(As
3-5
)
ก
yang
242
HEBER.
ALD.
7vN 15ษ
HOWE.
JUNIOR.
•HIS
-BOOK
1sx5

Museums
QK
308
L.72
1789


FLORA SCOTICA
BY
THE REVJOHN LIGHTFOOT.
VOL. I.
Ranunculus reptans. P283.
L 0 N 1) 0 N.
MDCCLXXVII
Moses Griffiths det
P. tazell scout

COVE

FLORA SCOTICA:
OR, A
SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT,
IN THE
L I N N Æ AN
Μ Ε Τ Η Ο D,
OF THE
N A TI V Ε Ρ Ι Α Ν Τ S
SCOTLAND AND
THE HEBRIDES.
By JOHN LIGHTFOOT, A. M.
VOL. I.
THE SECOND EDITION.
To which is now prefixed,
The Life of the AUTHOR, by T. PENNANT, Eſq.
Where do the Wiſdom and the Pow'r divine
In a more bright and ſweet reflection ſhine?
Where do we finer ſtrokes and colours ſee
Of the Creator's real poetry,
Than when we with attention look
Upon the third day's volume of the book?
If we could open and intend our eye,
We all like Moſes ſhould eſpy,
Ev'n in a buſh, the radiant Deity.
COWLEY.
L O N D ON:
PRINTED FOR R. FAULDER,
NEW BOND-STREET,
M DCC LXXXIX.
1789


TO HER GRACE
THE MOST NOBLE
MARGARET CAVENDISHE
DUCHESS DOWAGER OF
PORT LAND,
THAT GREAT AND INTELLIGENT ADMIRER
AND PATRONESS
OF NATURAL HISTORY IN GENERAL,
THE
FOLLOWING FLORA,
(AS AN HUMBLE EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE
FOR THE MANY UNSOLICITED FAVORS
HER GRACE HAS THOUGHT FIT TO CONFER
UPON HIM)
IS WITH ALL SUBMISSION INSCRIB'D,
be 37-b toyo
BY HER GRACE'S
MOST DUTIFUL CHAPLAIN,
AND MOST RESPECTFUL
AND OBEDIENT HUMBLE SERVANT,
JOHN LIGHTFOOT.

Тірлеу
а и тя о
TAVOITET
Кошад
С"
Яoy
10 арга
Cuba
го21:
А2.1. От
12'3
тоа, ако

Museum
[ *y)
Gift
9-15-39
SOME ACCOUNT
OF THE
AUTHOR OF THIS WORK.
THE
HE Reverend JOHN LIGHTFOỘT was
born at Newent, in the Foreſt of Dean;
in the county of Glocefter, on the 9th of De-
cember 1735. His father, Stephen Lightfoot,
was a reputable yeoman or gentleman-farmer,
who died with a very amiable character, as ap=
pears by the following all-fufficient epitaph,
placed on a ſmall marble monument in the
pariſh church of Newent.
In Memory of STEPHEN LIGHTFOOT,
of this Pariſh.
He was humane, compaſſionate, and
liberal to the Poor,
And died regretted, Oft. 26th, 1769, aged 65.
* a 3
His

[ *vi ]
His Son, the ſubject of this ſhort account,
was educated at St. Crypt's ſchool, at Glocel-
ter: from whence he became an exhibitioner
in Pembroke College, Oxford; where he con-
tinued his ſtudies with much reputation.
He was firſt appointed Curate at Coln-
brook, and afterwards at Uxbridge; which he
retained to his dying day.
His firſt patton was the Honorable Mr.
Lane, fon to the late Lord Bingley. Lord
Chancellor Northington preſented him to the
Living of Shelden, in Hants, which he re-
figned on taking the Rectory of Gotham, in
the county of Nottingham. He had alſo
Sutton in Lownd, in the ſame county ; to
both of which he was preſented by his
Grace the Duke of Portland. His eccleſiaſ
tical preferments amounted to above five
hundred a year.
He was alſo domeſtic chaplain to his il-
luſtrious patroneſs the late Ducheſs Dowager
of Portland, and by her liberality enjoyed,
during her Grace's life, an annuity of a
hundred a year. During her Grace's ſummer
refidence at the neighboring feat Bulftrode,
he

[ *vii ]
he did duty in the family twice a week,
and at other times was of very conſiderable
'uſe to her Grace in arranging her magnifi-
cent collection of Natural Hiſtory, particu-
larly the ſhells, and the botanical part.
He was an excellent ſcholar in many
branches of literature; but after the ſtudy
of his profeſſion, he addicted himſelf chiefly
to that of botany and conchyliology. He'ex-
celled in both : but in the former I may ſay,
that in Great Britain he was nearly unrivalled.
I can only ſpeak of my reſpected friend
Mr. WILLIAM Hudson, and conjoin him
in the ſame ſentence. He was equally verſed
in the knowlege of foreign as of Britiſh bo-
tany. He never hid his talents, or thought
them impaired by the communication. No
one ever poſſeſſed ſo liberal a turn, or took
ſuch great pains to enlighten thoſe who were
leſs converſant in thoſe ſtudies. I muſt
rank myſelf among them who have been fo
often benefited with his friendly aid; and
with a figh lament the loſs of the cheerful
humane friend, and the want of his affiſt-
ance on a thouſand occaſions.
In.
* a4

[ *viii]
In 1772, I propoſed to him a tour inta
Scotland, and a voyage to the Hebrides. He
accepted my offer, and made me happy in
his company, and himſelf agreeable to the
ſeveral families who, during the excurfion,
honored me with their hoſpitality,
One object of my choice of Mr. LIGHT-
FOOT was, that his botanical ſkill might be
exerted in the ſearch of the diſtant and
almoſt unexplored part of Great Britain
for its vegetable productions. This he
per-
formed in the moſt indefatigable and ſatiſ-
factory manner. I thought his labors
worthy of the public; encouraged him ta
fling them into ſyſtematic form; and at my
own expence printed and uſhered to the
botanical world that great work, the FLORA
SCOTICA.
When I ſpeak of that, I will not reſt
on my own judgment; I muſt rely on that of
ſome of as able botaniſts as this kingdom
at preſent affords. His deſcriptions are mi-
nute and accurate; his diſtinctions nice, and
many of them new; his uſe of the ſeveral
fpecies more ample, and more applicable to
十
​the

["ix ]
the ſervices of mankind, than have ever be-
fore been given in our language. There is
not an author of credit whom he hath not
ranſacked, and to their remarks added
many
which had fallen within the ſcope of his own
obfervation.
This work appeared in 1778. No ſooner
did it come out, than Envy emptied her
whole quiver : fhe employed every little ar-
cher to aim her envenomed darts; and un-
happily with too much ſucceſs. The book
received its condemnation ; but, as I foreſaw
that the poiſon muſt with time evaporate,
I refuſed to waſte cedro digna locutus, the
labor of fo able a writer on thus et odores,
ſo only impriſoned them a few years in
the darkſome cell of a London warehouſe,
till they ſhould be called out by the flow,
but ſure voice of all-correcting TIME :
but, alas! a more fatal call brought them
forth,
Comperit invidiam fuprema fine domari.
It is now diſcovered, that the uſes of ve-
getables could not be fully elucidated with-
out

[ * ]
3
out ranſacking the labors of paſt authors;
and that, if in thoſe caſes my friend did
not compile, he muſt have invented.
It is now diſcovered, that it is not a work
fit only for mere novices in botany; for it is
certain that the ſubjects are ſo deeply inveſti-
gated, as to be equally fit for the adept as
for the young pupil.
The art of depretiation was next exerted
againſt the plates : ſeveral were pointed out
as copies from that magnificent and elaborate
work, the Flora Danica. It is truly fact,
that not one was taken from that ſplendid
work; every one are originals, deſigned either
by my ſervant Mofes Griffith, or by an artiſt
recommended by his candid friend Mr.
Curtis, the ingenious author of a work
that brings with it national honor, the
FLORA LONDINENSIS. The inſtances of
copying the works of others are only partial.
There were two or three ſpecies of plants ga-
thered when out of flower. To render them
perfect, Mr. LIGHTFOOT thought fit to
have recourſe to the Flora Danica, but
without deſtroying the originality of the
drawing

[ *xi ]
5
drawing. Several of the drawings alſo were
pronounced to be bad. I can only ſubſcribe
to that cenſure in the inſtance of the Ruppia
Maritima. I ſhall not ſcrutinize into the
manner that figure got into the work; I
will only ſay it appeared unknown to the
worthy author, and gave him ſome vexation.
As to the cenſure paſſed on ſeveral of the
plates, I can readily defend their merit, even
ſo far as to dare compariſon with thoſe of
other works, and that by the opinions of
ſome moſt eminent botaniſts. Mr. LIGHT-
FOOT's fame was to be demoliſhed; but,
happily for him, on motives moſt humo-
rouſly expreſſed in the lines of the immortal
BUTLER,
By ſome fierce dead-doing man,
Compos’d of many ingredient valours,
Juſt like the manhood of tên taylors.
So a wild Tartar, when he fpies
A man that's handſome, valiant, wiſe,
If he can kill thinks t' inherit
His wit, his beauty, and his ſpirit :
As if juſt ſo much he enjoy'd,
As in another is deſtroy'd,
Peace to all ſuch !
I now

[ *xii]
I now haſten towards the concluſion of
the brief hiſtory of my worthy friend. In
November 1780, he married Matilda, only
daughter of Mr. William Burton Raynes, of
Uxbridge, who brought to him a very con-
fiderable fortune, and by whom he left two
fons and three daughters.
On the 20th of February, in the pre-
fent year, he went out in the morning to
a ſhop in the town of Uxbridge, ſeemingly
in good health : the people obſerved he faul.
tered in his ſpeech : he ſaid he wiſhed he was
at home; to which he got with difficul-
ty, and was conducted to his bed; in which
he had not been fifteen minutes, before he
was ſtruck with a fit, and grew very cold :
he continued a few hours ſpeechleſs, and
then expired. This fatal ſtroke deprived
his wife of an affectionate huſband, his in-
fants of a fond and tender parent, his ac-
quaintance of an agreeable and uſeful friend,
and his flock of a pious and worthy paftor.
THOMAS PENNANT.
Downing,
Nov. 13th, 1788.
PRE-

[v]
PREF A C E.
TH
THE following Work, ſuch as it is,
owes its appearance to Thomas Pen-
nant, Eſquire.
This gentleman, in his ſecond tour and
voyage to the Hebrides, in the ſummer of
the year 1772, kindly invited me to par-
take of his company, and did every thing
in his power to promote and facilitate my
journey : a journey I was deſirous to un-
dertake, not only as it promiſed much va-
riety of amuſement and inſtruction, but
as it flattered me in a particular manner
with a fair opportunity of gratifying a fa-
vorite affection I had long conceived for the
ſcience
a 3

vi
cЕ
PRE FACE.
ſcience of Botany, while it afforded the
enchanting proſpect of examining a country,
whoſe vegetable productions had been at-
tended to by very few.
Mr. Pennant, who was well acquainted
with the ruling paſſion of his companion,
firſt thought fit to encourage it, by ſug-
geſting the compilation of a FLORA Sco-
TICA, and promiſing afterwards to uſher it
into the world. This promiſe he hath per-
formed at his ſole expence, in the moſt
friendly and diſintereſted manner. How
far the public will be obliged to him for
this encouragement is a matter of ſome
doubt ; but under it's engaging influence I
could not refuſe to undertake the work, and
execute it to the beſt of my power, both in
juſtice to him who was pleas’d to think me
equal to the performance, and for the credit
of myſelf.
Returning therefore moſt grateful acknow-
ledgments to Mr. Pennant, for the pleaſures
I received both in my journey and com-
pany with him, I muſt now proceed
to

P R E FACE.
vii
a
to lay before the reader a ſhort plan of the
work itſelf, and of the various aids I re-
ceived in the execution of it.
The firſt part of the book is a ſketch of
Caledonian Zoology, compos'd by Mr. Pen-
nant, and prefix'd for the benefit of thoſe
naturaliſts who wiſh to be acquainted with
the animals of North Britain.
This is ſucceeded by the FLORA Scotia
CA, or a fyſtematic arrangement of the indi-
genous plants of Scotland and its iſlands.
This arrangement is entirely after the
ſexual or Linnean method, not only as being
the preſent moſt approved and faſhionable,
but the moſt ingenious and convenient, and,
conſequently, the moſt eligible fyftem hither-
to invented.
It is well known to conſiſt of twenty-four
claffes or primary diviſions; at the begin-
ning of each of which I have enumerated the
ſeveral orders and genera contained under it,
together with the ſhort characters which
diſtinguiſh each genus, after the manner of
Linnæus, in the 13th edition of his Syſtema
Nature. This ſhort ſcheme enables the
learner
ފް
a 4

viii
PRE FACE.
learner not only to behold at one view the
various genera comprehended under each
claſs, but alſo to diſtinguiſh readily their
differences, and to diſcover ſome few ſpe-
cies of plants, which would ſeem to the
Tyro improperly claſs’d, and might other-
wiſe baffle his refearches in inveſtigating
their names. Theſe irregular fpecies are
therefore, to facilitate his enquiries, printed
in italics, and placed at the foot of the or-
der to which they might ſeem to belong.
Again, at the head of every genus
its
ge-
neric characters are expreſs’d more fully, in
conformity to the method of the foremen-
tioned Swediſh naturaliſt, with references to
his Genera Plantarum, where thoſe characters
are deſcribed at large.
Under each genus are arranged the ſeveral
Species, with their trivial names and ſpecific
differences, all taken from the ſame author,
unleſs where new fpeçies required new
names to be given them.
Then follow references to thoſe authors
who have exhibited the beſt figures of the
ſeveral ſpecies. The books referred to are
often

PRE FACE.
ix
often indeed voluminous and expenſive, but
they are ſuch as will yield much pleaſure
and ſatisfaction to the learner.
Next ſucceeds the common Engliſh name
of each ſpecies, and afterwards the Scotch
and Gaulic or Erſe nanies, ſo far as they are
generally known and received by the inha-
bitants,
To theſe are fubjoin'd each plant's parti-
cular place of growth or native foil.
To which is added its duration, expreſs'd
by the following ſigns, viz. which de-
notes the plant to be annual, o biennial,
24 perennial, and h a tree or ſhrub. After-
wards the time of flowering, fignified by the
following numbers, viz. I. II. III. &c.
correſponding to the months of January,
February, March, &c.
Then follows a ſhort deſcription of each
plant, or ſome few diſtinguiſhing characters
of it, ſuch as were thought neceſſary either
to point out the difference of ſpecies moſt
nearly allied, or to aſſiſt the learner in aſcer-
taining thoſe plants which are generally
leaſt known, or but ill-deſcribed by authors:
ſuch

X
P R E F A CE,
ſuch eſpecially are thoſe of the Cryptogamia
claſs, which coſt more time and attention
than all the other twenty-three claſſes toge-
ther.
Laſt of all are ſubjoined the various uſes
of each plant, whether economical, medical,
or fuperftitious, Their æconomical and medi-
cal uſes are extracted from authors of the
firſt credit; for the moſt part either from
Linnæus's Materia Medica, or Haller's Hi-
ſtoria ſtirpium Helvetia. For their ſuperſti-
tious uſes I am chiefly indebted to my often-
mentioned friend Mr. Stuart, a native of
the Higblands, and perfectly acquainted with
the cuſtoms of his countrymen.
In the courſe of this work, I have purpoſely
avoided the addition of all ſynonyms, not
merely to prevent ſwelling the book, but
becauſe they have been ſo often repeated by
other authors, and ſeem to be at the ſame
time of little uſe to the learner. I there-
fore wholly omitted them, to make way for
deſcriptions, which I flatter myſelf will prove
of more ſervice.
Should

P R E F A CE.
xi
Should I be aſk'd, why, contrary to the
preſent faſhion in works of this kind, I
choſe to write the deſcriptions and uſes of
the plants in Engliſh rather than Latin? I
anſwer, to comply with the requeſt of my beſt
friends. Neither do I think it any objection
to the book, as it was written purely for
the uſe of my countrymen, who will under-
ſtand it never the worſe for being in their
own tongue.
With the theory and technical terms of the
fexual fyſtem, and the manner how to in-
veſtigate an unknown plant, the reader is
ſuppoſed to be acquainted before he takes
the Flora Scotica in hand. If he ſhould be
totally ignorant of the elements of Botany,
and yet be deſirous of knowing the names
and uſes of any native plants which may fall
in his way, I would beg leave firſt to refer
him either to the Philoſophia Botanica of
Linnæus, for a Latin inſtruction in the firſt
principles of the ſcience, or to Lee's introm
duction to Botany, or Roſe's Elements of
Botany for an Engliſh one; after which I
flatter myſelf he will have little diffi-
culty, with the help of the Flora Scotica,

xii
PRE FACE.
to aſcertain almoſt any vegetable of Caledo-
nian birth.
It may be thought perhaps a little arro-
gant, that I ſhould attempt a ſyſtematic
arrangement of the plants of a large country,
without having ſpent more than one ſummer
in it; and indeed the imputation would be
juſt, if I had not received the greateſt af-
ſiſtance therein from able and ingenious bo-
taniſts, who have reſided in that country
their whole lives: gentlemen, who have
not only permitted me to examine their va-
luable collections, but have freely commu-
nicated to me the obſervations of many
years.
Among theſe I have the pleaſure firſt to
mention with gratitude the name of Dr.
Hope, the preſent celebrated profeffor of
botany at Edinburgh, who not only favoured
me with the ſight of his copious Herbarium,
but permitted me the uſe of his notes and
obfervations, the reſult of a long enquiry.
To the Rev. Mr. Stuart jun. late of
Killin in Breadalbane, now of Luſs, in the
county of Dumbarton, I am indebted for
every

PRE FACE.
XI
every aſſiſtance that ingenuity and friendſhip
could yield. This young gentleman, a moſt
accurate obſerver of Nature's works, and
critically vers’d in the Erſe language, and
the manners and cuſtoms of his country, I
had the good-fortune to ſhare as a compa-
nion and fellow-traveller through the High-
lands and Hebrides; and to him I am obliged
for a great portion of the Highland botany,
for many of the medical and economical, and
,
all the ſuperſtitious uſes of plants which are
interſperſed in this work, and to him I owe
the ſupply of their Erfe or Gaulic names.
To the Rev. Dr. Burgeſs of Kirkmichael,
in Dumfrieshire, I am eminently indebted
for the botany of the Lowlands. Unſolicited
and without reſerve, he was ready to impart
all the botanical diſcoveries he had made
during the courſe of many years. To him
I am likewiſe obliged for the provincial
names of plants, or thoſe made uſe of by
the common people of the country.
To theſe aſſiſtances from gentlemen con-
ſtantly reſident in Scotland, I muſt add the
friendly aids I have received from thoſe who,
like

vix
PRE FACE.
like myſelf, have made only tranſient viſits
in it.
TO
Dr. Parſons, the preſent ingenious pro-
feſſor of anatómy at Oxford, during his me-
dical ſtudies at Edinburgh, as a neceffary
concomitant to the knowledge of phyfic,
made botany one of his principal purſuits,
and greatly excelled in it. He was indefa-
tigable in his enquiries into the ſcience, and
in collecting the objects of it; and with
much gratitude I remember the liberty he
gave me to reap the fruits of his labours, by
permitting me to examine his Herbarium, and
extract from his notes
...
Mr. Yalden, a late ſtudent in phyſic at
Edinburgh, and a moſt fagacious and un-
wearied naturaliſt, loft no opportunity dur-
ing
hin that univerſity, of
cultivating his knowledge in botany. He
made a copious collection of the vegetable
productions of Scotland, with many curious
obfervations on them, and in the moſt libe-
ral and friendly manner ſubmitted the whole
wa
to my inſpection and uſe.
To

P R E F A CE.
XV
To the number of thoſe friends who have
contributed their affiſtances towards the pre-
ſent work, I am happy to add the reſpecta-
ble and celebrated names of Jofeph Banks
Efq; and Dr. Solander, the two great philo-
fophical luminaries of this nation; gentle-
men who were ever ready to elucidate a
difficult ſubject, and who never fail'd to
diſpel the obſcurity which ſurrounded any
dubious plant.
Nor will gratitude allow me to forget the
obligations I owe to the friendly indulgence
of Dr. Sibthorpe, Profeſſor of Botany at Ox-
ford, who with great freedom and kindneſs
permitted se to examine Dr. Dillenius's ce-
lebrated collection of moffes now in his cufa
tody, and thereby enabled me to ſolve many
doubts and difficulties among the numerous
ſpecies of that minute tribe of vegetables,
Having now exhibited, as I propoſed, a
ſhort plan of the following work, and enu-
merated the various aids I received in the
execution of it, it may not be amiſs briefly
to acquaint the reader, what were my own
preparative qualifications for the undertaking
7
it.

xvi
ÞR É F A CÉ.
it. I would wiſh therefore to let him know,
that the entertaining ſcience of Botany had
been the conſtant amuſement of my rides and
walks for upwards of ſixteen years, previous
to my tour in Scotland ; that in this tour I
travelled either by land or ſea from the ſouth
of Annandale, to the borders of Sutherland;
viſited moſt of the Hebrides, except the Long-
Tand, traverſed the kingdom from Argyle-
Shire to the county of Mearns, that is, from
the weſtern to the eaſtern ſhore, and after-
wards return'd to England by way of Edin-
burgh and Kelſo; that in all this tract,
which took up the daily exerciſe of a whole
ſummer, I had a conſtant eye to ohe follow-
ing work, embraced every opportunity of
ſcaling the higheſt mountains, climbing
the moſt rugged rocks, penetrating the
thickeſt woods, treading the fallacious bogs,
winding upon the ſhores of feas and lakes, in
fhort, of examining every variety of land
or water, which promiſed to produce a va-
riety of vegetables.
This is mentioned only to acquaint the
reader what degree of perfection he may
expect

P R E F A C E.
Xvit
expect from the following Flora, for I pre-
ſume not to aſſert that it contains every in-
digenous plant of the country whoſe vege-
tables it recounts; it is ſufficient that it
comprehends by far the greateſt part, which
is as much as the Flora of any country
can pretend to. The number of plants it
compriſes is not very far ſhort of thirteen
hundred, which will ſurely be allowed a
competent foundation for an undertaking of
this fort. Doubtleſs there are many
behind
undiſcovered. Theſe may ſerve as an incite-
ment to others to make new reſearches, and
ſo by degrees complete the work I have here
begun: and if at any time ſuch reſearches
hould be attended with diſcoveries, and
thoſe who make them will take the trouble
to communicate them to the author, ſuch
communications ſhall at all times be grate-
fully acknowledged.
Should the following performance happen
to excite any to the ſtudy of the vegetable
creation, it may poſſibly become the ſource
of much health and pleaſure, by the exer-
ciſe it neceſſarily promotes to the body, and
the
b

xviii
PRE FACE.
the complacency it always begets in the
mind: but ſhould it prove the happy inſtru-
ment of diverting any from fooliſh and un-
manly purſuits to the rational ſtudy of God's
works, and the contemplation of his ſub-
lime attributes, manifeſted therein, which
is the natural tendency of ſuch a ſtudy,
my time and labour have not been employed
in vain,
Uxbridge,
July 24, 1777
REFE-

(xix )
REFERENCES explained.
M . . .
ment.
AEt. Paris.
EMOIRES de l'Academie Royale
des Sciences. Paris. 4to.
Arduin. Spec.
Petri Arduini Obſervationum Botanicarum
Specimen I. Patav. anno 1759. 4to. &
II. ibid. anno 1764. 4to.
Arduin. Mem. Ejuſdem Memorie Differtationi & Deſcriz-
zioni anno 1766. 4to. Patav.
Amman. St. rar.Ruth. Joannis Ammani Stirpium rariorum in Im-
perio Ruthenico, &c. Petrop. 1739. 4to,
Amman.com.Petrop. Ejufdem Lapathum orientale pulchrum Com-
Petrob. T. XIII.
Barrel. icon. Jacobi Barrelieri Icones Plantarum per
Galliam, Hiſpaniam et Italiam obſervata-
rum. Paris. 1714. Fol.
Bafter. opufc. Jobi Bafteri opuſcula ſubſeciva, &c. tom. 1.
& tom. 2. Harlem. 1762. 1765.
Blacks. Spec. bot. J. Blackſtone Specimen Botanicum. Lond.
1746. 12º.
Bauhin. Prod. Caſpari Bauhini Prodromus et Pinax, Ba-
fil. 1671. 4°
Bauhin. hiſt.
Joannis Bauhini Hiſtoria Plantarum uni-
verſalis. Ebrodun. 1650. fol.
Blakwell's
b 2

XX
REFERENCES EXPLAINED.
2
IV. 1733.
Blakwell's Herb. Elizabeth Blakwell's curious Herbal. Lond.
1739. fol. 2 vol. et auctius meliuſq. cura
Ch. Fac. Trew. Norimberg. 1741. ſeqq.
fol. 5 vol.
5
Buxb, Hallens Joannis Chriſtiani Buxbaum Enumeratio
plantarum in Agro Hallenſi. Halæ Mag-
deb. 1721. 8vo.
Buxb. Cent. Ejuſdem plantarum minus cognitarum Cen-
turiæ quinque. I. et II. 1721. III. 1729.
V. 1740. Petrop. 4to.
Boccon. Mus. Pauli Boccone Muſeum plantarum rariorum.
Venet. 1697. 4to.
Boccon. pl. rer. Pauli Boccone plantarum rariorum Siciliæ
icones et deſcriptiones. Oxon. 1674. 4to,
Column. ecphras. Fabii Columna Ecphraſis I. et II. minus
cognitarum rariorumque ftirpium. Romæ.
1616. 4to.
Crantz. Greenl. David Crantz's Hiſtory of Greenland.
Tranſlated from the German. 2 vol. 8vo.
London. 1767
Dalech. hiſt. Jacobi Dalechampii Hiſtoria generalis Plan-
tarum. Lugd. 1584. fol.
Dillen. Eltham. Joannis Jacobi Dillenii Hortus Elthamenfis,
ſeu Delineationes plantarum rariorum.
Lond. 1732. fol.
Dillen. muſc.
Joannis Jacobi Dillenii Hiſtoria muſcorum.
Oxon. 1741. 4to.
Duhamel. arb. Du Hamel Traité des arbres et des arbuſtes.
Paris. 1755. 2 vol. 4to.
Flor.
9

REFERENCES EXPLAINED.
xxi
Flor. Suec.
Caroli Linnæi Flora Suecica. Stockholmiæ,
1755. 8vo.
Ger. emac.
Joannis Gerardi Hiſtoria Plantarum a Tho-
ma Johnſon emaculata. London. 1633.
.
et 1636. fol.
Gerard. Gallopr. Ludovici Gererdi Flora Galloprovincialis.
Paris. 1761. 8vo.
Gefner. icon. an. Conradi Geſneri Opera botanica iconibus
æneis. Nuremberg. 1752. fol.
Gledit. fung
Joan. Gottlieb Gleditchii Methodus Fungo-
rum. Berol. 1753. 8vo.
Gmel. Sibir. Joannis Georg. Gmelini Flora Sibirica. I.
II. vol. Petrop. 1750. III. 1768. IV,
1769. 4to.
Gmel. Fucor. Ejuſdem Hiſtoria Fucorum. Petrop. 1768.
4to.
Gunner. Fl. Norveg. J. Erneſt. Gunneri. Flora Norvegica. Ni-
dros. 1766. fol.
Haller. Stirp. Helv. Alberti Haller Hiſtoria ſtirpium indigena-
rum Helvetiæ. Bernæ. 1768. 2 vol. fol.
Haller. opufc. Alberti Heller Opuſcula Botanica recuſa eţ
aucta. Gottingæ. 1749. Svo.
Hort, Aichftet. , Eyſtet. Bafilii Beſteri Hortus Aichſtettenſis ſ.
Eyſtettenſis, Noremb. 1613. fol. et 1640,
fol.
Hudſ. Fl. Angl. Gulielmi Hudſoni Flora Anglica. Londini,
1762. 8vo,
Herm. Paradiſ. Pauli Hermanni Paradiſus Batavus. Lugd.
1698. 4to.
b 3
Jacquin.

xxü
REFERENCES EXPLAINED.
Jacquin. obs.
Nicolai Joſeph Jacquin Obfervationes Box
tanicæ. P. I. Vienn. 1764. fol. et P. II.
1767. fol.
Lin. Gen. pl.
Lin. Sp. pl.
Lin. Flor. Suec.
Lin. Fl. Lap.
Caroli Linnæi Genera Plantarum. Holmiæ.
1764. 8vo. edit. 6ta.
Ejuſdem Species plantarum. Holmiæ. 1762.
edit. fecunda. 8vo. 2 vol.
Ejuſdem Flora Suecica. Stockholmiæ. 1755,
8vo,
Ejufdem Flora Lapponica. Amftelodami,
1737. 8vo.
Ejuſdem Syſtema Naturæ. Holmiæ. 1766.
et 1777. II. tom. 8vo. primus in 2 parti.
bus-Et Syſtema vegetabilium. Gottin-
gæ. 1774. 1. vol. 8vo, edit. 134.
Ejuſdem Mantiſſa Plantarum, ad finem
Syſtematis Naturæ prius dicti in tom.
2do. Holmiæ. 1767.
Et Altera Mantiffa Plantarum. Holmiæ.
Lin. Syft. nat.
Lin. Mantiſs.
1771. 8vo.
Læs. Pruſs. Joannis Læſelii Flora Pruſſica. Regimont,
1703. 4to,
Magnol. hort. Monſpel. Petri Magnol Hortus regius Monfpe-
lienſis. Monſpelii. 1697. 8vo.
Marten. Spitſberg, Frederici Martens Itinerarium Spitſber-
genſe et Groenlandicum. Hamb. 1675,
4to. germanice. Amſtelodam. 1685. 4to.
Belgice. Anglice à Rajo.
Mentz.

REFERENCES EXPLAINED.
xxiii
Mentz. pug.
Chriſtiani Mentzelii Index Plantarum et
Pugillus. Berolin. 1696. fol.
Moris, bift. Ox. Roberti Morifoni et Jacobi Bobarti Hifto.
ria Plantarum Oxonienſis. III vol. fol.
Oxon. 1680.
Oeder. Fl. Dan. Georgii Chriſtiani Oeder Flora Danica. P.I.
Hafniæ. 1761. fol. et reliqui tomi ad IX.
Parkinſon. Joannis Parkinſoni Theatrum Botanicum.
Lond. 1640. fol.-Ejuſdem Paradiſus
terreftris. Lond. 1629. fol.
Pluk. alm. et phyt. Leonardi Plukenetii Almageſtum Botanicum
et Phytographia. Lond. 4to. diverſo tem-
pore edita.
Pennant's Tour. A Tour in Scotland and Voyage to the
Hebrides, by Tho. Pennant Eſq. 2 vol.
4to. Cheſter, 1774. and ad part, London.
1776. 4to.
Raii Syn.
Joannis Raii Synopſis Methodica Stirpium
Britannicarum. edit. III. Lond. 1724. 8vo.
R. Hift.
Ejuſdem Hiſtoria Plantarum. 3. Lond.
1686. et 1704. fol.
Rivin, irr, mon. ic. Auguſti Quirini Rivini ordines Plantarum
fiore irregulari monopetalo, tetrapetalo, et
pentapetalo. Lipfiæ. 1691 et 1699. fol.
Roel. inſea. Auguſti Joannis Roeſel Hiſtoria Inſectarum
cum aliquot figuris Plantarum. Norim-
berg. 4to. 1749. 4 tom.
Schaff Fung: Jac, Chriſtiani Schæffer. Hiſtoria Fungorum
b 4
circa

xxiv
REFERENCES EXPLAINED.
Schreber. gram.
circa Ratiſbonam nafcentium. Ratiſbon,
1762 et 1763, &c. Centuriæ III. 4to.
Scheucbz. Agroft. Joannis Jacobi Scheuchzeri Agroftographia,
Tigurii. 1719. 4to.
Scheuchz. Itin. Alp. Ejufdem Itinera alpina tria. Lond. 1708.
4to. et ejufdem Itinera Alpina IX. 1723.
4to. 2 vol.
Schmidel, icon. Caſimir Chriſtopheri Schmidel icones plan,
tarum et analyſes æri inciſæ. Norimberg,
7748. fol. tabulis 19.
Ejuſdem Buxbaumia. 1758.
Ejuſdem Blafia. 1759.
Ejuſdem Jungermannia. 1761.
Joannis Chriftiani Schreber Deſcriptio Gra-
minum. Lipfig. 1769. fol.
Scopol. Fl. Carniol. Joannis Antonii Scopoli Flora Carniolica,
edit. 22. Vindobon. 1772. 8vo. 2 tom.
Seguier. Veron. J. Franc. Seguier Plantæ Veronenſes. Ve-
ronæ. 1745. 8vo. 2 vol.
Ejufdem Supplementum. ibidein. 1754. 8vo.
Sibbald. Scot. il. Roberti Sibbaldi Scotia illuſtrata. Edinb,
1684. fol.
Franciſci van Sterbeeck Theatrum Fungo-
rum. Belgice. Antwerp. 1675. 4to.
Stilling. Trait. Benjamin Stilling fleet's miſcellaneous Tracts.
Lond. 1762. 8vo.
Tabernamont. ic. Jacobi Theodori Tabernæmontani Icones
Plantarum. Franc. 1690. 4to.
Thal.
Sterb. Fung

REFERENCES EXPLAINED,
xxy
Thal. Harc. Joannis Thalii Harcynia Sylva. 1588. 4to.
Francfort.
Tournef. In. R. H. Joſephi Pitton Tournefort Inſtitutiones Rei
Herbariæ. Paris. 1700. 4to.
Vaill. Paris. Sebaſtiani Vaillant Botanicon Pariſienſe.
Weis. Crypt.
Frederici Gulielmi Weis Plantæ Cryptoga-
micæ Floræ Gottingenſis. Gottinge. 1770
@yo,
ERRORS

( xxvi)
ERRORS of the PRESS,
Which the Reader is deſired to correct
with his pen.
83
85
89
21
21
22
96
98
102
102
22
23
Page Line
82 ult. for trancutus write truncatus.
5 f. AGROSTRIS w. AGROSTIS,
7 f. perinatis w. pinnatis.
89
8 f. foliacca w foliacea.
f. paleaccæ w. paleaceæ.
91 14 f. deſcernible w. diſcernible.
93
f. triſpidiufculis w. hiſpidiuſculis.
95 3
f. divaricafa w. divaricata.
95
f. caryophylea w.caryophyllea.
23
f. fcabiofis w. ſcarioſis.
25 f. fpiculee w. ſpiculæ.
99 14 f. medica w media.
3 f. feabra w. ſcabra.
f. decumbent w. decumbens.
104
5 f. arvencis w. arvenſis.
104
f. fubulato ariftatis w ſubulato-ariftatis.
105 23
f. kind w. rind.
25 f. calamagrotis w. calamagroſtis.
108
4 f. fomentofis w. tomentofis.
108
7 f. nu w. nec.
108
19
f. actta w. aucta.
109 3
f. imo dextram w.imo ad dextram.
109 25 f. fçirhofities w. fcirrhofities.
f. In Cartland w. on Cartland.
116
23
f. triſpido w. hiſpido.
1:6
25
f. triſpidis w. hiſpidis.
119
18 f. Succica w. Suecica.
25
f. of Potamogeton w. of a Potamogeton.
I 25 3 F. Sequier w. Seguier.
106
116
21
124
6 f. Cops. w. Caps.
17 f. triſpida w. hiſpida.
129
6 f. Hydrocotile w. Hydrocotyle.
130
17 f. expanfo plana w.expanſo-plana.
132.
127
129

ERRORS of the PRESS.
xxvii
15
55395u67859
158
22
158
Pag | Line
X32 7 F. Morift w. Moris.
132 24 f. Morift. w. Moris.
134 4 f. Hoft. w. Hort,
134
6 eraſe Tour Scotl. 1772, qto. tab.
,
134 9 for affording vegetation w.affording nouriſh-
ment for vegetation.
137 3 f. queens w. queen.
140 4 eraſe the comma after the word Benmor, and
alſo after Ben-Croachan.
140 25
f. protrato w. proftrato.
144 f. and limbs w. and uſe of his limbs.
151
f. are without dent w. have no dent.
151
19 f. mafting w. making; and Alkali in Italics.
152 25 f. Corolli w. Corollis.
152 ult. If Quadrified w. Quadrifid.
153
f. UMBELLATE w. UMBELLATÆ.
155
f. hifpidis w. hiſpidus.
f. cequales w. æquales.
158
f. HERAGLEUM W. HERACLEUM.
25
after the word ſuperioris add a full period.
a
159 29
after Tour in Scotl. 1772. gto. edit. add Part
II.
pag. 205. tab. XXIV.
161
f. to be pair w. to be a pair.
161
5
after the word benè add a full ſtop.
162
3 f. they reſemble w. the partial ones reſemble.
162
after Moris, hift. S. add
9.
164 8
f. bicuta w. cicuta.
164 after cicuta eraſe the ſtop.
165
f. lacinæ w.lacinia.
167 f. lævi w. lævi,
167 f. Moriſt. w. Moris.
171 17 f. arborco w. arboreo.
174
26 f. left w leaſt.
130 6 w. ſubulato-filiformia join'd by a hyphen.
181 23 w. a comma after the word trilobis.
184
28
f. dextrom w. dextram.
184 28 f. ad p. 12. w. p. 12. ad.
185
f. Scheuck w. Scheuch.
188
f. gramiferis w graniferis,
189 18 f. and wafte places w. and in waſte places.
191 27 eraſe the hyphen between the figure 3 and the
word calyciformia.
192 14 eraſe the hyphen after the figure 3.
2
олим
6
ult.
23
2
21
22
21
197

xxviii
ERRORS of the PRESS.
220
II
222
8.
2
Page Line
197
ult. put an hyphen between the words decurrenti and
amplexicaulibus.
218 26 put a comma after Caple, and a period after
Strath.
220 3 f. Rofenath w. Roſeneath,
f. erenated w. crenated.
221 27 f. Finlairg w. Finlarig.
221 penult. f. three inches w. three inches high,
25 f. Flot. w. Flor.
224 17
f.cunciformibus w. cuneiformibus,
226
3 f. Etham w. Eltham.
226
f. uniflora w. unifloro,
226 penult. f. Petula w. Petala.
230 14 f. Mearis w. Meavis,
231 16 f. parced w. parad.
232
27
f. ftrip. w. ftirp.
234 1 f. page 334 w. 234.
237 14 f. Strath-Eme w. Strath-Erne,
240 penult. f. viſcorum w. viſcofum.
242 f. ramis, fubuniforis. w. ramis unifloris.
242 13 3 f. Strip. w. Stirp
242 ult. eraſe the comma after floribus.
243 25 put a comma after furrow'd.
248
5 f. intermix'd w. mix'd.
251 5 f. Sempervium w. Sempervivum.
251 7
f. Sempervium . Sempervivum.
253
19
f. bas w. baſi.
253
f.a w. at,
254 F. of flowers commonly three w. conſiſting
commonly of three flowers.
255 15
f. fomentofis w. tomentofis.
257 18 f. neighborhood w. neighbourhood.
260
25
fi triſpida w. hiſpida.
260 28 eraſe the comma after globoſis, and inſert one
after glabris,
262
f. hairs and w hairs or,
262
7.
f. pedunculiq. w. pedunculiſque.
262
19 F.emaginated w. emarginated.
264 14 f. Baugh w. Bauh,
264
f. fructicoſus w. fruticoſus.
265 15 Ư, Ger, cm. 10. Ger, em.
266
f. Ruflians w. The Ruffians,
269 8 f. intermix'd w. mix’d.
270
f.rgentea w. argentea.
273
22
16
oor our
23
2
.
2

ERRORS of the PRESSxxix
.
.
10
IO
.
か​。
13
308
326
326
326
326
Page Line,
273
f. in the ſea-ſcurvy w. for the ſea ſcurvy.
273
f. for to ſtrengthen w. to ſtrengthen.
275 8 f. Swardles w. Swardle.
277 IO f. Giſtus v. Ciftus.
278 I 2 f. lineari w. linearia.
280 ult. f. Bakwel w. Blakwel.
282 27 f. radicated w. radiated.
285 I 2 eraſe the comma after varies.
289 II f. Rinroſs-ſhire w. Kinroſs-ſhire.
294 24. f. hederaceous w. hederaceus.
300
f. baſs w. baſi.
307
13
f. left w. leaft.
9 f. aſtmatic w. aſthmatic.
313
8
f. folis w. foliis.
317 7 f. Rippis w. Kippis.
322 27 f. in a foliaceous w. in foliaceous.
325
19
f. hianttibus w. hiantibus.
3 f. 4-fictus w. 4-fidus.
6 f. labis w. labio.
18 f. embranched w, unbranched.
28 f. 5-fi&tus w. 5-fidus.
29 w. tunicata in Roman characters with a full
period after it.
330 17 f. Bank. w. Bauh,
330 28 after the word corollis w. obtufis,
331 3 f. Flax-glove w. Fox-glove.
f. lanceo w. lanceolate.
331 19 f. ſcorphulous w. ſcrophulous.
332 16 f. 2-bidus w. 2-fidus.
335
7 f. nians w. hians.
335 II f. Silig. w. Siliq.
336
ult. If. ficula w. filicula.
343 5. f. monntains w. mountains,
347 5 f. fubtrians w. ſubhians.
357 24 f. fructicoſo w. fruticoſo.
359 f. interg; w. interg;
363 6 f. alculine w. alkaline.
367 9 w. a hyphen between quinque and partito.
372 18 put a colon after the word between.
374 4 f. Stranguary w. Strangury.
380 23 f. clariculata w. claviculata.
385
8 eraſe the comma after ſpinis.
387
4 . .
f. gronnd w. ground.
391
326
331
IO
20

XXX
ERRORS of the PRESS.
2
I2
f
20
26
438
2
20
2
Page Line
391 I2 f. diphyllos w. diphyllis.
392
f. and ſome ſoils w. and in ſome ſoils.
393 ult. f. fix feet w. fix feet high.
394
5 f. each pinna w. each pinna.
394 27 f. greated branched w. greatly branched.
403 16
after the 16th line inſert the Engliſh name of
Bird's=foot Trefoil
.
411
erafe the comma after caulibus.
415 7
Trygina w. Trigyna.
415 8 f. androſcemum w. androfæmum ; and f. try-
gynis w. trigynis.
422
f. nodum w. nudum.
423 16 f. longiflia w. longiffima.
429 6
f. with a more w. with more.
431
3 f. may given w. may be given.
433 24 eraſe the comma after foliis.
434 17 f. growns w. grows.
434
f. Heracium w. Hieracium.
437 7 f. Piloſella w. Piloſellæ.
f. repenning w. ripening.
444
f. caniculatis w. canaliculatis.
f. fightly w. ſlightly.
15 w. two thirds of the way up it.
449
5 f. Serratule w. Serratula.
450 f piloſa w. piloſo.
450
f. pricked w. prickled.
452 17. f. ſpecific w. ſpecific.
6 f. fortaffe w. fortaſſe.
24 f. bracteæ w. bractea.
459 f. ſquarorſis w. ſquarroſis.
ult. f. pulæ w. paleæ.
15 w. from three to fix inches high.
f. feminieis w. femineis.
470
24 f. one plant w. on one plant.
477 6 f. Petafites w. Petafites.
478 4. f. ſudorific alexipharmic w. ſudorific and
alexipharmic.
19 f. fefile w. ſeſlile. .
f. radicated w. radiated.
3 f. tridente w. tridentated.
w. three or four feet high.
481
6. f. finnated w. finuated.
483
23 f. is little hairy w. is a little hairy.
4.89
10 f. membraneous w. membranaceous,
49
446
448
4
II
456
456
2
460
463
406
22
2
478
480
480
480
12

ERRORS of the PRESS.
xxxi
496
496
498
18
8
20
Page Line
490
13
for folidio write folidis.
490 15 f. partheniam w. parthenium.
:
495 II f. pinnatid w, pinnated.
23 f. Millifolium w. Millefolium.
28 f. Nobleſeed w. Noſebleed.
f. pinnatid w. pinnated.
502
f. unreguarded w. unregarded.
504 f. hemiſperical w. hemifphærical.
505 27 eraſe the word is.
506
19 f. Bractææ w. Bracteæ.
508
26 f. Mantrſs. w. Mantiſs.
27 f. Huller. w. Haller.
509 10 f. become w. becomes.
509
w. a comma after oval.
509
f. haxe w. have.
510 16
f. is w. it's.
512
f. ARIUM w. ARUM.
18 f. labis w. labio.
512 f. Sequier w. Seguier.
513
eraſe the comma after Nectarium.
522
5 f. Nidus cevis w. Nidus avis.
28
f. two petals w. the petals.
I 2 f. Tho w. The; and put a comma after the
word erect.
529 25 f. aſtmatic w. afthmatic.
508
II
21
IO
512
22
I 2
526
528
VOL. II.
535
538
538
too
10 If. ftraited w. ftrait.
4
eraſe the comma after Linnæus.
23 f. ſemineaq; w. femineaq;
539
8 f. fix w. fix.
543 24 f. blakiſh w. blackiſh.
544
15
w. a ſemicolon after top, and a comma after
two.
544
eraſe the letter c after the word conica.
544
26
eraſe the comma after the word communi-
cated.
551 penult. eraſe the period after non, and put a comma
after bene.
553 4. f. qnod w. quæ.
553 4 w. et before the prepoſition cum.
22
556

xxxii
ERRORS of the PRESS.
2
6
576
578
580
581
IO
22
25
11
603
Page Line
556
24
f. each w. each other.
557
5
eraſe the comma after capſilis.
564
2
w. a comma after erecta.
567 w. Benteſkerny.
572
eraſe the particle a before the word half.
575
9 eraſe the particle a after the word get.
17
after Grous w. and.
17
f. oppofitis w. oppofitis.
f. bigemis w. bigeminis.
26 f. aculioribus w. acutioribus, with a comma
after it.
583
4 f. beſids w. beſides.
589 15 f. grind w. grind it.
595
w. a comma after ſhining.
597
f. Baugh w. Bauh.
598 17 f. cylinrical w. cylindrical.
599
w.myrſinites.
599 15
w. Ben-Achalader.
603
13 f. continus w. continues.
25 f. agree w. agrees.
f. meior w. melior.
606 3 f. fubpilofis w. ſubpilofis.
.
608 13 w. a comma after the word ſoft.
618
f. unquent w. unguent.
14 f. 3-phillus w. 3-phyllus.
w. a comma after the word thin.
ult. f. fru&tificationes w. fru&tifications:
646
8 f. compofitis w. compofitis.
4 f. Equiſetrm w. Equiſetum.
ult. f. here w. here and there.
.
651 penult. f. tranſvſerely w. tranſverſely.
25 f. Mr. Stuart w. M*. Stuart.
f. ramifactions w. ramifications.
20 f. frondibns w. frondibus.
660
3 f. fparis w. fparfis.
660 5 w. a hyphen between the words cordato and
lingulatis.
661
f. Tonge w. Tongue.
663 f. Coygoch w. Coygach.
666
w. a comma after alternis.
668
27 f. lanulatis w. lunulatis.
681 25 eraſe the comma after Dunvororig.
682 9 f. of fine w. of a fine.
605
2
20
626
633
2
644
647
648
653
654
654
II
11
20
10
684

ERRORS of the PRESS.
xxxiii
684
ω.
686
693
694
697
697
12
20
718
14
718
Page Line
13
If a rind w. a kind.
.
684 penult. f. at the end w. at the head.
17 f. foliolis w. folioſis.
5 f. contralibus w. centralibus.
3 3 f. firſt w. firſt.
9 f. vaſculorum w. vaſculofam.
f. pedunculatumh w. pedunculatum,
698 14 f. fimplice w. fimplici.
702
f. anthera w.antheræ.
704. penult. w. a comma after the word burji.
708
27 f. fimplice w. fimplici.
711 25 eraſe the word pendulis, which is twice printed,
717 15. f. ſphericis w. fphæricis.
717 ult. f. fphærical e. fphærical.
w. inverted conical with a hyphen and not a
comma between them.
24 f. Gg. w. fig.
719
8 f. near a cylindrical w. nearly of a cylindri-
cal.
719
f. over, lower w. over, and lower.
723 17 f. fperculo w. operculo.
727 5 f. lente acuta w. lente aucta.
730
f. inviſible w. viſible,
733 9 eraſe the comma after ſurculis.
735 14 f. half an inch w. half an inch high,
737
w. a comma after thin,
738
17 w. a comma after remofis.
740 17 f. fimpliciſſia w. fimpliciffima.
740
26
f. lancelate w. lanceolate.
748
25 w. yellowiſh, green, with a hyphen and not
a comma between then..
749
f. qualiiy ev. quality.
755
w, and before the word arije.
756 4 f. erect if tufts w. erect if in tufts.
757 4 f. curved w.covered.
763 f. creep and ſhoot w. creep and ſhoot out.
767 f. they are not w. they are not fo.
767 f. their uſes w. it's uſes.
771
9
f. largeſt the w.largeſt of the.
771
f. alternately, pinnatew. alternately-pin-
IO
18
II
IO
12
10
IO
18
16
nate,
771
772
774
21
26 f. that genus w. this genus.
f. authera w.anthera.
fuſcous, green w. fuſcous-green.
с
10
775

xxxiv
ERRORS of the PRÉSS.
20
22
786
798
20
803
810
8.11
813
813
16
16
2
826
Page Line
775
ult. eraſe is covered, which is twice printed.
777 23 f. green granulated w.green-granulated porta
der.
779
eraſe the word have, which is twice printed.
780 f. one of the left.w. one of the leaſt.
784 27 f.greeniſh, black w.greeniſh-black.
9 Tf. peduncunlatis w. pedanculatis.
789 25 f. pinqui w. pingui.
793 17 f. fhining, green w. Mining-green.
797 penult. f. v. a comma after flat.
15 f. pale green w.pale-green color.
799
w. coronatum.
25 eraſe the comma after ſmooth.
23 f. cruſtaceous w. cruſtaceus.
7 f. greeniſh, yellow w. greeniſh-yellow.
7
f. either of a greeniſh w. either greeniſh:
eraſe the comma after thin.
816 4 w. a ſemicolon after cluſters.
816
eraſe the comma after glaucous.
824
14 f. over another w. over one another.
826
f. blackiſh, brown w. blackiſh-brown.
18- eraſe the comma after blue.
833
19 f. a pale glaucous w. pale glaucous.
838
eraſe the comma after ſwelled.
847
f. and it even w. and it is even.
ult. f. over another w. over one another.
861
f. pares w. paris.
881 19
eraſe the comma after two.
890 25
f. flightly w. ſlightly.
897
eraſe the comma after which.
904 5 eraſe the comma after dichotoma.
922
eraſe the comma after within.
924
w. a comma after diſtance.
937 8 f. J-Columb-kill w. I-Columb-kill.
945
w. an inch wide.
23 f. endiviæ folius w. endiviæfolius, as one
word.
960
23
f. FUCUUS, ULA W. FUCUS, ULVA.
971
4
eraſe the ſemicolon after ſingle.
977 ult. f. undiſtin&tly w. indiſtinctly.
984
w. a ſemicolon after root.
ult. f. J-Columb-kill w. I-Columb-kill.
1006 14 f. Creen w. Green.
1057 13 If. ochrolenca w. ochroleuca,
САТА.
12
12
857
21
11
22
I2
20
948
12
I000

(
xxxv)
CATALOGUE
OF
THE
FIGURE S.
+ 0 L. I.
Y OL.
BIRDS.
O
20.
Plate I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Page 17
SPREY.
Hooded Crow.
34. Knot. Hebridal Sandpiper.
35. Long-legg'd Plover.
40. Black Gull. Black-headed
Gull.
PLANTS.
VI.
.
Ranunculus reptans, p. 289.
in the frontiſpiece of the
firſt volume.
77. Pinguicula villoſa.
543. Carex pauciflora. p. 543.
vol. II.
Plate VII,
C 2

XXXVI
CATALOGUE of the FIGURES.
Plate VII. Page 134 Pulmonaria maritima.
a. The flower with its ca-
lyx.
6. The corolla opened in
order to ſhew the num-
ber and poſition of the
ſtamina.
VHI. 181. Anthericum calyculatum.
a. The flower expanded,
with the peduncle an-
nex'd.
124. Ruppia maritima.
IX. 183. Juncus trifidus.
186. Juncus triglumis.
X. 199. Epilobium alpinum.
242. Ceraſtium latifolium.
XI.
2:5. Arbutus alpina.
6. With flowers.
b. With fruit.
216. Arbutus uva urfi.
6. With flowers.
d. With fruit.
XIK
221. Saxifraga nivalis.
a. The corolla expanded
of the natural fize.
b. The two germina.
22 7. Silene acaulis.
Plate XIII.

CATALOGUE of the FIGURES.
xxxvii
Plate XIII. Page 266. Rubus chamamorus.
a. The plant in flower.
b. The fruit.
286. Thalictrum alpinum.
XIV.
321. Bartſia viſcofa.
Qe The calyx with the pil-
til in the centre,
b. A ſide view of the co-
rolla,
A front view of the
fame.
d. a front view of the up-
a
per lip.
e. A front view of the
lower lip.
f.g. front and poſtern views
of a magnified anthera
upon its filament, be-
fore it has diſcharged its
pollen.
h. i. The ſame as the two
laſt, after the anihera
has burft and diſcharged
its pollen through two
oval apertures.
k. The piſtil, conſiſting
of the germen, ſtyle,
and liigma.
Plate XV.

Xxxviii
CATALOGUE of the FIGURËS.
Plate XV. Page 347. Cardamine petræa.
353. Sifymbrium monenſe.
XYL 390. Orobus ſylvaticus.
a. The plant in flower.
b. The pods.
XVII.
401. Aſtragalus uralenſis.
XVIII. 434. Hieracium alpinum.
XIX. 448. Serratula alpina.
XX.
470. Gnaphalium dioicum.
471. Gnaphalium alpinum.
XXI.
505. Lobelia Dortmanna.
VOL. II.
Agroſtis pumila. App.p.1081.
to be placed in the frontiſ-
piece of the ad volume.
a. A ſingle flower magnified.
XXII. 520. Satyrium repens.
a. A fide view of the co-
rolla.
b. A front view of the ſame.
XXIII. 523. Ophrys corallorhiza in its
feeding ſtate.
a. The flower on its pea
duncle.
XXIV.
544. Carex incurva.
87. Schonus compreſſus. A va-
riety with a ſtalk nearly
round,

CATALOGUE of the FIGURES.
*xxix
round, and dark ferrugi-
neous glumes.
Plate XXV.Page 575. Betula nana.
XXVI. 826. a. Lichen plumbeus.
827
b. Lichen Burgeſfii.
c. Part of a leaf with a
ſhield magnified, in or-
der to repreſent diftinct.
ly the crown about the
rim of the ſhield.
XXVII. 933. Fucus palmatus.
XXVIII. 938. Fucus eſculentus.
a. A young leaf.
XXIX. 946. Fucus ligulatus.
XXX 949. Fucus prolifer.
a. A portion of the leaf of
the natural fize, ſhew-
ing diſtinctly its prolife-
rous manner of growth.
6. An extreme ſegment of
the fame leaf magnified,
ſhewing the warty fruc-
tifications, and a piece
of the Fluftra pilosa.
XXXI. 962. Fucus verticillatus.
1069. Lycoperdon nigrum.
XXXII. 964. Fucus pygmæus.
a. b. Leaves of the natu-
ral ſize,
S.A

CATALOGUE of the FIGURES.
C. A leaf of the natural
fize in fructification.
d. The extremity of one of
the ſegments magnified,
ſhewing diſtinctly the
fructifications.
e. A cluſter of the plant,
ſhewing its manner of
growth,
948. Fucus Endiviæfolius.
f. The plant of the natu-
ral ſize.
g. The extremity of one
of the ſegments mag-
nified, ſhewing the fruc-
tifications.
XXXIII. 974. Ulva laciniata,
A. The plant of its natus
ral fize.
e, The extremity of one
of the ſegments, fhewing
the minute ſeeds imbed-
ded in the membrane.
XXXIV. 975. Ulva dichotoma.
4. The plant of its natu-
ral fize.
6. The extremity of one
of the ſegments mag-
nified,

CATALOGUE of the FIGURES.
xli
nified, ſhewing its re-
ticulated ſubſtance, and
the ſuppoſed feeds im.
Append.
bedded in it.
PlateXXXV.P.1096. Siſon verticillatum,
A. A diminiſhed figure of
the plant.
b. The partial involucrum
a little magnified.
c. The corolla a little mag-
nified.
d. A feed a little magni-
fied.
e. A ſingle whirl of the
capillary foliola, of the
natural ſize,
The Second Volume begins at Page 531.
Claſs MONOECIA.
d

CUI 20 000IATO
o dit honia
basyon din bados
- court at si
Sirishad
in dote XX
26 oun bortis
also
... ។
sroolis toon
bain
ingen sluit c bot AS
son
or to fit A..
500 illi
on
150 g I de todo o 02
KOLOVOM asto

CLASS I. QUADRUPEDS.
I. HO O FED.
HORSE.
1. Generous.
Br. Zool. I. 1. Erse. Stallion, org each. mare
Lair, capul. gelding, each, mare. foal Searrach.
TH
\HE predominant color grey, or white;
ſmall in the highlands and iſlands :
the ſmalleſt in the iſle of Tirey and the Shet-
land iſles. James I. improved the breed of
his country by introducing horſes from Hun.
gery. Boethius, 352.
2. Als
Equus aſinus Lin. Syft. 100.
Aſs, Br. Zool. I. 11. Syn. quad. No. 3. Er. aſal.
A
SSES very rare in Scotland: none in the
North.
O X.
3. Domeſtic.
Ox, Br. Zool. I. 15. Syn. quad. No. 4.
Er Bull Tarbh. Cow. Bò, mart. Ox Damh. Calf. Laog).
Co
Ultivated in all parts; the great article
of trade in the North, and moſt of
hobb
* The animals marked thus * are alſo found in the iſlands.
B
the

(2)
20
the iſles : largeſt of the illand cattle thoſe of
Skie : often hornleſs in the highlands. Dur-
ing Winter feed on ſea-wrack, ſuch as tang,
&c. and tho' out of ſight of the ſea, will
regularly ſeek the ſhores 'at the receſs of the
tides. The ſtags of the iſlands do the ſame.
Wild.
NN
TONE at preſent found unconfined.
The offspring of the original breed
ſtill preſerved in the parks of Hamilton and
Drumlanrig; and alſo in that of Chillingham-
Caſtle, in Northumberland. Are of a milk-
white color; have black ears, muzzles and
orbits; horns fine, and bending out; ſlender
legs; very wild; and fy like deer at the
fight of man ; generally on full gallop : very
fierce, and dangerous when wounded, at-
tacking their aſſailant with great fury. Never
approach the cattle-yards, but when com-
pell’d by hunger in very ſevere weather :
always lie out; their hides on that account
tougher, and more valued by curriers than
thoſe of tame cattle. The carcaſs of an ox
of this kind weighs 38 ſtones Engliſh, of a
COW 28 ftones.
In Boethius's days wild everywhere : had
great manes ; I ſuppoſe long hair on their
necks and ſhoulders, like the wild bulls of
N. America; now have loſt that diſtinction :
ſeem to have been the ſame with the Biſontes
CH
jubati

(3
3)
jubati of Pliny, natives of Germany, but
which might have been common to the con-
tinent and our iſland. Sibbald ſays, that in
his time a wild white breed was found in the
Scottiſh hills, but differ'd not in form from
the common kind. Tame black cattle,
the iſle of Canay, have ſtill thin ftaring manes
along the top of their backs, which reach
from the neck up part of the tail:
SH E E P
4. Fleecy
Br. Zool. 1. 2ż. Syn.quad. No. 8.
Er. Ram Reithe. Ewe Caoro. Lamb uan. yearling oiſg
F Worth, as the violent rains difagree with
OUND all parts in
them : the fleeces of thoſe in the iſland of
Jura reniarkably fine, otherwiſe in general
coarſe : the beſt in the South : the wool
fold into the cloathing parts of Yorkſhire.
Multitudes of ſheep reared in Eſk-Dale, and
the other Dales : are a great article of com-
merce: much cheeſe made from their milk :
in general their faces and legs black; their
teeth in ſome places, as Boethius truly ſays, of
a gold color; that is to ſay covered with a
yellow pyritical cruft: I never happened to
meet with this accident in ſheep, but have
in thoſe of oxen feeding in certain meadows
in Blair-Athol.
Thia
B 2

( 4 )
The great horned ſheep of St. Kilda, men-
tioned by Boethius, may have been the
MUSIMON, Syn. quad. No. II.
GO A T.
5. Domeſtic
Domeſtic Goat, Br. Zool. I. 29, iv. tab. 99. Syn. quad. p.
14.
Er. He, Boc, Gaibbre. She, Gabbar. Kid, meann.
HE
ERDS of theſe animals common in
the highlands and iſlands : cultivated
for their milk : invalids reſort to Dunkeld,
and other places, in Summer, for the ſake
of drinking it medicinally : cheeſe often
made of it: the ſkins an article of com-
merce: the fleſh, in ſome of the illes, ſalted
for Winter proviſion.
DE E R.
6. Siag.
Stag, Br. 200l. I. 34. Syn, quad. No. 38.
Er, Damh-feidh. hind, Eilid, agh. calf. Laogha.
F
TOUND in a ſtate of nature over all the
Highlands, and in great herds : inhabits
alſo the iſles of Arran, Jura, Mull, Rum,
Skie, Harris and Lewis. Often grows to a
great ſize: I have heard of one, killed in
Braemar, that weighed 18 ft. Scotch. Is the
principal veniſon of the Highlands ; leſs coarſe
than

( 5 )
than thoſe confin'd in parks in S. Britain.
Is very deſtructive to corn : in Skie the far-
mer is obliged to watch his crop. The
Duke of Argyle has, in ſome parts of his
eſtate, humanely permitted the tenant to
deſtroy an animal ſo noxious to his labors.
7. Roe.
Roe, Br. Zool. I. 39. Syn. quad. No. 43.
Er. Boc-earba. doe, Maoilſeach, young, meann. yearling,
minnſeach.
FO
POUND in plenty from the wooded banks
of Lough-Lomond, to the foreſt near
Langwall in the S. of Cathneſs, in Mull
and in Skie. The ſkin and horns articles of
commerce. Brouze much : fond of the rubus
faxatilis, called in Scotland the roe-buck-berry.
The fawns, when taken, are with great diffi-
culty reared, eight out of ten dying.
8. Fallow,
Fallow deer, Br. Zool. I. 34. Syno quad. No. 37.
NO
TONE wild in Scotland ; confin'd to
parks, and not cominon : probably
introduced there from Denmark by James VI,
in his return from his viſit to that court in
1589; for Moyſes, a ſervant of his, mentions
in his memoirs, under the year 1586, that
his majeſty one morning paſſed over from
Leith to Falkland, and had along with him
a tame fallow deer, preſented to him by
the
B 3

(6)
Queen of England : a proof of its being a
great rarity at that time.
HO G.
9. Common
Br. Zool. I. 41. Sin. quad. No. 54,
Er, Boar, Torc. Sów, Muc. Pig, Uircein.
SCAR
CARCE in the highlands and iſlands,
from the difficulty of rearing them, by
reaſon of the want of acorns in one part of
the year, and grains from brewings, and
of other food, the reſt. Are deteſted by
highlanders : in the North moſtly cultivated
in Cathneſs; a ſmall fierce race, with long
pricked ears, high backs, long briſtles, and
Dender noſes : in that open country are te-
thered in every field. Much bacon exported
out of that county; alſo from the Orknies.
11. DIGITATED QUADRUPEDS.
D G
10. Faithfuil
Er. Dog Malagh Cù. Bitch Galladh. Whelp Cuilean.
THE
THE more ſingular varieties found in
Scotland, are the
HighlondGre-hound ; now rare : is large,
trong, deep chefted, and covered with very
long

( 7 )
long and rough hair : was in great vogue in
old times, and uſed in great numbers by
the chieftains in their magnificent huntings.
Is the kind Boethius calls, genus venaticum cùm
celerrimum, tam audaciſſimum. Er. mial-chu.
Terrier. The breed in the iſle of Skie par-
ticularly good : much encouraged in moſt
parts, for the deſtruction of foxes. Er.
Abbas
Blood-bound. Now in diſuſe; formerly
much cultivated, eſpecially on the borders,
where it gave ſurprizing inſtances of its faga-
city, purſuing and detecting robbers and mur-
derers, even after a flight of ſeveral miles.
Inhabitants on the Engliſh borders were
bound to keep ſo many dogs of this kind in
every diſtrict. They were called Slough or
Slothe hounds, from their following the ſlot
or track of men or cattle.
21. Fox,
Br. Zool. I. 58, 3d el. No. 11. Syn. quad. No. 112.
Er. Sionnach, Ba gaire.
WARMS in many of
S lands : fo deftructive to theep as to oblige
the farmer to houſe them at night; will kill
even goats. Ale not to be extirpated, by
reaſon of the vaſt rocks and mountains.
None in the Orkney or Shetland iſles, nor in
any of the Hebrides, except Skie.
С А Т.

( 8 )
C A T.
12 Tame,
Domeſtic Cat, Br. Zool. I. 45, E. Piſeag.
Culi
Ultivated every where. In ſuperſtitious
days the favorite form aſſum'd by
witches. Vide witches of Thurſo, Tour in
Scotland.
Wild.
Br. Zool. I. 47. Syn. quad. No. 133.
Er. Cat-fbiadhaich.
BOUNDS in all parts of the highlands,
and in ſome of the illes. Moft de-
ſtructive to game.
A
B A D G E R.
13, Common.
Br. Zool. I. 64, iv. tab. 100. Syn. quad. No. 142.
Er. Broc.
FOUND
FOUND in ſeveral parts of Scotland;
none in the iſlands.
WEES E L.
34. Fitchet.
Br. Zool, I. 77. Syn. quad. No. 152.
Er. Foclan.
INI
(Nhabits moſt parts of the main land,
and the iſle of Bute.
15. Pine-martin.

(9)
15. Pine-mar-
Br. Zool. I. 81. Er. Taghan.
tin.
TH
HIS fpecies is found in the pine-foreſts,
and takes poſſeſſion of the holes made
by woodpeckers. Is diſtinguiſhed from the
other by it's yellow throat, and having the
fineſt fur.
16. Mertrick.
Martin, Br. Zool, I. 79. 3d ed. No. 15, Syn. quad. No.
154
WOUND in many parts of Scotland ; and,
Faccording to Martin, in Harris
.
17. Stoat.
Br. Zool. I. 84, iv. tab. 101. Syn.quad, No.151.
Cºd
YOMMON in Scotland. In the highlands
commonly turns white, or becomes in
the Winter an Ermine. Inhabits alſo Ilay,
perhaps other iſles.
18. Weefel.
Br. Zool. I. 82, iv. tab. 101. Syn.quad. No. 150
Whitred, Lib. Scot. 11. Er. Neas.
Saw it in a white ſtate in the iſle of Ilay :
a common accident in Sweden, where
it is called Snomus.
IS
OTT ER.

( 10 )
0 T TE R.
19. Otter.
Br. Zool. I. 67, iv. tab. 100. Syn. quad. No. 173-
Er. Dòran, Dòr-chù, madagh donn.
VERY
ERY common in Scotland ; abounds
in the Hebrides, the Orknies, and in
Shetland; in the laſt are called Tikes. A
{mall trade is carried on with their ſkins,
which are ſold from 45. to 6s. a-piece.
Sibbald * ſpeaks of a great kind, which
he calls the ſea-otter ; and ſays is larger, and
has rougher fur than the other : probably
only a variety ; perhaps the Latax of Ari-
ſtotle. Vide Br. Zool. I. 69.
H A RE.
80. Commom.
Br. Zool. I. 87. Syn. quad. No. 184.
Er. maigheach, Gearr-fbiadh.
F.
"REQUENT in all parts of Scotland':
found in the iſle of Bute : none in Arran :
in the iſle of Ilay a ſmall fort, dark colored,
and a bad runner. The other iſlands de
ſtitute of hares.
* Hyt. Fife, 4,9
21 Alpine

(1)
21. Alpine
I
Tour in Scotland, 2d ed. Ph. Tr. 4, vii. p. 343. Syn quada
No. 184.
Er. maigheach gheal, moigheach mbonai.
Nhabits the ſummits of the higheſt high-
land hills, along with the Ptarmigans.
Is leſs than the common hare, of a grejer
color, or leſs ferruginous : a bad runner i
often ſtops ſuddenly in the midſt of its
courſe : when purſued ſhelters beneath the
looſe ſtones, or in clifts of rocks : never de
ſcends into the plains, or mixes with the
common hare, which is frequent at the bot-
toms of the ſame hills. In Winter turns white,
the tips of the ears excepted ; in Spring
reſumes it's grey color : the ears ſhorter, the
hind feet longer, in proportion, than thoſe
of the common hare : the hair much longer
and thicker than in the latter, to protect it
againſt the ſeverity of the cold.
22. Rabbet.
Br. Zool. I. 90. iv. tab. 47, 3d ed. No. 22. Syn. quad,
No. 186.
Er. Coinean.
IN
Nhabits all the iſlands, even the rock of
Ailſa : : found in the Orknies in myriads.
They cauſe great ſhifting of the ſands, by
burrowing in them ; but the value of their
ſkins (a great article of commerce there)
ſcarce counterbalances the damage. This
animal,

( 12 )
animal, the otter, brown rat, mouſe, fetid-
ſhrew, and ſeal, are the only quadrupeds of
the Orknies, except the domeſtic.
S . U 1 R R E L.
23. Common.
Br. Zool. I. 93. Syn. quad. No. 206.
Er. Fedrag
CARCE in Scotland : a few in the woods
of Strathſpey.
R
A
T.
24. Black.
Br. Zool. I. 97. Syn. quad. No. 226. Er. Radan.
INCE
Nterdicted Sutherland; but ſwarms in
Cathneſs and Roſshire. Vide Tour in
Scotland.
24. Brown,
Norway rat, Br. 200l. I. 99. Syn. quad. No. 227.
INI
Ntroduced here within theſe 60 years :
place uncertain, found as far as the Ork-
nies.
26. Water.
Br. Zool. I. 101. Syn. quad. No. 228.
27. Mouſe.
Rr. Zool. I. 105, iv. tab. 102. Syn. quad. No. 229.
Er. Luch-Thighe.
28 Short-tailed

( 13 )
28. Short-tail-
ed Mouſe.
Br. Zool. I. 104. Syn. quad. No. 233.
Er. Luch-mbonaidb.
29. Field-M.
Br. Zool. I. 103. Syn. quad. No. 230.
... 103. Sau
S H R E W.
30. Fætid.
Br. Zool. I. 112. Syn. quad. No. 235-
Er. Dallag an fhraoich.
31. Water.
Br. Zool. iv. tab. 102. Syn. quad. No. 236.
Er. Luch-uiſque.
LAVELLAN of ſome places : ſuppoſed to
be noxious to cattle.
M OL E.
32. European
Br. 2001. I. 108. Syn. quad. No. 241.
Er. Famh, Uir-reathabh.
A
MONG the iſles only in Bute : a praiſe
to it's ſoil.
U R C H I N.
33. Common.
Br. Zool. I. 106. Syn.quad. No. 247.
Er. Gràineog
A .
N innocent animal ; ſhould be freed
from perſecution. Not found be-
yond

(14)
yond the Tay; perhaps not beyond the
Forth.
III. PINNATED QUADRUPEDS.
S E AL
34. Great.
Syn, quad. No. 266.
A
BOUT the rock Hiſkyr, and other
parts of the Scottiſh coaſt.
"
35. Common
:
Br. Zool. I. 71, iv. tab. 48. Syn. quad. No. 265.
Er. Ron.
SWA
WARM amidſt the iſles and all the
coaſts. In ſome places the ſkins and
oil an article of commerce. The WALRUS,
Syn. quad. No. 263, mentioned by Sibbald,
among the Scottiſ animals, is now unknown.
IV. WINGED QUADRUPEDS.
Β Α Τ.
36. Common.
Br. 2001. I. 114. Syn, quad. No. 291.
Er. Altag, Dieltag
37. Long-eared.

( 15 )
37 Long-eard
Br. Zool. I. 116. iv. tab. 103. Syn. quad. No, 2929
EXTINCI QUADRUPEDS.
WOLF, madagh alluidh, a peſt to the
flocks in N. Britain in James VIth's
time: the laſt killed about the year 1680.
Br. Zool. I. 61.
BLAR; Caledonian bears exported to Rome
on account of their ſuperior fierceneſs*.
They continued in Scotland 'till A. D. 1057)
when Malcolm III. permitted a Gordon to
carry three bears heads in his banner, for his
proweſs in deſtroying one that made great
gavages in the country.
* Br. Zool. I. 63.
CLASS

( 16 )
CLASS I. BIRD S.
Mas
.2013LIUS
Div. I. LAND-BIRDS.
bolo
HV 2
I. RAPACIOUS.
FALCON.
38. Black-Ea.
Ringtail Eagle, Br. Zool. I. 124. Er. Joluir-dhubb.
gle,
Con
OST deſtructive to deer, white hares,
OTTI
and ptarmigans: has almoſt deſtroyed
Se .
the deer of the iſle of Rum. In Runnoch
ned eagles were, a few years ago, ſo very nume-
rous, that the commiſſioners of the forfeited
eſtates offered a reward of five ſhillings for
every one that was deſtroyed: in a little time
ſuch numbers were brought in, that the Ho-
nourable Board reduced the premium to three
ſhillings and fixpence: but an advance in
proportion as theſe birds grew ſcarcer, might
in time perhaps effected their extirpation.
Ravens and hooded-crows are the jackals
to eagles: the croak of the raven, or the
aſſemblage of the crows about a carcaſs, is
certain of bringing an eagle to the ſpot, as
the perſons who ſhoot thoſe birds for fake of
the rewards teſtify.
a
39. Sea-E.

UNG

I,
Cuprey Boy
P. 17.
.
WE ARE
Moses Griffiths dol.
P. Mardlaculp

( 17 )
39 Sea-E.
Br. Zool. I. 126, iv. tab. 51.
BR
REEDS in ruined towers in the iſlands
of the lakes ? deſerts them in Winter.
1
A
†
40 Cinereous
E.
Erne, Br. Zool. I. 131, tab. iii.
IN
TN the Orknies is a kind with only the root
of the tail white: perhaps a young
bird.
:
Oſprey.
Br. Zool. I. 128. Er. Jolair' -uiſg'.
41 Gyr-falcon
Br. Zool. I. 135, tab. iv.
el
42 Peregrine-
Br. Zool. I. 136, iv. tab. 52.
falcon.
A Trained bird of this ſpecies
, with bells,
and ſilver rings to the taſſels, inſcribed
Kilrie Angusſbire, was taken near my houſe,
Sept. 26, 1772, about ten o'clock in the
morning; and which eloped from it's maſter
the 24th of the ſame month.
TOM
43 Gentil-fi
Br. Zool.iv. tab i.ii.
BAN
REEDS in the rocks near Invercauid,
and in Glen-more. Trained for the chaſe.
In you
A. Animals marked thus t are alſo found in the Orknies.
с
44. Goſhawk.

( 18 )
44 Goinawk.
Br. Zool. I. 140. tab. v.
abant
BREEDS in the foreſts of Invercauld.
2014
45 Kite.
Br. Zool. I. 141. Er. Clamhan gabhlach, Croman-bchas.
Br. Zool. I. 143, iv. tab. 53. Er. An Clamhan.
46 Common-
Buzzard.
ago
47 Moor-B.
Br. Zool. I. 146, iv. tab. 5. Bog Gled Sibbald.
+
48 Hen-har-
rier.
Br. Zool. I. 147. Er. An teun fionn. Hen-harrier, or fem.
Brèad-air-toin.
Br. Zool. I. 149.
49 Keftril.
Br. Zool. I. 150.
50 Hobby
vibochelle
Br. 2001. I. 151. Er. Speir-fheog.
t
51 Sparrow-
Hawk.
Br. Zool. I. 153.
52 Merlin,
O W L
+ Eared.
53 Eagle.
Br. Zool. iv. 10, tab. 6.
HA
AS been ſhot in Fifeſhire : perhaps a
1 migrant from Norway.
54 Long-cared.

( 19 )
+
54 Long-card
B. Zool. I. 155.
IN the mainland; and alſo in the Orknies.
;
55 Short-card
Br. Zool. I 156.
OFTEN ſeen in Scotland, breeding in the
heath : obferved there by Mr. Lee,
nurſeryman at Hammerſmith,
** With plain heads.
S6 White.
Br. Zool. I. 57:
.
Er. Cailleach oi che gheal.
+
57 Brown,
Br. Zool. I. 159.
Er. Cumhachag cailleach oi'che, coileach oi'che,
bo
FREQUENT alſo in the hills of Hoy, in
the Orknies ?
58 Tawny
Br. Zool. I. 158.
be
I Could not learn that any ſpecies of owl
was known in the Hebrides, or in Weſt
Roſsſhire.
S H R I K E.
super
59 Great.
Br. Zool. I. 161. iv. tab. 7.
C2
II, PIES

(20)
II. P I E S.
ziu odani dhe breasts
CROW.
+
60 Raven.
Br. Zool. I. 166. 1
Er. Fitheach.
ad at anbod bolto'ni O
14. vd snodi bado por
61 Crow.
Br. Zool. I. 167, iv, tab.
54.
62 Rook.
Br. Zool. I. 168.
.ab. Er. Creumhach, Ròcus.
+
63 Hooded.
Br. Zool. I. 169.
Er. Feannag.
:
al Continues in Scotland the whole year : the
i Ko to allid odore
only ſpecies in the iſlands, and great
part of the highlands : grows ſcarcer the
nearer we approach the South : keeps in
pairs, except for ſometime after the breeding
ſeaſon: is moſt affectionate to its mate: one
{wo o 20.00
20
that had been ſhot was hung by the legs in a
tree not remote from the neſt; it's compa-
nion, after a ſhort abſence, returned, and
perching over the dead body, obſerved it at-
tentively, as if expecting it's revival ; at
length, in a windy day, the corps being put
in motion, and ſometimes ſwung quite hori-
zontal, the ſurviving bird, deceived by the
motion, deſcended to it, kept Auttering by
W ni 10
It

II
P
Hooded Crone.
1
P. Marell sculp

OF
MICH

( 21 )
it for a conſiderable time, endeavouring to
affiſt in it's releaſe, uttering a melancholy
ſcream; 'till finding all it's attempts in vain,
at length retired, without ever returning to
it's uſual haunts.
3 HATI
64 Magpie.
Br. Zool. I: 171.3
Er, Pioghaid,
65 Jay.
Br. Zool. I. 172.
Er. Scriachag-choille.
*
+
66 Jackdaw.
Br. Zool. I. 175, iv. tab. 54.
Er. Cathag
67 Red-lega
Br. Zool. I. 197, iv. tab. 58.
Er. Cathag dhearg-chaſach.
CUCKO O.
0
+
68 Cuckoo.
Br. Zool I. 182, iv. tab. 55.
Er. Guthag, Cuach.
o lo loro ni v
ni VUD
Dom napot WR Y NE C K.
YN
69 Wryneck.
Br. Zool. I. 181. iv, tab. 55.
WOODPECKER.
70 Green.
Br. Zool. I, 176.
Er. Laſair choille.
C3
71 Great-ſpotted

( 22 )
Br. Zool. I. 178.
71 Great
ſpotted.
72 Leſs-ſpot Br. Zool. I. 180. iv. tab. 12.
ted.
KINGFISHER.
Br. Zool. I. 187. iv. tab. 56.
73 Kingfiſher
H Η Ο Ο Ρ Ο Ε.
74 Hoopoe.
Br. Zool. I 195. iv. tab. 57.
CRE E P E R.
75 Creeper.
Br. Zool. I. 193. iv. tab. 57.
III. GALLINACEOUS.
GRO U Š.
yó Great.
Cock of the Wood, Br. Zool. I. 199.
Er. Capul coille.
FOUND in the foreſts N. of Loch-neſs,
but rarely : once frequent in moſt of
the highland fir-woods.
77 Black.
Black Cock, Br. Zool. I. 201.
Er. male, coileacb dubh, fem. Liath-cheare.
+
28 Red.
Grous, Br. Zool. I. 204. iv. tab. 13.
Er, male, coileach ruagh. fem. Cearc-fbraoicb.
79 Ptarmigan.
C 3.

( 23 )
79 Ptarmigan
Br. Zool. I. 206. iv. tab. 13.
Er. Tarmachan, Tarmonach.
80 Partridge.
Br. Zool. I. 208.
Er. coleach-tomzin, fem. Ceare-thomair.
81 Quail.
Br. Zool. I. 209.
THI
HE buſtard, according to Boethius, was
ſometimes, but rarely, found in the
Merch; and at that time called Gustarde : it
ſeems at preſent unknown in N. Britain.
Poultry are found plentifully in moſt of
the iſlands: peacocks ſucceed very well, as
I obſerved in Collonſa.
IV. COLUMBI N E.
PI G Ε Ο Ν.
t
82 Common.
Br. Zool. I. 216. iv. tab. 8.
Er. Caluman.
VERY numerous in a wild ſtate in the
a
cliffs, impending over the ſea, in many
of the iſles. In Ilay I have ſeen their dung
got with vaſt hazard out of the deep chalins
on the Weſt ſide of the iſland, by means of
a perſon who is lowered down to the bottom
by

( 24 )
by a rope. The dung lies many feet thick,
is drawn up and uſed ſucceſsfully as a ma-
nure,
83 Ring dove
Br. Zool. I. 221.
Er. Smudan, caluman-fiadhaiche
V. P ASS ER I N E.
S T A R E.
84 Stare.
Br. Zool. I. 231. iv. tab. 61.
Er. Druit.
BREED in great numbers in the cliffs of
Arran, and other iſles.
T H R U SH.
85 Miffel.
Br. Zool. I. 223.
86 Fieldfare.
Br. Zool. 225
Er. Liatruiſg
NEith
TEither fieldfare nor redwing breed in
Scotland ; rarely ſeen in the iſles : come
accidentally to the Orknies.
;
+
87 Throftle.
Br. Zool. I. 226.
Er. Smearache
38 Redwing

( 25 )
88 Redwing.
Br. Zool. I. 227,
+
89 Blackbird.
Br. Zool. I. 228. iv. tab 60.
Er. Lon-dubb.
A Variety about Killin, with a black bill.
90 Ring-ouzel
Br. Zool. I. 229, iv, tab. 61.
Er. Dubh-chraige.
91 Water-
230.
Br. Zool I.
Er. Gobh'-uilg, Gobha-dubh.
ouzel.
CH A T T E R E R.
92 Bohemian
Br. Zool. I. 1734
VISITS annually the neighborhood of
Edinburgh during Winter, and feeds on
nina
to the berries of the mountain-aſh. Diſappears
with in Spring.
cogno
GR O S B E A K.
93 Pine.
Br. Zool. iv. iv. tab. 64.
I Nhabic
Nhabits the great pine-foreſts of Aberdeen-
Shire.
94 Croſsbill.
Br. Zool. I. 279. iv. eab. 64.
95 Bull-finch.

( 265
95 Bull-finch.
Br. Zool. I. 299.
Er, corcan coille, Deargan fraoich.
96. Green.
Greenfinch, Br. Zool. I. 301,
Er. Glaifeun-darach.
BU N T 1 N G.
+
97 Common
Br. Zool. I. 318.
Er. Gealag bhuachair.
98 Yellow.
Yellow-Hammer, Br. Zool. I. 319. iv. tab. 11.
Er. Buidheag-bhealai.
99 Reed.
Reed-Sparrow, Br. Zool. I. 320.
+
100 Snow.
Snowfleck, Br. Zool. iv. tab. vi.
Er. Eun an-t-ſneachdai.
A Few breed on the ſummits of the higheſt
mountains ; but the greateſt part mi-
grate from the N, appear firſt in the Orknies,
thence reach Cathneſs, but frequently num-
bers fall wearied into the ships that are paſ.
ſing the Pentland-Firth. Arrive very lean,
,
but ſoon fatten: they probably come from
Spitzbergen, Greenland and Iceland, forced
from thence by the Winter : and they are,
in Scotland, obſerved to precede hard weather.
FINCH.

