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EGYPTIAN TALES O §§ºlſ §§§ lº É ſº §§ sº ~ º Tº . . . :S §wº §§ ###$º Bºº fºr tº *-**: § Bºr-->iº ~~~~ ºr. > -º tºº ãºãº ºff: É gºtº º tº tº: º-º: sº tº § &=& Šišiºğ * , S: Eğ º § º =#$ºsº, EEſº - ãº. g. EE º: EGYPTIAN TALES TRANSLATED FROM THE PAPYRI FIRST SERIES IVth TO XIIth DYNASTY 4 v. tº º }} w. M. FLINDERS PETRIE, Hon. D.C.L. EDWARDS PROFESSoR of EC YPToloGY, UNIVERSITY EDITED BY CoLLEGE, LONDON ILLUSTRATED BY TRISTRAM ELLIS METHUEN & CO. 36 ESSEX STREET, STRAND LONDON 1895 % - * : - « . 2 & 2 7 / CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TALES OF THE MAGICIANS= KHAFRA's TALE BAUFRA's TALE HoRDEDEF’s TALE REMARKS THE PEASANT AND THE WORKMAN Rewarks THE SHIPw RECKED SAILOR REMARKS THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT REMARKS INDEx PA43E I O I6 22 SQ3, 18 F4'ſ eg LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Frontispiece THE STEWARD AND THE WAX CROCODILE ZAZAMANKH FINDING THE JEWEL . HORDE DEF LEADING D EDI TO THE SHIP DEDI ENCHANTING THE DUCK THE GOD DESSES AND KHNU MU COMING TO RA-USER . . * tº THE GOD D ESSES HIDING THE CROWNS te THE HANDMAID LISTENING TO THE FESTIVITY IN THE SEK HET H E MAT THE TRESPASS THE BEATING OF THE SEKHTI GOING TO WAWAT I 3 I9 23 29 35 39 43 6 I 63 7 I 8 I viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS THE INQUIRY BRETHREN AND CHILDREN THE FAREWELL THE FLIGHT . THE CROSSING THE RESCUE SANEHAT ME ETING THE TE NU THE COMBAT . EGYPTIAN MESSENGERS ARRIVING THE SONG OF THE PRINCESSES THE SHAVING OF SANEHAT PAGE 88 9I 99 I OO IOI Ioé IO9 II 3 I 23 I 26 INTRODUCTION T is strange that while literature occupies so much attention as at present, and while fiction is the largest division of our book-work, the oldest literature and fiction of the world should yet have remained unpresented to English readers. The tales of ancient Egypt have appeared collectively only in French, in the charming volume of Maspero’s “Contes Populaires”; while Some have been translated into English at scattered times in volumes of the “Records of the Past.” But research moves forward ; and translations that were excellent twenty years ago may now be largely improved, as we attain more insight into the language. 2. I 2. INTRODUCTION For another reason also there is a wide ground for the present volume. In no case have any illustrations been attempted, to give that basis for imagination which is all the more needed when reading of an age and a land unfamiliar to our ideas. When following a narrative, whether of real events or of fiction, many persons—perhaps most— find themselves unconsciously framing in their minds the scenery and the beings of which they are reading. To give a correct picture of the character of each of the various ages to which these tales belong, has been the aim of the present illustrations. A definite period has been assigned to each tale, in accordance with the indications, or the history, involved in it ; and, so far as Our present knowledge goes, all the details of life in the scenes here illustrated are rendered in accord with the period of the story. To some purely scholastic minds it may seem presumptuous to intermingle transla– tions of notable documents with fanciful INTRODUCTION 3 illustrations. But, considering the greater precision with which in recent years we have been able to learn the changes and the fashions of ancient life in Egypt, and the essentially unhistorical nature of most of these tales, there seems ample reason to provide such material for the reader's imagination in following the stories; it may give them more life and reality, and may emphasise the differences which existed between the different periods to which these tales refer. It will be noticed how the growth of the novel is shadowed out in the varied grounds and treatment of the tales. The earliest is purely a collection of marvels or fabulous incidents of the simplest kind. Then we advance to contrasts between town and country, between Egypt and foreign lands. Then personal adventure, and the interest in schemes and successes, becomes the staple material; while only in the later periods does character come in as the groundwork. The 4. INTRODUCTION same may be seen in English literature— first the tales of wonders and Strange lands, then the novel of adventure, and lastly the novel of character. In translating these documents into English I have freely used the various translations already published in other languages; but in all cases more or less revision and retransla- tion from the original has been made. In this matter I am indebted to Mr. F. Ll. Griffith, who has in some cases—as in Anpu and Bata—almost entirely retranslated the original papyrus. The material followed in each instance will be found stated in the notes accompanying the tales. As to the actual phraseology, I am alone responsible for that. How far original idiom should be retained in any translation is always a debated question, and must entirely depend on the object in view. Here the purpose of render- ing the work intelligible to ordinary readers required the modifying of some idioms and the paraphrasing of others. But so far INTRODUCTION 5 as possible the style and tone of the original has been preserved, and whatever could be easily followed has been left to speak for itself. In many plainnesses of speech the old Egyptian resembled the modern Oriental, or our own forefathers, more than ourselves in this age of Squeamishness as yet un- paralleled in the world. To avoid offence a few little modifications of words have been made ; but rather than give a false impres– sion by tampering with any of the narrative, I have omitted the sequel of the last tale and given only an outline of it. The diction adopted has been the oldest that could be used without affectation when dealing with the early times. It has been purposely modified in the later tales ; and in the last —which is of Ptolemaic authorship – a modern style has been followed as more compatible with the later tone of the narra- tive. For the illustrations Mr. Tristram Ellis's familiarity with Egypt has been of good 6 INTRODUCTION account in his life-like scenes here used. For each drawing I have searched for the material among the monuments and remains of the age in question. The details of the dresses, the architecture, and the utensils, are all in accord with the period of each tale. In the tale of Setnau two different styles are introduced. Ahura is probably of the time of Amenhotep III., whereas Setnau is a son of Ramessu II. ; and the change of fashion between the two different dynasties has been followed as distinctive of the two persons, one a ka or double of the deceased, the other a living man. To the reader who starts with the current idea that all Egyptians were alike, this continual change from one period to another may seem almost fanciful. But it rests on such certain authority that we may hope that this little volume may have its use as an object-lesson in practical archaeology. The use and abuse of notes is a matter of dispute. To be constantly interrupted in INTRODUCTION 7 reading by some needless and elementary explanation is an impertinence both to the author and the reader : the one cannot resent it, the other therefore resents it for both. But what is to be deemed needless entirely depends on the reader : I have been asked in what country Pompei is, as it is not in the English Gazetteer. Rather than intrude, then, on the reader when he is in high discourse with the ancients, I humbly set up my interpreter's booth next door ; and if he cares to call in, and ask about any difficulties, I shall be glad to help him if I can. Not even numbers are intruded to refer to notes; for how often an eager reader has been led off his trail, and turned blithely to refer to 37 or 186 only to find, “See J. Z. xxxviii. 377,” at which he gnashed his teeth and cursed such interrup- tions. So those to whom the original tales are obscure are humbly requested to try for Some profit from the remarks after them, that have been gleaned by the translator. 8 INTRODUCTION Much might be said by a “folk-lorist”—in proportion to his ardour. But as there are folk-lorists and folk-lorists, and the schools of Rabbi Andrew and Rabbi Joseph write different targums, I have left each to make his own commentary without prejudice. TALES OF THE MAGICIANS NE day, when King Khufu reigned O over all the land, he said to his chancellor, who stood before him, “Go call me my sons and my councillors, that I may ask of them a thing.” And his sons and his councillors came and stood before him, and he said to them, “Know ye a man who can tell me tales of the deeds of the magicians?” Then the royal son Khafra stood forth and said, “I will tell thy majesty a tale of the days of thy forefather Nebka, the blessed ; of what came to pass when he went into the temple of Ptah of Ankhtaui.” 9 I O TALES OF THE MAGICIANS KHAFRA’S TALE “His majesty was walking unto the temple of Ptah, and went unto the house of the chief reciter Uba-aner, with his train. Now when the wife of Uba-aner saw a page, among those who stood behind the king, her heart longed after him ; and she sent her servant unto him, with a present of a box full of garments. “And he came then with the servant. Now there was a lodge in the garden of Uba- aner; and one day the page said to the wife of Ubi-aner, “In the garden of Uba-aner there is now a lodge; behold, let us therein take our pleasure.' So the wife of Uba- aner sent to the steward who had charge over the garden, saying, ‘Let the lodge which is in the garden be made ready." And she remained there, and rested and drank with the page until the Sun went down. “And when the even was now come the KHAFRA’S TALE I I page went forth to bathe. And the steward said, ‘I must go and tell Uba-aner of this matter.” Now when this day was past, and another day came, then went the steward to Uba-aner, and told him of all these things. “Then said Uba—aner, ‘Bring me my casket of ebony and electrum.’ And they brought it ; and he fashioned a crocodile of wax, seven fingers long : and he enchanted it, and said, “When the page comes and bathes in my lake, seize on him.’ And he gave it to the steward, and said to him, ‘When the page shall go down into the lake to bathe, as he is daily wont to do, then throw in this crocodile behind him.’ And the steward went forth bearing the crocodile. “And the wife of Uba-aner sent to the steward who had charge over the garden, saying, ‘Let the lodge which is in the garden be made ready, for I come to tarry there.” “And the lodge was prepared with all good things ; and she came and made merry therein with the page. And when the even I 2 TALES OF THE MAGICIANS was now come, the page went forth to bathe as he was wont to do. And the steward cast in the wax crocodile after him into the water ; and, behold ! it became a great crocodile seven cubits in length, and it seized On the page. “And Uba-aner abode yet seven days with the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Nebka, the blessed, while the page was stifled in the crocodile. And after the seven days were passed, the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Nebka, the blessed, went forth, and Uba-aner went before him. “And Uba-aner said unto his majesty, ‘Will your majesty come and see this wonder that has come to pass in your days unto a page ' And the king went with Uba-aner. And Uba-aner called unto the crocodile and said, ‘Bring forth the page.’ And the croco- dile came forth from the lake with the page. Uba-aner said unto the king, ‘Behold, what- ever I command this crocodile he will do it.' And his majesty said, ‘I pray you send back | p º º º º >. J - ſº º Sº - tº $ºs bº #º º ºš R&A. º *}. - º º Rºº. º ºr ºf Sºº-jºº, | *** * * * tº: wºº º *, *:- sºlº º §: 3. # *: f - º F. C [. H. # - - - ſ — --> --- -- —- - º: ... I - --— — — . |s --- º - - - - - - -- * - *--- -- *** * - - am- -- w Zº - tº : - ... ----------ſº Fºxxxx-flºss RE Šss & ºšŠ sº E. Sºº § º º tº ºf 2. i---------. — - Tºtºss . . . . ~~ - * ~ *º ***º <=>== E=- THIE ST EVV \RL) AN ly T H E \\ .\.N. C. ROCC) I) l L.F. KHAFRA’S TALE IS this crocodile.’ And Uba-aner stooped and took up the crocodile, and it became in his hand a crocodile of wax. And then Uba- aner told the king that which had passed in his house with the page and his wife. And his majesty said unto the crocodile, ‘Take to thee thy prey. And the crocodile plunged into the lake with his prey, and no man knew whither he went. “And his majesty the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Nebka, the blessed, com- manded, and they brought forth the wife of Uba-aner to the north side of the harem, and burnt her with fire, and cast her ashes in the river “This is a wonder that came to pass in the days of thy forefather the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Nebka, of the acts of the chief reciter Uba-aner.” His majesty the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Khufu, then said, “Let there be pre- Sented to the king Nebka, the blessed, a thousand loaves, a hundred draughts of beer, I6 TALES OF THE MAGICIANS an ox, two jars of incense ; and let there be presented a loaf, a jar of beer, a jar of incense, and a piece of meat to the chief reciter Uba-aner ; for I have seen the token of his learning.” And they did all things as his majesty commanded. BAU FRA’S TALE The royal son Bau-f-ra then stood forth and spake. He said, “I will tell thy majesty of a wonder which came to pass in the days of thy father Seneferu, the blessed, of the deeds of the chief reciter Zazamankh. One day King Seneferu, being weary, went throughout his palace seeking for a pleasure to lighten his heart, but he found none. And he said, ‘Haste, and bring before me the chief reciter and scribe of the rolls Zazamankh’; and they straightway brought him. And the king said, ‘I have sought in my palace for some delight, but I have found none.’ Then said Zazamankh to him, ‘Let BAU FRA’S TALE 17 thy majesty go upon the lake of the palace, and let there be made ready a boat, with all the fair maidens of the harem of thy palace ; and the heart of thy majesty shall be re- freshed with the sight, in seeing their rowing up and down the water, and seeing the goodly pools of the birds upon the lake, and beholding its sweet fields and grassy shores ; thus will thy heart be lightened. And I also will go with thee. Bring me twenty oars of ebony, inlayed with gold, with blades of light wood, inlayed with electrum ; and bring me twenty maidens, fair in their limbs, their bosoms and their hair, all virgins ; and bring me twenty nets, and give these nets unto the maidens for their garments.’ And they did according to all the commands of his majesty. “And they rowed down the stream and up the stream, and the heart of his majesty was glad with the sight of their rowing. But one of them at the steering struck her hair, and her jewel of new malachite fell 3 I 8 TALES OF THE MAGICIANS into the water. And she ceased her song, and rowed not ; and her companions ceased, and rowed not. And his majesty said, ‘Row you not further P’ And they replied, ‘Our little steerer here stays and rows not.’ His majesty then said to her, ‘Wherefore rowest thou not?' She replied, ‘It is for my jewel of new malachite which is fallen in the water.” And he said to her, ‘ Row on, for behold I will replace it.' And she answered, “But I want my own piece back in its setting.' And his majesty said, ‘Haste, bring me the chief reciter Zazamankh, and they brought him. And his majesty said, Zazamankh, my brother, I have done as thou Sayedst, and the heart of his majesty is refreshed with the sight of their rowing. But now a jewel of new malachite of one of the little ones is fallen in the water, and she ceases and rows not, and she has spoilt the rowing of her side. And I said to her, “Wherefore rowest thou not?” and she answered to me, “It is for my jewel of new "IȚIAAȚI [ 3Í I IJ, ON [CIN I， II XIN V IN VZVZ \ »--* ·· -*}·！'~^f./- - , ,^ ^ ~~~~~№··|-Y, / //;',|-}, ’' ,|- ·.'· r; , , //, ±/, ' '/ºſ/·}/Kºſº,·////}}- ：, }, '/'; ----}-· · ·, ，|-, ， , ,* , , :/« » -|-í. %，, !‘ “ „ř//* ,·, '.,', ', /, º///////# !(, , ,ſf , , ， , , ' ''/ //, , ,/; ';', ' / , ///º/ /;~ |?· ·| }///; "////tf f |,|- ‘, ‚‘， ‚ ’, y \ , , ' ） ?ſ', /, /, // ¡ // ſ ſjſ į / / / | ſ //////// ff|| . j . } ',%|ſ',f {| ','// }/ / / ºffſſſſſſſſſſſſſſ （） ¿¿. N||||||||ſ'，ſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſ||||||||||||||#ÉÉ№Ē āÈŘſī£§>#$5，5 ºffïſïkï*ïÈ№ĒĒĒĒĖÈ$±!!!!！$$ Ź7; } ''（\'\'，%%ſ，%ſ，%\ºj\}„€ĒĖĖĘſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſſ！！! º ， ||, ! №ſſºff）%ſ*%?/}///|\||\（）aeff,§§§ ºſºzºïſſºſ?¡¿ſſ || || 4%ÄŤ// èºg, $（'#ff 4.’£®J.| `ſ|- ¿№\\ſ\\-¿{|!ſae;». '/'; BAU FRA’S TALE 2 I malachite which is fallen in the water.” I replied to her, “Row on, for behold I will replace it." ; and she answered to me, “But I want my own piece again back in its setting.” Then the chief reciter Zazamankh spake his magic speech. And he placed one part of the waters of the lake upon the other, and discovered the jewel lying upon a shard ; and he took it up and gave it unto its mistress. And the water, which was twelve cubits deep in the middle, reached now to twenty-four cubits after he turned it. And he spake, and used his magic speech; and he brought again the water of the lake to its place. And his majesty spent a joyful day with the whole of the royal house. Then rewarded he the chief reciter Zaza- mankh with all good things. Behold, this is a wonder that came to pass in the days of thy father, the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Seneferu, of the deeds of the chief reciter, the scribe of the rolls, Zazamankh.” Then said the majesty of the king of 22 TALES OF THE MAGICIANS Upper and Lower Egypt, Khufu, the blessed, “Let there be presented an offering of a thousand cakes, one hundred draughts of beer, an ox, and two jars of incense to the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Sene- feru, the blessed ; and let there be given a loaf, a jar of beer, and a jar of incense to the chief reciter, the scribe of the rolls, Zazamankh ; for I have seen the token of his learning.” And they did all things as his majesty commanded. HORDEDEF’S TALE THE royal son Hordedef then stood forth and spake. He said, “Hitherto hast thou only heard tokens of those who have gone before, and of which no man knoweth their truth. But I will show thy majesty a man of thine own days.” And his majesty said, “Who is he, Hordedef" And the royal son Hordedef answered, “It is a certain man named Dedi, who dwells at Ded- , ! I HIS ŒI}{J, 0,L I (I3I (I ONI (IV GITI JIŻI (IȚI (I NI ŌJI -- »----„~~~ ~~~~）., z”. 2gº |-• T---**~ ~~~~ _______°. —----Ź------_ - - - -*·~º ~º*~*_ _ - >~ _ ·c.}• →!ºſo .$ 34. ***zººn jºſſíº . -gºj, ſãº： f， * ??！！！！！！！\，\！ （ ， . --~~~ ~ ！， --★ſº ºſº spºſºſ… »ŹŹ （, , ， ， ，（ſ\})', , , ，（~~~~ （~~~~ ~ ~ ~ _T.ſ （~~~~ ~~~~ （, , , ~ _ （ ' ' //// .. ' /, , , ， , ， ,' '' ----.*- // //.] --~~~~~ （_）~~~ . – ） -----！ 2 ！~· `_... ~ ~ ~~~~·， , , \\ 1~\ \}!`--~~' + … ~~.*… . . ! -- → ;- ~~~~...,--- “· T · ：-） ---- ^ <~~ ---- ___ . ：:· • ¶ ...x ' +）; -ºr* - ~~~~）;... ：~z（）;¿№ïy（ ' '！'“ （），- ººººº/， /ū/ōyō （''''' --~~~~！）！.-- *** T --~~Tº“ （ ） +1，7： „…ae， º： -ºr; №, „（jiſ) iſtº-". ）-（===）：g.*~~--~---. … *~*~. -: ---→ *~---* --~~~~*-~~~~** ... ， ， . ---- - ）， （±（−−*T**，-Ț（...）-（=TZ. z.）！?