OF UNIVERSITY OFMAGAN CARICHIGAN. ARTES b. JIRARIES sci THE F ZOOLOGICAL MISCELLANY; BEING DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW, OR INTERESTING ANIMALS, BY WILLIAM ELFORD LEACH, M.D. F.L.S & W.S. FELLOW OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF EDINBURGH, AND OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, AND MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, &c. ILLUSTRATED WITII COLOURED FIGURES, DRAWN FROM NATURE, BY R. P. NODDER, ANIMAL PAINTER, AND DRAFTSMAN IN NATURAL HISTORT. VOL. I. LONDON: PRINTED BY B. MCMILLAN, BOW-STREET, FOR E. NODDER & SON, 34, TAVISTOCK-STREET, COVENT-GARDEN; AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. 1814. TEATRIDIME TODO00 Museum o dan Q4 shot more ad 46 .243 Museum . aut Pus Alexander Puttinen 6-10-53 TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE SIR JOSEPH BANKS, BART. K. B. PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, TRUSTEE OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM, &c. &c. &c. THIS MISCELLANY IS MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, BY HIS MUCH OBLIGED, AND VERY OBEDIENT SERVANT, THE AUTHOR. B 2 ADVERTISEMENT. The object of this Work is, to publish new sub- jects as they occur, and to figure those species which, having been confounded with others, require elucida- tion. In the Naturalist's Miscellany, and in other works of a similar kind, it has been usual to repeat the gene- ric character whenever different species were given ; but as this appears to be unnecessary, we shall on such occasions merely refer to the character, unless it should require amendment. The Figures, unless mentioned to the contrary, will represent the animals of the natural size. At the completion of each volume, a Systematic Index, with an Index of Synonyms alphabetically ar- ranged, will be given, and any incorrections that shall have occurred will be noticed. 5 SCIURUS. SCIURUS, Linn., Pall., Gmel., Cuv., Dum. CHARACTER GENERIĆUS. Dentes incisores duo simplices : superiores cuneati, inferiores ad latera compressi; molares ad utrum- que latus superiores quinque, inferiores quatuor. Cauda corporis longitudine, compressa, pilosa, disticha. Pedes antici tetradactyli, postici pentadactyli. SQUIRREL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Incisor or front teeth simple, two in each jaw ; the upper ones wedge-shaped, the under compressed at their sides : grinding teeth on each side of the upper jaw, five; of the lower, four. Tail as long as the body, hairy, compressed, and spread- ing laterally. Fore feet with four, hinder with five fingers. The species of this genus are very lively and active, and inhabit the greater portion of the globe, living in trees, and feeding on various kinds of fruits. They are very fond of nuts, which they open by rasping off the small end with their front teeth, and splitting the shell. When eating they sit erect, holding their food in their fore feet, which they use as hands, and covering their body with their broad tail; from which latter circumstance they have derived their name*. Those species which inhabit the more temperate regions, lay in a hoard of winter provisions, consisting of nuts, acorns, &c. which they deposit in the hollow of a tree, or under the earth. Squirrels produce from four to seven young at a time, They compose their nests with moss, dried leaves and fibres, which they place in the forked branch of a tree : some of the species have two holes or entrances to their nest, and are said by Pliny to stop up that in the windward side. * From oxic, a shade, and egou, a tail. 6 TAB. I. SCIURUS PENICILLATUS. S. pilis fulvo fuscoque mistis ; dorso lineis tribus late- ribusque pallidis, gulâ ventreque albidis, auribus subrotundatis imberbibus, caudâ ad apicem penicil- latâ. Habitat in Madras. Mus. Dom. Sowerby. PENCIL-TAILED SQUIRREL. Body covered with a mixture of fulvous and brown hair, having three lines on the back, and the sides pale yellowish ; the throat and belly whitish; ears somewhat rounded, and not tufted ; apex of the tail pencilled. Inhabits Madras. This animal was taken in the young state in a library at Madras, where the old one had formed a nest in a large book, into which she had perforated. It was brought alive to England, and was kept some time by Mr. Carlisle, who, after its death, gave it to Mr. Sowerby; and to the kind- ness of the last-mentioned gentleman, we are indebted for the figure, which represents the species one-third of the natural size. This squirrel agrees so exactly with the descriptions of the Sciurus Palmarum, Linn.; Le Palmist, Buff, that were it not for the curious tuft at the extremity of the tail of our animal, (of which they make no mention), we should not hesitate to consider them as one species. IremmCngraved Published, C, PPP Nodder Jon By 181 4 7 ORIOLUS. ORIOLUS, Linn., Gmel., Shaw, Lath., Cuv., Dum. XANTHORNUS, Brisson. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum conicum, convexum, acutissimum, rectum basi rotundato: mandibula superiore paulo longiore. Pedes ambulatorii; digitis tribus anticis, uno postico. ORIOLE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak conic, convex, very sharp, and strait, with the base rounded; the superior mandible rather longest. Feet formed for walking ; three toes before, and one behind. The birds of this genus, for the most part, inhabit the Tropics; they are gregarious, and live on fruits, grains, and insects. Some of the species shew very great inge- nuity in the construction of their nests, which are com- posed of fibres most curiously interwoven, and suspended from the branches of trees, many being found on the same spot, and sometimes attached to one another. 8 TAB. II. ORIOLUS MEXICANUS. 0. olivaceus, sabtus flavus, gulâ facie remigibus cau- dâque ati's, remiribus secundariis externè tectri- cibusque albis, recibus duabus mediis excep- tis sordido-albo-natis, rostro nigro, pedibus nigricantibus. Oriolus Mexicanus. Linn. Syst. Nat. edit. 12, i. 162, 13. O. Xanthornus. Gmel. Linn. i. 391, 13. Lesser Bonana Bird. Edward Gleanings, p. 68, t. 243 ? Lesser Bonana Oriole, Var? Lath. Syn. i. 2, 439? WHITE-SHOULDERED BANANA ORIOLE. Olive-yellow oriole, with the belly bright yellow ; throat and face deep black, united ; quills of the wings deep black; wing-coverts and the outer edges of the secon- dariés white; tail deep black and, excepting the two mid- dle feathers, tipped with dirty white; beak black ; legs blackish ; the base of the upper mandible pale. The specimen from which the above description and the figure were taken, was killed at St. Andrew's, in Jamaica, by Mr. John Wiles, who most obligingly permitted me to examine it, and at the same time informed me that it was very common in that district, and that it fed on the ba- nana, guava, and other fruits, 2 Dranon Engineered kPublished by RP udder Samcery 1P14 9 It is very nearly allied to the Oriolus Xanthornus, given by Dr. Shaw in the Naturalist's Miscellany, Plate 243, from which species however it appears to me to be suffi- ciently distinct; and in this opinion Mr. Bullock coincides. In the figure referred to by Linnæus, in Edwards Gleanings, the wing-coverts externally have a few black markings, and the bill is longer, narrower, and incurved ; I have therefore affixed a doubt to the reference. As the distinctions between 0. Xanthornus of Shaw and this species are rather obscure, it may not be deemed improper to give the leading marks of distinction, taken from two specimens in Mr. Bullock's Museum. TOE ORIOLUS XANTHORNUS. (O. flavus, facie ante oculos gula pectore anticè te- tricibus remigibus caudâque atris, tectricibus albo- terminatis, remigibus secundariis externè albis, rectricibus externis duabus utrinque sordido-albo- terminatis, rostro nigro : mandibula superiore basi sub-striata, pedibus nigricantibus, Oriolus Xanthornus. Gmelin Linn. i. 391, 13; Shaw Nat. Miscel. vol. 7, Pl. 243. Lesser Bonana Oriole. Lath. Synop. i. 2, 438, 25. Le petit cul-jaune de Cayenne. Buff. Ois. iii. 247; Planch, enlum, tab. 5, f. 1. 10 BLACK-SHOULDERED BANANA ORIOLE. Yellow Oriole, with the face before the eyes, the throat and middle of the breast deep black; wing-coverts deep black, tipped with white; secondary quills of the wings externally white; the two external quills of the tail on each side tipped with dirty white; beak black; the base of the upper mandible somewhat striated ; legs blackish. Inhabits Jamaica. It is readily distinguished from 0. mexicanus, by the striæ at the base of the upper mandible, which in both of those examined, were similar; by the colour of the wing- coverts, and tips of the tail-feathers. The back and belly are of an uniform bright yellow, whilst the upper part in the preceding species is olive yellow. The black on the face is distinct, being merely placed before the eyes, whilst the black of the throat is continued into the breast. $ 11 ACANTHOPHIS. ACANTHOPHIS, Daudin. TRIGONOCEPHALUS, Oppel ? CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput obtusum depressum, ovato-trigonum, magnum: vertex squamulis imbricatus; mandibula superior dentibus elongatis incurvis acutissimis veneniferis, preputio protectis. Abdomen scutis obtectum ; cauda subtus scutigera, apicem versus squamulifera, apice aculeato; anus inermis, posticè limbo squamoso serie simplice. ACANTHOPHIS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head large, ovate-triangulate, obtuse, and depressed, the back part above covered with the same kind of scales as those of the back: upper jaw, on each side, with long, incurved, acute, and poisonous teeth, covered (at the base at least,) with a retractile fleshy socket. Belly with broad and undivided scales ; under part of the tail with undivided broad scales, like those of the belly, but towards the point they are divided, and form a double row, set alternately; tip of the tail with a spine-like process ; hinder edge of the vent with a single row of scales. Before consulting the authors referred to above, I had named this genus Ophis, and the species acanthurus; and although the term Acanthophis be adopted from having the right of priority, yet it is not used without some doubts of its stability as a generic name; the sting-like process at the extremity of the tail, seeming to be rather an indica- tion of specific than of generic distinction; but this can only be determined from the discovery of other species, 12 TAB. III. ACANTHOPHIS BROWNII. A. nigricans, labio inferiore albido, superiore antice transversim impresso, caudâ sub-abruptè corpore angustiore: apice lateraliter compresso. Habitat in Australasia. BROWN'S ACANTHOPHIS. Body blackish; under lip whitish, the upper with a trans- verse groove in front; tail somewhat abruptly narrower than the body, with the apex laterally compressed. This highly interesting animal is a native of New Hol- land, and was first noticed at Port Jackson by Robert Brown, Esq. F. R. S. &c. who described it in his MS: under the title of Boa ambigua. I have named it after him, as a tribute justly due to him, not only as one of the first bota- nists in Europe, but also as a gentleman zealous for the pro- motion of every branch of natural history. The annexed figure and description were taken from a specimen lent by Mr. A. Huey, who killed it at Port Jack- son. Both he and Mr. Brown inform me, that the natives suppose it to be the most poisonous snake found in New Holland. The head and tail are represented of the natural size, which will convey an accurate idea of the magnitude of the whole animal. 3 S Brannengravede Published . Boy R.PNodder January 1814 13 LAMIA. CERAMBYX, Linn., Geof., Gmel. LAMIA, Fabr., Latr., Donov. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput verticale; labrum facillimè discernendum; an- tennce setaceæ, decem-articulatæ, corporis longitu- dine aut longiores, in oculorum sinu interno insertæ; palpi filiformes, articulo ultimo elongato-ovato. Thorax cylindricus, lateribus sæpe unituberculatis. LAMIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head vertical; labrum very distinct; antenna setaceous, as long, or longer than the body, composed of ten joints, and inserted in a niche in the front of the eyes; palpi filiform, the last joint oblong-ovate. Thorax cylindric, the sides frequently with one tubercle. The genera Saperda and Lamia of Fabricius have been considered by Latreille and Illiger as constituting but one genus, the parts of the mouth being found to be exactly similar; and to this genus they have retained the title of Lamią. Some few of the Saperde, however, have eleven joints in the antennæ, and these I have considered as forming a distinct genus, to which the name Saperda may be continued. The Cerambyx lineato-collis of Marsham, is the only indigenous species of this genus Saperda. Of the economy and mode of life of this genus little or nothing more is known, than that the caterpillars live in the bodies of trees, which they perforate and destroy. 14 TAB. IV. LAMIA PICTA. L. nigra flavo-picta, thoracis lateribus pectore an- tennis pedibusque quatuor anticis cærulescente- pulverulentis, elytris punctatis. Habitat in Australasia. Museo Dom. Macleay. PAINTED LAMIA. Black Lamia painted with yellowish-fawn colour; the sides of the thorax, breast, antennæ, and four anterior feet, covered with a bluish bloom; wing-cases punctured. This very beautiful Lamia is a native of New Holland, and was figured from the extensive collection of Mr.Macleay, which is so liberally open for the benefit of science. The first joint of the antennæ, and the tips of the others, have no bloom ; tubercles on the sides of the thorax conic; elytra punctured, the punctures towards the suture being arranged in longitudinal lines, on which part also are two lengthened irregular grooves, approaching nearer to one another as they descend, but not reaching to the apex of the elytra. 4 Draumon Engraved o Published by RP flooder yan" 1314 15 PAPILIO. PAPILIO, Linn., Fabr., Cram., Dru., Donov., Latr., Cuv., Dum. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenna capitatæ, capitulo subarcuato, ob-conico- ovato, vel elongato-obovato. Palpi brevissimi clypeum vix attingentes, ad faciem appressi, non prominuli, articulis duobus primis sub- æque longis, tertio minimo subobsoleto. Pedes in utroque sexu conformes, ambulatorii, ungui- bus distinctis simplicibus instructis, anticis nec mi- nutis, nec spuriis. Ala anticæ sæpiùs subfalcatæ ; posticæ sæpe caudatæ, margine interno pro abdomine libero vel exciso vel plicato, abdomen in canali subtus non excipiente; marginibus externo et anali dentatis. LARVA tentaculata, carnosa, furcata. Pupa angulata, antice bimucronata, filo transverso in medio alligata. BUTTERFLY. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennæ, at their points, furnished with a conic-ovate or lengthened-obovate somewhat arcuate club. Palpi very short, pressed close to the face, and scarcely reaching the clypeus ; the two first joints of equal length, the third minute and nearly obsolete. Feet in both sexes alike, and formed for walking, with distinct simple claws, the anterior pair like the others in structure and size. 16 Anterior wings generally somewhat falcate ; hinder ones often tailed ; the internal margin excised or folded, io ad- mit of free play for the abdomen. CATERPILLAR tentaculated, fleshy, and furcate. CHRYSALIS angulated, with two processes before ; it fas- tens itself by a transverse thread. The species of this genus, which constitutes the most beautiful part of the creation, are found chiefly in the warmer regions, very few occurring in the temperate parts of the world. Their flight is extremely rapid ; their wings, when at rest, stand erect over their bodies. Papilio Machaon is the only species that has been clearly ascertained to inhabit Britain, P. Podalirius having been introduced into the British Fauna on very dubious autho- rity. 5 ronne graveda Fuktigheid ting ve? Prooderma TAB. V. PAPILIO MACLEAYANUS. P. alis caudatis glaucis, limbo communi nigro albo- punctato; anticarum maculis duabus viridibus Habitat in Australasia. Mus. Dom. Macleay. MACLEAY'S BUTTERFLY. Wings tailed, glaucous green, with a black border spot- ted with white, the anterior ones with two irregular spots of green. I am indebted to Dr. Hinton Spalding for this new and elegant species, which was discovered at Port Jackson by Mr. A. Huey. I have named this butterfly after my much-esteemed friend, Alexander Macleay, Esq. Sec. Lin. Soc. &c. to whom I cannot sufficiently express my full sense of his repeated marks of kindness and friendship. The tails appear to have been slightly injured, but the other characters are so strong as to distinguish it from every known species of the genus. Papilio Nereus of Linnæus, Clerck, Ic. Ins. rar. Tab. 30; Cramer, Pap. ex. Tab. 187, A. B. and of Drury, vol. 2, Tab. 4, Fig. 1 and 2, and a Papilio which appears to me to be another species, figured by Cramer, Tab. 378, as the other sex of Nereus, approach nearer to this species than any other ; whilst P. Sarpedon and Agamemnon, seem to form the connecting links betwixt these and the genuine- long-tailed Papiliones. 19 LANIUS. LANIUS, Ray, Linn., Lath., Cuv. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum rectiusculum lateraliter subcompressum, basi nudo; mandibula superiore apice curvata, denticulo utrinque instructa; ore sæpissime ciliato. Pedes ambulatorii, digitis tribus anticis, uno postico: digito externo ad basin cum intermedio connexo. SHRIKE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak strait, with the sides somewhat compressed, and the base naked; the upper mandible curved towards the apex, and armed on each side with a little tooth; mouth generally ciliated, or bearded. Feet formed for walking, with three toes before, and one behind: the external toe connected with the middle one at the base. The Shrikes prey on small birds, and some of the species also on insects, which they transfix on thorns, devouring the bodies, and leaving the wings behind. They generally tear their food in pieces; but there are several instances, of mice having been found entire in the stomach of L. Ex- cubitor. Their nests are simply constructed with fibres and moss; sometimes lined with softer materials. Their note is cta- D 20 morous and very disagreeable, especially when they are dis- turbed. Linnæus, Latham, and Gmelin, place the Shrike be- tween the genera Strix and Psittacus; but Brisson and Cuvier assign it a place in the Passerine order. TAB. VI. LANIUS LINEATUS. L. ater, transversim albo lineatus, rostro pedibusque nigris. Habitat apud Berbice. Mus. Dom. Macleay. LINEATED SHRIKE. Deep black, with transverse white lines; the beak and feet black. This elegant bird, which is figured from Mr. Macleay's collection, inhabits Berbice, and is very nearly akin to Lanius Doliatus of Linnæus, from which species, however, it is most readily distinguished by the want of two or three longitudinal white spots on the head. Lanius Doliatus inhabits Cayenne, where it is very com- Brisson has given a very good figure of it in his work on Birds. mon. 6. z Auto Dueronlngrane) 9. Palushed by RI Nodder Feb 11814 21 SOLEN. SOLEN, Linn., Cuv., Lam. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa bivalvis, æquivalvis, transversissima, utrinque hians, marginibus subrectis, lateribus subtruncatis, internè impressionibus duabus muscularibus laterali- bus distinctis; ligamento exteriore; cardine termi- nali aut subterminali. SOLENARIUS acephalus, crassipedius, pede sub- cylindrico. RAZOR-SHELL. 1 GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell bivalve, very broad, the valves equal, gaping af each side, the margins nearly strait, the sides more or Jess truncate; internally with two distinct lateral muscular impressions; ligament on the outside of the shell; hinge more or less terminal. Animal without a head, with a thick, somewhat cylindric foot. The Solenes inhabit sand or hard mud on the sea-shore far below high-water mark; their habitation is discovered, by an oval dimple or hole on the surface, out of which some of the species eject water with considerable force. When placed on moist sand, they bury themselves rapidly (and, like all the equivalved bivalves), with the hinge extremity downwards. At low water they descend beneath the surface of the ground, but on pouring salt water into their holes, they D 2 22 protrude their shell above the surface : from this end they extend a long fleshy trunk (composed of rings), which is easily broken, and which they withdraw on the slightest appearance of danger. Many of the species are taken for the table, by means of á barbed spear, which is thrust suddenly into their shells, and immediately turned; but unless very great caution be used in removing the sand from round the shell, the animal quits it, and sinks into the sand. This curious circumstance was first mentioned to me by Mr. Macleay, and Mr. Bul- lock assures me that he has often witnessed it. TAB. VII. SOLEN CEYLONENSIS. S. testa recta, una extremitate rotundata, altera ob- liquè truncata, cardine terminali, in utraque valva unidentata, dentibus inæqualibus. Habitat in Ceylon. CEYLON RAZOR-SHELL. Shell strait, with one extremity rounded, the other ob- liquely truncate; the hinge terminal, with one tooth in each valve; the teeth unequal. Inhabits Ceylon, where it seems not to be an uncommon species. The striæ at the base (as usual in all the genuine Solenes when decorticated), run longitudinally, and turn abruptly in a transverse direction, giving an appearance to the shell, of being obliquely divided into two equal parts, by a line running in a diagonal direction from one corner to the other. 7 Drann Engrares & Published by RoR Nooder. Feb 1814 23 VOLUTA. VOLUTA, Linn., Cuv., Lam. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa ovalis, spiralis, univalvis, basi obliquè emargi- nato, (non canaliculato), apice producto; columella plicata. VOLUTARIUS trachelepodus, pede compresso aa cer- vicis basin inferiorem ; corpore spirali; capite ten- taculis duobus acutis, oculis ad illorum basin exte- riorem; ore rostriformi, cylindrico, elongato, re- tractili, denticulis acutis subcurratis instructo; oper- culo nullo. VOLUTE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell oval, spiral, univalve, with the base obliquely emar. ginated (but not channelled), the apex produced; pillar folded, ANIMAL with a compressed foot at the inferior base of the neck ; body spiral; head with two sharp tentacula, with eyes at their exterior base; mouth invert-shaped, elongate, cylindrical, retractile, and furnished with little, acute, and somewhat incurved teeth; no operculum. The animals of this genus are marine, and feed on ani- mal substances. In the Annales du Museum there is an excellent mono- graph on the recent and fossile species of this genus, by Professor Lamarck. 24 TAB. VIII. VOLUTA SUBNODOSA. V. testa luteo-fulvescens glabra tenuè striata ferrugi- neo irregulariter strigata; apice valde producto, simplici; anfracto basilari ad apicem subnodoso. Habitat In Mus. Britannico, et Dom. Bullock. SLIGHTLY-KNOTTED VOLULE. Shell luteous, inclining to fulvous, slightly striated, irre- gularly streaked with rust colour; spire much produced, and simple; the body volution towards the apex, with a few slightly elevated knots. The habitat of this very beautiful shell is not known. There is a specimen in the collection of Mr. Bullock, which he most kindly lent me for examination, and another in the British Museum. Drann Engewed Publisfied, by R?? Nãower -Fell." 25 PHASMA. PIASMA, Lecht., Fabr., Latr. MANTIS, Linn., De Geer., Oliv. SPECTRUM, Stoll., Lam. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenne ante oculos ferè insertæ ; labrum emargina- tum; palpi breves, Corpus cylindricum, lineare, alatum; ala membrana. ceæ, reticulatæ, margine costali latè coriaceo; elytra brevissima; pedes simplices; tarsis quinque-articu- latis ; pulvillis solidis. Thorax cylindricus, segmento secundo, antico maximè longiore. PHASMA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne inserted almost before the eyes; labrum notch- ed; palpi short. Body cylindric, linear, and winged; wings membrana- ceous, reticulated, the anterior margin-broadly coriaceous: elytra very short; legs simple, feet five-jointed, with the pulvilli solid. Corselet cylindric, the second segment very much longer than the first. Mantis gigas, and bispinosa of Shaw's Naturalist's Mis- cellany, Plates 43 and 323, are referable to this genus, of which the following species is a very good example, 26 TAB. IX. PHASMA VIOLESCENS. P. viridis, elytrorum latere externo flavescenti; alis violescentibus, costa viridi; femoribus quatuor pos- ticis subtus spinulosis. Habitat in Australasia. Mus. Dom. Macleay. VIOLET-WINGED PHASMA. Green, with the external edge of the elytra yellowish; the wings, with the exception of the coriaceous margin, purplish; the four hinder thighs spiny beneath. Inhabits New Holland, and is figured from the splendid collection of Mr. Macleay. It is more nearly allied to Phasma Rosea of Fabricius, than to any other species with which I am acquainted; but it may be readily distinguished by the colour of the wings, and by the long tooth under the middle part of the hinder thighs. See Stel. Spec. Tab, 5, fig. 17. 9 Dranon Engrached at Published by R?? Nodder. Febr 1214 AHAI 40320 INTEL do ATHOLATIH HAM Fotolauldased ed abuse obronnen heter for oorlate total about me! 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Ale postica sub-orbiculatæ, aut orbiculato-trigonæ, abdomen in canalem infra recipientes, areola discoi- dali posticè clausa, pterigostiis* radiatim emittente; marginibus dentatis, aut dentibus nullis, vel ob- soletis. LARVA sæpius tomentosa, capite sub-globoso, antice sub-depresso ; abdomine posticè bimucronato. Pupa angulata, anticè bimucronato, cauda tantum suspensa. HIPPARCHIA. Antenne with a slender somewhat fuciform, or some- what trigonate-orbicular club. Palpi meeting above the tongue, with the second joint very much compressed, and much longer than the first. Anterior pair of legs shorter than the rest, and often very hairy; feet of the other legs with geminated nails. * Plerigostia, Nervi, Venæ auctorum, Anglice, nervures, 28 Hinder wings somewhat orbicular, or orbiculate-triangu- late, with the internal margin excavated to receive the ab- domen; the middle cell closed behind, from which part the nervures radiate; the other margin entire, or with acute or obtuse indentations. CATERPILLAR generally downy, with a globular head somewhat compressed in front; the abdomen bimucronate behind. Chrysalis angulated, with the front bimucronate, sus: pended by the tail. To this genus the following indigenous species of Butter- flies belong, viz. Papilio Ægeria, 2. Megäera, 3. Gala- thea, 4. Pamphilus, 5. Hero, 6. Hyperanthus, &c. TAB. X. HIPPARCHIA BANKSII. CHARACTER GENERICUS. H. alis nigris fulvo maculatis; anticis puncto albo ; posticis ccello nigro pupilla albido, Habitat in Australasia. Mus. Dom. Macleay. BANKSIAN HIPPARCHIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Wings black, with fulvous spots; the anterior pair with a white speck ; the hinder pair with a black ocellus, and white pupil. Inhabits New Holland. I have named this elegant species, which is preserved in Mr. Macleay's cabinet, after that munificent patron of science, the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart, &c. 10 Go Dremen Engraved on Peeblisfied, by RP Noder: 78ܖ 29 CERTHIA. CERTHIA, Linn., Lath., Gmel., Cuv., Dumer. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum arcuatum, tenue, acutum; mandibulæ æquales. Pedes ambulatorii; digitis tribus anticis, uno postico majore; ungues longi, arcuati, compressi. CREEPER. GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak slender, sharp, and bent; the mandibles equal. Feet formed for walking, with three toes before, and one behind larger than the others; claws long, bent, and com- pressed. The Creepers form an elegant and very natural assemblage of birds, many of which are remarkable for the gaiety and splendor of their colours. The food of the genuine Certhiæ consists entirely of insects, in search of which they are con- tinually running up and down the trunks of trees. They are found in most parts of the world; their nests are generally placed in some hollow, and are composed of moss or dry grass, lined sometimes with materials of a softer nature. Some authors have confounded this genus with Trochilus (Humming-bird), from which it may readily be distinguished by the acuteness of its beak, which part in the Humming- bird is always more or less blunt. Latham states the number of tail-feathers as ten, but in our indigenous species Certhia familiaris, and in all the F 1 SO exotic species that I have had an opportunity of examining, twelve quills were always found, which induces me to sup- pose the mistake to have arisen from the hurry of writing. TAB. XI. CERTHIA AUSTRALASIE. C. nigra; capite, dorso, collo, gula, pectoreque sangui- neis; tectricibus, remigibusque externe albo margi- natis; ventre albido. Habitat in Australasia vulgatissima. NEW-HOLLAND CREEPER. Black, with the head, back, neck, throat, and breast, scarlet; the wing-coverts and quills externally margined with white; belly whitish. It is surprising that a bird so extremely common as this species appears to be in New Holland, should have re- mained so long unnoticed. In the young state the red is less vivid, and is often intermixed with black. Drammerigravedl. Published by RP-Vodder 1814 12 2 1 Pranon Engraveaw. Published by 27.1 Der 1814. 31 TAB. XII. FIG. I. VOLUTA ZEBRA*. V. ovato-fusiformis, lævigata, albido-sub flavescens; lineis longitudinalibus fuscis; columellà quintupli- catâ, plicâ superiore subobsoletâ. Voluta Zebra. Humphrey's MSS. Habitat in Australasiæ mari. ZEBRA VOLUTE. Ovate-fusiform, volute, white inclining to yellowish; with longitudinal brown lines ; pillar with five folds, the upper one obscure. This shell, which is aptly named from its resemblance in colour to the zebra horse, is a native of the New-Holland seas, where it seems to be not uncommon. FIG. II. VOLUTA LINEATA. V.ovato-fusiformis, lævigata, subflavicante-albida lon- gitudinaliter subferrugineo-fulvo lineata; columellâ quadriplicata, plicis subæqualibus. Habitat cum præcedente. Mus. Dom. Macleay. * For the generic character, see page 23. F2 32 LINEATED VOLUTE. Ovate-fusiform, smooth volute, of a pale yellowish-white colour, longitudinally lineated with rusty orange; pillar with four nearly equal folds. Voluta lineata is a native of the same country with the preceding species, to which it bears a strong resemblance ; it may however be readily distinguished not only by the number of folds on the columella, but also by the shape of the notch at the base of the mouth. The outline figures are introduced, to show the distinc- tion in the pillar lip. 33 AMMOTHEA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus 4-articulatum segmentis omnibus pedigeris, antico in processum capitiformem producto, tuber- culum oculis duobus utrinque distinctis gerentem. Rostrum cylindricum, tubulosum, corpore longius, cor- poris segmento antico infernè annexum. Mandibulæ rostro multo breviores, biarticulatæ, arti- culis æqualibus, secundo didactylo, digitis arcuatis apice conniventibus. Palpi rostro longiores 9-articulati, sub mandibulis in- serti; articulo tertio longissimo. Pedes octo; coxis 3-articulatis, articulo medio longiore; femoribus l-articulatis; tibiis articulis duobus, primo sub-breviore; tarsis biarticulatis subtus spinulosis, articulo primo minimo; unguibus duplicatis, inæ- qualibus. Obs. Organa ovifera 9-articulata, pone rostrum sub pedibus anticis fere inserta. AMMOTHEA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body four-jointed, each segment bearing feet; the first produced into a head-like process, bearing a tubercle, on each side of which are two distinct eyes. Rostrum cylindric, tubular, longer than the body, and attached to the under part of the first segment. Mandibles much shorter than the rostrum, composed of S4 two equal joints, the outermost with a crooked finger and thumb meeting only at their tips. Palpi longer than the rostrum, composed of nine joints inserted under the mandibles, the third joint very long. Feet eight; come with three joints, the middle one long- est; thighs one-jointed; tibie two-jointed, the first joint shortest; tarsi spiny beneath, two-jointed, the first arti- culation minute ; nails double, unequal. The organs on which the female carries her eggs are placed behind the rostrum, nearly beneath the first pair of feet*. This interesting and curious genus is nearly allied to Nymphum, of which I shall give some account in the next Number TAB. XIII. AMMOTHEA CAROLINENSIS. A. corpore toto brunneo-testaceo; dorso tuberculis tribus trigonis. Habitat in Carolina Australis mari. CAROLINA AMMOTHEA. Body entirely brown-testaceous ; back with three trian- gular tubercles. For this singular species, which constitutes a new genus, I am indebted to Mr. Latham of Compton-street, who re- ceived two specimens from South Carolina, which were caught on an anchor that had been recently drawn from the bottom of the sea. * One of these organs is represented in a detached state in the annexed Plate. 13 Pranon Engraved & Published by R Nodder 36 SCUTELLERA. SCUTELLERA, Lam., Latr. CIMEX, Linn., Geof., De Geer, Wolff. TETYRA, Fabr. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Scutellum longius quam latius abdomen penitus super- tegens. Thorax antice valde angustatus, Caput subtrigonum ad oculos in thoracem immersum: vertex ocellis duobus transversim dispositis; antenne articulo secundo tertio breviore. SHIELDBUG. GENERIC CHARACTER. Scutellum longer than broad, entirely covering the upper part of the abdomen. Thorax very narrow before. Head somewhat triangular, inserted even to the eyes into the thorax ; upper part or vertex with two little eyes placed transversely; antennæ five-jointed, the second joint shorter than the third. Delamarck, in his Systéme des Animaux sans Vertèbres, first instituted the genus Scutellera, which was afterwards named Tetyra by Fabricius. This latter name I have applied to a group of insects, comprehending Tetyra nigro- lineata and its congeners, which were included by the above-mentioned authors, and by Latreille, in one genus, 36 All the Scutelleræ which I have seen were distinguished by the extreme brilliancy of their colours, and for the most part were natives of warm climates. In the genus which I wish to name Tetyra, the scutellum does not completely shield the abdomen, and the second joint of the antennæ is longer than the third, TAB. XIV. SCUTELLERA SEX-MACULATA. S. coccinea argenteo nitens; pedibus, antennis, thoracis disco, maculis scutellaribus sex, pectore, epigastrio, marginibusque abdominis nigris. Habitat in Nova Caledonia. Mus. Dom. Macleay. SIX-SPOTTED SHIELDBUG. Red shining with silver ; feet, antennæ, middle of the thorax, six spots on the scutellum, breast, epigastrium, and margin of the abdomen, black. Inhabits New Caledonia. 