( 27 )
F I N C
NCH
H.
101 Goldfinch
Br. Zool. I. 303.
102 Chaffinch
Br. Zool. I. 306.
Er. Bricean-beatha.
Br. Zool. 307.2
103 Bramb-
ling.
+
104 Sparrow,
Br. Zool. I. 300. iv. tab. 65.
Er. Gealbban,
IN
the Orknies infeſt the corn by thouſands.
+
103 Linnet.
Br. Zool. I. 311.
106 Red.
headed.
Br. Zool. I. 312. iv. tab. 67.
Br. Zool. I. 313. iv. tab. 67.
107 Leffer
red-headed.
+
108 Mountain
Br. Zool. I. 315. iv. tab. 66.
FLY - CATCHER.
tog Spotted.
Fly-catcher, Br. Zool. I. 264.
L A R K
+
110 Sky
Br. Zool. I. 233. iv. tab. 62.
Er. Uileag.
111 Wood.

( 28 )
In Wood.
Br. Zool. I. 236.
Er. Kiabhag-choille.
.
.
112 Tit.
Br. Zool. I. 237.
Er. Rhiabhag-mhonaidh, Glais-eun,
113 Field.
Br. Zool. ). 238.
28
.
W AGT AI L.
* †
114 White.
ori
Br. Zool, I. 275. iv. tab. 62.
Er. Breac-an-t-fil.
+
115 Yellow.
Br. Zool. I. 276. iv. tab. 62.
316 Grey.
Br. Zool. I. 277.
- I not
W A R B L E R S.
* With tails of one color. sienelor
117
Redſtart.
Br. Zool. II. 259
Er. Ceann-dearg
Epood
* +
118 Red-
breaft.
Br. Zool. II. 260.
Er. Broinn-dearg.
119 Black-cap
Br. Zool. II. 262.
320 Hedge-

( 29 )
120 Hedge.
IL!
Hedge-Sparrow, Br. Zool. II. 265.
121 Yellow
แ
Br. Zool. II. 266.
M
R. Latham, of Dartford, in Kent,
,
ſhewed me a ſmall bird, ſhot in the
highlands ; perhaps only a variety of this
ſpecies : front and underſide a fine pale yel-
2 low; wings of a yellowiſh white; back and
tail pale brown.
122 Golden
creſted,
Golden creſted wren, Br. Zool. II. 267.
Cont
Ontinues about Edinburgh throughout
the year : croſſes annually to the Shet-
land iſles in Summer; breeds, and returns
,
before Winter : a long flight for ſo ſmall a
bird, the Orknies, the neareſt land, being
ſixty miles diftant.
2
123 Wren.
Br. Zool. II. 268.
Er. Dreathann.
124 Sedge.
Willow lark, Br. Zool. II. 241. iv. tab. X.
* * With tails of two colors,
Br. Zool. II. 269. IS
125 Wheats
ear.
1 26 Winchet.

(30)
126 Winchet.
Br. Zool. II. 271.
127 Stone
Br. Zool. II. 272.
Er. Cloichearan.
chat.
128 White-
throat.
Br. Zool. II. 274.
SITI TM
T I TM OU SE.
129 Great.
Br. Zool. II. 324. iv. tab. 68.
130 Blue.
Br. Zool. II. 325. iv. tab. 68.
ons de
131
Cole.
Br. Zool. II. 326. iv. tab. 68.
Er. Cailcheag cheann dubh.
od
Br. Zool. II. 327)
132 Long-
tailed.
Main
SW A L L O W.
#t
133 Houſe.
Br. Zool. II. 242. iv. tab. 9.
Er. Gobblan gaoithe.
Br. Zool. II. 2436
134 Martin.
f
135 Sand.
Br. Zool. II. 244.
Er. Gobhlan.gainblich.
136 Swift,

(31)
136 Swift.
Br. Zool. II. 245. iv. tab. 9.
GOAT SUCK E R.
137 Goat.
Br. Zool. II. 246. iv, tab. 63.
fucker.
SEEN as far North as the banks of Locb-
mari.
Div. II. WATER-FOWL.
VII. W AD ER S.
H E R O N.
138 Common
Br. Zool. II. 339. fem. 340. tab. vi.
Er. Corra-riathach. Corra-ghlas.
GRE:
"REAT numbers breed in the iſland in
Loch-Guirm, in Ilay.
139 Bittern.
Br. Zool. II. 342.
Er. Bubaire.
CUR LE W.
t
140 Curlew.
Br. Zool. II. 346. tab. viii.
Er. Guilbeunasb. in Scotch, whaps.
141 Whimbre!

( 32 )
141 Whim
brel.
Br. Zool. II. 347. iv. tab. 70.
BREEDS in the heath of the highland
hills, near Invercauld.
S Ν Ι Ρ Ε.
*to nad 1107.3 1.2
142 Wood
Br. Zool. II. 348. iv. tab. 14.
cock.
Er. Coilleach-coille, Crom-nan duilleag.
THESE birds appear in flights on the
E. coaſts of Scotland, about the end of
I WO OEtober, and ſometimes ſooner; if fooner it
is a certain ſign of the Winter being early
2 2
2 ST and ſevere; if later, that the beginning of
the Winter will be mild. Woodcocks make
wita
a very ſhort ſtay on the E. coaſts, owing to
their being deſtitute of wood; but ſome of
them reſort to the moors. They continue
al brunt och i arriving in ſucceſſion for near a month, and
od
a
in every county in Scotland (where they are
found) fly regularly from Eaſt to Weſt.
Appear about Taymouth, which is pretty
central, in the beginning or middle of No-
vember; continue there in plepty 'till the
middle or latter end of March, according to
W the mildneſs or rigor of the ſeaſon, and then
diſappear at once. They do not reach the
coaſts of Nether-Lorn, the Weſt coaſt of Ar-
gyleſpire, 'till December or January. Wood-
cocks are very rarely ſeen in Cathneſs; they
ſeem
of the
3

( 33 )
ſeem to gradually decline in numbers towards
the N, and N. Weft: are uncommon in the
iſle of Lewis ; and Mr. Low acquaints me,
that they are ſo ſcarce in the Orknies, that he
does not remember that above one or two
have been ſhot there. It does not appear
that they breed in any part of North-Britain.
143 Redfhanks
Br. Zool. II. 368. iv, tab, 14.
* t
144 Snipe.
Br. Zool. II. 358. iv. tab. 71.
Er. Eén-ghurag, Croman-lòin, mennan-aidhir.
145 Jack.
Bť. Zool. II. 359. iv. tab. 71.
. . . .
S A N D P 1 PERS:
*t
146 Lapwing.
Br. Zool. II. 360.
Er. Curcag, adharean-luachrach.
147 Grey.
Grey Plover, Br. Zool. II. 362.
148 Knot.
Br. Zool. II. 366.
149 Aſh-co-
lor'd.
Br. Zool. II. 367.
150 Red
Br. Zool. iv. tab. 72. This perhaps a young bird, or và
riety?
BILL Nender, and black : head, back, leffer
coverts of the wings, and the ſcapulars,
D
dull

( 34 )
dull ferruginous, ſpotted with black : the
greater coverts tipt with white : quil feathers
duſky, exterior edge of ſome of them white :
breaſt reddiſh brown, mixed with dulky :
belly and vent white : tail cinereous : two
middle feathers the largeſt : legs black.
Communicated by the late Doctor David
Skene, of Aberdeen.
151 Torn.
Br. Zool. II. 370.
ftone.
* †
152 Hebridal
Tringa interpres. Lin. N. 248. Faun. fuec. No. 178.
Edw. 141.
SIZE of a thruſh : forehead, throat and
belly white : breaſt black : neck ſur-
rounded with a black collar; from thence
another bounds the ſides of the neck, and
paſſes over the forehead: head, and lower
part of the neck behind, white; the firſt
ſtreaked with dulky lines : back ferruginous,
mixed with black : coverts of the tail white,
croſſed with a black bar : tail black, tipt
with white : coverts of the wings cinereous
brown; the lower order edged with white :
primaries and ſecondaries black; the ends
of the laſt white: tercials ferruginous and
black : legs rather thort, and of a full
orange.
Br. Zoot. II. 373.
163 Common
154 Dxnlin.

P. 34
III
Knut. Ne
N 148
Jamie
co
pale watu
個
​Hebridel Sandpiper. N° 152
.
P. Mazel sculp
Moses Grifths de

Shy
W

11330

IV
.
Lang Logid Rover
N°157. P. 35.
MWINY
2013
Moses Griffithi del.
P. Mazell sculp

( 35 )
154 Dunlin.
Br. Zool. II. 374
* †
155 Purre.
Br. Zool. II. 374. iv, tab. 16,
PL O V E R
+
156 Green,
Br. Zool. II. 379. iv. tab. 72.
Er. Feadag.
BREEDS on all the heathy hills of the
iſlands and highlands.
157 Long
leg'd.
Br. Zool. II. 380. Sib. hift. Scot. lib. III. 18. tab. xi, xiii.
158 Dottrel.
Br. Zool. II. 381. iv. tab. 73.
Er. Amadar-moistich,
BREEDS on ſeveral of the
on ſeveral of the highland hills:
+
159 Collar'd.
Sea Lark. Br. Zool. II. 383.
Er. Trileachan-Iraighe.
OYSTER CATCHER
†
260 Pied.
Br. Zool. II. 376.
Er. Gille-bride.
RAIL
161 Water.
Br. Zool. II. 385. iv. tab. 74.
D.2
GALLI

( 36 )
G A L L I N U L E.
* †
162 Crake.
Land-rail, Br. Zool. II. 387. iv. tab. 74.
Er. Gearradb-gort, Treun-re-Treun.
L63 Common
Water-hen, Br. 200l. II. 388. iv. tab. 76.
VII. PINNATED FEET.
P H L A R 0 P E.
+
164 Grey.
.
Br. Zool. II. 390. iv. tab. 75,
+
165 Red.
Br. Zool. II. 391. iv. tab. 75.
BOTH theſe ſpecies are ſuppoſed to breed
in the Orknies, having been ſhot there
in the Summer.
со о
T.
166 Common
Br. Zool. Il. 392. iv, tab. 76.
.
Br. Zool. II. 393
167 Great.
G
R E B E.
168 Geneva.
Grebe, Br. Zool. II. 395. iv. tab. 17.
IT'S ſkin of great value for the making of
muffs and tippets.
169 Eared.

( 37 )
169 Eared,
Leller-creſted Grebe, Br. Zool. II. 396, iv, tab. 77
+
170 Duſky.
White and duſky Grebe, Br. Zool. II. 397, iv. tab. 17.
171 Little.
Br. Zool. II. 398.
Er. Spag-re-toin.
172 Black
Br. Zool. iv. tab. 77.
chinned.
L
ARGER than the laſt : upper part of the
body brown: chin marked with a large
black ſpot: neck ferruginous: the hind part
mottled with duſky feathers : belly aſh-co-
lor'd and ſilvery.
VIII. WEB-FOOTED.
A U U K.
*
173 Great.
Br. Zool. II. 401. iv. tab. 18. Martin's St. Kilda 27. Ma-
cauley's 156.
Sonce
Ometimes viſits St. Kilda's, and breeds
there; not a regular migrant. Called
there Gair-fowl, from Geyr-fugl, the name it
is known by in Iceland, where they are com-
mon; from whence, or from Norway, they
may probably wander.
D 3
174 Razorăbi

( 35 )
+
174 Razor-bill
Br. Zool. II. 403, iv. tab. 19.
Er. Coltraiche.
175 Black
Br. Zool. II. 404.
billed.
+
176 Puffin,
Br. Zool. II. 405.
Er. Fachach. 'Tom-noddy in the Orknies.
177 Little.
Br. Zool. II. 406. iv, tab. 19.
GUI L L E M O T.
178Guillemot
Br. Zool. II. 410.
Er. Gearadh-breac, Eun-dubh--chrùlain.
THE
9 bos
THESE birds, and the razor-bills, are
taken in great numbers in the more
diſtant rocks of the Hebrides
, for fake of
their feathers, which are ſold for ſix or ſeven
ſhillings per ſtone : their eggs are alſo a great
article of food, attained with vaſt hazard,
either by climbing, or by being ſuſpended
by a rope from above, at a ſtupendous
height over a raging ſea. This is a method
common to moſt of the maritime northern
nations : Pontoppidan, in his hiſtory of
Norway, and Clauſon, in his account of
the ſame country, give amazing accounts
of the manner in which the inhabitants
obtain their ovarious food. In like way
the natives of the Hebrides annually riſque
their

(39)
their necks in ſearch of proviſion for their
children and families : whereas in ſeveral
parts multitudes are reduced to the neceſſity
of watching the receſs of the tides to pick
up a ſcanty pittance of ſhell fiſh, their daily
ſuſtenance at certain ſeaſons ; deſtitute of
meal to give conſiſtence to their water, or
a little milk for their periſhing babes!
+
179 Leſſer,
.
Br. Zool. 411. iv. tab. 20,
THIS ſpecies, and the black-bill'd auk,
No. 175, appear in the Firth of Forth,
in October, in flocks innumerable, purfuing
the ſprats. Both kinds are called there
Morots.
st
180 Black.
Br. Zool. II. 412. iv. tab. zo.
Er. Calltag, Tyfte in the Orknies.
DI VER.
181 Northern
Br. Zool. II. 413.
Er. Bur-bhuachaill.
herdſmen of the fea, for the cre.
dulous believe that it never quits that
element.
THE
als salt
182 luber,

( 40 )
182 Imber.
Geſner's great Doucker, Wil. orn. 342. Raii. fyn. av. 126.
Colymbus Immer. Lin 5y, 222, Ember-gooſe of the Orka
nies.
the body and wings dulky: the feathers
edged with cinereous: belly filvery grey.
783 Speckled.
Br. Zool. II. 414.
Er. Fur-bhuachaill.
+
184 Red-
Br. Zool. II. 415. iv. tab. 21.
throated.
185 Black-
Br. Zool. II. 415. iv. tab. 21.
throated.
A Diſtinct fpecies from the former, but
ſuppoſed in the Br. Zool. to have been
m. and f.
GUL
U L L.
186 Black.
Br. Zool. II. 416.
287 Skua,
Br. Zool. II. 417
* †
x 88 Arctic
Br. Zool. II. 420. iv. tab. 22.
Er. Fåſgadair.
BREEDS in the heath on the hills of Jura
and : a
when

P. 40
V
Black Haded Gull .
N194
Black Gull.
NO 186.
Mramo Griffiths
dod.
3. Marell sculp.

OF
row

( 41 )
when diſturbed, and ſoon alights. Comes
to the Orknięs in May; diſappears in Auguſ.
* +
189 Herring,
Br. Zool. II, 421, iv, tab. 79.
190 Wagel.
Br. Zool. II. 422. iv. tab. 79.
191 Winter.
Br. Zool. II. 4.23. iv, tab. 8o.
+
192 Common
Br. Zool. II. 424, iv. tab. 23.
,
*
+
193
Kittiwake
Tarrock, Br. Zool. II. 425. iv. tab. 23. Tour Scotland.
COMMON on moſt of the cliffs : affume.
when old the colors of the common
gull: when young eſteemed by many as a
delicacy. Vide Tour in Scotland,
Br. Zool. II. 426.
194 Black-
headed.
TER
N.
+
195 Great.
Br. Zool. II. 428. iv. tab. 81.
第十
​196 Leſs.
Br. Zool. II. 429. iv. tab. 81.
Er, Steirneal.
PETREL.

(42)
PE T R E I.
197 Fulmar.
.
Br. Zool. II. 431. Martin's St. Killa. 30. iv. tab. 82.
FOUND in St. Kilda's only
198 Shear.
water,
Br. Zool. II. 433. Lyre of the Crknies Skrabe of the
Faroe iſles. Wil. orn. 438.
THE young highly eſteemed as a deli-
cacy in the Orknies : are ſometimes
pickled : their feathers alſo much valued,
Are taken in Auguſt, on the rocks of Hoy
and Edda: burrow in the earth, and lay one
egg.
199 Stormy.
Br. Zool. II. 434. iv. tab, 82.
BRE
REEDS under the looſe ſtones on the
little rocky iſles called Macleod's table,
&c. off the N. end of Skie. Betrays its re-
fidence by its twittering.
MERG ANSER.
. t
200Gooſander
Br. Zool. II, 436.
201 Red-breaſted.

( 43 )
+
201 Red-
breaſted.
Br. Zool. II. 437. iv. tab. 83.
Er. Sioltaiche.
BREEDS
ſea ſhore, and alſo on the ſides of freih+
water lakes, far North.
202 Smew.
Br. Zool. II. 438.
203 Red-
Br. 2001. II. 439.
headed.
D
U
ск,
+
204 Wild fwan
Br. Zool. II. 440.
Er. Eala.
WILD fwans viſit the Orknies in flocks in
October, and continue dur ng Winter:
return North in the Spring, except a very
few, which remain and breed in the little
ifles of a freſh water lough in Mainland,
205 Tame
ſwan.
Br. Zool. II. 441.
206 Gooſe.
Br. Zool. II. 447. iv. tab. 84.
Er. (tame) Geadh. (wild) Muir gheadh.
WILD geeſe breed in moſt of the iſlands :
:
in the Lewis are in Autumn ſuch a
peft

( 44 )
peſt to the corn, that the farmer is obliged
to ſet boys to guard it from their attacks.
Wild geeſe are ſcarce known even to alight
in the Orknies. Tame geeſe and ducks very
rare in the iſlands.
207 Bernacle.
Br. Zool. II. 451.
+
208 Brent.
Br. Zool. II. 452.
I
not known to breed in Orkney.
209 Eider,
Br. Zool. II. 454. Tour Scot. tab. I.
Er. Lacha loch lannach. Dunter gooſe in the Orknies.
BREEDS in Collonſa, Barra, in the Flan-
nun, and other iſes ; alſo in Inch-colm
in the Firth of Forth. The down neglected
thro' ignorance of the value: the neſt might
be robbed twice of the eggs and down, and
the bird will repair it's loſs each time; but
they muſt be ſpared the third. We procure
the down from Iceland and Norway, and pay
a conſiderable price to foreigners for it.
210 Velvet.
Br. Zool. II. 456. iv. tab. 85.
211 Scoter.
Br. Zorl. II. 457
sto
212 Tufted.

( 45 )
+
212 Tufted.
Br. Zool. II. 458.
Frequents the Orknies in Winter during
а
N. wind.
Br. Zool. II. 459.
233 Scaup.
Br. Zool. II. 460.
214 Golden
Eye.
十
​215 Shieldrake
Br. Zool. II. 461.
Er. crà-gheadh. Sly gooſe in the Orkniess
* +
216 Mallard.
Br. Zool. II. 462. iv. tab. 24.
Er. Lacba-chinn-uaine.
TAME ducks rare in the iſlands. ,
Br. Zool. II. 466.
.
217 Shoveler.
+
218 Pintail.
Br. Zool. II. 468.
219 Swallow.
Br. Zool. II. 469. iv. 86.
tail.
220 Pochard.
Br. Zool. II. 470.
221 Ferrugi.
Br. Zool. II. 471.
ncus.
222 Gadwall.

( 46 )
222 Gadwall.
Br. Zool. II. 473.
223 Wigeon.
Br. Zool. II. 472.
. .
t
224 Garganey
Br. Zool. II. 474. iv. tab. 87.
十
​225 Teal.
Br. Zool. II. 475
Er. cran-lacha,
COR V O R A N T.
t.
226 Common.
Br. Zool. II. 476.
Er. Ballaire-boan.
+
227 Shag.
Br. Zool. II. 478. iv. tab. 25.
Er. Sgarbh.
t.
228 Gannet.
Br. Zool. II. 479. Tour Scotl. tab. viii.
Ér. Sulaire, amhſain.
B
REEDS on the Baſs iſland in the Firth
of Forth, the craig of Ailſa, in that
of Clyde, on the rocks about St. Kilda, and
a rock called the Stack, near Souliſkir, ten
Jeagues W. of Hoy.
CLASS

( 47 )
CLASS II. REPTILES.
T OR TO I SE.
I Have been informed that one had been
It taken near the iſe of Col, but ſuppoſe it
to have been a tortoiſe that had eſcaped out
of fome Weſt Indian wreck.
FR
G.
+
1229 Comman.
Br. Zool. II. 3.
Er. Loiſkain.
ONE in the Long-Iſland.
NONE
+
230 Toad.
Br. Zool. 7
Er. mylvagain,
231 Grear.
.
INhab
[Nhabits the woods near Lough-Ranſa, in
Arran : is double the ſize of the com-
mon frog : body ſquare : belly great: legs
ſhort : four toes on the fore feet; four and
a thumb to the hind feet ; the ſecond out-
moſt toe the longeſt : color above a dirty
olive, marked with great black warty ſpots,
the head alone plain : color beneath whitiſh;
leaped Nowly.
LIZARD

( 48
22LI ZA R D.
i
232 Scaly.
2
Br. Zool. III. 13.
Er. Jac-lu-achu-rach.
233 Brown,
Br. Zool. III. 16,
Er. Duirk-luachair, i.e. obſerver of the ruſhes.
S ERP EN T.
234 Viper,
Br. Zool. III, 17.
Er.
THI
HE black viper is very common in the
highlands: numbers of vipers in Ilay,
Jura, and Skie. In ſome of the illes it is
ſtill believed that they ſting with their
tongues, and do not convey the poiſon with
the teeth: that the venom dropt on a ſword
will cauſe it to hiſs like water on hot iron ;
and that a poultice of human ordure is a
Syno fovereign remedy for the bite. No ſpecies
so
of ſerpent in Lewis, or any part of the long
illand.
2000Som
sho
235 Aberdeen Anguis Eryx. Lin. v. 392, Tour Scotland, Appendix.
and forked : noſtrils ſmall, round and
placed near the tip of the noſe : eyes lodged
in

( 49 )
in oblohg figures above the angles of the
mouth : had no ſcuta, but was entirely co-
vered with ſcales : back and ſides of a greyiſh
brown; with three dulky lines, one extend-
ing from the head to the tail; the others,
which were broader, reached the whole
length of the ſides : the belly bluiſh lead-
color, ſpotted with white. Diſcovered by
the late Doctor David Skene, near Aberdeen,
236 Blind
Br. Zool. III. 25.
E
CLASS

(50)
Oriodo su
:lom
CLASS IV. F IS H.
verb
door
Div. I. CET ACEOUS.
.'
W
Η Α
L
E.
+
237 Common
Br. Zool. III. 35. Sib. Phalain. 65.
238 Pike-
headed.
Br. Zool. III. 40. Sib. Phalain. 68.
239 Fin.
.
Br. Zool. III. 41.
240 Round-
Br. Zool. III. 42. Sib. Phalain. 78.
lipped.
С А с н A LOT.
+
24.1 Great-
headed.
Br. Zool. 46. sib. Phalain. 33.
242 Round-
Br. Zool. III. 47. Sib. Phalain. 24
headed.
243 High-
finned.
Br. Zool. III. 47. Sib. Phalain. 43.
SEEN in Loch-Brakadale
, in Skie. Ex-
cepting this and the porpeſſe, the other
ſpecies are inſerted on the authority of Sir
Robert Sibbald *.
* Vide the new edition of his hiſtory of whales,
printed for Benjamin White, bookſeller, Fleet-Areet.
DOLPHIN.

( 51 )
D O L P H I N.
* †
244 Porpeſſe.
Br. Zool. 52. S.
IN great droves in every part of the
Northern ſeas.
245 Grampus
Br. Zool. III. 54. Sib, Phalain. 18.
Div. II. CARTILAGINOUS. .
L A M P R E Y.
246 Lamprey
Br. Zool. III. 58. iv. tab. 88.
Er. Creaboule.
FOUND from the river Eſk, in Eſkdak,
to the water of Hemſdale, in Sutherland.
Deteſted by highlanders.
RA Y.
+
247 Skate.
Br. Zool. III. 62.
Er. Skeait.
+
248 Thorn-
back.
Br. Zool. III. 69. iv. tab. 27, 28.
Br. Zool. III. 66.
249 Fuller.
TAKEN in little Loch-Broom.
E 2
SHARK

(52)
SHARK.
+
.
250 Picked.
Br. Zool. III. 77.
Er. Doulag, Cùù.
FOUND in great multitudes on the Scottiſh
coafts; and when dried a great article
of food with the common people. Called
in Sky the Blind-hive, and is ſuppoſed to be
a great reſtorative.
251 Baſking,
Br. Zool. III. 78.
Er. Cairban.
THE greateſt of the
HE greateſt of the genus; ſometimes
above 36 feet long: the length of one
I found dead near Loch-Ranſa, in Arran,
was 27 f. 4, firſt dorſal fin 3, ſecond 1, pec-
toral 4, ventral 2 feet long, upper lobe of
the tail 5, lower 3.
They appear in the Firth of Clyde, and
among the Hebrides, about the month of
June, in ſmall droves of ſeven or eight, but
oftner in pairs; and continue in thoſe ſeas
'till the latter end of July, and then diſap-
pear : they ſwim very deliberately, with the
two dorſal fins above water: are very tame,
and fearleſs of mankind : will permit a boat
to follow them without accelerating their
motion, 'till it comes almoſt within contact,
when

( 53 )
when a harpooneer ſtrikes his weapon into
the fiſh as near to the gills as poſſible; but
they are often ſo inſenſible as not to move
'till the united ſtrength of two men have
forced the harpoon deeper: as ſoon as they
perceive themſelves wounded, they fling up
their tail and plunge headlong to the bottom;
and frequently coil the rope round them in
their agonies, attempting to diſengage them-
ſelves from the harpoon by rolling on the
ground, for it is often found greatly bent:
as ſoon as they diſcover their efforts are vain,
they ſwim away with amazing rapidity, and
with ſuch violence that a veſſel of 70 tons
has been towed by them againſt a freſh gale :
they ſometimes run off with 200 fathoms of
line and two harpoons in them, and will find
employ to the fiſhers for twelve and fome-
times twenty-four hours before they are ſub-
dued : when killed they are either hawled on
ſhore, or if at a diſtance to the veſſel's fide :
the liver (the only uſeful part) is taken out,
and melted into oil, in kettles provided for
that purpoſe: a large fiſh will yield eight
barrels of oil, and two of worthleſs ſediment.
The commiſſioners of the forfeited eſtates
were at conſiderable expence in their en-
couragement of this ſpecies of fiſhery; but
the perſon they confided in moſt ſhamefully
abuſed their goodneſs ; fo now it is attempted
only by private adventurers.
ozub
.
E 3
252 Blue.

( 54 )
252 Blue,
Br. Zool. III, 84.
TAKEN
AKEN near Aberdeen.
+
253 Leſfer-
Leffer dog fiſh, Br. Zool. III. 90.
9o
ſpotted.
L
U
M P.
254 Lump.
Br. Zool. III. 103. iv. tab. 29.
Er. Murcan.
25; Jura.
Lepadogafter, Gouan piſc. 177. tab. 1. f. 6.7.
HEAD Aat: noſe
projecting : eyes diſtant ; ;
before each ſmall cutaneous appen-
dages : on the back a ſmall ſpace full of
minute punctures: the pectoral fins rounded:
the ventral fins placed quite beneath; their
baſes diſtant : near them an oval depreſſion,
by which it adheres ſtrongly to ſtones and
rocks: the tail rounded : the dorſal and anal
fins extending to and adhering to it.
Found in the found of Jura.
Ρ Ι Ρ Ε.
Br. Zool. III. 106.
256 Longer
Div.

( 55 )
Div. III. BONY FISH.
A PO DA L.
E E L.
257 Common.
Br. Zool. III. iii.
258 Conger.
Br. Zool. III. 115
A Confiderable trade is carried on from
lona in dried congers : perhaps the ſame
might be done from ſome of the Hebrides.
WOLF.
+
259 Ravenous
Br. Zool. III. 119. tab. 7.
CALLED in Edinburgh cat-filh, and
eſteemed (what it really is) a very deli-
cate fiſh.
od
L A UN CE.
+
260 Sand.
Br. Zool. III. 123.
JUGULAR.

( 56 )
J U G U L A R.
LAR
C с
о
D.
t
261 Commons
Br. Zool. III. 137
A Bundant in all the feas, but the fiſheries
neglected or miſmanaged.
+
262 Torik.
Br. Zool. III. 143
t
263. Hadock.
Br. Zool. III. 144.
* +
264 Caal.
Br. Zool. III. 152. iv. tab. 32.
* †
265 Pollack.
Br. Zool. III. 154.
266 Whiting.
Br. Zool III. 155.
267 Ling.
Br. Zool. III. 160.
GOOD filheries
OOD fiſheries of ling about the iſle of
Lewis ; the ſame might be eſtabliſh'd
about the other ifles; whoſe inhabitants are
too poor to undertake any thing without
aſliſtance. I met with multitudes who were
reduced to the diſtreſs mentioned p. 38,
for want of a few common fiſh-hooks: I
partook
a

( 57 )
partook of their unhappineſs by my inabi-
lity to ſupply their wants; for I imagined
myſelf on a voyage to places where neithers
riches nor poverty had reached, and came
provided with gew-gaws as preſents to the
good people : buț alas! in moſt places a peck
of oatmeal, or a few
poor
fiſh-hooks would
have been more acceptable than the gayeſt
productions of Birmingham or Spittle-fields.
ti
268 Five-
beurded.
Brown Whiſtle-fiſh, Br. Zool. III. 165. iv. tab. 33.
Fifhick in the Orknies.
B L E N N Y,
269 Smooth.
Br. Zool. III. 169. iv. tab.34.
* 7
270 Spotted.
Br. Zool. III. 171. iv, tab. 96.
+
271 Vivipa-
ſous.
Br. Zool. III. 172.
TH OR A C I C.
G
OBY.
* t
272 Black.
Br. Zool. III. 174.
BU L L-HE A D.
273 River.
Br. Zool. III, 177
274 Armed,

( 58 )
10
274 Armed,
Br. Zool. III, 178.
+
. Br. Zool. III. 179. iv. tah. 35.
275 Spiny.
D O R E E.
275 Doree.
Br. Zool. III. 181. iv. tab. 73.
.
PRofeffor Oglevie
, of Old Aberdeen, in-
formed me it had been taken near that
place.
FLO U N D E R.
+
277 Holibut.
Br. Zool. III. 185.
278 Plaiſe.
Br. Zool. III. 187.
279 Fluke.
Br. Zool. III. 187.
280 Dab.
Br. Zool. III. 188.
281 Smear-
dab.
Br. Zool. III. 189. iv. tab. 46.
282 Sole.
Br. Zool. III. 190.
283 Turbot.

(59)
283 Turbot.
Br. Zool. III. 193.
GIL THE A D.
284 Gilthead.
Br. Zool. III. 197. iv. tab. 91.
THE Braiſe of the Scots.
W RASSE.
285 Common
Br. Zool. III. 203.
286 Trimacu-
lated.
Br. Zool. III. 206. iv. tab. 37.
.
PERCH.
288 Common
Br. Zool. III. 211.
STICKLEB A C K.
t
289 xv-ſpined
Br. Zool. III. 220. iv. tab.
42.
M ACK REL.
t
290 Common
Br. Zool. III. 221. iv. tab. 97.
APPEARS not till Auguſt in the Northern
parts of Scotland, and then ſmall and
lean.
291 Tunny,

(60)
291 Tunny.
Br. Zool. III. 223. iv. tab. 43. Tour Scotland.
.
G U R N A R D.
*
292 Grey.
Br. Zool. III. 331. iv, tab. 38.
ABDOMINAL.
L OCH E.
2
Br. Zool. III. 237. iv. tab. 93.
293 Bearded,
S A L M O N.
+
294 Common
Br. Zool. III. 239.
COMMON in all parts during the ſeaſon ; ;
but rare in the Orknies.
295 Grey
Br. Zool. III. 248. Phinoc. Tour Scotlanda
A Grey fiſh, of the ſalmon kind, with a
back ſpotted with black, and about a
foot long, comes up ſeveral of the rivers in
Scotland in vaft ſhoals during the month of
Auguſt: they return to the ſea in November ;
are called Phinocs; and are ſuppoſed by the
fiſhermen to be the young of a great grey
trout weighing 30 pounds.
ز
296 Bull.

( 61 )
296 Bull.
Br. Zool. III. 249.
•
+
Trout.
Br. Zool. III.
250.
iv. tab. 93.
REmarkably fine and large in moſt of the
+
297 Samlet.
Br. Zool. III. 253.
+
298 Charr.
Br. Zool. III. 256. iv. tab.
94
299 Guiniad.
Br. Zool. III. 267.
FOUND in Loch-Mabon ; called in thoſe
parts the Vendace, and Juvangis; and in
Loch Lomond, where it is called the Poen.
Ρ Ι Κ
E.
300 River.
Br. Zool. III. 270. iv. tal. 95.
301 Saury.
Tour Scotland, App. tab, 17.
GREAT numbers were Aung on ſhore on
the ſands of Leith, after a great ſtorm,
November 1770.
ARGENTINE.

(( 62 )
A R G Ε Ν Τ Ι Ν Ε.
302 Pearly.
Br. Zool. III. 276. iv. tab. 45.
M U L L E T,
303 Grey.
Br. Zool. III. 278. iv. tab. 94.
HERRI N G.
304 Northern
Br. Zool. III, 284.
305 Sprat.
Br. Zool. III, 294.
306 Shad.
Br. Zool. III. 296.
I Have no certain proof of the ſhad having
been taken in Scotland; but it's fry, the
white bait, appears near Aberdeen.
C A R P.
307 Pond.
Br. Zool. III. 300.
WILL live but do not breed in the ponds
of North-Britain.
308 Chub.

( 63 )
308
Chub.Br. Zool. III. 313. MO AT
IN the Annan.
21 12
.
309 Bream.
Br. Zool. III. 309.
.
FOUND in Lock-Maban.
310 Minow.
Br. Zool. III. 318.
FRAGMENTS

(( 64 )
FRAGMENTS of CLASSES.
CRUSTACEOUS ANIMALS:
CR A B.
CAO
* With a ſquare body.
zu Black-
clawed.
Cancer pagurus, Lin. Syft. 1044.
312 Common
Cancer mænas, Lin. Sy7. 1043.
313 Velvet.
F
RONT quinque-dentated, ſmooth: claws
covered with minute tubercles; body
with a velvet pile : hind legs pinnated. Skies
a
314 Plated.
WITH the upper ſhell lamellated : front
quinque-dentated and ſerrated : two
ſpines on the claws: hind legs pinnated.
Skie.
315 Minute.
Cancer minutus, Lin. Lyf. 1040.
* With heart-ſhaped body.
316 Thorney.
Tour in Scotland, tab. xviii. 1047.
Cancer horridus, Lin. syst.
VOA NEAR Dunbar and Aberdeen.
317 Great-

( 65 )
317 Great-
clawed.
A
Small ſpecies : claws very large and
hairy : antennæ very long, when Aung
behind reaching far beyond the back. Skie.
L OB S T E R.
318 Common
Cancer Gammarus. Lin. fyt. 1050.
REAT numbers are ſent from the
Eaſtern coaſts of Scotland to ſupply the
London markets.
GRE
319 Norway.
Cancer Norvegicus. Lin. Syft. 1053.
320 Wrinkled
Cancer Strigofus. Lin. lyſ. 1052.
the ſound of Ilay.
IN
321 Clawleſs
Cancer Homarus. Lin. Syft. 1053.
Marine inſects obſerved in different places.
322
Phalangium groffipes. Lin.fit. 1027.
the late Doctor Skene's cabinet.
IN
323
Phalangium Balænarum. The whale-louſe, Lin. S.
1028, ibid.
BOTH found near Aberdeen.
.
T
324

( 66 )
Oniſcus marinus, Lin. Syft. 1060.
324
W
O R M S.
A C Τ Υ Ν Ι Α.
Hydra diſciflora. Ph. Tran. vol. 4, 11, 83, tab. 1, fig. 5.
A P H R ( DI T A.
Aph, fquammata, Lin. Syf, 1084.
N E RE I S.
N. Pelagica. Lin. Syf. 1086.
N, cærulea. Lin. Syft. 1086.
M E D US A.
M. velella, Lin. Syft. 10g..
AS T E R I A S. S T A R.
A. Pectinata Linckii
Aculeata
Rubens
Dentata
Ophiura
xxxvii. No. 64.
xxxvii. No. 67.
xxxvi. No. 62.
xv.
No. 18.
ii.
No. 4.
PLANTS.

67
и о
ALVYDO
PL Α Ν Τ S,
N 'T
F 2
CLASSIS

68
CL A S S IS I.
MON ANDRIA
M O N O G Y NI A.
SALICORNIA. Calyx l-phyllus. Cor. o.
HIPPURIS.
Cal. o.
Cor. o.
DI G Υ Ν Ι Α
CALLITRICHE.
Cal. o. Cor. 2-petala.
Capſula 2-locularis,

MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
69
CLASS I S
I.
Μ Ο Ν Α Ν D RI A
Μ Ο Ν Ο G Υ Ν Ι Α
SALICORNIA Lin. Gen. Plant. Io.
Calyx ventriculofus, integer. Petala o. Semen unicum.
herbacca 1. SALICORNIA herbacea patula, articulis apice
compreſſis emarginato-bifidis. Lin. Spec. Plant,
pag. 5. (Oed. Dan. t. 303. optimu.)
Marſh fampire, jointed glaſſwort, or falt-wort
Anglis.
Found on the ſea coaſts, as at Blackneſs-Caſtle, and
Aberledy Bay. Dr. Parſons. 0. VIII. IX.
In England the tender fhoots of this plant are uſed
as a pickle, and are fometimes boild for the
table.
There is a variety of it which puts on a woody
appearance, and is often perennial, which ſome
have diſtinguiſh'd as a ſpecies.
Several perſons have obſerv’d the powers of this
genus to have two ſtamina. It may therefore
belong perhaps more properly to the next claſs
of Diandria.
F 3
HIPPURIS.

70
MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
HIPPURIS. Lin. Gen. pl. 11.
Cal. o. Petalo. o. Stigma fimplex. Sem. 1,
vulgaris I. HIPPURIS. Lin. Sp. Pl. 6. (Oed. Dan. t. 87, opt.)
mare's tail. Anglis,
In marſhes and ſtagnant waters, as in the ditches
near Edinburgh: I found it alſo in Ilay, by the
fides of the Lochs in deep muddy places, 24. VI.
DIGY NI A.
verna. 1.
CALLITRICHE. Lin. Gen. Pl. 13:
Cal. o. Petala 2. Sem. I ovale, nudum.
C. foliis ſuperioribus ovalibus, foribus androgynes.
Lin. Sp. Pl. 6. (Oed. Dan. t. 129, opt.)
Vernal ſtar-headed chickweed, Anglis.
Found in ditches and ſtill waters frequently, 0. V.
autumnalis C, foliis omnibus linearibus apice bifidis, floribus
hermaphroditis. Lin. Sp. Pl. 6. (Loes Fl. Pruſ:
140. t. 38. Pet. Herb. brit. t. 6.f. 4.)
Autumnal ftar-headed chickweed. Anglis.
Found in the ſame kind of places as the preceding.
2.
0.IX
CLASSIS

DI A N D R I A.
71
CLASS I S
II.
D I A N D R I A
M ON OG Y NI A.
* Flores inferi, monopetali, regulares.
LIGUSTRUM. Cor. 4-fida. Bacca 4-ſperma.
** Flores inferi, monopetali, irregulares. Fructus
capſularis.
VERONICA. Cor. 4-partito limbo; lacinia infe-
riore anguſtiore.
PINGUICULA. Cor. ringens, calcarata. Cal.
5-fidus.
UTRICULARIA. Cor. ringens, calcarata. Cel.
2 phyllus.
*** Flores inferi, monopetali, irregulares. Fructus
gymnoſpermi.
VERBENA. Cor. ſubæqualis. Cal. lacinia ſuprema
breviore.
LYCOPUS. Cor. ſubæqualis. Stam. diſtantia.
SALVIA. Cor. ringens. Filamenta tranverſè pedi-
culata.
**** Flores ſuperi.
CIRCEA. Cal 2 phyllus. Cor. 2-petala obcor-
data.
* Salicornia,
D I G Υ Ν Ι Α.
ANTHOXANTHUM. Cal. Gluma i-flora, ob-
longo, Cor. Gluma ariſtata.
CLASSIS

72
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
CL ASSIS
II.
DI ANDRIA
MONOGY NI A.
LIGUSTRUM. Lin. Gen. 18.
Cor. 4-fida. Bacca tetraſpermą.
vulgare 1. LIGUSTRUM. Lin. Sp. Pl. 10. (Mill. iç. t. 162)
fig, 2.
Privet. Anglis.
In the hedges about Hamilton, but is not common
in Scotland. h. VII.
VERONICA. Lin. Gen. 25.
Cor. Limbo 4 partito; lacinia infima anguſtiore.
Capſula bilocularis.
Spicatæ.
officinalis 1. VERONICA. fpicis lateralibus pedunculatis, foliis
oppoſitis, caule procumbente. Lin. Sp. Pl. 14.
(Oed. Dan. t. 248)
Male Speedwell. Anglis.
Common in heaths and dry woods. 4. VII.
** Corymboſo-racemoſæ.
*lpina 2. V. corymbo terminali, foliis oppofitis, calycibus
hiſpidis. Lin. Sp. Pl. 15. (Fl. Lapp. t. 9. f. 4.
Hall. Strip Helvet. Pag. 235. 1. 15. f. 2. Oed.
Dan. t. 16.)
Alpine Speedwell. Anglis.
It is found on the mountains of Badenoch, and
Locbaber.
Obf.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
73
Obf. The ſtalk is about three inches high, un-
branch'd, and ſlightly hairy: the leaves are oval,
a little hairy, and ſometimes ſinooth, ſcarcely
crenated on the edges : eight or ten ſmall blue
flowers grow in a ſhort ſpike at the top of the
ſtalk, mix'd with lanceolate ftipulæ.
ſerpyllifolia VERONICA racemo terminali ſubſpicato, foliis
3
ovaris glabris crenatis. Lin. Sp. Pl. 15. (Ger.
Emac. pag. 627. f. 2. Oed. Don. 492)
Little Smooth Speedwell, or Paul's-Betony. Anglis.
Frequent in paſtures, and by way-ſides. 2. VI.
Obſ. The ſtalk creeps at firſt, but at flowering
grows erect: the flowers ariſe from the Ala of
the leaves, on ſhort fooítalks, having the three
upper ſegments of the Corolla ſtreakd with
longitudinal lines: the middle ſegment of theſe
three is generally blue, the two ſide ones of a
paler colour, and the lowermoſt white.
beccabunga V. racemis lateralibus, foliis ovatis planis, caule
4.
repente. Lin. Sp. Pl. 16. (Ger. Emac. p. 620, f.
1. Oed. Dan. t. 511. opt.)
Common Brooklime- Anglis.
Frequent in ditches and rivulets. 4. VII.
Obf. It is eſteem'd an antiſcorbutic; and is eaten
by fome in the Spring as a fallet, but is more
bitter and not ſo agreeable to the palate as Water-
creſſes. The flowers are of a fine blue, and the
leaves are iniooth, thick, and ſucculent.
anagallis
V. racemis lateralibus, foliis lanceolatis ferratis,
aquatica 5.
caule

74
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
caule erecto. Lin. Sp. Pl. 16. (Ger. Emac. p. 620,
f. 2, Pet. Herb. Brit. T. 51, f. 12 )
Long-leav'd Brooklime. Anglis.
It grows in like places with the preceding, H. VIII.
Obf. The flowers are ſmaller than the veronica Bec-
cabunga, and are of a pale feſh colour : the three
upper ſegments ftreak'd with red veins,
ſcutellata 6 VERONICA racemis lateralibus alternis ; pedi-
cellis pendulis, foliis linearibus integerrimis.
Lin. Syſt, Nat. 58, Sp. Pl. 16. (Moris Hift. Ox.
Seet. 3, t. 24, f. 27, Oed. Dan. t. 209. opt )
Narrow.leav'd Water Speedwell. Anglis.
Found in marſhes and on the ſides of lakes, 24. VII.
Obf. The leaves are ſometimes ſlightly ſerrated,
and the flowers generally of a pale colour, almoſt
white, but few in number, and ſupported by
flender weak footſtalks.
inontano 7.
V. racemis lateralibus paucifloris, calycibus hirſutis,
foliis ovatis rugoſis crenatis petiolatis, caule de-
bili. Lin. Sp. Pl. 17. (Pet. Her. Br. t. 51, f. 4,
Moris. Hift. Ox. Se&t. 3, t. 23, f. 15, melior.)
Stalked Speedwell. Anglis.
Grows in moiſt ſhady woods, but not common : in
the woods at Dunglaſs, near the river. Dr Par-
fons. 2. VI.
Obf. The leaves are very hairy and reddiſh under-
neath : the flowers are of a pale blue, their ſeg-
ments edg’d with white.
chamedrys V. racemis lateralibus, foliis ovațis feſil.bus ru-
8.
goſis dentatis, caule debili, bifariam piloſo.
Lin.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
75
Lin. Mant. 317, Sp. Pl. 17. (Ger. Em, 657, f.
3, Hift. Ox. Sect. 3, T. 23, f. 12, Oed. Dan, t,
448, opt.)
Wild Germander, Anglis.
Found very common under hedges and in meadows.
27. V. and VI.
Obf. The leaves are hairy, and the Mowers of an
elegant bright blue, ſtreak’d with veins of a
deeper color. It is a great ornament to the
hedges.
*** Pedunculis unifloris.
agreſtis 9.. VERONICA floribus folitariis, foliis cordatis in-
çiſis pedunculo brevioribus. Lin. Sp. Pl. 18,
(Ger. Em. 616, f. 1. Oed. Dan. t. 449. opt.)
Germander-Speedwell, or Chickweed. Anglis.
A common weed. O. V.
Obf. It has branched trailing ſtalks, with leaves
growing oppoſite at the baſe, but alternate at the
top: the flowers are very ſmall, generally blue,
and grow ſingly on long foot talks.
arvenſis 10. V. floribus ſolitariis, foliis cordatis inciſis pedun-
culo longioribus. Lin. Sp. Pl. 18. (Ger. Em.
Pag. 613. f. 7. Mor. Hift. Ox. Sect. 3. t. 24. f.
21, Oed. Dan. t. 515.)
Wall-Speedwell. Anglis.
It is common upon old walls. 0. V.
Obf. The flowers of this are generally of a pale
color, almoſt white, growing on very ſhort or
no footſtalks, which diſtinguiſhes it ſufficiently
from the preceding.
bederifolia 11.

76
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
11.
bederifolia V. floribus folitariis, foliis cordatis planis quinque-
lobis. Lin. Sp. Pl. 19. (Ger. Em.616.f. 3. Mor.
Hift. Oz. Sec. 3. t. 24. f. 20. Oed. Dan. t. 428.
opt.)
Ivy-leav'd Speedwell, or Small-Henbit. Anglis.
In corn fields and gardens frequent. O. V.
Obſ. The ſtalk is branched and trailing: the leaves
are rounded, and grow in pairs at the baſe, but
are angular and alternate under the fiowers :
the foot talks of the flowers are long, hairy, and
bend downwards: the ſegments of the calyx are
hairy, and compreſs the capſule : the flowers
are of a pale blue, or white, ſtreak’d with veins
of a deeper blue or red color.
PINGUICULA. Lin. Gen. 30.
Car. ringens, calcarata. Cal. bilabiatus, 5-fidus.
do Caps. unilocularis.
vulgaris 1. PINGUICULA nectario cylindraceo longitudine
Petali. Lin. Sp. Pl. 25. (Ger. Em. 788. f. 2.
Mor. Hiſt. Ox. Seet. 5. t. 7. f. 13. Oed. Dan. t.
93. optima.)
Common Butterwort. Anglis.
Brogan-na-cu’aig. Gaulis.
This grows very common in moiſt grounds, and
on the ſides of the mountains. 2. VI.
The flower is of a deep violet color, hairy within.
The inhabitants of Lapland, and the North of
Sweden, give to milk the conſiſtence of cream,
by pouring it warm from the cow upon the
leaves

UNIL
OF
AC

VI
Pinguicula
villosa . P.77
Carex.
pauciflora
P543
P Mazell sculp
Moses Griffiths del

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
77
leaves of this plant, and then inſtantly ſtraining
it, and laying it aſide for two or three days 'till
it acquires a degree of acidity, This milk they
are extremely fond of; and when once made
o they need not repeat the uſe of the leaves
vor as above, for a ſpoonful, or leſs of it, will turn
another quantity of warm milk, and make it
like the firſt, and ſo on as often as they pleaſe
to renew their food.
villoſa 2. P. fcapo villoſo. Lin. Sp. pl. 25. (Fl. Lup. t. 12. f.
2. et. Vid. Fig. noft.) bb
Stom. Little fleſh-color'd Butterwort. Anglis.
and I found it in Strath-Swardle, in the iſle of Skie, in
a bog juſt by Mr. M'Kennon's, of Coryattachan,
and on the ſide of a mountain there callid Ben-
ei sud
na-Caillich. 4. VII. anlad
Obf. The leaves are reticulated with red veins:
the ſtalk is ſlightly hairy, and about two inches
high: the flower is fleſh-color'd; and the whole
plant, in all its parts, five times ſmaller than the
preceding.
UTRICULARIA. Lin. Gen. 31.
Cor. ringens, calcarata. Cel. 2-phyllus, æqualis.
Caps. unilocularis.
vulgaris I. UTRICULARIA nectario conico, ſcapo pauci-
floro. Lin. Sp. pl. 26. (Petiver. Her. Brit. T. 36.f.
11. Oed. Dan. t. 138. opt.)
Common Hooded Milfoil. Anglis.
In deep ditches and ſtagnant waters, as in Guillon-
Loch. Dr. Persons. 24. VII.
Obi.
I

78
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
minor 2.
Obf. The leaves are capillary, branched, and
immers'd under water, having numerous tranſ-
parent veſicles adhering to them: the ſtalk is
erect, deſtitute of leaves above water, and bears
a looſe ſpike of five or fix flowers: the calyx is
murry colour'd, the flower yellow, the lower lip
vein'd with orange, and gibbous.
UTRICULARIA nećtatio carinato. Lin. Sp. pl.
26. (Pluk. Alm. t. 99. f. 6. Petiv. Herb. Brit. I.
36.f. 12. Oed. Dan. Tab. 128. opt.)
Leſſer Hooded Milfoil. Anglis.
Found in like places with the preceding; but more
rarely : I gathered it in a bog at Coryattachan,
in Skie, together with the Pinguicula villoſa. 4.
VII.
Obſ. This has the habit of the preceding, but is,
in all its parts, much leſs: the flower is of a
paler yellow, the ſpur hardly diſtinguiſhable, and
the lower lip plane, not gibbous.
VERBENA Lin. Gen. 32.
Cor. infundibuliformis, ſubæqualis, curva.
Calcys unico dente truncato. Semina 2. s. 4. nuda.
(Stam. 2. S. 4.)
officinalis 1. VERBENA tetrandra, fpicis filiformibus panicu-
latis, foliis multifido-laciniatis, caule folitario.
Lin. Sp. pl. 29. (Ger. Emac. 718. f. 1. Tournf.
Inſt. t. 94.)
Vervain. Anglis.
Ву

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
79
By road fides near towns and villages. O. VIII.
Without the gates of Innerkeithing. Dr. Parſons.
LYCOPUS. Lin. Gen. 33.
Cor. 4-fida, lacinia unica emarginata. Stamina
diſtantia. Semina 4, retuſa.
europaus 1 LYCOPUS foliis ſinuato ferratis. Lin. Sp. pl. 30.
(Ger. Emac. 700.f. 1. Petiv. Herb. Br. t. 32. f.
5.)
Water Horehound. Anglis.
On the banks of rivers and ditches. 4. VII.
Obf. This plant has the habit of thoſe of the Didy-
namia claſs, but the flowers have only two ſta-
mina : they grow in thick whirls around the
ſtalk, ſmall and white, and hairy within : the
lower ſegment is mark'd with red dots.
SALVIA Lin. Gen. pl. 39.
Cor. inæqualis. Filamenta tranſverſe pedicello
affixa.
verbenaca I SALVIA foliis ſerratis ſinuatis læviuſculis, corollis
calyce anguftioribus. Sp. pl. 35. (Ger. Emac. 771.
f. 1. Cluſ. Hift. xxxi. fig. ad ſiniſtram.)
Common Wild Clary. Anglis.
Under Saliſbury crags, and on a bank at the en-
trance into Kirkcaldy, from Dyfart. 2. VI.
CIRCÆA. Lin. Gen. 24.
Cor. dipetala. Cal. diphyllus, fuperus. Sem. I.
biloculare.
Luteticna

80
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
a
lutetiana 1. CIRCÆA caule erecto, racemis pluribus, foliis
ovatis. Syft. Nat. 56. (Oed. Dan. t. 210. Ger.
Emac. 351. Park. 351.)
Enchanters Nightſhade. Anglis.
In woods and ſhady places. 4. VII.
The ſtalk is erect, a foot and a half high, and has
lateral branches : the leaves are Nightly hairy on
the margin, and are either intire, undulated, or
a little ſerrated : the footſtalks of the flowers are
Nightly hairy, the calyx the ſame, of a greeniſh
colour, a little ting'd with red, and of a much
thicker ſubſtance than the petals, and a different
color.
alpina 1. CIRCÆA caule proſtrato, racemo unico foliis cor-
datis. Syft. Nat. 56. (Oed. Dan. t. 256. Moris.
Hiſt. Ox. Seet. 5. t. 34. fig. 2. ad imum.)
Alpine Enchanters Nightſhade. Anglis.
At the foot of the mountains about Loch-Broom,
in Roſs-ſhire. 24. VII.
This is very nearly related to the preceding, but
differs in the following reſpects : The ſtalk is
about five or ſix inches high, ſeldom branching,
and reclines on the ground towards the baſe :
the leaves are quite ſmooth, and deeply cut or
ſerrated on the edges : the footſtalks of the
flowers are ſmooth, the calyx the ſame, of a
more delicate texture than the preceding, and
ting’d with nearly the ſame red colour as the
petals.
DIGYNIA.

DIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
gi
Di G Y N Í Á.
ANTHOXANTHUM. Lin. Gen. 42:
Cal. Gluma bivalvis, uniflora. Cor. Gluma bivalvis;
acuminata. Sem. I.
odoratum I ANTHOXANTHUM ſpica oblonga ovata, Alof-
culis fubpedunculatis ariſta longioribus. Syſt:
Nat. 67. (Stillingf: Mifcel. 1: 1.)
Verrial Graſs. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures frequent. 4. V.
It is one of the earlieſt graſſes that flowers; and
Stilling fleet ſays it gives a grateful odor to hay.
CLASSIS

82
TRIANDRI A.
CLASS I S III.
T RI A N D R I A
Μ Ο Ν Ο G Υ Ν Ι Α.
* Flores ſuperi.
VALERIANA. Cor. 5-fida, baſi gibba. Sem. I.
IRIS. Cor. 6-petaloidea: Petalis alternis reflexis.
Stigma petaloideum.
** Flores graminei valvulis Gluma calycinæ.
SCHOENUS. Cor. nulla. Cal. paleis faſciculatis.
Sem. ſubrotundum.
SCIRPUS. Cor. nulla. Cal. paleis imbricatis. Sem.
nudum.
ERIOPHORUM. Cor. nulla. Cal. paleis imbri-
catis. Sem. lanigerum.
NARDUS, Cor. bivalvis. Cal. nullus. Sem.
tectum,
DI G Υ Ν Ι Α.
* Flores unificri vagi.
ALOPECURUS. Cal. bivalvis. Cor. univalvis
apice fimplici.
PHLEUM. Cal. bivalvis trancutus, mucronatus
feffilis.
PHALARIS.

TRIANDRIA.
83
PHALARIS. Cal. bivalvis; valvis carinatis æqua-
libus, corollam includentibus.
MILIUM. Cal. bivalvis ; valvis ventricoſis corolla
majoribus,
AGROSTRIS. Cal. bivalvis; valvis acutis corolla
brevioribus.
DACTYLIS. Cal. bivalvis; valva majore longiore
compreſſa carinata.
† Arundo calamagroſtis, arenaria.
** Flores biflori vagi.
AIRA. Cal. bivalvis. Floſculi abſq; rudimento
tertii.
MELICA. Cal. bivalvis. Rudimento tertii inter
floſculos.
*** Flores multiflori vagi.
BRIZA. Cal. bivalvis. Cor. cordata ; valvis ven-
tricofis.
POA. Cal. bivalvis. Cor. ovata ; valvis acutiuſculis.
FESTUCA. Cal. bivalvis. Cor. oblonga; valvis
mucronatis.
BROMUS. Cal. bivalvis. Cor. oblonga; valvis
ſub apice ariſtatis.
AVENA. Cal. bivalvis. Cor. oblonga; valvis
dorſo ariſta contorta.
G2
ARUNDO

84
TRIANDRIA.
ARUNDO. Cal. bivalvis. Cor. baſi lanata mutica.
Dactylis glomerata.
**** Flores multiflori, inſidentes receptaculi elongati
dentibus.
TRITICUM. Cal. oppoſitus, multiflorus, bival-
vis, folitarius.
HORDEUM. Cal. lateralis, uniflorus, bivalvis,
ternus.
ELYMUS. Cal. lateralis, multiflorus, bivalvis,
binus, ternuſve.
LOLIUM. Cal. lateralis, multiflorus, univalvis,
folitarius.
CYNOSURUS. Cal. bivalvis, multiflorus. Recept.
proprium unilaterale, foliaceum.
T RI G Υ Ν Ι Α.
MONTIA. Cor. 1-petala. Cal. diphyllus. Caps.
3-valvis, 3-ſperma.
CLASSIS

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
85
CLASS IS
III.
M O N O G Y NI A.
VALERIANA. Lin. Gen. 44.
Cal. nullus. Cor. 1-petala, baſi hinc gibba, ſupera.
Sem. unicum.
officinalis i Valeriana floribus triandris, foliis omnibus peri-
natis. Lin. Sp.pl. 45. (Ger. Em. 1075, f. 2)
Great wild Valerian. Anglis.
In ditches and marſhy places frequent, and ſome-
times in dry mountainous paſtures. 4. VII.
The roots are eſteem'd an excellent nervine: cats
are very fond of the ſmell of it.
disica 2. V. floribus triandris dioicis, foliis pinnatis integer-
rimis. Sp. Pl. 44. (Ger. Em. 1075. f. 3.)
Small wild Valerian. Anglis.
In marſhy meadows frequent. 4. VII.
The radical leaves of this are oval; of the preced-
ing they are pinnated : the flowers of the male
are much larger than the female.
V. fioribus triandris, caule dichotomo, foliis linea-
ribus Sp. Pl. 47. (Ger. Em. 310. f. 1.)
Corn-Sallet. Anglis.
In corn fields. 0. V.
The radical leaves in the Spring are well known as
fallet,
locuſta 3:
G 3
IRIS

86
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
I.
IRIS. Lin. Gen. 59.
Cor. 6-partita ; petalis alternis reflexis. Stigmata
petaliformia,
pſeudacorus IRIS corollis imberbibus, petalis interioribus ftig-
mate minoribus, foliis enſiformibus. Lin. Sp. Pl.
56. (Oed. Dan. 494. opt. Ger. Em. 50. f. 2.)
Yellow Water Flower-de-luce. Anglis.
Seiliſdeir. Gaulis.
By the ſides of ditches, and in marſhy places fre-
quent. 4. VII.
In Arran, and ſome other of the Weſtern iſles,
the roots are uſed to dye black; and in Jura they
are boild with copperas to make ink.
SCHOENUS. Lin. Gen. 65.
Gluma paleaceæ, univalves, congeftæ, Cor. o. Sem.
1. fubrotundum inter glumas.
* Culmo tereti.
nigricans I, SCHOENUS culmo tereți nudo, capitulo ovato,
involucri diphylli valvula altera ſubulata longa.
Sp. Pl. 64. (Moris. Hiſt, Ox. Sect. 8. t. 10. f, 28.)
Black-headed Bog-Ruſh. Anglis.
On moors and peat-bogs common. 4. VII.
ferrugineus S. culmo tereti nudo, fpica duplici, involucri val-
vula majore ſpicam æquante. Sp. pl. 64. (Moris.
Hift. Ox. SeEl. 8. t. 12. f. 40)
Brown-headed Bog-Ruſh. Anglis.
In mooriſh places, rare : in the iſland of Mull. 24.
VII
2.
Culata

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
87
* Culmo triquetro.
compreſſus 3 S. culmo ſubtriquetro nudo, ſpica diſticha, involu-
cro monophyllo. Sp. Pl. 65, (Pluk. Phyt, t. 34:
f.g.)
Compreſſed Bog-Ruſh. Anglis.
In marſhy places by the ſides of lochs in Ilay, but
not common.
albus 4.
S. culmo ſubtriquetro folioſo, floribus faſciculatis,
foliis ſetaceis. Sp. Pl. 65. (Oed. Dan. 320. Hift.
Ox. S. 8. t. 9. f. 39)
White-flower'd Bog-Ruſh. Anglis.
On moors and peat bogs common. 4. VII.
SCIRPUS. Lin. Gen. 67.
Gluma paleaceæ, undique imbricatæ. Cor. o. Sem.
1. imberbe.
Spica unica.
paluſtris 1. SCIRPUS culmo tereti nudo, ſpica ſubovaťa ter-
minali. Sp. Pl. 70.(Fl. Dan. 273. opt. Moris. Hiſt.
Ox Sect. 8. t. 1o. fig. 32. Loeſel. Pruf. t. 36.
benè. Ger. Em. 1630.)
Club Ruſh. Anglis.
In ditches and by the ſides of lochs frequent. 4.
VII.
caſpiloſus 2 S. culmo ftriato nudo, fpica bivalvi terminali lon-
gitudine calycis, radicibus ſquamula interſtinctis.
Sp. Pl. 71. (Oed. Dan. 167. Pluk. Phyt. t. 40.
f. 6.)
Heath

88
TRIHNDRIA MONOGYNIA,
Heath Club-Ruſh. Anglis.
In heaths and moors frequent. 4. VII.
acicularis 3 S. culmo tereti nudo fetiforini, ſpiça ovata bivalyi,
ſeminibus nudis. Sp. Pl. 71. (Oed. Dan. 287. Pluk.
Ph. t. 40. f. 7. Moris. Hilt
. O.x. S. 8. t. 10. f,
37.)
Little upright Club-Ruſh.
On the ſides of lochs immers d even under the
water, and in marſhy places, about a mile N.
Weſt from Laſwade. Dr. Parſons. 2 ? VIII.
Muitans 4. S. culmis teretibus nudis alternis, caule folioſo
flaccido. Sp. Pl. 71. (Moris. Hift. S. 8. f. 10. f.
31. Pluk. Ph. 35. f. 1.)
Floating Club Ruſh. Anglis.
I obſerv'd plenty of it by the ſides of the little
lochs in the iſland of Rum; without doubt it
may be found in many other ſuch-like places,
in pits where water has ſtood for ſome time is its
proper place of growth. 3. VII.
** Culmo terèti polyſtachio.
facastris 5. SCIRPUS culmo tereti nudo, fpicis ovatis pluri-
bus pedunculatis terminalibus. Sp. Pl. 72. (Moris.
Hijt. Ox. Seet. 8. 1. 10. f. 1. Ger. Em, 35. f. 3.)
Bull-Ruſh. Anglis.
In clear ſtill waters frequent. 4. VII.
This ruſh is uſed to make baſkets, mats, and ſeats
for chairs.
Jetaceus 6. S. culmo nudo letaceo, fpicis lateralibus ſubſolitariis
feffilibus.

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
89
ſelilibus. Sp. Pl. 73, (Oed. Dan. t. 311. Hift.
Ox. Jeet. 8. 1. 10. f. 23.)
The left Ruſh. Anglis.
În wet, ſandy, or gravelly places; but not very
common. 0. VII. VIII.
*** Culmo triquetro, panicula foliaceae
maritimus 7 S, culmo triquetro, panicula conglobata foliacca,
fpicularum fquamis trifidis, intermedia ſubulata.
Sp. Pl. 74. (Moris. Hift. Ox. f. 8. t. 11.f.25. &
fortaßè f. 9.)
Round rooted Baſtard Cyperus. Anglis.
On the ſea coaſts not unfrequent. 2. VII.
Blvaticus 8 S. culmo triquetro folioſo, umbella foliacea, pe-
dunculis nudis ſupradecompoſitis, fpicis confertis,
Sp. pl. 75. (Oed. Dan. 307. Moris. Hijt. Ox. 5. 8.
t. 11. f. 15. Læſel. Prul. t. 33. bona.)
Millet Cyperus-Grafs. Anglis.
In moiſt woods near Roſlin caftle. Dr. Parſons.
2. VII.
1.
ERIOPHORUM. Lin. Gen. 68.
Glumą paleaccæ, undiq; imbricatæ. Cor. o. Sen.
1. Lanc. longiſſima cinctum.
polyſtachion ERIOPHORUM culmis teretibus, foliis planis,
fpicis pedunculatis. Sp. pl. 76. (Moris. Hift. Ox.
f. 8. t. 9. f. 1. ad imum. Ger. Em. 29. f. 1. Vaill.
Botan. Paris t. 16. f. 1. 2. bona.)
Cotton-Graſs. Anglis.
On moors and peat-bogs very frequent. 4. VII.
vagina tuna

୨୦
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
2.
vaginatum E. culmis vaginatis teretibus, fpica ſcabioſa. Sp. pi.
76. (Oed. Dan. 236. Moris. S. 8. t. 9. f. 6. ad
imum. Scheuch. Gram, 302. t. 7. f. 1. bené.)
Hares-Tail-Ruſh. Anglis.
It grows in the ſame kind of places with the pre-
ceding, and nearly as common. 2. IV-VII.
It is readily diſtinguiſhed from the firſt fort, as it
bears only one ſingle erect oval ſpike at the top
of the ſtalk.
NARDUS. Lin. Gen. 69.
Cal. nullus. Cor. bivalvis.
Stricta 1. NARDUS ſpica ſetacea recta fecunda. Syft. Nat.
84. (Moris Hift. Ox. S. 8. t. 7. f. 8. bona Schreb.
Gram. 65. t. 7.)
Mat-Graſs. Anglis.
On moors and heaths frequent. 4. VI.
DI G Y N I A.
PHALARIS. Lin. Gen. 74.
Cal. bivalvis, carinatus, longitudine æqualis, corol-
lam includens.
erundinacea PHALARIS panicula longa ventricoſa ampla.
Syft. Nat. 86. (Oed. Dan. 259. Moris. Hiſt. Seet.
8. t. 6.f. 41. Loes. Prul. No. 34.)
Reed Canary-Graſs. Anglis.
On the ſides of lakes and rivers frequent. 24. VII.
1.
PHLEUM. Gen. Pl. 77.
Cal. bivalvis, ſeſiilis, linearis, truncatus, apice
bicuſpidato. Cor. incluſa.
pratenſe

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
91
pratenſe 1. PHLEUM ſpica cylindrica longiſſima ciliata, culmo
erecto. Sp. pl. 87. (Moris. Hiſt. Ox. S. 8. t. 4. f.
1. in imo ad ſiniſtram.)
Meadow Cat's. Tail, or Timothy-Graſs. Anglis.
By way-ſides and in paſtures, but not common.
24. VII.
nodoſum 2. P. fpica cylindrica, culmo aſcendente, foliis obli-
quis, radice bulboſa. Syft. Nat. 88. (Oed. Dan.
4. 380. Moris. Hift. Ox. ſ. 8,'t. 4. f. 3. in imo.
Barrel. t. 53.)
Bulbous Cat's-Tail Graſs. Anglis.
In paſtures and by way-fides. 4. VII. VIII.
The limits between this and the preceding, in
fome ſituations of growth, are ſcarcely deſcern-
ible : perhaps they are only varieties, but as
the beſt writers have ſeparated them, I was un-
willing to conjoin them.
ALOPECURUS. Gen. Pl. 78.
Cal. bivalvis. Cor. univalvis.
pratenſis 1. ALOPECURUS culmo fpicato erecto, glumis
villofis, corollis muticis. Syft. Nat. 89. (Stilling f.
Tract. t. 2. bona. Ger. Em. 11. fig. finift.)
Meadow Fox-Tail Graſs. Anglis.
In moiſt meadows frequent. 4. V.
It is eſteem'd a good graſs for hay.
agreſtis 2. A. culmo fpicato erecto, glumis fævibus. Syft.
Nat. 89. (Moris. Hijt. Ox. f. 8. t. 4. f. 8. & 12,
Bon. Barrel. Ic. t. 699. f. 1. 2. Schreb: Gram.
140. t, 19. f. 2. Ger. Em. 11. .fig. dextera.)
Field

92
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
a
Field Fox Tail Graſs. Anglis.
In corn fields and by way-ſides. 2. VI. VII,
The ſpike of this is much longer and ſlenderer
than that of the preceding, and is of a reddiſh
color,
geniculatus ALOPECURUŞ. culmo fpicato infracto, corollis
3
muticis. Syft. Nat. 89. (Ger. Em. 14. f. 2.
Scheuch. Gram. t. 3, f. 6. C. D, E, Moris. Hift.
f. 8. t. 4. f. 15. melior.)
Flote Fox-Tail Graſs. Anglis,
In places where water has ſtood in the Winter, H.
VII, VIII.
MILIUM. Gen pl. 79.
Col. bivalvis, uniflorus. Corolla breviſſima, Stig-
mata penicilliformia.
effufum 1. MILIUM foribus paniculatis diſperſis muticis.
Sp. pl. 90. (Moris. Hift. Ox. S. 8.7. 5. f. 10. benè.)
Millet-Graſs. Anglis.
In ſhady woods, but not common. Dr. Parſons.
O ? VI.
AGROSTIS. Gen. pl. 80.
Cal. 2-valvis, uniflorus, corolla paulo minor.
Stigmata longitudinaliter hiſpida,
* Ariſtata.
AGROSTIS calycibus elongatis, petalorum ariſta
dorſali reçurva, culmis proftratis ſubramofis.
Syft. Nat. 9o. (Scheuch. Gram. p. 141. t. 3. f. 9.
C)
Brown
canina 1

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
93
** Muticæ.
Brown Bent-Graſs. Anglis.
Upon peat-bogs frequent. 4. VII.
,
ſtolonifera 2 A. paniculæ ramulis patentibus muticis, culmo re-
pente, calycibus æqualibus. Syft. Nat. 9o. Sp.
2. 93. (Ger. Em. P. 26. f. 1.)
Creeping Bent-Graſs. Anglis.
In fandy or gravelly places that have lain under
water in the Winter. 24. VIII.
The ſtalk reclines on the ground towards it's baſe,
and throws out young ſhoots at the joints.
AGROSTIS panicula laxa, calycibus muticis
æqualibus. Sp. pl. 93. (Moris. Hift. S. 8. t. 6. f.
27.)
Marſh Bent-Graſs. Anglis.
In ditches and moiſt meadows. 2. VII.
This is a much larger graſs than the preceding,
and grows erect; but in other reſpects differs fo
little from it, that perhaps it would be no error
to conſider it only as a variety.
alba 3.
capillaris 4 A. panicula capillari patente, calycibus ſubulatis
æqualibus triſpidiuſculis coloratis, flofculis mu-
ticis. Sp. pl. 93. (Oed. Dan. t. 163. opt. Stillingſ.
Miſcel. t. 3.)
Fine Bent-Grafs. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures frequent. 2. VIII.
The flowers of theſe three laſt have all a ſlight
roughneſs, and are extremely related to each
other : this laſt however is the fineſt and moſt
delicate

94
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
delicate graſs of the three, and grows erect,
without any ſhoots at the joints.
AIR A. Gen. pl. 81.
Cal, bivalvis, biflorus. Floſculi abſque interjecto
rudimento.
* Muticæ.
aquatica 1. AIRA panicula patente, Aoribus muticis lævibus
calyce longioribus, foliis planis. Syft. Nat. 91.
Sp. pl. 95. (Oed. Dan. t: 381. Vail. Paris. t. 171
f.7.)
Water Hair-Graſs. Anglis.
On the banks of rivulets and ponds, but not very
common. 4. VI.
It varies, ſometimes with five or fix flowers in a
calyx, when it happens to get in a dry foil, and
then puts on the appearance of a Poa.
** Ariſtatæ.
ceſpitoſa 2. AIRA foliis planis, panicula patente, petalis baſi
villoſis ariſtatiſq; ariſta recta brevi. Sp. pl. 96.
(Moris. Hift. Ox. f. 8.t. 5.f. 17. Ger. Em. p. 5
f. 2. quoàd paniculam ſed non folia)
: Turfy Hair Graſs. Anglis.
In wet paſtures and moiſt woods. 4. VII. VIII.
The ſtalk is a yard high: the panicle often a foot
long, and when not in flower leans all one way:
the leaves grow in a thick turf, are plain, rigid,
and rough to the touch: the panicle conſiſts of
a vaſt number of ſmall flowers, which have a
grey-purple ſilvery appearance.
a
flexuoſa

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
95
a
flexuoſa 3. A. foliis ſetaceis, culmis fubnudis, panicula diva-
ricafa, pedunculis flexuoſis. Sp. pl. 96. (Oed.
Dan. t. 157. opt. Moris. Hift. S. 8. t. 7. f 9. in
imo ad dextram. Stillingf. Miſcel. t. 4. Scheuch.
Gram. 218. t. 6. f. 1. & t. 4. f. 4.)
Mountain Hair-Graſs. Anglis.
In heaths and mountainous paſtures. 4. VII.
The ſtalk is about a foot high, bearing a looſe open
panicle of ſilvery purple flowers. On rocks and
in woods it frequently varies with white flowers,
which has been diſtinguiſhed by ſome as a ſpecies.
præcox 4. A. foliis ſetaceis; vaginis angulatis, floribus pani-
culato-ſpicatis, floſculis baſi ariftatis. Sp pl. 97.
(Oed. Dan. t. 383. opt. Raj. Ang. 3. p. 408. t.
22. f. 2.)
Early Hair-Graſs. Anglis.
In ſandy barren paſtures. Dr. Parſons, O. V.
This is not above three or four inches high, and
bears a ſhort cloſe panicle of whitiſh green
flowers.
caryophylea A. foliis ſetaceis, panicula divaricata, floribus
5
ariſtatis diftantibus. Sp. pl. (Oed. Dan. t. 382.
Stillingf. Miſcel. t. 5. Moris. Hift. Ox. ſ. 8. t. 5.
f.11.)
Silver Hair-Graſs. Anglis.
In landy and barren paſtures. Dr. Parſons. O.V.
MELICA. Gen. pl. 82.
Cal. bivalvis, biflorus. Rudimentum floris inter flofculos.
MELICA petalis imberbibus, panicula nutante
ſimplici. Sp. pl. 98. (Moris. Hift. Ox. f. 8. t. 7.
f. 48: & ejus Varietas f. 49.)
Melic
nutans I.

96
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
Melic-Graſs. Anglis.
In ſhady woods not uncommon: it's variety with
flowers nearly ſeſſile, growing in a ſpike inſtead
of a panicle. I obſerv'd in Lord Breadalbane’s
woods at Ardmaddy, in Nether-Lorn. The ca-
lyces of both are of an auburn color, and the
flowers within them green, 4. VI-VIII.
cærulea 2. M. panicula coarctata, Aoribus cylindricis. Lin.
Mantiſs. p. 325. Aira cærulea Sp. pl. 95. (Oed.
Dan. t. 239. Moris. Hift. Ox. f. 8. t. 5. f. 22.)
Purple Melic-Graſs. Anglis. Pund-Glaſs. Gaulis.
In wet, mooriſh, and barren ground frequent. 24;
VIII.
This graſs is readily diſtinguiſhed by it's black pur-
ple panicle: it has a bulbofe root; blue aftheræ,
and a purple piſtil, with two or three flowers in
a calyx.
The fiſhermen in the iſle of Skie make ropes for
their nets of this graſs, which they find by ex-
perience will bear the watër well without rotting.
alpina 1.
PO A. Gen. pl. 83.
Cal, bivalvis, multiflorus. Spicula ovata ; valvulis
margine ſcabioſis acutiuſculis.
POA panicula diffuſa ramoſiſſima, ſpiculis ſexfloris
cordatis. Sp. pl. 99. (ejus. varitas vivipara
Scheuch. Iter Alp. p. 38. t. 4. f. 2. & Agroſto-
graph. p. 22. t. 4. f. 14.)
Alpine Meadow-Graſs. Anglis.
On the ſides of Craig-challeach, above Finlarig, in
Brendatbane. Mr. Stuart. 24. VI.
The

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
97
The ſpecimen I ſaw was the viviparous kind: the
leaves are ſmooth, compreſſed, and a little re-
cury'd: the ſtalk is five inches high, ſlender,
and purple : the panicle open, and thinly ſet
with flowers : the calyces of a purple color: the
germina viviparous.
triviális 2. P: panicula diffuſa, ſpiculis trifloris bafi pubeſcen-
tibus, culmo erecto tereti. Sp. pl. 99. (Ger. Em,
p. 2. f. 2.)
Common Meadow-Graſs. Anglis.
In meadows almoſt every where. 4. Vİ.
Anguſtifolia P. panicula diffufa, fpiculis quadrifloris pubeſcenti-
3.
bus, culmo erecto tereti. Sp. pl. 99. (Moris,
Hift. S. 8. t. 5.f. 19.)
Narrow-leay'd Meadow-Grafs. Anglis.
In woods and hedges. 4. VII.
pratenſis 4: P. panicula diffuſa, ſpiculis quinque foris glabris,
culmo erecto tereti. Sp. pl. 99. (Moris. Hift. Om
J. 8. 4. 5. f. 18. Ger, Em, P. 2. f. I.)
Great Meadow-Graſs. Anglis.
In rich meadows. 4. VI.
Theſe three laſt are eſteem'd amongſt our beſt
graſſes for hay.
annua 56
P. panicula diffuſa angulis rectis, fpiculis obtuſis,
culmo oblique compreffo. Sp. pl. 99. (Stillingf.
Miſcel. t. 7. bona Ger. Em. p. 3. f. 2.)
Annual Meadow-Graſs. Anglis.
In meadows and by way fides. 0. IV-IX.
compreſſa 6. P. panicula coarctata ſecunda, culmo obliquo com-
H
preffo.

98
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
a
preſſo. Sp. pl. 101. (Vaill. Paris. t. 18. f. 5.)
Flat ſtalk'd Meadow-Graſs. Anglis.
On walls at Mellroſs- Abbey, &c. O ? VI.
When growing upon walls it has commonly about
three flowers in each ſpicula; when it deſcends
into paſtures or moiſt ground it has ſix or more.
nemoralis 7 P. panicula attenuata, ſpiculis ſub-bifloris mucro-
natis ſcabris, culmo incurvo. Sp. pl. 102. (Scheuch
Agroft. 164. t. 2. fig. dextra. Iter. 2. p. 135. t.
18. f. 3.)
Wood Meadow-Graſs. Anglis.
In woods and ſhady places not unfrequent. 24 ?
VII.
It has a weak ſtalk above a yard high: a Nender
nodding panicle of pale green flowers: the glumes
of the calyx are ſtreak'd with fine lines.
maritimc 8. P. panicula ſubſpicata, fpiculis ſecundis coarétatis,
foliis convolutis. Hudſ. Fl. Ang. 35. (Oed. Dan.
t. 251.)
Sea Meadow-Graſs. Anglis.
On the ſea coaſts in many places : I obſerv'd it in
the iſland of Oranja, and in Skye at Dunvegan
caſtle, and at Loch-Broom in Roſs-shire 24. VII.
The ſtalks are about fix inches high, bent at the
joints: the calyces are edg’d with purple: the
fpiculee nearly cylindrical, each conſiſting of fix
or eight flowers. It is very nearly related to the
feftuca fluitons ; perhaps the ſea water may oc-
caſion the difference.
P. panicula fpicata, calycibus fubpilofis fubquadri
fioris
criteta 9.