*77） . Œ§S¿§ ſae ·ſã №S HORDEDEF’S TALE 37 reign over all the land.” And Khnumu gave strength to his limbs. Then Isis stood before her, and Nebhat stood behind her, and Hakt helped her. And Isis said, “O child, by thy name of Sah-ra, stay not in her.” Then the child came upon her hands, a child of a cubit ; its bones were strong, the beauty of its limbs was like gold, and its hair was like true lapis lazuli. They washed him, and prepared him, and layed him on a carpet on the brickwork. Then Meskhent approached him and said, “This is a king who shall reign over all the land.” And Khnumu gave strength to his limbs. Then Isis stood before her, and Nebhat stood behind her, and Hakt helped her. And Isis said, “O child, by thy name of Kaku, remain not in darkness in her.” And the child came upon her hands, a child of a cubit ; its bones were strong, the beauty of its limbs was like gold, and its hair was like true lapis lazuli. And Meskhent ap- proached him and said, “This is a king who 38 TALES OF THE MAGICIANS shall reign over all the land.” And Khnumu gave strength to his limbs. And they washed him, and prepared him, and layed him on a carpet on the brickwork. And the deities went out, having delivered Rud-didet of the three children. And they said, “ Rejoice O Ra user, for behold three children are born unto thee.” And he said unto them, “My ladies, and what shall I give unto ye? Behold, give this bushel of barley here unto your porter, that ye may take it as your reward to the brew-house.” And Khnumu loaded himself with the bushel of barley. And they went away toward the place from which they came. And Isis spake unto these goddesses, and said, “Wherefore have we come without doing a marvel for these children, that we may tell it to their father who has sent us ; " Then made they the divine diadems of the king (life, wealth, and health), and laid them in the bushel of barley. And they caused the clouds to come with wind and º- a - | §§ºgº §ºſitiºn ºpiº . § - #fff; ſt Cl ºf: - º, º ºtiº ºf º, Lºſ - - - § Fºr THE GO TO DESSES H II) IN G THE CROW N HORDEDEF’S TALE 4. I rain ; and they turned back again unto the house. And they said, “Let us put this barley in a closed chamber, sealed up, until we return northward, dancing.” And they placed the barley in a close chamber. And Rud-didet purified herselſ, with a purification of ſourteen days. And she said to her handmaid, “Is the house made ready ?” And she replied, “All things are made ready, but the brewing barley is not yet brought.” And Rud-didet said, “Wherefore is the brewing barley not yet brought 2 " And the servant answered, “It would all of it long since be ready if the barley had not been given to the dancing-girls, and lay in the chamber under their seal.” Rud-didet said, “Go down, and bring of it, and Ra-user shall give them in its stead when he shall come.” And the handmaid went, and opened the chamber. And she heard talking and singing, music and dancing, quavering, and all things which are performed for a king in his chamber. And she returned and told to 42 TALES OF THE MAGICIANS Rud-didet all that she had heard. And she went through the chamber, but she found not the place where the sound was. And she layed her temple to the sack, and found that the sounds were in it. She placed it in a chest, and put that in another locker, and tied it fast with leather, and layed it in the store-room, where the things were, and sealed it. And Ra-user came returning from the field ; and Rud-didet repeated unto him these things; and his heart was glad above all things ; and they sat down and made a joyful day. And after these days it came to pass that Rud-didet was wroth with her servant, . and beat her with stripes. And the servant said unto those that were in the house, “Shall it be done thus unto me She has borne three kings, and I will go and tell this to his majesty King Khufu the blessed.” And she went, and found the eldest brother of her mother, who was binding his flax on the floor. And he said to THE II A N D \| _\ I D LIST EN IN G TO THIE FESTIVITY HORDEDEF’S TALE 45 her, “Whither goest thou, my little maid: ” And she told him of all these things. And her brother said to her, “Wherefore comest thou thus to me Shall I agree to trea– chery ’’ And he took a bunch of the flax to her, and laid on her a violent blow. And the servant went to fetch a handful of water, and a crocodile carried her away. Her uncle went therefore to tell of this to Rud-didet ; and he found Rud-didet sitting, her head on her knees, and her heart beyond measure Sad. And he said to her, “My lady, why makest thou thy heart thus 2 " And she answered, “It is because of this little wretch that was in the house ; behold she went out saying, ‘I will go and tell it.’” And he bowed his head unto the ground, and said, “My lady, she came and told me of these things, and made her com- plaint unto me ; and I laid on her a violent blow. And she went forth to draw water, and a crocodile carried her away.” (The rest of the ta/e is lost.) 46 TALES OF THE MAGICIANS RE/MARKS The tales of the magicians are only pre- served in a single copy, and of that the begin- ning is entirely lost. The papyrus was brought from Egypt by an English traveller, and was purchased by the Berlin Museum from the property of Lepsius, who had received it from the owner, Miss Westcar : hence it is known as the Westcar papyrus. It was written probably in the XIIth Dynasty, but doubtless embodied tales, which had been floating for generations before, about the names of the early kings. It shows us probably the kind of material that existed for the great recension of the pre-monu- mental history, made in the time of Seti I. Those ages of the first three dynasties were as long before that recension as we are after it ; and this must always be remembered in considering the authority of the Egyptian records. This papyrus has been more thoroughly REMARKS 47 studied than most, perhaps more than any other. Erman has devoted two volumes to it : 2 publishing the whole in photographic facsimile, transcribed in hieroglyphs, tran- scribed in the modern alphabet, translated literally, translated freely, commented on and discussed word by word, and with a complete glossary of all words used in it. This exhaustive publication is named “Der Marchen des Papyrus Westcar.” Moreover, Maspero has given a current translation in the “Contes Populaires,” 2nd edit. pp. 53–86. The scheme of these tales is that they are all told to King Khufu by his sons; and as the beginning is lost, eight lines are here added to explain this and introduce the subject. The actual papyrus begins with the last few words of a previous tale concerning some other magician under an earlier king. Then comes the tale of Khafra, next that of Bau-f-ra, and lastly that of Hor.dedef. 48 TALES OF THE MAGICIANs It need hardly be said that these tales are quite fictitious. The king and his successor Khafra are real, but the other Sons cannot be identified ; and the con- fusion of supposing three kings of the Vth Dynasty to be triplets born early in the IVth Dynasty, shows what very vague ideas of their own history the Egyptians had when these tales were formed. This does not prevent our seeing that they embodied some very important traditions, and gives us an unequalled picture of the early civilisation. ...” In the earliest tale of the three there seems at first sight merely a sketch of faithlessness and revenge. But Page 10. º e there is probably much more in it. To read it aright we must bear in mind the position of woman in ancient Egypt. If, in later ages, Islam has gone to the extreme of the man determining REMARKS 49 his own divorce at a word, in early times almost the opposite system pre- vailed. All property belonged to the woman ; all that a man could earn, or inherit, was made over to his wife ; and families always reckoned back further on the mother's side than the father's. As the changes in historical times have been in the direction of men's rights, it is very unlikely that this system of female predominance was invented or introduced, but rather that it descends from primitive times. In this tale we see, then, at the beginning of Our knowledge of the country, the clashing of two different social systems. The reciter is strong for men's rights, he brings destruction on the wife, and never even gives her name, but always calls her merely “the wife of Uba-aner.” But behind all this there is probably the remains of a very different system. The servant employed by the mistress seems to see nothing outrageous in her proceed- 5 50 TALES OF THE MAGICIANS ings; and even the steward, who is on the master's side, waits a day or two before reporting matters. When we re- member the Supremacy in property and descent which women held in Egypt, and then read this tale, it seems that it belongs to the close of a social system like that of the Nairs, in which the lady makes her selection—with variations from time to time. The incident of sending a present of clothing is curiously like the tale about a certain English envoy, whose proprieties were sadly ruffled in the Nair country, when a lady sent him a grand shawl with an intimation of her choice. The priestesses of Amen retained to the last this privilege of choice, as being under divine, and not human protection ; but it seems to have become unseemly in late times. The hinging of this tale, and of those that follow it, upon the use of magic, shows how thoroughly the belief in magic REMARKS 5 I powers was ingrained in the Egyptians. Now such a belief implies the presence of magicians, and shows how familiar must have been the claim to such powers, and the practising of the tricks of witchcraft, so prevalent in Africa in modern times. The efficacy of a model, such as this crocodile of wax, is an idea continually met with in Egypt. The system of tomb furniture and decoration, of ka statues, of ushabtis or figures to work for the de- ceased, and the models placed in founda- tion deposits, all show how a model was supposed to have the efficacy of an actual reality. Even in the latest tale of all (written in Ptolemaic times), Setnau makes a model of a boat and men, to be sunk in the river to work for him. The re- conversion of the crocodile to wax, on being taken up by the magician, reminds us of the Serpent becoming again a rod when taken up by Aaron. The punishment of burning alive is very 52 TALES OF THE MAGICIANS rarely, if ever, mentioned in Egyptian history, though it occurs in modern Egyptian tales : and it looks as if it were brought in here rather as a dire horror for the climax than as a probable incident. The place of the penalty, in front of the harem, or the private portion of the palace, was evidently for the intimi- dation of other ladies. At the close of each tale, King Khufu, to whom it is told, orders funerary offerings by the usual formula, to be presented in honour of the king under whom the wonder took place. On the tablets of the tombs in the early times, there is usually recorded the offering— or, rather, the pious desire that there should be offered—thousands of loaves, of oxen, of gazelles, of cranes, &c., for a deceased person. Such expression cost no more by the thousand than by the dozen, so thousands came to be the usual ex- pression in all ordaining of offerings. REMARKS 53 We are so accustomed to think of tedium as something modern, that it seems strange to find in the oldest tales in the world how the first king of whom we know anything was bored by his pleasures. A reward for discover- ing a new pleasure is the very basis of the tale of Sneferu ; and the wise man's - remedy of a day in the country is still the best resource, though all that we know as human history has tried its experiments in enjoyment since then. The flavour of the ballet thrown in, by the introduction of the damsels of the house- hold clad in fishing nets, is not yet Page 16. obsolete in modern amusements; and even in this century Muhammed Ali had resource to the same way of killing time, as he was rowed about by his harem, but on an artificial lake. The use of two large oars for steering explains the detail of the story. The oars were one on each side of the stern, and 54 TALES OF THE MAGICIANS were each managed by a steerer. From the tale we see that the steerer led the song of the rowers, and if the leader ceased, all that side of the boat ceased also. The position of the lost jewel upon the hair shows that it was in a fillet set with inlaying, like that seen on early figures, such as Nefert at Medum, who wears a fillet of rosettes to retain the hair; and the position of the steering oar attached to a post, with the handle rising high in the air, explains how it could strike the fillet and displace the jewel. The last tale is really double, a tale within a tale. It begins with the wonders done by Dedi, and then goes on with the Page 22, , . e history of the children about whom he prophesied to Khufu. The village of Dedi was probably near Medum, as in the temple of Sneferu at Medum an offering was found presented by a worshipper to the gods of Ded-sneferu : REMARKS 55 hence the background which is here given for the scene of Hordedef leading old Dedi. The translation of “the designs of the dwelling of Tahuti" is not certain ; but the passage seems to refer to some archi- tectural plan which was desired for the pyramid. The story of Rud-didet is remarkable historically. She is said to be wife of the priest of Ra, her children are sons of Ra, and they are the first three kings of the Vth dynasty, and supplanted the line of Khufu. This points to the Vth Dynasty having been a priestly usurpation ; and on looking at its history we see two confirma- tions of this. The title “Son of Ra” is so common in most ages in Egypt that it is taken for granted, and is applied in lists to any Second cartouche , but it is not found until well into the Vth Dynasty; the earlier kings were not descendants of Ra, and it is only on arriving at this dynasty, which claimed descent from Ra, through the wife 56 TALES OF THE MAGICIANS of the priest of Ra, that we find the claim of each king to be a “son of Ra.” Another confirmation of this priestly descent is the abundance of priesthoods established for the kings of the Vth Dynasty ; a care which agrees with their having a priestly origin ; while in the tale it is particularly said that they would build up the temples, furnish the altars with offerings, supply the tables of libations, and increase the religious en- dowments. The names of the three children are a play upon the names of the first three kings of the Vth Dynasty. User-kaf is made into User-ref ; Sahu-ra is written Sah—ra ; and Kaka is Kaku ; thus making allusions to their births. The comparison of the hair to true lapis lazuli seems very strange ; but there is often a confusion between black and blue in uneducated races, and azrak means either dark blue or green, or black, at present in Arabic. Lapis lazuli is brought in to the name of the queen of Ramessu REMARKS 57 VI., who was called “gold and lazuli,” Nub-khesdeb; recalling the comparison here of personal beauty to these precious materials. It is noticeable here that in a tale of the Vth Dynasty, certainly written as early as the XIIth Dynasty, we find professional dancers commonly recognised, and going on travels through the country, with a porter. From this tale we also learn that Egyptian women underwent a purification of fourteen days, during which they kept apart and did not attend to any household matters. The mistress of the house here inquires if the preparations are made for the feast on her return to household affairs ; and hears then how the beer cannot be made for lack of the barley. The securing of the sack is just in accord with the remains of this early period ; the use of boxes, of thongs of leather for tying and of clay Sealings for securing property, were all familiar matters in the XIIth Dynasty, as we learn from Kahun. 58 TALES OF THE MAGICIANS The present close of the tale is evidently only a stage in it, when the treacherous maid meets with the common doom of the wicked in Egyptian romance. How it was continued is a matter of speculation, but Khufu ought certainly to reappear and to order great rewards for Dedi, who up to this has only had maintenance on his requi- site scale provided for him. Yet it is im- perative that the children shall be saved from his wrath, as they are the kings of the Vth Dynasty. There may be a long episode lost of their flight and adventures. One reference to a date needs notice. The 25th of the month Tybi is said to be the predicted birthday of the children; and Khufu refers to going to Sakhebu about that time apparently, when the banks of the canal are cut and the land was drying after the inundation, whereon Dedi threatens that the water shall still be deep there. This points to 2 5th Tybi being about the close of the inundation. This would be about REMARKS 59 the case both in the beginning of the IVth Dynasty, and also in the XIIth Dynasty, when the papyrus was perhaps written : hence there is nothing conclusive to be drawn from this allusion so far. But when we compare this tale with those following, we see good ground for its belonging to a time before the XIIth Dynasty. The following tale of the peasant and the workman evidently belongs to the IXth or Xth Dynasties, when Herakleopolis was the capital, and Sanehat is certainly of the XIIth Dynasty. Yet in those we see character and incident made the basis of interest, in place of the childish profusion of marvels of the Tales of the Magicians. It seems impossible not to sup- pose that they belong to very different ages and canons of taste ; and hence we cannot refer the crudities of the Khufu tales to the time of the far more elaborate and polished recital of the adventures of Sanehat in the XIIth Dynasty. Being thus obliged to suppose an earlier date for these tales, the 6O TALES OF THE MAGICIANS allusion to the month Tybi throws us back to a very early period—the IVth Dynasty —for their original outlines. Doubtless they were modified by reciters, and probably took shape in the Vth or VIth Dynasties ; but yet we must regard them as belonging practically to the age to which they refer. :::::::::::::::::::: - *- :--ºº-ºº: +,-----, -ºs------ " º Młº \ln. ~~~~ = <--> "T" – . ºrº - - - * ---- -- - - 5. - " - - 1:... " º ºil- - : *Sºº----->º § U. * f : . E ſº =ſº º - tº sº." * , ). *A*.*.*.*.* :- ". Lºs r IV - --~~ º-Aºsºft#. -- ==Axºtº - º z:x:# ===== ºr E::= F----- ɺ IN THE SEK HIET H E M AT IXTH DYNASTY THE PE_{S_1 N 7' 4 ND 7'HE Iſ’ORATMAN HERE dwelt in the Sekhet Hemat— or Salt country—a peasant called the Sekhti, with his wife and children, his asses and his dogs; and he trafficked in all good things of the Sekhet Hemat to Henenseten. Behold now he went] with rushes, natron, and salt, with wood and pods, with stones and seeds, and all good products of the Sekhet Hemat. And this Sekhti journeyed to the South unto Henenseten ; and when he came to the lands of the house of Fefa, north of 6 I 62 SEKHTI AND HEMTI Denat, he found a man there standing on the bank, a man called Hemti-the workman— Son of a man called Asri, who was a serf of the High Steward Meruitensa. Now said this Hemti, when he saw the asses of Sekhti, that were pleasing in his eyes, “Oh that Some good god would grant me to steal away the goods of Sekhti from him " Now the Hemti's house was by the dyke of the tow-path, which was straitened, and not wide, as much as the width of a waist cloth : on the one side of it was the water, and on the other side of it grew his corn. Hemti said then to his servant, “Hasten bring me a shawl from the house,” and it was brought instantly. Then spread he out this shawl on the face of the dyke, and it lay with its fastening on the water and its fringe on the corn. Now Sekhti approached along the path used by all men. Said Hemti, “Have a care, Sekhti you are not going to trample on my clothes ' " Said Sekhti, “I will do -se E-e-.- -Q 2- cºs º : Ezri T - =——es-= -- =====- º \ , , RN ºv -- RÑr es SS W\\. \ \\ \N ”, S Ñs N - si = ------ \NRN Nº \ *- \\ Re \ W N ----- — — y Nºë \ e==- t==S.- ==== s_IIIt===— º = C.- ===- xx:E= -== trif= = - = - -= -“------—---.- - «aas-- norte II = - — III = ===== —. —-—. ---- “-- —, y tr- # SS N N ” º e- º \ \\ A \ \\ W ASU a , } \ \. — 2- ----. E-r ===--. ---.