- OTES 0N GULISTAN. .* ×" CHAPTHER III. words, rºots of words derived from Arabic, Turkish and Persian, correct pronunciations, allusions, figures of speech, synonyms, antonyms, positions and de- scriptions of all geographical names, an ac- count of other proper and allusive names occurring in the book; simple pars- ing; useful Itules of Grammar ; Eatracts from different Stan- dard Authors in Elucida- tion of the Teast : other useful information and morals. ... . . . " - . - . - - |BY * - . - MUNSHI SHAIKH SARDAR, | Assist ANT DEPUTY EDUCATIONAL INSPECTOR, Poon A, s. D., LATE-PERSIAN TEACHER. GOVERNMENT HIGH SCHOOL, PoonA, PERSIAN TEACHER, B. J. HIGH SCHOOL, THANA, AND THE AUTHOR OF “NotES ON GULISTAN,” CHAPTER I. , & To be had of the Author, or at the A.-O. Book DEPöT, . . . . Ralbadevi Road, Bombay. * ,- &J', sle 8,-3 al- 3. Jºe e-3 - . . - ... • . - * {{ . a & & © cy” * : gº, gº- 2^2 /> U- º . ... e., as " ... = ** 2: C-: * ... -- ~~) g – Jºº & v. - . . . . - 2 ” * * “ . .” & 2. • º e ſº - * - ‘ i .*. Uº º -jl- l: 2 eft A, -U.3 y - '. . 9: | > ++ A 2-of 2" - 2 -- . . Recised and enlarged, Second Edition (2,000 Copies). Boilihai : PRINTED AT THE j . † : ". . * wº----, --> :* , All reais reservºd e. These notes contain explanations of all the idioms, phrases, difficult || D UCATI oN so CI ETY S P R Ess, BY cul, L.A.! Fº .* - ; : *g // - '**. *: & 8 “, {{f ; * offs ON GUISTAN - CTE: ALTETIETER, III- These notes contain explanations of all the idioms, phrases, difficult words, roots of words derived from Arabic, Turkish and Persian, correct pronunciations, allusions, figures of speech, synonyms, antonyms, positions and de- scriptions of all geographical names, an ace count of other proper and allusive names occurring in the book; simple pars- ing ; useful Rules of Grammar ; Eactracts from different Stam- dard Awfhors in Elucida- tion of the Teat ; other useful information and morals. - By M. U N S H.J. S.H. A.J. K. H. S.A.R. O.A.R., AssistANT DEPUTY EDUCATIONAL INSPECTOR, PoonA, S. D., LATE PERSIAN TEACHER, Gover NMENT HIGH SCHOOL, POONA, PERSIAN TEACHER, B. J. HIGH SCHOOL, THANA, AND THE AUTHOR OF “NOTES ON GULISTAN,” CHAPTER I. To be had of the Author, or at the A. O. Book DepóT, Ralladevi Road, Bombay. —3–— Ö . . . Axle 3 Mac- & & e & gy” zºº gºj g ~ y Lº ſº e., \las- " ! -- ..., 2-, U-53 28 © tº *- 4. J 45 J”. &: -- ... Lºº “ºy \a. l; 25 eft A, -U.3 J - Revised and enlarged, Second Edition (2,000 Copies). --~$7&NZSSYS- Tºgnitialſ i PRINTED AT THE E DU CAT I O N S O C I ETY S P R E S S, B Y C U L L A. &=ºssºmsº 1894. Price Re. 1: Postage 1 Amna. All rights reserved by THE AUTHOR, (Registered under Act XXV. of 1867.) TO KAzi Shahabubin, C.I.E., &c. &c. &c. As a slight appreciation of the deep and active interest he takes in the welfare of Muhammadans, and specially in encouraging education among his Co-religionists of Western India, This effort to facilitate the study of a true oriental poet and philosopher I S R E S P E C T F U L L Y DE DI C A TE D By his ever obedient and humble Servant, THE AUTHOR, PRE FA C E . ~ *> 0-393-o-º-º- Since the establishment of the British Rule in India on a perma- nent basis, the study of Persian has been greatly encouraged in the University and elsewhere. European Scholars of Persian have done a great deal to facilitate the study of that ancient and noble language by publishing glossaries, dictionaries and even translations from Persian into English and other languages of the West. But, there is still room for improvement. For a thorough study of Per- sian by those who are not familiar with it from their childhood, and especially by those who are not Asiatics, notes giving a lucid explanation of the more difficult words, idiomatic expressions, verses, legendary allusions, &c., occurring in standard works in Persian, have long been a great desideratum, and the author may be per- mitted to point out without impropriety that, until the publicatiou of his “ Notes on Gulistān, Chapter I,’ there was almost no work of the kind extant in the English language, at least on this side of India. He, therefore, felt it his duty to serve the public to the best of his abilities, by doing what he could to encourage an intelligent study of Persian and especially of the works of Sa'di, the Shakespeare of the East. It was with this object that the annotations on the first Chapter of Gulistān giving a lucid exposition of the idiomatic expressions, difficult passages and verses occurring therein, was placed before the public in the year 1887. It was with no small diffidence that the experiment was tried. But the author is happy and thankful to say that his humble, though honest, attempt was well received, and the work met with a success far beyond his most sanguine expectations. Several fellow-workers in the field and also Persian Professors and Jºuropean Scholars were good enough to write to the author in highly complimentary terms as to his attempt, and suggesting to him the desirability of writing a similar commentary on the whole of Gulistān. In accordance with this suggestion ‘Notes on Gulistān, Chapter III.' was first placed before the public in 1891, and the rapid sale of the first edition of that work has led the author to believe that the 2 public approve of his labours; and it is with this belief that a second edition of the same has now been published and made available to the public. The present edition has been much improved and enlarged. No pains have been spared to make the explanations terse, accurate, and at the same time easily intelligible. Many morals have been added, especially with a view to meet the wants of the young student, and errors of topography, &c., that had crept into the first edition removed. Notes printed in large type are intended for the use of beginners, and those in small type for that of the advanced and general readers. An appendix of all the grammatical terms has been added together with an index containing all the words occurring in the work, for ready reference. In short, all that was thought desirable to make the book complete by itself has been done. Any suggestions as to further improvement will be very cordially and thankfully received; and they will be carried out as far as prac- ticable in the future editions of this work. In conclusion, the author trusts that the present edition will be patronised by the appreciative and forbearing public in the same liberal spirit in which the previous edition has been received, and thus encourage him to combine his efforts in the noble field of Persian Literature. THE AUTHOR. Thama, 9th November 1894. NOTES ON GULISTAN. CHAPTEF III. & - s—-O-O--- J.' <& Story I. ºlº báb, a chapter (pl. -lº'), a. rxº~ stwumm, r” Siwumm, or *** siyum, the third. (Alex ſºº), p. y & dar, on (orig. in). (2) door. (3) ×e, tear thou, imp. of e, ºpe '9. ~13.33 fażlat, excellence, virtue, advantage, pl. Jºãº; adj. 0.33, a. ~el33 kanā’at, contentment ; (Jeſs (“") &G from & , a. U2 | first pl. Jºly'. $33, 3- lºháhinde, a beggar, (from ejº Lé to wish), Jº G ºwl present participle. There are eleven letters w , ſ: , ; , , , ~3 & Cº., Cº., &, çg , , , which pre- cede the 32.2° -->4e , sign of infinitive eye or ejº. They are arranged in a sentence cºs" —3,3 es;3°ſ You will learn the quality of words. When Cº. precedes c)3 it is changed into 8 when the imperative is formed ; ) and cy retained; and become cºs tº ; cs – are omitted and Cº. is chang- ed into y; -3 into - ; & into 3 ; and 2 into ), and C3 is added. For aorist add J. & J3 (w, p. Csºko Maghrib% of the west. (from *, *). G., & Mashrik the east, per 33 (~, Jºš Shimál the north. - 53- Junub the south, a. *** c ". , double pl. a 245'' sº *** **, ; adj. “s".5), Cl. J.L.” Suál, asking, begging;"), Jººs the custom of begging, i.e., beggary, pl. 2).” aswale, (Je (; fºl—J30s, past p. J33-3). cylt=jihán, the world; (from cº-e to jump). cºlle (“l; or eſt- =Jºš which is the short form of cy','º', from 8° time, and ey! suffix. Hence the transitory world. ***** A barkhásti, would have been abolished; (fr. cºwº) to get up, aorist exº->4–(cs, Lºwl CS (4) -3.3 9- 2 CSX Lºw cs” It is formed by adding “s” or “sºr to the past tense, as “&”—“kº, It can be formed by adding gº to the past tense. In this case only three pronominal forms are used, i.e., third person singular and plural and first person singular. All Mahomedan Grammarians are of the same opinion. No author has used any additional forms in prose. Some poets have used all persons and numbers in this tense, but that is in poetry, not in prose. L'º. 23 “x ela, les. Çs' gex G'.e. ', “Oh wealthy per- Sons, had you a sense of justice,” i.e., had you thought it your duty to pay the 8553 Zakát, alms. The Mahomedan law recommends every follower of Mahomed to give to the poor or for religious purposes one- fortieth part of his wealth every year, by way of purifying and preserving the remaining part. Every Mahomedan is compelled to pay the #253 when he is in possession of at least (200) two hundred fºr 99 which are equal to (65) sixty-five rupees. ~etx3 Llo, And had wo content- ment, i.e., had we been satisfied with the small sum we receive as alms. cºstsy? ey're 5' J Lºw (**) , the custom of begging would have been abolished from this world, 7.e., there would have been no beggary in this world. If just and religious persons were to give alms to the deserving poor with- out their asking for it, and were they (i.e., the poor) to be satisfied with what they receive, the custom of begging would be abolished. zah; kab'a (from sks he cut). It is a fragment of poetry, consist- ing of two or more than two distichs . NOTES ON CHAPTER III.-STORY I. 3 It has no elk, matla’a and the rhyme in the second hemistich of every couplet contained in it, is the same, as the rhyme of the second hemistich of the first couplet. It can be composed in any metre, (pl. “ (xh3), a. 23 [23 tawángar, rich, wealthy, able, powerful (from ey'33 power and 23 a suffix showing agency. It is wrong to write the word _º |33 without alif) rºl; =2& L3 Lºo (g/.34% (***). w! o,3 gardán, make (from ejº o,? º 2 or oy º |S_* to turn or change ; es exº~! C5 ex$o Ol' chººl, ſº c. ****, the causai verbs. It is also called 22:5° Uº , it is formed by adding eye” or e 939 to the root of the verb. oys”.5% 25 ke, because, (Jºaº G'K) G3/23 waráe, besides, except, (**) -5,- preposition). zºº, hich me, nothing. (In comp.) without a negative im- plies “some, amy,” and with a megative expressed or understood, “ not any, hone, nothing.” < *- gº —: says 4," C-33 •". *Alaj L3 as sº ... <-- ~elve ye 2.xº~5' je zº *Jºe 33 & eº; “tº 2, gº * , -- ; : . 3. © ***) exe (33 3! e: g34-3 English equivalent, “A con- tented mind is an inestimable treasure.” (erº) • Jº Jº-12- gº <-- *S* ***, 2* L5 vº “Lit. The corner of patience is the choice of Lukmån (i.e., in re- tirement Lukmåm patiently await- ed the result of his philosophical researches). Whosoever has not patience has not wisdom.” Fº Kunj, a corner. Some read it as gº ganj “ treasure,” though ( gº kunj gives good sense and suits the context). [2: te) , Cl, Jºe Sabr, patience; (Jeſses jº-likhtiyár, control, choice; (>43 (Jeb cºl) pºs"). wº) Lukmån, ( name of a famous Eastern fabulist supposed by some to be AEsop). He is said by some to have been a son of Job's sister or aunt, by others a Judge of the Israelites. Lukmán was a contemporary of David and frequented the court of that monarch. Many historians agree in saying that he was at first a slave to an Israelite ; and they assign various causes of his emancipation, many of which are to be found in the Macirwl-Mulk. 4. NOTES ON CHAPTER III.--STORY I. But the author of (8.2J ** > de- clares him to have boon an emancipat- ed Ethiopian slave. He used to fetch fuel for his master. Once his master, who was very wealthy, played at chess with a friend, who was well ac- quainted with the game, on condition that whosoever won the game should deprive the other of half his property, or make him drink the water of the river on the bank of which they were playing. By chance Lukmán's master lost the game, and was obliged to fulfil his agreement. He said to his friend that he would let him know the next day whether he would drink the water of the river or deliver over charge of half his property to him. When he returned home, disappointment got the better of him, so much so that he was at a loss to know the way out of the diffi- culty. When Lukmán saw his master gloomy and absorbed in thought, he asked him the reason. The master informed Lukmán of the condition and the game. Lukmán said that he would rescue him from that anxiety. Next day Lukmán accompanied his master to the bank of the river, where the friend was waiting (for the fulfil- ment of the promise). Ilukmán asked the friend to fetch all the water that was flowing at the time of their play, or to stop the water from flowing, &c., so that his master might drink it. The friend was quite helpless and gave up his claim. Lukmán's master was pleased and freed him. This was the first instance of intelligence that brought him to the notice of the people. It is said that once his master told him to sow barley in a certain field, and he sowed it with millet instead of barley. His master having come to this spot, when the field was grown with the millet crop, and seeing what had sprung up, said, “I ordered you to sow barley in this field, why did you sow millet?” Lukmán answered, “In the hope that the millet seed would produce barley.” The master reproving him, said, “What an absurd idea.” Lukmán replied, “Since you, in the field of the world, always sow the seed of sin, and expect that on the day of retribution (which is the time of harvest) you will be blessed with good fruit, I also conjectured that this millet seed would produce barley.” The Israelite was ashamed at hearing these words, and freed Lukumán from slavery. One of his maxims is :— “Associate mot, with an ignorant person, howsoever beautiful he may be ; for although a sword is good in appear- ance, it is an evil-doer.” And he also said, “Good nature converts strangers into friends, whilst ill-nature makes strangers of friends.” (He is the author of some Arabian fables, and a chapter of the Kuran is named after him.) L5 ºr harkirá, whosoever. **S* hikmat, wisdom, know- ledge; (Ue ls fººl-º-, pl. e8= hikam), a. Moral,—It is not advisable for a man to addict himself to beg- ging and depending upon others; because it is meanness to beg. On the contrary, he should content himself in his own cir- cumstances, however poor the may be, for that is the best quality of the man. Notice— t ... exºs J lºw je ex-_º 25 y, •". &_5} ešojº & Jºº (3 •". e; sº sº. 2 2/3& 3" ... • * * *k sº eye.” Sáib is of the same opinion. ... -- Gºº rºs, ºſe Jes .." .*** Jºey” gºt cº's eteye NOTES ON CHAPTER III.--STORY A. I. 5 º -:42 $3.53%|Amírzáde, Son of a noble- man, prince; (24° a nobleman, and § 3 ; born, from we 3 to give birth to a child); pl. wº elj_** 8 & 32%), a descondant of Muhaan- mad by his son-in-law Ali and his daughter Fátime. Loy yº / Amirul wmrá, (prince of princes), a viceroy. 2=*L*Anirul bahr, admiral zºº | princely, royal. exº~~ |->|< 1 Amírul momínán, the commander of the faithful; one of the titles of the Caliphs. The word amir is used in many compound words. If the animate noun ends in ** gºs"imperceptible 8, the 8 is changed into -8, and the plural termination o | is added, as w8 & 32°. The cardinal numeral adjectives precede, and the ordinal numeral adjectives follow, the substantives they qualify ; and the sub- stantives thus qualified are always used in the singular number, and the verbs agreeing with them must be in the plural number, as, -5°y & 89 3-ºl 39 ** two sons of a nobleman, &c., and fºxe § • 3 º' the second son of the nobleman), _2~ Misr, Egypt, (a large city, pl. 2 (22° () ce's fººl proper noun, adj. gy” º “Sº yaki, one of them. ~$2.7 &mºkht, learnt, from (ex-2-1 to learn or to teach), aorist ej 2°ſ When & precedes ejº change it into 3 for imperative; and for aorist add cº tº 3. (There are some verbs in Persian which are transitive sº Jas Story II. as well as intransitive sº y Jº; &S, eºs, oſ-e, -ºſ to mix, to compound ; cºſ to hang, to be suspended; cº to cook; to ripen; cºst J to pour, to flowcºw; to burn, &c. Such verbs are called 9%. U23) ~3° 3-2 Glax sºlº & 38e. digar, the other. 220 y sºle ākehātulamr, at last. Jº mál, property, wealth, (pl. J [x]; Cle (3 fºl—Jºo mutamaw- wil or 5'90°, rich, wealthy), a. ****śl andākht, collected (aorist Glho “s” to 23-ye -e 3393 | & 2) (…o (~303 9-12 e1 &n, the former, ex. 8j%l ºwl Demonstrative pronoun. 2-4° 'alláme, a very learned man. This 8 is not “43 (3 c5!, which is used to form the femi- nine gender in Arabic, but it is used for exaggeration (from ele). There are two signs of exaggeration—(1) is ( - ) egº; over läm, and (2) other the last 8 which is changed into 8 a. 23J tºo Laº 'asr, time. Lae & !e the very learned man of the time, pl. J2 as 'usár, times. When the G** the noun governed ends in obscure $, gää" Ç5 ' (which is preceded by a consonant and not distinctly pronounced) hamze = is written over it for ~3° <^*, the sign of the genitive case instead of 383 . If the -3° ends in sºlº ºs', 6 NOTES ON CHAPTER III.-STORY II. perceptible 8 (which is preceded by 3 and cs, and distinctly pronounced), _y: 3 is written as the sign of gemitive case). —rºa”, contemporary of. coºl im, the latter. (8.5% f* *_3) 33 ye ’āzīz, king. 3: 34 is a title of the king of Egypt. At present the ruler is called 249s. Rhodive of Egypt. In the chapter of the Kuran entitled “Joseph *; it is a title given to Patipher. Formerly this title was given to the 533 x , the minister of Egypt. ~3 gasht, became, (aorist &»3 ~3 (3 e-l, Gºho es”). **** bechashm, with the eye, (pl. e','º', Gl.2). qs"). cºy the halºdrat, contempt, scorn (95-1) adj. 23-º'; 'muhakkir, a despiser, Lºs” muhakkar, Jºe halºr, despied, contemptible, a. 2Afts falſh, lit., a Mohammedan lawyer; a theologian (the learned brother, 283 file), pl. ſº a. & Sys whº mažar kardí, was looking- +3 (32- l, g3!," “sº Lo go L.” is'. Wide Story I. ess, º ºs ºjºs cº, (the rich man) looked at the theologian (the learned brother) with an eye of contempt, i. e., he used to hate the theologian. gºś , and was saying, s”) (~303 ës 2 gy,” eyo man, I (the king) jº ſº." s” G - J - ºk's 2-1, pro. <&lal's saltanat, kingdom, em- pire; (adj, eth)."), a. rºw, ~3%), 23 cy”, I arrived in the kingdom, i. e., I got the empire, I am appointed a king. cyliºrhamchumén, still (Jºãº = fºr even or in the same manner, exe as, like, and of that). ~3S-2 maskanat, poverty, misery. ( e^*, adj. Jºo, pl. csº'º bemſ(ndí, you remained. +k(***=!, G!ho cº-ex Ja; alſº Past tense esº bemºnd; Aorist oil... bemºnad. When the past tense Głko “sº Lo ends in the same letter as aorist, i.e., in (e) and contains the same number of letters, there are two rules to distin- guish one from the other; (1) by the sense of the sentence we can make out, whether it is past tense or the aorist ; (2) the last letter of the past tense is always Gº”, i.e. (not distinctly pro- nounced); and that of the aorist is co; “, i.e. having J.2° over it and which is distinctly pronounced. 28& shukr, thank, obligation, gratitude; (Jeſs fºl) 35% grateful, -2&otbanked, obliged; (pl. 2.2%); 38% shakar, sugar, a. *** mi’amat, graciousness, beneficence; (pl. fºx ni'am, or ce tºxi; (Je (; fºs!) f*** , “…” es'.” a benefactor), a. &Jºlº bá'ri ta'álá, the Lord God most high ; (c.59% God and JºJº most high). In some edi- tions this sentence runs as fol. lows:– <<3& J slº Øs ſº flº ~~ (.2 23 exy?" cºyº cº 3° is," “...as cºaaw NOTES ON CHAPTER III. —STORY II. 7 “Lit. The learned (brother) said, Oh brother, there are many obligations I owe to God (whose mame be glorified) for His graciousness, i. e., I am indebt- ed to Him for His beneficence.” cºyº bar man, upon me, 3 x8% ** cºlº s' ejºs | His gratitude and obligation are upon me, i. e., I am indebted to Him. *** cy” yº J.' (***) tº “…) _& , I ought to thank the Beneficent in proportion to His beneficence, and as the possession of know- ledge is superior to that of money, I owe thanks to Him for having bestowed it upon me. & Lºo mirós, heritage, inheri- tance (fr. ºl; adj. & 2, pl. 29.3 warase, past p. & 2 × inherited, º L** or 33.32° hereditary; pl. * > Lºo moiáris), Q. colº paighambarān, prophets, sing. -ºº: from ſº a message, and J% from c. 993 to carry, jºº from fº: a message and —” from c, \ y? to carry, a carrier of message from God to men; hence a prophet. “sº Je (; ſº present participle. It is formed by prefixing a noun or an adjective to the root of the verb; as, -ºº: a carrier of a message; 23.5° a swift walker. cy Lºº ºl_º the heritage of prophets, i. e., cle knowledge. (The prophet) says, sºlº) sº V (83.22, the learned men are the heirs of prophets. *** J'aní, that is to say, a. fle 'ilm, knowledge, science (pl. ºx!"); present part. Je G ſº (claw mu’allim), a teacher, flas m’wallam, past p, taught, or ſºlao known, (Cle ls **! ) ſ' le ’ālim, a learned man, ºxº education, ſºlº alam, banner, pl. - 4a |, || alam, grief, pl. ryſ |33 turá, to thee. It is equal to J23 but when 23 and cºo are followed by 3 (the sign of objec- tive case), the second letters 2 and w should be omitted as 1,3, and lºo sº ~Jºe 25 &o -blº” 9-19_*** eyº Fir'awn, Pharaoh (a title common to the ancient kings of Egypt), as that of Ptolemy to the later sovereigns. PHARAoPI.—The name given to the monarch ruling in Egypt at the time, in the same manner as Caesar was applied to the Roman Emperors, and as Khan is to the Tartar, and Shah to the Persian rulers, and Amir to the rulers of Kabul. Pharaoh was the king of Egyyt. He proclaimed himself to be God. IIe ordered his subjects to worship bim, and those who disobeyed him were tor- tured to death. Once he dreamt that fire issued from the direction of Syria and burnt the whole country of Egypt, its villages, fortresses, ramparts, &c., to ashes; and the astrologers interpreted that “A male child will be born among the Israelites, which will destroy your kingdom, your followers and you.” Pharaoh, thereupon, ordered all the midwives to inform the executioner of the birth of every male child amongst the Israelites. The executioner killed each male child of whose birth he was informed, and thus he pleased Pharaoh. At this time cholera also made its appearance in Egypt and a large number of the poor Israelites fell victims to it. The followers cºhº (the Copts) of Pharaoh went to the king 8 NOTES ON CHAPTER III.-STORY II. and lodged complaints against him to the following effect : “If your Majesty continues infanticide amongst the Israelites we should soon have to encounter the difficulty of getting our work done.” Pharaoh, taking this into consideration, issued an order that every other year the infants should be spared. By chance Moses was born in a year in which the children were to be killed. Moses’ mother, through fear, after feeding him, applied col- lyrium and pitch to his eyes and head, and placed him in a wooden box and let it float on the river Nile. The box became entangled in bulrushes and ~ſseeing it ordered her servants to bring it to her. (**") The queen was very fond of children, and when she saw a male child in the box she was much pleased ; but Pharaoh wished to kill it and thus get rid of his anxiety regarding the future. **ſ prevented him from such a cruel act, and re- quested him to bring up ...the child. She tried her best to cducate Moses and make him prosper, and towards this cnd she left no stonemnturned. Through her influence Moses secured the hand of a noble Kabbi’s daughter. Once upon a time, while Moses was passing through a street, he saw a Kabti beating an innocent Israelite severely. On this Moses’ heart was melted with pity, and threatened the man so that he might let the Israelite go, but nevertheless he (Kabbi) tortured him more and more. As Moses could not bear the sight he killed him (Kabti) on the spot and went away. The matter was reported to Pharaoh, and he ordered him to be brought into his presence and be put to death. Moses, on hearing the order, ran away stealthi- ly from Egypt and severed his connec- tion with Pharaoh. Moses having returned after the lapse of some years besought Pharaoh to belie ve in God, the Creator of all. Pharaoh listened to Moses and was ready to turn to God, but Hamam, his minister and adviser, prevented him from doing so, Pharaoh deputed a most skilful magician to confound Moses. Moses. in virtue of his staff “a” which had miraculous power, got the better of him. Pharaoh determined to fight the God of Moses, and to this end he in- structed Haman to build a high tower. Accordingly, Haman built the tower so high that it took a person a year and a half to reach the top; and after it had been completed, Pharaoh went to the top with his bow and arrow. He shot an arrow high into the air, intending to kill God. God asked Gabriel to catch the arrow, smear it with blood, and throw it back to Pharaoh, so that he (Pharaoh) might be pleased. Pharaoh was overjoyed with his success ; came down with the dipped arrow, and showed it with pride, to everybody and said that he had killed God. Pharaoh went in pursuit of Moses to the bank of the Nile. When the sons of Israelites saw Pharaoh coming towards them with a large army, they entreated Moses to save them or else in a short time they would be put to the sword. Moses invoked God’s help. Moses was in- spired to use his staff. He struck the surface of water with his staff as he was directed, and , the water was divided into twelve parts. The sons of Israelites crossed the river and reached safely to the other side. Pharaoh followed Moses with his army. As soon as Pharaoh's whole army entered the river, the water resumed its original form and drowned all of them. cyloſ, IIámán, the name of the minister of exº, he is said to have been the favourite of Ahas- nerus and the enemy of the Jews. TNOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY II. 9 exex3 &L** mirás-î-fira’ſºn, Egypt. 