14 Drenmengraved a Published, by R-r rader Marek 1919 37 AGARISTA CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antennce extrorsum crassiores, ad apicem acuminatæ, abruptè uncinatæ. Palpi supra linguam contigui, articulo penultimo com- presso, squamoso, anticè hirsuto; ultimo cylindrico nudo. Obs. Genus incertæ sedis. Habitus prorsus noce tuarum sponsæ, nuptæ, &c. nec alarum pterigostiis ullo modo distinctis. Caput trunco multo angustius. Antennæ ad basin inter se dissitæ. Abdomen ano barbato. Tibiæ posticæ calcibus quatuor subobtusis per paria insertæ, interioribus longioribus, AGARISTA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennæ thicker towards their extremities, their points acuminated and abruptly hooked. Palpi meeting above the tongue, the second joint com- pressed, squamous, hairy before; the last joint cylindric, naked. The situation of this curious genus (which agrees in habit, and as far as I can distinguish, in the nervures of the wings also, with noctua sponsa and its affinities) is very doubtful. The head is much narrower than the trunk, and the antenna are inserted at a distance from each other. The extremity of the abdomen is tufted. The hinder shanks are provided with two pair of somewhat obtuse heels, as in the noctuæ above mentioned, but the internal ones are longest. G. 38 TAB. XV. AGARISTA PICTA. A. atra; ano fulvo; alis anticis striga baseos flava, maculisque fulvis; posticis fasciis duobus transversis, postica coccinea. Habitat in Australasia. Thorax flavus, maris disco atro. Alæ posticæ fascia antica maris flavicante, fæminæ cæsia. Pedes et pectus coccineo-hirti. PAINTED AGARISTA. Black; extremity of the abdomen fulvous ; anterior wings with a yellow streak at their base, and with fulvous spots ; hinder wings with two transverse bands, the hinder one scarlet. Inhabits New Holland. Thorax yellow, the middle part black in the male. An- terior band of the male yellow, of the female bluish. Feet and breast covered with scarlet hair. 15 Sanon Engravedan puclished by RON ser 1814 16 be 2-алтерсалнео #Тол-вобоз бу ХРоден уә14 39 TAB. XVI. LANIUS* DOLIATUS. L. niger albo transversim fasciatus, fasciis dorsalibus interruptis; vertice, remigibus externè, rectricibus- que apice albis; capite subcristato. Lanius Doliatus. Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. xii. 136, 16, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 309, 16. Lath. Ind. Orn. 80. 50. Lanius Cayennensis striatus. Briss, av. 2, 187, tab. 29, fig. 3. La Pie-griesche rayée de Cayenne. Buff. Planch. enlum, tab. 297, fig. 2. Black and White Butcher-Bird Edwards, pl. 226. Pied Shrike. Lath. Syn, i. 190, sp. 44. Habitat in Cayenne. PIED SHRIKE. Black transversely banded with white, the dorsal bands interrupted ; upper part of the head, outer web of the wing-quills, and points of the tail-feathers white; head slightly crested. Inhabits Cayenne. At the request of an ornithological friend, I have intro- duced this species, in order to point out the distinctions between it and Lanius nævius, which is figured in the fol- lowing plate. * Generic character at page 19. H 40 TAB. XVII. 7 LANIUS NÆVIUS. L. niger; dorso, ventreque cinerascentibus, illo antice albo-maculato; remigibus externè, rectricibusque apice albis. Spotted Shrike. Lath. Syn. i. 190, 45. Lanius Nævius. Gmel. Syst. i. 308. Lath. Ind. Orn. 81, 51. Mus. BRIT. Habitat ? _ SPOTTED SHRIKE. Black; back and belly ash-coloured, the former ante- riorly spotted with white; quills of the wings externally, and the tips of those of the tail, white. 7 Our figure of this pretty bird is taken from the original specimen described by Dr. Latham, and which is preserved in the British Museum. an It has the appearance of being a young bird ; but Dr. Latham, who has seen another specimen, seems to have been fully justified in considering it as distinct from Lanius doliatus, until he should be convinced to the contrary by the examination of intermediate gradations in plumage. The feathers composing the wing-coverts are regularly tipped with white. The under parts of the body are ash- coloured, of which colour the back partakes in a conside- rable degree. 17 ill zucunem Engraved Y. PULOUS As. Gy.R.P. Der 1514. Dronn Ingreved Published by RP Nodder 1814. 41 BULIMULUS.. HELIX, Müller, Chemnitz, Gmelin, CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa univalvis, libera, conico-acuminata; spira elevata, regularis; anfractus ultimus maximus; os integrum, longum ; columella lævis, simplex; labium exter- num tenue; internum medium versus cavernoso- inflexum. BULIMULUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell univalve, free, conically-acuminated ; spire ele- vated, regular ; the last whirl very large ; mouth entire, long : pillar smooth, simple; external lip thin; internal lip inflected towards the middle, with a hollow beneath. TAB. XVIII. LOWER FIGURES: BULIMULUS ACUTUS. B. albus; anfractibus septem rubro unifasciatis. Helix acuta. Müll. Hist. Verm. 100, sp. 297. Chem. Conc. 9, 134, fig. 1222, No.1, 2. Gmelin Syst. Nat. 3660. Habitat in Italia. Müller. ACUTE BULIMULUS. White, with seven whirls, having a reddish band on each. * Diminutivum nominis Bulimi Delamarckii. H 2 42 Müller, who has given an admirable description of this shell, informs us that it is a native of Italy. The band occupies the middle of the body volution, but is placed near the suture of the other whirls. UPPER FIGURES. BULIMULUS TRIFASCIATUS. B. albus; anfractibus septem bifasciatis, basilari tri- fasciato; fasciis rubro-fuscis. و THREE-BANDED BULIMULUS. White, with seven two-banded whirls, the first volution with three bands; the bands reddish-brown. This shell at first sight bears a near resemblance to the preceding species ; but a very slight examination must con- vince the experienced conchologist that they are very dis- tinct : the outer lip is much thinner, the basal whirl longer in proportion, and all the volutions are less convex. Added to these characters, the number of bands (which are sub- ject to variety in breadth, especially the lateral ones) is very constant, and the colour invariably the same, except- ing in worn specimens. Conchology, when rendered subservient to geognostic investigations, assumes the rank of an useful science, and then becomes a subject of the highest importance. Buli- mulus trifasciatus, a very common West Indian shell, occurs imbedded in the same limestone which incloses the fossil human skeleton, lately sent to the British Museum, from the grande terre of Guadaloupe, by Sir A. Cochrane, prov- ing that rock to be of modern date, and contemporaneous with the existing creation of animals*. * A highly interesting paper on this subject has lately been read before the Royal Society by C. König, Esq., and will be published in the next volume of their Transactions. 43 NYMPHUM. PHALANGIUM, Linn., Gmel. NYMPHON, Fabr., Latr. PYCNOGONUM, Müll., Otho-Fabr. NYMPHUM, Delamarck. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus 4-articulatum, articulis omnibus pedigeris, an- tico in processum capitiformem posticè coarctatum producto, tuberculum oculis utrinque duobus ge- rentem. Rostrum cylindricum, tubulosum, corpore brevius, seg- mento antico infernè insertum. Mandibulæ rostro longiores articulis duobus æquali- bus, secundo didactylo digitis curvatis per totam longitudinem conniventibus, ad apicem abruptiùs aduncis. Palpi rostro longiores 6-articulati sub mandibulis in- serti, articulo secundo elongato, sexto minimo. Pedes octo; coxæ articulis tribus, medio longiore; femora l-articulata; tibie biarticulatæ, articulo altero sublongiore; tarsi articulis duobus, primo subbreviore; ungues simplices. Organa ovigera 10-articulata pone rostrum sub pedi- bus anticis ferè inserta. NYMPHUM. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body composed of four feet-bearing segments, the first produced into a head-like process contracted behind, on which a tubercle having two eyes on each side, is placed. Rostrum cylindric, tubular, shorter than the body, in- serted into the under part of the first segment. Mandibles longer than the rostrum, composed of two equal joints, the second of which is furnished with curved fingers which meet along their whole inner edge, their points abruptly hooked. Palpi six-jointed, longer than the rostrum, inserted be- neath the mandibles, the second joint elongate. Feet eight; coxæ with three joints, the middle one long- est; thighs one-jointed ; tibia two-jointed, second joint rather longer; tarsi with two joints, the first rather longer; nails simple. The parts on which the female carries her eggs are com- posed of ten joints. Stahome to go 1 19 2 2) ranura in Ergraved & Published by RT. Norder 1814 45 TAB. XIX. FIG. I. NYMPHUM GRACILE. N. cinereum; femoribus cylindricis. In mari Britannico vulgatissimum. SLENDER NYMPHUM. Cinereous; thighs cylindric. Inhabits the British sea every where, but as it never attains to the size of Strom's Phalangium Marinum (His- tory of Sondmor, 208, tab. 2, fig. 16, which is referred to by Linnæus* as his Phalangium grossipes), I am doubtful whether it be the same species. FIG. II. NYMPHUM FEMORATUM. N. rufescens ; femoribus dilatatis, compressis. Habitat in Angliæ occidentali mari. THICK-THIGHED NYMPHUM. Reddish ; thighs dilated and compressed. I discovered this species on the shores of the Plymouth Sound, but am indebted to the researches of Mr. J. Cranch of Kingsbridge, for the fine specimen from which our figure is taken. Both this and the preceding species are represented of nearly twice the natural size. * Both Linnæus and Fabricius, on the authority of Dr. König, assert that it penetrates muscle-shells, and sucks out the contents, which seems, from the structure of the animal's mouth, to be impossible. Sir Joseph Banks informed me, that those round holes so common in bivalve shells, are formed by buccinum undatum (the common whelk): this is also noticed by Cuvier, in the eleventh volume of the Annales du Muséum. 47 ASCALAPHUS. ASCALAPHUS, Fabr., Oliv., Lam., Latr. MYRMELEON, Linn. LIBELLOIDES, Schæfferi. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenne corpore lorgiores, capitulo obtrigono, com- presso abruptè terminatæ. Palpi sex, breves; labiales paulo longiores. Oculi e duobus segmentis inæqualibus connexis con- formati. Abdomen thoracis longitudine. Corpus hirtum. Tarsi 5-articulati. ASCALAPHUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennæ longer than the body, abruptly terminated by a compressed, lengthened, triangular club. Palpi six, short; labiał ones rather longest. Eyes composed of two unequal segments conjoined. Abdomen as long as the thorax. Body hairy. Tarsi five-jointed. 1 48 TAB. XX. ASCALAPHUS FLAVIPES. A. corpore flavo, fuscoque vario; antennis nigricanti- bus, basi et ante clavam flavicantibus ; pedibus fla- vis, tarsis obscurioribus. Habitat in Australasia vulgatissimus. Alæ immaculatæ nigro-reticulata, pterigostia duo an- tica, basis stigmataque flavis : stigma posticarum basi fuscum. YELLOW-LEGGED ASCALAPHUS. Body yellow and brown ; antennæ blackish, with the base and the apex before the club yellowish ; feet yellow, tarsi darker. This insect is a native New Holland, where it is found in considerable abundance. The wings immaculate, reti- culated with black, their base, two anterior nervures, and stigmata yellow : stigmata of the hinder wings dark brown at their base. 20 Draron engraved *Pui leshua , RP Heder, 1814 21 U-U27,67979-0847,2444 22. ค. R. 2492 - Teen๕๐e442 44 4 49 LANIUS. Generic character at page 19. TAB. XXI. LANIUS OBSCURUS. L. fuscescens; remigibus, rectricibusque ferrugineo- marginatis saturatioribus; capite nigricante; super- ciliis, gula, pectore, ventreque albis ; rostro, pedi- busque nigricantibus. Dusky Shrike. Lath. Syn. 1, 191, 46. Lanius obscurus. Gmel. Syst. 308, 45. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 81, 52. Habitat ? Mus. Brit. DUSKY SHRIKE. Brownish ; quills of tail and wings darker, margined with rust colour; head blackish ; eyebrows, throat, breast, and belly white; beak and feet blackish. Place unknown. Figured from the specimen in the British Museum, which was described by Dr. Latham many years ago ; no other specimen having occurred, and the bird being un- known to ornithologists, we cannot refrain from giving it a place in this work. K USMO1 selalom a 1809 löy otganidad song otest -mie zudioidluben TITAT DUITSTdet atsning (straigsme envolm nerd bis Song -100 arobocilsriosto mi nierd 2010 190111e az dodal aller blo) (alte9n9d geed 9dt & borraron qarw samom bojob MOD & diis 1890e pood DGTOVIMIZDO 911 TENTATIVA 21091 galo grd 10139 51 STROMBUS. STROMBUS, Lin., Gmel., Delamarck, CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa ventricosa: basis canali brevi truncato vel emar- ginato: labium exterius rectum, (in adultioribus sim- pliciter alatum, ala ad basin inferne emarginata). ANIMAL marinum, carnivorum, trachelipodum; cor- pore spirali; pede compresso ad cervicis basin infe- riorem. STROMBUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell ventricose; base with a short canal, which is either emarginate or truncate; external lip strait (in old shells dilated into a simple wing, notched at the base beneath). ANIMAL marine, carnivorous; body spiral, with a com- pressed foot at the inferior base of the neck. K 2 52 TAB. XXII. STROMBUS SLOANII. S. anfractu basilari lævis, basi longitudinaliter undu- lato-sulcato, apice processibus quadratis, compres- sis, elevatis ; anfractibus superis nodosis, longitu- dinaliter lineatis, lineis elevatis. Habitat ? Mus. Brit. SLOANE'S STROMBUS. Basal whirl smooth; base with longitudinal undulating grooves ; apex with elevated, compressed, quadrate proces- ses; superior volutions knotted, longitudinally lineated, the lines elevated. This shell has been considered as an accidental variety of Strombus Pugilis; but the distinctions between them are so strong, that I cannot accede to the opinion, although it is entertained by some eminent conchologists. The pro- cesses on the apex of the first volution, are for the most part marked beneath with a deeply-impressed groove, and those situated nearest to the base, are slightly hollowed on the inner side of the shell. 22 Dramos? Engravede peblisthed. lay Rotodder Tevisteck St Lorizon , 59 CHARACTER GENERICUS. HALIOTIS. Пснахас. Testa univalvis, depressa, auriformis; discus multiper- foratus; apex spiralis, spira sublaterali-dorsali aut subdorsali; os ovale, patulum, integrum. ANIMAL gasteropodum; caput conicum truncatum ; tentacula quatuor inæqualia, majoribus acutis, mino- ribus ad apicem oculigeris; pes magnus. suid app EARSHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. వీందర్ Shell univalve, depressed, ear-shaped ; disk with many perforations; apex spiral, the spire almost lateral-dorsal, or subdorsal ; mouth oval, spreading, entire. ANIMAL with a large foot on its belly; head conic, truncate; tentacula four, unequal, the larger ones acute, the smaller ones bearing eyes at their extremities. The Earshells adhere to rocks in the same manner as Limpets; but all the species (as far as I can learn) inhabit deep water, and generally at a short distance from the shore. 54 TAB. XXIII. HALIOTIS RUBER. JO H. ruber, transversim undulatus; longitudinaliter 'IUTAD lineatus, lineis crenulatis; spira dorsali. Habitat in Australasia. enou алу) olase toit 12 2010 sezonatolilasi SS18 RED EARSHELL. Do Red, transversely waved, with elevated, longitudinal, wrinkled lines. Sea е топы и отеть эроніU E Inhabits New Holland. Реги олшагай sihtottare perts ar A It aides hotele Todo o 23.099 spot sooo sop mur b93a5aq(105 Jedwomoa yllo tanto non lit avistatath JUSToled bojn9 isluobisquou izomda ne ovo wa TO 99110 lomasishabu darano di 10 9 Voorg afle mounts on yolcadian 200 Вона автости gagal mo ago ve argiseb bensori CD) saon lade bra do momento di ot 23 Pranon Engraved * Published by RPNovem. Savistock St London 55 OD UN GRYLLUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. I GRYLLUS, Fabricii. robot bon Metovnem today HD ACRYDIUM, Geoff., De Geer, Oliv., Lam., Latr. GRYLLUS (Locusta), Linnæus. 215STUDII JsdSH Antennæ filiformes sæpius subcompressæ, inter oculos inserta. Oculi ovati, prominentes, subperpendiculares. Ocelli tres frontales, uno ad oculorum canthum inter- num utrinque, altero infra antennas sulculo aut fossulo insertis. GH 1 siderul Elytra in utroque sexu consimilia. Pedes postici corpore longiores, saltatorii, tibiis utrin- que postice spinulosis. LOCUST. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenna filiform, generally somewhat compressed, in- serted before the eyes. Eyes ovate, prominent, almost perpendicular. Ocelli three, one on each side at the internal corner of the eye, another below the antennæ, in a little groove or impression. Elytra in both sexes alike. Hinder feet longer than the body, formed for leaping, the shanks on each side of the hinder margin spiny. The males of this genus emit a loud and shrill noise (for 56 the purpose of attracting the females), by rubbing their hinder shanks against their wings. The depredations committed on the vegetable world, by some species of locusts, is incalculable. They migrate in prodigious numbers, carrying desolation before them; and although they deprive mankind of a very considerable por- tion of their vegetable food, yet in return, they afford nu- triment of a wholesome and even palatable kind, they being eaten in the fresh as well as in the dried and salted states. TAB. XXIV. GRYLLUS AUSTRALASIÆ. G. rufescens; fronte producto; thorace arcuato-cris- tato, postice producto. Habitat in Australasia vulgatissimus. AUSTRALASIA LOCUST. Reddish; front produced ; thorax with an arched crest, produced behind. The annexed plate represents the male and female of this curious insect, which is extremely common in New Hol- land. The lower figure exhibits the male in a sitting po- sition. 24 സാംഗിനാഗിരി - വിക്കി leto og 25 Brunin Erecraved Published, by RP: Nodder. Yan-iste cheftreet, 1814. 57 TAB. XXV. GRYLLUS PICTUS. G. corpore viridescente, fusco, nigroque picto; alis flavis fascia nigricante, apice hyalinis ; tibiis posticis carneis: thorace carinato, postice producto. Habitat in Australasia. PAINTED LOCUST. Body greenish painted with brown and black; wings yellow with a black band, their points hyaline ; hinder shanks flesh-coloured; thorax carinated, produced behind. This beautiful Locust is a native of New Holland, where it appears to be not an uncommon insect. The hinder margin of the elytra towards the base, is generally green, bordered with light brown. The extreme joints of the wings are sometimes faintly mottled with brown, at other times. immaculate. I 59 to be ARVICOLA.de ARVICOLA, Duméril. Mus, Ray, Briss., Linn., Gmel., Cuv. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Dentes incisores ; simplices, elongati, recurvati; mo- lares coronis lateribusque sulcatis. Pedes simplices; antici tetradactyli; postici pentadac- tyli. Cauda teres, pilosa, corpore brevior, Aures breves. الدانا CAMPAGNOL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Cutting teeth in each jaw two, simple, elongate, recurved. Grinders in either jaw six, having their crowns and sides grooved. Feet simple; anterior ones with four, hinder with five toes. Tail rounded, hairy, shorter than the body. Ears short. Under the name Campagniol have been confounded several species of what are commonly termed short-tailed mice. They compose their nests of grass or moss, and place them beneath a large stone or in the hollow of a tree, leaving two entrances, to enable them to escape their ene- M 60 mies with facility: their food consists of fruits and of grass, and they are said to lay in a store of provisions for the win- ter. The prevailing colour (in most of the species) of the back, is a mixture of fulvous and black, the hairs being bluish-black below their points ; the hair of the belly gene- rally bluish-black, paler than that of the back, and tufted with silvery white: tail dark coloured above, and pale be- neath. An indigenous species (A. agrestis) has lately increased so much in the Royal Forest in Hampshire, as to threaten destruction to the young oaks, which they gnaw through a little beneath the surface of the ground. w i 199qu xi od gold baianomat 1 TAB. XXVI. ddiw olib 8 5. ARVICOLA XANTHOGNATHA. to 91:9d379bc bir 0 0 anetas A. fulvo nigroque varia, ventre argențeo-cinereo; malis id fülvis'; cauda alba supra nigra; pedibus fuscescenti- is bus subtus albidis. org yd Jöst s os bedeildsjea wo V 102 Habitat ad Hudson's Bay. 10124 16 000IT. 1918 FULVOUS-CHEEKED CAMPAGNOL. o Idsdata) dan 2 Back variegated with fulvous and black ; belly silvery ash-colour ; cheeks fulvous ; tail white, black above; feet brown, whitish beneath. B190093129 vlogo god This species was received from Hudson's Bay by Mr. Bullock, who kindly lent it to me for description. It is represented rather less than half of the natural size.. 892 alonan ерлат. recemy her copy % -аллиати, 31 W V: M UN ti KUNYW w with wym un 5 61 $t too reboot outnu strawbegele XIPHIAS. om XIPHIAS, auctorum. AUSTRIAS, quecorum cod angg y Iso 90t to CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput mandibula superiore longissima, ossea termi- natum. Corpus longum, alepidotum. oto 009 km shidan da des de 1301 durchweg 6 écharpe Haob amount SWORDFISH. haung an GENERIC CHARACTER. Head terminated by a very long bony upper-jaw. Body long, without scales. The Swordfish was well known to the ancients by Aris- totle's name of Eidlas; it is noticed also under the title of Gladius by Pliny, who records the circumstance of its pe- netrating ships, regarded by many writers as fabulous, but now established as a fact by the most unquestionable au- thority sc 102B bs Bidon The Cape of Pelorus (Capo Peloro or Capo di Faro), situated in the Straits of Messina, has long been celebrated for the resort of some species of Swordfish (probably X. Gla- dius), which is very common in the Mediterranean sea, and is taken by means of a spear in considerable abundance, being highly esteemed as an article of luxury by the Sicilie ans, who purchase it at a high price, “ The ancient method of taking them is particularly de- scribed by Strabo, lib. i. p. 6, and agrees exactly with that practised by the moderns."-Pennant. M 2 62 TAB. XXVII. XIPHIAS RONDELETII. X. corpore subscabro; linea laterali nulla; pinnis dor- sali et anali interruptis. Xiphias Rondeletii. Leach Mem. Wern. Soc. 2, 58, tab. 2, fig. 1. Habitat in mari Britannico, piscibus minoribus vic- titans. Rostrum compressum supra trisulcatum nigrum, in- fra subcarinatum albicans, Ligue Oculi subargenteo - viridescentes, pupilla albicante- cæruleo-atra. (Membrana branchiostega 5-radiata?) Pellis subscabra. Dorsum nigricans. berbagai Venter lateraque argenteo-alba. erobretot Pinna pectoralis argentea margine antico supra nigri- cante. Pinna dorsalis nigra interrupta, intervallo exarato. Pinna analis cæruleo-nigra interrupta. Linea lateralis nulla. RONDELETIAN SWORDFISH. Body rather rough, with no lateral line; dorsal and anal fins interrupted. Rondeletius is the only author who appears to have no- ticed this species, which he informs us inhabits the Italian 27 Chura ez sa Pulilished an RF Norber. Serreste de la Coroan. 63 seas. In his rude figure* the posterior anal fin is omitted; but his accurate description leaves no doubt as to the core rectness of the reference. The specimen I examined (through the kindness of P. Neill, Esq.) was taken in the Frith of Forth ; on dis- section it proved to be a female, and in its stomach the remains of small fish were discovered : the head was much lacerated ; part of the branchiostegous membrane there- fore may have been torn away, but this conjecture, must be decided by future observations. The superior process of the tail was also incomplete, although there can be little doubt, from what remains, that the appearance was similar to that exhibited in the annexed figure by a dotted line. The length of the body, including the rostrum, was eight feet three inches. The rostrum compressed, black, with three longitudinal grooves above, whitish, with a slight carination beneath. undsbadda aille1 It is at once distinguished from X. Gladiuso(common Swordfish) by the dorsal fin, which in that species, is con- nected : may it not be a sexual distinction of that species? The flesh was very excellent, and well tasted. EXO II. vt De Piscibus marinis 25. etter allgetob bang uqori orgi-olii59 zilsas so Blue ellos HHU HOW ALLIAVO La salle de foot de vue fastin e oovadoj 901 OR afa hao BUJINOA . stotisaki ZUIGAY SonN sorgeraaib motius perqab zivisviau ofast muitog glavo za isanob stqe edade x9q5 ans suslugetui IOGA á botbolt99 mzib baque usa bsassiqab svisvimus out gaibseqa isvo duom (sznob aniqa sdt Luz qa' LSID J mit ) 28ošl. A moi] bodaisjgaitzib ylibasi ei sungg einT erit qil no agbis 1911o ani to drol valigeri edi yd (last 1914 ste hoor q ei suge adi sa znojisno 130, 19wal ass xəib and 900 Maundorg a ад ja 100g daw a Gas ədI 119 abdi adu 10 ) di 65 PADOLLUS PADOLLUS, De Montfort. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa univalvis, depressa, auriformis; discus perfora- tus; apex spiralis, spira dorsali; os ovale, patulum, irregulare. PADOLLUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell univalve depressed ear-shaped; disk perforated; apex spiral, the spine dorsal ; mouth oval, spreading, irre- gular. This genus is readily distinguished from Haliotis (Ear- shell) by the irregular form of the outer edge or lip; the disk has fewer perforations, and the spire is placed farther on the back. The animal is unknown, but it is probably not very un- like that of the Earshell. 66 TAB. XXVIII. PADOLLUS SCALARIS. P. albidus rufo-variegatus; anfractibus longitudinaliter elevato-tricostatis; anfractu basilari ad apicem sca- lari, costa inferiore nodosa, media (5-) perforata, superiore longitudinaliter striata, insterstitiis crenu- latis. Habitat Mus: Brit: STAIRCASE PADOLLUS. Whitish variegated with rufous; whirls with three lon- gitudinal elevated ribs ; basal volution staircase-like above, with the inferior rib knotted, middle rib perforated (with five holes), upper rib longitudinally striated, the spaces between the striæ wrinkled. There is one specimen of this rare shell in the British Museum, which is the only species of the genus that I have had an opportunity of examining Country unknown. The number of perforations may probably not be con- stant; the character is therefore not introduced without Caution. 28 Fromm Engma neden Pue estas la By Rmb aer. Tovistock unifordon. 67 BULIMUS. BULIMUS, Scopoli, Bruguière, Delamarck, De Mont- . BULLA, Martini. CHARACTER GENERĪCUS. Testa univalvis ovalis vel oblongo-ovalis: spira elevata : anfractus ultimus maximus: os integrum subovale : columella lævis, simplex: labium externum crassum, externe marginatum ; internum ultra medium ca- vernoso-inflexum. ANIMAL trachelipodum, corpore spirali, pede com- presso ad cervicis basin inferiorem: capite tentaculis quatuor inæqualibus, superioribus longioribus, ocu- ligeris, os breve: mandibulis duabus validis: oper- culum nullum. BULIMUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell univalve, oval or oblong-oval: spire elevated : basal whirl very large : mouth entire, somewhat oval : pillar smooth, simple : external lip thick, externally margined ; internal lip beyond the middle inflected, with a hollow be- neath. ANIMAL with a compressed foot at the inferior base of the neck; body spiral ; head with four tentacula, the upper ones longest bearing the eyes; mouth short, with two strong jaws; no operculum. The shells of this genus, which are named by the French collectors, fausse oreille de Midas, inhabit the land, living amongst rocks and trees on various kinds of vegetable food. N 68 IB. XXIX. TAB. XXIX. BULIMUS HÆMASTOMUS. . B. fuscus; anfractibus sex oblique striatis ; labiis ro- seis. Bulla pseudo auris Midæ. Mart. Conch. 9, tab. 1199, fig. 1022, 1022. Bulimus hæmastomus. Lam. Syst. des Anim, sans Vert. 91, Bulimus oblongus. Brug. Enc. Art. Vers, No. 34. Bulimus roseus. De Montford Conch. Syst. tom. 2, p. 259. Habitat in Cayenne et in St. Thomæ Insula. ROSE-MOUTHED BULIMUS. Brown, with six obliquely striated volutions; mouth rose-coloured Bulimus Hæmastomus inhabits Cayenne and the Isle of St. Thomas, where it occurs in great plenty. The eggs are said to be furnished with a hard shell. In France it is sold under the title, fausse oreille de Midas de Cayenne. The figure given by Martini is very bad, and does not re- present the striæ, which form an important character. Be- neath the epidermis the shell is dirty white. eine 29 e renon Engmanisesh Published by.RPNozzer: Yuves to che si fonden 69 MYRMELEON. MYRMELEON, Linn., De Geer, Fabr., Gmel., Oliv., Lam., Cuv., Latr. FORMICALEO, Geoffroy. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenna corpore breviores, subgradatim extrorsum crassiores, arcuatæ, acumine distincto ad apicem instructæ. Palpi sex; labiales longiores, extrorsum subcrassiores. Oculi indivisi. Abdomen longissimum, lineare. Corpus brevissime villosulum. Tibiæ hirtæ, calcaribus duobus validis terminatæ. Tarsi 5-articulati. MYRMELEON. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennæ shorter than the body, somewhat gradually thickening towards their extremities, arcuated, furnished at their extremities with a distinct little point. Palpi six; labial longest, somewhat thicker at their extremities. Eyes undivided, composed of one segment. Abdomen very long, linear. Body very short-villose. Shanks bristly, terminated by two strong spurs. Tarsi five-jointed. 70 The Mymeleones feed on other insects, which they are said to take whilst on the wing: they deposit their eggs in sandy places, and the larvæ when hatched, are described as forming an ingenious kind of trap for the purpose of taking their prey, which consists of small insects. For a minute detail of the economy of these interesting insects, I must refer to the elaborate works of Rösel and Reaumur. We have no indigenous species. TAB. XXX. MYRMELEON ERYTHROCEPHALUM. M. nigricans; capite, collo, coxis, femoribusque qua- tuor anterioribus rufescentibus; alis hyalinis, iridi- centibus fusco-maculatis, margine postico fusescente. Habitat in Australasia. Mus. Dom. Macleay, Brown. RED-HEADED MYRMELEON. Blackish ; head, neck, coxæ, and four anterior thighs red- dish ; wings hyaline, spotted with fuscous brown, hinder margin brownish. This elegant species was discovered in New Holland by R. Brown, Esq.; it has since been once received by A. Macleay, Esq. from the same country, where it seems to be of rare occurrence. The spots on the wings of the same individual are subject to some variation ; I suspect however, that three spots on the hinder wings, will be found to be a tolerably constant character. 30 Dronn Engrando y published by 2 P roddwr Iaidonk Capizzone. 71 CUCULUS. CUCULUS, auctorum. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum teretiusculum, gracile, subincurvatum. Nares prominulæ. Pedes simplices, digitis duobus anticis, duobus posticis, externis longioribus: ungues æquales. CUCKOW. cubed GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak rounded, slender, slightly incurved. Nostrils prominent, margined. Feet simple, with two toes before and two behind, the external toes longest: nails equal. The feet are generally considered as scansorious, or formed for climbing (pedes scansorii); but this not being the case, they must be regarded as simple feet, having two toes before and two behind. The tail is composed of ten feathers, of which those towards the middle are the longest, the lateral ones being remarkably short. ار Cuckows feed on larvæ or caterpillars, and on perfect insects: they are remarkable for neglecting their young, the female always depositing her eggs singly in the nests of smaller birds. Soon after it is hatched it begins to throw the other young birds from the nest, which it accomplishes by gently elevating them one by one to the brink of the 72 nest, and jirking them over. The foster-parents continue to feed the cuckow for some time after it leaves the nest, notwithstanding which it never acquires their notes ; whereas all those birds who possess the faculty of mimickry or of learning tunes, if hatched under another species of bird, invariably gain their peculiar song, although it is ge- nerally combined with their own natural notes. TAB. XXXI. CUCULUS AFER. C. atro-virens; capite cristato ; gula, pectore, ventre- que latescentibus illå nigro-maculata: Habitat -? AFRICAN CUCKOW. Black-green; head crested; throat, breast, and belly dirty yellowish, the former mottled with sooty-black. This new and beautiful bird was lent to me by Mr. Leadbeater, of Brewer-street, who received it from Africa. It seems to be a slight variety of the Coucou Edolio va- riété of Levaillant, described in his Oiseau d'Afrique, vol, v. 44, 209. 37 Dramon Engraves e Published by RP Vodder Tavistock ft lenden 73 AURICULA. AURICULA, Seba, De Lamarck. BULIMUS, Bruguière. AURICULUS, De Montford. VOLUTA, Linnæus, Gmelin. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa univalvis, ovalis aut oblonga, spiralis: spira cle- vata, regularis, subobtusa, anfractu ultimo maximo: os integrum, elongatum, angustum: columella pli- cata: labium externum incrassatum. ANIMAL, tentaculis duobus brevibus, oculis ad basin interne; operculo nullo. AURICULA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell univalve, oval or oblong, spiral: spire elevated, re- gular, somewhat obtuse, the last whirl very large: mouth entire, elongate, narrow : pillar plicate; external lip thick- ened. ANIMAL with two short tentacula, with eyes at their in- ternal base; operculum none. The shells of this genus inhabit woods and marshes. 0 % 774 TAB. XXXII. AURICULA MIDÆ. A. fuscescente-lutea, anfractibus superis, et basilari superne granulatis; ore albido ; columella biplicata, dente supero majore. Voluta auris Midæ. Linn. Syst. Nat. Auris Midæ. Klein 2, 37, Tab. vii. f. 122. Mart. Conc. 2, Tab. xliii. f. 437, 438. Auricula Midæ. De Lam, Syst. des an. sans Vert. 92, 49. Habitat in India Orientali. MIDAS'S AURICULA. Yellowish brown, upper whirls and apex of the body vo- Jution granulated; mouth whitish ; pillar with two folds, the upper one largest. This rare shell inhabits the East Indies, and is said to reside in moist woods and marshes. In France it is named 56 Oreille de Midas," it has been confounded with Voluta auris Judæ of Linnæus. 32 Doremon Encjonaved on published by RPN oder 75 TEREBRATULA. TEREBRATULA, De Lamarck. ANOMIA, Linnæus, Gmelin. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa bivalvis, inæquivalvis; valvæ convexæ; majore umbone producta, rostriformi, perforata ; minore processu utrinque interne osseo instructâ: cardo bidentata. ANIMAL processu tubiformi, brevi per foramen exe- unte affixum: brachiis duobus elongatis, retractili- bus, per totam longitudinem ad unum latus ciliatis. TEREBRATULA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell bivalve, unequal-valved; valves convex ; the larger valve with the beak produced, rostriform, and perforated; smaller valve with a bony process on either side, and a hinge with two teeth. ANIMAL affixed by a short tube-like process which passes through the perforation at the beak : arms two, elongate, retractile, ciliated along the whole of one side. The Terebratulæ are not only highly interesting to the Zoologist, from the curious structure of the animal, but are of great importance to the geologist, who by means of the various species which occur in a fossil state, is enabled to ascertain with great accuracy the kind of bed or stratum in which they may be included. This genus might perhaps be distributed into several 76 sections, from the undulations or the sculpture of the shell, some being quite plain, others ribbed, and others again being undulated with and without ribs. We have one indigenous species (supposed to be T. Cra- nium of Müller), discovered in Zetland by that indefati- gable naturalist the Rev. Dr. Fleming, which will be given in the eleventh volume of the Transactions of the Linnæan Society, by G. Montagu, Esq. TAB. XXXIII. TEREBRATULA SANGUINEA. T. testa sanguinea, subtillissime et creberrime im- presso-punctata, longitudinaliter costata, costis sim- plicibus; antice uniundulata. Habitat in Nova Zelandia, BLOOD-RED TEREBRATULA. Shell blood-red, very finely and very thickly covered by impressed dots, longitudinally ribbed, ribs simple; anterior margin with one undulation. On either side of the hinge of the smaller valve is a bifid process, and another towards the centre of the same valve, as shewn in one of the lower figures. It seems to be a very rare species, a few specimens only having been received from New Zealand. 33 Drenin Eng smernünde Prentistica Dey RPA day Javistock ft Pondon 77 MANTIS. MANTis, auctorum, CHARACTER GENERICUS. . Antenna setiformes inter oculos insertæ: labrum inte grum: palpi cylindrici, articulo ultimo cylindrico- conico. Corpus depressum, alatum: caput inerme: anus sty- lis duobus multi-articulatis, alæ membranaceæ, re- ticulatæ, margine costali late coriaceo : elytra cor- poris longitudine aut longiora : pedes simplices, an- ticis raptoriis: tarsi 5-articulati: pulvilli nulli. Thorax segmento unico antice dilatatus, MANTIS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennæ setaceous, inserted between the eyes : labrum entire: palpi cylindric, the last joint cylindric-conic. Body depressed, winged: head simple : anus with two many-jointed styles: wings membranaceous, reticulated, the costal margin broadly coriaceous: elitra as long as the body, or longer : feet simple, anterior pair raptorious : tarsi five jointed: pulvilli none. Thorax composed of one segment, broader in front. Many species of Mantis resemble fresh or dried leaves, whence they are frequently denominated walking-leaves : they occur in various parts of the world, but are never found in cold climates. In some parts of Africa they are said to be held sacred by the natives; but the truth of this assertion has not been clearly shown. 78 TAB. XXXIV. MANTIS AUSTRALASLÆ. M. alis, elytrisque acuminatis, illis antice viridibus postice fuscescentibus, subpellucidis; bis fuscescen- tibus fusco-reticulatis, costa ad basin subrufescenti: thorace subcarinato, marginato, lateribus antice spi- nulosis. Habitat in Australasia. Mus. Dom. Macleay. AUSTRALASIAN MANTIS. Wings and elytra acuminate, the latter green before, brownish and somewhat pellucid behind; the former brown- ish, reticulated with brown, the costal margin slightly reddish at the base : thorax slightly carinated, margined, the sides anteriorly with little spines. Described from a specimen in the collection of A. Mac- leay, Esq. who obtained it from New-Holland, where it is far from common. Draron Engranned & Dritablished, Cur.. Voir 79 OURAPTERYX. PIALÆNA, auctorum. CHARACTER GENERICUS. . Antennæ in utroque sexu setaceæ, simplices. Palpi cylindrici, breviter-hirsuti, obtusi, articulo ul- timo penultimo breviore. Ale extensæ ; anticæ triangulatæ; posticæ truncato- caudata. Lakva nuda, geometrica, 10-poda. OURAPTERYX. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennæ in both sexes setaceous, simple. Palpi cylindric, shortly-hirsute, obtuse, the last shorter than the penultimate joint. Wings extended; anterior ones triangular ; hinder ones truncate-caudate. CATERPILLAR naked, looping, with ten feet. P 80 TAB. XXXV. FIG. I. OURAPTERYX POLITATA. 0. citrina; alis fascia transversa maculisque fusco- luteis; anticis macula semicirculari nigricante; pos- ticis ciliis internis et posticis fuscescentibus. Phalana politata. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 3, p. 2, 163, 123, Cram. Ins. 2, Tab. 199, E. Habitat Surinami. POLISHED OURAPTERYX. Citron-colour ; wings with a transverse band and spots of brownish yellow, anterior ones with a semicircular black- ish spot; hinder ones with the internal and hinder fringe brownish. Inhabits Surinam. FIG. II. OURAPTERYX SAMBUCARIA. 0. flavicans, alis anticis strigis duabus, posticis striga unica obscurioribus, his apice bipunctatis. Phalana Sambucaria. Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 860, 203. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 2, 134, 19. Habitat in Europæ Sambuco vulgatissime. ELDER OURAPTERYX. Yellowish ; anterior wings with two stripes, hinder with one dark stripe, the latter with two spots at their tips. I cannot conceive what can have induced Linnæus and his followers to ascribe pectinated antennæ to this species : it is found in abundance throughout the greater part of Europe, and is named in Britain the Swallow-tail Moth. 35 1 2 81 AMBLYRAMPHUS* CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum rectum, subconicum, apice obtuso, depresso. Pedes simplices, ambulatorii digitis tribus anticis, uno postico. AMBLYRAMPHUS. GENERIG CHARACTER. Beak strait, somewhat conic, point obtuse, depressed. Feet simple, formed for walking, with three toes before, and one behind. This genus differs from Oriolus (Oriole), in having the point of the beak rounded and depressed instead of sharp. The bare spot in the forehead behind the base of the upper mandible terminates in a point, as in the genuine Orioles. I am induced to consider this as a distinct genus, rather from the opinion of others, than from my own judgment; but as all the known species of Oriole have the point of their beaks acute, this distinction of form may prove to be a very natural and important generic character. * Ab Außaus, obtusus, (blunt), et pépeos, rostrum, (a beak). 82 TAB. XXXVI. AMBLYRAMPHUS BICOLOR A. nigro-ater; capite, collo, gula, pectore, femoribus- que coccineis; rostro, pedibusque nigricantibus. Habitat in Cayenne? Mus. Dom. Comyns. BICOLORED AMBLYRAMPHUS. Deep black approaching to sooty-black; head, neck, throat, breast, and thighs, scarlet; beak and feet blackish. This new and singular bird is figured from the extensive ornithological collection of my friend W. Comyns, Esq. of Mount Pleasant, near Dawlish. It is supposed to inhabit Cayenne. Povran dan orals 136 والورود روحه .שעננן בענ Dranon graved & Published by R.P. Nodder Tavistock st London. 83 CARYCHIUM. CARYCHIUM, Müller. HELIX, Gmelin, TURBO, Montagu, Maton et Rackett. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa univalvis, ovalis aut oblonga, spiralis: spira ele- vata, regularis, obtusa, anfractibus duobus ultimis maximis: os integrum, elongatum: labium internum plicatum, infra medium cavernoso-inflexum; exter- num incrassatum, marginatum. ANIMAL tentaculis duobus cylindricis, brevibus, ob- tusis, oculis ad basin postice : operculo nullo. CARYCHIUM. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell univalve, oval or oblong, spiral; spire elevated, re- gular, obtuse, with the two last whirls very large; mouth entire, elongate : internal lip plicate, with a hollow below the middle: external lip thickened, margined. ANIMAL with two cylindric, short, obtuse tentacula, with eyes at their internal base; operculum none. The genus Carychium was instituted from the structure of the animal by Müller, but it has either been confounded with Auricula, (from which it is at once distinguished by having the two last volutions remarkably larger than the others, and by the want of the upper part of the inner lip), or has been entirely neglected by the followers of De La- marck. 84 TAB. XXXVII. CARYCHIUM UNDULATUM. C. anfractibus quinque, basilari lutescente fasciis fusco- ferrugineis obliquis undulosis, superis fusco-ferru- gineis concoloribus, elevato-undulatis; ore albo, labio interno uniplicato. Habitat in St. Vincent insula. UNDULATED CARYCHIUM. Whirls five, the last dirty yellow with brown-rusty ob- lique undulating bands; upper volutions plain brown-rust coloured with elevated undulations; mouth white, internal lip with one fold. Inhabits St. Vincent. The following species inhabits Britain, viz. CARYCHIUM MINIMUM. C. pellucido-albidum; anfractibus quinque longitudi- naliter striatis; labio interno bidentato. Carychium minimum. Müll. Verm. 2, 125, 321. Helix Carychium. Gmel. Syst. 3665. Turbo Carychium. Mont. Test. Brit. 2, 339. Trans. Lin. Soc. 8, 182. Pult. Hutch. Dorset. tab. 21, fig. 16. IIabitat in Europæ sylvis sub muscis passim. LEAST CARYCHIUM. Pellucid-whitish, with five longitudinally-striated volu- tions ; internal lip with two teeth or folds. Inhabits the European woods under moss every where. When alive the shell is brownish, with the basal and half of the penultimate whirl whitish. The inner lip has sometimes the rudiment of a third tooth placed above the other two teeth. 37 Drann Esagovormed on published by Rr Nooderi Jaristock. St London 85 AVICULA. MYTILLUS, Linn., Gmel., Chem., &c. Avicula, Cuvier, De Lamarck, Sowerby. GENERIC CHARACTER. Testa bivalvis, inæquivalvis, alata, ad unum latus pau- lulum hians: ala inæquales: cardo obsolete, obtuse unidentatus: ligamentum marginale. ANIMAL byssoferum. BIRDSHELL, Shell bivalve; unequal-valved, winged, gaping on one side : wings unequal : hinge with one obsolete obtuse tooth: ligament marginal. ANIMAL furnished with a byssus. The shells of this genus are generally furnished with a very long wing-like process on that edge opposite to the gaping side, and this wing varies in proportion to the body of the shell in the different species. The inner border is generally of a darker colour, without that pearly lustre, which characterises the inside surface; in some of the species (particularly in those with short wing-like processes) both valves are similar in this respect; in others this peculiarity is predominant in, or is entirely confined to, the smaller valve. One indigenous species has been discovered amongst some coral from the Plymouth Sound, by that most zea- lous and successful investigator of British shells, C. Pri- deaux Esq. of Kingsbridge. 86 TAB. XXXVIII. FIG. I. AVICULA CHINENSIS. A. luteo-citrina, glabra, fasciis duabus fusco-rufis ra- diatis. Habitat in Mari Sinensi. CHINESE AVICULA. Dirty-citron colour, smooth, with two brownish-red radiating bands. This pretty shell is found in the Chinese seas in great abundance. The letter a, points out the situation of the byssus or beard by which it adheres to rocks, corals, and other hard bodies. FIG. II. AVICULA MORIO. A. testa nigra, concentrice striata ; epidermite fusca, undulato-elevata, in lineas ab umbone radiantes di- gesta. Habitat in India orientali apud Pulo Condore, insulam. BLACK AVICULA. Black, striated concentrically; epidermis brown, elevated into undulations, which are arranged in lines ratiating from the beak. This rare shell was obtained from Pulo Condore, an East Indian island, and is preserved in the British Museum. 3 .. 1 2. Этатт. Столчихъ у Рахова г., клуб «у. 87 TETTIGONIA. CICADA, Linn., Oliv., Lam., Latr., doc. TETTIGONIA, Fabricii, Donovan. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antennæ inter oculos insertæ, sex-articulatæ, decres- centes, articulo ultimo setiformi ad apicem com- presso. Ocelli tres triangulum delinientes. Oculi valde prominentes. Rostrum triarticulatum, articulis primis duobus brevi- bus, ultimo longissimo. Tarsi tri-articulati. Elytra et Ala nervosæ sæpius vitreæ, acute deflexæ, illis abdomine longioribus Caput transversum, fronte elevata, transversim striata. Thorax segmento antico transverso-lineari. Scutellum in crucem decussatum prominens. Abdo- men trigono-conicum. Pedes breves approximati; antici femoribus incrassatis dentatis.”—Latreille. 66 TETTIGONIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne inserted between the eyes, composed of six at- tenuating joints, the last joint setiform, with the point com- pressed Ocelli three, arranged in a triangle. 88 Eyes very prominent. Rostrum three-jointed, the two first joints short, the third very long Tarsi three-jointed. Elytra and wing's nervose, generally glassy, acutely de- flexed, the former longer than the abdomen. “ Head transverse, with the front elevated and striated transversely. Thorax with the first segment transversely li- near. Scutellum like the letter X, prominent. Abdomen tri- angular-conic. Feet short and approximate; anterior thighs thich, toothed."-Latreille. The Tettigoniæ emit a very shrill sound, whence they are called by the French, chanteuses, or singers: they are sup- posed to be the cicada of Virgil, which idea has caused some entomologists to retain that name to this genus; but this being a very doubtful point, the name given by Fa- bricius should not have been rejected. 1 39 1 2 Www.nos Cremicnine. das Published, en RPNébour Javistele ft Rondon 89 TAB. XXXIX. FIG. I. TETTIGONIA MARGINATA. T. nigra ; dorso fasciis, thorace maculis, alarum costa, pedibusque rufescentibus ; alis elytrisque hyalinis, immaculatis : femoribus antice nigro. Habitat in Australasia. MARGINED TETTIGONIA. Black ; bands on the back, spots on the thorax, fore edge of the wings and feet reddish ; wings and elytra hya- line, without spots ; anterior part of the thighs black. Inhabits New Holland. FIG. II. TETTIGONIA HARRISII. T. nigra ; capite thoraceque maculis, dorso fasciis ru- fescentibus ; pedibus posticis, femoribus quatuor anterioribus ventreque lutescentibus ; abdomine utrinque macula laterali, sericea, pallida. Habitat in Australasia vulgatissime. HARRISIAN TETTIGONIA. Black; head and thorax spotted, and back banded with reddish ; hinder feet, four anterior thighs, and belly, dirty R 90 yellow; abdomen on either side with a lateral, pale, silky spot. Tettigonia Harrisii is very common in New Holland. It was first sent home by the late G. P. Harris, Esq. who informed me that it was named by the colonists, (from the noise it made whilst on the wing), the Razor-grinder, 91 MICTIS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput ad oculos in thoracem intrusum: vertex ocellis duobus transversim dispositis: antenna filiformes 4-articulatæ, articulis cylindricis, æqualibus, aut primo sublongiore. Pedes anteriores consimiles, postici femoribus incras- satis, tibiisque interne dilatatis: tarsi ommes triarti- culati, articulo primo reliquis conjunctis longiore. Corpus elongatum, supra planum: thorax trigonus antice valde angustatus: abdomen lateribus dilatatis. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head immersed even to the eyes within the thorax; ver- tes with two ocelli placed transversely ; antenna filiform, four-jointed, joints cylindric, equal, or with the first joint rather longer. Anterior four feet alike in size and form ; hinder ones with thick thighs and with the internal side of the tibiæ di- lated; tarsi all three-jointed, the first joint longer than the other two conjoined. Body elongate, flat above; thorax triangular, very nar- row in front; abdomen with dilated sides. 92 TAB. XL. MICTIS CRUCIFERA. M. fuscescens; antennis articulo extimo, dorsoque macula decussata flavicantibus: femoribus anterio- ribus subtus bispinulosis. Habitat in Australasia frequens. CROSS-BEARING MICTIS. Brownish; last joint of the antennæ and a cross-shaped mark on the back yellow; four anterior thighs with two small spines beneath. Inhabits New Holland, where it is not uncommon. The upper figure represents the male insect, which is distinguished from the other sex by the more acute expan- sion of the hinder shanks, and by three elevations on the under side of the base of the abdomen ; the whole animal too is narrower, as in most other male insects. 40 Dreinn Eggy moved oh Publione by R P Nader Tavistock, London 9S PIPRA. PIPRA. Linn., Lath., Gmel., Cuv., Dum. MANACUS, Brisson. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum breve, validum, basi subtrigonum apice sub- incurvum. Pedes simplices, digitis tribus anticis*, uno postico. Ungues curvati sæpius compressi. Cauda brevis. MANAKIN. . GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak strong, with the base somewhat triangular, and the point slightly curved. Feet simple, with three toes before and one behind ; nails curved, and generally compressed : the middle and outer toes connected at their base. Tail short. The Manakins are remarkable for the gaiety of their colours, and are represented as very lively birds, seldom remaining long in the same attitude; their flight is short, but quick; they frequent woods; most of the species live in societies, and many of them are said to sing delightfully. Some Pipre nidificate in hollows, and are said to con- pose their nests of coarse materials. In the early editions of the Systema Naturæ, Linnæus confounded Pipra with Parus (Titmouse), but in the twelfth edition he established it as a distinct genus. * Medio cum erteriore ad basin saltem connezo. 94 TAB. XLI. PIPRA DESMARETII. P. cæruleo-atra, nitens; ventre albido; ano, gula, pectoreque coccineis. Habitat in Australasia rarior. DESMARETIAN MANAKIN. Shining blue-black; belly whitish ; vent, throat, and breast, scarlet. I am indebted for this new and elegant species of Ma- nakin, to Mr. A. Huey, by whom it was discovered in New Holland, where it appears to be of very rare occur- rence, two specimens only having been observed in the English collections. It is named after Desmaret, author of a most splendid work on this genus of birds. 41 Drumon Engmaneath Published by RPN modur: Tavistock Lovesovi) SCARABUS Helix, Linnæi. UTATAS SCARABUS, De Montford. CHARACTER GENERICUS, Testa univalvis, oblongo-ovalis, spiralis : spira elevata, regularis, acuta; anfractu ultimo maximo: os inte- grum, elongatum, angustum; labium internum den- tatum, infra medium cavernoso-inflexum ; labium externum incrassatum, submarginatum. ANIMAL SCARABUS. GENERIG CHARACTER. Shell univalve, oblong-oval, spiral; spire elevated, re- gular, acute; last whirl very large; mouth entire, long and narrow; internal lip toothed, with a hollow below the middle; external lip thickened, somewhat margined. ANIMAL unknown, but it is probably very analogous to the genus Carychium. s 2 96 TAB. XLII. SCARABUS IMBRIUM. S. albidus ferrugineo-variegatus; labio interno tripli- cato dente supero elongato; labio externo dentibus 4-5 inæqualibus. Helix Scarabæus, Linn. Cochlea Imbrium. Rumph. Scarabus Imbrium. De Mont, Conch. Syst. vol. 2, p. 306. IMBRIAL SCARABUS. Whitish, variegated with rust-colour; internal lip with three folds, the upper one elongate ; external lip with four or five unequal teeth. The Imbrial Scarabus is rare; it inhabits the marshes and woods of Asia, and, according to Linnæus, occurs like- wise amongst the mountains. 42 Drawn Enegre ved Pablisha by R.A.Nodour. Tavistock Sf Lorwoma. 97 AVICULA. CHARACTER GENERICUS, at page 85. BIRDSHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER, at page 85. . In the last Number, two species of the first family of this genus were introduced, and it was my intention to have given the Pearl Shell in the following plate; but it seemed to be a more desirable object, first to point out the characters of the second division of Avicula, which in ge- neral form bears a very near resemblance to the genus Margarita, although the structure of the hinge is so totally distinct. 98 TAB. XLIII. AVICULA RADIATA. A. testa grisea, radiis purpurascentibus : epidermide concentrice elevata, processibus in lineis radiantibus digestis. Habitat in Indiæ occidentalis mari? RAYED BIRDSHELL. Shell griseous with purplish rays : epidermis concentri- cally elevated, with processes arranged into radiating lines. This shell is generally supposed to inhabit the West-In- dian Seas, but I have not been able to ascertain the truth of this conjecture. The elevated processes of the epidermis, on close exami- nation, seem to be membranaceous, with fine concentric rings of shelly matter deposited on them. 43 Spanien Engraved & Puweisher by RPN Gadera Yaristock si fondon 99 NEBALIA. CANCER, Herbst. MONOCULUS, Montagu. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Thorax latera amplectans, antice rostrata, rostro mo- bili. Abdomen 5-articulatum, articulo primo subrecondito, ultimo processibus duobus elongato-conicis setà ter- minatis. Oculi duo pedunculati, mobiles sub rostro recondendi. Antenna duæ supra oculos insertæ, articulo ultimo bi- fido multi-articulato. Pedes duodecim; pari antico longiore, simplici; seg- mento ultimo multiarticulato; paribus quinque pos- terioribus æqualibus, approximatis, articulo ultimo bifido. NEBALIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell embracing the sides, with a moveable rostrum in front. Abdomen five-jointed, the first joint partly concealed, the last joint with two elongate-conic processes terminated with a seta. Eyes two, pedanculated, moveable, capable of being re- tracted beneath the rostrum. Antennæ two, inserted above the eyes, the last joint bifid and composed of many smaller joints. Feet twelve; anterior pair longest, simple, with the last joint composed of many other joints; five hinder pair equal, and approximate, with the last joint bifid. 100 In a systematic work, this genus would hold a very con- spicuous and important place, as it is not referable to any family hitherto established. Its breathing organs are the same as in the other Crustacea Malacostraca, to which subclass it belongs. TAB. XLIV. NEBALIA HERBSTII. N. griseo aut cinereo-flavicante; oculis nigris. Cancer bipes. Herbst von Kraben. tom. 2, tab.34, fig. 7. Monoculus rostratus. Montagu Trans. Lin. Soc. 11, p. 14, tab. 2, fig. 5. Habitat in oceano Europeo. HERBSTIAN NEBALIA. Grey or cinereous-yellow, with black eyes. Inhabits the European ocean. This curious animal was first described by Herbst, in his elaborate work on the Linnean genus Cancer, and after- wards by Montagu in the eleventh volume of the Trans- actions of the Linnean Society; but as neither of these au- thors were acquainted with the exact number of legs, and as it constitutes a very distinct genus from any given by modern writers, I have introduced it into this Miscellany, for the purpose of pointing out its characters. It is not uncommon in the south-west and western coasts of England, occurring under stones that lay on mud amongst the hollows of the rocks. The under figure re- presents the animal of the natural size, the other magni- fied. To avoid confusion, the members of one side only are exhibited. 44 mann Erymandu Perkulisha 4 RT. Nádor Tavirilinck Stalozzon 101 NYMPHES CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenne filiformes corpore breviores, articulis medio subcrassioribus. Palpi quatuor : Exteriores articulo ultimo præcedente sublongiore, cylindrico, apice obtuso : Interiores articulo ultimo præcedente longiore, sub- clavato, apice acuminato. Labium medio emarginatum. Ocelli nulli. Tibia apice bicalcaretæ. Tarsi 5-articulati, articulis integris : ungues duo cur- vati: pulvilli duo. NYMPHES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenna filiform shorter than the body, with joints somewhat thicker in the middle. Palpi four : exterior ones with the last somewhat longer than the penultimate joint, apex obtuse: internal ones with the last joint longer than the penultimate joint, somewhat clubbed, with the point acuminate. Lip with the middle notched. Ocelli none. Tibix with two spurs at their points. Tarsi five-jointed, joints entire; nails two, curved; pula villi two. T 102 This genus is at once distinguished from Osmylus by the absence of ocelli, and from Hemerobius by the form of its palpi ; but there are other distinctions between these ge- nera, which may be discovered by comparing their cha- racters. TAB. XLV. NYMPHES MYRMELEONOIDES. N. corpore pedibusque rufescentibus ; antennis nigris apice rufis ; alis hyalinis apice pterigostiisque rufes- centibus illis macula albicante. Habitat in Australasia. Mus. Macleay, Nostr. Totum corpus, et pedes griseo-rufescunt. Abdominis dorsum nigricans. Pterigostium costale totum, et pterigostia sub-costale et post-costale basi nigra. ANTLION NYMPHES. Body and feet reddish ; antennæ black, tipped with reddish ; wings hyaline, with reddish tips and wing-bones, the tips with a white spot. For this new and elegant insect, I am indebted to the kindness and liberality of my worthy friend W.J. Hooker, Esq. who sent it to me, together with his whole collection of neuropterous insects, on which I propose hereafter to write a dissertation. There is another specimen in the museum of A. Macleay, Esq. Body and feet griseous reddish; back of the abdomen blackish; all the costal, and the base of the sub and post- costal wing-bones, black. 45 Dranon Engraved of Published by RP Wonder Yaristock Sf London 10S HIPPOCAMPUS. HIPPOCAMPUS*, Plinii. SYNGNATHUS, Linn., Bl., Gmel., Cuv., Dum., &-c. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus compressum scutis polyhedris cataphractum, articulatum, tuberculatum: truncus heptagonus, altus, pinnis pectoralibus, dorsali analique distinctis: cauda tetragona, aptera. Caput crassum, cristatum, antice in rostrum subcom- pressum productum: os minimum, inerme, termi- nale, mandibula inferiore tantum mobili : nucha ex- spiraculo utrinque uno. HIPPOCAMPUS. bib GENERIC CHARACTER. Body compressed, armed with polyhedral scales, jointed, tuberculated : trunk seven-sided, high, with pectoral, dor- sal, and anal fins distinct : tail four-sided, without the cau- dal fin. Head thick, crested, anteriorly produced into a snout terminated by a small toothless mouth, having the under jaw alone moveable : neck on each side, with one hole for exspiration. | anal fins distinct : tail I have for some time considered the Syngnathus of au- * 'Item'óxica perros ab irros equus, (a horse), et xapotw, fecto, (to bend). U 104 thors as constituting a family*, rather than a genus, and now venture to unite some of the species under the generic appellation Hippocampus, a name by which, at least, one of the species was known to ancient naturalistsup. A. Corpore haud ramulifero. (Body not bearing branches). Sp. 1. HIPPOCAMPUS TRIMACULATUS. H. corpore angulis subtuberculatis; crista 5-tubercu- lata ; oculis superne gulaque utrinque spina acuta armatis. Habitat in mari Sinensi et Indico vulgatissimus, lateri- bus utrinque maculis tribus nigris notatus. THREE-SPOTTED HIPPOCAMPUS. Angles of body slightly tuberculated; crest with five tubercles ; eyes above, and the throat on each side armed with a sharp spine. This species is very abundant in the Indian and Chinese The upper part of the sides, in all the specimens which I have examined, are marked with three black spots. seas. Sp. 2. HIPPOCAMPUS ANTIQUORUM. H. corpore angulis subtuberculatis; crista rugosa; oculis superne gulaque utrinque tuberculo obtuso armatis. Syngnathus Hippocampus. Auctorum. Habitat in mari Mediterraneo, a Dom. Risso optime descriptus. * All the genera of which carry their eggs in a hollow of the tail. † Syngnathus foliatus of Shaw may be considered as the type of a peculiar division of the genus Hippocampus. il Mbquod id porumble acorda la summd Yo Basili? 9+ 105 COMMON HIPPOCAMPUS Angles of body slightly tuberculated ; crest rough; eyes above, and throat on each side armed with an obtuse tu- bercle. Inhabits the Mediterranean sea, and is well known un- der the titles, Sea-horse, or Cheval-marin. B. Corpore ramulifero. (Body bearing branches). TAB. XLVII. HIPPOCAMPUS RAMULOSUS. H. corpore angulis tuberculatis interstitiis rostrosque spinulosis ; capite dorsoque duplici serie ramuloso ramulis ramulosis ; gula utrinque nasoque ante ocu- los unispinosis. Habitat Mus. Britan. TWIG-BEARING HIPPOCAMPUS. Angles of body tuberculated, with the interstices and rostrum spinulose; head and back with a double series of branched twigs; throat on each side, and the nose before the eyes with one spine. The locality of this new and curious species, which is preserved in the British Museum, is not known. SIC U 2 47 Piretore Engraved of Publisfied LyRP Nółown. Tivestock ft london. 107 MARGARITA. MYTILLUS, Linnæi, fc. AVICULA, Cuvier, De Lamarck. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa bivalvis, inæquivalvis, alata, ad unum latus hians: ale inæquales: cardo adentatus: ligamen- tum internum in fosula subtriangulari repositum. ANIMAL byssoferum. PEARL-SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell bivalve, unequal valved, winged, with one side gaping: wings unequal: hinge toothless: ligament internal, placed in a somewhat triangular excavation. ANIMAL furnished with a byssus. This genus (called Concha Margaritifera, or Matrix Perlarum) produces the pearls of commerce*, respecting the formation of which, some of the most absurd notions have been advanced by ancient, and even by modern naturalists; some conceiving them to be the eggs of the pearl shell ; others, that they are produced by dew imbibed by the ani- mal in its supposed morning excursions to the surface of the ocean. Pearls seem to be the effects of a disease off in the animal An interesting account of the Ceylon pearl fishery, may be found in the Asiatic Researches, vol. 5. + See the Memoirs of the French Academy for 1717, which contains a ourious paper on this subject by Reaumur. 108 producing them, and are found in various bivalves and uni- valves, either adhering to the shell, or imbedded in the fleshy part of the animal. TAB. XLVIII. MARGARITA SINENSIS. M. fusca albo-radiata; interne margaritacea fusco limbata; epidermide concentrice elevata processibus in lineas subradiantes digestis. Habitat in mari Sinensi. CHINESE PEARL-SHELL. Brown radiated with white; internally pearly bordered with brown; epidermis concentrically elevated, with pro- cesses arranged in somewhat radiating lines. Inhabits the sea of China, but is rarely found in such perfection as that exhibited in the annexed plate. It seems to have been confounded with the common pearl-shell. a, shows the excavation for the cartilage, part of which is removed, do- UG Drann Engraved on published by RI Nodder Tavistocks et londone. 49 1 3 2 Support 109 LITHOSIA. LITHOSIA, Fabr., Latr., Haw. BOMBYX, Hübner. PHALÆNA (Noctua), Linn. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenna ad basin inter se dissitæ, setaceæ, in utro- que sexu ciliatæ.-Palpi capite breviores, articulo ultimo (secundo manifeste breviore) cylindrico.- Lingua elongata.-Oculi remoti.--Ala horizonta- les; inferiores valde plicata. LARVA 16-poda, solitaria. LITHOSIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenna separate at their base, setaceous, ciliated in both sexes.-Palpi shorter than the head, with the second joint evidently shorter than the second, and cylindric.- Tongue elongate.-Eyes remote from each other. Wings horizontal ; inferior wings much folded. CATERPILLAR sixteen-footed, solitary. The heads of the Lithosiæ are covered with short scales, and their face is clothed with hair of a moderate length, TAB. XLIX. FIG. I. & II. LITHOSIA DISPAR. L. alis anticis fuscis vitta marginali ciliisque citrino- flavis ; posticis flavis apice fuscescentibus abdomine 110 flavo : (Mas alis anticis macula discoidali ad mar- ginem posticum attingente flava). Habitat in Australasia. UNEQUAL LITHOSIA. Anterior wings fuscous, with a marginal streak and fringe of citron-yellow; hinder wings yellow, tufted with brownish (Male with a central spot on the anterior wings, reaching to the hinder margin). Lithosia dispar is a native of New Holland. The female bears a considerable resemblance to the following species, but is easily distinguished by the colour of the tips of the hinder wings, and by a black border in front of the margi. nal streak of the upper wings, which is distinct in both sexes. FIG. III. LITHOSIA COMPLANA L. alis anticis plumbeo-fuscis costa ciliisque citrino- flavis ; posticis flavis immaculatis: abdomine fusco apice flavo. Phalæna complana. Linn. Faun. Suec. 1153.-Syst. Nat. 840. Lithosia complana. Fab. Sup. 460.-Haw. Lep. 107. Habitat in Europa vulgatissime. COMMON LITHOSIA. Anterior wings lead-coloured-fuscous, with the anterior margin and fringe citron yellow; hinder wings yellow, without spots. Common in most parts of Europe, and in Britain. 111 VESPA. VESPA, Auctorum. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenna sub fronte insertæ, approximatæ, geniculatæ, ab articulo tertio gradatim subclavatæ, apice acu- minatæ : articulis tredecim in maribus arcuatis, duodecim in fæminis. Mandibula elongato-quadratæ ad apicem oblique trun- catæ, latere apicali quadridentato (latere infero latiore), dente secundo inferis latiore, Clypeus ad apicem late truncatus, tenue emarginatus et utrinque unidentatus. Abdomen ovali-conicum antice abrupte truncatum et brevissime pediculatum. WASP. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennæ inserted under the front, approximate, genicu- lated, gradually thickening from the third joint, with their extremities acuminate : composed of thirteen arcuate joints in the males, twelve in the females, Mandibles elongate-quadrate, with the point obliquely truncated, the apical edge broader than the under edge, four-toothed, the second tooth broader than the under ones. Clypeus with the apex broadly truncate, slightly notched, and furnished with a tooth on each side. Abdomen oval-conic, anteriorly abruptly truncate, and very shortly pedunculated. X 112 All the Vespa live in societies, which consist of males, females, and neuters or working wasps. Some impregnated females or queens survive the winter, and in the spring they construct for themselves a small nest containing a few cells, in each of which they deposit an egg These eggs in very short time produce larvæ (or maggots), which are fed by the parent until they arrive at maturity, when she closes the mouth of their cells. To- wards the latter end of the summer they change into the perfect state, and this brood consists entirely of neuters, who with the female, construct a new nest of a larger size, in the cells of which, the female deposits the remaining portion of her eggs, whose offspring are fed and brought up by the neuters. This second brood is made up of males, females, and neuters, and the latter inmates either unite their efforts to enlarge the nest, or a part of them construct a new habitation, and some of the females live over the winter. Thus far I have ventured to assert from my own observations. x bastoot inom DU TAB. L. o bebosgana jaert brenne land wol VESPA BRITANNICA. Dit droit como V. thorace atro, postice punctis duobus pedibusque flavis; femoribus basi, tibiisque quatuor anteriori- bus macula nigris. Habitat in Britannia ; in Anglia rarius, in Caledonia vulgatissime. Caput atrum macula inter antennas biloba flava. Antenna atræ ; scapo antice flavo. Facies antice flava linea longitudinali atra, 50 3 2 Decemos Engraved k published. by RP. Noger Jaristock ft fordon m. 113 Jet Mandibula flavæ nigro-marginatæ. Sit A Palpi lutei. aqesive how to creditoribus place Thorax ater antice utrinque linea obliqua, lateribusque Imacula flavis. het totematicas To Scutellum atrum maculis duabus flavis. 