—-" ------------------ \ V Nº \\\Wº º - = "I JIE RES º ASS PEASANT AND THE WORKMAN 65 as you like, I will pass carefully.” Then went he up on the higher side. But Hemti said, “Go you over my corn, instead of the path P” Said Sekhti, “I am going carefully; this high field of corn is not my choice, but you have stopped your path with your clothes, and will you then not let us pass by the side of the path ** And one of the asses filled its mouth with a cluster of corn. Said Hemti, “Look you, I shall take away your ass, Sekhti, for eating my corn; behold it will have to pay according to the amount of the injury.” Said Sekhti, “I am going carefully ; the one way is stopped, therefore took I my ass by the enclosed ground, and do you seize it for filling its mouth with a cluster of corn ? Moreover, I know unto whom this domain belongs, even unto the Lord Steward Meruitensa. He it is who Smites every robber in this whole land ; and shall I then be robbed in his domain P’’ Said Hemti, “This is the proverb which men speak : “A poor man's name is only his 6 66 SEKHTI AND HEMTI own matter.' I am he of whom you spake, even the Lord Steward of whom you think.” Thereon he took to him branches of green tamarisk and scourged all his limbs, took his asses, and drave them into the pasture. And Sekhti wept very greatly, by reason of the pain of what he had suffered. Said Hemti, “Lift not up your voice, Sekhti, or you shall go to the Demon of Silence.” Sekhti answered, “You beat me, you steal my goods, and now would take away even my voice, O demon of silence If you will restore my goods, then will I cease to cry out at your violence.” Sekhti stayed the whole day petitioning Hemti, but he would not give ear unto him. And Sekhti went his way to Khenensuten to complain to the Lord Steward Meruitensa. He found him coming out from the door of his house to embark on his boat, that he might go to the judgment hall. Sekhti said, “Ho turn, that I may please thy heart with this discourse. Now at this time let PEASANT AND THE WORKMAN 67 one of thy followers, whom thou wilt, come to me that I may send sº him to thee concerning º º it.” The Lord Steward º . Meruitensa made his # | º follower, whom he chose, go straight unto him, and Sekhti sent him back with an ac- count of all these mat- ters. Then the Lord Stew a rol - - º .gs---—- --~~~~ *s. --> ==~~ W. lºt Şăș. §2 º ... gasºğ Triś ºiº Me ruitensa accused Hemti unto the nobles who sat with him ; and they saidunto him, “By your leave : As to this 68 SEKHTI AND HEMTI Sekhti of yours, let him bring a witness. Behold thou it is our custom with our Sekhtis ; witnesses come with them ; behold, that is our custom. Then it will be fitting to beat this Hemti for a trifle of natron and a trifle of salt; if he is commanded to pay for it, he will pay for it.” But the High Steward Meruitensa held his peace; for he would not reply unto these nobles, but would reply unto the Sekhti. Now Sekhti came to appeal to the Lord Steward Meruitensa, and said, “O my Lord Steward, greatest of the great, guide of the needy : When thou embarkest on the lake of truth, Mayest thou sail upon it with a fair wind ; May thy mainsail not fly loose. May there not be lamentation in thy cabin ; May not misfortune come after thee. May not thy mainstays be snapped ; Mayest thou not run aground. May not the wave scize thee ; Mayest thou not taste the impurities of the river ; Mayest thou not see the face of fear. May the fish come to thee without escape; Mayest thou reach unto plump waterfowl. PEASANT AND THE WORKMAN 69 For thou art the orphan's father, the widow's husband, The desolate woman's brother, the garment of the motherless. Let me celebrate thy name in this land for every virtue. A guide without greediness of heart ; A great one without any meanness. Destroying deceit, encouraging justice; Coming to the cry, and allowing utterance. Let me speak, do thou hear and do justice ; O praised whom the praised ones praise. Abolish oppression, behold me, I am overladen, Reckon with me, behold me defrauded.” Now the Sekhti made this speech in the time of the majesty of the King Neb-ka-n-ra, blessed. The Lord Steward Meruitensa went away straight to the king and said, “My lord, I have found one of these Sekhti, excellent of speech, in very truth; stolen are his goods, and he has come to complain to me of the matter.” His majesty said, “As thou wishest that I may see health lengthen out his com- plaint, without replying to any of his 70 SEKHTI AND HEMTI speeches. He who desireth him to continue speaking should be silent ; behold, bring us his words in writing, that we may listen to them. But provide for his wife and his children, and let the Sekhti himself also have a living. Thou must cause one to give him his portion without letting him know that thou art he who is giving it to him.” There were given to him four loaves and two draughts of beer each day ; which the Lord Steward Meruitensa provided for him, giving it to a friend of his, who furnished it unto him. Then the Lord Steward Merui- tensa sent the governor of the Sekhet Hemat to make provision for the wife of the Sekhti, three rations of corn each day. Then came the Sekhti a second time, and even a third time, unto the Lord Steward Meruitensa ; but he told two of his followers to go unto the Sekhti, and seize on him, and beat him with staves. But he came again unto him, even unto six times, and Said– I, LH ȘIGIS JI HJ, el O ON IJ.Vºlºſ $1 l-I.L. .---*） ~~`-（ - “ •！！！！！ - I_ J. PEASANT AND THE WORKMAN 73 “My Lord Steward— Destroying deceit, and encouraging justice ; Raising up every good thing, and crushing every evil ; As plenty comes removing famine, As clothing covers nakedness, As clear sky after storm warms the shivering ; As fire cooks that which is raw, As water quenches the thirst ; Look with thy face upon my lot; do not covet, but content me without fail; do the right and do not evil.” But yet Meruitensa would not hearken unto his complaint; and the Sekhti came yet, and yet again, even unto the ninth time. Then the Lord Steward told two of his followers to go unto the Sekhti ; and the Sekhti feared that he should be beaten as at the third request. But the Lord Steward Meruitensa then said unto him, “Fear not, Sekhti, for what thou has done. The Sekhti has made many speeches, delightful to the heart of his majesty and I take an oath—as I eat bread, and as I drink water—that thou shalt be remembered to eternity.” Said the Lord Steward, “Moreover, thou shalt be satis- 74. SEKHTI AND HEMTI fied when thou shalt hear of thy complaints.” He caused to be written on a clean roll of papyrus each petition to the end, and the Lord Steward Meruitensa sent it to the majesty of the King Neb-ka-n-ra, blessed, and it was good to him more than anything that is in the whole land; but his majesty said to Meruitensa, “Judge it thyself; I do not desire it.” The Lord Steward Meruitensa made two of his followers to go to the Sekhet Hemat, and bring a list of the household of the Sekhti; and its amount was six persons, beside his oxen and his goats, his wheat and his barley, his asses and his dogs ; and moreover he gave all that which belonged unto the Hemti to the Sekhti, even all his property and his offices, and the Sekhti was beloved of the king more than all his over- seers, and ate of all the good things of the king, with all his household. - REMARKS 75 RE/MARKS Of the tale of the peasant and the work- man three copies, more or less imperfect, remain to us. At Berlin are two papyri, Nos. 2 and 4, containing parts of the tale, published in fascimile in the “Denkmaler" of Lepsius vi. Io9–I Io and I I 3 ; while portions of another copy exist in the Butler papyrus; and lately fragments of the same have been collated in the collection of Lord Amherst of Hackney. These last have been published in the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, xiv. 558. The number of copies seem to show that this was a popular tale in early times ; it certainly is of a more advanced type than the earlier tales of magic, though it belongs to a simpler style than the tales which follow. It has been translated partially by Chabas and Goodwin, and also by Maspero, but most completely by Griffith in the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, referred to above. 76 SEKHTI AND HEMTI The beginning of the tale is lost in all the copies, and an introductory sentence is here added in brackets, to explain the position of affairs at the opening of the fragment. The essence of the tale is the difference in social position between the Sekhti, or peasant, and the Hemti, or workman—the fellah and the client of the noble ; and the impossibility of getting justice against a client, unless by some extraordinary means of attracting his patron's attention, is the basis of the action. There is not a single point of incident here which might not be true in modern times ; every turn of it seems to live, as one reads it in view of country life in Egypt. The region of the tale is Henenseten, or Herakleopolis, now Ahnas, a little south of the Fayum. This was the seat of the IXth and Xth Dynasties, apparently ejected from Memphis by a foreign invasion of the Delta ; and here it is that the High Steward lives and goes to speak to the king. The district of the Sekhti is indicated by his travelling REMARKS 77 south to Henenseten, and going with asses and not by boat. Hence we are led to look for the Sekhet Hemat, or salt country, in the borders of the Fayum lake, whence the journey would be southward, and across the desert. This lake was not regulated artifici- ally until the XIIth Dynasty; and hence at the period of this tale it was a large sheet of water, fluctuating with each rise and fall of the Nile, and bordered by lagoons where rushes would flourish, and where salt and natron would accumulate during the dry season of each year. At the present time the lake of the Fayum is brackish, and the cliffs which border it contain so much salt that rain pools which collect on them are not drinkable. The paths and roads of Egypt are not protected by law as in Western countries. Each person encroaches on a path or diverts it as may suit his purpose, only checked by the liberties taken by passers-by in trespassing if a path be insufficient. Hence, it is very usual to see a house built over half of a path, 78 SEKHTI AND HEMTI and driving the traffic into the field or almost Over the river bank. In this case the Hemti had taken in as much of the path as he could, and left it but a narrow strip along the top of the canal bank. The frequent use of the public way for drying clothes, or spreading out property, gave the idea of choking the way altogether, and leaving no choice but trespassing on the crops. No Sooner does a donkey pause, or even pass, by a field of corn than he snatches a mouthful, and in a delay or altercation such as this the beast is sure to take the advantage. Donkeys carry- ing loads by cornfields are usually muzzled with rope nets, to prevent their feeding ; and even sheep and goats are also fended in the same way. The proverb, “A poor man's name is only } his own matter,” refers to the independent fellah having no patron or protector who will take up and defend his name from accu- sations, as the interests of clients and serfs would be protected. This being the case, REMARKS 79 Hemti therefore seizes on the property, and drives the asses into his own pasture field. The scene of Meruitensa laying the case before the nobles who sat with him is inter- esting as showing that even simple cases were not decided by one judge, but referred to a council. Similarly, Una lays stress on the private trial of the queen being confided to him and only one other judge. Apparently, referring cases to a bench of judges was the means of preventing corruption. The speeches of the Sekhti were given at full length in the papyrus, but owing to injuries we cannot now entirely recover them ; they are all in much the same strain, only the first and last are translated here, and the others are passed over. The style of these speeches was evidently locked on as eloquent in those days, and this papy- rus really seems to show the time when long- drawn comparisons and flowery wishes were in fashion. It is far different from later com— positions, as it is also from the earlier simple 8O SEKHTI AND HEMTI narration of crude marvels in the tales of the magicians. The close of the tale is defective, but from the remains it appears to have ended by the gift of the Hemti's property to the op- pressed Sekhti and the triumph of the injured peasant. GOING TO WAVVAT XIIT H DYNASTY THE SHIP MTREC KED SAILOR HE wise servant said, “Let thy heart be satisfied, O my lord, for that we have come back to the country ; after we have long been on board, and rowed much, the prow has at last touched land. All the people rejoice, and embrace us one after another. Moreover, we have come back in good health, and not a man is lacking ; although we have been to the ends of Wawat, and gone through the land of Senmut, we have returned in peace, and our land—behold, we have come back to it. Hear me, my * / SI 82 THE SHIPWRECKED SAILOR lord; I have no other refuge. Wash thee, and turn the water over thy fingers; then go and tell the tale to the majesty.” His lord replied, “Thy heart continues still its wandering words ! but although the mouth of a man may save him, his words may also cover his face with confusion. Wilt thou do then as thy heart moves thee This that thou wilt say, tell quietly.” The sailor then answered, “Now I shall tell that which has happened to me, to my very self. I was going to the mines of Pharaoh, and I went down on the sea on a ship of 1 50 cubits long and 40 cubits wide, with I 50 sailors of the best of Egypt, who had seen heaven and earth, and whose hearts were stronger than lions. They had said that the wind would not be contrary, or that there would be none. But as we approached the land the wind arose, and threw up waves eight cubits high. As for me, I seized a piece of wood ; but those who were in the vessel perished, without one remaining. A wave THE SHIPWRECKED SAILOR 83 threw me on an island, after that I had been three days alone, without a companion beside my own heart. I laid me in a thicket, and the shadow covered me. Then stretched I my limbs to try to find something for my mouth. I found there figs and grapes, all manner of good herbs, berries and grain, melons of all kinds, fishes and birds. Nothing was lacking. And I satisfied myself ; and left on the ground that which was over, of what my arms had been filled withal. I dug a pit, I lighted a fire, and I made a burntoffering unto the gods. “Suddenly I heard a noise as of thunder, which I thought to be that of a wave of the Sea. The trees shook, and the earth was moved. I uncovered my face, and I saw that a serpent drew near. He was thirty cubits long, and his beard greater than two cubits ; his body was as overlayed with gold, and his colour as that of true lazuli. He coiled himself before me. “Then he opened his mouth, while that I 84 THE SHIPWRECKED SAILOR lay on my face before him, and he said to me, ‘What has brought thee, what has brought thee, little one, what has brought thee If thou Sayest not speedily what has brought thee to this isle, I will make thee know thy- self; as a flame thou shalt vanish, if thou tellest me not something I have not heard, or which I knew not, before thee.’ “Then he took me in his mouth and carried me to his resting-place, and layed me down without any hurt. I was whole and Sound, and nothing was gone from me. Then he opened his mouth against me, while that I lay on my face before him, and he said, ‘What has brought thee, what has brought thee, little one, what has brought thee to this isle which is in the sea, and of which the shores are in the midst of the waves * ' “Then I replied to him, and holding my arms low before him, I said to him, ‘ I was embarked for the mines by the order of the majesty, in a ship, I 50 cubits was its length, s Žº: - ~2. *4 gº 2 -º-Yº.' Sº º ºgºź. Instiºn € |lis. Tl IE IN QUIRY THE SHIPWRECKED SAILOR 87 and the width of it 40 cubits. It had I 50 sailors of the best of Egypt, who had seen heaven and earth, and the hearts of whom were stronger than lions. They said that the wind would not be contrary, or that there would be none. Each of them ex- ceeded his companion in the prudence of his heart and the strength of his arm, and I was not beneath any of them. A storm came upon us while we were on the sea. Hardly could we reach to the shore when the wind waxed yet greater, and the waves rose even eight cubits. As for me, I seized a piece of wood, while those who were in the boat perished without one being left with me for three days. Be- hold me now before thee, for I was brought to this isle by a wave of the sea.’ “Then said he to me, “Fear not, fear not, little one, and make not thy face sad. If thou hast come to me, it is God who has let thee live. For it is He who has brought thee to this isle of the blest, where nothing is lacking, and which is filled with all good 88 THE SHIPWRECKED SAILOR things. See now, thou shalt pass One month £, º | : º { * * * { lº £7,..., *: - ... } * D I Apºs : º żº)\,\! ºf £4... “, , wº- ſº ºf 'f |W * ºf p- "jº l" A %, Aſ2; ; jº, y • "iſ ſº # shalt be four months in this isle. Then a ship shall come from thy land with sailors, and thou shalt leave with them and go to thy country, and thou shalt die verse is pleasing, I; R ET I I REN AN I) CII II. I.) REN and he who tastes of it passes over his misery. THE SHIPWRECKED SAILOR 89 I will therefore tell thee of that which is in this isle. I am here with my brethren and my children around me ; we are seventy-five Serpents, children, and kindred ; without naming a young girl who was brought unto me by chance, and on whom the fire of heaven fell, and burnt her to ashes. “‘As for thee if thou art strong, and if thy heart waits patiently, thou shalt press thy infants to thy bosom and embrace thy wife. Thou shalt return to thy house which is full of all good things, thou shalt see thy land, where thou shalt dwell in the midst of thy kindred.’ “Then I bowed, in my obeisance, and I touched the ground before him. ‘Behold now that which I have told thee before. I shall tell of thy presence unto Pharaoh, I shall make him to know of thy greatness, and I will bring to thee of the sacred oils and perfumes, and of incense of the temples with which all gods are honoured. I shall tell, moreover, of that which I do now see 90 THE SHIPWRECKED SAILOR (thanks to him), and there shall be rendered to thee praises before the fulness of all the land. I shall slay asses for thee in sacrifice, I shall pluck for thee the birds, and I shall bring for thee ships full of all kinds of the treasures of Egypt, as is comely to do unto a god, a friend of men in a far country, of which men know not.’ “Then he smiled at my speech, because of that which was in his heart, for he said to me, ‘Thou art not rich in perfumes, for all that thou hast is but common incense. As for me I am prince of the land of Punt, and I have perfumes. Only the oil which thou sayedst thou wouldest bring is not common in this isle. But, when thou shalt depart from this place, thou shalt never more see this isle; it shall be changed into waves.' “And, behold, when the ship drew near, according to all that he had told me before, I got me up into an high tree, to strive to see those who were within it. Then I came and told to him this matter; but it was already THE SHIPWRECKED SAILOR 91 known unto him before. Then he said to me. Farewell, farewell, go to thy house, little one, see again thy children, and let thy name be good in thy town ; these are my wishes for thee." T | | E. F.A. R. EVV E L L “Then I bowed myself before him, and held my arms low before him, and he, he gave me gifts of precious perfumes, of cassia, of sweet woods, of kohl, of cypress, an 92 THE SHIPWRECKED SAILOR abundance of incense, of ivory tusks, of baboons, of apes, and all kind of precious things. I embarked all in the ship which was come, and bowing myself, I prayed God for him. “Then he said to me, ‘Behold thou shalt come to thy country in two months, thou shalt press to thy bosom thy children, and thou shalt rest in thy tomb.” After this I went down to the shore unto the ship, and I called to the sailors who were there. Then on the shore I rendered adoration to the master of this isle and to those who dwelt therein. “When we shall come, in our return, to the house of Pharaoh, in the second month, according to all that the serpent has said, we shall approach unto the palace. And I shall go in before Pharaoh, I shall bring the gifts which I have brought from this isle into the country. Then he shall thank me before the fulness of all the land. Grant then unto me a follower, and lead me to the courtiers of REMARKS 93 the king. Cast thy eye upon me, after that I am come to land again, after that I have both seen and proved this. Hear my prayer, for it is good to listen to people. It was said unto me, “Become a wise man, and thou shalt come to honour, and behold I have become such.” This is finished from its beginning unto its end, even as it was found in a writing. It is written by the scribe of cunning fingers Ameni-amen-aa ; may he live in life, wealth, and health ! RE/MARKS This tale is only known in one copy, preserved in the Hermitage collection at St. Petersburg. The papyrus has not yet been published, either in facsimile or tran- scription. But two translations of it have appeared by M. Golénischeff : from the earlier a modified translation is given by Maspero in the “Contes Populaires,” 2nd edit., pp. I 33–146, and the later trans- lation is in M. Golénischeff's excellent 94 THE SHIPWRECKED SAILOR “Inventaire de la collection Egyptienne (Ermitage Impérial)," p. 177–182. The tale is that of a returned sailor, speaking to his superior and telling his adventures, to induce him to send him on with an introduction to the king. At first his master professes to disbelieve him, and then the sailor protests that this happened to himself, and gives his narrative. The idea of an enchanted island, which has risen from the waves and will sink again, is here found to be one of the oldest plots for a tale of marvels. But the construction is far more advanced than that of the tales of the magicians. The family of serpents and the manner of the great serpent is well con- ceived, and there are many fine touches of literary quality : such as noise as of thunder, the trees shaking and the earth being moved at the appearance of the great serpent—the speeches of the serpent and his threat—the sailors who had seen heaven and earth—the contempt of the serpent for his offerings, REMARKS 95 “As for me, I am prince of the land of Punt, and I have perfumes”—and the scene of departure. All of these points show a firm hand and practised taste, although there is still a style of simplicity clinging to it which agrees well to its date in the XIIth Dynasty. The great serpent is not of a type usual in Egyptian designs. The human-headed uraeus is seldom bearded ; and the best example of such a monster is on an Ethiopian temple, where a great uraeus has human arms and a lion's head. The colours again repeat the favourite combina- tion expressive of splendour — gold and lazuli. Though lazuli is very rare in early times, yet it certainly was known in the XIIth Dynasty, as shown by the forms of some beads of lazuli. The slaughter of asses in sacrifice is a very peculiar offering, and no sign of this is found in any representations or groups of offerings. 96 THE SHIPWRECKED SAILOR The colophon of the copyist at the end shows by the style of the name that it belongs to the earlier part of the XIIth Dynasty, and if so, the composition might be referred to the opening of foreign trade under Sankhkara or Amenemhat I. XIITH JOY NASTY ZTHE AD//E N7 URES OF S 4 NEHA 7' HE hereditary prince, royal seal-bearer, confidential friend, judge, keeper of the gate of the foreigners, true and beloved royal acquaintance, the royal follower Sanehat says:— I attended my lord as a follower of the king, of the house of the hereditary princess, the greatly favoured, the royal wife, Ankhet- Usertesen, who shares the dwelling of the royal son Amenemhat in Kanefer. In the thirtieth year, the month Paophi, the seventh day the god entered his horizon, the king Sehotepabra flew up to heaven and joined the sun's disc, the follower of the god 8 97 98 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT met his maker. The palace was silenced, and in mourning, the great gates were closed, the courtiers crouching on the ground, the people in hushed mourning. His majesty had sent a great army with the nobles to the land of the Temehu (Lybia), his son and heir, the good god king Usertesen as their leader. Now he was returning, and had brought away living captives and all kinds of cattle without end. The councillors of the palace had sent to the West to let the king know the matter that had come to pass in the inner hall. The messenger was to meet him on the road, and reach him at the time of evening : the matter was urgent. “A hawk had soared with his followers.” Thus said he, not to let the army know of it. Even if the royal sons who commanded in that army Send a message, he was not to speak to a single one of them. But I was standing near, and heard his voice while he was speaking. I fled far away, my heart beating, my arms THE ADVENTURES OF SANE HAT 99 failing, trembling had fallen on all my limbs. I turned about in running to seek a place to hide me, and I threw myself between two bushes, to wait while they should pass by. Twº an \ º, -- . – 2. º sº - - --- - ------------- - -- 2* ! W ----- - – — *- : * --~~~~. T -** * * * ſixtax-elli; -- ~ T]+ F. CROSSING raft without a rudder. Carried over by the west wind, I passed over to the east to the quarries of Aku and the land of the goddess Herit, mistress of the red mountain (Gebel Ahmar). Then I fled on foot, north- ward, and reached the walls of the prince, built to repel the Sati. I crouched in a bush THE ADVENTURES OF SAN E HAT I o I for fear of being seen by the guards, changed each day, who watch on the top of the fortress. I took my way by night, and at the lighting of the day I reached Peten, and turned me toward the valley of Kemur. Then thirst hasted me on ; I dried up, and my throat narrowed, and I said, “This is the THE RESCU E taste of death.” When I lifted up my heart and gathered strength, I heard a voice and the lowing of cattle. I saw men of the Sati, and one of them a friend unto Egypt— knew me. Behold he gave me water and boiled me milk, and I went with him to his camp ; they did me good, and one tribe passed me on to another. I passed on I O2 THE ADVENTURES OF SAN E HAT to Sun, and reached the land of Adim (Edom). When I had dwelt there half a year Amu- an-shi—who is the prince of the Upper Tenu —sent for me and said: “Dwell thou with me that thou mayest hear the speech of Egypt.” He said thus for that he knew of my excellence, and had heard tell of my worth, for men of Egypt who were there with him bore witness of me. Behold he said to me, “For what cause hast thou come hither Has a matter come to pass in the palace Has the king of the two lands, Sehetep- abra gone to heaven That which has happened about this is not known.” But I answered with concealment, and Said, “When I came from the land of the Tamahu, and my desires were there changed in me, if I fled away it was not by reason of remorse that I took the way of a fugitive ; I have not failed in my duty, my mouth has not said any bitter words, I have not heard any evil counsel, my name has not come into THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT Iog the mouth of a magistrate. I know not by what I have been led into this land.” And Amu-an-shi said, “This is by the will of the god (king of Egypt), for what is a land like if it know not that excellent god, of whom the dread is upon the lands of Strangers, as they dread Sekhet in a year of pestilence.” I spake to him, and replied, “Forgive me, his son now enters the palace, and has re- ceived the heritage of his father. He is a god who has none like him, and there is none before him. He is a master of wisdom, prudent in his designs, excellent in his decrees, with good-will to him who goes or who comes; he subdued the land of strangers while his father yet lived in his palace, and he rendered account of that which his father destined him to perform. He is a brave man, who verily strikes with his sword ; a valiant one, who has not his equal ; he springs upon the barbarians, and throws himself on the spoilers ; he breaks the horns and weakens the hands, and those whom he IoA. THE ADVENTURES OF SANE HAT Smites cannot raise the buckler. He is fear- less, and dashes the heads, and none can stand before him. He is swift of foot, to destroy him who flies; and none who flees from him reaches his home. His heart is strong in his time ; he is a lion who strikes with the claw, and never has he turned his back. His heart is closed to pity; and when he sees multitudes, he leaves none to live behind him. He is a valiant one who springs in front when he sees resistance ; he is a warrior who rejoices when he flies on the barbarians. He seizes the buckler, he rushes forward, he never needs to strike again, he slays and none can turn his lance ; and when he takes the bow the barbarians flee from his arms like dogs ; for the great goddess has given to him to strike those who know her not ; and if he reaches forth he spares none, and leaves nought behind. He is a friend of great sweetness, who knows how to gain love ; his land loves him more than itself, and rejoices in him more than in its own THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT Io; god ; men and women run to his call. A king, he has ruled from his birth ; he, from his birth, has increased births, a sole being, a divine essence, by whom this land rejoices to be governed. He enlarges the borders of the South ; but he covets not the lands of the North : he does not smite the Sati, nor crush the Nemau-shau. If he descends here, let him know thy name, by the homage which thou wilt pay to his majesty. For he refuses not to bless the land which obeys him.” And he replied to me, “Egypt is indeed happy and well settled ; behold thou art far from it, but whilst thou art with me I will do good unto thee.” And he placed me before his children, he mar- ried his eldest daughter to me, and gave me the choice of all his land, even among the best of that which he had on the border of the next land. It is a goodly land, Iaa is its name. There are figs and grapes : y there is wine commoner than water; abun- IO6 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT dant is the honey, many are its olives ; and all fruits are upon its trees; there is barley and wheat, and cattle of kinds without end. This was truly a great thing that he granted me, when the prince came to invest me, and | * ...?,** f...,' ->~ ºcł f. T.’"–43. * .2” - l A 3..." - S.J. ºf 22----- ** Julſu Ve \ SAN F HAT MEETING TI [E TEN U establish me as prince of a tribe in the best of his land. I had my continual portion of bread and of wine each day, of cooked meat, of roasted fowl, as well as the wild game which I took, or which was brought to me, THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT 107 besides what my dogs captured. They made me much butter, and prepared milk of all kinds. I passed many years, the children that I had became great, each ruling his tribe. When a messenger went or came to the palace, he turned aside from the way to come to me ; for I helped every man. I gave water to the thirsty, I set on his way him who went astray, and I rescued the robbed. The Sati who went far, to strike and turn back the princes of other lands, I ordained their goings ; for the Prince of the Tenu for many years appointed me to be general of his soldiers. In every land which I attacked I played the champion, I took the cattle, I led away the vassals, I carried off the slaves, I slew the people, by my sword, my bow, my marches and my good devices. I was excellent to the heart of my prince ; he loved me when he knew my power, and set me over his children when he saw the strength of my arms. A champion of the Tenu came to defy I O8 THE ADV ENTURES OF SANEHAT me in my tent : a bold man without equal, for he had vanquished the whole country. He said, “Let Sanehat fight with me ; ” for he desired to overthrow me, he thought to take my cattle for his tribe. The prince councilled with me. I said, “I know him not. I certainly am not of his degree, I hold me far from his place. Have I ever opened his door, or leaped over his fence? It is some envious jealousy from Seeing me : does he think that I am like some steer among the cows, whom the bull overthrows? If this is a wretch who thinks to enrich him- selſ at my cost, not a Bedawi and a Bedawi fit for fight, then let us put the matter to judgment. Verily a true bull loves battle, but a vain-glorious bull turns his back for ſear of contest ; if he has a heart for combat, let him speak what he pleases. Will God forget what He has ordained, and how shall that be known 2 " I lay down ; and when I had rested I strung my bow, I made ready my arrows, I loosened my poignard, I THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT Io9 furbished my arms. At dawn the land of the Tenu came together ; it had gathered its tribes and called ali the neighbouring people, it spake of nothing but the fight. Each heart burnt for me, men and women crying out; for each heart was troubled for Trsºn CIU'; TI-IE COM ISAT me, and they said, “Is there another strong one who would fight with him Behold the adversary has a buckler, a battle axe, and an armful of javelins.” Then I drew him to the attack ; I turned aside his arrows, and they struck the ground in vain. One drew I IO THE ADVENTURES OF SANE HAT near to the other, and he fell on me, and then I shot him. My arrow fastened in his neck, he cried out, and fell on his face : I drove his lance into him, and raised my shout of victory on his back. Whilst all the men of the land rejoiced, I, and his vassals whom he had oppressed, gave thanks unto Mentu. This prince, Amu-an-shi, embraced me. Then I carried off his goods and took his cattle, that which he had wished to do to me, I did even so unto him ; I seized that which was in his tent, I spoiled his dwelling. As time went on I increased the richness of my treasures and the number of my cattle. Petition to the king of Egypt. “Now behold what the god has done for me who trusted in him. Having once fled away, yet now there is a witness of me in the palace. Once having fled away, as a fugitive, –now all in the palace give unto me a good name. After that I had been THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT I I I dying of hunger, now I give bread to those around. I had left my land naked, and now I am clothed in fine linen. After having been a wanderer without followers, now I possess many serfs. My house is fine, my land wide, my memory is established in the temple of all the gods. And let this flight obtain thy forgiveness; that I may be appointed in the palace ; that I may see the place where my heart dwells. How great a thing is it that my body should be embalmed in the land where I was born To return there is happiness. I have made offering to God to grant me this thing. His heart suffers who has run away unto a strange land. Let him hear the prayer of him who is afar off, that he may revisit the place of his birth, and the place from which he removed. “May the king of Egypt be gracious to me that I may live of his favour. And I render my homage to the mistress of the land, who is in his palace ; may I hear the news of her II 2 THE ADVENTURES OF SANE HAT children. Thus will my limbs grow young again. Now old age comes, feebleness seizes me, my eyes are heavy, my arms are ſeeble, my legs will not move, my heart is slow. Death draws nigh to me, soon shall they lead me to the city of eternity. Let me follow the mistress of all (the queen, his former mistress); lo let her tell me the excellencies of her children; may she bring eternity to me.” Then the majesty of King Kheper-ka-ra, the blessed, spake upon this my desire that I had made to him. His majesty sent unto me with presents from the king, that he might enlarge the heart of his servant, like unto the province of any strange land ; and the royal Sons who are in the palace addressed themselves unto me. Copy of the decree which was brought—to me who speak to you— to lead me bacA. into Egypt. “The Horus, life of births, lord of the THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT I I 3 crowns, life of births, king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Kheper-ka-ra, son of the Sun, Amen-em-hat, ever living unto eternity. Order for the follower Sanehat. Behold this order of the king is sent to thee to instruct thee of his will. ; #.§ ; § EG Y ISTIAN NIESSEN G E R S ARRIV ING Now, although thou hast gone through strange lands from Adim to Tenu, and passed from one country to another at the wish of thy heart – behold, what hast thou done, or what has been done against thee, that is amiss P Moreover, thou reviledst not : Q I 14 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT but if thy word was denied, thou didst not speak again in the assembly of the nobles, even iſ thou wast desired. Now, therefore, that thou hast thought on this matter which has come to thy mind, let thy heart not change again ; for this thy Heaven (queen), who is in the palace is fixed, she is flourish- ing, she is enjoying the best in the kingdom of the land, and her children are in the chambers of the palace. “Leave all the riches that thou hast, and that are with thee, altogether. When thou shalt come into Egypt behold the palace, and when thou shalt enter the palace, bow thy face to the ground before the Great House ; thou shalt be chief among the companions. And day by day behold thou growest old ; thy vigour is lost, and thou thinkest on the day of burial. Thou shalt see thyself come to the blessed state, they shall give thee the bandages from the hand of Tait, the night of applying the oil of embalming. They shall follow thy funeral, THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT I I 5 and visit the tomb on the day of burial, which shall be in a gilded case, the head painted with blue, a canopy of cypress wood above thee, and oxen shall draw thee, the singers going before thee, and they shall dance the funeral dance. The weepers crouching at the door of thy tomb shall cry aloud the prayers for offerings : they shall slay victims for thee at the door of thy pit; and thy pyramid shall be carved in white stone, in the company of the royal children. Thus thou shalt not die in a strange land, nor be buried by the Amu ; thou shalt not be laid in a sheep-skin when thou art buried; all people shall beat the earth, and lament on thy body when thou goest to the tomb.” When this order came to me, I was in the midst of my tribe. When it was read unto me, I threw me on the dust, I threw dust in my hair ; I went around my tent II 6 THE ADVENTURES OF SANE HAT rejoicing and saying, “How may it be that such a thing is done to the servant, who with a rebellious heart has fled to strange lands Now with an excellent deliverance, and mercy delivering me from death, thou shall cause me to end my days in the palace.” Copy of the answer to this order. “The follower Sanehat says: In excellent peace above everything consider of this flight that he made here in his ignorance ; Thou, the Good God, Lord of both Lands, Loved of Ra, Favourite of Mentu, the lord of Thebes, and of Amen, lord of thrones of the lands, of Sebek, Ra, Horus, Hathor, Atmu, and of his fellow-gods, of Sopdu, Neferbiu, Samsetu, Horus, lord of the east, and of the royal uraeus which rules on thy head, of the chief gods of the waters, of Min, Horus of the desert, Urrit, mistress of Punt, Nut, Harnekht, Ra, all the gods of the land of Egypt, and of the isles of the sea, May they give life and peace to THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT I I 7 thy nostril, may they load thee with their gifts, may they give to thee eternity without end, everlastingness without bound. May the fear of thee be doubled in the lands of the deserts. Mayest thou subdue the circuit of the sun's disc. This is the prayer to his master of the humble servant who is saved from a foreign land. “O wise king, the wise words which are pronounced in the wisdom of the majesty of the sovereign, thy humble servant fears to tell. It is a great thing to repeat. O great God, like unto Ra in fulfilling that to which he has set his hand, what am I that he should take thought for me Am I among those whom he regards, and for whom he arranges Thy majesty is as Horus, and the strength of thy arms extends to all lands. “Then let his Majesty bring Maki of Adma, Kenti-au-ush