61% mulk, country (pl. -9-5 “glo milk, property, pl. -84°l; -º malik, a king, pl. -83.1%; -º malak, an angel, pl. -$4%), a. gº masnavi (=k* masná from cººl two; hence two). (It is a kind of poetry composed of distichs of the same measure, each containing a pair of rhymes. This kind of poetry is generally made use of in writing narratives, histories, fables and stories. There is no limit as to the number of its distichs. Bostán of S’adi; Sháhndme of Firdousi; Yoosuf Zalaikhá of Jāmī; Pandnáme and Mamtikuttair of Fariduddin Attār; Maşnavá of Moulavi Romí. Hadika of Samái : Secamdernáme of Nizami, &c., are all called masnavī (pl. ****) 0. cy” 7,2070. I; alsº eel; _yº-3 fºs! (pl. º, Jakº jº). ſy.” máram=º-, 32°, I am an ant, i. e., I am an innocent and harmless animal •= | rºw (Uxs ce tº f) cºlº ls --J - -3 tº 25 ke, whom, G_2,e_2^ C36 ſº # 39 darpáyam=L- “s'º, to me under feet; (e)y=&o ^**). * bemaland, they trample, (in contempt ; from ejº) tº to rub, to trample; es) (*=93) lo es”-8- Lazo (means two children sucking from the same breast. & J.'s 2* ºl) (+3 tº It is equal to Jº…" mustakhil, future tense, and J'e the present tense and hence the name. If ~5/1 and Cs precede the sign of . infinitive cy 9 they are omitted in form- ing the imperative _ºol; for & ) (.a.o add cº tº J le to _yo , if the first letter of the sºlo past tense, & 3 Lazo aorist, or x^' imperative is fxº~ Or 82°5", i.e., has U*** over it, &3 5 cs" 5 the superfluous * should be pronounced rx. As mvazmám. But if the first letters of the abovementioned tenses are cº- or ***** , i.e., have y? 3 over them or 33-8- Or J 23.5° , i.e., have Ly: 3 below them, the * '3 c5!? should be pro- nounced Jº-º maksár. (These rules are not observed in speaking.) cs': 29, wº/* to tread under feet, i.e., to crush to death through (contempt or carelessness). a me, and not. -> ſ2.5%; 2umbúram = ***, 22:33 I am a wasp, J.52% 25– **** J.5°32 and I am not a Wasp, i.e., and I am not mischievous and oppressive (like you). When c) miſºn comes before be in the middle of a word it is pronounced like ſ’, (pl. *3) This is called (*~ “e dast, hand, subs. (pl. Jºwo). *JG náland, they may cry; (fr. eyes/0, 43 sº ejº, Ja; a tº ** 3'-eyº Cº. 3", on account of my sting. eyes) (; ~~ & 3!, to complain against (some one on account of oppression or injustice). Prose—(the learned brother says). gº is 2° (revº) /* cy” of e- , º Xº3 (, ) * s” (ex-) ox) tº ejº “93 l (fºx) 2 10 NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY III. * kujá (original where) how, here G is understood, (#" (; how long, how much. • 23- (khud, self or Own), S 3- wo I myself. -9% º reflective pronoun & 23 khaud, a beautiful young girl. khúd, a helmet. ejº & Xs, to express grati- tude (aorist op 133). * ke, that. 32.5 zúr, power. ſ' eye mardum, people (e= |*| collective noun). cs,' ' àzári, affliction, trouble; (inj. wey!31 or eye, 31 to afflict, to injure; g, 31 rejº oppressing people). (cs, e.a. 's') (Jºº e ) > 37 revº, oppressor. P. 0.- ~4x3 cy: |_S& lsº ( (3) Cºyº “How shall I express my thanks (to God) that I do not possess the power of oppressing people,” i. e., I am exceedingly thankful to God for His not having made me a king who possesses the power of oppressing people. Moral.—As riches lead a man to vanity and indifference, and poverty makes him humble, it is advisable for him to be content with the lot in which God has placed him without being greedy, so that he may be rewarded in this world as well as in the next. Notice k}{= Cº pe ſ's ~~}_j's L,~ 3° 2 & J & ~~|~3%aileº's “sºy's sº ºf 25 --~2-s-Éé-É32*ST- 2:- Jºkº Story III. sº 2 × 3 darwīshí, a beggar, an indigent person, a monk ; (pl. Cº., L 3), originally 3: , 39 which was 343 L S from je a door and 3.21 from eji=>ſ to hang about, to loiter; one who hangs about or stands at every door; hence ‘a beggar.’ Qu ( -->, |2 or Cº., are suffixes showing likeness; hence one who is as precious as a pearl, owing to his piety, p. * * * didam, I saw, (S’adi says aorist º 23). Some editions read reº - ( flºw &c. |2 c5!ho “s” Lo Jas cºlº | rá to (Uxic ex4e the sign of mn object, i. e., after an object L is written). 25 ke, who (Jºe zºo C36). Jºsſ &tish or 4tash fire; (adj. eºſ or gºſ – “tºſ fiery; 45) ºf , fire works, p. Jāśfakr, poverty; adj.2%apoor man; 38% muftakar, reduced to poverty, a. 233 fake, starvation; poverty, a. S to milk, aorist & e ). whº taskin, consolation, com- fort, (e.8°), a. ºb's, Elétir, the heart, mind; Pl., Lik Lys. 3 rà, for the sake of. The Bombay edition published on 18th Shawwal 1241 Hijra reads ex- cº-º jib's cº-3, exº~ *** cºº and was comforting his miserable heart with the following couplet. The manuscript reads gº!-3, S_Sºo º,3 *** w; exis k (- “and for the consolation of his heart, he was reciting the following couplet.” ** bait (1) a couplet, (pl. quº', (2) a house, pl. ºº, double pl. colº) Cº. sºfard, a verse, (pl. 9 L3 !). *** or ey” is a single couplet, the two hemistichs of which may or may not ryhme. Each distich gives one complete idea ; no additional lines are necessary to complete the sense. It can be composed in any metre. *Y. • º te Jº Shi'a", originally to know ; to perceive. It is a measured speech with rhymes and meaning, pl. 2'-ºl; (Jeſ; f*)_*(* a poet, pl. Laºs; 8 ye tºo a meeting of poets, conversazione, a. e'º benán, with bread, wº e G Ol' C6 9 J J.31 e.9 the Sllm, -***, *eº tº —£13 ºz. e6, (ºvo e G 2 the moon ; we'é vº J & wº to get ready for journey : cº 2 & eº eye tº to be successful; Je (; fº!, º's or 333 a baker, 32° 28 the noun qualified, swbs. p. -ºš Khushk, dried,( A= <-e) positive degree, (adj. gºë land, cont. Cº-3 water s!“ -º famine). e Sys cº-e (33 kaná'at kardan, to content with. axle jáme, a garment, ~3°º. GJs dall, worthless, humble, old; (it is the --> of Je dele, a weasel, of whose skin the dervishes prepare their dresses), *ā-e p. It should be read Gle &cl= jáme-i- dall, and not cºlo, zºº's jánte wa dall, as some editions read “º - º 25 ke, because, (24'x3 -56) 3 tº bár, a load, weight. 23 better. (There are some adjectives as 23 — Jº — Gºº — 89 2 3–65, &c., which are used in positive form to denote compari- son). <=" mehnat, trouble, labour; (pl. Jºs” mihan), a. 25 ke=3 | than, (JA483 G & ) <\º minnat, obligation. (pl. exº~ miman, adj. e., “ obliged), a. &= khalk, people; (pl. G. As pr. p. 3's the Creator; pl. p. 12 NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY III. &ls” people; Glé Khulk, disposi- tion, (pl. 343- ) and Gºls a. P.0–(94%)&ſe &cl=> -ºs. Jº Sys, “…asº Jº (25 p:5) ſº cºac (33 (~w_*) Gls ºº (; (31) “I must content myself with dry bread and simple dress, because the burden of one's own labour is pre- ferable to that of people's obligation. It is better that I should put up with trouble than be obliged to others. ^*** is equal to rº . For the sake of rhyme they (the Persian poets) do use a singular nominative with a plural verb. g-5 kest, somebody. g!eº ~3 tº &c. | > f*** ** Gºśāś guftash– |33 | <āş, said to him, (Jºão Gº). sº 2° chemishíní, why do you sit, i. e., why do you feel so much and sit idle. Go to such and such a person in the city; he is very liberal and is willing to assist pious men like you. (Another edition reads & and the manuscript reads gº-ºº. Evident- ly the last is preferable). eyº fulán, such a one. ey in, this, “Pº 83% fºl. intº Shahr, a city, p. (yº,5° alſº ple (“l yº-y * > 3) ‘sºk taba'ii, a disposition, (pl. &ºk; adj. 82%), a. rºyº, karim, generous, merciful. (o, ſo tº sºb, he has a liberal disposition, i.e., he is generous and kind, pl. ſ >5). º karam, kindness (pl. -L3 adj. ryº or º), a. **** 'amim, universal; ſº ſº universal kindness, i.e., he was kind to all. In the manuscript this sentence runs as follows:– Gºa, º ºsºbrº eje 3 cº º ºw! ſº wºo miyān, waist (from cytºx middle, between), p. ~~ es' bel.hidmat, for the ser- vice, (pl. evºcê š-; (J.,xkºº's!) cºs^ a master; (Jet; **!) re's a ser- vant. 24.3 c5!? or ~!e), a. e6 3.5" &ádgán (vide story II.), pious men, (pl. of s 57 or 8 of31). cº-3 bastan, to bind (aorist Seº cº-3 wºo to girdle, i.e., to be ready). ~! colºe 151 ~o es? Jºo, lit. he has girt up his loins for the service of pious persons, i.e., he is ready to meet with the wants of religious persons. Cs pearl. je dar, a door. (2) in, into, tle dilhá, hearts, pl. of Je zº-º nishiste, he sat. 't's jeº ~&3, lit., he has sat on the door of the hearts (of people), i.e., he is ready to give consolation to poor people. ~3 tº 3-1, +33 sºlº cººl Jas ~Je. “by”-23 Jºe cº__2^2-4 5.5° stºrat, appearance; J's state or condition; 23 thou. Jºe coxey'— the very sight of the condition, i.e., the real state; the poor condition. NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY III. I3 CŞ Léo ~ x2–J's ovy”—y (~ _j} 24/l <3.3% (3 -3 (4.8–23' | < 3%, J = (3. -3'-ac –2*] -3 (..." 33 and -3 (… 22.5% zº) | Gºo ~~, 29 (ºr clunănke hast, as it is. —393, wukáf, information, know- ledge. ** -5,3, may get informa- The manuscript reads— *_j | S or g-; ūdj. zúsº needy). eye,” “s-5 Gº “***, lit. to carry one’s needs to some one, i.e., to expose one's need and ask Sonnething of some one. ſ', ham, together with, over each other. [riká), a. zzº ruka, a patch; (pl. tº cºs.; S fºr rºy, to sew patch over patch. * Ly! ilzám=ej828 p59, render- ing necessary, (c.5'), a. a 5 kunj, a corner. It is wrong to read g” ganj here. _ºo gº fly!!, rendering it necessary to confine (myself) in a corner quietly. _tº 35 kazbahr—tº 3 c5, than, for the sake of (Jºã83 sk) Or as here is equal to 4 or °49.23 -36. In this case it would be inter- rogative. 14 NOTES ON CHAPTER III-STORY III. co's jáme, a garment, p. 2-3 y rulº'a, a note, a short letter; (pl. a 52 riká’a, wº or coºp), p. There is a pun on the word 2-3, in this line. It is •e ! —” rº CºAS • –73 bar, to, near (nouns used as pre- positions, as 333– ~$335 – 3 – 3 —c) 22 e--wº—Lyº–Cº-ºr-tº- –0°-exº~ &c., take 8,- i.e., 233 under them, asºšje jºy -je 353, &c.) 2 º g cº-º- Khájagán, great men, rich merchants, (sing. 2-2s), p. ** 23 miwisht=& 23 or cºsj. to write (aorist ex; 23); cºº nawashtan, to fold; aorist es_2}. * Y tº 2 º ºw º cº e S-Lé º ox3 _j, to write a petition to a great man asking his assistance. 22 e 2 *, Jºel_-_º 6x33 co-tº 3 25 c. xxo “To sew patch upon patch and ren- der it necessary to confine (myself) in a corner quietly is better than to write a petition to great men for clothing, i.e., it is better to be content with our own wretched and torn dress than to ask others for a rich one.” The following couplets bear out the above. ſº - vº º 22 * * • 2 to \ •". --lºsſ < 3,5 [3 Q & ***) a:-w ... cº Lº Gº 24, 23° (- exts ... e.” Lé “ºle ** = 3 2. | (3= halºká, by God, really, 2:4-5 –%) tº bá, is superfluous here and it is used for the sake of rhyme. tor- [p. #328 dozakh, hell; (adj. sè339, ~35%a ’ukábat, torture, ment, (~3°), a. _º Lº barábar, equal to. ckey" ca'; páemardī, Cs 92°cs': (lit. in the foot of a neighbour) i.e., help, assistance. e: “, z: "… hamsáe, a neighbour, (ºr the same and zºº shade, living under the same shade, i.e., neigh- bour (pl. c. 3'-º', ), p. In com- pound words fºr means fellow, or companion as 8 L4, a fellow- traveller; c32-4, a class-brother; cº-wrºt, a fellow-citizen, &c. It is nearly synonymous with the Latin prefix con. <2*tº behisht, paradise (from cº, to leave. It is left by Adam and Eve and hence the name; adj. Gºt?, pl. e. (ºt: ). P. O.-2: …, sº ejº's 23 (3- ~~! #33 e <2*2:3: J&J “tº e “(I) swear by God that to enter paradise by the help of a neighbour is equal to suffer the pains of hell, i. e., to enjoy oneself at the expense of others is the worst pain or disgrace in the world.” Moral.–It is the duty of every man to have patience in adversity and not to go begging. He should put up with hardship rather than to be under the obligation of others. Sº z:S zºº. SQS & eºséeº NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY IV". I 5 : 29% <& Story IV. 3' sº !yekī az, one (out) of, a certain. When the letter C3 follows amy numeral, it means “a certain,” when it follows any noun and precedes the numerals, it means “about, ” e.g., ex'ſ —wº cº-yº gº! is' (~ , after a lapse of about five years. When the numerals follow the substantive and Qi Oe 3 sº lº precedes them, that Cs means about, or nearly (and mot One). —5.3% mulák, kings (sing. —Qo); adj. 2.63%, $3).< mamlák, property, a ^** ’ajam, Persia; (adj. ‘s “F” Persian.) -->e (3 f** i.e., whole world. *** -$31, 3 &, one of the Persian kings. Here it alludes to Naushirwān the just. Csºk tabſbí, a physician, pl. ºb ałibbá, from ~ b medicine, “32° 22°), Cl. & S (~ hazik, skilful, intelli- gent, ~3.2 and Jºão $9.25% lº ~&c. | ré, to, (it is not given in the Bombay and the manuscript). ** *** bekhidmat-i, (lit. in the service of, to pay due respect to). edition Here it means “presence,” pr. p. re's; a servant ; pt, p. r2 es”, a master), a. *** **** mohammad, praise- worthy, highly to be praised. The prophet Mohammad. ( Jºhaw mustafá, chosen, selected. It is one of the names of Mohammad; adj. cs:***. When a noun ends in | alifor çs or 8 he it is changed into 9, and Cs is added in forming adjectives, aS Jºy” murtuzá, cs:45° of murtuzá. sº, sº, e dehlwi, of Delhi; " cs?”. Sometimes 8 is altogether omitted, as 28.0 - *** of Mecca, ***—gies of Medina. J&– (s’ & of Bengal. ſº 23's L / L 2+)|e & J Cºke sallalla ho 'alaihe wa &lehi wa-ashá behi wa sallam, the blessing and peace of God be with him (Mohammad) with his ăl (i. e., zeb º, e -- and exº~~) and with his asláb (his four followers, viz., jºy * , tº #3 (gle – ey'.” –– e – 28.2° ). The abridged form is fake . It is written over the name of **** in very small letters, instead of ſºlº _5 asle &J | ske (ce being the initial letter of the first word ske–J the middle of the second *111–8. the first of the third cºke and ſº the final of the fourth fºl"). As far as address is concerned, the Mohammedans are very particular both in their works and in their correspon- dence. Great etiquette is observed when addressing prophets, religious leaders, saints, kings, Superiors, equals, friends, inferiors, the dead and the living. After the names of the pro- phets they write r!(...) | cºle (be peace on him). The abridged form is * or f*. After those of religious leaders ~\c &J 2:23y (for a male,) may God be pleased with him. 'tºº & J cº, (for 16 NOTES ON CHAPTER III-STORY IV. a ſemale). The abridged form is jº.) . Speaking of a saint they write cº º 8 y” kuddisa sirrahú, may his secret be holy. For a dead king &_3 &J L (3 and ralláho turbatahú, may God illumi- mate his tomb, (for a living king) &!!!els. •S)zo or 2& ſ ſe dém mulkahá, may his kingdom exist for ever, or alk ſ | S dám 2illahú, may his shadow be for ever (over his subordinates, &c.) For a superior allº 21% º madda zillahú, may his shadow be lengthened. r's or cºal fle lo Or For equals 2&txe dám ‘ināyatahºº or dùm luftfahºº, may his kindness be for ever. For friends 25.5% tº zººs” e / e &c. dām muhabatahºº or shaukahá, may his love or friend- ship be for ever, and for the pious cale &J |&s) rahmatulla 'alaihe (dead), may the mercy of God be upon him ; the abridged form is a J. for the living ~e (§e 'afa’anhá or &c &l/l (§e , may God keep him safe, or J.J (~3 &J 2.1% sallamallá hu ta’álá, may the Almighty God keep him safe. The former term, i. e., cºe (ke or &e &J tº the writer or the author also can use for himself. For inferiors J.J tº 40 |&ºlº or Jºb 8 y” fºla’umrahá, may his life be lengthened. For females, tº ae ſ' le or ‘tº dán 'ismatahá or ºffathá may her chastity be for ever. Now-a-days in correspondence, terms regarding equals, friends and inferiors have been done away with. They follow the English system. s' * Sälä, a year. (* 9-2 c5!?) *** chand, some, several. (The Bombay edition and the manu- script have not this word.) It shows number and yes shows quantity. 3'-e dīyār, (primary meaning) houses (secondary) a region, a country; sing. le (Je (; fºl) y' dayyár, inhabitants.), a. 34°. * >e 'arab, Arabia (adj. sº-yº of Arabia). (j-ye , 32.25° 2A) CŞ Lao tº -3 (…) • 23 biºd, ( 3 x = xj+. remained). 2*] | -3 (…o Wa,S. gº kest, some one; 23 s”; none. Jºjº betajribet, in order to make an experiment(of medicine), i.e., to take medicine; adj. --5° mujarrab Jºzº tried, examined, º,5° mujarrib-c: qsłly:--~!" ‘sº (pl. * * C޺ pish-i before, to (vide story III.) 2 him, (physician); sometimes they substitute is, for it. from ºve), a. &ots; meyāmad, did not come. &= 2 -3 2-y” ..c5!ho qs” (~ Jas sº -3 tº When the past tense, aorist, imper- ative, &c., begin with $3.5° º! I a short alif, it is changed into 45 when 33 y cs': the superfluous be or ‘st' f* Ol' cº w?' expressing megation and prohibition is prefixed; sometimes cº is omitted, as cº, cº: wºº and cºc &c. If they begin with -àJ § 3 ; \** alif having 8° over it, the *** is changed into cs and the -àJ is retained, e.g., tº-ecº-ex tº and tºº. eis'.” mw'alajati a remedy (*), pl. els'-º', pr p. "máálij, a physician, pi, p. g (x3 (2% * máálaj, cured. NOTES ON CHAMPTER III—STORY IV. 17 cºs' 33-93 dar khástan, to ask, desire, to request. tº 3 &20 (#3 3 C**. “sº25° g-5 ºw Lis' je es. 3' cºs' (*o, “none {of the citizens) went to him to try his medicine, nor applied to him for any remedy.” 218 gile, a complaint. c. 92% 215 to complain, p. 25 ke, saying. (20.2% 5'3). L sex, e. Lºo mur-in bende ré, to the very slave, i.e., to me; → * means the very, especially. Generally it is superfluous. This sentence in manuscript goes as follows:— a sli-, -- &#''< *, 2* as-háb, companions, friends. (It is not the direct pl. of ~~(2 but it is the double pl. sahab is the plural of ~~~, and •las” is the plural of crºsº. Sometimes they do write -A-Lot the pl. of +'s". This term is used for those (men) who were in company of the prophet Mohammad ſºlº even for an hour, a. 3.31 & St., firistáde-and, (liter- ally, they have sent). His majesty the king has sent (me). el; Jas ~33 &= -$ 3.5° ~3,3 gºtº Out of respect they do use a plural verb with a singular nominative. Jº (=*! of ~~ (.2. ~s” ce & muddat, a space of time, interval. c. ex cº, e, in this inter- val, during this time; (adj. 949.9)a. ce (33/1 iltäſät, regard, respect. (~8) 5 adj. <&lo, Q. ejo,' coºl, to regard, to mind, to take notice of. trº J. The Bombay edition and the manu- script read cyeº cs” “l ºo cy: ) & o,5 25 cºláš) ', and during this interval no one has taken notice of me, i.e., , no one came to me either to take modi- cine or to take medical advice. G td., so that. gºes khidmati, the service (of giving medicine). *** bande, (originally a slave), here it means “I”. Out of courtesy the Mohammadans do use sº for evo, though the word 8*! was used formerly instead of cy”; the verb was still in the third person singular. In modern times they use *** for e^, but the first personal termination ſº mºm is added to the verb, 6.Q., Lo! ſ's 23 $ 2.1 * (*= Jyº 8 & reº -3_º c. [32].” 3', I called at your place, but unfortunately I could not see you. Je (; 23.5° tº 's-->+* ***->|->3) (Cºle's “J-25 &c &= | r = c-1 sº mu’aiyyam, appointed, entrusted; adj, exº~& mu’in, exº~~ ma’áwin an assistant (from ecº an assistance, help), a. cy?” r21 (+. bajá áram, I may per- form, I may execute. 25 gºes (3 ro'ſ (=? --~ | cºxo, so that I may perform the duty, which has been entrusted to me, i.e., no one came to me either to take medical advice or to take the medicine that I might give it to him. Jºy rasíl the prophet Mohammad. (2) messenger. evº23 to be ready to wrestle. *** * cº-º- to follow beggary. [[•S= ), a. ſº-hakim, the physician; (pl. Jº ls **b S3? 392, •". (sº º _9 cº-3 J 3 ..". --by o 3.31 ass 33 25 re: 9 / - J -> / / → C → 9 / A Arabic : -h! cº-e Gºº Gº 2. tº JG 2-a; sº Joã] 'e-> 2 & eº'ſ sº **-Jº ex: , 1 > ** ~23 taube, repentance. c.3% eys ,5 to repent, i.e., to confess all the errors or sins (committed) before God or a religious guide, and to promise not to do them again. Csejº cº,3 (vide story I.) ~33 e-l, s, ,-i- Jº Jº wº (Je (; ~~!) & 3G, one who repents. cs S_2; c. 53, he made vows of Wr repentance. 39 báz, again. Jºº-Kº, shekesti, (he) used to break; cº-Sº, c. 53 to break re- pentance, i.e., to do again (to commit sin or error) contrary to the promise. (aorist &) tº tá, so that, until, as. zºo masháyekh, learned reli- gious persons, (venerable holy men, (sing. 84% shaikh), other plurals are #33% shuyákh and £ººl ashyākh, a. as a title taken by the descendants of the prophet and given to proselytes to Mohammedaaism (2) It is the first of the four classes into which Mohammedans are divided. *** saiyed, (a lord or a prince). The title of the chiefs of the family of Mo- hammad, descended from 'Ali and his daughter Fáteme. (a) 33% o–8 & 32” (amir a noble- man and 8° 3 born, hence a prince or a son of a noble-man); a title prefixed to the names of Mughals or their descendants. 2% - (b) -º, a title affixed to the name of Mughals; corresponding to lord, master, &c. (c) cº-, a title or patronymic of Mohammedan nobles, especially when of a Persian or Pathan descent. A title of honor, bravery and loyalty conferred on a Mohammedan of any of the four classes 2 & badu, to him. It is equal to 3 (3 to avoid a hiatus o dál is written instead of 8 or l). Jºe chunín, thus. It is com- pounded of cy: ' ex-. fileº Jºãº I think (so), I can gather from (your conduct) (from cº-j ſe to know). flºw ** 12 J (~ 23.4° eye 25- yº-3 bisyár khurdan, to eat much, to act a glutton, (aorist • 2-). ſcs • tº & S (a '4dat, habit, (Je (; few ') cº's a 9's eye 3.2%. 5%-3 you are addicted to eat much.  kaid, imprisonment ; adj. *āo mukaiyid, (pl. Stºl), a. 23's º a prison; e) lºj. J-º nafs, soul; (pl. c.3%), a. C-839.3 kaid-i-nafs, the impri- sonment of the soul, i.e., cº, repentance. [Jºã3. _*śj (: bārāktar, thinner; &e cºº mui, a hair. Jexerê, nafs parwardan, to indulge, to pamper. *3 sanjir, a chain, p. a 4-3 guslámad, may break ; from eyes;4-3, or eye **) to cause to break. It is a causal 22 NOTES ON CTIAPTER III—STORY WI. verb and is formed by adding eyegl or eyes; I to the root; J-3 from eyes!-3. e ' º', a day may come. Sye: bedarad, may tear (from c) & y & to tear). eye, Lº 23 c53233:1, a day may come that will involve you in calamities. [of a wolf cº,3 &# bache-i-gurg, a whelp ** 223, sº míparwarid, was nou- rishing. Ç5) 54." gº's Jr.; Jº (; -3% eel, (aorist ex; from ejº y 23 the corresponding infini- tive is e, ex: ** 89.3223 parvarde shºtd, was nourished ; Jpts” cºllac szé tº s e g e *****=[y. It is formed by adding 93 to the past participle. ~ 23, khaje, the master; (pl. e's L-); &= - mastership, a. Moral.—To eat more than sufficient makes a man dull and unhealthy. It prevents him from doing good to him- self and also to others. The following story will bear out the truth. — —-cC-—- - Q º tº'º. ( ) 42 *_^, exº~ siraf, annals, history, The life, (pl. lºw) a. -***) Ardshir (an angry or excited lion, or like a lion). (1) It is the title of cyºtº Bahman, som of eſſ cº, 3:23%." |. His grand- father Gustasp finding him very bold memoir. –9 and brave gave him this name, 99 | &\ º urd like and yº” lion, or, ey' and anger ** * g and Jº a lion. His reign was con- temporary with that of the Emperor Commodus. (2) J.313 y Lleo says that nº ej is the son of 2323.4% Shirwiſe, son of -333-332,-- the king of Persia. (3) Some are of opinion that he was the son of cy'”, and was the first king of the ^*}^*(~ dynasty. (4) The author of c) (33 maintains that it is the name of a king who ascended the throme 523 years after the death of Alexander. The majority of writers are in favour of the opinion given in (1) or (2). cº !. bábków, is from –$3% ; it is the *N name of the grandmother of cºyº” op'. Story VI. e's'." As he was brought up by her, he was called after her name. Alif and nán, w in ey'º'; show relation. Some say that -** bábak was the name of the interpreter of the dream of ejº's, who gave him (c) (* (*) the good news of the birth of yº • and consequently he was called so. ~~|tex'ſ ejº (, 2% ej º” ye “it is written in the annals of Ardashir bàbak&m.” ~3° 3-, -ºxº gº to J23 gº º ur y” pºss lakim-i-'arab, a phy- sician of Arabia, (qs=* 23 <$1.3 T) 34°-cº! G… ºr yº-G (2&to fºe) ( J.54% ºf Glax tº ( g!” S >> are equal to about half a seer weight. From a reliable source, however, it is ascertained that r * **, are equal to a quarter of a seer. -º-, sand, weight, p. 935 -- (85 kifáyet kunad, will suffice. The manuscript reads ~~#3 (55 ; adjective cºk. (Vide story II., poetry.) in <-33 guſt, he (the king) said. ~3 (3 x= | > c5!hº Csº (~ J-3 \tº tº 3 & 1 inkadar, so much, i.e., —& cy See the manuscript reads jleko Jºl, this quantity, pl. of ple?” is 23 s (8× malºdīr. • 23 lºſtwat, power, strength ; e; S < 53, will give strength ; adj. c.33% strong, or cºxº~ (vide story II, poetry), a. " ~33 gift, (the physician) said (aorist es;*). Arabic. This quantity will carry thee (i.e., will support thee); and whatever exceeds that (quantity), thou art the carrier of it. (i.e., it would be indiges- tible). The same passage has been explained in Persian. 23-3 ye’ami, that is to say. exlºº, es': A bar påe hamſ- dárad, or eyles” # 33 barpá Tilf- dáriºd, supports (raises). Cs in Jº is ºl; superfluous. When a ioun oran imperative ends in or 2 94'3 sº is written, as g3.j— głºś- (s319-–g3 23–g3,3– and J33---93 &=!, U- Jas coºl (The manuscript reads Sylºw yº) **_y, herche, whatever, (it is used forinanimate objects, and for animate objects cºy, whoever or whosoever is used). [ _*. cº_j} barín, upon it, i.e., cy e > * * * 5 ziyādat, more, increased. J-3 (> &= 3 a 3.4° J-34 lº | sº sº Jº- hammāl, a carrier (of burdens), a bearer, (from Jee; (Je (; ~!) Use, a bearer; clºt- (pregnant), a. * 24. NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY WII. , sle (3 _5 &o &= 3 re ** The manuscript reads. gif Jº's 23 *** 83 (33 cºpº re.” siſ &mi- Jº- eſ– (sº- eſ.J- thou art the carrier of that.