hope, however, we will have a
pleasant day outside to-morrow.
Within an hour he began to experience a change, for at 4 o'clock
he wrote:
This is always the trouble. No matter how well I get along the
balance of the twenty-four hours, when the middle of the afternoon
comes I begin to feel stuffy, stopped up, and generally uncomfort-
able.
The 30th of June the General wrote the following:
The atmosphere here enables me to live in comparative comfort
while I am being treated, or while nature is taking its course with
my disease. I have no idea that I should have been able to come
here now if I had remained in the city. It is doubtful whether I
would have been alive. Now, I would be much better able to move
back than I was to come up at the time I did.
U. S. GRANT.
The General objected to stimulants. The 1st of July he expressed
the wish to have the wine discontinued, and wrote as follows:
I have not taken any wine in six days.
don't think alcoholic drinks agree with me.
up and have no other effect.
So far as I have tried, I
They seem to heat me
The 2d of July at 2 P. M. the General wrote this interesting tablet:
I have had no rest since you left here. Think I feel more like
work than any time since I have been here. I will try to rest a little.
however. I have worked and feel a little weak from it, but I cannot
sleep. From 7 this morning I have dozed off a few times, but not
half an hour in the aggregate. I have been writing upon my views
of some of our Generals and of the character of Lincoln and Stan-
ton. I don't place Stanton as high as some people do. Mr. Lincoln
cannot be exalted too highly.
One of the peculiarities of cancer patients is that they have periods
of great despondency. General Grant had these periods, and July 3
he wrote as follows:
There are times when I could not recover if left to myself. What
Jos
GENERAL U. S GRANT'S
2
is to be my fate to-night, doctor? Will I have to lie awake, making
it a study how to get a breath? It is about as much as I could stand
to go through another night.
To indicate how hope and fear alternated with General Grant we
append two tablets. July 4 ai 7 P. M. he wrote:
I have been getting along very well to-day. There is a growing
weakness, however.
July 5, at 10:30 A. M., he wrote:
I think I am not so weak as I was at this time yesterday.
July 6, at 11 o'clock at night, he wrote this question to the doctor:
Is the hotel pretty full now?
The following was written July 7:
AtII P. M. he wrote to the doctor about the use of cocaine and said:
I may have to use cocaine. If I do I will take the liberty of wak.
ing you up to administer it.
The thoughtfulness of the General in expressing himself in mak-
ing his wants known, is disclosed by this last tablet.
He was very
anxious at all times not to disturb the physician more than was
necessary.
July 8, at 11 o'clock in the morning, the General wrote:
I feel pretty well, but get sleepy sitting in the air.
an hour's nap. Do you want me to go in the house?
and well now, for the time at least, as I ever will be.
Soon after this he wrote:
I took a half
I am as bright
I believe I will go in, after all.
The visit of the Mexican editors, July 8, tired him very much, and
at 7 P. M. he wrote:
I must avoid such afternoons as this. All that fatigued me very
much. I will take dinner and get to bed while you are at your dinner.
Cocaine afforded him much relief. July 9 he wrote:
I got a very considerable amount of rest. That last cocaine did
me a power of good. The water I wanted very much, and it gave
me an easy relief, with free breath and brief rest.
The same day, at 1 o'clock in the afternoon:
Until just now
I have been sitting up ever since about 9 o'clock.
I have not been drowsy all that time. I feel very much better than
for some time. I walked about this morning with ease and pleasure
At 3 P. M.:
I have rested finely and slept a little since you were here. Now is
the time when my mouth begins to fill up, and I don't feel quite as
pleasant. It had commenced just as you came in a few minutes.

LIFE AND SERVICES.
769
Half an hour later:
For about three times after I had used the cocaine, to-day, I would
lay back in the delightful absence from pain, and even slept some.
At 11 o'clock, the last tablet of the day:
I have had a very fine rest to-day, without so much sleep as to in-
terfere with a good night's rest from now on. I may not get it, but
hope I will. My swallowing is growing more difficult.
The 10 h of July, one day less than a fortnight before General
Grant died, he wrote:
→
"Buck" has brought up the last of the first volume in print. In
two weeks if they work hard they can have the second volume copied
ready to go to the printer. I will then feel that my work is done.
Alas! before the two weeks had expired the old soldier's work was
done.
About this time General Grant began to experience greater diffi-
culty in swallowing. The 10th of July, at 11:50 A. M., he wrote:
I shall have to reduce my food very materially in order to be able
to do anything much longer. It is quite hard to swallow anything
after the first half tumbler,
The same day, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, he wrote as follows:
Doctor, I am glad to see you. I didn't know that you had come in.
I don t see how I am to avoid the use of cocaine. It would relieve
me very much.
As early as 7:45 o'clock the morning of July 11 General Grant was
writing to his doctor:
I woke up feeling perfectly fresh, as if I had had a good night's
natural sleep. My breath is less obstructed than usual at the same
time of the day, and the head less filled up. In fact, my breath is
not obstructed in the least. I have used no cocaine during the night,
nor do I require any yet,
It was a peculiarity of General Grant always to be considerate of
those about him. This is made clear by the following tablet, which
he wrote at 1 o'clock in the morning of the 12th of July:
Not sleeping does not disturb me, because I have had so much
sleep; and then I have been comparatively free from pain. I know a
sick person cannot feel just as he would like all the time, but I think
it a duty to let the physician know from time to time just my feel-
ings, as it may benefit some other fellow-sufferer hereafter.
On the same night the General's nurse, Henry, gave Dr. Douglass
a tablet which directed him to wake the Doctor, and advise with him
whether anything should be done. The tablet adds:
I feel very well, but have nearly a constant hiccough. Whether
this indicates anything or not I do not know, but it is inconvenient.