of Khenti-keshu, and Tenus from the two lands of the Fenkhu ; these are the princes who bear witness of II 8 THE ADVENTURES OF SANE HAT me as to all that has passed, out of love for thyself. Does not Tenu believe that it belongs to thee like thy dogs. Behold this flight that I have made : I did not have it in my heart ; it was like the leading of a dream, as a man of Adehi (Delta) sees himself in Abu (Elephantine), as a man of the plain of Egypt who sees himself in the deserts. There was no fear, there was no hastening after me, I did not listen to an evil plot, my name was not heard in the mouth of the magistrate ; but my limbs went, my feet wandered, my heart drew me my god commanded this flight, and drew me on ; but I am not stiff-necked. Does a man fear when he sees his own land : Ra spread thy fear over the land, thy terrors in every strange land. Behold me now in the palace, behold me in this place; and lo I thou art he who is over all the horizon ; the sun rises at thy pleasure, the water in the rivers is drunk at thy will, the wind in heaven is breathed at thy saying. THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT 119 “I who speak to thee shall leave my goods to the generations to follow in this land. And as to this messenger who is come even let thy majesty do as pleaseth him, for one lives by the breath that thou givest. O thou who art beloved of Ra, of Horus, and of Hathor ; Mentu, lord of Thebes, desires that thy august nostril should live for ever.” I made a feast in Iaa, to pass over my goods to my children. My eldest son was leading my tribe, all my goods passed to him, and I gave him my corn and all my cattle, my fruit, and all my pleasant trees. When I had taken my road to the south, and arrived at the roads of Horus, the officer who was over the garrison sent a messenger to the palace to give notice. His majesty sent the good Overseer of the peasants of the king's domains, and boats laden with presents from the king for the Sati who ,” I 20 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT had come to conduct me to the roads of Horus. I spoke to each one by his name, and I gave the presents to each as was intended. I received and I returned the Salutation, and I continued thus until I reached the city of Thetu. When the land was brightened, and the new day began, four men came with a Summons for me; and the four men went to lead me to the palace. I saluted with both my hands on the ground; the royal children stood at the courtyard to conduct me : the courtiers who were to lead me to the hall brought me on the way to the royal chamber. I found his Majesty on the great throne in the hall of pale gold. Then I threw myself on my belly ; this god, in whose presence I was, knew me not. He questioned me graciously, but I was as one seized with blindness, my spirit fainted, my limbs failed, my heart was no longer in my bosom, and I knew the difference THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT I 2 I between life and death. His majesty said to one of the companions, “Lift him up, let him speak to me.” And his majesty said, “Behold thou hast come, thou hast trodden the deserts, thou hast played the wanderer. Decay falls on thee, old age has reached thee; it is no small thing that thy body should be embalmed, that the Pedtiu shall not bury thee. Do not, do not, be silent and speechless ; tell thy name ; is it fear that prevents thee?” I answered in reply, “I fear, what is it that my lord has said that I should answer it I have not called on me the hand of God, but it is terror in my body, like that which brings sudden death. Now behold I am before thee; thou art life ; let thy majesty do what pleaseth him.” The royal children were brought in, and his majesty said to the queen, “Behold thou Sanehat has come as an Amu, whom the Sati have produced.” She cried aloud, and the royal children I 22 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT f spake with one voice, saying, before his majesty, “Verily it is not so, O king, my lord.” Said his majesty, “It is verily he.” Then they brought their collars, and their wands, and their sistra in their hands, and displayed them before his majesty; and they Sang– “May thy hands prosper, O king ; May the ornaments of the Lady of Heaven continue. May the goddess Nub give life to thy nostril ; May the mistress of the stars favour thee, when thou sailest South and north. All wisdom is in the mouth of thy majesty; Thy uraeus is on thy forehcad, thou drivest away thc miserable. Thou art pacified, O Ra, lord of the lands ; They call on thee as on the mistress of all, Strong is thy horn, Thou lettest fly thine arrow. Grant the breath to him who is without it ; Grant good things to this traveller, Samchit the Pedti, born in the land of Egypt, Who fled away from ſcar of thee, And fled this land from thy terrors. Does not the face grow palc, of him who beholds thy countenance ; Does not the eye fear, which looks upon thee.' ń. ſº | É== º | rº-sm.--~~" it—— :3:= ț¢ £ ſiſ Ëë £5. }§yºutugtae I | º º i ###! =< iſj º | i º ſlº º sº tº sº º º 㺠º º º º scº sº | * * † tº ºa º sai # º º º,' ſ * * * §º º º º º: | t [. º Nº. O º ſ " º § W W i. | º º º W W W. it. *: * a W N º º º N º, * * º sº 3. | isfra, Sii s ESSES º, l’ R J N C * Tl I E * S . . . SON (S OF T} | E. THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT 125 Said his majesty, “Let him not fear, let him be freed from terror. He shall be a Royal Friend amongst the nobles; he shall be put within the circle of the courtiers. Go ye to the chamber of praise to seek wealth for him.” When I went out from the palace, the royal children offered their hands to me; we walked afterwards to the Great Gates. I was placed in a house of a king's son, in which were delicate things, a place of coolness, fruits of the granary, treasures of the White House, clothes of the king's guardrobe, frankincense, the finest perfumes of the king and the nobles whom he loves, in every chamber. All the servitors were in their several offices. Years were removed from my limbs : I was shaved, and polled my locks of hair ; the foulness was cast to the desert with the garments of the Nemau-sha. I clothed me in fine linen, and anointed myself with the fine oil of Egypt ; I laid me on a bed. I I 26 THE ADVENTURES OF SAN E HAT gave up the sand to those who lie on it ; the oil of wood to him who would anoint him— self therewith. There was given to me the mansion of a lord of serfs, which had be— longed to a royal friend. There many ex- *: | | || || , ſº . º | | } ſº* º |% t *::3%2 ||| |\\\\\? ~2% º }\ | ºn tºº. WN w :-" ºf . Sºº ~ ºn º: 2 **ś, ^ E --> ºº: A wº- > -º | *. -- wº. % . . .'', ---- sº - º - - - - - - - - z - - - - z - - - -- —- - - * 2. * - --- = 2^ - , º % -— . * T --- - - / - - - º -- º ~ * - * * ornatinº ... - - º sº º º Tºwels ----— . . ~ : TIII. SIIAVING OF SANEIIAT cellent things were in its buildings; all its wood was renewed. There were brought to me portions from the palace, thrice and four times each day; besides the gifts of the royal children, always, without ceasing. There was built for me a pyramid of stone REMARKS - I 27 amongst the pyramids. The overseer of the architects measured its ground ; the chief treasurer wrote it; the sacred masons cut the well ; the chief of the labourers on the tombs brought the bricks; all things used to make strong a building were there used. There were given to me peasants; there were made for me a garden, and fields in it before my mansion, as is done for the chief royal friend. My statue was inlayed with gold, its girdle of pale gold ; his majesty caused it to be made. Such is not done to a man of low degree. May I be in the favour of the king until the day shall come of my death. (This is finished from beginning to end, as was found in the writing.) R E.1/4 R KS The Adventures of Sanehat appears to have been a popular tale, as portions of three copies remain. The first papyrus I 28 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT known (Berlin No. 1) was imperfect at the beginning ; but since then a flake of lime- stone found in a tomb bore the beginning of the tale, and the same part is found on a papyrus in the Amherst collection. The main text has been translated by Chabas (“Le papyrus de Berlin,” 37–51), Goodwin, and Maspero (“Mel. d’arch.," iii. 68, 140, and “Contes Populaire," 89–130); while the beginning is treated in “Mémoires de l'institut Egyptien," ii. 1–23, and in Proc. S.B.A., 452. The present translation is mainly based on Mr. Griffith's readings in all cases of difficulty. This is perhaps the most interesting of all the tales, because it bears such signs of being written in the times of which it treats, it throws so much light on the life of the time in Egypt and Syria, and if not a real narra- tive, it is at least so probable that it may be accepted without much difficulty. For my own part, I incline to look on it as strictly historical ; and in the absence of a single REMARKS I 29 point of doubt, I shall here treat it as seriously as the biographical inscriptions of the early tombs. Possibly some day the tomb of Sanehat may be found, and the whole inscription be read complete upon the walls. The name Sa-nehat means “son of the sycamore,” probably from his having been born, or living, at Some place where was a celebrated Sacred sycamore. This was a common tree in ancient, as in modern, Egypt; but an allusion in the tale, to Sanehat turning his back on the sycamore, when he was fleeing apparently up the west side of the Delta, makes it probable that the sycamore was that of Aa-tenen, now Batnun, at the middle of the west side of the Delta. The titles given to Sanehat at the opening are of a very high rank, and imply that he was the son either of the king or of a great noble. And his position in the queen's household shows him to have been of im– portance ; the manner in which he is received I O 130 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT by the royal family at the end implying that he was quite familiar with them in early days. But the great difficulty in the account has been the sudden panic of Sanehat on hearing of the death of Amenemhat, and no explana- tion of this has yet been brought forward. It seems not unlikely that he was a son of Amenemhat by some concubine. This would at once account for his high titles—for his belonging to the royal household—for his fear of his elder brother Usertesen, who might see in him a rival, and try to slay him after his father's death—for the command to him to leave all his possessions and family behind him in Syria, as the condition of his being allowed to return to end his days in Egypt—for his familiar reception by the royal family, and for the property given to him on his return. The date recorded for the death of Sehote- pabra—Amenemhat I., the founder of the XIIth Dynasty—agrees with the limit of his reign on the monuments. And the expres- REMARKS I 3 I sions for his death are valuable as showing the manner in which a king's decease was regarded ; under the emblem of a hawk—the bird of Ra—he flew up and joined the Sun. Sometime before his death Amenemhat had been in retirement; after twenty years of reign (which was probably rather late in his life, as he seems to have forced his way to the front as a successful man and founder of a family) he had associated his son, the first Usertesen, on the throne, and apparently resigned active life; for in the third year of Usertesen we find the coregent summoning his court and decreeing the founding of the temple of Heliopolis without any mention of his father. The old king, however, lived yet ten years after his retirement, and died (as this narrative shows us) during an expedi- tion of his son Usertesen. The time of year mentioned here would fall in about the middle of the inundation in those days. Hence it seems that the military expeditions were made after the harvest was 132 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT secured, and while the country was under water and the population disengaged from Other labour. The course of Sanehat's flight southward, reaching the Nile at Cairo after two days' haste, indicates that the army was somewhere west of the Delta. This would point to its being on the road to the oasis of the Natron Lakes, which would be the natural course for a body of men needing water supply. His throwing himself between two bushes to hide from the army shows that the message came early in the day, otherwise he would have fled in the dark. He then fled a day's journey to the south, turning his back on the sycamore, and slept in the open field at Shi-Seneferu somewhere below the Barrage. The second day he reached the Nile opposite Old Cairo in the afternoon, and ferried himself over, passed the quarries at Gebel Mokattam, and the red hill of Gebel Ahmar, and came to a frontier wall before dark. This cannot have been far from Old Cairo, by the time ; REMARKS I 33 and as Heliopolis was in course of building by Usertesen, it would be probably on the desert near there, for the protection of the town. Passing the desert guards by night he pushed on and reached Peten, near Belbeis, by dawn, and turned east toward the valley of Kemur, or Wady Tumilat. Here in his extremity he was found by the Sati or Asiatics, and rescued. This shows that the eastern desert was left to the wandering tribes, and was without any regular govern- ment at this period; though all the eastern Delta was already well in Egyptian hands, as we know by the monuments at Bubastis, Dedamun, and Tanis. The land of Adim to which Sanehat fled appears to be the same as Edom or the south- east corner of Syria. It was evidently near the upper Tenu, or Rutennu, who seem to have dwelt on the hill country of Palestine. The hill and the plain of Palestine are so markedly different, that in all ages they have tended to be held by opposing people. In 134 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT the time of Sanehat the upper Tenu who held the hills were opposed to the Tenu in general who held the plains ; later on the Semites of the hills opposed the Philistines of the plain, and now the fellah of the hills opposes the Bedawi of the plain. The district of Amuanshi in which Sanehat settled was a goodly land, bearing figs and grapes and olives, flowing with wine and honey and oil, - yielding barley and wheat without end, and much cattle. This abundance points rather to the hill country near Hebron or between there and Beit Jibrin, as this south part of the hills is notably fertile. The Tenu who came to defy Sanehat, being in opposition to the upper Tenu, were probably those of the plain; and the opposition to Sanehat may have arisen from his encroaching on the fertile plain at the foot of his hills, as he was in the best of the land “on the border of the next land.” The Egyptian was evidently looked on as being of a superior race by the Tenu, and REMARKS I 35 his civilisation won for him the confidence which many wandering Englishmen now find in Africa or Polynesia, like John Dunn. The set combat of two champions seems—by the large gathering—to have been a well- recognised custom among the Tenu, while it exactly accords with Goliath's offer in later times. And raising the shout of victory on the back of the fallen champion reminds us of David's standing on Goliath. The transition from the recital of the Syrian adventures to the petition to Pharaoh is not marked in the manuscript ; but from the construction the beginning of the petition is evidently at the place here marked. The manner in which Sanehat appeals to the queen shows how well he must have been known to her in his former days. The decree in reply to Sanehat is in the regular style of royal decrees of the period. Apparently by a clerical error the scribe has Substituted the name Amenemhat for Userte- Sen, but the Horus name and the throne name 136 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT leave no doubt that Usertesen I. is intended here. The tone of the reply is as gracious as possible, according with the king's cha- racter as stated by Sanehat, “He is a friend of great Sweetness, and knows how to gain love.” He quite recognises the inquiries after the queen, and replies concerning her. And then he assures Sanehat of welcome on his return, and promises him all that he asks, including a tomb “in the company of the royal children,” a full recognition of his real rank. Incidentally we learn that the Amu buried their dead wrapped in a sheep's skin ; as we also learn, further on, that they anointed themselves with oil (olive 2), wore the hair long, and slept on the ground. The funeral that is promised accords with the burials of the XIIth Dynasty : the gilded case, the head painted blue, and the canopy of cypress wood, are all known of this period, but would be out of place in describing a Ramesside burial. e Sanehat's reply is a full course of the usual REMARKS 137 religious adulation, and differs in this remark- ably from his petition. In fact it is hard to be certain where his petition begins; possibly the opening of it has been lost out of the text in copying from a mutilated papyrus; or possibly it was sent merely as a memorandum of Sanehat's position and desires, without ven- turing to address it personally to the king ; or even it may have not been allowable then to make such petitions formally, so as to leave the initiative to the king's free will, just as it is not allowable nowadays to question royalty, but only to answer when spoken to. The proposal to bring forward his fellow- sheikhs as witnesses of his unabated loyalty is very curious, and seems superfluous after Usertesen's assurances. Beyond Abisha of the Amu at Beni Hasan, these are the only early personal names of Syrians that we know. The Fenkhu in this connection can hardly be other than the Phoenicians; and, if So, this points to their being already estab- 138 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT lished in southern Syria at this date. But these chiefs were not allowed to come for- ward ; and it seems to have been the policy of Egypt to keep the Syrians off as much as possible, not a single man who came with Sanehat being allowed to cross the frontier. The allusion to the Tenu belonging to Pharaoh, like his dogs, is peculiarly fitting to this period, as the dog seems to have been more familiarly domesticated in the XIth and XIIth Dynasties than at any other age, and dogs are often then represented on the funereal steles, even with their names. The expression for strangeness—“as a man of the Delta sees himself at the cataract, as a man of the plain who sees himself in the deserts”—is true to this day. Nothing upsets an Egyptian's self-reliance like going back a few miles into the desert ; and almost any man of the cultivated plain will flee with terror if he finds himself left alone far in the desert, or even taken to the top of the desert hills. REMARKS I 39 We learn incidentally that the Egyptian frontier, even in the later years of Usertesen I., had not been pushed beyond the Wady Tumilat ; for Sanehat travels south to the Roads of Horus, where he finds the frontier garrison, and leaves his Syrian friends; and there laden boats meet him, showing that it must have been somewhere along a water- way from the Nile. The abasement of Sanehat might well be due to natural causes, beside the reverence for the divine person of the king. The Egyptian court must have seemed oppres– sively splendid, with the brilliant and costly workmanship of Usertesen, to one who had lived a half-wild life for so many years; and, more than that, the recalling of all his early days and habits and friendships would over- whelm his mind and make it difficult to collect his thoughts. Sanehat's appearance was so much changed by his long hair, his age, and his strange dress, that his former mistress and com- 140 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT panions could not recognise him. The use of collars and sceptres in the song and dance is not clear to us. The sistra were, of course, to beat or rattle in time with the song; the sceptres or wands were perhaps the same as the engraved wands of ivory common in the XIIth Dynasty, or of blue