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
99
Boris pedunculo longioribus, petalis ariſtatis.
Syft. Nat. 94. Aira criſtata. Sp. pl. 94. (Moris.
Hift. f. 8. t. 4. f. 7. Loes. Pruf. p. 110. n; 22
bon.)
Criſted Poa Graſs. Anglis.
In dry and mountainous paſtures frequent: 4. VII.
This graſs is about five or fix inches high : the
leaves and ſtalk downy : the panicle clofe like a
ſpike, of a white or greyiſh color, with purple
antheræ.
a
. .
medica 1.
BRIZA. Gen. Pl. 84.
Cal. bivalvis multiflorus. Spicula diſticha, valvulis
cordatis, obtufis; interiore minuta.
BRIZA ſpiculis ovatis, calyce flofculis (7) breviore.
Sp. pl. 103. (Oed. Dan. t. 258. Moris. Hift. S. 8.
t. 6. f. 45. benè.)
Cow-quakes, Quaking-Graſs. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures, but rare in the highlands.
I.
DACTYLIS. Gen. Pl. 86.
Cal. bivalvis, compreſſus; altera valvula majore
carinata.
glomeratus DACTYLIS panicula fecunda glomerata. Lin. Sp.
pl. 105. (Moris. Hift. Ox. S. 8. t. 6. f. 38. Bauh.
Prod. 9. fig. ſiniſtra.)
Rough Cock's-Foot-Graſs. Anglis.
By way-ſides and under hedges frequent. 2. VII.
It is a very troubleſome creeping graſs in a garden,
and difficult to be deſtroy’d. The gardeners call
H 2
this

Ιοο
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
this, and ſeveral other creeping kinds, Couch-
Graſs.
CYNOSURUS. Gen. Pl. 87.
Cal. bivalvis, multiflorus, Recpt. proprium unila-
terale, foliaceum.
criſtatus 1. CYNOSURUS bracteis pinnatifidis. Sp. pl. 105.
(Oed. Dan. t. 238. opt. Barel. ic. 27. Schreber.
t. 8.)
Creſted Dog's-Tail Graſs. Anglis.
In dry paſtures frequent. 4. VII.
This is eſteem'd an excellent graſs to feed ſheep and
deer.
cæruleus 2. CYNOSURUS bracteis integris. Sp. pl. 106. (Ar-
duin. Spec. 2. p.18. t.6. fig. 3. 4. 5. Scheuch. Gram.
.
p. 83. t. 2. f. 9. A. B. Bauh. Prod. p. 21. n. 73.
cum Icone. ſed malè.)
Blue Dog-Tail Graſs. Anglis.
In wet places on the ſides of the mountains about
Little-Loch-Broom, in Roſs-shire, &c. 4. VI. VII.
The root is thick and white : the ſtalks from
twelve to eighteen inches high: the leaves plain,
fheathing the ſtalks at the baſe : the flowers grow
in a cloſè imbricated ſpike, three-fourths of an
inch long, and nearly oval, of a blue or grey
color: the involucrum of each ſpicula conſiſts
of two oval acuminated glumes, of equal ſize,
and filvery color, ſubtending one, two or three
flowers, of a blue or grey color : the exterior
valve of the lower is truncated, and terminated
with

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
101
with three equal points, or ſhort beards; the in-
terior with only two.
ovina I.
FESTUCA. Gen. Pl. 88.
Cal. bivalvis. Spicula oblonga teretiuſcula, glumis
acuminatis,
* Panicula ſecunda.
FESTUCA panicula ſecunda coarctata ariſtata
culmo tetragono nudiuſculo, foliis ſetaceis. Sp.
pl. 108. (Loeſ. Pruſ. 110. n. 24. Moris. Hift. S.
8. t. 3. f. 13. Pluk. Phyt, t. 34. f. 2. Stillingf.
Miſcel. t. 8.)
Sheeps Feſcue Grafs. Anglis.
In dry paſtures frequent. 2. VI.
The flowers vary with and without ariſtæ. It is an
excellent graſs for ſheep paſtures.
vivipara B. F. fpiculis viviparis. Sp. pl. 108. (Raj. Syn. 408.
t. 22. f. 1. Scheuch. Gram. 213. t. 1. bon.)
Viviparous-Feſcue-Graſs. Anglis.
Upon rocks and mountains frequent. 4. VII.
This is only a variety of the preceding, the germi-
na ſhooting before the ſeeds are ripe.
duriuſcula 2 F. panicula ſecunda oblonga, ſpiculis 6-Aoris ob-
longis lævibus, foliis ſetaceis. Sp. pl. 108. (Raj.
Syn. p. 379. t. 19. f. 1.)
Hard Feſcue-Graſs. Anglis.
In dry paſtures, and upon rocks in the craig of
Ailfa abundantly. 4. VI.
The
H 3

102
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
The radical leaves are filiforme and channelled,
thoſe on the ſtalk plain.
rubra 3
F. panicula ſecunda ſeabra, ſpiculis 6-floris ariſta-
tis; flofculo ultimo mutico, culmo femiteriti,
Sp. pl. 109. (Stillingf. Miſcel. t. 9?)
Purple Feſcue-Grafs. Anglis.
In dry mountainous paſtures. The iſle of Canay
abounds with this and the F. ovina, 24. VII.
Þronoides 4 F. panicula ſecunda, fpiculis erectis lævibus, caly-
cis altera valvula integra, altera ariſtata, sp. pl.
110 (Pluk. Phyt, t. 33. f. 10.)
In dry paſtures, but not common. O. VI.
The ſtalks frequently decline towards the ground.
eiatior 5.
F. panicula fecunda erecta, fpiculis fubariſtatis ex-
terioribus teretibus. Sp. pl. u. (Moris. Hiſt.
Ox. f. 8. t. 2. f. 15.)
In moiſt rich meadows, but not common. Dr.
Parſons. 4. VII.
It is a graſs that makes moft excellent fodder for
cattle,
** Panicula æquali.
decumlent FESTUCA panicula erecta, ſpiculis fubovatis mu-
6.
ticis, calyce flofculis majore, culmo decumbente.
Sp. pl. 110. (Oed. Dan. t. 162. opt. Moris. Hift.
S. 8. t. 1. f. 6. Pluk. Phyt. t. 34. f. 1.)
Decumbent Feſcue-Graſs. Anglis.
In dry mountainous paſtures. I ſaw no where
ſuch

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
103
ſuch plenty of it as in the iſland of Canay. 4.
VII.
fuitans 7. F. panicula rainoſa erecta, fpiculis fubfeffilibus te-
recibus muticis. Sp. pl. 111. (Moris. Hift. S. 8.1.
3. f. 16. Stilling f. Miſcel. t. 10.)
Flote Feſcue-Grafs. Anglis. To
In ditches and watery places frequent. 2.VII.
This graſs is of a ſucculent nouriſhing quality, and
cattle are very fond of it. It would doubtleſs
be a good kind to fow in wet meadows.
The ſeeds of this grafs are in Poland and Germany
brought to the tables of the great, as an agree-
able and nouriſhing food, under the name of
Manna Seeds.
Sylvatica 8. F. fpicata, fpiculis alternis fubdiſtichis feffilibus
ariftatis. Huds. Fl. Ang. p. 38. Bromus pinna-
tus. Lin. sp. pl. (Oed. Dan. t. 164)
Wood Feſcue-Graſs. Anglis.
In woods and hedges not uncommon. 4. VIII.
The beards ariſe from the extremity of the glumes :
it is therefore properly a feſtuca, tho' it has the
habit of a bromus, the leaves being hairy, the
fpiculæ rough, and the beards lony.
BROMUS. Gen. Pl. 89.
Cal. bivalvis. Spicula oblonga, teres, diſticha;
ariſta. infra apicem.
BROMUS panicula erectiuſcula, fpicis ovatis
pubeſcentibus ; ariftis rectis, foliis molliſime
villoſis.
mollis 1.
3

104
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
villoſis. Sp. pl. 112. (Moris. Hiſt. Ox. f. 8. t. 7.
f. 18.& ejus varietas. f. 19.)
Soft Brome-Graſs. Anglis.
In meadows and on dry banks. 0. VI.
arvencis 2, BROMUS paniculą nutante, fpiculis ovato obs
longis. Sp. pl. 113. (Oed. Dan. 293.)
Corn Brome Grafs. Anglis.
I found what I take to be a very ſingular variety
of this upon the fandy ſhore in the iſland of
Oranſay. The ſtalks were about five inches
high : the radical leaves ſmooth, ſtiff, chan-
nelled and ſubulated; thoſe on the ſtalks broader,
fheathing it like Spathe : the cloſe panicle, or
rather ſpike, conſiſted of eight or ten ſpiculæ,
nearly feffile, and growing on one ſide of the
ſtalk: theſe ſpiculæ were ſmooth, without beards,
exactly like thoſe in the figure referr’d to, con-
lifting each of about five powers. I apprehend
the ſea-water occaſions the convolution of the
leaves, and the poverty of the ſoil the other dif-
ferences. 0. VII.
Herilis 3. B. panicula patula fpiculis oblongis diſtichis, glu:
mis ſubulato ariſtatis. Sp. pl. 113. (Moris. Hiſt,
Ox. Sect. 8. t. 7. f. 11. Ger. Em. 76. f. 1. benè.)
Barren Brome-Graſs. Anglis.
In hedges and on walls and dry banks. 0. VI.
giganteus 4
BROMUS panicula nutante, fpiculis quadrifloris
ariſtis brevioribus. Sp. pl. 114. (Vaill. Botan,
Paris. t. 18 f. 3.)
Tall

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
105
Tall Brome-Graſs. Anglis.
In ſhady woods, as at Armaddy, in Nether-Lorn,
&c. 2. VIII.
AVENA. Gen. Pl. 91.
Ceb, bivalvis, multiflorus ; ariſta dorſali contorta,
elatior I.
AVENA paniculata, calycibus bifloris floſculo
hermaphrodito ſubmutico, maſculo ariſtato. Sp.
pl. 117. (Oed. Dan. 165. Moris. Hiſt. S. 8. t. 7.
f. 37 & 38. Bauh. Prod. p. 3. fig. ad dext.)
Tall Oat-Graſs. Anglis.
Swines Ar-Nuts, or Earth-Nuts. Scotis.
In hedges and paſtures frequent. 2. VII.
It varies with fibrous roots, or with ſeveral tuber-
cles laid upon one another.
fatua 2. A. paniculata calycibus trifloris, flofculis omnibus
baſi piloſis; ariſtis totis lævibus. Sp. pl. 118.
(Moris. Hift. S. 8. t. 7.f. 5. Barrel. ic. 75. n. 2.)
Bearded Oat-Graſs. Anglis.
In corn fields. Sibbald. O. VII.
The beard of this is well known to make a very
ſenſible hygrometer. The ſeeds have a hairy
kind.
pubeſcens 3. A. ſubſpicata, calycibus fubtrifloris baſi pilofis,
foliis planis pubeſcentibus. Syft. Nat. 99. (Raj.
Syn. 406. t. 21. f. 2.)
Soft Oat-Graſs. Anglis.
On dry mountainous paſtures. 4. VI. VII.
pratenſis 4. AVENA ſubípicata, calycibus 5-floris. Sp. pl. 119.
Raj.

106
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
(Raj. Syn. 406. t. 21. f. 1. bona. Moris. Hift. S. 8.
1.7. f.21. Vaill. Par. t. 18. f. 1.)
Meadow Oat Graſs. Anglis.
On dry mountainous paftures about Blair, &c. 4.
VII.
The leaves are ſmooth, narrow, ſtiff, their edges
frequently turning inwards : the fpiculæ grow
parallel to the ſtalk, and cloſe to it, generally
but one on a peduncle.
flaveſcens 5 A. panicula laxa, calycibus trifloris brevibus, flof-
culis omnibus ariſtatis. Sp.pl. 118. (Moris. Hift.
S. 8. t. 7. f. 42. Schreb. Gram. 72. t. 9)
Yellow Oat-Graſs. Anglis.
In dry meadows and paſtures. Dr. Parſons. 4. VII.
The panicle is compoſed of numerous ſpiculæ,
much ſmaller than in any of the other ſpecies,
and of a yellowiſh color.
1.
ARUNDO. Gen. Pl. 93.
Cal. bivalvis. Floſculi congeſti, lana cincti.
phragmites ARUNDO calycibus quinquefloris, panicula laxa.
Sp. pl. 120. (Moris. Hift. S. 8. t 8. f. 1. Ger.
Em, 36. f. I.)
Common Reed-Graſs. Anglis.
On the ſides of lochs and in ditches frequent. 2.
VII.
calamagro. ARUNDO calycibus unifloris, culmo ramoſo. Sp.
pl 121. (Oed. Dan. t. 280. Moris. Hift. S. 8. t.
8. f. 2. Scheuch. Gram. 122. t. 5. benè )
iis 2.
Branched

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
107
Branched Reed-Graſs. Anglis.
In ſhady moiſt places, but not common. 24. VII.
arenaria 3. A. calycibus unifloris, folis involutis mucronato-
pungentibus. Sp. pl. 121. (Moris. Hift. S. 8.t.4.
f. 16.)
Sea Reed-Graſs. Anglis. Bent. Scotis. Muran.
Gaulis.
On the ſea ſhore in fandy places not unfrequent
as on the coaſt of Cantire, between Machrianiſt
bay and Barr, and near Aberbrothick, in Angus,
&c. 24. VII.
perenne 1.
LOLIUM. Gen. Pl. 95.
Cal. monophyllus, fixus, multiflorus,
LOLIUM ſpica mutica, ſpiculis compreſſis multi-
Aoris. Sp. pl. 122. (Moris. Hift. S. 8. t. 2, f. 2. Ger.
Ein. 78. f. 2.)
Perennial Darnel-Graſs. Anglis.
By way-ſides and in paſtures common. 4. VI.
temulentum L. fpica ariſtata, fpiculis diſtantibus compreſlis
multifloris. Syft. Nat. 100. (Oed. Dan. t. 160.)
Annual Darnel-Graſs. Anglis.
In corn fields, but not common. Dr. Parſons. O.
VIII.
The ſeeds of this graſs will intoxicate man, birds,
and beaſts; and taken in any conſiderable quan-
tity will bring on convulſions and death. Haller.
Helvet. 205, 206.
2.
ELYMUS.

108
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
ELYMUS. Gen. Pl. 96.
Cal. lateralis, bivalvis, aggregatus, multiflorus.
arenarius i. ELYMUS fpica erecta arcta, calycibus fomentoſis
flofculo longioribus. Sp.pl. 122. (Fig, nulla, quam
ſcio, credenda. Fig. 14. f. 8.t.4. Moris. Hift. Ox.
appropinquat, Jed [pica nimis parva & brevis, nu
tomentoſa.)
Sea Lime-Graſs. Anglis.
On the ſea coaſt in fandy places, but not common.
24. VI, VII.
The leaves are channeled, rigid and pungent: the
ſpike linear, downy, and about eight or nine
inches long. The creeping roots of this graſs,
and the arundo arenaria, confine the ſea ſands
from being blown about by the winds, and by
that means prevent often very deſtructive inun-
dations.
caninus 2. ELYMUS ſpica nutante actta ſpiculis rectis invo-
lucro deftitutis, infimis geminis. Sp. pl. 124.
Triticum caninum. Hudſ. Fl. Ang. 45. (Moris.
Hift. S. 8. t. 1. f. 2.)
Dog's Lyme-Graſs. Anglis.
In dry ſhady upland woods. Dr. Parſons.
In the den of Bethaick, near Perth, &c.
HORDEUM. Gen. Pl. 98.
Cel. lateralis, bivalvis, uniflorus, ternus,
suurinum 1. HORDEUM iofculis lateralibus maſculis ariſtatis,
involucris intermediis ciliatis. Sp.pl. 126.(Scheuch.
Gram.

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
109
Gram.p. 14. bene. Moris. Hift. f. 8. t. 6. f. 4. in
imo dextram. & ejus var. B. Vaill. Paris. t. 17. f.
6. benè.)
Wall Barley. Anglis.
ton On walls and by way ſides. 0. VI-VIII.
TRITICUM. Gen. Pl. 99.
Cal. bivalvis, ſolitarius, ſubtriflorus. Flos obtuſuf-
culus, acutus.
junceum 1. TRITICUM calycibus quinquefloris truncatis,
foliis involutis. Sp.pl. 128. (Pluk. Phyt. t. 33. f.
4. a.)
Sea Wheat-Grafs. Anglis.
On the ſea coaſts in ſandy places frequent, as in
the iſle of Bute, on the Weſtern coaſt of Cantiro,
and in the iſlands of Oranſay, and Icolumb-kill
abundantly. 2. VII.
repens 2.
T. calycibus quadriforis fubulatis acuminatis, fo-
liis planif. Syft. Nat. p. 102. Sp. pl. 128. (Moris.
Hiſt, Ox. f. 8. t. 1. f. 8. in imo.)
Dog's-Grafs, or Couch-Graſs. Anglis.
In hedges and corn-fields. 4. VII.
The roots of this graſs are eſteem'd to be diuretid
and reſolvent; and have been recommended by
the great Boerhave in ſcirhoſities of the liver.
maritimum TRITICUM calycibus ſexforis, flofculis ſecundis
3.
apice ariſtatis. Lin. Mantiſs. p. 325. Sp. pl. 128.
Poa loliacea. Huds. Fl. Ang. 35. (Pluk. phyt. t.
32. f. 7. Moris. /. 8. t. 2. f. 6. ordine 2. do.)
Sea Wheat-Graſs, Anglis.
On

110
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
On the ſandy ſea ſhore upon the Weſtern coaſt of
Cantire. O. VI.
The ſtalks are about four or five inches high, firmi
and ſtiff: the ſpiculæ grow feſlile and alternate,
and in all the ſpecimens I have ever ſeen, without
beards, exactly agreeable to Plukenet's figure. I
ſtrongly ſuſpect it to be only a variety of the Poa
rigida Lin. Sp. pl. 101. Moris. Hift. S. 8. t. 2. f.
9.
& Vail. Paris. t. 18. f. 4. occaſioned by the
ſea water.
TRIG Y NI A.
fontana i.
MONTIA. Gen. Pl. iof.
Cal. diphyllus. Cor. 1. petala, irregularis. Caps.
1. locularis, 3-valvis.
MONTIA. Sp. pl. 119. (Oed. Dan. t. 131. Mich.
Gen. 18. t. 13. f. 2. Pluk. phyt. t. 7. f. 5. Vail.
Paris. t. 3. f. 4. opt. Pet. herb. t. 10. f. 12.)
Blinking Chickweed. Anglis.
By the ſides of ſprings and rivulets frequent. O.V.
CLASSIS

TETRANDRIA.
IIL
CLASS I S IV.
T E T R A N D RI A
Μ Ο Ν Ο G Υ Ν Ι Α.
* Flores monapetali, monoſpermi, Superi aggregati.
DIPSACUS. Cal. communis foliaceus. Recept.
conicum, paleaceum. Sem. columnaria.
SCABIOSA. Cal. communis. Recept. elevatum
ſubpaleaceum. Sem. coronata, involuta.
.
** Flamonopetali, monocarpi, inferi.
CENTUNCULUS. Cor. rotata. Cal. 4. partitus.
Caps. 1. locularis, circumſciſſa.
PLANTAGO. Cor. refracta. Cal. 4. partitus. Ceps.
2. locularis, circumſciffa.
* Gentiana campeſtris.
Fl. monopetali, monocarpi, ſuperi.
SANGUISORBA. Cor. plana. Cal. 2. phyllus.
Caps. 4.gona, inter calycem & corollam.
Fl. monopetali, dicocei, ſuperi. Stellatæ.
GALIUM. Cor. plana. Fru&tus fubgloboſi
.
ASPERULA. Cor. tubuloſa. Frutus ſubgloboſi.
SHERARDIA. Cor. tubuloſa. Fructus corona-
tus. Sem. 3-dentatis.
Fl.

112
TETRA NDRI A.
Fl. tetrapetali, fuperi.
CORNUS. Cal. 4-dentatus, deciduus. Drupa nua
cleo 2-loculari.
Fl. incompleti, inferi.
ALCHEMILLA. Cal. 8-fidus. Sem. 1. calyce in
cluſum.
DIG Υ Ν Ι Α.
APHANES, Cor. nulla. Cal. 8-fidus. Sem. 2.
* Gentiana campeſtris.
TE TRA G Y NI A.
ILEX. Cor. 1-petala. Cal. 4-dentatus. Bacea 4
ſperma,
SAGINA. Cor. 4-petala. Cal. 4-phyllus. Caps.
4-locularis polyfperma.
POTAMOGETON. Cor. o. Cal. 4-phyllus. Sem.
4, feffilia.
RUPPIA. Cor. o. Cal. o. Sem. 4, pedicellata,
* Linum catharticum.
CLASSIS

TETRÅNDRIÀ MONOGYNIÀ.
113
CLASS I S IV.
Τ Ε Τ R Α Ν D RI A
MONOG YN I A.
DIPSACUS. Gen. Pl. 114.
Cal. communis polyphyllus ; proprius fuperus. Re-
cept. paleaceum
Fullonum 1. DIPSACUS foliis feſilibus ferratis, paleis fru&tus
ereétis. Lin. Mantiſs. 328. Sp. pl. 140. Dipſacus
Sylveſtris. Hudſ. Fl. Ang. (Ger. Em. 1167. f. 2.
Moris. Hift. S. 7. t. 36. f. 3.)
Wild Teaſel. Anglis.
In rude uncultivated places, ás at Lord Elgin's
lime-works near Dunfermling, &c. š. VII. VIII.
piloſus 2. D. foliis petiolatis appendiculatis. sp. pl. 141.
(Ger. Em. 1168. f. 3i malè, quia fine appendi-
culis.)
Small Wild Teaſel, or Shepherd's-Rod. Anglis.
In moiſt hedges and ditches, but not common.
The heads of flowers in this ſpecies are ſpherical
and white, in the preceding oval, and the flowers
purple. . VIII.
SCABIOSA. Gen. Pl. 115.
Col. communis polyphyllus ; proprius duplex ſupe-
rus. Recept. paleaceum ſeu nudum.
* Corollulis quadrifidis.
I
SCABIOSA

114
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
ſucciſa 1. SCABIOSA corollulis quadrifidis æqualibus, caule
fimplici, ramis approximatis, foliis lanceolato-
ovatis integerrimis. Sp. pl. 142. (Oed. Dan. t.
279. opt. Moriſt. Hift. 5. 6. f. 13. f. 7. Ger. Em.
.
726. ſed. fol. ferratis.)
Devil's-Bit. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures. 4. VIII.
arvenſis 2. SCABIOSA çorollulis quadrifidis radiantibus, caule
hifpido, foliis pinnatifidis, lobis diſtantibus. Sp.
pl. 143. (Oed. Dan. t. 447. opt. Moris. Hift. S. 6.
t. 13. f. 1. Ger. Em. 719. f. 1.)
Corn-Scabious. Angtis. Gille-guirmein. Gaulis.“
In corn-fields frequent. 4. VIII.
** Corollulis 5-fidis.
columbaria S. corollulis quinquefidis radiantibus, foliis radica-
3.
libus ovatis crenatis, caulinis pinnatis ſetaceis.
Sp. pl. 143. (Oed. Dan. t. 314. opt. Ger. Em. 719.
f. 2.)
Little Field Scabious. Anglis.
Upon dry mountainous paſtures, but rare. Sibbald.
SHERARDIA. Gen. Pl. 120.
Cor. monopetala, infundibuliformis. Sem. 2, triden-
tata,
arvenſis 1.
SHERARDIA foliis omnibus verticillatis, floribus
terminalibus. Sp. pl. 149. (Oed. Dan. t. 439. opt.
Barrel.ic. 541. N. 1.)
Little Field-Madder. Anglis.
In corn fields of ſandy or gravelly ſoil not unfre.
quent. 0. VI-VIII. The flowers are purple.
ASPERULA.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
113
ASPERULA. Gen. Pl. 121.
Cor. monopetala, infundibuliformis. Sem. 2, glo-
boſa.
odorata 1. ASPERULA foliis octonis lanceolatis, forum fala
ciculis pedunculatis. sp. pl. 150. (Miller. 6. 55.
f. 2. Ger. Em. 1124. f. 1. Moris. Hift. S. 9. t. 22.
ſub eodem nomine.)
Woodruff. Anglis.
In woods and ſhady places. 4. V.
GALIUM. Gen. pl. 125.
Cor. monopetala, plana. Sem. 2, fubrotunda.
* Fruetu glabro.
paluftre 1. GALIUM foliis quaternis obovatis inæqualibus,
caulibus diffufis. Sp. pl. 153. (Oed. Dan. t: 423,
opt. Pet. herb. t. 30, f. 5.)
White Ladies Bedſtraw. Anglis.
On the ſides of lochs and rivulets. Dr. Parſons.
4. VII.
2.
uliginoſum G. foliis ſenis lanceolatis retrorfum ſerrato-aculeatis
mucronatis, corollis fructu majoribus. Sp. pl.
153. (Pet. herb. t. 30, f. 6.)
Marſh Bedſtraw. Anglis.
By river-ſides and in moiſt meadows. 4. VII.
Galium montanum Hudſ. Fl. Ang. 56, ſeems to be
only a variety of this, growing in dry and moun-
tainous paſtures.
verum 3.
G, foliis octonis linearibus ſulcatis, ramis foriferis
I 2
brevibus

16 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
brevibus. Sp.pl. 155. (Miller. ic. 139. f. 1. Ger.
Em. 1126. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. S. 9. 6. 21. f. 1. ſeconda
ardine od finiftram.)
Yellow Ladies Bedſtraw. Anglis. Rù. Gaulis.
On dry banks and fandy ſea fhores abundantly. 2.
VIII.
In Arran, and ſome of the Weſtern iſlands, the in-
habitants make a ſtrong decoction of this herb,
and uſe it as a runnet to curdle milk : and in
Jura, Uiſt, and Lewis, &c. I was inform’d they
uſed the roots to dye a very fine red, not inferior
to that from madder itſelf, but the roots are
finall.
mollugo 4. GALIUM foliis octonis ovato-linearibus fubferra-
tis patentiſfimis mucronatis, caule flaccido, ra-
mis patentibus. Sp. pl. 155. (Oed Dan. t. 455.
opt. Ger. Em. 1127. f. 4. Moris. hift. S. 9, t. 22.
f. 1. ordine primo.)
Great Baſtard Madder. Anglis.
In hedges, and on fhaded rocks by the ſides of ri-
vers, but not common. In Cartland rocks near
Lanerk, &c. 4. VII.
** Fru&u triſpido.
G. foliis quaternis lanceolatis trinerviis glabris,
caule erecto, ſeminibus triſpidis. Sp. pl. 156.
(Moris. hift. f. 9. t. 22. f. 7. Pet. berb. t. 30. f.
7. ſed amba fig. malæ.)
Croſſwort, or Northern-Madder. Anglis.
Upon rocks by the ſides of rivers and lakes not
unfrequent. 24. VII.
The
oreale 5

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
117
The roots of this and the preceding have the qua-
lity of dying red as well as the galium verum,
but are not to be found in ſufficient quantity
for uſe.
aparine 6. G. foliis octonis lanceolatis carinatis ſcabris retror-
ſum aculeatis, geniculis villoſis, fructu hiſpido.
Sp. pl. 157. (Oed. Dan. t. 495. opt. Ger. Em.
1122. f. 1. Moris. hift. S. 9. t. 22. f. 1. ordinis
fecundi ad finiftram.)
Cleavers or Gooſe-graſs. Anglis.
In hedges and cultivated ground frequent. O. VI.
VII.
Linnæus tells us that the Swedes filtrate their milk
through a quantity of the ſtalks of this herb: an
obſervation that may poſſibly be of uſe to ſuch
who are deſtitute of proper ſtrainers for that
purpoſe.
major 1
PLANTAGO. Gen. Pl. 142.
Cal. 4-fidus. Cor. 4-fida; limbo reflexo. Stamina
longiffima. Caps. bilocularis, circumſciſla.
PLANTAGO foliis ovatis glabris, fcapo tereti,
ſpica Aofculis imbricatis. Sp. pl. 163. (Oed. Dan.
t. 461. opt. Ger. Em. 419. f. 1.)
Great Plantain. Anglis. Cuach-Phàdruic. Gaulis,
In paſtures and by way-ſides. 4. VI. VII.
media 2.
P. foliis ovato-lanceolatis pubeſcentibus, ſpica cy-
lindrica, ſcapo tereti. Sp. pl. 163. (Ger. Em.
419. f. 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 8. t. 15. f. 6.)
Hoary
I 3

118 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
a
up Hoary Plantain. Anglis.
In paſtures of a gravelly foil, but not common.
Sibbald. 4. VI. VII.
lanceolata 3 P, foliis lanceolatis, ſpica ſubovata nuda, fcapo an-
gulato. Sp. pl. 164. (Oed. Dan. t. 437. Ger. Em.
422. f. 1.)
Kibwort Plantain. Anglis. Slàn-lus. Gaulis.
In meadows and paſtures common. 24. VII.
There is a dwarfiſh variety of this, with a globular
spike, growing ſometimes in barren and rocky
places, which ſeems to be the Plantago montana
Hudſ. Fl. Angl. 53.
maritima 4 P. foliis ſemicylindraceis integerrimis, baſi lanatis ;
fcapo țereti. Sp.pl. 165. (Oed. Dan. t. 243. opt.)
Sea Plantain. Anglis,
It grows not only by the ſea ſhores, but even to
the ſummits of the higheſt mountains in the
highlands: the antheræ, are conſtantly yellow.
24. VII.
coronopus 5 PLANTAGO foliis linearibus dentatis, fcapo te-
reti. Sp. pl. 166. (Oed. Dan. t. 272. opt. Ger.
Emac. 427. f. 1. Moriſt. hift. S. 8. t, 17. f. 31.)
Buckſhorn Plantain. Anglis.
In gravelly ſoils not unfrequent, and often upon
the ſea coaſt. O. VII,
CENTUNCULUS. Gen. Pl. 145.
Cal. 4-fidus. Cor. 4-fida, patens. Stam. brevia.
Caps, I-locularis, circumſciſſa.
minimus

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
119
minimus I. CENTUNCULUS. Sp. pl. 1169. (Oed. Dan. t.
177. opt. Vail. Paris. t. 4. f. 2.)
Baſtard Pimpernel. Anglis.
In gravelly places that are a little moiſt, but not
common. Dr. Parſons. O. VII.
go bom bor
SANGUISORBA. Gen. Pl. 146.
Cal. 2-phyllus. Germen inter calycem corollamque.
officinalis 1. SANGUISORBA fpicis ovatis. Sp. pl. 169. (Oed.
Dan. f. 97. opt. Moris. hift. S. 8. t. 18. f. 7. Ger.
ĐI EM. IO45. f. 2.)
Great Wild Burnet. Anglis.
In low moiſt meadows near Dumfries, &c. but not
common. 4. VI. VII.
ſuccica 1.
CORNUS. Gen. Pl. 149.
Involucrum 4-phylluin fæpius. Petela ſupera qua-
tuor. Drupa nucleo biloculari.
CORNUS herbacea ramis binis. Sp. pl. 171. (Oed,
Dan. t. 5. opt. Flor. Lap. t. 5.f. 3. & fig. noft.
Dwarf Honeyſuckle. Ang is. HD
Lus-a-chraois. Gaulis. i. e. Plant-of-Gluttony.
In mooriſh places by rivulets on the ſides of the
highland mountains not unfrequent, in Athol,
about Loch-Rannoch, on Ben-mor and Chealleach
in Breadalbane, and in Roſs-ſhire on the moun-
tains about Loch-Broom, &c. 2. VI. VII.
This elegant plant is about fix inches high: the
leaves grow oppoſite to each other, oval, ſmooth,
feffile, and ribb'd with five nerves: the involu-
crum of the flower conſiſts of four white leaves
reſembling
ad

120
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
reſembling the petals of a corolla, in the cen-
tre of which grow twenty or more ſmall blackiſh
tetrapetalous flowers, ſupported by ſhort pedun-
cles: theſe are ſucceeded by a cluſter of red
berries when ripe ; in each of which is a heart-
ſhap'd kernel, having two cells. The berries
have a ſweet wateriſh taſte, and are ſuppoſed by
the highlanders to create a great appetite, whence
the Erſe name of the plant. Mr. Stuart.
ALCHEMILLA. Gen. Pl. 165,
Cal. 8-fidus.. Cor. . Semen unicum.
vulgaris T. ALCHEMILLA foliis lobatis. Sp. pl. 178. (Morise
biſt. ſ. 2. t. 20.f. 1. in imo. Miller. icon. p. 18.&
Var. minor. foliis pubeſcentibus. Pluk. t. 240. f. 2)
Ladies Mantle. Anglis. Copan-an-driuc, Cota-
preaſach-nion-an Ri. Gaulis.
In dry paſtures and on the ſides of mountains
abundantly. H. V-VIII.
alpina 2. ALCHEMILLA foliis digitatis ſerratis. Sp. pl.
179. (Oed. Dan. t. 49. opt. Pet. herb. t. 9.f. 11.
Moris. hiſt. S. 2. t. 20.f. 3. ſed malè quippè folia
non apice ſerrata.)
Cinquefoil Ladies-Manțle. Anglis,
cieron o Upon all the mountains in the highlands abun-
dantly, even on their very ſummits : one of the
moft aerial plants of N, Britain. The leaves
roosa are generally divided into ſeven lobes, ferrated
- slov at the extremities, and of a beautiful white fattin
e
folor underneath.
Sthlm
DIGYNIA.

TETRANDRIA DIGYNIA.
121
D I GYN I A.
arvenſis 1.
APHANES. Gen. Pl. 166.
Cal. 8-fidus. Cor. o, Sem, 2, nuda,
APHANES. Sp.pl. 179. (Moris. hiſt. ſ. 2. t. 20.
f. 4. in imo. Pet. herb. t. 9. f. 12. Col. Ecphras. t.
146, bené. Ger. Em. p. 1594. f. 1.)
Parſley-Piert. Anglis.
In corn fields and gravelly foils frequent, O. V.
Τ Ε Τ R A GY NIA.
bobo
ILEX. Gen. Pl. 172.
Cal. 4-dentatus. Cor. rotata. Stylus. o. Bacca 4-
ſperma.
aquifolium ILEX foliis ovatis acutis ſpinoſis. Sp.pl. 181. (Oed.
Dan. 508. Miller. icon. 46. bené. Ger. Em. 1338)
Holly-Tree. Anglis. An cuil-fhionn. Gaulis.
In woods and hedges. h.
I.
natans r.
POTOMOGETON. Gen. Pl. 174.
Cal. o. Petala 4. Stylus o. Sem. 4.
POTOMOGETON foliis oblongo-ovatis petio-
latis natantibus. Sp. pl. 182. (Ger. Em. 821. f. 1)
Broad-leav'd Pondweed. Anglis.
In lakes and ſtill waters frequent. 2. VII.
perfoliatum P. foliis cordatis amplexicaulibus. Sp.pl. 182. (Oed.
2.
Dan. t. 126. opt. Ger. Em. 822. f. 3.)
Perfoliated Pondweed. Anglis,
In rivers and lakes. 24. VII.
The

122
TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
The leaves are of a thin delicate texture, a fine
green color, and tranſparent like a piece of oila
paper.
denfum 3. POTOMOGETON foliis ovatis acuminatis oppo-
fitis confertis, caulibus dichotomis, fpica qua-
driflora. Sp. pl. 182. (Ger. Em. 823, f. 3)
Leſſer Water Caltrops, or Frog's-Lettuce. Anglis.
In ditches and rivulets : in the ditch on the right
hand of the walk going down the meadows near
Edinburgh. Dr. Parſons 2. VI.
The leaves at the tops of the branches are crouded
cloſe together, and not ſerrated on the edges :
the footſtalks of the flowers riſe out at the di-
viſion of the ſtalks, and are very ſhort and re-
fex'd.
lucens 4.
P. foliis lanceolatis planis in petiolos definentibus.
Sp. pl. 183. (Oed. Dan. 195. opt. Pet. herb. t. 5.
f. 5.)
Long-leav'd Pondweed. Anglis.
In rivers and lakes frequent, as in Dudiſton-Loch,
near Edinburgh, &c. Dr. Parſons. 24. VII.
criſpum 5. P. foliis lanceolatis alternis undulatis ferratis. Sp.
pl. 183. (Ger. Em. 824. f. 2. Pet. herb. t. 5.f.9)
Curled Pondweed, or Greater Water Caltrops.
Anglis.
In ditches and ponds frequent. 2. VI.
The ſtalk of this kind is greatly compreſs’d, and
varies with alternate and oppoſite leaves, ſo that
the

TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
123
*
3
the P. ſerratum. Lin. Sp. pl. is probably only a
variety of this ſpecies.
compreſum P. foliis linearibus obtuſis, caule compreſſo. Sp. pl,
6.
183. (Oed. Dan. t. 203. opt. Pet. herb. t. 5.f. 10)
Flat-ſtalked Pondweed. Anglis.
In ditches and ftagnant waters, but not common.
24. VII.
The leaves are four or five times longer than the
Stipula. The ſpike produces about fix ſmall
flowers.
gramineum POTOMOGETON foliis lineari-lanceolatis alter-
7. nis feffilibus ftipula latioribus. Sp. pl. 184. (Oed.
Dan. t. 222. opt. Raj. Syn. p. 150. t. 4. f. 3. Sed
4
non benè quoniam fine Stipulis ; quadrat meliùs ad
P. compreſſum in multiſ. Loeſ. Pruſ. p. 206. No.
66.)
Graſs-leav'd Pondweed. Anglis.
In ditches and ponds not very common. 1. VIII.
The ftalks of this are round and ſlender, the leaves
ſeſfile and pointed, and about twice the length
of the ſtipulæ, which are much larger in this
than the preceding : the ſpike has fifteen or
twenty flowers.
peEtinatum P. foliis ſetaceis parallelis approximatis diſtichis.
8.
Sp. pl. 183. (Ger. Em. 828. f. 4. pet. herb, t. 5.
f. 13.)
Fennel-leav'd Pondweed. Angiis.
In rivers and lakes. Dr. Parſons. 24. VII.
pufilum

124
TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
pufillum g. P. foliis linearibus oppofitis alterniſq; diftin&tis
baſi patentibus, caule tereti. Sp. pl. 184. (Loes.
Pruſ. 206. t. 67. Pet. herb. 1. 5. f. 11.)
Small Graſs-leav'd Pondweed. Anglis.
In ditches and ftagnant waters. 4. VIII.
marinum 10 P. foliis linearibus alternis diſtinctis, infernè vagi-
nantibus. Sp. pl. 184. (Oed. Dan. t. 186. opt.
Vail. Paris. t. 32. f. 5?)
Sea Pondweed. Anglis.
In ditches and ſtagnant waters by the ſea-ſide not
uncommon. 4. VIII.
The ftipulæ in this ſpecies are a little bifid at top,
and the leaves riſe from the ends of them : in
the other kinds the ftipulæ are diſtinct from the
leaves,
RUPPIA. Gen. pl. 175.
Cai, o. Cor. o. Sem, 4-pedicellata.
maritima 1. RUPPIA. Sp. pl. 184. (Oed. Dan. t. 364. opt. Mi-
chel. Gen. 72. t. 35. Pluk. phyt, 248. f. 4. Pet.
berb. t. 6. f. 1.)
Sea Ruppia. Anglis.
In ſtagnant waters by the ſea ſide not uncommon,
as at Glen-Elg, in Inverneſsſhire, &c. 4. VIII.
It has the habit of potomogeton, but may readily
be diſtinguiſhed by it's little umbel of oval feeds
ſtanding ſingly on footſtalks.
SAGINA. Gen. pl. 176.
Cal. 4-phyllus. Petala 4. Caps. 1-locularis, 4-valvis,
polyfperma.
procumbens

VIII
Ruppia
Anthericum
calculatum P 181.
maritima, 1924.
Moses Griffiths del
P Mazell sculp


TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
125
1.
procumbens SAGINA ramis procumbentibus. Sp. pl. 185. (Pet.
berb. t. 59, f. 10. Sequier Veronens. 421. t. 5. f.
3. melir. Pluk. phyt. t. 74. f. 2.)
Pearlwort. Anglis.
In ſandy and gravelly foils frequent. O. VI.
It varies, ſometimes without petals, and ſometimes
with a fifth part added to the whole fructifica-
tion.
ereEta 2.
S. caule erecto ſubunifloro. Syſt. Nat. p. 131. Sp.
pl. 185. (Raj. ſyn. p. 348.1. 15. f. 4. Vail. Paris.
t. 3. f. 2. Pet, herb. t. 59. f. 9. malè.)
Little Upright Stichwort. Anglis.
In paſtures of a gravelly foil. Dr. Parſons. O. V.
CLASSIS

126
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
CL A S S IS
V.
Ρ Ε Ν Τ Α Ν D RI A
M ON OG Y N I A.
* Flores monopetali, inferi, tetraſpermi. Afperifolia.
ECHIUM. Cor. fauce nuda, irregularis ! campa-
nulata.
PULMONARIA. Cor. fauce nuda, infundibuli-
formis ; Cal. priſmaticus.
LITHOSPERMUM. Cor. fauce nuda, infundibu-
liformis. Cal. quinquepartitus.
SYMPHYTUM. Cor, fauce dentata, ventricoſa,
LYCOPSIS. Cor, fauce fornicata, infundibuliform.
tubo curvato.
ASPERUGO. Cor. fauce fornicata, infundibulif.
Fructus compreffus.
CYNOGLOSSUM, Cora fauce fornicata, infun-
dibulif, Sem. depreſſa, latere affixa,
ANCHUSA. Cor, fauce fornicata, infundibulif.
tubo baſi priſmatico.
MYOSOTIS, Cor, fauce fornicata, hypocrateri-
form. lobis emarginatis.
* Flores monopetali, inferi, angioſpermi,
AN ALLIS. Caps. 1-locularis, circumſciffa.
Cor, rotata. Stigm, capitatum.
LYSIMACHIA.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
127
LYSIMACHIA. Caps. 1-locularis, 10-valvis, Cor.
rotata. Stigma obtuſum.
PRIMULA, Caps. I-locularis. Cor. infundibuli-
formis, fauce pervia, Stigm. globoſum.
MENYANTHES, Cops, 1-locularis. Cor. villoſa!
Stigma bifidum.
CONVOLVULUS, Caps. bilocularis, 2-fperma,
Cor, campanulata, Stigm. bifidum,
HYOSCYAMUS. Caps. bilocularis, operculata!
Cor, infundibulif. Stigm, capitatum.
VERBASCUM. Caps. bilocularis. Cor. rotata.
Stigma obtuſum. Stam declinata.
AZALEA. Caps. 5. locularis. Cor. campanulata.
Stigma obtuſum.
VINCA. Folliculi duo erecti. Cor. hypocraterifor-
mis. Sem. ſimplicia.
SOLANUM Bacca bilocularis. Anthera biper-
foratæ !
ATROPA. Bacca bilocularis. Stam, diftantia, in-
curvata,
* Flores monopetali, ſuperi.
SAMOLUS. Caps. 1-locularis apice 5-valvis. Cor.
hypocrater. Stigma capitatum.
CAMPANULA. Caps. 3-S. 5-locularis perforata.
Cor. campanulata Stigma trifidum.
LONICERA. Bacca bilocularis fubrotunda. Cor.
inæqualis. Stigm. capitatum.
* Flores

128
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
* Flores pentapetali, inferi.
EVONYMUS. Bacca capſularis, lobata. Cal. pa-
tens. Sem. baccato-arillata.
* Flores pentapetali, ſuperi.
RIBES. Bacca polyſperma. Cal. corollifer. Stylus
bifidus.
HEDERA. Bacca 5-ſperma. Cal.cingens fructum.
Stigma ſimplex.
* Flores incompleti, inferi.
GLAUX. Caps. 5-ſperma 5-valvis. Cal. ſimplex,
rudior, campanulatus.
* Polygonum amphibium.
DI G Υ Ν Ι Α.
* Flores monopetali, inferi.
GENTIANA. Caps. i-locularis, bivalvis. Cor.
tubuloſa, indeterminata.
* Flores incompleti.
SALSOLA. Sem. 1. cochleatum, tectum. Cal, 5-
phyllus.
CHENOPODIUM. Sem. 1. orbiculare. Cal. 5-
phyllus, foliolis concavis.
BETA. Sem. I. reniforme. Cal. 5-phyllus, bafi
femen fovens.
ULMUS. Bacca exſucca, compreſſa. Cal. 1-phyllus,
emarceſcens.
* Flores

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
129
* Flores pentepetali, ſuperi, diſpermi. Umbellatæ.
A. Involucro univerſali partialiq;
ERYNGIUM. Flores capitati. Receptac. palea-
ceum.
HYDROCOTILE, Flor. fubumbellati, fertiles.
Sem. compreſſa.
SANICULA. Flor. ſubumbellati, abortivi. Sem.
niuricata.hu
HERACLEUM. Flor: radiati; abortivi. Involu-
crum deciduum. Sem. membranacea.
OENANTHE. Flor. radiati, abortivi radio. Invól.
finiplex. Sem. coronata, feffilia.
CAUCALIS. Flor, radiati, abortivi. Involucr. fim-
plex. Sem. muricata.
DAUCUS. Flores radiati, abortivi. İnvol. piñna-
tum. Sem. triſpida.
TORDYLIUM: Flor. radiati, fertiles. Invol. fim-
plex. Sem. margine crenata.
CONIUM. Flor. Aoſculoſi, fertiles. Pet. cordata.
Sem. gibba, coſtato-ſulcata. Involucella dimidiata.
BUNIUM. Flor. flofcul. fertiles. Pet. cordata. In-
volucella ſetacea.
ATHAMANTA. Flor. floſcul. fertiles. Pét, cor-
data. Sem. convexa, ſtriata.
SIUM. Flor. flofcul. fertiles. Pet. cordata. Sem.
fubovata, ftriata.
CRITHMUM. Flor. Aoſcul. fertiles. Pet. planiuſ-
cula. Involucrum horizontale.
K LIGUSTICUM

130
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
LIGUSTICUM. Flor. Aoſculos, fertiles, Pet, in-
voluta. Invol. membranacea.
ANGELICA. Flor. floſculos. fertiles. Pet. plani-
uſcula. Umbellulæ globoſæ.
SISON. Flor. Aoſcul. fertiles. Pet. planiuſcula.
,
Umbel. depauperata.
B. Involucris partialibus; univerſali nullo.
ÆTHUSA. Flor. fubradiati fertiles. Involucella
dimidiata.
SCANDIX. Flor. radiati abortivi. Fructus oblongi.
CHÆROPHYLLUM. Flor. floſcul. abortivi. In-
vol. 5-phylla. totoo
PHELLANDRIUM. Flor. flofcul, fertiles. Fructus
coronati.
IMPERATORIA. Flor. flofculoſi fertiles. Umbel.
expanſo plana.
CICUTA. Flor. Aoſculoſi, fertiles. Pet. planiuſ-
cula.
anto C. Involucro nullo ; nec univerſali, nec partialibus.
,
bio
SMYRNIUM. Flor. floſculi abortivi. Sem, reni-
formia angulata. 2012
CARUM. Flor. Aoſcul. abortivi. Sem. gibba, ſtriata.
ÆGOPODIUM. Flor. Roſcul. fertiles. Sem. gibba,
ftriata. Pet. cordata.
APIUM. Flor. Aoſculos. fertiles. Sem. minuta,
ftriata. Pet, inflexa.
PIMPINELLA. Flor. Alofculos. fertiles. (Umbelle
ante florescentiam nutantes) Pet. cordata.
TRIGYNIA.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
131
Τ R Ι G Υ Ν Ι Α.
* Flores ſuperi.
VIBURNUM. Cor. 5-fida. Bacca 1-ſperma.
SAMBUCUS. Cor. 5-fida. Bacca 3-ſperma.
* Flores inferi.
ALSINE. Cor. 5-petala. Capis.. 1-locularis. Cal.
5-phyllus. Pet. bifida.
TE TRA G Y NI A.
PARNASSIA. Cor. 5-petala. Caps. 4-valvis. Nec-
tar, 5; ciliato-glanduloſa.
PENTAGYNİ A.
LINUM. Cor. 5-petala. Caps. to-locularis, 2-
ſperma.
DROSERA. Cór. 6-petala. Caps. i-locularis, apice
dehiſcens.
SIBBALDIA. Cor. 5-petala. Sem. 5. Cal. 10-
fidus.
STATICE. Cor. 5-partita. Sem. I, calyce infun-
dibuliformi veſtitum.
POL Y GYNI A.
MYOSURUS. Cal. 5-phyllus. Nečier. 5, lingulata.
Sem. numeroſa.
Ranunculus hederaceus.
K2
MONOGYNIA.

132
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
M ON OG Y N I A.
MYOSOTIS. Gen. pl. 180.
Cor. hypocrateriformis, 5-fida, emarginata ; fauce
clauſa fornicibus.
ſcorpioides MYOSOTIS feminibus nudis, foliorum apicibus
callofis. Sp. pl. 188. (Ger. Em. 337. f. 4. Moriſt.
bift. Ox. S. 11. t. 3. f. 1. ordine ſecundo. & ejus
var. latioribus foliis Raj. Syn p. 229. t. 9. f. 2.
& altera varietas paluſtris foliis glabris. Ger. Em.
337. f. 3. Moris. hiſt. S. 11. t. 31. f. 4. ordine ſe-
cundo.)
Mouſe ear Scorpion-Graſs. Anglis.
The hairy kind is frequent in dry corn fields; and
a leffer variety, with ſmall yellow flowers, I ob-
ſerv'd upon walls near Drumlanrig. The ſmooth-
leav'd marſh kind is common on the ſides of ri-
vulets and lakes. 2. V-VIII.
LITHOSPERMUM. Gen. pl. 181.
Cor. infundibuliformis, fauce perforata, nuda.
Cal. 5-partitus.
officinale 1. LITHOSPERMUM feminibus lævibus, corollis
vix calycem ſuperantibus, foliis lanceolatis. Sp.
pl. 189. (Moriſt. hiſt. S. 11. t. 31. f. 1. ordine
primo. Ger. Em. 609. f. 2.)
Gromill, Gromwell, or Graymill. Anglis.
In waſte uncultivated places, as near the monaſtery
of Beaulieu, at Inverneſs, and under the Weſt
ſide of Saliſbury-Craigs, and at Roſlin. Dr. Par.
fons. 24. VI.
arvenſe
2

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
133
arvenſe 2, L. feminibus rugoſis, corolla vix calycem ſuperan-
tibus. Sp. pl. 190. (Oed. Dan. t. 496. opt. Ger.
Em, 610. f 4)
Baſtard Alkanet. Anglis.
In corn fields not uncommon. Dr. Parſons. O. VI.
Linnæus informs us that the country girls in Sweden
paint their faces with the roots,
ANCHỤSA, Gen. Pl. 182.
Cor. infundibuliformis, fauce clauſa fornicibus.
Sem. baſi inſculpta.
ſempervi- ANCHUSA pedunculis diphyllis capitatis. Sp. Pl.
192. (Moris. hiſt. Ox. f. 11. t. 26. f. 2.)
Evergreen Alkanet. Anglis.
In the Glen at Dunglaſs. Dr. Parſons. 2. V. VI.
rens I.
CYNOGLOSSUM. Gen. pl. 183.
Cor. infundibuliformis, fauce clauſa fornicibus. Se-
mina depreſſa, interiore tantun latere Stylo affixa.
officinale 1. CYNOGLOSSUM ſtaminibus corolla brevioribus,
foliis lato-lanceolatis tomentofis ſeſſilibus. Sp. pl.
192. (Ger. Em. 804. f. 1. Moris, hift. S. 11, t. 30.
f. 1.)
Hound's-Tongue. Anglis.
In waſte places near towns and villages, as about
Burntiſland and Kinghorn, and at the foot of the
hill of Kinnoul, near Perth, &c. . VI. VII.
No quadruped except the goat will eat it.
PULMONARIA. Gen. pl. 184.
Cor. infundibuliformis fauce pervia. Cal. priſma-
tico-pentagonus.
maritima
K 3

134
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
maritima 1. PULMONARIA calycibus abbreviatis, foliis ova-
tis, caule ramoſo procumbente. Sp.pl. 195. (Oed.
Dan, t. 25. Dillen. Hoft. Eltham. t. 65. f. 75.
benè. Moris. hift. S. 11. 1. 28. f. 12. ordine ſe-
cundo.) Tour Scctl. 1772. qto. tab.
Sea Bugloſs. Anglis.
Upon the ſea coaſt not unfrequent, growing out of
ſtony beaches which ſeem incapable of affording
vegetation; as on the coaſt of Fife, near St.
Andrew's, &c. in the iſle of Bute, upon a ſandy
ſhore, in Arran at Loch-Renſa, and at Lamlaſh,
at Icolumb-kill, and at Glen-Elg, in Inverneſs-
Shire, '&c. 2. VII. VII.
It is one of the moſt beautiful indigenous plants
of Greçt-Britain. Its undulated glaucous leaves
contraſted with red and blue Aowers, are ex-
tremely ornamental to the barren ſhores where it
grows, and readily diſcover the plant to any cu-
rious obſerver.
SYMPHYTUM, Gen. Pl. 185.
Cor. limbus tubulato-ventricoſus ; fauce clauſa
radiis fubulatis.
oficinale 1. SYMPHYTUM foliis ovato-lanceolatis decurren-
tibus. Sp- pl. 195. (Ger. Em. 806. f. 1. Moris.
bift. S. 11. † 29. f. 1. ordine ſuperiore.)
Comfrey. Anglis.
By the hides of rivers and ditches, as on the banks
of the water of Leith, oppoſite St. Bernard's-
Well, and in Coryton woods, &c. Dr. Parſons.
24. V.
It
Griffiths del
7
23239
VI
a
Pulmonaria maritima . P.134
sos

9. Mazell sculp.

ho

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
135
It varies with purple or yellow flowers, with thick
branched roots, and ſometimes with tuberous or
knobbed ones.
و
I.
2
1
ASPERUGO. Gen. Pl. 189.
Cal. fructus compreffus ; lamellis plano parallelis,
ſinuatis.
procumbens ASPERUGO calycibus fructus compreſſis. Sp. pl.
198. (Ger. Em. 1122. f. 2. Moriſt. hiſt. S. 11. t.
26. f. 13.)
Small Wild Buglofs, or German Madwort. Anglis.
In waſte places, but not common. By the church
at Dunbar. Dr. Parſons. 0. V.
The leaves are oval and alternate at the baſe, but
two or four together at the top, and fo rough
that they adhere to the cloaths more readily
than Gooſe-graſs : the flowers are violet-color'd,
and ſcarcely larger than the calyx.
LYCOPSIS. Gen. Pl. 190.
Corolla tubo incurvato.
arvenſis 1. LYCOPSIS foliis lanceolatis hiſpidis, calycibus
foreſcent.bus erectis. Sp. pl. 199. (Oed. Dan. t.
435. opt. Moris. hift. S. 11. t. 26. f. 8. Ger. Em.
799. f. 3.)
Small Wild Bugloſs. Anglis.
In corn fields common. O. VII.
The plant is covered all over with bulbous hairs.
ECHIUM. Gen. pl. 191.
Çor. irregularis, fauce nuda.
vulgare

136
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
vulgare 1, ECHIUM caule tuberculato-hiſpido, foliis caulinis
lanceolatis hiſpidis, foribus fpicatis lateralibus.
Sp. pl. 200. (Oed. Dan. t. 445. opt. Ger. Em.
892. f. 2.)
Vipers-Bugloſs. Anglis.
In corn-fields and by way-ſides not unfrequent, as
about Kirkcaldy and Kinghorn, and at Charles-
Town, Lord Elgin's lime-works, and under Ar-
thur's-Seat, &c. 8. VII. VIII.
About Mellroſs-Abbey, and ſome other places, I
obſerv'd what I apprehend to be only a variety
of this ; it differs chiefly in having the branches
more divaricated, and the ſtamina nearly twice
as long as the flower. Perhaps this is the Echium
anglicum Hudſ. Fl. Ang. p. 70.
PRIMULA. Gen. Pl. 197.
Involucrum umbellulæ. Corolla tubus cylindricus,
ore patulo.
veris I. PRIMULA foliis dentatis rugoſis. Sp. pl. 204.
1. var. o. officinalis. (Oed. Dan. t. 433. Ger. Em.
780. f 1.)
2. var. B. elatior. (Oed. Dan. t. 434. Ger. Em. 780.
f. 2.)
3. var. y. acaulis. (Oed. Dan. t. 194. Ger. Em. 781.
f. 5.)
a. Cowſlips. b. Oxlips. y. Primroſe. Anglis. $o-
grach. Gaulis.
In meadows, paſtures and woods frequent. 2.V.
The ſegments of the flowers within, near the baſe,
are mark'd with red or ſaffron-color'd ſpots,
which

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
137
which our poet Shakeſpeare prettily ſuppoſes to
be the gifts of the fairy-queens, and to be the
fource of their ſweet odors. He thus introduces
a fairy ſpeaking :
And I ſerve the fairy-queen,
To dew her orbs upon the green ;
The cowſlips tall her penſioners be,
In their gold coats ſpots you fee;
Thoſe be rubies, Fairy favours,
In thoſe freckles live their favours:
I muſt
go
feek ſome dew-drops here and there,
And hang a pearl in every cowſlip's ear.
Midſummer Night's Dream, AƐt 2, Sc. I.
farinoſa 2. PRIMULA foliis crenatis glabris, forum limbo
plano. Sp. pl. 205. (Oed. Dan. t. 125. opt. Ger.
Em. 783. f. 1. 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t. 24. f. 7.)
Bird's-Eye. Anglis.
In wet mountainous paſtures, but not very com-
mon. 24. VI.
The leaves and calyces are cover'd with a mealineſs
like our garden auricula : the powers are of a
bright red. It is a very elegant little plant, and
worthy of a place in the flower garden.
MENYANTHES. Gen. Pl. 202,
Corolla hirſuta. Stigma bifidum. Caps. 1-locularis.
trifoliata, 1. MENYANTHES foliis ternatis. Sp. pl. 208. (Mo-
ris. hiſt. S. 15. 1. 2. f. prima ad finiftram ordine
ſecundo. Ger. Em. 1194. abſq; floribus.)
Marſh Trefoil or Bog-bean. Anglis.
In

138
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
In marſhes and lakes frequent. 4. V. VI.
An tri-bhileach, lui-nan-tri-beann. Gaulis.
The flowers of this plant are ſo extremely beauti-
ful, that nothing but its native foil could exclude
it from a place in every garden. They grow in
an elegant fpike; are white, daih'd with pink,
and fring'd internally with hairs.
LYSIMACHIA. Gen. Pl. 205.
Cor. rotara. Ceps. globoſa, mucronata, 10-valvis.
* Pedunculis multifloris.
vulgaris 1. LYSIMACHIA paniculata, racemis terminalibus.
Sp. pl. 209. (Ger. Em. 474. f. 1.)
Yellow Willow-herb, or Looſeftrife. Anglis.
On the ſides of rivers and lakes, but not very com-
I obſerv'd it by the ſides of lochs in the
iſland of Mull, &c. 4. VII.
** Pedunculis unifloris.
mon.
Amorum 2. L. foliis ovatis acutis, foribus folitariis, caule pro-
cumbente. Sp. pl. 211. (Oed. Dan. t. 174, opt.
Moris. hift. f. 5. t. 26. f. 5. ordine ſecundo. Ger.
Eận, 6I8. f. 4.)
Yellow Pimpernell of the Woods. Anglis.
In woods and ſhady places frequent. 4. VI.
aummularia L. foliis fubcordatis, floribus ſolitariis, caule re-
3.
pente. Sp. pl. 211. (Oed. Dan. t. 493. opt. Moris.
.
hiſt. l. 5. t. 26. f. 1. ordine primo. Ger. Em. 630.
f. 1.)
Moneywort. Anglis.
In

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
139,
In low wet meadows by the ſides of ditches, but
not common. 2. VI.
ANAGALLIS. Gen. Pl. 206.
Cor. rotata.
Caps. circumfciffa.
ervenſis 1. ANAGALLIS foliis indiviſis, caule procumbente.
Sp.pl. 211. (Oed. Dan. 88. opt. Moris. hiſt. S. 5.
t. 26. f. 1 & 2. ordine ſecundo. Ger. Em. 617. f.
1 & 2.)
Common Pimpernel. Anglis.
In corn-fields common. O, V-VIIT.
It varies with ſcarlet and blue flowers, which open
at eight o'clock in the morning, and cloſe about
noon, Small birds are very fond of the ſeeds of
this plant.
ANAGALLIS foliis ovatis acutiufculis, caule re-
pente. vid. Lin. Mantiſſ. p. 335. Lyfimachia
tenella. Sp. pl. 211. (Moris. hift. S.5.4. 26 f. 2.
ordine primo. Ger. En. 630. f. 3.)
Creeping Pimpernel, or Purple Moneywort. Anglis.
In bogs not uncommon. 4. VII. VIII.
The filaments are hairy, and the capſule ſplits ho-
rizontally into two hemiſpheres; it therefore pro-
perly belongs to this genus.
tenella 2.
.
AZALEA. Gen. Pl. 212.
Cor. campanulata. Stam. receptaculo inſerta. Caps.
5-locularis.
procumbens AZALEA ramis diffuſo-procumbentibus. Sp. pl.
215. (Oed. Dan. t. 9. Flor. Lap. t. 6. f. 2.)
Trailing Thyme leav'd Azalea. Anglis.
Upon
1.

140
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Upon dry barren ground near the ſummits of the
highland mountains in many places, as on Ben-
mor, in Breadelbane, Ben-Croachan, in Argyle-
ſhire, Ben-na Scree, and other high mountains
about Loch-Urn in Inverneſs-ſhire, and ſparingly
upon Ben-Lomond, &c.
The flowers are of a bright red color. h. VI.
CONVOLVULUS. Gen. Pl. 215.
Cor campanulata, plicata. Stigm. 2. Caps. bilocu-
laris, loculis difpermis.
* Caule volubili.
arvenſis I. CONVOLVULUS foliis ſagittatis utrinq; acutis,
pedunculis ſubunifloris. Sp. pl. 218. (Qed. Dan.
t. 459. opt. Mor. hift. S. 1. t. 3. f. 9. Ger. Em.
861. f. 2.)
Small Bindweed. Anglis.
In corn-fields frequent. 2. VII.
Jepium 2. C. foliis fagittatis poftice truncatis, pedunculis tetra-
gonis uniforis. Sp. pl. 218. (Oed. Dan. 458. opt.
Moris. hiſt. ſ. 1. t. 3. f. 6. Ger. Em. 861. I.)
Great Bindweed. Anglis.
In wet hedges, but not common : obſerv’d by Dr.
Perſons near Dumbarton.
** Caule protrato.
Soldanella 3 CONVOLVULUS foliis reniformibus pedunculis
unifloris. Sp. pl. 226. (Moris. hiſt. S. 1. t. 3. f.
2 Ger. Em. 838. f. 1.)
Sea Bindweed. Scottiſh Scurvy-Graſs. Anglis.
On

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
141
1.
On the ſea ſhores in ſandy places frequent, as on
the Weſtern coaſt of Cantire, between Machria-
niſh and Bar, and in the iſland of Oranſa plenti-
fully, &c. Sibbald ſays it grows near the Elg.
CAMPANULA. Gen. Pl. 218.
Cor. campanulata fundo clauſo valvis ftaminiferis.
Stigma trifidum. Caps. infera, poris lateralibus
dehiſcens.
* Foliis lievioribus anguſtioribus.
rotundifolia CAMPANULA foliis radicalibus reniformibus,
caulinis linearibus. Sp. pl. 232. (Oed. Dan. t.
189. Ger. Em. 452. f. 3. Moris. hift. . 5. t. 2.
f. 17.)
Round-leav'd Bell-flower. Anglis.
Curachd-na-cu’aig. Guulis.
In dry mountainous paſtures frequent. 4. VIII.
Upon the hill of Moncrief, near Perth, I obſerv'd
a variety about two inches high, bearing a ſingle
flower, and having numerous linear leaves on
the ſtalk.
** Foliis ſcabris latioribus.
latifolia 2. C. foliis ovato-lanceolatis, caule fimpliciſſimo te-
reti, foribus ſolitariis pedunculatis, fructibus
cernuis. Sp pl. 233. (Oed Dan. t. 85. optimè.
Ger. Em. 448. f. 3. Moris. hift ļ.5 t. 3. f. 27.)
Giant Throatwort. Anglis.
By the ſides of rivulets at the foot of mountains,
in ſhady places, not unfrequent ; as at Cartland.
Rocks, near Lanerk, at Taymouth-Hermitage, and
by

142
PENTANDRÍA MONOGYNÍA:
by the ſide of the beautiful caſcades at Moneſs,
near Taymouth, &c. 4. VII.
The leaves are ferrated, and of an oval-lanceolate
form: the calyces ſmooth.
trachelium CAMPANULA caule angulato; foliis petiolatis,
3. calycibus ciliatis, pedunculis trifidis. Sp. pl. 235.
(Ger. Em. 448.j. 1. Moris. hiſt. S: 5. t. 3. f. 28.)
Nettle-leav'd Throatwort, or Canterbury-Bells:
Anglis.
In the ſame kind of places as the preceding, but
not common. Dr. Parſons. 4. VII.
The leaves are nearly heart-ſhap'd, and indented
on the edges.
glomerata 4 C. caule angulato fimplici, floribus feffilibus, capi-
tulo terminali. Sp. pl. 235. (Ger. Eń. 449. f. 4:
Moris, bift. f. 5. t. 4. f. 43.)
Cluſtered Throatwort, or ſmall Canterbury-Bells.
Anglis.
In dry mountainous paſtures, but not very com-
mon. 4. VII.
SAMOLUS. Gen. Pl. 222.
Cor. hypocrateriformis. Stemina munita ſquamulis
corollæ. Caps. i-locularis, infera.
valerandi i SAMOLUS. Sp. pl. 243. (Oed. Dan. t. 198. opt.
Ger. Em. 620. f. 3.)
Round-leav'd Water Pimpernel. Anglis.
In marihy places, but not very frequent. I obſerv’d
it in the iſland of Gigha, &c. 4. VII.
LONICERA

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
143
num i.
LONICERA. Gen. Pl. 233.
Cor. monopetala, irregularis. Bacca polyſperma,
2-locularis, infera.
periclyme- LONICERA capitulis ovatis imbricatis terminali-
bus, foliis omnibus diſtinctis. Sp. pl. 247. (Ger.
Em. 89I.f. I.)
Common Honeyſuckle, or Woodbine. Anglis.
An iadh-fhlait. Gaulis.
In woods and hedges, as in Coryton woods, &c.
h. VII.
VERBASCUM. Gen. Pl. 245.
Cor. rotata, ſubinæqualis. Caps. bilocularis, 2-valvis,
thapſus 1. VERBASCUM foliis decurrentibus utrinque to
mentofis, caule ſimplici. Sp. pl. 252. (Ger. Em.
773. f. 1.)
Great Woolly Mullein, Hag-taper, or Cow's-
Lungwort. Anglis.
In dry ſandy foils, between North and South Weems,
on the coaſt of Fife, &c. . VII.
lychnitis 2. V. foliis cuneiformi-oblongis. Sp. pl. 253. (Ger. Em.
775. f. 3.)
White-flower'd Mullein. Anglis.
In the Back-Walk at Sterling, callid Edmonſton's-
Walk. 5. VII.
It was out of fower when I found it; but ſhould
idio
the flowers be of a pale yellow, it is then the
var. ß of Hudſ. Fl. Ang. p. 76.
HYOSCIAMUS.

144
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
niger 1.
HYOSCYAMUS. Gen. Pl. 247.
Cor. infundibuliformis obtuſa. Stamina inclinata.
Caps. operculata, 2-locularis.
HYOSCYAMUS foliis amplexicaulibus ſinuatis,
floribus feffilibus. Sp. pl. 257. (Ger. Em.t. 353.
f. 1.)
Common Henbane. Anglis.
In waſte places near towns and villages. 0. VI.
The whole plant is cover'd with unctuous færid
hairs: the flowers are yellow, reticulated with
violet-color'd veins. The root, leaves and feed
are a moſt powerful narcotic: a few of the ſeeds
have been known to deprive a man of his reaſon
and limbs.
1.
ATROPA. Gen. Pl. 249.
Cor: campanulata. Stam. diftantia. Bacca globoſa;
2-locularis.
belladonna ATROPA caule herbaceo, foliis ovatis integris.
Sp. pl. 260. (Miller. ic. 62. benè. Ger. Em. 340.
Moris. hiſt. S. 13. t. 3. f. 4.)
Deadly Nightſhade. Anglis.
In the King's park at Sterling, and at Icolumbkill.
4. VII.
The berries of this plant are of a malignant poi-
ſonous nature, and, being of a ſweet taſte, have
frequently been deſtructive to children. A large
glaſs of warm vinegar, taken as ſoon as poſſible
after eating the berries, will prevent their bad
effects.
SOLANUM
a

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
145
SOLANUM. Gen. Pl. 251.
Cor. rötata. Antheræ ſubcoalitæ, apice poro gemino
dehiſcentes: Bäcca 2-locularis.
dulcamara i SOLANUM caule inerrni fruteſcente flexuoſo,
foliis ſuperioribus haftatis, racemis cymoſis. Sp.
pl: 264: (Ger. Em. 350.)
Woody Nightſhade, or Bitter-ſweet. Anglis.
In moiſt hedges, but not common. At that end of
Dalkeith neareſt to Edinburgh. Dr. Parſons. 4.
VII.
nigrum 2. SOLANUM caule inermi herbaceo, foliis ovatis
dentato-angulatis, umbellis nutantibus. Sp: pl.
266. Oed. Dan. t. 460. opt. Ger. Em. 339. f. 1.
Moris. hiſt. S. 13. t. 1. f. 1. ordine primo:)
Garden or Common Nightſhade. Anglis.
In waſte places near towns and villages frequent:
O. VII. & VIII.
EUONYMUS. Gen. Pl. 271.
Cor. 5-petala. Caps. 5-gona, 5-locularis, 5-valvis,
colorata. Sem. calyptrata.
europeus i. ÉUONYMUS floribus pleriſque quadrifidis
, foliis
feffilibus. Sp. pl. 286. & Mantiſs. 342. (Ger. Em.
1468. f. 1.)
Spindle-Tree or Prickwood.
In woods and hedges, in many places accordinig to
Sibbald, but I found it not myſelf. ħ. V.
L
RIBES.

146
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
rubrum 1.
RIBES. Gen. Pl. 281.
Petala quinque & ftamina calyci inferta. Stylus bi-
fidus. Bacca polyſperma, infera.
RIBES inerme racemis glabris pendulis, Aoribus
planiuſculis. Sp. pl. 290. (Ger. Em. 1593. f. 1.)
Red Currants. Anglis.
In the iſland of Ifa, amongſt the bruſh-wood on
the bank of the sound. h. V.
alpinum 2. R. inerme, racemis erectis ; bracteis flore longiori-
bus. Sp. pl. 291. (Figura non exſtat.)
Sweet Mountain Currants. Anglis.
In woods and out of the fiſſures of rocks. Dr. Per-
Sons. $. V.
nigrum 3. RIBES inerme, racemis pilofis Aoribus oblongis.
Sp. pl. 291. (Figuram non invenio.)
Black Currants or Squinancy-Berries. Anglis.
In the wood on the bank of the Sound of Iſa, to-
gether with the Red-Currants. h. V.
belix 1.
HEDERA. Gen. Pl. 283.
Petalo 5-oblonga. Bacca 5-ſperma, calyce cincta.
HEDERA foliis ovatis lobatiſque. Sp. pl. 292.
(Ger. Em. 857. f. 1. & 2.)
Ivy. Anglis. Eidhionn-na-craige, Gaulis.
Upon rocks and trunks of trees. h. X.
GLAUX. Gen. Pl. 291.
Cal. 1-phyllus. Cor. nulla. Caps. 1-locularis, 5-
valvis, 5-ſperma.
GLAUX.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
147
maritima i. GLAUX. Sp. pl. 301. (Ger. Em. 562. Loeſ. Prufſ.
p. 13. t. 3. melior.)
Sea Milkwort, or Black Saltwort. Anglis.
Upon the ſea ſhores frequently, both of the con-
tinent and Weſtern iſles. 4. VII.
minor i.
VINCA: Gen. Pl. 295.
Contorta, Folliculi 2, erecti. Semina nuda.
VINCA caulibus procumbentibus, foliis lanceola-
to ovatis, floribus pedunculatis. Sp. pl. 304.
(Ger. Em. 894. f. 1.)
The Leſer-Periwinckle. Anglis.
In Coryton woods. Dr. Parſons. 4. V.
DI G Υ Ν Ι Α.
Í
CHENOPODIUM. Gen. Pl. 309.
Cal. 5-phyllus, 5-gonus. Cor. o. Sem. I, lenticui-
lare, ſuperum.
* Foliis anguloſis.
bonus ben- CHENOPODIUM foliis triangulari-fagittatis in-
ricus 1.
tegerrimis, fpicis compofitis aphyllis axillaribus.
Sp. pl. 318. (Moris. bift. f. 5. t. 30. f. 1. ad dex-
tram ordine ſecundo. Ger. Em. 329. Petiv. herb. t.
7. f. 12.)
Engliſh Mercury, Wild Spinage, or Allgood.
Anglis.
In waſte places and by way-fides frequent. 2.
VIII.
The young leaves in the Spring are often eaten as
greens, and are very good taſted.
urbicum
L 2

148
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
urbicum 2. C. foliis triangularibus ſubdentatis, racemis con-
fertis ftrictiſſimis. Sp. pl. 318. (Buxb, Hallens. 69.
t. 1. Pet. herb. t. 8. f. 8. malè.)
Upright Goofefoot. Anglis.
In waſte places, and under walls in towns and
villages. Sibbald. o. VIII.
rubrum 3. C, foliis cordato-triangularibus obtuſiuſculis den-
tatis, raceniis erectis compoſitis fubfolioſis caule
brevioribus. Sp. pl. 318. (Ger. Em. 328. f. 2.
Delechamp. hiſt. 542. t. 542.)
Sharp-leav’d Gooſefoot. Anglis.
On dunghills and under walls in towns and villages.
Sibbald. O. VIII.
The ſtalks ſpread on the ground: the leaves are
thick and ſhining, and turn red before they die:
the spikes conſiſt of ſeſſile cluſters of Aowers,
intermix'd with linear leaves.
murale 4.
CHENOPODIUM foliis ovatis nitidis dentatis
acutis, racemis ramoſis nudis. Sp. pl. 318. (Ger.
Em. 328. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 8. f. 5.)
Common Gooſefoot, or Sowbane. Anglis.
In waſte places and under walls. Sibbald. O. VIII.
The leaves are more ſharply indented than in the
CHE rubrum, and the flowers grow in branch-
ing cluſters, or Corymbi, and not in ſpikes.
C. folis rhomboideo-triangularibus eroſis pofticè
integris, funmis oblongis, racemis erectis. Sp.
pl. 319. (Pet. herb. t. 8. f. 2.)
Common White or Froſt-Blite. Anglis.
album 5.
In

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
149
In corn fields and gardens very common. 0. VII.
The ſpikes grow erect, with thick, oval, ſeflile
farinaceous cluſters of flowers : the leaves wither
away early in the Autumn, the ſtalk and ſpikes
remaining. In Iſla I obſerv'd the people boild
and eat it as greens.
viride 6. C. foliis rhomboideis dentato-ſinuatis, racemis ra-
moſis fubfoliatis. Sp. pl. 319. (Vail. Paris. t. 7.
f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 8. f. 4.)
Green Blite. Anglis.
It grows as a common weed in almoſt every gar-
den, 0. VII.
The ſtalk is green, and much branched, with red
angles at the baſe of the ramifications: the up-
per leaves are nearly entire, or at moſt have not
above one or two dents. This is eaten as well
as the preceding.
hybridum 7. CHENOPODIUM foliis cordatis angulato acumi-
natis, racemis ramoſis nudis. Sp. pl. 319. (Vail.
Paris. t. 7. f. 2. Pet. herb. t. 8. f. 7.)
Maple leav’d Blite. Anglis.
In gardens and waſte places, but not common. O.
VIII.
** Foliis integris.
vulvaria 8. C. foliis integerrimis rhomboideo-ovatis, Aoribus
conglomeratis axillaribus. Sp. pl. 321. (Ger. Em.
327. Pet. herb, t. 7. f. 11. Moris. hiſt. S. 5.6. 31.
f. 6.)
Stinking Blite. Anglis.
In
L 3

159
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
In waſte places, and under walls in or near towns,
but not common. Sibbald, O. VIII.
It grows flat on the ground, and may readily be
known by it's ſtrong diſagreeable ſmell of de-
cay'd ſalt-filh.
polyſper
C. foliis integerrimis ovatis, caule decumbente,
mum 9.
çymis dichotomis aphyllis axillaribus. Sp. pl.
321. (Ger. Em. 325. f. 3. Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t. 30.
f. 6. ordine inferiore.)
Oval-leav'd Blite or Allſeed. Anglis.
This plant often grows erect, as well as reclinining :
the leaves have frequently a reddiſh caft. It is
ſaid that fiſh are fond of it.
maritimum C. foliis fubulatis ſemicylindricis. Sp. pl. 321. (Oed.
Dan. t. 489. opt. Pet. herb. t. 9. f. 1.)
Sea Blite or White-Glaſſwort. Anglis.
I found it on the ſea coaſt in many places, as on
the ſhore near M’Kennon's caſtle, in the iſle of
Skie, and at Glen-beg, on the continent oppoſite,
and at Loch-Broom, in Ross-ſhire, &c. O. VIII,
IO.
19
BETA. Gen. Pl. 310.
Çal. 5-phyllus. Cor. o. Sem. reniforme, intra ſub-
ftantiam baſeos calycis.
maritima i. BETA caulibus decumbentibus, foribus geminis
.
Sp. pl. 322. & Syft. Nat. 195. (Figuram non in-
venio, ſed. f. 2. Ger. Em. 318. fimilis eſt.)
Sea Beet. Anglis.
In the Baſe iſland. Dr. Parſons. O. VIII.
The young leaves boild are wholeſome and good
greens

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
151
greens ; thoſe on the ſtalk grow oblique or ver-
tical: the foliola of the calyx are without dent,
whereas in the B. vulgaris there is one at the baſe
of the carina.
kali i.
SALSOLA. Gen. Pl. 311.
Cal. pentaphyllus. Cor. o. Caps. 1-ſperma. Sem.
cochleatum.
SALSOL A herbacea decumbens, foliis ſubulatis
ſpinoſis ſcabris, calycibus marginatis axillaribus.
piſtillo trifido. Sp. pl. 322. (Pet. herb. t. 9. f. 2.
Moris. hiſt. S. 5. f. 33. f. 11. melior.)
Prickly Glaſſwort. Anglis.
Upon the ſea coaſt in fandy places frequent, as on
Leith fands, &c. O. VII.
The aſhes of this plant abound with alkaline ſalts.
One ſpecies of the genus (the S. Jodo) is much
uſed upon the coaſts of the Mediterranean in
maſting pot-aſh, ſoap and glaſs. The term al-
kali originially took its riſe from the ſalts ex-
tracted from the aſhes of this laſt-mentioned
herb, which was called by the Arabic chymiſts
and phyſicians, KALI.
ULMUS. Gen. Pl. 316.
Cal. 5-fidus. Cor. nulla. Bocca exfucca, compreſſo-
membranacea.
campeftris I ULMUS foliis duplicato-ferratis, baſi inæqualibus.
Sp.pl. 327: (Ger. Em. 1478. f. 1.)
The Common or Engliſh Elm. Anglis.
An-leamhan. Gaulis.
In

152
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA,
In hedges and plantations about Edinburgh, &c.
but in all probability not indigenous.
The variety with a ſmooth bark and leaf, com-
monly called the Wych-Elm, (Ger. Em. 1481. f.
4.) is much more common in Scotland. I ob-
ſerv'd it growing wild in the woods as far North
as Roſs-ſhire and Sutherland. h. IV.
GENTIANA. Gen. Pl. 322.
Cor. monopetala. Caps. bivalvis, i-locularis. Re-
ceptacuiis 2, longitudinalibus.
* Corollis quinquefidis infundibuliformibus.
centaurium GENTIANA corollis quinquefidis infundibulifor-
mibus, caule dichotomo, piſtillo fimplici. Syft.
Nat. 200. Sp. pl. 332. (Ger. Em. 547. f. 1.)
Leſſer Centory. Anglis.
In dry paſtures not unfrequent, eſpecially near the
ſea. 0. VII.
I.
amarella 2. GENTIANA corollis quinquefidis hypocraterifor-
mibus fauce barbatis. Sp. pl. 334. (Oed. Dan.
328. opt.)
Autumnal Gentian or Fellwort. Anglis.
In dry mountainous paſtures, but not common.
O. VIII.
** Corolli quadrifidis.
campeſtris 3 G. corollis quadrifidis fauce barbatis. Sp. pl. 334.
(Oed. Dan. t. 367. opt. Moris. hiſt. S. 12. t, 5. f.
9. Barrel. Icon. 97. f. 2.)
Quadrified Bearded Gentian. Anglis,
Lus-

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
153
Lus-a-chrùbain. Gaulis.
In dry upland paſtures, eſpecially in the highlands
frequent. 0. VIII. IX.
It varies with purple and with white flowers.
All theſe three gentians are eſteem'd to be good
ſtomachic bitters, and are recommended in the
ague, and to ſtrengthen the ſtomach.
Linnæus informs us that the poor people in Sweden
uſe this laſt ſpecies inſtead of hops to brew their
ale with.
* U MBELLATE.
I.
ERYNGIUM. Gen. Pl. 324.
Flores capitati. Receptaculo paleaceo.
maritimum ERYNGIUM foliis radicalibus fubrotundis plicatis
ſpinoſis, capitulis pedunculatis, paleis tricuſpi-
datis. Sp.pl. 337. Syft. Nat. 202. (Ger. Em. 1162.
f. 1. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 36. f. 6.)
Sea Holly or Eryngo. Anglis.
On the ſea coaſt in ſandy places frequent, as on
the ſhore near Muſſelburgh, at Dunbar, at Largo
on the coaſt of Fife, at Machrianiſh-Bay in Can-
tire abundantly, and in the iſland of Jona, &c.
The young tender ſhoots, when blanched, may be
eaten like aſparagus. Lin. Fl. Suec.
HYDROCOTYLE. Gen. Pl. 325..
Umbeli a ſimplex ; Involucro 4-phyllo. Petala integra.
Sem. ſemiorbiculato-compreſſa.
vulgaris I. HYDROCOTYLE foliis peltatis, umbellis quin-
quefloris.