— 3'-ac-ºſ 3 (.32 c) 1–3 (..** J'-- Jas cº cs': —Je's caſt slºot, ej' ºo ºly L.3 x 23:2 ſ, so much quantity (i.e., -&- rj99.e) will Support thee. isſ Jo's 23 gº 8.9%; cy?_y? rº-yº. “And whatever thou addest to it thou art the carrier of it, i.e., if thou eatest more than exo —&” ry e it would remain undi- gested. ... cº-ºrº rejº 32-rº 32, gº-sº ſº (tº 2-1 J_2<^ ºf s? Lº bará-e, for the sake of. Jºj žístan, to live; (aorist 923 – ~~33 life ), p. -* 3 &tkr, praise, eye ,5 – 5 S to praise; (to God); pl. , 331(Jeº rºl) L5 Š, Cb, **** mu'atakad, a believer (ege. 98*** = Cs ºxo thou art the believer, or thou hast an im- pression that). —tº 3 az bahr, for the sake of, “ ejoys 25 & 5 cº-35 sºlº e 93.2% “Eating is for living and praising God, i.e., to eat as much as can support our life which should be spent in praising (and worship- ping) God. “ c ox--tº 3! cº-35 25 ºzo,3 “Thou believest that living is for eating.” The sense is the same as that expressed by the English maxim “Live not to eat but eat to live.” Moral.—To eat as much as will support the life, for, it makes a man active and healthy. --~~aºse st- © ::3% t & ar * • C* > 3 > darwish, a monk, a dervish ; (pl. Cº., L 3). (Vide story III.) gle G ~J's 55 &c &= rte ſe- When the subject is preceded by a numeral adjective it always remains singular in form, but takes a plural verb; but if the subject denotes an in- animate object, the verb is put in the singular. cºs Lás khſtrásání, of Khurá- sán. (cº- c.5%) cy “Lé- is an extensive and noble country, the ancient Bactriana lying to the north of the river Oxus or Gibon. e." Lé, means the East. It lies to the east of Persia and Babylonia, and hence the maine. Brewer says “IChurasau’’ = (Region of the sun), Story VII. province of Persia, anciently called 2 Al’13.0%l. r; *… mulázim, attached to ; (from ry') past p. royº, a. (-39 necessary;rly ilzám, blame). ****suhbat, company, society; adj. “re are musáhib, a compa- Ill Oll, Q. 283 99 yelºdigar, each other. Là." safar, a journey, (pl. pº- '); (Je (; ~!) 23'-- a traveller, a passenger; 2 (3-3'-s, eye,S_º to travel. The manu- script reads <= |* Siyāhit, tra- an inn ; velling (Je (; c. 1) cº" and the whole sentence goes as, C*323s 3 NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY VII. 25 * two dervishes of RJuras &m were travelling together for a long ime.” cºxs” r;4° es'-º'-- C** 23° 2 o \ :C5 3.3 Syś <--> ºw _º e.Sº 5 lić. 6 & t"W/O dervishes of Khurásán attaching themselves to the company of each other were travelling, i.e., they were travelling together. escº to &cl= J-3-, ses,< ~~!” ~3° sº es L.” (Wide story I.) sº yeki, one of them. -*** 20’if, infirm, weak; (-àx-3) -àx.31—Jºš 2**22 a. 25 ki, because (~!e 36). ** 33 rc’ beher dù shal, on every other night, after two days’ fast. jºb; iftér, Ghs) breaking fast just before evening prayers,” after having fasted all day. ge, 5%; he used to break his fast. 2 (A3 & 9 º' here means :—He used to eat. Both the G & after ox and Çs 53 are UA'-3 36 It is customary with the Mohamme- dams to observe fasts in other months than cy'” ) © eº Ramazán is the ninth month of the Mohammedan year, during which the prophet Mohammed has enjoined that a fast of the most rigorous kind should be observed. All Mohammedans being interdicted from eating, drinking Alld conjugal duty during day, i.e., from the morning prayer to the evening prayer. The sick person, the traveller, the soldier in the field, and others, Whose situation will not permit so strict an observation of it, are obliged to fast a complete month when their health and circumstances will allow. The Mohammedans eat their meals a little before dawn to enable them to fast till might. This meal is called 3.5°sahár. The month of cºº is greatly revered on many accounts, but particularly from the belief that it was on the 27th might of this month called yea! | &laſ (the night of power), that the Alkorán began to descend from beaven, on the anniver- sary of which all Mohammedans conti- nue most fervently in prayer, believing that every petition then put up to Omni- potence will be favourably received. e'…"). is derived from Air. Cºº burning, as it burns the sins, and hence the name, a. 2& 3 wa digar, and the other (The manuscript reads gº the other.) [=953 ), a. es;3 kawi firm, robust; (pl. jº 2° se bar, thrice (2” three and 2'3 time, turn), p. (The manuscript reads cºlº “s ex-p'º 2°, i.e., he (the robust) used to eat thrice a day. Tsūji iftefákam, it happend that, ! {^3 by chance, (233 chance y=3| by). _º bar, (originally, upon) at. Le dar, a gate. [p. cºrt” shahri, a city, a 3-2 c5!? ~ *t tuhamat, accusation, suspicion. (It is also correct to pronounce tuhmat). *** 2° on suspicion. (The infinitives which are used after the word “tº are as follows:–eºlº-esº-oº-ex” e Sº-cººley); e. ex: adj. "tº muttahim, a. g”, “e jásásſ, spying (es” CSX exaco; cle (s **!) U-2" = . pl. crº-slºe. 2 (§º giriftár, involved (in trouble); ejecſ 2 (33,5 were arrested. (It is from cº,3 to catch ;) it is the Cºxº~~ p >a< which is formed by adding p' to the past tense, by adding Jº to the root, &c. w * The evening prayer is performed just after sunset. 26 NOTES ON CHAPTEE III — STORY VII. ejecſ tº,3, they were caught. g”;"|→ “tº cº certº 39 y L'a? 2-1 jº, by chance they were seized at the gate of a city (while entering) on suspicion that they were spies. ly 59 ºr hardt/rá, to both of them, Jºs” maköás, imprisoned, (from cº-), a. 23's bilháne, in a house, (C&tº zºº; pl. q = (-). When a noun denoting an inanimate object ends in 8 the 8 is changed into & and col is added; adj, cº- domestic. The manuscript reads 99 & 25 29's pe | 2 °2, *** * > * der Kerdand, they (the sepoys) confined them ; c) e_53 y Q to acquire or make up ; cº, jo to run away ; c) ejºſ, è to take out; c) ex/3s to Gilt Ol'. -3 le &= Głkº cºlo ecle Ja; cººl Jºe drash = ey've , its (i.e., house) door. -3.3 LA-3 cº, J} gil, mud; adj. c.18 muddy. * 512 bar 4vardand, they (the sepoys) closed, eºſ, Jº Jºe they covered its door with mud. ee>72 to cover or to fulfil; wº-12 to pay due respect, to be fulfilled; e) of oxº to quit, to release; cººley; to raise; Jojº to level, to separate; eº-Sºto shun, e S_º_3 to put on, to learn by heart, to kindle, exº ba'ad, after. **, 3 S dollaſte, a fortnight ; (3 S two, 2% from ~8, seven, a week), 31, 38, weekly. 9& fx).<< m'alám shud, it was known; (from ºle; (Je's ºwl) 'ſte fºxº), a. 8 tº bignináh, innocent; ( & without, $33 fault), p. ey's ján, soul, p. ~~ * salámat, safe; 88 y << 2.2 lit. he (the old man) e = carried his soul safely, i.e., the • Le old man was alive ; adj. Pl.” musallim; cº-º healthy. ejº e darān-e 3'59, in this, i.e., by this circumstance, viz., the young and fat man died while the old and weak was safe). (Jºe) > -º-; 33%" ſº cº->|-> S5 & 9, s p_x=* ejejlº -5° 'ajab bemandaud, (they) were astonished. ~3 le &= c5!ho cs” ls & (> Jas Csº a hakimi, a philosopher, learned; (pl. “S-), a. Wº J M3, khilāf, contrary; (Jeºrºl -à) (**), a. C. ex: c2 | J 23, had it been otherwise, i.e., if the old man had died and the young man would have been living. ask, & cº.ºto the subjunctive past is formed by prefixing_º to the imperfect tense. C3 °-33 Jºš-3 -3 (3 e-l, -skyº sº Jº cº-s’’ajal bidi, would have been wonderful. This sentence & ex: -5° tº ex: cº) < *-*" is not given in the manuscript. gº of &n yaki, that one (the young) strong. p :- khár, eater, (from c. • 23- to eat; c.33° 39'2"), 22.9° 2', ; it is generally preceded by zerº J'é and followed by -ºll of cs, it is written but not pronounced. " NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY VII. 27 <-3(k tālºtt, power, strength ; adj. x****{b strong, robust, a. cs: sº binatái, fasting, want of "food, abstinence. (es with- out, 33 food; provision). gºs” besakhti, with severity or agony. ** < *, halák shud, died; adj. -Qtº dangerous. Lºs es' 2 wa in digar, and the other (old man). 2 ſo cº- khishtan dár, tem- perate, abstemious, self-con- trolled; (cº- own, self, and _j's from e^* !e to keep; one who preserves himself), p. 23 bar, as, according to. * Ste ’ādat, habit, custom ; pl. “ le". adj. c. 3's ; e Sys & ele or eyes (.5 o's to accustom. • *_*-e Sabr kard, (he) had pa- tience, waited; 3,3 … exis coole_3 (the old man) had patience as he was accustomed; he waited according to his habit. *** **** salāmat bemánd, was saved, remained safe. The manuscript reads cºs 3& cº; ; ~x 4. eys Jºe • 23- • Sºº-yº • 23 J'e &J (*! “And the other was in the habit of controlling himself, according to his usual custom endured (hunger patient- ly) and was saved.” c) ex- tº kam khurdan, to eat less, to eat moderately, to eat as much as will support the life. ***** tabi’at, natural habit; (pl. &':k), a. ** ****b accustomed to. gºs" sakhti, adversity, hard- ship. ejecſ Cº, to happen, to occur; Cº. in Cºº goes with Jº and is g';*** cº, and it ought to be ejº Cºlt’s wº • 23 Je. sahl g’rad, it will be easy for him to bear (it). P. O. --e S 3.5- 65 (c) U --5 2+ ºf Jº Jºãº 23 (2) & “ºb gº • * Cºlt" “Whosoever is accustomed to eat a little, i.e., as much as can support his life, will put up with adversity easily when it occurs.” 232–3 |2, and if. 22-3 c5 tan parwar, pamperer of the body; (c)3 body and y_º from e > 3 > 3 to nourish). cºs L3 farákhſ, prosperity. Jº tungi, straitness, distress. P.O.—e; e-L33e3" (3) × 12 (eſ) gºt 3 º sº.” “23” * S_2^*} “ and if he is the pamperer of his body at the time of prosperity, he will die of hardship, when he will expe- rience it.” •' - ejº (; reºs tº 2333 ... cºlº tº 33 y Q_x ºao Notice the sº *** (G-2° and cº). It is a figure in which a poet uses two comtrary terms. Moral,—It is advisable for a man to eat a little and accustom himself to hardship, so that at the time of adversity he may easily put up with it. NOTES ON CHIAPTER III—STORY VIII. • * * **ś- hakim, a doctor, a wise man ; (pl. “S-), a. Cºle tº ~Jts 25 & e-'2 rte (“ 2-3 pisar, a son; (some editions read Jºy-3, Cº means his own), p. J>k< <-J -- _ys &o e- l_2 rts es' • ***, ºst' mahí hamíkard, W 3),S prohibiting, was warning, was Vide story I. In ex's Ux3 i.e., unconjugable verbs all the signs of tenses cº-o-ey!39 - >, ><-- ** – 3 × * and *** should be added to the principal verbs as o_Sºo Csk’ – stº • 35 e 123 – ex5 °, 13- est' — est; º 3 & 2.5–es (3 8.3 yś cetº-3 ex5 sº “ —e.” 8 exº cºtº— and the pro- nominal terminations ſº e; e. ſ"; i.e., rº-º-º-º-cs should be added to the auxiliary verbs only, e.g., cºst” o_5 fºL53–6,5 fºr 3- gº–89 yś 45° — e. ex: 8 oxº Gº c) 3 yº-yº” bisyár khurdan, to eat much, i.e., to eat more than enough or to eat to excess. The manuscript reads this sen- tence as est' 3%" e 933-3 ||32-3 * *** 22+, D Last & 23 S.5 25 ke, saying. zlº 36 gy” siri, satiety, repletion, p. axy: S → * crº- &= -2 cl I Š ** ! * cº's B 22*, ranjūr, ill, sick; origin- ally it was 22 gº raljular, gº trouble, and j, a suffix showing possession. For the sake of abridgment 2 is made c.3 (~ and r; as 3 (cs”, &s' 5.) !eº ) ~. << Story VIII. * >= ranjór kunaſſ, makes ill, causes to be sick. The original manuscript reads oils,' 22*, qs' ai, O. 129 -5,- and yeº is ('s c) Gºo (sº gursnagſ or gurisnagſ, (Ar, 3.3-), hunger; adj. ~,” a hungry man. (G&S tishnagi, thirst ; Ar. Cºhe ; adj. 233 a thirsty person. c;'< khalk, people; (pl. Gº!'s; (Cle ls res I) G!!-, pi. 19. Gyls”), (b. G'+ khulk, disposition; (pl. &’s l; adj. Gºl-), a. #eº nashanídaí, have you (ſather) not heard. Aorist o 233 from wº ~k (** > * , (The son quotes the phrase of the sages in answer to the words of his father). “It is better to dio satiated than to bear the pangs of starvation.” 35' el andáze, quantity, pro- portion. 31°38393 |, take care of the proportion, i.e., eat as much as will support your life, eat moderately. Arabic–Eat ye and drink, but commit not excess. Lºy. J . . . . e. (8.2% & 3 º' “Not given in the manuscript. (e'45) e leº’ nachandán, not so much (more). NOTES ON CHAPTER III-STORY VIII. 29 55 ke2=3 || 25 <-3', C dahámat,-23 cy', o, thy mouth. 23 e', • 3 !. 2*] Gºo 33-34° ey', e-j's 5") (2 x_y=" ~! G […~ (3 Gºo ** 2° 33 ey', s 3", may come out of your mouth, i.e., overburden your stomach, may be indiges- tible to you. . [little. (**) elekº’ mechandán, not so 3 az, on account of. -ā-23 zu'af, infirmity, weakness; adj. -*.*.*, comparative and su- perlative degree -ºxººl. ~3 (→ jømat, = 23 J'-, thy soul. e ºf 2 eye, to die. P. O.- 23 J2+3 (e'33) w! &# 23 (33° S) whº 23, 2:13:33 w!, S 3' *" x 23 J's -84.33 25 “Don’t eat so much that it (food) may come out of your mouth, nor so little that you may die of weakness. “Do not eat more than what you can digest, nor so little as to cause your death ; neither eat too much nor too little, but be moderate.” After 52* e ſº the manuscript gives the following couplet, viz.:- cs)' > * 3'- Csº S_j^ L3 cº g” ex” mardumí= g”, r < yº, thou art a man. (J-3 Coºl es'.) cs: ' ,< 3'-3 bisyár khári, gluttony; (3'- much and c < y ≤ from eye-º- to eat). gyeº 45% 25 ke, because. Jºlº or Cy / O -> → & sº & 2. ;32-3); V ×', \}} C -> * _º -> O / exº~ x~3 9), 33,312.3%, à e., “eat ye and drink, but commit not excess.” On hearing this the physician inquired whether anything was said by His prophet Mohammed. He quoted the following verse :- 3 -> ' (ºſſ & -2C / → / C / C / s',• J. J. L. cº-', -12) - 8 ex-Jº “stomach is the source (house) of all diseases ; is the best of all ('a l'e IS _2 / Sº / / / / / → O / / medicines 23-34 tº e º 0.5 **! 2 “And give every thing to your belly to which it is accustomed.” On hearing this, the Christian phy- sician said, if such was the case, then really the Korán and the prophet have left nothing for Galew, the physician, to write on medicine. Moral.—The rich should eat mode- rately and the poor even less than that. º < * This story is not given in the ma- muscript. •º guftand, they, i.e., people said. Sº Glhº sº." Jº “ º -4 tº middle), name of a city situated between elež or 23.2% and 8-yº on the river ( cº-e ) Tigris, built in 83 Hijra, by ~~2: &ls=. chººl, e is not given in the manu- script and other correct editions ; also the Bombay edition and some others read eſ chººl 22 (instead of zh- 2 : 9 consequently, “on that account º' i.e., in order to demand that money he used to call on them, or consequently he demanded money every day from them and used harsh language. Some are of opinion that it is chººl, jo • in, and ch” (2 middle, i.e., the gro- cer used to call on them in the middle of every day to demand the money. It is customary with the merchants and the traders to go to their customers to demand the money in the leisure hour as they (green grocers) are very busy in the morning. ºf It seems to be more reasonable than the above one. gº º' (a muţálebe Kardź, he used to demand, (from ~! b ) ~3 tº ©e. '3 C52 L.A. «sº (~ (vide story I.) (Jºe” () --Jük, pt. 19. * >!ho. is'és” sukhunháe or sukhan- hée or sakhuuháe, words, lan- guage. (Some editions read this word c) (3s” ) e3 3 CS tº . It is generally written when the noun or a root ends in and 2, as es 22 face, g33< side, es: lei. God. *** say, gº show, &c. The Plural of all inanimate uoun is formed by adding (, to the singular noun (e) (*** and cºsys are exceptions). ~35%.< khushiºnat, severity, indignation. ~35%. Jºãº 25 “Than to put off the green grocer with the promise of paying money, i.e., to purchase on credit (on promise).” ſy % L J'8: 25 seas Lº (~7, lit. it is easier to satisfy the appetite with a promise of food than to promise the green grocer for payment, i.e., it is better to starve than to purchase eatables (from a mean person) on credit. —5.3 tark, abandoming, forsak- ing ; pt. 2. –52.5%; (Je ls (“ |) ~$3 lº 0. el--! ihsân, obligation, favour e -2 e * (c)->); adj. J-s” muhsin –Šº ey'--> to renounce a claim to obligation, to relinquish the favour. 2-12- Kháje, a great man (pl. e S-2-), p. [better. 23 J.J., aulátar, preferable, Jººs & Kehtemál, -u (“el 25, 25 than, U**=!, endurance. (Jºe) c3 6. Jºë83. When the word 2% precedes any word beginning with -ā) the two middle letters; and -*', are altogether omitted in pronunciation in poetry and also they are sometimes omitted in writing. e.g., cº-ey!' .5–e's = w? … . that -4'' is written but never 8, as J(-3-3, e's kān and cº; ; p & G = 2 ej |2–3 Lo &=g tº 1 & gº= jafā, rudeness, ill-treatment; (adj 26 ** or Cººs an oppressor (g” es's), adj. Gºstkº an oppres- sed. When a 3 tº a governing noun or -33°7′ a noun qualified ends in -āJſ, 3 or Cs , the letter Ç5 is written to ex- press the possessive case. Sometimes they do write #3 ºr over C& , but it is It should be borne in mind not necessary. When the -3% o or 3-5° 5' ends cº , (only the original (5 with ****, the sign of doubling the letter, and 83° are written over it). eyº (2: bavujábén, porters, door- keepers, (sing. ‘’ Lº), a. e's 23 cºlás Jºe's Lit. “To relinquish the favour of the great man is preferable to put up with the rudeness of his door-keepers, i. e., it is better not to call on the great man to win his favour than to undergo humiliation at the hands of his door- keepers.” L* > 333, 3 -ºº yo * sº e 2 cºole eſ ex-3 Jºjº,3 cº' (3-3 to manumá, desire. ~398 gúsht, flesh, meat, Arabic ſejº). cy 3 yº muydam, to die ( aorist ** beh, better. jectives as cº - Cº- Cº-fº and 9 (33 which are in the positive degree, but are used just as in the comparative degree. * ke, than. (Jº J & ) r= lalºm. There are some ad- 5 34 NOTES ON CHAPTER III-STORY XI. ce!.3 (33 takázáe, demand, impor- | [ing. <&5 zisht, offensive, disgust- tunity. sº cs". ejº (23 kassábán, butchers (from “…a5 kash, cut), sing. - (<3), a. • escº -3.3 sº tº Lit. “It is better to die in desire of meat than to suffer the offensive de- mands of the butchers, i.e., it is better to die of want (of anything) than to ask for it of a mean fellow.” ºjº c5 2.5-3"> jawánmardi, a brave man. (c. 9-2 c5!?) —&=jang, war, battle, (from ey oºº- to fight) — » (313 —&= 39 “slºw — 23/ stºo (3 (3 – “3 (.320 2:3 (3 tdtár, Tartary. It is a town in cytº-3,3 and celebrated for musk. ( –&o). sº-'l'-jiráñati, a wound. pt.p. zººs"; (Jº (***) & Le a surgeon.) c3+, a. (Only Bombay edition reads ººj ("tº es's L-; but the other reads ººj - (A) >, Cº-L-. The manuscript reads ex-sycskel,-) e'33° 04&argán, merchant. (It is the short form of JG 59– pl; tº market and ey's fit, worthy of, (&%) According to es” 2 tº it is the plural of 83 j (, he who sits in the market. (c.º-3 c5!, ). 22 le Cºx' násh dārū, unguent, ointment, any antidote to poison Jºzº agreeable, effective, or life, Moral.—From this story we can draw this inference that if we have not means sufficient to meet our needs, it is better to suffer from want than to ask a mean fellow for assistance. (vide Story iii). ‘. “º “… yº de & ... cº cº-º cº- p' 2: 9 st- •". ce ºf (*) |-5 #2 */ tº 3 ~5 Also -3 to says.— •". 399 $3,5 ej'.5 C*** J Lºve Gºaºs Ó ... Cº-ºº! 3'cº 2 zº-, Jº ---O-- Jºkº Story XI. and 9 ſe medicine; hence an effective medicine or medicine which sustains life. (~3 Lé Jºãº). [for it. (ºr Lº_31, if you were to ask * *** báshad ke, very likely. cs: º kadri, a little (c.395 shows quantity and & eº shows number). The manuscript and other editions read 9, 23 c.2995 and ey'º & J S dirigh. Jºº bukhi, parsimony; adj. Jasº, (< khushkhite, a man of good disposition. (A noble and kind man, who does not utter a single word when he has obliged a person.) gº shírânț, sweetmeat. cº-º,3 turashriſe, sour faced man, a man of austere coun- tenance. (A mean fellow, who says, when he has obliged some one, that he has done good to him, and so on). P.O.-J.hts &#">< *sjL*. ut-ºvo () 3 ( 25 “c” Lºt: ) J.J.” cºyº & 9 º' Notice the figure o!…} <—- º j's, J. & Story XII. '•le’ ulamá, learned men, (sing. f's) from ele, eſts &lam world pl. e!';* a. gº 89.3 y >< khorinde, eater, (from c) epys to eat). Member of the family. Gºś kefif, maintenance which can be sufficient to support. “s ej Güí, slender means, small competency. e's 354 buzurgán, great men; (sing. -95; ; it also means an old pious man). + ºxo mu’atalºd, a faithful friend an admirer ; one who entertains bigh opinion. The manuscript and all other editions except the Bombay one read this sentence as follows:– &!; Jº Jºe cº e º 3' sº tº * º ~& 1 & 3 CŞe J & - ck cy” husn-i-zann, good opinion. Really speaking, it ought to be pro- r) / nounced wk co-º hasn-i-zann for co-e - o -> * is an adjective and cy” is a noun. (Here the rule of grammar is violated, i.e., though the adjective precedes the { NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY XII. 37 moun, still it takes-yº zir under it); pl. ex*, 0. ë!: balígh, great, (& ), a. c5-2 ° dar halk, on behalf, about. & 53 expectation, hope; (83, ), cººle , to expect something, a. **** * > * 45.92 - he, (the great man) contracted his face into wrinkles, i. e., he was displeased, he disapproved of. Jºy” asking (JºJº), a. J| > Jºjº , asking for some- thing, pl. z/2-st pr. p. J.3° pt. p. J.2%-s - Slu, ahl-i-adab, learned men; (J., I endowed with, possessed of. and ºs' morality, civility.) [a. *3 kabih, shameful, vile. (gº) tawakk’w tº ſº y ta'arrºwz, demanding, coſ “It appeared disgraceful in his eyes that the man of letters should beg. ~, * (* =, adj. glºs” << 28* , a. st o' j' irádat, respect; regard. * * * = Friendship. It is not given in the manuscript. ext” ma'lúd, appointed, fixed. - Lº barkarár, as usual. * * 'J' e := 32 ºr 3' U-2 eſts ~33 exel j L3, ext” “After some days when the learned man perceived him (the great man) not to be on his usual terms (with him) i.e., he had no regard for him (learned man) he said.” • 23 rºº = e23' cº e º (the great man) has increased my bread ; i. e., has increased my stipend. (~3 tº Lº-3 fºº) “{* > /* 1 4brāyamkást •ºf “ (: Jºs, (the great man) has les- sened my respect. aorist ºr 6 . 38 NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY XIII. When the cº" -30.4% is J.aº-3 (Cº., “” or " ) and the -3° ends in |-> or cº: Cs is added for the “ !e ~3°) as ºf-re (3 my foot, ſº nikiyam, my virtue. ce?',” binawà-í, poverty. (cº without, and cº ºi riches, provi- sion). “' 23- Khást= cºw (23 to ask, cs: “Je.ac, cº-sly--Jéo mazzal- lat-i-khâstan, disgrace of begging (233 should be placed under ~J&x) ~~ |2- ~J &o 5 22 ** Lº = “,3tº wº | 33- ~J & 2 | cs? | > * “Poverty is better than the disgrace of begging.” The Arabic couplet is given in the manuscript. Moral.—A man should content him- self with his circumstances, however poor they may be, but never ask any person for help, for thereby he degrades himself. not p * * © ſº ly, “Jerº-slººp-el-e 3! & 9 ºf ex- dº 3' or ejº,3 **1 < * G -38 4, 24” ~~<> <>-e- ºr sº story XIII. Cº 22 S (vide Story III.) cº, 2 ×3 zaráraft, a pressing ne- cessity , an urgent need. eoſ & pish ámad, occurred. eyº fulán, such and such, so and so, such a one. J. (* bikiyás, inconceivable, enormous, (s; without, C-4 im- agination). Jo (; kámil, perfect. cº-3; ſº Karam mafasi, gene- rous (heart). Jolº shamil, mixed with. This phrase is not given in the ma- muscript and many other editions. • 3,3'-53ſ, wäkif gerdad, may be acquainted with. (3 “, hamáná, verily, certainly; (it is compounded of fºr and (*~just as cººr and it means you would say or think. (e) tº $). But there is some diffe- rence between "- and *, the former means verily, certainly, and the latter means “you would say or think.” &k (3 O '...” O leadá, payment, performance. (** relieving. I & I is given in the) manuscript instead of .35. -** tawakkuf, delay. Că5,3 •y'º', he will not admit delay. ſºlº madánam=fileº, Ido not know. *** manat = Lºs cº, I to thee (the person says to darwish). C&G J34% cs ºr j rahbará, guidance, lead- ing, ſº s.r.º. I shall conduct you (82 road, path, and sº from cy 3 y? to carry). J5° manzil, house, lodging; (pl. U 33° from J59), a. The manuscript reads— | gº cº-º' 2- 3 J33-4, * : * ~ *-* c < * > *ge ** 3% º exe sº r, s , , , and conducted him to his house, &c. [a hanging lip. ciº,2,3 +! lab firáhishte, had NOTES ON CHAPTER III-STORY XIII. 93 2,41 abrū, eye-brow, •l=~! lustre, beauty, and 33 face; the beauty of the face, hence eye- brow. seaſºs ºr 3 s 2,4' abrú darham keshide, contracted eye-brow. cº;9 báz gasht, (the darwish) returned, went back. aorist 3% sex; . As | > Glho g” Jas cººl -3% 23-3.5 ex; tund meshiste, sat with a scowling aspect; (233 stern, and cº-º sat). c.63 exis” sakhun maguft, (the darwish) did not speak a (single) word, said nothing. the 'atá, or cºhe ‘aţţye, gift, donation; (pl. tºº), a. (#), belilºé, to appearance, coun- tenance; pl. 3%) (s/2” «s"), a. g bothin Cs(he, and s” are es's Jºël reº bakhshídam, ( I be- stowed). I gave up, I dispensed with aorist &&. g” Ja; coºl Flsº ecº- | > Glhº. 3. * reº 3 gºal. L., sº [* lit. I (the darwish) bestowed his (the ugly rich man’s) gift on his countenance, i.e., I dispensed with his gift, as he was of Scowling and sour look. (The following 2xb3 is said in support of the same phrase.) <--!> 2.0 malar hájat, do not carry (your) want. (It is the sub- stance of the “39-, tradition, #2-3) wº-> exe $1,- lººk |). –º benazdík, near, to ; c.s" A3 3. Csºkhäe (1) disposition, nature. (2) & 2.É.- khawe, Sweat. * c 32- bad nature, ill-temper, sº exº cº": L*** cº-5' =2' *3 Jºsé 3!, “owing to his bad nature.” 3' az, owing to, on account of. #92-23 farside, discouraged, broken-hearted; (from ejo º jº, to be torn; aorist & tº yº). P. O.