glazed ware in XVIIIth, and would be used to wave or beat time with ; but the use of the collar and counterpoise, or memat, is unexplained, though figures of dancers are shown holding a collar and menat, and such objects were found buried in the ceremonial foundation deposit of Tahutmes III. at Koptos. This song of the princesses is clearly in parallel phrases. First are four wishes for the king and queen, in four lines. Second, an ascription of wisdom and power, in two lines. Third, a comparison of the king to Ra, and of the queen to the great goddess, in two lines. Fourth, an ascription of fighting power. Fifth, a petition for Sanehat, wind- ing up with the statement of fear inspired by REMARKS I4 I the king, as explaining Sanehat's abasement. To this the king responds by reassuring Sanehat, and promising him position and wealth. The account of Sanehat's renewal of his old national ways can best be appreciated by any one who has lived a rough life for a time and then comes back to civilisation. Doubt- less these comforts were all the more grateful to him in his old age, when he was weary of his unsettled life. In the preparation of his tomb it is stated to have been a pyramid, with rock-cut well chamber, and built of bricks above. This just accords with the construction of the pyramids of the XIIth Dynasty. The last phrase implies that this was com- posed during Sanehat's life; and such a life would be so remarkable that this biography might be prepared with good reason. Also it is very unlikely that a mere story-teller would have dropped the relation without describing his grand funeral which was pro- 142 THE ADVENTURES OF SANEHAT mised to him. From suddenly stopping at the preparation of the tomb, without going further, we have a strong presumption that this was a true narrative, written at Sanehat's dictation, and probably intended to be in- scribed on his tomb wall. In any case, we have here an invaluable picture of life in Palestine and in Egypt, and the relations of the two countries, at an epoch before the time of Abraham, and not paralleled by any other document until more than a thousand years later. IND EX AA-TENEN, I29 Adim (Edom), IO2, I 33 Age of I IO years, 25 Ahnas, 76 Aku, IOO Amen, priestesses of, 50 Amenemhat I., death, 97, I 30 Amu, burial of, II 5, I 36 Amu-an-shi, IO2–IO3 Ankhet-Usertesen, 97 ASri, 62 Asses, 61–78; sacrificed, 90, 95 BATHING at even, II Baufra, I6 Beating of servants, 42 ; of sekhti, 7o Brewing barley, 41 Burial of Amu, I 15, 136 Burning, punishment of, 15, 51, 89 Burnt-offering, 83 CASKET of ebony, II Champion fight, IOS Combat, single, IO9 Crocodile, carried away by, I 5, 45; magic, II DANCING girls, 34-57 Date of Hordedeſ's tale, 55 Decree royal, II 3, 135 Dedi, 22, 54 Ded-Sneferu, 22, 54 Diadem's hidden, 38 Dogs, I 38 Dyke path, 62 ENCHANTED crocodile, I I ; duck, 28; isle, 83–87, 94 ; OX, 3 I - FEFA, 61 Fenkhu, I 17, 137 Flax binding, 42 Funeral ceremonies, I 15, 136 I44. INDEX GEBEL AHMAR, IOO, 132 Goliath, 135 HAKT, 33–37 Heliopolis, 31 Hemti, or typical workman, 62, 76 Henenseten, 61, 76 Herakleopolis, 76 IAA, IoS, II9 Isis, 33–38 Isle of the blessed, 87 Jewel found, 21 ; lost, 17 KANEFER, 97 Kemur, IOI, I.33 Khafra, 9 Kher-ahau, Ioo Khnumu, 34–38 Khufu, 9 Kings of the Vth Dynasty, 37, 55 King's decease, 97, I 30 LAPIS Lazuli, 34, 56, 83, 95 Letopolis, 32 MAGIC, belief in, 50 ; crocodile, II ; powers over animals, 25 ; serpent, 83 Malachite jewel, 17, 2I Medum, 54 Mentu, I IO Meruitensa, 62–66 Meskhent, 33–37 Mourning, 45, 98 NATRON lakes, I 32 Nebhat, 33–37 Nebka, 9, 15 Neb-ka-n-ra, 69 Nemau-shaw, IoS, I26 Nets for garments, 17 Nobles, council of, 67, 79 OARS, I7; Steering, I7, 53 inlayed, PALESTINE, I 33 Path, rights of, 77; stopped, 62 Peten, IOI, I 33 Petitions of Sekhti, 68, 73 ; of Sanehat, I IO, II6 Pleasure, demand for new, 16, 53 Present of garments, Io, 50 Priestly descent of Vth Dynasty, 56 Proverbs, 28, 65, 78, I 18, 138 Ptah of Ankhtaui, 9 Punishment, capital, 28 ; burn- ing, I5, 51, 89 Purification of women, 41, 57 RA, children of 32, 55 ; Son of, title, 55 ; temple of, 32 Ra-user, 34 Rowers, maidens, 17 Rubbing by servants, 26 Rud-didet, 31, 55; children of, 33–38 SAK HIEBU, 32 Salutations, 26, 27 INDEX I 45 Sanehat, 97–142 Sati, IOO–12I Sealing property, 41, 57 Sekhet Hemat, 61-77 Sekhti, or typical peasant, 61, 76 Seneferu, I6 Senmut, 81 Ship, 25, 82 Shi-Seneferu, IOO, I32 Song of princesses, I22, 140 Steerer, I7, 53, 54 Storm raised, 38, 82 Syrian chiefs, IO2, I 17, 137 TAHUTí, dwelling of, 25, 55 Tedium, ancient, 53 Temehu (Lybians), 98 I I Temple of Ptah, 9, Io Tenu, IO2, IO7, II 7, I33 Thetu, I2O Trespass, 65 UBA-ANER, IO, 49 Usertesen I., 98, I31 WADY Tumilat, 133 Water party, 17 Waters removed, 2I Wawat (Nubia), 81 Wax figures, II, 5 I Women, position of, 49 ; rights of 49, 50 ZAZAMANKH, I6, 18, 22 (Iije (5te gljam Đregg, WJNWIN BROTHERS CHILWORTH AND LONDON. A LIST OF NEW BOOKS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS OF METHUEN AND COMPANY PUBLISHERS : LONDON 36 ESSEX STREET W.C. C O N T E N T S PAGE FORTHcom ING Books, . º - º * 2 PoETRY, - - e - º - I 3 GENERAL LITERATURE, e - º * I5 THEOLOGY, - * - - º * 17 I.EADERs of RELIGION, º - s e 18 WORKS By S. BARING Gould, . w e * I9 FICTION, - e e - - * 2I NOVEL SERIES, . º - - º e 24 BOOKS For BOYS AND GIRLs, . - º º 25 THE PEACOCK LIBRARY, - - w * 26 UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERIES, - e - 26 SOCIAL QUESTIONS OF TO-DAY, * * * 28 CLASSICAL TRANSLATIONS, . - e - 29 COMMERCIAL SERIES, . - - • - 29 WORKS BY A. M. M. STEDMAN, M.A., . * & 3O SCHOOL EXAMINATION SERIES, * e - 32 PRIMARY CLAssics, e - - O C T O B E R 1894 OCTOBER 1894. MESSR.S. M ET H U EN'S A N N O U N C E M E N T S Poetry Rudyard Kipling. BALLADS. By RUDYARD KIPLING. Crown 820. Azeckrame. 63. [May 1895. The announcement of a new volume of poetry from Mr. Kipling will excite wide interest. 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Demy 8vo. £I, Is. Also 15 copies on Japanese paper. Dewy Szo. £2, 2s. A collection of the best verse inspired by the birth of Christ from the Middle Ages to the present day. Mr. Walter Crane has designed some beautiful illustrations. A distinction of the book is the large number of poems it contains by modern authors, a few of which are here printed for the first time. Jane Barlow. THE BATTLE OF THE FROGS AND MICE, translated by JANE BARLOW, Author of ‘Irish Idylls,’ and pictured by F. D. BED FORD. Small 4to. 6s. 7tet. Also 50 copies on Japanese paper. 4to. 30s. 7tet. This is a new version of a famous old fable. Miss Barlow, whose brilliant volume of ‘Irish Idylls' has gained her a wide reputation, has told the story in spirited ſlowing verse, and Mr. Bedford's numerous illustrations and ornaments are as spirited as the verse they picture. The book will be one of the most beautiful and original books possible. 4. MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST §Debotional 2500kg With full-page Illustrations. THE IMITATION OF CHRIST. By THOMAS A KEMPIs. With an Introduction by ARCHDEACON FARRAR. Illustrated by C. M. GERE. Aſcap. 820. 3s. 6d. Also 25 copies on hand-made paper. I 53. THE CHRISTIAN YEAR. By JoHN KEBLE. With an Intro- duction and Notes by W. LOCK, M.A., Sub-Warden of Keble College, Author of ‘The Life of John Keble.” Illustrated by R. ANNING BELL. Feap. 820. 5s. Also 25 copies on hand-made paper. I 5s. These two volumes will be charming editions of two famous books, finely illus- trated and printed in black and red. The scholarly introductions will give them an added value, and they will be beautiful to the eye, and of convenient size. General Literature Gibbon. THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. By EDwARD GIBBON. A New Edition, edited with Notes and Appendices and Maps by J. B. BURy, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. In seven volumes. Crown 8vo. The time seems to have arrived for a new edition of Gibbon's great work—furnished with such notes and appendices as may bring it up to the standard of recent his- torical research. Edited by a scholar who has made this period his special study, and issued in a convenient form and at a moderate price, this edition should fill an obvious void. Flinders Petrie. A HISTORY OF EGYPT, FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE HYKSOs. By W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE, D.C. L., Professor of Egyptology at University College. Aully Z//us- trated. Crown 870. 6s. This volume is the first of an illustrated History of Egypt in six volumes, intended both for students and for general reading and reference, and will present a com- plete record of what is now known, both of dated monuments and of events, from the prehistoric age down to modern times. For the earlier periods every trace of the various kings will be noticed, and all historical questions will be fully discussed. The volumes will cover the following periods;– I. Prehistoric to Hyksos times. By Prof. Flinders Petrie. II. xv.111th to xxth Dynasties. III. xxist to xxxth Dynasties. IV. The Ptolemaic Rule. V. The Roman Rule. VI. The Muhammedan Rule. The volumes will be issued separately. The first will be ready in the autumn, the Muhammedan volume early next year, and others at intervals of half a year. MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST 5 Flinders Petrie. EGYPTIAN DECORATIVE ART. By W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE, D.C. L. With I2O Illustrations. Crowſ2 8vo. 3s. 6d. A book which deals with a subject which has never yet been seriously treated. Flinders Petrie. EGYPTIAN TALES. Edited by W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE. Illustrated by TRISTRAM ELLIS. Crown Szo. 3s. 6d. A selection of the ancient tales of Egypt, edited from original sources, and of great importance as illustrating the life and society of ancient Egypt. Southey. ENGLISH SEAMEN (Howard, Clifford, Hawkins, Drake, Cavendish). By ROBERT SouTHEY. Edited, with an Introduction, by DAVID HANNAY. Crown 8vo. 6s. This is a reprint of some excellent biographies of Elizabethan seamen, written by Southey and never republished. They are practically unknown, and they de- serve, and will probably obtain, a wide popularity. Waldstein. JOHN RUSKIN : a Study. By CHARLEs WALD- STEIN, M.A., Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. With a Photo- gravure Portrait after Professor HERKOMER. Aost 820. 5s. Also 25 copies on Japanese paper. Demy 820. 2 Is. This is a frank and fair appreciation of Mr. Ruskin's work and influence—literary and social—by an able critic, who has enough admiration to make him sym- pathetic, and enough discernment to make him impartial. Henley and Whibley. A BOOK OF ENGLISH PROSE. Collected by W. E. HENLEY and CHARLES WHIBLEY. Cr. 829. 6s, Also 40 copies on Dutch paper. 2 Is. 7tet. Also I5 copies on Japanese paper. 42s. 1764. A companion book to Mr. Henley's well-known “Lyra Heroica.’ It is believed that no such collection of splendid prose has ever been brought within the compass of one volume. Each piece, whether containing a character-sketch or incident, is complete in itself. The book will be finely printed and bound. Robbins. THE EARLY LIFE OF WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE. By A. F. ROBBINs. JWith Portraits. Crown Szo. 6s. A full account of the early part of Mr. Gladstone's extraordinary career, based on much research, and containing a good deal of new matter, especially with regard to his school and college days. Baring Gould. THE DESERTS OF SOUTH CENTRAL FRANCE. By S. BARING Gould, With numerous Illustrations by F. D. BEDFORD, S. HUTTON, etc. 2 vols. Demy Swo. 32s. This book is the first serious attempt to describe the great barren tableland that extends to the south of Limousin in the Department of Aveyron, Lot, etc., a çoğntry of dolomite cliffs, and cañons, and subterranean rivers. The region is full of prehistoric and historic interest, relics of cave-dwellers, of mediæval robbers, and of the English domination and the Hundred Years' War. The book is lavishly illustrated. 6 MESSRS, METHUEN'S LIST Baring Gould. A GARLAND OF COUNTRY SONG : English Folk Songs with their traditional melodies. Collected and arranged by S. BARING Gould and H. FLEETwoOD SHEPPARD. Royal 8vo. 6s. In collecting West of England airs for ‘Songs of the West,’ the editors came across a number of songs and airs of considerable merit, which were known throughout England and could not justly be regarded as belonging to Devon and Cornwall. Some fifty of these are now given to the world. Oliphant. THE FRENCH RIVIERA. By Mrs. OLIPHANT and F. R. OLIPHANT. With Illustrations and Maps. Crown 8vo. 6s. A volume dealing with the French Riviera from Toulon to Mentone. Without fall- ing within the guide-book category, the book will supply some useful practical information, while occupying itself chiefly with descriptive and historical matter. A special feature will be the attention directed to those portions of the Riviera, which, though full of interest and easily accessible from many well-frequented spots, are generally left unvisited by English travellers, such as the Maures Mountains and the St. Tropez district, the country lying between Cannes, Grasse and the Var, and the magnificent valleys behind Nice. There will be several original illustrations. George. BATTLES OF ENGLISH HISTORY. By H. B. GEORGE, M.A., Fellow of New College, Oxford. With numerous Plans. Crown 8vo. 6s. This book, by a well-known authority on military history, will be an important contribution to the literature of the subject. All the great battles of English history are fully described, connecting chapters carefully treat of the changes wrought by new discoveries and developments, and the healthy Spirit of patriotism is nowhere absent from the pages. Shedlock. THE PIANOFORTE SONATA: Its Origin and Development. By J. S. SHEDLOCK. Crown 8vo. 5s. This is a practical and not unduly technical account of the Sonata treated histori- cally. It contains several novel features, and an account of various works little known to the English public. Jenks. ENGLISH LOCAL GOVERNMENT. By E JENKs, M.A., Professor of Law at University College, Liverpool. Crown 8zo. 2s. 6d. A short account of Local Government, historical and explanatory, which will appear very opportunely. MESSRS, METHUEN'S LIST 7 Dixon. A PRIMER OF TENNYSON. By W. M. DIXON, M.A., Professor of English Literature at Mason College. Feap. 8vo. Is. 6d. This book consists of (1) a succinct but complete biography of Lord Tennyson; (2) an account of the volumes published by him in chronological order, dealing with the more important poems separately ; (3) a concise criticism of Tennyson in his various aspects as lyrist, dramatist, and representative poet of his day; (4) a bibliography. Such a complete book on such a subject, and at such a moderate price, should find a host of readers. Oscar Browning. THE AGE OF THE CONDOTTIERI : A Short History of Italy from 1409 to 1530. By OSCAR BROWNING, M.A., Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. Crown 820. 53. This book is a continuation of Mr. Browning's ‘Guelphs and Ghibellines,' and the two works form a complete account of Italian history from 1250 to 1530. Layard. RELIGION IN BOYHOOD. Notes on the Reli- gious Training of Boys. With a Preface by J. R. ILLINGWORTH. By E. B. LAYARD, M.A. 18mo. Is. Chalmers Mitchell, OUTLINES OF BIOLOGY. By P. CHALMERS MITCHELL, M.A., F. Z.S. Fully Z!/ustrated. Crown 8zo. 6s. A text-book designed to cover the new Schedule issued by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons. Malden. ENGLISH RECORDS. A Companion to the History of England. By H. E. MALDEN, M.A. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. A book which aims at concentrating information upon dates, genealogy, officials, constitutional documents, etc., which is usually found scattered in different volumes. Hutton. THE VACCINATION QUESTION. A Letter to the Right Hon. H. H. ASQUITH, M.P. By A. W. HUTTON, M. A. Crown 8vo. Leaders of Religion AVE IV VOA. UMASS Crown 820. 3s. 6d. LANCELOT ANDREWES, Bishop of Winchester. By R. L. QTTLEY, Principal of Pusey House, Oxford, and Fellow of Mag- dalen. With Portrait. ST. AUGUSTINE of Canterbury. By E. L. CUTTs, D.D. With a Portraží. THOMAS CHALMERS. By Mrs. OLIPHANT. Iſºſ, a Portrait. Second AEdition. JOHN KEBLE. By WALTER LOCK, Sub-Warden of Keble College. With a Portrait. Sezenth AEdition. 8 MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST English Classics Edited by W. E. HENLEy. Messrs. Methuen propose to publish, under this title, a series of the masterpieces of the English tongue. The ordinary ‘cheap edition' appears to have served its purpose: the public has found out the artist-printer, and is now ready for something better fashioned. This, then, is the moment for the issue of such a series as, while well within the reach of the average buyer, shall be at once an ornament to the shelf of him that owns, and a delight to the eye of him that reads. The series, of which Mr. William Ernest Henley is the general editor, will confine itself to no single period or department of literature. Poetry, fiction, drama, biography, autobiography, letters, essays—in all these fields is the material of many goodly volumes. The books, which are designed and printed by Messrs. Constable, will be issued in two editions— (I) A small edition, on the finest Japanese vellum, limited in most cases to 75 copies, demy 8vo, 2 Is. a volume nett; (2) The popular edition on laid paper, crown 8vo, buckram, 3s. 6d. a volume. The first six numbers are :- THE LIFE AND OPINIONS OF TRISTRAM SHANDY. By LAwRENCE STERNE. With an Introduction by CIIARLES WHIBLEY, and a Portrait. 2 zºols. THE WORKS OF WILLIAM CON GREVE. With an Intro- duction by G. S. STREET, and a Portrait. 2 vols. THE LIVES OF DONNE, WOTTON, HOOKER, HERBERT, AND SANDERSON. By IzAAK WALTON. With an Introduction by VERNON BLACKBURN, and a Portrait. THE ADVENTURES OF HADJI BABA OF ISPAHAN. By JAMES MoRIER. With an Introduction by E. S. BROWNE, M.A. THE POEMS OF ROBERT BURNS. With an Introduction by W. E. HENLEY, and a Portrait. 2 vols. THE LIVES OF THE ENGLISH POETS. By SAMUEL JoHNSON, LL.D. With an Introduction by JoHN HEPBURN MILLAR, and a Portrait. 32.0/s. Classical Translations AVAE IV VOIC UA)/AES Crown 8vo. Finely printed and bound in blue buckram. LUCIAN-Six Dialogues (Nigrinus, Icaro-Menippus, The Cock, The Ship, The Parasite, The Lover of Falsehood), Translated by S. T. Irwin, M.A., Assistant Master at Clifton; late Scholar of Exeter College, Oxford. 3s. 6d. MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST 9 SOPHOCLES-Electra and Ajax. Translated by E. D. A. MoRSHEAD, M.A., late Scholar of New College, Oxford; Assistant Master at Winchester. 2s. 6d. TACITUS–Agricola and Germania. Translated by R. B. Townshend, late Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge. 2s. 6d. CICERO–Select Orations (Pro Milone, Pro Murena, Philippic II., In Catilinam). Translated by H. E. D. BLAKISTON, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College, Oxford. 55. University Extension Series NEW VOLUMES. Crozozt 8:/o. 2s. 6d. THE EARTH. An Introduction to Physiography. By EVAN SMALL, M.A. Zllustrated. INSECT LIFE. By F. W. THEOBALD, M.A. Z//ustrated. Social Questions of To-day AVE W VOL UA/F. Crozzº, 82a. 2s. 6d. WOMEN'S WORK. By LADY DILKE, MISS BULLEY, and MISS WHITLEY. Cheaper Editions Baring Gould. THE TRAGEDY OF THE CAESARS : The Emperors of the Julian and Claudian Lines. With numerous Illus- trations from Busts, Gems, Cameos, etc. By S. BARING GOULD, Author of “Mehalah,” etc. Third Adition. Aoyal Szo. 15s. ‘A most splendid and fascinating book on a subject of undying interest. The great feature of the book is the use the author has made of the existing portraits of the Caesars, and the admirable critical subtlety be has exhibited in dealing with this line of research. It is brilliantly written, and the illustrations are supplied on a scale of profuse magnificence.”—Daily Chronic/e. Clark Russell. THE LIFE OF ADMIRAL LORD COL- LINGWOOD. By W. CLARK R Ussell, Author of ‘The Wreck of the Grosvenor.” With Illustrations by F. BRANGWYN. Second Bdition. 870. 