154
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
quefloris. Sp. pl. 338. (Oed. Dan. 90. opt. Ger.
Em. 529. f. 5. Pet. herb. t. 6. f. 12.)
Marſh Pennywort or White-rot. Anglis.
In bogs, and on the banks of lakes frequent. 4,
VII.
SANICULA. Gen. Pl. 326.
Umbellæ confertæ, ſubcapitatæ. Fructus ſcaber.
Flores diſci abortientes.
europæa 1. SANICULA foliis radicalibus fimplicibus, flofcu-
lis omnibus feffilibus. Sp. pl. 339. (Oed. Dan. t.
28 z. opt. Ger. Em. 948. Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t. 34.
f. 1. ad ſiniſtram in ordine inferiore.)
Sanicle. Ang lis.
In woods frequent, as in Coryton woods, &c. 4.
V. VI.
Oric
It has long been eſteem'd as an aſtringent and vul-
nerary, both in external and internal applica-
tions.
TORDYLIUM. Gen. Pl. 330.
Cor. radiatæ, omnes hermaphroditæ. Fructus ſu-
borbiculatus, margine crenatus, Involucra longa,
indivifa.
nodoſum 1. TORDYLIUM umbellis fimplicibus feffilibus, fe-
minibus exterioribus hiſpidis. Sp. pl. 346. (Ger
Em. 1022. f. 6. Moris. hift. S. 9. t. 14. f. 10. Pet.
herb. t. 27. f.11.)
Knotted Parſley. Anglis.
On the borders of corn fields, and in dry ſtoney
places.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
155
places. Sibbald. Under the Eaſt wall in the
King's park. Dr. Parſons. 0. VI.
CAUCALIS. Gen. Pl. 331.
Cor radiatæ : diſci maſculæ. Petala inflexo-mar-
ginata. Fru&tus fetis hiſpidis. Involucra integra.
anthriſcus I CAUCALIS umbellis confertis, foliolis ovato lan-
ceolatis pinnatifidis. TORDYLIUM enthriſcus
sp. pl. 346. (Ger. Em. 1022. f. 5. Moris, bift. S.
9. t. 14. f. 8. Pet. herb. t. 27. f. 9.)
Hedge-Parſley. Anglis.
In hedges and waſte places. Sibbald. 5. VIII.
As the flowers in the diſk of the umbels are male,
I thought with Mr. Hudſon and Haller it would
be more methodical to place this plant under
the genus of CAUCALIS than that of TOR-
DYLIUM, in which laſt all the flowers are
hermaphrodite.
ervenſis 2. C. umbella conferta, involucro univerſali mono-
phyllo, feminibus oblongis, foliolis ovato-lance-
olatis pinnatifidis. Hudſ. Fl. Ang. 98. (Rivin. t.
32. & 33. Pet. herb. t. 27. f. 10.)
)
Small Corn Parſley. Anglis.
In corn fields. I obſerv'd it in the iſland of Lif-
more, near Upper-Lorn, &c. 0. VIII.
Linnæus comprehends this under the preceding
ſpecies, but its diffuſe and conſtantly dwarfiſh
growth ſeem to entitle it to the name of a dif-
tinct ſpecies. The flowers of this are always
white, in the preceding they are generally
reddiſh.
DAUCUS.
2

156
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA,
carota 1.
.
DAUCUS Gen. Pl. 333.
Corolla ſubradiatæ, omnes hermaphroditæ, Fru&tus
pilis hiſpidus.
DAUCUS feminibus hiſpidis, petiolis ſubtus ner-
voſis. Sp. pl. 348. (Ger. Em. 1028. Moris. hiſt.
f. 9. t. 13. f. 2. melior. & Moris. Umbelif. t. 2.
P: 31. opt. tamen fine foliis.)
Wild Carrot or Bird's-Neft. Anglis.
In paſtures and borders of fields common. ..VII.
The ſeeds are a powerful diuretic: an infuſion of
them in ale or in water as a tea have been found
to give relief in the gravel. The garden carrot
differs from this only by culture.
7142 I.
BUNIUM, Gen. Pl 335.
Corolla uniformis. Umbella conferta. Fructus ovati.
Bullbacafta- BUNIUM. Sp. pl. 349 (Oed. Dan. t. 220. opt.
Ger. Em. 1064. f. 1 & 2. Moris. hift. S. 9. t. 2.
f. 1. in medio ordinis ſecundi.)
Earth-Nut or Pig-Nut. Anglis. Braonan-backuill.
Gaulis.
In woods and paſtures frequent. 4. V. VI.
The roots are bulbous, and taſte like a cheſnut,
whence the trivial name of Bulbocaſtanum. Many
perſons are fond of them, and in ſome parts of
England they boil them in broth, and ſerve them
up to table.
CONIUM. Gen. Pl. 336.
Involucella dimidiata, ſubtriphylla. Fructus ſubglo-
boſus, 5-ſtriatus, utrinque crenatus.
inoculatum

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA:
157
1.
maculatum CONIUM feminibus ftriatis. Sp. pl. 349. (Ger.
Em. 1061. Moris. hiſt. S. 9. t. 6. f. i. ordine in-
feriore.)
Hemlock. Anglis.
In waſte places frequent. O. VI. VII.
This plant has certainly narcotic and poiſonous
qualities, but notwithſtanding this it has lately
been introduced into the Materia Medica as an
excellent medicine to remove almoſt every com-
plaint ariſing from obſtructions in the glands.
The celebrated Stork firſt brought it into it's
preſent reputation : that gentleman, by many
repeated experiments, found, that an extract,
prepared from the freſh roots in the Spring, was
a very powerful and efficacious remedy in almoſt
all kinds of ulcerous, ſcrophulous, and even
cancerous diſorders.
neum I.
ATHAMANTA. Gen. Pl. 338.
Fru&tus ovato-oblongus, ſtriatus. Petala inflexa
emarginata.
ATHAMANTA foliolis capillaribus, feminibus
glabris ftriatis. Sp. pl. 353. (Ger. Em. 1052. f.
1. Moris. hift. f. 9. t. 2. fig. media ordinis fuper
rioris.)
Common Spignel, Meu, or Bawd-Money. Anglis.
Muilcionn. Gaulis.
In mountainous paſtures in many places, as about
Crawford John Caſtle, in Lanerkſhire; in the
mountains above Dunkeld, and in the paſtures
about Loch-Rannoch, in Perthſhire, &c, and Sib-
bald
و

158
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
bald ſays it grows upon the banks of Breick-
Water, in Weſt-Lothian. 24. V.
The root has a warm ſpicy taſte, and is ſometimes
uſed in medicine as a carminative and diuretic.
I.
CRITHMUM. Gen. Pl. 340.
Fructus ovalis, compreffus. Floſculi cequales.
inaritimum CRITHMUM foliolis lanceolatis carnoſis. Sp. pl.
354. (Ger. Em: 533. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. f. 9. t. 7.
f. 1. ordinis ſuperioris.)
CE Sampire. Anglis.
Upon the rocks by the ſea-ſide in Galloway. Sib-
bald. 2. VIII.
The common involucrum conſiſts of five leaves,
the partial ones each of ſeven.
The leaves of this plant are uſed in England as a
well-known pickle, of a warm aromatic flavor.
1.
HERACLEUM. Gen. Pl. 345.
Fructus ellipticus, emarginatus, compreſſus, ftria-
tus, marginatus. Cor. difformis, inflexo-emargi-
nata. Involucr. caducum.
ſphondylium HERAGLEUM foliolis pinnatifidis lævibus, flori-
bus radiatis. Syſt. Nat. 210. Sp. pl. 358. (Ger.
Em. 1009. Moris. hift. S. 9. t. 16. fig. media ora
dinis ſuperioris Pet. herb. t. 24. f. 1.)
Cow Parſnep. Anglis.
In meadows and borders of fields frequent. .
Gmelin, in his Flor. Sibirica, p. 214, tells us, that
the inhabitants of Camtſchatca, about the be-
ginning of July, collect the foot talks of the ra-
dical

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
159
dical leaves of this plant, and after peeling off
the rind, dry them ſeparately in the Sun, and
then tying them in bundles they lay them up
carefully in the ſhade : in a ſhort time after-
wards theſe dry'd ſtalks are cover'd over with a
yellow ſaccharine effloreſcence, taſting like liquo-
rice, and in this ſtate they are eaten as a great
delicacy.
The Ruſſians, not content with eating the ſtalks
thus prepar’d, contrive to get a very intoxicat-
ing ſpirit from them, by firſt fermenting them
in water with the greater Billberries, (Vaccinium
uliginoſum) and then diſtilling the liquor to what
degree of ſtrength they pleafe, which Gmelin ſays
is more agreeable to the taſte than fpirits made
from corn. This may therefore prove a good
ſuccedaneum for Whiſky, and prevent the con-
fumption of much barley, which ought to be
apply'd to better purpoſes. Swine and rabbits
are very fond of this plant. In the county of
Norfolk it is called Hog-weed.
LIGUSTICUM. Gen. Pl. 346.
Fru&tus oblongus 5-fulcatus utrinque. Corolle
æquales. Petalis involutis, integris.
Scoticum 1. LIGUSTICUM foliis biternatis; ſubtùs lucidis.
Lin. Mantiſs. 354. Sp. pl. 359. (Oed. Dan. t.
207. opt. Herm. par. t. 227. Pluk. Alm. t. 96. f.
2.) Tour in Scotl. 1772, qto. ed.
Scotch Parſley or Lovage. Anglis, Siunas or Shu-
nis. Gaulis Inſula Skie.
On

160
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
On the rocks by the ſea-ſide in many places, as on
the coaſt of Fife, between North and South
Weems, and below Kinghorne, and frequent in
the Weſtern iſlands of Jura, Iſa, Jona and Skie;
in which laſt it is call'd by the name of Shunis,
and is ſometimes eaten raw as a ſallad, or boild
as greens. The root is reckoned a good car-
minative. An infuſion of the leaves in whey
they give their calves to purge them. 2. VII.
ANGELICA. Gen. Pl. 347.
Fructus fubrotundus, angulatus, folidus, ſtylis re-
flexis. Corolla æquales; petalis incurvis.
Sylveſtris 1. ANGELICA foliis æqualibus ovato-lanceolatis
ſerratis. Sp. pl. 361. (Ger. Em. 999. f. 2. Moris.
hift. S. 9. t. 3. f. 2. ordinis ſecundi.)
Wild Angelica. Anglis.
In moiſt woods and marſhy places frequent: H. VII.
It renders hay ungrateful to cattle.
.
um I.
SIUM. Gen. Pl. 348.
Frúčtus ſubovatus, ftriatus. Involucrum polyphyl-
lum. Petala cordata.
anguſtifoli- SIUM foliis pinnatis, umbellis axillaribus pedun-
culatis, involucro univerſali pinnatifido. Syft.
Nat. 21. (Ger. Em. 256. f. 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 9.
t. 5. f. 2. ordinis ſecundi. Pet. herb. t. 26. f. 2.)
Narrow-leav'd Water Parfnep. Anglis.
In ditches and rivulets, but not common. Dr.
Parfons. 24. VII.
The ſecond pair of pinnä on the leaves are ſo
diſtant

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
162
diſtant from the firſt that there ſeems to be pair
wanting: the pinnæ are deeply ferrated.
nodiflorum S. foliis pinnatis, umbellis axillaribus feffilibus. Sp.
pl. 361. (Moris. hift. S. 9. t. 5. f. 3. benè Pet.
berb. t. 26.f. 3. Oed. Dan. 1.:247.)
Reclining Water Parſnep. Anglis.
By the ſides of rivulets. 24. VII.
2.
1.
SISON. Gen. Pl. 349.
Fructus ovatus, ftriatus. Involucra ſubtetraphylla.
inundatum ŞISON repens, umbellis bifidis. Sp. pl. 363. (Oed.
Dan. t. 89, opt. Moris. hiſt. f. 9. t. 9. f. 5. Pluk.
phyt. t. 61. f. 3. Pet. berb. t. 26. f. 4.)
The left Water Parſnep - Anglis,
In lakes and ponds that are dry'd up in the Sum-
mer not uncommon. O. VII.
It is one of the ſmalleſt plants of all the umbelli-
ferous tribe.
I.
OENANTHE. Gen. Pl. 352:
Flofculi difformes ; in diſco feſliles fteriles. Fructus
calyce coronatus.
fiſtuloſa r. OENANTHE ſtolonifera; foliis caulinis pinnatis
filiformibus fiftulofis. Sp. pl. 365. (Ger. Em.
1060. f. 5. Moris. hiſt. S. 9. t. 7. f. 8. Pet. herb.
† 25. f. 5 & 6.)
Water Dropwort. Anglis.
In ditches and rivulets, as between Inver keishing
and the North-Ferry, &c. 2, VIII.
M
The

162
PENTANDRÌA DIGYNIA.
The umbels have no univerſal involucrum; when
ripe they reſemble ſmall prickly ſpheres.
crocata 2. OE. foliis omnibus multifidis obtuſis ſubæquali-
bus. Sp. pl. 365. (Ger. Em. 1059. f. 4. Moris.
hiſt. S. t. 7. f. 2. ordinis ſecundi. Pet. herb. t. 25.
f. 7.)
Hemlock Dropwort. Ang lis.
Upon the banks of ditches, rivers and lakes fre-
quently. 4. VII.
The
rays
of the univerſal umbel are longitudinally
furrow'd, and has no univerſal involucrum : the
leaves are fingly and doubly pinnated : each fo-
liolum is wedge-ſhap'd, ſmooth, ſtreak'd with
lines, and notch'd on the edges.
The roots and leaves of this plant are a terrible
poiſon ; ſeveral perſons have periſhed by eating
it thro' miſtake, either for water-parſneps or for
celeri, which laſt it reſembles pretty much in its
leaves. So extremely deleterious is its nature,
that I remeniber to have heard the late Mr.
Chriſtopher D. Ehret, that celebrated botanic
painter, fay, that while he was drawing this
plant, the ſmell or effluvia only rendered him
ſo giddy that he was ſeveral times oblig'd to quit
the room, and walk out in the freſh air to re-
cover himſelf; but recollecting at laſt what
might probably be the cauſe of his repeated ill-
neſs, he opened the door and windows of the
room, and the free air then enabled him to niſh
;
his

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
163
his work without any more returns of his gid-
dineſs.
I have ſeen a large ſpoonful of the juice of this
plant given to a dog, which inade him very ſick
and ſtupid, but in about an hour he recover'd :
and I have ſeen a goat eat it with impunity.
To thoſe of the human kind, who have been ſo
unfortunate as to eat any part of this plant, a
vomit is the moſt approved remedy.
1.
PHELLANDRIUM. Gen. Pl. 353.
Floſcúli diſci minores. Fructus ovatus, lævis, cora-
natus perianthio & piſtillo,
equaticum PHELLANDRIUM foliorum ramificationibus
divaricatis. Sp. pl. 366. (Ger. Em. 1063. f 2.
Moris. hiſt. S. 9. t. 7. f. 7. ordinis fuperioris. Pet.
herb. t. 28. f. 4.)
Water Hemlock. Anglis:
In ditches and ponds, but not common. ģ. VIII.
The ſtalk is remarkably thick and dichotomous,
and grows in the water : the leaves are triply
pinnated; the pinnulæ feffile and ſerrated.
Linnæus informs us that the horſes in Sweden, by
eating of this plant are ſeiz'd with a kind of
palſey, which he ſuppoſes is brought upon them
not ſo much by any noxious qualities in the
plant itſelf, as by a certain infećt which breeds
in the ſtalks, calld by him, for that reaſon,
Curculio pareplefticus. Syft. Nct. 610. The
Swedes give fwine's dung for the cure.
M 2
CICUTA.
a

164
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
viroſa 1.
CICUTA. Gen. Pl. 354,
Fru&tus ſubovatus, ſulcatus.
CICUTA umbellis oppofitifoliis, petiolis margi-
natis obtufis. Sp. pl. 366. (Oed. Dan. t. 208. Ger.
Em. 256. f. 4. Moris. hift. S. 9. t. 5. f. 4. Pet.
herb. t. 28. f. 1. Moris. Umbel. t. 5. Folium
egregium Webfer in libello de bicuta equatica. t. I.
p. 4.)
Long-leav'd Water Hemlock. Anglis.
It grows by the ſides of lakes, but happily for us
very rare. Dr. Parſons diſcovered it on the ſide
of Loch-End. 24. VII.
The roots are large and hollow, divided into cells
by tranſverſe diaphragms: the ſtalk round and
fiſtular: the leaves pinnated with ſingle, double
and triple foliola, each foliolum ſpear-ſhap’d,
and finely ferrated; the ferratures white at the
tips: the umbel grows open, and is red at the
baſe : the partial involucra conſiſt each of many
ſhort ſetaceous leaves : the flowers are white, all
hermaphrodite, and uniform: the petals heart-
ſhap'd and inflex'd : the feeds oval, and furrow'd
with three prominent meridians.
Of the few vegetable poiſons in Great Britain this
is one of the principal. It is deſtructive not
only to man, but, according to moſt writers on
the ſubject, to almoſt every beaſt, except per-
haps the goat, which is ſaid to devour it as a
grateful food.
videre licet pingueſcere fæpe cicuta.
Barbigeras

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
165
a
Barbigeras pecudes, homini-que eft acre venenum.
Lucret.
Linnæus aſſures us that he has known cattle to die
by eating the roots; and Webfer informs us,
that one ounce of it threw a dog into convul-
fions, and two ounces kill'd it: he mentions
alſo its direful effects upon ſeveral other animals.
And Schwenke, a German writer, gives an account
of four boys, who had the misfortune to eat of
it; three of whom died in convulſions. Strong
emetics, adminiſter'd as ſoon as poſſible, are the
moſt approy'd antidote
ÆTHUSA. Gen. Pl. 355.
Involucella dimidiata, triphylla, pendula. Fructus
ſtriatus,
cynapium i. ÆTHUSA. Sp. pl. 367. (Ger. Em. 1063. f. 1.
Moris. bift. S. 9. t. 7. f. 2. ordinis ſuperioris ad
ſiniſtram.)
Leſſer Hemlock, or Fool's Parſley. Anglis.
It is a common weed in gardens. 0. VIII.
The ſtalk is channel'd : the leaves doubly and
triply pinnated : the lacinæ acute, and deeply
ſerrated : of a ſhining dark-green color.
The plant, when bruiſed, has a ſtrong virulent
ſmell, ſomething like garlick. It's qualities
correſpond to the ſmell, for it is of a poiſonous
nature, producing ſtupors, vomitings and con-
vulſions. Cooks therefore cannot be too care-
ful that they miſtake it not for parſley, which it
a good deal reſembles.
SCANDIX.
M 3

166
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA,
SCANDIX. Gen. Pl. 357.
Cor. radiata. Fruétus fubulatus. Petala emarginata.
Flofculi diſci fæpe maſculi.
odorata 1.* SCANDIX feminibus ſulcatis angulatis. Sp. pl. 368.
(Ger En. 1039, f. 3. Moris. hift. S. 9. t. 10.
10. f. 1.)
Great Sweet Chervil, or Myrrhe. Anglis.
It is frequent in the low-lands, in orchards, and
waſte places, but always near houſes, ſo that it
is probably not indigenous, but naturalized.
4. V.
The leaves are hairy, triply pinnated, and of a
ſweet agreeable ſcent: the ſtalks channeld and
fiftular: the flowers white.
pečten vene- SCANDIX feminibus lævibus roſtro longiſſimo.
ris, 2.
Sp. pl. 368. (Ger. Em. 1040. f. 1. Moris. bift. So
9. t. 11. f. 1. ordinis ſecundi.)
Shepherd's-Needle, or Venus comb. Anglis.
In corn fields. Dr. Perſons. 0. VI.
anthriſcus 3 S, feminibus ovatis hiſpidis, corollis uniformibus,
caule lævi. Sp. pl. 368. (Moris
. bift
. S. 9. t. 10.
f. 2. ordinis ſuperioris. Pet. berb. t. 27. f. 12. Co-
lumn. ecph. 1. p. 110. t. 112.)
Small Hemlock Chervil, with rough ſeeds. Anglis.
In waſte places, and on dry banks near towns and
villages. O. VI.
CHÆROPHYLLUM. Gen. pl. 358
Involucrum refexum, concavum. Petala inflexo-
cordata. Fructus oblongus, lævis.
Sylveſtre

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
167
Blveſtre 1. CHÆROPHYLLUM caule lævi ſtriato, genicu-
lis tumidiuſculis. Syft. Nat. 214. Sp. pl. 369.
(Moris. bift. f. 9. t. 11. f. 5. Pet. herb. t. 25. f.
2.)
Wild Cicely or Cow-weed. Anglis.
Under hedges frequent 2. V.
The ſtalk is thick, channelled and fiftular, not al-
ways ſmooth, but frequently hairy : the leaves
are triply pinnated : the pinnulæ ſharply ferrated,
generally ſmooth, except the nerves, which are
always hairy: the petals are unequal, the exter-
nal ones of the umbel being the largeſt. The
ſeeds, when ripe, are blackiſh, ſmooth, and
ſhining
The cows are very fond of this plant in the Spring,
The leaves will dye wool of a green and yellow
color.
semulum 2. CHÆROPHYLLUM caule ſcabro, geniculis tu-
midis. Sp. pl 370. (Ger. Em. 1038. f. 2. Peta
herb t. 25. f. 3. Morift. hift. S. 9.t. 10. f. 7.)
Wild Chervil. Anglis.
In hedges. Dr. Parſons. Ā. VIII.
The ſtalk is hairy, tumid under the joints, and
mark'd with red ſpots: the leaves are hairy,
doubly pinnated : the pinnulæ obtuſe and Nightly
ferrated : the young umbels hang down their
heads : the petals are unequal, the exterior ores
being largeſt: the central flowers are abortive :
the feeds ſmooth and furrow'd.
IMPERATORIA.

168
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
1.
IMPERATORIA. Gen. Pl. 359.
Fructus ſubrotundus, compreſſus, medio gibbus,
margine cinctus. Petala inflexo-marginata.
oftruthium IMPERATORIA. Sp.pl. 371. (Ger. Em. 1001.
f. 1. Moris. hift, f. 9. t. 4 f. 1.)
Maſterwort. Anglis.
I obſerv'd it upon the banks of the Clyde in ſeveral
places, particularly about Ardencaple, and in the
iſle of Bute, near Mountſtewart; but whether in-
digenous or not is uncertain. 24. VI.
The leaves are pinnated with about five pinnæ,
the extreme one always divided into three lobes,
and all ſharply ferrated.
The root is warm and aromatic, and is eſteem'd a
good ſudorific. There are recorded inſtances of
it's curing the ague, when the bark has fail'd.
It ſhould be dug up in the Winter, and a ſtrong
infuſion made in wine.
SMYRNIUM. Gen. Pl. 363.
Frustus oblongus, ftriatus. Petale acuminata cari-
nata.
alajetkum : SMYRNIUM-foliis caulinis ternatis petiolatis ſer-
ratis. Sp.pl. 376. (Ger. Em. 1019. Moris. hit. s.
9. t. 4. f. 1. ordinis fecundi. Pet. herb. t. 24. f. 12)
Alexanders. Anglis.
Upon the ſea coaſt at Dunglaſs, on the edge of
Berwickſhire. Dr. Parſons. 0. VI.
CARUM.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA,
169
carui I.
CARUM, Gen. pl. 365.
Fru&tus ovato oblongus, ftriatus. Involucrum mo-
nophyllum. Petala carinata, inflexo-emarginata.
CARUM. Sp. pl. 378. (Ger. Em. 1034. Pet. herb,
1. 26. f 10.)
Caraways. Anglis.
Under the rocks of Edinburgh caſtle, towards the
Weſt. Dr. Parſons. I obſerv'd it alſo growing
in the iſland of Oranſe, but moſt probably from
ſeeds accidentally ſcattered. î. VI.
The ſeeds are a well-known carminative.
The
young leaves are good in ſoups, and the roots
are by ſome efteem'd a delicate food.
a
3
PIMPINELLA. Gen. pl. 366.
Fructus ovato-oblongus. Petala inflexa. Stigma
ſubglobofa.
faxifraga 1. PIMPINELLA foliis pinnatis, foliolis radicalibus
fubrotundis ; ſummis linearibus. Sp. pl. 378.
(Ger. Em. 1044. f. 2. Moris. hift. f. 9. t. 5. f. 6.
ordinis ſuperioris.)
Small Burnet Saxifrage. Anglis.
In dry mountainous paſtures frequent, 2. VIII.
There is a variety of it with the radical leaves la-
ciniated. y. Pet. herb. t. 26. f. 8.
APIUM. Gen. pl. 367.
Fructus ovatus, ſtriatus. Involucr. monophyllum.
Petale æqualia.
graveolens APIUM foliis caulinis cuneiformibus, umbellis
2.
ſeffilibus.

170
PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
ſeſſilibus. Sp. pl. 379. (Ger. Em. 1014. Moris.
hijt. 8. 9. f. 9. f. 8. Pet. herb. t. 26. f. 12.)
Smallage or Celeri. Anglis.
In marſhy places by the ſea ſide: in the ditches
behind Muſelburgh. Dr. Parſons. ū. VIII.
1.
ÆGOPODIUM. Gen. pl. 368.
Frućtus ovato-oblongus, ſtriatus.
podagraria ÆGOPODIUM foliis caulinis fummis ternatis.
Sp. pł. 379. (Ger. Em. 1011. f. 2. Moris. hiſt. S.
9. t. 4. f. 11. Pet. herb. t. 25. f. 10.)
Gout-Weed, Aſh-Weed, or Herb-Gerard. Anglis.
Under hedges and in gardens. 4. VI.
The young leaves in the Spring are eaten in Sweden
and Switzerland as greens.
TRIG Y NI A.
VIBURNUM. Gen. pl. 370.
Cal. 5-partitus, fuperus. Cor. 5-fida. Bacca mo-
noſperma.
lantena 1, VIBURNUM foliis cordatis ferratis venoſis, ſub-
tus tomentoſis. Sp. pl. 384. (Ger. Em. 1490.)
The Way-faring-Tree. Anglis.
At Sir John Hall's, in Dunglaſs-Glen. Dr. Parſons.
5. VI.
opulus 2.
V. foliis lobatis, petiolis glandulofis. Sp. pl. 384.
(Ger. Em. 1424. f. 1.)
Water Elder. Anglis.
In moiſt woods and hedges, but not common. Dr.
Parſons. h. VI.
SAMBUCUS.

PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
171
ebulus 1.
SAMBUCUS Gen. pl. 372.
Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. 5 fida. Bacca 3-ſperma.
.
SAMBUCUS cymis tripartitis, ftipulis foliaceis,
caule herbaceo. Sp. pl. 385. Syft. Nat. 219.
(Miller. icon. 226. opt. Ger. Em. 1426.)
Dwarf-Elder or Dane-wort. Anglis.
By way-ſides, but not common.
I obſerv'd it near
Dumfries, in the road from thence towards Caer-
lavrock caftle, and at Duplin, the ſeat of Lord
Kinnoul, near Perth, &c. 4. VII.
The leaves have three or four pair of pinnæ, much
longer than thoſe of the common elder: the tips
of the petals are red and inflex’d.
The roots are a powerful diuretic: a decoction of
them has been found ſerviceable in the dropſy.
nigra 2.
SAMBUCUS cymis quinquepartitis, caule arborco
Sp. pl. 385. (Ger. Em. 1422. f. 1.)
Common Elder. Anglis. An druman. Gaulis.
In woods and hedges frequent. h. VI.
An infuſion of the inner green bark of this ſhrub
in white wine, or it's expreſsid juice to the quan-
tity of half an ounce, or an ounce, is ſaid to
prove a moderate cathartic, and in ſmall doſes
to be an efficacious deobftruent. The bruiſed
leaves in a cataplaſm are ſometimes applied out-
wardly in eryſipelas and pleuriſies, and are reck-
oned to be very relaxing. The dryed flowers are
a ſudorific, and the juice of the berries, infpif-
ſąted to the conſiſtence of a rob, proves a ſafe
and
a

$72
PENT ANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
and uſeful aperient medicine, good in obſtruc-
tions of the viſcera, and to promote the natural
evacuations. The berries are alſo uſed to make
a wine, which has fomething of the flavor of
frontiniac; and in ſome countries they dye cloth
of a brown color with them. The young um-
bels before the flowers expand are by ſome
eſteer'd for pickling:
media I.
ALSINE. Gen. Pl. 380.
Cal. pentaphyllus. Petela 5, æqualia. Capſula uni-
locularis, trivalvis.
ALSINE petalis bipartitis, foliis ovato-cordatis.
Sp. pl. 389. (Oed, Dan. t. 525. floribus 5-andris,
& t.438. floribus 10-andris. Moris. bift. f. 5. t.
23. f. 4. Ger. Em. 611. f. 2.)
Common Chickweed. Anglis.
In ſhady places and in gardens frequent. 0. V-IX.
It varies in its number of ſtamina from three to ten.
Chickens and many kinds of ſmall birds are very
fond of this plant.
TE TRA G Y NI A.
PARNASSIA. Gen. pl. 834.
Cal. 5-partitus. Petala 5. Nectaria 5, cordata, ci-
liata apicibus globoſis. Capſwa quadrivalvis.
paluftris 1. PARNASSIA. Sp. pl. 391. (Moris. hiſt. S. 12. t.
10. f. 3. Ger. Emac. 840. f. 1.)
Grafs of Parnaſſus. Anglis.
In bogs and wet paſtures frequent. 24. VIII.
The

Hitta
PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
173
The ſtalk is about a foot high, angular, and often
a little twiſted, bearing a ſingle white flower at
top: the leaves are heart-ſhap'd, thoſe on the
ſtalk feſfile : the flower is white, with five ſtri-
ated petals : the nectaria are of a yellowiſh green
color, heart-ſhap'd and ciliated : the cilia ter-
minated each with little yellow pellucid ſpheres ;
a very diſtinguiſhing character of this plant.
PENT A G Y NI A.
STATICE. Gen. pl. 388.
Cal. 1-phyllus, integer, plicatus, ſcarioſus. Petale
5. Sem. I, ſuperum.
ermeria 1. STATICE fcapo fimplici capitato, foliis linearibus.
Sp. pl. 394. (Moris. hiſt. S. 15. t. 1. f. 29. Ger.
Em. 602. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 72. f. 8.)
Thrift or Sea Gilly-flower. Anglis. Bàr-dearg.
Gaulis.
The moſt humble and moſt lofty of plants. It
grows frequently upon the ſea-ſhores, and upon
the ſummits of the higheſt mountains. 4. VII.
LINUM. Gen. pl. 389.
Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Capſula 5-valvis, 10-lo-
cularis. Sem. ſolitaria.
* Foliis alternis.
LINUM calycibus capſulifq; mucronatis, petalis
crenatis, foliis lanceolatis alternis, caule ſubſoli-
tario. Sp. pl. 397. (Ger. Em. 556. Moris. hiſt. ſ.
5. t. 26. f. 1. ad dextram ordinis fecundi.)
Flax
ufitatilli-
mum I.

174
PENTÂNDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
Flax, Anglis. Liòn. Gaulis.
In corn fields. O. VI.
Not to mention the great ceconomical uſe of this
plant in making of linen, the ſeeds are eſteemid
an excellent emollient and anodyne : they are
uſed externally in cataplaſms, to aſſuage the
pain of inflam'd tumors : internally, a Night in-
fuſion of linſeed, by way of tea, is recommended
in coughs as an excellent pectoral, and of great
ſervice in pleuriſies, nephritic complaints, and
ſuppreſtions of urine.
* Foliis oppoſitis.
catharticum L. foliis oppoſitis ovato-lanceolatis, caule dichoto-
mo, corollis acutis. Sp. pl. 401. (Ger. Em. 560.
f. 5. Pet. herb. t. 55. f. 12.)
Purging Flax. Anglis. An caol-miòſachan. Geulis.
In dry paſtures common. O. VI.
A drachm of the dry'd plant pulveriz'd, or an in-
fuſion of a handful of it in whey or water, is a
2.
ſafe purge.
radiola 3. L. foliis oppoſitis, caule dichotomo, floribus te-
trandris tet! agynis. Sp. pl. 402. (Oed. Dan. 178.
opt. Raj. Syn. p. 348. t. 15.f. 3. Vail. paris. t. 4.
f. 6. Ger Em. 569. f. 2. pet. herb. t. 59. f. 12.)
The left Rupture-wort, or All-feed. Anglis.
In moiſt gravelly foils, and where water has ſtood
in the Winter ; obſerv'd at Y-columb-kill by Jos.
Banks, Eſquire. 0. VIII.
DROSERA

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
175
1.
DROSERA. Gen. pl. 391.
Cal. 5-fidus. Petala 5. Caps. 1-locularis, apice 5-
valvis. Sem. plurima.
rotundifolia DROSERA ſcapis radicatis, foliis orbiculatis. Sp.
pl. 402. (Ger. Em. 1556. f, 1. Pet. herb. t. 63. f:
10.).
Round-leav'd Sundew, Anglis. Lus-na-fearnaich.
Gaulis.
On bogs and heathy grounds frequent. 2. VII.
longifolia 2. D. fcapis radicatis, foliis oblongis. Sp. pl. 403.
(Ger. Em. 1556. f. 2. Moris. hift. S. 15.t: 4. f. 2.
& var. fig. altera ad dextram ordinis ſuperioris.
Pet. herb. t. 63. f. 11 & 12.)
Long-leav’d Sundew. Anglis.
In the ſame places as the preceding, and equally
common. 24. VII,
Theſe plants are readily diſtinguiſhed by their
leaves, which are cover'd on the upper ſide with
purple tubular hairs, tipp'd with drops of a viſcid
liquor : the ſtalk is deftitute of leaves, and bears
a 1pike of white flowers, all for the moſt part on
the ſame ſide of the ſtalk.
a
SIBBALDIA. Gen. pl. 393.
Cal. 10-fidus, Petala 5, calyci inſerta. Styli e latere
germinis. Sem. 5.
procumbens SIBBALDIA foliolis tridentatis. Sp.pl. 406. (Oed.
Dan. t. 32. Pluk. Alm. t. 312. f. 3.)
Reclining Sibbaldia. Anglis.
:
Upon
1.

176
PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
Upon many of the highland mountains, as oh Ben-
Lomond in Dumbartonſhire, Ben-mor in Breadal-
bane, &c. It begins to grow about a mile from
the tops, and continues to be found quite to the
fummits. It has never been diſcover'd in any
other part of Great-Britain, except Scotland.
a
POL Y G Y NI A.
uninimus 1.
MYOSURUS. Gen. Pl. 394.
Cal. 5-phyllus, baſi adnatus. Nečtaria 5, ſubulata,
petaliformia. Sem. numeroſa.
MYOSURUS. Sp. pl. 407. (Oed. Dan. t. 406.
Ger. Em. 426.f. 4. Pet. herb. t. 39. f. 7.)
Mouſetail. Anglis.
In corn-fields of a gravelly ſoil. Sibbald. O, V.
CLASSIS

HE X ANDRI A.
177
CLASS I S VI.
Η Ε Χ Α Ν D R Ι Α
HEM ON O G Y N I A.
* Flores calyculati calyce corollaque inftruati.
BERBERIS. Cor. 6-petala. Cal. 6-phyllus, inferus.
Bacca 2-ſperma.
* Flores Spathacei, ſeủ glumacei.
ALLIUM. Cor: infera, 6-petala. Pet. ovata, fer-
filia.
* flores nudí.
sitron CONVALLARÍA. Cor. infera, 6-fida. Bacca 3-
ſperma.
HYACINTHUS. Cor. infera, 6-fida. Germinis ad
apicem pori 3 melliferi.
ANTHERICUM. Cor. infera, 6-petala, plana.
ORNITHOGALUM. Cor. infera, 6-petala. Filam.
alternis bafi dilatatis.
SCILLA. Cor. infera, 6-petala, decidua. Filam.
filiformia.
• Fiores incompleti.
FUNCUS. Cal. 6-phyllus. Caps. 1-locularis.
PEPLIS. Cal. 12-fidus. Caps. 2-locularis.
DİGYNIA. Polygona varia.
N
TRIGYNIA

198
HEXANDRIA.
TRIG Y NI A.
COLCHICUM. Cal. ſpatha. Cor. 6-petaloidea.
TRIGLOCHIN. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. 3-petala.
Caps, baſi dehiſcens.
RUMEX. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. 3-petala. Sem. I,
triquetrum.
Anthericum calyculatum.
POL Y GYNI A.
ALSIMA. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. 3-petala. Pericarp.
plura.
M O N O G Y NI A.
BERBERIS. Gen. Pl. 442.
Cal. 6-phyllus. Petala 6, ad ungues glandulis 2.
Stylus o. Bacca 2-ſperma.
valgaris 1. BERBERIS pedunculis racemoſis. Lin. Sp. 471.
(Miller. icon. t. 63. Ger. Em. 1325.)
The Barberry-buſh. Anglis.
In the hedges about Hamilton. Dr. Perſons. h. VI.
The fruit is cooling, and good to quench thirſt in
fevers, for which purpoſe it is generally made
into a conſerve.tn XIT
The inner bark, ſteep'd in white wine, is purgative,
and has been found often to be very ſerviceable
in the jaundice. U
ALLIUM. Gen. Pl. 409.
Cor. 6-partita, patens. Spatha multiflora. Umbella
congefta. Caps. ſupera.
* Foliis

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA:
179
a
* Foliis caulinis planis, umbella bulbifera.
arencrium I ALLIUM caule planifolio bulbifero, vaginis tere-
tibus, ſpatha mutica, ftaminibus tricuſpidatis.
Sp. pl. 426. (Haller, opuſcul. de Allio. t. 2. f. 2.
Moris. hiſt. f. 4. t. 14. f. 5. Ded. Dan. t. 2905
ſecundum Hallerum.)
Broad-leavd Mountain Garlick. Angiis.
At the foot of mountains in fandy foils, but not
common. 4. VII.
The flowers and bulbs of the umbei are of a pura
pliſh color
** Foliis caulinis teretibus.
vineale 2. ALLIUM caule teretifolio bulbifero, ftaminibus
tricuſpidatis. Sp: pl. 428. (Ger. Em. 179. f. i.
Pet. herb. t. 66. f. 1.)
Crow-Garlick. Anglis.
In dry paſtures, but not very common. Under Sá.
lifbury-Craigs, &c. 24. VI.
*** Foliis radicalibus, ſcapo nudo.
Berfinum 3. A. ſcapo nudo triquetro, foliis lanceolatis petiolatis,
umbella faſtigiata. Sp. pl. 431. (Ger. Em. 179.
f. 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 4. t. 15. f. 15. Pet. herb. t.
66. f. 8.)
Ramſons. Anglis.
In moiſt woods, and on the ſides of rivulets not
unfrequent, as at Drumlanrig in Nithſdale, in
the woods by Roſlin-Caſtle, at Loch-Ranſa in the
iſle of Arran, &c. 2. VI.
If cows happen to feed upon it the garlick odor
will
N 2

180
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
will be communicated to the milk, butter and
cheeſe.
The inhabitants of Arran take an infuſion of the
leaves for the gravel with good ſucceſs.
Schoenopra- A. ſcapo nudo adæquante folia teretia ſubulato
Sum 4.
filiformia. Syft. Nat. 240. Sp. pl. 432. (Moris.
bift. f. 4. t. 14. f. 4. ordinis ſuperioris. Ger. Em.
176. f. 1.)
Cives or Chives. Anglis.
By Faft-Cafte, on the borders of Berwickſhire. Dr.
Parſons. I was inform'd that it had been found
alſo in Nether-Lorn, in Argyleſbire.. 24. VII.
ORNITHOGALUM. Gen. Pl. 418.
Cor. 6-petala, erecta, perſiſtens, ſupra medium pa-
tens. Filamenta alterna baſi dilatata.
lateum I. ORNITHOGALUM ſcapo anguloſo diphyllo,
pedunculis umbellatis fimplicibus. Sp. pl. 439.
(Oed. Dan. t. 378. opt. Ger. Em. 165. f. 2. Moris.
hift. f. 13. t. 4. f. 12. Pet. herb. t. 66. f. 12.)
Yellow Star of Bethlehem. Anglis.
In woods. It flowers at the ſame time with the ra-
nunculus Ficaria. 24. III & IV.
I have inſerted this as a native of Scotland, on the
authority of Sibbeld, and the certainty of it's
growing in Northumberland.
The petals are green on the outſide, and yellow
within.
SCILLA. Gen. Pl. 419.
Cor. 6-petala, patens, decidua. Filament a filiformia.
bifolia

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
181
bifolia 1,
SCILLA foribus erectiuſculis paucioribus. Sp. pl.
443. (Ger. Em. 106. f. 1. Moris. bift. S. 4. t. 12.
f. 15. Pet. herb. t. 67. f. 5.)
Vernal Star Hyacinth. Anglis.
Upon rocks cover'd with a ſhallow ſoil, in the
iſlands of fona and Staffa abundantly, &c. 4. V.
The root is bulbous, conſiſting of ſeveral coats
like an onion: the radical leaves are two or
three: the ſtalk naked, about four inches high :
the flowers erect, blue, in number from two to
ten.
ANTHERICUM, Gen. Pl. 422.
Cor. 6-petala, patens. Caps. ovata.
lifragum ! ANTHERICUM foliis enſiformibus, filamentis
lanatis. Sp. pl. 446. (Oed. Dan. t. 42. opt. Ger.
Em. 95. f. 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 4. t. 1. f. 7. Pet. herb.
t. 66. f. 9.)
Lancaſhire-Aſphodel, or Yellow Marſh Antheri-
cum. Anglis. Am bliocan. Gaulis.
Very common in mooriſh grounds all over Scotland,
and the Weſtern iſles. 4. VII VIII.
2.
salyculatum A. foliis enſiformibus, perianthiis trilobis filamen-
tis glabris, floribus trigynis. Syft. Nat. 244. Sp.
pl. 447. (Oed. Dan. t. 36. opt. Flor. Lapp. t. 10.
f. 3. & fig. noft.)
3
Scorch Aſphodel, or White Mountain Anthericum.
Anglis.
Upon ſeveral of the highland mountains, as about
Loch Rannoch, in Perthſhire, &c. I obſerv'd it
alſo
N 3

182
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
alſo in the iſland of Rum, upon a mountain
call'd Baikevoll.
The flowers grow in a cloſe ſpike: the peduncles
ſingle, with a ſmall trifid kind of bractea at
their baſe, reſembling a calyx; whence the tri-
vial name of calyculatum.
a
šnajalis 1.
CONVALLARIA. Gen. Pl. 425.
Cor. 6-fida. Bacca maculofa, 3-locularis.
* Corollis campanulatis,
CONVALLARIA ſcapo nudo. Sp.pl. 451. (Ger.
Em. 410. f: 1. Moris. biff. ſ. 13. t. 4. f. 1. Pet.
berb. t. 46. f. 7.)
Lilly of the Valley, or May-Lilly. Anglis.
At Scotland-Wald, and at Methven Wood. Sibbalda
2. V.
** Corollis infundibuliformibus.
multiflora 2 CONVALLARIA foliis alternis amplexicaulibus,
caule tereti, pedunculis axillaribus multiforis,
Sp. pl. 452. (Miller. icon. 101. f. 1. Oed. Dan. t.
152. Ger. Em. 903. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 44. f. 5.)
Solomon's Seal. Anglis.
In woods but not common, I obſerv'd it in the
woods about Tibber-Caſtle, near Drumlanrig, in
Nibſdale. 2. V. VI.
HYACINTHUS. Gen. pl. 427.
Cor. campanulata; pori tres melliferi germinis.
non fcripius HYACINTHUS corollis campanulatis ſexpartitis
apice

را یاد

IX
Juncus
crifidus
Juncus
triglumis
.P. 183.
Moses Griffiths de.
P.186.
PMarell sculp

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
183
tus I.
apice revolutis. Sp. Pl. 453. (Ger. Em. 111. f. 1.
Pet. herb. t. 67. f. 4.)
Engliſh Hyacinth, or Harebells. Anglis.
Am fuath-muc. Gaulis.
In woods not unfrequent, as in Coryton woods, and
on the South ſide of the river oppoſite Logton
wood, by Dalkeith, &c. 24. V.
JUNCUS. Gen. pl. 437.
Cal. 6-phyllus. Cor. o. Caps. I-locularis.
* Culmis nudis.
conglomera- JUNCUS culmo nudo ſtricto, capitulo laterali.
Sp.pl. 464. (Moris. hiſt. S. 8. t. 10. f. 7.)
Cluſter-flower'd Ruſh. Anglis.
In wet and marſhy grounds. 4. VII.
This ruſh is uſed to make wicks for candles, and
the pith of it to make toy-baſkets.
effufus 2. JUNCUS culmo nudo ftricto, panicula laterali.
Sp. pl. 464. (Moris. hiſt. S. 8. t. 10. f. 4.)
Common Soft-Ruſh. Anglis.
In marſhy grounds. 2. VII.
This is likewiſe uſed for making candle-wicks, and
in ſome places for ropes and baſkets.
inflexus 3. J. culmo nudo, apice membranaceo incurvo, pani-
cula laterali. Sp. pl. 464. (Moris. hijt. S. 8. t. 10.
f. 25. & ejus var. y? S. 8. t. 10. f. 13.)
Hard-Ruth. Angiis.
Upon the ſhores on the coaſt of Fife. Dr. Perſons.
24. VII.
J. culmo nudo, foliis floribuſq; tribus terminalibus.
Sp.
trifidus 4.

784
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Sp. pl. 465. (Oed. Dan. t. 107. Bauh. Prod. p.
22. t. 22. fig. ad dextram. Exempla noſtra mo-
nantha ſunt. vid. fig.)
Trifid Ruſh. Anglis,
I I found it upon the ſummits of the highland moun-
tains to the South of Little-Loch-Broom, in Roſs-
Shire, and on Ben-na-ſcree, above Arneſdale, on
the ſide of Loch-Urn, in Inverneſsſhire, &c. .
VII.
It varies with one, two and three axillary, and al-
moſt feffile flowers. The ſpecimens I found had
all ſingle flowers.
Squarroſus J. culmo nudo, foliis ſetaceis, capitulis glomeratis
5. aphyllis, Sp. Pl. 465. (Oed. Dan. t. 430. Loeſ.
Prul p.115. t. 29. Moris. bift. f. 8. t. 9. f. 13.
benè.)
Moſs Ruſh. Anglis.
In mooriſh heathy ground common. 4. VII.
The leaves are rigid, and ſpread open from one
another: the ſtalk is erect and ſtiff: the glumes
at the baſe of the calyx, and the edges of the
leaves of it white : the capſule of a dark red,
and ſhining
** Cylmis folioſis.
articulatus JUNCUS foliis nodoſo-articulatis, petalis obtufis.
6.
Sp. pl. 465. (Moris. hiſt. S. 8. t. 9. f. 1. ad dex-
irom. Bauh. Prod. f. ad p. 12, finiftram. Ger. Em.
p. 22. f. 9.)
Jointed-leav'd Ruſh. Anglis
.
In

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 185
In woods and moiſt meadows frequent. 4. VIII.
A variety of this, producing bunches of reddin
leaves, inſtead of umbels of flowers, is frequent
in bogs and ditches in the Autumn. (ſee fig.
Bauh. Prod. p. 12. ad dextram. & Moris. hift. S.
8. t. 9. f. 2.) Theſe leaves ſeem to put on thiş
appearance from ſome obſtruction in the growth
of the plant, occaſion’d by an infect of the
Coccus tribe.
The flowers alſo in the Autumn are frequently via
viparous, the germina ſhooting young leaves be.
fore the ſeeds are ripe, as in the following.
2
bulbofus 7. J. foļiis linearibus canaliculatis, capſulis obtuſis.
Sp. pl. 466. (Oed. Dan. t. 431. Moris. hiſt. 5. 8.
t. 9. f. 11.)
Bulbous Ruſh. Anglis.
Frequently upon the ſea-coaſt, and in moiſt mea-
dows. 4. VIII.
The capſules are obtufe, and of a dark-brown
ſhining color; ſometimes viviparous. See Pluk.
t. 32. f. 3. &. Scheuck. Agroft. p. 330. t. 7. f.
10. Moris. bift. S. 8. t. 9. f. 4. ordinis ſecundi.
bufonius 8. J. culmo dichotomo, foliis angulatis, foribus foli-
tariis fefilibus. Sp. pl. 466. (Moris. hiſt. S. 8. t.
9. f. 14. Barrel. icon. 263 & 264. Ger. Em.p. 4.
f. 4.)
Toad-Ruſh. Anglis.
In places that have been overflow'd in the Winter,
O. VIII.
This

186
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
This is likewiſe found ſometimes viviparous.
..
triglumis 9. JUNCUS foliis planis, gluma triflora terminali,
sp. pl. (Oed. Dan. t. 132. Flor. Lap. t. 10. f.
5. & fig noft.)
Three-flower'd Ruſh. Anglis.
Upon the highland mountains, but not common ;
on the Eaſt ſide of Craig-Chealleach, above Fin-
larig, in Breodalbane, &c. Mr. Stuart.
The glume and capfules are chocolate-color'd.
pilofus 10. J. foliis planis pilofis, corymbo ramofo, Sp.pl. 468
(Oed. Dan. t. 441. Moris. hiſt. S. 8. t. 9. f. 1. or-
dinis ſuperioris ad ſiniſtram.)
Hairy Wood-Ruſh. Anglis.
In woods frequent. 2. V.
fylvaticus ir J. foliis planis piloſis, umbella ſupradecompofita
floribus fubfeffilibus. Hudſ. Flor. Angl. 132. J.
piloſus ver. .. Lin. Sp. pl. 468. (Moris. hiſt. Su 8.
t. 9. f. 2 ordinis Superioris ad finiftram.)
Great hairy Wood-Ruſh. Anglis.
In woods and ſhady places; on the banks of the
river at Roſlin, near Edinburgh. Dr. Parſons.
4. V.
12.
campeſtris J. foliis planis pitoſis, fpicis feffilibus pedunculatif-
que. Sp. pl. 468. (Moris. hiſt. S. 8. t. 9. f. 4. or-
dinis Superioris. Ger. Em. p. 17. f. 2.)
Hairy Paſture-Ruſh. Anglis.
Frequent in dry paſtures. 4. IV.
A variety of this, with an erect ſtalk, and compact
globular

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
187
globular heads of flowers, often occurs in mooriſh
grounds, flow'ring a month later. (Moris. hiſt. S.
8. t. 9. f. prima ordinis fuperioris.)
fpicatus 13. J. foliis planis, ſpica racemoſa nutante. Sp. pl. 469.
(Oed. Dan. t. 270. Fl. Lapp. t. 10. f. 4.)
Alpine Nodding-Ruſh. Anglis.
Upon the ſides of the highland mountains, near
their ſummits : upon Ben-na-ſcree, on the North
Įide of Loch-Urn, on the Weſtern coaſt of In-
verneſsſhire, &c. 4. VII.
The ſtalk bends in an arc towards the top, bearing
at the extremity a cloſe oblong ſpike of Aowers :
the leaves are ſometimes a little hairy at the
baſe. It is very nearly related to the preceding
{pecies.
PEPLIS. Gen. pl. 446.
Perianth. campanulatum, ore 12-fido. Petala 6,
calyci inſerta. Caps. 2-locularis.
portula 1. PEPLIS Horibus apetalis. Sp. pl. 474. (Oed. Dan. .
t. 64. opt. Loeſel. Pruf. t. 20. Michel. gen. t. 18,
fig. Juperior. Veil. Peris. t. 15. f. 5.Ger. Em. 614.
f. 11.)
Water Purſane. Anglis.
In places that have been overflow'd in the Winter
not uncommon. O. VIII.
The ſtalks are angular, and creep upon the ground:
the leaves grow in pairs, ſmooth, with long foot-
ſtalks, but rounded at the extremity: the flowers
are ſeſſile in the alæ of the leaves, and frequently
without any petals.
TRIGYNIA

188
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
TRIGYNI A.
RUMEX. Gen. pl. 451.
Cal. 3-phyllus. Petala tria, conniventia. Sem. uni-
cum triquetrum.
* Hermaphroditi. valvulis granulo notatis.
criſpus 1. RUMEX floribus hermaphroditis, valvulis integris
graniferis, foliis lanceolatis undulatis acutis. Sp.
pl. 476. (Pet. herb. t. 2. f. 2.)
Curled Dock. Anglis.
By way-ſides and near houſes frequent. 24. VI. VII.
The lower leaves are oval and obtuſe, the upper
ones lanceolate, all of them curld, or wav'd on
the edges: from the alæ of the leaves, and at
the top of the plant, grow looſe ſpikes, the
younger ones thick, and not intermix'd with
leaves : the valves of the feeds are entire on the
edges, very large, and mark'd on their ſides with
glands or yellow warts.
maritimus RUMEX foribus hermaphroditis, valvulis denta-
2.
tis gramiferis, foliis linearibus. Sp. pl. 478. (Pet.
herb. t. 2. f. 8. Bocc. muſ. 2. p. 142. t. 104.)
Golden Dock, Anglis.
On the ſea-coaſt in low wet places, but not com-
mon. 2. VIII.
acutus 3 R. floribus hermaphroditis, valvulis dentatis gra-
niferis, foliis cordato-oblongis acuminatis. Sp.
pl. 478. (Ger. Em. 388. f. 1.)
Sharp-pointed Dock. Anglis. Copagach. Gaulis.
In

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
189
a
In moiſt deep ſoils under hedges and in paſtures
frequent. 2. VII
The root is woody, thick, of a dark brown color
without, and yellow within: the ſtalk four or
five feet high: the leaves lanceolate, and in-
dented on the edges : the flowers grow in looſe,
naked ſpikes, hermaphrodite and female often
intermix’d.
A decoction of the root, taken internally, is re-
commended againſt the ſcurvy, and other cuta-
neous diſorders.
obtuſifolius R. Aoribus hermaphroditis, valvulis dentatis grani.
4.
feris, foliis cordato-oblongis obtuſiuſculis crenu-
latis. Sp. pl. 478. (Ger. Em. 388. f. 3. Pet. herb.
1. 2. f. 9.)
Broad-leav'd Dock. Anglis.
By way-ſides and waſte places frequent. 4. VII.
Dr. Parſons.
The leaves are of an oblong, oval figure, a little
criſp'd on the edges, and emarginated about the
footſtalks: the flowers grow in thick ſpikes, un-
interrupted with leaves : the dents on the edges
of the valves are numerous, and nearly as long
as the diameter of the valves.
pulcher 5. RUMEX floribus hermaphroditis, valvulis denta-
tis, ſubunica granifera, foliis radicalibus pandu-
riformibus. Sp. pl. 477. (Pet. herb. t. 2. f. 10.
Moris hift. S. 5. t. 27. f. 13.)
Fiddle-Dock. Anglis.
By way.fides in dry places. Sibbald. 2. VI.
The

1go
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
The radical leaves have a deep ſinus in their edges
on each ſide, and are beſides a little criſp'd: the
ſtalk ones are lanceolate: the branches are an-
gular and divaricated: the flowers grow in dif-
tant feffile whirls : the valves are dentated,
with an obtuſe apex; the exterior one has a large
wart or grain, the other ſcarcely any.
** Hermapbrodili, valvulis granulo deftitutis,f. nudis.
aquaticus 6 R. foribus hermaphroditis, valvulis integerrimis
nudis, foliis cordatis glabris acutis. Syft. Nat.
255. Sp. pl. 479. (Pet. herb. t. 2. f. 1. Ger. Em.
389. f. 1.)
Great Water Dock. Anglis.
In ditches and by river-ſides. Sibbald. 24. VII.
This may be readily known from the other ſpecies
by the ſize of the leaves, which are a foot and a
half long, or more, of a lanceolate elliptic form,
cordated at the baſe.
The root in decoction or effence is eſteem'd an ex-
cellent antiſcorbutic, and pulveriz'd is reckond
a good dentifrice.
digynus 7. RUMEX Horibus hermaphroditis digynis. Sp. pl.
pl. 480. (Oed. Dan. t. 14. opt. Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t:
36. f. penultim. Pluk. t. 252. f. 2. Pet. herb. t. 3.
f. 4.)
Round-leav'd Mountain Sorrel. Anglis.
Sealbhag-nam-fiadh. Geulis.
Upon rocks by the ſides of rivulets, which run
down from the highland mountains, very fre-
quent: I obſerv'd it likewiſe in the iſlands of
Rum and Skye in the ſame kind of places.
The
a
a

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
191
The leaves are kidney-ſhap’d: the calyx has only
two leaves: the flower two petals, with fix fta-
mina, and two ſtyles : the germen compreſs’d.
*** Floribus declinis.
acetoſa 8. R. floribus dioicis, foliis oblongis fagittatis. Sp. pl.
481. (Ger. Em. 396. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t 28.
f. 1. ordinis ſuperioris.)
Common Sorrel. Anglis. Sealbhag. Gaulis.
In meadows and paſtures. 4. VI.
The leaves of the calyx in the male flowers are ob-
tuſe; in the female acuminated and reflex'd, and
wav'd on the margins.
The Laplanders boil a large quantity of the leaves
in water, and mix the juice, when cold, in the
milk of their rein-deers, which they eſteem an
agreeable and wholeſome food, and which will
keep in a cool place for a long while.
The leaves are an agreeable acid, and are reckon'd
a good antifcorbutic.
acetoſella 9. R. foribus dioicis, foliis lanceolato-haftatis. Sp.pl.
481. (Ger. Em. 397. f. 3. Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t. 28.
f. 11 & 12. Pet. herb. t. 3. f. 2 & 3.)
Sheep's-Sorrel. Anglis.
In dry paſtures frequent. 4. V-VII.
2
TRIGLOCHIN. Gen. pl. 453.
Cal. 3-phyllus. Petala 3-calyciformia. Stylus o.
Caps. baſi dehiſcens.
päluſtre 1. TRIGLOCHIN capſulis trilocularibus ſublineari-
bus.

192
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
bus. Sp. pl. 482. (Oed. Dan. t. 490. opt. Moris.
hift. S. 8. t. 2. f. 18.)
Arrow-headed Graſs. Anglis.
In wet meadows and by the fides of ditches. 2.
VIII.
Linnæus ſays that cattle are very fond of this and
the following ſpecies.
inaritimum T. capſulis fexlocularibus ovatis. Sp.pl: 483. (Oed
Dan. t. 306. opt.)
Sea-ſpiked Graſs. Anglis.
Upon the ſea-coaſts frequent. 4. VII.
2.
1.
COLCHICUM. Gen. pl. 457.
Spatha. Cor. 6-partita; tubo radicato. Caps. 3-con-
nexæ, inflatæ.
autumnale COLCHICUM foliis planis lanceolatis erectis. Sp:
pl. 485. (Ger. Em. 157. f. 1 & 2, Moris. hift. T.
4. t. 3. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 67. f. 2.)
Meadow Saffron. Anglis.
In low meadows, but not common. I obſerv'd it at
Alloa, about the ſeat of Mr. Erſkine. 4. IX.
The naked purple flowers appear in Autumn; the
leaves and feed veſſels do not ſucceed 'till the
following Spring
The root is a ſolid bulb, cover'd with a yellow ſkin;
on one ſide of it is a furrow, from which ariſes
the tube of the flower.
An oxymel, prepar'd from the roots, gathered in
the beginning of the Summer, and adminiſter'd
in the quantity of fix drachms to a boy, and an
ounce
a
a

HEXANDRIA POLYGYNÍA. 193
ounce and half to a man, by a drachm at à doſe;
three or four times a day, has, in ſeveral in-
ſtances, been found to cure the dropſy, but in
more has fail'd.
POL Y GYNI A.
ALISMA. Gen. Pl. 460.
Cal. 3-phyllus. Petala 3. Sem. plura.
3
plantago a- ALISMA foliis ovatis acutis, fructibus obtufe tria
quatica 1.
gonis. Sp. pl. 486. (Ger. Em. 417. f. 1.)
Great Water Plantain, Anglis.
On the banks of lakes frequent, as at Dudiſton-
Loch, &c. 4. VII. Dr. Perſons.
The leaves are large, ſmooth, oval and pointed :
the ſtalk erect and naked : the flowers white;
and ſmall in proportion to the plant, growing in
a large open panicle: the branches verticillate.
ranunculoi- A. foliis lineari-lanceolatis, fructibus globofo-ſquar-
roſis. Sp. pl. 487: (Oed. Dan. t. 122. opt. Ger
Em. 417. f. 3. Pet. herb. t. 43. f. 8.)
Leſſer Water Plantain.
In ditches and bogs, but not common. I obſerv'd
it in ditches and by the ſides of lochs in the
iſland of Iſa. 24. VII.
des 2.
CLASSES

194
HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
CLASS IS
VII.
H E P T A N D R I A
M ON OG Y NI A.
TRIENTALIS. Cal. 7-phyllus. Cor. 7-partita,
plana. Bacca i-locularis, ficca.
MONO GYNI A.
TRIENTALIS. Gen. pl. 461.
Cal. 7-phyllus. Cor. 7-partita, æqualis, plana.
Bacca exſucca.
europca 1. TRIENTALIS foliis lanceolatis integerrimis. Sp.
pl. 488. (Oed. Dan. 1. 84. opt. Bauh. Prod. 99.
Moris. hift. S. 12. t. 10. f. 6. ordinis inferioris.
Pet. herb. t. 62. f. 3.)
Chickweed Winter-Green. Anglis.
On the ſides of the highland mountains in mooriſh
ground, as on Ben-Lomond, about a mile of the
way up, &c. and in the Duke of Athoľs woods
at Blair abundantly, &c. 4. VI.
The ſtalk is ſingle, and about five inches high,
terminated with five, fix or ſeven oval pointed
leaves, from the centre of which ariſe on long
footſtalks commonly two white ſtarry fowers,
each conſiſting generally of ſeven oval and equal
a
petals,

HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ias
petals, ſucceeded by a globular dry berry, co-
ver'd with a thin white rind, having one cell;
containing ſeveral angular ſeeds.
6
2
CLASSIS

196
OCT ANDRI A.
CLASS IS
VIII.
OCT A N D R I A
MON OG Y NI A.
* Flores completi.
EPILOBIUM. Cor. 4-petala. Cal. 4-phyllus, ſu-
perus. Caps. 4-locularis. Sem. pappoſa!
CHLORA. Cor. 8-fida. Cal. 8-phyllus, inferus.
Caps. 1-locularis, 2-valvis, polyſperma.
VACCINIUM. Cor. 1-petala. Cal. 4. dentatus, ſu-
perus. Filament. receptaculi. Bacca.
ERICA. Cor. 1-petala. Cal. 4-phyllus, inferus.
Filam. receptaculi. Capſula.
Monotropa Hypopitbys.
** Flores incompleti.
DAPHNE. Cal. 4-fidus, corollinus, æqualis. Stam.
incluſa. Bacca pulpoſa.
DIG YN I A.
** Chlora perfoliata. Chryſoſplenium.
TRI G Y NI A.
POLYGONUM. Cor. o. Cal. 5-partitus. Sem. I.
nudum.
TE TRA G Y NI A.
ADOXA. Cor. 4-. 5-fida, ſupera. Cal. 2-phyllus.
Bacca 4-s. 5-ſperma.
PARIS.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
197
PARIS. Cor. 4-petala, ſubulata. Cal. 4-phyllus.
Bagca 4-locularis.
MON OG Y NI A.
um I.
EPILOBIUM, Gen. pl. 471.
Cal. 4-fidus. Petala 4. Caps oblonga, infera. Sem.
pappoſa.
** Staminibus declinatis.
anguſtifolia EPILOBIUM foliis fparfis lineari-lanceolatis, flo-
ribus inæqualibus. Sp. pl. 493. (Oed. Dan. t.
289. opt. Moris. hift. f. 3. t. 11. f. 1. ordinis ſu-
perioris ad dextrom. Ger. Em. 477. f. 7. Pet. herb.
t. 52. f. 10.)
Roſebay Willow-herb. Anglis.
In woods and on rocks by the ſides of mountains,
as in Coryton woods, and among the rocks to
the Eaſt of the Kirk of Shots, near Hamilton.
Dr. Parſons. And twenty miles Weſt of Sterling,
near Loch-Lutnaig, by the road from Tiendrum.
Mr. Stuart. 2. VII.
An infuſion of the leaves of this plant has an in-
toxicating quality, as the inhabitants of Camt-
ſchatſca have learnt, who likewiſe eat the white
young ſhoots, which creep under the ground,
and brew a ſort of ale from the dry'd pith of it.
The down of the feeds has lately been manufac-
tured by mixing it with cotton or beavers hair.
** Staminibus erectis regularibus, petalis bifidis.
birſutum 2. E. foliis oppoſitis lanceolatis ſerratis decurrenti am-
plex caulibus.
O 3

$98
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
plexicaulibus. Lin. Sp pl. 494. (Oed. Dan. t.
326. opt. Moris. hift. f. 3. t. 11 f. 3. Ger. Em.
476. f. 6. Pet. herb. t. 52.f. 11.)
Great hairy Willow-herb, or Codlings and Cream.
Anglis.
On the ſides of ditches, rivers and lakes. 4. VII.
B. There is a variety of this, according to Linnæus,
much ſmaller in all it's parts, with leaves a little
undulated on the edges, and the ſtalks not much
branched, which Hudſon, in his Flor. Angl. con-
fiders as a diſtinct ſpecies, and perhaps not un-
juſtly. See Pet. herb. t. 52. f. 12.
Small-fower'd hairy Willow-herb. Anglis.
By the ſides of lakes, &c. 4. VII.
a
frontanum 3 EPILOBIUM foliis oppoſitis ovatis dentatis. Sp.
pl. 494. (Ger. Em. 478. t. 11. Pet. herb. t. 53.
f. 1.)
Smooth-leav'd Willow-herb. Anglis.
By ditch-ſides and under hedges in a gravelly foil
frequent. . VII.
The leaves are ſharply ſerrated, and generally
ſmooth, except the nerves on the under fide,
which are ſlightly hairy : the flower is very
little
bigger than the calyx.
telragonum E. foliis lanceolatis denticulatis; imis oppoſitis,
4.
caule tetragono. Sp. pl. 494. (Fig. nulla credenda)
Narrow-leav'd Willow-herb. Anglis.
On the banks of ditches, &c. 4. VII.
The leaves are ſmooth and feffile, ſlightly indented
on

OF
HI

X
Opilobium
alpinum
Cerastium
latifolium.
.
P.242.
P. 199.
Moses Gripith, del.
P Mazell soul

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
199
on the edges, and ſometimes intire: from their
baſe run two prominent lines down the ſtalk, ſo
as to make it appear obtuſely tetragonal: the
flower is about the ſize of the calyx, and the
ſtigma not quadrifid, but intire.
paluftre 5. E. foliis oppoſitis lanceolatis integerrimis, petalis
emarginatis caule erecto. Sp. pl. 495. (Pet. herb.
t. 53. f. 4. & ejus ver. Ger. Em. 477. f. 8. &
Moris. hist. . 3. t. 11. f. 2. ordinis ſecundi.)
Marſh Willow-herb. Anglis.
Upon bogs and on the ſides of lakes. 4. VII.
The leaves are Nightly hairy, and generally intire
on the edges, but ſometimes have a few dents;
they commonly grow oppofite at the baſe of the
ftalk, but frequently alternate at the top: the
ſtalk is round, and the petals are but flightly
emarginated.
alpinum 6. EPILOBIUM foliis oppoſitis ovato-lanceolatis, in-
tegerrimis, filiquis fefiilibus, caule repente. Sp.
pl. 495. (Oed. Dan. t. 322. & fig. noft.)
Alpine Willow-herb. Anglis.
By the ſides of the rivulets which run down the
highland mountains in many places, as on Ben-
Lomond, about two-thirds of the way up, on
the mountains near Little-Loch-Broam, in Ross-
shire, in ſandy places, and on ſeveral others. 4.
VI. VII.
The ſtalk is about three or four inches high, re-
clining at the baſe, and even creeping at firſt,
3
but

200
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
but afterwards growing erect, and learing only
one or two flowers at the top : the leaves and
filiquæ are quite ſmooth; the latter four or five
times longer than the former.
CHLORA. Mantiſs. Gen. pl. Lin. 1258.
Cal. 8-phyllus. Cor. 1-petala, 8-fida. Caps. 1-10-
cularis, 2-valvis, polyſperma.
perfoliata i CHLORA foliis perfoliatis. Lin. Syft. Nat. 267.
Gentiana perfoliata. Sp. pl. 335. Blackſtonia
Hudſ. Fl. Ang. 146. (Ger. Em. 547 f. 2. Moris.
biſt. S. 5. t. 26. f. 1 & 2. ordinis fuperioris ad
ſiniſtram, ſed vitioſè quoniam petal. Segm. 5. tun-
tùm. Barrel icon. 515 & 516 melior. Pet. berb.
t. 55. f. 8.)
Yellow perfoliate Centory. Angliş.
In mountainous paſtures, but not common. 0.
VII.
The leaves of this elegant plant are of a blueiſh
green, or glaucous color, which makes a beau-
tiful contraſt with its bright yellow ſtarry flowers.
It has two ftigmas and no ſtyle.
VACCINIUM. Gen. pl. 483.
Cal. ſuperus. Cor. 1-petala. Filamenta receptaculo,
inſerta. Bacça 4-locularis polyfperma.
* Foliis annotinis ſeu deciduis.
myrtillus 1. VACCINIUM pedunculis uniflcris, foliis ferratis
ovatis deciduis, caule angulato. Sp. pl. 498. (Ger.
Em. I4I5. f. I.)
Black-

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
201
a
Black-Whorts, Whortle-Berries, or Billberries.
Anglis.
Lus-nan-dearç. Gaulis.
In woods and on heaths abundantly. h. V.
The flowers frequently vary with five ſegments at
the rim, and with ten ſtamina.
The berries when ripe are of a blueiſh black color,
but a ſingular variety, with white berries, was
diſcovered by his Grace the Duke of Athol,
growing in the woods about the mid-way be-
tween his two feats of Dunkeld and Blair.
The berries have an aſtringent quality. In Arron
and the Weſtern iſes they are given in diarrhæas
and dyſenteries with good effect.
The Highlanders frequently eat them in milk, which
is a cooling agreeable food, and ſometimes they
make them into tarts and jellies, which laſt they
mix with Whiſkey to give it a reliſh to ſtrangers.
They dye a violet color, but it requires to be fix'd
with alum. The grous feed upon them in the
Autumn.
a
2.
uliginoſum VACCINIUM pedunculis unifloris, foliis integer-
rimis ovalibus obtuſis lævibus. Syft. Nat. 267.
Sp. pl. 499. (Qed. Dan. t. 231. opt. Ger. Em.
1416. f. 6.)
The great Billberry-Buſh. Anglis.
Dearca roide. Gaulis
It is found in low moiſt grounds, and alınoſt at
the ſummits of the highland mountains, as up-
on Creg-Chailleach in Breodalbane, upon the
higher

202
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
higher hills about Loch-Rannoch in Athol, upon
the mountains of Roſs-ſhire, about Loch-Broom,
and Inverneſs-fuire about Loch-Urn, &c. and in
the low boggy grounds of the iſland of Mull,
and near the Duke of Argyle’s, at Inverary, &c.
h. V.
The leaves are full of veins, fimooth and glaucous,
eſpecially on the under ſide: the berries are eat-
able, but not ſo much eſteem'd as the preceding,
as they are apt, if eaten in any quantity, to give
the head-ach.
** Foliis ſempervirentibus.
vitis idæa 3 VACCINIUM racemis terminalibus nutantibus,
foliis obovatis revolutis integerrimis fubtus punc-
tatis. Sp. pl. 500. (Oed. Dan. t. 40. opt. Ger.
Lan. 146. f. 2.)
Red Whortle-Berries. Anglis.
Lus-nam-braoileag. Gaulis.
In dry places in heaths, woods, and on mountains,
very frequent. h. V.
The berries have an acid cooling quality, uſeful
to quench the thirſt in fevers, The Swedes are
very fond of them made into the form of a rob
or jelly, which they eat with their meat as an
agreeable acid, proper to correct the animal al-
cali.
a
s.xycoccos 4
V. foliis integerrimis revolutis ovatis, caulibus re-
pentibus filiformibus nudis. Sp. pl. 500. (Oed.
Dan. t. 80. opt. Ger. Em. 419.)
Cran-berries,

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
203
Cran-berries, Mofs-berries, or Moor-berries. Anglis.
Mùileag. Gaulis.
On peat-bogs in the lowlands frequent, but not ſo
common in the highlands. h. VI.
The ſtalks are long, ſender, woody, weak and
trailing : the leaves are ſtiff, acutely oval, glou-
cous underneath, their edges turn'd back, and
grow alternate : two or three flowers grow ſingly
on long red footſtalks out of the extremity of
the branches : the flowers are red, divided deeply
into four acute ſegments, which are reflex'd
quite backwards: the filaments are downy, the
antheræ ferrugineous, and longer than the fila-
nients: the berries red, and about the ſize of
the hawthora berries.
At Longtown, on the borders of Cumberland, they
are made fo conſiderable an article of commerce,
that at the ſeaſon when they are ripe, not leſs
than 20 or 30 pounds worth are ſold by the poor
people each market day for five or fix weeks to-
gether, which are afterwards diſpers’d over dif-
ferent parts of the kingdom, for making the
well-known cranberry-tarts.
ERICA. Gen. pl. 484.
Cal. 4-phyllus. Cor. 4-fida. Filamenta receptaculo
inſerta. Antheræ bifidæ. Caps. 4-locularis.
vulgaris 1. ERICA antheris bicornibus incluſis, corollis inæ-
qualibus campanulatis mediocribus, foliis oppo-
ſitis ſagittatis. Sp.pl. 501. (Ger. Em. 1380. f. 1.)
Common Heath, or Ling. Anglis. Hather. Scotis.
Fraoch.

204
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Fraoch. Gaulis.
In barren uncultivated ſoils and woods abundantly,
h. VI-VIII.
The leaves are tetragonal, and grow in four imbri-
cated ſeries; the uppermoſt have angles at the
baſe like the barbs of an arrow: the lowers
grow in a thick ſpike on one ſide of the ſtalk,
each ſubtended by a ſmall bractea: the calyx re-
mains after the flower fades, and cloſes over the
capſule for its ſecurity.
It varies ſometimes with hoary leaves.
a
cinerea 2,
E. antheris bicornibus incluſis, corollis ovatis race-
mofis, foliis ternis glabris linearibus. Sp. pl. 501.
(Oed. Dan. t. 38. opt. Ger. Em. 1382. f. 7.)
Fine-leav'd Heath. Anglis. Hather. Scotis.
Fraoch. Gaulis.
In unçultivated ſoils and woods the moſt common
of all plants. h. VII-VIII.
Heath or Hather is apply'd to many economical
purpoſes amongſt the Highlanders : they fre-
quently cover their houſes with it inſtead of
thatch, or elſe twiſt it into ropes, and bind down
the thatch with them in a kind of lattice-work:
in moſt of the Weſtern iſes they dye their yarn
of a yellow color, by boiling it in water with
the green tops and flowers of this plant : in Rum,
Skye, and the Long-Iſand, they frequently tan
their leather in a ſtrong decoction of it: for-
merly the young tops are ſaid to have been uſed
alone to brew a kind of ale, and even now I was
inform'd
a

OCTANDRÍA MONOGYNIA. 205
inform'd that the inhabitants of Iſa and Jura
ſtill continue to brew a very potable liquor by
mixing two-thirds of the tops of hather to one-
third of malt. This is not the only refreſhment
that hather affords: the hardy Highlanders fre-
quently make their beds with it, laying the roots
downwards, and the tops upwards ; which, tho'
not quite ſo ſoft and luxurious as beds of down,
are altogether as refreſhing to thoſe who ſleep
on them, and perhaps much more healthy.
tetralix ž. ERICA antheris bicornibus incluſis, corollis ſub-
globoſis aggregatis folio longioribus, foliis qua-
ternis ciliatis patentibus. Syft. Nat. 269. Sp. pl.
502. (Oed. Dan. t. 81. Ger. Em. 1381. f. 4.)
Croſs-leav'd Heath. Anglis.
In mooriſh grounds very frequent. h. VII. VIII.
DAPHNE. Gen. pl. 485.
Cal. o. Cor. 4-fida, corollacea, marceſcens, ſtamina
includens. Bacca i-ſperma.
laureola 1. DAPHNE racemis axillaribus quinquefloris foliis
lanceolatis glabris. Syft. Nat. 272. Sp. pl. 510.
(Ger. Em. 1404.)
Spurge Laurel. Anglis.
Upon the banks of the river at Roſlin. Dr. Parſons.
h. III, IV,
The whole plant is flexible: the leaves evergreen,
and crouded at the ſummits of the branches: the
Aowers are greeniſh : the antheræ yellow: the
berries black when ripe.
It

206
OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
It is extremely acrid and cauſtic, and therefore
rarely uſed in the preſent practices
TRIG Y NI A.
POLYGONUM. Gen. pl. 495.
Cal. o. Cor. 5-partita, calycina. Sem. i; angu-
Onlatum. ipsos
* Biſtortæ fpica unica:
biſtorta 1. POLYGONUM caule fimpliciſſimo monoſtachyo,
foliis ovatis in petiolum decurrentibus. Sp. pl.
516. (Oed. Dan. t. 421. Miller. icon. 66. Ger.
( Em. 399. f. 1.)
The greater Biſtort, or Snakeweed. Anglis.
In moiſt meadows, but not common. I obſerv'd
it about Inverary. 4. VII.
The root has an acid auſtere taſte, and is a power-
ful aſtringent: the leaves are by ſome boild in
the Spring, and eaten as greens.
viviparum POLYGONUM caule fimpliciflimo monoftachyo,
foliis lanceolatis. Sp. pl. 516. (Oed. Dan. t. 13.
opt. Ger. Em. 399. f. 2. Plukenet. t. 151. f. 2.)
Small Biſtort, or Snakeweed. Anglis.
In dry ſtony paſtures by the ſides of mountains
not unfrequent, as about the paſs of Killicranky,
near Blair, on the ſides of the mountains about
Loch Rannoch in Perthſhire, Loch-Urn in Inver-
neſs-ſhire, &c. and on Ben-huardal, in Strath, in
the iſle of Skye. 2. VI.
The lowermoſt flowers of the ſpike generally put
on
2.

OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
2017
on the appearance of little red bulbs, which
ſometimes germinate upon the ſtalk.
The inhabitants of Camtſchatca, and ſometimes the
Norwegians, when preſs’d with hunger, feed up-
on the roots of this plant.
** Perſicaria pifiillo bifido, aut ſtamina minus 8.
amphibium P. Aoribus pentandris femidigynis, ſpica ovata.
3.
Syft. Nat. 275. Sp. pl. 517. (Oed Dan. t. 282.
opt. Moris. hift. S. 5. t. 29. f. 2. ordinis ſuperioris
ad dextram. Pet. herb. t. 3. f. 12.)
Perennial Arſmart. Anglis.
In ponds, lakes, and wet ground. 2. VII.
When it grows in the water the ſtamina are ſhorter
than the flower, when upon land longer than
the flower, with two diſtinct ſtyles.
perſicaria 4 P. floribus hexandris, digynis ; fpicis ovato ob-
longis, foliis lanceolatis, ftipulis ciliatis. Sp.pl.
518. (Ger. Em. 445. f. 2. Moris. hift. . 5. t. 29.
f. 2. ordinis ſecundi. Pet. herb. t. 3. f. 7.)
Dead or Spotted Arſmart. Anglis.
In moiſt ground and waſte places frequent. o.
VIII.
The nerves of the leaves on the under fide are
hairy. A decoction of the plant with alum
dyes a yellow color.
hydropiper POLYGONUM foribus hexandris femidigynis,
5.
foliis lanceolatis, ftipulis ſubmuticis. Sp. pl. 517.
(Ger. Em. 445. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t. t. 29. f.
6. Pet, herb. t. 3. f. 5.)
Water

208
OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
Water Pepper or Arſmart. Anglis.
By the ſides of ditches and lakes. Dr. Parſons &
Sibbald. O. VIII.
The leaves are quite ſmooth, without ſpots, acrid
and biting to the taſte: the ſpikes flender and
nodding: the flowers feffile and thinly ſet.
It is a diuretic, but ſeldom uſed. A decoction of
it dyes a yellow color:
*** Polygona foliis indiviſis, floribus ołtandris.
Aviculare 6 P. floribus octandris trigynis axillaribus, foliis lan-
ceolatis, caule procumbente herbaceo. Sp.pl. 519;
(Ger. Em. 561.f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 10. f. 1.)
Knot-Graſs. Anglis.
By way-ſides common. O. VI. IX.
The ſmall birds are extremely fond of the ſeeds of
this plant.
It varies much in the ſhape of the leaves, they are
generally lanceolate, but frequently oval, and
ſometimes almoſt round.
Upon the ſandy ſhores on the Weſtern coaſt of
Cantire I obſerv'd a ſingular variety, with very
large oval and thick leaves, approaching nearly
to the P, maritimum, but was not perennial.
**** HELXINE foliis fubcordetis.
convolvulis POLYGONUM foliis cordatis, caule volubili an-
7.
gulato, floribus obtuſatis. Syft. Nat. 276. Sp.
pl. 522. (Ger. Em. 863. f. 5. Moris. hift. S. 5.t.
29. f. 2. ordinis ſuperioris ad ſiniſtram, Pet, herb.
t. 2. f. 12.)
Black
700

OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
209
Black Bindweed. Anglis.
In corn-fields and near the ſea-coaſts frequent, o.
VII. VIII.
TE TRA G Y NI A.
1
PARIS. Gen. pl. 500.
Cal. 4-phyllus. Petald 4, anguſtiora, Bacca 4-10-
cularis.
quadrifolia PARIS. Sp. pl. 526. (Oed. Dan. t. 139. opt. Ger.
Em. 405. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 44. f. 8)
Herb Paris, True-love, or One-berry. Anglis.
In a wood about a mile to the South of Newbottle,
near Dalkeith. Dr. Parſons. And in the Den
of Bethaick, four miles from Perth. 4. V.
It is readily known by having four oval, feſfile
leaves, growing verticillate at the top of the
ſtalk, with a ſingle greenith flower in the centre
of them, ſucceeded by a black berry.
na I.
ADOXA Gen. pl. 501.
Cal. bifidus, inferus. Cor. 4-5. 5-fida, ſupera,
Bacca 4-s. 5-locularis, calyce coalita,
moſchatelli- ADOXA. Sp. pl. 527. (Oed. Dan. t. 94. opt. Moris.
hift. S. 4. t. 28. f. 14. Ger. Em. 1091. f. 10.)
Tuberous Moſchatel. Anglis.
In woods and ſhady places in a looſe foil, but not
very conimon : in the Hermitage. Dr. Parſons.
Mr. Stuart found it near the top of Creg-Chail-
lech, a hill lying between Killin and Glen-Lyon,
in Breadalbane. 24. V.
P
The
a

210
OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
.
The root is filiform and ſcaly : the ſtalk ſingle, an-
gular, and four or five inches high : the radical
leaves are about four in number, branched into
doubly ternate diviſions: the foliola ſmooth and
divided generally into three lobes; their foot-
ſtalks channeld: two ſimply ternate leaves grow
oppoſite to each other above the middle of the
ſtalk : the peduncle is quadrangular, naked,
and terminates the ſtalk, on the ſummit of which
grows a cubical cluſter of five green flowers,
with yellow antheræ; the uppermoſt of which
flowers is quadrifid, the lateral ones quinquefid:
the berries are green, the calyx and corolla re-
maining on them.
CLASSIS

Ε Ν Ν Ε Α Ν DRI A.
211
CLASS I S IX.
E N N E A N DR I A
H E XA G Y NI A.
BUTOMUS. Cal. o Cor. 6-petala. Caps. 6; po-
lyfperma.
HEXAGYNI A.
BUTOMUS. Gen. Pl. 507.
Cal. o. Petala 6. Caps. 6, polyfpermæ.
umbellatusi BUTOMUS. Sp. pl. 532. (Moris. hiſt. f. 12. t. 5.
f. penult. Ger. Em. 29. f. 2.)
Flowering-Ruſh, or Water-Gladiole. Anglis.
In ditches and ponds, but not common. 2. VII.
The leaves are radical, triangular, and ſword-
ſhap'd : the ſtalk erect, round, naked, and five
feet high, terminated with an umbel of red
flowers, each conſiſting of fix oval petals.
P2
CLASSIS

212
DE CAN DRI A.
CL ASSIS X.
D E C A N D RIA
M O N O G Y N I A.
* Flores polypetali equales.
MONOTROPA. Cal. corollinus, baſi gibbus.
Ceps. 5-locularis, polyſperma.
PYROLA. Antheræ furſum bicornes. Caps. 5-lo-
cularis, polyſperma.
* Gerania.
** Flores monopetali æquales.
ANDROMEDA. Cor. campanulata, rotundata.
Caps. 5-locularis.
ARBUTUS. Cor. ovata, baſi diaphana. Bacca 5-
locularis.
* Vaccinia nonulla.
DIGYNI A.
SCLERANTHUS. Cor. nulla. Cal. 5-fidus, ſu-
perus. Sem. 2.
CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Cor. nulla. Cal. ſuperus.
Caps. 2-locularis, 2-roſtris.
SAXIFRAGA. Cor. 5-petala. Cal. 5-partitus.
Caps. 1-locularis, 2-roſtris.
DIANTHUS. Cor. 5-petala. Cal. tubuloſus, baſi
ſquamoſus. Caps. 1-locular. oblonga.
TRIGYNIA.

DE CANDRI A.
213
TRIGYNI A.
ARENARIA. Caps. l-locularis. Petala integra
patentia.
STELLARIA. Caps. 1-locularis. Pet. bipartita,
patentia,
CUCUBALUS. Caps. 3-locularis. Pet. bifida,
fauce nuda.
SILENE. Caps. 3-locularis. Pet. bifida fauce co-
ronata.
CHERLERIA. Caps. 3-locularis. Neetar. peta-
loidea calyce minora.
Ρ Ε Ν Τ Α GY NI Α.
COTYLEDON. Caps. 5 ad nectaria. Cor. 1-pe-
tala.
SEDUM. Caps. 5 ad nectaria. Cor. 1-petala.
SPERGULA. Caps. i-locularis. Petela integra.
Cal. 5-phyllus.
CERASTIUM. Caps. 1-locularis. Petala bifida.
Cal. 5-phyllus.
AGROSTEMMA. Caps. 1-locularis, oblonga.
Cal. tubulous, coriaceus.
LYCHNIS. Caps. 3-locularis, oblonga. Cal. tu-
buloſus, membranaceus.
OXALIS. Caps. 5 locularis, angulata. Cor. baſi
ſubcohærens.
* Adoxa,
Gerania.
P 3
MONOGYNIA.

214
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Μ Ο Ν Ο G Υ Ν Ι Α,
1.
MONOTROPA. Gen. Pl. 536.
Cal. o. Petala 10, horum 5 exteriora baſi excavato-
mellifera. Caps. 5-valvis. Quinta pars numeri qui-
bufdam excluditur.
bypopithys MONOTROPA foribus lateralibus octandris, ter-
minali decandro. Sp. pl. 555. (Oed. Dan. t. 232.
opt. Moris. hift. S. 12. t. 16. f. 13. ordinis inferioris.
Plukenet. t. 209. f. 5.)
Primroſe-ſcented Hypopithys. Anglis.
In beach and fir-woods, where the ground is dry,
and bare underneath, but not common. 4. VII.
The radical fibres adhere to the roots of the trees
under which it grows: the ſtalk is about five
inches high, having no other leaves than oval
ſcales, and terminated with a nodding ſpike of
flowers, which in the ſeeding ſtate becomes
erect: the whole plant is of a pale yellow color,
ſmelling like the primroſe, or like beans in
bloſſom.
a
ANDROMEDA. Gen. pl. 549.
Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. ovata, ore 5-fido. Ceps. 5-10-
cularis.
palifolia 1. ANDROMEDA pedunculis aggregatis, corollis
ovatis, foliis alternis lanceolatis revolutis. Sp.
pl. 564. (Oed. Dan. t. 54. opt. Flor. Lappon. t.
1. f. 2. Plukenet. t. 175. f. 1.)
Marſh Andromeda, or Marſh Roſemary. Anglis.
In

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
215
In peat-bogs in the Lowlands not unfrequent, and
abundantly upon Solway-Moſs, on the borders
of the two kingdoms. h. V. & IX.
This elegant little ſhrub is about fix or eight inches
high, erect and branched : the leaves are ſeſſile,
elliptical, rigid, their edges turn'd back, green
on the upper fide, glaucous underneath : the
peduncles are of a bright red color, and ariſe
from the ſummits of the branches, each fup-
porting one ſingle oval power, of a pink color,
with a red calyx.
alpina 1.
ARBUTUS. Gen. pl. 552.
Cal. 5-partitus, Cor. ovata, ore baſi pellucida.
Bacca 5-locularis.
ARBUTUS caulibus procumbentibus, foliis ru-
goſis ferratis. Sp. pl. 566. (Oed. Dan. t. 73. Ger.
Em. 1416. f. 4. & fig. noſtra.)
Alpine Arbutus. Anglis.
Upon many of the highland mountains in dry bar-
ren places, particularly on thoſe to the South of
Littie Loch Broom, in Roſs-ſhire, and thoſe in the
way between Loch-Broom and Loch-Mari abun-
dantly, &c. I found it likewiſe upon a moun-
tain callid Ben-na-grion, in Strath, in the iſle of
Skye, two miles above M'Kennon's Caſtle. h. V.
The branches of this thrub trail flat upon the
ground, two or three feet round the root, having
a brown deciduous bark: the leaves grow al-
ternate, of a long oval form, gradually dimi-
niſhing towards the baſe into a footſtalk; they
are

216
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
are wrinkled on the upper ſide thro’ the depreſ-
fion of the veins, and reticulated underneath by
their prominency; their edges are ſlightly ſer-
rated, and their foot talks have a few ftraggling
hairs: the flowers grow in reflexed cluſters at
the ſummits of the branches, each ſtanding fin-,
gle upon ſhort peduncles: they are of an oval-
conical form, and white color, the rim divided
into five ſhort, obtuſe, reflexed ſegments : the
berries are globular, ſmooth, with a depreſs’d
umbilicus, black when ripe, and of the ſize of
a floe, having five cells containing five feeds,
their taſte ſomething reſembling that of black
currants,
uva urſi 2: ARBUTUS caulibus procumbentibus, foliis inte-
gerrimis. Sp. pl. 566. (Oed. Dan. t. 33. Ger. Em.
1416. f. 5. Flor. Lapp. t. 6. f. 3. & fig not.)
Bear-herries, Bear-whortle-berries. Anglis.
Brasileaga-nan-con. Gaulis.
Upon dry, heathy, mountainous and rocky places,
throughout the Highlands and Weſtern Iſles: it is
ſo common a plant that it is almoſt needleſs to
ſpecify places. It abounds however at Dunkeld
and Blair, the ſeats of the Duke of Athol, in
Perthſhire.
To remove miſtakes I muſt here obſerve, that this
is the plant mentioned in Ray's Synopſis, p. 458,
as found by Mr. Llwyd, growing plentifully for
ſome miles together in that end of the iſland of
Mull next to y-Columb-kill; and not the AR-
BUTUS

Moses Griffiths
XI
Arbutus Uva urs P. 016
d
7
a
Arbutus alpina.P.245.
det.
P. Mazell seuih.