-->{= Cs2 ºxi –$2 ejº 2 * so- (-e)=3 (~ 23).” cs ex* : * ~ * “Do not expose your wants to the man of sour countenance, because you will be discouraged on account of his ill-temper.” f* gham, affliction, sorrow, distress, grief; (pl. ſ 2.3; adj. rººks afflicted). Cº., 3' az-rūyash – 31 & 2, 31, by his appearance. (+3.393-3923) ** benakd, at once, the very moment. * 832-1 4síde, pleased, at ease. (from c. 93-1, to repose, to be tranquil, aorist es Lºſ ). The manuscript reads the first line as follows:— *** - 9 Je tº sº. 231 instead of 23 & Cº cº-º “s (~ 3 is sº 83 ºf C*323 Prº. A cheerful countenance is the index of a good heart.— “If (you want at all) to expose the afflictions of your heart, disclose them tº person by, whose appearance you will be pleased the very moment.” The last line can be translated in two different. ways. Take the word 98.3 makd in its original sense of “ready money,” and the preposition cº - as, with, or just like cº; es" . Then the translation would be (1). By whose 40 NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY XIV. countenance you will be as much pleased as with ready money.” (2) or “By whose appearance you can expect prompt payment.” Jala; cs" º The first translation is more pre- ferable here to the remaining two. Moral.--From this we can draw this inference, that, when any misfortune overtakes us we should open our heart to a good-natured person and never to an ill-matured and low-born one. <--- ...“ cº-gº 25 A* ºre gº Céº 25 The following story treats the same subject. 1 -->-t}}63--" — fºyº Jºkº Story XIV. s!!” –Kºš khushksáli, a year of drought and dearth. (~&#, dried, and J(“ year; hence scarcity of rain; famine. Syn, he'). rºy e.S., iskandriya, Alexandria in Egypt. It is situated in the north of Egypt, and founded by Alexander, son of Dává. Wide Story 23. e -ſ ºpadid 4mad, appeared, occurred. rºoj Zimám, rein, bridle. Jºe (pl. 2×3 azimme). ~34 tºkat, strength, power of endurance, a. Gli Khalk, people; (pl. G.4-)a. The manuscript reads, “…? (k - (<3 s, zºº so." S 3 Glé- “The reins of the strength of people had gone out of their hands,” i.e., the people were unable to bear it with patience. And not e tº 25 cº- S_2? 23 ~~~ & 3 c ºxy 9 <3 (Jo e.3 paivaste, (1) always, constantly; (2) joined, united. ,3-2-3 el-12, cº-3 J, 9%, 3. and the lamentation of all crea- tures rose up to heaven (and did not go beyond the sky; be- cause its doors were closed); (2) and the lamentations of all creatures were always directed towards the sky. ejl.j namánd, there was not a (single creature), there remained no one; (from eyeſ!” to remain). 2,3'-jánwar, animal, (e)'s soul, and y : possessor). 3 ag, out of (from). C*- : wahsh, beast, (as 2.1 deer; e33% reindeer $323 fox, y- 23% zebra, &c.) pl. Cºxe, a. jºb fair, bird or birds 33% pl. 3.23% Q. ce, to mahí, fish, here it means all the water animals; adj. jº, “. 22° már, ant. Means all insects. -ºš falak, sky; (pl. - *|), a. NOTES ON CHAPTER III. — STORY XIV. 41 º e 3 C3 o' ye!" bimurádi, disappoint- ment (es without and sº murad hope); (pl. c. le Lºs ), a. afghān, lamentation, groaning, p. P. O.-cs, “ , 24b 2 cº-2 3' | C* (* 23 º'. Cºx's 32° 3 Jºl “Lit. There was neither beast, bird, fish, nor ant whose groaning and lamentation went not up to heaven of its disappointment, i.e., all animals, viz., heasts, birds, fishes and ants lamented and cried out for succour from Heaven through their disappointment. (Two negatives make one affirmative).” *** 'ajab, wonder; 25 -5°, it is great wonder, it is wonderful. US ex • diſd-i-dil, sigh, (e > * smoke, and U S heart ). • 23.3 so st-jam'a minashawad = 9.5% Lºs &e= is not collected. It is equal to ** -s. &= , was not collecting. 23 abr, cloud, - *** sailáb, inundation, flood; (cº- torrent, and ºf water), p. 8 & 3 dide, eye, (pl. cy's & S from eyes) sess - ***, tears of the eyes, c 13% bárán, rain, (cº's e” 'I'he &= y^ antecedent of L. is º' ). from e º yº to rain. P. O.--&- G& J S S 2 & 25 -s” (s333') of ejº (e.” () “It is a great wonder that the sighs of all creatures did not collect together to form clouds and their tears to form rain (of those clouds).” From Jº evºke 2 to 2xh; should be omitted. Begin from cº- (sa=" chunºn shakhst, such a person (the catáuite), cº, b tarfi, a little. ~xi lut’af, description. The manuscript and the other edition do not give << 5' 3, k” “cs º , , and they read eſ' ye instead of evºje . J(- e, lys drán sal, in that year, i.e., in cºſt." —º-. cy!,833 belcarán, immense, bound- less (cs? and e, L5 karán is equal to 3's end). ejºseºs tangdastán, poor per- without, sons, (~& tight, empty, and “e hand), a. tº sim, silver; adj. ex:4's ($33, nulºre; adj. 33%). 33 zar, gold; adj. ex:33 (Arabic 4k filá; adj. Leº Alb). cºl_3'-x musáfºrán, travellers, (28. journey). 2'-33'-- an iun. & 96 & x8° L',3'-º', he used to envertain the travellers. ~33 es', es: L-º-' cºlº U-3 cººl ex, gurthi, a band, body. ( &= **', collective noun ). 22- ja ur, severity, pressure. 233 f(ke, starvation. & S. & eoſ e (=?, they were in imminent peril, they were sick of life, they were reduced to the last extremity. All editions and the manuscript read. 89 ºf ey's & S 23 and not * > 33 8 º’s cols? —º.1 âhang, intention, prepa- ration. | da’awat, invitation ; (Uets **! ) Ge's dé’?. J3-à- fººl 3° ex mad'ſt, one who is invited, a. 323+* r * * * ** G& eſ opyist" re' ~~!_**_º eſ * > 2.5-tº mim khurde, leavings, (*# half, and sex- eaten). cºs" sakhti, hunger, (hardship, distress). 2 tº ghār, den, lair. P.O.—(c.) sº yº jell A*23 323+ cº- 3 ex- ſº (*!) Q_yº-e? c)3 tan, body. L93 (+” bichárgi, helplessness, necessity; sº without, and sº [* is fion, 82's remedy. cº-,” gursanagi, hunger. Ar. £ *-Jº's tishnagi, thirst. Ar. Jºhe. To quench the thirst sº es_3 sº cy stº, e, , to submit to, to yield to, to put up with. eye (tº Gº: “e, lit. to hold up hands before (some person), i.e., to beg. •lä- sifle, a mean, lowborn person; (pl. J3'-1), a. e), * >3 Faridiºn, seventh king of Persia of the first or Peshdá- dian dynasty. The commencement of his reign is placed about 750 years before the Christian era. His father (or grand- father) e^*** having been driven from his throne by -5 ls”; the people, after groaning under the oppression of this tyrant for several years flew at length to arms, under the conduct of a blacksmith of Jºe' named ºk Köwe, who, marching at the head of the insurgents, with his Jºjo apron displayed as a banner from the point of a spear, gave battle to J (=* , defeated and put him to death. After this important victory, 8 2's discovering the retreat of the young cy; *2 y” placed him on the throne, in return for which that prince gave him, cytº-el as a feudal principality with the surrounding dis- tricts (known afterwards by the name of Parthia, now fº c5!y”, Persian Irák). He is the boast of the Persians, as a model of every virtue; but his reign is so much disguised by fable that, without placing confidence in the facts, we must only consider them as objects of popular belief. Some writers say that he reigned more than five hundred years. 23, Jº bihunar, devoid of merit, worthless. NOTES ON CHAPTER III.—SToRY xv. 43 3'-ac mashumár, do not consi- der (from ejejº) P. O.--&lo “*, *, *, * 23. 2'-º', ºr 23 U2'(º') sys exº “If a man, devoid of merit, should equal Faridun in wealth and pomp, yet account him nobody.” e's 29 2& 3 J.5% yie •y's ºr 35 ~~~ 1.2 3 <<3 tº cºls 2.3% ºk gº gº sº exeº 3 °º-yº-3' 33-22 ey tº purniyán, a kind of fine painted Chinese silk. gº- masſ, brocade. From g- weaving. J, (; né ahl, unworthy, worth- less; (6 not and J, worthy). • 22-9 lájward, lapis lazulis. cs ox=9 lájwardi, azure, ceru- lean. (Some texts read & ex-y !k). Jºk falá - go'34% y gilding. P.O.-2:-32 eº; J, 19 (J94)- 2b: 3 x 3.5-9 × 44, 25 (~~' ejºs) “Finely painted Chinese silk and bro- cade on the unworthy are (just like) lapis lazuli and gold or (in other words) azure and gilding on a wall.” Moral. —However poor and miserable a man may be, he should never ask a low-born and mean person to relieve his want, but bear it patiently. ~errº-ºº-ºº- º Ä". • & Story XV. sºlº ſº 's Hátim Tái, name of an illustrious Arab of the tribe of ** T'ai, celebrated for his liberality. He was the son of Abdulla, son of Sa-’ad Tăt. <--, -82.34 buzurg himmat, magnanimous, charitable. Ar. rya.' 3/5' (-95; great “er courage.) Contrary “r “-º pusillanimous. for $3,5 cºils, kurbání karde būdam, I had sacrificed. * •º gáshe, (a corner); a retired part (of the desert). l,+" sahrá, desert,(pl. c.s.'s") a. cº-las' behájati, on urgent business, through necessity. Çs" Jelaj . The manuscript reads as follows:-- & e L*** f \,: 8 \,; Lºlº's Jºe 3's & eº; L= * * * * * csº j's khár kashi, a carrier of thorn fagot, wood-gatherer, (30+ khár, thorn and Jºs from e) ºs to draw). * pushte, bundle of sticks, (from ~º pusht back, hence the load which can be carried on the back). sy," ** fºr L3 farāham m? 4ward, was collecting together. *** guftam, I (Hátim) said. The manuscript reads ºf " . and ciás tº * cº-tº mehmāni, feast, enter- tainment, (from ** great, grand and ejº house or like). cº, narafti, you (Gº's) did not go. k'.” Simót, table cloth, a. ejl sex'ſ sº 2' k (- , ,34-, people have assembled at his table, 44 NOTES ON CHAPTER III.-STORY XVI. O** 'amal, exertion, labour, (pl. Jºe l; (Jels fºl) Jole; pl. pt. Jº” “) a. Cººs J. & 3", by his own exertion. ~3° minmat, obligation, (pl. ejº 5 adj. exº~~ obliged) Kº) Q_2? << to be obliged, to be under the obligation of some one. 25 r s le Gºa I, I gave him justice, i. e., I did the wood-ga- therer justice; he was superior to me in magnanimity, as far as magnanimity is concerned I gave him preference to me; it is not given in the manuscript, nor in any other texts. {rosity. cs Sye''>= jawánmardī, gene- • 23, 3 | y, xº bar tar ag khud, su- perior to myself (Hatim.) (~3°) ~~}}cº 5:33 ** $13 5321 º Je Jo ~~#3 Cºye C-5 gº J3% set=jo Some texts read the following stanza; though not given in the manuscript and other editions :— • . 2S3 |} /*} cº C* > * 2391 * ~º sºo 2.3% c ºx$3.3 ... • g-º' Jºš j'; S –5 (3- & 9 º' £ * Moral.—A man ought not to addict, himself to depending upon others; and the sages call him alone a magnanimous person though he may be a poor mam. —cCC- º tº. sº Story XVI. d;"5* Músá, lawgiver. Moses, the Jewish (It is compounded of -5° a wooden box and “ water.) (In Syriac language). Pharaoh found him in a wooden box thrown into the Nile. ( sº b) 1922 2J (*) -***) Mārishi gº." the commentator of sºlº 3." c5-ºxº wribes that “it is compounded of ºxº Máshá, 2.0 water and tº a tree” in the sº kubt; Egyptian lam- guage. The king Pharaoh found him in the Nile near a tree; hence the name.) **...] | &le vide story IV. gº barahnagi or barhanagi, nakedness, nudity, p. —ºrig, sand. § 3.3, Qj -** , , he covered himself under sand; i.e., (he buried himself in sand up to the waist.) & 3 c5!? . c)3 (so du'á kum, pray to God (for me). pl. zºº of adj. Jº lo U-23° 33' es khudá-i-’azza wa | /alla, may God be honoured and glorified. The manuscript reads as fol- lows:– tº Sys tº e -89.3 yes | < y, 3' ex, eºs: º §3. S ! 32 J.' taše le:- ** *** > 3 tº cºes 322 ess ~~! ~Jºe as Lyº <-83 secſ sº Lºve dastgāhi, means, wealth jº,3 giriffér, prisoner, captive; (from cº,” to catch, sº Jºao)p. § 223 ambith, crowd, mob. (When e, precedes - in middle of a word it should be pronounced just like r), p. - eyesſ 28 gird àmadan, to gather round. **** * * > 8,23 a crowd of people gathered round him. <-- I - J - zº Lºl, what has happened to him, what is the matter with him. yº- khamr, wine. NOTES ON CHAPTER Ill.—STORY XVI. 45 << 2.4s khúsūmat, litigation; enmity. 83.3 ye 'urbade, disturbance J2 (23 kisás retaliation, retri- bution, e3! 89.2°, Jelaš, the ma- nuscript reads ex-Sex Jº (2a3 the authorities decreed his death in retaliation. 2,3 gurbe, a cat. c.32° 34' cº-o miskin, -8.2 poor (pl. cº (-o) cº's Je (s ~8.2 ſ: CŞ_2^320 es’ tukhin, seed, offspring. “…s" gunjishk, sparrow, (** treasure, full of, and -** suspi. cion. $3 º A --> e l c. ** 13.83 waſ/wzáshti, he (the ass) would have not allowed. Jºãº exis S., the (ass) would not have allowed (any person) near himself. [adj. 2' >< *. &% shákh, horn, (2-3 branch); cºláš s >> Cº L C2-Sºr cººls “Lit. If the ass had these two horns of the ox; i.e., if the ass had horns as the ox has, it would not have allowed any person to approach it.” The last line is not given in some editions. Those editions which contain this line read as follows:– Jº 1923-2° 36 & 2 s et gº 13.3 ex- C*: L J-Kºr These lines are not given in the manuscript. 3-te ’a (jiz, (1) powerless, hard pressed; (2) mean fellow. 25–25 yr , whosoever. [able. cºjos kudrat, power; adj. sº cºst: ~~ 3 dast yáftan, to over- come, to fulfil desire. cºs (; c. 39.3 ° S, lit, to obtain the hand of power; i.e., to be promoted to a high rank. eye-_yº bar khízad, gets up, be- comes insolent (from c,” (4-pº). 25 933 baſshudke, (1) it hap- pens; (2) would that it were. ey Ly-te ’aéjezán, the weak. ejº (3,3 ->9, to wrench off hands. P. O. —(1) → (e (2+) 23 º' ~ 3 2 9 5**_º-e?'" * 23 --> e. [3 × ey'3={* “It (often) happens that when a mean person gets power, he— wrenches the hands of the weak, i.e., it (often) happens that when a mean person’s desire is fulfilled, and he is promoted to a high rank he oppresses the poor.” (2) P. O. <--> 3-te 25 *** (23) * Gy: ey'3-(e “If a mean person should chance to rise to a high position he would become insolent and oppress the poor.” (3) P.O.—(3) evº)]**3-le 25 y? <-- S 3 syº-yº [93% c. 23 <^* 5 ** {3_º e C-te “Lit. Whosoever is a mean person when he is promoted to a high rank, he becomes insolent and wrenches off the hands of the weak, i.e., oppresses the poor.” (4) P. 0.—& (2 eyes staº () ** -'t * G - ey'3=[* ~ * > 33-3-2, (2) & tº 3-le (319-) “Whosoever is promoted to a high . rank, becomes insolent and oppresses the poor. Oh God! may he be help- less, i.e., may he be ruined.” The following sentence is not given in the text, but in the manuscript and some other books. 46 NOTES ON CHAPTER III. -STORY XVI. eºſ ey're “Kas rº-Jºle deºxº 33.3 pºiki- | Cº-º-'s 3| “K- hikmat, skill; (2) secret; wisdom. (pl. , 68- hikam). <> cº,31 ey're, secret of God (as He has kept some in a prosperous state, and some in a wretched condition). adj. e8= cºſ ele jehán &frin, the Creator of the world. 2-lis' tajásur, boldness (of praying to God for His assistance). ex-3 jºkºl istighfar namūd, he (Moses) asked forgiveness. ARA bic.—Should God bestow abun- dance upon His servants; they might act wantonly on the earth. POETRY. O vain man what hast thou done to precipitate thyself into destruction P it is good that the ant has no wings. 21% sile, a mean person. • A 8 (= jáh, respect, honour. 3==Lºw}} *** > 2-1 *(*2+ 2lå- *1 23 3 * > * > clº-", when the rank, riches, lit. (silver and gold) come to the mean person, i.e., when a mean person gets honour and wealth. g!” sílí, (slap), a blow. *2222*, bezarárat, perforce. P.O.-e, lys cºlº" ºxy.” Lº- “Lit. Perforce his head requires a blow, i.e., there must be some restraint on him so that he may not injure the poor.” The manuscript reads. º º & Jºy: **** 25 a. e'er 22° J$o masal, example, proverb: es; Jäe, to give an example, to quote a proverb, propound a parable; (pl. Jº'), a. gºs hakimí, the (learned) philosopher, (refers to exk's Plato). P. O.-893, sº Ji- e, ,-1 C*.x: 25 sc-ºw Jºe J.5° e'“ 25 ~~! o's (23 “Pray! Has not the philosopher quoted this proverb, (the answer would be ‘yes, he has’ cºlºrº-el), that that ant is better which has no wings, i.e., it is better that the ant should not have wings (otherwise it will fly and injure every one).” 22° ant is compared to “a mean person '' and 23 wings to “ rank.” Jis masal=ſt. masalan, as for example. (The manuscript reads Jºo and not “S-) U-e 'asal, honey, a. Persian [ment. 2/3 ºf garmídár, hot tempera- _y-3 tºo ! ~~~ | 3'-- J-5 L jº cºś ~~Lleº,3 “a father has abund- ance of honey, but the son is of hot temperament, i.e., though a father may have abundance of honey, yet he will not give it to his son to eat it, because the son is of hot temperament and the honey, which is heating in its nature, may prove injurious to him.” J-31 &nkas, (that person) God. ~,953 tawāngerat = "23 & 23 to thee rich. J2a4- ‘s" 23 le jº-j namígerdánad, does not make, (from e º 'exº') CS eaſ.) | C5 Qa&o Jas • *** maslahat, good affair. (pl. s' [..a"), a. P.U.—alº.j,k,323 & J-31 alsº 3 × <=** NOTES ON CHAPTER 47 III: —STORY XVII. “He Who does not make you rich, knows what is good for you, better than you do yourself.” Moral.—God puts a man in a condi- tion, which he is fit for. It is his (man’s) duty to submit to the will of God. %2 gº!,” a'arábí, a wanderer Arab. 25le halke, circle, assembly. * , a basre, a city in Babylonia; city of Basra in the Persian Gulf. wºrry-jauhariyán, jewellers. (sing. Cº-wry-) Sºo “e hikāyat míkerd, was telling a story. ~3 (33- 9 cº-º-le-et-sº Jas 50 3. 00 ! A 2°, -t-. s”, wºti, once, (pl. c. 3, 1). Jºº biyábán, a desert, (º without and ºf water). ( * >! $3.25 ** 8'2 ráh gum kerde- būdam, I had lost my way. sº ekº e-l, *** **** Ja; sº I 3' az, (1) concerning. (2) out of. o 5 zád, provision, a.-9 j 3 • 23 & 23's evº's cºyº “lit. nothing remained with me of the nature of provisions, i.e. whole stock of my provisions was exhausted. The word gºax is not given in the manuscript). < *, halák, perishing, death adj. -ºtº, a. r ex: 89 tº - *, *, Jo, I had given myself up for lost. slº (; négéh, suddenly. (tº un and 8 (3 time, hence suddenly.) 2-2.5 kise, a bag. e: 3' x_* marwārid, pearl. c5 2 & zawk, relish, taste. - ç » (« shádi, delight. story XVII. es.” Cº L3 farámùsh-kerdam to forget. tº Jº-L's sº, 323 e 139, <-- ey's wº reis 25 *** | * 25 “I shall never forget the relish and delight (I felt) at the sight of the bag which was supposed to be full of toasted corn.” tº le㺠pindåshtam, I thought. *****, Glhº cººl, Jaš º 'º aorist op'º reº gendum, wheat. e'. A reš gendum-i-biryán, parched wheat, fried corn. It was customary formerly for persons going on a long journey, to take a bag full of parched wheat with them by way of provisions. Js" talkhi, bitterness. (Cº.,3 twrsh, sour; cºyº sweet. csº naumidi, despair, hope). 13 Jºjº jº), sº ** J e1 (39)3% “Again I shall never forget the bitterness of despair, when I knew that it (the bag) contain- ed pearls.” (All editions except the manuscript, read, ge” ce ºº bitterness and despair. To read without 2 is better. . -ºš ejº tºº, biyābān-i-khushk, lit. dry desert, i.e., a desert without Water, a parched desert ; 48 NOTES ON CHAPTER III.-STORY xviii. (c)(3 tº desert, and Kºis dry.) w! » -ºj rig-i-rawán, shifting sand, quicksands, ( -ºj sand, e'33 passing, running, from cº, to go). It is generally blown by the blast and gust of wind. It exists in the South. It consists of grains of pure and genuine silver. The springs in 'these deserts have quicksilver at the bottom and water above. If any animal were to drink a draught out of it, he would surely die the very moment. 24&3 tishme, thirsty; (pl. c. 833.3 cº; thirst), p. e!, a delán, mouth. j e dur, pearl (pl. 2, 3). J X-e Sadaf, shell, mother-o'- pearl, (pl. Glee" asdáf), a. P. O.-e) by -**, 3 -ºš Jºe “s exe e+ 2 x 9 ce. 2&3 wº, e J Ö (*** 2° 3 S ºr cº" L 23:3 e_ºo ξ) “Lit. In the parched desert and amidst shifting sand, in the mouth of the thirsty, what are pearls and what shell, i.e., both are equallv useless to the thirsty person. (~ |2 (-o (***, when re comes twice in a sentence it means equally, and it is called c 2'-9 & ).” 2323 titshe, provisions, (from Lºyº strength, power), p. [elis 25. Sºs 25 kāftād or S (ß & kuftád- eye” 3'35" az pſe ºftádam, to be tired, to be fatigued. *** ,<5 kamarband, belt, girdle, (yeº waist, and oº from cº- to It was customary in Persia, Arabia and India, for people to carry their money in the girdle while on a journey. Though this custom is not so prevalent now in India, it exists still in Persia and Arabia. -3.3A lºhazaf, potsherd, bit of crockery. • * Jº (; 3 cº - ex- (ex-) O.9 t 2 ext) G3- reje z+ (2 () º yº-yº ( *Caº Ly? Ly: “Lit. When a man destitute of pro- visions is fatigued what are pearls and what potsherds in his belt, i.e., when a man is fatigued and cannot walk a single step furthel and his stock of pro- visions also is exhausted, though he may be in possession of pearls and potsherds, they will be of no use to him, because he can't use them as ſood, nor can he get any eatable by their exchange for them as he is unable to walk further.” For Moral, vide Story 19 º, J& Story XVIII. 3' az, owing to, on account of. ~43 ghāyet, eXtre InnellêSS, cºś -2's 3', in the extreme of thirst. ARABIC–Would that before my death, one day I might obtain my wish excessiveness, A river dashing against my knee, I may fill my bottle with water. [script. This story is not given in the manu- Jn accordance with other correct editions and commentaries this story is given in connection with the following story. Wide Story 19 |NOTES ON CHIAPTER III-STORY XIX, º; …< cººr ham chun'in, in the same manner, similarly. £ 6 kºa, a plain. hº-2 best, vast. S2, 89% ºf gum, had lost his way. ~3 tº 2- 3 & gº tº Jrs cººl ce 23 lºſt, food, provision; kit w- wal, strength. [were exhausted. 3,383-1, sº , came to an end, se-1,+\, Jºjº sº, his food and strength were exhausted, i.e., neither had he food to eat nor strength to walk further, here is play on the word “ex;" the first means food and the second means strength. The figure of speech is—cast; J-ºks’ “ The manuscript reads— rº es.” |-- A*- : (3 2 S cººr sesſ sº Cº.;23 × 4 ×3 × 3 × 8.9% <&l & Jººye *** sº, 3 e tºo miyán, waist; **'s cºyº he (; (.-. ) had in his waist, i. e., he had some dirhams (tied) in his belt. [long time. 2 (*~3 bisyár, great deal, for a ess,” gerdid, wandered, (evº93 or eº; to wander; aorist es”). oxº Jº's 83, lit, did not carry the road to any place, i.e., (1) he did not find the road, (2) but in vain, (3) he was at a loss and did not know what to do. Jºs": besakht, (with severity, hardship), hunger. (3.a) 'cs") The manuscript and other edi- tions read:— eyſ , 232*, 34th Syº isºs"? 83 (tº Cº., Cº: *** **, * *** -s (s_3 melishie, written Story XIX. on the ground, i.e., the contents of the following exh3 was written by the 33'-o and cs ex” rendered it into poetry. csgº-33 zarr-i-ja'afari, a kind of purest gold, genuine gold. . It is so called after the name of Jºe ja'afar, the alchemist. When Jºe of r^*_y? was appointed a minister to ***) O_9_) * , he issued an order two use the pure gold in coining and not the alloy as they used to do before his administration, and hence the name. r & kám, desire; ſº gám, step, foot. (2) The space between two feet at the time of walking. P.O.—( 2S: • 2-3% ) as 33 çº Qy’s erº (1) “Though the man without pro- visions may have pure gold (with him in journey), yet he will mot be able to walk, i. e., because gold cannot support his life, and thereby he will not be able to walk further and reach his destina- tion, but will die of hunger in a desert where no eatables can be had. (2) Though a man may have pure gold but not provisions, yet his desire would not be fulfilled.” (The former translation is more applicable here than the latter one.) _** fakir, beggar, poor, (from 38°) 23:3-5° silkhte, parched. cºs,” nº fakir-i-sākhte, a fa- tigued and hungry traveller. (2) A poor man parched with the heat of the sun. rºls shalgham, turnip. 2*, pukhte, cooked, boiled. aorist S3? 4. 8.8% mukre, silver, rts 3.2% were. i-khám, raw silver, i. e., silver in its ori. ginal state or silver ore. 7 50 NOTES ON CHAI'TER III—STORY XX. t When silver and gold are ding out of a mine, they are mixed with dust and rubbish, and therefore are melted and purified. Unmelted and umpurified silver, hence virgin-silver. P.O. — colº y S D 235-2° tº “For a fatigued and hungry travel- ler, in a desert, a boiled turnip is more useful than virgin-silvey. Moral.—The above three stories teach us to rely on God and not to depend upon gold and silver. Food is more essential to our life than money itself. — —(?--— * 9 23 tº 932 S daur-i-zamán.6, revo- Jution of the time; (32 e revolu- tion, and 23 tº 3 time ; pl. cº ). ſ’ exº 3 º' ($3 mamálide b{dam, i had not cried (from JºJº to to cry and weep). alsº ë-  45° to 23:22 re 2: 89%) tº 25°3 y > S 3 lit. “I (the author himself) had never cried at the revolution of the times,” i.e., “I never bewailed the hardness of the times. * **** cºs rºl J. S., 3 s, , , and never contracted (my) face from the revolution of days, i.e., I was never displeased with the vicissitudes of fortune. I never felt for my poverty. • 23 23, 24 & 3, my feet were bare i.e., I had no shoes. “sºlº ſº •e (hºs! istiță'at, capability; (possibility), means (8.3% ), a. Jºžº páepúsh, shoes, (c.3: foot and Jº 23 from e º 23 to cover). cº Je ($ (“ !) z gº |23 Jº tº “ethºvel, I had not the means to purchase shoes. &* jámia, a principal mosque, where the prayer (oration or sermon) called cºhè khutbe, is recited on Fridays and other Holidays by the ~!hé. The mosque with all its attached - buildings generally comprising a cara- vamsarai (a traveller's banglo), an 2-3 sº Story YX. alms-house, and a school is called the jámai, while the place of worship is termed the Masjid. 23.55 kºfe, a city on the co Lº the Euphrates; four days’ jour- ney from Slex baghdad, and so near 8 y.o. Basrell, that the two towns are called the two Basrahs or the two Kufós. resſ pe darámaðam, I entered. 2 * * º —&] e diliang, heavy heart, vexed at heart. The manuscript reads— J.'” sipás, thank, praise. re," G3's G= <3 J.';* , I. thanked God (for his mercy as I had foot). Gºº Gº bf kafshi, want of shoes ſ' Sy’ > -e, I bore with patience. ějº murgh, fowl; ejº &_º roasted fowl, wºº biryán from cºyº birishtan, to roast, to broil. —wº sír, Satisfied, satiated. (2) Garlic. 823 & barg-i-tarre, pot-herbs. ex- Khán, a table, a dish. P. O.