6s. ‘A most excellent and wholesome book, which we should like to see in the bands of every boy in the country."—St. James's Gacct (e. A 2 IO MESSRS, METHUEN's LIST Fiction Baring Gould. KITTY ALONE. By S. BARING GOULD, Author of “Mehalah,’ ‘Cheap Jack Zita,” etc. 3 vols. Crown 820. A romance of Devon life. Norris. MATTHEW AUSTIN. By W. E. NORRIs, Author of ‘Mdle. de Mersai,” etc. 3 zºols. Crown Swo. A story of English social life by the well-known author of ‘The Rogue.” Parker. THE TRAIL OF THE SWORD. By GILBERT PARKER, Author of ‘Pierre and his People,” etc. 2 vols. Crown 8vo. A historical romance dealing with a stirring period in the history of Canada. Anthony Hope. THE GOD IN THE CAR. By ANTHONY HOPE, Author of ‘A Change of Air,” etc. 2 vols. Crown Svo. A story of modern society by the clever author of ‘The Prisoner of Zenda.” Mrs. Watson. THIS MAN'S DOMINION. By the Author of ‘A High Little World.’ 2 vols. Crown, Szo. A story of the conflict between love and religious scruple. Conan Doyle. ROUND THE RED LAMP. By A. ConAN DOYLE, Author of ‘The White Company,’ ‘The Adventures of Sher- lock Holmes,” etc. Crown 820. 6s. This volume, by the well-known author of ‘The Refugees,' contains the experiences of a general practitioner, round whose ‘Red Lamp' cluster many dramas—some sordid, some terrible. The author makes an attempt to draw a few phases of life from the point of view of the man who lives and works behind the lamp. Barr. IN THE MIDST OF ALARMS. By ROBERT BARR, Author of “From Whose Bourne,” etc. Crown Szo. 6s. A story of journalism and Fenians, told with much vigour and humour. Benson. SUBJECT TO VANITY. By MARGARET BENSON. With numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. A volume of humorous and sympathetic sketches of animal life and home pets. X. L. AUT DIABOLUS AUT NIHIL, and Other Stories. By X. L. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. A collection of stories of much weird power. The title story appeared some years ago in ‘Blackwood's Magazine,' and excited considerable attention. The “Spectator' spoke of it as ‘distinctly original, and in the highest degree imagina- tive. The conception, if self-generated, is almost as lofty as Milton’s.’ Morrison. TALES OF MEAN STREETS. By ARTHUR MORRISON. Crown 820. 63. A volume of sketches of East End life, some of which have appeared in the ‘National Observer,' and have been much praised for their truth and strength and pathos. O'Grady. THE COMING OF CURCULAIN. By STANDISH O'GRADY, Author of ‘Finn and his Companions,” etc. Illustrated by MURRAY SMITH. Crown Svo. 3s. 6d. The story of the boyhood of one of the legendary heroes of Ireland. MESSRS, METHUEN'S LIST I I New Editions E. F. Benson. THE RUBICON. By E. F. BENSON, Author of ‘Dodo.’ Aouzºth Ædition. Crown 8vo. 6s. Mr. Benson's second novel has been, in its two volume ſorm, almost as great a success as his first. The “Birmingham Post' says it is ‘well written, stimulat- ing, unconventional, and, in a word, characteristic'; the ‘National Observer' congratulates Mr. Benson upon ‘an exceptional achievement,’ and calls the book ‘a notable advance on his £revious work.' Stanley Weyman. UNDER THE RED ROBE. By STANLEY WEYMAN, Author of “A Gentleman of France.” With Twelve Illus- trations by R. Caton Woodville. Æourth AEdition. Crown Szo. 6s. A cheaper edition of a book which won instant popularity. No unfavourable review occurred, and most critics spoke in terms of enthusiastic admiration. The ‘West- minster Gazette' called it “a book of which we haze read every word fºr the shcer Aéeasure of reading, and which zve Aut down with a £ans that we cannot forget it all and start again.' The ‘Daily Chronicle' said that every one who read's books at all must read this thrilling romance, from the first ſage of which to ſhe last the breathless reader is ſhaled along.' It also called the book ‘art inspiration of manliness and courage." The ‘Globe' called it ‘a delish:/u/ tale of chiva'º' and adventure, wivid and dramatic, with a wholesome modesty and 7 cº-creſ:ce for the highest.’ Daring Gould. THE QUEEN OF LOVE. By S. BARING GOULD, Author of “Cheap Jack Zita,” etc. Second Ædºſion. Crozyn Szo, 6s. The scenery is admirable and the dramatic incidents most striking.’—Glasgow A'eradº. ‘Strong, interesting, and clever."—PVestminster Gazette. ‘You cannot put it down till you have finished it."—Punch. Can be heartily recommended to all who care for cleanly, energetic, and interesting fiction."—Sussc.r Daily News. Mrs. Oliphant. THE PRODIGALS. Dy Mrs. OLIPHANT. Second Ædition. Crown Szo. 3s. 6d. Richard Pryce. WINIFRED MOUNT. By RICHARD PRyCE. Second Ædition. Crown Szo. 3s. 6d. The ‘Sussex Daily News' called this book ‘a dečight/u? story,' and said that the writing was ‘tºn’/orm'y bright and graceful." The ‘Daily Telegraph" said that the author was a ‘ deſt and eleşant story-teller,' and that the book was “an civárez:c y clever stoyºy, utterly untainted & 1 fessiºnism or zu's arity.' Constance Smith. A CUMBERER OF THE GROUND. By CONSTANCE SMITH, Author of ‘The Repentance of Paul Went- worth,' etc. Aew Edition. Crown Szo. 3s. 6d. I 2 MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST School Books A VOCABULARY OF LATIN IDIOM'S AND PHRASES. By A. M. M. STEDMAN, M.A. 18mo. Is. STEPS TO GREEK. By A. M. M. STEDMAN, M.A. 18mo. Is. 6d. A SHORTER GREEK PRIMER OF ACCIDENCE AND SYNTAX. By A. M. M. STEDMAN, M. A. Crown 8vo, 1s. 6d. SELECTIONS FROM THE ODYSSEY. With Introduction and Notes. By E. D. STONE, M.A., late Assistant Master at Eton. Acap. 8vo. 2s. THE ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM. With numerous Illustrations. By R. G. STEEL, M.A., Head Master of the Technical Schools, Northampton. Crown 8vo. 4s. 6d. THE ENGLISH CITIZEN : His RIGHTS AND DUTIES. By H. E. MALDEN, M.A. Crown 8vo. Is. 6d. A simple account of the privileges and duties of the English citizen. INDEX POETARUM LATINORUM. By E. F. BENECKE, M. A. Crown 8vo. 4.s. 6d. An aid to Latin Verse Composition. Commercial Series A PRIMER OF BUSINESS. By S. JACKSON, M.A. Crown 8zo. Is. 6d. COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC. By F. G. TAYLOR. Crown 8zo. 13. 6d. MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST I 3 32 cm and 13.2tent 2500B3 Poetry Rudyard Kipling. BARRACK-ROOM BALLADS ; And Other Verses. By RUDYARD KIPLING. Seventh Ædition. Crown 8zo. 6s. A Special Presentation Edition, bound in white buckram, with extra gilt ornament. 7s. 6d. “Mr. Kipling's verse is strong, vivid, full of character. . . . Unmistakable genius rings in every line."—Times. ‘The disreputable lingo of Cockayne is benceforth justified before the world ; for a man of genius has taken it in hand, and has shown, beyond all cavilling, that in its way it also is a medium for literature. You are grateful, and you say to yourself, half in envy and half in admiration: “Here is a Żook ; here, or one is a Dutchman, is one of the books of the year.” '—Wational O&serger. ‘‘‘Barrack-Room Ballads” contains some of the best work that Mr. Kipling has ever done, which is saying a good deal. “Fuzzy-Wuzzy,” “Gunga Din,” and “Tommy," are, in our opinion, altogether superior to anything of the kind that English literature has hitherto produced."—Athenaewºrt. - ‘These ballads are as wonderful in their descriptive power as they are vigorous in their dramatic force. There are few ballads in the English language more stirring than ‘‘The Ballad of East and West,” worthy to stand by the Border ballads of Scott."—SAectator. ‘The ballads teem with imagination, they palpitate with emotion. We read them with laughter and tears; the metres throb in our pulses, the cunningly ordered words tingle with life; and if this be not poetry, what is?'—Pall Mal/ Gazette. Henley. LYRA HEROICA : An Anthology selected from the best English Verse of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Centuries. By WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY, Author of ‘A Book of Verse,” “Views and Reviews,' etc. Crown Szo. Stamped gilt buckram, gilt ſoft, edges uncut. 6s. ‘Mr. Henley has brought to the task of selection an instinct alike for poetry and for chivalry which seems to us quite wonderfully, and even unerringly, right.’— Guardian. Tomson. A SUMMER NIGHT, AND OTHER POEMS. By GRAHAM R. ToMSON. With Frontispiece by A. ToMSON. Acap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. An edition on hand-made paper, limited to 50 copies. Ios. 6d. met. ‘Mrs. Tomson holds perhaps the very highest rank among poetesses of English birth. This selection will help her reputation.”—Black and JWhite. I4. MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST Ibsen. BRAND. A Drama by HENRIK IBSEN. Translated by WILLIAM WILSON. Crown 8vo. Second Ædition, 3s. 6d. ‘The greatest world-poem of the nineteenth century next to “Faust.” “Brand" will have an astonishing interest for Englishmen. It is in the same set with “Agamemnon,” with “Lear,” with the literature that we now instinctively regard as high and holy.”—Daily Chronicle. “Q.” GREEN BAYS : Verses and Parodies. By “Q.,” Author of ‘Dead Man's Rock' etc. Second Ædition. Feap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. ‘The verses display a rare and versatile gift of parody, great command of metre, and a very pretty turn of humour.”—Times. “A. G.” VERSES TO ORDER. By “A. G.” Cr. 8vo. 2s. 6d. 7tež. A small volume of verse by a writer whose initials are well known to Oxford men. ‘A capital specimen of light academic poetry. These verses are very bright and engaging, easy and sufficiently witty."—St. Jamtes's Gazette. Hosken. VERSES BY THE WAY. By J. D. HoskEN. Crown 8vo. 5s. A small edition on hand-made paper. Price 12s. 6d. met. A Volume of Lyrics and Sonnets by J. D. Hosken, the Postman Poet. Q, the Author of ‘The Splendid Spur,’ writes a critical and biographical intro- duction. Gale. CRICKET SONGS. By NoFMAN GAL.E. Crown 8vo. A.imezz. 2s. 6d. Also a limited edition on hand-made paper. Deſny 870. Io.s. 6d. 7tet. - * “They are wrung out of the excitement of the moment, and palpitate with the spirit of the game."—Star. *As healthy as they are spirited, and ought to have a great success."—Times. ‘Simple, manly, and humorous. Every cricketer should buy the book.'—Westminster Gazette. * Cricket has never known such a singer.'—Cricket. Langbridge. BALLADS OF THE BRAVE: Poems of Chivalry, Enterprise, Courage, and Constancy, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Edited, with Notes, by Rev. F. LANGBRIDGE, Crown 8vo. Buckram 3s. 6d. School Edition, 2s. 6d. * A very happy conception happily carried out. These “Ballads of the Brave" are intended to suit the real tastes of boys, and will suit the taste of the great majority. —S/ectator. ‘The book is full of splendid things."—Hºor/a. MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST I 5 General Literature Collingwood. JOHN RUSKIN : His Life and Work. By W. G. CollingwooD, M.A., late Scholar of University College, Oxford, Author of the ‘Art Teaching of John Ruskin,” Editor of Mr. Ruskin's Poems. 2 zºols. 870. 32s. Second Edition. This important work is written by Mr. Collingwood, who has been for some years Mr. Ruskin's private secretary, and who has had unique advantages in obtaining materials for this book from Mr. Ruskin himself and from his friends. It contains a large amount of new matter, and of letters which have never been published, and is, in fact, a full and authoritative biography of Mr. Ruskin. The book contains numerous portraits of Mr. Ruskin, including a coloured one from a water-colour portrait by himself, and also 13 sketches, never before published, by Mr. Ruskin and Mr. Arthur Severn. A bibliography is added. “No more magnificent volumes have been published for a long time. . . ."—Times. ‘This most lovingly written and most profoundly interesting book.'—Daily Mezws. ‘It is long since we have had a biography with such varied delights of substance and of form. Such a book is a pleasure for the day, and a joy for ever.’—Daily Chronicle. ‘Mr. Ruskin could not well have been more fortunate in his biographer.’—Gloše. “A noble monument of a noble subject. One of the most beautiful books about one of the noblest lives of our century.”—Glasgow Herald. Gladstone. THE SPEECHES AND PUBLIC ADDRESSES OF THE RT, HON. W. E. GLADSTONE, M.P. With Notes and Introductions. Edited by A. W. HUTTON, M.A. (Librarian of the Gladstone Library), and H. J. COHEN, M.A. With Portraits. Szo. Pols. IX. and X. I2s. 6d. each. Clark Russell. THE LIFE OF ADMIRAL LORD COL- LINGWOOD. By W. CLARK Russell, Author of ‘The Wreck of the Grosvenor.” With Illustrations by F. BRANGwyn. Second Aºdition. Crozºzt Szo. 6s. ‘A really good book.'—Saturday Rezºicw. ‘A most excellent and wholesome book, which we should like to see in the hands of every boy in the country.”—St. James's Gazette. Clark. THE COLLEGES OF OXFORD : Their History and their Traditions. By Members of the University. Edited by A. CLARK, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Lincoln College. Szo. 12s. 6.7. “Whether the reader approaches the book as a patriotic member of a college, as an antiquary, or as a student of the organic growth of college foundation, it will amply reward his attention.’—Tizzes. “A delightful book, learned and lively.'—Academy. “A work which will certainly be appealed to for many years as the standard book on the Colleges of Oxford.”—A thcnarumi. I6 MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST Wells. OXFORD AND OXFORD LIFE. By Members of the University. Edited by J. WELLs, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Wadham College. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. This work contains an account of life at Oxford—intellectual, social, and religious— a careful estimate of necessary expenses, a review of recent changes, a statement of the present position of the University, and chapters on Women's Education, aids to study, and University Extension. ‘We congratulate Mr. Wells on the production of a readable and intelligent account of Oxford as it is at the present time, written by persons who are, with hardly an exception, possessed of a close acquaintance with the system and life of the University."—Athenaeu/t. Perrens. THE HIS’ſ ORY OF FLORENCE FROM THE TIME OF THE MEDICIS TO THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC. By F. T. PERRENS. Translated by HANNAH LYNCH. In 7%ree Volumes. Vol. Z. 8zo. I2s. 6d. This is a translation from the French of the best history of Florence in existence. This volume covers a period of profound interest—political and literary—and is written with great vivacity. ‘This is a standard book by an honest and intelligent bistorian, who has deserved well of his countrymen, and of all who are interested in Italian history."—/ſan- chester Guardian. Browning. GUELPHS AND GHIBELLINES: A Short History of Mediaeval Italy, A. D. I250-1409. By OSCAR BROWNING, Fellow and Tutor of King's College, Cambridge. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 53. “A very able book.’—Westminster Gazette. “A vivid picture of 111ediaeval Italy.'—Standard. O'Grady. THE STORY OF 1 RELAND. By STANDISH O'GRADY, Author of ‘Finn and his Companions.” Cr. 8vo. 2s. 6d. ‘Novel and very fascinating history. Wonderſully alluring.'—Cork Examine?'. “Most delightful, most stimulating. Its racy humour, its original imaginings, its perfectly unique history, make it one of the freshest, breeziest volumes."— Methodist Tiwles. “A survey at once graphic, acute, and quaintly written."—Times. Dixon. ENGLISH POETRY FROM BILAKE TO BROWN- ING. By W. M. DIXON, M.A. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. A Popular Account of the Poetry of the Century. ‘Scholarly in conception, and ſull of sound and suggestive criticism."—Times. ‘The book is remarkable for ſreshness of thought expressed in graceful language."— Manchester Examtimer. Bowden. THE EXAMPLE OF BUDDHA : Being Quota- tions from Buddhist Literature for each Day in the Year. Compiled by E. M. Bowden. With Preſace by Sir EDw1N ARNOLD. Third Adition. I6mo. 2s. 6d. MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST 17 Flinders Petrie, TELL EL AMARNA. By W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE, D.C. L. With chapters by Professor A. H. SAYCE, D.D.; F. L.L. GRIFFITH, F.S.A.; and F. C. J. SPURRELL., F.G.S. With numerous coloured illustrations. Atoyal 4/o. 203. 7tet. Massee. A MONOGRAPH OF THE MYXOGASTRES. By GEORGE MAssee. With 12 Coloured Plates. Royal 820. ISS. met. “A work much in advance of any book in the language treating of this group of organisms. It is indispensable to every student of the Mxyogastres. The coloured plates deserve high praise for their accuracy and execution."—AWattºre. Bushill. PROFIT SHARING AND THE LABOUR QUES- TION. By T. W. BUSHILL, a Profit Sharing Employer. With an Introduction by SEDLEY TAYLOR, Author of ‘Profit Sharing between Capital and Labour.” Crown 820, 2s. 6d. John Beever. PRACTICAL FLY-FISHING, Founded on Nature, by JoHN BEEVER, late of the Thwaite House, Coniston. A New Edition, with a Memoir of the Author by W. G. COLLINGWOOD, M.A. Also additional Notes and a chapter on Char-Fishing, by A. and A. R. SEVERN. With a specially designed title-page. Crow: 8vo. 3s. 6d. A little book on Fly-Fishing by an old friend of Mr. Ruskin. It has been out of print for some time, and being still much in request, is now issued with a Memoir of the Author by W. G. Collingwood. Theology Driver. SERMONS ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH THE OLD TESTAMENT. By S. R. DRIVER, D.D., Canon of Christ Church, Regius Professor of Hebrew in the University of Oxford. Crown 820. 6s. ‘A welcome companion to the author's famous ‘Introduction.” No man can read these discourses without feeling that Dr. Driver is fully alive to the deeper teaching of the Old Testament."—Guardian. Cheyne. FOUNDERS OF OLD TESTAMENT CRITICISM: Biographical, Descriptive, and Critical Studies. By T. K. CHEYNE, D.D., Oriel Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture at Oxford. Zarge crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. This important book is a historical sketch of O.T. Criticism in the ſorm of biographi- cal studies from the days of Eichhorn te those of Driver and Robertson Smith. It is the only book of its kind in English. ‘The volume is one of great interest and value. It displays all the author's well- known ability and learning, and its opportune publication has laid all students of theology, and specially of Bible criticism, under weighty obligation."—Scofsz.:a:::. A very learned and instructive work."—Tºries. I 8 MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST Prior. CAMBRIDGE SERMONS. Edited by C. H. PRIOR, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Pembroke College. Crown 8vo. 6s. A volume of sermons preached before the University of Cambridge by various preachers, including the Archbishop of Canterbury and Bishop Westcott. “A representative collection. Bishop Westcott's is a noble sermon.”—Guardian. ‘Full of thoughtfulness and dignity.”—Record. Beeching. BRADFIELD SERMONS. Sermons by H. C. BEECHING, M.A., Rector of Yattendon, Berks. With a Preſace by CANON SCOTT HOLLAND. Crozyn 820, 2s. 6d. Seven sermons preached before the boys of Bradfield College. James. CURIOSITIES OF CHRISTIAN HISTORY PRIOR TO THE REFORMATION. By CROAKE JAMEs, Author of “Curiosities of Law and Lawyers.” Crown 820. 7s. 6d. ‘This volume contains a great deal of quaint and curious matter, affording some ‘‘particulars of the interesting persons, episodes, and events ſrom the Christian's point of view during the first fourteen centuries.” Wherever we dip into his pages we find something worth dipping into.’—John Bull. Kaufmann. CHARLES KINGSLEY. By M. KAUFMANN, M.A. Crown 8vo. Buckram. 53. A biography of Kingsley, especially dealing with his achievements in social reform. “The author has certainly gone about his work with conscientiousness and industry."— Sheffield Daily Telegraft/t. Leaders of Religion Edited by H. C. BEECHING, M.A. With Portraits, crown 8vo. A series of short biographies of the most pro- | minent leaders of religious life and thought of 6 & |6 all ages and countries. | 3 | The following are ready— 2s. 6d. CARD INAL NEWMAN. By R. H. HUTTON. Second Ediſſion. ‘Few who read this book will fail to be struck by the wonderſul insight it displays into the nature of the Cardinal's genius and the spirit of his life.'