770
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
th
The patient may not have known that this symptom signified the
commencement of his last decline.
General Grant wrote at all hours of the day and night. For in-
stance, at 4 o'clock on the morning of July 12:
I notice that your little girls and Julia (his granddaughier) get
along very happily together with their swing, lawn-tennis and nice
shade. They seem very happy.
About the same hour he wrote:
I have not slept probably two hours since 4 o'clock yesterday. Ly-
ing down as I do all the time I get all the sleep in the aggregate that
is necessary.
For the last twenty-four hours I have suffered less pain on the
whole than usual. I have felt more pain than is real, because I have
not been able to go out. Just now I feel quite strong, waiting until I
get drowsy. I would probably feel weak if I had to make any great
exertion. It is a question of avoiding nervousness and restlessness.
These I have been free from. The trouble has been more from pain
and the accumulation of mucus in the mouth and throat.
At 8 o'clock the morning of the same day he wrote:
My not eating so much has helped me very much.
As you say,
the difficulty about articulation comes from the sore upon inside of
the cheek.
July 16 Gen. Grant wrote a tablet, in which he said:
I feel sore of the prospect of living through the summer and fall in
the condition I am in. I don't think I can, but I may. Except that
I don't gather strength, I feel quite as well as I have been heretofore,
but I am satisfied that I am losing strength. I feel it more in the in-
ability to move about than in any other way, or rather in the lack of
desire to try to move.
About July 16 a weakness of the stomach was indicated, and the
18th he wrote:
If I could recover the tone of my stomach I think I would pick up.
At this time a looseness of the bowels became apparent. At 10
o'clock in the morning he wrote:
I have been very wide awake, but comparatively free from pain. I
Did any one go
was just about getting up to walk about the room.
for you? I didn't send.
At 10 o'clock at night he wrote the following:
Not feeling sleepy. Have been thinking of the propriety of taking
If I could recover the tone of my stomach I would like it.
food.
The 19th the General felt very tired, and at 2 o'clock in the morn-
ing began to be restless. The doctor suggested a change of position,
and the General wrote:
.
0
}


LIFE AND SERVICES.
771
{
Do you not think it advisable for me to rest as a tailor does when he is.
standing up?
With the loss of vitality the malignant pains about the seat of the disease
appeared to diminish, and the General was deceived as to his condition,
for he wrote the 19th of July :
I think I am better this evening than for some time back.
The sore
places in my mouth do not seem to be spreading. On the other hand, I
don't see that any of them are particularly on the road to recovery.
At 9:45 P.M. the same day, he wrote:
What time have you doctor? I have been resting so easily, I would not
have been surprised to hear it was II o'clock. Henry tells me it is only
a little after 9.
July 20 at 7 A.M. he thought he was better, and wrote:
My rest for the night was better than the average. I am satisfied I
shall have to give up coffee. It is distasteful, too, and harder to take than
anything that goes into my mouth. I feel weak and feverish after my
coffee for a long time, and have an insatiable desire to drink water. It has
been a half-hour since drinking coffee, and I have an immoderate desire to
drink cold water yet.
At 2 o'clock A. M. he had written:
In making a summary of the progress of the disease the 19th of July I
said that the sores in the mouth were still there. This was hardly correct.
The palate is about well and along the tongue considerably improved.
The General's mind did not weaken until almost the last hour. The
day before he died he wrote :
The following remarkable document.
Douglass on Thursday, July 2:
I don't think I slept the last time because of the medicine which put me
to sleep the first and the second times.
He had taken the medicine but once.
was handed
Dr.
I ask you not to show this to any one, unless the physicians you consult
with, until the end. Particularly I want it kept from my family. If
known to one man the papers will get it, and they (the family) will get
it. It would only distress them almost beyond endurance to know it, and,
by reflex, would distress me. I have not changed my mind materially
since I wrote you before in the same strain; now, however, I know that I
gain strength some days, but when I do go back, it is beyond where I
started to improve. I think the chances are very decidedly in favor of your
being able to keep me alive until the change of weather, toward winter.

772
GENERAL U. S. GRANT'S
Of course there contingencies that might arise at any time that mig.
carry me off very suddenly. The most probable of these is choking..
Under the circumstances, life is not worth the living. I am very thankfui
[for thankful, glad was written, but scratched out and thankful substituted]
to have been spared this long, because it has enabled me to practicially,
complete the work in which I take so much in erest. I cannot stir up
strength enough to review it and make additions and substitutions that
would suggest themselves to me, and are not likely to suggest themselves to
anyone else. Un ler the above circum tances, I will be the happiest the
most pain I can avoid. If there is to be any extraordinary cure, such as
some people believe there is to be, it will develop itself. I would say,
therefore, to you and your colleagues, to make me as comfortable as you
can. If it is within God's providence that I should go now I am ready to
obey His call without a murmur. I should prefer to go now to enduring
my present suffering for a single day without hope of recovery. As I
have s'at. d, I am thankful for the Providential extension of my time to
enable me to continue my work. I am further thankful, and in a much
greater degree thankful, because it has enabled me to see for myself the
happy harmony which so suddenly sprung up between those engaged but
a few short years ago in deadly conflict. It has been an inestimable
blessing to me to hear the kind expressions toward me in person from all
points of our country, from people of all nationalities, of all religions; of
Couf. derates and of National troops alike; of soldiers' organizations; of
mechanical, scientific, religious, and other societies, embracing almost
every citizen in the land. They have brought joy to my heart, if they
have not effected a cure, so to you and your colleagues I acknowledge my
indebtedness for having brought me through the valley of the shadow of
death to enable me to witness these things.
MOUNT MACGREGOR, N. Y., July 2, 1885.
AUG 2 4 1920
!
U. S. GRANT.

};








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