- e, 3- y4 -_** rejº ſº “Lit. A roasted fowl in the eyes of a Satiated man is of less account than pot-herbs on the table.” *** - dastgāh, wealth, means; (** 9 hand and 86 place). NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY XXI. 51 & 293 lºudraf, power, agentive §§63?!?!, . 2 & 3 lºédir, pt. T}. J.5 oft.c. P. O.----, cºyos 2 & 33-& 23 Liſ ~~! ejº &_* 2&s: ck's “And to him, who has no means to support himself, the boiled turnip is a roasted fowl.” Moral.—As there is no end to misery in this world, it is advisable for a man to content himself with the state in which God has placed him; more- over, he should thank Him for it (state) lest it may be worse than that €WG Il. — —O— —- Ø *" = [23] $ ) (xx- y pl. f**r ) e ºf 8 º'1 &lide kardan, to defile ey exº 83 2/1 Jº <^* > , to deprive some one of his property and money. 2-2° jaw jau, grain by grain. r's ex 1 rt L* 3-3-, I have collected grain by grain (by begging). *-* (** gham nist, no matter, do not distress yourself on that account. 2% fatar, the Tartars (They are not Mohammedans) some editions read -96 in fidel, for 23.3.) J.''< 2/33 kaulahi, fa’álá, the saying of Him Most High. Arabic–Lit, Bad women are for bad men, i.e., filthy things are fit for those who are impure. They said, mortar from lime is not cleans. We replied, we close therewith the chinks of the privy. 8 tº châh, well. [rene. “s", a nasrāni, Christian, Naza- -5': púk, holy. [dead Jew. 89.5° 5' exº~ jehádí murde, a **** mishiſyand, if they were to wash; (from cº.º. to wash). ** !-3' cº che bal; ast, what harm is there? czyk; rºtºs P. O.--3 tº sixa 8's ºf L; *** *** sexte (c.1332) <-s: ** ** **, ***) -- “st, 23. (* J-Fºxey, 25 Lº “Lit. If the water of the Christian's well is not pure, what harm is there 54 NOTES ON CHAPTE R III—STORY XXIII. if they wash a dead Jew there ; (because both are impure).” glº sts ºf, compared to … Jº and 892 & exte com- pared to_* •339 -º cº,332°, he (the beg- gar) disobeyed the king, i.e., he did not give him money he (the king) asked for. He refused to comply with the king's request. ~5* hu).jat, discussion, argu- ment; (adj, gºsº) a, esy," “se to discuss warmly. Jºe #3% shakh clasmi, sau- ciness, insolence. The manuscript reads, 3.3% , º lbs. exº~~ lj S_º zºg y J-º-  le_3 cals.” e *3232–5-3: Cs2} e_ys cº pishe ſcard, practised. J.244.9 mazmán, (lit. contents), subject; pl. cºº, a. [sion. + (hē khitáb, address, discus- _r=3 zajr, violence. zºº taubikh, reproach. - the cºxº~ subject of discus- sion, i.e., wealth of the beggar. es; ſo, Cals” mustakhlas ger- d&nfd, appropriated. aº: , Jº Jºy! - the exº~ * **}| sº Jalsº , lit. So much so that the king deprived him of his wealth with violence and reproach. <-3 (a) let fat, gentleness, kind treatment; adj. -*k/ a. egº y 36 / .4r bar me!/4!/ad, the affair is not accomplished. Gºre “sº bi hurmati, rudeness, incivility; (sº without, and , havá, climate. -33°29. Cºx's khush, agreeable... “8” 3' baz, then, again; sº gufti, he used to say. ~3 (* 9-12 C329-3° Çsº to cº-e cº mai, no, i.e., (Oh no, I won't go there, because—) -j- c.5%) 3 daryá-i-maghrab, the western sea, i.e., Mediterra- mean Sea. [stormy, boisterous. Jºº mushaw.wash, 28° safar, journey; (pl. 2'3" | (Ue (s f") _y” (~~). C**333 darpish, in front.jºs,8° ** | Cº. 3 s , I have one more journey before me, i.e., I have to travel once more. • 23 83,5 of , , If that be ac- complished (i.e., if I return from that journey). [remainder of life. _* < *32 balciyyat-i-'umºr, the 2333 gāshe, corner. Fº zºº I shall confine myselfin a corner, i.e., I shall not travel any more then. The manuscript gives— rough, 56 NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY XXIII. ~~ el 25 eſcº º 23.3% • 32% gligird, sulphur, brim- stone. (It is of four kinds, e. g., white, yellow, red and black). gº'; pársi, of Persia, cº-ºcs tº e S_2 fºr L* cº, I shall carry it to China. ~<3 kimat, price; (pl. º kiyam), a. ººks -- sº, high price. Syn. J'Lº An. J'32" ~8 käse, cup; pl. J-225 kuyūs; sº 8-6 China-ware. r2, rām, the Turkish empire; adj. Sº 23. Csº e dibá-?, bro- cade; cloth of gold, gº 'cs", p. SJ; folád, or 3 y 23 polád steel; adj, ess V2', a. ~|~ Aleppo; (see story I). 23:31 &bgine, mirror, glass. (com.of-f water, and 2:43 light). Jº Jamam, Arabia Felix; a dj. ce” or es' tº . - or burd, striped stuff; cº'-' ºr burd-i-yamání, striped eloth. The verb r21 is understood after ºr--!> —cº and J-p'º in accordance with the rule of Grammar, viz.:- When a per- sonal pronoun is the subject, it is expressed by the suffix of the verb and so included in the verb, and need not be repeated. It is customary with merchants to go wherever the mercantile articles are cheap, made, grown, dug, &c, &c., to buy them cheap. Consequently, the above-mentiomed merchant purchased those articles at a low price where they were in abundance, and carried them to those places where their price was very high. cr: e13 azán pas, after which, then — (after taking so many articles to so many places and selling them). rat giram, I shall give up trade, I shall retire from work. cy's dukkán, a shop; pl. c.35 ke; ***** cy's 93, I will sit in a shop, i.e., (1)–I will open a shop and sell something there; adj. 1936 & (2), I shall settle in any shop. w'ºe chandán, so much an eXtent. (*!)-tº mákhuliyā, from Jºo (melas) ‘black' and tº) 2.3 (chole) ‘bile.” It is a contracted form of (*!,G 35, 25 A***** ef “ Lit. Have you not heard what the merchant said, when he fell from his camel in a desert? i.e., have yºu not heard what the merchant said when he fell down from his catuel (while he was travelling through a desert?) (The word ** in the second line goes with the first line.)” º (It is a cs) L3 rtºº." therefore the answer would be “yes I have,” Ol' cºs **** must be taken in the sense of cºlº 89*** shanideh bāshi, you might have heard. cºo s” to cº-e -k (** &= 3. It gives correct sense. —&3 & chashm-i-tang, lit. narrow eye, short-sighted, i.e., covetous eyes, greedy eyes; (ºr, eye, and -ºj narrow. As the greedy persons think of this world and not of the next world, they are termed short-sighted). 3 ſo tº 3 dunyà dér, the worldly man ; (33 e world, and 3' e from cººle to keep ; pl. of ºe is cs: 99); adj. Jºe dunyawi, or J. : * > dunyàui, it is from 23 S dunit near (because it is nearer than the next world ; (2), a woman of bad disposition or ill- fame). [i.e., will satisfy. p *** 2: pur kuluad, will fill up, (3 khák, dust; adj. Csº [* made of earth. Mankind are termed so because they are made of earth. Angels are called csx." made of light : devils, fairies, genii are cºſ. 22% gár, tomb; agt. c9; 22% gtº- kan, a grave-digger. P. O.- U y! S (Ajs cº (*** <-38 3,3 - (< * *** 2: cs • * ~~ 23 gº's y gº 25 JSºo vut. The meanness of soul has taken root so firmly in his nature that, i.e., he was addicted to stinginess to such a degree that, &c. e ‘tº mihéd, nature, habit. cº- mutamakkun, firmly rooted, established. s's bejºni, in exchange for ( L-35-3 cs' ), 2,3 ſurbe, a cat, & 2, 3° Abſº Huraira, name of a counganion of rºle >{_y, 72 amount to more than five thousand three hundred. As he was very fond of his cat he was named by n >3' by the prophet. His proper naume was eyes," lºº. 2.8' lukme, a morsel.) cºś bºmenawàkhti, be was not treating with kindness, i.e., he was not giving. sºlo J-3 sº ~3's e-l, Ç52 Lººs' (aorist ej (23) -** - (< *l as-hăb-i-kahf, the companions of the cave, i.e., the seven sleepers. It is mentioned in the Qorán (Sura Alkahf) that in consequence of the persecution of Emperor Darius, seven young Christians of Ephesus fled in a cave with their only dog, where they slept till the reign of Theodosius the younger, that is to say, for about 155 years. The dog will be admitted into paradise in the person of the prophet Balaam, and Balaam will be thrown into Hell in the form of a dog. e Lé” I listukhán, bone. Ar. ke *****, Jºs” º ºsºl-º-, “He would not have gratified the cat of Abū-Huraira with a morsel, nor thrown a bone to the dog of the com- panions of the cave, i.e., suppose the cat of Abū Huraira and the dog of the seven sle pels had come to his (rich miser's) house at the time of his dinner, he (the rich miser) would not have bestowed on them a scrap of bread or a bone (though they are favourite to God, Who will allow them to enter paradise in the form of a man, yet the rich miser through stinginess would not even mind them, much less others).” 2.s' 's' filjumle, in short, (lit. on the whole), a rºls rºš <3_y= 8.98°, ****, * g º Crs L., … [s { § 3 tº 2's '22' NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY XXIV. 59 “No one saw his door opened, i.e., (he used to keep his door always closed lest any friend or relative luight enter his house and might ask something of him, nor his table-cloth spread, i.e., he 11 ever used to eat in the presence of any person lest he (person) might join him or he (miser) might have to ask him to partake of his food).” 3=3 bijuz, except. cs: bit-i, smell. rººk ta'ſim, food, victuals; pl. rººk (2.4% ha'ame, food), a. cs º washaridi, was not suelling. C52 L***! s” (~ Jas gº 4- ~3 (4 x= ! 3 £3.9 murgh, a bird, e.g., spar- row, pigeon, cock, &c. ee> 3- e." Jº 3' az pas-i-nów- khurdan, after dunner. $3.2 rice, a particle, crumb, (from Jºy to pour). [up. CŞ **machidſ, was not picking P. O.-C** (* b. c.32° 35' Cº., 3 & C-33' 82° (2) sº (29 s sº J - - º e cs ºf 83° 22' 0 ex-Jº “Lit. A beggar only sunelled his food, and the bird could not pick up any crumbs after his dinner, i.e., no beggar received anything to eat, but only the smell of the food, because his (miser’s) door was closed, and consequently they perceive nothing (but smell): he used to eat in such a way that he left no Crumbs that a bird, viz., sparrow, pigeon or cock, &c., may eat them.” * > ** , 5'83 e daryá-i-maghrab, the Western sea, i.e., the Medi- terranean Sea. w ex, ºr , as $'; sº sºjº “Lit. He had taken the way to Egypt from the Western sea, i.e., he sailed by the Mediterranean Sea to Egypt’” _v^*} \ gºº." Jºš-2 and had Pha- raoh-like thoughts in his head, i.e., he was proud, rebellious, and sinful like Pharaoh ; Pharaoh proclaimed himself God, though he was advised by Moses not to do so, but to believe in God. Arabic.—Until drowning over-took him. This (c 38 ºw S ~93 eſs, sº fary&d kerdan girift, he began to lament. (When ~323 girift is preceded by any infinitive it means “began ”). Arabic.—When they embark on board a ship, they call upon God vowing Him sincere worship. & 2.43 tagarru'a, submission, supplication, entreating; (from &_yº ), a. [fit. e_2~ 8%d, advantage, use, bene- gºs” #93, baude-l-muhté), a needy person. tº e <33 wakt-i-du'á, at the time of asking (His) assistance. ! 23-y: barkhudá, lit. On God, i.e., towards God. r_< −3, wakt-i-karam, at the time of giving charity. Jº Jo day baghal, in arm-pit ; eyº J4 y < * > , to fold one’s hands, i. e., not to give anything to the beggar. P.O.— … • (c • *-3, L & (śs” # 333 ~53 (ex-) ex" re '•= 2* = 2* or — (23 (3) J33 je (CºS) ex5 | es_y. (Cº- S) les ~33 ( 25 Lºj ) (J33 je (Jº S) r_< * , ( ; “") “Lit.—Of what use is the hand of entreating to the needy person, (when) at the time of invoking His assistance it is towards God, and at the time of making charity, it is in the arm-pit, i. e., what will it profit you (needy mam) to pray to God when you have a want to be satisfied since you neglect your duty when you have to give charity in His name P” 3 az, out of. 23 zar, gold; adj. ery zarrín, golden, Ar. 44 helá. *** sim, silver ; adj. silvery, Ar. 4,83 nukre wealth. ~~ 13 réhat, tranquillity, rest, comfort, ease. * ejºs, berasām, get, give, bestow; (sex.' J exº~ Jas, causal verb, from eye-sº)—give in charity (to poor). g cºś khíshtam, you yourself. (CŞxº~3°). fºr ham, also. &c.; tamattu'a, advantage, bene- fit;2:32 & 3, derive advantage. P.O.-(e)|= (x=º 23 (**) (*** > 33 3' exº cº-r, (2) Jº Jºe D 2-8-2 “Bestow comfort and ease on poor needy persons by means of gold and silver, and derive advantage from it for yourself as well, i.e., give charity to the poor out of your wealth and enjoy it yourself as well.” The manuscript reads— e; lo er 24, 23.35 23'-cy: 253 lo Jºe?” ** 23.3' ºs- 2 *** 3' cº- 283 ſedánke, know thou. S_y=">30, 2, \;=23 to suppose ; grant , ** 333" Jºã “Know that this house will remain from thee (in this world after your death) even though it is made up of silver and gold bricks; i.e., know that this house will remain here (in the world); whereas you will emigrate to next world, so what is the use of adorn- ing and decorating it and wasting money when you have no hope of enjoy- ing it? Therefore, it is advisable to spend money in establishing hospitals, schools, inns, giving charity to the poor, &c., to secure virtue, because you will get a splendid palace in the paradise in return.” 22°, 9° S.-23 cº-a-2 ºve-º-; olº 3 ex}_** 25 cº e law Jº C_yº otºs,83 C*** 3 •etx3 -82° 25 ç-5 C**, 3 e > jº' alºé rib-i-darwish, poor relatives; ( -jū from -3 near, and it is the pi. of -2°lakrab, (3–3 — akribá is the pl. of ~3,3 * , (3) — C32° 5'9 and C*323 e-ºve -$4, halák, death “J” -$4, 3' exº is not given in the manuscript.” 35 khazz, kind of silken cloth; (inade of silk and wool), a. cek (*~ 3 dimyſtí, a species of fine cotton cloth or staff made at Damutta in Egypt; dimity, a. citº kuhne, old. of Jºy” be-'iwaz-i-án, instead of (the sex marje'a, antecedent of e1 is sº , it is not given in the manuscript). - * * * be-burídand, they cut out, i.e., they made up. ****** -5,--&lar cº-slewºluxº If the first letteroſpast tense is º-ra's i.e., has Gº pſsh over it, the **} sº l: b4-i-záyed, should be pronounced fºx-re", and if it is 22-sº, i.e., has-yº zir under it, or «»” maftiſh, i.e., has 233 zabar over it, the 9: 3 J4% báy-i- záyed, superfluous he should bey”. It is generally prefixed to the s” lºo Głkº past tense; & 3'-aro aorist and to the 2°' imperative; this rule is violated in colloquial speech. ** 2° 2' 33-4 e6 ce'rº'- *** - Cºhºº e > 33- 9 “Lit. They tore up their old gar- ments and made up (new ones) of silk and dimity. Here is pun in Sadi's expression in 9 (******, two contrary cases, i. e., they tore up their old gar- ments at his rich miser's) death to ex- press their sorrow (as it is done by ignorant people, generally by the women) and they made up new dresses of silk and dimity as if they were glad at his (miser's) death.” *** why”, hamdrán haſte, in that same week, (in which the miser was drowned) fºr also eſ je in that, ºr from *r haft, seven. The week con- tains seven days, hence the name. The Mohammedan week is reckoned from rºº shambe Saturday. The last day is 2***jum'e or 2% Sſ Friday. The other days are zºº yak Sunday, zºº, e do Monday, zºº. 2" se Tuesday, zºº 2 ‘tº Wºmesday, and **** panj Thurs- (là V. ºbsº bádpáe, a swift horse; ( → G wind and C33 tº foot, i. e., as swift as wind)." t e'22 rawán, passing (from eº- to go 2:/te fºl). Ighilmán), a. rº ghulám, a slave; (pl. cºlº *: Cs); part paikar, fairy faced; (c333 from e ºr to fly and 28:8 face ). ~55% **! “tº ~$1.3 cº; ; 3 dar pai, behind; (29 in and sº step, heel or foot). 62 I NOTES ON CHAPTER III– STORY xxiv. e) tº e dau’án, running ; (from c) * > 3 to run). The manuscript reads— “s: 3 & Csº 43, ~3.3 wbo cs': Sºy: The word w! 23 means an active and es'; sº horse. - 8, wah, (l) original, strange to say *(**** | Gya (2) Ah! alas -º- G -3 ye. When astonish- ment is expressed 8 wall, is generally used twice. 8 & yo murde, deceased, dead man; (from cys yº murdan to die; aorist ejº be mirad). es ess, 3% báz gerd'di, (the dead man) returned. ~3 tº &=> | > rºle y% &2&tº U23 ce º' had J3 L-3 besará-i, in the house of, in the palace of. (All correct edi- tions give Jºº bemiyán-i, or, c tºys darmiyán-i, amongst. It is more correct). ex^3 - 21:23 kabála-0-paivand, kinsfolk and family. (cºs rela- tive; pl. J.3% habá-il, a. and eº; children and family). & Lºc & radd-i-mirás, restora- tion of the inheritance. cs S3 → ~ ** sakhi tar bidi, would be harder. J.A. cº-e cºp' waris, heir. a. “Sy” marg, death. e; jºys khishéwand, kinsman, (compounded of C** > self, and 23, is a suffix showing “like- ness”). - P. 0.-e) tº 3 8 S_yo _3 25 $_3 •) 'J 99), & eºs,83% * > * > 21:3 e3, tº 2- -3, 3’ >3 *** * Lºx cs º , “Lit. Alas! had the dead man return- ed amongst his kinsfolk and family his heirs would have felt the restoration of the inheritance harder than the death of the kinsman, i.e. (in this cah? Sadi gives his opinion). Strange to say, if the dead man were to become alive and return amongst his relatives and family, they would not be pleased, but on the contrary (through love of money) they would prefer his death to return- ing his estate.” The second line can be trans- lated :- Litºl) º ºx- CŞ_yo 5 (ex: 25) cs S_2 - “” (º “It would be rather hard to the heirs to part with the inheritance, which they had received after his (dead relative's) death.” 283 tº sábeke, former. (Jººs), a. gº,” ma-’arifati, acquaint- ance; (3 ye), a. Cº-1 &stinash, his sleeve. cºſ Q_2? e'º 25 2 &l- * & , º,3 “As he was an old acquaint- ance of mine, I caught hold of his sleeve and said.” [tured. ci_** –$º wik sirat, good na- 8 y” Soreh, virtuous; e_j^ 3 y” a man of happy endowment. e's kán–eyſ 23 (vide Story X.) **** 23 firå mäye, low born, mean, (2–3 low, 22° origin). No other editions read zºº, but the Bombay edition. They read exº <= nigſºn bakhſ, the unfortunate person. (ex: upset and ~# for- tune). Sys e_3 gird kerd, accumulated; • 23°, it should be pronounced nakhard here for rhyme. P. 0-8 r" cº-wºº' -º o yo Cs' ** * **** cog of ~ 23- “Oh good-natured man of happy endowments, enjoy (all the wealth,) NOTES ON CHAPTER III —STORY XXV. 63 because that unfortunate man accumu- lated (it) and did not enjoy it.” MoRAL. (Though the man had sufficient wealth, yet he did not enjoy it as he was not destined to do so. The follow- ing story is given in support of the same assertion that though the fish was caught in the net of the fisherman yet, as it was not destined to become his prey, he could not get the better of it). 2 lºs & Lºo & Jº (; º;'3) a. ºo said, chase. -āºx.3 ya’if, weak; $4.3 ºu’af, a. ( comparative and superlative degree -ā-3 ). cs;3 kawi, strong; (pl. ººl) rá, after -ຠis used for cº-3 [23] #,-5 it. ought to be cs:" & “ sts f 93-23 Stºre -le J9. "les-ºlk ~34k tākat, strength ; a lj. käs hiſ?, preserving, holding; (pr. p. As (s , pt. p. 438-’), a. The manuscript reads kºº in- stead of Pak- esſ -Jé ghālib Ómad, got the better of; overcaine, (the hunter in the struggle). [away. • 23 y je dar ya béd, snatched exy 2 S Cº- S 3' r"s (the fish) wrenched the net from his (hum- ter's) hand. All other editions read–-3, after ex: 2 ye ** shud, went. r 43 glulám, a slave; pl. J.'éu. 3-Já, river, 2=1 &ljú a fish (-1 water and 2+ from cº-e jus- tan to search=s=1 89.323+). ~3 (23 ~3–Jºjº Je ls ſº | It can be read 2+ -1 40-iyú, water of the river. In the second hemistich it. (2=-1) means flood, illundation or flood-tide. . . Some editions read ºf instead Of oyſ in the first hemistich. pºp, harbár, every time, always. cs Syº' es: “ in 4hí ówardſ used to bring fish, i.e., used to catch fish. cs: Lººs' es” (~ ce ºf J23 2% bar, time. I’. 0-sex," J.'s r's Jºy, Qjº (**) rºle 2 **_ Jº 2% J.' ([… !) cs jºshikári, the chase, game. eyº belxtrad, carries, i.e., catch- es, (Unough it is aorist but it is equal to J's present tense). 23 °ºlº báshad ke, it may be that. The manuscript reads 25 2331, it mily happen that. C*: palangash = , , ! -33 Gºº Jº (This couplet is not given ill all coumeniaries, and in some editions, which are consi– dered correct ones, except the manuscript and Mustafář edition of 1265 Hijra). * 9 J2+ & y & dergh khurdand, they felt regret, G, … J-3 wº ~3 (4. &= G'kº Jºë Lo Gºº malématash– ly, sº-c Mo (they) reproached him; (Jals (“) ~~'s démat =33 fle, thy net. 2A) | CŞ'.3% 23—J '..c f ! 3 cº'2.9 Megſºlidºshtan, to pre- 64 NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY XXVI. serve, to hold fast. The other editions read–eye is h?” sº lºº, thou couldst not hold it fast. _y exac l: es' (< 20 ! Lºº zºo S_3 e_3 z+, what could be done. cs; 33-ritzi, fortune; provision. The manuscript and all other editions read as follows:– *** cº, U cºrº ox!' cº Lº “Lit. To me it (fish) was not provi- sion and to the fish remained some pro- vision, i.e., it was not destined that the fish should be my provision or food; and the fish was destined to live longer to enjoy the allotted sustenance.” c) (##"r hamchumán, still, yet. *** -s;29 ritzinánde-º ºxy 8 ejo, some days remained (for it in this world). There is a pun in this sentence ; first s; , ) means “maintenance” and the second means “a few days.” <<> hikmat, (skill, know- ledge), (1) proverb, (2) motto, (3) ę e e saying of sages; pl. e8= hilam : | e e (Jº 9 º' ' ) fºe, a. s cle • dijle, the river Tigris, cell,” furat, the river Euphrates. J-1 ce: bi ajal, lit. ( without death) without the destined death; without the arrival of the appoint- ed time for death, i.e., unless the appointed time for death arrives. cs}> y sº bi rāzī, (lit. without maintenance), without the des- timed sustenance. cºsº- khushki, dry ground or land, ( -ºs dried) ant. Jº wetted land (23 wet), a. MoRAL. If we loose something which we have already been in possession of, we should not feel for it because it was destined ; and what is destined must happen. The days of the fish were not numbered and consequently it got the better of the fisherman and escaped from his hands. Had it been otherwise, i.e., had the days of the fish been numbered, it would never have been able to escape. Vide Alèsop's Fable (Prince and the Lion). -O- We 3. Ar" 2 “tº ~: ~% XXVI. } sº [3 × < e dast-o pá buride (** noun originally, “a snake.”) a man without hands and feet. “sº (3 ce.J.'s Jºe jº re ** (~~ & hand, tº foot, and 8°22' cut, from c. 93,4 buridan, to cut off); one who had both hands and feet cut off. N.B.—Some are of opinion that it means “a walking stick,” the hands are the “branches” and the feet “roots” (; 6., as a stick fell down by the degree of Pro- vidence) and by its fall a millepede lost its life. cg : , ly, hazár påe, a millepede) 2 [3, a thousand and CS 3 foot); J5x㺠- (< Jºe jº ſ' (c ** ~& beliust, killed, hunted. Jºe (~ $4 hebdile, a pious per- son. ~30.3 – 3 | by him. ~~392, beru beguzasht, passed &l J 'e) *** subhánalla, holy God, (-ts” &!--, this expression is generally used to express wonder. [all. * ba, notwithstanding, though, with ** 2 3, hezár páe, one thou- sand feet. Notice the figure r" Crºs’ exº~ (.333, one thou- sand feet and a millepede). Cºle affalash, its death, (Jº is the cely antecedent of tº 3 ºr ) cºst.* |_*** wº ex'ſ 31, firáz émad, overtook; (3 L3 near, and 3-1 came). Some other editions read ºº lº' NOTES ON, CHAPTER III—STORY XXVI, 65 2 “e s? 3 | ex'ſ 3 Lº Jºe' ex- * ~~3 Lº Jºãº G4'; “O holy God although the millepede had a thousand feet, yet, when fate over- took him, he could not escape from one destitute of hands and feet, i.e., the pious man expresses his confirmatory belief in destiny in the above sentence, “ that with all the thousand feet the millepede could not escape from one destitute of hands and feet.” When the appointed time of death approaches, neither power, wealth, nor influence can save a living being. What is destined must befall. In support of the same as- sertion, the following limes are quoted:— *1 = and the second is &o y” “*” as the author divides this sentence into distinct parts, the words in each part correspond with those in the others in measure and rhyme. ge-, sº ai S'adi, O Sadi s' | 2.3 3 re- and C5 ° (Azo C & ea." ~2% chegüne, how, like what, (~ what, and 293 like). rºtº- | -5,- *gº gº sº 2.98°. } how do you see ? i.e., what is your opinion about. J's *** gº sº, -b's° ë-), CŞ_2_y” O / O -> tº e dibá, brocade, el” “sº dibó-i-mw'alam, embroidered cloth. é 45 (2 YOTES ON CHAPTER III— STORY XXVII. 67 ey tºº haiwán, brute, animal; (cºllac cy'.”- haiwán-i-mutlal, a dumb animal. Gº Geºs haiwán- d-ludfil; a man ; pl. c. 6' 24-. The manuscript reads —flºº 9-º-ey! !y: *~ | *** 23 * * ~~~~ | <^5 bi- º I think this reading is quite correct as it gives the full and correct idea of contempt, “The word -º-, a dog” is used by the Mohamedans to express the most contemptuous feeling. tº 9 la ya'alam, ignorant, without knowledge ; ( from 9 without and cle knowledge. It is sº & ) (*~ and the . Persian equivalent is c ſ sº ké khat, (a letter, pl. Exhë. pr. p. Bºas khattāf (2) down on the cheeks), writing, (3) a line a. <& 3 zisht, bad (ugly); --&; hé, a bad writing, villainous scrawl. 33 ºf Ab-i-2ar, water of gold, golden letters. csº “sºr 25º C & Gº <& cs-5 clº -4° eaſy el-4 isºs es' “Some one (said) asked, “O Sadi how do you (see) find this embroidered brocade on this ignorant dog,” i.e., like what does this foolish blockhead appear in this costly dress in your sight P When the people saw the blockhead in that splendid garment, one of them asked Sadi's opinion, whether he deserved that dress.” “ 2%23 25 * ~~ | < *; As ºf “I (Sadi) replied “it is a bad writing written in the water of gold,’ i.e., a man who does not know how to write well, does not deserve to write in melted gold, and it will be waste of money; because orthography and cali- graphy is most important ; and the material with which they write is an additional beauty.” ~$3 kš. is compared to st'' and 23 P 1 to rich dress, &c. What embroidered dress is to a foolish man, that is water of gold to a bad writer, In support of the same the author quotes the following Arabic.”. “In truth he is an ass in the disguise of a man or just like a calf (with a fat body, and bellowing).” The following Persian couplets will give the full sense of the Arabic _*.