AND
ON

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
217
BUTUS alpina, as I found by ſearching the
identical ſpot where the firſt grows in the greateſt
plenty, but not a ſingle plant of the latter is to
be ſeen. h. V.
The branches of this ſhrub trail upon the ground
two or three feet round the root, or more: the
leaves grow alternate, are bluntly oval, intire
on the edges, finely reticulated underneath, firm
and evergreen: the flowers grow at the extremi-
ties of the branches in ſmall cluſters, each ſup-
ported by a ſhort red footítalk : they are of an
oval-conical figure, fleſh-color'd, and divided
into five obtuſe, reflex'd ſegments at the rim :
the berries are round, with a depreſs’d umbilicus,
ſmooth and glofly, red when ripe, and of the
fize of a holly-berry, replete with an auſtere
mealy pulp, in which are five cells, containing
five angular ſeeds. It may readily be diſtin-
guiſhed from the VACCINIUM vitis idea by
it's trailing branches, and leaves not dotted, but
reticulated underneath.
It is found in England as well as Scotland. I ſaw
great abundance of it growing at the top of a
wood calld Eaſt-Common Wood, belonging to
the Duke of Portland, about a mile from Hex-
ham, in Northumberland.
The powder of the leaves taken ſix or eight morn-
ings in the quantity of half a drachm was not
long ſince a celebrated medicine for the ſtone
and gravel, but it is at preſent out of repute.
The whole plant is however found to be very fer-
viceable,
a

218
DECANDRIA MONOGYFIA.
viceable, by means of it's aftringent quality, in
tanning of leather : and the berries are a food
for grous and other game,
PYROLA, Gen. Pl. 554.
Col. 5-partitus. Petala 5, Caps. 5-locularis, an-
gulis dehiſcens.
rotundifolia PYROLA ftaminibus aſcendentibus, piſtillo de-
clinato. Sp. pl. 567. (Oed. Dan. t. 110. opt.
Moris. hiſt. S. 12. 6. 10. f. I. ordinis ſecundi. Ger
Em. 48. f. 1.)
Comunon Winter-green. Anglis.
In dry woods not unfrequent, and ſometimes upan
heaths. In the woods at Auchendenny, and on
the banks of the Clyde, between the celebrated
falls of Corus-Lyn, and Bonnatyne, near Lanerk,
and in the woods at Blair, in Athol, &c. and up-
on the heaths above Dunkeld, amongſt the ARB.
uva urfi. &c. 24. VII.
minor 2,
3
PYROLA Aoribus racemofis diſperſis, ftaminibus
piſtilliſq; rectis. Sp. pl. 567. (Oed. Dan. t. 55,
opt.)
Leiler Winter-green. Anglis.
In ſhady birch woods among the moſs. I obſerv'd
it in the iſle of Skye, in a wood on the ſide of
Ben-ng-Grion, near M'Kennon's Caſtle. in Strath,
and in a wood callid Ca-bueh, facing the houſe
of Mr. M'Kenzie, of Dundonald, near Little-
Loch-Broom, in Roſs-ſhire, and in the woods
about Loch-Rannoch, in Perthſhire, &c. 4. VII.
It

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
219
It is extremely like the preceding, but may readily
be diſtinguiſhed by the ſtamina and ſtyle grow-
ing erect. The ſtalk is triangular in both ſpecies.
fecunda 3. P. racemo unilaterali. Sp. pl. 56-. (Oed. Dan. t.
402. opt. Moris. hiſt. ſ. 12. t. 10. f. 4. ordinis
inferioris. Ger. Em. 408. f. 2.)
Dented-leav'd Winter-Green, Anglis.
In ſhady birch woods among the moſs with the pre-
ceding, near Little-Loch-Broom, in Roſs-fire,
and about Loch-Mari, in the ſame county, and
in the birch-woods of Troſchraig, Craig-loiſgt,
and Coille-mbor, about Loch-Rannoch, in Perth-
foire, where all three ſpecies are found. 2. VII.
The leaves are elliptical, acute and ferrated: the
flowers grow all on one ſide of the ſtalk: the an-
theræ ſtand out beyond the rim of the corolla,
and the ſtigma beyond the antheræ.
All the pyrolæ are aſtringent and vulnerary, but
are rarely uſed in the preſent practice.
DI G Y N 1 A.
CHRYSOŚPLENIUM. Gen. pl. 558.
Cal. 4-5. 5-fidus, coloratus. Cor. o. Capş. 2-roſtris,
I-locularis, polyſperma.
alternifoli- CHRYSOSPLENIUM foliis alternis. Sp. pl. 569.
(Qed. Dan. t. 366. opt. Moris. hiſt. S. 12. t. 8. f.
8. Pet. berb. t. 6. f. 10.)
Alternate-leav'd Golden Saxifrage. Anglis.
By the ſides of fountains and rivulets, but not
common
uni 1,
.

220
DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
common. I obſerv'd it at the foot of ſome high
moiſt rocks in the Duke of Argyle's park at
Rofenath, growing with the C. oppofitifolium,
and Dr. Parſons found it by the ditches in the
woods at Meavis-Bank, near Dalkeith. 2. IV.V.
The firſt or primary flower is quinquefid, and has
10 ftamina; the others are quadrifid, and have
only eight. vid. Philofoph. Botan. p. 123. n. 178.
The ſtalk is pellucid, ſucculent, and branched to-
wards the top: the leaves kidney ſhap'd, ere-
nated, thinly hairy, and grow alternate on long
footſtalks : the branches are dichotomous: the
flowers grow in a flat feffile umbel, yellow and
ſhining: the feeds are black when ripe.
oppofitifoli- CHRYSOSPLENIUM foliis oppoſitis. Sp.pl. 569.
(Oed. Dan. t. 365. opt. Moris. hiſt. S. 12. t. 8. f.
7. Ger. Em. 841. f. 2. Pet. herb. t. 6. f. 9.)
7
Common Golden Saxifrage. Anglis.
By the ſides of fountains and rivulets in ſhady
places frequent. 7. IV. V.
It is extremely like the preceding, but the leaves
grow oppoſite, and are ſmaller.
111 2.
SAXIFRAGA. Gen. Pl. 559.
Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. 5-petala. Caps. 2-roſtris, 1-
locularis, polyſperma.
* Foliis indivifis, canle ſubnudo.
Siellaris 1. SAXIFRAGA foliis ferratis, caule nudo ramoſo,
petalis acuminatis. Sp. pl. 572. (Oed. Dan. t. 23.
opt. Scopoli Flor. Curniol. t. 13. n. 492. bona.
Moris.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
227
Moris. hift. S. 12. t. 9. f. 13. Pluknet. t. 58. f. 2.
& t. 222. f. 4.)
Starry Saxifrage, or Hairy Kidney wort. Anglis.
Upon the ſides of rivulets, and upon moiſt rocks
near the ſummits of the highland mountains,
very common. It grows upon Ben-Lomond, from
about half way up quite to the ſummit; and
the ſame very nearly of moſt other high moun-
tains. 24. VII.
The leaves are elliptical, or bluntly oval, intire at
the lower part of their edges, but have gene-
rally five or ſeven dents about their extremities.
They grow in tufts, and are commonly hairy ;
from the centre of each tuft ariſes one naked
ſtalk, branched towards the top: the ſegments
of the calyx are reflex'd: the petals white, and
acute, with two yellow ſpots at their baſe: the
antheræ are red: the germen fleſh-color’d.
nivalis 2: SAXIFRAGA foliis obovatis crenatis ſubſeſſilibus,
caule nudo, floribus congeſtis. Sp. pl. 573. (Oed.
Dan. t. 28. Raj. Syn. p. 358. t. 16. f. 1. magna.
vid. fig. noft.)
Cluſter flower'd Alpine Saxifrage. Anglis.
Upon the ſummits of the highland mountains, but
Upon the Eaſt ſide of Craig-
chailleach, above Finlairg, in Breadalbane. Mr.
Stuart. 24. VI. VII,
The leaves are red underneath, and at their tips:
the ſtalk is about three inches, red and hairy,
ſometimes a little branch’d, ſometimes not at
not common
all :

222
DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
lio 3
.
all : the flowers grow in cluſters, ſmall, of a
white or pale red color, with red piſtils.
** Foliis indivifs, caule folioſo.
oppoſitifo- S. foliis caulinis ovatis oppofitis fubimbricatis :
ſummis ciliatis. sp. pl. 575. (Oed. Dan. t. 34.
Moris. bift. S. 12. t. 10. f. 36. Flor. Lappon. t.
2. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 61. f. 9.)
Mountain heath-like Saxifrage. Anglis.
Upon the rocks of the highland mountains fre-
quent, as upon Ben-Lomond, &c. &c. and upon
the mountains in the iſlands of Rum and Skye.
2. V.
The ſtalks are numerous, weak, and filiforme,
trailing upon and hanging over the edges of the
rocks: the leaves are oval, ſtiff, and ciliated,
growing oppoſite to each other, feffile, and im-
bricated quadrangularly : the ſtalks are termi-
nated each with a ſingle ſeſſile flower, of a bright
purple color, turning blue as it goes off; having
a ciliated calyx. It makes an elegant appear-
ance when in flower:
autumnalis S. foliis caulinis linearibus alternis ciliatis, radica-
4.
libus aggregatis. Sp. pl. 575. (Oed. Dan. t. 72.
opt. Scopol. Flot. Carniol. t. 14. n. 493. bona.
Moris. hiſt. ſ. 12. t. 6. f. 3. ordinis ſecundi ad dex-
tram. Pet. herb. f. 61. f. 10. Ger. Em. 516. f. 2.)
Yellow Autumnal Saxifrage. Anglis.
Upon moiſt rocks, and by the ſides of rills amongſt
the highland mountains abundantly. It fre-
quently

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
223
quently grows by road-ſides, even at the foot
of them, as at the paſs of Killicr anky, near
Blair, &c. 4. VII. VIII.
The root throws out ſeveral trailing ſurculi : the
ſtalks are ſix or eight inches high, reclining at
the baſe: the leaves are of a narrow elliptical
form, acute, feffile, alternate, and generally a
little ciliated on the edges, though ſometimes
ſmooth: the flowers grow at the top of the ſtalk,
one or two upon a peduncle, in number from
four to ten, or a dozen : the petals are elliptical,
yellow, generally dotted with ſaffron-colord
ſpots, and grow expanded and plane: the ſeg-
ments of the calyx are of the ſame length as the
petals, and grow open and flat.
That this is the ſame plant which Linnæus calls
Saxifraga aizoides, growing in Sweden and Lap-
land, there can be no doubt, from the deſcrip-
tions and figures of authors : we chuſe therefore,
with Jacquin and Haller, to conſider them both
as one ſpecies, and adopt the trivial name of
autumnalis as well ſuited to both. The plant
growing upon Knotsford moor, in Cheſhire, men
tioned by Ray and Hudſon, and ſuppoſed by the
latter to be the S. autumnalis, of Linnæus, we
have ſeen, and found to be the S. birculus of
that author, figur’d in Oed. Dan. t. 200. & Hall.
Stirp. Helvet. vol. I. p. 140. t. 11.
*** Foliis lobatis, caule erecto.
granulate 5 SAXIFRAGA foliis caulinis reniformibus lobatis,
caule

224
DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
caule ramofo, radice granulata. Sp. pl. 576.
(Oed. Dan. t. 514, Moris. hiſt. S. 12. t. 9. f. 23.
Ger. Em. 841. f. 1.)
White Saxifrage. Anglis.
About Saliſbury-Craigs, and the hills in the King's
Park. Dr. Parſons. And plentifully upon the
banks of the Clyde, at Corus-Lyn, near Lanerk,
&c. 21. V.
The root conſiſts of a cluſter of tubercles, inter-
mix'd with fibres: the leaves are a little hairy,
the radical ones ſtanding on long footſtalks: the
ſtalk is a foot or eighteen inches high : the pe-
duncles and calyx are a little hairy and viſcid :
the petals are large, bluntly oval, white, and
finely ſtreak'd with green veins.
tridaetylites SAXIFRAGA foliis caulinis cunciformibus trifidis
6.
alternis, caule erecto ramoſo. Sp. pl. 578. (Moris.
hift. S. 12. t. 9. f. 31. opt. Ger. Em. 624. f. 2.
Pet, herb. t. 61. f. 8.)
Rue-leav'd Whitlow-graſs, or Saxifrage. Anglis.
Upon rocks and walls, but rare. Sibbald. o. IV.
The ftalk grows from one to four inches high,
erect, branched, red and viſcous: the radical
leaves have long footſtalks ; thoſe on the ſtalk
are nearly ſeſſile: the peduncles ariſe from the
alæ of the leaves, generally bearing one flower,
ſmall and white.
**** Foliis lobatis, caulibus procumbentibus.
hypnoides 7 S. foliis caulinis linearibus integris trifidiſve, ſtolo-
nibus

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
225
nibus procumbentibus, caule erecto nudiuſculo,
Sp.pl. 579. (Oed. Dan. t. 348. Moris. hiſt. S. 12.
t. 9. f. 26. bona.)
Moſs Saxifrage. Anglis.
Upon the rocks in the highlands very common.
4. V.
The trailing offsets of the roots form a complete
cuſhion: the intire leaves, and the lobes of the
trifid ones, are ſharply pointed: the petals are
white, with yellow ungues, growing a little erect,
obtuſe, or ſlightly emarginated.
annuus I.
SCLERANTHUS. Gen. pl. 562.
Cal. 1-phyllus. Cor. nulla. Sem. 2, calyce incluſa.
SCLERANTHUS calycibus fructûs patulis. Sp.
pl. 580. (Oed. Dan. t. 504. Pet. herb. t. 9. f. 7.)
Annual Knawel, or German Knot-graſs. Anglis.
In corn fields frequent. 0. VII.
DIANTHUS. Gen. pl. 565.
Cal. cylindricus, 1. phyllus ; baſi ſquamis 4. Petala
5, unguiculata. Caps. cylindrica, 1-locularis.
* Flores ſolitarii, plures in eodem caule.
deltoides 1. DIANTHUS floribus folitariis ; ſquamis calycinis
lanceolatis binis, corollis crenatis. Sp. pl. 588.
(Pet, berb. t. 56. f. 2. Ger. em. 593. f. 6.)
Maiden Pinks. Anglis.
In the king's park at Edinburgh. 2. VII.
glaucus 2. D. Aorihus ſubſolitariis ; ſquamis calycinis lanceo.
laris
a

226
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
latis quaternis brevibus, corollis crenatis. Sp. pi.
588. (Dillen. Etham. 400. t. 298. f. 348.)
Double-color'd Maiden-Pink. Anglis.
In the king's park at Edinburgh. 24. VII.
The flower is white, with a purple eye; in other
reſpects it differs very little from the preceding.
** Caule uniflora herbaceo.
arenarius 3 D. caulibus ſubunifloris ; ſquamis calycinis ovatis
obtuſis, corollis multifidis, foliis linearibus. Sp.
pl. 589. (Moris. hiſt. S. 5. 4. 25. f. 11. Ger. em.
594. t. 12.)
Single-flower'd Rock-Pink. Anglis.
Upon a hill near Perth ? Sibbald. 4. VII.
aldada
Τ R Ι G Υ Ν Ι Α.
Beben 1.
CUCUBALUS. Gen. pl. 566.
Cal. inflatus. Petala 5, unguiculata, abſque corona
ad faucem. Caps. 3-locularis.
CUCUBALUS calycibus ſubgloboſis glabris reti-
culato-venofis, capſulis trilocularibus, corollis
ſubnudis. Sp. pl. 591. (Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t. 20.
f. 1. Ger. em. 678. f. 2.)
Bladder Campion. Anglis.
In corn fields and dry paſtures frequent. 4. VII.
SILENE. Gen. pl. 567.
Cal, ventricoſus. Petula 5, unguiculata; coronata
ad faucem. Caps. 3-locularis.
SILENE

OF
MIC

XT
7
a
Silene
acaulis. P.227.
Saxifraga
nivalis. P. 221.
Marell sculp
Mosas Griffiths del

DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
227
ainana I.
2
SILENE petalis bifidis ; coronula ſubcoadunata,
floribus fecundis, pedunculis oppoſitis trifloris,
ramis alternis. Sp. pl. 596. (Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t.
20. f. 2. Pet. herb. t. 57. f. 1. Ger. em. 469. f. 2.
omnes floribus nimis parvis.)
Sea Campion. Anglis.
On the ſea beach in ſtoney places frequent, as at
Faſt-Caſtle, on the coaſt of Berwickſhire, &c. &c.
The Craig of Ailſa, off the coaſt of Airſhire,
abounds with it, &c. 4. VI. VII.
The ſtalks recline upon the ground: the branches
grow alternate and divaricated : the leaves are of
an oval-lanceolate form, glaucous, and ſmooth
on the upper ſide: the flowers all tend one way :
the peduncles are oppoſite to each other, and
ſupport three flowers: the calyx has 10 reddiſh
angles, a little hairy : the petals are white and
bifid: the antheræ of a dark-grey color. It ap-
proaches very near to the cucubalus Behen, but
the flower is more ſpecious, and the ſtalks are
decumbent.
acaulis 2.
SILENE acaulis depreſſa, petalis emarginatis. Syft.
Nat. 311. Sp. pl. 603. (Oed. Dan. t. 27. opt.
Dillen. Eltham. 206. t. 167. f. 206. Ger. em. 593.
f. 8.)
Moſs-Campion. Anglis.
Upon the highland mountains in inany places, as
upon Ben-Lomond, about half a mile from the
top, in abundance with the Sibbeldia ; upon Crag-
Chailleach, in Breadalbane, and upon the moun-
tains

228
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
a
tains about Loch-Rannoch, in Athol, &c. I ob-
ſerv'd it likewiſe upon the mountains about
Loch-Urn, in Inverneſsſhire, and upon the moun-
tains of Rum. 24. VII.
The roots are thick, and grow together in a mat:
the leaves are extremely narrow, linear and acute,
growing in tufts: the ſtalks are about an inch
high, having generally two leaves growing op-
poſite upon it, and bearing a ſingle flower : the
calyx is of a dark red, and the flowers of a bright
pink color, which enlivens the barren mountains
exceedingly.
STELLARIA. Gen. pl. 568.
Cal. 5-phyllus, patens. Petala 5, bipartita. Caps.
1-locularis, polyſperma.
nemorum 1. STELLARIA foliis cordatis petiolatis, panicula
pedunculis ramoſis. Sp. pl. 603. (Oed. Dan. t.
271. opt. Moris. hiſt. . 5. t. 23. f. 2. Column.
Ecph. I. p. 290. t. 290.)
Broad-leav'd Stichwort. Anglis.
In woods and ſhady places, frequently in the low-
lands, as about Broomholm and Langholm, in Eſk-
dale, and at Springkeld and Hoddam-Caſtle, in An-
nandale, abundantly: obſerv'd alſo by Dr. Per.
ſons, at Meavis-Bank. 4. V. VI.
The ſtalks are about a foot or eighteen inches high,
branch'd in a panicle at top: the leaves are heart-
ſhap’d, acute, hairy, of a much paler green on
the under ſide than the upper ; the lower ones
ſupported by footſtalks, which are hairy and
channeld;

DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
229
channel'd; the upper ones feſfile : the calyx is
erect, a little hairy, and white on the nargins :
the petals bifid, almoſt to the baſe: between the
longer ſtamina and the calyx is a ſmall glandular
nectarium.
a
Holoftea 2. STELLARIA foliis lanceolatis ſerrulatis. Spec. pl.
603. (Ger. em. 47. Pet. herb. t. 58. f. 1.)
Greater Stichwort. Anglis.
In woods and hedges common. 2.V.
The petals are nearly twice the length of the calyx,
and divided half way to the baſe.
graminea 3 S. foliis linearibus integerrimis, floribus paniculatis.
Sp. pl. 604. (Oed. Dan. t. 414 & var. t. 415.
Pet, herb. t. 58. f. 3.)
Leſſer Stichwort. Anglise
In dry paſtures frequent. 24. VII.
B There is a variety of this with ſmooth oval ſeſſile
leaves, and few flowers, growing often in wet
marſhy places, vide Pet. berb. t. 58. f. 4 & Moris
hift. S. 5. t. 23. f. 8. Ger. em. 613. f. 8.
Bog Stichwort. Anglis. 4. VII.
The ſtalk.is quadrangular: the petals ſcarcely longer
than the calyx, and bifid to the baſe.
ARENARIA. Gen. pl. 569.
Cal. 5 phyllus patens. Petala 5, integra. Caps. 1-lo-
5
cularis, polyfperma.
peploides 1. ARENARIA foliis ovatis acutis carnoſis. Sp. pl.
. .
Q3
605.

230
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
605. (Læs. Pruſ. 12. t. 2. Ger. t. 622. f. 1. Pet.
herb. t. 65. f. 9.)
Sea Chickweed. Anglis.
Upon the ſea coaſt in ſandy ſoils frequent, as upon
the coaſt by Leith, &c. 4. VII.
The leaves are ſmooth and oppoſite, and grow
fo
cloſe together at the tops of the ſtalks as to make
them appear quadrangular.
trinervia 2 ARENARIA foliis ovatis acutis petiolatis nervoſis.
Sp. pl. 605. (Oed. Dan. t. 429. opt. Pet. herb. t.
59. f. 1.)
Plantain-leav'd Chickweed. Anglis.
In Shady woods, &c. as at Mearis-Bank and Dung-
laſs-Den. Dr. Parsons. O. VI.
The ſtalk is dichotomous: the peduncles weak and
deflex’d: the capſules pendulous.
jerpyllifolia A. foliis fubovatis acutis ſeſſilibus, corollis calyce
3.
brevioribus. Sp. pl. 606. (Pet. herb. t. 59. f. 2.
Ger. em. 612. f. 3.)
The left Chickweed. Anglis.
Upon walls and other dry barren places. 0. VI.
rubra 4.
A. foliis filiformibus, ftipulis membranaceis vagi-
nantibus. Sp. pl. 606. (Loes. Pruf. 203. t. 63. bo-
na. Pet. herb. t. 59. f. 8.)
Purple flower'd Chickweed, or Spurrey. Anglis.
In gravelly ſoils frequent. Dr. Parſons. O. VI.
marina B. There is a variety of this common on the ſea coaſts,
much
a

DECANDRI TRIGYNIA.
231
much larger in all its parts, and with ſucculent
leaves. vid. Pet. herb. t. 59.5, 7. & Moris. hiſt.
5. 5. 1. 23. f. 15.
Purple Sea-Spurrey. Anglis, O. VI.
The branches of both trail on the ground, and the
flowers are purple, opening at nine o'clock in
the morning, and ſhutting between two and three
in the afternoon. The calyces of the firſt are
hairy and viſcid.
verna 5. A. foliis fubulatis, caulibus paniculatis, calycibus
acuminatis ftriatis. Syft. nat. 313 & Mantiſs.
JO72. (Vaill. Paris. t. 2 f. 3. bona, quippe calyces
3
acuminati, non ovati obtuſ, ut A. ſaxatilis. (ſyſt.
nat. 313) requirit. Gerard. Flor Gallo-provin. t.
otvo. 15. f. 1 & defcriptio congruunt. Herm. parced, t.
12)
Vernal Mountain Chickweed. Anglis.
Upon mountainous paſtures, as upon Arthur's deat,
&c. 4. V. VI.
The root throws out numerous branches about three
or four inches high, reclining a little at the baſe,
but afterwards erect: the leaves are ſo crouded
about the roots as to form tufts; they are ſmooth,
linear, ſubulate, a little ſtiff, and ſtriated under-
neath with three ribs : two or three pairs grow
on each ſtalk, oppoſite, and connate at their
baſe; the uppermoſt pairs are ſhorteſt and wideſt,
the lowermoſt have their points bent on one ſide
of the ſtalk: the flowers grow upon the top of
the ſtalks, and from the alæ of the leaves, one
upon

232
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
upon a peduncle, and generally about three in
all, tho' the number varies from one to five or
fix: the ſtalk, peduncle and calyx are all flightly
hairy : the leaves of the calyx are lanceolate, acu-
minated, and ſtriated each with three ribs : the
petals are oval, white, and a little longer than
the calyx.
laricifolia 6 ARENARIA foliis ſetaceis, caule fuperne nudius
culo, calycibus fubhirſutis. Sp. pl. 607. (Mag-
nol. Hort. Monfp. t. 11. Scopol. Flor. Carniol. t.
18. n. 541. melior.)
Larch-leav'd Chickweed. Anglis.
On dry mountainous paftures in a ſtoney foil. I ob-
ſerv'd it upon Caſtle hill, near Forfar, in the
county of Angus. 4. VIII.
It differs very little from the preceding, only from
the alæ of the leaves ariſe cluſters of other ſmall
leaves, which are nothing elſe but the rudiments
of young branches; to which may be added,
that it bears fewer flowers upon a ſtalk, and the
petals are ſmaller.
CHERLERIA. Gen. pl. 570.
Cal. 5 phyllus. Netaria 5 emarginata, petaloidea.
Petala nulla (nifi calycem vel Nečtaria velis.) An-
there alternæ fteriles. Caps. 3-locularis, 3-valvis.
ſedoides 1.
CHERLERIA. Sp. pl. 608. (Haller, ſtrip. Helvet.
vol. 2. p. 114. t. 21. Opuſo p. 301. t. I. eadem &
fig. noft.)
Moſfy Cherleria. Anglis.
Upon
100

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 233
;
Upon the highland mountains near their ſummits,
and by the ſides of rills in ſeveral places, as up-
on Ben-teſkerny and Ben-challum, two mountains
to the weſt of Loch-Tay, in Breddalbane, plenti-
fully ; and upon a mountain in Rum, called
Baikeval, &c. 4. VII. VIII.
It forms large green noſfy tufts: the ſtalks are
about two inches high, cloſely matted together,
and covered with crowded leaves, growing op-
poſite to each other, of a narrow linear acute
form, and firm texture, and a little rough on the
edges: the flowers grow out of the ſummits of
the branches, ſingle, erect, and on very ſhort
peduncles, of a yellowiſh green color: the leaves
of the calyx are of an oval lanceolate forin, and
ítreak'd on the back with three lines: the necta-
ria are much ſhorter than the calyx, and heart-
ſhap'd : the whole plant, at firſt view, has a
great reſemblance to a tuft of the female Poly-
trichum commune, or ſome ſpecies of mnium.
It has never yet been diſcover'd in England, but is
peculiar to alpine countries.
a
PENT A G Y NI A.
COTYLEDON. Gen. pl. 578.
Cal. 5-fidus. Cor. 1-petala. Squomæ nectariferæ 5,
,
ad baſin germinis. Caps. 5.
COTYLEDON foliis cuculato-peltatis ferrato-
dentatis alternis, caule ramoſo, foribus erectis.
umbilicus
veneris. 1.
Sp.

334
DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
Sp. pl. 615. (Ger. em. 528. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. S. 12.
t. 10. f. 4. ordinis ſecundi.)
Navel-wort, Kidney-wort, or Wall Penny-wort.
Anglis.
Upon rocks and old buildings. I obſerv'd it upon
the rocks of Drummadoon, on the Weſt ſide of the
Ine of Arran, and upon the craig of Ailſa abun-
dantly, and upon the ruins of Y-columb-kil, &c.
4. VI.
I
SEDUM. Gen. pl. 579.
Cal. 5-fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Squamæ nectariferæ 5,
ad baſın germinis. Caps. 5.
* Planifolia.
telephium 1 SEDUM folis planiuſculis ferratis, corymbo folioſo,
caule erecto. Sp. pl. 616. (Ger em. 520. f. 1.
Moris, hiſt. S. 12. t. 10. f. 1. & 2. ordinis ſuperi-
oris.
Orpine or Live-long. Anglis.
By the road ſide going to Dumbarton from Glaſgow,
on the right hard upon a rock. Dr. Parſons ob-
ſerv'd it alſo about two miles eaſtward of Dun-
barton, under hedges. 2. VIII.
** Teretifolia.
reflexum 2. SEDUM foliis fubulatis ſparſis bafi ſolutis ; inferi-
oribus recurvatis. Sp. pl. 618. (Ger. em. 512. f.
1 & 513. f. 6. Moris. hiſt. S. 12. t, 6. f. 6 & 7.
Pet. herb. t. 42. f. 5&6)
5
Yellow reflex'd Stonecrop. Anglis.
Upon

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
235
Upon houſes and walls. Sibbald. Dr. Parſons ob-
ſerv'd it in a village going from Edinburgh to
Lord March's. 24. VII.
The leaves are ſemicylindrical, glaucous, ſucculent
and acuminated : in Holland ſometimes eaten in
ſallads.
scre 3.
S. foliis ſubovatis adnato-ſeſſilibus gibbis erectiuſ-
culis alternis, cyma trifida. Sp.pl. 619. (Ger. em.
517. Moris. hiſt. S. 12. t. 6. f. 12. Pet. berb, t.
42. f. 9)
Pepper-Stonecrop, Wall Pepper. Anglis.
Upon rocks and barren ſtoney places, but not very
common. I obſerv’d it in the iſland of Lamlaſh,
on the ſouth-eaſt of Arran. 24. VI.
The Aowers are yellow, and the leaves cloſely im-
bricated, ſo as to make the ſtalks appear cylin-
drical. It is acrid, and biting to the taſte.
The juice of it externally is recommended in ulce-
rous fores and cancers : taken internally it ope-
rates ſtrongly as an emetic and cathartic. An
ounce of it, boild in twelve ounces of ale, and
taken in four doſes, has been found ſerviceable
in the dropſy.
rubens 4.
S. foliis ovatis fefilibus gibbis alternis, cyma trifi-
da, capſulis rubentibus. (Oed. Dan. t. 82. opt.
Raj. Syn. p. 326. t. 12. f. 2)
Red Stonecrop. Anglis.
On walls and rocks frequent, as about the old col-
lege

236
DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
lege of Lincluden, near Dumfries, and upon the
walls by the ſide of the Clyde, at Roſeneath; up-
Roſs-Iſland, in Loch-Lomond, and numberleſs
other places. 0. VI. VII.
From one root ariſe ſeveral branches, which recline
at their baſe, but afterwards grow erect about
two inches high : the leaves are oval, gibbous,
obtuſe, ſeſſile, alternate, ſmooth, and crouded
cloſe together at the ſummits of the unflow'ring
branches, but more diſtant in the flow'ring ones.
This, together with the unfolded Cyma, makes
the tops of the young branches bigger than the
bottom, like an inverted cone. The Cyma, or
little umbel, which terminates the branches, is
generally trifid, and conſiſts of an uncertain
number of flowers from three to nine, ſtanding
either on very ſhort peduncles, or quite ſeſfile.
The petals are acute, of a pale Aeſh color, with
a red Carina. The germina are of a bright red.
The ſtamina ten, five ariſing from the baſe of
the petals, and five between them, with red An-
there. The whole plant is ſmooth and reddiſh in
decay.
It is deſcrib'd by Haller in his Stirp. Helvet, n. 963,
but cannot properly be referr'd to any ſpecies of
Linnæus. The fedum annuum of Linnæus he him-
ſelf informs us, bears a yellow flower. For. ſuec.
p. 154. & Mantiſs. p. 389; it cannot therefore
be that. And the ſedum rubens. Sp. pl. 619, has
but five ſtamina, which has ocaſioned him in his
Syft.

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
237
Syft. nat. (p. 317 & 226) to reduce it to the Ge-
nus of Craſſula. Unleſs, therefore, our plant
varies in the number of ſtamina, it cannot with
any propriéty be referr’d to his craſſula rubens,
tho' it may to ſome of the miſapply'd fynonyms.
villofum 5. SEDUM caule erecto, foliis planiuſculis, pedun-
culiſque ſubpiloſis. Sp. pl. 620. (Oed. Dan. t. 24.
opt. Ger. em. 516. f. 1. Moris. bift. f. 12. t. 8. f.
48.)
Marſh Stonecrop. Anglis.
On bogs and moiſt rocks by the ſides of mountains,
as on Pentland-Hills, Dr. Perſons : and in Glen-
Eglas, in Strath-Eme, to the ſouth of Crief, &c.
Mr. Stuart. 0. VI.
The ſtalk is erect, four or five inches high,
branch'd at the top, downy and viſcid : the leaves
grow alternate and diſtant, oblong, thick, con-
vex on the outſide, and obtuſe: the flowers grow
in a thin branched umbel, at the top of the ſtalk,
upon viſcid peduncles: the calyx is downy and
viſcid : the petals are oval and acute, of a red
color, with a hairy Carina of a deeper red.
OXALIS. Gen. pl. 582.
Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala unguibus connexa. Caps.
angulis dehiſcens, 5-gona.
acetoſella 1 OXALIS ſcapo unifloro, foliis terratis, radice
ſquamoſa articulata. So. pl. 620. (Miller. icon.
195.

238
DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
و
195. f. 2. Ger. em. 1201. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 63.
f. 7)
Wood Sorrel. Anglis. Gouke-meat. Scotis.
Biadh-eunain, feada-coille. Gaulis.
In woods frequently. At the hermitage, &c. Dr.
Parſons. H.V.
The leaves are radical only, and numerous ; three
grow together at the top of one common foot-
ſtalk, heart-ſhap’d, hairy, their points all meet-
ing in a centre, and endued with a degree of fenfi-
bility, for when ſtruck or handled they droop.
Linnæus ſays they are expanded in moiſt rainy
weather, and contracted in dry. The flowers
are white, elegantly marked with red veins,
have yellow Ungues, and grow ſingly upon radi-
cal footſtalks.
The whole plant has an agreeable acid taſte, and
cooling quality, and is recommended in malig-
nant fevers, and for the ſcurvy. In the iſland of
Arran I was informed that a whey or tea of it was
uſed in putrid and other fevers, with good fuc-
ceſs.
a
I.
AGROSTEMMA. Gen. pl. 583.
Cal. 1-phyllus, coriaceus. Petala 5, unguiculata ;
Limbo obruſo indiviſo. Caps. 1-locularis.
githago 1. AGROSTEMMA hirfuta, calycibus corollam æqu-
antibus, petalis integris nudis. Sp.pl. 624. (Ger.
em, 1087. Moris. hift. S. 5. t. 21. f. 31. Pet. herb.
t. 57. f. 12)
Cockle.

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
239
Cockle. Anglis.
In corn fields. O. VI.
The ftalk is two feet high, erect, but little branch'd
and hairy: the leaves linear, acute and hairy :
the ſegments of the calyx hairy ftriated, and ra-
ther longer than the corolla : the petals obtuſe,
and of a bright purple color : the ſeeds black,
and elegantly rough, having a white meal or
flour.
LYCHNIS. Gen. pl. 584.
Cal. 1-phyllus, oblongus, lævis. Petala 5, ungui-
culata. Limbo fubbifido. Caps. 5-locularis.
flos cuculi 1 LYCHNIS petalis quadrifidis, fructu fubrotundo.
Sp. pl. 625. (Ger. em. 600. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. S. 5.
t. 20. f. 8. Pet. herb. t. 56. f. 6)
Meadow Pinks, Wild Williams, Cuckow Flower,
or Ragged Robbins. Anglis.
In moift meadows and wet boggy places frequent.
21. VI.
The ſtalk is angular, and red at the joints: the
leaves reflex'd on their edges, and red at their
ends: the calyx ſtreak’d with ten red prominent
lines: the petals red and quadrifid or jagged.
Cattle refuſe to eat it.
viſcaria 2. LYCHNIS petalis ſubintegris. Syft. nat. 319. Sp.
pl. 625. (Ger. em. 601. f. 3. Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t.
20. f. 6. Pet. herb. t. 57, f. 8)
Red Catchfly. Anglis.
Upon

240
DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
dioica 3.
Upon the rocks at the hermitage near Edinburgh.
Dr. Parſons. 4. VI.
The flowers are red, and grow in a panicle, com-
poſed of oppoſite viſcid branches.
L. floribus dioicis. Sp. pl. 626. (Ger. em. 469. f. 1.
Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t. 21. f. 21 & 23. Pet. herb. t.
57. f. 5 & 6)
White Campion, the female. Anglis.
,
Red Campion, the male.
In woods and hedges. 4. VI.
The rocks in the iſland of Ailſa are cover'd with
the red-Aower'd only.
I
CERASTIUM. Gen. pl. 585.
Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala bifida. Caps. i-locularis,
apice dehiſcens, 10-dentatus.
* Capſulis oblongis.
vulgatum CERASTIUM foliis ovatis, petalis calyci æquali-
bus, caulibus diffufis. Sp. pl. 627. (Vaill. Paris.
t. 30. f. 3. Pet. herb. t. 58. f. 5)
Common Mouſe-ear Chickweed. Anglis.
In corn fields, paſtures and by way-ſides. 0. VI.
Many reclining ſtalks ariſe from one root, forming
a thick tuft before they flower : the leaves are
of a round oval form, the upper ones more acute.
It flowers later than the following, and laſts
longer.
viſcoſum 2.
C. erectum villoſo-viſcorum. S. pl. 627. (Vaill. t.
30. f. 1.)
Upright
a

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
241
Upright Mouſe-ear Chickweed. Anglis.
The ſtalks are a foot high, erect, not ſo numerous
from one root as the preceding, and the leaves
more acute.
drum 3
In meadows and paſtures frequent. 0. IV. V.
Semidecan- CERASTIUM foribus pentandris, petalis emar-
ginatis. Sp. pl. 627. Vaill. Par. t. 30. f. 2. Raj.
Syn. P. 348. t. 15. f. 1. bona)
The leſt Mouſe-ear Chickweed. Anglis.
Upon the hills about Arthur's Seat. Dr. Parſons.
O. V.
It is about three inches high, commonly ſingle at
the root, and very little branch'd at the top: it
has only five fertile Stamina, but ſometimes five
other barren ones are viſible, without Anthera.
Brvenſe 4.
Ć. foliis lineari-lanceolatis obtuſis glabris, corollis
calyce majoribus. Sp. pl. 628. (Vaill. Paris. t.
30. f. 4 & 5. bona. Ger. em. 595. f. 15)
4 &
Narrow leav'd Mouſe-ear Chickweed. Anglis.
În paſtures of a gravelly foil, but not common. I
obſerv'd abundance of it at the foot of walls up-
on the borders of Scotland, near Wark, not far
from Kello. 4. V. VI.
The ſtalks are weak and reclining i the leaves not
always ſmooth, but moſt commonly a little hairy:
the petals are twice as long as the calyx, which
teadily diſtinguiſhes the ſpecies.
** Capſulis fubrotundis.
R
C. foliis
a

242
DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
og
latifolium 5 C. foliis ovatis ſubtomentofis, ramis, ſubunifloris
capſulis globoſis. Sp. pl. 629. (Haller. Strip.
Helvet. n. 887. Marten. Spitzberg. t. G. fig. d.)
Woolly Mouſe ear Chickweed. Anglis.
Upon the rocks on the ſummits of the highland
mountains, as upon Ben-Lomond, and the moun-
tains about Glenco, &c. 4. VI. VII.
The roots are white, tough and woody, throwing
cut numerous reclining branches, which after-
wards grow erect to the height of about three
inches, bearing one, or at moſt two flowers : the
leaves are oval, crouded together in the young
branches, and all extremely woolly. If two
flowers grow upon the ſame ſtalk, the peduncle
of one is divaricated, or grows ſo diſtant from the
other as to form with it an angle almoſt equal
to a right angle. The calyx is woolly, the pe-
tals larger than the calyx, the capſule round at
firſt, but afterwards lengthen’d out into a curvid
horn. Haller's deſcription of this plant agrees
preciſely with ours; and Marten’s figure above
quoted, tho' a bad one, reſembles it; but nei-
deſcriptions nor figures of the C. alpinum correſ-
pond as they ought, that being either ſmooth
or only a little hairy, and producing fix or eight
flowers upon a ſtalk. We therefore conclude
ours to be moſt reducible to the C. latifolium Lin.
equaticum 6 CERASTIUM foliis cordatis feffilibus, floribus,
ſolitariis,

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
243
ſolitariis, fructibus pendulis. Sp. pi. 629. (Ger.
emac. 611. f. 1. Mentzel. pug. t. 1. f. 3)
Marih Mouſe-ear Chickweed. Anglis.
By the ſides of ditches and rivers, but not fre-
quent. 2 VII.
a
:
The ſtalk is a yard high, or more, nearly quadran-
gular, branched, weak, ſlightly hairy, and una-
ble to ſupport itſelf: the lower leaves have cili-
ated footſtalks, the upper ones are feffile, and
Nightly hairy, with a little viſcidity : the flowers
grow near the ſummits of the ſtalks from the
Ala of the leaves, and from the diviſions of the
branches, ſingly upon viſcid peduncles: the ca-
lyx is hairy and viſcid, the petals twice as long
as the calyx, and the capſules pendulous.
SPERGULA. Gen. pl. 586.
Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5, integra. Caps. ovata, 1-lo-
cularis, 5-valvis.
arvenſis 1. SPERGULA foliis verticillatis, floribus decandris.
Sp. pl. 630. (Ger. em. 1125. f. 3. Pet. herb. t. 59.
f. 6)
Corn-Spurrey. Anglis.
In corn-fields frequent. 0. VIII.
The leaves are round, linear, and furrow'd from
e ght to twenty in a whirl: the calyx hairy and
viſcid, the peduncles branch'd, the petals white,
the ſtamina vary from five to ten, the capſules
are pendulous, and the ſeeds black, and ſur-
rounded with a membranaceous ring.
R2
In

244
DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
In Holland and Germany it is ſown in the fields as a
fodder for cattle,
nodoſa 2. S. foliis oppoſitis ſubulatis lævibus, caulibus fimpli-
cibus. Sp. pl. 630. (Oed. Dan. t. 96. opt. Loes.
Flor. Pruſ. p. 204. t. 64. bona. Pet. herb. t. 59.
f. 5. Ger. em. 567. f. 6. Plukenet. t. 7. f. 4)
Knotted Spurrey. Anglis.
In wet paſtures, and on the ſides of lakes and
marſhes, but not very common. 4. VIII.
Several ſtalks ariſe from one root, ſometimes re-
clining and ſometimes erect, and about three or
four inches high : the leaves are ſimooth, of a fine
green, and from their boſoms towards the top of
the ſtalks appear little knots of other leaves,
which are the rudiments of young branches :
the flowers are white, with yellow antheræ ; they
grow erect, and generally ſingle at the top of the
branches.
a
a
a
laricina 3. SPERGULA foliis oppoſitis fubulatis ciliatis faſci-
culatis. Sp. pl. 631. (Fig. nulla)
Larch-leav'd Spurrey. Anglis.
Upon dry paſtures of a gravelly ſoil. I obſerv'd it
upon a hill in the iſland of Bute. 4. VI.
From one root ariſe ſeveral ſtalks about an inch or
an inch and a half high : the leaves are linear,
ſubulate, and acuminated, Nightly hairy or ci-
liated on the edges, and their points turn to one
of the ſtalk: from their alæ ariſe tufts of
other leaves, which are the rudiments only of
young

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA,
245
:
pe-
young branches : the flowers grow ſingly on the
ſummits of the branches, upon long, naked,
Nightly hairy peduncles: the ſegments of the
calyx are oval, obtuſe and Nightly hairy : the
tals are white, and about the length of the ca-
lyx : the number of ſtamina varies from five to
ten, and of ſtyles from three to five; but the
primary flowers have ten ſtamina and five ſtyles :
the capſule generally nods. It is a matter of
ſome doubt whether the SAGINA procumbens
var. B. Lin. Sp. p. 185. (Pet. herb. 4. 59. 11)
be not the ſame plant with this,
R3
CLASSIS

246
DODE CANDRI A.
CLASS I S XI.
IS
DO DE CAN DRI A
M ON OG Y NI A.
LYTHRUM. Cor. 6-petala. Cal. 12-fidus, infe-
rus. Caps. 2-locularis.
DIG YN I A.
AGRIMONIA. Cor. 5-petala. Cal. 5-fidus. Sem.
1.f. 2.
T RI G Υ Ν Ι Α.
RESEDA. Cor. petal. multifidis. Calpartitus.
Caps. 1-locularis, hians.
EUPHORBIA. Cor. petal. peltatis. Cal. ventri-
coſus. Caps. 3-cocca.
T E T R A G Y NI A.
* Tormentilla erecta.
DO DE CAG Y NI A.
SEMPERVIVUM. Cor. 12-petala. Cal. 12-parti-
tus. Caps. 12.
MONOGYNIA.

DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
247
M O N O GYNI A.
LYTHRUM. Gen. pl. 604.
Cal. 12-fidus, Petala 6, calyci inferta. Caps. 2 lo-
cularis, polyſperma.
Salicaria 1. LYTHRUM. foliis oppofitis cordato-lanceolatis,
foribus fpicatis dodecandris. Sp. pl. 640. (Ger.
em. 476. f. 5. Pet. berb. t. 62. f. 6)
Purple-ſpiked Willow herb, or Looſeſtrife. Anglis.
On the banks of ditches and rivers, and in marſhy
places frequent. 2. VII.
The ſtalk is three or four feet high, erect, qua-
drangular, and branch'd towards the top into
long verticillated ſpikes of ſpecious purple flowers,
the leaves grow either oppoſite, or three in a
whirl : the petals are flaccid : the calyces ſeſiile,
and 10-angular.
It is of an aſtringent quality, but rarely uſed in
medicine. Cattle are fond of it.
D I GYNI A.
AGRIMONIA. Gen. pl. 607.
Cal. 5-dentatus, altero obvallatus. Petale 5. Sem.
2, in fundo calycis.
eupatoria 1. AGRIMONIA foliis caulinis pinnatis, impari pe-
tiolato, fructibus hiſpidis. Sp. pl. 643. (Miller.
icon. 15. Ger. em. 712)
Agrimony. Anglis.
On

248
DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
On the borders of fields and under hedges. VII. 4
The leaves are pinnated, ſoft and hairy, conſiſting
of fix or ſeven pair of ſerrated pinne, with other
ſmaller ones intermix'd between them, and an
odd one at the end : the flowers are yellow, and
grow in a long, ſlender unbranch'd ſpike: the
fruit, or ſwoln calyx, is crown’d with hooked
hairs, which adhere readily to the cloaths.
The leaves make a very pleaſant tea, ſaid to be
ſerviceable in hæmorrhagies, and in obſtructions
of the liver and ſpleen. The country people
alſo uſe them ſometimes by way of cataplaſm in
contuſions and freſh wounds,
T R I G Y NI A.
luteola 1,
RESEDA. Gen. pl. 608.
Cal. 1-phyllus, partitus. Petala laciniata. Caps.
ore dehiſcens, 1-locularis.
RESEDA foliis lanceolatis integris baſi utrinque
unidentatis, calycibus quadrifidis. Syft. nat. 329.
Sp. pl. 643. (Ger. em. 494)
Wild-woad, Yellow-weed, or Dyers-weed. Anglis.
In waſte places near villages, as about Dyfart, Burnt-
Iſand, and Laſwade, &c. O. VII.
The young leaves are often undulated : the talk
is a yard high, or more, terminated with a long
naked ſpike of yellowiſh green flowers : the calyx
is quadrifid, the two upper ſegments being wideſt:
the petals are three, the upper one nectariferous
and

DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
249
3
lutea 2.
and divided half way into fix ſegments; the la-
teral ones trifid : the capſule triangular, unilocu-
lar, divided into fix ſegments at the top, three
erect and three inflex'd, and gaping open,
This plant is cultivated and much uſed for dying
woollen and fill of a yellow color. The freſh
herb, ſhredded and boild, or dry'd and reduc'd
to a powder, are the ways of uſing it.
R. foliis omnibus trifidis, inferioribus pinnatis. Sp.,
pl. 546. (Ger. em. 277. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 37. f.
11.)
Baſe Rocket. Anglis.
In the links of Kirkaldy. Dr. Parſons. 0. VII.
The Pinnula of the leaves are generally undulated,
the talks reclining, the calyx is divided into fix
unequal ſegments : the petals are fix, the ſtamina
about twenty : the capfule ſhap'd like a triangu-
lar priſm.
peplus 1.
EUPHORBIA. Gen. pl. 609.
Cor. 4 s. 5-petala, calyci inſidens. Cal. 1-phyllus,
ventricoſus. Caps. 3-coeca.
* Umbella trifida.
EUPHORBIA umbella trifida, dichotoma, invo-
lucellis ovatis, foliis integerrimis obovatis petio-
latis. Sp. pl. 653. (Ger. em. 503. f. 19. Moris.
hiſt. S. 10. t. 2. f. 11.)
Petty Spurge. Anglis.
In

250
DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
In waſte places about towns and villages, and in
gardens frequent. 0. VIII.
The petals are lunular, or ſharply horn'd.
exigua 2.
E. umbella trifida, dichotoma, involucellis lanceo-
latis, foliis linearibus. Sp. pl. 654. (Ger. em. 503.
f. 17. Pet. herb. t. 53. f. 9)
Narrow-leav'd Dwarf-Spurge. Anglis.
In corn helds, and in fandy or gravelly foils, as
ni about Burntiſand, &c. O. VIII.
The petals are horn'd.
** Umbella quinquefida.
belioſcopia E. umbella quinquefida, trifida, dichotoma, invo-
3.
lucellis obovatis, foliis cuneiformibus ferratis.
Sp. pl. 658. (Ger. em. 498. f. 2. Moris. hiſt. s.
10. t. 2. f. 9.)
Sun-Spurge, or Wart-Spurge. Anglis.
In corn fields and gardens frequent. 0. VIII.
The petals are roundiſh.
The ſtamina in this genus do not all appear at the
ſame time, but break out ſucceſſively; ſo that it
would be difficult for a learner in the ſcience to
determine the genus by the rules of the ſexual
fyftem ; but the germen of a rounded triangular
form, terminated with three bifid ſtyles, and ſup:
ported by a peduncle, will afford him an excel-
lent characteriſtic mark of this genus ; to which
may be added, that the ſeveral ſpecies are full of
a milky juice, which in moſt is of a hot cauſtic
nature,
a
a
а

DODECANDRIA DODECAGYNIA,
251
nature, capable of raiſing a bliſter, or burning
away warts.
DO DE CAGYNI A.
SEMPERVIUM, Gen. pl. 612.
Cal. 12-partitus. Petala 12. Caps. 12, polyſperma.
tectorum 1. SEMPERVIUM foliis ciliatis, propaginibus pa-
tentibus. Sp. pl. 664. (Ger. em 510. f. 1. Moris.
hiſt. . 12. t. 7. f. 41)
Houſeleek. Anglis.
Upon houſes, but probably not indigenous. 4. VII.
It is recommended as a cooler by way of cataplaſm
to burns and hot ulcers; and the juice mixed
with honey, and laid on with a pencil, has been
found of ſervice to cure the Thruſh in children.
Boerhave found, that ten ounces of the juice,
given internally, was beneficial in dyſenteries,
and others have found it very uſeful in gonorr-
hæas.
CLASSIS
DINT AMO

252
ICOS ANDRI A.
CLASS I S XII.
I COSA N D R I A
M ON OG YN I A.
PRUNUS. Cal. inferus, 5-fidus. Cor. 5-petala.
Drupa nucleo integro.
D I G Y NI A.
CRATÆGUS. Cal. ſuperus, 5-fidus. Cor. 5. pe-
tala. Bacca 2-ſperma.
TRIG Y NI A.
SORBUS. Cal. ſuperus, 5-fidus. Cor. 5-petala.
Bacca 3-ſperma.
PENTAGYNI A.
PYRUS. Cal. ſuperus, 5-fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Po.
mum 5-loculare, polyſpermum.
SPIRÆA. Cal. inferus, 5-fidus. Cor. 5-petala.
Caps. plures, congeftæ.
POL Y G Y NI A.
ROSA. Cal. 5-fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Cal. baccatus,
polyſpermus.
RUBUS. Cal. 5-fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Bacca com-
pofita.
TORMENTILLA.

ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
253
TORMENTILLA. Cal. 8-fidus. Cor. 4-petala.
Sem, 8, mutica.
DRYAS. Cal. 8-fidus. Cor. 8-petala. Sem. pluri-
ma, ariſta lanata.
FRAGARIA. Cal. 10-fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Sem.
plurima ſupra receptaculum baccatum, decidua.
POTENTILLA. Cal. 10-fidus. Cor. 5-petala.
Sem. plurima, mutica.
GEUM. Cal. 10-fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Sem. pluri-
ma, ariſta geniculata.
COMARUM. Cal. 10-fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Sem.
plurima ſupra receptaculum carnoſum perſiſtens,
* Spiræa Filipendula, Ulmaria.
MONO G Y NI A.
padus. I.
PRUNUS. Gen. pl. 620.
Cal. 5-fidus, inferus. Petela 5. Drupe nux ſuturis
prominulis.
PRUNUS floribus racemoſis, foliis deciduis baſi
ſubrus biglandulofis. Sp. pl. 677. (Oed. Dan. t.
205. opt. Ger. em. 1504. f.9)
Bird-Cherry, Anglis. Hag-berries. Scotis.
In woods frequent, as about Melvil-Caſtle, and at
Carubber-Den, and in the woods about Penton-
Bridge and Broomholm, in Eſkdale, &c. h. V. VI.
The flowers grow in cluſter’d ſpikes, and make an
elegant
.

254
ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
elegant appearance : the fruit is black when ripe,
and of the ſize of grapes, of a nauſeous taſte,
eaten in Sweden and Camtſchatca, but drank by
way of infuſion in brandy in Scotland.
avium *
2. P. umbellis feffilibus, foliis ovato-lanceolatis fubtus
pubeſcentibus conduplicatis. Syft. nat. 342. Sp.
pl. 680. (Blackwell, t. 425)
Common wild Cherry-tree. Anglis.
In the woods oppoſite to Melvil-Caftle, &c. bur
probably ſown by birds, and not indigenous. Dr.
Parſons. h. V.
It grows to a large tree,
The gems which terminate the branches produce
leaves only, generally five in number: the lateral
gems produce ſeſſile umbels of flowers, com-
monly three, ſtanding on long foot talks: the
fruit is black, and ſometimes red, ſmall, but
ſweet and agreeable to the taſte, by fermentation
making a grateful wine, and by diſtillation,
bruiſed together with the ſtones, a ſtrong fpirit.
inſititia * 3
PRUNUS pedunculis geminis, foliis ovatis fubvil-
loſis convolutis, ramis ſpineſcentibus. Sp.pl. 680.
(Figuram non invenio)
Bullace Tree, or Bullace Plumb. Anglis.
In hedges about the abby of Mellroſs, &c. Đ.V.
It varies with both white and black fruit.
Spinoſa 4.
P. pedunculis folitariis, foliis lanceolatis glabris,
ramis ſpinoſis. Sp. pl. 681. Ger. em. 1497: f. 5.)
The

ICOSANDRIA DIGYNIA.
255
The Black-thorn, or Sloe-tree. Anglis.
The Slae. Scotis.
An droighionn, preas-nan-airneag. Gaulis.
In hedges frequent. ħ. IV. V.
The bark of this ſhrub has been uſed by empirics to
cure the ague. It will dye woollen of a red co-
lor. The juice of it, with vitriol or copperas,
will make good ink; and the fruit will make a
very grateful and fragrant wine.
.
D I G Υ Ν Ι Α.
2
CRATÆGUS. Gen. pl. 622.
Cal. 5-fidus. Petala 5. Bacca infera 2-ſperma.
aria. B. I. CRATÆGUS foliis ovatis inciſis ſerratis ſubtus
fomentoſis. Syft. nat. 342. Sp. Pl. 681. (Oed. Dan.
t. 302. opt.)
The White Beam-Tree. Anglis.
In woods but not common. ħ. VI.
I have inſerted this on the authority of Sibbald, not
having found it myſelf.
The leaves are oval and firm, of the ſize of the
hazel, ſtriated with prominent nerves, ferrated on
the edges, and hoary underneath: the flowers
grow in white umbels : the berries when ripe are
red, and capable, by fermentation and diſtilla-
tion, of affording a good ſpirit.
oxyacantha CRATÆGUS foliis obtuſis ſubtrifidis ſerratis. Sp.
pl. 683. (Ger. em. 1326. f. 1. Blekwell t. 149.)
The
2.

256
ICOSANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
The Hawthorn, or White-Thorn, or Quick, Anglis,
An [githeach. Gaulis.
In woods and hedges. ħ. VI.
The number of ſtyles, and ſeeds in the berries are
variable. In Camtſchatca the inhabitants both eat
the berries and make a wine of them : the high-
landers alſo eat them when thoroughly ripe :
ſwine, deer, and birds are fond of them, parti-
cularly the thruſh kind. The neateſt and beſt
hedges are well known to be made of the young
plants of this ſhrub. A decoction of the bark
with copperas is uſed by the highlanders to dye
black,
svaki
Τ R Ι G Υ Ν Ι Α.
aucuparia 1
SORBUS. Gen. pl. 623.
Cal. 5-fidus. Petala 5. Bacca infera, 3-fperma.
SORBUS foliis pinnatis utrinque glabris. Sp. pl.
683. (Ger. em. 1473)
The Quicken-Tree or Mountain Aſh. Anglis.
The Roan-Tree. Scotis. Craobh-chaorain. Gaulis.
In woods, &c. frequent, in the lowlands and high-
lands. h. VI.
The leaves are pinnated with about eight pair of
Pinnule, of an oval acute form, and ſerrated on
the edges : the flowers grow in white umbels,
upon branched peduncles: the berries when ripe
are red, giving the tree an elegant glow in the
autumn,

ICOSANDRIA DIGYNIA.
257
autumn, and rendering it a great ornament to ſhrub-
Got beries and other plantations.
They have an aftringent quality, but in no hurtful
nos di degrée: in the iſland of Jura they uſe the juice
of them as an acid for punch: birds of the
thruſh kind are very fond of them, and the high-
landers often eat them when thoroughly ripe,
and in ſome places diſtil a very good ſpirit from
them. The ſame uſe is made of them in Cam-
Tchatca, as we are inform’d by Gmelin. The
wood is hard and durable, fit for many recono-
mical purpoſes, ſuch as mill-work, ſcrews for
preſſes, ſpokes for wheels, &c.
It is probable that this tree was in high eſteem with
the Druids, for it may to this day be obſerved to
grow more frequently than any other in the neigh-
borhood of thoſe Druidical circles of ſtones, ſo
.
often ſeen in North-Britain; and the ſuperſtitious
ſtill continue to retain a great veneration for it,
which was undoubtedly handed down to them
from early antiquity. They believe that any ſmall
part of this tree carried about then, will prove
a ſovereign charm againſt all the dire effects of
enchantment or witchcraft. I heir cattle alſo, as
well as themſelves, are ſuppoſed to be preſerved
by it from evil; for the dairy-maid will not for-
get to drive them to the peelings or ſummer pal-
tures with a rod of the Roon-tree, which ſhe care-
fully lays up over the door of the Meal boothy,
or ſummer-houſe, and drives them home again
S
with

258
ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
with the ſame. In Strathſpey they make, for the
ſame purpoſe, on the firſt day of May, a hoop
of the wood of this tree, and in the evening and
morning cauſe all the ſheep and lambs to paſs
through it.
PENTAGYNI A.
walus * 1.
.
.
Cal. 5-fidus. Petala 5. Pomum inferum, 5-locu-
lare, polyfpermum.
PYRUS foliis ferratis, umbellis feffilibus. Sp. pl.
686. (Ger. em. 1461. Blakwell. t. 178)
The Crab-Tree or Wilding, when improv'd, the
Apple-Tree. Anglis.
Abhal-fiadhaich. Gaulis.
In the woods by Lord Haddington's, &c. Dr. Para
Sons, h. V.
This tree in its wild ſtate is arm'd with prickles,
and the fruit is extremely ſour, and frequently
bitter. Its juice, or crab-vinegar, applied out-
wardly, is good to cure ſpaſms, cramps, ſtrains,
&c.
The bark will dye woollen of a citron color.
It is remarkable for its longevity : it is ſaid that
ſome trees in Herefordſhire have lived a thouſand
years. It flowers with the piony and narciſſus
poeticus, and makes at that time a moſt elegant
appearance.
The fruit, mixed with other cultivated apples, or
a
even

ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
259
even alone, if thoroughly ripe, will make a
found maſculine cyder.
al
SPIRÆA. Gen. pl. 630.
Cal. 5-fidus. Petala 5. Caps. polyſperma.
filipendula , SPIRÆA foliis pinnatis ; foliolis uniformibus fer.
ratis, caule herbaceo, foribus cymoſis. Sp. pl.
702. (Ger. em. 1058. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. S. 9. t. 20.
f. prima. Pet. herb. t. 71. f. 6 & 7)
Dropwort. Anglis.
In mountainous paſtures, as upon the hills to the
ſouth-weſt of Arthur's-Seat, &c. 4. VII.
The root conſiſts of many tubercles, ſuſpended by,
and terminated with thread-like fibres.
The ſtalk is about a foot and a half high, ereat,
and with but few leaves upon it, terminated with
a looſe umbel of white flowers, often ting’d with
red: the leaves have numerous, oblong, acutely
ferrated pinnæ, with ſmaller ones intermix'd, and
the extreme one divided into three lobes: the
petals in this ſpecies are generally fix, and the
ſegments of the calyx are reflex'd : the ſtamina
are 30, or more : the germina 12, or upwards.
Swine are fond of the roots; and Linnæus informis
us, that in a ſcarcity of corn they have been
eaten by men inſtead of bread,
ulmaria 2.
S. foliis pinnatis, impari majore lobato, foribus cy-
moſis. $p. pl. 702. (Ger. em. 1043. f. 1. Moris,
hili. S. 9. t. 20. f. 1. fuperioris ordinis ad dextram.
Pet. berb, t. 71. f. 3)
Meadow-
a
S 2

260
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
a
Meadow-Sweet. Anglis.
Lus-chneas-Chuchullainn. Gaulis.
In wet meadows, and on the banks of ditches and
rivers. 2. VII.
The leaves of this ſpecies have only two or three
pair of pinnæ, with a few ſmaller ones intermix'd,
the extreme one being larger than the reſt and
divided into three lobes : the calyx is reddiſh, the
petals white, the number of capſules from ſix to
ten, twiſted in a ſpiral.
The whole plant is extremely fragrant: the com-
mon people in Sweden on holidays ſtrew their
floors with it.
A diſtillid water from the flowers has great efficacy
in expelling the meaſles and ſmall-pox. The
whole plant has an aſtringent quality, and as
ſuch has been found uſeful in dyſenteries, rup-
tures, and in tanning of leather. Horſes and
cows do not affect it, but goats are very fond
of it.
POL Y G Y NI A.
ROSA. Gen. pl. 631.
Petola 5. Cal. urceolatus, 5-fidus, carnoſus, collo
coarctatus. Sem. plurima triſpida, calycis interi-
ori lateri affixa.
* Germinibus ſubgloboſis.
Spinofilima ROSA germinibus globoſis, glabris pedunculis hif-
pidis, caule petioliſq. aculeatiffimis. Sp. pl. 705.
(Ger. em. 1270. f. 4. Clus. hiſt. 1. p. 116)
Burnet-
1.

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
261
Burnet-Roſe. Anglis.
In dry mountainous paſtures, as on the ſides of
the hills by Dudiſton-Loch, &c. h. VI.
The ſtalk is crouded with ſtrait unequal prickles :
the leaves are pinnated with nine ſmall roundiſh
Foliola : the flowers are cream-color'd, and the
fruit black when ripe : the footſtalks of the
leaves and flowers often vary without prickles.
The variegated roſe mentioned by Sibbald, as
growing upon a hill at his Ciphian farm, is only
a variety of this. vid. Scot. illuſt, t. 2.
arvenſis 2. ROSA germinibus globoſis pedunculiſq. glabris,
caule petioliſque aculeatis, foribus cymoſis. Lin.
mantiſs. p. 245. Hudſ. Angl. p. 192. (Oed. Dan.
t. 398. ut. a Linnæo citata.)
White-flower'd Dogs-Roſe. Anglis.
In hedges. Dr. Parſons, h. VII.
This is arm’d with but few prickles, and the leaves
are larger than the preceding, and not ſo round:
the flowers are white, and grow ſeveral together,
ſo as to form a kind of umbel.
villoſa 3.
ROSA germinibus globoſis pedunculiſque hiſpidis,
caule aculeis ſparfis, petiolis aculeatis, foliis to-
mentofis. Sp. pl. 704. (Park. par. 418)
The Apple-Roſe. Anglis.
About Killin, in Breodalbane, and upon the coaſt of
Fife, &c. h. VII.
The leaves are pinnated generally with five hoary
obtule
S 3

262
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
canina 4.
a
obtufe Foliola : the peduncles and germina are
covered with ſmall prickles : the petals red, the
fruit large, fphærical, black when ripe, and ſcat-
tered over with ſtiff hairs and innocent prickles.
** Germinibus ovatis.
R. germinibus ovatis pedunculiq. glabris, caule pea
tioliſq. aculeatis. Sp. pl. 704. (Ger. em. 1270. f. 3.
Blakwell, t. 8)
Briar-Roſe, red-Power'd Dogs-Roſe, or Hep-Tree.
Anglis.
An fhearr-dhris. Gaulis.
In hedges and paſtures. h. VI.
The ſtalks are thinly arm’d with ſharp crooked
ſpines : the leaves are pinnated with ſeven and
ſometimes nine ſmooth foliola, oval, a little acute,
and glaucous underneath : the peduncles and
germina are ſmooth : the petals fleſh-color’d,
ſweet-ſcented and emaginated : the fruit oval or
urn-ſhap'd, finooth and red when ripe.
The pulp of the fruit ſeparated from the ſeeds, and
mixed with wine and ſugar, makes a jelly much
eſteem'd in ſome countries. The bark with cop-
peras dyes black.
Suevifolia * ROSA germinibus ovatis, caule pedunculiſq. acu-
5.
leatis, foliis ſubtus glanduloſo-piloſis. (Ger. em.
1272. f. 1. ad ſiniſtram)
The Sweet-buiar. Anglis.
In the hedges about Red-Hall. Dr. Parſons. h. VI.
The ſtalk is armed with many crooked ſpines : the
leaves are pinnated generally with five, but ſome-
times

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
263
times ſeven foliola, nearly round, ſmooth on the
upper ſide, but ciliated on the edges, and cover’d
underneath with numerous ſhort capillary glands,
having ſmall red fphærical viſcid heads, which
are the cauſe of an agreeable ſcent in the leaves,
reſembling that of a ripe apple: the ſtipulæ are
ciliated, and the footſtalks of the leaves cover'd
with the ſame kind of glands : the peduncles are
of a reddiſh color, covered with ſtrait prickles,
intermixed with glands : the calyx has the like
glands: the flower is ſmall and fleſh-color'd: the
fruit oval, black when ripe, either ſmooth or
ſlightly prickled.
The Roſa Eglanteria, of Linnæus, produces a yel-
low flower, and in other reſpects differs from the
plant we have now deſcribed; and as no ſpecies
deſcribed by that author ſeems to agree with ours,
it was thought more adviſeable to give it a new
name, than to confound it with other ſpecies.
.
,
idaus i.
RUBUS. Gen. pl. 632.
Cal. 5-fidus. Petala 5. Bacca compoſita acinis
monoſpermis.
* Fruteſcentes.
RUBUS foliis quinato-pinnatis ternatifque, caule
aculeato, petiolis canaliculatis. Sp. pl. 706. (Ger.
em. 1272. f. 2. Blakwell. t. 289)
The Raſpberry-buſh. Anglis.
Preas-ſubh-craoibh. Gaulis,
In

264
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
In ſtoney mountainous places, as under Saliſbury-
Craigs, and in the iſland of Lamlaſh, on the ſouth-
eaſt ſide of Arran, &c. h. VI.
The ſtalks are nearly erect, and arı'd with ſmall
ſtrait prickles: the leaves are ſerrated and hoary
underneath : the peduncles rough and hairy.
In the iſle of Skye the juice or a ſyrup of the fruit is
frequently uſed as an agreeable acid for making
of punch, inſtead of oranges or lemons. A
diſtilld water from the fruit is cooling, and very
beneficial in fevers.
Celius 2.
R. foliis ternatis fubnudis; lateralibus bilobis, caule
aculeato tereti. Sp. pl. 706. (J. Baugh. II. p. 59)
The Dewberry-buih. Anglis.
Under hedges, and in waſte places in the lowlands,
but not very common. h. VII.
The ſtalks generally lie proſtrate on the ground:
the leaves are ferrated, and downy underneath,
but not hoary: the fruit is blue when ripe, com-
poſed but of few Acini, and taſting like a mul-
berry.
fructicoſus RUBUS foliis quinato-digitatis ternatifque, caule
3.
petioliſque aculeatis. Sp. pl. 707. (Ger. em. 1272.
f. 1. Blakwell. t. 45)
The common Bramble. Anglis.
In woods and hedges. h. VII.
The ſtalks are remarkably long, weak, a little an-
gular, and furniſhed with ſtrong crooked prickles:
the lower leaves grow five together, upon one
common
a

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
265
common rib; the upper ones only three, having
a fine white ſoft down on their under fide, and
unequally ſerrated on their edges : the middle
leaf is largeſt, heart-ſhap'd, and ſtands on a foot-
ſtalk; the others are feffile : the flowers grow in
a looſe cluſter, two or three upon a peduncle.
The fruit when ripe is black and gloffy.
The leaves are aftringent and drying; a cataplaſm
made of them has been found ſerviceable in the
eryſipelas. The juice of the berries, fermented,
will make a tolerably good wine.
a
** Herbacei.
ſaxatilis 4.
R. foliis ternatis nudis, flagellis reptantibus herba-
ceis. Sp. pl. 708. (Oed. Dan. t. 134 opt. Ger. cnn,
1273. f. 4)
Stone Bramble, Anglis.
Roebuck-Berries. Scotis.
Caora-bada miann, Ruiteaga. Gaulis.
In ſtoney or rough mountainous places not unfre-
quent, as at Dunkeld and Blair, and about Loch-
Ramnocb, in Per tb/bire, &c. b. VII.
The ſtalk lies proftrate : the young ſhoots are very
long, trailing, hairy, and furniſhed with innocent
prickles: the leaves are ſmooth, the berries red
when ripe, and conſiſt of a few large diſtinct
acini, not cohering together : they are very acid
alone, but eaten with ſugar they make an agree-
able deſert, and are eſteemid antiſcorbutic.
Ruffians

266
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
rus 5.
Rufrans ferment them with honey, and extract a
potent ſpirit from them.
chamæmo- RUBUS foliis fimplicibus lobatis, caule inermi uni-
floro. Sp. pl. 708. (Oed. Dan. 1. 1. Flor. Lappon.
t. 5. f. 1.& fig. noft.)
Cloud-berries, Knot-berries, or Knout-berries. Anglis.
Lus-nan eighreag. Gaulis.
Upon the highland mountains in wet nooriſh places
not uncommon, as upon Ben-Lomond, about two
thirds of the way to the top, upon the moun-
tains about Loch-Rannoch, in Perthſhire, and
numberleſs other places h. VI.
This plant is diæcious above ground, but, accord-
ing to a curious obſervation made by Dr. Solan-
der, the roots of the male and female unite to-
gerher under the earth, ſo as to render the plant
truly monæ cious.
The ſtalk is erect, about fix or eight inches high.
unbranch'd, and bearing generally but two leaves,
though ſometimes three, growing alternate upon
footítalks : each leaf is divided a little way down
into five obtufe lobes, unequally ferrated on the
edges, and plaited at the nerves, having a pair
of oval Stipula at the baſe of the foot talk: a
ſingle white flower terminates the ſtalk, conſiſting
of five, and frequently only four bluntly oval
petals. The berry is the ſize of a mulberry,
when ripe of an orange color, conſiſting of ten
or twelve large acini, of a wateriſh or ſubacid
tafte.
The

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
267
The Swedes and Norwegians eſteem the berries to be
an excellent antiſcorbutic : they preſerve great
quantities of them in the autumn to make tarts,
and other confections. The Laplanders bruiſe
and eat them as a delicious food in the milk of
the rein deer; and to preſerve them through the
winter, they bury them in ſnow, and at the re-
turn of ſpring find them as freſh and good as
when firſt gathered.
In the highlands of Scotland we ſaw them produced
at table as a defert.
veſca 1.
FRAGARIA. Gen. pl. 633.
Cal. 10-fidus. Petala 5. Receptaculum feminum
ovatum, baccatum, deciduum.
FRAGARIA Aagellis reptantibus. Syft. nat. 349.
Sp. pl. 708. (Ger. em. 997. f. 1 & 2. Moris. hift.
S. 2. t. 19. f. 1. in medio ordinis ſuperioris. Pet.
berb. t. 40. f. 7)
The Wood Strawberry. Anglis.
Subh-làir, Subh-thalmhainn. Gaulis.
In woods frequent. 4. V. VII.
The root and leaves are aſtringent and vulnerary :
the fruit will diſſolve the tartar of the teeth, with-
out acrimony: they have alſo a diuretic quality,
and are found ſerviceable in the ſtone and gra-
vel. Hoffman recommends them in fevers and
conſumptions, and Linnæus ſays, that by eating
plentifully of them every day, he kept himſelf
almoſt free from the gout. A diſtilld water, or
wine,

268
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
wine, as well as the fruit itſelf, may be uſed in
caſes of the ſtone, and a ſyrup in fevers.
Sterilis 2.
FRAGARIA caule decumbente, ramis Aoriferis
laxis. Syft. nat. 350. Sp. pl. 709. (Vaill
. paris. t.
10. f. 1. bona. Ger. em. 998. f. 3. Pet. herb. t. 40.
f. 8. Moris. hiſt. S. 2. t. 19.f. 5)
Barren Strawberry. Anglis.
In woods and on dry banks, as at Meavis-Bank,
&c. Dr. Parſons. 2. IV. V.
It has no trailing filiform runners like the preced-
ing, and the fruit is dry and pulpleſs : the leaves
are bluntly oval, ſerrated, downy, and of a ſilky
white underneath; their footſtalks remarkably
hairy : the flower ſtalks are downy, weak, and
filiform : the petals whiter than the preceding,
and more deeply emarginated.
:
POTENTILLA. Gen. pl. 634.
Cal. 10-fidus. Petala 5. Sem. ſubrotunda, nuda,
receptaculo parvo exſucco affixa.
* Foliis pinnatis.
anſerina 1. POTENTILLA foliis pinnatis ferratis, caule re-
pente, pedunculis unifloris. Syft. nat. p. 350. Sp.
pl. 710. (Ger. em. 993. Moris. hiſt. S. 2. t. 20. f.
4. ordinis ſecundi. Pet. herb. 1. 41.f. 11. Blakwell.
t. 6.)
Silver-weed, or Wild Tanſey. Anglis.
Moor-Graſs. Scotis.
Bar-a' bhriſgein. Gaulis.
By

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 269
By way-ſides, and in low grounds, and places where
water has ſtood in the winter, and in fandy ſoil
very common. 2. VII.
The leaves conſiſt of ten or twelve pair of oval-
lanceolate, and acutely-ferrated pinne, growing
larger by degrees towards the end of the leaf,
and having frmaller ones intermixed between
them: the pinne are hairy, and white under-
neath, ſhining like fatin : the flowers are yellow.
It has an aſtringent quality, but is rarely uſed in
medicine.
The roots taſte like parſneps, and are frequently
eaten by the common people in Scotland, either
roaſt or boiled.
In the iſlands of Tirey and Col they are much
eſteemed, as anſwering in ſome meaſure the pur-
poſes of bread, they having been known to fup-
port
the inhabitants for months together, dur-
ing a ſcarcity of other proviſions. They put a
yoke on their ploughs, and often tear up their
paſture grounds, with a view to eradicate the
roots for their uſe; and as they abound moſt in
barren and impoveriſh'd foils, and in ſeaſons that
fucceed the worſt for other crops, ſo they never
fail to afford a moſt ſeaſonable relief to the in-
habitants in times of the greateſt ſcarcity. A
ſingular inſtance this of the bounty of provi-
dence to theſe iſlands !
Cattle reject the leaves of this plant, but ſwine are
fond of the roots.
** Foliis digitatis.
POTENTILLA

270
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
rgentea 2. POTENTILLA foliis quinatis cuneiformibus in-
ciſis ſubtus tomentofis, caule erecto. Sp. pl. 712.
(Ger em. 988. f. 7. Moris. hiſt. S. 2. t. 19. f. 11.
Pet. herb. t. 41. f. 5)
Tormentil Cinquefoil. Anglis.
In dry, barren, ſandy, or ftoney foils, but not com-
mon. In the den of Bethaick, near Perth, &c.
24. VII.
The calyces are hoary, as well as the under fide of
the leaves; and the petals yellow.
verna 3
P. foliis radicalibus quinatis acutè ferratis retuſis,
caulinis ternatis, caule declinato. Sp. pl. 712.
(Tabernamont. ic. 123. Cranz. p. 12. t. 1. f. 1. Ger.
em. 988. f. 8. & Clus. Hiſt. 2. p. 106. Quinquefol.
4 prima ſpecies. (Sed Folia quinata non expreſſa, ta-
men deſcripta) Ger. em. 989. f. 9. & Clus. Hift. 2.
p. 106. Quinquefol. 4. Secunda ſpecies, non recedunt
a noſtra planta quamvis a Linnæo citata pro
P.
opaca. nec diſimilis eft. P. aurea. Oed. Dan. t. 114.
ſeu Clus. hiſt. 2. p. 106. Quinquef. 3.)
Vernal Cinquefoil. Anglis.
Upon rocky mountainous paſtures, as on the S. W.
ſide of the rocks under Arthur's-Seat, and
near the top of Creg-chaillech, a mountain near
Finlarig, in Breedelbane, &c. 4. V. VI.
Many reclining hairy ſtalks ariſe from a long woody
root, covered with brown ſcales: the radical
leaves ſtand 'on long hairy footſtalks, conſiſting
of five triangular or wedge-ſhap'd Foliolo, ariſing
from

ICGSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
271
from one point, which are ſerrated on the upper
part generally with five but ſometimes ſeven pa-
rabolic dents, of which the central or extreme
one is the ſhorteſt : below the middle theſe Foliola
to have their edges entire, and are a little hairy on
both ſides, but more ſo on their edges. At the
baſe of the footſtalks of the radical leaves are
two entire, lanceolate, hairy Stipula. Upon the
flower-ſtalks are wide, oval, lanceolate Bračtea,
which frequently coaleſec at their baſe, and ſup-
port between them a ſeſſile leaf, divided into
three lobes, the central of which is often trifid :
theſe Brafteæ are placed under the ramifications
of the ſtalk; for on the peduncles they are op-
poſite, ſimple, and undivided. The Calyces are
hairy, the expanded Corolla a little more than
half an inch in diameter, the Petals either uni-
formly yellow, or ſometimes orange-color'd at
the baſe.
The P. opaca & aurea differ ſo little from the P.
verna, that Halier ſeems to think the firſt ought
not to be diſtinguiſhed from it, (Hiſt. Stirp. Hel-
vet. n. 1120) and Scopoli affirms the ſecond to be
only a variety of it. (Flor. Carniol n. 621.) They
differ only quoad majus & minus, but the general
habit, ſoil, figure of the petals, roots and leaves,
agree in all.
s 4
POTENTILLA foliis quinatis, caule repente, pe-
dunculis unifloris. Sp. pl. 714. (Ger. em. 987. f.
1. Moris.

272
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
1. Moris. hift. S. 2. f. 19. f. 7. Pet. herb. t. 41.
f. 3.)
Common Cinquefoil, or five-leav'd Graſs. Anglis.
In damp clayey foils, but not very frequent. 2.
Vil.
The root and leaves are aſtringent and vulnerary,
A decoction of them has been found ſerviceable
in dyſenteries and agues.
erete I.
TORMENTILLA. Gen. pl. 635.
Cal. 8-fidus. Petala 4. Sem. ſubrotunda, recepta-
culo parvo exſucco affixa.
TORMENTILLA caule erectiuſculo, foliis feffi-
libus. Sp. pl. 716. (Ger. em. 992. Moris. hiſt. ſ.
2. t. 19. f. 13. Blakwell. t. 445.)
Tormentil or Septfoil. Anglis.
Bàr-braonan-nan-con. Gaulis.
In barren paſtures, moors and heaths almoſt every
where. 2. VII.
The roots conſiſt of thick tubercles, an inch or
more in diameter, replete with a red juice, of
an aſtringent quality. They are uſed in moſt of
the weſtern iſles, and in the Orknies, for tanning
of leather ; in which intention they are proved,
by ſome late experiments, to be fuperior even
to the oak-bark. They are firſt of all boiled in
water, and the leather afterwards ſteeped in the
cold liquor. In the iſlands of Tirey and Col the
inhabitants have deſtroyed fo much ground by
digging

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
273
digging them up, that they have lately been pro-
hibited the uſe of them.
A decoction of theſe roots in milk is alſo frequently
adminiſtred by the inhabitants of the ſame iſlands
in diarrhæas and dyſenteries, with good ſucceſs;
but perhaps it would be moſt proper not to give
it in dyſenteries till the morbid matter be firſt
evacuated. A ſpirituous extract of the plant
ſtands recommended in the ſea-ſcurvy, for to
ſtrengthen the gums and faſten the teeth. Lin-
næus informs us, that the Laplanders paint their
leather of a red color with the juice of the roots.
a
reptans 2. TORMENTILLA caule repente, foliis petiolatis.
Sp. pl. 716. (Pet. berb. t. 41. f. 10. Plot. nat. ox.
C. 6. 9.7. 1. 9. f. 5.)
Creeping Tormentil. Anglis.
In barren grounds, but not common. Sibbald. 2.
VIII.
It greatly reſembles the POTENTILLA reptans,
for the flowers have frequently five petals.
GEUM. Gen. pl. 636.
Cal. 10-fidus. Petala 5. Sem. ariſta geniculata.
urbanum 1. GEUM Aoribus erectis, fructibus globoſis villoſis ;
ariſtis uncinatis nudis, foliis lyratis. Sp. pl. 716.
(Ger. em. 994. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 40. f. 1.Blakwell.
t. 253)
Common Avens, or Herb-Bennet. Anglis.
T
In

274
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
a
In woods and hedges frequent. 4. VI.
The root is thick, hrown, woody, and of a conical
figure, ſmelling ſometimes in the ſpring like
cloves: the leaves are hairy and pinnated, the
two or three loweſt pairs being very ſmall, and
the extreme one very large, and divided into
three lobes: the ftipulæ are large, and deeply
indented: the flowers are ſmall and yellow : the
beards of the feeds hooked.
The root is aftringent : an infuſion of it in wine,
or thirty or forty grains of the powder, is eſteemid
a good medicine at the end of a dyſentery.
G. Aoribus nutantibus, fructu oblongo ; ariſtis plu-
moſis tortis. Sp. pl. 717. Syft. nat. 352. (Ger. em.
995. f. 4. Pet. herb. t. 40 f. 3)
Red Water Avens. Anglis.
In wet and mooriſh grounds very common. 2. VII.
The flowers of this are pendulous: the calyces cy-
lindrical, and of a dull red color : the petals
erect, emarginated, red and vein’d.
It is found beneficial in diarrhæas and hæmorrha-
gies, and in Canada we are told it is uſed inſtead
of bark for agues.
rivale 2.
DRYAS. Gen. pl. 637.
Cal. 8-fidus. Petala 8. Sem. caudata, piloſa.
octopetala i DRYAS octopetala, foliis fimplicibus. Syft. nat.
352. Sp. pl. 717. (Oed. Dan. t. 31. Ger. em. 659.
f. 6. & voy. Hebrides, xxxiii.)
The
I

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
275
The Dryas, or Mountain Avens. Anglis.
Upon the highland mountains in many places, as
upon talky ſoils on the eaſtern ſides of Maol-
ghias, Mal-grea, and Creg-chaillech, in Breadal-
bane, and plentifully upon the limeſtone rocks of
Ben-huardal, &c. in the pariſh of Chrift-Church,
in Strath-Swardles, in the ine of Skye; and ſtill
more abundantly for two miles together upon a
vat limeſtone rock called Creg-achnocaen, upon
the boundaries of Coygach & Aſynt, juſt on the
confines of Roſshire and Sutherland, about ten
miles from Loch-Broom, in the road to Lead-beg,
upon the weſtern coaſt. It has likewiſe been
found by my often-mentioned friend, Mr. Stuart,
upon the top of Carn-dearg, one of the lower
heads of Ben-ſguilert, a high mountain (in Glen-
Creran; and near the top of Malmore, in Glen-co,
both in the diſtricts of Upper-Lorn, in Argyle-
Shire. 2. VI.
The ſtalk and branches are woody and perennial,
lying flat upon the ground, and ſpreading wide
about the root in tufts: the leaves are evergreen,
oval, ferr ated, hard and ſtiff, of a dark green
wrinkled ſurface on the upper ſide, and hoary
underneath, having woolly foot talks : the pe-
duncles are downy, ſcattered with purple hairy
glands, and bearing ſingle fowers, conſiſting ge-
nerally of eight white petals. It has never yet
been found in Englaud.
The DRYAS pentapetala, mentioned by Sibbald,
T 2
as

276
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
as growing in the den of Bethaick, four miles
from Perth, is now not to be found there ; pof-
ſibly the POTENTILLA argentea was miſtaken
for it.
COMARUM. Gen. pl. 638.
Cal. 10-fidus. Petala 5, calyce minora. Receptac.
ſeminum ovatum, fpongioſum, perſiſtens.
paluftre 1. COMARUM. Sp. pl. 718. (Ger. em. 987. f. 4.
Moris. hiſt. S. 2. t. 19. f. 4. & ejus var. Pluke-
net. t. 212. f. 2. Pet. herb. t. 41. f. 2)
Purple Marih Cinquefoil. Anglis.
In peat-bogs and marſhes frequent. 4. VII.
The ftalks are proftrate and creeping: the leaves
are pinnated with five or ſeven oval, ferrated Fo-
liola, the odd one at the end being largeſt : the
flowering ſtems are red, and a foot and a half
high, bearing ſeveral flowers towards the top:
the Calyces are large, and of a dull purple, or
blood color, conſiſting of ten ſegments, alter-
-nately great and ſmall: the Petals are much
ſmaller than the Calyx, of the ſame color, and
ligulate or tongue-ſhap'd: the Stamina are of the
ſame color as the Petals : the Anther & yellow,
and the Receptacle of the feeds, when ripe, tu-
mid and fleſhy.
The roots will dye wool of a red color, and have
aftringency enough to tan leather.
a
a
CLASSIS

P O L Y A N D R I A.
277
CLASS I S XIII.
IS
P O L Y A N D R I A
M O N O GYNI A.
Tetrapetali.
PAPAVER Cal. 2-phyllus. Capſula 1-locularis,
coronata.
CHELIDONIUM. Cal. 2-phyllus. Siliqua.
* Pentapet ali.
GISTUS. Caps. ſubrotunda. Cal. 5-phylli, foliola
2, minora.
TILIA. Caps. 5-locularis, coriacea, r-ſperma. Cal.
deciduus.
* Polypetali.
NYMPHÆA. Bacca. multilocularis, corticoſa.
Cal. magnus.
TRIG YN I A.
Réfeda Luteola.
PENTAGYNI A.
AQUILEGIA. Cal. nullus. Cor. 5-petala. Necta-
ria 5, infernè cornuta.
T 3 POLYGYNIA.
3

278
POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
POL Y GYNI A.
THALICTRUM. Cal. nullus. Cor. 4-s. 5-petala.
Sem. plurima, ſubmutica, nuda.
HELLEBORUS. Cal. nullus. Cor. 5-petala, per-
ſiſtens, Nectaria plura. Caps. polyſpermæ.
CALTHA. Cal. nullus. Cor. 5-petala. Caps.
plurimæ. Nectaria nulla.
ANEMONE. Cal. nullus. Cor. 6-petala. Sem. plu-
rima.
TROLLIUS. Cal. nullus. Cor. 14-petala. Nectaria
lineari. Capſula monoſpermæ.
RANUNCULUS. Cal. 5-phyllus. Cor. 5-petala.
Sem. plurima. Petala ungue nectarifero.
M O N OG Y NI A.
majus 1.
* Flores tetrapetali.
CHELIDONIUM. Gen. pl. 647.
Cor. 4-petala. Cal. 2-phyllus. Siliqua i-locularis,
linearis.
CHELIDONIUM pedunculis umbellatis. Sp. pl.
723. (Miller. ic. 92. f. 1. Blakwell. t. 91. Ger. em.
1069. f. 1)
Celandine. Anglis.
In wafte places about towns and villages, but not
common. 21. VI.
The whole plant is full of a yellow, bitter, acrid
juice, eſteemed good in the jaundice and dropſy.
It is uſed outwardly to take away warts, tetters,
ringworms,

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
279
ringworms, &c. and diluted with roſe-water, to
take ſpecks and films off the eyes.
glaucium 2. C. pedunculis unifloris, foliis amplexicaulibus fin-
uatis, caule glabro. Sp. pl. 724. (Ger. em. 367.
f. 1. Pet. berb. t. 52. f. 7)
Yellow-horned Poppy, Anglis.
Upon the ſea coaſts near the Queens-Ferry, and at
Charles Town, the great lime-works of Lord
Elgin, &c. 0. VII,
The leaves are roughly hairy and glaucous: the
flowers yellow, ſucceeded by a rough cylindrical
curved pod, fix inches long, terminated with a
conical Stigma, divided into four lobes: the pod
has two cells, divided by a ſpongy partition, in
which the ſeeds are imbedded.
argeinone 1.
PAPAVER. Gen. pl. 648.
Cor. 4-petala. Cal. 2-phyllus. Caps. I-locularis, ſub
ſtigmate perfiftente poris dehiſcens.
* Capſulis biſpidis.
P. capſulis clavatis hiſpidis, caule folioſo multi-
floro. sp. pl. 725. (Ger. em. 373. f. 2. Moris. hift.
S. 3. t. 14. f. 10. Pet. herb. t. 52. f. 6)
Long rough-headed Poppy. Anglis.
In corn fields, but not common. Dr. Parſons. o.
VI.
** Capſulis glabris.
P. capſulis glabris globoſis, caule pilofo multifloro,
foliis
sbæ as 2.