18 Bond Abdomen supra flavum segmentis basi atro-fasciatis fasciis postice bilobis. បង Ala subfuscescentes aut hyalinæ immaculatæ ; squa- mule atræ disco piceæ ; pterigostiis (secundo et ter- tio nigris exceptis) ferrugineis.de od Var. B Tibiis posticis macula nigra. To allo aina Fig. 1, mas. 2 foem. 3 neut.ono 10 10 noithog Polaro qu əsas hoord be absena hoond broderetso add id qur tine sordio BRITISH WASP. ie bos asismet Thorax with two yellow spots behind ; feet yellow, with the base of the thighs, and a spot on the four anterior tibiæ, black. i 31922 JOB Dostante avall aunt 100W This wasp, which is rare in England, is extremely com- mon in Scotland. In the spring the females build a small nest suspended from the eaves of houses, or attached to low bushes. The autumnal nests are found suspended from trees, especially from pines, varying from the size of a pear to that of a foot or more in diameter. In construct- ing these habitations, the materials are deposited on the outside ; and I suspect that these insects enlarge the nest by removing the internal layer with which they probably construct their cells. The nests are infested with a small coleopterous insect named Lebia linearis. TER The annexed plate represents the spring nest-Fig. 1. The male ; 2. The female ; 3. The neuter. 115 POLOPHILUS. 109 CUCULUS, Latham. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum robustum, subincurvatum. Nares rectæ, elongatæ. Pedes simplices; digitis duobus anticis, exteriore lon- giore: digitis duobus posticis, interno * breviore ungue longissimo instructo. COUCAL GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak strong, slightly incurved. Nostrils strait, elongate. Legs simple; two toes pointing forward, the exterior of which is the longest ; two toes turning backwards, the in- terior toe furnished with a very long claw. Le Vaillant was very well acquainted with the characters distinguishing this genus (which he named Coucal) from Cuculus. The tail consists of ten feathers; the wings are short and rounded, and the feathers of the neck and upper part of the body are generally stiff, with shining edges. The Coucals dwell in woods, feed on insects, and con- struct their nests in trees. They bring up their young, from whence the name Polophilus po is derived. Digito postico vero. † A töłos pullus, et diréw amo. Y 116 POLOPHILUS PHASIANUS. TAB. XLVI. P. rufo, flavo nigroque variegatus: capite, collo, gula, jugulo, pectore, dorso abdomineque nigris ; cauda nigra supra fasciis transversis albidis, interruptis, punctatis. Cuculus Phasianus. Lath. Ind. Orn. Sup. p. XXX. Habitat in Australasia. Mus. Dom. Macleay. PHEASANT COUCAL. Obres es Variegated with yellow, black, and rufous; head, neck, throat, breast, back, and belly black; tail black above, with transverse interrupted punctated bands. Pheasant Cuckow. Lath. Gen. Syn. Sup. II. p. 137.) The pheasant coucal inhabits New Holland, where it is well known under the title of pheasant cuckow: it is repre- sented one-third of the natural size. POLOPHILUS VARIEGATUS. TAB. LI. P. rufo, flavo nigroque variegatus; dorso postice ni- gro; cauda nigra supra transversim variegato- fasciato. Habitat Mus. Britan. Dranos Engravedah Published by 1.1. Nidder. Javistocke St London. 52 Draron Engraved l Published by Rovóber 117 VARIEGATED COUCAL. Variegated with rufous, yellow and black; hinder part of the back black, tail black above, with transverse varie- gated bands. The locality of this beautiful coucal, which is preserved in the British Museum, is not known. The figure is about one-third of the natural size. POLOPHILUS LEUCOGASTER. TAB. LII. P. capite, collo, gula, jugulo pectoreque nigris, scapis albido notatis, pennis nigro rufoque alternatim fasciatis ; ventre albido ; dorso flavo, albido nigro- que alternatim fasciato; femoribus luteis ; cauda nigra transversim albido lineata. Habitat in Australasia. WHITE-BELLIED COUCAL. Head, neck, throat, and breast black, the scapi spotted with whitish, the feathers alternately banded with black and rufous ; belly whitish ; back yellow, alternately banded with black and white ; thighs luteous; tail black, with transverse white lines. Inhabits New Holland, whence it was received by Mr. Leadbeater (of Brewer-street), a most excellent preserver of birds. It is of the same size with the preceding species. Y 2 Tags for teen лаксуеб борса 119 o DIPSAS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa fluviatilis, bivalvis, æquivalvis, transversa, impres- sionibus muscularibus tribus: cardo in utraque valva externé lamelliformis. ANIMAL DIPSAS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell fresh-water, bivalve, æquivalve, transverse, with three muscular impressions : hinge in each valve with a lamelliform tooth. ANIMAL unknown. The systematic situation of Dipsas is between the fresh- water genera Unio and Anodonta; genera most widely se- parated from each other in the artificial system *, the pre- valence of which in Britain, is indeed to be lamented, as it not only retards the advancement of science, especially in ascertaining the natural affinity of kindred genera, but cannot even be rendered subservient to the views of the geologist, to whom alone the knowledge of shells, without a minute consideration of the animal, can in any manner be considered as interesting or useful. * The Linnean genus Mya affords an excellent example of the evil resulting from artificial arrangement : under this head we find several genera with distinct animals and shells, having no affinity with each other; some not even agreeing with the almost unlimited characters laid down, many inhabiting the sea, others fresh water, confusedly mixed to gether, without even any distribution into intelligible sections. 120 The hinge at once distinguishes the shell of Dipsas from Anodonta, but the animal is probably the same, or is very nearly allied to it. DIPSAS PLICATUS. TAB. LIII. Testa viridescente-lutea interne margaritacea iricolore, inæqualiter alata ; ala majore longitudinaliter um- boneque transversim plicatis. Habitat Mus. Brit. waliouton FOLDED DIPSAS. Shell greenish-luteous, internally pearly and irridescent, unequally winged ; the larger wing longitudinally, and the umbo transversely folded. The specimen from which the annexed figure was taken, has fourteen pearls adhering to it, and is preserved in the Bri- tish Museum; it formed a part of the collection of Sir Hans Sloane ; and is enumerated in the catalogue as a Bohe- mian river horse-mussel, with pearls sticking to the shell.” In the Museum there are several fragments of the same species, with groups of pearls attached to them. 50 66 53 Drenthe Engrandes published by RP. Noder 54 Elmar Engraved on Poberirico Guy, 17.vodder Yaristock ft Londora 121 LUPA. CANCER, Linnæi. PORTUNUS, Fabr., Lam., Latr., Bosc. LUPA, Leach. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenna externæ setaceæ, articulis duobus primis majoribus, ultimo (seu tertio) e plurimis articulis minutis efformato. Pedipalporum geminorum externorum caulis interni articulus secundus ad internum latus subemargina- tus pro palporum insertione. Oculi magni pedunculo crassiores. Testa margine antico sub-semielliptico-arcuato, lateri- bus postice in angulum convergentibus; postice truncata; latera (sæpius) 9-dentata dente postico longissimo. Orbita postice bifissa et infra externe unifissa, canthô interno imperfecto. Pedum par anticum majus didactylum; paria 2, 3, et 4 simplicia unguibus compressis, elongatis, longitudi- naliter sulcatis instructa; par quintum comprès- sum, foliaceum, natatorium. Abdomen articulis 2 et 3 transversim carinatis, utrinque productis: maris 5-articulatum (segmentis 2, S, et 4 sæpissime confluentibus), articulo medio longiore, articulis 4 et 5 præcedente augustioribus hộc mi- nimo: feminæ 7-articulatum articulo ultimo præce- dente haud abruptissime augustione. 122 LUPA. GENERIC CHARACTER. External antenne setaceous, with the two first joints largest, the third composed of several minute articulations. External double pedipalpes with the second joint of their internal footstalk slightly notched at their internal side, for the insertion of the palpes. Shell anteriorly semielliptic, the sides gradually converg- ing towards an angle ; hinder part truncate ; sides (ge- nerally) with nine teeth, the hinder of which is very long. Orbit behind with two, below externally with one fissure ; internal angle imperfect : eyes thicker than their peduncle. Feet various ; anterior pair largest, didactyle ; the se- cond, third, and fourth pair simple, with compressed elongate nails, which are longitudinally grooved; fifth pair compressed, leaf-like, formed for swimming, Abdomen with the second and third joints transversely carinated and produced on each side : of the male, five- jointed (the second, third, and fourth joints often coalesc- ing); the middle joint longest, and broader than the fol- lowing joints, the last of which is very small : of the female, composed of seven joints, the last not very abruptly nar- rower than the sixth joint. 123 LUPA FORCEPS. TAB. LIV. L. testa granulata ; brachiis antice spinosis ; carpis utrinque unispinosis ; manibus supra ad basin exte- nèque ad apicem unispinosis, digitis longissimis, filiformibus, subreclivibus, interne denticulatis : un- gue postico compressissimo, rotundato-ovato. Cancer forceps. Herbst. 3, tab. 55, fig. 4. Portunus forceps. Fab. Sup. Ent. Syst. 368. Bosc. Hist. Nat. des. Crust. 1.220. Habitat in Carribeo Mari. SLENDER-FINGERED LUPA. Shell granulated; arms anteriorly spiny ; wrists on each side with one spine ; hands at their upper base and internal apex one-spined ; fingers very long, filiform, slightly bend- ing upwards, internally denticulated; hinder nail very much compressed, round-ovate. This very remarkable species of Lupa inhabits the Car- ribean sea, where it often occurs on various kinds of float- ing tangle. Dr. P. Browne has given a good figure of this animal in tab. 42, fig. 2, of his History of Jamaica, from which island the specimen here figured, was received. Z Suਚ 72 ਤੇ 2 ਸੀ rala a ideoig i eigener de mooiqe oloasot as BOLSAS orgto! dizertain sigeronto quidem into section on download Suat bazsa on mal geniet tabrutto 3 125 HESPERIA. PAPILIO, Linn., Gmel. HESPERIA, Cuvier, Lamarck, Walckanuer, Latreille. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenna clavatæ, ad apicem acuminatæ abrupte un. cinatæ. Palpi hirsutissimi, articulo ultimo nudo, subconico. Caput trunco latius aut illius latitudine. Antennæ ad basin inter se valde dissitæ. Tibiæ anticæ calce unico in fossula apicem versus recepto ; posticæ calci- bus quatuor per paria insertæ, interioribus longio- ribus. SKIPPER. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennæ clavate, with their points acuminate and abruptly hooked. Palpes very hairy, with the last joint naked and some- what conic. Head broader, or as broad as the thorax. Antennæ in- serted widely apart from each other. Anterior shank with a single spur, situated in a fossula towards the shanks with four spurs placed in pairs, the interior ones longest apex. Hinder 126 HESPERIA ORNATA. TAB. LV. Fig. 1, 2, & 3. H. alis anticis fuscis supra maculis (maris 3, fæminæ 5) flavescentibus, subtus maculis apiceque albidis; pos- ticis nigricantibus fascia transversa ciliisque croceis, subtus albidis nigro maculatis. Habitat in Australasia vulgatissime. ADORNED SKIPPER. Anterior wings fuscous above, with yellowish spots (three in the male, five in the female), below, with whitish spots and tips ; hinder wings blackish, with a transverse band and fringe saffron-coloured, below whitish with black spots. Hesperia Ornata is common in New Holland. Fig. 1, represents the male ; 2, the female ; and 3, the under- side, which in both sexes is nearly the same. | ligunda B HESPERIA PICTA. FIG. 4, & 5. H. alis anticis fuscis flavido maculatis ; posticis nigri- cantibus fascia transversa ciliisque croceis, subtus rufo brunneis fascia transversa, ciliis pterigostiisque albidis. 1168 be Habitat in Australasia. inter PAINTED SKIPPER. Anterior wings fuscous, spotted with yellowish ; hinder ones blackish with a transverse band, fringe and ciliæ saf- fron-coloured, beneath light chocolate-brown with a trans- verse band, fringe and wing-bones whitish. This species likewise inhabits New Holland, but is less common. Fig. 4, upperside of the female: 5, under side, The male I have not seen. 55 3 1 4. 2 I menom sig mere * Published by RP Vorm, Jevistocke ft london 17 wyn . w Drammeng raredz, Pablished by Noader 127 POLOPHILUS. Character, page 115. TAB. LVI. POLOPHILUS LATHAMI. P. capite, collo, gula, jugulo, pectore, abdomine femo- ribusque nigris albido-sparsis; dorso alisque rufes- centibus, tectricibus fasciis obscuris, remigibus ma- culis distinctis nigris ; cauda nigra lineis transversis, subinterruptis, albidis. Habitat LATHAMIAN COUCAL. Head, neck, throat, breast, belly, and thighs black, sprinkled with whitish; back and wings reddish, wing- coverts obscurely banded, wing-quills distinctly spotted with black; tail black, with narrow, transverse, somewhat interrupted, whitish bands. The only specimen of this species that I have seen, is preserved in the British Museum ; but its locality is un- known. It is named after our celebrated ornithologist, Dr. Latham, whose labours justly entitle him to this mark of distinction. Аа de una 129 PINNA. . PINNA Auctorum. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa bivalvis elongata, cuneiformis, ad basin atte- nuata, antice hians, interne impressione unica, mus- culari, subcentrali: cardo inermis; ligamentum lon- gissimum, laterale. . ANIMAL acephalum, byssoferum; bysso sericeo. PINNA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell bivalve, elongate, wedge-shaped, with the base attenuated, anteriorly gaping, internally with one nearly central muscular impression; hinge without teeth; ligament lateral and very long. ANIMAL acephalous, furnished with a silky beard. The animals of this genus, named in Britain macres, sea- wings, or pinne marine, were celebrated among the an- cients for the fine cloth manufactured from their beards, and on account of a little crab that was often observed to inhabit their shells. This crab, named pinnotheres, was supposed to guard the pinna from the attacks of its enemies, or to warn it of the entrance of little fishes within its gap- ing shells, by gently biting its side, on which the animal was believed to close its shells, and to secure their mutual booty. No satisfactory reason has been assigned for the A a 2 130 habitation of the Pinnotheres *. The byssus of pinna squa- mosa is often manufactured into gloves at Palermo and Naples. Pinne seem to be subject to very considerable variety, both in form and sculpture, even in the different stages of growth, which causes the species to be but little under- stood. TAB. LVII. PINNA SACCATA. . P. testa saccata lævi (antice saltem) costata, externe subabrupte producta subdistorta. P. alba. Rumph. Amboin. t. 46, f. N. P. saccata. Linn. Syst. Nat. xii. 1160, 268. Gmel. Syst. Nat. Habitat in oceano Indico. BAG PINNA. Shell smooth, bag-shaped (anteriorly at least), ribbed, externally abruptly produced, somewhat distorted. This rare pinna is readily distinguished from all other species by its distorted irregular form. Some specimens are ribbed from the base to the point, others only ante- riorly. Inhabits the Indian seas, and is esteemed a very rare species. * For an account of the Pinnotheres, of which genus many species are known, see Leach's Malacostraca podophthalmata Britanniæ, No. I. 57 frann Engranted at Published by R.P.Vorder. In vistock st London ерек ос 09 131 HALIOTIS. Character, page 53. TAB. LVIII. HALIOTIS CRACHERODII. H. supra cærulescente-niger, umbone laterali-dorsali; interne margaritaceus iricolor. Habitat in California. CRACHERODIAN EARSHELL. Bluish-black above, umbo lateral-dorsal ; internally pearly and iridescent. The specimen from which the annexed figure is taken, forms a part of that splendid collection of shells bequeathed to the British Museum by the late Rev. C. M. Cracherode, whose name it bears. It is said to be a native of the Cali- fornian coast, and is generally esteemed a rare species. The Rev. S. Weston, possesses a specimen of this shell, which he purchased as a production of the Greenland sea ; the above locality, however, is most probably correct. e atleti mole ole silam o elgetapistojo dan be JAMA seglur non 133 CARYOPHYLLIA. MADREPOR A, Linn., Ellis. CARYOPHYLLIA, De Lamarck, Fleming. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corallium inverso-conicum, sub-infundibuliforme, lapi- deum, (sæpius simplex) basi affixum: corona lamel- lis duplici serie dispositis, exterioribus majoribus. “ ANIMAL tentaculis plurimis carneis, teretibus, sim- plicibus, integris.” Dom. T. Smith. CARYOPHYLLIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Coral inverse-conic, ' somewhat infundibuliform, stony (generally simple), attached by its base : crown with lamellæ disposed in a double series, the outer ones largest. ANIMAL with many round, simple, entire, fleshy ten- tacules. For the discovery of the animal of this genus of corals, we are indebted to the attentive researches of Thomas Smith, Esq. F. L. S. of Paper-buildings, Temple, who ob- served an indigenous species of Caryophyllia on the southern coast of Devonshire, adhering to a rock in a pool of water. The corals of this genus generally form single stalks, and are rarely found attached to each other. AL TAB. LIX. AD CARYOPHYLLIA CYATHUS. C. lamellis integris, marginibus obscure undulatis; ex- terioribus regulariter inæqualibus, interioribus æqua- libus; disco prominulo fimbriato-undulato, ruguloso. Madrepora Cyathus. Ellis Hist. Nat. Zooph. p. 150. da Gmelin. Syst. Nat. 3757. Caryophyllia Cyathus. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. sans Verteb. 570. Habitat in Mediterraneo mari.si eudo CUP CARYOPHYLLIA. Lamellæ entire, margins obscurely undulating; exterior lamellæ regularly unequal, interior ones equal ; centre pro- minent, with an undulating, roughish fringe. This species is subject to some variety in form: the outer series of lamellæ generally consists of alternate larger and smaller lamellæ, but in some specimens the larger la- mellæ regularly and alternately vary in size. It is very common in the Mediterranean sea, and is most frequently found adhering to red coral (Isis nobilis). 59 runn Engraved Published by RI Noddan Javistock It London 135 LYCÆNA LYCÆNA, Fabr., Leach.NO POLYOMMATUS, Latr. PAPILIO, Linn. CHARACTER GENERICUS. CH Antenna capitulo abrupto, subovato. OR Palpi prominuli, triarticulati, subconici, articulis se- cundo longiore, tertio cylindrico-conico, subnudo. Pedes in utroque sexu sex ambulatorii; tarsi unguibus minutis instructi excipientes, integræ in his, caudatæ aut dentatæ in illis; tibiæ posticæ calcibus duobus instructæ. Ale erectæ ; postica abdomen in canali. sije LARVA ovalis. Pupa brevis, utrinque obtusa. Sias ge ARGUSFLY. GENERIC CHARACTER. MOOYE Antenne with an abrupt, somewhat ovate club. Palpi prominent, triarticulated, somewhat conic, the second joint largest, the third somewhat naked. Feet in both sexes six, formed for walking ; tarsi with minute nails ; hinder tibiæ with two spurs. Wings erect ; hinder ones receiving the abdomen in a channel; entire in some, tailed or notched in others. The flight of the Lycænæ is very rapid. The European species inhabit the borders of the woods, fields, and heaths, and the sexes generally differ from each other in colour. The antennæ of all the species that I have examined, were black annulated with white, 136 TAB. LX. LYCÆNA IGNITA. L. alis supra nigris, disco purpurescente nitido; subtus cinereo-brunneis, maculis igneo-rubris cæruleo-ar- genteo-marginatis, anticis costa basilari fulva. Habitat in Australasia. FIERY ARGUSFLY. Wings black above with a shining purple disc, cinereous- brown beneath with fire-red spots bordered with silvery- blue, anterior ones with the base of the costal margin ful- vous. This splendid species of Lycæna inhabits New Holland. The anterior wings of the male have a much broader mar- gin of black than those of the female. The rays of the internal wing-bone of the hinder wings are generally ful- vous, but are sometimes found black. Fig. 1. Female. 2. Male. 3. Underside, which in both sexes is the same. бо 1 2 3 Brano Engraved Published by R.P. -Vooder: Javistock, St London 137 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA SCIURUS PALMARUM. S. pilis fulvo fuscoque mistis ; dorso lineis tribus late- ralibus pallidis, gula ventreque albidis, auribus sub- rotundatis imberbibus. Sciurus Palmarum. Linn. Gmel. Le Palmiste. Buffon. Var. B. caudâ ad apicem penicillatâ. Sciurus penicillatus. Page 6, Tab. I. PALM SQUIRREL. Body covered with a mixture of fulvous and brown hair, having three lines on the back and the sides pale yellow- ish: throat and belly whitish ; cars somewhat rounded, not tufted. Var. B. Tail with the apex pencilled. Pencil-tailed Squirrel, page 6, Table I. Pag. 27, lin. 5, adde, SATYRUS, Latr. 57, 2, pro PICTUS lege STOLLII. 91, -12, adde, MICTIS. 100, inter lineas 8 & 9, adde, cancer bipes. Oth. Fabr. Fr. Græn. No. 223, f. 2. 100, lin. 16, post adde, “ by Otho Fabricius, and afterwards by." 109, pro LITHOSIA DISPAR lege LITHOSIA REPLANA. 110, inter lin. 2 et 3, adde, Lithosia replana. Lewin Nat. Hist. Lep. ins. of New South Wales, p. 16, Tab. 15. 110, lin. 10, pro dispar lege replana. VIITO daho anle el Toro menyida INDEX SYSTEMATICUS. 1 > Pag. Tab. TYPUS I. VERTEBROSA. Hippocampus, char. gen.. 103 trimaculatus 104 Classis MAMMALIA. Pag. Tab. Antiquorum |104 Sciurus, character genericus 5 ramulosus 105 47 Palmarum 6 1 Id...... 137 TYPUS II. MOLLUSCA. Arvicola, gen. charact. 59 Classis GASTEROPODA. Xanthognatha 60 26 Voluta, char.gen. 23 Classis Aves. subnodosa 24 8 Lanius, char. gen. 19 Zebra 31 12 lineatus 20 6 Jineata 31 12 doliatus 39 16 Strombus, char. gen. 51 nævius 40 17 Sloanii 521 22 obscurus 49 Haliotis, char, gen. 53 Oriolus, char. gen. 2 ruber 54 mexicanus 8 2 Cracherodii 131 58 xanthornus 9 Padollus, char. gen. 65 Amblyramphus, char. gen. 81 scalaris 66 28 bicolor 82 36 Auricula, char, gen. 73 Pipra, char. gen. 93 mida 74 32 Desmaretii 94 41 Scarabus, char, gen. 95 Certhia, char. gen. 29 imbrium 96 42 Australasia 30 11 Carychium, char, gen. 83 Cuculus, char. gen. 71 undatum 84 37 afer .. 72 31 minimum 84 Polophilus, char. gen. 115 Bulimus, char. gen. 67 phasianus 116 46 hæmastomus 68 29 variegatus 116 Bulimulus, char. gen. 41 leucogaster 117 acutus 41 18 Lathami 127 56 trifasciatus 42 18 . 10 TOT 1911 = 11119 . ... . Classis REPTILIA. Classis ACEPHALA. . Acanthophis, char. gen. Brownii 12 3 Tenebratula, char. gen. sanguinea Pinna, char.gen. 6 .. 75 76 33 129 130 57 107 108 48 Classis PISCES. saccata Xiphias, char. gen. Rondeletii 61 62' 27 Margarita, char. gen. Sinensis 140 INDEX SYSTEMATICUS. . . . 92 40 on forceps . 100/ 44 Pag. Tab. Pag. Tab. Avicula, char. gen. 85 Tettigonia Harrisii 89 39 radiata. 98 43 Scutellera, char. gen. 35 Chinensis . 86 38 sexmaculata ... 36 14 morio 86 38 Mictis, char. gen. 91 Dipsas, char. gen. 119 crucifera plicatus [ 120 53 Papilio, char.gen. 15 Solen, char. gen. .. 21 Macleayanus 17 5 Ceylonensis 22 7 | Hipparchia, char. gen. 27 Banksii 28| 10 Typus III. ANNULOSA. Lycæna, char. gen. 135 ignita 136 60 Classis CRUSTACEA. Hesperia, char. gen. 125 Lupa, char. gen. 121 picta. 126 55 123] 54 ornata 126 55 Nebalia, char. gen. 99 Agarista, char. gen. 37 Herbstii picta 38 15 Lithosia, char. gen. Classis ARACHNIDES. replana 109 49 Ammothea, char. gen. 33 complana 110 49 Carolinensis 34 13 Ourapteryx, char. gen. Nymphum, char. gen. . 43 80 35 politata femoratum 4519 sambucaria 80 35 gracile 45 19 | Ascalaphus, char. gen. 47 flavipes 48| 20 Classis INSECTA, Myrmeleon, char. gen. 69 Lamia, char. gen. 131 erythrocephalum 70 30 picta 14 4 Nymphes, char. gen. 101 Mantis, char. gen. 77 Myrmyleonoides 102| 45 Australasia 78| 34 | Vespa, char. gen. 111 Phasma, char. gen. 25 Britannica 112 50 Violascens 26 9 Gryllus, char. gen. 55 TYPUS. ZOOPHYTA. Australasia 79 e 56] 24 Classis POLYPA. Stollii 57 25 Tettigonia, char. gen. 87 Caryophyllia, char. gen. Marginata 891 39 cyathus 134 59 ... .. (133 GENERAL INDEX, IN LATIN AND ENGLISH. @e 3916 11 68] 29 68 29 Pag. Tab. Pag. Tab. Acanthophis, Daudin 11 Boa ambigua, Brown's MSS. 12 3 Brownii .... 12 3 Bucherbird, black and Brown's 12 3 white, Edw. Acrydium, Latr. ..... 55 Bulimulus 41 Agarista 37 acute 41| 18 picta 38 15 acutus 411 18 painted 38|15 three banded 42 18 Amblyramphus 81 trifasciatus 42 18 bicolor 82 36 Bulimus, Bruguiere 73 bicolored .. 82 36 Bulimus, De Lam. 67 Ammothea 33 hæmastomus, 2 Carolina 34 13 De Lam. Carolinensis 34 13 oblongus, Brug. 68 29 Anodonta 119 roseus, De Mont. 68 29 Anomia, Linn. 75 Bulla Pseudo Auris Mi- Argusfly 135 dæ, Martini fiery 136 60 Butterfly 15 Arvicola, Dum. 59 Macleay's 17 5 agrestis 60 Campagnol 59 Xanthognatha 60 26 fulvous-cheeked! 60 26 Ascalaphus, Fabr. 47 Cancer bipes, 0. Fabr. 100 44 flavipes 48] 20 forceps, Herbst 123 54 yellow-legged 48 20 Carychium, Müller 83 Auricula, Sebee 73 least 84 Midæ, De Lam. | 74 32 minimum, Müll. 84 Auriculus, De Mont. 73 undulated 84 Auris Midæ, Klein 74 32 undulatum 84 37 85 Caryophyllia, De Lam..... 133/ 37 black 86 38 cup .... 134 59 Chinese 86 38 cyathus, De Lam. 134 59 Chinensis 86 38 Cerambyx, Linn. ........ 13 morio 86 38 Certhia, Linn. .. 29 radiata 98/ 43 Australasia 301 11 radiated 98) 43 Chanteuses 881 km 19 III G . Avicula ... . 142 GENERAL INDEX. common 29 picta 39 16 49 21 ] Pag. Tab. Pag. | Tab. Cheval marin 105 Hipparchia Banksii 281 10 Cicada 87 Hippocampus, Plin. 103 Cimex; Linn. 35 Antiquorum 104 Cochlen imbrium, Rumph. | 96 42 | 105 Concha margaritifera 107 ramulosus 105 47 Coucou edolio variétié, three-spotted 104 Le Vail. 72 31 trimaculatus 104 Coucal, Le Vail. 115 twig-bearing 105 Lathamian 127 56 Horse, sea 105 pheasant 116 46 Humming-bird 29 variegated 117 51 white-bellied 117 52 Lamia 13 Creeper painted 14 4 New Holland 301 11 14 Cuckow 71 Lanius 19 African 72 31 Cayennensis stria- 391 16 pheasant, Lath. 16 46 tus, Briss. Cuculus 71 doliatus, Linn. afer 72 31 lineatus 20 6 phasianus, Lath. 116 46 nævius, Gmel. .... 40 17 Cul jaune petit de Cay. obscurus, Gmel. 9 enne, Buf... Leaf, walking 77 Lebia linearis 113 Dipsas 119 Libelluloides, Schæffer 47 plicatus 120 53 | Lithosia, Fabr. 109 folded 120153 11049 complana, Fabr... 110 49 Earshell 53 replana, Lewin 109 49 red 54) 23 unequal 110 49 Cracherodian .... 131 53 | Locust 55 Australasian 56 24 Formicaleo, Geoffroy 69 painted Stoll's Gladius, Plin. Lupa, Leach 121 Gryllus, Fabr. 55 forceps 123) 54 Australasia 56 24 slender-fingered Stollii 57) 25 Lycæna, Fabr. 135 ignita 136 60 Haliotis Cracherodii 131 58 ruber 54 23 | Macre 129 Helix acuta, Müller 41 18 Madrepora cyathus, Ellis . . 134 59 carychium, Gmel. 84 Manacus, Brisson 93 Scarabæus, Linn. 96 42 Manakin 93 Hemerobius 102 Desmaretian. Hesperia, Latr 125 Maniola, Schrank 27 ornata 126 55 Mantis, Latr. 77 picta 126) 55 Australasiæ. Hipparchia, Fabr. 271 bispinosa, Shaw 25 Banksian. 281 10 gigas, Shaw 251 . common G 571 25 57| 25 O 61 . .. > 1231 54 .. . mer oo 9) 41 OOOO 0 0 © 781 34 . .. D. GENERAL INDEX. 143 0 ... . > - }10 . . . . . . . ... 47 111 ... . . . . antlion ... Pag | Tab. Pag. Tab. Margarita 107 - Ourapteryx politata 80 35 Sinensis 108 48 sambucaria SO! 35 Matrix perlarum 107 Mictis 91 Padollus, De Mont. 65 crucifera 92 40 staircase 6628 cross bearing 92 40 scalaris 66 28 Monoculus rostratus, Palmist, Buffon, 6 108 44 Montagu Ibid 137 Moth, swallow-tail 80 35 | Papilio, Fabr. 15 Mya 119 Agamemnon, Fabr. 17 Myrmyleon, Linn. Machaon, Linn. 16 Myrmyleon, Fabr. .. 69 Macleayanus 17 erythroce- Nereus, Linn. 17 70 30 phalum Podalirius, Linn. 16 red-headed 7030 Saperdon, Falr. 17 Mytilus, Linn.. 85 Parus 93 Pearlshell .... 107 Nebalia 99 Chinese 1081 48 Herbstii 100 44 Phalana complana, Linn. 110 Herbstian 100 44 Sambucaria, Linn. 80 35 Nymphalis, Latr. 27 Phalangium Grossipes, Linn. 45 Nymphes . 101 marinum, 45 10245 Strom. Myrmyleonoides 102 45 | Phasma, Latr. 251 Nymphon, Fabr. 43 violascens 26 9 Nymphum, De Lam. 43 violet-winged ... 26 9 femoratum 45 19 rosea, Fabr. 26 gracile 45 19 Pterigostia 27 slender..... 45 19 Pie-griesche rayée de Cay- 30 thick-thighed ..45| 19 enne, Buff Pinna 129 Oreille de Midas fausse saccata 130 57 de marina 129 Cayenne Pipra, Linn. 93 Oriole 7 Desmaretii 94 41 white shouldered Polophilus 115 81 2 Banana Lathami .... |127) 56 black shouldered leucogaster 1171 52 10 Banana phasianus 116 46 lesser Banana, Lath. variegatus ... 116 51 Polyommatus, Latr. 135 2 j Portunus forceps, Herbst. 123 Oriolus 7 Pycnogonum, Muller .... 43 - mexicanus, Linn. 8 2 xanthornus, Shawl 9 Razor-grinder 90 Osmylus Razor-shell 21 Ourapteryx 79 Ceylon... 22 ng 80 35 polished 800 35 Saperda. 13 1 1 1 1 OTTIE! .. 67 SC de } 68 29 var. о со Lath.? ... . CO QC . e · 102 .. a e Elder ... в Б GENERAL INDEX. Pag., Tab. . 11 Pag., Tab. Satyrus, Latr. 27 Syngnathus, hippocampus, 104 Scarabus, De Montford 95 Linn.... imbrial 96 42 Terebratula, De Lam. 75 - imbrium, De Mont. 96 42 blood-red 76 33 Sciurus cranium ? ... 176 Palmarum 107 1 sanguinea 76 33 Scutellera, Lam... 35 1 Tettigonia, Fabr. 87 sexmaculata ... 36 14 Harrisian 89 39 Shieldbug 35 Harrisii 89 39 six-spotted 3614 marginata 89 39 Shrike 19 margined 89 39 dusky, Lath. 49 21 Tetyra, Falr. 35 lineated 20 6Trigonocephalus, Oppel? pied, Lath. 39| 16 Trochilus .. 29 spotted, Lath. 40 17 Turbo carychium, Montagu 84 Skipper 125 Unio 119 adorned 12655 -painted .... 126 55 Vespa, Latr. 111 Solen, Linn... 21 - Britannica 11250 Ceylonensis 22 7 | Voluta, De Lam. 23 Spectrum, Stoll. 25 auris Midæ, Linn. 74 32 Squirrel 5 lineata 311 12 Palm 107 1 *subnodosa 24 8 Strombus, De Lam. zebra 31 12 Sloanii 52 22 Volute lineated 311 12 Sloane's 521 22 slightly-knotted 24 8 Sword-fisb 61 zebra 31 12 common 63 Rondeletian. 62 27 Wasp Syngnathus, Linn. 103 British 1121 50 foliatus, Sław 104) --- Wing sea 129 END OF VOL. I. On the 1st of January, 1815, was published, By James SOWERBY, No. 2, Mead-Place, Lambeth, In Royal Quarto, Price 7s. 6d. coloured; 6s. plain, No. I. OF Malacostraca Podophthalmata Britanniæ, Described by W. E. LEACH, M.D. &c. &c. Illustrated by highly-finished Figures, BY JAMES SOWERBY, F. L. S. &c. &c. ondor; Printed by B. M Millan, Buw Street, Covent Gardene THE ZOOLOGICAL MISCELLANY; BEING } DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW, OR INTERESTING ANIMALS, BY WILLIAM ELFORD LEACH, M.D. F.L.S & W.S. FELLOW OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF EDINBURGH, AND OF TIE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, AND MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, &c. ILLUSTRATED WITII COLOURED FIGURES, DRAWN FROM NATURE, BY R. P. NODDER, ANIMAL PAINTER, AND DRAFTSMAN IN NATURAL HISTORY. VOL. II. LONDON: PRINTED BY B. MCMILLAN, BOW-STREET, For E. NODDER & SON, 34, TAVISTOCK-STREET, COVENT-GARDEN; AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS, 1815. TOOS ADVERTISEMENT. The termination of the First Volume of the Zoological Miscellany, will enable our Readers fully to understand the plan of the Work, the object of which is, to describe and to figure new or interesting species, especially such as re- quire elucidation. Some of our Readers have observed, that the quantity of letter-press is too little. To obviate this cause of com- plaint, a smaller type will in future be used, and compara- tive characters of kindred genera, (not requiring elucida- tion by Plates), will be occasionally introduced, printed on separate leaves of paper, so as to allow of systematic ar- rangement. B2 PHASIANUS. PHASIANUS, Linn., Lath , Cuv., Gmel. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum breve, robustum, subincurvum. Pedes ambulatorii, digitis 3 anticis, i postico: tarsi cal- carati; ungues mediocres, curvati, infra excavati. GENERIS DIVISIONES. Divisio * GALLI, Brisson, Raii. Cauda ascendens. Aures nuda. MARIS caput carunculatum, caruncula compressa, sæpius dentata. PHEASANT. GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak short, stout, slightly incurved.-Legs formed for walking, with three toes before, and one behind ; feet armed with spurs ; claws moderately long, curved, exca- vated beneath.-Division * Cocks.-Tail ascending.-- Ears naked. The males of this division generally have their head or- namented with a compressed combe, which is generally dentated. 6 Tab. LXI. PHASIANUS (*) INDICUS. P. pennis colli linearibus, elongatis, albo, atro fuivoque maculatis, apice membranaceis ; gula, jugulo, pectore, abdomine, dorso tectricibusque alarum griseis albo-linea- tis ; remigibus rectricibusque atro-nigris. Phasianus Gallus. Gmelin. 737. Phasianus Gallus var. a. Lath. Ind. Orn. 625. 1. INDIAN (*) PHEASANT. Feathers of the neck linear, elongate, spotted with white, black and fulvous, tips membranaceous ; threat, breast, belly, back, and wing-coverts griseous, lineated with white; quills of tail and wings black. Wild Cock. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2, 2, 625, 1. This magnificent species of Pheasant, commonly named the Jungle Cock, is a native of India, where it occurs in great plenty in woods and forests. It is generally admitted to be the stock from whence all our domestic fowls have originated ; but as this opinion is no where supported by evidence, and as change of cli- mate has not been proved to cause such material differences as are found between this species and the numerous domesa tic varieties, I cannot but dissent from the generally-re- ceived opinion. about 61 Dramme Cngraved osh Published, Chez R.. Nocon Javiólock sot Pondon London. 62 R.P. Nodder. Det fculpt 7 LEPIDOPUS. LEPIDOPUS, Gouan, Cuv., Dum., Lac., Risso. VANDELLIUS, Shaw. ZIPHOTHECA, Montagu. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus longissimum, compressum, ensiforme: caput acumi- natum mandibula inferiore longiore ; os dentibus serie simplici acutis : pinna dorsalis longissima, analis brevis, pectorales mediocres, ventrales brevissimæ, lamelliformes. LEPIDOPUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body very long, compressed, ensiform; head acuminate, under jaw longest ; mouth with a single row of sharp teeth ; dorsal fin very long, anal short, pectoral mode- rate, ventral very short, lamelliform. Tab. LXII. LEPIDOPUS LUSITANICUS. L. argenteus; pinnis pectoralibus (radiis inferioribus lon- gioribus exinde) acutis. Vandellius Lusitanicus. Gen. Zool. (Shaw), vol. iv. p. 199. Ziphotheca tetradens. Mem. Wern. Soc. (Montagu), vol. i. p. 82, Pl. 2. Habitat in oceano Europæo. Mus. Britan. Montagu. PORTUGUESE LEPIDOPUS. Silvery; pectoral fins acute, (the lower rays being longest). 8 Dr. Shaw drew his description of this species from a fine specimen preserved in the British Museum, and Mr. Mon- tagu shortly afterwards figured and described it in the Memoirs of the Wernerian Society, from one taken on the southern coast of Devon, under the name of Ziphotheca tetradens, from four of the upper-jaw teeth, which are larger than the others. The length of Mr. Montagu's specimen was five feet six inches; of that in the British Museum, (from whence the annexed figure was taken) four feet seven inches. In the lower jaw towards the extremity, are two teeth rather larger than the others, and in the upper jaw on each side, are two teeth of a much superior size, placed out of the range of the other teeth, the hinder of which is smallest. Risso, in his 66 Ichthyologie de Nice*,” has described a species of Lepidopus under the title Peronii, which he supposes may possibly be the same species with that described above ; but on examining his figure, I am dis- posed to consider it as distinct ; the pectoral fin is rounded, the middle radii being longest ; the lateral line is repre- sented as differing in its extremities, and the anal fin is considerably longer in proportion. Page 148, Pl. 5, Fig. 18. OUTROT 9 PONTOBDELLA.. Hirudo, Rondel., Linn., Bast., Gmel., Fleming. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus subcontractile, oblongum, teres utrinque antice præsertim) attenuatum. SEALEECH. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body slightly contractile, oblong, round, both extremities, (especially the anterior extremity) attenuated. This genus is figured by Rondeletius, who in his de- scription seems to have confounded it with the genus Area nicola. The species have been confounded with each other, un- der the titles hirudo muricata, p. piscium, and sea-leech. Linné has referred to two figures for his hirudo muricata, one of which, in the “ Museum Fridrici Adolphi,” exhi- bits two hooks proceeding from the mouth of the animal, (and this figure has been copied into Pennant's British Zoology and Rees' Cyclopedia); the other figure in Bas- ter's Opuscula Subseciva*, leaves no doubt as to the genus intended. * Tab. x. Fig. 2, p. 82. 10 TAB. LXIII. Sp. 1. PONTOBDELLA AREOLATA. P. corpore lævigato, inermi, subareolato. Habitat Mus. Societatis Linn. AREOLATED SEALEECH. Body smooth, without tubercles, divided into compart- ments. This hitherto unnoticed species is preserved in the col- lection of Vermes, presented to the Linnean Society by the Right Hon. Sir J. Banks. Its locality is not known. 63 non & Engraved by RP Nadder. 64 Drann Engrovede 12 6 2 2 2 7 4 ข้อ: 20.46 " cm037 11 TAB. LXIV. Sp. 2. PONTOBDELLA VERRUCATA. P. corpore verrucoso, verrucis in annulos digestis. Habitat Mus. Brit. WARTED SEALEECH. Body warted, the warts arranged into rings. This species comes very near to the hirudo piscium figured by Baster, who in his description observes, that the warts vary much, according to the degree of contraction of the animal: this difference may be observed in our figures, which are taken from two specimens in the British Mu- seum, but their locality is unknown. 12 TAB. LXV. Sp. 3. PONTOBDELLA SPINULOSA. P. corpore spinuloso. Habitat in Angliæ Borealis et Caledoniæ mari raiorum san- guinem exhauriens. SPINULOSE SEALEECH. Body spinulose. This species is frequently found in the North-British seas adhering to skates, whence it derives the common ap- pellation of skate-sucker. In young specimens the spinules are disposed in irregular rings, but in older speciinens, especially when much dis- tended with blood, they are irregularly and widely sprinkled over the body. When bruised they emit a dark liquor, that stains of a beautiful purple colour. 65 1 2 KIN 13 PHASIANUS. Char. Gen. Tom. II. p. 5. Divisio ** PHASIANI, auctorum. Cauda procumbens. Aures tectæ. PHEASANT. Generic Character, Vol. 2, page 5. Division ** PHEASANTS, properly so named. Tail bending downwards. Ears covered. The pheasants of this division have generally a cuneiform tail, which is longest in the males, who are also distin- guished from the females by the gaiety of their plumage, and by the wattled appearance of the sides of their heads. Old females that have ceased to breed, often assume the general plumage of the males: this curious circumstance, which has since been noticed in several gallinaceous birds, was first observed in the common pheasant by Edwards. PHASIANUS (**) TORQUATUS. P. (Mas.) capite, gula, abdomine colloque atro-purpureis hộc torque albo ; vertice linea utrinque alba; jugulo, pectore antice pleurisque rubro-cupreis pennis atro ter- minatis; tectricibus plumbeis; dorso atro antice luteo maculato, postice albo rubroque vario, D 14 Phasianus torquatus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 742. Montagu Orn. Dic. Suppl. Phasianus colchicus B. Lath. Ind. Orn. 2, 629. Habitat in China indigena, (in Anglia). RING PHEASANT. (Male). Head, neck, throat, and belly black-purple; neck with a white ring; crown of the head white on each side; collar, anterior part of the breast and sides copper- red, the feathers tipped with deep black; wing and tail- coverts lead-coloured; back deep black, spotted ante- riorly with clay-yellow, variegated posteriorly with white and red. Ring Pheasant. Lath. Gen. Syn. 4, 715. Suppl. p. 208. This splendid bird is common in China, whence it has been introduced into England, and is now naturalised in several parts of the country. It is distinguished from P. colchicus (the common phea- sant) by the ring of white round its neck, and by the deep- indented black spots which terminate the feathers of the neck and sides. The female is brown, with a mixture of reddish, dark brown, and grey, as in the common pheasant, of which it is generally supposed to be a variety. 66 Brann Gugraved Publishacy R. P. Nosaur Tanidcocke ft. fondon 15 LEPTOPODIA. CANCER, Herbst. INACHUS, Fabricii. MAJA, Bosc, Latr., Leach. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa subtriangularis haud spinosa, antice rostro longissimo integro terminata ; oculi distantes, sub globosi pedunculo crassiores; antenne exteriores mediocres articulis duobus primis æqualibus; interiores in clypei foveolis longitudi- nalibus receptæ ; pedipalpi gemini externi tenues caulé interno biarticulato, articulo secundo primi dimidio bre- viore; palpi 3-articulati, hirsuti articulo ultimo longiore, articulis duobus primis subæqualibus. Pedes decem : par anticum didactylum, (Maris corpore duplo longius, tenue, terete; brachiis cylindricis; ma- nulus brachiorum longitudine, extrorsum subcrassiori- bus, subcompressis; carpis brevissimis); paria 4-pos- tica longissima, tenuissima; ungues longiores sub-arcuati. Abdomen 6-articulatum. LEPTOPODIA, GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell somewhat triangular, not spiny, anteriorly fur- nished with a very long entire rostrum ; eyes remote, nearly globose, thicker than their peduncles ; exterior antenne moderately long, the two first joints equal; interior an- tenne received in longitudinal fossulæ beneath the clypeus; external double feet-palpes slender, with their internal foot- D 2 16 stalk composed of two joints, the second of which is half the length of the first ; palpes three-jointed, hairy, their last joint longest, the two first joints nearly equal; legs ten; anterior pair didactyle, (of the Male, twice the length of the body, slender, rounded; arms cylindric; hands as long as the arms, somewhat compressed, slightly thick- ening towards their extremities; wrists very short); four hinder pairs very long, very slender ; claws longer, slightly bent; abdomen six-jointed. TAB. LXVII. LEPTOPODIA SAGITTARIA. M. manubus granulosis; rostro utrinque, brachiis femori- busque antice spinulosis. Inachus sagittarius. Fabr. Sup. Ent. Syst. 2, 359. Cancer sagittarius. Herbst. tom. 3. Macropus sagittarius. Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust, et des Insect. 6, 112. Maja sagittaria. Latr. Gen. Crusi, et Insect. 1, 38, 4. Leach, Edin. Encycl. 7, 395. Maja sagittis. Bosc Hist. Nat. des Crust. 1, 253. Habitat in mari Carribeo. DARK-BEARING LEPTOPODIA. Hands granulose; beak on each side, arms and anterior aspect of the thighs spinulose. The female This species inhabits the West Indian seas. is unknown. weberet hy oor home the moon. loud Ura D . 19 17 MACROPODIA* INACHUS, Fabricii. CANCER, Herbst. MAJA, Bosc. MACROPUS, Latreille. LEPTOPODIA, Leach. MACROPODIA, Leach. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa sub-triangularis parce spinosa antice rostro longo, fisso terminata ; oculi distantes subreniformes pedunculo multo crassiores ; antennæ exteriores corporis dimidio longiores articulo secundo primo triplo longiore; inte- riores in clypei medio foveolis longitudinalibus receptæ ; pedipalpi gemini externi tenues caule interno biarticu- lato, articulis longitudine subæqualibus ; palpi 3-articu- lati, hirsutissimi, articulis medio breviore, tertio primo paululum longiore. Pedes decem : par anticum didactylum, (Maris corpore duplo longius ; manubus elongato-subovatis, compressis; carpis manubus duplo brevioribus, angulatis; brachiis manuum longitudine angulatis); paria 4-postica, lon- gissima, tenuissima; ungues 4-antici ad apicem arcuati, 4-postici ad basin abrupte curvati. Abdomen 6-articulatum, tuberculato-subcarinatum segmen- to ultimo longiore. * Thunberg having applied to a natural genus of insects the term MACROPUS, I found it necessary to substitute the above name for this genus, which was instituted by Latreille. 18 MACROPODIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. I Shell somewhat triangular, with a few spines, anteriorly furnished with a long fissured rostrum; eyes remote, some- what kidney-shaped, much thicker than their pedun- cles ; exterior antenna more than half the length of the body, the second joint three times as long as the first; in- terior antenne received in longitudinal fossulæ under the clypeus ; external double feet-palpes slender, with their in- ternal foot-stalk composed of two nearly equal joints ; palpes three-jointed, very hairy, with the middle joint short- est, the third longer than the first ; legs ten, anterior pair didactyle (of the Male longer than the body, with elon- gate-suboval compressed hands, wrists angulated, half the length of the hands, arms length of the hands, and angu- lated); four hinder pairs very long, very slender ; four ante- rior claws bent at their points, four hinder ones abruptly bent at their base ; abdomen six-jointed, with a slightly tu- berculated carina, the last segment longest. The generic character of Macropodia is introduced, to enable the reader to compare it with that of Leptopodia, to which it is nearly allied. As an example of the genus, the following species is given, which with another species, will be figured in Plate 23, of Malacostraca podophthalma Bri- tannia, MACROPODIA PHALANGIUM. Cancer phalangium. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. Macropus longirostris. Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. 1, 39. Macropodia longirostris. Leach, Edinb. Encycl. 7, 395. 19 PACTOLUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa subtriangularis antice rostratata ; rostrum integrum ; oculi distantes, subglobosi pedunculo crassiores. -ABDOMEN FEMINÆ 5-articulatum, articulis primo angusto, 2, 3 et 4 transverso-linearibus, 5 amplissimo subrotun- dato. Pedes mediocres decem; paria 1, 2 (et 3 ?) ungue simplici instructa, 4 et 5 didactyla. PACTOLUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell somewhat triangular, terminated anteriorly with an entire beak; eyes somewhat globose, remote, thicker than their peduncles. Abdomen of the female five-jointed, the first joint narrow, the second, third, and fourth transversely linear, the fifth very large and somewhat rounded. Legs moderately long, ten in number; the first and second (probably also the third ?) pairs furnished with a simple claw, fourth and fifth pairs didactyle. This curious and anomylous genus has escaped the ob- servations of all crustaceologists, and although the palpi, antennæ, and the extremities of the third pair of legs be wanting, yet the remaining characters are so very strong, that I cannot refrain from publishing an account of the existing parts, which are too interesting to be permitted to remain undescribed. The internal antennæ are received into two longitudinal cavities between the eyes, as in the genera Macropodia and Leptopodia. 20 TAB. LXVIII. PACTOLUS BOSCII. P. rostro utrinque spinuloso ; pedibus ciliato-punctatis. Habitat Mus. Britan. BOSC'S PACTOLUS. Rostrum on each side with little spines ; legs with ciliated punctures. Behind the eyes, in a line with the spines in the sides of the rostrum, are two small spines. The first joint of the external antennæ alone remains, and this is shown in the figure. The dotted line in the plate, exhibits the supposed form of the termination of the middle pair of legs. A single specimen of this crustaceous animal occurs in the British Museum, but its locality is unknown. Fabricius seems to have considered it as the other sex of Leptopodia sagittaria*; if this conjecture prove right, his character is incorrect. * “ Pedes in altero sexu mediocres, rufo alboque variegati omnibus chelat is." бо Drenn Engraved & Published by R.T Nodder Tannstock St London. 21 CHARACTER GENERICUS. РТАИЛА АTYLUS. TXI алт Antenne A-articulatæ segmento ultimo e plurimis articulis minutis efformato ; superiores subbreviores articulo se- cundo tertio longiore; inferiores articulo secundo tertio subbreviore. Oculi sub-prominentes rotundati inter antennas in capitis processum inserti. Pedes 14; paria 1 et 2 monodactyla manu parvula, com- pressa, 3, 4, 5, 6 et 7 ungue simplici instructa. bas Cauda utrinque stylis dupli utrinque stylis duplicis tribus et superne stylulo utrinque mobili instructa. bonbon Corpus (capitê includente) 12-articulatum. alene? A: met -ob anemiosqe ont mon ATYLA. Oooo aasia odt of es bouistotpada GENERIC CHARACTER.det d'badiron s batste pladosupled on Sepoto Antenne composed of four joints, the last of which is formed of several minute articulations ; upper ones ra- ther shortest, with the second longer than the third joint; under ones with the second joint rather shorter than the third. Eyes slightly prominent, inserted on a process between the upper and lower antennæ. Legs fourteen ; first and second pair furnished with a small compressed hand, which has a moveable thumb; the other pairs having only a simple claw. Tail, on each side, with a triple series of double styles ; upper part, on each side armed with a small spine or style. Body (including the head) composed of twelve joints, و E 22 TAB. LXIX. ATYLUS CARINATUS. 101 A. capite rostrato, rostro decendente ; abdomine segmentis quinque ultimis carinatis postice que acute-productis. Gammarus carinatus. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 515, 3. Habitat como vardu Mus. Brit. neon Bonastronote-dne ko t) ( - too slov CARINATED ATYLA. Head rostrated, rostrum turning downwards; abdomen with the five last segments carinated, and behind acutely idom super produced. The figure represents Atylus carinatus of the natural size. As our description is taken from the specimens de- scribed by Fabricius, no doubt can be entertained as to the reference, although that author has erroneously stated the hands* to be simple. is stilo barro brouge od dohoda at ,*"G. manibus adactylis, &c." abestinio silinson is associate Joreniaorg lgitata carte wolbea Laber bodem is brobe become du drocarbon bat big verboyaniere o dia ingodio ob topable de not orgelmesbot 1000 cha (hod) po Drann Engroves och Peblished by R.P. Nodden Tavistock st, London. 23 DEXAMINE. CANCER (Gammarus) Montagu. DexAMINE, Leach. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antenne triarticulatæ segmento ultimo e plurimis articulis minutis efformato, segmento primo secundo breviore; superiores longiores. Oculi oblongi haud prominentes pone antennas superiores inserti. Pedes 14 ; paria 1 et 2 monodactyla manu parvula, com- pressa, 3, 4, 5, 6 et 7 ungue simplici instructa. Cauda utrinque stylis duplicis tribus, superneque stylo utrinque mobili instructa. Corpus (capitê includente) 12-articulatum. DEXAMINE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenna three-jointed, the last segment composed of a number of minute joints ; first segment shorter than the second; upper antenna longest. Eyes oblong, not prominent, inserted behind the superior antennæ. Legs fourteen ; first and second pair monodactyle, with a small compressed hand; other pairs furnished with simple claws. Tail, on each side, with three double styles; above, with one small style on each side. Body (including the head) twelve-jointed. E 2 24 DEXAMINE SPINOSA. D. corpore nitido, punctato, segmentis quatuor ultimis pos- tice spinoso-productis: fronte inter antennas producto, deflexo. Cancer Gammarus spinosus. Montagu, Trans. Linn. Soc. 11, p. 3. Dexamine spinosa. Leach, Edin. Encycl. vol. 7. Habitat in Angliæ Australis mari. SPINOUS DEXAMINE. Body shining, the ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth seg- ments, produced into a spine; front produced and bent dowrwards between the antennæ. The first joint of the upper antennæ beneath towards their tips, have a little spine-like process. It is very common on the southern coasts of England, and is often taken by the shore-net, or beneath stones amongst the rocks at low tide. The legs are easily broken, which circumstance will account for Montagu's having de- scribed and figured it without the monodactyle hands. Length three quarters of an inch. doo 25 AU ACTIAS.AT PAALÆNA, Linnæi. adidas osit esdroloco eile BOMBYX, Fabricii, &c. aileleco commodo od 2 lang 0e 1. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Amateur Ale horizontales fenestratæ cellulis discoidalibus imperfec- tis; antice obscuré subfalcatæ; posticæ ad angulum ana- lem in caudam longissimam productæ. Antenne articulo singulo utrinque biramoso. Corpus pube densa villosum. sont' ACTIAS. Wings horizontal and fenestrated, with imperfect discoidal cells; anterior ones obscurely sickle-shaped ; hinder ones with their anal angle produced into a very long tail-like process. Antenne of the male with every joint on each side doubly branched. Body covered with a thick down. In the following page will be given descriptions of two species hitherto confounded together, the characters of which were communicated by my worthy friend A. Macleay, Esq. og redonnebo 26 TAB. LXX. ASTIAS LUNA. A. alis concoloribus flavo-virentibus : ocello disci lunato; anticarum strigæ costalis fuscæ ramulo ocellum atti- gente. Macleay, MSS. (Bombyx). Phalæna (attacus) Luna. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 810, 5. Bombyx Luna. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 3, 414, 22. Phalæna Luna. Drury Ins. I, tab. 24, fig. 1. mai Cram. Inst. 1, tab. 2, fig. A. Habitat in Americâ septentrionali.olu odagi LUNAR ACTIAS. Wings uniformly yellowish-green ; central ocellus lunate, and connected with the brownish costal margin by a little branch. This very beautiful insect is a native of North America, and is very common in Georgia : Crammer, Fabricius, and after them Smith, have confounded it with the following vom species, under the name Luna, from which it may readily be distinguished by the excellent specific characters, which were drawn up by my friend A. Macleay, Esq. ACTIAS SELENE. Olot el B. alis concoloribus glaucis ; ocello disci lunato distincto strigaque postica obscura. Macleay, MSS. (Bombyx). Phalæna Luna. Cram. Ins. I. tab. 31, fig. A. B. Habitat in India, MOON ACTIAS. Wings uniformly glaucous, with central ocellus lunate disa tinct, and an obscure posterior streak. Inhabits India. Cena 70 Dronom Engraved 4 Pulitio fied Cy Rotonder Jaristock It London. 29 OTURDUS. Turdus, Ray, Briss., Linn., Gmel., Lath., Cuv. &c. MERULA, Ray, Brisson. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum sub arcuatum, apice deflexo, emarginato ; nares ovatæ, nudæ, vel membranula semitectæ. Pedes simplices, digitis tribus anticis, uno postico. Cauda mediocris. THRUSH. GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak very slightly arcuate, with the point bent downwards and notched; nostrils ovate and naked, or half covered with a membrane. Legs simple, with three toes before, and one behind. The TURDI are extremely numerous, and are found in various parts of the globe : their food consists principally of berries ; but some of the species who inhabit temperate climates (especially in the winter season) also devour snails, slugs, and earth-worms. The old naturalists divided this genus into two sec- tions, viz. Turdi (Thrushes), those species with a spot- ted plumage, and Merule (Orioles), including those, whose plumage is of nearly a uniform teint: these distinctions are still retained by English ornithologists. 30 TAB, LXXI. TURDUS SPLENDENS. T. violaceo splendens; dorso alisque olivaceo-nitentibus his maculis atris. Turdus nitens R. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 347, 66. Le Merle vert d’Angola. Buff: planc. Enlum. 561. Habitat in Angola, et ad caput Bonæ spei. SPLENDENT THRUSH, Shining violet; back and wings shining olive-green, the latter with pure black spots. English ornithologists generally admit this to be a dis- tinct species from the shining thrush, (turdus nitens). It inhabits Angola and the Cape of Good-Hope ; is less com- mon than the shining thrush, and is represented in the annexed plate about one half of the natural size. 71 Drason Engraved h Published by RP. Noddet 31 MODIOLA. MYTILLUS, auctorum. MODIOLA, Lamarck, Sowerby. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa bivalvis, subtransversa, inæquilatera; latere postico brevissimo umbo ad brevissimum latus incumbens. Cardo sæpius edentulus. Fossula ligamentalis linearis margi- nalis. Impressio muscularis unica. AMIMAL bissoferum. GENERIS DIVISIONES. * Cardo edentulus. a. Testa lævis; latere postico aliformi. b. Testa longitudinaliter et oblique costato-striata; latere postico aliformi. c. 1 esta antice et postice costato striata; latere postico rotundato. ** Cardo dentatus. a. Testa lævi; latere postico rotundato. b. Testa longitudinaliter aut oblique striata; latere postico aliformi. MODIOLE. GENERİC CHARACTER. Shell bivalve, nearly transverse, unequal-sided, the Finder side very short. Beak resting on the shortest side. Hinge generally edentulous. Ligamental excavation linear, marginal. Muscular impression one. ANIMAL furnished with a byssus. The above character, with little alteration, is extracted from a dissertation by Lamarck, who first separated this F 2 32 genus from Mytilus (muscle), with which it had been con- founded by all preceding writers. All the Modioles inhabit the sea; their shells are readily distinguished from those of true muscles by the position of the beak, which is in that genus terminal, in this lateral. The species, without any violation of nature, may be arranged into the following sections : * Hinge without teeth. a. Shell smooth; hinder side wing-shaped. b. Shell longitudinally and obliquely striated with raised ribs. c. Shell with the two extremities ribbed; hinder side rounded. ** Hinge with teeth. a. Shell smooth; hinder side rounded. b. Shell longitudinally or obliquely striated; hinder margin wing-shaped. * a. The shells of the Modiole of this section, when young, have their epidermis elevated and beard-shaped. Sp. 1. MODIOLA AMERICANA. TAB. LXXII. FIG. I. M. testa fusca (sub epidermide oblique radiata); latere pos- tico ala subangulata ; latere antico subsinuato. Habitat in oceano Americano. AMERICAN MODIOLE. Shell fuscous (beneath the epidermis obliquely rayed); hin- der side with the wing slightly angulated'; anterior side slightly sinuated. The specimen from which our figure is taken, was re- ceived from Bermuda, and is preserved in the British Mu- It is not an uncommon shell in the American seas: seum. 72 1 2 3 2.ฟร์” S3 it may be readily distinguished from the young of the fol- lowing species by the specific characters, which are the result of the examination of a vast number of individuals of each species. Sø. 2. MODIOLA PAPUANA. M. testa fusca (sub epidermide albida) ; latere postico ala rotundata ; latere antico distincte sinuato. Musculus papuanus. D’Argen. Conch. tab. 22, f. c. Mytilus Modiolus. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 1158. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. Mont. Test. Brit. 1, 163-Supl. p.71. Lam. Syst. des Anim, sans. Vert. 113, Modiola papuana. 101. Var. ß. latere antico abrupte umbilicato. Mytilus umbilicatus. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 112, tab. 65. Habitat in mari Mediterraneo et in oceano Europæo vul- garis. HORSE MODIOLE. Shell fuscous (beneath the epidermis whitish); hinder side with a rounded wing; anterior side distinctly sinuated. This species is common in the European ocean and Me- diterranean sea. On our coast it is called the horse-muscle. It sometimes grows to the length of nine or ten inches, and is subject to great variation in colour, being found black, fuscous, and luteous, but beneath the epidermis the shell is invariably whitish. In the young state it has been considered as forming two species, which have been de- scribed by Pennant and Donovan under the names curtus and barbatus. The beard-like epidermis of the young shell is simple, and not serrated. Pennant considered the umbi- 34 licated variety as a distinct species ; and in this opinion he was supported by Donovan and Montagu; the latter au- thor, however, in the supplement to his Testacea Britan- nica, admits M. umbilicatus, curtus, barbatus, and modiolus of Pennant, to be one and the same species. Sp. 3. MODIOLA GIBBSII. TAB. LXXII. Fig. II. M. testa fusca sub epidermide albida ; interne albida pos- tice rufescente; latere antico late sinuato ; latere postico ala rotundata. Habitat GIBB'S MODIOLA. و Shell externally fuscous, beneath the epidermis whitish internally whitish, with the posterior side reddish ; ante- rior margin with a broad sinuation ; hinder margin with a rounded wing This species was first noticed as a distinct species by Mr. Gibbs (formerly collector for Montagu), who found several specimens on one of the western coasts of England. I have likewise seen a single specimen which was taken at Daw- lish ; but until farther proof shall have been produced of its being a constant inhabitant of our coasts, I shall refrain from adding it to the British Fauna, which is already swelled by the addition of many very doubtful inhabitants of our coasts. The serrated epidermis or beard, as well as the reddish mark within the shell, distinguishes it from MODIOLA PA- PUANA ; the whole forın of the shell also is different. 35 oid moet * b. Dans une Sp. 1. MODIOLA PRIDEAUX. M. testa postice cancellis elongatis ; latere postico ala ro- tundata, latere antico medium versus late sinuato. Habitat in Angliæ occidentalis mari. PRIDEAUX’S MODIOLA. Hinder part of the shell with elongated cancelli; hinder side with a rounded wing; anterior side towards the middle, broadly sinuated. The discovery of this beautiful little shell (which does not exceed a quarter of an inch in length), is due to C. Prideaux, Esq. of Kingsbridge : several specimens were found by that gentleman amongst sand, from Milton on the southern coast of Devon, and it is named after him; a tribute due to one of the most zealous and active investi- gators of the marine zoology of Britain. * C. This section contains several obscure species, which have been confounded together under the titles of Mytilus dis- cors. Montagu describes two species as natives of Great Britain: one he has named M. discors, (but I am by no means satisfied that it is the discors of Linné); the other, which is a very distinct species, discrepans. 36 Sp. 1. MODIOLA DISCREPANS. M. testa nigra ; postice costis perpaucis, antice costis nu- merosissimis, angustis, rotundatis, crenulatis, (sulcis sæpe crenulatis exinde cancellatis); latere antico medium ver- sus late sinuato. Mytilus discrepans. Mont. Test. Brit. 1, 169—Supl. p. 65, t. 26, f. 4. Fleming, Edin, Enc, art. Conchology. Habitat in mari Scotico. DISCORDANT MODIOLE. Shell black ; hinder part with a few ribs, anterior part with a vast number of narrow, rounded crenulated ribs, (with the interstices often wrinkled so, as to produce a cancel- lated structure); anterior side, towards.the middle, broadly sinuated. This species is very common in the Scottish sea, and in the Frith of Forth is often found of one inch and a quarter in length. Montagu says, that small specimens are com- mon on the Devonshire coasts. When young, it is often luteous or greenish; when old, it is always black; with decorticated beaks. a. Sp. 1. MODIOLA INCURVATA. TAB. LXXII. FIG. III. M. testa olivaceo-virens, subiridescens ; latere antico lu- tescente late et profunde emarginato. Habitat 37 BENT MODIOLE. Shell greenish-olive, slightly iridescent; anterior side lu- teous, deeply and broadly notched. Several specimens of this species, all having decorti. cated beaks, occur in the cabinet of shells in the British Museum. The curved appearance arises from the depth of the notch on the anterior side of the shell. The locality is unknown. ** b. To this section, Mytilus præustus (which seems to have been confounded with other kindred species) is referable. 39 EGERIA. CANCER, Herbst. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa spinosa antice rostro elongato terminata; oculi magni pedunculo multo crassiores ; orbita postice bifissa inferne unifissa. Antenna exteriores ad rostri latera insertæ articulis duobus primis crassioribus secundo primo multo breviore, Pedes duo antici didactyli; Maris corpore subduplo lon- giores, subfiliformes aliis vix crassiores; pedes 8 postici longissimi, tenuissimi, consimiles (ordine 2, 3, 4 et 5); ungues elongati, subarcuati, tenuissimi. Pedipalpi gemini externi caulis interni articulo secundo latere interiore recto apice interno abrupte prominulo. EGERIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell spinous, terminated in front by an elongate beak ; eyes large, and much thicker than their peduncle; orbit behind with two, below with one fissure. External antenna inserted at the lateral base of the rostrum, the two first joints longer than the rest, the first much longer than the second. Legs, anterior pair didactyle; (of the MALE, about twice the length of the body, nearly filiform, and scarcely thicker than the others); four hinder pair very long, very slender, and of equal thickness and form (magni- tude 2, 3, 4 and 5); claws elongate, somewhat arcuate, very slender. External double palpes with the inner side of the second joint of the internal footstalk strait, with the internal apex abruptly prominent. G 2 40 TAB. LXXIII. EGERIA INDICA. E. rostro acute emarginato; testa pone rostrum tuberculis septem ordine 3, 2, 1, et 1. Herbst 1, tab. xvi. fig. 93. Habitat in oceano Indica. Mus. Societ. Linn. et Mus. Britann. INDIAN EGERIA. Beak acutely notched; shell behind the beak, with six tu- bercles arranged in transverse lines, 3, 2, 1, and 1. Col. Hardwicke deposited this species, together with his magnificent collection of Indian malacostraca, in the cabi- net of the Linnean Society, and in the British Museum. Egeria Indica is not uncommon in the Indian ocean. os 73 RIN DH'Saulpt 41 DOCLEA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa villosa lateribus subspinosis, antice rostro brevi ter- minata ; oculi mediocres pedunculo multo crassiores ; orbita postice et inferne unifissa, Antennæ exteriores ad rostri latera insertæ articulo secundo primo breviore. Pedes duo antici didactyli (FEMINÆ corporis longitudine filiformes aliis tenuiores); pedes octo postici tenues longi, subconsimiles pari secundo subcrassiore (ordine 2, 3, 4 et 5); ungues elongati, tenues, arcuati. Pedipalpi gemini externi caulis interni articulo secundo la- tere interno apicem versus profunde emarginato. DOCLEA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell villose, with somewhat spinous sides, terminated in front by a short beak; eyes moderate, much thicker than their peduncles; orbit, behind and below, with one fissure. External antenne inserted at the base of the beak, the second joint shorter than the first. Legs, anterior pair didactyle ; (of the FEMALE, as long as the body, filiform, and more slender than the others ); eight hinder legs slender, long, and nearly alike, the second pair being rather thicker, (in order, 2, 3, 4 and 5); claws elongate, slender, arcuate. External double palpes with their internal footstalk having the internal side of the second joint towards the apex deeply notched. 42 TAB. LXXIV. DOCLEA RISSONII. D. testa pedibusque brunneo-pubescentibus illâ postice uni- spinosâ ; lateribus utrinque trispinosis. Habitat Mus. Britann. RISSO'S DOCLEA. Shell and feet with brown pubescence; hinder part of the shell with one spine ; each side with three spines. This species of Doclea is named after the author of the Ichthyologie de Nice," who is about to publish “ His- toire des Crustacées de Nice,” which is now in the press. I have seen but one specimen, and its locality is un- known. M +/ 43 RUTELA. RUTELA, Latreille, Leach. CETONIA, Fabr., Oliv. MELOLONTHA, Falr., Oliv., Donov. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput subtrigonum antice obtusum, subrefleum ; mandi. bula ad apicem internum tri-denticulatæ ; palpi articulo ultimo elongato-ovato, subcrassiore ; antenne clava oblonga, triphylla, longitudinis totius illarum dimidium æquante. Thorax transversus antice angustior emarginatus. . Epigastrium antice productum ; elytra simplicia margine nec dilatato nec canaliculato; scutellum trigonum diame- tris subæqualibus. Pedes robusti; ungues magnitudine inæquales. RUTELA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head somewhat triangular, anterior part obtuse, and some- what reflexed; mandibles with three little teeth on their interior point; palpi with last joint oblong-ovate, and thicker than the other joints; antenne with an oblong three-leaved club half as long as the antennæ. Thorax transverse, anteriorly narrower, and notched. Epigastrium produced in front; elytra simple, their mar- gin neither channelled nor dilated ; scutellum triangular, with equal diameters. Legs strong; claws unequal in size. The species of this genus have very brilliant colours, and are principally natives of South America and of New Holland, 44 TAB. LXXV. FIG. I. RUTELA VIRIDI-ÆNEA. R. viridi-ænea punctulata ; elytris basi punctatis punctis in strias subdigestis ; antennis pedibusque castaneis ; tarsis nigris. Melolontha viridi-ænea. Donov. Ins. New Holl. Habitat in Australasia. GREEN-BRASSY RUTELA. Green-brassy and punctulated ; base of the elytra with punctures slightly arranged into striæ ; antennæ and legs chesnut ; tarsi black. Inhabits New Holland. TAB. LXXV. FIG. II. RUTELA VIRIDI-TARSIS. R. sub castanea ; thorace scutelloque æneis ; elytris punc- tatis punctis in strias digestis; tarsis viridibus. Habitat in Australasia vulgatissimè. GREEN-FOOTED RUTELA. Somewhat chesnut-coloured; thorax and scutellum æne- ous ; elytra with punctures arranged into striæ; tarsi green. This is a most common insect in New Holland, and has been confounded with the preceding species. The extremity of the abdomen has always a tuft of fulvous hair, which although not peculiar to this species, is never found in R. viridi-enea. 75 RP Ver 45 POGONIA. ETT Bucco, Latham, Gmelin. POGONIA*, Vieillot. MSS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum magnum, crassum basi ciliatum; mandibula supe- rior utrinque bidentata. Pedes simplices digitis duobus anticis, duobus posticis, POGONIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak large, thick, with the base ciliated; upper mandible with two teeth on each side. Legs simple, with two toes before, and two behind. The genus POGONIA* was proposed by Mons. Vieillot, in a paper sent by that gentleman to the Linnean Society, and as it is a natural one, I have adopted it. By Latham and Gmelin, the birds of this genus were placed with Bucco. Πωγωνίας barbatus, , But 46 TAB. LXXVI. POGONIA SULCIROSTRIS. P. cyaneo-ater ; gula, jugulo, abdomine fasciaque obscura alarum coccineis; lateribus flavidis; dorso macula alba ; remigibus fuscis; rostro mandibula superiore longitudi- naliter unisulcato, inferiore sulcis transversis exarata. Bucco dubius a. Lath. Ind. Ornithol. 206, 16. Habitat in Africa. GROOVE-BEAKED POGONIA. Blue black; throat, neck, belly, and an obscure band on the wings, scarlet ; sides yellowish ; back with a white patch ; wing-quills dark brown, upper mandible with one longitudinal, under with several transverse grooves. The description of this species is drawn from three speci- mens that were lately received from Africa; and although Dr. Latham, in his description of Bucco dubius (doubtful Barbet), has not noticed the band on the wings, and the yellowish sides of the abdomen, yet as these characters might easily be overlooked in a stuffed specimen, or be wanting in some individuals, I have little hesitation in re- ferring his synonym to the above species, although the grooves on the beak may be hereafter found to be a cha- racter common to other species. 76 w Dramos Engravedon Publifizə. Cy RPNósen. Javistocle St London 77 Draron engraved of Published by. 20. Noader 47 TAB. LXXVII. POGONIA LÆVIROSTRIS. P. ater; gula, jugulo, pectore, abdomine fasciaque alarum coccineis; dorso macula alba ; vertice coccineo-yarie- gato; rostro lævi haud sulcato. Habitat Mus. Brit. SMOOTH-BEAKED POGONIA. Black ; throat, neck, breast, abdomen, and a band on the wings, scarlet; back with a white spot; crown of head d variegated with scarlet ; beak smooth, not grooved. I am unacquainted with the locality of this species, a fine specimen of which is preserved in the British Museum. It may at once be distinguished from Pogonia sulciros- tris by its beak; but as other species without grooves, may be hereafter discovered, comparative characters in this, as in other instances, should be used with the greatest cau- Stion. 911 H2 BOARDOT 49 PISA. CANCER, Montagu. Pisa, Leach. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa dense villosa, tuberosa antice rostro bifido termi- nata ; rostrum laciniis divaricatis ; oculi pedunculo sub- crassiores; orbita postice bifissa, infra unifissa. Antennce exteriores hirtæ pilis basilaribus clavatis, articulo primo secundo multo longiore. Pedipalpi gemini externi caulis interni articulo secundo ad apicem internum emarginato, aut truncato. Pedes duo antici didactyli aliis distincte crassiores; (MARIS corpore longiores, FÆMINE corporis longitudine); pedes octo postici mediocres ; ungues denticulati apice nudi. PISA. Shell thickly covered with down, tuberculated, terminated in front by a bifid rostrum with diverging points ; eyes somewhat thicker than their peduncle; orbit with two fissures behind and one below. Exterior antennæ bristly, the basal hairs clubbed, the first joint much longer than the second. External double pedipalpes with the second joint of their internal footstalk notched at their internal apex. Anterior pair of legs didactyle, distinctly thicker than the others ; (of the Male, longer than the body-of the Female, as long as the body) ; eight other legs mode- rately long ; nails denticulated, with naked points. There is a spine on each side, between the base of the rostrum and the eyes. 50 TAB. LXXVIII. PISA NODIPES. P. rostro horizontali ; brachiis ferorumque apice nodosis. Habitat KNOT-LEGGED PISA. Rostrum horizontal ; arms and tips of the thighs knotted. The annexed plate represents the male, the abdomen of the male and female, with the external double pedipalpe, of the natural size, executed from a drawing by Mr. James Sowerby, jun. This species may readily be distinguished from Pisa. GIBBSII, (cancer biaculeatus, Montagu), by the tubercles on the tops of the thighs and on the arms, and by the po- sition of the rostrum, which in that species bends down- wards. A figure of P. Gibbsii will be shortly given in Malacos- traca Podophthalmata Britanniæ, Tab. 20. ene olan 7 Engravede. Publishes Ey Rotosoon 51 GORGONECEPHALUS. ASTERIAS, Linné, Gmelin, &c. OPHIURA, Lamarck. GORGONECEPHALUS, Leach. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus subconvexum radiis quinque dichotomis, ramosis ramis ramulosis lateribus subspinulosis. Os inferius, echinatum, pentagonum. MEDUSAHEAD. Body somewhat convex, with five dichotomous branched rays, having the sides slightly spined, the branches bearing twigs. Mouth placed beneath, five-sided, spined. Linné comprehended the species which constitute this genus, under the general title of Asterias Caput-Medusa, and in this he has been followed by most writers. Gmelin, however, on the authority of Retzius and Linch, enume- rates another species, named Euryale. All the species have an oblong perforation on each side of the base of the under part of every ray," as in Ophiura, from which I formerly separated this genus, on account of its branched rays. 79 ID Cra ayyanurage 3 2 C 5 4 Drapon Engrarned th Published Cup Rollader. Tavistock ft london. 53 su OPHIURA. OPHIURA, Lamarck, Duméril. ondolid balle ASTERIAS, Linné, &c. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus valde depressum rotundatum radiis quinque distan- tibus integris, squamosis, lateribus spinosissimis, spinis mobilibus, in lineas transversas digestis. Os inferius, simplex, pentagonum. OPHIURE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body much depressed, rounded, with five distant, entire, squamous rays, with very spinous sides ; spines move- able, Mouth simple, five-sided, placed beneath. The species of this genus are distinguished by the sculp- ture of their disc, by their spines, and by the form of the scales. They are preserved with difficulty, owing to their breaking to pieces by the violence of their contractions when taken from the ocean. The following species have been examined, but I cannot venture to affix any synonyms. Sp. 1. OPHIURA LINCKII. TAB. LXXIX. FIG. IV. V. O. corpore granulato inter radias bilobato; radiis, squamis transversis ovatis subgranulatis ; spinis simplicibus elon- gato-subconicis obtusis, superioribus crassis apice acumi- natis. Habitat Mus. Brit. 1 54 LINCK'S OPHIURE. Body granulated, bilobate between the rays; rays with transverse ovate, somewhat granulated scales ; spines simple elongate-subconic, obtuse, the upper ones largest, with acuminate points. The locality of this species is unknown: there are several specimens in the British Museum. The scales beneath the rays are as long as they are broad. Figures IV. and V. represent fragments of the upper and lower surface of this species. Sp. 2. OPHIURA GRANULATA. O. corpore granulato inter radias bilobato ; radiis squamis transversis latioribus ovatis ; spinis simplicibus elongatis acuminatis apice obtusis. Habitat Mus. Britan. GRANULATED OPHIURE. Body granulated, between the rays bilobate; rays with transverse broad oval scales ; spines simple elongate, acuminate with obtuse points. This species is likewise preserved in the British Museum. The scales beneath the rays are distinctly broader than long Sp. 3. OPHIURA VULGARIS. O. corpore areolato, insterstitiis discoque spinosis ; radiis squamis antice acuminatis imbricatis ; spinis acuminatis rugulosis apice obtusis, Habitat in mari Britannico vulgatissime. 55 COMMON OPHIURE. Body areolated, the interstices and disc spinous ; rays co- vered by scales with acuminate fronts; spines acumi- nated, rugose, with obtuse points. Inhabits the British seas every where; colour, when alive, red, white, blue, and purple, intermixed; rays annulated. Sp. 4. OPHIURA VIOLASCENS. 0. corpore areolato, interstitiis discoque spinulosis ; radiis squamis rhomboideis; spinis subacuminatis utrinque spi- nulis ciliatis apice obtusis. Habitat Mus. Brit. VIOLASCENT OPHIURE. Body areolated, the interstices and disc spinulose; rays with rhomboidal scales; spines somewhat acuminate on each side, ciliated, with spines ; tips obtuse. British Museum. Locality unknown; colour inclining to violet. Sp. 5. OPHIURA AMMOTHEA. TAB. LXXIX. FIG. I. II. III. O. corpore inter radias lobato, squamis minutissime granu- latis interstitiis granulatis subspinulosisque; radiis squa- mis transversis ovatis, suturis squamulosis, spinis acu- minatis brevibus, Habitat Mus. Brit. I 2 56 AMMOTHEA OPHIURE. Body lobated between the rays, covered with minutely- granulated scales, the sutures granulated, and somewhat spinulose; rays with transverse ovate scales, squamulose sutures, spines short and acuminate. British Museum. Locality unknown. Sp. 6. OPHIURA FLEMINGII. O. corpore inter radias lobato, squamis granulosis interstiis granulatis; radiis squamis transversis ovatis suturis squa- mulosis, spinis brevioribus conicis. Habitat in Mari Scotico. FLEMING'S OPHIURE, Body lobated between the rays, covered with granulated scales, the interstices granulated; rays with transverse ovate scales, the sutures squamulose, the spines shorter, conic. This ophiure is very common in the Scottish sea : it was first noticed by the Rev. Dr. Fleming in Zetland, and af- terwards on many parts of the Scottish coast by myself. It differs from the preceding species, in having no spines between the scales on the body, and the spines of the rays are distinctly shorter, 57 Sp. 7. OPHIURA BRACHIATA. O. corpore squamoso in ter radias emarginato, squamis 10 subgeminatis majoribus: radiis longissimis squamis trans- versis, spinis brevibus. Asterias brachiata. Montagu. Habitat in Angliæ occidentalis Mari. LONG-RAYED OPHIURE. Body squamous, emarginate between the rays, with ten scales larger than the others, and nearly geminated ; rays very long, with transverse scales and short spines. This species was first noticed by Montagu, and was de- scribed by him in the Transactions of the Linnean Society. It is very common on the western coasts of England, in deep water. Sp. 8. OPHIURA ELEGANS. Corpore squamoso inter radias tenue subemarginato squa- mis 10 geminatis majoribus; radiis longis squamis sub- transversis, spinis brevibus. Habitat in Angliæ occidentalis mari rarius. Mus. nost. ELEGANT OPHIURE. Body squamous, very slightly emarginate between the rays, , with ten geminated scales larger than the others; rays long, with somewhat transverse scales and short spines. I have occasionally found this species on the rocks on the southern coast of Devonshire. . It is to be distinguished from O. BRACHIATA by other characters than those given 58 in the specific character. The scales of the body are nearly of one size, and the margin has a distinct row of scales running round it. When alive, the colour is greyish, the arms being annulated with white. Sp. 9. OPHIURA ARENOSA. 0. corpore squamoso squamis 15 majoribus per tria dispo- sita ; radiis acuminatis subcarinatis ; squamis transversis, spinis brevibus acuminatis. Asterias lacertosa. Pennant. Habitat in Mari Europæo inter arenam vulgatissime. SAND OPHIURE. Body squamous, with fifteen scales larger than the rest, disposed in groups of three; rays acuminate, slightly carinated with transverse scales, and short acuminate spines. This Ophiure is common on the sandy coasts of the Eu- ropean seas, and is often thrown on the shore after a heavy gale of wind. Sp. 10. OPHIURA BRACHYCANTHA. O. corpore granulato ; radiis teretibus elongatis, squamis latis transversis, spinis brevissimis. Habitat Mus. Brit. 59 SHORT-SPINED OPHIURE. Body granulated; rays rounded, elongate, scales broad, transverse, with very short spines. Inhabits Two specimens of this curious Ophiure are preserved in the British Museum. Locality unknown. . *** The description of Tab. LXXX. shall be given in our next Number. 80 TI RP Norder Tett fculpt 61. O ALECTO. ON ASTERIAS, Lincke, Pennant, Gmelin. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus depressum, irregulare, minutum, radiis plurimis dichotomis aut trichotomis squamosis, lateribus utrinque ciliatis, ciliis setaceis multiarticulatis, simplici serie dis- positis ; dorso tentaculis articulatis ungue acuto termic natis marginato. Os inferius, irregulare. ALECTO. Body irregular, depressed, minute, with many dichotomous or trichotomous scaly rays, ciliated on either side, with setaceous, many-jointed ciliæ, disposed in a simple series ; upper part margined with articulated feelers, which are terminated by an acute claw. Mouth irregular, and placed beneath. Sp. 1. ALECTO HORRIDA. TAB. LXXX. A. radiis inermibus ciliis teretibus; dorsi tentaculis glabris articulis mediocribus interne spinoso-productis. Habitat Mus. Britan. 62 HORRID ALECTO. Rays simple; tentacules of the back smooth, with the joints moderately long, and produced internally. Locality unknown. British Museum. Sp. 2. ALECTO EUROPÆA. A. radiis inermibus ciliis teretibus ; dorsi tentaculis tenu- issimé rugulosis articulis elongatis medio coarctatis, ul- timô interné productô. Asterias Decacnemos. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 66. Pl. xxxiii.? Habitat in oceano Europæo. EUROPEAN ALECTO. Rays simple; tentacules of the back very slightly rough- ish, the joints elongate, contracted at their middle part, the last internally produced. This species is found in the European ocean, and is not uncommonly dredged up on the south coast of Devonshire. If it be the same with A. decacnemos of Pennant, of which there is little doubt, it likewise inhabits the western coast of Scotland. 63 Sp. 3. ALECTO CARINATA. A. radiis supra spinoso-carinatis ciliis compressis; dorsi tentaculis tenuissimé rugulosis articulis mediocribus, in- ermibus. Habitat Mus. Britan. CARINATED ALECTO. Rays above, with a carina of spines, the ciliæ compressed; tentacules of the back very slightly rugulose, the joints simple, and of moderate length. Locality not known. British Museum. K2 65 ORHAMPHASTOS. RHAMPHASTOS, auctorum. Rostrum maximum, inane, convexum, extrorsum serratum, apice incurvatum ; nares pone basin sitæ. Pedes simplices digitis duobus posticis, duobus anticis, ex- terioribus longioribus ; ungues breves, curvati, com- pressi. TOUCAN. Beak very large, light, convex, serrated outwards, the tip curved ; nostrils situated behind the base of the beak. Legs simple, with two toes before, and the same number behind, the external toes longest ; claws short, curved and compressed. The Toucans are inhabitants of the warmer parts of South America. Their food consists of fruits. They ni- dificate in hollow trees, and the female lays two or three eggs. The use of the beak, which is extremely light, and whilst recent compressible, is not known. 66 TAB. LXXXI. RHAMPHASTOS ARACARI R. nigro-virescens, abdomine flavo, fascia abdominali uro- pygioque coccineis : cauda subtus virescente. Rhamphastos Aracari. Linn. &c. Habitat in America Australi. ARACARI TOUCAN. Black-greenish ; abdomen yellow, with a crimson band; rụmp crimson ; under part of the tail greenish. This species is about seventeen inches in length, somé- times less. The beak is black, with a whitish margin round its base ; the lower part of the upper mandible is also whitish. The head and neck of the female is said to be brownish. 1 81 Dramon Egg-pand 5 Pellishea byr. P. Abdoer Jevistock pe fondon, 67 SPATANGUS. Echinus, Linn., Gmel., Penn, &c.AZ SPATANGUS, Lamarck. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus crustaceum, irregulare, ovale aut cordiforme; spinis minutis instructum ; poris per paria digestis, ambulacras quatuor basi imperfectas efformantibus. Os inferum, inter medium et latus. Anus lateralis SPATANGUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body crustaceous, irregular, oval or heart-shaped; covered with minute spines; with pores arranged in pairs, form- ing four ambulacra with imperfect bases. Mouth placed beneath, between the centre and the side. Anus lateral. We possess two indigenous species of this genus, which are figured by Pennant. 68 TAB. LXXXII. SPATANGUS AUSTRALASIÆ. S. lateribus supra spinis majoribus in foveolis receptis. Habitat in Australasiæ Mari. NEW-HOLLAND SPATANGUS. Side above, with larger spines inserted in excavations. In the annexed plate, two views of the shell of this spe- cies, deprived of its spines, are given : in one of which, the excavations for the reception of the base of the larger spines, are very evident. The larger spines are placed, as usual, on papillæ, which rise from the hollows to receive them, 82 00 unt roligused Precistica by na Novom Yu-toceste contes 69 or and out on to bod LISSA. CANCER, Herbst. MAJA, Latreille, Bosc. CHARACTER GENERIGUS. 1 Testa tuberosa antice rostro fisso terminata ; rostrum laci- niis approximatis; oculi pedunculo subcrassiores ; orbita infra et postice fissura una. Antennæ exteriores hirtæ pilis clavatis, articulo primo se- cundo longiore. Pedipalpi gemini externi caulis interni articulo secundo ad apicem internum truncato.emarginato. Pedes decem ; par anticum didactylum aliis distincte cras- sius; (Maris corporis longitudine; Fæminæ corpore subbrevius); paria quatuor postica mediocria ; ungues inermes apice nudi. LISSA. GENERIC CHARACTER. . Shell tuberose, terminated in front with a cloven beak; beak with the lacinia meeting ; eyes somewhat thicker than their footstalks ; orbit with one fissure below and another behind. External antenne with clubbed hairs, the first joint longer than the second. External double feet-palpes with the internal apex of the second joint of their internal footstalk truncate-emargi- nate. 70 Legs ten; the two anterior ones distinctly thicker than the others (of the Male, as long as the body; of the Fe. MALE, shorter than the body); other ones alike, and of moderate length; claws simple, with naked tips. The shell is naked, the lacinia of the beak meet toge- ther, and the claws are not denticulated within. These are the most striking characters which divide this natural genus from Pisa. TAB. LXXXIII. LISSA CHIRAGRA. L. rostro obtuso angulis anticis subreflexis; pedibus no- dosis. Cancer chiragra. Herbst. tab. 17, fig. 96. Inachus chiragra. Fab. Sup. Ent. Syst. 357, 11. Maja chiragra. Bosc. Hist. Nat. des Crust. 1, 255. Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Ins. 6, 97. Habitat in Mari Mediterraneo. GOUTY LISSA. Beak obtuse, with the anterior exterior angles somewhat reflexed ; legs knotted. Inhabits the Mediterranean sea, and is said also to have been taken on the coast of Cornwall by Mr. Swainson. Derm Cagpared * Potches, by er der home 71 LIMULUS. LIMULUS, Müller, Fabr., Latr., Leach. MONOCULUS, Linn., Gmel. POLYPHEMUS, Lamarck. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus horizontale, clypeiforme; testa coriacea, duplex, antice rotundata, postice angustior ; antica major, sub- lunatus, convexus, tricarinatus, oculi duo ovati, minimi, sessiles vix prominuli, uno utrinque ad carinæ lateralis latus inserto: postica subtriangularis postice truncato- marginata, lateribus utrinque dentatis spinisque mobili- bus instructis. Cauda cornea trigona scuti postici apicis emarginati medio ginglimo articulata. Mandibulæ duæ sub margine antico testæ anticæ insertæ, basi approximatæ, biarticulatæ, articulo secundo pollice mobili instructo. Pedes decem didactyli ; par quintum longius articulo pe- nultimo ad apicem lamellis quatuor elongatis. LIMULUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body horizontal, shield-shaped ; shell coriaceous, double rounded in front, narrower behind; anterior shell larg- ést, somewhat lunate, convex, with three carinæ ; eyes two, ovate, very small, sessile, and scarcely prominent, one on each side, being inserted on the side of the late- ral carina ; hinder shell somewhat triangular, truncate- emarginate behind, the sides toothed, having a move- able spine between each tooth; tail horny, three-sided, 72 articulated to the hinder notched tip of the second shell by an hinge-like joint. Mandibles two, two-jointed, inserted under the anterior margin of the shell, their bases meeting, the second joint furnished with a moveable thumb. Legs ten, didactyle ; fifth pair longest, the last joint but one with its extremity bearing four elongate lamellæ. TAB. LXXXIV. LIMULUS SOWERBII. L. testa antica spinis septem, 1, 3, 3; testa postica spinis quinque 3, 1, 1, spinis lateralibus elongatis simplicibus, cauda superne subspinulosa. Habitat SOWERBEAN LIMULUS. Anterior shell with seven spines, arranged 1, 3, 3 ; hinder shell with five, 3, 1,1, the lateral spines elongate and simple, tail above somewhat spinulose. This species is extremely common, but I cannot refer it to any Limulus described by authors, whose descriptions of the species have been too generally drawn up to be use- ful. Locality not known. Monoculus polyphemus of Linné, belongs to this genus. 3 رو 2 4 Dronneignavedan Pawbühar , Nozzen. Janstock fu foniem 73 NEMOPTERYX. PANORPA, Auctorum. NEMOPTERA, Latreille. DIPTITA, Hoffmansegg MSS. . NEMOPTERYX, Leach. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput verticale; clypeus in laminam rostriformem, perpen- dicularem instrumenta cibaria infra excipientem produc- tus; palpi 6 breves; antenne setaceæ inter oculos in- sertæ ; ocelli nulli. Corpus elongatum, angustum ; thorax bipartitus, segmen- tum anticum brevissimum, secundum majus; ale reticu- latæ extensæ, anticæ subovatæ, postice longissimæ, li- neares; pedes breves, tarsi elongati, articulis 5 gracili- bus, integris, ungues elongatis, edentulis. NEMOPTERYX. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head vertical ; clypeus produced into a rostriform, perpen- dicular lamina, bearing the instruments of mastication beneath; palpi six, short; antenna setaceous, inserted between the eyes; ocelli none. Body elongate, narrow; thorax composed of two segments, the first very short, the second longer; wing's reticulated, extended, anterior ones somewhat ovate, hinder very long, and linear ; legs short, tarsi elongate, composed of five slender, entire joints, claws elongate and simple. 2 Sp. 1. NEMOPTERYX LUSITANICA. TAB, LXXXV. FIG. SUP. N. corpore nigro flavoque vario ; alis anticis latis, flavidis fasciis transversis undulatis punctisque fuscis; posticis albidis basi fuscis fasciisque duabus perfuscis. Diptita Lusitanica, Hoffmanseg MSS. Habitat in Lusitania vulgatissime. PORTUGUESE NEMOPTERYX. Body black, variegated with yellow; anterior wings broad, with transverse waving bands and spots of dark brown ; hinder wings whitish, with their base brown, and with two dark brown bands. This species is very common in Portugal. I have received it from my learned friend Count Hoffmansegg, under the title Diptita Lusitaniça, with the assurance that it is not Panorpa coa of Linné, which, from the figure referred to, seems to differ, in having the anterior wings slightly notched. Sp. 2. NEMOPTERYX AFRICANA. FIG, INFER. N. corpore luteo; alis anticis hyalinis costa lutea; posticis luteis fascia brunnea apice albidis. Habitat in Africa. Mus. Macleay, nostr. Body luteous ; anterior wings transparent, with the costal ICO time Dee Pace 75 margin luteous; hinder wings luteous, with a brown band and whitish tips. Dr. Afzelius found this species at Sierra Leone, and Mr. Macleay has lately received a specimen from J. C. Savigny, who probably brought it from Egypt. From the description of Fabricius, his P. halterata must be dis- tinct. 77 CORVUS. CORACIAS, Lath. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum convexum, robustum, dente utrinque versus api- cem ; nares pennis setaceis recumbentibus obtectæ, Pedes simplices digitis tribus anticis, uno postico. Om CROW. GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak convex, strong, with a tooth on each side towards the point ;. nostrils covered with setaceous recumbent fea- thers. Legs simple, with three toes before and one behind. 78 CORVUS STREPERA. C. atro-nigra, macula alarum, crisso, caudaque basi apice- que albis. Coracias strepera. Lath. Ind. Ornith. 1, 173, 21. Habitat in Insula Maris Pacifici Norfolk. NOISY CROW. Dark sooty-black; a mark on the wings ; upper and lower tail coverts, and tip of the tail, white. This bird is very common in Norfolk Island, and is said to congregate in large flocks, uttering a loud jarring noise. It has all the characters of the genuine crow, and is intro- duced here as a good example of one of that genus. P103 301016 To supanga One must's song oth 98 OVA lur 2rarm Engram Postuliska? Lay 27. or. Fons toeko's 79 NACIONA. ACIONA. BACCINUM, Rumphii. TURBO, Linn., &c. SCALARIA, Lamarck. SCALARUS, De Montford. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa libera, univalvis, conica, spira elevata, regularis ; an. fractus teretes, distincti, distantes transversim costati ; columella nulla; os rotundatum, integrum, perfectum, marginatum. ANIMAL incognitum. WENDELTRAP. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell free, univalve, conic, with a regular elevated spire; whirls round, distinct, distant and transversely ribbed ; pillar none; mouth rounded, entire, perfect, and mar- gined. ANIMAL unknown. The absence of the columella or pillar, will warrant the liberty I have taken in dividing this genus from scalaria of Lamarck. Of the animal nothing is known; but it is pro- bably totally distinct from that of the genuine genus scala- rie, which is admirably figured in Planc's work on the rarer shells of the Adriatic. Of the genus aciona there are probably more than one species; that from China being different in form and thickness from the Amboina one. L 2 80 Tab. LXXXVII. ACIONA SCALARIS. A. testa albida costis superne subreflexis; interstitiis glabris. Turbo scalaris. Linn. Syst. Nat. xii. 1237.-Mart. Conch. 4, t. 152, f. 1426. De rechte Wendeltrap. Rumph. Amb. rarit. tab. 49, fig. A. Scalaria conica. Lam. Syst. des Anim. sans Vert. 88. Scalarus scalatus. De Mont. Conch. Syst. 2, 295. Habitat in Amboina. COMMON WENDELTRAP. Shell whitish, with the ribs slightly reflexed above; the in- 'termediate spaces smooth. This shell was formerly esteemed as a valuable rarity, and was to be found in but few cabinets. It is now a common shell; yet very great prices are often given for large and perfect specimens. The Museum of Mr. Bullock contains the largest known specimen of this elegant species, which was purchased at a sale for twenty-seven pounds ; but it is now estimated as worth more than double that sum. It is commonly called the true Wendletrap, and is also known to collectors by the name of royal stair-case shell. 07 2 290- 9.4 Po-4 bo to no ar 81 HOMOLA. HOMOLA, Leach. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa elongato-quadrata, fronte subproducto ; oculi magni subglobosi, pedunculo elongato, biarticulato, articulo se- cundo brevissimo primoque abrupté crassiore. Antennæ externe infra oculos insertæ, articulis duobus ba- silaribus valde elongatis primo crassiore: internæ intra orbitas insertæ et in oculorum cantho interno reponendæ. Pedipalpi gemini externi caule interno articulis duobus angustis, elongatis, articulo secundo ad apicem palpigero; palpi triarticulati hirsuti, articulo primo breviore. Pedes decem : par anticum majus didactylum: paria 2, 3 et 4 consimilia, unguibus compressis, acutis interné spi- nosis instructa ; par quintum dorsale, monodactylum, ungue tarsoque interne spinulosis. Abdomen 7-articulatum. HOMOLA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell elongate-quadrate, a little produced in front : eyes large, somewhat globose, their footstalk lengthened, and composed of two parts, the second joint very short, and abruptly thicker than the first. External antenne inserted beneath the eyes, the two first joints long, the first thickest : internal antenne inserted within the orbit of the eye, and capable of being lodged in the internal corner. External double feet-palpes with their internal footstalk 82 composed of two lengthened and narrow joints; palpi three-jointed, the first joint shortest. Legs ten ; first pair largest and didactyle, the three follow- ing pair simple, alike in form, and having their claws spiny within ; fifth pair monodactyle; the claw and tibia being spiny within. Abdomen composed of seven joints. The two first joints only of the external antenna of this curious genus remain, we therefore are ignorant as to the form of those essential parts. TAB. LXXXVIII. HOMOLA SPINIFRONS. H. testå antice spinosa, lateribus antice spinulosis ; femo- ribus posticis interne trispinosis. Homola spinifrons. Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 324. Habitat Mus. Britan. SPINY-FRONTED HOMOLA. Shell anteriorly spinose ; sides anteriorly beset with small spines; hinder thighs internally with three spines. The only known specimen of H. spinifrons, (serving as the type of the genus), is preserved in the British Mu- seum, but we are ignorant of its locality. In the annexed plate the animal is represented of its natural size, together with one of the foot-palpes, one of the internal antennæ, and the abdomen of the female. One of the anterior legs being lost, its supposed form is represented by a dotted line. Ꮄ Ꮄ 2 EOL WOTIGA bore bodo 9220 scor 12 und so od alusalib bure to wala on pied or not tous les bonated sites eg Drani Engraved K. Published by RP. Nodder. Favistock ft Cordon. xastalo uone 96 tube UTOLA14 dopood - saint blau zuoro) robos autosati iedom orei 19; seriepa care era in Grosir older de vous strol nyola cena Steroident, sunt in both corces before to become 1999 o abre cra edo esta lage AT 1:26 hab adott orso abia dos do slesdus boobsd si non code do rio noto llor? 83 MACROPUS. CERAMBYX, Linn., Gmel., Fabr., &c. PRIONUS, Olivier. MACROPUS, Thunberg, Leach. LAMIA, Latreille, CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus valde depressum; thorax utrinque tuberculo maximo spina terminato, mobili instructus; pedes antici (maris præsertim) longissimi. Caput verticale ; palpi subfiliformes articulo ultimo ovali ; labrum magnum; antenna longissimæ, setaceæ, 10- articulatæ, in oculorum sinu interno insertæ. MACROPUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body much depressed ; thorax furnished on each side with a large moveable tubercle terminated by a spine ; anterior legs (especially of the male) very long. Head vertical ; palpi somewhat filiform, the last joint oval; labrum large; antenna very long, setaceous, and coin- posed of ten joints, inserted in a notch on the interior side of the eye. The essential character of this genus, is, the moveable tubercle on each side of the thorax: this distinguishes it from all other genera of the tribe to which it belongs. 84 Tab. LXXXIX. MACROPUS PICTUS. M. niger; capite thorace elytrisque rubro flavidoque pictis; femoribus fascia rubra. Cerambyx longimanus. Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 621. Fabr. Syst. Eleut. 2, 266. Prionus longimanus. Oliv. Ins. 60, tab. 3, f. 12. Lamia longimana. Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. 3, 36. Habitat in America Australi. PAINTED MACROPUS. Black; head, thorax, and elytra painted with red, and yel- lowish; thighs with a red band. The painted Macropus is tolerably common in South America. The male is represented in the plate, with one of the fore-legs of the female, for the purpose of pointing out the disproportion which this part exhibits. dom DO Drazon Begrave9 Plesta by RAN, Twitek s London 85 NECROPHORUS. SILPHA, Linnæi, &c. Sebediyorlar NECROPHORUS, Fabr., Latr., &c. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus oblongum subparallelipipedum; subdepressum; (pe- des antici MARis tarsis dilatatis); elytra truncata, mar- gine exteriori haud canaliculato. Caput nutans; antenne capite longiores, clava valdé per- foliata, abrupta terminatæ; palpi porrecti. GRAVEDIGGER. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body oblong, somewhat parallelipiped, and depressed; ante- rior pair of legs (of the Male) with dilated tarsi; elytra truncated, the exterior margin not chanelled. Head nutant; antenna longer than the head, termi- nated by an abrupt and very perpoliated club; palpi porrected. Of this genus about eighteen species only have hitherto been discovered. They are found in dead animals and in putrid fungi. Many of them often combine their efforts for the purpose of burying the dead bodies of small animals, which they effect by removing the earth from beneath : in these carcasses the female afterwards deposits her eggs. TAB. XC. FIG. I. NECROPHORUS AMERICANUS. N. niger; thorace depresso inæquali disco ferrugineo ; fronte macula cordiformi elytrisque maculis duabus fer- rugineis ; trochanteribus acutis. 86 Necrophorus Americanus. Oliv. Enc. Méthod. 8, 154. Hist. des Insect. 2, t. 1, f. 3. Necrophorus grandis. Fabr. Syst. Eleut. 1, 334. Habitat in America boreali. AMERICAN GRAVEDIGGER. Zeeman Black; thorax depressed, unequal, with a rust-coloured disc ; front with a cordiform spot, and the elytra with two ferruginous-red spots; trochanters sharp. Inhabits Northern America. It is distinguished from other species by the colour of its thorax. TAB. XC. FIG. II. NECROPHORUS MEDIANUS. N. ater ; thorace convexo, glabro ; elytris maculis tribus ferrugineis trochanteribus acutis. Necrophorus medianus. Fabr. Syst. Eleut. 