*. ~~! “s-ºf G5) Lºy. (3 gré's cos' ~~ | qs-F" p < g-eſ *_J_2~ y > * ~ *-* Jsº There is a reference here to the Kurán, Ch. vii. V. 148. “And the people of Moses, after his departure, took a cor- poral calf, made of their ornaments which lowed.” ~ J * 2: . p'ºe Cº thunderstruck ;35° (Scº naksh ſcal hajar, like an engraving on the stome, i.e., indelible, e.g., *: ‘s. eſ #t. J tº, # tº e “ ,ss & Cº cº. I know that story perfectly well, i.e., (as an engrav- ing on the stone) cº, a map. Cºº birúnash, –2 cº, his outward. ** (* 234.3 c.4% P. O.-Cº jºs e º zel, S_3=} • 2 4t & &J º (sº e º “We cannot say whether this blockhead bears resemblance to man except by his woollem garment, turban and outward appearance; i. e., though the blockhead wears a garment (generally worn by men), yet he does not possess manliness, therefore, we should not call him a man.” • * begerd, go round, search (and think well); (from cº or e º oxº, to turn; qorist, sex; ; Some editions read 23. Jº-, -81% mulk-i-hasti, king- dom of his existence, his life, or the worldly possessions; (<1% dominion, and Lº-, existence; contrary term is ree non-exist- ence, death).-The manuscript reads, sº “you will not find.” instead of Gº 23. J*~ halál, lawful, (contrary term is Le “unlawful”), a. cy 2.É.- khſtm, blood (murder; adj. cº- a murderer p ><3-); (2) self-conceit, vanity; c) >< khaun, treachery, dishonesty. P. O.—sº-, &l: • ‘ºs cºz y 3 (→8; 9 ) & 2' ex-3-->k< 3,83 3' cs: (s; U 4s. “Lit. Go round all the property of the kingdom of his existence, but except his blood you will not find anything lawful, i. e., if you search carefully all the property acquired by him in his whole life, and think well, you will not find a single thing acquired lawfully so much so, that you would think it lawful to shed his blood.” (2). The letter C. goes with J4= , when ex- Khán means “vanity, self-conceit.” JP. 0.—, cº-, –Sko < khaun “dishonesty; treachery;” Cº will go with 543. (Though for the sake of rhyme it should be pro- nounced cº- Khán as it is done in many other cases, yet the meaning ought to be the same. P. O.- es”; Cºlº *** ^*z J & J*-2'3? gº, ex=}= 2& 329 cs: tº “If you search carefully all the pro- perty acquired by him in his whole life, you will see that nothing has been acquired lawfully by him, but every thing by dishonesty and treachery.” Lää jº, sharif, (1) noble by birth, holy. (2) the descendant of the prophet Mahomed, who NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORy xxvii.I. 69 governs Mecca, is called 2,3, (pl. ºº shurajá, from G., & ) on the measure of Jax}. ****** mutaza'if, poor, weak. Jºº fººl on the measure of Jaś.8; adj. -** weak; noun -à-3 zu'af weakness. ** Jºë, khiyál maband, do not imagine; ( Jºš imagination, pl. “ Mºi, and ºº is the negative imperative est' of cº-3 to bind. º: 3 páegāh, dig nity, rank; (c.93% foot and 86 place: hence position, rank). J. & Lulamdash, his (of Lºyº) high, elevated. J. stands for w dº e º w • -** , it is called -->{2}|_2^4.3 Jºs. -**23 zaif, weak e3, *r | 33- -º-23 will be weakened, will be lessened; -3 (3 x- | > Jºãº-o ex (* Jº cºlº P.Q.-Jºš sº -º-º-º:23| &\º e. [2<> -**2& 3" & 36: º 25 Cºo “If a nobleman were to be re- duced to poverty (by chance) do not think that his (nobleman’s) dignity would be lessened.” 22 wº, and if (it is equal to 21–2) zººſ astáme, threshold. Ará. bic zºśc 'albe. evº" simín, of silver, Ar. § 23; (23 gold; Ar. 4+; adj. Jº Zarrin * *... . . and cººk OI’ !h.c.) Jººs & (3.7 a threshold of silver (here is cºjº cº-3'-3' ). *** nvíkh, nails z*** with a nail; (~jtx3. Lºt: ) — sº mżkhak, a small mail; a clove, sess” a mint; 23 *** a. gold mail. (G3% <-2 (.3ſ ) _yºzo e'.3 gum &n mabar, do not think (e.'...' imagination and 2- is the est' from eye-yº to carry. cs ext: yahūdī, a Jew. P. O.-eº.” & “ſes exel,512 * 9.9 (33) •º 23 as (bs,-) , º, ø, Lys -㺠º ( , ! ) 25 “And if a Jew were to drive a gold mail into his silver threshold, do not think that he (the Jew) would be a nobleman, i.e., should a Jew be so rich as to drive a gold mail into his silver threshold, do not on that account esteem him noble. In Persia the Jew follow the meanest profession, e.g., dancing, jugglery, and several others. Consequently they are con- sidered mean by the Persians and also by the author mentioned here.” Moral.-A man of learning, if he is wise, will never feel if he is in poor cir- cumstances, on seeing an ignorant fool enjoying good fortune, for, a man is considered moble by his “profession, knowledge, noble deeds, conduct to- wards his fellow-creatures, and birth.” It is education which commands res- pect and makes a man worthy, and not wealth, a rich dress or a beautiful face. • ‘tº 93% gº" wº * 53 cy: 93 23 |Jºã5. - —-cCºc- — 2-. & S 33 duzdí, a thief, (from cºs 39 to steal; aorist, e 939) • *s-, es':-cs eye duždi, theft. cººles gadá, a beggar, a 2-3 sº cs: 19% frº sharm nadári, cs, ſº flyº have you not shame? -º- *- > <>, <2%. Story XXVIII. i.e., do you not feel shame? (~& shame gy! A from cºls to pos- sess. adj. Sºº, 8 ºzºº, 3'-oxº or eº ashamed, bashful, g3, 3 az baráe, for the sake of. is 33-fawi, a little, a smallest particle; a grain, s” CŞ'. 70 NOTES ON CHAPTER, III—STORY XXIX. (***) lałm, a base, mean, avari- cious. pl. r (*). liyám, sub. ****) stinginess. e. ex: 5 L e < * > , to extend hand, to hold out the hand, i.e., to beg. The manuscript reads . cº 3 D S → • s: }! aſ paye, for the sake of. ^* labbe, a small piece of money, (a grain. A measure equal to two barley corns) (* *~ for rhyme the **l over ree is omitted or rather it is ~3° 3. a beh--ºr, better. (It is in positive form but gives the mean- ing of the comparative degree). 2% = than, Csº rº- G (3. OI’ Jºã83 sk. gº's déngſ, (~~~ Arabified of cº' le) a small coin equal to the sixth part of a dinér which is about gºth of a farthing ( - in gºſe; is Jalaj C5 l: ). ſº e domim, two halves (some read it ºf 2 sº leg “for a dāngi and a half" in order to give the religious sense). The manuscript reads the line as follows:— rº” 2- cº 45) | 3 ktaaw S º _5 & sº led exº 25 23 P. 0– (a) “9 º' &= &º ſº 29 (~~~) gº tº 25 c. Cs5'99 êº jº (~$3 c5!” 5' 4-3) cº (31)–(b) ~Lºe) (93,035s –- ºr-- *- y *** S (c) ***1 J's -º/**3, a 3 3) (lit. from) owing to ; on account of, by dint of. 2 * * gº –833 -> * > dast-i-tang, poverty; shortness of money, (~ 3 hand and -& narrow; close), contrary, ~~< *L," rich. Parse,'—º ~~ ej! - 32° 5's ~~2-ºxº~~3-3- -35-3 J2ji=" 2:/l <3.42 tº Jºo-ºº! Jºãº ****, ey's béján reside, reached (his) soul, i.e., he was on the point of death. • 3'-' iſézaf, permission, leave ~~|~ * 3'→ asked for permis- Sion. 25 ke, saying. Jºãº G & cy's 28- 65°'azm-i-safar dáram, I have an intention of journeying, i.e., I wish to travel; (cx+'. ſº yº a firm resolution, pr. p. from ,8. is_3'-º', a traveller), a. Lº maſſar, perhaps, probably. (peº Gye) 33% sº belºwat-i-bázá, by means of the strength of the arm; (~3txº~ | Ol' U-23 es" pl. of 23 lº is w!93% ; adj. from gº is cs” g” ( e^'s déman-i-kāmi, the skirt of (my) object or wish 9 (x&s <3 Lé * (cs in (s’c’s is •l& cs'. ). tº ro" -], I might bring to land, i.e., I might accomplish. my wishes). Gle halk-i-farākh (lit. a < * co-c G3 cs'; lit. “draw back the foot of content- ment under the skirt of security, i.e., don’t go out of this country but be contented (and you will get what is destined).” In support of the same, the 72 XXIX. NOTES ON CEIAPTER III—STORY father quotes the phrase of the sages and the three couplets. In cº-e (33 gº º and <5 2,41 abrá, eyebrows; +1 lustre, beauty, and 33 face, cs in sº is <-3 (.3 es'. ^*_2 wasme, a kind of collyrium pre- pared out of “a plant used in dyeing, a blue leaf of wood, or kind of stone” which is used by the Persian and Baghdādi women. It is applied to the eyebrows and eyelashes to give the eye itself a brilliant appearance and add to the lustre of the fair face. It is construed with—cº; --cy S 3 – cº-3 P. O.—233 sºlº e coºl • Cº-5 $ & • 22 * tº a << | 89.3 (833 Gº 35 “Lit.—No one can seize the skirt of wealth by force, it is lost labour to paint the eyebrows with 24°5 i.e., it is good luck which prospers a man and not strength, and if he were to try, it would be a fruitless effort, just as to try to make a blind woman beautiful by arti- ficial skill which is of no use. What ^*_2 is to the eyebrows of a blind woman, wealth is to strength.” cººl cº-3% Jas cº–sº 23 (233 ~3% ee. 3 & Cº." l: ****_t =33 (s.33°2's Ltº ill proportion to each hair of thy body; 53 refers to 3-3 2/3 ºw or clº (320 cs" *3232 & , will be of no use, will be useless. **: bakht, fortune. Q3 tº bad fortune, adverse fortune. P. O.-33 Jºº-je (re) 28 &: ~s? »º (Lol) 9.3 tº (c.).5%, 9.2 × 3 93% p & , , eºlº “If you possess two hundred times as many accomplishments as each hair of your body, they would be of no use, if fortune is adverse.” *** **, what can he do, i.e., he can do nothing. Lººs' cº, *** 23 zármand, a strong man, (9.53 strength and 33.9 possessor).p. <= c > 3 > wazánt-bakht, un- fortunate, ill-starred; c. 253 in- verted, ~# fortune. g33.18. <-3 (.31 contrary ses? -śāj. 25% bazú, arm. “” cºyº arm of fortune, i.e., good fortune ; (gºl cs') — “cs 25% a hard | arm, i.e., strength. Cº-ex” ce': is 23% 25 23 cºxsº 452.3% (|&t') oš Jºs” “What can an unfortunate though strong man do? i.e., he can do nothing; consequently good fortune is better than strength.” 93.3 fawā'id, advantages, (sing. 89.3 (?), a. NoTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY XX (X. 73 “, 53 muzhat, recreation, cheer- fulness, pleasure. Lyk (< *, 3% recreation of the mind. + &º fażā, attraction, allure- ment, acquiring; pl. ~ * **, a. . The Bombay edition reads & Go 2- acquiring advantages. -2's 'ajáeb, wonderful. c. 949 -3 = to see wonderful things, (sing. -ºs” — 23 (< −3 = exhibi- tion), a. - L3 gharāeb, wonderful, strange, (sing. rº _3–––3], * Jeº to hear strange things), a. & ,áš tafarruj, travelling, re- creation, relaxation, amusement ; (fr. zoº faraja, on the measure of U-83 tafa’ul), a. p tº . * cy ſolº bºwldán. cities, towns ; (sing, el. Ar. pl. • *), a. sºº mujáwerat, (neigh- bourhood) counpany, correspond- ence, conversation. e M3 khullán, friends, (sing. Jals on the measure of e”); the manuscript reads c > brothers. Jº2=' tahsil, acquirement ; acquisition, (J.2- on the measure of Jaś3), a. ses 2 ste jáh-0-adab, dignity and manners; (adj, º ºx"). 94.5% mazid, increase. --sº maksab, gain. “ multasib, income. (The manu- script reads < milimat or mºth- mat, virtue), a. < xxx m'arafat, intimacy, (acquaintance from -3.7% ), a. elpº 23 (times); world. p. ſh; wagm, verse; (pl. ſ. 2%, pr. <-83.3% ey's] tº sálekān-i-tarikat travellers of (the path) of religion, i.e., religious men (Ulicse are four subdivi 10 * sions in Mohammedan religion, <-2 rº, cy's dukkán, a shop ; (pl. c.3% (39 rºyº ce', ; pr. p. 3 leº & 9), a. cs.” j e = Cs”, 22*. o, you are in pledge, i.e., you confine your- self in, or you have great liking for. U-3 coºl cºº rts khºm, raw, simpleton, contrary rºs. ºw . q . & sº 2 cs,” Jºs' 39, sº-, 2 × 39 “Lit.—O simpleton as long as you confine yourself to your shop and house you will never be a (perfect) man, ; e., O foo) unless you travel you will never be an experienced man. A poet has said on the saune subject :- Cº.) & So $3 23-3 (A5 w 9: S_j^2 _j^* > S > → ~ * * (~3 (.2 ). rºyº Lººs' C-9, es” sº * 2_3 e (tº 3°3', go under the world, i.e., travel. cs:y, cº-cs.” & tº 5 25, that you go from this world, i.e., you die. P.O – e'–3 & 3, e13 'cº cº g283 2 2.x ete jº'cs 2-2 The manuscript reads —, "3 c5! Gºa w 2 (*~3 _{* & lso gºš 25 A. cy: ** 1…o musallam, safe, consigned secured to, a. 2:3 (b #&ife, (body, tribe), class; pl. -ā3 (3 k, a. ſover. S3-, º notwithstanding, unore- << milnat, or muknat afflu- ence, force, power, @. ye, ye Jºš, enchanting dam- seis, (JS heart and 321 from * * $33,1 to hang, cling. 74 NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY XXIX. -º's eley; tº shágirdán-i-chá- buk, active servants. sº bemukámi, at a place, i.e., different place. -- in _yº and rt㺠is 2*, * G3'-( Je (; **!) *3°, 0. cº, 6 g º betaſarruſ géhí, at a place of recreation. 3', owing to, in virtue of. &\o mutamatti'a, possessed of, the enjoyer. *** mun'im, the rich man, a. ~3,3 gharāb, a stranger, a foreigner ; poor ; subs. ghurbat. e5 2.33 khaime zad, pitched a tent. --- (< *śjº made (his court). P. O.-e) tº 3 -º e > 85% ſº (21) 2.5 (→ x, (23 L-3) → * > * 23-3 -$ tº 863 tº 3 e5 cº- ~32 sº 2 e5 2.4-3, 3} + 2, ... Lº • 3° gº “The rich man is not a stranger” neither in the mountains mor in the deserts (for) wherever he goes he pitches his tents and holds his court Some editions read 8 & 23- instead of 8'3' jº and translate it as follows: — <3_ys there. “and takes up his quarters,” i.e., though travelling is troublesome, it is not so to the rich man, because every thing is at his disposal. S Lyo murdd, desire, wish ; adj. exo y Lo desirous; J't-Sys desire of the world, i.e., to have enough of wealth, sufficient means of support, &J (xãº, sº $1.3 J. J. S dastras, within one's power, aid, assistance; (~~e hand and Jºy from Jºº to reach. Sººyº <-23 J.A.'s ey't- destitute of the means of supporting himself. r2: S 3 zál biſm, native coun- try; e 3 ſtolu e o '3 to give birth to, and r2: soil, and land. “Sºl gºlº ~~lsº (; néshanákht, unknown, friendless; (5 not and <<-tº- As tº known). O e sº tº tº sº Cº. 5* r2: • 3 J & ****) Cy” y” & ~~ | <-stšº (; , +3.8 “But he who does not possess the Comforts of life and is destitute of the means of supporting himself, is a stranger aud friendless in his native country, i.e., the poor man is a stranger and friendless in his native country on account of his poverty.” manțak-i-shirín, ( Glasc ejº yº Gaº sweet speech ; logic, oration, and cºyº sweet). -3°. gº-ex” ~~~} sº power of eloquence; (Jeº rºl) z*-a; a fluent speaker. ~3% eloquence; Jeſ; ſes 1) & a man of matured thought; 23 to a capital. 93: (<3 cles Cºx es?, Lit. They y (people) come forward to serve him, they seek after him -le (3 tº *** - L5 2, and honor him. ***, *** cº, . ex=3 waſ ſta, (body) presence. G's ey”, wise man, learned man. Jº misſºl, just like, resem- bling. *b 23 zarr-i-tilá fine gold. The manuscript reads (=*_º instead of sº - “ , wherever, 2*, * J'º . Ješ kadr, worth, value. Cº.; kitnatash, his price. ~3.32.3 cº, Translation:—The presence of a learned man is just like pure gold (because wherever he goes they know his value and respect him). ..". J-2-1 <<3 rºl- 2,5* Lyo •'. J. ſ's 22° 2 ~~~~ • * > 93 25 Notice. NOTES ON CTIAPTER III—STORY XXIX. .75 sº rt: je zºº sº gº, ... evº, Li ºl C-32, •". &jſ 3 Jºe 3 ** 22 •". - exº, sº el; ‘sºj” •". Jäc Caº, & V-3 •". &ki;2 lsº 2_y? g4! ek. ey's G 3 & (3 –93; , the ignorant son of a great man; (~$334 per- sonage 83 (3 born). 12,tº shehru'á, paper money, pieces of leather that pass as money, whatever is current in a city, i.e., notes. (..*& J () e; Lo mánad, resembles. 25 ke because. Jºla; G & jºs dayár, country; sing y's Cºyº gharibash = | > | * > * foreign to it. s' 2×8” cº- gºtº behich, for anything. Joº- or Cºx & 9 exitº, they do not take, they do not receive. gºt? “rºyº 2'2's je by (25 lºš) 99 tº eijº-j (-yº ) “Am ignorant son of a great man is like leather money (which is current only in a particular city), as in a foreign country no one will receive (it) for any- thing.” , “The ignorant son of a great man is compared to paper money.” . “The ignorant son of a great man is only respected on account of his father's position and influence in the place, and not for his real merits, in the same way that the notes issued by a Bank are only of value where such a Bank has a good name, i.e., credit.” *** sº $2, 28 gºlk Ǻr (A gº sº eyes,” 5 ºvel»,3-3 ex- 22 2. oil-o Lytº. Is helpless in his native place; or he confines himself to his native place. coy, 3 darün, hearts, (.2°. ***{{* ***** ghanimat shamá- Sand, set a high value; think most of. ºw (vº-ºw tº Çs” -3.3 &= J'- &A. “Azc * Ja; celºt & o ºx minnat démand, they consider it an honor or favor, ox3's = x33 lºo [son ; pl. cºlºrº, ſ). *, * shahid, a beautiful per- (*1 =[-2, , wherever. “”, e. hurmat, respect, a ci że *** *** > 3 meets with honor and respect, a. - ex} I_r berán and, they should drive out; turn out; we'ly to drive. -3 (3 &= &3.4% Jaś - tº Cºrté = L2' >tº 3' (through anger to him.) Wrathfully. c5-a!! cs"—e';*** cº for. p. 26 kahár, powerful, pl. p. 223- oppressed, averged. pr. p. 2, 3 oppressive. Cº- khísh, his (own; some edition reads Cºx's 3 ye to 2 yº) and relatives, p. P. O.— » tº 54 & 5 y Q,'" 25 le -Vr | 2 | 2 Sto 3 Jºº ce, *** **_y= ex} x_rt; 3 “Wherever a beautiful person goes he meets with respect and honor, though his parents should turn him out wrath- fully.” gººm- * 76 The cause of respect and honor was beauty, as the tradition goes &]] | col Jºs' |-s: Jºe also a Persian couplet. Cºe Sys • * “i 32.2 × Lo G}<> Gº” ex; 2) -a.e., 3 || “.. _º par, a feather, (for rhyme it should be pronounced 23 parr, tashdïd Over re), p. C-3% táwſts, a peacock, 3’ > | aurák, the leaves; sing. 3), (z=* a page, Jºº satr, a line), a. -ā- (22°, mºsahif the Koran, (sing. -āsº") ~Jyko manºïlat, dignity, rank, pl. J3 Go (fr. U3%) as ~J 53° can be equal to 23 Jyº, thy dig- nity. - (hē es? (3) II consider. *** -s” lit., I see, i.e., I think, p >3 lºadr, worth, value. ..º. P.O. — 332' > b c >{k_3 (ex-) .5% (J-5° 25 º ly 3') ſ' ess -º-Lao º e” 23 je 3' Cº- (“When I (the father) saw a peacock's feather in the leaves of the Koram, I said (to it): “I think your homor is much greater than that you deserve to possess,’ i.e., (you) being a worthless feather, how is it that you are placed in the leaves of the holy Koran P. The Mohammedans place the feather of a peacock, slough of a snake, &c., between the leaves of the Korán to keep them safe from the worms.”) Cºoté-Jº Jºy” t-, be silent. 25 J-91 x , whosoever; (the manuscript reads & crºſy, in- stead of 25 C-5 y, zS ). (= 3, , wherever, et ca'; places (his) foot, i.e., goes; sets out. 999 ſe C*: “c” o L3' smºs *=s ºw J Cºº Cº. º. 23, they extend their hands to him, i.e., they shake hands with him and receive him with great respect, (2) It also NOTES ON (; I [AP'ſ F. R. III — STORY XXIX. means “to refuse.” The manuscript reads et CŞ': lsº _7? Gº Gº ej '92 & 33 s lif., wherever he goes they (i.e., people) place their eyes before him (to place his foot on them). They give him a seat on their eyes, , i.e., they receive him cordially and respectfully. Some edition reads Cº. oºj led the reading of the manu- script is preferable. J2-ຠerºs. ~3° 2's muwäfelal, friendship (on the measure of ~le (8.0 contrary coš) lsº ), (b. ? cs rºle dilbari, loveliness, heart- ravishing ; ( US heart, and C3 vº from c. ex: to carry). op ~~#3 & 23 no matter, it mat- ters very little. ſcold). Csx bari, (tired, disgusted, P.O.--soº'e , -89°,-839 ex- *** 9.5: CS2 c5, 5' 393 (2) ex: ***** 22° gauhar, a pearl, jewel; (all editions read the same, except the Bombay one, which reads _jz 5* , adj. C & 57.3%. Or es.” ), 19. 9° gé, say; lit., though. 3 ×e Sadaf, shell. (2 × is redundant & 3 ; the manuscript reads e's 2 el see:8 ~~~ 212° 2' D łczo ) ; (b. 39 dur, pearl, ºys durr-i- Hyatºm, a rare pearl; a valuable jewel; (3 & dur, pl. 2 je durar and *A* orphan; fatherless pl. rºi incomparable; xº~3 motherless (for mankind), ſº motherless, (for beasts), a. cs.” mushtart, purchaser, a customer; (2) the planet Jupiter,a. es 391 Jºë, khush á wazi, the Sweet-voiced one, a good singer. (Jºsé SWeet, pleasing, melodious, NOTES ON CHAPTTER ITT–STORY XXIX. 77 sm. Gits' Jºsé →sº sº-º who). J3.25° -3 (3 . * —x=} behamjara-i- cº e > 1 > 3.25 & # dá wall, with David-like (melodi- ous) voice. ~3'-3" | – U-23 c5!? David, (f -/ • 5'9) used to read the p 533 (the Psalms of David) by seventy different symphonies. At the time of his reciting the J-233 all the birds and beasts gathered round him, and by the charm of his melodious sound all of them fell into swoon. He was well versed in music. Water of the river ceased to flow and the birds fell down from the sky by the charm of his vocal music (at the time of his reciting the 9 × 3 Zabiár). J33 j is the pl. of 733 a book), 0. cº-jary &n, flowing, running (ſº cº- a dysentery), a. e' jºb fairán, flying, a. S, IS 3 (; , keeps (them) back, i.e., (the sweet voice; one in virtue of his David-like voice), restrains the water from flowing and suspends the bird in its flight. } cº"), a. c) (3 tºº mushi &k &m, desirous per- sons; sing. Gºzo, a. ex3  said kunad, makes game of, captivates (pr. p. 33.2), a. The manuscript reads 3% ey's 3 CŞ5 &ºrd arbáb-i-ma’amá, learned men, wise men. (** 59 is the pl. of +3 master and sº, meaning, senses), a. wo intoxicated with wine drink in the morning. (Di- vine love.) º © º P. O. — Jºº Q9: 3's ſº 3121 Q& (3 Cº- zº a zºo *~0 e'84_- “How delightful is a soft effective Voice in the ears of those intoxicated with morning wine, i.e., with Divine love which animates the pious mem generally at dawn.” 25 ke, because, Jalaj J & . cy' &n, the former, i.e., tº 3 c5, (all editions and also the manu- script read cy" and cººl but the Bombay one). ex: 83% rºl U-83 he haz-i-nafs, delight of the sensual passions, sensual de- light; (*= delighted and e, is passion; carnal desire, pl. J.;89),a. 78 NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY XXIX, cººl in, the latter, i.e., Lºš 5,7 c3 5 º kiſt-i-rül, food, victuals of soul; (* 2° kiſwat, strength; but here ** kāt victuals invigoration, anima- tion, and c 22 soul. 2. The Koran. 3. Cs-2 the message of God. 4. The Angel Gabriel. 5. Christ. 6. Prophesy. 7. Divine order. 8. An Angel who has face like a man and body like an angel). P. 0–2 tº sex; "Jºš 3'," 2 “' cº sº eſ (23 L25) --~ crº *> w- “A sweet voice is better than a beautiful face; because the former (i.e., LA, #39ſ invigorates the soul, whereas the latter ( (*25 Cs5J } gives sensual delight).” &e ***, panjum, fifthly. A lea; eº- cs), cº pishewart, an artisan, a mechanic, a professional man. (cº profession and 32 a suffix showing agency. Some editions read c.523 cº: 233.5 , a lowest or meanest professional man. 25 ke, who. Jºe 92 –36 25% gº- basa'i bázú, by the labour of arm. “jºl J tº es; Jele J (as kaſáfi hâsil ku- 'mad, gains subsistence. * 2,31 4brü, respect, honor. (ºf lustre, beauty; and 22 face), p. —tº 3' az belºr, for the sake of, (c)3 bread). Except the manuscript and some other editions; the rest read “2-3)” morsel. S_2: Asº , may not be seat- tered, i.e., may not be lost or may not be disgraced (for bread ). (The manuscript reads & 2),(any able and respectable person, who stretches out his hands for receiv- ing charity disgraces the name of his family; though he may be at the point of starvation, and there- fore that it is more praiseworthy to work for subsistence than to ask any one for money.) cº,égharibí, journey (foreign- ness), 3 > y Jºy” goes on a journey ~3yk, sº some translate it as “he should be reduced to poverty.” It does not give the correct idea. cºs"sakhti, hardship, distress; ~i=" mehnat, trouble; pl. ejas” mihan. The manuscript and other editions read— 3, e sy': S_*} ºs" & Jº — as “ , sis" (he) does not suffer hardship and trouble. (We can say e º ºxas” and Cº) eºs ~~~3) 32 of 3% pårea ditz, a botcher, C - * e (#3% a patch and 3.5 S from cºs 2 & to Sew); (some editions read 33 e º pumbe, a cotton carder). **** 23 Je (; **! P.O. —Jºãº Jº 3 ||3, e 8,923 exº cº-sº 2 Jºs” *_5_j Csº jº “Lit. If a botcher goes on a journey from his own city, he suffers no hard- ship nor trouble, (i.e., because he knows some art, though meanest, (by which he can earn his daily bread).” $ºº cs:* eſte §333" 25 eſ; J's --5 cy”34.3° 33.2% £ºr J'•' & Cº.3 - (C$2 J) “sº kharábí, a desert. & lys: into a deserted place. 233,4 & 9 *...* | * should fall into a desert- ed place. **** mumlakat, kingdom, pl. –9°. The manuscript and all other editions read the same, but the Bombay edition which reads “C*-* –$13 3 from his own i f N O'I'ES ON CHIAPTER III—STORY XXIX. 79 country.” The former is correct for rhyme. ~3° yursane, hungry, (it can be pronounced gurasive also but not here, otherwise the rhyme will be broken), sº gursanagi, hunger; Ant. T,” sir, satiated. ~3 tishme, thirsty, sº thirst. Jo malik, a king, pl. -$34.9. 32.9° nimrūz, a province in cº-º", the ancient Drangiana (*** half and 3.5 5 day. Solomon established this province in half a day and hence the name), p. P.O. —e-S1->3' 33-yº ~$1.25 ' , *:-- 2-3 (2) ex- º l_s? (1) If the king of Nimrūz were to travel out of his kingdom he would sleep supperless. Cs” Ls” –J es ~ | 23-3 | by being destroyed, owing to destruction. P. O.--Lº 322-sº —alº, 3 *:--> złº",5 (21) & e-S). 3' eyes “Lit. If the king of Nimrūz after being destroyed be deprived of his kingdom, he would sleep supperless ; $. e., if the king of Nimrūz were to lose his kingdom he should have to starve, because he is ignol ant of earning his daily bread in a common way. Though he knows how to rule and manage the kingdom, this skill will be of no use to him when he is deprived of it.” 'tº e Sifathá, qualities (praises, Ar. pl. c. 18.2), a. r 9,5 wtº 23 ke bayán kerdam, which I have described ; which I have explained. Jºey's J & 2-3 c5! is not given in the manuscript. ~~!_yl-tº- ***** *** 220 májab-i- Jamniyyat-i-kh ſtir ast, are the means of (affording ) comfort to the mind. Notice the grammatical rule. The subject ([+3822) being lilanimate object the predicate is singular in Persian. (pl. of ~~~~ is sº [*.5°) rºº ! 3 (lā’iyye, cause, -24 tib, agreeable, sweet. Jºe 'aish, life. The manuscript reads C-33 in- stead of Cºe º “ºtºs: 2.5°3' 23? 3 , and he who is destitute of whole of these, i. e., above-mentioned five qualities. Jk tº Jºãº belihiyāl bătil, lit. absurd imagination, i. e., vain expectation. 