280
POLYANDRIA MONOG YNIA.
foliis pinnatifidis inciſis. Sp. pl. 726. (Ger. em.
371. f. 1. Moris, hift. S. 3. t. 14. f. 6. Pet. herb.
1. 52. f. 2)
Red Poppy, or Corn Poppy, or round ſmooth-
headed Poppy. Anglis.
In corn fields. Dr. Parſons and Sibbald. o. VII.
The leaves are hairy: the hairs on the ſtalk are
patent or horizontal : the petals of a bright
ſcarlet color, with black purple ungues, and
much larger than in the other ſpecies of this
genus : the capſules not properly ſphærical, but
of a ſhort bluntly-oval figure.
A conſerve, infuſion, or fyrup of the flowers, is
eſteemed as a gentle Narcotic and Anodyne.
dubium 3. P. capſulis oblongis glabris, caule multifloro ſetis
adpreſſis, foliis pinnatifidis inciſis. Sp. pl. 726.
(Moris. hiſt. S. 3. t. 14. f. 11. Pet. herb. t. 52.
f. 3)
Long ſmooth-headed Poppy. Anglis.
In corn fields, &c. the moſt common kind in North-
Britain. O. VII,
a
** Flores pentapetali.
TILIA. Gen. pl. 660.
Cor. 5-petala. Cal. 5-partitus. Bacca ficca, glo-
boſa, 5-locularis, 5-valvis, baſi dehiſcens.
europæa 1.* TILIA floribus nectario deftitutis. Sp. pl. 733.
(Ger. emac. 1483. f. 1. Bakwel. t. 469)
The

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
281
- |
The Lime or Linden-Tree. Anglis.
In walks and avenues, as at Inverary, &c. but pro-
bably not indigenous. h. VII.
The leaves are heart-ſhap'd, with the apex pro-
duced, and ſerrated on the edges : the nerves on
the under ſide have hairy or ſpongy cluſters at
their diviſions : the peduncles are furniſhed with
a remarkable foliaceous BraEtea or ligament of
an elliptic form : the flowers grow in a chin um-
bel, from three to nine together, of a whitiſh
color, and fragrant ſmell; very grateful to bees.
The wood is light, ſmooth, and of a ſporgy tex-
ture, uſed for making laſts and tables for ſhoe-
makers, &c.
Ropes and bandages are made of the bark, and
mats and ruſtic garments of the inner rind in
Carniola, and ſome other countries.
belianthe-
mum I.
CISTUS. Gen. pl. 673.
Cor. 5-petala. Cal. 5-phyllus, foliolis duobus mi-
noribus.
CISTUS fuffruticoſus procumbens, ftipulis lanceo-
latis, foliis oblongis revolutis ſubpilofis. Sp. pl.
744. (Oed. Dan. t. 101. opt. Loeſel. Flor. Pruſ.
43. t. 8. bona. Ger. em. 1282. f. 3?)
Dwarf Ciſtus, or little Sun flower. Anglis.
In dry paſtures and rocky expoſures, but not very
common; as upon the hills in the king's park at
Edinburgh,

282
POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Edinburgh, and in the iſland of Liſmore ſplenti-
fully. h. VII. & VIII.
The petals are yellow, thin and Aaccid, like thoſe
of the poppy.
*** Flores polypetali.
luiea I.
NYMPHÆA. Gen. pl. 653.
Cor. polypetala. Cal. tetra ſeu pentaphyllus. Bacca
multilocularis truncata.
NYMPHÆA foliis cordatis integerrimis, calyce
petalis majore pentaphyllo. Sp. pl. 729. (Blak-
well. t. 497. 498. b. 500. Ger. em. 819. f. 2)
Yellow Water-Lilly. Anglis.
In lakes and ditches, but not very common. Sib-
bald and Dr. Parſons. 4. VIII.
The leaves are ſmooth, plane, tough and pliant,
ten or twelve inches in diameter, and float upon
the ſurface of the water : the leaves of the Calyx
are tough, and yellow within : the Petals are
yellow, much ſmaller than the Calyx, in nun-
ber from 14 to 20, furrow'd and crenated : the
Stamina are more numerous, at the firſt expan-
ſion of the flower adhering cloſely to the fruit,
but afterwards are reflexed; the flower blooms
out of the water, but the fruit reverts and ripens
its feed under it. This fruit is of a pear-ſhap'd,
or oval-conic figure, crowned with a flat radi-
cated Diſc or Stigma, conſiſting of as many rays
as the fruit has cells, like as in the poppy.
Linnæus

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
283
Linnæus tells us that ſwine are fond of the leaves
and roots of this plant; and that crickets and
Blatta, or cock-roaches may be driven out of
houſes by the ſmoke in burning of it.
alba 2.
N. foliis cordatis integerrimis, calyce quadrifido.
Sp. pl. 729. (Blakwell. t. 498, 499, 505. Ger. em.
819.f. 1)
White Water Lilly. Anglis.
An duilleag bhàit', Rabhagach. Gaulis.
In lakes and ditches very frequent. 4. VII & VIII.
The leaves of this are much like the preceding,
but rather larger : the Petals are white, from 16
to 20 in number, wider than the leaves of the
Calyx, and more oval, the exterior ones approach-
ing to the nature of the Calyx, the interior ones,
which are gradually ſmaller, to the Stamine : the
number of Stamina is 68 or 70, and the outer-
moſt of theſe do again reſenible the inner Petals,
ſo that the flower in its natural ſtate has the ap-
pearance of being double. It raiſes itſelf out of
the water, and expands about ſeven o'clock in
the morning, and cloſes again, repoſing upon
the ſurface, about four in the evening. The
fruit is fphærical, crowned with a radjated diſc,
like the preceding.
The root has an aſtringent and bitter taſte, like the
roots of moſt aquatic plants that run deep into
the mud. The highlanders make a dye with it
of a dark cheſnut color.
PENTAGYNIA.
a
a

284
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
PE N T A G Y NI A.
AQUILEGIA. Gen. pl. 684.
Cal. o. Petals 5. Nectaria 5, corniculata, inter
petala. Caps. 5 diſtinctæ.
vulgaris I. AQUILEGIA nectariis incurvis, Sp.pl. 752. (Blak-
well t. 409. Ger. em. 1093. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. ſ.
12. t. 1. f. 1. ordinis infimi)
Columbines. Anglis.
In woods not unfrequent, as in Collington woods,
&c. Dr. Parſons. 4. VI.
1
POL Y GYNI A.
ANEMONE. Gen. pl. 694.
Cal. o. Petala 6-9. Semina plurima.
nemoroſa 1. ANEMONE feminibus acutis, foliolis inciſis, caule
unifloro. Sp. pl. 762. (Ger. em. 383. f. 2. Pet.
herb. t. 40. f. 9. Moris. hiſt. hift. f. 4. t. 28. f.
10.)
The Wood Anemone. Anglis.
In woods frequent, as at Roſlin, &c. 4. V.
The petals are white, often tinged on the outſide
with red, and are generally fix in number. They
cloſe together in rainy weather, and the flower
hangs downwards. Linnæus ſays, that eating of
this herb will cauſe cattle to make bloody water,
and bring on a dyſentery.
THALICTRUM.

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
285
flavum 1.
THALICTRUM. Gen. pl. 697.
Cal. o. Petala 4 in pleriſque. Semina nuda ecau-
data.
THALICTRUM caule folioſo ſulcato, panicula
multiplici erecta. Sp. pl. 770. (Ger. en. 1251. f.1.
Geſneri icon æn. p. 79)
Meadow Rue. Anglis.
On the banks of rivers, but rare. At North-
Queen's-Ferry, in Fifefnire. Dr. Parſons. 24. VII.
It has commonly 24 Stamina, and Piſtils from 10 to
16. It varies, ſometimes with leaves divided in-
to much narrower lobes, and niore wrinkled, as
figured by Moriſon among his umbelliferous
plants, tab. 12. & hiſt. S. 9. t. 20. f. 3.
The root and leaves will dye a yellow color. Cattle
are fond of this plant.
THALICTRUM foliis ſexpartitis, floribus cernu-
is. Sp. pl. 769. (Ger. em. 1251. f. 2. Seguier. ve-
ron, 476. t. 11. (Eder. Dan. t. 244. fed. minùs re-
moſa. Moris. hiſt. S. 9. t. 20. f. 12)
The leſſer Meadow-Rue. Anglis.
In ſandy ſoils and mountainous paſtures not un-
We obſerved great quantities of it
about Kil-chomin in Ila, and at I-columb-kill, in
ſandy grounds. Mr. Stuart found it in the pal-
tures about Loch-Rannoch, in Perthſhire, and in
many other places. 4. VII.
The ſtalk is ſtriated, and about a foot high: the
leaves grow lax and divaricated, having rigid
footftalks ;
minus 2.
common.

286
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
footſtalks; they are ſmooth and glaucous, and
their lobes generally trifid : the panicle is branch'd
and open, and the flowers nod: the petals are of
a pale green, tinged with red : the Stamina are
from fifteen to twenty; the feeds deeply ftriated,
in number from two to ſeven.
alpinum 3. T. caule ſimpliciſſimo ſubnudo, racemo ſimplici ter-
minali. Sp.pl. 767. (Oed. Dan. t. 11. opt. Moris.
hift. S. 9. t. 20. f. 14. Pet, herb. t. 71. f. 12. &
fig. not.)
Alpine Meadow-Rue. Anglis.
By the ſides of rivulets on the highland mountains
frequent, as upon Maol-ghlas, in Breadalbane,
and the mountains about Loch-Rannoch, in Perth-
Mire; on Baikevall, in the iſland of Rum; on
Ben-na-Grion, two miles above M'Kennon's caſtle,
in Strath, in the iſle of Skye; on Ben-na-Scree,
above Arneſdale, by the ſide of Loch Urn, on the
weſtern coaſt of Inverneſsſhire, and numberleſs
other places. It has likewiſe been obſerved in
the lowlands, as upon Hart-Fell, near Moffatt,
in Annandale, by Mr. Sheffield, Fellow of Wor-
ceſter college, in Oxford. 2. VI. VII.
It is an elegant little plant, about a finger’s length
in height, and truly alpine : the leaves all ariſe
from the root, the ſtalk being naked and un-
branched : the flowers nod, and have four Pe-
tels, twelve Stamina and eight Piſtills.
RANUNCULUS.

XII
3
Thalictrum
Rubrus
chamamorus.
P. 266.
alpinum.
P. 286.
Moses Griffiths del.
P. Mazell sculp

ONL
OF
Rich

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
287
ciott
RANUNCULUS. Gen. pl. 699.
Cał. 5-phyllus. Petala 5 intra ungues poro melli-
fero. Sem. nuda.
Obs. Character eſſentialis conſiſtit in NeEtario; re-
liquæpartes fruétificationis inconſtantes, hinc Nectario
incognito, tanta confuſio generis.
Nectarium hoc autem in aliis porus nudus, in aliis
margine cylindraceo cinetus, in aliis Squumula emar-
ginata claufus.
* Foliis fimplicibus.
lingua 1.
RANUNCULUS foliis lanceolatis, caule erecto.
Sp. pl. 773. (Ger. em. 961. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. f. 4.
t. 29. f. 33. Pet, herb. t. 39. f. 5)
Great Spearwort. Anglis.
By the ſides of lakes and in deep muddy ditches,
but not common. At the end of Didifton-Loch,
near Edinburgh. Dr. Parſons. 4. VII.
The ſtalk is two or three feet high, hollow, erect,
and branched towards the top: the leaves are
Nightly denticulated on the edges, hairy and
rough to the touch, feffile, and ſheathing the
ſtalk at their baſe : the Calyx is a little hairy :
the flower is of a ſhining yellow color, an inch
or more in diameter : the nectariferous pore at
the baſe of the petal has a prominent ſcale over
it. The whole plant is acrid and cauſtic.
RANUNCULUS.

288
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
flammula 2 RANUNCULUS foliis ovato-lanceolatis petiola-
tis, caule declinato. Sp. pl. 772. (Ger. emac. 961.
f. 2. Moris. hiſt. f. 4. t. 29. f. 34. & variet. foliis
ſubſerratis. Ger. em. 962. f. 3. Moris. hiſt. S. 4.t.
29. f. 35. Pet. herb. 1. 39. f. 6)
Leſſer Spearwort. Anglis.
An lus-mòr, Ghlais-leun. Gaulis.
On the ſides of lakes and ditches very common. 4.
VII-VIII.
The ſtalk is often a cubit high, proſtrate at the
baſe, but erect upwards and branched: the leaves
are elliptical, of a thick and firm texture, ge-
nerally ſmooth, but ſometimes a little rough and
hairy, moſt commonly entire on the edges, but
ſometimes a little ſerrated : they ſheath the ſtalk
at their baſe like the preceding : the uppermoſt
leaves are linear : the Calyx is a little hairy, the
flower not above half an inch in diameter, the
Petals yellow and ſhining, the nectariferous pore
encompaſſed with a prominent ſcale. By this it
appears, that in ſome ſtates it differs very little
from the R. Lingua. It varies wonderfully in
magnitude, and in gravelly foils, degenerates to
ſuch a trailing dwarfiſh and diminutive ſize, with
linear leaves, that it is difficult to diſtinguiſh it
from the following ſpecies.
It has an acrid and cauſtic quality, and is uſed in
many parts of the highlands to raiſe blifters :
tor this purpoſe the leaves are well bruiſed in a
mortar,
:

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 289
mortar, and applied in one or more limpet ſhells
to the
part
where the bliſters are to be raiſed.
This is the practice in the iſle of Skye, and other
places upon the coaſt.
reptans 3. RANUNCULUS foliis linearibus, caule repente,
Sp. pl. 773. (Eder. Dan. t. 108. Flor. Lappon. t.
3. f. 5. & fig. noft.)
f5
be
Narrow-leav'd Creeping Spearwort. Anglis.
By the ſides of lakes, but rare. At the weſt end of
Loch-Leven, in Rinroſshire. Dr. Parſons. 24. VII.
VIII.
The ſtalk is long and Nender. It creeps upon the
ground, and takes root at every joint, but ap-
proaches ſo near to ſome ſtates of the preceding
ſpecies, that Haller, in his Hift. Stirp. Helv. and
Scopoli, in his Flor. Carniol. are confident it is no
other than a variety of it, and Linnæus himſelf
ſuſpects the fame.
ficaria 4.
R. foliis cordatis, angulatis, petiolatis, caule uni-
floro. Syft. nat. Linn. p. 378. Sp. pl. 774. (Eder.
Dan. 499. opt. Ger. em. 816. Blakwell. t. 51)
Pilewort, or leſſer Celandine. Anglis,
Under hedges, on lady banks and in woods, very
common. 4. IV, V.
The root conſiſts of ſmall fibres, intermixed with a
cluſter of tubercles: the Calyx has generally but
three deciduous leaves, and the flower commonly
eight Petals, each having a nectariferous emargi-
U
nated

290
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
nated ſcale at its baſe. The Stamina are in number
from 18 to 36, the Germina from 16 to 24. The
flower opens at nine o'clock in the morning, and
cloſes at five in the evening.
The young leaves in the ſpring are boiled by the
common people in ſome parts of Sweden, and
eaten as greens. The roots are ſometimes waſh'd
bare by the rains, ſo that the tubercles appear
above ground, and in this ſtate have induced
the ignorant, in ſuperſtitious times, to fancy
that it has rained wheat, which theſe tubercles do
a little reſemble. The ſeeds of this plant com-
monly prove abortive, but this defect in nature
is amply compenſated by its remarkable readi-
neſs to encreaſe by the granulated roots.
** Foliis diſſeĉtis & diviſis.
auricomus 5 RANUNCULUS foliis radicalibus reniformibus
crenatis inciſis, caulinis digitatis linearibus, caule
multiforo. Sp. pl. 775. (Ger. em. 954. f. 7. Pet.
.
herb. t. 38. f. 2. & f. 6. Moris. hift. f. 4. t. 28.
f. 15)
Sweet Wood Crowfoot, or Goldilocks. Anglis.
In woods and ſhady places. Upon the banks of
the river oppoſite Logton wood, near Dalkeith,
Dr. Parſons. 4. V.
The leaves are ſmooth, the radical ones are ſome of
them kidney-ſhap'd and crenated, and others di-
vided into three lobes, all ſupported by long foot-
ſtalks. Thoſe on the upper part of the ſtalk
are

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
291
bo
are feffile, digitated, and entire on the edges :
the Calyx ſtands open, and is reflexed before it
decays: the petals, in the perfect ſtate of the
plant, are five in number, of a ſhining yellow
color, but they are often not above two or three,
and ſometimes none, in the early flowering fpe-
cimens. This kind has no biting or cauſtic quality.
ſceleratu's 6 R. foliis inferioribus palmatis, ſummis digitatis,
fructibus oblongis. Sp. pl. 776. (Ger. em. 962. f.
4. Blakwell herb. t. 259. Pet. herb. t. 38. f. 11)
Celery-leav'd Crowfoot. Anglis.
On the ſides of ditches and ponds near towns and
villages not unfrequent. Dr. Parſons. O. VI.
The ſtalk is thick and pithy, a cubit high, and
branched : the leaves are all ſmooth, the radical
ones ſupported by footſtalks, and divided into
three lobes, the lateral ones of which are trifid :
the ſtalk-leaves are palmated, being deeply di-
vided into narrow ſegments; the uppermoſt aie
elliptical
The flowers are yellow, ſhining and ſmall, in pro-
portion to the ſize of the plant, and the other
ſpecies of this genus : the calyx is yellowiſh,
ſmooth and reflexed : the nectariferous pore at
the baſe of the petal is ſurrounded with a pro-
mipent margin: the Stamina are in number from
12 to 20 : the receptacle of an oval-conic form.
The whole plant has a moſt acrimonious quality ;
if bruiſed and laid upon any part of the body,
it
U 2

292
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
it will in a few hours raiſe a bliſter. Strolling
beggars have been known fometimes purpoſely
to make fores with it, in order the more readily
to move compaſſion.
bulbofus 7. RANUNCULUS calycibus retroflexis, pedunculis
fulcatis, caule erecto, foliis compofitis. Sp. pl.
778. (Ger. em. 953. f. 6. Pét. herb. t. 38. f. 4.)
Bulbous Crowfoot, or Butter-cups. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures frequent. 4. V.
It has a bulbous root, ſhaped like a ſmall turnep:
the leaves are hairy, and divided to the baſe into
three lobes, the middle one of which ſtands on
a footſtalk ; theſe lobes are again ſubdivided half
way down into three others, which are ſharply
indented on their edges : the petals are of a
ſhining yellow color, having a nectariferous
pore
at their baſe, of a bluntly triangular form : the
Stamina are about 60: the Antheræ acuminated.
The whole plant is extremely acrid and corroſive,
eſpecially the freſh roots, which will readily raiſe
a bliſter, and as ſafely as Cantharides ; and yet
notwithſtanding this corroſive quality, the roots
when boiled become ſo mild as to be eatable.
repens 8. RANUNCULUS calycibus patulis, pedunculis
ſulcatis, ftolonibus repentibus, foliis compoſitis.
Lin. Syft. nat. p. 379. Sp. pl, 779. (Ger. em. 951.
f. 1. Blakwell. t. 31. Pet. herb. t. 38. f. 7&8)
Creeping Crowfoot. Anglis.
Under

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
293
a
FS Under hedges and in gardens frequent. 2. VI.
There are often the veſtiges of a bulb to be ſeen
Quando at the root of this plant, which ſeems to have
been divided into creeping offsets by age, or
ſome particular foil or expoſure. The great Hal-
ler is of opinion, that this is no other than a va.
riety of the preceding ſpecies.
The footſtalks of the leaves at the baſe are dilated
into a broad, whitiſh membrane, which em-
braces the ſtalk : the nectariferous ſcale at the
baſe of the petals is broad and Nightly bifid.
acris
9.
R. calycibus patulis, pedunculis teretibus, foliis
tripartito-multifidis; ſummis linearibus. Sp. pl.
779. (Ger. em. 951, f. 2)
Upright Meadow Crowfoot. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures very common. 2. VII.
The ſtalk is erect, cylindrical, two feet high, fiſtu-
lar, and very much branched : the leaves are
rough, divided to the baſe into three primary
lobes, the middle one of which is trifid; and the
lateral ones ſubdivided into two lobes, each of
which is bifid : the Calyx is ſmooth, the Petals
yellow and gloſſy, the nectariferous ſcale at their
baſe nearly heart-ſhap'd : the Stamina from 48
to 56 ; the Germina about 56.
The whole plant is hot and cauſtic, readily and
ſafely raiſing a bliſter, without affecting the urin-
ary paſſages, by bringing upon the patient a ſtran-
gury or the like.
U 3
The

294
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
The cattle leave this plant untouch'd, at leaſt the
ſtalks and flowers of it.
a
arvenſis 10. RANUNCULUS feminibus aculeatis, foliis fupe-
rioribus decompofitis linearibus. Sp. pl. 780.
(@der. Dan. t. 219. opt. Ger. em. 951. f. 3. Mo-
ris. hift. f. 4. t. 29. f. 23.)
Corn Crowfoot. Anglis.
In corn fields, but not common. Dr. Parſons. o.
VI.
The ſtalk is a foot high, erect and branched: the
flower is ſmall, and of a pale yellow color : the
nectariferous ſcale is obſcurely heart-ſhaped with
an inflected margin,: the Stamina are about 14
or 15: the ſeeds 6 or 8, of a round and fatted
figure, both ſides echinated or covered with
prickles, the marginal ones being the longeſt and
largeſt. This laſt criterion readily diftinguiſhes
the ſpecies.
The juice of this kind is acrid like the preceding.
An ounce of it given to a dog has killed him
in three days, the ſtomach being inflamed, cor-
roded and bliſtered.
a
Il
bederaceous RANUNCULUS foliis fubrotundis trilobis inte-
gerrimis, caule repente. Sp. pl. 781. (@der. Dan.
t. 321. opt. Moris. hift. S. 4. t. 29. f. 29. Petiv.
berb. t. 38. f. 12)
Ivy-leav'd Water Crowfoot. Anglis.
I ob.

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
295
I obſerved it on the margins of ſhallow rivulets,
but not very frequent, 4. V-VII.
It is a dwarfiſh creeping plant, overrunning the
rivulets in a mat : the leaves are ſmooth, and ſup-
ported on long footſtalks: the Aower is ſmall and
white, growing one upon a peduncle, oppoſite
to the leaf : the Stamina are 5, and ſometimes
10.
aquatilis 12. R. foliis fubmerſis capillaceis, emerſis ſubpeltatis.
Sp. pl. 781. (Oed. Dan. t. 376. fine fol. peltatis.
benè. Ger. em. 829. f. 1. fol. peltatis. & 827. f. 3.
fol. capillaceis tantùm. Barrel. ic. 565. fol. pelta-
tis & capillaceis. ic. 566. fol. capillaceis tantùm.
Petiv. herb. t. 39. f. 1, 2, 3, 4.)
Various-leav'd Water Crowfoot. Anglis.
In lakes, ditches and rivers frequent. 4. V.
It varies with and without the peltated leaves : in
ſtill waters they are commonly ſeen, but not in
rivers: the Petals are white, with yellow Ungues.
They have no Scale, but only a melliferous Pore
at 'their baſe, ſurrounded with a white circle.
When in flower in the ſpring it often makes the
waters appear as white as ſnow.
TROLLIUS, Gen pl. 700.
Cal-o. Petala circiter 14. Caps. plurimæ, ovatæ,
monoſpermæ.
europæus 1. TROLLIUS corollis conniventibus, nectariis lon-
gitudine ſtaminum. Sp. pl. 782 (Oed. Dan. t.
133.

296
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
2
و
133. opt. Moris. hiſt. S. 12. t, 2. f. 2. Ger. em. 955.
f. 12)
Globe-Flower. Anglise
Lucken-Gowan, i.e. Cabbage-Daiſie. Scotis.
At the foot of mountains, and by the ſides of their
rivulets frequent; as at Drumlanrig, the ſeat of
the Duke of Queenſbury, in Nithſdale ; at Corrys-
Lyn, the famous fall of the Clyde ; and at Cart-
land rocks, near Lanerk, &c. Dr. Parſons like-
wife obſerved it in Carubber-Den, two miles from
Linlithgow, and in Achendenny wood, 24. VI.
The leaves are divided firſt into five ſegments down
to the baſe; the ſegments are again divided each
about half way into two or three lobes, which
lobes are ſharply indented on the edges; the ſtalk
is a foot high, and ſcarcely branched : the fower
is yellow, globoſe and ſpecious: the petals 12
or 14, diſpoſed commonly into four ſeries, with-
in one another, and incurved, the exterior ones
greeniſh, and indented irregularly at the top:
the Nečtaria are in number from 9 to 16, linear,
plane, incurv’d, and perforated on the inſide at
the baſe.
The country people in Sweden ſtrew their floors and
pavements on holydays with the flowers, which
have a pleaſant ſmell, and are ornamental in gar-
dens. Our northern poet makes the young laird
wiſh to gather theſe flowers to weave a chaplet
for his Katy's brow :
Soon

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
297
SOR
Soon as the clear goodman of day
Bends his morning draught of dew,
We'll gae to ſome burn-fide to play,
And gather flowers to buſk ye'r brow.
We'll pon the daiſies on the green,
The Lucken-Gowans frae the bog,
Between hands now and then we'll lean,
And ſport upo' the velvet fog.
Tea Table Miſcellany of Allau Ramſay, in a ſong callid,
The young Laird and Edinburgh Katy.
.
a
HELLEBORUS, Gen. pl. 702.
Cal. o. Petala 5, ſeu plura. Nectarie bilabiata, tu-
bulata. Caps. polyſpermæ, erectiuſculæ.
vuiridis I.
HELLEBORUS caule multifloro folioſo, foliis
digitatis. Sp. pl. 784. (Ger. em. 976. f. 2. Moris.
hift. S. 12: t. 4. f. 5)
Green-fower'd Hellebore. Anglis.
In Dunglaſs-Glen. Dr. Parſons. H. IV.
The leaves are radical, and ſupported on long foot-
ſtalks ; they are ſtiff and nervous, and divided
to the baſe into 9 or 10 ſpear-ſhap'd lobes, ſeveral
of which are again ſubdivided half way down in-
to two or three more, all of them ſharply ſer-
rated : the flower ſtalk is a cubic high, dichoto-
mous, naked at the baſe, but has leaves fubtend-
ing the ramifications : each branch produces two
nodding green Aowers : the Ne&taria are 8 or 10
in number, of the length of the ſtyles, a little
ſerrated on the rims: the Stamina are 50 or more;
A19
the capſules from 3 to 5.
A drachm

298
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
A drachm of the leaves reduced to powder is ſome-
times given to deſtroy worms.
1
CALTHA. Gen. pl. 703.
Cal. o. Petala 5. Nectaria o. Caps. plures, poly-
ſperma.
paluſtris 1. CALTHA. Sp. pl. 784. (Ger. em. 817. f. 1. Ta-
bernamont. ic. 750. Geſner. ic, æn. 54.)
Marſh Marigold. Anglis.
A' chorra-ſhod. Gaulis.
In marſhy grounds, and by river-ſides frequent.
24. V.
The leaves are nearly kidney-ſhap'd, crenated on
the edges, and ſtanding on footſtalks : the talk
is a foot high, and branched : the flowers ftand
on ſhort furrow'd peduncles, large and yellow :
the Stamina are numerous, more than 100 : the
Capſules are from 10 to 14, ſtanding open and
radiated.
The plant has an acrid quality, but the young
flower-buds in ſome parts of Germany are pickled
and ſold for capers.
CLASSIS

DI D Υ Ν Α Μ Ι Α,
299
CLASSIS XIV.
DI D Υ Ν Α Μ Α.
GYMNOSPERMIA.
* Calyces fubquinquefidi.
LEONURUS. Antheræ punctis oſſeis adſperſa.
GLECOMA. Antherarum paria cruciata !
MENTHA. Filamenta diftantia recta.
TEUCRIUM. Corolla labium fuperius nullum, ſed
bipartitum !
AJUGA. Corolla lab. ſuperius ftaminibus brevius !
BETONICA. Corollæ lab. ſuperius planum, aſcente
dens, tubo cylindrico. Stamina longitudine fau-
cis.
LAMIUM. Corolla lab. inferius utrinque dente
ſetaceo!
GALEOPSIS. Corolla lab. inferius fupra biden-
datum!
STACHYS. Corolla lab. inferius lateribus reflexum.
Stam. deflorata ad latera deflexa.
NEPETA. Corolla lab. inferius crenatum. Faux
margine reflexo.
BALLOTA. Calyx 10-ſtriatus. Corolla lab. ſupe-
rius fornicatum.
MARRUBIUM.

300
D I D Υ Ν Α Μ Ι Α.
MARRUBIUM. Calyx 10-ſtriatus. Corolls lab.
fuperius rectum.
** Calyces bilabiati.
SCUTELLARIA. Calyx fructiferus operculatus!
THYMUS. Calyx fauce villis clauſus.
PRUNELLA. Filamenta omnia apice bifurca !
ORIGANUM. Strobilus calyces colligens !
CLINOPODIUM. Involucrum calyces colligens.
ANGIOSPERM I A.
* Calyces bifidi.
OROBANCHE. Caps. 1-locularis. Cor. ſubæqua-
lis, 4-fida. Glandula ſub bafi germinis.
larvard
** Calyces quadrifidi.
LATHRÆA. Caps. 1-locularis. Cor. perſonata.
Glandula ſub germine.
BARTSIA. Caps. 2-locularis. Cor. perſonata. Cal.
coloratus.
EUPHRASIA. Caps. 2-locularis. Cor. perſonata.
Antheræ inferiores hinc ſpinofæ.
RHINANTHUS. Caps. 2-locularis. Cor. perſo-
nata. Caps. compreffa.
MELAMPYRUM. Caps. 2-locularis. Cor. perſo-
nata. Sem. bina, gibboſa.
*** Calyces quinquefidi.
LIMOSELLA.
DUIS USAN

DID Y N A M I A.
301
LIMOSELLA. Caps. I-locularis. Cor. campanu-
lata, regularis. Sem. plurima.
VIX
SCROPHULARIA. Caps. 1-locularis. Cor. reſu-
pinata. Lab. ſegmento intermedio interno.
A I DIGITALIS. Caps
. 2-locularis. Cor. companulata,
.
ſubtus ventricoſa. Stom. declinata.
A ANTIRRHINUM. Caps. 2-locularis. Cor. perſo-
nata fubtus nectario prominente.
PEDICULARIS, Caps. 2-locularis. Cor. perſonata.
Sidalan Sem. tunicata.
storno
CLASSIS

302
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
CLASS I S
SIS
XIV.
DID Y N AMI A A
GYMNOSPERMIA.
AJUGA. Gen. pl. 705.
Corolla labium ſuperius minimum. Stamina labio
ſuperiore longiora.
reptans 1. АJUGA glabra, ftolonibus reptantibus, Lin. lut.
nat. 387.sp. pl. 785. (Blackwell. t. 64. benè. Mo-
ris. hiſt. f. 11. 1. 5. f. 1. ordinis inferioris. Rivin. t.
5
75. Ger. em, 631. f. 1. fine ſtolonibus. & Pet. herb.
t. 34. f. 3)
Bugle. Angiis.
In moiſt paſtures and woods frequent. 24. V. VI.
The flowering ſtem is ſix or eight inches high, erect
and unbranched, but throws out trailing offsets
from the root: the leaves are ſmooth for the moſt
part, oval, bluntly crenated, and have large
nerves : the flowers are ringent, and grow verti-
cillate, eight or more in a whirl, commonly of a
blue color, ſtreaked with veins of a deeper blue.
The inſide or throat of the flower is hairy.
pyramidalis A. tetragona-pyramidalis villoſa, foliis radicalibus
maximis. Lin. Syft. nat. 387. Sp. pl. 785. (Oed.
Dan. t. 185. Pet. berb. t. 34. f. 4. Rivin. t. 76.
Pyramidal
a
2.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA,
+303
а.
Pyramidal or Mountain Bugle. Anglis.
In dry mountainous paſtures, but rare. ^. V. VI.
ho I am aſſured by the Rev. Doctor Burgeſs, of Kirk-
michael, that it is a native of Scotland, but I have
Tobog
not yet learned the particular place of its growth.
The ſtalk is about four inches high, without off-
ſets : the leaves are hairy, and grow upon the
ftalk in ſuch a manner as to make the whole
plant form a quadrangular pyramid : the radical
leaves are green, oval, and bluntly crenated; the
Brastee, or floral leaves, are angular, and purple
3oDoo or violet-color'd: the flowers are pale blue,
TEUCRIUM. Gen. pl. 706.
Corolla labium ſuperius (nullum) ultra baſın 2-par-
titum, divaricatum ubi ftamina.
feorodonia 1 TEUCRIUM foliis cordatis ferratis petiolatis, ra-
cemis lateralibus ſecundis, caule, erecto. Sp. pi.
789. (Oed. Dan. t. 485. Blackwell. t. 9. Rivin.
t. 12. Ger. em.662. Moris. hift. f. 11. t. 20. f.15)
Wood Sage. Anglis.
In woods and dry ftony places frequent, as about
the rocks in the king's park, &c. 4. VII. VIII.
The flowers are ſtraw-color'd, the Filaments red:
the plant has a bitter quality, and ſmells like
hops, with a little mixture of garlick. In the
iſland of Jerſey the inhabitants uſe it in brewing
inſtead of hops. An infuſion of it ſtands re-
commended in the dropſy.
NEPETA

304 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
que
Igua moliso
OMSO
NEPETA. Gen. pl. 710.
Corolle labium inferius lacinula intermedia crenata,
faux margine reflexo. Stamina approximata.
cataria 1. NEPETA foribus fpicatis ; verticillis ſubpedicel-
Bootw latis, foliis petiolatis cordatis dentato-ferratis.
is nog
Sp. pl. 796. (Ger. em. 682. f. 1. Rivin. t. 52.
blow Blackwell. t. 455. Pet. herb. t. 32. f. 1)
Cat-Mint. Anglis..
In hedges and waſte places. 24. VIII.
I inſert this plant on Sibbald's authority only, not
having found it myſelf.
The ſtalk is a yard high, and branched : the leaves
are hoary : the flowers are fleſh-color'd, growing
verticillate in ſpikes at the tops of the branches :
elor the middle ſegment of the lower lip is ſpotted
with red.
plant has a bitter taſte and ſtrong ſmell, not
unlike pennyroyal.
An infuſion of it is reckoned a good Cephalic and
Emmenagogue, being found very efficacious in
hyſterics and the Chloroſis. Cats are extremely
fond of this plant, whence the name.
MENTHA. Gen. pl. 713.
Corolla ſubæqualis 4-fida; lacinia latiore emarginata.
Stamina erecta diftantia.
* Capitata.
MENTHA

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 305
aquatica 1. MENTHA Aoribus capitatis, foliis ovatis ſerratis
petiolatis, ftaminibus corolla longioribus. Lin.
Syft. nat. 392. Sp. pl. 805. (Ger. em. 684. f. 1.
Moris. hiſt. f. 11. t. 7. f. 6. Rivin. t. 49. Black-
well. t. 32)
Water-Mint. Anglis.
Meannt. Cairteal. Gaulis.
On the banks of rivers and lakes frequent. 2. VIII.
The ftalk is a cubit high, erect and branched : the
leaves are often of a dark reddiſh color : the
flowers grow in one or two cloſe thick whirls,
near the top, with a globoſe one always terminat-
ing the branches : the Corolla is hairy within, and
of a pale red color.
The plant is aromatic, and has a bitter acrid taſte.
It varies, ſometimes with a leffer, rounder, and
more hairy leaf, as figured by Ray. Synops. p.
233. t. 10. f. 1.
** Verticillatæ.
MENTHA floribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis acu-
fativo * 2.
tiufculis ſerratis, ſtaminibus corolla longioribus.
Sp. pl. 805. (Ger. em. 680. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. S. 11.
t. 7. f. 2. ordinis ſuperioris.)
Red Garden Mint. Anglis.
On the banks of rivulets, and in waſte places, but
rare, perhaps only the outcaſt of gardens. Dr.
Parſons & Sibbald. 4. VIII.
gentilis 3. M. floribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis acutis ferratis,
ftaminibus corolla brevioribus. Sp. pl. 805. (Ger.
X
en2.

306 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
em. 680. f. 4. Moris, hift. S. 11. t. 7. f. 1. ordinis
ſuperioris.)
Red ſharp-leav'd Mint. Anglis.
On the ſides of rivers and in waſte places, but
rare. Dr. Parſons. 4. VIII.
The ſtalks are red, the leaves Nightly hairy, ellip-
tical and acute: the whirls ten or more, conti-
nued from the middle of the branches to the top:
Doctor
the Calyces are ſprinkled with reſinous dots, and
the lowermoſt ſegment of the Corolla is acute.
arvenſis. 4. MENTHA foribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis acutis
ſerratis ftaminibus corollam æquantibus. Sp. pl.
806. (Oed. Dan. t. 512. Moris. hiſt. S. 11. t. 7.
ofte bras f. 5. ordinis ſecundi. fig. ſecund. Ger. em. p. 684.
f. 2.)
Corn Mint. Anglis.
In corn fields after harveſt, but not very common.
2. VIII. IX.
The whole plant is hairy : the ſtalks recline on the
..de ground: the whirls are downy, and much ſhorter
than the leaves : the Calyces hoary, the flowers
of a pale blue, the loweſt ſegment of the Corolla
obtuſe.
The plant ſmells much like the blue part of a de-
cay'd cheeſe.
Linnæus ſays, that the milk of cows which have fed
upon this plant can hardly be made to turn to
curds.
pulegium*5 M. floribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis obtufis fubcre-
natis,

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
307
natis, caulibus ſubteretibus repentibus, ftamini-
bus corolla longioribus. Sp. pl. 807. (Ger. em.
671. f. 1. Moris. hift. S. 11. t. 7. f. 1. ordinis ſecundi.
Rivin. t. 23. Blackwell. t. 302)
Pennyroyal. Anglis.
It is ſometimes amongſt rubbiſh thrown out of gar-
dens, but probably is not a native. 4. VIII. IX.
The whirls are fphærical, conſiſting of numerous
peduncles, bearing each one or two flowers: the
Calyx is ftriated, a little inflated, and divided in-
to five bearded dents, the lowermoſt of which is
the left : the flowers are of a pale purple, or
fleſh color: the Stamina longer than the Corolla.
An infuſion of the plant in white wine with ſteel is
eſteem'd an excellent emmenagogue.
GLECOMA. Gen. pl. 714.
Antherarum fingulum par in formam crucis conni-
vens. Calyx 5-fidus.
hederaceai. GLECOMA foliis reniformibus crenatis. Sp. pl.
807. (Ger. em. 856. f. 1. Rivin. t. 67. Vaill.
Paris. t. 6. f. 4, 5, 6. Blackwell. t. 225)
Ground-Ivy. Anglis.
Under hedges and in ſhady places frequent. 4. V.
The lower part of the ſtalks is procumbent, but
the flowering part erect: the leaves are wrinkled
and ſtand on long ſemicylindrical footſtalks : the
joints are ſurrounded by a ciliated ring: the
Aowers are blue, and grow four or eight together,
in half-whirls, leaning on one ſide of the ſtalk :
the
X a

308
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
n
the upper lip of the Corolla has a dorſal plait
running down to the Calyx : the Antheræ after
burſting ſtand in the form of the letter X.
The leaves of this plant are often deformed with
hairy tumors, which are the galls of the Cynips
Glecomæ. Lin. Syft. n.
1. The juice or infuſion of this herb has been recom-
mended in gravelly and aſtmatic complaints, but
the ſucceſs has not been found to anſwer the re-
commendation in any great degree.
In ſome parts of England this plant is put into ale
to purify and communicate to it its attenuant
virtues.
sobre
LAMIUM. Gen. pl. 716.
Cor. labium ſuperius integrum, fornicatum; labi-
um inferius bilobum ; faux utrinque margine
dentato.
album 1.
LAMIUM foliis cordatis acuminatis, ſerratis, pe-
tiolatis, verticillis vigintifloris. Lin. Syft. nat. p.
393. Sp. pl. 809. (Ger. em. 702. f. 1. Blackwell.
t. 33)
White Archangel, or Dead-Nettle. Anglis.
Teanga-mhinn. Gaulis.
Under hedges and in waſte places frequent. 2. V.
VI.
The Calyces are marked with a dark red ſpot : the
flowers are white, the tube of the Corolla cury'd,
fender at the baſe, and ſhorter than the upper
dip: the Antheræ ciliated.
The
a

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
309
2.
The young leaves in the ſpring are boiled and eaten
as greens by the common people in Sweden.
purpureum L. foliis cordatis obtufis petiolatis. Sp. pl. 809.
(Ger. em. 703. f. 3. Moris. hift. S. 11. t. 11. f. 9.
Blackwell. t. 1. Oed, Dan. t. 523. opt.)
Red Archangel, or Dead-Nettle. Anglis.
In corn fields and gardens very common, O. V.
The ſtalk is about fix inches high, almoſt naked at
the baſe, but crouded with leaves at the top: the
flowers are red, the Anthere barb'd with white
hairs.
This is alſo eaten in Sweden like the preceding.
amplexi-
caule 3.
LAMIUM foliis foralibus feffilibus amplexicauli-
bus obtufis. Sp. pl. 809. (Ger. em. 616. f. 4. Ri-
vin. t. 63. Moris. hift. S. 11. t. 11. f. 12. Pet.
herb. t. 33. f. 4)
Great Henbit. Anglis.
In cultivated ground frequent. 0. VI.
The lower leaves ſtand on footſtalks, are com-
monly divided into three lobes, and crenated on
the edges : the upper leaves are very wide, fef-
file, deeply cut or lobed, growing oppoſite, and
touching each other at their baſe : the flowers
are red, ſeſfile, and grow ten or twelve in a
whirl : the Galea or upper lip of the flower is
oval, downy, and three times ſhorter than the
tube of the Corolla.
X 3
GALEOPSIS

310 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
GALEOPSIS. Gen. pl. 717.
Corollæ labium ſuperius ſubcrenatum, fornicatum ;
labium inferius ſupra bidentatum.
tedrahit 1.
GALEOPSIS internodiis caulinis ſuperne incraſſa-
tis, verticillis ſummis fubcontiguis, calycibus
ſubpungentibus. Lin. Syft. nat. p. 393. Sp. pl.
810. (Ger. em. 709. f. 1. Rivin. t. 31)
Nettle-Hemp, or Hemp-leav'd dead Nettle. Anglis.
In corn fields and hedges. 0. VIII.
The ſtalk is erect, from two to four feet high,
branched, covered with rigid hairs, and gouty
juſt under the joints: the leaves are of an oval-
lanceolate figure, nervous, ſerrated, and fup-
ported on foot talks: the flowers are either pur-
ple or white, with a ſpot on the lower lip, vari-
gated with purple and yellow : the Corolla is
twice as long as the Calyx.
var. B. There is a very beautiful variety of this common
in corn fields, with large yellow flowers, four
times as long as the Calyx, having the middle
ſegment of the lower lip purple. This is made
by Haller a diſtinct ſpecies. (vid. fig. Rivin. t. 32.
Barrelier ic. 1158. Ger. em. 709. f. 2? Pluk. t.
41. f. 4)
galeobdolon GALEOPSIS verticillis fexfioris ; involucro tetra-
phyllo. Sp. pl. 810. (Ger. em. 702. f. 2. Rivin.
f. 20. Mor. hiſt. S. JI. t. 11. f. 5. Pet. herb. t.
2.
33. f. 6)
Yellow

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
311
a
Yellow Archangel. Anglis.
Anglis.
In woods and ſhady places in the lowlands, but not
common. 4. V. VI.
The root throws out long procumbent offsets : the
leaves are oval and oblong, and doubly indented :
the flowers are large and yellow, and grow from
ten to eighteen in a whirl: the upper lip is longer
than the lower, erect, and Nightly crenated at the
top: the lower lip is trifid, the lateral ſegments
being quadrangular, the middle one longeſt, and
mark'd with ſaffron-color'd ſtreaks. This ſpe-
cies is rank'd under the genus of Leonurus, by
Scopoli, in his Flor. Carniol. No. 715. and un-
der Cardiaco, by Haller, hiſt. No. 275.
BETONICA. Gen. pl. 718.
Cal. ariſtatus. Corolla labium ſuperius aſcendens,
planiuſculum; tubus cylindricus.
BETONICA ſpica interrupta, corollarum lacinia
labii intermedia emarginata. Sp. pl. 810. (Ger.
em. 714. f. 1. Rivin. t. 28. Blackwell. t. 46. Mo-
ris. hiſt. S. 11. t. 5. f. 1. ordinis Superioris ad
ſiniſtram. Pet. berb. t. 32. f. 6)
Wood Betony. Anglis.
In woods and on dry banks, but not common.
Upon a bank near Echlin, above the Queen's-
Ferry, in Weſt-Lothian, &c. Sibbald. 24. VIII.
The ſtalk is a foot high, erect, and generally un-
branched : the radical leaves ſtand on footſtalks,
bluntly heart-ſhap'd, wrinkled and crenated : the
uppermoſt
officinalis 1.

312
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
uppermoſt are oval and feffile: the flowers grow
in whirls, forming a ſhort ſpike at the top of the
ſtalk: the BraEtec are of an oval-lanceolate
form, and ſhorter than the flowers: the Calyx
ftands rather erect, divided into two lips, and
having the 2 upper dents recurvd : the flowers are
red, ſtanding open and horizontal, and about 14
in a whirl: the tube of the flower is twice as
long as the Calyx, and the Filaments are hairy.
There is a ſmall mountainous variety of this not
unfrequent, with a ſpike nearly globular. (vid.
Moris. hift. S. 11. t. 5. f. 4. ordinis ſuperioris)
The roots in a ſmall doſe have an emetic quality,
and the powder of the dry'd plant is a good Err-
bine, and readily promotes ſneezing.
a
var. ß.
a
Sylvatica 1.
STACHYS. Gen pl. 719.
Corolle labium fuperius fornicatum ; labium infe-
rius lateribus reflexum ; intermedia majore emar-
ginata. Stamina deflorata verſus latera reflexa.
STACHYS verticillis ſexforis, foliis cordatis peti-
olatis. Sp. pl. 811. (Ger. em. 704. f. 5. Rivin. i'.
26. Blackwell t. 84. bona. Moris. hiſt. S. 11. t. 11.
f. 10. Petiv. herb. t. 32. f. 7.)
Hedge Nettle. Anglis.
In woods and ſhady places not uncommon. O. VII.
VIII.
The whole plant is hairy, erect, a yard high, and
branched: the hairs are jointed: the flowers are
of a deep red color, growing ſix or eight in a
whirl,

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
313
whirl, continued into a long ſpike, deſtitute of
leaves : the upper lip is downy, erect and coved,
and ſtreaked with three deeper-color'd lines: the
middle ſegment of the lower lip is variegated
with white and red waved lines. The whole
plant has a ſtrong fætid ſmell.
paluſtris 2. S. verticillis ſexforis, folis lineari-lanceolatis ſemi-
amplexicaulibus. Sp. pl. 811. (Ger. em. 1005.
Rivin. t. 26. Blackwell. t. 273. Loes. Flor. Pruſ.
ic. 41. Moris. hiſt. S. 11. t. 10. f. 16. Pet. herb.
t. 33. f. 9.)
Clown's All-heal. Angiis.
By the ſides of rivers and lakes, and in low moiſt
grounds not uncommon, and ſometimes in corn
fields. 24. VIII.
The roots are white and tuberous: the ſtalk two or
three feet high: the flowers are red, growing in
whirls, lengthened into a ſpike, commonly ſix,
but ſometimes ten or twelve in a whirl: the mid-
dle ſegment of the lower lip of the Corolla is va-
riegated with ſpots of a deeper color than the
reſt of the flower.
It has a foetid ſmell and bitter taſte, and is reckon'd
a good vulnerary. Swine are fond of the roots,
which are ſweet, and in times of neceſſity they
-
have been eaten by men, either boiled, or dry’d,
and made into bread.
a
a
crvenſis 3. STACHYS verticillis ſexfloris, caule debili, foliis
obtuſis nudiuſculis, corollis calyce vix longiori-
bus.

314
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
bus. Sp. pl. 814. (Rivin. 1. 27. Pet. berb. t. 33.
f. 12.)
Petty Ironwort, or All-heal. Anglis.
In corn fields frequent. 0. VIII.
The ſtalk is ten or twelve inches high, ſquare,
branched and hairy: the leaves are heart-ſhap'd,
obtuſe, bluntly ſerrated, and leſs hairy : the Ca-
lyces are hairy and feffile, and deeply divided in-
to five acute dents, of equal length : the flowers
are Aeſh-color'd, and grow three, four, or five
in a whirl : the lower lip is trifid, the middle
ſegment ſpotted with red, but not emarginated
according to the character of the Genus.
a
BALLOTA. Gen. pl. 720.
Cal, hypocrateriformis, quinquedentatus, decemítri-
atus. Corolla labium ſuperius crenatum, conca-
vun.
migra i.
BALLOTA foliis cordatis indiviſis ferratis, calyci-
bus acuminatis. Sp. pl. 814. (Ger. em. 701. f. 1.
Rivin. t. 66. Blackwell. t. 136. Moris. hift. S. 11.
t. 9. f. 14. Pet. herb. t. 32. f. 4)
Stinking Horehound. Anglis.
In waſte places near towns and villages, but not
common. Dr. Parſons & Sibbald. 2. VIII.
The Aowers grow in whirls, upon branched pe-
duncles, and lean on one ſide of the ſtalk : they
are commonly of a dull red color, but ſometimes
white.
The plant has a strong foetid ſmell, and has been
ſometimes
a

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
315
ſometimes recommended in hyſteric caſes, but is
at preſent little uſed.
a
MARRUBIUM. Gen. pl. 721.
Cal. hypocrateriformis, rigidus, 10-ſtriatus. Corolla
labium ſuperius 2-fidum, lineare, rectum.
vulgere 1. MARRUBIUM dentibus calycinis ſetaceis uncina-
tis. Sp. pl. 816. (Ger. emac. 693. f. 1. Rivin. t.
67. Blackwell. t. 479. Pet. herb. t. 32. f. 3.)
White Horehound. Anglis.
In waſte places and by way-ſides near towns and
villages, but not common, as about Burntiſand,
&c. 4. VIII.
Several rigid erect ſtalks ariſe from the root a cubit
high : the leaves are of a bluntly oval or rounded
form, deeply wrinkled, hoary, and crenated on
the edges : the powers are white, and grow in
thick feffile whirls, fifty or more in each. The
mouth of the Calyx is downy, and ſubtended by
linear Bračteæ : the middle ſegment of the lower
lip of the Corolla is crenulated: the flowers fade
without falling out of the Calyces.
It has a ſtrong and ſomewhat mulky ſmell, and bit-
ter taſte. It is reputed attenuant and reſolvent.
An infuſion of the leaves in water, ſweetened
with honey, is recommended in aſthmatic and
pthiſicky complaints, and moſt other diſeaſes of
the breaſt and lungs.
LEONURUS.

316
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA
LEONURUS. Gen. pl. 722.
Anthera punctis nitidis adſperſæ.
Cardiaca* I LEONURUS foliis caulinis lanceolatis trilobis.
Sp. pl. 817. (Ger. em. 705. Rivin. t. 20. Black-
well. t. 171. Miller. ic. 80.)
Motherwort. Anglis.
It is ſometimes found amongſt rubbiſh near houſes,
but is probably only the outcaſt of gardens. Ở ?
VIII.
The ſtalk is a yard high or more, and much
branched : the flowers are of a pale red, and
grow in thick ſeffile whirls : the Calyx is ſtreaked
with five green lines, and every exterior one ſub-
tended by a ſetaceous Bractea : the upper lip of
the Corolla is entire, and externally hairy : the
middle ſegment of the lower lip is marked with
red ſpots: the filaments are hairy, and the An-
there have ſometimes three or four white round
ſeminal particles to be ſeen upon them, which
Linnæus has made the characteriſtic of the genus.
Theſe particles are however leſs conſpicuous in
this than in the other ſpecies of this family.
30
CLINOPODIUM. Gen. pl. 725.
Involucrum multiſetum, verticillo fubjectum.
ou gore I.
CLINOPODIUM capitulis fubrotundis hiſpidis,
bracteis ſetaceis. Sp. pl. 821. (Ger. em. 675. f. 2.
livin. t. 43. Moris. bift. S. 8. t. 11. f. 1. ordinis
Tuperioris. Pet. herb. t. 32. f. 9)
PVC
Great

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
317
Great Wild Bafil. Anglis.
In woods and dry expoſures, but not very common.
I obſerved it in the woods about Dunkeld, and at
Duplin, and Dr. Parſons found it in Coryton
woods, near Edinburgh. In Buden hill, near the
Rippis, in West Lothian. Sibbald. 24. VIII.
The whole plant is hairy and ſoft to the touch,
about a foot and a half high : the leaves are
oval, and ſcarcely indented : the flowers are of
a pale red, growing in thick whirls (40 in a whirl)
on branched peduncles, one of the whirls al-
ways terminating the ſtalk and branches: the
Calyx is very hairy, and the Corolla prominent
and much longer than the Calyx.
The ſmell of this plant is ſomewhat aromatic, and
not unpleaſant.
vulgare 1.
ORIGANUM. Gen. pl. 726.
Strobilus tetragonus, fpicatus, calyces colligens.
ORIGANUM fpicis fubrotundis paniculatis con-
glomeratis, bracteis calyce longioribus ovatis. Sp.
pl. 824, (Ger. em. 666. f. 4. Rivin. t. 60. Black-
well. t. 280. Moris. hiſt. S. 11. t. 3. f. 12. Pet.
herb. t. 34. f. 8)
Wild Marjoram. Anglis.
In dry mountainous and rocky places, as about
Dunkeld, Duplin, and in the den of Bethaick,
near Perth, &c, 24. VIII.
The ſtalk is round, a cubit high, and branched :
the

318
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
3
the leaves are a little hairy, nearly oval, punc-
tated, and entire on the edges : the flowers are
generally red: the Bracted oval and red like-
wiſe: the Stamina are longer than the flower.
The ſmell is aromatic; the taſte ſomewhat acrid :
it ſtands recommended in aſthmatic complaints,
but is rarely uſed.
It dyes yarn of a deep red color.
In ſome parts of Sweden the common people put it
into their ale to give it an intoxicating quality,
and to prevent its turning four.
I.
THYMUS. Gen. pl. 727.
Calyces bilabiati, faux villis claufa.
ſerpyllum 1. THYMUS Aoribus capitatis, caulibus decumben-
tibus, foliis planis obtufis bafi ciliatis. Sp.pi. 825.
(Ger. em. 570. f. 1. Vaill. Paris. t. 32. f. 7, 8, 9,
Moris. hift. f. 11. t. 17. f. 1. ordinis ſuperioris. Ri-
vin t. 42)
Mother of Thyme. Anglis.
Lus-mhic-ri-Breatuinn. Gaulis.
In dry mountainous places common. 2. VII. VIII.
There is a variety of this plant frequent, with the
var. B.
leaves and ſtalks all over hairy. (vid. Vaill. Peris.
1. 32. f. 6. Ger. em. 571. f. 8)
There is yet another variety, having the ſummits
of the branches formed into woolly heads : this
is occaſioned by a ſpecies of inſect of the Chermes
var. Y
kind.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
319
acinos 2.
kind. The ſame thing is frequently obvious in
the Veronica chamædrys, Ceraſtium, & Glecoma.
The flowers of thymie are commonly of a bright
purple, but they vary much both in ſize and
color.
It has a pleaſant aromatic ſcent, and is eſteemed a
good nervine. An infuſion of it by way of tea
is reputed to be an almoſt infallible cure for that
troubleſome diſorder, the Incubus, or Night-mare.
THYMUS floribus verticillatis, pedunculis uni-
foris, caulibus erectis ſubramoſis, foliis acutis
ſerratis. Lin. Syft. nat. 399. Sp: pl. 826. (Ger.
em. 675. f. 1. Rivin. 1. 43. Pet. herb. t. 32, f.
10. Moris. hift. f. 11. 1. 18. f. 1. ordinis ſuperioris)
Small wild Baſil, Anglis.
In dry mountainous places, and gravelly ſoils, but
not common. 0. VIII.
The ſtalk is rigid and branched : the leaves are oval
and acuminated, indented above the middle, but
entire at the baſe : the Calyx on the under fide
bulges at the baſe, and is ſtreaked with eleven
ciliated ridges. They grow from five to eight
in a whirl. The flower is violet-color'd, the
middle ſegment of the lower lip ſpotted with
white or yellow.
The whole plant has a pleaſant aromatic ſmell.
SCUTELLARIA. Gen. pl. 734.
Calyx ore integro, poft floreſcentiam claufo, oper-
culato.
SCUTTELLARIA

320
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.
galericu-
lata 1.
SCUTTELLARIA foliis cordato-lanceolatis cre-
natis, foribus axillaribus. Sp. pl. 835. (Ger.en.
477. f. 10. Rivin. t. 77. Pet, herb. t. 34. f. 10)
Blue Scull-cap, or hooded Willow. herb. Anglis.
On the ſides of rivers and lakes not uncommon.
2. VIII.
The ſtalks are erect, a cubit high, quadrangular,
and branched: the Calyx conſiſts of two leaves,
repreſenting a helmet or cap, which affords an
excellent characteriſtic to the genus: the flowers
are blue, and grow in pairs from the Ala of the
leaves, both looking horizontally on the ſame
ſide of the ſtalk. The lower lip of the Corolla
is ſpotted with white.
The plant is bitter, and has a garlick ſinell.
:
minor 2.
S. foliis cordato-ovatis ſubintegerrimis, foribus
axillaribus. Sp. pl. 835. (Ger. em. 581. f. 3. Mo-
ri s. hift. S. 11. t. 20. f. 8. ordinis inferioris. Pet.
berb. t. 34. f. 11.)
Little red Scull cap, or Willow-herb. Anglis.
On the ſides of lakes and in boggy places not un-
frequent. 4. VIII.
This is about five or ſix inches high, and the flowers
pale red.
PRUNELLA. Gen. pl. 735.
Filamenta bifurca, altero apice antherifera. Stigma
bifidum.
PRUNELLA.

ON
OP
MA

XIV
d
a
b
F
2
Bartsia
Viscosa. P.32
Moses Griffiths det
2. Slazdel seup

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
321
vulgaris I. PRUNELLA foliis omnibus ovato-oblongis petio-
latis. Sp. pl. 837. (Ger. em. 632. f. 1. Miller ic.
70. f.2. Rivin. t. 29. Blackwell. t. 24. Moris. hiſt.
f. 11. t. 5.f. 1. ordinis ſuperioris ad dextram. Per.
herb. t. 32. f. 11.)
Self-heal. Anglis.
In moiſt and barren paſtures frequent, 2. VIII.
The ſtalk is branched, from ſix to twelve inches
high: the flowers grow in cloſe cylindrical heads
or ſpikes, at the ſummits of the branches: the
upper lip of the Calyx is truncated, and has three
ſhort bearded dents : the lower lip is bifid, and
the dents bearded : the Braxtea are heart-ſhapa,
and both thoſe and the Calyces hairy: the Corolla
is generally of a blueiſh purple, but often varies
in color : the lips of the Calyx cloſe together,
after the flower falls, in order the better to fe-
cure the embryo ſeeds.
It is aſtringent and vulnerary, but is rarely uſed at
preſent, except by the common people, who
bruiſe and apply it to freſh wounds, and take it
in broths and apozems for ſpitting of blood, and
uſe it by way of injection in the Bloody-Flux, and
other Hemorrhages.
ANGIOSPERM I A.
BARTSIA. Gen. pl. 739.
Cal. bilobus, emarginatus, coloratus. Corolla mi-
nus ipſo calyce coloi ata, labio ſuperiore longiore.
riſcoſa.
BARTSIA foliis fuperioribus alternis ferratis, Alo-
Y
ribus

322
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
ribus diſtantibus lateralibus. Lin. Syft. nat. 405.
Sp. pl. 839. (Pluk. alm. t. 27. f. 5. Barrel. ic.
665. Pet. herb. t. 36. f. 6)
Yellow Marſh Eye-bright. Anglis.
In bags and marſhes, but rare, as about Loch-Goyl
near Loch-Long, in the diſtrict of Cowal, in Ar-
gyleſbire. O. VIII.
The ſtalk is erect, about ten or twelve inches high,
downy and unbranched: the leaves are ſeſſile and
ſpear-ſhap'd, and a little viſcous: the Calyces are
viſcous, and grow ſingle from the Ale of the
leaves: the flowers are yellow : the plant dries
black,
RHINANTHUS. Gen. pl. 740.
Cal. 4-fidus, ventricoſus. Capſula 2-locularis, ob-
tufa, compreffa.
criſta galli. RHINANTHUS corollis labio ſuperiore com-
preſſo breviore. Lin. Syft. nat. 405. Sp. pl. 840.
(Ger. em. 1071. fig. ſuprema. Rivin. t. 92. Morisa
hift. S. 11. t. 23. f. 1. ordinis ſecundi)
Yellow-Rattle, or Cock’s-Comb. Anglis.
In meadows and dry paſtures common. ©. VII.
The whole plant is ſmooth, and about a foot high :
the leaves are ſeſſile, of an oval-lanceolate figure,
and ferrated : the powers are yellow, and grow
in a foliaceous ſpikes, leaning on one ſide of the
ſtalks : the Calyx is large, roundiſh, compreſſed,
inflated, and has four dents : the Galea, or up-
per lip has bifid auricles of a blueiſh color : the
capſules and feeds have a membranaceous margin.
There
а

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
323
var. B.
There is a pretty variety of this with a ſmaller
flower, and the lower lip purple.
The ſeeds of both, when ripe, rattle in their cap-
ſules, and indicate the time of hay-harveſt.
It has a bitter and ſomewhat acrid taſte, but is eaten
by cattle.
EUPHRASIA. Gen. pl. 741.
Cal. 4-fidus, cylindricus. Caps. 2-locularis, ovato-
oblonga. Antheræ inferiores altero lobo bafi fpi-
nofæ.
officinalis 1. EUPHRASIA foliis ovatis lineatis argutè dentatis.
Sp. pl. 841. (Ger. em. 663. Rivin. t. 9o. Black-
well. t. 427. Moris. hiſt. S. 11. t. 24. f. 1)
Anglis. Eyebright.
Gaulis. Rein-an-ruiſg.
In dry barren paſtures frequent. 0. VII.
The plant is from three to fix inches high, erect,
and branched : the leaves grow oppoſite, ſeſſile,
and in pairs: the fowers grow from the Ale of
the leaves, on ſhort footſtalks, forming a ſpike
at the ſummits of the branches: the Corolla va-
ries in color, but the upper lip is generally pur-
pliſh, ſtreaked with lines, the lower lip white and
ſtreaked, and marked with a yellow ſpot at its
baſe.
It has been reputed good for ſore eyes, but the gen-
tlemen of the faculty have declared it does more
harm than good in applications of that kind,
there having been inſtances of perſons rendered
almoſt
Y a

324
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
almoſt blind by the uſe of it The highlanders
do however ſtill retain the practice of it, by mak-
ing an infuſion of it in milk, and anointing the
patient's eyes with a feather dipped in it.
odontites 2.EUPHRASIA foliis linearibus, omnibus ferratis. Sp.
pl. 841. (Ger. em. 91. f. 3. Moris. hiſt. S. 11. t.
.
24. f. 15.
Pet. herb. t. 36. f. 7.)
Red Eye-bright. Anglis.
In Corn fields and by way fides not uncommon.
O. VIII, IX.
The ſtalk is erect, greatly branched, and ten or
twelve inches high. The flowers are read and
grow in ſpikes, all leaning on one ſide of the
branches. The Anthere are ferrugineous, hav-
ing all their lobes alike acuminated.
The whole plant has commonly a reddiſh or fuf-
cous appearance.
MELAMPYRUM. Gen. pl. 742.
Cal. 4-fidus. Corolla labium ſuperius compreſſum,
margine replicato. Caps. 2-locularis obliqua,
hinc dehiſcens. Semina duo, gibba.
pratenſe 1. MELAMPYRUM Aoribus fecundis lateralibus ;
foliorum conjugationibus remotis, corollis clauſis.
Lin. Syft nat. 406. Sp. pl. 843. (HORTUS Aich-
Stett. eſtiv. ord. 12. t. 2. f. 2.
Meadow Cow-wheat. Anglis.
In dry mountainous paſtures and woods not uncom-
mon. ©. VII.
The ſtalk is a foot or eighteen inches high, horizon-
tally

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. 325
tally branched. The lower leaves are of a nar-
row ſpear-fhaped form, and commonly intire.
The middle ones have a few large dents at their
baſe, but are often intire. The upper floral ones
are halbert-ſhaped or trifid, having the dents or
hooks at the baſe reflexed. The flowers grow in
pairs from the Ala of the leaves, feffile, and turn-
ed to the ſame ſide of the ſtalk. The Corolla is
white, except the Galea which is yellow, with a
pale margin; and the lower lip is marked with
two prominent deep yellow dots. The tube
of the corolla is long, white, Nender and wrink-
led; the lips of it are cloſed together like the
mouth of a fiſh. The Antheræ cohere together.
Linnæus tells us, that where this plant abounds,
the yelloweſt and beſt butter is made.
Sylvaticum MELAMPYRUM foribus fecundis lateralibus,
foliorum conjugationibus remotis, corollis hiant-
tibus. Lin. Syft. nat. 406. Sp. pl. 843. (Ger.
em. 91. f. 1. Moris. hift. S. 11. t. 23. f. 3. flori-
bus inapertis. Oed. Dan. t1.45. cum floribus aper.
tis. optimè.)
Yellow Cow-wheat. Anglis.
In woods, but not common. O. VII.
The leaves in this kind are generally quite intire.
The flowers not above half ſo long as in the
preceding, their lips not cloſed together, but
gaping open, and the whole Corolla (tube and all)
of a deep yellow colour.
2.
Y 3
LATHRÆA.

326
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
I.
a
LATHRÆA. Gen. pl. 743.
Cal. 4-fi&tus. Glandula depreſſa ad baſin ſuturas
germinis. Capſula i-locularis.
Squamaria LATHRÆA caule fimpliciſſimo, corollis pendulis,
labis inferiore trifido. Sp. pl. 844. (Moris. hiſt.
f. 12. t. 16. f. 14. Rivin. t. 89. Blackwell t.
430. Oed. Dan. t. 136. opt.)
Tooth-wort. Anglis.
w In woods and ſhady Places, but not common.
dod At the end of a ſhady walk by the river ſide at Me-
- Innbas vis Bank towards Laſwade, four or five miles
from Edinburg. Dr. Parſons. And in Morvern,
Loteris near the found of Mull, on a dry heathy brae,
abavedon to the eaſt of the houſes of Laggan. Mr. Stuart.
2. IV. V.
The root is branched, and ſurrounded with white
che ſucculent ſcales. The ſtalk is embranched, and
deſtitute of leaves. The flowers grow in a ſpike
all on one ſide of the ſtalk. The Brafted, which
ſubtend the flowers, are large, roundiſh, fleſh-
colored ſcales. The Calyx hairy and whitiſh. The
Corolla pale purple, or Aeſh-color'd, the lower
lip white, and trifid, the upper one intire. The
whole plant is brittle and fucculent, and proba-
bly paraſitical, as it will not bear tranſplanting.
PEDICULARIS. Gen. pl. 746.
Cel. 5-fictus. Caps. 2-locularis, mucronata, obliqua.
Semina tunicate,
paluſtris 1. PEDICULARIS caule ramoſo, calycibus criſtatis
calloſo punctatis, corollis labio obliquis. Lin.
Syft.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
327
a
Syft. nat. 407. Sp. pl. 845. (Rai. 1. R. H. t. 77.
A. D. E. H. I. K.L. Pet. berb. t. 36. f. 3.
Marſh Louſewort. Anglis.
By the ſides of lakes, and in bogs frequent. 0. 7.
The ſtalk is erect, a cubit high, and branch’d. The
leaves are pinnated with about 20 pair of long
Pinne, 'which are again femipinnate with ſhort
indented Pinnula. The flowers grow in a looſe
ſpike from the Ale of the leaves, on ſhort foot-
ftalks. The Calyx is reddiſh, a little hairy, com-
preſs’d ſideways, bulging at the baſe, and has
two of the ſegments criſted, or terminated with
leaf-like appendages. The flowers are purple.
ſylvatica 2. PEDICULARIS caule ramoſo, calycibus oblongis
angulatis lævibus, corollis labio cordato. Sp. pl.
845. (Ger. em. 1077. fig. inferior. Moris. hifi.
f. 11. t. 23. f. 13. Pet. herb. t. 36. f. 4. Oed. Dan.
t. 225. opt.
Common dwarf Louſewort. Anglis.
In wet paſtures and heaths frequent. 0. VI.
oto The ſtalks lie proftrate on the ground : the leaves
are ſimply pinnated, with roundiſh, acutely ſer-
rated pinna. The flowers grow in a cluſter at
the top of the plant and ſparingly on the branches,
feſfile, and of a pale purple or red color. The
lower dent of the Calyx is very ſmall, the others
are criſted.
Theſe plants are rarely eaten by cattle, but when
they are, they are ſuppos’d to make them louſy,
whence the name.
If

328
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA
If this effect really follows, it is more probably ow-
ing to the poverty of the ſoil where the plants
grow, than to any particular quality in the plants
themſelves.
ANTIRRHINUM. Gen. pl. 750.
Col. 5-phyllus, Corolla baſis deorſum prominens,
nectarifera. Caps. 2-locularis.
* Foliis alternis floribus calcaratis.
linaria 1.
ANTIRRHINUM foliis lanceolato-linearibus con-
fertis, caule erecto, fpicis terminalibus ſeſſilibus,
floribus imbricatis. Sp. pl. 858. Ger. em. 550. f.
1. Rivin. t. 83. Blackwell t. 115.)
Common yellow Toad-fax Anglis.
On the borders of corn-fields in many places, as in
Strath-Tay, and between Dunkeld and Blair, &c.
24. VIII.
The ſtalk is 3 or 4 feet high, and often branch’d.
The leaves ſmooth and glaucous: the flowers
are yellow, and grow in ſpikes, at the tops of
the ſtalk and branches. The palate of the Corolla
is hairy and orange-color'd.
B peloria. There is a variety of this plant ſometimes found,
the Corolla having from two to five ſpurs, and the
limb aſſuming a regular pentapetalous appear-
ance; but this is only a monſtrous luxuriance,
as is evident from both kinds being upon the
ſame plant. (vid. fig. Aman. acad. I. 282. t. 3.)
An ointment made of the leaves ſtands recommend-
ed as a cure for the piles.
This is the only ſpecies of Antirrhinum that I ob-
ſerv'd growing wild in Scotland. SCRO-

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
329
a
SCROPHULARIA. Gen. pl. 756.
Cal. 5-fidus. Cor. ſubgloboſa, refupinata. Caps. 2-
locularis.
nodoſa. I. SCROPHULARIA foliis cordatis trinervatis caule.
obtuſangulo. Lin. Syft. nat. p. 413. Sp. pl. 863.
Ger. em. 716.f. 1. Rivin. t. 107. Backwell. t. 87.
Moris. hift. S. 5. t. 8. f. 3. ordinis inferioris. Pet.
herb. t. 35. f. 9.)
Knobby.rooted Fig-wort. Anglis.
In woods and moiſt ground not unfrequent. 4.
VII.
The root is tuberous: the ſtalks are 4 or 5 feet
high, and branch'd towards the top : the leaves
heart ſhap'd, ferrated, and acute. The flowers
are of a dark red color, ſhaped like a cap or
helmet, the lower lip greeniſh: they grow in looſe
dichotomous ſpikes or Racemi. At the top of
the branches.
The leaves have a fætid ſmell, and hitter taſte.
A decoction of them is ſaid to cure hogs of the
meaſles.
An ointment made of the root has been formerly
uſed to cure the piles and ſcrophulous fores, but
is at preſent out of practice.
equatica.2. SCROPHULARIA foliis cordatis obtufis petiola-
tis decurrentibus, caule membranis angulato, ra-
cemis terminalibus. Lin. Syft. nat. 413. Sp. pl.
864. Ger. em. 715. Loes. Fior. Pruſs. 248. ic. 75.
Blackwell t. 86. Moris hift. S. 5. t. 9. f. 4. ordinis
inferioris.