—WILFRID, WARD, in the Tablet. ‘Full of knowledge, excellent in method, and intelligent in criticism. We regard i as wholly admirable.”—Acade/rºy. JOHN WESLEY. By J. H. Ov FRTON, M.A. ‘It is well done: the story is clearly told, proportion is duly observed, and there is no lack either of discrimination or of sympathy.’—/lſo ne/tester Gzzardiazz. MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST IQ BISHOP WILBERFORCE. By G. W. DANIEL, M.A. CARDINAL MANNING. By A. W. HUTTON, M.A. CHARLES SIMEON. By H. C. G. MOULE, M.A. 3s. 6d. JOHN KEBLE. By WALTER LOCK, M.A. Seventh Edition. THOMAS CHALMERS. By Mrs. OLIPHANT. Second Edition. Other volumes will be announced in due course. Works by S. Baring Gould OLD COUNTRY LIFE. With Sixty-seven Illustrations by W. PARKINSON, F. D. BEDFORD, and F. MASEY. Zange Crown 8vo, cloth super extra, top edge gilt, Ios. 6d. Fourth and Cheaper Edition. 6s. ‘‘‘Old Country Life,” as healthy wholesome reading, full of breezy life and move- ment, full of quaint stories vigorously told, will not be excelled by any book to be published throughout the year. Sound, hearty, and English to the core."—World. HISTORIC ODIDITIES AND STRANGE EVENTS. Third Adition. Crown Szo. 6s. “A collection of exciting and entertaining chapters. The whole volume is delightful reading."—Times. FREAKS OF FANATICISM. Thºrd Ea'; ſºozz. Crozy?! Szyo. 65. ‘Mr. Baring Gould has a keen eye for colour and effect, and the subjects he has chosen give ample scope to his descriptive and analytic faculties. A perfectly fascinating book.'—Scottish Leader. SONGS OF THE WEST : Traditional Ballads and Songs of the West of England, with their Traditional Melodies. Collected by S. BARING GOULD, M.A., and H. FLEETwoOD SHEPPARD, M.A. Arranged for Voice and Piano. In 4 Parts (containing 25 Songs each), Farts Z., ZZ., Z/Y., 3s. each. Part / I’., 5s. Zº one Pol., French mozocco, 153. ‘A rich and varied collection of humour, pathos, grace, and poetic fancy."—Saturday Jºezjectſ. YORKSHIRE ODIDITIES AND STRANGE EVENTS. Act, rth AEdition. Croztyn 8:10, 65. 2O MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST STRANGE SURVIVALS AND SUPERSTITIONS. With Illustrations. By S. BARING GOULD. Crown 8vo. Second Edition. 6s. A book on such subjects as Foundations, Gables, Holes, Gallows, Raising the Hat, Old Ballads, etc, etc. It traces in a most interesting manner their origin and history. ‘We have read Mr. Baring Gould's book from beginning to end. It is full of quaint and various information, and there is not a dull page in it.'—Notes and Queries. “T H E T R A G E D Y O F T H E C A E S A R S : The Emperors of the Julian and Claudian Lines. With numerous Illus- trations from Busts, Gems, Cameos, etc. By S. BARING GOULD, Author of “Mehalah,” etc. Third AEdition. Aoyal 8wo. 15s. ‘A most splendid and fascinating book on a subject of undying interest. The great feature of the book is the use the author has made of the existing portraits of the Caesars, and the admirable critical subtlety he has exhibited in dealing with this line of research. It is brilliantly written, and the illustrations are supplied on a scale of profuse magnificence.’—Daily Chronicle. “The volumes will in no sense disappoint the general reader. Indeed, in their way, there is nothing in any sense so good in English. . . . Mr. Baring Gould bas presented his narrative in such a way as not to make one dull page."—-1 therlacunt. ſ/R. BAR/WG GOULD'S A/O VELS “To say that a book is by the author of “Mehalah" is to imply that it contains a story cast on strong lines, containing dramatic possibilities, vivid and sympathetic descriptions of Nature, and a wealth of ingenious imagery.'—Speaker. ‘That whatever Mr. Baring Gould writes is well worth reading, is a conclusion that may be very generally accepted. His views of life are fresh and vigorous, his language pointed and characteristic, the incidents of which he makes use are striking and original, his characters are life-like, and though somewhat excep- tional people, are drawn and coloured with artistic force. Add to this that his descriptions of scenes and scenery are painted with the loving eyes and skilled hands of a master of his art, that he is always fresh and never dull, and under such conditions it is no wonder, that readers have gained confidence both in his power of amusing and satisfying them, and that year by year his popularity widens.’—Court Circular. S IX SH 1 L L | N G 8 E A C H IN THE ROAR OF THE SEA : A Tale of the Cornish Coast. MRS, CURGENVEN OF CURGENVEN. CHEAP JACK ZITA. THE QUEEN OF LOVE. T H R E E S H 1 L L I N G 8 A N D S I X P E N C E E A C H ARMINELL : A Social Romance. URITH : A Story of Dartmoor. MARGERY OF QUETHER, and other Stories. JACQUETTA, and other Stories. MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST 2 I Fiction S 1 X S H I L L | N G N O V E L S Corelli. BARABBAS : A DREAM OF THE WORLD'S TRAGEDY. By MARIE CoRELLI, Author of “A Romance of Two Worlds,’ ‘Vendetta,” etc. AE/ezenth Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s. Miss Corelli's new romance has been received with much disapprobation by the secular papers, and with warm welcome by the religious papers. By the former she has been accused of blasphemy and bad taste; a gory nightmare’; ‘a hideous travesty'; ‘grotesque vulgarisation '; “unworthy of criticism '; “vulgar redun- dancy’; ‘sickening details"—these are some of the secular flowers of speech. On the other hand, the ‘Guardian' praises the dignity of its conceptions, the reserve round the Central Figure, the fine imagery of the scene and circumstance, so much that is elevating and devout'; the ‘Illustrated Church News' styles the book ‘reverent and artistic, broad based on the rock of our common nature, and appealing to what is best in it '; the ‘Christian World says it is written ‘by one who has more than conventional reverence, who has tried to tell the story that it may be read again with open and attentive eyes'; the ‘Church of England Pulpit welcomes ‘a book which teems with faith without any appearance of irreverence.’ Benson, DODO : A DETAIL OF THE DAY. By E. F. BENSON. Crown Szo. Fourteenth AEalition. 65. A story of society by a new writer, full of interest and power, which has attracted by its brilliance universal attention. The best critics were cordial in their praise. The ‘Guardian' spoke of ‘Dodo' as unusually clever and interesting ; the 'Spectator' called it a delight/ully witty sketch of society ; the 'Speaker' said the dialogue was a £e? Actual ſeast of epigram and parador ; the “Athenaeum' spoke of the author as a writer of guite exceptional affility; the 'Academy' praised his amazing cleverness ; the ‘World said the book was º written ; and half-a-dozen papers declared there was not a dull page in the book. Baring Gould. IN THE ROAR OF THE SEA : A Tale of the Cornish Coast. By S. BARING Gould. AVew Balition. 6s. Baring Gould. MRS. CURGENVEN OF CURGENVEN. By S. BARING GOULD. Third Edition. 6s. A story of Devon life. The ‘Graphic speaks of it as a novel of zigorous humour and sº stained Aozvez, ; the Sussex Daily News’ says that the swing of the narratize is SA/endid; and the ‘Speaker’ mentions its bright iznaganative zozver. Baring Gould. CHEAP JACK ZITA. By S. BARING GOULD. Third AEdition. Crown Szo. 6s. A Romance of the Ely Fen District in 1815, which the ‘Westminster Gazette' calls ‘a powerful drama of human passion '; and the ‘National Observer' ‘a story worthy the author." Baring Gould. THE QUEEN OF LOVE. By S. BARING GOULD. Second Edition. Crown Szo. 6s. The ‘Glasgow Herald, says that ‘the scenery is admirable, and the dramatic inci- dents are most striking.' The ‘Westminster Gazette' calls the book 'strong, interesting, and clever.' ..." Punch" says that “you cannot put it down until you have finished it.’ ‘The Sussex Daily News' says that it can be heartily recom. mended to all who care for cleanly, energetic, and interesting fiction.’ 22 MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST Norris. HIS GRACE. By W. E. NoFRIs, Author of “Mademoiselle de Mersac.” Zhird AEdition. Crozon 870. 6s. ‘The characters are delineated by the author with his characteristic skill and vivacity, and the story is told with that ease of manners and Thackerayean in- sight which give strength of flavour to Mr. Norris's novels No one can depict the Englishwoman of the better classes with more subtlety."—Glasgow Herald. ‘Mr. Norris has drawn a really fine character in the Duke of Hurstbourne, at once unconventional and very true to the conventionalities of life, weak and strong in a breath, capable of inane follies and heroic decisions, yet not so definitely por- trayed as to relieve a reader of the necessity of study on his own behalf.'— Athenaeuſzz. Parker. MRS. FALCHION. By GILBERT PARKER, Author of ‘Pierre and His People.’ Mew Zdition. 6s. Mr. Parker's second book has received a warm welcome. The ‘Athenaeum' called it a splendid study of character; the ‘Pall Mall Gazette 'spoke of the writing as but Zittle behind anything that has been done by any writer of our time ; the “St. James's ' called it a zery striking and admirable novel; and the ‘West- minster Gazette' applied to it the epithet of distinguished. Parker. PIERRE AND HIS PEOPLE. By GILBERT PARKER. Crown 8vo. Auckramt. 65. “Stories happily conceived and finely executed. There is strength and genius in Mr. Parker's style.”—Daily Telegraft/. Parker. THE TRANSLATION OF A SAVAGE. By GILBERT PARKER, Author of ‘Pierre and His People,’ ‘Mrs. Falchion,” etc. Crown 8vo. 53. “The plot is original and one difficult to work out; but Mr. Parker has done it with great skill and delicacy. The reader who is not interested in this original, fresh, and well-told tale must be a dull person indeed.”—Daily Chronicle. “A strong and successful piece of workmanship. The portrait of Lali, strong, digni- fied, and pure, is exceptionally well drawn.'—Manchester Guardian. “A very pretty and interesting story, and Mr. Parker tells it with much skill. The story is one to be read."—St. James's Gazette. Anthony Hope. A CHANGE OF AIR : A Novel. Dy ANTHONY HoPE, Author of “The Prisoner of Zenda,” etc. Crown 820. 6s. A bright story by Mr. Hope, who has, the Athenaeum says, ‘a decided outlook and individuality of his own.' “A graceful, vivacious comedy, true to human nature. The characters are traced with a masterly hand.’—Tiſſues. Pryce. TIME AND THE WOMAN. By RICHARD PRycE, Author of ‘Miss Maxwell's Affections,’ ‘The Quiet Mrs. Fleming,” etc. New and Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s. ‘Mr. Pryce's work recalls the style of Octave Feuillet, by its clearness, conciseness, its literary reserve.’—Athematºzºt. MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST 23 Marriott Watson. DIOGENES OF LONDON and other Sketches. By H. B. MARRIOTT WATSON, Author of ‘The Web of the Spider.” Crown 8vo. Buckram, 65. “By all those who delight in the uses of words, who rate the exercise of prose above the exercise of verse, who rejoice in all proofs of its delicacy and its strength, who believe that English prose is chief among the moulds of thought, by these Mr. Marriott Watson's book will be welcomed.”—National Observer. Gilchrist. THE STONE DRAGON. By MURRAY GILCHRIST. Crown 8vo. Buckram. 63. “The author's faults are atoned for by certain positive and admirable merits. The romances have not their counterpart in modern literature, and to read them is a unique experience."—Mational O&sez-zer. T H R E E - A N D → S i X P E N N Y NO V E L S Baring Gould. ARMINELL : A Social Romance. By S. DARING Gou LD. Avew Ea'iffort. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. Baring Gould. URITH : A Story of Dartmoor. By S. BARING GoulD. Third AEdition. Crozuzz Szo. 3s. 6d. “The author is at his best.”—Tintes. * He has nearly reached the high water-mark of “Mehalah.” '—National Observer. Baring Gould. MARGERY OF QUETHER, and other Stories. By S. BARING GOULD. Crown Szo. 3s. 6d. Baring Gould. JACQUETTA, and other Stories. By S. BARING GOULD. Crown Szo. 3s. 6d. Gray. ELSA. A Novel. By E. M“QUEEN GRAY. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. “A charming novel. The characters are not only powerful sketches, but minutely and carefully finished portraits."—Guardian. Pearce. JACO TRELOAR. By J. H. PEARCE, Author of “Esther Pentreath.” New Zdition. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. A tragic story of Cornish life by a writer of remarkable power, whose first novel has been highly praised by Mr. Gladstone. The ‘Spectator' speaks of Mr. Pearce as a writer of exceptional forwar; the ‘Daily Telegraph' calls the book Aower/u/ and picturesgue ; the ‘Birmingham Post' asserts that it is a novel of his/: Quality. Edna Lyall. DERRICK VAUGHAN, NOVELIST. By EDNA LYALL, Author of “Donovan,” etc. Crown Szo. 3s. 6d. Clark Russell. MY DANISH SWEETHEART. By W. CLARK RUSSELL, Author of ‘The Wreck of the Grosvenor,” etc. Illustrated. Third AEdition. Crown Svo. 3s. 6d. 24 MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST Author of ‘Vera.’ THE DANCE OF THE HOURS. By the Author of ‘Vera.” Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. Esmé Stuart. A WOMAN OF FORTY. By ESME STUART, Author of ‘Muriel’s Marriage,’ ‘Virginié's Husband,” etc. AVezo AEdition. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. ‘The story is well written, and some of the scenes show great dramatic power.’— Daiſy Chronicle. Fenn. THE STAR GAZERS. By G. MANVILLE FENN, Author of ‘Eli's Children,” etc. Mew Edition. Cr. 8vo. 3s. 6d. “A stirring romance.’—Western Morning News. ‘Told with all the dramatic power for which Mr. Fenn is conspicuous.”—Bradford Oāşerzwe?". Dickinson. A VICAR’S WIFE. By EVELYN DICKINSON. Crown 820. 3s. 6d. Prowse. THE POISON OF ASPS. By R. ORTON PROWSE. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. Grey. THE STORY OF CHRIS. By Rowland GREy. Crown 8vo. 5s. Lynn Linton. THE TRUE HISTORY OF JOSHUA DAVID- SON, Christian and Communist. By E. LYNN LINTON. Eleventh Edition. Æost 820. Is. H A L. F - C R O W N N O V E L S A Series of Mozels by popular Authors, tastefully 2 6 bound in cloth. . THE PLAN OF CAMPAIGN. By F. MABEL ROBINSON. . DISENCHANTMENT. By F. MABEL ROBINSON. MR. BUTLER'S WARD. By F. MABEL ROBINSON. HOVENDEN, V.C. By F. MABEL ROBINSON. ELI'S CHILDREN. By G. MAN VILLE FENN. A DOUBLE KNOT. By G. MAN VILLE FENN. DISARMED. By M. BETHAM EDWARDS. A LOST ILLUSION. By LESLIE KEITH. A MARRIAGE AT SEA. By W. CLARK RUSSELL. I MESSRS, METHUEN'S LIST 25 Io. IN TENT AND BUNGALOW. By the Author of ‘Indian Idylls.’ 11. MY STEWARDSHIP. By E. M'QUEEN GRAY. 12. A REVEREND GENTLEMAN. By J. M. COBBAN. 13. A DEPLORABLE AFFAIR. By W. E. NORRIS. 14. JACKS FATHER. By W. E. NORRIS. Other volumes will be announced in due course. Books for Boys and Girls Baring Gould. THE ICELANDER'S SWORD. By S. BARING Gould, Author of ‘Mehalah,” etc. With Twenty-nine Illustrations by J. MoyR SMITH. Crown 8vo. 6s. A stirring story of Iceland, written for boys by the author of In the Roar of the Sea. Cuthell. TWO LITTLE CHILDREN AND CHING. By EDITH E. CUTHELL. Profusely Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth, gilt edges. 3s. 6d. Another story, with a dog hero, by the author of the very popular ‘Only a Guard- Room Dog.' Blake. TODDLEBEN’S HERO. By M. M. BLAKE, Author of ‘The Siege of Norwich Castle.” With 36 Illustrations. Crown Szo. 3s. 6d. A story of military life for children. Cuthell. ONLY A. GUARD-ROOM DOG. By Mrs. CUTHELL. With 16 Illustrations by W. PARKINSON. Square Crown Svo. 3s.6d. ‘This is a charming story. Tangle was but a little mongrel Skye terrier, but he had a big heart in his little body, and played a hero's part more than once. The book can be warmly recommended."—Standazzi. Collingwood. THE DOCTOR OF THE JULIET. By HARRy COLLINGWOOD, Author of ‘The Pirate Island, etc. Illustrated by GORDON BROWNE. Crown Szo. 3s. 6d. '''“The Doctor of the Juliet,” well illustrated by Gordon Browne, is one of Harry Collingwood's best efforts."—"Mornix's Post. 26 MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST Clark Russell. MASTER ROCKAFELLAR’s VOYAGE. By W. CLARK RUSSELL, Author of ‘The Wreck of the Grosvenor,” etc. Illustrated by GORDON BROWNE. Second AEdition, Crown 820. 3s. 6d. ‘Mr. Clark Russell's story of “Master Rockafellar's Voyage” will be among the favourites of the Christmas books. There is a rattle and “go" all through it, and its illustrations are charming in themselves, and very much above the average in the way in which they are produced."—Guardian. Manville Fenn. SYD BELTON : Or, The Boy who would not go to Sea. By G. MAN VILLE FENN, Author of “In the King's Name,” etc. Illustrated by GoRDON BROWNE. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. Who among the young story-reading public will not rejoice at the sight of the old combination, so often proved admirable—a story by Manville Fenn, illustrated by Gordon Browne 2 The story, too, is one of the good old sort, full of life and vigour, breeziness and fun.”—Journal of Education. The Peacock Library A Series of Books for Girls by well-known Authors, handsomely bound in blue and silver, and well illustrated. 6 Crozwn 820. 1. A PINCH OF EXPERIENCE. By L. B. WALFORD. 2. THE RED GRANGE. By Mrs. MoLESWORTH. 3. THE SECRET OF MADAME DE MONLUC. By the Author of ‘Male Mori.’ . DUMPS. By Mrs. PARR, Author of ‘Adam and Eve.” . OUT OF THE FASHION. By L. T. MEADE. A GIRL OF THE PEOPLE. By L. T. MEADE. . HEPSY GIPSY. By L. T. MEADE. 2s. 6d. THE HONOURABLE MISS. By L. T. MEADE. . MY LAND OF BEULA.H. By Mrs. LEITH ADAMs. i 9 University Extension Series A series of books on historical, literary, and Scientific subjects, Suitable for extension students and home reading circles. Each volume is com- MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST 27 plete in itself, and the subjects are treated by competent writers in a broad and philosophic spirit. Edited by J. E. SYMES, M.A., Principal of University College, Nottingham. Crown 820. Price (with some exceptions) 2s. 6d. The following zolumes are ready – THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND. By H. DE B. GIBBINs, M.A., late Scholar of Wadham College, Oxon., Cobden Prizeman. Third AEdition. With Maps and Plans. 3s. “A compact and clear story of our industrial development. A study of this concise but luminous book cannot fail to give the reader a clear insight into the principal phenomena of our industrial history. The editor and publishers are to be congrat- ulated on this first volume of their venture, and we shall look with expectant interest for the succeeding volumes of the series.”—University Extension Journal. A HISTORY OF ENGLISH POLITICAL ECONOMY. By L. L. PRICE, M.A., Fellow of Oriel College, Oxon. PROBLEMS OF POVERTY: An Inquiry into the Industrial Conditions of the Poor. By J. A. Hobson, M.A. VICTORIAN POETS. By A. SHARP. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. By J. E. SyMEs, M.A. PSYCHOLOGY. By F. S. GRANGER, M.A., Lecturer in Philo- sophy at University College, Nottingham. THE EVOLUTION OF PLANT LIFE : Lower Forms. By G. MASSEE, Kew Gardens. With Illustrations. AIR AND WATER. Professor V. B. LEWES, M.A. Illustrated. THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE AND HEALTH. By C. W. KIMMINS, M. A. Camb. Illustrated. THE MECHANICS OF DAILY LIFE. By V. P. SELLs, M.A. Illustrated. ENGLISH SOCIAL REFORMERS. H. DE B. GIBBINs, M.A. ENGLISH TRADE AND FINANCE IN THE SEVEN- TEENTH CENTURY. By W. A. S. HEWINs, B.A. THE CHEMISTRY OF FIRE. The Elementary Principles of Chemistry. By M. M. PATTISON MUIR, M.A. Illustrated. A TEXT-BOOK OF AGRICULTURAL BOTANY. By M. C. POTTER, M.A., F.L.S. Illustrated. 3s. 6d. 28 MESSRS. METHUEN'S LIST THE WAULT OF HEAVEN. A Popular Introduction to Astronomy. By R. A. GREGORY. With numerous Illustrations. METEOROLOGY.. The Elements of Weather and Climate. By H. N. DICKSON, F.R.S.E., F. R. Met. Soc. Illustrated. A MANUAL OF ELECTRICAL SCIENCE. By GEORGE J. BURCH, M. A. With numerous Illustrations. 3s. Social Questions of To-day Edited by H. DE B. 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