3'-a'ſ est: 9.9% weye, goes in the world, i. e., travels. jº º digar, any more. Cº., J. goes with e tº 2 '9; it is equal to • * Gºº r" cº-º-º: s , , and no one will hear his maine, nor see any more trace of him, i.e., he will die. J. S., gardish, revolution (fr. J & • ‘to turn. Jº-cs, exaco cº, **** gitſ, the revolution of the world). ſenmity. “1” & 3 (2 p. cºś belºn, for revenge, malice, ~~~~ (got up), ready, in- tended ; here it is aorist sys-->4 gets up, intends. Jºsław yºkº baghair masleha- tash,-3 | *-s cº-3 towards (his) calamity or misfortune. * , ~...,' cs' → ** un or without, and Jºao ***,x= <=*** good, peace, hence cala- mity, misfortune. * J_*, 3 } 80 NOTES ON CIIAPTER III—STORY XXIX. “Lit. (When) the revolution of time gets up for the revenge of any man, fate guides him towards his misfortune, i.e., when the time is not favourable to him he himself becomes the cause of his calamity. cy: e!! J%= Maulvi of ſix y says in his g3° • . S_j & C-5 & S_2: 25 ër 24- (*** •". or cy's ‘3 &zk 2 e5 Jºo c533 x35 kabīttari, the pigeon that. Jº-ex” -36 and J2-oxº cs': 23 e diſar, any more. º & eyºf 4shián, nest, 9: 5 ºr L= will not see, i.e., will never visit, will not come back. (.33 kazá, fate. J. S_2 buraſlash, carries him. The manuscript and other editions read cº-º'-2' sy, Jºr (43 - ſ' | S _5 23 & P. O. — 13 × (43 25 c s ,3235 eºſ ºs exº-. r's rºle sº- e: S → (x=’ “The pigeon, whom fate leads to the grain and the snare, will not visit its nest again.” ~3° re chº gáne, how. r: a. “I kyº Gº J1 J3-2- -3° tº “Lit. Reliance on the materials of its (332) acquiring is conditional, i. e., it is absolutely necessary to place re- liance on the means by which it is acquired.” 43 balá, calanity, misfortune; pl. gº tº or tº 4, , adj. **** a. Jºãº makkadder, predestined, is decreed ; (393), a. ºlº' abwéb, gates, doors, en- trances; (sing. +%) a. U_z= S dukhſtl, access, admit- tance; (U-S ), a. cy S_5_j & = hazar kardam, to abstain from, to shun. The manuscript and the other editions read, 5'5"> abstinence, a. ~= | wºjib, duty, necessary. (pl. c. (2-3), a. --2 3',5'- of J2-2 - 2'3' it is (our) duty to shun the Way by which it.(43 enters). exex, harehand, although, though, e'.' º bígumán, without doubt; (es: without ejº doubt). Some editions read rejº and it is equal to 2+ _31, although. <--läe k >3, it is the condition of wisdom, i. e., reason requires that. tº 33 3' exº~~ justan az darhá, to seek it (i.e., (335) out of doors; (torist ºx-- ja stan, to jump. P. O. — es; e -º (332 °ºyt <--!3e b_j's 'i je 3 cº-e (" ") “Although (our) daily bread, with- out doubt, may come (to us, as it is destined), yet reason requires that (we) should seek it out of doors, i. e., although we may receive our daily bread, as we are destined to do so, yet it is our duty to try for it.” ... … Jº (; ~3° 5' US 23 ye ‘. .33% & lºs -- $J| 52. A •' NOTES ON CHI APTER III.- STORY XXIX. 81 2-2, warche, - rejº 3 and al- though. [death. J-1 aftal, death, (destined cy!, S dahán, mouth; (c', 9 the bit of a bridle, the opening of a valley), p. (, , s 5( azhdarhá, a dragon; * in (, 2 & 3 is not the sign of plural), p. P.O.—e, los’ Jº I gº ºs-5 zerº 22- .2 s 5' ey', a je 3 (“") ex- * 23.4% is durin, 8%rat, in this state, situation, i.e., in the pre- sent (stoutness and strength). Jº pil, elephant. Ar. J**—e “s damón, furious, raging. (This word is always used after the name of Jºg, ºº, jº.) [attack. ſº bezenam, I can encounter, Jºj zhiyán, devouring, rapa- cious. (This word is used to the beast and birds of prey), p. cks' 5 s as”, I can combat. I an coutend with. I can wrestle; 25% grasp, and **3 from Ješ (to throw down). [that. , it is advisable 25 kº, because. Jºl-3 3 & f & e323, sº **b Cºcº", I ~~} ſ <=}~~ am unable to suffer indigence any longer. (The manuscript does not read crº and j93 c5! in the above Sentence.) +o vº • • * * ºw | out of one's own country to travel, to be far off, to disappear. ex- (** gham khurad, feels, cares (** sorrow, anxiety, pl. c.3.3 and exº~ eats). G (§ 7 4fák, world; (sing. G3 tºfuk, the horizon), a. P. O. — fºr , § - 3. Q_y” w_3+ *2x+a+ 2* (, ) ,ºs e tº 12: Gº- “, &'s 331 z*, (23 L-3) ll. “When a man (once) went out of his country, what has he more to care for because) the whole world is his, i. e., when a man has once left his own country, he goes wherever he likes.” J. | b . .” & f l J. Ly” DeSa'ae, in a place, dwelling, 2.3," is tº 25 + …, herkujáke, wherever. Uzºo yo 3 & [comes On. ex! --& , night arrives, night ** º Jº ( L. ) • 3 y çºr ( Cºx's ) g4 5-3 (s’ (*1) ex'ſ ~& 25 (*2, p Gºye “Every rich man repairs at night to his palace, but wheresoever the darwish is overtaken by night that place is his dwelling.” “It is correct to use the plural verb after Jr contrary to English, e. g. some editions read quite a different line.” cs: e- —º /*r Q_3_>}^ 25 *_r, --~ ~~~~ 3 Sys & S., wid'á kerd, bid adieu, took leave. ~~|~ *-*, him mat khást, asked his, i. e., father's) bless- ings : , pl. ºr himam or 63 ºr hamá im, a. e's ely rawán shūd, departed; c 22 is cº' (= f's | from cº © cº, r & behangám raftan, at the time of going, The manuscript reads tº Sºtº ~3,” _5 < & e_3= (3 25 ſ' **** ejº instead cºs ejºs (; ; 2, ºr humarwar, the skilful, inge- mious, (i.e., one who has learnt a profession).33, skill, and 2, a suffix. cºs' bakh fash, Jºº goes with r & r & bekán, according to (his) desire. (G°33 c5!?) his fortune; NOTES ON CHI A P'I'lúR III.-story xxix. cs (sº bejáe, to a place, (lit. in such a place. *, *.cs':-J.-->“cs") rº  |& Cº.5 kash madén and ºnám, exile; Cºx (; 25, where his name they (people) do not know. • *-) * “The ingenious man whose fortune is not according to bis desire, goes to a place where even his name people do not know, i.e., the son soliloquizes for his own encouragement. Wily should I remain here and suffer miserably from poverty? I am quite able to earn my bread, I had better go to a new place.” 13 #4, until. eſ s_3.5 kend re (bſ, the bank of the river. J3-2° cº"; and J.2°, -3 & -º-, sang, a stone; adj. Gº" stony, (cºs heavy, -ºs Sabuk, light), p. Ar. 55° [rity, a. c. 12 salábat, violence, seve- esſ cº, * > ***, stones dashed against stones. ~3, e-, -ºvº Jºjº'ſ, the noise was heard many miles distant. (3'," or exo is that which is produced by an animate or in- animate object, and Cº-º- only by men at the time of tamenta- tion, excitement, &c.). The manu- * ſº * script reads Jº 5'5" (erº in Jºbſ is cº-stº '-wºº ejº and cº- sely s:1 ) -*****, 233 tº cs" farsang, is equal to three miles. Ar. 2~3 cºes sahmgán, fearful, terri- ble, horrible. gºls, murghábí, the water fowl, (8 × bird, and <' water), p. cºal iman, safe. 23Jºe & ejº.5 kamtarín, the smallest. g” mauj, wave; pl. g'>< my auwój, stormy. -º-º-' (siyá sang,a millstone; (it is equal to ºf &”-- ~303-3 -** a stone, and “1 mill). S 232 p > darrabūd, would carry would sweep; (aorist, cºy ye). The manuscript does not read cº after oxº and 9 × 3 × 9 P.O- (**) e^{-es (cºe) ºf cº-5 (2) cy-2' exº sº,” 23 s 25 Q_52 J J & —& (**! 3 tº Jºe” away, cº, guriſhi, a crowd. 2.3 x32 behuráze, with a small piece of money. (Cº3+3 c5!: ) _2~~ mi’abar, a ferry boat; (28 cross), a. oºk exº 23-3 p. 38° “y, packed up the baggage for journey, made up their bundles for the passage. 9 x 23-3 (as -ºs S 13 J be , lit. to the young man the hand of favor was closed, i.e., the wrestler had no money to pay, (pl. of the is tº lac ) in the ecos o is ~30.3 s $3 (x^* ! tº e º zabán-i-thaná, the tongue of praise, i.e., flattering. 82 (*~ | <-3 (.3 bar keshād, opened, loosened (aorist, 93%; yº), i.e., he commenced flattering. however much. [lamented. ey; c.355 he entreated; he *>3 c53%. , they (people in boat) did not assist (him), i.e., they did not comply with his request. cº malláh, the boatman ; * > *** bímurrawwat, inhuman, ess,828 turned away. . * The sentence ~33-c._2_re?? cº is not given in the manuscript exºş 2: here, but it reads it after the following couplet. 25.3 | *** NOTES ON CHAPTE R. III.-STORY XXIX, 83 ey & 25 y25 Zür kardan, to force, to commit violence. 2 * $º 40 sº ammº eº i. ge & *O thou art not in want of strength. ( Cs” (23 9 2.54 e's tº 23 e_* 8 S * & lº cº- 5 “If you have no money you cannot cross the river by means of your strength; bring the money of one man it e., one man’s fare), of what use is the strength of ten men i.e., if you possess as much strength as ten men, it would be of no use to you, because thereby you will not be able to cross the river but the money will be useful to pay your passage fare.” From the above lines we can draw this inference that money is more use- ful than strength. The corresponding proverbs are:– by 27 e_2_y’ > * * > 33 cº-wr. Money | makes the mare go. “33'58,923 ºr Notice. “23° 39'223 Jºy's,” – sº tºº cº-3 JºJº's * ov; eº º'cSA'J'; c. 3% re. cºal fa’ane, taunt, keen re- proach A/r. col) 23-b; 'pt. p. ex-ax taunted. /* ** 33 ºt: Us, heart became exasperated, i.e., enraged. rºl intekáin, revenge. rtāſ *: may be revenged (on him, i.e., cº ), (J. gº tº * *, 2* ex: º, the boat had gone, i.e., the boat had gone at some distance from the harbour. * e's 5'2" &witz dād, he (the cy; ***) called out to the boat- LI) &l I). & ke, saying, 2 × .36 . • *-jáme, garment; pl. lesſ- . ! 89** 23 c5 which I have put on. Jº-ex” G & . cs: 3 &º káni'a, you will be satisfied. (&3), a. “-ºff &ps derighnis', there is no objection, no disinclination, see (33 r" **** 2: 25 ccſ= cy: tº 25 ~~39 & S (53.5 “If you be satisfied with this gar- ment which I have put on, there will be no objection (on my part), i. e., if you will take my clothes and take me to the other side of the rieve I should freely give them.” e_5 &k tame'ſ herd, showed avarice, i.e., became greedy, wished to accept his proposal. e: ey; 5% y Gº, brought the boat back. cºs kashii, is from ejº gashtall, to turn. |a. 83% sharaºh, avidity, greediness, $93 s (lide, eye, (pl. cy's 243 from Jęże to see; aorist; GAA; ), p. 93.5 s : * > , sews up the eye, closes the eye, i. e., makes him blind. ****, hitshmand, the wise man; (Jº ºr sense, and *** a suffix show- ing possession; syn.: exº (9 – *\,\;< or Jº le). . . . . \ 8.4 NOTES ON (11APTER HI.- STORY XXIX, * Sp1 ≤ e dar drad, brings, leads to, entices. (inf ºf 2*). * 8 -3té Cº- 2 J{= z*zo J-2 ce tº &k tam’a, covetousness, ambi- tion; (pl. a '•k (Jeſs (“ ). sº £4me’ sym. Jeye; adj. Ge: x- cont. * Gºac (33; adj. ), (b. &J's murgh, a bird; syn. Jºk. es. 23 beband, in the net, snare or trap; (2.3% from Jº to bind, 2-ºxº CŞ4% ), p. P. 0.— ex3 & **** *r $939 8.2% eſ 39 & 23 (L) ºš J S S >3 he (friend) turned his back, i.e., ran away; escaped. ejoseiſ • ***, they (the boat- mer, and the friend) thought it advisable, [recon cilca. g 2 auls, es''.a., make peace, be Jef wjrat, fare, passage money, syn. 93° . <=^{-x musámahat, acting with levity. (from 2**), a. The manuscript readse' > * cºs sy. , eºs º-'a< * **** evºl.3 c.s” (~~ “They (i. e., the boatman and his friend) did not think of any other remedy than to make peace and enter into a compromise for n 3 y w t the fare. [rel, fight. J.'s 23 par khásh, (war), quar- Jºs' taham, mul, patience, en- durance, (U--> ). jº (bring) € X62 l'C l S62. —33 cº'+* Sahli, gentleness, softness, 8/11. Csº-cayº.aº CŞ': L'33's led zár, contention, strife. (>'s work, and 2 j place), it is equal to 2's 3'3—cºlás cs tº 25 ke=25 lºj, because. Jala: * If F – 3 : a . P. O. º es”, Jºº-yº exe “When you see a quarrel, be peaceable, because gentleness closes the door of strife. There is an 83°l “3-3 in , ; , ; 9s. Notice the e!.43 exº~--J. (3.23 and ** est“; it is a figure in which the poet uses two contrary terms.” coś -*) latáful kun, exercise kindness, mildness. Sº satiº, fighting, from wº- to fight. Sy” maburrud, does not cut; it is equal to 92° sº (from e, e.g., ;) - - .5 cº-e Ux (.5 3° kaz, raw silk. (The correct pronunciation of 33 is kazz), prºp ; ' '.5 kr, &c.," " ... ...; - !'. 3'3' kažáž, a silk merchant, & NOTES ON III. —STOI& Y XXIX. 85 CHAPTER tigh, sword (from 333 sharp): sym. _*.*.*.*. In 333 & 3 there is ~3'-3' cº-23 P. O.--3th] cº- 2 = 1 ejº Cº L, ſº 383 & 23 Lyº; ejº “Wherever you see fighting, exercise mildness, for a sharp sword does not cut soft silk; i.e., whenever some one fights with you, you should consider it your duty to keep quiet and listem to his harsh language and mark his violence, for, thereby, he will be pacified, just as the sharp sword does not cut soft silk.” cs: (33 Jºjº shirim zabání, sweet language, honeyed words; (c)3 nº sweet, cs: e.” to kiss), p. & Gaº benifák, with hypocrisy, hypocritical. 3'-a' CŞ' . csº sitání, a pillar. * >3 c5!? **’imárat, building, pl. 24.8 e 923 cop', a 'invárat-i-undºn, a Grecian building. This was the It sank in It was the pillar of palace of the king. the water. that palace. & S (i.e. -13s , stood in the rivers, i.e., one of the pillars of that building projected out of water. Jºe khalali, a danger, injury. ** s!}< || Jºš, the boat is in danger. 32's diſſºrar, a most brave; (Jo heart, and ºf from es;1 to bring): one who brings heart, hence a courageous man, a brave man. ***323 zürnaud, strong. zº è?" bayed ke, must, it be- hoves. The manuscript reads (~$ 3 G3 3.33 jº aj ley”. **,233 ~~1,333 ye 25 { 92-3 Jº Jºjº r" | Syº, most manly. r (hē khi äm, the rope. (The manuscript reads rºsy, bridle and other ey'.” ), a. ſº a “* 'imarat kumim, we shall repair it and we may avoid danger. 22°ghurſºr, pride, vanity, (syn. 2*’ pride. 2: … is always used in bad sense and Jºs’ in good sense); adj. 22-y”, (l. ra-Khasm, enemy, sex;1 J & heart-afflicted. Q'ºejaj did not think, ~3téo- l, Glhºs “sº (~ Jas Jº ~~ 23 y & L (-Se-Jº's did not act in accordance with the sayings of the sages. . *- ey ººj sº , to wound , to offend. -8° 'akib, afterwards. “="3 ráhat, tranquility, ease. eye”, “ely , to do favour, to confer kindness. [compense. J. 9% pådásh, retaliation; re- Jºseº' inal natásh, do not 86 NOTES ON CHIAPTER III. -STORY XXIX. be fearless; do not think (your- self) safe. [syn. 23–ºes e'º paikān, an arrow, a shaft, : Leº-Cº Leº -> *: they strip off the skin ; ( ~~23 skin, and **', a from ejez y S to tear). * > * **** behukm-i-zarárai, urged by necessity, necessarily, The manuscript reads ess lis * *** * o cººley','º' J-329 cºs^2 cºws º-,-3 necessarily he fell in with a cara- Vall. 4 : o 29% shabángeh, in the even- ing, at night (~& night, and 23 time). 23 where. J 22 × . sk. The manuscript does not read sºls., and - Wr • _yhi khatar, dan ger; adj. JºliLhs °33.2% Je , the heart (of the people of caravan) trembled through fear. All editions except the manu- script read 832) J3 L & tail, 26. 8 o't < *, 2* Jo 3 83 (33 cle |_ ! - rej andám, body. The manuscript reads—wls. *** - ", , , they (the caravan) placed their soul on destruction, S8 ROTES ON CTIATTER III. —STORY XXIX. i.e., they expected death. They thought that they would be killed, egy tº 2% ej , be not troubled, do not be anxious. The manuscript reads:- (tº 3 exe (*= 25 º cy” cº y e * 9. ex: Cs) tº r, ejº beyº 2 "3: 2 <3 cs: 2 CŞ A. Je Li 33% Cºf _5 ey tº eje.* e to sº. 3 Jºs” 3.3 Sy? cº-e *A* manam, I am. J-3 º' lº *** 25 ke, who. J.e.,” “33. ‘tº tanhá. alone : *}} can overcome. *** * y Sy’o 8 (sº I can an- swer fifty persons, i.e. I can en- counter fifty men. & Cº., may help, C3% beláſ, by boasting. 3'-a'ſ es' <& Cº., 3 J.S., (their) heart be- came strong, i.e., they (caravan) were encouraged. <=” suhbat, company. Jºe'º 2,333, they were glad, pleased. e S_2; cºxº~ 3 dastgiri kardan, to help, "to assist: ~~s hand, and cs ** from exº 23 to catch, eis, cº-e Jºſ 2 wº, they (the men of the caravan) helped him (c)3 c.º.º.) with bread and water, i.e., they supplied him with bread and water. [cessary. ei-'s --> 13, to think it ne- 23,3 y Q sex. Cººſ &tish-i-mi'de, the fire of the stomach or belly was kindled, i.e., had keen appe- tite, or he had become exces- sively hungry. -3.3 in se” cºſ is 8_{xº~ | < 3 (23 else 'inán, rein, syn. '^3. & 2, 2333 -> S 3 had gone out of hand, i.e., had lost power; he could not bear (hunger) any longer. 2.31 lukme, morsel. tº ,” 5 ishtehá, with great eager. (Out of keen appetite.) o,5 J2 (33 tanawul kerd, ate. ~123-ºsos about some draughts. J33 s , successively, one after the other. *** (*1 drank. This whole sentence is given in a dif- ferent way in the manuscript, as:— 5 *~ 3 tº Cº., 9 × 9 (3 S-5 J2 (A3 • 23 ye Gº |>< ***** *** *** Jºy” _5: 9 div, demon ; C*> 3 > = 3' exps ( ~3°l A-3 erº ), his inward ; °–º jº, satisfied, appeased. *** ! Jº Cºpe 239, lie. his (ej <^*) inner demon was satisfied, i.a., his appetite was appeased. When 5 preceded by -ā) or cs, -ºj is written as the sign of possessive case and ot CŞ. T &l=32–4, ** 59, ºkº , 6. &c. is • 23 y S Cº '3-, sleep overcame him. (GJ 22.8° e?”) 8 & 93 (te jihándide, acquainted. with the world, i.e., experienced. (e) tº world, and 8.9% o seen.) 23) & ballrake, guide, guard, p. * > ** is 233 & and (Jº ls ** !) Gyêºo mubadrik. The manuscript reads: e'3' cº" 3' 25 cyºtº. 93 (** 29 y & cº; Q9° Cº) | • 3 O J 3.) se-1 e.g. ex- AC “ had _3: Ly”, ºr Cs”) o 8. amassed a few dirhams. s", * ** A Gº tashwish, fear, awe, anxiety. Q) * >'' litriyán, is the plural of 32". The people of a mountainous province of Persia lying to the north- east of Khuristán, and having Kurdistan to the north. The inhabitants are notorious thieves ; (2), shameless per- soms, robbers; (3), also a tribe which is NOTES ON CHAPTER III—STORY XXIX, 39 otherwise called “s'3's ; (4), beggars who sing and beg from street to street. The manuscript reads : * > 3 s? … ex: Gº: 15- tº cº- 3 & of 23 Jºº-yº y e “3 ~…~ 3 wakshat, the dread, ter- rors, a s? (tº tanhãi, loneliness. 2 ea & bed idar, by seeing, by his presence, sight. 3'-a'ſ ce': and 3'→3's is cs: “.. era” from Jeº & *** -3 yašo munswrif kumad, may be converted, dispelled. *** -sºº, for sotne nights. The Bombay edition does not read ºº <533, wakáf, information. (~432 pr. p. -33'3). a. e's 23 giryán, crying, (cº's e- from cº-,3); Jºe 'uryán, naked. The manuscript reads : * and not ºf Ls”. <-- U (~, what is the matter 7 • , ºe L. ce tº S e'ſ jº, has some robber carried off those dirham of thine f (In such cases …to always is used interrogatively) Jºzák & G, the Bombay edition reads: e.” eje 'yº (st” y “ &!!!, y lá walláh, No! by heaven. A yº ~3293, the guard has taken them away. [J. (~$ or U (, as ~l as khaslat, disposition; pl. es; zakhm, the wound ; adj. (ses; wounded. Ar. --> Le elejo dandén, tooth; pl. tº 1933 Ar. J." sin. 3:3 tiz; lit. deep, sharp; mortal. •s ke=zerº", though, “by”. GK some translate it “when.” els; numáyed, appear from Jºe alsº 5", one of the. &_** be’ayyari, by stratagem. ses cºa; tº abie shude, has got into ; has deposited himself. The manuscript reads: 5 [e,e] 2s. 8 & zººx3 to cºyo ext, e ejo cy'” *_** 33 L (; ~2,3 ~32 c s 3 tº G rºy'éº zººs, we should leave him, (c)3 ***) asleep. *J'er: “y 5 lit. and pack up our goods, i.e., and depart quick- ly; proceed on our journey. The manuscript reads: ~$3sty, tº Lº 2 º'º *ść pand, advise, Ar. cºsº. The manuscript reads: 2';*lºes ***, the contrivance was much ap- proved of; pººl ustuwär, lit. (po- werful, firm). [**ke 'azim, great. *** mahábatí, fear, dread. ** Jo ye Jºlex, they felt a great dread of the athlete. * &nge, at that time when. (aſ when.) Jºe 9- G's. -** katif, shoulder. … cººf <35 – AS = <-3G Cºs y < ūs ( , the sun shone on his shoulders, *.e., it was day. • * (s3's 83, he (c)3 c.32) carried his way nowhere, i.e., he failed to find out his way. <-8&o se'e - *,x* Je. s is , CS-92 **! A-23 cº, He (c)3-ºx) placing his face down on the ground, fixed his heart on de- struction, 3.e., he lying down on his face on the ground, being disappointed, ex- pected death. [manuscript. The Arabic couplet is not given in the ***ghurbat, journey, travel- ling ; adj. -->3 cs” basi, often, ever. P. 0.—ex5 cº Q es-5 e's .3 (3 (s” or *** ** 2: 6 g-, -, *, 2* wº'. 23% & 32: G -- ~2,53 as * Cº., 9 12 90 XXIX. NOTES ON C F A P'I' E R III— STORY Lit. “He who has not been on a journey, often practises hardship upon the travel: jers, i.e., he who has never experienced the difficulties of travelling, will distress Notice • Cº-º eye? ey's cº eye 25. The wearer knows where the shoes pinch.” cºwo miskin, miserable Wretch. the travellers. (c)3 sºo) pl. cº -º, a. The manuscript reads: cos" cºyo _) 9 º' e','º' } | * Sºr's sº 25 & 23 êº CŞ° & S (3-3 Cº.” “s yºtº x. $99 Lo 25 ke, in the meantime ; sud- denly. @ 3- (3x C3 & ** as besaid, for hunting, i.e., in pursuit of a hunter. (U& (s ^* |) s (322– Jºl-3 es" * & S (ß-4 Cºx's sº yº, lit. having stood over his head overheard him, i. e., came and stood over hium. C. J.” == "_* ~3° 34-23 erº CŞ.3 (23, hai-átash, his face, form. The manuscript gives: Cºrye c. 29.2 × 23 e 83.8% (3 Jºy, A Sys jº & S (ß) 23:3 (sº I -83 elº Gº!'s Ty & S (3, 3 o' <āş 23 zºº & CŞ-y? eºſ “s 23: $335 (; Cºx, tº lit. his outward (appearance) pure, i.e., (1) he was beautiful; (2) well formed ; he was fat. e tº JºJ’s a 53° 2, and the face of his condition distressed, i. e., from his state it was plain that he had suffered. e3+3 az Kujá-i, - Gº- lsº from where are you, i.e., from what country are you ; what is your native place. U-3 cººl gº #s63123;&###!, how have you fallen here, i.e., how did you hap- pen to come here. ** 33 guzishle, past. The manuscript reads: Gº: ~432, 2% & 3), he related a short account (portion) of what had be- fallen him. [peated. • 23 cº Ste! i-'édat kerd, he re- ex3 & Lºr 3!! & e-ºxo, (the prince) sent a confidential servant along with him. & ey tº 3%. 5-3 31 & 24 Cº., 93 his (c)3 cc &o) father was glad to see him. (~3 tº ºº ejº) ple?”, & W. Gºal! Cºº and 2 | Q: 5 (c33-& Jeza”) from eye; e – c (x > * = e º glad, cy to is superfluous. <āş,& cºſts Gºazo ** 2: 5 lit. on his (c)3 sºo) safe condition he (father) thanked, i.e., the father thanked God for his (son’s) Safe return. The manuscript reads. cºś --! (>3) the account of the ship, i.e., on account of his poverty they did not allow him to come on board the ship; how he induced the boat-man to take him into his ship and the cause of his quarrel and then peace. the violence of the boat-man, i.e., the boat-man plan- ned to make (the wrestler) climb the pillar and then cut off the rope of the ship which he had in his hand. e's ºxy fºlk, oppression of the peasants, i.e., as they (peasants) were selling the water, and he was wounded in the fight with them. ejº V, 5' 393, the treachery of the caravan, i.e., the caravan left him sleeping through the sus- picion of his being a robber. 28-3 ç »” S < * > , the hand of bravery is tied, i. e. (to the needy), the hand of intrepidity is closed. cº- 2.3% , cs: 's 28° S — 33 laš. <-3 (.3 * * a * : - - a ... ( : : Jºãº, the lion grasp “3'-3) *.* NOTES ON X X | X. 9.j. CHAPTE R ] [I-S 1 () R Y 82 (*~ | – c.; in both ºsyº and cº's is cs: e.a. c.3% 2 **** silekshār, a horsebreak- er; a champion, a gladiator. 2” arm and 32% from cºyº to wash. gee jawſ, a grain. ... 2, 3 crº e ºr = e^ 9 °t 223, strength to lift seventy maunds. eſ & ſº “' ºtº j es.” g’, rand burdun, to under- go trouble, to exert ; (the manu- script reads gº instead of goº) & * } - Š Aj * * * lº cº º Ol ç53 (99 y: * Cs.” a”- “, (The corre- -š 3, :*g gº • 23 cº -º and J-2 % s- ºr P. 0. gºº, cº- ~~ Jººs JQ () pains Il O gains. sponding proverbs are a?: cs: eš J tº 2 exº~ *, 2* plaš khagar, danger; adj. -$9,4- dangerous. Lák Zafar, victory, adj. 24ks muzaffar, victorious. Ls? (43,3]. cºex' est 2}_yhé-> cº-3 “unless you expose yourself to danger, you will never be vic- torious over your enemy.” cs.º cºy- lsº c ºx: 2.jls (; “ lit. unless you spread seeds you will never reap the harvest, i.e., no pains no gains.” cº 23, do you not see, i.e., the son attracts his father's attention and says. The manuscript gives, ~~ (...) •e re.” 23 es', Gº rº royº Jºe's <<1, rähat, tranquillity. (ºr in Gs', is cº sº). J-e zºº ** r ex- as Cº 2 re, 21 “and by enduring the sting what an abundance of honey I have obtained? i.e., as I have travelled and undergone trouble, I have acquired so much wealth.” G33 3 c 3.2%, out of (assigned) subsistence, i.e., not more than what is destined. ~}} talab, search. [dolence. Cs); (3 káhel?, carelessness, in- P.O.-e)' >3% (353 B) ejº zºos Lit. “Though (we) cannot eat more than what is destined, (yet we) ought not to be negligent in searching for it, i.e., (the son says), though we cannot get more subsistence than what we are destined to get, yet we ought to try our best to acquire it.” ... ** , eº; ** 5, c533 cellº ghawwés, the diver. ess 2& 301, should fear, should be anxious. *. CŞ kám, the palate. [shark. 2% • e *tj nahang, a crocodile, a zº e 93 giránmáye, precious; —& chang (claw), hand, grasp. 2 . . g se & & * P. O.--& & 2:33,31 U- Lé _3. • 2 - 2 - g º • g &AX) -º-º: 33Jr cººl_* J Q e3S Lit. “If the diver were to fear the palate of the crocodile, he would never get precious pearls in his grasp, i.e., if the diver were to fear the shark lest, he should be devoured by it and would not dive, he would never get precious pearls.” The manuscript reads:– ſº * (ºf * . The lower mill stone does not revolve; 5 yes” mutaharrik, mov- ing; (grammatical, a letter which can be moved either by 333–35 op C*3), a. -- elº bár-i-girán, heavy load, cont. -º- p": bār-i-subuk, light load. 83-y& sharze, ravenous, savage, (this adjective is nsed with the 92 NOTES ON CHIAPT ER III—STORY XXX. names of ººlion, and -ººk leopard only), p. [ghár, den, cave. ey bun, deep, recess, depth; jts ss ºf 3% báz-i-uftáde, the fall- en hawk, the idle hawk, a hawk who confines himself to his nest. cº-exº <-3 (.3 o,5 cs: '3- eye oils 3° 23.2% 3 if you hunt in the house, i.e., if you confine yourself into your house. ºše 'ankabūt, a spider, pl. ~3 tie — « »São 23 cs"? _9 Gºa • S y your hands and feet will grow as thin as those of a spider, (for the Want of food and exercise). P.O. — re 83 × jº 3'3 cy?