330
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
a
a
inferioris. Pet. herb. t. 35. f. 10. Oed. Dan. t.
507. optimè.)
Water Fig-wort, or Betony-leav'd Figwort. Anglis.
On the ſides of rivulets and other wet places. Dr.
Parſons & Sibbald. 2. VII.
The root is fibrous, the ſtalk quadrangular, the an-
gles membranaceous: the flowers are of a dark
red, or blood color, growing in looſe ſpikes on
branched angular penduncles.
It has a fætid ſmell, but not ſo ſtrong as the pre-
ceding.
wernalis * 3 SCROPHULARIA foliis cordatis, caulinis ternis,
pedunculis axillaribus ſolitariis bifidis. Lin. Man-
tiſs. plantarum altera p. 418. Sp. pl. 864. (Ger.
em. 717. f. 3. Rivin. t. 107. Barrelier. ic. 273.
Bank. Prod. t. 112. Oed. Dan. t. 411. benè.)
Yellow Fig-wort. Anglis.
I obferv'd it about Hoddam caſtle in Annandale ;
probably it was only the outcaſt of a garden.
ď.V.
The ſtalk and leaves are hairy : the flowers oval
and yellow.
DIGITALIS. Gen. pl. 758.
Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. campanulata, 5-fida, ventri-
coſa. Caps. ovata, 2-locularis.
purpurea i.
DIGITALIS calycinis foliolis ovatis acutis, corol-
lis, labio ſuperiore integro. Sp. pl. 866. (Ger. em.
790 f. 1. Tournef. t. 73. A. E. F. K. L. M. Rivin.
104 Blackwell t. 16. Moris, bift. S. 5. 1. 8. f. 1.
ordinis
but

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
331
ordinis fuperioris. Oed. Dan. t. 74. opt.)
Purple Flax-glove. Anglis.
Meuran-fith. Gaulis,
In rough mountainous places not uncommon, as
upon the Corſtorphyn hills near Edinburgº, and
on the hills about Loch-Rannoch in Perthſhire,
and many other places À VII.
The ſtalk is 3 or 4 feet high, erect, and generally
unbranched. The leaves are of an oval-lanceo-
form, ſoft and hairy, and ſerrated on the edges.
The flowers grow pendulous, in a long ſpike, all
on the ſame ſide of the ſtalk. They are of a
purple color, very ſpecious, and marked internally
with pupillary ſpots. It ſometimes varies with
white flowers, but very rarely.
The plant has a bitter quality : ſix or ſeven ſpoon-
fulls of the decoction is a ſtrong enetic and ca-
thartic. It has been found ſerviceable in ſcor-
phulous caſes, taken internally for ſome time,
and the bruiſed leaves or an ointment applied
outwardly.
LIMOSELLA. Gen. pl. 776.
Cal. 5 fidus Cor. 5-fida, æqualis. Stam. per paria
5
approximata. Caps. i-locularis, 2-valvis, poly-
ſperma.
LIMOSELLA. Sp. pl. 881. Moris. hift. S. 15. t.
2.1. Pluk. alm. t. 74. f. 4. Pet. herb. t. 65. f. 12.
Loes. Pruſs. 216. t. 18. Mentz. pug. 2. t. 7. f. 6.
Oed. Dan. t. 69. opt.)
Baſtard
aquatica 1,

332
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
a
Baſtard Plantain. Anglis.
In muddy and gravelly places, where water has
ſtagnated in the winter, but not very frequent. 0.
VIII. IX.
It is a minute creeping plant, producing ſmooth
elliptic leaves in tufos, ftanding on very long
footſtalks. The flower-ſtalks are radical, much
ſhorter than the leaves, and produce each a ſingle
ſmall white flower, of a regular figure, a little hairy
and reddiſh within, containing 4 ftamina, growing
in pairs, two a little higher than the others. The
ſtyle declines to one ſide of the corolla. The cap-
ſule is nearly round.
OROBANCHE. Gen. pl. 779.
Cal. 2-bidus. Cor. ringens. Caps. 1-locularis, 2-val-
vis, polyſperma. Glandula ſub baſi gerninis.
OROBANCHE caule fimpliciſſimo pubeſcente,
ſtaminibus ſubexſertis. Sp. pl. 882. (Ger. em.
1311. f. 2. Moris. Hift. f. 12. t. 16. f. 1.)
Broom-rape. Anglis.
In dry paſture, but rare. Upon the buck of Burnt-
iſland. Sibbald.
The root is a paraſitical bulb, covered with oval-
lanceolate ſcales. It adheres by a fibre to the
root of ſome other plant, commonly of the Dia-
delphous kind, ſuch as broom, &c. The ſtalk is
10 or 12 inches high and Reſhy, having no other
leaves than ſcales, like thoſe of the root. The
flowers grow in a long cylindrical ſpike, each
ſubtended by an oval-lanceolate ſcale or Braztea.
The
major. 1.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
333
The Calyx in this ſpecies is divided only into 4
ſegments, two longer, and two ſhorter. The
Stamina do not project out of the Corolla. The
Antheræ cohere together. The Stigma is yellow,
and bluntly heart-ſhap'd.
The whole plant is of a brown or fuillemort co-
lour.
It has a very aftringent taſte, and ſmells a little like
a
cloves
-
CLASSIS

334
TETRA D YN AM I A.
CLASS I S XV.
TETRA DYNAMIA.
SI L I CU LOS Æ.
* Silicula integra, nec apice emarginata,
DRABA. Silic. valvulis planiuſculis. Stylus nullus.
SUBULARIA. Silic, valvulis ſemiovatis. Stylus
brevior filicula.
MYAGRUM. Silic. valvulis concavis. Stylus
perſiſtens.
** Silicula emarginata apice.
IBERIS. Petala duo exteriora majora.
COCHLEARIA. Silic. cordata : valvulis obtuſis
gibbis.
LEPIDIUM. Silic. cordata : valvulis acutè cari-
natis.
THLASPI. Silic, obcordata : valvulis margina-
to-carinatis.
SILIQUOS Æ.
Calyx clauſus foliolis longitudinaliter conniventibus.
RAPHANUS, Siliq, articulata.
ERYSIMUM. Siliq. tetragona.
CHERANTHUS. Siliq. germine utrinq; glan-
dula notato.
ARABIS,

TETRA DYN AM I A. 335
ARABIS. Glandula 4. intra foliola calycina.
Stigma fimplex.
BRASSICA. Glandula 2 intra ſtamina breviora ;
2 extra ſtamina longiora.
TURRITIS. Petala erecta.
** Calyx nians foliolis ſuperne diſtantibus.
CRAMBE. Siliq. decidua, globoſa, ſicco-baccata.
Filamenta 4 apice bifurca.
4
BUNIAS. Siliq. decidua, fubrotunda, muricata.
CARDAMINE. Silig. dehiſcens : valvulis revo-
lutis.
SINAPIS. Siliq. dehiſcens: Cal. horizontaliter
patens.
SISYMBRIUM. Siliq. dehiſcens : valvulis rectiuſ-
culis. Cel, patulus.
CLASSIS

336
TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA-
CL ASSIS XV.
TETRADY N A MIA.
SILICU LOS A.
I.
MYAGRUM. Gen. pl. 796.
Silicula ftylo conico terminata ; loculo fubmono-
fpermo.
Jativum* 1. MYAGRUM filiculis obovatis pedunculatis poly-
ſpermis. Sp. pl. 894. (Ger. em. 273. f. 3. Moris.
bift. S. 3. t 21. f. 1. ordinis medii ad dextram, &
f. 2. ordinis inferioris.)
Gold of Pleaſure. Anglis.
It is now and then found growing among flax, but
was probably at firſt imported. 0. VI. VII.
The ſtalk is a yard high, erect and branched : the
leaves are ſeſſile, lanceolate and dented ſparingly
on the edges. The flowers are yellow, and grow
in ſpikes.
It is cultivated in Germany for the ſake of the ſeeds,
from which an oil is expreſs’d, made uſe of to
burn in lamps, &c.
It is ſaid that geeſe are very fond of the ſeeds.
SUBULARIA. Gen. pl. 799.
Siliculo integra, ovata : valvis ovatis, concavis, diſ-
ſepimento contrariis. Stylus ſicula brevior.
SUBULARIA.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. 337
:
aquatica 1. SUBULARIA. Sp. pl. 896. (Moris. hiſt. S. 8. t.
10. f. ultim. Pluk. alm. t. 188. f. 5. malè. Oed.
Dan. t. 35. opt. Pet. herb. t. 48. f. 8. bona)
Awl-wort. Anglis.
g. It grows on the borders of the highland lakes, un-
der the water, in a gravelly or ſandy bottom, as
in Loch-Tay, in Breadalbane, &c. Mr. Stuart.
O. VIII.
This plant is about an inch high : the leaves are
awl-ſhap'd, and grow in a cluſter about the root:
the ſtalk is naked, and produces four or five
ſmall white flowers, growing alternately on ſhort
peduncles.
It is very remarkable, that this diminutive plant
flowers under the water; whereas moſt other
aquatic vegetables emerge from that element at
the time of flowering. This power of emergence
ſeems however the leſs neceſſary in this plant, as
the petals are ſcarcely ever ſeen to expand, but
connive together, fo as moſt probably to defend
the impregnating Pollen from the injuries of the
.
water.
verna 1.
DRABA. Gen. pl. 800.
Silicula integra, ovali-oblonga. valvis planiufculis,
diffepimento parallelis. Stylus nullus.
DRABA ſcapis nudis, fol is ſubſerratis. Lin. Syft.
nat. 432. Sp. pl. 896. (Ger. em. p. 624. f. 1. fo-
liis malè expreſſis. Pet. herb. 1. 48. f. 6, 7. melior.
Erguier. veron. P. 329. t. 4. f. 3)
Z
Common

338
TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
Common Whitlow-Graſs. Anglis.
On walls and rocks frequent, as on Saliſbury-Craigs,
&c. 0. IV. V.
The ſtalks are naked, and about two or three inches
high : the leaves are elliptical, a little rough and
hairy, commonly with one or two dents, and
ſometimes more on the edges, and lie flat upon
the ground in a circle round the root: the petals
are white, and deeply Lifid: the Silicula is ellip-
tical and compreſſed: the ſtyle very ſhort.
In rainy weather and in the night the ſtalk and
flowers hang downwards.
a
encana 2,
DRABA foliis caulinis numeroſis incanis, filiculis
oblongis, obliquis, ſubſeſſilibus. Lin. Syſt. nat.
432. Sp. pl. 897. (Pet. herb. t. 48. f. 3 & 4.
Pluk. alm. t. 42. f. 1. melior, Oed. Dan. t. 130.
opt.)
Wreathen-podded Whitlow Graſs. Anglis.
On dry rocky expoſures among the highland moun-
tains not unfrequent. I obſerved it in many dry
places, firſt in the iſland of Iſa, upon dry rocky
banks near the Daniſh fort, afterwards in the ille
of Skye, upon rocks near Duntulm caſtle, and at
Creg-a-chnocaen, near Lead-beg, in Allynt, on the
border of Sutherland, growing together with the
Dryas 8 petala, and in many other places. š.
VI.
The ſtalk is five or fix inches high, hairy, ſtiff,
erect, moſt commonly ſingle, but frequently
branched :
8

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA,
339
branched : the leaves are feſiile, oval-lanceolate,
and ſparingly dented on the edges : the flowers
are white, and grow in a cluſter at the top of the
ſtalk : the petals are ſlightly emarginated; the
pods ſtand on ſhort hairy peduncles, and are
twiſted in a contrary direction to the ſun's diur-
nal motion,
a
LEPIDIUM. Gen. pl. 801.
Silicula emarginata, cordata, polyſperma. valvulis
carinatis, contrariis.
latifoliumi. LEPIDIUM foliis ovato-lanceolatis integris ferra-
tis. sp. pl. 899. (Ger. em. 241. f. 2. Moris. bift.
ſ. 3. t. 21. f. 1. medii ordinis ad ſiniſtram. Pet. herb.
t. 48. f. 10. cum charactere)
Dittander or Pepperwort. Anglis.
Upon the ſea coaſt, as about the caſtle of Weems,
in Fifeſhire, &c. 2. VII.
The ſtalk is a yard high or more, erect and branch-
ed: the leaves are firm, ſmooth, and finely fer-
rated, growing alternately without order, upon
the ſtalk and branches : the flowers are exceed-
ingly ſmall for the ſize of the plant, and white,
very numerous, and grow in cluſtered panicles : :
the Silicula or ſeed-veſſel is heart-ſhap'd, the Style
ſhort, the Stigma globular.
The young
young leaves are eaten ſometimes in fallads;
they have a pungent acrid taſte, and are reckon'd
antiſcorbutic.
Z 2
LEPIDIUM

340
TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
ruderale *2 LEPIDIUM Aoribus diandris apetalis, foliis radi-
calibus dentato-pinnatis, ramiferis linearibus in-
tegerrimis. Sp. pl. 900. (Pet. berb. t. 50. f. 1.
Oed. Dan. t. 184. opt.)
Narrow-leav'd Dittander, or wild Creſs. Anglis.
It is now and then found in waſte places upon the
ſea coaſt near wharfs, but very probably was
imported. o. VI.
The ſtalk is a foot high, and branched : the Calyces
are very ſmall, of a pale yellow color, and grow
in cluſtered ſpikes, or Racemi : it has gēnerally
no petals, and but two Stamina : the Silicula
contains only two ſeeds, one within each valve.
The plant has a foetid ſmell and pungent taſte.
а
arvenſe 1.
THLASPI. Gen. pl. 802.
S:licula emarginata, obcordata, polyſperma. valvu-
lis navicularibus, marginato-carinatis.
THLASPI filiculis orbiculatis, foliis oblongis, den-
tatis glabris. Sp. pl. 901. (Ger. em. 262. f. 1.
Moris. hiſt. f. 3. t. 15. f. 12. Blackwell t, 68)
Treacle Muſtard or Penny-Crefs. Anglis.
In corn fields, but not common, It was obſerved
upon the borders of ſome corn fields near Linton,
in Tweedale, by the Rev. Dr. Burgeſs, of Kirk-
michael. o. VI. VII.
The ſtalk is a foot high, angular and branched :
the leaves are feffile, and embrace the ſtalk at
their bafe: the powers are very ſmall and white :
the

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
341
the Siliculæ are compreſs’d, and remarkably
large, being augmented by a circular membrana-
ceous wing, emarginated at the top: each cell
contains from one to fix feeds.
The plant ſmells of garlick, and in countries where
it abounds, is found often to communicate its
diſagreeable odor to the milk of cows that feed
on it. The ſeeds abound with an oil, uſed for-
merly for the rheumatiſm and ſciatica, but at
preſent is out of practice.
campeſtre 2 T. filiculis fubrotundis, foliis fagittatis dentatis inca-
nis. Sp. pl. 902. (Pet. herb. t. 50. f. 7. bona.)
Mithridate Muſtard. Anglis.
In corn fields and dry gravelly ſoils, but not coin-
mon. Dr. Parſons.
The ſtalk is about a foot high, downy and branched
towards the top : the radical leaves are finuated
at the bale, but oval at the end : thoſe on the
ſtalk, as expreſſed in the Specific difference, but
are numerous, ſeſſile, and embrace the ſtalk at
their baſe: the flowers are ſmall and white, and
grow in cluſters or tufts, which are afterwards
lengthened into ſpikes : the peduncles are downy,
and bear each a ſingle flower : the Silicula is
ſlightly downy, oval, and gibbous underneath,
having two feeds in each cell.
var. .
There is a variety of this with ſmooth leaves,
ſcarcely ferrated, and without ſinuated leaves at
Z 3
the
a

342 TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
the root. (Ger. em. p. 262. f. 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 3.
t. 17. f. 14. Pet. herb. t. 50. f. 8. Blackwell t. 407)
burſa paſto- THLASPI filiculis obcordatis, foliis radicalibus
ris. 3.
pinnatifidis. Sp. pl. 903. (Ger. em. 276. f. 1. Mo-
ris. hiſt. ſ. 3. t. 20. f. 2. ordinis ſuperioris. Pet.
berb. t. 49. f. 4, 5 & 6. Blackwell. t. 5.)
Shepherd's-Purſe. Anglis.
Sporran-buachaill. Gaulis.
In corn fields, gardens, waſte places, and by way-
ſides, common. O. IV-VI.
The Silicula is of the ſhape of an inverted triangle :
the valves are obtuſe, and have no marginal
wing : each cell contains about twelve ſeeds.
var. B. There is a ſmall variety of this plant, not uncom-
mon,
with radical leaves almoſt intire, (vid. Pet.
berb. t. 49. f.7)
It has an inſipid taſte, but is recommended by ma-
ny writers, in hæmorrhagies of all kinds, uſed
both internally and externally, in man and heaft.
a
officinalis i.
COCHLEARIA. Gen. pl. 803.
Silicula emarginara, turgida, ſcabra. valvulis gibbis,
obtufis.
COCHLEARIA foliis radicalibus cordato.fubro-
tundis, caulinis oblongis ſubſinuatis. Lin. man-
tiſs. altero. p. 425. Sp. pl. 903. (Ger. em. 401. f.
1. Moris. hist. S. 3. t. 20. f. 1. Pet. berb. t. 49. f.
1. Blackwel. $ 227. Oed. Dan. t. 135. opt.)
Common

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. 343
Common officinal Scurvygraſs. Anglis.
Biolaire. Gaulis.
Upon rocks on the ſea coaſt, and on the highland
monntains abundantly. 8. V.
The radical leaves ſtand on long footſtalks, are
heart-ſhap'd at the baſe, but rounded and nightly
angular in the circumference, ſmooth, ſucculent,
and of a deep green color : thoſe on the ſtalk
are ſeſſile, oval-lanceolate, embracing the ſtalk
at the baſe, and have now and then a few large
angular dents on the edges : the flowers are white
and ſweet-fcented : the Silicula is oval, gibbous,
and terminated with a ſhort blunt ſtyle : each cell
contains four feeds.
It has an acrid, bitter and acid taſte, and is highly
recommended for the ſcurvy. There are inſtances
of a whole ſhip's crew having been cured of that
diſtemper by it; and as it abounds with acid
ſalts, there can be no doubt but that it is a great
reſiſter of putrefaction. The beſt way of taking
it is raw in a ſallad. It is alſo diuretic, and uſe-
ful in dropſies. The highlanders eſteem it as a
good ſtomachic.
:
a
a
danica 2.
COCHLEARIA foliis haftato-angulatis, omnibus
deltoidibus. Lin. mantiſs. altera. P. 425. Sp. pl.
903. (Ger. em. 271. f. 5. Moris. hiſt. S. 3. f. 21.
f. 3. Pet. herb. t. 49. f. 3. Oed. Dan. t. 100. opt.)
Daniſh Scurvygraſs. Anglis.
Upon the rocks on the ſea coaſt, intermixed now
and

344
TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
and then with the preceding, but not common.
3. V.
The radical leaves are often rounded as in the pre-
ceding, but ſmaller : the ſtalks are weak, and
commonly trail upon the ground: the ſtalk-
leaves are haftate, with an angle or dent on each
ſide near the baſe, and ſtand on ſhort peduncles.
All authors have deſcribed this as a diſtinct ſpecies
from the preceding; we do not therefore preſume
to diffent from the general opinion, otherwiſe we
ſhould be diſpoſed to term it only a variety, as
we have obſerved the limits between them inſen-
fibly vaniſhing into one another.
grønlan-
dica 3
C. foliis reniformibus carnoſis integerrimis. Sp. pl.
904 (Barth. att. 3. p. 143. t. 144.)
Greenland Scurvygrais. Anglis.
Upon the highland mountains, about Loch-Ran-
noch, in Perthſhire, &c. and in the Orknies. Mr.
Stuart. 3. V. VI.
The radical leaves are very ſmall and ſucculent,
convex on the under ſide, and have long thread-
like footſtalks : thoſe on the ſtalk are haftate and
angular, and have ſhort footſtalks. The plant
is not above two inches high, and from the fpe-
cimens we have ſeen, we ſuſpect it to be only a
ſtarv'd variety of the firſt kind.
anglica 4.
COCHLEARIA foliis omnibus ovato-lanceolatis
ſubſinuatis. Sp.pl. 903. (Ger. em. 401, f. 2. Mo-
ris.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 345
ris. hiſt. S. 3. t. 20. f. 2. ordinis inferioris. Pet.
herb. t. 49. f. 2. Oed. Dan. 329. ſed non bona.)
Engliſh Sea Scurvygraſs. Anglis.
In the north by the ſea fide, and upon the rocks of
Inch-Columb. I inſert this on Sibbald's authority
only. . V. VI.
The leaves are ſucculent, and often reddiſh: they
are all oval-lanceolate, but many of them have
often no finuſes, but only an angle on each
ſide, at the baſe : thoſe on the ſtalk are ſeſſile.
Gerard's figure is neareſt to nature.
coronopus 5 C. foliis pinnatifidis, caule depreſo. Lin. syſt. nat.
Sp. pl. 904. (Ger. em. 427. f. 2. Biackwell t. 120.
Oed. Dan. t. 202.)
Swines Creſſes. Anglis.
In moiſt clayey expos'd places by road-fides, but
not common. Sibbald. O. VIII.
The leaves and ſtalks are ſmooth, and lie flat upon
the ground all round the root: the flowers grow
in ſhort axillary tufts, and are white: the ſili-
culæ are kidney-ſhap'd and echinated. Each cell
generally contains one ſeed.
This plant was ſome years ago rendered famous, the
aſhes of it being an ingredient in Mrs. Joanna
Stephens's celebrated medicine for the ſtone and
gravel; but unfortunately for thoſe afflicted with
that excruciating complaint, it has not been able
to ſupport its credit.
It is acrid, and taſtes like garden creſs.
IBERIS.

346
TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.
1
IBERIS. Gen. pl. 804.
Cor. irregularis. petalis duobus exterioribus majori-
bus. Silicula polyſperma, emarginata.
nudicaulis i IBERIS herbacea, foliis ſinuatis, caule nudo ſim-
plici. Sp. pl. 907. (Ger. ens. 257. f. 4. Moris. hiſt.
ſ. 3. t. 19. f. 5. Oed. Dan. t. 323)
Rock Creſſes. Anglis.
On ſandy banks and in gravelly ſoils, but rare.
Sibbald. o. V. VI.
The leaves grow flat upon the earth, all round the
root : they are deeply ſinuated with two or three
pair of oval acute lobes, with an odd rounder
and larger one at the end : the ſtalks ariſe from
the centre of the leaves, unbranched, for the
moſt part naked, and from two to four inches
high: the flowers are white, and grow in tufts
at the top of the ſtalks : the filicula is nearly
heart-ſhap'd, and ſurrounded with a membrana-
ceous wing : each cell generally contains two
feeds.
It is a neat little plant in its growth and appear.
and is diſtinguiſhed from the genus of
Thlafpi, by having the two exterior petals larger
chan the other two,
a
ance,
SILIQUOSA.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
347
SI LI QUOS A.
CARDAMINE. Gen. pl. 812.
Siliqua elafticè deſiliens valvulis revolutis. Stigma
integrum. Cal. ſubtrians.
* Foliis fimplicibus.
petred I. CARDAMINE foliis fimplicibus oblongis dentatis.
Sp. pl. 913. (Dillen. Eltham. t. 61. f. 71. Pluk.
clm. t. 101.f. 3. Pet. herb. t. 50. f. 3. fine flori-
bus. Oed. Dan. t. 386. & fig. noft.)
Alpine Ladies-ſmock. Anglis.
Upon moiſt rocks and by the ſides of rivulets, near
the ſummits of the highland mountains in many
places, as upon Creg.Chailleach, in Breadalbane,
upon a mountain called Beikevell in the iſland of
Rum abundantly, and upon Ben-na-Caillich, in
Strath, in the iſle of Skye. 24. VII.
The ſtalks are from three to fix inches high; they
recline at the baſe, and increaſe by offsets : the
radical leaves are ſometimes only dented on the
edges, but are more frequently deeply ſinuated
with two pair of oval acute lobes, and an odd
one at the extremity : the ſtalk-leaves are leſs
dented, and the uppermoſt are elliptical and en-
tire: the flowers are either white or a little ting’d
with purple: the valves of the Siliqua burſt at
the baſe, but do not coil up like the other ſpe-
cies of this genus.
:
** Foliis

348
TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA,
4
** Foliis pinnatis.
impatiens 2 C. foliis pinnatis inciſis ftipulatis, floribus apetalis.
Sp. pl. 914. (Ger. em. 260. f. 7. Moris. hiſt. S. 3.
t. 4. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 47. f. 7)
Impatient Ladies-ſmock. Anglis.
At the foot of mountains, and in ſhady places,
but rare. Dr. Parſons. 0.V.
The ſtalk is from ſix to twelve inches high, angu-
lar, ſtiff, erect, and a little branched : the radi-
cal leaves have five pair or more of oval Pinne,
which are obtuſely lobed: the ſtalk-leaves are
likewiſe pinnated, but the Pinna are deeply and
acutely dented or lobed, eſpecially on the lower
edge: the flowers grow in erect ſpikes, and the
Siliquæ are almoſt parallel to the ſtalk, and burſt
with great elaſticity when ripe : the petals are
whitiſh, ſmall, and extremely fugacious, but
oftentimes it has no petals at all.
a
hirſuta 3. CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis, floribus tetrandris.
Sp. pl. 915. (Berrelier. ic. 455. Pet. herb. 47. f.
4. Scopoli. Flor. Carniol. t. 38. Moris. hiſt. f. 3. t.
4. f. 11.)
Hairy Ladies-ſmock. Anglis.
In gravelly foils, and often on moiſt rocks, and by
the ſides of rivulets. Under Saliſbury-Craig. Dr.
Parſons. O. V.,
The radical leaves are numerous, and lie upon the
ground in a circle round the root : they have
three or four pair of roundiſh diſtant Pinne, with
a larger

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 349
a larger odd one at the end : theſe Pinna ſtand
on ſhort footſtalks, are generally a little hairy,
and have one or two flight dents on the edges,
the extreme one often obſcurely divided a little
way down into three lobes: the ſtalk-leaves are
ſimilar, but more oval, and narrower, and ſome-
times lanceolate : the ſtalks are generally hairy,
angular, from four to eight inches high, branched
and ſeveral from the ſame root : the petals are
ſmall and white, about as long again as the ca-
lyx : the flowers have often the two ſhorter ſta-
mina deficient, but we frequently find them re-
gular with all fix viſible: the filiquæ burſt with
an elaſtic force. The young leaves are a good
fallad.
pratenſis 4.
CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis, foliolis radicalibus
fubrotundis, caulinis lanceolatis. Sp. pl. 915.
(Ger. em. 259. f. 1, 2. Blackwell t. 227. Moris,
hift. S. 3. t. 4. f. 7. Pet. herb. t. 47. f. 5)
Common Ladies-ſmock, or Cuckow-power. Anglis.
In wet paſtures and by the ſides of rivulets frequent.
4. V.
The radical leaves have generally about fix pair of
Pinna, nearly heart ſhap’d, with a few angular
dents on the edges: the ſtalk is a foot high,
erect, round and fiftular : the petals are white,
or tinged with purple, with deeper veins, and
yellow ungues, and almoſt half an inch long : the
leaves are very acrid, and the flowers have
lately
:

350
TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
lately had ſome repute in the cure of epileptic
fits.
amara 5
C. foliis pinnatis, axillis ſtoloniferis. Sp. pl. 915.
(Naſturtium pyrenaicum &c. Herman. Paradiſ. pl.
203. Bauh. Prodrom. p. 45. fig. ad ſiniſtram. Pet.
herb. t. 47. f. 1.)
Bitter Creſſes. Anglis.
By the ſides of rivulets and in moiſt places, but
not common : by the new well on the water of
Leith. Dr. Parſons. 4. V.
The leaves have generally three pair of oval-angu-
lar Pinna, with an odd one at the end : the ſtalk
leaves are of the ſame figure, and nearly of the
fame ſize with the radical ones: the ſtalks are
angular, and a foot high or more: the petals are
quite white, erect, and four times longer than
the leaves of the calyx : the anthere are red :
the ſtolones, or young runners from the ala of
the leaves, as njentioned in the ſpecific difference,
are not always to be found : the young leaves
are acrid and bitteriſh, but do not taſte amiſs in
ſallads.
SISYMBRIUM. Gen. pl. 813.
Siliqua dehiſcens valvulis rectiuſculis. Calyx patens.
Corolia patens.
Siliquis declinatis brevibus.
nieſturtium SISYMBRIUM filiquis declinatis, foliis pinnatis,
foliolis
aquaticum I

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 351
foliolis ſubcordatis. Sp. pl. 916. (Ger. em. 257.
f. 5. Moris. hiſt. f. 3. t. 4. f. 8. Blackwell t. 260)
Water-creſſes. Anglis.
On the brinks of rivulets frequent. 4. $. VII.
The leaves have from four to eight pair of ſmooth,
ſucculent and feffile Pinnæ : the flowers are ſmall-
and white, and grow in ſhort ſpikes or tufts.
The young leaves are well known to furnish an
agreeable ſallad, and have always been eſteem'd
as an excellent antiſcorbutic : they are ſaid like-
wiſe to be beneficial in removing obſtructions of
the viſcera, and in the jaundice.
fylveſtre 2. SISYMBRIUM filiquis declinatis oblongo-ovatis,
foliis pinnatis, foliolis lanceolatis ferratis. Lin.
Syft. nat. p. 439. Sp. pl. 916. (Ger. em. 248. f. 6.
Moris. bit. S. 3. t. 6. f. 17. Pet. herb. t. 46.f. 5)
Water-Rocket. Anglis.
By water-lides and in waſte places, but not com-
mon. Dr. Parſons & Sibbald. 2. VII. VIII.
The ſtalk reclines at the baſe, but is erect after-
wards, ſmooth, ftriated and branched : the leaves
have from three to ſix pair of Pinna, which are
lanceolate, ſharply indented, generally alternate,
and feffile upon a wide rib: the flowers are ſmall
and yellow: the calyx yellowiſh : the filique
ſtand on horizontal peduncles, and are cury'd a
little upwards, ſo as to ſtand almoſt parallel to
the branches.
:
S. filiquis

352
TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
amphibium S. filiquis declinatis oblongo-oyatis, foliis pinnatifi-
3
dis ferratis. Sp. pl. 917. (Baub. Prod. t. 38. fig.
ad dextram. Moris. hift. S. 3. t. 7. f. 3. ordinis in-
ferioris. Pet. herb. 1. 49. f. 9)
Amphibious Rocket, or jagged Water-Radiſh.
Anglis.
By the ſides of ditches, and where water has ſtag-
nated, but not common. Sibbeld. 2. VII.
The leaves of this have four or five pair of oval
ſerrated Pinne, growing ſeſfile upon a wide foli-
aceous rib, with an odd one at the end, divided
into three lobes: the ſtalk is angular, and has
many flexures among the flowering branches: the
flowers are ſmall and yellow : the petals ſhorter
than the calyx.
Baquaticum There is a variety of this with leaves entire, or
only ſerrated on the edges. (vid. Bauh. Prodrom.
t. 38. fig. ad. ſiniſtram. Ger. em. 240. f. 2. Moris.
hift. S. 3. t. 7. f. 4. ordinis inferioris. Pet. herb. t.
49. f. 8.)
Broad-leav'd Water-Radiſh. Anglis.
This grows with its root under water, in ditches
and lakes. 2. VI. VII.
Tke leaves, which are immerſed under water, are
pinnated with narrow linear Pinna, but thoſe out
of the water are lanceolate, and either ſerrated on
er the edges, or a little jagged: the petals are yel-
low, and longer than the calyx. The whole
plant has an acrid taſte.
** Caule

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOŠA.
353
** Caule nudo.
monenſe 4. SISYMBRIUM acaule, foliis pinnato-dentatis ſub-
piloſis, ſcapis lævibus. Lin. mantiſs. altera. p.
427. Sp. pl. 918. (Dillen. Eltham. t. 111. f. 135.
& fig. noft.)
Ine of Man Rocket. Anglis.
On the ſea ſhores in fandy ſoils in many places, as
in the iſle of Bute, about a mile to the ſouth of
Mountſtewart, on the weſt ſide of the iſle of Ar-
ran, not far from Druim-an-duin, beyond Carn-
obris Baan, and at Lamlaſh bay, on the Arran fide
to be abundantly, and in Cantire, on the weſtern ſide,
lored to between Machrianiſl bay and Barr, &c. 2? VI.
VII.
The radical leaves have five or ſix pair of diſtant,
oval-acute, deeply-indented pinne, growing ſome
alternate, and ſome oppoſite to each other, in-
creaſing in ſize towards the end of the leaf,
la tot 21 which is terminated with a larger one, divided a
2dow little way down into three lobes, which are in-
dented : theſe leaves have generally a few ſcat-
tered hairs upon them, eſpecially about their
foot talks. Several ſmooth, reclining ſtalks ariſe
from the centre of the leaves, ten or twelve
inches long, which have commonly one leaf to-
wards their baſe, having linear pinne a little in-
dented on their lower edges: the leaves of the
calyx are cloſed together, and hairy at their ſum-
A a
mits :

354
TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA,
mits : the petals are yellow, with an entire mar-
gin, and twice as long as the calyx.
ditengab
calda
*** Foliis pinnatis.
Sophia 5. SISYMBRIUM petalis calyce minoribus, foliis de-
compoſito pinnatis. Sp. pl. 920. (Ger. em. 1068.
f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 46, f. 12. Blackwell. t. 440.
Oed. Dan. t. 528. opt.)
to do
Flix-Weed. Anglis.
Mooi In waſte places near towns and villages, not un-
common, O. VIII.
The ſtalk is a cubit high, erect, and greatly
branched : the leaves are a little hairy and ſoft,
IVO doubly pinnated; the pinnula linear : the petals
are yellow, very ſmall, and not above half the
b lu length of the calyx : the leaves of the calyx ſtand
open : the ſtamina are longer than the calyx : the
ſiliquæ are ſtrait, parallel to the ſtalk, and grow
die very quick.
bobivio A drachm of the feeds of this plant was formerly
oid much uſed in dyſenteries, and to expell worms,
but is out of the preſent practice.
990
ERYSIMUM. Gen. pl. 814.
Siliqua columnaris, exactè tetraëdra. Cal. clauſus.
officinale 1.
PERYSIMUM filiquis fcapo adpreſſis, foliis runci-
natis. Sp. pl. 922. (Ger. em. 254. f. 1. Moris. hiſt.
S. 3. t. 3. f. 1. ordinis medii Per. herb. t. 46. f. 3.
Blackwell t. 28)
Hedge-muftard. Anglis.
undlam
In

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 355
20. In waſte places, and by way-fides not uncommon.
tvo O. VI.
The ſtalk is erect, two or three feet high, and
branched: the leaves are hairy, and pinnated
either with erect, or reverſely hooked pinna :
their anterior parts deeply cut or jagged, the
odd one at the extremity very large and triangu-
lar: the upper leaves are trifid, with a pair of
pinna under the triangular ſegment: the flowers
grow in ſpikes very ſmall and yellow : the filique
are round, hairy, ſubulated at the end, longi-
tudinally ſtreaked, erect, and preſſed ſo cloſe to
the branches, as to make them appear naked.
a
barbarea 2. ERYSIMUM foliis lyratis, extimo ſubrotundo.
Sp. pl. 922. (Ger. em. 243. Moris. hiſt. ſ. 3. t. 5.
f. 11. & 12. Pet. herb. t. 46. f. 1.)
Winter Creſſes, or Rocket. Anglis.
On the banks of ditches and rivulets, but not very
ad
common. By the the ſide of the water of Leith.
en bus Pen Dr. Parſons. 1. V.
bro
.
The ſtalk is a foot and a half high, erect, ſmooth,
furrow'd, and branched : the leaves are ſmooth,
of a dark green, and have two or three pair of
roundiſh alternate or conjugate lobes, connected
to a broad foliaceous rib, the extreme lobe be-
ing much the largeſt, and either of an oval, or
bluntly rhomboidal figure, ſlightly dented on the
edges : the flowers grow in thick ſpikes, and are
yellow : the peduncles are compreſſed, and qua-
A a 2
drangular:

356
TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
drangular: the filiquæ are ſhort, erect, round, or
ſlightly quadrangular : the seeds are oval, finely
dotted, and reticulated.
The young leaves in the ſpring are ſometimes eaten
in ſallads, but to moſt people they have a bitter
unpleaſant taſte.
alliaria 3. ERYSIMUM foliis cordatis. Sp. pl. 922. (Ger.
em. 794. Moris. hift. S. 3. t. 10 f. 6. Blackwell 6.
372)
Jack-by-the-hedge, or Sauce-alone. Anglis.
In hedges and waſte places; under Saliſbury craigs,
&c. Dr. Perſons. 2. V. VI.
The ſtalks are a yard high; the branches nearly
erect; the leaves thin, flaccid, and ſerrated,
ſmelling-like garlick when bruiſed: the flowers
are white: the ſliquæ hardly quadrangular, but
round, with two lateral elevated lines, the mid-
dle ones ſcarcely prominent : the membrane
which runs between the valves is ſpongy, and the
ſeeds, which are cylindrical and furrow'd, are
imbedded in it.
The leaves were formerly in uſe for ſeaſoning fa-
voury diſhes, but are at preſent little regarded,
the different kinds of Allium being eſteemed
inuch more preferable.
An outward application of them is recommended
by Boerhave, and others, in gangreens and can-
cerous ulcers.
An

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 357
An inſect called by Linnæus Curculio Alliariæ breeds
in the ſtalks.
cbeiran-
thoides 4.
E. foliis lanceolatis integerrimis, filiquis patulis.
Lin. Syft. nat. p. 441. Sp. pl. 923. (Ger. em. 273.
f. 4. Moris. hiſt. S. 3. t. 5. f. 7. Pet. herb. t. 45.
f. 2)
Treacle Worniſeed. Anglis.
In corn fields, but not common. Sibbald. o. VII.
VIII.
The ſtalks are a cubit high, erect, and branched :
the leaves are ſeſſile, elliptical and acute, ſlightly
dented on the edges, and rough to the touch,
being covered with very ſhort hairs : the flowers
are yellow and ſmall, the petals oval : the calyx
not gibbous at the baſe : the ſiliqua an inch long,
erect, and bluntly quadrangular. I have in-
ſerted this ſpecies as a native on the authority of
Sibbald only.
cheiri 1.
CHEIRANTHUS. Gen. pl. 815.
Germen utrinque denticulo glandulato. Cal. clauſus,
foliolis duobus baſi gibbis. Semina plana.
CHEIRANTHUS foliis lanceolatis acutis glabris,
ramis angulatis, caule fructicoſo. Lin. Syft. nat.
441. Sp. pl. 924. (Ger. em. 456. f. 1. Pet. herb.
t. 45. f. 3. Moris. hift. 5. 3. t. 8. f. 15.)
Wall-flower. Anglis.
Upon old walls and caſtles frequent. 4. V.
The flowers are yellow and ſweet-ſcented.
ARABIS.
Аа 3

358
TÈTRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA,
ARABIS. Gen. pl. 818.
Glandula nectariferæ 4, fingulæ intra calycis foliola,
ſquamæ inftar reflexæ.
thaliana 1. ARABIS foliis petiolatis lanceolatis integerrimis.
Sp. pl. 929. (Moris. bift. . 3. t. 7. f. 5. Pet.
herb. t. 48. f. 1. 2. Thal. barc. 84. t. 7. f. D.Bar-
relier ic. 269, n. 1. 2. & 270. n. 3. Cranz. p.
41. t. 3. p. 2)
Thale's Creſs, or coded Mouſe-ear. Anglis.
Upon walls, dry banks, and gravelly foils not un-
.
frequent. 0. VI.
The ſtalks are ten or twelve inches high, erect,
branched, and with few leaves on them : the
leaves are a little rough and hairy, oval and
pointed, often entire, but ſometimes ſlightly in-
dented on the edges, and lie flat upon the ground
round the root in a circle: the flowers are ſmall
and white : the filiqua round, ſlender, and pa-
tent, or diſtant from the branches.
a
birſuta 1.
TURRITIS. Gen. pl. 819.
Siliqua longiſſima, angulata. Cal. connivens, erec-
tus. Cor. erecta.
TURRITIS foliis omnibus hiſpidis, caulinis am-
plexicaulibus. Sp. pl. 930. (Bauh. Prodrom. 42.
ic. ad dextram. Pet. herb. t. 47. f. 12. Moris. hiſt.
f. 3. t. 3. f. 5)
Hairy Tower-muſtard. Anglis.
Upon

XV
Sisymbrium
Cardamine
2
monense. P.353.
petra. 1.347.
PMazell scult
Moses Griffiths del

UNIE
OF
MICH

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
359
Upon dry rocks frequent, as upon the rocks in the
king's park at Edinburgh, &c. . VI.
The ſtalk is rough, a foot high or more, generally
unbranched : the leaves are rough, fapleſs, oval,
Nightly ferrated, and ſometimes entire, and ſpread
upon the ground round the root in a circle: the
ſtalk-leaves are ſeſſile, and embrace the ſtalk at
their baſe: the petals are of a yellowiſh white;
the leaves of the calyx the fame, but their ſum-
mits tinged with red : the filiquæ are linear, ſtrait,
convex on both ſides, having a longitudinal line
in the middle of each valve: the younger fili-
quæ are dark color'd, and ſtand parallel and cloſe
to the ſtalk, but when ripe they hang down :
the feeds form little round elevations on the out-
ſide of the valves.
10
napus 1.
BRASSICA. Gen. pl. 820.
Cal. erectus, connivens. Sem. globoſa. Glandula in-
ter ſtamina breviora & piftillum, interg; longio-
ra & calycem.
BRASSICA radice cauleſcente fuſiformi. Sp. pl.
931. (Ger. em. 235. f. 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 3. t. 2.
fig. ultima. Pet. herb. t. 45. f. 9)
Wild Navew. Anglis.
Amongſt corn, on ditch banks, and in waſte places.
On the rocks behind Edinburgh caſtle. Dr, Par-
fons. T.VI.
The ſtalk is from a foot to two feet high : the ra-
dical leaves are almoſt ſmooth, and divided into
deeply
:
OOR

COM
360
TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
deeply pinnated lobes, which lobes are again ir-
regularly indented or ſinuated on the edges : the
ſtalk-leaves are ſmooth, glaucous, ſeſſile, of a
long heart-ſhap'd figure, ſlightly denticulated on
the edges, and embrace the ſtalk at their baſe.
The calyx ſtands open : the petals are yellow.
There is a variety of this, which has an eſculent
root, and which is cultivated in many parts of
Europe for the ſake of an oil which is preſs’d
from the ſeeds.
SINAPIS. Gen. pl. 821.
Cal. patens. Cor. ungues recti. Glandula inter fta-
mina breviora & piſtillum, interque longiora &
Calycem.
arvenſis 1. SINAPIS ſiliquis multangulis toroſo-turgidis lævi-
bus roſtro ancipiti longioribus. Lin. Syft. nat. 444.
Sp. pl. 933. (Ger. em. 233. f. 2. Moris. bift. S. 3.
t. 3. f. 7. Pet. herb. t. 45. f. 12)
Wild Muſtard, or Charlock. Anglis.
In corn fields frequent. 0. V. VI.
The ſtalk is roughly hairy, a cubit high, and
branched, and is commonly tinged with red be.
tween the branches and the root : the leaves are
a little rough, and commonly pinnatifid; they
have generally one or two pair of lobes, which
unite together at their baſe, and a great ellipti-
cal odd one at the end, all of them irregularly
ferrated : the leaves of the calyx are angular,
ſmooth, of a yellowiſh green color, ſtanding
open

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
361
alba * 2.
open at the top, and two of them gibbous at the
baſe : the petals are yellow and veinid : the fili-
quæ are ſmooth, or Nightly hairy, and longer than
the roſtrum : the ſeeds are acrid and fuſcous,
eight or nine in a pod.
The young plants, before they flower, are boiled
and eaten as greens in ſeveral parts of England.
S. filiquis hiſpidis, roſtro obliquo longiſſimo enſifor-
mi. Lin. Syft. nat. 445. Sp. pl. 933. (Ger. em.
244. f. 4. Pet. herb, t. 45. f. 10. Blackwell. t. 29)
White Muſtard. Anglis.
It is ſometimes found in hedges and waſte places,
near towns and villages, but is probably to be
conſidered only as the outcaſt of gardens. 0.
VII.
The flowers are yellow, the peduncles ftriated :
the ſiliquæ are white, hairy, ſhorter than the rof-
trum, and have generally three knobs or protu-
berances over the ſeeds : the feeds are yellowiſh,
acrid, and three or four in a pod.
The ſeminal leaves of this plant, with thoſe of the
Lepidium ſativum Lin. afford a well-known ſallad
in the ſpring.
SINAPIS filiquis glabris tetragonis racemo ap-
preſlis. Lin. Syft. nat. p. 445. Sp. pl. 933. (Ger.
em. 244. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. f. 3. t. 3. f. 1. ordinis
Superioris. Pet. herb. t. 45. f. 11. I. Bauh. II. p.
855, cum bona icone & deſcriptione Blackwell t.
nigra * 3.
446)
Common

362
TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
Common Muſtard. Anglis.
A’mharag. Gaulis. Sgeallan, the ſeeds. Gaulis.
Under hedges and in waſte places, but perhaps
only the refuſe of gardens. Dr. Parſons & Sib-
bald. o. VI.
The ſtalk is three or four feet high, greatly branch-
ed: the branches diſtant and open : the leaves
pinnatifid, and all, except the radical ones,
ſmooth : the flowers yellow, the ſiliqua fhort:
the feeds round and fuſcous, extremely acrid,
and eight or nine in a pod.
The leaves in the ſpring are in ſome parts of Eng-
land boiled and eaten as greens.
The feeds are well known for culinary uſes, and are
ſometimes uſed externally in medicine, where ir-
ritation is intended without bliſtering,
11 um 1.
RAPHANUS. Gen. pl. 822.
Cal. clauſus. Siliqua toroſa, ſubarticulata, teres.
Glandula melliferæ 2 inter ſtamina breviora & pif-
tillum, totidem inter ftamina longiora & calycem.
&
raphanif- RAPHANUS filiquis teretibus articulatis lævibus
unilocularibus. sp. pl. 935. (Ger. em. 240. f. 1.
Moris. hiſt. S. 3. t. 13. f. 1. & 2. ordinis medii.
Pet. herb. t. 46. f. 10)
Jointed podded Charlock. Anglis.
In corn fields frequent. 0. VI. VII.
The ſtalk is rough, with pellucid Spinula, or ſharp
hairs : the leaves are pinnatifid, with only one or
two

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
363
two pair of lobes, and ſerrated, generally ſmooth
but ſometimes hairy: the footſtalks are com-
monly hairy : the calyx is hairy : the flowers ge-
nerally yellow, but ſometimes white.
The plant has an acrid taſte, and ſtrong alculine
ſnell,
cakile 1.
BUNIAS. Gen. pl. 823.
Silicula decidua, tetraedra, angulis inæqualibus acu-
minatis muricata.
BUNIAS filiculis ovatis lævibus ancipitibus. Sp.
pl. 936. (Ger. em. 248. f. 5. Moris. hiſt. S. 3. t. 6.
f. 20. Pet. herb. t. 46. f. 6)
Sea Rocket Anglis.
On the ſea fhores in fandy places not uncommon,
as on Leith ſands, at Kirkeldy, on the coaſt of
Fife, on the weſtern ſide of Cantire, between
Machrianiſh bay and Barr, &c. 0. VI. VII.
The ſtalk is about a foot high, often much more,
branched from the baſe into wide divaricated
branches : the leaves are ſmooth, ſucculent, pin-
natifid, and have a faltiſh taſte : the flowers grow
in ſhort ſpikes or cluſters, of a pale red or fleſh
color: the pod is ſhort, jointed, and contains
two cells, with one or two ſeeds in each : the
ſtyle is long and compreſſed, which forms af-
terwards the roſtrum of the pod.
మ
a
CRAMBE.

364
TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.
CRAMBE. Gen. pl. 825.
Filamenta 4 longiora apice bifurca, altero antherifero.
Bacca ficca, globoſa, decidua.
maritima 1. CRAMBE foliis cauleq; glabris. Sp. pl. 937.
(Ger. em. 315. f. 15. Moris. hift. Si 3. t. 2. f. 16.
Pet. herb. t. 48. f. 12. Oed. Dan. t. 316. opt. cum.
cbaraEtere.)
Sea Colewort. Anglis.
On the ſea coaſt in ſandy or ſtoney foils, but not
common. On the ſhore by Faſt-Caſtle, in Ber-
wickſhire. Dr. Parſons. 4. VI.
The leaves are bluntly oval, glaucous, ſucculent,
plaited, and deeply finuated on the edges: the
ftem is two feet high, and branched towards the
top: the flowers are white, and grow in ſhort
ſpikes or cluſters : the fruit is a roundiſh, pulp-
leſs, green berry, with one cell, containing a
ſingle ſeed.
The young leaves cover'd up with ſand and blanch'd
while growing, are boiled and eaten as a great
delicacy.
a
bir
bu
TA
CLASSIS

M ON A DELPHI A.
365
VLAD
CLASS I S XVI.
MON ADELPHIA
Μ Ο Ν Α D E L Ρ Η Ι Α
D E CAN DRI A.
GERANIUM. Monogyna. Caps. 5-cocca, rol-
trato.
POL Y ANDRI A.
LAVATERA. Polygyna. Cal. exterior 3-fidus
Arilli 1-ſperini, verticillati,
MALVA. Polygyna. Calexterior 3-phyllus.
Arilli 1-ſpermi, verticillati plures.
ALTHÆA. Polygyna. Cal. exterior 9-fidus.
Arilli 1-fperni, verticillati.
1
CLASSIS

366
LLLL
MONADELPHIA DEO
bela .
DECANDRIACL ASSIS XVI.
ATT
MONADELPHIA
AT
D E CAN DRI A.
cicutarium. GERANIUM
21
I.
1.30
OM
GERANIUM. Gen. pl. 832.
Monogyna. Stigmata 5. Fru&tus roftratus, 5-coccus.
* Staminibus quinque antheriferis.
cicutarium GERANIUM pedunculis multifloris, floribus pen-
tandris, foliis pinnatis inciſis obtufis, caule ra-
moſo. Lin. ſyst. nat, 454. Sp. pl. 951. (Ger. em.
culleres To
945. f. 3. Moris. hift. S. 5. t. 15. f. 9. Pet. herb. t.
65. f. 3. Rivin. pentap. irregul. t. 112. fig. bona.)
one oli
Hemlock-leav'd Crane’s-bill. Anglis.
In dry paſtures, on ſandy ſhores, and in waſte
places under the walls of towns frequent. o.
V-VIII.
The leaves generally ſpread flat upon the ground,
are ſometimes hairy and ſometimes ſmooth, and
conſiſt of a long ſeries of nearly equal pinna,
which are feſile and ſharply pinnatifid : the pe-
duncles ariſe from the alæ of the leaves : the
ſtipula are oval, filmy, and white: the calyx a
little hairy and open: the petals (which are al-
ce
ways five in this genus) elliptical, red, and a
little unequal, the two upper ones being ſome-
what

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 367
what ſhorter than the three lover ones, and
placed at a ſmall diſtance from them. The fila-
ments are commonly ten, but five only are fer-
sasia bid tile, or bear antheræ.
olvo
We obſerved a variety of it with white flowers on
the ſea banks near Weems, in Fifeſhire.
| 2931
Pyrenaicum GERANIUM pedunculis bifloris, foliis inferiori-
2. sud bar bus quinque partito-multifidis rotundatis, ſupe-
rioribus trilobis, caule erecto. Lin. mantiſs alte-
ra. P. 257. Geran, perenne. Huds. Flor. Anglica.
ob 265. (Gerard. Provincial. 434. t. 16. f. 2)
Perennial Dovesfoot Crane’s-bill. Anglis.
In mountainous paſtures and waſte places near Edin-
burgh, but not cominon. 4. Dr. Parſons.
The ſtalk is twelve or eighteen inches high, hairy,
erect, and diffuſely branched: the leaves are
hairy, the ſegments a little obtuſe, having a red
line on the margin, and unequally cut or dented :
the leaves of the calyx have each a red glandule
at the apex : the petals are twice the length of
can the calyx, emarginated, and of a blueiſh purple
bos color: the five outer ſtamina are deſtitute of an-
there, and ſhorter than the others.
alog box ** Staminibus decem antheriferis.
Pedunculis bifloris. 2.
fylvaticum GERANIUM pedunculis bifloris, foliis fubpeltatis
quinquelobis inciſo-ferratis, caule erecto, petalis
emarginatis.
:
3.

368
MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
emarginatis. Sp. pl. 954. (Ger. em. 942. f. 2.
Oed. Dan. t. 124. opt.)
Mountain Crane’s-bill. Anglis.
By the ſides of rivers in rocky and ſhady places
frequent, both in the highlands and lowlands.
4. VI. VII.
-qणी
The ſtalk is erect, from twelve to eighteen inches
high: the leaves are hairy and wrinkled : the pa-
nicle dichotomous: the calyces hairy and bearded :
the petals large, purple, ſtreaked with deeper
veins, and heart-ſhap'd.
The flowers are uſed by the Icelanders to dye a vio-
let color.
pratenſe 4. G. pedunculis bAoris, foliis fubpeltatis, multipar-
titis, rugoſis, acutis; petalis integris. Syft. nat.
455. Sp. pl. 954. (Ger. em. 942. f. 1. Moris. hiſt.
f. 5. t. 15. f. 14. Pet. herb. t. 65. f. 7. Hort.
Aickſteti. vern. ord. I. t. 8)
Crowfoot Crane's-bill. Anglis.
In paſtures and thickets not uncommon, as at Tay-
mouth hermitage, and about the caſcades at Mo-
neſs, and in the paſtures of Loch. Rannoch, and
many other places. 4. VII.
The ſtalk is a cubit high, ſtriated, gouty at the
joints, and branched: the leaves are hairy, and
deeply divided into five, and ſometimes ſeven
lobes, which lobes are laciniated, and theſe laci-
nia are again ſharply indented: the calyces are
hairy,

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 369
robertia-
num 5.
hairy and terminated with a beard : the Petals
are blue, ſtreaked with red veins, not enar-
ginated, but obtuſe and entire at the top: the
style is longer than the ſtamina.
It is reckon'd a vulnerary, but is out of uſe.
*** Staminibus 10 antheriferis.
Pedunculis bifioris. O.
GERANIUM pedunculis bifloris, calycibus piloſis
decemangulatis. Sp. pl. 955. (Ger en. 939. Mo-
ris. hiſt. S. 5. t. 15. f. 11. Pet. herb. t, 65. f. 5.
Blackwell t. 480)
Herb Robert. Anglis,
Upon rocks and ſtoney places. m. V. VI.
The whole plant is often of a reddiſh color, cover'd
with white hairs, and ſmells like a goat : the
leaves are doubly pinnated, the exterior pinna
running together at the baſe, and the ſegments
terminated with a red Spinula, or ſharp hair: the
calyx is hairy, bearded, and ſtreaked with ten
prominent lines, the firſt and third leaf having
three of theſe lines, the ſecond and hfth one only,
and the fourth two: the petals are roundiſh and
entire at the top, of a red color, with white veins.
It varies fometimes with a white flower, but very
rarely.
It is reckoned aſtringent and vulnerary, but is ſel-
don uſed in medicine.
It is ſaid that the ſmell of the bruiſed herb will
drive away bugs.
Bb
a
Arn

370
MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
An infuſion of it is given by the Swediſh herdſmen
to cure cattle that make bloody water.
lucidum 6. GERANIUM pedunculis bifloris, calycibus
6
pyra-
midatis, angulatis, elevato-rugofis, foliis quin-
quelobis rotundatis. Sp. pl. 955. (Moris hiſt. S.
5. t. 15. f. 6. Pet. herb. t. 64. f. 12. Column. Ec-
phras. I. p. 138. ic. 137. Cd. Dan. t. 218. opt.)
Shining Crane’s-bill. Anglis.
Upon rocks in ſhady places, as on the ſouth-weſt
ſide of the rocks under Arthur's ſeat at Edin-
burgh, &c. 0. VI. VII.
The root and radical leaves are red, and oftentimes
the whole plant : the leaves are commonly ſmooth
and ſhining, divided into five obtuſe lobes, each
of which has three or five unequal ſerratures :
The ftalks are near a foot high, and diffuſely
branched : the calyces are ovally conical, angular,
and tranſverſly wrinkled: the petals red and
emarginated.
molle 7
G. pedunculis biforis, foliiſque floralibus alternis ;
petalis bifidis, calycibus muticis, caule erectiuſ-
culo. Lin. Syft. nat. 455. Sp. pl. 955. (Ger. em.
938. Pet. herb. t. 64. f. 1. Vaill. Paris. t. 15. f. 3.
bona.)
Common Dovesfoot Crane’s-bill. Anglis.
In paſtures and by way-ſides frequent. 0. VI.
The whole plant is hairy and ſoft to the touch : the
leaves in circumference are roundiſh or kidney-
ſhap'd,

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
371
ſhap'd, divided half way down to the rib into
five or ſeven lobes, which are obtuſely trifid :
the calyces are ciliated, and have a very fhort
beard : the petals are heart-ſhap'd, deeply emar-
ginated, and of a red or purple color : the pe-
duncles hang downwards : the ſtipula are ferru-
ginous, awl-ſhap'd and bifid, two at the baſe of
each leaf.
diſſectum 8.
GERANIUM pedunculis bifloris, foliis quinque-
partito-trifidis, petalis emarginatis, longitudine
calycis, arillis villoſis. Sp. pl. 956. (Pet. herb. I.
64. f. 7. Vaill. Paris. t. 15..f.2. bona.)
Jagged-leav'd Dovesfoot Crane’s-bill. Anglis.
In meadows, but not common. By the bridge in
the meadows at Edinburgh. Dr. Parſons. O. VI.
VII.
The ſtalk is a foot high, erect, branched, gouty,
and red at the joints: the leaves are hard and
firm, divided deeply into five lobes, which are
again cut into three or four acute lacinice; the
ftipula are red: the leaves of the calyx are hairy,
and terminated each with a red obtuſe beard :
the petals are fleſh-color’d: the piſtil hairy, the
antheræ blue : the arillus, or exterior coat of the
ſeed hairy.
columbinum G. pedunculis hifloris folio longioribus, foliis quin-
9.
quepartito-multifidis, laciniis acutis, arillis gla-
Lris, calycilus ariftatis. Sp. pl. 956. (Moris. biſt,
B b 2
5.5.

372
MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
S. 5. t. 15. f. 3. Pet. berb. t. 64. f. 8. Vaillant.
paris. t. 15. f. 4. bona.)
Long-ſtalked Dovesfoot Crane’s-bill. Anglis.
In dry mountainous places, but not common.
I
obſerved it on a dry rocky place in the road go-
ing from Glaſgow to Dumbarton. O. VI. VII.
The ſtalk is decumbent, ten or twelve inches long,
branched, and knotty at the joints: the leaves
are firm and Nightly hairy underneath : the mar-
gins of the lacinia reflex’d: the ſtipula are linear
and reddiſh: the peduncles three inches long:
the calyx large, almoſt ſmooth, the leaves of it
concave, owing to their margins being reflexed,
and terminated with a long beard, having a red
glandule at the apex : the flowers are purple, the
petals emarginated with a prominent dent be-
tween the coat of the ſeed ſmooth.
**** Staminibus 10 ontheriferis.
Pedunculis unifloris.
10.
fanguineum GERANIUM pedunculis unifloris, foliis quinque-
partitis trifidis orbiculatis. Sp. pl. 958. (Ger. em.
945. f. 2.)
Bloody Crane's-bill. Anglis.
Upon rocks and ſandy grounds near the ſea in many
places, as about Arthur's ſeat at Edinburgh, and
in the iſland of Fonn abundantly, &c, 4. VII.
The root is thick and woody: the ſtalk and leaves
are a little hairy, the firſt a foot or more high :
the
a

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
373
the peduncle is long, and bears a ſingle, large
and ſpecious purple flower : the petals are
roundiſh at the point, and widely expanded:
the calyx is hairy, and bearded with herbaceous
criſta.
The plant is reckoned aftringent and vulnerary,
but is rarely uſed.
It is often introduced into gardens as an ornament,
POLY ANDRI A.
ALTHÆA, Gen. pl. 839.
Cal. duplex ; exterior 9.fidus. Arilli plurimi, mo-
noſpermi.
officinalis 1* ALTHÆA foliis fimplicibus tomentoſis. Sp. pl.
966. (Ger. em. 933. f. 1. Moris. hift. S. 5. t. 19.
f. 12. Blackwell t. 290. Cd. Dan. t. 530.)
Marſhmallow. Anglis.
It is now and then found in waſte places near houſes,
but is probably only the outcaſt of gardens. 27.
VIII.
The ſtalk is erect, five feet high, and but little
branched : the leaves are of a heart-ſhap'd lan-
ceolate figure, divided very obſcurely into three
lobes, ſerrated on the edges, and ſoft as velvet :
the flowers ariſe from the alæ of the leaves, al-
moſt feffile, and are whitiſh or fleſh-color'd : the
petals are five, and emarginated.
The root and leaves have a mucilaginous quality,
and are often uſed in a fyrup or decoction as a
balſamic
Bb 3

374
MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
balſamic pectoral for coughs and hoarſeneſſes.
It is found alſo to be ſerviceable in nephritic
complaints, and the ſtranguary; and is uſed in
cataplaſms and fomentations againſt ſwellings.
The root will turn water to a jelly.
a
LAVATERA. Gen. pl. 842.
Cal. duplex, exterior trifidus. Arilli plurimi, mo-
noſpermi.
arborea 1. LAVATERA caule arboreo, foliis feptemangula-
ribus tomentofis plicatis, pedunculis confertis
unifloris axillaribus. sp. pl. 972. (Figuram fiden-
dam non invenio.)
Sea Tree-mallow. Anglis.
On rocks upon the ſea coaſt, as in Inch-Garvey and
Mykric-Inch, in the Firth of Forth, and in Baſe
ifiand. Sibbald. ^. VII.
The ſtalk is erect, branched, and three or four feet
high, firm and ſtrong: the flowers are red, ſtreak'd
with veins of a deeper color. It is often brought
into gardens for ornament.
MALVA. Gen. pl. 841.
Cal. duplex, exterior 3-phyllus. Arilli plurimi, mo-
noſpermi.
roi undifolia MALVA caule proſtrato, foliis cordato orbiculatis
obſoletè quinquelobatis, pedunculis fructiferis
declinatis. Lin. Syst. nat. 460. Sp. pl. 969. (Ger.
em. 930. f. 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t. 17. f. 7.)
Dwarf
I.

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 375
Dwarf-mallow. Anglis.
In waſte places and by way-ſides near towns and
villages. 0. VII. VIII.
Beſides what is imply'd in the ſpecific difference,
the leaves are crenated : the peduncles are about
an inch long, bearing generally a ſingle flower,
but ſometimes two or three : the petals are com-
monly white, ſtreaked with red veins: the feg-
ments of the interior calyx are denticulated : the
leaves of the exterior are narrow and linear : the
Styles are thirteen or fourteen, hairy on one ſide.
Sylveſtris 2. M. caule erecto herbaceo, foliis feptemlobatis acu-
tis, pedunculis petioliſque piloſis. Sp. pl. 969.
(Ger. em. 930. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. S. v. t. 17. f. 8.
Blackwell t. 22)
Common Mallow. Anglis.
In waſte places and by way.fides. . VI-VIII.
The ſtalk is a yard high, or more, and branched :
the leaves are ferrated: the flowers grow in cluj-
ters from the ala of the leaves, one on a pedun-
cle: the petals are widely expanded, and deeply
emarginated, of a purple color, with deeper
veins: the calyces are hairy : the capſules from
ten to fifteen.
The whole plant is mucilaginous and emollient ; a
decoction of it, or an infuſion of the flowers is
recommended as a pectoral, and good for the
ſtone and gravel, and other complaints in the
urinary paſſages; it is likewiſe given in clyfters in
the

376
MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
the dyſentery, teneſmus, and gonorrhæa, and is
uſed by way of cataplaſm in inflammations: the
ancients fed upon a ſpecies of mallow, tho' pro-
bably not this kind, as we learn from Horace :
Me paſcunt olivæ,
Me Cichorea, leveſq; malvæ. Lib. I. Ode. xxx.
.
moſchata 3. MALVA caule erecto, foliis radicalibus reniformi-
bus inciſis ; caulinis quinquepartitis pinnato-mul-
tifidis. Lin. Syſt. nat. 461. Sp. pl. 971. (Column.
ecph. I. p. 148. t. 147. Moris. bift. f. 5. t. 18. f.
4.)
Jagged-leavid Mallow, or Muſk-mallow. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures, but not very common.
We obſerved it about Duplin, near Perth, &c.
3. VIII.
The ftalk is a cubit high, branched and hairy; the
hairs erect, and ariſing each ſingle one from a
prominent dot or tubercle : the radical leaves are
obſcurely divided into five lobes, and ſerrated on
the edges : thoſe on the ſtalk have their lobes
divided to the baſe, which lobes are pinnatifid,
and theſe pinnulæ again ſharply ſerrated : the
flowers are Aeſh-color’d, have a mulky ſmell,
and grow in cluſters at the tops of the branches,
one on a peduncle : the capſules are hairy, and
about fifteen in a circle round the receptacle.
a
a
CLASSIS

DIA DE L P H I A.
377
CLASS I S XVII.
DI A D E L P H I A.
Η Ε Χ Α Ν D RI Α.
FUMARIA. Cal. 2-phyllus. Cor. ringens, bafi
gibboſa nectarifera. Filamenta antheris 3.
OCTANDRI A.
POLYGALA. Cal. 2-lacinia alæforines. Cor. vex-
illum cylindricum. Stamina connexa. Caps. obcor-
data, 2-locularis.
DE CAND RI A.
* Stamina omnia connexa.
SPARTIUM. Filamento adhærentia germini. Stig-
ma adnatun, villoſum.
GENISTA. Piſtillum deprimens carinam. Stigma
involutum.
ANTHYLLIS. Cal. turgidus, includens ſiliquam.
ULEX. Cal. 2-phyllus. Legum. vix calyce longius.
ONONIS. Legumen rhombeum, feffile. Vexillum
ftriatum.
**
Stigma pubeſcens (nec priorum notæ)
OROBUS. Stylus linearis, teretiuſculus, ſupra vil-
loſus.
LATHYRUS.

378
DI A D E L P H I A.
长​米
​LATHYRUS, Stylus ſupra planus villoſuſque.
VICIA. Stylus ſub ſtigmate barbatus.
*** Legumen ſubbiloculare (nec priorum)
ASTRAGALUS. Legumen biloculare rotundatum.
Legumina monoſperma (nec priorum)
TRIFOLIUM. Legum. vix calyce longius, I.S.
2-ſpermum, Flores capitati.
***** Legumen fubarticulatum.
ORNITHOPUS. Legumen articulatum, arcuatum.
MEDICAGO. Legumen ſpirale, membranaceo-com-
preſſum. Piſiilum carinam deflectens.
****** Legumen uniloculare polyſpermum (nec priorum)
ERVUM. Cal quinquepartitus, fubæqualis, longi-
tudine ferè Corollæ. Stigma capitatum, imberbe.
LOTUS. Legumen teres, farctum feminibus cylin-
dricis.
Obſerv.
PINNATÆ abſque impari. OROBUS, LATHY.
RUS, VICIA, ERVUM.
PINNATÆ cum impari. ASTRAGALUS, OR-
NITHOPUS perpuſillus.
TRIFOLIATÆ. TRIFOLIUM, LOTUS, ME-
DICAGO, GENISTA, ONONIS.
UMBELLATÆ. LOTUS, ORNITHOPUS.
CLASSIS.

DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA.
379
CL ASSIS
XVII.
DIA DE L P H I A.
Η Ε Χ Α Ν D RI A,
FUMARIA. Gen. pl. 849.
Cal. diphyllus. Cor, ringens. Filamenta 2, mem-
branacea, ſingula antheris 3.
officinalis 1. FUMARIA pericarpiis monoſpermis racemoſis,
caule diffuſo. Sp. pl. 984. (Ger. em. 1088. f. 1.
Rivin. tetrap. irreg. t. I. Miller. ic. pl. 136. f. 2.
Blackwell t. 237)
Common, or officinal Fumitory. Anglis.
In corn fields and gardens frequent. 0. V. VI.
The ſtalks are eight or nine inches high, numerous,
weak, angular, fucculent, intricately branch’d,
and ariſe from a fibrous root : the leaves are
glaucous, and doubly pinnated, the pinnula di-
vided into three lobes, which are bifid and trifid:
the flowers are purple, and grow in thick ſpikes :
the calyx is dentated: the end of the ala, and
and ſides of the vexillum are of a dark purple,
but the middle of the vexillum in the fore part
is greeniſh: at the baſe is a thick nectariferous
ſcale, ending in a blunt curved ſpur: the peri-
carpium is globular.
The
:

380
DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA.
a
a
The plant has a bitter taſte, and is uſed in medi-
cine as a great purifier of the blood, in the ca-
chexy, hypochondria, and ſcurvy. The great
Boerhave frequently preſcribed it in the black
jaundice and bilious cholicks : a drachm of the
extract or inſpiſſated juice is the common doſe.
capreolata 2 F. pericarpiis monoſpermis racemofis, foliis ſcan-
dentibus fubcirrhoſis. Sp. pl. 985. (Fig. non. in-
venio.)
Ramping Fumitory. Anglis.
About Redhall, four miles from Edinburgh, and
amongſt the rocks by the ſea ſide going from
Corry to Brodic, in the iſle of Arran. 0. VII.
Some authors have conſidered this only as a variety
of the former ſpecies, and indeed it differs but
little from it. It is generally a much taller plant,
and has larger fowers, but the principal diſtinc-
tion conſiſts in the footſtalks of the partial leaves,
which are curved, and act the part of tendrils
by claſping about, and climbing up the neigh-
boring plants.
clariculata FUMARIA filiquis linearibus, foliis cirrhiferis,
3.
Sp. pl. 985. (Ger. em. 1088. f. 2. Moris, hift. S.
3. t. 12. f. 3. Cd. Dan t. 340. optima.)
Climbing yellow Fumitory. Anglis.
Upon rocks and ſtoney places, and ſometimes upon
thatch'd houſes. In the quarries at Inner-Keith,
&c. 0. VII. VIII.
The

DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA.
381
The ſtalks are weak, and unable to ſupport them-
ſelves without climbing : the leaves are pinnated,
the pinna grow alternate upon footſtalks, and
are compounded of two, three, four or five el-
liptical acute foliola : the compound leaf is ter-
minated with a dichotomous tendril: the flowers
are ſtraw-color'd, and grow in hort ſpikes: the
ſiliqua are ſhort and linear, and contain about
three feeds.
a
OCT ANDRIA.
POLYGALA. Gen. pl. 851.
Cal. 5-phyllus, foliolis duobus alæformibus, colo-
ratis. Legumen obcordatum, biloculare.
vulgaris 1. POLYGALA floribus criſtatis racemoſis, caulibus
herbaceis fimplicibus procumbentibus, foliis li-
neari-lanceolatis. Sp. pl. 986. (Ger. em. 563. f.
2, 3, 4, & 564. f. 5. Vaill. paris. t. 32. f. 1.
bon. Oed. Dan. t. 516. opt.)
Milkwort. Anglis.
In heaths and dry paſtures very common. 4.VI.
The ſtalks are about five or ſix inches long, ſeveral
ariſing from the ſame root : the leaves are firm,
ſmooth, entire, and grow alternate upon the
ſtalks, which are terminated with fpikes of
Howers nioſt commonly blue, but often red, or
white : the calyx conſiſts of five leaves, three of
which are ſmall and green, two below and one
above the Corolla; the other two intermediate
ones

382
DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA.
a
ones are large, oval, flat, color'd, vein'd, and
reſemble petals, which at length turn greeniſh,
and remain a defence to the feed-veffel : the Co-
rolla conſiſts of three petals, folded together,
and forming a tube : the carina is terminated
with a kind of heart-ſhap'd concave appendage,
fringed at the extremity.
It has a bitter taſte, and has been found to poſſeſs
much the ſame virtues as the POLYGALA Se-
nega, from America. It purges without danger.
It is alſo emetic and diuretic, and ſometimes
acts in the three different ways together. A
ſpoonful of the decoction, made by boiling an
ounce of the herb in a pint of water till half is
exhaled, has been found ſerviceable in pleuriſies
and fevers, by promoting a diaphoreſis and ex-
pectoration; and three ſpoonfuls of the ſame
taken once an hour, has proved beneficial in the
dropſy and anaſarca. It has alſo been found ſuc-
ceſsful in pthificky complaints.
DECANDRI A.
scoparium I
SPARTIUM. Gen. pl. 858.
Stigma longitudinale, fupra villoſum. Filament a
germini achærentia. Cal. deorſum productus.
SPARTIUM foliis ternatis folitariiſque, ramis iner-
mibus angulatis. Sp. pl. 996. (Ger. em. 1311. f.
1. Rivin. t. 65. Blackwell 1. 144. Oed. Dan. t. 313.
opt.)
Common

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 383
.
Common Broom. Anglis.
Bealaidh. Gaulis.
In dry ſoils not unfrequent. In Roſlin woods. Dr.
Parſons. h. VI. VII.
The lower leaves of this ſhrub are hairy and ter-
nate, the upper ones ſingle: the flowers are yel-
low, and grow in thin ſpikes, intermixed with
leaves, one on a peduncle.
It has a bitter taſte and diuretic quality. A lixi-
vium made of the aſhes, or a decoction of the
plant, ſtands recommended for the dropſy. The
flowers and feeds, from two drachms to half an
ounce, are a ſtrong vonit. Its æconomical uſes
are various
The flower-buds are in ſome countries pickled and
eaten as capers, and the ſeeds have been made a
bad ſubſtitute for coffee. The twigs and branches
are uſed for making of brooms, and for tanning
of leather, in which intention they are not infe-
rior to oak-bark : they are alſo uſed inſtead of
thatch to cover houſes : the old wood furniſhes
the cabinet-maker with moſt beautiful materials
for vaneering: the tender branches are in fome
places mixed with hops for brewing; and the
macerated bark is found capable of being ma-
nufactured into cloth.
a
GENISTA. Gen. pl. 859.
Cal, bilabiatus, 2-3. Vexillum oblongum, a piſtillo
ftaminibuſque deorſum reflexum.
* Inermes.

384
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
* Inermes.
tinɛtoria 1. GENISTA foliis lanceolatis glabris, ramis ftriatis
teretibus erectis. Sp. pl. 998. (Ger. em. 1316. f.
1. Rivin. t. 67. Oed. Dan. t. 526. opt.)
Dyer's-weed, or Wood-waxen. Anglis.
On dry gravelly hills, and by the ſides of rivers in
the low-lands frequent. h. VII.
From the ſame root ariſe many angular, tough
ſtalks, a cubit high, which are terminated with
ſhort ſpikes or cluſters of yellow ſeſlile papilio-
naceous flowers: the leaves are numerous on the
ſtalks, elliptical, acute, ſeſfile and ſmooth, ex-
cept the edges and nerve on the under fide,
which are often downy.
This plant is well known to dye yarn and cloth
with a bright yellow color.
A falt prepared from the aſhes of it is by ſome
much recommended in the dropſy.
** Spinosa.
anglica 2.
G. fpinis fimplicibus, ramis floriferis inermibus,
foliis lanceolatis. Sp. pl. 999. (Ger. em. 1320. f.
4.)
Needle-Furze, or Petty-Whin. Anglis.
In heathy and mooriſh grounds, as a mile above
Dunkeld, growing amongſt the arbutus uva urſi,
and pyrola rotundifolia, and in many other places
not unfrequent. ħ. VI.
The

DIADELPHIA DÉCANDRIA. 385
The ſtalks generally recline on the ground, and are
Jul din tough and woody: the leaves are ſmall, ellipti-
doi cal and acute : the powers yellow, and grow in
thin ſpikes.
2
1
USIKU
wo
ULEX. Gen. pl. 88i.
Si no
Cal. 2-phyllus. Legumen vix calyce longius.
europeus 1. ULEX foliis villoſis acutis, ſpinis, ſparſis. Sp. pl.
DO
100T
stand
1045. (Ger: em. 1319. f. 1)
Furze, Whins, or Gorſe. Anglis.
In the low lands frequent, but not ſo common in
10 ប.។ the highlands. Þ. VI. & IX.
euing si The leaves are narrow and lanceolate, and grow
vode codon ſingly under the ſpines : the branches are ftriated,
- pierd the ſpines compound, the flowers yellow,
var B, 2.There is a variety of this much more dwardlh, and
or oth ſmaller in all its parts. (v. Ger. em. 1321. f. 6)
si bogor In England fences are frequently made of this plant
best by fowing the ſeeds.odmah north
Horſes, ſheep, and other cattle are very fond of it,
os oss but as the ſpines annoy them, and prevent their
diw feeding on it, the huſbandmen in many parts of
.br.20 Wales bruiſe the tender branches, or grind them
sa in mills for that purpoſe, by which means they
become an excellent fodder.
CO
bon
ON ONIS. Gen. pl. 863.
ora
Cal, 5-partitus; laciniis linearibus. Vexillum ftria-
tum. Legumen turgidum, ſeſlile. Filamenta con-
nata abſque fiſſura.
C
ONONIS
сс

386
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
a
arvenſis 1. ONONIS floribus racemofis geminatis, foliis ter-
natis, fuperioribus folitariis, ramis inermibus ſub-
villoſis. Lin. lyft. nat. 478. Sp. pl. 1006. (Ger.
em. I32 2. f. 3?)
Reitharrow or Cammock. Anglis.
In barren paſtures, but not very common. On the
ſea coaſt near Leith. Dr. Parſons. 4. VII. VIII.
1,01
The ſtalks recline towards the ground, are tough
and branched, and have a red hairy bark : the
leaves are ſerrated, viſcous and foetid, their foot-
ſtalks broad and foliaceous: the flowers are red,
and grow from the ala of the branches, each on
its own ſhort footſtalk, either ſingle or in pairs,
but towards the ſummits of the branches they
form a foliaceous fpike: the Calyx is hairy, in-
curv'd, and tubular, the upper ſegments nearly
ſtrait, and ſeparated by a kind of fiſſure : the
lower one is longer than the reſt : the pod is
ſhort, rhomboidal, and contains about three kid-
ney-ſhap'd ſeeds.
spinoſa. Bo As this plant grows old the branches are all ter-
minated with a ſharp woody ſpine, which many
authors have deſcribed as a diſtinct ſpecies. (vid.
Ger. em. 1322. f. 1. Rivin. t. 69. Blackwell t.
302.)
Prickly Reſtharrow, or Cammock. Anglis.
It grows upon the ſides of the hills by Didiſton-
Loch, near Edinburgh, &c. Dr. Parſons. 4. VII.
VIII,
and As this plant abounds in the Holy-Land, Hafelquiſt
,
(in

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
387
(in his voyage thither, p. 289) ſuppoſes, with
great probability, that this is the thorn men-
tioned in the ſcripture which the gronnd pro-
duced after the curſe. (Gen. ch. 3. v. 18.)
The root and bark have a diuretic quality, and are
recommended in the gravel, and in ſuppreſſions
of urine, both for man and beaſt.
repens 2.
ONONIS caulibus diffuſis, ramis erectis, foliis ſu-
perioribus folitariis, ftipulis ovatis. Sp. pl. 1006.
(Dillen. Eltham. t. 25. f. 28.)
Creeping Reſtharrow. Anglis.
Upon the ſea ſhore in ſandy ſoils frequent. 2.
VII. VIII.
The ſtalks of this kind lie flat upon the ground,
and the flowers are produced ſingle from the alą
of the branches : in other reſpects it differs not
from the preceding, and we are inclin'd to be-
lieve it only a variety, as we have ſometimes ob-
ſerv'd it, like that, to acquire ſpines,
yulneraria
I
ANTHYLLIS. Gen. pl. 864.
Cal. ventricoſus. Legumen ſubrotundum calyce
tectum.
ANTHYLLIS herbacea, foliis pinnatis inæquali-
bus, capitulo duplicato. Sp. pl. 1012. (Ger, em.
1240. f. 1. Rivin. t. 18. & varietas ejus flore coc-
cineo Dillen. Elth. t. 320. f. f. 413.)
Kidney-Vetch, or Lady's-Finger. Anglis.
In dry paſtures not unfrequent, as upon the hills
in the king's park at Edinburgh, &c. 4. VII.
Сс 2
Many

388
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
;
So Many unbranched ſtalks ariſe from the ſame root,
tort 10 or 12 inches high : the leaves are downy; the
- bass radical ones for the moſt part ſimple, and either
Clanceolate or obtuſely elliptical, with long foot-
ſtalks, to which a, ſpurious pinna is ſometimes
Pridit
annexed: the ſtalk-leaves are compound, having
three or four pairs of oval-lanceolate pinna, the
finalleſt at the baſe of the rib, with an odd ob-
utuſe oval and larger one at the end : the upper
co leaves have five or fix pair of pinna, which are
all equal : the two Bracteæ, or Aoral leaves, are
either digitate or trifid, their ſegments lanceo-
late : the flowers are commonly yellow, but are
ſometimes ſeen red, or whitiſh; they grow in a
beworbe
double head or cluſter at the top of the ſtalks :
the calyx is hairy and inflated : the carina or keel
i molto
of the Power is reddiſh at the apex: the anthera
ſtand on fine pedicles: the pod is likewiſe ſup-
ported by a ſhort pedicle, and contains one ſeed.
The plant is ſuppoſed to have an aſtringent quality,
and is ſcarcely ever eaten by catcle.
25... LETTI
polo rubriocide OROBUS. Gen. pl. 871.
Stylus linearis. Cal. baſi obtufus, laciniis fuperiori-
- Isopor ti istinig eibus profundioribus, brevioribus.
tuberoſus 1. OROBUS foliis pinnatis lanceolatis, ftipulis ſemi-
fagittatis integerrimis, caule fimplici. Sp. pl.
1028. (Ger. em. 1237. f. 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 2. to
21. f. 3. ordinis medii ad dextram. Thal. barc. 7.
elli ad hot. I. Rivin. t. 59. Sibbald. Scot. illuft. p. 11. f. 1.
Loes. Pruſ: 138. t. 37. bona.)
Wood-
Jonas
I.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
389
a
Wood-Peaſe, or Heath-Peaſe. Anglis.
Corr, Cor-meille. Gaulis.
In mountainous paſtures and woods very frequent,
both in the highlands and lowlands. 2. VI.
The root conſiſts of tough fibres, ſwelling here and
there into irregular tubercles, each of which pro-
duces a ſtalk about a foot high, having foliaceous
or winged angles, and branched only a little at
the top: the leaves grow alternate upon the ſtalk,
about three or four in number, each conſiſting
of two or three pair of ſmooth pinne, the lower-
moſt oval, the uppermoſt acutely elliptical, hav.
ing no odd one at the end, but the rib to which
they are annexed is terminated with a point or
beard : the flowers are of a purple color, verg-
ing to blue, and grow from two to five in a thin
spike, upon naked peduncles, ariſing from the
ale of the leaves near the top of the ſtalk : the
Vexillum, or upper petal of the flower is large,
oval and vein'd; the margins reflex'd and ele-
vated : the pod is above an inch long, cylindri-
cal, a little curved at the end, and contains from
four to nine ſeeds,
The highlanders have a great eſteem for the tuber-
cles of the roots of this plant; they dry and
chew them in general to give a better reliſh to
their liquor; they alſo affirm them to be good
againſt moſt diſorders of the thorax, and that by
the uſe of them they are enabled to repel hunger
and thirſt for a long time. In Breadalbane and
Roſshire they ſometimes bruiſe and ſteep them in
water,
a
a
a
Сс 3

390
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
water, and make an agreeable fermented liquor
with them. They have a ſweet taſte, ſomething
like the roots of liquorice, and when boiled, we
are told, are well flavour'd and nutritive, and in
times of ſcarcity have ſerv'd as a ſubſtitute for
bread.
a
Sylvaticus 2 OROBUS caulibus decumbentibus hirſutis ramofis.
Lin. Syft. nat. 485. Sp. pl. 1029. (At. Paris. 1706.
p. 87. t. 9o. & fig. noft.)
Wood-Vetch, or Bitter-Vetch. Anglis.
Upon dry rocky places, and the banks of rivers,
but rare. We obſerved it upon the bank of the
Clyde, near Lanerk, between the two famous falls
of Corry's-Lyn and Bonnatyn, and in the iſland
of Rum, on the bank of a rivulet running down
à mountain called Baikevall. 4. VII.
Many hairy reclining angular ftalks, about a foot
high, ariſe from the ſame root, and, as far as we
obſerved, unbranched : the leaves grow alter-
nate, ten or twelve upon a ſtalk ; they are pin-
nated, and generally hairy; the number of pinnæ
are from ſeven to eleven pairs, of an oval acute
form, ſtanding on ſhort pedicles on a hairy rib,
which is not terminated with an odd pinna, but a
ſmall point or beard: the ſtipula grow in pairs,
ſhaped each like half the perpendicular ſection
of the barb of an arrow: the flowers grow ten
or twelve together, in a cloſe ſpike or cluſter,
all leaning the ſame way, upon a hairy pedun-
cle as long as the leaf, and ariſing from the ale
و
of

XVI
b
a
Orobus Sylvaticus
P. 390.
Moses Griffiths del
9. Mazell sculp.

UNIL
OF

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 391
blo of it: the flowers are white, ftriated with purple
veins; the apex of the carina is a bright purple :
the calyx is hairy and reddiſh : the pods are hardly
an inch long, compreſſed and ſmooth, and con-
tain about three ſeeds.
The whole plant has a diſagreeable bitter taſte.
LATHYRUS. Gen. pl. 872.
Stylus planus, fupra villoſus, fuperne latior. Cal.
lacinia ſuperiores 2 breviores.
pratenfis 1. LATHYRUS pedunculis multifloris, cirrhis di-
phyllus ſimpliciſſimis, foliolis lanceolatis. Sp. pl.
1033. (Ger. em. 1231. f. 6. Rivin. t. 43 Baub. .
hift. 2. p. 304. t. 304. Moris. hift. S. 2. t. 2. f.
2. Oed. Dan. t. 527. opt.)
Yellow Vetchling, Tare-everlaſting. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures, where the ſoil is moiſt,
both in the highlands and lowlands. 4. VII.
VIII.
The ſtalks are branched, quadrangular, a cubit
long or more, weak, and unable to ſupport them-
felves: the tendrils are generally ſingle, but often
trifid, ſubtended by one pair of oval-lanceolate
pinna, which have three nerves, and are moſt
commonly a little downy: the ſtipule are haftate,
and as large as the pinna : the floral ſtalk is axil-
lary, and bears a ſpike of eight or ten yellow
flowers : the pods are ſhort, broadiſh, and a lit-
tle cury'd: the feeds round and yellowish.
It
a
a

392
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
It is an excellent fodder, and ſome foils would pro.
bably reward the huſbandman's cultivation.
The badger is ſaid to feed upon it.
Sylveſtris 2. L. pedunculis multifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foliolis
enfiformibus, internodiis membranaceis. Sp. pl.
1033. (Rivin. t. 39. Moris. hiſt. S. 2. t. 2. f. 4.
bona. Oed. Dan. t. 325. optima.)
Narrow-leavid Peaſe-everlaſting. Anglis.
In dry rough ſhrubby places, and by wood-lides,
but rare. Sibbald. 4. VII. VIII.
The ſtalk is a yard high, wing'd with two membra-
nous angles, diffuſely branched, weak and climb-
ing: the leaves are long and lanceolate, have
three nerves on the under ſide, and the rib to
which they grow is wing’d: the tendrils are tri-
fid and branched, often trichotomous: the sti-
pule are narrow and fubulate at both ends, their
lower points preſſing the ſtalk: the floral pedun-
cle is five or ſix inches long, bearing a ſpike of
four to eight flowers: the vexillum is of a rofy
purple color, reticulated with deeper veins: the
alæ or ſide-petals are of a blueiſh purple : the
carina, or keel-petal at the bottom of the flower
is of a pale green: the pod is narrow, cylindri-
cal, and two inches long.
paluſtris 3.
LATHYRUS pedunculis multifloris, cirrhis poly-
phyllis, ftipulis lanceolatis. Sp. pl. 1034. (Pluk.
Alm. t. 71. f. 2. Oed. Dan. t. 399. opt.)
Marſh Chichling Vetch, Marſh Lathyrus. Anglis.
.
Ву

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
393
By the ſides of lakes, and in marſhy or boggy
grounds, but rare. 4. VII. VIII.
The ſtalk is two feet high, wing'd with two mem-
inios branes, weak and branched towards the top: the
Vi bleaves are of an elliptic-lanceolate form, gene-
dos rally three pair upon a rib: the tendrils are tri-
fid: the flipule are broad, ſemi-elliptical, acute
at both ends, and dentated externally below the
middle: the Brafteæe are ſmall and lanceolate :
the peduncles are three inches long, and produce
about ſix or eight purple flowers, with veined
petals: the pods are ſmooth and a little com-
preſs’d.
VICIA. Gen. pl. 873.
Stigma latere inferiore tranſverſe barbatum.
* Pedunculis elongatis.
Sylvetica I. VICIA pedunculis multiforis, foliolis ovalibus, fti-
pulis denticulatis. Sp. pl. 1035. (Pluk. Alm. t.
71, f. 1. Haller. hiſt. ftirp. Helvet. v. I. n. 426. t:
12. P. 172. fig. ad dextram ; fed fol. nimis acutis.
Oed. Dan. t. 277. opt.)
Tufted Wood-Vetch. Anglis.
In ſhrubby places at the foot of mountains and
rocks, but not common, as under Saliſbury-Craigs,
and at Cartland rocks, near Lanerk, &c. 4. VII.
VIII.
The ſtalks of this elegant plant are angular,
branched, weak and climbing, three or even fix
feet, and have numerous leaves : the ſtipula are
deeply

394
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
deeply and acutely denticulated, and the dents
bearded : the leaves have eight or ten pair of
oval pinnæ growing commonly alternate, the
middle nerve of each pinna terminated in a point
or ſpinule: the tendrils are bifid and greatly
curled : the Aoral ſtalks ariſe from the ala of the
leaves, are four or five inches long, and bear a
ſpike of 15 or 20 white pendulous flowers,
ſtreaked with blue veins : the carina or keel-pe-
tal is obtuſe, and blue at the apex : the pod is
ſmooth, but little lorger than the flower, and
contains from four to fix globular ſeeds.
C! Ca 2.
VICIA pedunculis multifloris, Aoribus imbricatis,
foliolis lanceolatis pubefcentibus, ftipulis inte-
gris. Sp. pl. 1035. (Rivin. t. 49. Parkins. 1072.
Moris. bift. S. 2. 3. 4. f. 1. fed malè.)
Tufted Vetch. Anglis.
Peaſair-luch na coille. Gaulis.
In corn fields, paſtures, and buſhy places frequent,
24. VII. VIII.
The ſtalk is two or three feet high, furrow'd, weak
and branched : the leaves are pinnated with 12
or more pairs of pinne, of a narrow-elliptical
form, Hairy, deflex’d, rather blunt at the end,
the nerve terminating in a ſhort ſpinule : the ten-
drils are greated, branched and curled : the
flowers grow 30 or more in a long pendulous
ſpike, all on the ſame ſide of the ſtalk, imbri-
cated downwards, ſmall, but make an elegant
appearance,

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
395
Jativa 3.
:
appearance, being of a violet-purple color, the
carina marked with two blue ſpots: the pod is
ſhort, tumid, broadiſh, and contains eight or
ten black globular ſeeds.
It is reckoned to be a good fodder for cattle.
** Floribus axillaribus, Seſilibus.
VICIA leguminibus feffilibus ſubbinatis erectis, fo-
liolis retuſis, ſtipulis notatis. Sp. pl. 1037. (Ger.
em. 1227. f. 1. Rivin. t. 55. Moris. hift. f. 2.1.4.
f. 12. Oed. Dan. t. 522.
Common Vetch, or Tare. Anglis.
In corn fields frequent. 0. VI.
The whole plant is hairy : the ſtalk a foot high,
ftriated and weak : the leaves conſiſt commonly
of five or ſix pairs of pinne, which are either
heart-ſhap'd, or obtufely lanceolate, or oval, or
linear, the nerve ending in a point : the tendrils
are trifid: the ſtipula dentated, and marked with
a dark red ſpot, which looks as if it had been
burnt in : the flowers are of a blueiſh red, or
purple color, growing two together from the ala
of the leaves, and oftentimes only one, on very
ſhort peduncles: the dents of the calyx are all
ſtrait, the under ones the longeſt : the pod is
hairy when young, but grows ſmoother by age,
and contains from five to ten ſeeds, generally of
a pale green color, with black ſpots, but in ſome
varieties almoſt black or white.
It is known to be an excellent fodder for horſes : in
ſome

396
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
ſome parts of England the crop is plough'd in to
anſwer the purpoſes of manure to the land :
pigeons are very fond of the ſeeds, and in ſome
parts of Sweden, &c. they enter into the com-
poſition of bread, either alone, or mixed with
the four of rye. In England a decoction of them
in water is ſometimes given by nurſes to expel
the ſmall-pox and meaſles.
4.
lathyroides VICIA leguminibus feffilibus folitariis erectis gla-
bris; foliolis. ſenis, inferioribus obcordatis. Sp.
pl. 1037. (Ger. em. 1227. f. 4. Herm. parad. t.
242. Rivin. tetr. 169. Oed. Dan. t. 58.)
Strangle Tare, or wild Vetch. Anglis.
In dry paſtures, and in gravelly and ſandy ſoils
frequent, as in the king's park at Edinburgh, and
in Leith gravel pit, &c. Dr. Parſons. 0. V. VI.
Several ſtalks, from three to fix inches long, ariſe
from the ſame root, and ſpread upon the ground:
the lower leaves are pinnated with one or two
pairs of heart-ſhap'd pinna, but the upper ones
moſt commonly with three pairs of elliptical
acute ones: the ſtipula are acute at both ends,
hooked at the baſe and entire on the ſides, the
tendrils generally ſimple and unbranched: the
flowers are ſmall and purple, often verging to
blue: the pod is ſmooth, and contains from fix
to ten ſeeds: the ſtalk and leaves are downy:
we have ſometimes obſerved the ſeeds to aſſume
a cubical ſhape, which we conſider only as a va-
riety

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
397
riety, tho' we ſuſpect it has been miſtaken for the
ERVUM ſolonienſe of Linnæus.
21
Герium 5. V. leguminibus pedicellatis fubquaternis erectis, fo-
liolis ovatis integerrimis, exterioribus decreſcen-
tibus. Sp. pl. 1038. (Ger. em. 1227. f. 2.)
Buſh-Vetch. Anglis.
In woods and ſhady places not unfrequent. 2. VI.
The ſtalk is angular, ſmooth, and two or three feet
high: the leaves have from five to eight pair of
pinna, of an oval-obtuſe form, emarginated,
fightly hairy, decreaſing gradually in ſize to-
e im wards the extremity, the nerve terminating in a
point: the ſtipule are ſmall, oval, acute, and
indtocol
marked with a dark red ſpot : the tendrils are
branched : the flowers grow from three to five
in a cluſter or ſpike, upon a very ſhort peduncle:
the calyx is of a livid color, hairy, and ſtriated :
the flower of a dull blue, reticulated with veins
Horny of a deeper color: the pods are ſhort, erect, and
in pring contain five or fix globular ſpotted feeds.
ali : It is ſaid to be a good fodder for cattle.
:
1999
balone
ERVUM. Gen. pl. 874.
Cal. 5-partitus, longitudine corollæ. Stigma capi-
tatum, imberbe, obtuſum.
ERVUM pedunculis fubbifloris, ſeminibus globo-
tetrafper-
fis quaternis. Sp. pl. 1039. (Moris. hift. S. 2. t. 4.
f.16. Rivin. t. 53. Oed. Dan. t. 95. opr.)
Little ſmooth Tare, Anglis.
In
mum 1.