1, 334. 36 Oliv. Enc. Méthod. 8, 155. Habitat in America boreali. bre CONVEX-THORAX NECROPHORUS. Black ; thorax convex, smooth; elytra with three ferrugi- nous spots ; trochanters sharp. The convexity of the thorax characterises this species. It is found in North America with the preceding insect. албан татвар 90 2.1: Ус-22 - вых 87 NA NECRODES. OM SILPHA, auctorum. NECRODES, Leach. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus oblongo-ovale; depressum; thorax orbicularis ; (pedes quatuor anteriores Maris tarsis dilatatis) ; elytra truncata margine exteriore canaliculato. Caput nutans ;' antenne thoracis longitudine elongato- clavatæ, clava gradatim efformata; palpi porrecti arti- culo ultimo parvo. NECRODES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body oblong-oval, depressed; thorax orbicular; (four an- terior feet of the MALE dilated); elytra truncate, the exterior margin chanelled. Head nutant; antennce as long as the thorax, with a long and gradually-formed club; palpi porrect, their last joint small. The truncate elytra and the form of the thorax, at once distinguish this genus from Silpha, with which it had been arranged by all writers, until I separated it under the above title*, and defined its characters in the Edinburgh Ency. clopedia * Messrs. Kirby, Spence, Wilkin, and myself, separated this genus from Silpha at the same time. 88 NECRODES LITTORALIS. N. nigra ; elytris lineis tribus elevatis, duabus externis tu- berculo connexis : antennis articulis tribus ultimis ferru- gineis. Silpha littoralis auctorum. Habitat in Europa, cadaveribus. your SHORE NECRODES. و Black ; elytra with three elevated lines, the two outer ones connected by a tubercle; three last joints of the antenna ferruginous. Inhabits Europe, and is common in many parts of Great Britain, frequenting carcasses of animals. The male of this insect is subject to considerable varieties in size, in the form of the posterior tibiæ, and in the struc- ture of the posterior thighs ; so much so indeed, as to lead Mr. Curtis and myself to consider them as distinct species. The hinder thighs of the male are always somewhat thicker than those of the female. In large specimens, how- erer, these parts are very much incrassated and denticu- lated beneath. In this variety the hinder tibiæ are very much bent; whereas in the smaller varieties, the hinder tibiæ are nearly strait, and the thighs are quite simple. As every possible gradation between these two varieties exists, and as they are always found together, no doubt can be entertained as to their being the same species. 89 ECHIDNA. In ECHIDNA, Duméril. ORNITHORHYNCHUS, Home. MYRMECOPHAGA, Shaw. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus spinis, pilisque tectum, antice rostro subdepresso angusto terminatum ; pedes quatuor ; antici digitis quin- que; postici quatuor calceque instructi. Os molaribus simplicibus instructum. OBS. Mammæ nullæ. Labia carnosa nulla. Palatum cor- Meatus auditorius externus nullus. neum. ECHIDNA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body covered with spines and hair, anteriorly terminated by a narrow subdepressed beak; legs four; anterior with five, posterior with four toes and a heel. Mouth furnished with simple grinding teeth. Obs. No mammæ. No fleshy lip. Palate horny. No exter- nal ear. The male of this genus, like the Ornithorhynchus, has a spur on each of its hinder legs, close to the heel. The situation of the genera Ornithorhyncus and Echidne in the system of nature, has perplexed naturalists, the greater portion of whom refer them to the class Mamma- lia. Sir Everard Home is the only author who has decid- edly given it as his opinion, that they should constitutę a N 90 concur. distinct class, whose situation should be between the mam- malia and birds ; and in this opinion I most thoroughly . It agrees with the mammalia and birds in having warm blood; it differs from the former class in having no nipples, and from the latter in wanting wings. I do not enumerate the other essential characters of distinction, as those mentioned are the most evident. The class might with propriety be named MONOTREMATA, a term applied to them, as an order of mammalia, by two zoologists. TAB. XC. ECHIDNA HISTRIX. E. nigra, spinis elongatis albido aut cinereo annulatis. Myrmecophaga aculeata. Shaw, Gen. Zool. 1, 175, Pl. 54. Ornithorhynchus Hystrix. Home, Philos. Trans. an. 1802, P. 343. Habitat in Australasia. PORCUPINE ECHIDNA. Black, the spines elongate, annulated, with white or cine- reous. Inhabits New Holland. Sir Everard Home has given an account of the general anatomical structure of this animal, in the Philosophical Transactions for 1802. 11 Sorann Engraved % Pitblished by RP.163.n. 91 PALÆMON. PALÆMON, Fabr., Bosc., Latr., Leach. ASTACUS, Pennant. Cancer, Linné, Gmelin, CHARACTER GENERICUS. Antennæ interiores pedunculo mediocri, setis tribus articu- latis terminatæ ; exteriores infra interiores insertæ squa- mâ magnâ ad basin, ad apicem unidentatâ, pedunculo adnexa. Abdomen articulo secundô anticé et postice productô; cauda lamellis duabus foliaceis utrinque instructa, cum inter- media pinnam flabelliformem, natatoriam efformantibus. Pedes decem ; paria duo antica didactyla, pari antico mi- nore ; paria tria postica simplicia, unguibus simplicibus instructa. Pedipalpi gemini externi caulis interni articulo ultimo acu- minato, penultimo breviore. PRAWN. GENERIC CHARACTER. Interior antenne with a moderate peduncle, terminated by three setæ; exterior antennæ inserted below the internal ones, with a large scale at their base, attached to the peduncle, with the point unidentate. Abdomen with the second joint anteriorly and posteriorly produced, tail with two foliaceous lamellä on each side, forming with the middle one a fan-shaped swimming fin. Legs ten; two anterior pair didactyle, the anterior pair N 2 92 smallest ; three hinder pair simple, furnished with sim- ple claws. External double palpi with the last joint of the internal footstalk acuminated, and shorter than the joint preced- CO ing it. TAB. XCII. PALÆMON CARCINUS. P. rostro serrato decendente apice recurvo; pedibus pari secundo spinuloso digitis interne unispinosis. Astacus fluviatilis major, chelis aculeatis, Sloan, Jam. 2, 271, t. 245, f. 2. Cancer carcinus. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 1051, 64. Cancer (astacus) Jamaicensis. Herbst. 2, 57, tab. xxvii. f. 2. Palæmon carcinus. Fabr. Supl. Ent. Syst. 402, 1. Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des In- sect. 6, 260, 10. Habitat in insulæ Jamaicæ fluviis. JAMAICA PRAWN. Rostrum descending serrated, the apex recurved : second pair of legs spinulose, the fingers internally, with one spine. Palæmon carcinus inhabits the rivers of Jamaica, and is said by Sloane to grow to double the size of that figured in the annexed plate. Linné says, that Gronovius has considered it as a variety of his Cancer Squilla ; but it is not even mentioned by that author : he also refers to a figure in Rumph's Amboina, which evidently is intended to represent another animal. Herbst also refers this species to Gronovius, (Zooph. 987). weer ott hag erymme to exwurunas 6 92 а, 2 тапот беданалыс», Тиса-кә, ата- 93 CALOSOMA. CALOSOMA, Fabr., Latr., Bonelli. CARABUS, Linn., Gmel., &c. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Mandibula magnæ subporrectæ; palpi mediocres articulis æqualibus. Maxillæ apice incrassatæ; antenne setaceæ, rectæ. Abdomen subquadratum ; alæ duæ; elytra integerrima ab- domen totum tegentia. Tibiæ anticæ latere interiore integro. CALOSOMA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mandibles large, subporrect; palpi moderate, the joints equal; maxillæ incrassated at their points; antenna se- taceous, strait. Abdomen subquadrate; wings two; elytra entire, covering the whole abdomen. Anterior tibiæ with the interior edge entire. We have two indigenous species of this genus, Calosoma, Sycophanta, and Inquisitor. All the species have a metallic lustre ; whence their name, signifying a beautiful body, is derived. TAB. XCIII. CALOSOMA SCRUTATOR. C. violaceum ; abdomine cupreo viridique vario; thorace viridi-aureo marginato ; elytris subaureo-viridibus cu- preo marginatis ; singulo striis punctatis intervallis trans- versim intersectis, quarto, octavo, duodecimoque a sutura punctis paucis impressis. Calosoma scrutator. Fabr. Syst. Eleut. 1, 213. Habitat in America. 94 SEARCHER CALOSOMA. Violet ; abdomen variegated with copper and green; tho- rax with a green-gold margin ; elytra green tinged with gold, each with punctured striæ; the intervals trans- versely intersected, the fourth, eighth, and twelfth from the suture, with some impressed dots. This species inhabits America, and in the annexed plate is represented in the flying and walking position. CALOSOMA SYCOPHANTA. C. violaceo-nigrum ; elytris aureo cupreore viridibus; sin- gulo striis punctatis ; intervallis transversim obsolete in- tersectis, quarto, octavo, duodecimo, a sutura, punctis paucis impressis. Calosoma sycophanta. Latr. Gen. Crust, et Insect. 1, 213. Fabr. Syst. Eleut. 1, 212. Carabus sycophanta. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 670. Habitat in Europæ Sylvis. SYCOPHANT CALOSOMA. Violet-black ; elytra copper or golden-green ; each with punctured striæ ; the intervals obsoletely intersected transversely, the fourth, eighth, and twelfth from the suture, with a few impressed dots. Inhabits Europe. In Britain it is rare, having been taken two or three times near Norwich, twice in Ireland, and once near Dartmouth, in Devonshire. It has probably also been taken near London, in Coomb-wood, but this has not been clearly ascertained to have been the case. It differs from C. Scrutator in colour, in being more con- vex, and in having a longer thorax. 95 PETALURA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput subhæmisphæricum, supra clypeum valde vesiculo- sum; vertice ocellis tribus triangulum delinientibus ; oculi magni, laterales haud contigui; labium inferius tri- fidum, lamella intermediâ minore, lamellis lateralibus ad apicem internum emarginatis, lamellâ parvâ apice uni- spinosa terminatis. Alæ horizontaliter, extensæ, stigmate valde elongato, MA- Ris ad angulum analem abrupté subaduncæ. Abdomen elongato-cylindricum, articulo primo, Maris utrinque obtusa unidentato ; cauda lamellâ unâ latissi- mâ utrinque instructa, squamâ inferne interjectâ. PETALURE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head subhemispheric, very vesiculose above the clypeus ; vertex with three ocelli disposed in a triangle; eyes large, lateral, not contiguous; under lip trifid, the intermediate lamella smaller, the lateral ones notched at their internal points, terminated with a little lamella, armed at its point with a spine. Wings extended horizontally, the stigma very much elon, gated; those of the MALE abruptly hooked at their anal angle. Abdomen elongate-cylindric, the first joint of the male on each side armed with an obtuse tooth; tail furnished with two very broad lamellæ, a scale being interposed beneath. 96 This singular genus may at once be distinguished from Æshna of Fabricius and Latreille, by the form of the stig- ma, the distance of the eyes, the triangular disposition of the ocelli, and by the lamellæ which terminate the abdo- From all other genera of its family, it may be dis.. tinguished by the combination of characters above given. men. TAB. XCV. PETALURA GIGANTEA. P. alis hyalinis immaculatis, stigmate pterigostiisque atris, margine antico anticé albido. Habitat in Australasia. GIGANTIC PETALURE. Wings hyaline, without spots; the stigma and wing-bones black, the anterior margin anteriorly whitish. I am indebted to my friend W. J. Hooker, Esq. for my specimens of this interesting species, which was received from New Holland, together with a vast number of curious neuropterous insects, now preserved in the British Mu- seum. 1 2 3 4 SS) Grun. 1792-00224 Paddeo, 222/วร 97 PANORPA. PANORPA, auctorum. core CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput verticale; clypeus in laminam rostriformem, perpen- dicularem, instrumenta cibaria infra excipientem produc- tus ; palpi subæquales, filiformes ; antenne setaceæ inter oculos insertæ ; ocelli tres frontales, in triangulum dis- positi, duobus posticis majoribus. Corpus elongatum, angustum; thorax bipartitus, segmentum anticum brevissimum, secundum majus ; alæ reticulatæ æquales, horizontales, superpositæ, ovato-ellipticæ ; pedes subelongati ; tibie calceratæ; tarsi unguibus duobus arcuatis subtus denticulatis pulvilloque spongioso inter- medio instructi. Abdomen maris ad apicem forcipatum. PANORPA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head vertical ; clypeus produced into a perpendicular, ros- triform lamina, receiving the parts of the mouth beneath; palpi subequal, filiform ; antenne setaceous, inserted between the eyes; ocelli three, disposed in a triangle on the front, the two hinder ones largest. Body elongate, narrow; thorax bipartite, anterior segment very short, the second larger; wings reticulated, equal, horizontal, ovate elliptic, one placed over the other ; legs elongate; tibie furnished with spurs; tarsi with two 98 arcuate claws denticulated within, having a spongy pul- villus between them. Abdomen of the male armed with forceps. Of the economy of this genus nothing certain is known ; and its metamorphosis remains in total obscurity. TAB. XCV. Fig. I. PANORPA COMMUNIS. P. nigra ; alis hyalinis, pterigostiis, fascia apiceque fuscis ; costa obscuré testacea : thorace maculis pedibusque tes- taceis. Panorpa communis, auctorum. Habitat in Europæ sylvis. COMMON PANORPA. Black; wings hyaline, with wing-bones, spots, a band and tips fuscous; anterior margin obscurely testaceous; legs, and spots on the thorax, testaceous. Inhabits the European woods. Fig. II. PANORPA AFFINIS. P. nigra; aliş hyalinis pterigostiis, maculis, apiceque fuscis; costa obscuré testacea; thorace maculis pedibusque tes- taceis. Habitat cum præcedente, 95 Branom (negrePublisha by RPNãoer Tavistock pt concom 99 ALLIED PANORPA. Black; wings hyaline, with wing-bones, spots and tips fuscous; costa obscurely testaceous; legs, and spots on the thorax, testaceous. This species is found in similar situations with the above species, but the want of the band will always distinguish them; and as I have never seen any intermediate varieties, , I hold myself warranted in considering them as distinct. Fig. III. PANORPA SCORPIO. P. nigra ; alis perfuscis medio maculis albis ; abdomine rubro. Panorpa Scorpio, auctorum. Habitat in Americæ sylvis. AMERICAN PANORPA. Black; wings perfuscous in the middle, with white spots ; abdomen red. Inhabits the woods of America. Fig. 4, represents the forceps that terminates the abdo- men of the male. podem anderen beteros shares Emble commentaires 101 CAO PHASCOLOMIS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. . Dentes incisores 2, simplices; molares 10, anterioribus sim- plicibus, posticis duplicibus. Pedes pentadactyli; posticorum pollice inermi. Corpus pilosum. PHASCOLOMIS. betrogo GENERIC CHARACTER. Jaws with two simple incisive, and ten grinding teeth; the anterior grinders simple, all the hinder ones double. Legs with five fingers ; thumbs of the hinder ones without claws. Body hairy. All the Phascolomes are natives of New Holland, and, like several of the other animals of that country, have a pouch for their mammæ. P 102 Tab. XCVI. PHASCOLOMIS VOMBATUS. P. pallidé fulvescente-brunneus; naso obscuriore; ungui- bus elongatis. Wombach. Bewich, Gen. Hist. of Quadrup. ed. 4, p. 522. Habitat in Australasia. og og lyfoshning abot WOMBAT PHASCOLOMIS. Pale fulvescent-brown; nose darker ; claws elongated. Inhabits New Holland. For an account of the anatomical structure of the Wom- bat Phascolomis, see Philosophical Transactions for 1808. It is named Wombat, or Wombach, by the natives of New South Wales, who kill it for food ; its flesh being considered very delicate. The usual length of this animal is about two feet, exclu- sive of the tail. vuosilloin jo od ed 95 2 ?ст? Столчетче 2. Pictoliskied by & Noor Javistock et London. 103 TOJI POGONIUS. 170XAT tai . footer super Character genericus, pag. 45. Chateau In describing the species of this genus in page 47 of this Volume, I remarked, that other species without a sulcated beak might be found; nor have I conjectured falsely. This shews the necessity of being extremely cautious in making use of comparative characters alone, which has often pre- vented the discovery of new species. Badiola montslage bhab ou at more F2 104 TAB. XCVII. POGONIUS VIEILLOTI. P. brunneus; subtus albidus; capite collo gula maculisque pectoralibus coccineis ; remigibus interioribus externé pallido marginatis. Habitat in Africa. radio snemalo bota tootavator bmct ad adgim sad VIEILLOT'S POGONIUS. 2013 mare 9 Brown; whitish beneath; head, neck, throat, and spots on the breast, scarlet ; interior wing-quills externally mar- gined with pale. Inhabits Africa. This new bird has very recently been added to the col- lection in the British Museum. It appears to be a young bird in the state of changing its plumage ; having however characters sufficient to establish it as a distinct species from Pogonias lavirostris. In the more advanced state, the breast is probably entirely scarlet. 38 ypograns to nopeeri l'eaumond se mouwbud www seis alt Iller 97 105 alto on lies PARTHENOPE. CANCER, Linn., &c. PARTHENOPE, Fabricii, Leach. MAJA, Latreille. Edito Joe CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa subtriangulata, tuberosa antice acuminata ; rostrum breve, integrum, obtusum; oculi magni pedunculis bre- vissimis haud crassiores. Antenne exteriores brevissimæ tripartitæ, segmentis duobus primis crassioribus; primo majore; tertio ex articulis alis effecto. 13 Pedipalpi gemini externi cauli interno biarticulato, articulo secundo ad apicem internum truncato-emarginato palpi- gero. Pedes decem ; par anticum crassissimum didactylum, inæ- quale, digitis deflexis ; paria alia simplicia, consimilia ; ungues compressi, lateribus exaratis, apicibus nudis. Abdomen 7-articulatum ; Maris articulo tertio aliis latiore, ultimo elongato-triangulari apice rotundato. PARTHENOPE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell subtriangulate, tuberose, anteriorly acuminated ; ros- trum short, entire, obtuse ; eyes large, not thicker than their peduncles, which are extremely short. Exterior antennæ very short, tripartite, the two first seg - ments thickest, the first largest ; the third segment composed of several small joints. 106 External double palpi with the second joint of their inter- nal footstalk, at its internal apex, truncate-emarginate, palpigerous. Legs ten ; anterior pair very thick, didactyle, unequal, with deflexed fingers; other pairs simple, alike ; claws com- pressed, their sides grooved, the extremities naked. Abdomen seven-jointed ; of the Male, with the third joint broadest; the last elongate-triangular, with its apex rounded. Parthenope is more nearly allied to Eurynome than to any other genus, (see Malacostraca Podophthalma Britan- niæ, Tab. XVII.) ; but it is at once to be distinguished, by its very short antennæ, entire rostrum, and unequal hands. Liebe fromgee bido maidaeoscognos cerchi ymuutenown ७ HUB Wii so 107 TAB. XCVIII. PARTHENOPE HORRIDA. P. testa tuberculis eroso-impressis; pedibus spinosis ; ma- nibus carpisque verrucatis ; abdomine pectoreque ca- riosis. Rump. Rarit. Amb. tab. 9, fig. 1. Petiv. Amb. tab. 1, fig. 7. Cancer longimanus spinosus. Seb. Mus. 3, 48, tab. xix. fig. 16-17 Cancer horridus. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 1047. Parthenope horrida. Fabr. Suppl. Ent. Syst. 353. Maja horrida. Latr. Gen. Crust. et Insect. 1, 37. Parthenope horrida. Leach, Edin). Encycl. vii. 431. Habitat in Oceano Asiatico. HORRID PARTHENOPE. Shell with the tubercles eaten-impressed ; legs spiny; hands and wrists verrucated; abdomen and breast carious. Inhabits the Asiatic ocean. Linné describes this species as having but eight legs, but he has correctly referred to Rumph and Petiver, for the figures quoted above; he also quotes figures of Lithodes maja, given in vol. iii. tab. 18, fig. 10, and in tab. 22, fig. 1, of Seba's Thesaurus; and likewise to tab. 22, fig. 2-3, of the same volume, which represent two views of a species with which I am unacquainted, but which is totally distinct from P. horrida. The first two false references given by Linné, in some measure excuse Pennant for having given Lithodes maja (Cancer maja, Linn.) for the Cancer Horridus of Linné, although he might readily have discovered his error, had he examined the Linnean description, « Thorace obtuse aculeato; cauda cariosa." АТТЯЛО ТОРНТАНАТТУЛ Т Вент опі 109 ...NOITEPLEUROTOMA: Murex, Linné, CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa fusiformis; os inferné canali elongata terminatum ; labium exterius tenue, fissurà profundâ emarginatum. ANIMAL tentaculis duobus acuminatis, ad basin externe oculigeris ; operculum corneum ; pes elongatus. PLEUROTOMA. Shell fusiform; mouth terminated below by an elongate canal ; external lip thin, with a deeply-cut fissure. ANIMAL with two acuminate tentacula, bearing the eyes at their base externally; operculum corneous ; foot elon- gate. The Pleurotomata are marine, and there are many spe. cies, some of which occur in a fossil state. A macho 2027 2022 110 Tab. XCIX. PLEUROTOMA BABYLONICA. P. anfractibus medio carinatis et utrinque marginatis ; cin- gulis e maculis nigris effectis. Turris Babylonica. Rumph. Ratib. Amb. tab. 29, fig. 11. Murex Babylonius. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 1220. Mart. Conch. 4, tab. 143, f. 1331: Pleurotoma Babylonica. Lam. Syst. des Anim. sans Ver- téb. 84. Habitat in Oceano Indico, SPOTTED PLEUROTOMA. Whirls carinated in their middle, on each side margined, with bands composed of black spots. Inhabits the Indian Ocean : it is often sent in collec- tions from Amboina, where it is said to be exceedingly common. у 9 Этанол Croy-cos Pulti təə yaP. peer. 111 MUTILLA. MUTILLA, auctorum. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput magnum ; antennæ capite longiores, filiformes, fron- tales, articulis primo et secundo elongatis ; palpi max- illares maxillis longiores. Abdomen in utroque sexu ovalis, convexum, segmento se- cundo magno. Thorax cubicus; ale cellulis tribus submarginalibus, una marginali. MAres alati, Feminæ apteræ. MUTILLA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head large ; antenne longer than the head, filiform, si- tuated in the front of the head, the first and second joints elongate ; maxillary palpi longer than the max- illæ. Abdomen in both sexes oval, convex, the second segment large. Thorax cubical ; wings with one marginal and three sub- marginal cells. MALES with wings. FEMALES apterous. The insects of this genus have no neuters, nor do they live in societies, as some writers have asserted, Most of the species inhabits the warmer, and some few the more temperate regions. Mutilla Europæa is the only one that inhabits Great Britain, in which country it is far from being a common insect. 112 Tab. C. MUTILLA COCCINEA. M. coccinea; antennis, pectore, ventre, pedibus (abdomi- neque maris basi, foemince fascia medio) atris; alis fusco- nigricantibus. Mutilla coccinea. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 966. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 366, 1. Habitat in America. SCARLET MUTILLA. Scarlet; antennæ, breast, belly, legs (and base of the ab. domen of the male, middle of the abdomen of the fe- male) black; wings fuscous-blackish, Mutilla coccinea is extremely common in some parts of America, especially in Carolina and Georgia, from whence it is frequently sent to Europe in collections. dontodont 1 aucunen Enegrated Publishin. by Retsonen. 113 AVTOH RECURVIROSTRA RECURVIROSTRA, Auctorum. A PLOTUS, Klein. oooooo CHARACTER GENERICUS. aston Rostrum depresso-planum, subulatum, recurvatum, acumi- natum ; nares oblongæ. Pedes elongati tetradactyli; digitis tribus anticis palmatis; postico, brevissimo, a terra elevato. ITO AVOSET. os . Beak depressed-flat, subulate, recurved, acuminate; nostrils oblong. Legs elongate, with four toes; three fore-toes palmate; hinder toe very short, not touching the ground. The avosets inhabit the sea-shore, living on worms of various kinds, which they are said to scoop from the sand with their bill, which, if it were not flexible at its extre- mity, would appear to be well adapted for this purpose. om det som OTOMO 1 Dovanosti od borrodonald R 114 Sp. 1. RECURVIROSTRA AMERICANA. TAB. CI. R. corpore albo nigroque vario, capite, collo pectoreque rufescentibus. Recurvirostra Americana. Gmel. Syst. Nal. 1, 693. Lath. Ind. Orn. 787. Habitat in America Septentrionali. Long. corp. 20 unc. AMERICAN AVOSET. Body varied with black and white; head, neck, and breast, reddish. Inhabits Northern America. It is about twenty inches in length. Pennant and La- tham have named it the American avoset. Sp. 2. RECURVIROSTRA AVOSETTA. R. corpore albo nigroque vario, Recurvirostra ayosetta. Auctorum. Habitat in Europa. Long. corp. 18 unc. COMMON AVOSET. Body varied with black and white. This species, which is named also the scooping avoset, inhabits the shores of Europe, and is found in Great Bri- tain. Length eighteen inches. 101 IN ni Www w WM WC 3. ch 24. Hoween 115 CROCODILUS. CROCODILUS, Cuvier, Dumeril, &c. LACERTA, Linné, &c. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus elongatum, squamis cataphractum ; squamæ dorsi, ventris et caudæ latæ subquadratæ; cauda compressa, supernè carinata, serrata. Dentes serie simplici, conici; lingua carnosa, lata, ori affixa. Pedes quatuor ; antici pentadactyli ; digitis tribus interiori- bus unguiculatis ; postici tetradactyli ; digitis interiori- bus tribus unguiculatis ; ungues omnes subcurvati, acu- minati. GENERIS DIVISIONES. * ALLIGATORES. Dente infero utrinque quarto, in fossam mandibulæ superioris recipiendo, plantis semi-palmatis. ** CROCODILI. Dente infero utrinque quarto, per scissu- ram maxilla superioris transeunte, plantis palmatis, rosa tro oblongo. CROCODILE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body elongate, armed with scales; scales of the belly, back, and tail, broad, subquadrate ; tail compressed, above ca- rinated; the carina serrated. Teeth conic, disposed in a simple series ; tongue broad and fleshy, fixed to the mouth. Legs four; anterior ones with five fingers; the three inte- R2 116 rior fingers with claws; hinder ones with four fingers, the three interior ones with claws; claws slightly curved, acuminated. DIVISIONS OF THE GENUS. * ALLIGATORS. Fourth lower tooth on each side, received into a fovea in the upper jaw; feet semi-palmate. ** Crocodiles. Fourth lower tooth on each side, passing out of the upper jaw by a fissure ; feet palmate; rostrum oblong. The divisions of this genus into Alligators, Crocodiles, and Gavials, have long been used in common language, and they have been adopted and characterised by the cele- brated G. Cuvier, who has written an excellent monograph on the existing species, in the tenth volume of the Annales de Muséum, from which I have extracted the characters given by that learned anatomist. The Alligators or Caimars, have their head less oblong que than the crocodiles ; their teeth are unequal; the shanks of their hinder legs are never crested. The length of the head of the Crocodiles, (properly so called), is double the breadth, or more. Their teeth are unequal, and their hinder shanks have externally a den- tated crest. The Gavials are distinguished from both divisions of this genus, by having nearly equal-sized teeth, and a very long and cylindric rostrum. Монгол улсын налгар уут, і я не могли да го 0. 117 CROCODILUS * CUVIERI. TAB. CII. و C. rostro depresso, scutis nuchæ sex ; scutis duobus mediis majoribus, distantioribus, posticis minoribus approxima- tioribus; dorso medio lineis octo scutarum; lineis dua- bus mediis approximatis ab aliis remotioribus. Habitat in Insula Dauphine in America Australi. Mus. Britann. CUVIERIAN ALLIGATOR. Rostrum depressed; scales of the neck six ; the two middle ones largest, and more distant from each other; hinder ones smaller, more approximate; middle of the back with eight lines of scales; the two middle lines nearer to each other, and distant from the others. This species was killed by Major De Bathe, of the 85th Regiment, on Dauphine Island, in South America, and was by him presented to the British Museum. It differs from Cuvier's North-American Crocodilus lucius (caïman à museau de brochet), to which it makes the near- est approach, by having six neck-scales, the two larger of which are more posterior, and not anterior, as given in his figure ; likewise in the proportional distance of the lines of scales that run down the back, which are of an equal distance in Cuvier's species; whilst, in the present one, the two middle lines are at a distance from the others, and are near to each other. 118 These two differences have induced me to consider it distinct; and I have given it a name after that natura- list, who has been most successful in ascertaining and in characterising the species. Length seven feet four inches. 119 THIA. THIA, Leach. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa subcircularis posticè truncata ; orbita integra; oculi minimi vix prominuli; antennze exteriores corpore lon- giores utrinque ciliatæ ; segmento tertio ex articulis elongatis cylindricis effectis ; pedipalpi gemini externi cauli interno biarticulato; articulo secundo primo multò breviore, ad apicem internum truncato-subemarginato. Pedes decem ; par anticum majus, æquale, didactylum ; di- gitis deflexis ; paria alia tarsis tibiis duplò brevioribus ; unguibus acutis, flexuosis longitudinaliter sulcatis. Abdomen Maris 5 -articulatum, articulo primo transverso, arcuato, lineari ; secundo paululum longiore anticè ar- cuato-subproducto; tertio valdè elongato apicem versus paululum angustiore, apice subemarginato ; quarto sub- quadrato, apice subemarginato ; quinto triangulari. THIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell subcircular, truncate behind ; orbit entire; eyes very small, scarcely prominent; external antenne longer than the body, on each side ciliated; third segment com- posed of elongate, cylindric joints; external double palpes with their internal footstalk biarticulate; the second joint much shorter than the first, its internal apex trun. cate-subemarginate. Legs ten ; anterior pair largest, didactyle, equal in size, with its fingers deflexed ; other legs with their tarsi half the length of the tibiæ; claws sharp, flexuose, longitu- dinally sulcated. 120 Abdomen of the Male five-jointed, the first joint trans- verse, arcuate, linear; the second a little longer, anteri- orly arcuate-produced ; third very much elongated, to- wards the apex a little narrower, the point subemargi- nate; fourth subquadrate, the point subemarginate; fifth triangular. THIA POLITA. TAB. CIII. T. testa convexa polita sparsè punctata ; orbita posticè emarginata ; lateribus utrinque obscurè quadriplicatis; fronte integra arcuata. Cancer residuus. Herbst, iii. 53, tab. 48, fig. 1.? Thia polita. Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 312. Habitat - POLISHED THIA. Shell convex, polished, sprinkled with punctures; orbit be- hind emarginate; the sides obscurely four-folded ; front entire, arcuated. This animal, unless it be cancer residuus of Herbst, ap- pears to be a new species. As a genus, This is very interesting; it forms one of three genera forming a natural group, which probably be- gins that order of Podophthalmous Malacostraca, to which it belongs. 103 Стелиа салу емле калів 2 бр ба нати. .. 121 ATACLITHON. TO VIDAD CLITHON, De Montfort. NERITA, Linné, &C. Somotori Urceus, Klein.nl nipildo shtabi ko CHARACTER GENERICUS. cabinaudo Testa libera, univalvis; spira regularis, depressa; umbilicus nullus; os subrotundatum ; columella acuta, subdentata aut dentata ; labium exterius tenue. ANIMAL fluviatile ; capite subrostrato; tentaculis duobus, oculis ad illorum basin externè. و be Picha : CLITHON. . . Shell free, univalve; spire regular, depressed ; umbilicus none; mouth subrounded; pillar sharp, subdentate or dentate ; external lip thin. ANIMAL with its head subrostrated, with two tentacules bearing eyes at their base externally. The genus Clithon differs from Theodoxis, (the type of which is the Nerita fluviatilis of Linné), in having its co- lumella with teeth. Some species of Clithon are armed with spines, others again are perfectly simple. The exact form of the tenta- cules of the Clithones has not been ascertained. It is pro- bable, judging by analogy, that the tentacules of the spined, and of the simple species, will be found to be dif- ferent. S 122 CLITHON CORONATA. TAB. CIV. C. nigra; anfracto primo supernè spinis elongatis subseta- ceis; epidermide obliquè in lineis elevata : columella obtusè unidentata. Habitat CROWNED CLITHON. Black; first whirl above, with elongate, subsetaceous spines; epidermis obliquely elevated into lines; pillar obtusely unidentate. The locality of this species is not known: it is certainly distinct from the Clithon, corona of De Montfort. to prati gus faozavade eest .... 704 128 27 CERAMBYX. 35 CERAMBYX, auctorum. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Caput nutans; antenne setaceæ, (maris præsertim) longis, simæ, in oculorum sinu insertæ ; palpi articulo ultimo obconico, compresso; labrum distinctum. Thorax sæpius spinosus vel lateribus inæqualibus. CAPRICORN. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head nodding; antenne setaceous, (especially of the male), very long, inserted in a notch of the eyes; palpi with their last joint obconic, compressed ; labrum distinct. Thorax generally spinous, or with unequal sides. The larvæ of cerambyces inhabit the trunks of trees, which they perforate, so as to cause their total destruction, 124 ing CERAMBYX VIRENS. TAB. CV. MARIO C. thorace rotundato transversim acuducto; lateribus uni- spinosis, corpore viridi, pedibus nigris ; plantis testa- ceis ; femoribus ventreque rufis. Cerambyx virens. Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 627. oiado budi lep Fabr. Syst . Eleut. 2, 267. iza narod Var. ß. Thorace elytrisque violescentibus, Habitat in America. OUTAO GREEN CAPRICORN. Colom sa to Thorax rounded, transversely striated as if with a needle ; the sides with one spine, body green, legs black; plantæ testaceous ; thighs and belly rufous. 2 yilson This beautiful insect inhabits America, where it is a very common species. The larva is said to inhabit the trunks of Amyris Balsamifera. The perfect insect is subject to great variation, being sometimes found of a fine violet, with every possible shade between it and green, which is the most common colour. 