_j & & 53 * 53 a- y ssſsf 30 (3) ej :- “What will the savage lion eat in his den, (if he does not go out of it in search of game), and what food will the fallen hawk have (if he confine himself to his mest) 2 The answer would be nothing. c53% cººl?” The manuscript reads:– ... -ºº Lº -3% cºys 2-3 Gs" -83 º 3. * >''< x 5's 3 , s: , / meaning. r xex-Jº 3 StåJ. The manuscript gives the fol- lowing sentence"&P'eº *9'3"tº °Cs ex3, *ē),” beware lest” thou be led by this" greediness” to hover" (a second time round this snare *). Cs) (3.3 shigh&lí, a jackal. The manuscript and the other correct editions read, cs & game, and instead of 23 est, they read 23 °' it happens. The manuscript and other edi- tions read cººke and not 29%+. Moral.—A man should not expose his life to danger by leaving his native country in search of food, if he is able to earm his livelihood in his own country. i (Wide the Moral of the following story). —sºcCºcº- 2 (5 < * Story XXX. negání, a jewel, gem. cs jº' angushtari, a ring. gº e8= Cs5% bari behukm-i- tafarruj, once for the sake of amusement, once for relaxation, a. Jºe's khásán, favourites. 3 º cs”-a- musalla-i-shiráz, name of a roost pleasant place at Shirāz; where all people gather on holidays, ( ***) and say their prayers. It is otherwise called 3L & 83 °4°. Here the most celebrated poet *** is buried (Jelaº place of prayer, oratory; a large field, in which, upon certain occasions, thou- sands of people congregate to offer public prayers). *** **ś gumbad-i-’azud, the dome ! of 'Azud (name of a celebrated mosque NO'I'ES ON CHA PTER III––STORY XXXI. 93 in Shirāz, probably built or repaired by 2] , eſſ ***). J.3%) , ſex, says “a beggar named_yº”" went to the king z/2 e'ſ e-ºe and requested him to pay a certain sum which should be sufficient to build a dome. The king complied with his request. The beggar built © • 2 the dome and called it *** **** (after the king’s name).” * S_3 +...a5 masab kerdand, they fixed, they suspended. [&l= halka-i-angushtari, the circle of the ring. ** 238 cººks' 281-3' cººr yº “whosoever can send an arrow through the circle of the ring.”? A&Q ſy,' fºls khátim tará bashad, should have the ring, should be his property. 3|a ! -8- hukm and tz, skilful; (rks absolute power, 31°3' from ey's 1931 to throw, he who shoots his arrow at the target without fail). ejo,3 (his clº-, all missed; (c) = in grammar a sentence). _{* magar, but, except. cº e >5 kaudak, a boy (from oxº dung). The child obeys the calls of nature any where and at any time, hence the name, p. b%, ’º bám-i-ribát, a balcony sºº of a caravansary. Jasłº “ !.3 | i. /* ſ' " : & ~, ette Cs22° 2 s, had closed the door against the world, i.e., had given up worldly society. lašč aghniyá, the rich, (sing. sis other pl. ºº), a. oj (+) **r 2 cºjº, in spot. (22 S tº biºd-i- sabá, the Zephyr. <3, bye beharbaraf, on every side, at random. [conveyed **31338, cause to pass into, * I e s 33 1, they bestowed (the ring) upon him. G} , raunak, (the splendour; elegance) repute, glory, eitº CŞ'ex. may remain for ever. • ?: 3 geh buwad, it sometimes happens. 35 kez=3 || 25 cs' cº - ſº-, a wise man of enlightened understanding. cºsyº & tadbiri, (contrivance) opinion, counsel; pl. Jº 33. P. 0–~~je ce.”: 2 2s ex: 28 ** 2° cely ejº y r*S*3 *** 86 géh báshad, it may be, it sometimes happens. cy' et médén, unskilful; (G not, and cº-5' 9 to know), p. alsº beghalat, by (mistake) chance. Gºal! CŞ". -3 ºr hadaf, target. P. O. — cy's Ü cº e >5 •S e3, tº * (* 233 -3°. hº cº-wºº, Moral.-This story is related by the father for the conviction of his son (hero) “That sometimes a fool also is success- ful in his attempt without the least fore- thought ; but such cases are rare.” —Q- <2% Story XXXI. Lit. “And to the kings in the eyes of his courage neither pomp remained nor awe, i.e., and in his magnanimous eyes kings possessed no dignity what- ever.” ey eºs J 12" > S >>< y, to open the door of begging on himself, i.e., to beg. 94. NOTES ON CHAPTER III.-STORY XXIX. &_** {3 tº bemírad, until he dies, until his death. [want, 's niyāzmand, needy, in P. 0.—e (3.5 • 23-y: Jººsje 28 y, Q_53 exo 5ts; &_yº lj i.e. 5 Lit. “Whosoever opens the door of begging on himself remains in want until (his) death, i.e., he who is addicted to live on others’ charity, will never like to earn his daily bread by his own exertions through his whole life.” 3ſ 42, ambition, greediness. 3|& 37 give up ambition, be contented. cº es; tº sº, be a king, rule as a, king. JJ 9° C & (3 &b fame'a, ambition, covetous- ness. & b & = & G a contented man, agentive noun &oºk . 33: 2.x); buland buwad, is exalt- ed. (The correct pronunciation is baland.) ejº e º sº. 3 & 37 give up covetousness and rule like a king, i.e., be contented with what you have and you will be as independ- ent as a king. ex***!" & bus e exº, the neck of a contented man is exalted, i.e., because the contented man will not be under the obligation of any one. The manuscript reads 3Lºſ 83,323 ex: “bs 3 & 2 <3, Cºyº Sys cºyº, l isharat kerd, intimat- ed; “$2 Jºy (43° went to pay him a V1S 15. & 23 tawakku', hope, trust & 53 ~~1 ely: yº 34-2 (.3% relying on your benevolence and courteous character, I (the king) hope. exts -8, Lºo muwéfekat kunand, º partake of; i.e., you partake OI, - & cºs | >< lcl; “. . ejº, you would partake of my bread and salt, i.e., the king requested the durwish to eat his meals with him. ele (232 ass Shaikh razádád, the holy durwish gave his consent, the durwish accepted his proposal. 23ſ fºss' behukm-i-ámke, in conformity with ; as. cºxes - (< 1 ifábat-i-d’awat, the acceptance of invitations, (agentive noun from c. 22 S is cººle inviter, and pt. p. 22.9° one who is invited). ~3° sunnat, the tradition of the prophet Muhammad, custom ; (pl. cºs sunan. JéL3 farz, a divine command 3 3 cs' ~& S > ce Ste & ºvels -54s khilāf-i-’ādatbūd, was contrary to your habit. k (* simát, table cloth, feast, banquet. ex1 ~~! » waſib, it becomes proper, it is fit, it is right, _yº Cº-c esº = cº- (s_º _2 | “…o Qsº <<> to sleep), p. Jººſ éghish, bosom; 3 s 2-3 eye, Cºx-Jºséſ, to hug one- self in his own arms. ** shikam, belly; jº, sº igno- ble, vile; gº & pích pich, lit. twisting, i.e., the intestines. ey 193 Jºe Sabr medarad, has no patience. 93-3, may put up with. *** behich, with anything. 25 ke, so that. (A-33 G & ). Moral.—We should shun the company of kings and noble men, for it leads us to entreating and flattery and thereby we forfeit the right of contentment. A COMPLETE INDEX TO CHAPTER III. ~~~~\-y- Page. Col. Page, Col. Page. Col. CS' | 2 | 1 Gül 25 || 2 |ºcºl. 46 2 G(23 3 y 2 3 cºs^2 eſ 26 32 &c. 25 J-31 35 25 &c. cyleixles: 2 3 > y &c._º • & 27 s? Le | 47 l jºis. | 3 || 2 |}|ºtº ºle 28 &c. º 3' | . . . set, A. | 5 || 1 |&c.” w', º] | 29 || | es” sº , || 48 2 ~<2< . » 2 Q} 30 2 Jºj - (3 3| 22 1. &c. 53° j 5 1 *** || 31 ,, Nc. ** (hºw 50 22 <-2-1 2 3 2 5 • (s” 32 3 y c) (2 ($. 5 | 51 33 g *g eſ > y 33 &c.3% ºu.s'; 22 2 3 we wº 83 2/1 53 2 w?' 6 35 --~~,43 Lºsſ 33 1 cy oxº (s" 51 33 cº Geºl 7 53 Jºk'., Cº) |-> | | > 5 5 C. (83.3 | | 53 l Jº! t < * >3' 9 2 (-57 | ><}_3 34 2 &c oš iss | cº" | 10 | 1 “(31 || 35 | 1 }| 2-& (6) Cº.31 53 2 &c.(1)*(*-ºſ 22 2 es’ 2-3 º s' 54 22 e's el;" 12 35 -e J, 37 32 rjº 55 35 r x/ 13 55 cº!'s (** | 35 3 5 r: } QSA~ | 32 2 w Qū fºr 2 _yº-e gº rº/ 25 2 y **) 22 3 5 &c. c.12'ſ 35 25 2 16 55 (2)--Geº ºf 22 33 233;ºf 56 l & Y * *** | 17 | | |*|| 88 || > || Cr; o' 3" | , , , e exº e. [83] 22 3 * 3.x: ' | 39 1 &c. 3' 3% 2 3 2 * * º * , º * R. tº 18 ,, U** G 3-3 || > 2 &c. ºf 57 I t (~2% | 32 33 & Jºy, 23 l 3 × 5 y &c. -ºk, ' | , , e'•'ſ its - (=?) 2 . . . e. f | 2: A. J. " ' " -i- " &c. º°. 22 55 coºp º 33 25 e's | - 3 3 33 —wº ey! …, | > | y, ey (33 || 4 | &c.e. tº crº 3 || 59 || 1 298.3" | 23 2 * | * | * &c. 23.3" | 60 2 2 lekº w8' | , ,, &c. -º," | | | 2 |Gºs -91 61 | 1 iſ 24 || 1 |&c.f. slees' a' 44 || 1 cº S1 | y, 2 &c L33 e5 w;"| > 35 &c.; sº 83; 32 2 Gºsſ 62 35 Jej" 25 2 &c. re Lº | 33 23 2=31 63 l - cs 3 × 3%" | 25 l exº y (83°l 46 l Jºel 64 2 13 98 IN DEX. | Page. Col Page. C * 3.0 €. tº e- Col Page | Col. • —- tajkº 5 † &c. cºst| 83 | 2 léic. &="e13% 47 cytsj"Sº I 2 ... • ? - _y": 2 55 “tº re-f 84. –Kºš (J &c. 13 | 66 *\ * * } *~ (.0% tº: 55 • J CŞtº: } Cºo ey." | 85 | x, *~ || 49 º 3 - || || 67 e " -" • * . . 35 2 31 86 1 & 53 82°1_sº & ex- º: ,, . 2 &c. c. (A-3 || 87 , 3'-3 55 33 C. -*** ! 69 l ce; 23. 7 5 2 3 is- 53 33 cy}< * * (**! 3. ** 3 (33 | * ºn C-5 * 53 55 3 ..., , ! 33 3 evº , 2 | cº -5 ($ _º J3 L: 3' | , || 2 |& plej 2:234 || 88 l Jº Jº 50 es; 3' • 70 1 &c & ea c Cº.;1 § ; : () 2 ** ><> *}= | | 7 | l. 3 & • 33 33 _y _y: 22 º ,, . tºº ! :º 3 || >, | 2 cº-º 51 º 2 *_* } * 3 2 CAAzo [...? 5 § 2't 1. & ,” tº 53 e &c. x• ye? 25 72 33 21-3' 89 I —%l, § 55 2x ey're j99 || 73 , , | << * 2 3 & 3 3--" 2 2 e ſew to ***'.3 - |x} || 74 ,” “ . 3 ſ' ºr ( 3 x 23ſ 5 3 ..!.S.A., 53 > y (="f 75 3 (s-5 33 eyº oo , * ! . . . 55 e3 = 3' | 90 | 1 cº-wº y (5' 55" | 76 || 1 |&c.25,3's* _* | * | y, ©º * & * * 39 55 Sºsº ****, 2* >9 2 S cº, St ſ' 2 3 5 i... -9, -º e Sy; sº stel , || 2 | 2 33.5 2.3 x3" | 9 2 y es--> -s; *D 2 2e3"| ". ... . . . ſºlº * - & e 3.5 SºśJ'ſ 2. wº e 55 cº-º-3' | . sº * | 1 << … 55 | 1 ,, . » (exºle ºil 33 || 93 2 ; l. 2- s' 79 } tº'ſ 3 3 l ** e. * } 2 J.J. i - C * 2 -> *8. &c. clºs 512KM 29 2 &c. 3 |AK, 37 94. 9 ***** 23.3% 35 5 y l, º * - || * * * e y 3 ºf . . . • *, * | * | | |&c.cº. 56 cy tº 80 1 &c. --- (- i tº l & º j } Q * (*. — tas' J §§ { jº *J Gs. * Q_y? 53 5 5 e ſ 53 53 _wº 8 9- 95 55 rº ey's & 2 * 33 2 § 31 } - 2, : I <3 52 U*_2: ,, . , |&c. ex:3'Cº 3 Lº- & º * • , ; ; 3 35 3 y 5 y C. J.5 ° 50 I (3 &c. - 53' ; & (3 ...” J ‘7 | >> 5 y g * 5 y 5 3 C. c * & 7. 2 &c. << *; 23 58 l 29- 81 || 1 || &c. & & 3" | 90 j (sº &c.cº. . 1: . | & 25 {-5 s: y 3 * gº , |&er 2 º' 39 || | * 59 . . (3 (37 3 y j 7 &c.cº.” ! 2 º 33 &c. Jº',' 82 • **s - Cs.” . , , 35 y 2 yº-_y? 4 ) 59 &c. es"> Q3 cº' 3 S’ § º l º º º 29 3 y 2 * 3. y) 25 tº tº c àJ sº Al u-S-A- (*~1. 9) 2 ūl) ** * 52 e J tº 43 2 &S 2 (335 | | 83 J_3_j^*: ! G”! » , 3 y 33 ſ' 3 y 8 yaº 47 (*** { \} o's 331 l 3: I & 3 60 | 1 33 3 ) e', '+' , lºs - 35 .V: } } $ 2 INT) EX, 99 Page. Col. Page. Col. Pag. Col. cy!”.' 60 2 &! 74 2 ****) • S_2=3 | 84 l eſ U2_2^3 61 1 |&c. Cºo es: 5 5 2 3 ls (s” cs: 32 y y 999: Jº ,, ,, . &c. & Sl; -9% 75 l ** 1 p & ,, 9 3 cs': " . , *** | * , ,, . &c. <=}<- 55 2 Cs.” o,339 62 1 &c. & o'; -82.3% 2 y 5 5 &c. cº_º 85 l 3. * & º * cs: L-3 || > 3 5 ejlo l, 2* 2 3 » |&c.csº's 3-3 | y, 32 cº- 2 3 2 3 &A) Lº 9 3 5 5 cº_2: 9 3 3 y ** * tºº &c. 283 (~! 5 3 2 Lºrtº 22 33 25 e4 lº 2 3 o_y?? 63 33 *_j e 3 * | y, 5 5 8.3% 53 92 Je. | st 64. } } ~}** 2: 53 5 y &c. &c (~! 35 2 c532) 3 y 32 2 3 &c. tºº 3 J. 2 tº Jls 5 5 3 y & ºr •, 2 ~~~~ | , | 1 Jºº | * 83 (+* | , , ~39 3_r} 5 y 2 &c. Cs 92 rº 78 5 y J. 35 32 * • 2 & it 'ſ * | *, , 23 tº gº.-2 || > | *, ***śl -" - || ,, 3 * -> "Jº" 66 | y, 92) sº y” | | || 2 |&c. 23:33' exº 87 ºn 2 * * * * & 3 * Cº.) 3_y? | 68 *J. L= | | | | –93 * g rº ." &c. , sº sº J.J. (2 Jūs' | 79 2, * } * * 5 y • (5 * 5 y y 3 *: 2 Q-avs (3-24 Jºš 55 2 fa & 93 p? &c.cº. 9 º' 5 y j 5 * F_l * Cºº? e. p As”* ...A.&J * * 3 y 5 * § 23), Cº. _y:-- 5 y 5-y & Lºs &A e 69 2.5 * _3% - * , s , ºil & 70 Cº., s_n | 80 | 1 sū, ” | * tº e cº" “. ” &c. - (*~!? | ,, 2 “. . . . ! --) J ex'ſ cy's ,, 2 34. 3.5 5 9 .. g 5 y > 5 * < & *** *J ÖAJ Cº., 8 ***) 35 7] | ey'...} cs? 25 y _2: y -- 9 3 5 y tº wº 9 • * 2.3% cº_58? y 5 3 y ſº 8] 2 3 &c.ºrks 5 5 52 23 ° i • c) (33.3% 2 3 2 cs L-3 l fºye | 88 1 º es & 2 * * ..l., 933 (~! 2 3 5 5 co" ſº $3.3 5 5 2 &c.cº.12 J*** * 5 5 x ** 220 y” — tº 72 92 cºs; 2 3 2 3 2 les ey | 89 35 e3 tº 23 $3 22 55 r & 9 3 5 5 Q-52 tax. 3 2 35 ** * J <= | ,, : 9 Cs 's' | 82 | 1 l (sº | y, 2 5.3 l; 25 53 zº L34 55 ; 3 &c, (*) *** 5 5. 5 5 cºs' 55 55 j } S_2^*_2: 52 25 • 23 o' ye! 2 : l tº as 39 25 35 &c. c): sº 5 x 55 N Öººd. 90 3 × Cº) | el. 73 1 |23 & (śrso J 3.5% 83 y 5 &c. Cºx's es'); 3 y 35 Q_5=3 lº 53 2 &c. 23 Cs? 2 3 22 &c 3 | “sex: 3 × y 5 Q s” tº: 74 I 32-33 || >> ,, . G325 c > /* 9 | 2 st ºf g28% | S3? 3 × *A* 2: 84 2 | –Kºw e'2% j% } } 3 * 106 INDEX. Page. Col. Page. Col. Page. Col cy? | 92 1 |&c.—ºscº | 12 I ! •3 283,8-cs,” --K- ç5 '2' s? 27 1 g-ºf- º º 3 y 33 Gºa, CASE; 2 3 2 Cºs"? º, Ç º Ǻ 3 y 5 2-" º 52 2 cy” 5 5 25 J 9 (2.2 ot. cº-º'cle is , , _P -> y y 55 . p º y 5 35 t’ Q_j\}_y: 5 3 5 y &c.e.9%, sº- 28 2 * 3_j^_rtº * | 1.4 - ºr- - - Jº, "| " º | | sy'ssº~ || 29 || 1 º 1. g 5 y 22 2 55 2 2:31 (3 2 g tºp q 5 * *3 35 9 —y? Lyº 55, Q9 . | * -AJ &c. pe 3.5- J 5 &c., cer”, zºº 35 J“” Lº: 35 3 2 Jo -” | x > | y, ç59)".5%: 27 | y, &c., s 291 (a • * * 29 &b sº 94 | 1 “tº , , ,, alsº 30 exº eslº 3, .<^* sº 1 . . . . . .” , , CŞ": 7": •, 2, &c., soye buº. 3 x \l & --> | 32 53 &A. 92 ***hº 33 &c.c5%é-L-38, 2 7 [s: * 55 &c.º.º.º. " r”'. . . . ejº º , || 2 2. sº Ü A: - º . - J 29 3 5 3 3 s” 18 1 &c., s? (s.33 || 34 - 237 *śas: Aj , ! 32 2 º & 4 1 c.3, #29.3.3 5 * 5 3 2 > 5 e's jº * */co,3 …}, g * 2 3 º º) : 3 y 5 x cy o!tº 32 l Jºsé 32 _y? º: &=? 95 eaſ cy's' | 19 2 (=? 5.5 59 : CŞ º tº: ** o 5 5 - *_j _y". 55 c oxy'ſ 2 3 2 3 55 l » JºJº • o to CŞy” 35 55 . . . . .” 2 * c) * > 1 > *: 5 3 22 ~3. 2 _yºr CS3 ‘. . ~ 2 3 º 33 35 3 21 1 _9_y? \; 36 1 gºt 2 3 3 2 º 35 2 º S !- : ) º 55 5 )  37 º, ~ ej & 22 || 1 cº-sº cº, & • 35 || 2 3 | | | | ..) 2- . 35 y? J c) Tyl-33 || 1 || 2 J'Sº tº 32" | * | * cs • * | 2 | 1 exis & tº 2. 55 - Lº | | | 2 *~(~ | " . ” &c. &3 L.A.A. | 38 || 1 <-- _yº 5 5 2 3 SJ' S “sºr º 5 5 2 wed l 㺠&c. &=? 6 (-)^ * º 55 32 ſ' g * 5 2 Cyß y? 32 25 < *ś , ! 39 &J (*- 2 | *A 2 º 25 CS g } } Cs 'Lº 24 l sº |-|x} . . . . & jº 843 , | y, US cº-> * 5 5 55 ** 3 & 1963 25 9 3 rºs: • * ~ *.) hº (~~~, - ** wº 5 5 5 jº 7 || 1 |&c.33, 4.5527? | >, 2 -8233.9 || >> 5 J tº wº 2.5 ** 9 5 y _yº 53 j 3 oššo 2 ** A.J i ! --) - 55 & 11 º 2.jls” 26 || 1 cs • Jeº || 41 || 1 g AJ g © . * c) *** | , , &c, esp21.2% 5 y 3. ... I slº j'. 5 2 c) '...)": 22 5 3 y y 5 * 22 55 C) LS: 2 3 2 ^: ; ; ; ; ;) sº , | 2 |&c, 89-ſels? , , º 5 2 INDEX. 101 Page. º Page. Col. Page, Col. ) _2?? 42 1 c) es: e. (3 65 1 l &c. cosys 233 21 I º (=? 5 5 35 º (*3 35 2 &c. &zo 23 24 2 2. cs: 5 5 2 e's e | 93.3 5 5 9 x <--ó 25 35 ***r ~23 3 43 | 1 8 & 13 69 || 1 ~3-3 || 32 , Jºe (sº 2 3 55 &c.<-elas cs: 7] 2 Jºs’ 55 35 Cº.,3 32 55 &c. C*_5 (k _y: 76 1 &c. -$23 55 53 eč cs: 35 3 5 (**3 33 95 f** | 78 , (.333 || 3 || || 1 > CS X.5 2&A- 3.5 } ) jºl; 55 55 32° 5': ' , 2 c; 35 | 2 C) 'yºkº 7 1 _5_5 ° zº J } 35 ç2.2% wº 36 5 y &c._4-J-3 | ,, , * | 81 | 1  ||37 || 1 Q & Q_j^ sº 14 2 fººl ye 2=% 3 y 35 J 3° Jºjº 59 35 tº º C*: 16 52 Qºş gº 84 9 3 85 y 5 53 C5 "tº Or cot: | 9 l &\} | 8,8 ~& 5 D 3 y _3_j 8 y (j 5.5 55 essex: 22 J: “y: , &c. 23 – 333 38 2 ***_y: , , , , , J: '•' | 85 , 23-3.jex} | 39 || 1 eye-1 Gº || 27 | ,, wº: 86 || 1 | c. G. S << || 41 || 2 ~393 || 31 | 1 23-3 || 87 2 s' | 45 | 1 ex'ſ e: & 40 33 * >3 5 5 25 _y” s 46 55 ***** 5 5 ,, . &c. cJ.5° zºº 3 * 52 * 47 2 &c. w°23 48 || >, |&c. &c & sº | 88 || 1 &c. Jºãº 53 55 zºº j } 5 J es: 89 Jºy” 35 55 _y; 45 53 &c.j'eseº 90 55 A*3 || 48 1 &c. L. 93 || 46 2 | c.g., * *** | ,, 35 zº ,, 2 ^** lè; 47 , | c.5 Ǻr tº ot; 94 l *** sº 51 l 23-3 || 49 5 y gº gº 95 eº-sº 25 55 S.23 cºx º'? | 51 l Óð * 53 || 2 Jº:4% , , \s-" :** 2° 54 || 1 ex zºº 54 , 23|33 || 3 | l ex-3,3| 55 , (2) *323 55 3 y L; 7 2 &c. “º 56 35 **)' | 56 , cºšaj | 11 || 1 cs--9 || > | 2 CŞ 923 » 35 &c.,k's cº-3 35 35 g_º 60 l ex$23 57 ,, . &c. & Asti | 17 2 &c. sº 32 93 ziºsº | 61 || 2 |&c Jºlº 18 || 1 ç23 64 2 _*: « 6.23 3.5 93 ~3 × 35 55 453 (3 | 66 | 1 Cººl: 63 33 **_ Q33 23 2 g-º 73 33 102 INDEX. Page, Col. * Col. Page. Jyas' | 73 | 1 23'→ 40 || 2 | &c. ºº ex3 27 &c. cy'893% 3 5 2 exº Gº &= 41 1 e, 1,3-º 2+ 30 Głaj 80 1 ſº __y= 5 y 2 * 89'> 32 G 82 55 css,” | > || 44 T cºas" eº || 41 J.s' | 84 ey ºf ele= | 46 , 8's 53 & 5 2 55 8 (→ 55 55 -s tº cº- 55 cs • 23 Jeº 86 || 1 ejºs 47 , Jº 55 G5 ex3 87 2 &ºl= | 50 55 cº *** | 57 (+$3 88 1 &c. 5* > | 53 2 93.5 2+ 59 o,5 J2 (33 2 3 2 |892.9 g ex= | . . 55 *** tº 6] Cºxº , , * * * * | * | 1 |&c. 23 esſ 25 || 65 8 & 233-3 | 89 || 1 gº | * | , &c. 2,3 | 66 &c. ºº ej , 2 &c. 3'- | 89 || 2 | &c. ex: 2s | 72 &c. gº (3 || 9 | 1 &c çs?'tºº 6] » |&c. Cºx- cº 77 2333 92 || 2 , Zºº || 2 || >, |&c. & Jº J2+ | 81 &c. 25.2°, 9 || 93 1 - (s” 21++ | 64 55 9% tº 23 83 cº º , 2 ejº e = | 65 l 283 leº | 84 º,” G | 94 | 1 ** 69 || 2 |&e Jºe: , • ,5 –ºh!3 , 2 - &= | 73 || | Cºx - cº- || 86 * - e sº _* | * • 23 rºº , , ** cy"; yº- 77 55 -*** 9 l cº-3 | 66 I º e3! exº~ | 80 2 &c. 9_2~ ** | 92 tº 94 || 2 | &c. 9 o'>= | 89 || > | &c. cºe , •= _y= | 86 l —&= | 95 & &c. 15 e L- 87 ,, º **** 1 2 &c., 34t. e's 53 2 C cyte 2 1 8 & 33 (~ | 88 35 ~}~ I zole | 11 2 a * > | 90 , cº_ (3~ || 6 cºs,. A 25 | , |******** | 98 || 1 | &c. & A. | 13 &c. eſs 26 ~e tº 94 &c. (3= | 14 ~} * 29 55 c5S's 15 wº-1, cº- » 35 & < 75 2 _yle's a^*as 55 2 3 ~& '' 75 2 e'84,< | 77 , •=\;= 33 || 1 C*::= | , ,, C-8, he , , , ç »s">+| 36 , Jº Jºsé 76 | 1 J3-a- 80 ! sex- 5 y 2 Cs) 21 Cºx- }} 35 cy ex$3 &= | , 2 ey less 37 , J? L- 78 , 2 (2= | 86 || 1 ~~ x- || 38 || 1 cº- 85 ,, Ǻ (*~ 87 2 3 sº- 39 55 r Ula- 55 35 ***** U ls | 89 35 Lsº |-| 43 rºa- 55 35 &c. &l= | 93 || | | &c. ºs” , , , Lºs 86 , 3 | Q3 *S* 35 5 y &c. &4 les | 44 I c. *** "X- 55 5 5 &c rºse 93 2 j-i- 55 2 &c. Cº | ><> 55 2 _y== | 95 | y, --~~~ || 45 | 1 _j'aé | 87 , 33° W, 48 2 | >, ** | 57 || > |&c. Jºsſ s 11 | . cº, e > b (3 | 13 | 1 &c. --> | 58 | 1 Lºs | 5 || 2 Cº-º's , 2 &c. Jºsé 59 , fº'ºys | 89 || 1 ey & Lºs 14 l Lºs | 60 | 2 c5! • 11 59 cº- Q& 17 2 ejºys 55 53 (t) 3 | 12 33 &c, JJs 19 | 1 - 3 & 61 | 1 &33 3 | 14 , 104 IND EX. Page. Col. Page. Col. I Page. Col. 2 * * 16 I Csº, o || 51 I &c. 23 – Jº S 72 1 &c. cº-ex-ys | 17 | , |&c. --,-,-, 3 || 53 2 cº-ºps | 73 2 cººl • * > | 18 , cssº-e , | 1 3' s 75 l 3' s 19 55 ~~: ; 3 54 55 (*) 5 J } 35 5 y &c. * > * > S 22 || 2 || >>< c, 33 3 || 55 2 &c. --~ 3 || 76 ,, ſº y 3 || 23 l cº 5 * 35 55 es.” Ö 55 2 &c. **) J 55 55 CJ & Ö 5 y 39 **** J } 5 J 5 y ***r 5 S | y, 35 & –) s tº 3 || 57 l rº-J-sle Solo 77 l g *J tº ) e || 30 55 .. y 5 95_y? cy 'te J Ö 55 35 * > 2 ° 63 5 5 “y” as pe 55 25 & 6 eleys 55 35 {º} &c. 3 r's 25 55 ey's & 55 Jy t; ſo | 36 || 1 |**):= & 23 , 2 S-53) J & 82 2 c5* > * 37 55 “…o lº 5 y 55 ex'ſ, (***) S 83 55 &c. Já', 3 s | 40 , cºs | 64 ~~~~} { * &c. ºr 55 3’ & J S 55 55 J 9 & 2 × 41 | y, * *** | * | 1 || 332 S sess , | 1 § 23 S 55 35 &c. Jew Y 65 > y eyſ e 84 55 Jº e L → 55 2 º: 55 55 cº º 55 55 &c. -s 42 , Cº) ' ) > | y, 2 &c. 25 & * 3 | , || 2 *9 3 * } } * º 95 53 2. 93 ] & eºs' ºf ps 85 32 cy's le S 44 || 1 –733 y º , || 2 y st & S 5 y 2 flax cs%3 55 55 J_2 & 9 35 35 ejº (; ~~~~ 3 || 45 l •e U 9 63 l 89.331 J & 25 59 ſº A.) &c. _y? Jo 47 y 5 2 (ºw º 55 25 ***** 86 25 Q) ', c) 48 55 q's "3 O |- 69 55 &c.gº-3-ºws 87 l &c. e. tº , 95 sºil S | 70 55 *}_* J & , 57 e g ., & 6 gº cy!”; J_2 ° 99 55 f*** > * 35 25 & 45.5° US 88 2 ſ Özo 1 3 d 59 2 &c. 3 be ~~ * , 2 wº, s-ºws 55 1 , 2 . r * d : , el's 323 | 73 || 1 %3 , , , ~3,339.93 94 || 2 |&c. tº csx. 75 || > ** 225 | 72 , J.S | 95 | I | & lei < *; 77 , r2: • B | 74 || 1 &c. p 3 ** 5 X 3 2 oxº 23-33 78 55 *23 2 3 2 © * g.º. 3 || 79 2 tº Jºy | 82 || , 5 &c. &_ 80 1 ** sy'3 , 22 _25 S 24 2 &c., 22 || 81 2 cy oxº 233 83 l & y & 47 1 &c. 28- <<3 82 95 • *% 23 » || > , Cº., | 84 || > |&c. &J'9325 , , , ** (*) **) 85 55 ~~~ & 3 86 3 y / eyes!” <=3 | ", , , &c. 31 r *} | 88 , &c. Jº's (**) 2 2 fº'o jº ~$2 89 }} **} 89 y 9 |y 10 55 erº cs'=' § 3 55 35 &c, G 3'tº 92 2 cºs ſºr 2-33 11 I &c.—sº C59.) 55 55 U2" | 17 | y, cj9-y? g” 9 | 1 * &c. 4532) || 23 || 1 CŞjº y | 93 2 cºaº 25 55 Q e'...} | 81 | 1 &c. x+'. 28. , J sº gº 29 || 2 853 y | 2 | 2 C- ~~sly 31 33 32°5 * 9 3 3 rx's l l ejº. 32. 35 | y, 235 | 10 | 1 U Lºs 2 *** *tje CS33 37 1 J235 | 18 25 ~Ablºw | 6 25 *** 45-ºr- 38 2 923 19 5 y cºs" | 13 -" º &c. * |44 || 1 * | * | *|&c., J. i5 | 1 &c. $3,5 f* 8', 47 35 Gºlº •º 23 33 §. cys” 18 2 wº ~8, 48 35 C*** 3 24 1 & sº * e 1 (=? te -> 3 x > 33 eyº gº 49 , cy tº 3 || 80 | 25 3" | 19 || 1 &c.Jº's, 50 25 213 35 ” |&c … 20 - -ºš 51 2 cº-33 || 36 , || ** y 9 º's.) 52 1 &c. fº 40 2 3 *** | 21 33 rºy 56 , &c. o! 3 || 47 | 2, ** 22 , 8.33_ ] 59 }} yāz- 23 49 2 : ºw 23 32 14. 10 6 INDEX. Page. Col. - - Page. Col. Page. Col. e ey? _* 24 2 • **** tº- & **** (*~ - 25 9) ~& b JºJº” 73 35 *:: 59 55 w 22** | , 1 &c. , Cºsº | 78 § !-3 63 I &J lº << 1. 26 -Kaas */ alsº | 68 35 J } o º º el. 27 | , || &c...” “ | | | | & ...] § 2 5 93 C. 3.2% Jr.” 59 2 &c. cº-tº" 33 » I & fly.” l 5 C. ey's & L& 74 Cs-yº” 28 1 G't." 84. y j º * | 75 35 O e dº ſº . . . .” - -º-, 29 3 y cºs' 5* 85 » I &c. (=’ſ e.l., 9 3 Sj '93 & 3" 31 2 &c. e > * 87 & . 2. º 55 2 ce? [tºs” 32 || 1 2,3-" | 91 , , |&c. cº-ºw b_2& 80 || 1 &c. cºttis” to 2 3 ecſ ~& 8 I e 52 29 *Aaw 94 * 5 * &_&º 35 | , 25 ** 83 ,, <-8:3 ., st” 39 ** cs"? 2& 87 (*) t A. A. 3 y &c. * *** | 4 | 35 &c. G & ejê colo e L& 88 ,, ſº º ‘j. 1 || 1 | x\e 2–3% | 89 , ** 9 3 & * e º y e Sy 3*-* | 42 | 1 2. º 2 8.32% 91 2 2/3-, 33 55 cy” |Af 28& 10 5 y | es' º: 92 ?? 4 (*~ || 43 & , s's tº gº 94 | c. &c.9,23-s!” 4 6 * i. l 1 5 5 eºs 95 l &c. cr';* 50 9 (-5 A& 21 5 y 2 3 *** _yº" , , j } - sº 31 | cy” &c. cºyº ~!” 52 25 cºyº 36 [-Qae I 2 Jyº” § 77: 2 . Jºe | 8 || , & Lo-s: 99 25 Jº tº 38 l & l C. ejºy' 3L" 54 5 x &c (1) A& 42 C. º.º. ºe 6 33 93.5 “ —yº” 44 , , Uij \ ºad -" | , * (* | 45 J.2° | 1 || ,, ***~ || 55 , & ſº | . &c. & J cle | 15 , cºã8 cys" | 56 95 Q93_yº” 53 cº-as” 18 53 CŞ.) y (~ *: 33 53 ©ve 23 wº J 2 55 f*/A || 49 || 2 “. . ~~6 I 22° 57 l 8'3' jºš 51 || 1 º 24 || 2 © & 5° 60 y 5 &c.exf33 —A cy tº 3-e 3] Jy 2:… e., | 61 : . 2. 5 5 cº'º-be 32 2 23 (A& 52 e tº 35 ce S_2}_3 + 4* | 62 | 1 eis ,, . Sº eave 36 28, tº ſº , ,, .34% sºlel,” 3 35 55 2 <533, 2 J” , 5 Jy &l]leſs” 64 3 y Qal& 53 c 3 ºzo || 48 93. w": (~ (.w 65 "... 33 35 &c. ºxve 49 25 j', yº. 25 º 93 I Stºre 63 3} INDEX. 107 Page. Col. Page. Col. Page. Col. &c. ºxi-e 63 1 |ey's tº elk 90 2 Č. cº cº-ave | 66 95 38% 91 l es.” << *ś3 13 2 oš5 ºre | 77 , • Júl is i e_2^* +” exº~ ,, 2 Č. ** | 89 || 2 ce º 76 1 colle 5 2 2 (3 42 1 (tºge 79 , Joyle-ºste , | , ~43 || 48 , ~34.2 82 ,, 2°| > || > | <-#23 53 2 © .33_3^ 6 1 __2 & 56 32 J’ **** 3.2 55 2 ſ" Jſ. 61 95. àºzē 25 | 1 els | 7 || 1 *~7 -Jä 63 | 1 cºyº 38 2 p. (**** 12 2 * Lé | 73 }} eyº (24 || 5 | , <-2 53 c || 14 , **, *| 74 , & 23 71 2 fºs” 15 1 “sº 78 5 y p - * >e | 16 2 *_j x- º 8] 33 C޺ 19 I & _j x_* | 85 2 sºb | 12 I a ste § 21 2 co'º', 's-32 9 J 5 y cººk | 15 , &c. ** | 26 35 &c. Je 24 || 9 | 35 2ā3|| | 18 55 Jºe 29 55 ** ºr 35 | 94 JJ c5-y” | y, }} [...Je 36 1 & © fºlk || 23 , exe fºllº || 8 || 2 \–2 *| 27 | > |&c. L., & the 39 || 1 | 58 , ~$1.2% , 2 * >{*-0 || - 2, 35 ejkº 55 55 &c. &c…o 77 39 cº- L- ~J&o || 38 l ~J31, 59 2 cs,” 25 33 << | , 2 Sºx' | 62 1 c) (3 tºo , 1 J33- 33 22 I Gº 9: 21 Ǻr (20 | 63 35 ~~ 3 (Azo JJ 92 &c.<--!> ** | 89 I Cºo Mo , 55 cºsº | 78 2 (5'ſ Lo | 40 2 |&c. cs}23'2° 64 52 &c. ** 3-0 79 1 &c. e. L; (*~ || 41 » les' (se +5 yo | 66 25 ſº CăJ (so | 80 35 &c., *_lºo 42 I **** & Jºão 67 52 ro-3- 55 53 <āş lºo 95 53 ejto , || 2 João 9 3 2 tº jºo 43. 55 **-, cºlo | 68 1 Cs: tºo 82 1 ‘s’ (“to » 2 -āa.º.o | 69 55 *_2^ 9.5 35 ey ºr “ 44 | 1 a” 2 _yºo | y, Js” ”| > || 2 | c.35 ºzo 70 | 1 tº , , cº-o 45 , Jüs”) , 2 cy” (=" | 84 || 1 &c. 9 s 3 J.A. | 46 2 _{< | 71 || 1 ºff-s” , 23 J220 95 55 -Kºlo 95 2 <=s*[…o 73 2 claska." | 55 25 U las” ,, 55 cº-3 (~ | 85 I * y” 47 1 *_2 = * 73 95 ~1.3 × 55 2 &c zºº’eye. 48 2 *3 ºrc 35 59 338c 86 5 y cy tºo 49 l --Ko , 55 _ºas” , 99 ejºy: ē-> o 50 2 ce & 55 33 C) Sexº 87 2 ce 3.5 o 5l I ſº-c JJ 53 io 88 I &c. grºe'> 35 2 ~3So | y, 2.9 *** -3 y-axo | 89 5 y ex'ſ a 2-hº 52 55  74 1 e134- 33 35 Jyº , | 1 &c. (“| >, | >, | &c. cºtto » 2 ~5-yo | y, 35 o'-yo . » °, ºc. 21% e.*** 90 > y Ł- (“to 35 2 Jºrº CŞhio 35 95 Jasº 9] 35 Jºo 55 55 º: (c 2 3 9, 1 } Lºs º 4.2. 92 l 933 (.3 ** 53 2 3 (j } o' Oly-o 5 5- 2.5 ex5 G; | 2.0 94 J 3 (*** ; 33 35 U (3. 55 J / <&l lo 95 22 3.32.5% cºº 25 5 j cº-h.J.lsº | 75 2.5 ºths ex-a- 54 I ess Jax 2.9 35 C) &c. Jals” 55 5 y exile “crºc J 5 55 ~~~3 3 l Cº.3 || 55 2 ā- (-2.0 | 76 || || cs Syº whº | 6 || , (J.,sº Lo 56 » < Jºo X) 2.) 23 || 9 2 INDEX, 111 Page. Col. Page, Col. | Page. Col. &c. cº e G | 11 || 2 cs' | 55 2 ck-º', 32 || 1 2*-* | 12 , 2.9° 57 || 2 | e º 'o 83°2 33 ,, cº-º' | 13 , • ‘tº 58 cººk, 37 2 “…& 53 14 1 cº- | 333 53 C*=2 40 1 ozo (33 | 16 2 Csºkº 59 } (s”, 47 25 cs: 18 1 95 |- 60 » &c. j 2K1 2 51 25 co- (j | 19 55 *_y?” -ºš 62 2 _y.9 º 53 •5 y &c. C-8. 21 2 cº-sº exº 5 * , 3.5° 8 S_55 (3, 2 3 5 3 e-SA-, est' 28 I cº | S & Ki 63 $ 2 (e > ~32 60 39 # **ś , , 2 |&c. &c.; ſº | 64 l § 2 62 > y &c. e'eis' 28 1 &c. Jº 68 y 5 * , | > y 5 35 -ºš cyū | 80 35 *3. 73 '3 × &c. 25 & 3 22 ; 3 Cyå3 || 82 ** | , || 2 |&c. 23% ºf 2, 69 2 22's Lº 34 1 ** º 74 || 2 ... --> 72 1 Cs >4 & | 85 , &A) u- 75 || 1 || <= e, , ; , , ,, 2 s, 31.jg|37 || | | cº-rº 7 | * c5 Lºſ 2 | 74 |. ,, j | xj | 38 59 3-yº” 79 l & •.5-3 • 9 35 eit.) | 40 , , & S ºr Lºs" | 80 , , rej 9 || 81 l cº-aj 41 5 y ejº 84 2 gº ** & Q_5 55 2 8,83 , , e: [+3 | 89 || 1 |cº-5' 0 <="3 | 88 || 1 sojºs tº 42 | 1 csº a 91 | y, ~&=3 | 89 ,, s:.j 43 2 —& 95 2 owſ *> 2 95 } y. r" Š (3 92 jºb | | |&c.cº-2s; 92 6 &_j 9 cº 2 3 1 ...] ..., | | | ***** * | * * **, 3 | 1 jºji iſ ošo 3 tº 94 | , Lºly, 4 || 2 & S_y gº' 2 cº-j | 95 2 cytºsºr 6 8 tº lj || 47 1 * 99 gº ey'o', 8 Cs e^*.5° 3 * 2 5 p. ts. $.35 | 49 2 fºr | 13 , ...ſºlº 2 rºl-e 14 ,, rºx **** º gº U2 | 8 || 1 &c. 333, 18 || 1 "...J. ** {\ & ſº º 92 &c. *993 7 25 ... cººr 5 y 33 &c. &c" (3* 9% 33 G.335 | 13 33 &c. rex, 23 2 ex^,3 Jāj 99 53 2/3 exo 3 2 26 2 Ulºr 38 l (s’ L-23 o:3 2 &c. cºlº, 27 9 x &c. !, cº ºr 45 55 ©: lººk? 25 54 9 3 o_5-3 29 35 ~5 !, 47 35 *** {4} | 55 | 1 22 || 30. &c. of 39, , 112 INDEX. * Col. | Page. Col. Page. cººr 49 J Caºw '3- **r 8] 2 &c. 3 | “sº 15 (** | *, 51 2 &c. 222* | * | *, kc., | 80 , **** || 7 || 1 w A - - 4; F I N I S. gº- HNMEfišIYºMº'N, |||||||||||| y 3 9015 05869 7221 ' . . . . . 4 ******* ±,±,