105 Dramm Egegrenzus Peteiras, Copy Tevistock. Se Son 125 DACELO. ALCEDO, Latham, Gmelin. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum crassum tetragono-conicum, fauce ad oculos hi- ante; mandibula superior longior, apicem versus utrin- que latè emarginata ; nares oblongæ. Cauda mediocris ; rectricibus duodecim subæqualibus, ex- teriore utrinque subbreviore. Pedes tetradactyli; digitis tribus anticis, interiore minore, exterioribus duobus basi connexis, uno postico: unques curvati. GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak thick, four-sided-conic; the mouth gaping to the eyes; upper mandible longest, towards its point on each side broadly notched ; nostrils oblong. Tail moderately long ; composed of twelve nearly equal quills; the exterior quill on each side rather shorter than the rest. Legs with four toes; three anterior, the interior smallest, the two exterior connected at their base, one posterior: claws curved. The birds of this genus inhabit woods at a distance from any water. Their food is unknown. T 126 DACELO GIGANTEA. TAB. CVI. D. corpore olivaceo-fusco, subtus albido, caudâ ferrugineo nigroque fasciatâ ; apice albâ, mandibulâ superiore ni- gricante ; inferiore albidâ basi nigricante. Mas, capite subcristato: cristâ fuscâ, pedibus flavis, ventre nigricante fasciato. Foemina, vertice fusco haud cristato, pedibus fuscis. Alcedo gigantea. Lath. Ind. Orn. 246. Alcedo fusca. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 454. Habitat in Nova Hollandiâ. GIGANTIC DACELO. Body olive-brown, beneath whitish; tail banded with black and ferruginous, the tip white; upper mandible blackish, under one whitish with a blackish base. Male, with its head slightly crested, the crest fuscous ; legs yellow; belly banded with blackish. Female, with the crown of the head-brown, without a crest ; legs brown. Inhabits New Holland, where it is a very common bird. It is known by the appellation of Gigantic, or Great brown Kingsfisher. 106 மறம் கறு . Immon Engrave) Purbalished by R. Prow Penstock Layed on 127 TOMIGERES: TOMIGERES, De Montfort. HELIX, Linn. &c. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa univalvis, libera ; spira regularis, depressa ; umbilicus nullus; os integrum, rotundatum, dentatum, dorsale ; labium incrassatum, subperfectum. ANIMAL TOMIGER. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell univalve, free; spire regular, depressed; umbilicus none; mouth entire, rounded, toothed, dorsal ; lip thick- ened, nearly perfect. ANIMAL unknown. The singular position of the mouth, will distinguish this genus from all others that are yet discovered. The tomigers inhabit the land, but the animal has not yet been described by authors. 128 TOMIGERES RINGENS. TAB. CVII. T. testà albidâ ferrugineo-maculatâ maculis elongatis sæpè confluentibus, ore multidentato: dentibus inæqualibus. Helix ringens. Linné, &c. Tomigeres ringens. De Mont. Conchyl. Syst. 2, 359. GRINNING TOMIGER. Shell whitish, spotted with ferruginous, the spots often run- ning together ; mouth multidentate, the teeth unequal. The mouth varies extremely in the number and propor- tion of the teeth; the internal lip has generally two teeth, rarely three ; the exterior lip has from three to five teeth, which are always of very unequal sizes. 107 Brann Engraved as published by RP Nodder, Tavistock st 129 LIBINIA. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa subcircularis spinosa densè villosa, anticè gradatìm in rostruin integrum producta; oculi pedunculo vix sub- crassiores ; orbita fissurâ nullâ distinctå. Antenne rostri longitudine, articulo primo secundo lon- giore ; articulo tertio tenuissimo. Pedipalpi gemini externi cauli interno, articulo secundo ad apicem internum abruptè et profundè emarginato, latere- que interno ad basin emarginato pro articuli primi pro- cessûs apicalis insertione. Pedes 10; par anticum didactylum reliquis haud multo crassius : paria alia mediocria haud longissima, LIBINIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell subcircular, spiny, thickly set with down, anteriorly gradually produced into an entire rostrum; eyes scarcely thicker than their peduncles ; orbit with no distinct fis- sure. Antenne as long as the rostrum, the first joint longer than the second ; the third very slender. . External double palpes with the second joint of their inter- nal footstalk abruptly and deeply notched, and with its interior side towards the base notched, to receive the second joint. Legs ten ; anterior pair didactyle, not much thicker than the others, which are moderate in size, and not very long 150 LIBINIA EMARGINATA. TAB. CVIII. L. rostro apice emarginato, testá lateribus utrinque sex- spinosis. Habitat Mus. Brit. NOTCHED LIBINIA. Beak with its apex notched, shell on each side with six spines. The locality of this species, which is the only one of the genus that has yet been observed, is unknown. There is a very fine specimen preserved in the British Museum. 108 W-wan@greve nuk ka Red. by Ron Vader Yovides ** Burbem. 131 EPEIRA. Epeira, Walckanäer, Latreille, Leach. ARANEA, auclorum, CHARACTER GENERICUS. Thorax inversè elongato-subcordatus, anticè late truncatus: oculi octo; quatuor mediis in tuberculum abruptum im- positis quadratum efformantibus ; duobus anticis majori- bus, remotioribus; lateralibus duobus utrinque subgemi- natis in tuberculum obliqué impositis : pedes mediocres, hispidi, femoribus subrobustis ; primi, secundi deinde, quarti postea longiores; tertii breviores : ungues exserti. Abdomen subglobosum, magnum, thorace multo latiús. Maxillæ subcirculares, interne membranaceæ. Labium semicirculare, breve, apice membranaceum. EPEIRA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Thorax inversely elongate-subcordate, anteriorly broadly truncate : eyes eight; the four middle ones placed on an abrupt tubercle, and arranged in the form of a qua- drangle ; the two anterior eyes of this group largest, and more distant; the two lateral eyes subgeminated, set. obliquely on a tubercle: legs moderate, hairy, the thighs rather thick ; the first pair, then the second longest ; the third pair shortest: claws exserted. Abdomen subglobose, large, much broader than the thorax. Maxilla subcircular, internally membranaceous. Lip semicircular, short, the apex membranaceous. 132 The genus Epëira of Latreille I have divided into several good genera ; the species of that genus, which retains the name, are very numerous: one of the most common of the British ones is Epë ira diadema (aranea diadema, Linn.), the Diadem or Sceptre Spider. EPEIRA GIGAS. TAB. CIX. E. thorace nigro disco margineque ferrugineis, palpis pe- dibusque rufescentibus nigro annulatis, abdomine albido : medio lineis duabus angulatis postice convergentibus brunneis. Habitat Mus. Britan. Macleay. GIGANTIC EPEIRA. Thorax black, with the margin and centre ferruginous; palpi and legs reddish, annulated with black; abdomen whitish, the middle with two brown angulated lines converging behind. I suspect this gigantic epëira to be a native of North America. There are fine specimens in the British Museum, and in the collection of Macleay. 100 24 คน - Engman riela Til Els 4 na lip RP 15302 Tarstocks, 133 NEPHILA ARANEA, Fabricii. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Thorax elongato-quadratus, anticè abruptè angustior, pos- tice emarginatus: oculi octo; quatuor mediis in elevatio- nem sensim efformatam impositis ; duobus anticis sub- majoribus ; lateralibus duobus utrinque subgeminatis, in tuberculum subobliqué impositis: pedes elongati, graci- les, subpilosuli; primi, secundi deinde, quarti postea lon- giores; tertii multo breviores ; ungues exserti. Abdomen valde elongatum, thorace haud aut vix latiùs. Maxillæ elongatæ, basi angustatæ, apice truncatæ. Labium elongatum basi subangustius, apice abruptè sub- acuminatum. NEPHILA. Thorax elongate-quadrate, anteriorly abruptly narrower, behind notched : eyes eight; the four middle ones placed on a gradually-formed elevation; the two anterior ones rather largest ; lateral eyes on each side two, subgemi. nated, placed rather obliquely on a tubercle: legs elon- gate, slender, rather hairy; the first, then the second pair longest ; the third pair by much the shortest : claws exserted. Abdomen very elongate, scarcely thicker than the thorax. Maxillæ elongate, narrower at their base, their apex trun- cate. Lip elongate, its base rather narrower, the apex abruptly subacuminate. U 134 NEPHILA MACULATA. TAB. CX. N. nigricans, thorace fusco-ferrugineo, coxis palpisque basi croceo-luteis, abdomine luteo ventre lateribusque infuscatis : hôc lineis illô maculis albis. Aranea Maculata. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2. 425. Donov. Insect. of Chinas todos Habitat in Sina. holde SPOTTED NEPHILA. Blackish; thorax fuscous-ferruginous ; coxæ and base of the palpi croceous-luteous; abdomen luteous; the belly and sides brown, the latter with lines, the former with spots of a white colour. This beautiful Nephila is a native of China, from whence it is often sent in a broken state. Drunn Ergmarved published lang eP Nószer Tammistecte Pr London 135 2012 ORNITHORYNCHUS. . ORNITHORYNCHUS, auctorum. PLATYPUS, Shaw. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Corpus pilis obtectum, anticè rostro anatino, lato, depresso terminatum : pedes quatuor, pentadactyli, palmati; antici membranâ palmatâ digitis longiore, unguibus rectis; pos- tici unguibus acutis, curvatis, membranam palmatam ultra productis. Os molaribus simplicibus instructum. Obs. Mammæ nullæ ; labia carnosa nulla; palatum cor- neum ; meatus auditorius externus nullus ; pedes postici MARIS calce valido instructi. ORNITHORYNCHUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body covered with hairs, anteriorly terminated by a broad, depressed, duck-like beak: legs four, pentadactyle, pal- mated ; anterior legs with the palmated membrane projecting beyond the claws, which are straight; hinder legs with acute, curved claws, produced beyond the pal- mate membrane. Mouth with simple grinding teeth. Obs. Mammæ none; fleshy lips none; palate horny; ex- ternal ear-passage none; kinder legs of the MALE with a strong spur. The hair is compressed, and clavate at its extremity. X 136 Sp. 1. ORNITHORYNCHUS FUSCUS. TAB. CXI. O. rostro pedibusque nigris, unguibus anticis linearibus obtusis, corpore fusco. Ornithorynchus fuscus. Peron Voyage aux Terr. Aust, pl. xxxiv. fig. 1. Habitat in Australasia, BROWN ORNITHORYNCHUS. Beak and legs black, anterior claws linear obtuse, body brown. Inhabits New Holland. Sp. 2. ORNITHORYNCHUS RUFUS. O. pallidè rufus: unguibus anticis acuminatis acutis. Habitat in Australasia. REDDISH ORNITHORYNCHUS. Pale reddish : anterior claws acuminate, acute. Inhabits New Holland. This species differs from O. rufus not only in colour, but in having the beak narrower, the nostrils more terminal, the anterior claws acuminate, and in the form of the hair of the anterior part of the body, which has a much longer club at its extremity, 27 บน CusersP6844664 82.Juste( สิน 137 CANCROMA. CANCROMA, Linné, Gmel., Lath., &c. COCHLEARIUS, Brisson. GALLINULA, Ray. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum gibbosum, latissimum : mandibula superior resupi- natè cymbæformis; supra carinata ; carinâ utrinque ca- naliculata, canali narifero, apice adunca : mandibula in- ferior plana; apice abrupte acuminata. Pedes elongati, tetradactyli; digitis tribus anticis basi pal- matis; uno postico. BOATBILL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak gibbous, very broad : upper mandible boat-shaped ; above keeled; the keel on each side channelled, the channels bearing the nostrils : under mandible flat; the apex abruptly acuminated. Legs with four toes; three toes before with their bases webbed; one behind. There are several species of this genus, or several varie- ties of one species, all of which inhabit South America. 138 CANCROMA VULGARIS. TAB. CXII. C. cinerascens, cristâ verticeque pernigris, dorso ventreque subferrugineis, gula pectoreque sordidè albidis, pedibus mandibulâque superiore nigris ; inferiore testaceâ. Cochlearius. Brisson 5, 506, 1. Cancroma cochlearia. Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 233. Lath. Ind. Orn. 671. Habitat in America Australi. COMMON BOATBILL. Ash-coloured, crest and crown very black, back and belly subferruginous, throat and breast dirty white, legs and upper mandible black, under mandible testaceous. Inhabits Southern America ; feeds on fishes, vermes, and crustacea, in quest of which it is continually traversing the borders of the sea. 112 DrawnEngraved Published by R?. Nodder Tavistock st London 189 PHAETON. PHAETON, auctorum. LEPTURUS, Brisson. PLANCUS, Klein. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Rostrum cultratum, compressum, acuminatum ; fauce pone rostrum hiante : nares oblongæ. Cauda cuneiformis ; rectricibus duabus intermediis longis- simis. Pedes tetradactyli, palmati; digitis omnibus connexis. TROPIC-BIRD. Beak knife-shaped, compressed, acuminate; the mouth gaping behind the beak : nostrils oblong. Tail wedge-shaped; the two intermediate quills very long. Legs with four toes, palmated ; all the toes connected. The tropic-birds inhabit the ocean about the tropics, living on fishes. They never approach the shore excepting in the breeding season, or when compelled to do so by long and continued storms. 140 PHAETON ÆTHEREUS. TAB. CXIII. P. albus ; dorso, uropygio tectricibusque alarum minoribus nigro-striatis, rectricum scapis basi fasciaque supra- oculari nigris, rostro rufescente. Phaeton æthereus, auctorum. Habitat in Pelago inter Tropicos. ETHEREAL TROPIC-BIRD. White ; back, and lesser wing-coverts striated with black, base of the quills of the tail, and a mark above the eye black; beak reddish. This Phaeton is the species so often mentioned by voy- agers, under the general name of tropic-bird. It is rarely seen in collections of birds. pengantin ), An Na Swanstock Bose 141 PERNA. PERNA, Lamarck, &c. OSTREA, Linné. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa bivalvis, compressa ; cardo transversim aut obliquè sulcatus; sulcis linearibus, parallelis; ligamentum elas- ticum. ANIMAL byssoferum. PERNA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell bivalve, compressed ; hinge transversely or obliquely sulcated ; grooves linear, parallel ; ligament elastic. ANIMAL furnished with a beard. The Pernæ inhabit the sea ; they adhere to different bo- dies by their beard : of their natural history nothing is known. They are sometimes named grate-shells, and some species occur in a fossil state. 142 PERNA TRANQUEBARENSIS. . Se TAB. CXIV. P. testa elongata, atro-purpurascente, uni-alata ; apice mar- gineque internè nigricantibus. Habitat in mari apud Tranquebar. TRANQUEBAR PERNA. Shell elongate, black purplish, with one wing; apex and margin internally blackish. This species inhabits the sea about Tranquebar. It is certainly distinct from any of the described species. 143 CICINDELÀ. CICINDELA, auctorum. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Palpi sex ; maxillares quatuor; interiores biarticulati; ex- teriores labialibus longiores; labiales duo, articulis duo- bus basilaribus brevissimis; maxillæ ungula terminatæ ; mandibule valdè dentatæ ; antennce filiformes. Thorax brevis, cylindricus; abdomen elongato-quadratum posticè rotundatum ; elytra plana; ale perfectæ, elon- gatæ. Pedes cursorii; tarsi 5 -articulati. CICINDELA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Palpi six ; maxillary four; interior biarticulate; exterior longer than the fabial ; labial, their two first joints very short; maxillæ terminated by a little hook; mandibles very much toothed ; antennæ filiform. Thorax short, cylindric; abdomen elongate-quadrate, round- ed behind; elytra flat; wings perfect, elongate. Legs formed for running; tarsi five-jointed. The Cicindeld, commonly named sparklers, are found in the cold as well as the warmer regions of the world ; they inhabit dry sandy places, living on other insects. They run with great quickness, and fly with ease and ra- pidity. Four species inhabit Great Britain-1. C. Sylvatican, 2. Hybrida, 3. Campestris, (which is the most common), and 4. Germanica. Y 144 ÇICINDELA QUADRILINEATA. TAB. CXV. C. viridi-ænea, elytris, obscuris: margine lineaque media: albis. Cicindela quadrilineata. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, 175. Syst. Eleut. 1, 239. Oliv. Insect. 23, tab. 1, fig. 4. Habitat in India. FOUR-LINED CICINDELA. Green-bronze, elytra obscure; margins and a middle line white. Inhabits India. In the annexed plate Cicindela quadrilineata is repre. sented of the natural size, as well as magnified. 115 Drearn Portra 9ь Рейка, с плуба улица Гос. Раде. 116 Grgrawed a Published by RP Norder. Turistock stalondon 145 POGONIUS STEPHENSII. TAB. CXVI. P. niger; macula superciliari, dorso maculis, rectricibus remigibusque internis margine flavis, collo utrinque ven- treque albidis, vertice coccineo, pedibus brunneis. Barbu du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Pl. Eul. 688, fig. 1. Bucco niger ß. Lath. Ind. Orn. i. 204, 8. Bucco rufifrous. Stephen's Gen. Zool. ix. 31. Mus. Hist. Nat. Gal. et Dom. Dufresne. Habitat ad Promentorium Bonæ Spei. STEPHENS'S POGONIUS. Black; streak over each eye, spots on the back, margins of the tail, and wing-quills yellow; neck on each side, and belly on each side whitish ;) crown scarlet; legs brown. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope, This Pogonius I have named after my friend J. F. Ste- phens, Esq. from whom naturalists may expect the conti- nuation of the ornithological part of the General Zoology, one volume of which will shortly appear under his direca. tion. 146 POGONIUS LEVAILLANTII. TAB. CXVII. P. niger ; collo rostroque brunneis, vertice coccineo, gula jugulo pectore anoque albidis, ventre fulvescente, Habitat in Africa. LEVAILLANT'S POGONIUS. Black; neck and beak brown ; crown scarlet; throat, breast, under part of the neck, and vent whitish. The figure of this species is copied from a drawing made by Le Vaillant. It inhabits Africa, and is very rare. Engraved as Published by Rim Norden. Javistock sol London 147 PODOPHTHALMUS. PODOPHTHALMUS, Lamarck, Latreille, Leach. PORTUNUS, Fabricii. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa transversissima, lateribus utrinque spina longissima terminatis. Oculi magni, oblongi, ovati pedunculo crassiores : pedun- culus ad testæ latera antica attingens ; articulus primus longissimus secundo tenuior. Antennce exteriores sub oculos insertæ. Pedipalpi externi cauli interno articulo secundo ad apicem, internum valdè truncato, palpigero : palpi caulis longi. tudine ; articulis longitudine subæqualibus. Pedes 10 : ordine 1, 3, 2, 4, 5; 2 et 4 subæqualibus: par anticum æquale, didactylum ; brachiis anticè spinosis : par quintum tibiis, tarsis unguibusque compressis, nata- toriis. Abdomen MARIS 5-articulatum; FEMINÆ 7-articulatum. PODOPHTHALMUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell very broad, the sides on each side terminated by a long spine. Eyes large, oblong, ovate, thicker than their peduncles : peduncle reaching to the anterior angles of the shell; the first joint very long, more slender than the second. Exterior antennae inserted under the eyes. Z 2 148 External pedipalpes with the second joint of their interior footstalk very much truncated at their internal point, on which the palpes are inserted : palpes as long as their footstalk; the joints of nearly equal length. LOGO Legs ten: in order 1, 3, 2, 4, 5; 2 and 4 subequal; an- terior pair equal, didactyle; arms anteriorly spinous ; hinder pair with compressed tibiæ, tarsi, and claws. Abdomen of the MALE 5; of the FEMALE 7-jointed. - In the PORTUNI, PORTUMNI, and LUPÆ (genera, which with Podophthalmus, form a natural group), the first joint of the peduncle of the eyes is extremely short: by this character alone, therefore, they may easily be distinguished from the above genus, with which, in many other charac- ters, they agree. Toto: 20 engroued u Published, by R.? Noen Juwistock 8+ Lord om. 149 PODOPHTHALMUS VIGIL. TAB. CXVIII. P. testa spinâ laterali autrorsum spectante acutissima, basi posticè unispinosâ; acutissimâ autrorsum spectante, bra- chiis antice trispinosis, posticè corpisque bispinosis, ma- nibus apice basique unispinosis. Portunus Vigil. Fabr. Suppl. Ent. Syst. Podophthalmus spinosus. Lam. Syst. des Anim. sans Vert. Lat. Gen. des Crust, et des Insect. i. Leach, Edinb. Encycl. vii. Habitat in Indiæ occidentalis mari. COMMON PODOPHTHALMUS. Shell with the lateral spines very sharp, turning forward, the base behind with one very acute spine, turning forward ; arms before, with three spines, behind with two spines ; wrists with two spines; hands with one spine at their base, and another at their apex. The female specimen figured on the adjoining plate, was brought by Mr. Mathieu from the Isle of France, where it is not an uncommon species. The arms of the male are longer In the extensive museum of organic remains collected by M. Defrance, there is a fossil species of this genus, which is a male; it differs from P. vigil, in having the shell more distinctly notched behind, the abdomen narrower, and the lateral spine of the shell behind the orbit short and rounded, 150 instead of acute. In other respects they agree, as far at least as can be determined from the examination of a mu- tilated specimen. Its locality is unknown, I have named it P. Defrancii. 151 IBACUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS. Testa latior quam longa, subdepressa, utrinque profundis. simè incisa: oculi in margine anteriore inserti: peduncu- lus crassus, recurvus, apicem versus acuminatus." Pedipalpi externi articulis duobus primis externè cristatis: articulo secundo internè multò-fisso : flagrum triparti- tum; segmento ultimo multi-articulato. Pedes decem, breves : paria duo antica aliis abruptè cras- siora : par quintum didactylum ; pollice abbreviato. Cauda pentaphylla ; lamellis membranaceis, basi crustaceis, Antenne interiores 3-articulatæ, setis duabus articulatis ter- minatæ. exteriores squamiformes, 4-articulatæ. IBACUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell broader than long, subdepressed, on each side very deeply fissured; eyes inserted at the anterior margin; peduncle thick, recurved, acuminated towards its extre- mity. External pedipalpes with the two first joints externally crested ; second joint internally, with many fissures : flagrum tripartite; the last segment many-jointed. Legs ten, short; two anterior pair abruptly thicker than the others ; fifth pair pair didactyle ; thumb short. Tail with five membranaceous lamellæ, which are crusta- ceous at their base. 152 Interior antenne three-jointed, terminated by two many- jointed setæ : external antenne squamiform, four-jointed. IBACUS is one of four distinct genera that have been confounded under the general appellation SCYLLARUS. The order of the thighs, according to their length, is 2, 3, 4, 1, and 5. IBACUS PERONII. TAB. CXIX. 1. testa utrinque pone fissuram 5-dentata, pedipalpis exter- nis articulo secundo crista dentata. Scyllarus incisus. Peron, Mus. Hist. Nat. Galic, Habitat in Australasiæ mari. PERON’S IBACUS. Shell on each side behind the fissure with five teeth; exte, rior pedipalpes with their crest dentated. The only specimen of this species that I have seen, is preserved in the collection of the Jardin des Plantes, where it was deposited by Peron, who brought it from New Hol- lands 119 ил Engraved Publisfied, Cy RP. Neader. Javistock S5 153 TABULIMUS. CHARACTER GENERICUS, Tom I. page 67. BULIMUS. GENERIC CHARACTER, Vol. I. page 67. Aa 154 PI BULIMUS DUFRESNII. TAB. CXX. B. subviolascente-castaneus; anfractu basilari fascià e lineis duabus albis lineâque castaneâ confectå. Habitat in Australasia. Mus. Dom. Dufresne. DUFRESNE'S BULIMUS. Shell chesnut, slightly inclining to violet; the basal whirl with a band composed of one chesnut and two white lines. This new species I have named after M. Dufresne, in whose collection (which is ever open for the use of natu- ralists) it occurs. Inhabits New Holland. 1 20 Cagouver as Published by the wooder, Footus coele Si Londote. INDEX SYSTEMATICUS. Pag. Tab. Typus VERTEBROSA, Classis Pisces. Classis Mammalia, 7 Pag. Tab. 101 102 96 Lepidopus Lusitanicus Phascolomys Vombatus 7 62 Classis Monstremata. Ornithorhynchus ... 135 Fuscus (136111 Rufus 136 89 90 91 127 128 107 - Echidna Histrix OOO ... Classis Ates. Typus MOLLUSCA. Classis Gasteropoda. Tomigeres Ringens Bulimus Dufresnii Clithon Coronata Pleurotoma Babylonica Classis Acephala. Perna .. Tanquebarensis Modiola Americana Papuana Gibbsii Prideaux Discrepans Incurvata 1201120 121 122|104 109 110 99 .. . .. 141 142114 31 321 72 33 34 72 35 36 361 72 @ . . . . . . e. © .. Rae Corvus Streperus Rhamphastos Aracari Pogonius Sulcirostris Lævirostris Vielloti .. Levaillantii Stephensii. Dacelo Gigantea Turdus Nitens Phasianus Indicus Torquatus Cancroma Vulgaris Recurvirostra Americana Avosetta Phäeton ... Æthereus Crocodilus Lucius 77 78 86 65 66) 81 45 461 76 471 77 104) 97 146117 145 116 125 126 106 29 301 71 5 61 61 13 66 137 138/112 113 114|101 114 139 140113 115 171102 Typus. ANNULOSA, Classis Crustacea. a. Limulus Sowerbii... Thia Polita Podophthalmus Vigil Homola Spinifrons Parthenope 71 72 84 119 120 103 147 149|118 81 82 88 1105 o 6 .. ... . INDEX SYSTEMATICUS. .... . Cerambyx virens Actias Luna Selene Nemopteryx Lusitanica Africana Panorpa communis affinis Scorpio Petalura Gigantea Mutilla coccinea Pag., Tal. 124 105 25 26 70 26 73 74 85 74 85 97 981 94 981 94 99 94 95 96 95 11 11121110 . ... Classis Vermes. Pontobdella 9 Pay | Tab. Parthenope 105 Horrida Pisa .... 49 Nodipes 50 78 Lissa 69 Chiragra.. 70 83 Libinia 129 Emarginata ... |130108 Doclea 41 Rissonii.. 4274 Egeria .. 39 Indica. 40 73 Macropoda 17 Phalangium 18 Leptopodia 15 Sagittaria 16 67 Pactolus 19 Boscii 201 63 Ibacus 151 119 Peronii 152|119 Palamon 91 Carcinus 92 92 Atylus 21 Carinatus 22 69 Dexamine 23 Spinosa Classis Arachnides. Epëira .. 131 Gigas 132109 Nephila 133 Maculata 134110 Classis Insecta. this Cicindela .... 143 Quadrilineata .. |145 115 Calosoma Scrutator 93 93 Sycophanta 94 Necrophorus 85 Americanus 85 90 Medianus 8690 Necrodes 93 e .. areolata ... verrucata 101 63 11 04 121 65 spinulosa Typus RADIATA vel ZOOPHYTA. 87 Littoralis 88 Anoplognathus 43 Viridi-æneus! 441 75 Viridi-tarsis 44 75 Macropus 83 Pictus 84 89 Cerambyx 1231 Classis Echinodermaia. Gorgonecephalus 51 Caput Medusæ51 Ophiura 53 Linckii 531 79 Granulata 54 Vulgaris ..... 54 Violascens 55 Ammothea 551 79 Flemingii 56 Brachiata 57 Elegans 57 Arenosa ..... 58 Brachycantha 58 Alecto 61 Horrida .. 61 80 Europæa 62 carinata 63 Spatangus 63 Australasia 681 82 IIIIIIIIIIIIIII Genus incertæ sedis. Aciona Scalaris 79 801 87 . GENERAL INDEX, IN LATIN AND ENGLISH. ... Actias .. common moon ... Alecto ... o ... Platel Page Aciona 79 scalaris 87 80 25 luna 70 26 lunar 70 26 26 selene 26 Alcedo furca, Gmel. .. 126 126 gigantea, Lath. 106 126 Alecto ... 61 carinata 63 Europæa 62 horrida SO 61 61 carinated 63 Europæan 62 horrid 801 61 Aligator Cuvierian ... 102 117 Anoplognathus 43 viridi- 1,75 44 viridi- tarsis Anoplognathus 43 green- 1,75 44 brassy green- footed ..... Aranea diadema, Linné 132 maculata, Fabr. 110 134 Asterias Decacnemos, 80 62 Penn. Atyla 21 carinated 79 22 Atylus ... Plate) Page Avoset 114 American 101 114 common 114 Boat-bill 137 112138 Bucco dubius, a, Lath. 76 46 Bulimus Dufresnii 1201 154 Calosoma 93 scrutator 93 aneus 2,75 44 21 - carinatus 791 22 93 sycophanta .. 94 Calosoma 93 searcher ... 93 63 sycophant 94 Cancroma 137 cochlearia, 1121 138 Linné ... vulgaris 112 138 Cancer carcinus, Linné 92 92 chiragra, Lin. 83 70 horridus, Lin. 98 107 Jammaicensis, 2 Herbst. 92 92 Phalangium, 1 18 Репп. . residuus? Herbst. 1031 120 sagittarius, 67. 16 Herbst. spinosus, Mont. 24 Capricorn 123 green .. 105 123 Carabus sycophanta 9 Cerambyx 123 longimanus, 2 89 84 Linné virens 105 123 Cicindela ,.. 6. 2,75 44 Asterias Decachemos, e GENERAL INDEX. a 62 67 .. 60 . Plate Page Cicindela quadrilineata 115 144 Cicindela 143 four-lined 115! 144 Clithron 121 coronata .... 1041 122 Clitbron 121 crowned 104 122 Cochlearius, Briss. 112138 Cock, jungle 61 6 wild, Lath. 61 6 Coracias strepera, Lath, 61 6 Corvus 777 streperus 86 78 Crocodile 117 Crocodilus 115 Lucius 102 117 Crow 77 noisy S6 78 Dacelo 125 gigantea 106 126 Dexamine 23 spinosa 24 spinous 24 Diptita Lusitanica, Hoff. 85 74 Doclea 41 Rissonii Doclea 41 Risso's Echidna 89 Histrix 90 89 Echidna Porcupine 90 89 Egeria .... 39 Indica 73 Egeria. 39 Indian 73 40 Epeira ... 131 gigantic Epeira.. 131 gigas ... 109) 132 Gorgonecephalus 51 Grave-digger 85 American 1, 90 86 convex-thorax 2,90 86 Helix ringens, Linné 107! 128 Homola 81 spinifrons 881 82 Homola 81 spiny-fronted 881 82 Ibacus 151 Plate | Page Ibacus Peronii 319152 Inachus chiragra, Fabr. 83 70 Sagittarius, Fabr. 67 16 King's fisher, gigantic 1061 126 great-brown ... 106 126 Lacerta, Linné 115 Lamia longimana, Latr. 89 84 Lepidopus 7 Lusitanicus 62 7 Lepidopus 7 Portuguese. 7 Leptopodia . 15 dart-bearing 67 16 Leptopodia 15 sagittaria 16 Lepturus, Briss. 139 Libinia 129 emarginata .... 108 130 Libinia 129 notched ... 10sl 130 Limulus 71 Sowerbean 84 72 Limulus .. 71 Sowerbii 84 72 Lissa 69 chiragra 83 70 Lissa 69 gouty 83 70 Macropodia. 17 longirostris, 2 18 Leach Phalangium 18 Macropus 83 longirostris, Latr. 18 pictus . 89 84 sagittarius, Latr. 67 16 Macropus ... 83 painted ..... 89 84 Maja, Latr. 105 chiragra, Bosc. 83 70 horrida, Lath. 98 107 sagittarius, Leach 67 16 sagittis, Bosc 67 16 Medusa head 51 Melolontha viridi- 1, 75 44 anea, Don. Merala, Ray 29 Modiola 31 Americana 1, 72 32 discrepans 36 741 42 74 42 89 109 132 ... di } GENERAL INDEX. . . . • @ . ... 99 110 GE . ... -} go 89 Platel Page Modiola, Gibbsii .... 2,72 34 incurvata 3,72 36 papuana .... 33 Prideaux 35 Modiole 31 American 1, 721 32 bent 3,72 36 discordant .... 36 Gibbs's 2, 73 34 Horse , 33 Prideaux 35 Monoculus, Linné... 71 Murex Babylonicus, Linné Musculus papuanus, 1 33 D'Argen. Mutilla 111 coccinea. 100 112 Mutilla 111 scarlet 1001 112 Myrmecophaga acule-7 ata, Shaw, Mytilus, Linné 31 discrepans, Mont. 36 --- modiolus, Linné 33 --- umbilicatus, Penn, 33 Necrodes 87 littoralis 88 Necrophorus .. 85 Americanus 1, 90 85 grandis 1, 90 85 medianus 2,90 86 Nemopteryx 73 Africana 85 74 lusitanica 85 74 Nephila 133 maculata ... 1101 134 Ophiura 53 Ammothea 1, 2, 3,79 55 58 brachiata 57 brachycantha. 58 elegans 57 Flemingii granulata 54 Linkii .... 4, 5, 79 55 violascens 55 vulgaris 54 Ophiure 53 Ammothea 1, 2, 3, 791 Plate Page Ophiure, common 55 elegant 56 Flemings 56 granulated 54 Links .... 4, 5, 79 long-rayed 56 sand 58 short spined 59 violascent Ornithorhynchus 135 fuscus .... 111 136 Hystrix, Home 90 89 rufus 136 Pactolus 19 Boscii. 6S 20 Pactolus 10 Bosc's... 68 20 Palæmon. 92 carcinus 92 92 Panorpa 97 affinis 2, 9498 communis 1, 94 96 scorpio 3, 94 93 Panorpa allied 94 American .. 3, 94 99 common 1,94 g8 Parthenopa 105 horrida 98 107 Perna 141 Tranquebarensis 114142 Perna Tranquebar 1141 142 Petalura ..... gigantea 95 Petalure gigantic • • • • o . CO ל וס 95 .. 95 go Phæton 139 Æthereus 113] 140 Phalæna Luna, Linné 70 276 Phascolomis 2001 vombatus 96 102 Phascolomis 101 Wombat 96 102 Wombach, 96 102 Bew. Phasianus 5 colchicus, ß. Lath. 66 Indicus 61 6 Gallus, Gmel. 611 6 . arenosa 56 55 GENERAL INDEX. Pisa .... Pisa ... . . 50 67 67 NO . polished ... ... Plate Page Phasianus torquatus 66 13 Pheasant. 5 Indian 61 6 Ring 66 13 49 nodipes 78 50 49 Knot-legged 78 Plancus, Klein 139 Pleurotoma 109 Babylonica 99 110 Pleurotoma ..... 109 spotted 99! 110 Plotus, Klein 113 Podophthalmus 147 vigil 118] 149 Pogonius .... 45 lævirostris .... 77 47 sulcirostris 76 46 Vieilloti ..... 971 104 Stephensii .. 116 145 Le Vaillantii 1171 146 Pogonius .. 45 groove-beaked 76 46 smooth-beaked 77 47. Vieillots 971 104 Stephens's .... 116 145 Le Vaillant's .. 117. 146 Polyphemus, Lamarck 71 Pontobdella 9 areolata , . 63 10 spinulosa 65 12 verrucata 64 Prawn ... 91 Jamaica . 92 92 Prionus longimanus, Oliv. 89 84 Recurvirostra 113 Americana 1011 114 ayosetta 114 Rhamphastos 65 Platej Page Rhamphastos Aracari .. 81 Scalaris conica, Lam. 87 SO scalatus, De Mont. 87 80 Sealeech 9 areolated 63 10 spinulous 65 12 warted 64 Silpha littoralis 88 Spatangus Australasia 82 68 Spatangus New-Holland 82 68 Spider diadem 134 Thia 119 polita 103 120 Thia 119 103) 120 Thrush 29 splendent 71 30 Tomiger 127 grinning 1071 128 ) Tomigeres 128 ringens ... 107 128 Toucan 65 Aracari 66 Tropic bird 139 Æthereal 113! 140 Turbo Scalaris, Linné 87 80 Turdus 29 splendens 71 30 Turris Babylonica, 991 110 Rumph. Vandellius Lusitani- cus, Shaw Urceus, Klein 121 Wendletrap 79 87 80 Zipotheca, Mont. 7 tetradens 62 7 81 . 62 7 . common .. o Total sequest ADVERTISEMENT. sha ol The Third Volume of the Zoological Miscellany will be published on the 1st of January, 1817; the Author having determined to alter the plan, for the purpose of introducing on the more neglected parts of Zoology, a series of Monographs, which will not only render the Work beneficial to Science, but will make it more interesting to the general Reader Dondole On the 1st of January, 1816, was published, No. VII. of Malacostraca Podophthalma Britanniæ. This Work, which is intended to comprehend Descriptions and Figures of all the British Crabs, Lobsters, and other Crustacea with pedunculated eyes, will be completed in Fourteen Numbers, price 7s. 6d. each ; on superfine paper 10s. 6d.; and plain 6s. The Work will form one moderately thick Quarto Volume. 63 3 ERRATA. 54, Page 26, lin. 1, pro " Astias" lege ACTIAS. . 15, 9, pro “ caule" lege caule. 16, pro “ DARK” lege DART. 25, --15, dele “ of the male." 50, -12, pro “ tops” lege tips. 50, ult. pro podophthalmata" lege podophthalma, 53, 55, Subique pro “ radias” lege radios. et 56, pro “RUTELA” lege ANOPLOGNATHUS. dele lineas 2 et 3. lin. 4, dele “ Fabr., Oliv." 43, 7, pro « tridenticulata" lege inermes. 19, pro « three little” lege no. lin. penult, dele « South America and." pro RUTELA VIRIDI-ÆNEA” lege A ROPLOGNATHUS VIRIDI-ÆNEUS. lin. 3, pro “ ænea punctulata” lege æneus punctulatus. 8, pro “RUTELA" lege ANOPLOGNATHUS. 14, pro “RUTELA" lege ANOPLOGNATHUS. 15, pro < subcastanea" lege subcastanens. 19, pro “RUTELA” lege ANOPLOGNATHUS. lin. ult. pro “R. viridi-ænea" lege A. viridi-æneus. 82, lin. 5, pro “tibia" lege tarsus. « XCV." lege XCIV. 45, 46, ubique pro "pogonia" et « pogonias” lege pagonius. 17, 104, 78, line 1, pro “ STREPERA" lege STREPERUS. 136, - 18, pło “rufus” lege fuscus. 117, - 1, pro “ CUVIERI" lege Lucius. 118, adde,-Since the above description was published, I have seen the ori.. ginal specimen of Cuvier's Crocodilus lucius, which agrees with that in the British Museum in every point. I was therefore misled by the figure and description of M. G. Cuvier. 98, pro 07. 28 71 679 AAA 30 1 MUSEUM LIBRARY