398
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
In corn fields, but not very common. O. VI. VII.
The ſtalk is two-edg’d, obſcurely quadrangular,
humble, weak and branched: the leaves have
from three to five pair of linear ſpear-ſhap'd
pinna, growing generally alternate, but often
oppoſite : the ſtipule are entire, and hooked at
the baſe : the tendrils bifid and branched : the pe-
duncles ariſe from the ale of the leaves, erect,
very flender, and generally bear two flowers, but
ſometimes one only: the flower is very ſmall, the
vexillum purple or blueiſh, the ala white, the
apex of the carina blue: the pod is ſmooth, ſhort,
obtuſe, and contains three or four tumid ſeeds.
hirſutum 2. E. pedunculis multifloris, ſeminibus globoſis binis.
Sp. pl. 1039. (Ger. em. 1028. f. 5. Rivin. t. 53.)
Little hairy Tare. Anglis.
In corn fields frequent. 0. VII.
The ſtalk is a cubit high or more, weak, and
branched : the leaves have 10 or 12 pairs of
nearly linear pinne, growing alternate : the
lower ſtipula are dentated, the upper ones en-
tire: the tendrils branched : the floral peduncles
are two inches long, and bear from three to five
ſmall blueiſh white flowers the apex of the carina.
is blue : the pod is ſhort, broad, acuminated,
hairy, pendulous, and contains two black ſpot-
ted feeds.
ORNITHOPUS.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
399
1.
ORNITHOPUS. Gen. pl. 884.
Légumen articulatum, terés, arcuatum.
perpufillus ORNITHOPUS foliis pinnatis, leguminibus ſub-
arcuatis. Sp. pl. 1049. (Ger. em. 1241. f. 3.
Moris. bift. 5. 2. t. 10. f. 13.)
Bird's-foot. Anglis.
In gravelly or ſandy grounds, but not common.
Mr. Stuart obſerved it about Comrie, a village
We four miles from Crief, in Strath-Erne. 0. VI.
VII.
The ſtalks are fix or eight inches high, and lie
proſtrate upon the ground : the leaves have about
15 pair of very ſmall, oval, ſoft, hairy, and
nearly equal pinna, with an odd one at the end :
ber
the peduncles ariſe from the ala of the leaves,
and bear a kind of half-umbel, conſiſting of
three or four ſmall yellow Aowers, the vexillum
tinged with red : the pods are Nightly hairy,
curved, jointed with fix or eight articulations,
and terminated with a claw, ſo that altogether
they not unaptly repreſent a bird's foot. Each
joint contains a ſingle ſeed.
ASTRAGALUS. Gen. pl. 892.
Legumen biloculare, gibbum.
* Caulibus folioſis diffufis.
glycyphillos ASTRAGALUS cauleſcens proftratus, legumini-
bus ſubtriquetris arcuatis, foliolis ovalibus pe-
dunculo longioribus. Sp. pl. 1067. (Ger. e7r.
1233
1.

400
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
1233. f. 2. Rivin. t. 103. Moris. hift. . 2. t. 9.
f. 8.)
Wild Liquorice, or Liquorice Vetch. Anglis.
In woods, but not common, as in Coryton woods,
five miles from Edinburgh. Dr. Parſons. 24. VII.
The ſtalks are two feet long, branched and proftrate:
the leaves have four or five pair of oval pinna,
with an odd one at the end : the peduncles are
ſhorter than the leaves, and ariſe from their ale,
bearing a ſhort ſpike of about 12 pale yellow
flowers, ſucceeded by erect, turgid and curved
pods, having each two cells, containing eight
or ten kidney-ſhap'd ſeeds.
The leaves have a ſweetiſh taſte, mix'd with bitter-
neſs. An infuſion of them has by ſome been
recommended in ſuppreſſions of urine, and for
the gravel.
nod
a
arenarius 2 ASTRAGALUS ſubcauleſcens procumbens, flo-
ribus ſubracemoſis erectis, foliis tomentofis. Sp.
pl. 1069. (Raii. Synop. p. 326. t. 12. f. 3. cum le-
guminibus. bona.)
Purple Mountain Milkwort. Anglis.
On dry mountainous paſtures, but not very com-
mon, as upon the hills in the king's park at
Edinburgh, upon the ſands of Muſelburgh, up-
on the hill of Moncreif, near Perth, and in dry
ground near York-Caſcade, at the ſeat of the
Duke of Athol's, at Blair, &c. 24. VII.
The ftalk, together with the peduncle, is from
three

OF
2010

XVI
Gale” Smith fec:
Astragalus
uralensis. P. 401

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
401
three to fix inches high, procumbent at the baſe :
the leaves have ten or twelve pair of ſmall, hairy,
elliptical pinna, with an odd one at the end : the
peduncle is longer than the leaves, and bears at
the top a cluſter of about fix purple flowers :
the calyces are covered with black hairs: the pods
are ſhort, oval, inflated, hoary, and white with
woolly hairs.
.
Scapo nudo, abſque caule folioso.
uralenfis 3. A. acaulis, fcapo erecto foliis longiore, legumini-
bus fubulatis inflatis villoſis erectis. Sp. pl. 1971.
(Haller. opuſc. t. 2. fig. media. Hift. ftirp. Helvet.
n. 410. t. 14. fig. Infer. ad finiftram. & fig. not.)
Silken Aſtragalus. Anglis.
Upon Carn-dearg, one of the lower heads of Ben-
Sguilert, a high mountain in Glen-creran, in Up-
per-Lorn, growing together with plenty of the
DRYAS octo-petala, in a light ſandy foil : found
there by my ingenious friend Mr. Stuart.
It has alſo been diſcovered at the bay of Farr, on
the eaſtern coaſt, and in a rocky foil at Cro-
marty, by Mr. Robertſon. See Scotch magazine
for July 1768, with a figure of it. 2. VII.
The root is long and woody: the ſtalk is five or
fix inches high, deftitute of leaves, ſoft and
downy: the leaves are all radical, and conſiſt
each of ten or twelve pair of oval-acute pinna,
covered with a white filky down : the flowers are
of a pale violet color, and grow eight or ten to-
Dd
gether
:
a

402
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA,
a
gether in a ſhort thick ſpike at the top of the
ſtalk: the calyx is covered with the ſame ſhining
hairs as the leaves : the Bracteæ are ſubulate
and ſhorter than the calyx : the pod is hairy, tur-
gid, hard, and has two cells containing ſeveral
feeds.
nalis 1.
TRIFOLIUM. Gen. pl. 896.
Flores ſubcapitata. Legumèn vix calyce longius, non
dehiſcens, deciduum.
* Meliloti leguminibus nudis polyſpermis.
mel. offici- TRIFOLIUM leguminibus racemoſis nudis, diſ-
permis, rugoſis, acutis, caule erecto. Sp. pl.
1078. (Ger. em. 1205. f. 4. Rivin. t. 6. Moris.
hiſt. . 2. t. 16. f. 2. ordinis medii. Blackwell t. 80.)
Melilot. Anglis.
In corn fields and by way-fides, but not common :
beyond Drummond - Lodge, near Edinburgh. Dr.
Parſons. And near Aberlady, in the Links. Sib-
baid, 2. VII.
The ſtalk is erect, firm, ftriated, branched, and
two or three feet high : the leaves ternate, ſmooth,
obtuſely oval, and ſerrated : the Aowers are
ſmall, yellow, pendulous, and grow in long cloſe
ſpikes at the tops of the branches : the pod is
very ſhort, turgid, tranſverſely wrinkled, pen-
dulous, and contains either one or two ſeeds.
The plane has a very peculiar ſtrong ſcent, and dif-
agreable bitter acrid taſte, but ſuch however as
is

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 403
is not diſpleaſing to cattle. The flowers are
ſweet-ſcented.
It has generally been eſteemed emollient and digef-
tive, and been uſed in fomentations and cata-
plaſms, particularly in the plaſter employed in
dreſſing bliſters, but is now laid afide, as its
quality is found to be rather acrid and irritating
than emollient or reſolvenr.
It communicates a moſt loathſome flavor to wheat
and other grain, ſo as to render it unfit for mak-
ing bread.
dioides 2
ornithopo- TRIFOLIUM leguminibus nudis octoſpermis ſub.
ternis calyce duplo longioribus, caulibus declina-
tis. Sp. pl. 1078. (Pluk. t. 68. f. 1. mala. Raj.
Synops. p. 331. t. 14. f. 1. Oed. Dan. 368. opt.)
In dry or ſandy paſtures, but rare. Rev. Dr. Burgeſs
of Kirkmichael. O. VI.
The branches are three or four inches long, and lie
proſtrate and cloſe to the ground about the root :
the leaves ternate, heart-ſhap’d, ſerrated, and
ſtand on long footſtalks: the ſtipule are lanceo-
late and grow in pairs : the peduncles are axil-
lary, ſhorter than the foot talks of the leaves;
and bear moſt commonly two, but ſometimes
three or four narrow pale red Aowers: the pods
are ſhort, blunt, erect, and ſlightly recurv’d,
each containing fix or eight ſeeds.
** Lotoidea leguminibus testis, polyfpermis.
Dd 2 TRIFOLIUM

404
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
repens 3:
TRIFOLIUM capitulis umbellaribus, legumini-
bus tetraſpermis, caule repente. Sp. pl. 1080.
(Rivin. t. 13. Moris. hiſt. S. 2. t. 12. f. 2. ordinis
Superioris, & t. 14. f. 4, ordinis ſuperioris. Michel.
Gen. t. 25. f. 5. Vaill. Paris. t. 22. f. 1.)
White creeping Trefoil, or Dutch Clover. Anglis.
Seamar, Seamrag. Gaulis.
In meadows and paſtures common. 4. VI-IX.
The ſtalk is round, unbranched, creeping, and
about a ſpan long: the ſtipula are of an oval-
lanceolate form, and vein'd : the leaves are ge-
nerally ſerrated, but variable in their figure, be-
ing either roundiſh and obtuſe, or emarginated
and heart-ſhap'd, commonly ſmooth and nervous,
and often marked with a white arch: the pedun-
are very long, and have a pair of ſtipula at the
baſe: the flowers grow in a ſphærical depreſſed
head: the younger ones are white and erect, the
older a little reddiſh and deflex’d: the calyx is
either white or purpliſh, marked with ten ſtreaks :
the feed-veſſel appears out of the calyx, and in
fair ſpecimens contains four ſeeds, though often
only two.
It is well known to be an excellent fodder for cat-
tle, and the leaves are a good ruſtic hygrometer,
as they are always relaxed and flaccid in dry
weather, but erect in moiſt or rainy.
*** Lagopoda calycibus villoſis.
pratenſe 4. TRIFOLIUM ſpicis globoſis villofis, cinétis fti-
pulis

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
405
pulis oppoſitis membranaceis, corollis monope.
talis. Sp. pl. 1082. & Mantiſs. ſecund. p. 451.
(Moris, bift f. 2. t. 12. f. 6. Rivin. t. u. Black-
well t. 20. & var. Raj. Syn. p. 328. 1. 13. f. 1.)
Purple Trefoil or Clover. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures frequent. 4. VI-IX.
The ſtalks are numerous from one root, reclining
at the baſe, and branched : the ſiipula are whit',
marked with red veins, and terminated with ca-
pillary beards: the leaves have ſhort foot talks,
and are downy, the lower ones of a round ih oval
figure, the upper ones more acute, and generally
marked with a white arch: the head of flowers
is roundiſh, purple, and feffile, placed between
two oppoſite, ternate, ſenile leaves, which are
ſubtended by a pair of broad membranaceous
ftipula, ſerving the purpoſe of a common calyx :
the calyx is ftreaked with ten lines, and is tubu-
ular and hairy: the ſegments are capillary, ciliated
on the ſides, the lower one by much the longeſt :
the tube of the Corolla is longer than the Vexil-
lum or upper petal, which is plaited, ſtrait, and
reflex'd on the edges.
It affords a very plentiful fodder to horſes and other
cattle, but when they feed too greedily on the
freſh herb, it blows them up in ſuch a manner
with wind, that unleſs they are ſpeedily relieved
by tapping them in the belly, or ſome other fimi-
lar operation, they ſoon periſh. In Ireland the
poor people, in a ſcarcity of corn, make a kind
of
CA
.
a
Dd3

406
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
of bread of the dry'd powers of this and the
preceding plant reduced to powder. They call
the plant Chambroch, and eſteem the bread made
of it to be very wholſome and nutritive.
alpeſtre 5. TRIFOLIUM ſpicis ſubgloboſis villofis terminalı-
bus feftilibus, caule erecto, foliis lanceolatis fer-
rulatis. Sp.pl, 1082. (Rivin. t. 12. Jacquin. obs.
3. p. 14. t. 69)
Mountain Clover. Anglis.
At the foot of the highland mountains not unfre-
quent, in moiſt or ſhady places. 24. VII.
It differs from T. pratenſe, in having green ſtipula,
lanceolate at both ends, neither ſtreaked with red
veins nor bearded ; in having longer leaves, more
nervous, ſmooth on the upper ſide, and rarely
marked with any ſpot or arch : the calyx ſtriated
and ſmooth, the dents only hairy : the heads of
flowers more oval, larger, and of a deeper pur-
ple, two of them frequently terminating the
branch,
arvinſe 6. T. fpicis villoſis ovalibus, dentibus calycinis ſetaceis
villofis æqualibus. Lin. Syft. nat. P. 503. Sp. pl.
1083. (Ger. em. 1192. f. 3. Rivin. t. 15. Barrelier.
ic. 901, 902. Moris. hiſt. S. 2. t. 13. f. 8. Black-
well t. 490.)
Hare's-foot Trefoil. Anglis.
In corn fields and dry barren paſtures not unfre-
quent, as under Saliſbury craigs, &c. 0. VII.
VIII.
The

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
407
a
The ſtalk is erect and branched, and the whole
plant covered with a ſoft down : the leaves are
narrow, and nearly linear, emarginated at the
end, the nerve terminated with a ſpinule : the
ſtipul e are linear, and have long beards : the ſtalk
and branches are terminated with oval or cylin-
drical ſpikes, covered with a thick aſh-color'd or
reddiſh down : the calyx is bell-ſhap'd and hairy,
and has five dents, which are longer than the
flower, and are feathered with down: the Corolla
is
very
ſmall and reddiſh: the feed-vefiel is tu-
mid, Sphærical, and contains one ſeed.
It is ſuppoſed to have an aſtringent quality, and has
ſometimes been uſed in dyſenteries, but is not
known in the preſent practice.
bo
ſcabrum 7. TRIFOLIUM capitulis feffilibus lateralibus ovatis,
calycinis laciniis inæqualibus rigidis recurvis. Lin.
Syft. nat. p. 543. Sp. pl. 1084. (Barrelier ic. 870.
Vaill. Paris. t. 33. f. 1.)
Hard-knotted Trefoil. Anglis.
On dry ſoils by the ſea ſhore near Edinburgh, Dr.
Parſons. 0. VI.
The root throws out ſeveral tough proſtrate ſtalks,
about four inches long: the leaves are a little
hairy, veined, wedge-ſhaped, or wideſt and
rounded at the end, and very finely crenated :
the ſtipulæ are oval and acute: the heads of
flowers ſmall, ſlightly oval, axillary, feffile and
rigid : the dents of the calyx are ſharp and ſtiff,
unequal

408
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
unequal in length, open and recurv'd when old :
the flowers whitiſh, a little longer than the calyx,
and rarely opened.
Jiriatum 8. T. capitulis fefilibus fublateralibus ovatis, calyci-
bus ftriatis rotundatis. S. pl. 1085. (Vaill. Paris
t. 33. f. 2. R. Synop. p. 329. T. 13. f. 3.)
Soft-knotted Trefoil. Anglis.
In dry paſtures, as in Edinburgh park, abundantly.
O. VI.
This varies with reclining and erect ſtalks, from five
to ten inches long, and the whole plant is cover'd
with ſoft hairs: the upper leaves are wedge-ſhap'd
and ſlightly crenated, the lower ones are heart-
ſhap'd : the ſtipula are widely oval, membrana-
ceous, and ſtriated with red branched lines :
the heads of flowers are foft and oval, the up-
per ones feffile, but the lower ones fometimes
have ſhort footſtalks: the calyces are covered with
ſoft white hairs, and ſtreaked with ten prominent
lines, and when old become round and inflated :
the dents are ſhort, and terminated with ſlight
ſpinules: the flowers are of a pale red color.
This plant differs ſo little from the preceding, that
we have been tempted to think them only varie-
ties, ariſing from difference of ſoil; but as all
authors have diſtinguiſhed them as ſpecies, we
were unwilling to diſſent from the general opi-
nion,
**** Lupulina

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
409
**** Lupulina vexillis corolle inflexis.
agrarium 9 TRIFOLIUM fpicis ovalibus imbricatis, vexillo
deflexis perſiſtentibus, calycibus nudis, caule erecto.
Sp. pl. 1087. (Ger. em. 1186. f. 6. Moris hift. S.
2. t. 13. f. 1 & 2. majus. Vaill. Paris. t. 22.f. 3.
I
opt.)
Hop Trefoil. Anglis.
In dry paſtures and corn fields frequent. 0. VI.
VII.
The ſtalks are hard, branched, a foot high, gene-
rally erect, but ſometimes procumbent: the leaves
are nervous and ſmooth, and either nearly oval
or cordate, or like the ſeEtor of a circle, with
the rays entire and the arc ſerrated : the ſtipula
are largeſt near the top of the ſtalk, and of an
oval-lanceolate figure: the floral ſpikes grow on
an
long, naked peduncles, nearly oval, and confift
of numerous flowers, cloſely ſet together : the
flowers are yellow, and ſtand each on its own
ſhort pedicle, and when ripe are pendulous, dry,
and ruftling: the calyx, except tvio or three hairs
at the apex, before flowering is ſmooth : the vex-
illum is heart-ſhap'd, deflex’d, itriated, and Nightly
ferrated: the ſiliqua contains one oval, thick ſeed,
ſtanding on a pedicle.
It is an excellent fodder for cattle.
procumbens T. fpicis ovalibus imbricatis, vexillis deflexis per-
fiftentibus ; caulibus procumbentibus. Sp. pl.
1088.
10.

410
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
1088. (Moris. hiſt. f. 2. t. 13.f. 1 & 2. minus,
ad baſin. Fig. Raj. Synops. p. 330. t. 14. f. 3)
Procumbent Trefoil. Anglis.
In paſtures frequent, 2. VI. VII.
The ſtalks are generally procumbent when young,
but afterwards become more erect, often a foot
long, and but little branched : the leaves are
ſmall, heart-ſhap'd, and finely ferrated, but not
ftriated : the ſpikes are lax, and contain from
ten to fixteen flowers, which are ſmaller than
thoſe of the preceding.
Scopoli, in his Flor. Carniolica, n. 931, ſeems to
think this only a variety of the T. agrarium, and
indeed it differs but little from it.
w
filiforme 11 TRIFOLIUM ſpicis ſubimbricatis, vexillis de-
flexis perſiſtentibus, calycibus pedicellatis, cauli-
bus procumbentibus. Sp. pl. 1088. (Raj. Syn. p.
331. t. 14. f. 4)
Slender-ſtalk'd Trefoil. Anglis.
In dry ſandy ſoils, and upon ant-hills, but not very
common. O. VI.
The ſtalks are about four or five inches long, very
fine and Nender, and generally procumbent : the
leaves are ftriated and emarginated : the pedun-
cles are ſcarcely bigger than a horſe-hair, but
longer than the leaves, and ſuſtain from three
to five ſmall yellow flowers, the calyces of which,
during fructification, are much more evidently
ſupported

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
411
ſupported on pedicles than thoſe of the preced-
ing ſpecies: the flowers are pendulous.
It has been proved, by ſowing the feeds, to be a
diſtinct ſpecies from the foregoing, but in the
cultivated ſtate was obſerved to produce from 12
to 15 flowers in a cluſter on each common pe-
duncle.
1.
LOTUS. Gen. pl. 879.
Legumen cylindricum, ftri&tum. Ale ſurſum longi-
tudinaliter connivens. Calyx tubuloſus.
corniculatus LOTUS capitulis depreſſis, caulibus, decumben-
tibus, leguminibus cylindricis patentibus. Sp.pl.
1092. (Ger. em. 1190. f. 5. Rivin. t. 76. Moris.
hiſt. J. 2. t. 18. f. 10 & 11.)
Bird's-foot Trefoil. Anglis.
Bàr-a’-mhilſein. Gaulis.
In meadows and paſtures common, 4. VI-VIII,
The ſtalks vary in length from ſix inches to a
cubit, and are generally proſtrate, but ſometimes
nearly erect: the leaves are ternate, and com-
monly of an oval-lanceolate form, but ſometimes
roundiſh, and in other varieties narrow and al-
moſt linear : the ſtipula grow in pairs, oval and
acuminated, much like the leaves : the pedun-
cles are axillary, and bear a coronet of four or
five yellow flowers : the vexillum is nearly oval,
plaited, erect, ſtreaked with red lines, or even
quite red before it opens, and ſtands on a pedia
cle

412
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
:
cle remote from the other petals : the filaments
are dilated at the apex: the antheræ ftand on pe-
dicles: the pods are an inch long, of a reddiſh
brown color, ſmooth, ſhining and divaricated,
or ſpreading out from one another.
The plant varies with hairy and ſmooth leaves and
calyces.
It is an excellent fodder for cattle, and would pro-
bably be well worth attention in agriculture.
The inſect called by Linnæus THRIPS glauca ſome-
times renders the flowers tumid and inonſtrous.
no
MEDICAGO. Gen. pl. 899.
Legumen compreſſum, cochleatum. Carina corollæ
a vexillo deflectens.
lupulina 1. MEDICAGO fpicis ovalibus, leguminibus renifor-
mibus monoſpermis, caulibus procumbentibus.
Lin. Syft. nat. p. 506. Sp. pl. 1097. (Ger. em,
1186. f. 5. Rivin. t. 8.)
Melilot Trefoil. Anglis.
In corn fields and paſtures frequent. 8. VI-VIII.
The ſtalks are numerous, branched, from eight
inches to a foot long, and lie proſtrate on the
ground: the leaves are ternate, of a variable
figure, being either oval, heart-ſhap'd or roundiſh,
finely ferrated, ſoft, a little hairy, and ſupported
on footſtalks : the peduncles are axillary, and
bear an oval, imbricated head of ſmall yellow
flowers : the vexillum is large, oval, reflex’d, and
hides the other petals : the feed-veſſels grow in
an

DIADELPHIA ADFT DIA 413
DE
.
DECANDRIAan oblong cluſter, are kidney-ſhap'd, wrinkled,
black when ripe, and contain each an oval ſeed.
It has of late years been cultivated in ſome parts
of England for fodder, but it is probable that
the LOTUS corniculatus, and TRIFOLIUM
agrarium abovementioned, would turn to a better
account.
CLASSIS

414
POLYADELPHI A.
CLASS I S
XVIII.
POL Y ADELPHI A.
POLY ANDRIA.
HYPERICUM. Cal. 5-partitis, inferus. Cor. 5-
petala. Styli 1, 3, feu 5. Caps. 1, 3, s. 5-
locularis.
CLASSIS

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
415
2
CL ASSIS XVIII.
POL Y A N DR I A.
mum 1.
IA
HYPERICUM. Gen. pl. 902.
Consp Cal. 5-partitus. Pei ala 5:
Filamenta multa, in 5-
phalanges baſi connatà. Caps. loculis numero fty-
lorum.
Trygina omnia.
androſce-
HYPERICUM Aoribus trygynis, pericarpiis bac-
catis, caule fruticoſo ancipiti. Sp. pl. 1102. (Ger.
em. 543. f. 1. Moris. hift. S. 5. t. 6. f. 12)
Tutfan or Park-leaves. Anglis.
In woods, but not very coinmon. We obſerved it
in the woods at Inverary, and at Loch- Ranſa, in
the iſle of Arran. ħ. VIT.
The ſtalk of this ſhrub is branched, and
angles : it is commonly about two feet high :
the leaves are large, oval, ſmooth, oppoſite and
ſeſlile, turning to a dark red color in the autumn:
the juice expreſs’d from them is claret-color'd:
the flowers are yellow, and grow in a thin cluſter
or umbel of five or fix together, at the ſummits
of the branches, one, two or three upon a pe-
duncle : the ſegments of the calyx are oval, green,
ſomewhat larger than the petals, and remain
after the petals are fallen : the pericarpium is a
fphærical
two
a

416
POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
NO
fphærical berry, firſt green, afterwards red, and
ſoft and black when ripe, containing many red-
diſh ſeeds.
It is a good vulnerary, the leaves readily healing
any freſh wounds, whence it took the French
name of Tutſan or Tout-ſain, i. e. All-heal.
lum 2.
quadrangu- HYPERICUM Aoribus trigynis, caule quadrato
herbaceo. Sp. pl. 1104. (Ger. em. 542. f. 1. Mo-
ris. hijt. S. 5. t. 6. f. 10. Pet. herb. t. 60. f. 11.)
St. Peter's Wort. Anglis.
In moiſt paſtures, and by the ſides of ditches and
rivulets. 24. VII.
The ſtalk is a foot high, wing'd with four angles :
the leaves are oval, imperforate, and have nine
nerves: the calyx is without glands: the petals
are marked towards the top with black glandu-
lar dots on the margin.
perforatum H. floribus trigynis, caule ancipiti, foliis obtufis
3.
pellucido-punctatis. 1105. Sp.pl. (Ger. em. 539.
f. 1. Moris. hist. S. 5. t. 6. f. 1. Blackwell t. 15.)
St. John's Wort. Anglis.
Achlaſan-Challum chille. Gaulis.
In woods, thickets and hedges. 4. VII.
The ſtalk is a cubit high, and has two elevated
lines; otherwiſe is round, ſmooth, and branch-
ed. The leaves are oval and obtufe, and marked
with ſmall, black, glandular dots on the margin,
and if held up between the eye and the light ap-
pear
a
3

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 417
pear as if perforated on the ſurface, being punc-
tated with numerous pellucid veſicles. The
flowers are yellow and grow in cluſters terminat-
ing the branches, and forming a kind of umbel.
The petals are mutilated, or ſeem to have a
ſmall piece cut out on one ſide, and are denti-
culated on the other ; their margins towards the
top, and ſometimes the whole ſurface is fprinkled
with black dots. The leaves of the calyx are
intire, without glands, and about half the length
of the petals. The anthere are marked with
a ſmooth black ſpot, or lateral gland, placed on
the ſeptum between the two lobes. The ſtigmata
are of a dark red color.
An oil or tincture of the flowers is eſteemed a
good vulnerary. The expreſs’d juice or infuſion
of the ſame is reckoned good to deſtroy worms,
to reſolve coagulated blood, and to promote
urine,
The dried plant boile:in water with alum, dyes
yarn of a yellow color, and the Swedes give a fine
purple tinge to their ſpiritous liquors with the
flowers
The ſuperſtitious in Scotland carry this plant about
them as a charm againſt the dire effects of witch-
craft and enchanement. They alſo cure, or fancy
they cure their ropy milk, which they ſuppoſe to
be under fome malignant influence, by putting
this herb into it, and milking afreth upon it.
Еe
HYPERICUM.

418
POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
humifuſum HYPERICUM foribus trigynis axillaribus folita-
4.
riis, caulibus ancipitibus proftratis filiformibus,
foliis glabris, Sp. pl. 1105. (Ger. em. 541. f. 4.
Pet. herb. t. 60. f. 8. Oed. Dan. t. 141.)
Trailing St. John's Wort. Anglis.
In gravelly paftures, but not very common. Dr.
Parſons & Sibbald. 24. VII.
The ſtalk is about five or fix inches long and pro-
ſtrate. The leaves are not abſolutely without
pellucid dots, but are obſcurely perforated. The
flowers do not form an umbel, but grow ſingle
upon the peduncles ariſing from the ale of the
leaves. The calyx is ferrated, and ſprinkled
with black ſpots or glands, particularly on the
edges. In other reſpects it differs little from the
preceding
montanu 732
5.
H. floribus trigynis, calycibus ferrato-glandulofis,
caule tereti erecto glabro foliis ovatis glabris. Lin.
syst. nat. p. 510. Sp. pl 1105. (Column. Ecphras.
I. p. 73. t. 74. Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t. 6. f. 9. Pet.
herb. t. 60. f. 7. Oed. Dan. t. 173. opt.)
Imperforate or Mountain St. John's Wort. Anglis.
In mountainous woods, but not common. Sibbald.
4. VII.
The ſtalk is about a cubit high, very little branch’d,
and naked for a conſiderable diſtance under the
flowers. The leaves are few, vein'd, the lower
ones imperforate ; their edges red, and marked
with

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
419
with black glands. The flowers grow in a ſhort
ſpike or cluſter, and are but few in number.
The ſegments of the calys are lanceolate and ſer-
rated, each ſerrature having å reſinous gland
upon its apex. The brattee are ciliated with
the like glands. The petals are ſometimes, but
not always, dotted towards the top. The anthere
have each a black ſpot or glandule near the baſe.
The ſtamina are divided only into three pha-
lanxes.
hirſutum 6. HYPERICUM Áoribus trigynis, calycibus ferrato-
glanduloſis, caule tereti erecto, foliis ovatis fub-
pubeſcentibus. Sp. pl. 1105. (Moris. hiſt. S. 5. t.
6. f. 11. Pet. herb. t. 60. f. 10.)
Hairy St. John's Wort. Anglis.
In mountainous woods and thickets not uncomnion.
24. VII.
The ſtalk is hairy. The leaves hairy and perfora -
ted, but not dotted on the edges. The flowers
grow in a ſpike or panicle, much more numer-
ous than in the preceding. Each ſerrature of
the calyx is tip'd with a gland. The petals have
two or three black dots or glandules at the apex.
The antheræ are without glands. The ſtyles are
of a red color, turning black by age. The
flowers of this ſpecies cloſe together in the night,
but thoſe of the H. perforatum do not.
elodes 7.
HYPERICUM foribus trigynis, caule tereti re-
Ee 2
pente,

420
POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
pente, foliiſq; villoſis fubrotundis. Sp.pl. 1106.
(Pet. herb. t. 60. f. 12. Mentz. pug. 6. 7. f. 3.
an?)
Marſh hoary St. Peter's Wort. Anglis.
In bogs, but not very common. Dr. Parſons. It
was obſerved in the iſland of Ilay, by that cele-
brated naturaliſt, Joſeph Banks, Efq; 4. VII.
VIII.
The-ſtalk is five or fix inches long, branched,
weak and trailing, and together with the leaves
covered with hoary hairs. The leaves when
view'd with a microſcope, appear to be finely
perforated. The flowers grow in a thin panicle
.
at the top of the ſtalks, upon ſmooth branched
peduncles. The calyces are ſmooth, and their
ſegments edged with very ſmall glandules. The
bractee are oval, acute, oppoſite, and edg'd with
the like glandules. The petals are of a pale
yellow, and ſeldom expand, but are commonly
twiſted together in a direction, from left to right,
or with the ſun's diurnal motion.
a
pulchrum 8 HYPERICUM Aoribus trigynis, calycibus ferrato-
glanduloſis, caule tereti, foliis amplexicaulibus
cordatis glabris. Lin. mantiſs. Secund. p. 456. Sp.
pl. 1106. Pet. herb. t. 60. f. 6. Oed. Dan. t. 75.
opt.)
Elegant St. John's Wort. Anglis.
In dry woods and heaths, but not very frequent.
We

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.
421
We obſerved it in the little iſland of Lamlaſh, to
the South of Arran. 4. VII.
The ſtalks are erect and ſmooth. The leaves are
firm, ſmooth and gloffy, of a triangular heart-
ſhap'd figure, of a dark green above and glau-
cous underneath, perforated towards the points,
and a little reflex'd or contracted on the edges,
but not dotted. The flowers grow in thin ſpik-
ed panicles. The ſegments of the calyx are oval,
finely ſerrated, the ſerratures tipped with fine
black glands. The petals are of a deep yellow,
almoſt orange-color'd, and commonly dotted on
the edges, near the apex with black glandules.
The anthere are ſcarlet.
Еe 3
CLASSIS

422
S Y N G EN ESI A.
SCL A S SIS
XIX.
S Y N G E N E S I A.
POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
* Semiflofculofi, S. corollis ligulatis omnibus.
HYPOCHÆRIS. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus ſub-
plumoſus. Cal. imbricatus.
TRAGOPOGON. Recept. nudum. Pappus plu-
mofus. Cal. fimplex.
LEONTODON. Recept. nudum. Pappus plumo-
ſus. Cal. imbricatus ſquamis laxis.
SONCHUS. Recept. nudum. Pappus piloſus.
Cal. imbricatus gibbus.
CREPIS. Recept. nudum, Pappus piloſus. Cal.
calyculatus ſquamis difformibus.
PRENANTHES. Recept, nudum. Pappus piloſus.
Cal. calyculatus fubquinqueflorus.
LACTUCA. Recept. nudum. Pappus piloſus.
Cal. imbricatus margine ſcariofo.
HIERACIUM. Recept. nodum. Pappus piloſus.
Cal, imbricatus ovatus.
LAPSANA. Kecept. nudum. Pappus nullus. Cal.
calyculatus.
HYOSERIS.

SYNGEN E SI A.
423
HYOSERIS. Recept. nudum. Pappus non piloſus.
Cal. ſubæqualis.
** Capitati.
CARLINA. Calyx radiatus, radiis coloratis.
ARCTIUM. Calyx ſquamis apice incui vato-ha-
mofis !
CARDUUS. Calyx ſquamis ſpinofis ventricoſus.
Recept. pilofum.
ONOPORDUM. Calyx ſquamis ventricoſus fpino-
ſis. Recept. favoſum.
SERRATULA. Calyx ſquamis acutiuſculis muti-
cis imbricatus, fubcylindricus,
*** Diſcoidea.
EUPATORIUM, Recept. nudum. Pappus. plu-
mofus. Cal. imbricatus. Piſtilla longiffia.
BIDENS. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus ariſtatus,
Cal, imbricatus.
* Tanacetum.
POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
* Diſcoidea.
ARTEMISIA. Recept. ſubnudum. Pappus nullus.
Corol. radii nulli.
TANACETUM. Recept. nudum. Pappus ſub-
marginatus. Corol. radii trifidi
CONYZA, Recept. nudum. Pappus pilofus. Corol.
radii trifidi,
GNAPHA-

4.24
S Y N G EN ESI A.
GNAPHALIUM. Recept, nudum. Pappus plu-
moſus.
** Radiati.
BELLIS. Recept. nudum. Pappus nullus. Cal.
ſquamis æqualibus fimplex.
MATRICARIA. Recept. nudum. Pappus nullus.
Cal. ſquamis imbricatus acutis.
CHRYSANTHEMUM. Recept, nudum. Pappus
nullus. Cal. fquamis intimis membranaceis.
DORONICUM. Recept. nudum. Pappus piloſus,
Pappus radii nullus.
INULA. Recept. nudum. Pappus piloſus. An-
theræ bafi biſetæ.
ERIGERON. Recept. nudum. Pappus piloſus.
Corol. radii capillares.
SOLIDAGO. Recept. nudum. Pappus pilofus.
Corol. radii ſubfeni remoti.
SENECIO. Recept. nudum. Pappus piloſus. Cal.
ſquamis apice ſphacelatis.
TUSSILAGO. Recept, nudum. Pappus piloſus.
Cal. ſquamis ſubmembranaceis.
ASTER. Recept. nudum. Pappus piloſus. Cal.
fubfquarroſus.
ANTHEMIS. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus nullus.
Cal. hæmifphæricus.
ACHILLEA. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus nullus.
Radius ſub-5-florus. Cal. oblongus.
POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA.
CENTAUREA.

S Y N GEN ESI A.
425
CENTAUREA. Recept. ſetoſum. Pappus piloſus.
Radius corollæ tubuloſus.
POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA.
FILAGO. Recept. nudum. Pappus nullus.
MONOGAMIA.
JASIONE. Cal, communis. Cor. 5-petala regularis.
Caps. infera, 2-locularis.
LOBELIA. Cal. 5-dentatus. Cor. monopetala ir-
regularis. Caps. infera 2-locularis.
VIOLA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Cor. 5-petala irregularis.
Caps. fupera, 3-valvis.
CLASSIS

426 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
C L
A S SI S XIX.
S Y N G E N E S I A.
POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
Semifloſculoſ, S. corollis ligulatis omnibus.
TRAGOPOGON. Gen. pl. 905.
Receptaculum nudum. Calyx fimplex. Pappus plu-
moſus.
pratenſe 1. TRAGOPOGON calycibus corollæ radium æquan-
tibus, foliis integris ftrictis. Sp. pl. 1109. (Gerne
em. 735, f. 2. Moris. hift. S. 7. t. 9. fig. prima or-
dinis ſuperioris. Pet. herb. t. 15. f. 7.)
Yellow Goat's Beard. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures, Dr. Parſons. &. VII.
The root is tap-ſhap'd. The ſtalk a cubit high
and branched. The leaves graſs-like, ſheathing
the ſtalk at the baſe, undulated on the edges,
and carinated or keeld on the under ſide. The
calyx is divided to the baſe into 8, and ſome-
times 12 lanceolate ſegments. Each branch is
terminated with a yellow flower. The ſeeds are
angular and tranſverſely ſtriated, crown'd with
a pappus or down, which down ſtands on a long
pedicle, and conſiſts of about 32 plumoſe rays,
horizontally

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 427
horizontally expanded. The whole plant is re.
plete with a milky juice.
If the weather be fair the flowers of this plant
open at the riſing of the ſun, and cloſe again be-
tween nine and ten o'clock in the morning.
They ripen their feeds in three weeks from the
firſt expanſion
The roots are eſculent, being boild and ſerv'd up
to table in the manner of aſparagus. The ſpring
ſhoots are alſo eaten by ſome in the ſame manner.
But that which is cultivated in gardens for culi-
nary purpoſes is generally another ſpecies, the
TRAGOPOGON porrifolium Lin. commonly called
by the gardeners Salſafy.
SONCHUS. Gen. pl. 908.
Recept. nudum. Cal. imbricatus, ventricoſus. Pap-
pus piloſus.
arvenſis 1. SONCHUS pedunculis calycibuſque hifpidis ſub-
umbellatis, foliis runcinatis bafi cordatis, Sp. pl.
1116. (Ger. em. 295. f. 8. Pet. berb. t. 14. f. 6.
Móris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 6. f. 12.)
Corn Sow-Thiſtle. Anglis.
In corn fields frequent. 4. VIII.
The root creeps under ground, and propagates
apace,
The ſtalk is three or four feet high, and branched at
the top. The leaves are firm and ſtiff, embracing
the ſtalk at the baſe; the middle rib on the un-
der fide foliaceous, and armed with ſoft prickly
ſerratures.

428 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
ſerratures. The figure of thoſe leaves is various.
Sometimes they are intire, or only indented on
the edges. Sonetimes they have one pair of fa-
gittate or cordate pinne at the baſe. At other
times they are pinnated half-way down to the rib,
with triangular reverſed pinna, the extreme
one being largeſt, and all of them edged with
ſoft Spinule. The peduncles and calyces are
covered with yellow groſs hairs. The flowers are
Jarge and yellow, and turn always towards the
fun. The ſeeds are crown'd with a ſoft, ſimple,
ſeſfile down.
a
oleraceus 2, SONCHUS pedunculis tomentoſis, calycibus gla-
bris. sp. pl. 1116. (Ger. em. 292. f. 3 & 4. Pet.
t. 14. f. 8, 9, 10. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 3. f. 1 & 2.
Blackwell t. 130. opt.)
Common Sow-Thiſtle. Anglis,
In waſte places and cultivated grounds frequent.
O. VI-VIII.
The ſtalk is ſucculent, fiſtular, and a cubit high or
more. The leaves are tender, of a very variable
figure, being ſometimes intire, and ſometimes
jagged or pinnated half way down to the rib;
their edges ſurrounded with ſoft prickly ferra-
tures. At their baſe they embrace the ſtalk, and
are preſſed cloſe to it. The upper leaves are
always of an oval-lanceolate figure, and intire ;
but ſerrulated on the edges. The ſtalk is branch-
ed towards the top, and forms a kind of umbel
of

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 429
aper.
of pale yellow flowers. The central flower which
terminates each branch has the ſhorteſt peduncle.
The peduncles are not always downy, but become
ſmooth as the plant grows old.
There is a variety of this plant with a more rigid
and more prickly leaves, which foine authors
make a diſtinct ſpecies. vid. fig. Jequentes. (Ger.
. m. 291. f. I, 2. Pet. herb. t. 14. f. 4, 5, & ejus
varietates f. 1, 2, 3. Pluk. alm. t. 61. f. 5. Loes.
Pruſs. t. 77 & 78. Moris. hiſt. S- 7. t. 2. f 5.
& 8. ordinis inferioris. Blackwell. t. 30.
This as well as the former varies with intire and
laciniated leaves, as appears from the different
figures.
The young tender leaves of low-thiſtle are in ſome
countries boild and eaten as greens. They are
of a cooling nature, and applied outwardly, by
way of cataplaſm, have been found ſerviceable
in infiammatory ſwellings and carbuncles Swine,
Hares, and rabbits are fond of them.
The flowers open about ſix or ſeven o'clock in
the morning, and íhut up again at eleven or
twelve,
LACTUCA. Gen. pl. 909.
Receptaculum nudum. Cal. imbricatus, cylindricus,
margine membranaceo. Pappus ſimplex ſtipita-
tus.
LACTUCA foliis horizontalibus, carina aculeatis
dentatis. Sp. pl. 1119, (Ger. em. 309. f. 1. Pet.
herb.
viroſa 1.

430 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
.
herb. t. 15. f. 1, 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 2. f. 16.
melior.)
Strong-ſcented wild Lettuce. Anglis.
On banks and by way-ſides, but rare. We ob-
ferved it in the park at Edinburgh, at the foot of
Arthur's ſeat. š. VIII.
The ſtalk is three or four feet high, ſcattered over
with a few ſpines, and branched. The radical
leaves are broad and intire, but thoſe on the
ſtalk are not always fo, being ſometimes deeply
jagged or pinnated half-way to the rib, and all
of them armed with prickly ſerratures on the
edges. They embrace the ſtalk at the baſe, and
the rib on the under ſide is prickly. The upper
leaves alſo embrace the ſtalk, but are intire and
oval-lanceolate. The calyx and upper part of the
ftalk is viſcid. The flowers yellow. The ſeeds
have a ſharp prickly apex, are mark’d with tu-
berculous ſtreaks above their middle part, and
are crown’d with a ſoft fimple down, ſtanding on
a fine ſlender pedicle.
The whole plant is full of a bitter milky juice,
which, when dry, is infiammable, and not infe-
rior to opium in its virtues, The leaves are nar-
cotic, and if eaten will intoxicate, which has
occaſioned it to be called poiſonous, and men
have from thence been frighted from the uſe of
it; but it is a very gentle and ſafe opiate. The
beſt way of giving it is in a fyrrup made from
a decoction of the freſh leaves and ſtalk. In
this

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 431
this way it is ſaid to be much preferable to the
common diacodium, and may given to tender con-
ſtitutions with more ſafety.
muralis 1.
I.
PRENANTHES. Gen. pl. 911.
Recept. nudum. Cal. calyculatus. Pappus ſimplex,
ſubſeſſilis. Floſculi fimplici ſerie.
PRENANTHES flofculis quinis, foliis runcinatis.
Sp. pl. 1121. (Ger. em. 293. f. 5. Pet. herb. t. 15.
f. 5. Oed. Dan. t. 509. opt.)
Wall Lettuce, Ivy-leav'd wild Lettuce. Anglis.
On ſhady rocks, and on the walls of old caſtles in
the lowlands. 4. VII.
The ſtalk is two or three feet high, and greatly
branch'd at the top. The leaves have one or
two pair of haftate reverſed pinna, with a very
large triangular one at the end, ſlightly divided
into three acute lobes, which are dented on the
edges. They embrace the ſtalk at the baſe, and
the middle rib on the under fide is acute and
ferrated. The uppermoſt leaves are lanceolate.
The branches are naked, and form a lax panicle
of numerous ſmall yellow pendulous flow-
ers. The calyx conſiſts of five ſcales, with four
ſmaller ſupplementary ones at the baſe. The
Aower has only five ligulated forets, which are
truncated and have four dents. The ſeeds are
black, ſtreaked, of an oval-acute figure, and
crown’d with a ſimple down, which ſtands on a
Short pedicle.
LEONTODON

432 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
1.
LEONTODON. Gen. pl. 912.
Recept. nudum. Cal. imbricatus ſquamis laxiuſculis.
Pappus plumofus.
iaraxacum
LEONTODON calyce ſquamis infernè reflexis,
foliis runcinatis denticulatis lævibus. Lin. Syft.
nat. p. 521. Sp. pl. 1122. (Ger. em. 290. f. 1.
Pet. herb. t. 11. f. 7, 8. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 8. f.
1. ordinis medii. Blackwell t. 501. bona.)
Dandelion. Anglis.
Am bearnan-bride. Gaulis.
In meadows and paſtures common. 4. V. VI.
The Aoral ſtalks are ſmooth, tender, ſucculent, fif-
tular, and bear each a ſingle yellow flower. The
ſcales of the calyx are ſmooth, the exterior and
lowermoſt ones reflexed. The ſeeds are acutely
elliptical, rough, and crown'd wirh a ſimple down,
ſupported on a pedicle, and therefore has not
properly the characters of this genus.
paludoſum. It varies In marſhy grounds with leaves intire, or
,
only indented on the edges, which ſome authors
make a diſtinct ſpecies. (vid. Scopoli Flor. Carniola
11. 958. . 48.)
This we obſerv'd on the ſides of the mountains in
ifle of Skye, in moiſt places.
The plant has a bitter milky juice, and a remark-
able diuretic quality.
The young leaves in the ſpring, when blanch'd and
tender, are admired by many as a ſallad. They
a
a
are

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 433
2.
are recommended thus taken for the jaundice
and cachexy, and in a ſtrong decoction for the
gravel.
autumnale LEONTODON caule ramoſo, pedunculis ſqua-
moſis, foliis lanceolatis dentatis integerrimis gla-
bris. Sp. pl. 1123. (Ger. em. 296. f. 2. Pet. herb.
t. 12.f.: 3. 4. Moris. hift. S. 7. t. 7. f. 6. ordinis
inferioris.)
Yellow Devil's-Bit. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures frequent. 2. VIII.
The root is ſhort, thick, truncated and crown'd
with fibres The ſtalks naked and branch'd.
The radical leaves numerous, ſmooth, of a va-
riable figure, commonly deeply indented, or la-
ciniated half-way down to the rib, the lacinia
acute and intire.
Sometimes they are almoſt
intire, being only nightly dented. The ſtalk is
tumid under the flower. The calyx ſmooth; the
flowers yellow. The feed longiſh, and crown'd
with a plumoſe ſeſfile down.
The flower opens about ſeven o'clock in the morn-
ing, and cloſes at three in the afternoon.
3
hiſpidum 3 LEONTODON calyce toto erecto, foliis, dentatis
integerrimis hiſpidis, fetis furcatis. Lin. Syft. nat.
P. 522. Sp. pl. 1124. (Ger. emac. 303. f. 6. Pet.
herb. t. 11.f.9, 10. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 8. fig. ult.
ordinis medii ad dextram.)
Rough Dandelion. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures frequent. 2. VI.
Ff
The

434 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ZEQUALIS.
-
The radical leaves are numerous, rough, dry and
fapleſs, lanceolate, and either ſparingly indented,
or more commonly laciniated half way to the
rib : the laciniæ acute, and growing larger by
degrees towards the end of the leaf, which is
terminated with a triangular one. Theſe leaves
are covered with white rigid hairs, which are bi-
fid and trifid at the top. 1 he floral ftalks are firm,
hairy, deſtitute of leaves, eight or ten inches
high, and terminated each with a ſingle yellow
flower. The calyx is hairy. The exterior Parets
greeniſh or olive-color'd on the under ſide. The
Sed ſeeds are longer than the down and ſtriated : the
to down is plumoſe and ſtands on a ſhort pedicle.
That variety with leaves almoſt entire, or only ſpa-
ringly indented, growns in dry mountainous and
ſtony places.
The flowers generally open about four o'clock in
the morning, and ſhut up at three in the after-
noon.
.
alpinum I
HIERACIUM. Gen. pl. 213.
Recept. nudum. Cal. imbricatus, ovatus. Pappus
ſimplex, feffilis.
Scapo nudo unifloro.
HERACIUM foliis oblongis integris dentatis, fca-
po ſubnudo uniforo, calyce piloſo. Sp.pl. 1124.
Raj. Synop. p. 169. t. 6. f. 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 7, t.
7. f. 5. bona. Pet. herb. t. 11. f. 2 & fig. noft.)
5
Alpine Hawkweed. Anglis.
In

XVII
WOW
WAKOKWA
Hieracium alpinum
P. 434..
P. Maxell out
Misce Griffithe
dr.

را ان

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
435
-
In dry ſoil near the ſummits of the highland moun
tains in many places, as upon Ben-mor, and upon
Craig-vore, juſt above Loch-Laraig-an-Lochain,
both mountains in Breadalbane. Upon Corry-
yaal, and near the top of Bedan-nam-bian, the
the higheſt mountain in Glenco, in upper Lorn,
being, according to the obſervations of the inge-
nious Mr. Stuart, 3150 feet above the level of
the ſea. We obſerv'd this plant likewiſe upon
the high mountains to the ſouth of Little Loch
Broom, in Rosſhire, upon the weſtern coaſt; as
alſo on Ben-na-grion, two miles above M-Kinnon's
caſtle in Strath, in the iſle of Skye, ſo that it is
not a ſcarce plant upon the Britiſh Alps. 24. VII.
VIII.
The radical leaves vary in figure, ſome of them are
oval-obtuſe, others oval-lanceolate, often entire
on the edges, but ſometimes ſlightly dented, and
always ſprinkled on both ſides with white woolly
hairs : the ſtalk is generally about five inches
high, ſcattered with white hairs, which are fuf-
cous at the baſe, either quite deſtitute of leaves,
or furniſhed only with one ſmall narrow lanceo-
Jate rudiment or bractea near the top, and bears
a ſingle yellow flower : the calyx is black and co-
vered with white hairs: the ſeeds are oblong,
brown, angular, and crown'd with a ſimply-hairy
feffile down.
taraxaci 2. HIERACIUM foliis lanceolatis dentatis glabris ;
Ff 2
{capo

436
SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
25
fcapo fubnudo unifloro, calyce hirſuto. Sp. pl.
mon 1125. (Fig. nulla fidenda.)
Hawkweed, with yellow Devil's-bit leaves. Anglis.
In wet ground on the ſides of the highland moun-
tains, but not common. We gathered it on the
fide of a mountain call'd Ben na-Caillich, in the
pariſh of Chriſt's-Church, in Strath-Swardie, in
the iſle of Skye. 4. VII.
The radical leaves are ſmooth, narrow, lanceolate,
diftantly dented on the edges, and ſometimes pin-
natifid or jagged half way to the rib: they have
lony red footſtalks, and the middle rib is reddiſh :
the ſtalk is fix inches high, ſmooth towards the
baſe, but hairy at the top near the flower, deſti-
tute of leaves, except three or four minute ru-
diments or bracted towards the upper Parts, and
bears a ſingle yellow flower : the calyx is black
bosch and covered with fuſcous hairs, and the top of
3
the ſtalk juſt under it is tumid: the ſeeds are
soron
crown'd with a ſeſſile plumoje down, which laſt
character does not belong to this genus, and there-
-ാം fore Haller has placed it under his genus of Pi-
cris. Hift. Helvet, n. 27.
piloſella 3. HIERACIUM foliis integerrimis ovatis ſubtus to-
mentoſis, ſtolonibus repentibus, fcapo unifloro.
Lin. Syst. nat. p. 522. Sp. pl. 1125. (Ger. em. 638.
f. 2. Pet. herb. t. 11. f. 1. Moris, hiſi. 8. 7. 1. 8.
sodele
fig. due primæ ordinis fuperioris. Blackwell. t. 365)
oq
Moufe-ear Hawkweed. Anglis.
In

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMI A ÆQUALIS. 437
In dry barren paſtures common. 4. VI.
The calyx of this kind is black and hairy : the
flower fulphur-color'd, the exterior florets red on
the under fide. It opens at eight o'clock in the
morning, and cloſes at two in the afternoon.
The infect called by Linnæus Coccus Piloſella ad-
heres to the roots of this plant.
**
** Caule folioſo multifloro.
be
brai nogo snuport
murorum 4 H. caule ramofo; foliis radicalibus ovatis dentatis,
caulino minori. Sp. pl. 1128. (Ger. em. 304. f.),
2. Pet. herb. t. 13. f. 2, 3, 4, 5. 7. Bauh. 11, p.
9 seth 1034. bene. Moris. bift. S. 7. t. 5. f. 54)
Wall Hawkweed, French Lungwort. Anglis.
In woods and on walls and rocks frequent. 24. VII.
This plant varies exceedingly, as appears from the
different figures which are given of it. Its ge-
neral appearance is as follows: The root produces
one ſlender ftalk, a foot high, ſcatter'd with hairs,
having one lateral branch, and producing but few
VO
flowers : the leaves are chiefly radical, of an oval-
o bora
acute form, dented on the edges particularly at
O lub the baſe, are ſcattered with a few hairs, are red-
diſh underneath, and ſtand on foot-ftalks. The
inom
ftalk has commonly one or two leaves towards
its bafe like the preceding, only ſmaller, and
in ſupported alſo by a footſtalk: the branches are
are long, naked, bearing each two or three yellow
flowers: the calyx is blackiſh, covered with ful-
cous hairs : the ſeeds black and furrowd: from
the
a
F f3

438
SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
1
the firſt expanſion of the Aower to the repenning
of the ſeeds is about 18 days.
It varies 1. with leaves ſprinkled with white ſpots.
2. with narrower and more lanceolate leaves.
3. with radical leaves roundiſh.
4. with leaves pinnatifid at the baſe.
5. with naked unbranched ſtalks, bearing two, and
fometimes only one ſingle flower.---This laſt is
frequent upon the highland mountains in dry
rocky places. vid. Pet. herb. t. 11. f. 4.
peludoſum HIERACIUM caule paniculato, foliis amplexicau-
5.
libus dentatis glabris, calycibus hiſpidis. Sp. pl.
1129. (Ger. em. 300.f. 11. bona. Moris. biſt. S. 7.
t. 5. f. 47. Pet. herb. t. 13. f. 9. Gmelin. Fl. Siber.
II. t. 9. ſed vit:oſè, quoniam folia & caulis hirſuta)
Marſh Hawkweed. Anglis.
By the ſides of rivers in rocky places, both in the
highlands and lowlands, frequent. 2 ? VII. VIII.
The ſtalk is two feet high, ſmooth, and branched
into a thin panicle at top: the leaves are oval-
lanceolate, ſmooth and tender, ſharply dented on
the edges, the dents revers'd : the radical ones
which are four or five, have foliaceous dented
footſtalks: thoſe on the ſtalk, which are commonly
about three, diſtant from each other, are ſellile
and embrace the ſtalk at their baſe : the panicle
conſiſts only of about five or ſix yellow flowers,
one, two or three upon a branch : the calyces are
livid and cover'd with black hairs.
The

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 439
The flowers are open from ſix o'clock in the morn-
ing till five in the afternoon.
:
Jubaudum 6. H. caule erecto multifloro, foliis ovato-lanceolatis
dentatis femiamplexicaulibus. Sp. pl. 1131. (Pet.
not oqiherb. t. 13. f. 7. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. 1. 5. f. 59.
et Gmelin. Fl. Sibir. II. n. 30. t. 14.)
Broad-leav'd Bulhy Hawkweed. Anglis.
In woods and rough ſtoney places, but not very
common. 2. VII. VIII. Selle
The ſtalk is a yard high, hairy, ſtiff, and branched
at the top into a thin panicle : the leaves are
hairy and remotely dented: thoſe on the ſtalk
wo
are numerous, often crouded together in one part,
and ſometimes intire on the edges : the flowers
are yellow, and grow on hairy peduncles, fur-
niſhed with lanceolate braEtee : the calyx is livid,
se a little hairy, and ſometimes ſmooth : the recep-
tacle or bed upon which the florets are diſpoſed
is a little rough and hairy: the ſeeds when ripe
are black, ſtriated and quadrangular.
It varies ſometimes with roundiſh leaves; and at
othertimes with leaves almoſt ſmooth.
a
umbellatum HIERACIUM foliis linearibus ſubdentatis ſparſis,
7.
foribus ſubumbellatis. Sp. pl. 1131. (Ger. em.
298. f. 5. Pet. herb. t. 13. f. 11. Moris. hift. S. 7.
t. 5. f. 66.)
Narrow leav'd Buſhy Hawkweed. Anglis.
In rough ſtorey places, but not very common. We
obſerved

440
SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
obſerved it about the king's ſeat at Dunkeld, &c.
24. VIII.
The ſtalk is a yard high, erect and firm, and ter-
minated with an umbel of yellow flowers: the
leaves on the ſtalk are numerous, diſtant from
each other, ſmooth, of a narrow elliptic form,
dented on the edges, and ſometimes intire : the
peduncles are furniſhed with bractea: the calyx is
ſmooth and of a livid color: the receptacle is
rough, and pierced deeply with little cells.
There is a variety of this ſometimes found with nar-
row graſs-like leaves. (vid. Pet. herb. t. 13. f. 12.
And alſo another variety with a ſtalk not above 9
inches high, bearing often only a ſingle flower,
the leaves nearly oval and intire, and rough on
the edges. (Dillen. Eph. Nat. Cur. Cent. V. VI.
Append. p. 36. tab. 13. f. 1. Vaillant. 48.)
This Mr. Stuart obſerv'd about Loch-Rannoch, in
Perthſhire.
Theſe are uſed in Sweden to dye yarn of a fine yel-
low color.
y
а
a
CREPIS. Gen. pl. 914.
Recept. nudum. Cal. calyculatus ſquamis deciduis.
Pappus plumoſus, ſtipitatus.
te&torum 1. CREPIS foliis lanceolato-runcinatis feffilibus lævi-
bus, inferioribus dentatis. Lin. Syft. nat. p. 525.
Sp. pl. 1135. (Ger. em. 297. f. 4. Moris. hiſt. s.
7. t. 7.f. 29. Pet. herb. t. 12. f.6, 7, & ejus va-
rietas t. 12. f. 3, 4, 5.)
Smooth Succoxy Hawkweed. Anglis,
In

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 441
In meadows, paſtures, and upon thatch'd and turfed
cottages. 0. VII-IX.
The ſtalk varies from one to three feet high, firm,
and roundiſh at the baſe, but ftriated or furrow'd
upwards: the leaves are generally ſmooth, but
are ſometimes rough, with bifid hairs : the radi-
cal leaves are pinnatifid, the ſegments acute,
often revers’d, their ſegments at the baſe the
longeſt ; thoſe on the branches entire, linear,
pointed at the baſe, and the edges reflex’d: the
branches ariſe from the boſoms of the leaves :
the flowers are yellow, and grow in looſe cluſters
at the top of the branches: the ſcales of the
principal calyx are 12 or 13, erect, furrow'd, and
ſcattered with glutinous hairs: the ſcales of the
inferior ſupplementary calyx are only about five :
the ſtyles are fuſcous and are protruded without
the antheræ ; the down is plumoſe, and in this
ſpecies, contrary to one of the characters of the
genus, is feffile.
B.
It is a very variable plant.
Sometimes the leaves are only dented on the edges,
not jagged, as repreſented in Petiver's figure, t.
12. f. 5.
Sometimes it is dwarfiſh, and the ſtalk has no
leaves, but only narrow ftipula. Pet. herb. t. 12.
f. 3, 4.
y
HYOSERIS. Gen. pl. 916.
Recept. nudum. Cal. ſubæqualis. Pappus piloſus
vel obſoletus.
HYOSERIS

442 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
minima 1. HYOSERIS caule diviſo nudo, pedunculis incraf-
ſatis. Sp. pl. 1138. (Ger. em. 218. f. 8. Pet. herb.
t. 15. f. 9. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 1. f. 8. Oeder. Dan.
t. 201. opt.)
Small Swine’s Succory. Anglis.
In corn fields in a gravelly or ſandy ſoil, but rare.
20
Sibbald. 0. VI.
The whole plant is finooth, erect, and about ſix or
eight inches high : the radical leaves are nume-
rous, oval, acutely dented, and ſpread upon the
ground round the root : the ſtalks are red, and
wiry at the baſe, but green, fiſtular, and tumid
by degrees to the top: they are deſtitute of
leaves, and generally divided towards the top,
bearing each two or three yellow Powers: the in-
terior ſcales of the calyx are equal and acute ; the
exterior ſupplementary ones are ſlender, dry, and
form only one row or circle: the florets are trun-
cated, and have commonly five dents: the ſeeds
are ſhort and ftriated, nearly oval, and crown'd
with a very ſhort margin.
glabra 1.
HYPOCHÆRIS. Gen. pl. 918.
Recept. paleaceum. Cal. ſubimbricatus. Pappus
plumoſus.
HYPOCHÆRIS glabra, calycibus oblongis imbri-
catis, caule ramoſo nudo, foliis dentato-ſinuatis.
Ep. pl. 1140. (Oed. Dan. t. 424. opt. Moris. hift.
f. 7.1. 4. f. 35.)
Smooth Hawkweed. Anglis.
In

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 443
In mountainous paſtures and gravelly foils, but
not common. 0. s. *? VII. VIII.
The ſtalk is 12 or 18 inches high, and branched :
the radical leaves are of a long elliptic form,
Divit 10
acute at the end, and finuated or deeply indented
-
fair
on the edges, the dents acute; they are not al.
ways ſmooth, but ſometimes a little hairy: the
ſtaik-leaves are minute, ſeſile, oval-lanceolate,
the lower ones ſlightly dented, the upper ones
entire, and reſembling ſtipulæ : the peduncles are
chickeſt at the top juſt under the flowers: the
ſcales of the calyx are ſmooth, and very diſtinct :
the flowers yellow, and about half an inch in
diameter : the down of the ſeeds, which are
placed in the centre of the diſc, is ſupported on
pedicles, but of thoſe in the margin is feſile.
al
Hadicata 2. "HYPOCHÆRIS foliis runcinatis obtuſis ſcabris,
caule ramoſo nudo lævi, pedunculis ſquamoſis.
.blo Sp. pl. 1140. (Ger. em. 298, f. 6. Moris. hiſt. ſ.
7. t. 4. f. 27. Oed. Dan. t. 150.)
Long-rooted Hawkweed. Anglis.
In meadows and paſtures frequent. 4. VII.
The root is long, thick and white : the radical
leaves are hairy and roughiſh, and lie proſtrate
on the ground round the root : they are jagged
half way to the rib, the anterior lacinia being
broadeſt, and the extremity of the leaf obtuſe :
the ſtalks are naked, (except a few ſmall oval-
acute ſtipulæ) ſmooth, tough and pliant, branched,
12 or 15 inches high, and thickeſt at top juſt
under

444 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA QUALIS.
:
under the Rowers : the interior ſcales of the calyx
and thoſe of the baſe are ſmooth, the others have
their carina near the apex ciliated with white
hairs : the flowers are yellow, and above an inch
in diameter, the marginal forets reddiſh or livid
underneath : the ſeeds are narrow, elliptical, red-
diſh and ſtreak’d, the ſtreaks above the middle
paro denticulated : the down conſiſts of about 30
pulmoſe rays ftanding on a pedicle as long as the
rays, but ſhorter than the paleæ, or thoſe chaffy
ſubſtances which are placed amongſt the forets
upon the receptacle.
The plant yields a bitter milky juice, ſmelling like
opium.
The flowers cloſe up at three o'clock in the after-
tha
LAPSANA. Gen. pl. 919.
Recept. nudum. Calyx calyculatus, ſquamis fingulis
interioribus caniculatis. Pappus nullus.
communis I LAPSANA calycibus fructus angulatis, pedunculis
tenuibus ramofiffimis. Sp.pl. 1141. (Ger. em. 255.
Pet. herb. t. 14. f. 12. Moris. hift. S. 7. t. 1. f.9.
Oed. Dan. t. 500. opt.)
seth
Nipplewort. Anglis.
In cultivated grounds and waſte places frequent.
O. VII. VII.
The ftalk is ere&, from two to five feet high, and
branched : the lower leaves are pinnatifid, hav-
ing commonly two ſmall pinnu'a upon the foot-
noon.
COO
Italk,

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 445
a
ſtalk, and one large oval finuated one terminating
the leaf : the upper ones are feffile, acutely oval
and dented: the branches are almoſt naked, and
form a kind of looſe open panicle of yellow flow-
ers: the calyx is ſmooth and conſiſts of 8 ſcales,
growing together in a furrow'd cylinder, with five
other unequal ſupplementary ones at the baſe :
the fowrets are from 18 to 22 in each flower:
the calyces become angular as the ſeeds ripen :
the ſeeds are ſtriated, a little gibbous and deſtitute
of down.
The young leaves in the ſpring have the taſte of
radiſhes, and are eaten by the inhabitants of Con-
ſtantinople raw as a ſallad. In ſome parts of Eng-
land the common people boil them as greens, but
they have a bitter and not agreeable taſte.
Capitali, flofculis omnibus tubuloſis hermaphroditis.
ARCTIUM. Gen. pl. 923.
Cal. globofus ; ſquamis apice hamis inflexis.
lappa 2. ARCTIUM foliis cordatis inermibus petiolatis.
Sp. pl. 1143. (Ger. em. 809. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 32.
f. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Moris. hift. S. 7.1. 32. f. 1.2.
Blackwell. t. 117. Miller. ic. 159.)
Burdock. Anglis.
Mac-an-dogha, Suircean ſuirich, Gaulis.
In waſte places by way-ſides, and in paſtures at
the foot of mountains frequent. X. VII. VIII.
The root is long, ſimple, ftrait and thick: the
leaves are very large, heart ſhap'd, obtuſe, wooly
underneath,
a

446 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
underneath, and lightly dented on the edges :
the ſtalk is two or three feet high and branch'd :
the flowers are purple and grow in fphærical heads,
forming a kind of cluſter'd umbel : the calyces
are ſometimes ſmooth, and ſometimes interwoven
with a vooly or cobweb kind of matter : the
ſcales are hooked at the end, and readily adhere
to any thing they touch : the florets are all tu-
bular, hermaphrodite, and have five dents in the
rim: the receptacle upon which the florets are
diſpos'd is cover'd with briſtly paleæ : the ſeeds
are crown'd with a ſhort brittle down, which thro'
a microſcope appears to be plumoſe.
This plant, tho' generally neglected, is capable of
being apply'd to many uſes ----the root and ſtalks
are eſculent and nutritive: the ſtalks for this pur-
pore ſhould be cut before the plant Alowers, the
rind peeld off, and then boil'd and ſerv’d
up
in
the manner of cardoons, or eaten raw as a ſallad
with oil and vinegar.
It is likewiſe us’d in medicine : the great Boerhave
recommends a decoction of it in pleuriſies, perip-
neumonies, and malignant fevers. In the ſame
manner it is ſaid to have cur'd the venereal dif-
eaſe. An elixir of it has been alſo much ex-
tolld for the gout; and an emulſion of the ſeeds
has a powerful diuretic quality. Outwardly ap-
ply'd the leaves have been found ſerviceable in
headachs, the gout, and odematous ſwellings.
Cattle refuſe to eat it: but ſheep propagate it by
conveying

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 447
conveying the ſeeds from place to place in their
wool.
SERRATULA. Gen. pl. 924.
Cal. ſubcylindricus, imbricatus, muticus.
tin&toria 1. SERRATULA foliis lyrato-pinnatifidis; pinna
terminali maxima, flofculis conformibus. Sp. pl.
1144. (Ger. em. 713. f. 2. Pet. herb. t. 22. f.5.6.
Oed. Dan. t. 281.)
Saw-wort. Anglis.
In woods and wet paſtures, but not common. 24.
VII. VIII.
The ſtalk is ſtiff, angular, branch’d and a yard high;
the leaves are firm, ſmooth and finely ferrated on
the edges : the lower leaves are ſometimes oval
and intire, ſometimes pinnatifid at the baſe only;
at other times they, together with thoſe on the
ſtalk, are all pinnatifid throughout, with oval
lanceolate pinnale : the flowers are purple, and
grow in a kind of cluſtered umbel at the top of
the ſtalk: the calyces are nearly cylindrical, the
ſcales erect, acutely oval, cloſely compacted, and
and a little wooly on the edges: the receptacle
has rigid hairs: the ſeeds are crown'd with a feſfile
ſhining, ſimple down, of a golden fuſcous color.
It dyes cloth of an exceeding fine yellow color, pre-
ferable to the LUTEOLA or GENISTA; and the
color ſtands well when fix'd with alum.
Cattle are obſerv'd to leave this plant untouch'd.
S. calycibus

448 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
T.
3
alpina 2. S. calycibus fubhirſutis ovatis, folijs indiviſis. Sp.
pl. 1145. (Pluk. alm. t. 154.f. 3. Gmelin. Fl. Sibir.
2. P 67. t. 26. Ger. em. 1184. f. 7. Moris. hiſt.
. 7. t. 29. f. 1. Oed. Dan. t. 37. var, foliis lance-
olatis anguſtis.)
Alpine Saw-wort. Alpine ſoft Thiſtle. Anglis.
It grows on the ſides of the highland mountains in
many places, as among the rocks on the eaſtern
ſide of Mal-ghyrdy, and near the top of Ben-
cruipen, in Breadalbane; on the north fide of
Stuic-an-lochain, in Glen-lyon; upon Ben-achala-
der, and Ben-dotha, in Glenorchy ; and upon
Malmore, a mountain in Glenco, in Upper-Lorn,
about two thirds of the way. We found it alſo
upon a Brae, a mile from Taliſkar, in the iſle of
Skye, between the two rocks called Great and
Little Breeze-Hill. We are informed that it has
been gathered likewiſe in the lowlands near Mof-
fat, in Annandale, ſo that it is not a very ſcarce
plant in North-Britain. 2. VIII. IX.
It is commonly about 10 or 12 inches high, but va-
ries from fix inches to two feet: the leaves are
uſually of an oval lanceolate figure, ſparingly
dented, or flightly finuated on the edges, and
woolly underneath ; but theſe again vary very
much, being ſometimes nearly heart-ſhap'd, and
at other times of a narrow lanceolate forın : the
ſtalk is firm, unbranch’d, woolly and reddiſh : the
flowers are purple and grow in a cluſter at the
top, with one or two at a little diſtance below:
the calyx when mature is cylindrical: the ſcales
a
28

XIX
Horvatula alpina
P. 448
Moves
Griffitta del
P Mazell soup

UNIL
OF
NICH

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 449
are broad, ſhort, nearly triangular and woolly :
the receptacle is hairy : the feed is crown’d with
a feffile plumoſe down.
arvenſis 3.
SERRATULE foliis dentatis ſpinoſis. Sp. pl.
1149. (Ger. em. 1173. f. 4. Column. ecphras. I. p.
45. t. 45. Moris. hiſt. f. 7, t. 32. f. 14.)
Common Way-Thiſtle, or Corn-Thiſtle. Anglis.
Foghenan, Cluaran. Gaulis.
In cultivated grounds and by way-ſides. 4. VII.
The root is long and creeping: the ſtalk a yard
high, erect, branch’d, ſmooth and angular, but
not winged: the leaves are generally ſmooth, of
a lanceolate figure, either indented on the edges,
or pinnatifid, the lacinia undulated, angular and
dented; the dents ending in fpines : the flowers
are commonly purple, but ſometimes white, and
grow in looſe umbels, one or two upon long
woolly peduncles: the calyx is longiſh, and con-
ſiſts of numerous compact lanceolate ſcales, which
end in a ſhort harmleſs ſpine: the receptacle has
ſhort ſetaceous hairs : the down on the ſeeds is
long and plumoſe.
The plant when burnt yields good aſhes for glaſs-
making.
CARDUUS. Gen. pl. 925.
Cal. ovatus, imbricatus, ſquamis ſpinoſis. Recept.
piloſum.
* Foliis decurrentibus.
CARDUUS
GS

450 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
lanceolatusi CARDUUS foliis decurrentibus pinnatifidis hiſpi-
dis, laciniis divaricatis ; calycibus ovatis ſpinoſis
villoſis, caule piloſa. Sp. pl. 1149. (Ger. em. 1174.
f. 6. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 31. f. 7. ordinis ſuperio-
ris.)
Spear-Thiſtle. Anglis.
An deilgneach. Geulis.
By way-ſides frequent. M. VII. VIII.
The ſtalk is three or four feet long, arm’d with ſhort
foliaceous, and ſharply pricked wings : the leaves
are pinnatifid, the lobes bifid, ſpear-ſhap'd, di-
varicated, or alternately elevated and depreſſed
above and below the diſc, the nerves ending in
very ſharp and ſtrong ſpines, the extreme lobe
much longer than the reſt. They are green and
rough on the upper fide, but hoary underneath :
the calyces are woolly; the outermoft ſcales lan-
ceolate, reflex'd, and terminated with ſpines : the
innermoſt ſetaceous, dry and unarm’d: the flo-
rets are all tubular and purple : the receptacle,
hairy and conical : the down plumoſe.
nutans 2.
CARDUUS foliis ſemi decurrentibus ſpinoſis, flo-
ribus cernuis ; ſquamis calycinis fupernè patenti-
bus. Sp. pl. 1150. (Pet. herb. t. 21. f. 1. Hort.
Aichſtett. aſtiv. ord. xi. t. 2. fig. 2. Moris. hiſt. S.
7. 4. 31 f. 6. ordinis ſuperioris, bona.)
Mulk-Thiſtle. Anglis.
In waſte places near towns, and in dry paſtures and
rough ſtoney foils. 3. VII. VIII.
The

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 451
Theftalk is two or three feet high, but little branch'd,
beſet with prickly wings, ſhort, and interrupted,
not running all the way from one leaf to another :
the leaves are pinnatifid, the nerves hairy, the
is for lobes angular, and arm’d with ſtrong ſharp ſpines.
The peduncles are long, and bear each a ſingle,
large purple, nodding flower, having a ſtrong
muſky ſmell, eſpecially in the evening, when the
odour is condens’d. The ſcales of the calyx are
commonly of a dull red color, terminated with
ſtrong ſpines, the exterior ones ſtanding wide and
open, the interior erect: the receptacle is ſetace-
ous: the down long but ſimple.
The dry'd flowers of this and the preceding ſpecies
are uſed in ſome countries as a rennet to curdle
milk.
Many kinds of Phalænæ are fond of the flowers,
and hover over them at night.
acanthoides CARDUUS foliis decurrentibus pinnatifidis mar-
3.
gine ſpinoſis, calycibus aggregatis feffilibus ſub-
cylindricis glabris. (Pet. herb. t. 21. f. 3. Moris.
hiſt. S. 7. t. 31. f. 13.)
Grey welted Thiſtle. Anglis.
Upon banks and in waſte places near towns and
villages. O. VI. VII.
The ſtalk is a yard high or more, but little branch’d,
widely wing’d, the wings ſinuated and edg’d with
prickles: the leaves are pinnatifid, woolly under-
neath, and ſlightly ſo above, the lobes triangular,
Gg 2
their

452
SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
a
:
their edges angular and prickly : the flowers are
of a pale red color, almoſt white, are feffile, and
grow a few here and there upon the ſtalk, but
in cluſters at the ſummit: the calyces are acutely
conical before flowering, but cylindrical after-
wards: the ſcales are lanceolate, quite ſmooth,
a little reflex'd at the apex, and end with a ſpine ;
the down is ſeſſile, long and ſimple.
The CARDUUS acanthoides, of Linnæus, is cer-
tainly a different plant from that which we have
here deſcribed, as his ſpecific difference and deſcrip-
tion will by no means accord with ours; but as
the ſynonyms which he has cited under his C,
acanthoides, belong to our plant, we have thought
proper to retain his trivial name, and apply a new
Specific difference.
friſpus 4.
و
.
CARDUUS foliis decurrentibus ſinuatis, margine
ſpinoſis; Aoribus aggregatis terminalibus, ſqua-
mis inermibus ſubariſtatis patulis. Lin. Syft. nat.
p. 529. Sp. pl. 1150: (Loeſel. Pruf. 34. t. 5.Ger.
em. 173. f. I.)
Thiſtle upon Thiſtle. Arglis.
By way-ſides and in waſte places. 0. VI. VII.
The ſtalk is green, three or four feet high, branch’d,
brittle, uninterruptedly winged throughout, the
wings being criſped or curled : the leaves are
ſoft and woolly underneath with green veins,
ſinuated or pinnatifid on the edges, the lobes
angular and prickly: the flowers are commonly
purple, and moſt of them grow in cluſters at
the

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 453
the top of the ſtalk, upon woolly peduncles :
the calyx is about the ſize of a hazel-nut: the
ſcales are acute but not pungent, the inferior enes
recurv'd, the others erect.
paluſtris 5. C. foliis decurrentibus dentatis, margine ſpinoſis ;
floribus racemoſis erectis pedunculis inerm bus.
Sp. pl. 1151. (Pet. herb. t. 21. f. 4. Moris. hiſt. S.
7. t. 32. f. 13. Gmelin. Fl. Sibir. II. p. 57. tab.
23. f. 2.)
Marſh Thiſtle. Anglis.
In noiſt meadows and ſhady places. 2. VII.
The ſtalk is fix feet high, furrow'd, having very
few leaves or branches, but defended every where
with numerous foliaceous prickly wings: the
leaves which are few, are green, a little downy
underneath, pinnatifid, the pinne divided into
two ſhort angular lobes, the nerves ending in
long prickles, and the pinne terminating the leaf
much longer than the reſt : the flowers are pur-
ple, and grow in cluſters at the ſummit of the
ſtalk upon unarm’d peduncles, which cluſters,
as they advance to maturity, open and become
a lax umbel : the calyces are viſcid, about half
an inch long, and one third of an inch thick,
and often a little woolly : the ſcales are lanceo-
late, cloſely imbricated, fucculent, reddiſh, the
outermoſt recurv'd, patent, and terminated with
an innocent ſpine, the innermoſt pointed, but
without a ſpine : the receptacle is ſetaceous, the
down ſeſlile and plumoſe.
Gg 3
The

454 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
The tender ſtalk of this and moſt of the thiftles
are eſculent, being firſt peeld and boild, In
this manner the inhabitants of Smoland in Sweden,
as Linnæus informs us, often eat them.
** Foliis feflibus.
marianus 6 CARDUUS foliis amplexicaulibus haſtato-pin-
natifidis ſpinofis ; calycibus aphyllis, fpinis
canaliculatis duplicato-ſpinoſis. Sp. pl. 1153.
(Ger. emac. 1150. Moris. hift. S. 7. t. 30. f. 1. 0%-
y dinis medii ad dextram. Blackwell t. 79.)
Milk Thiſtle. Anglis.
Upon banks and waſte places about towns and vil-
lages, but probably only an outcaſt of gardens.
Upon the caſtle rock at Edinburgh. Dr. Parſons.
O. VII.
The leaves are large, ſmooth, green, but reticulated
with white nerves : one large erect purple
flower terminates each branch: the peduncle is
almoſt naked for ſome diſtance under the flower :
the ſcales of the celyx are terminated with an
oval appendage which is edged with ſharp ſpines,
the extreme one of which is longeſt and very
ſtrong and pungent: the down which crowns the
feeds is plumoſe.
There is a variery of this, the leaves of which are
deftitute of white veins.
The tender leaves ſtrip'd of their ſpines, are by
ſome boild and eaten as garden-ſtuff.
An
1

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 455
An emulſion of the feeds has ſometimes been us’d
to thin the blood, and to cure ftiches and pleu-
riſies, but at preſent is rarely practis’d,
21.
eriophorus CARDUUS foliis fefilibus bifariam pinnatifidis,
7.
laciniis alternis erectis, calycibus globoſis villoſis.
Sp. pl. 1153. (Ger. em. 1152. f. 6. Pet. herb. t.
. f. 8. Miller. ioon. 293. bono.)
Woolly-headed Thiſtle, Anglis.
By the ſea ſide between Blackneſs and the Queen's-
Ferry, according to Sibbald ? $. VII.
The ſtalk is four or five feet high, ſtrong, rough,
furrow'd and branched : the lower leaves which
ſpread on the ground are often two feet long :
they are green and rough on the upper fide, but
white and woolly underneath, and have a leafy
border running along the middle rib: the
ſegments of the leaves point alternately upwards
and downwards, and are divided into two lobes,
the nerve of one of them ending in a ſtrong ſharp
ſpine, the other long and lanceolate : the branches
are terminated with large ſphærical heads of pur-
ple flowers: the ſcales of the calyx are lanceolate,
erect, terminated with a yellow ſpine, and are
curiouſly interwoven with a fine cobweb down:
the ſeeds are white, nearly oval, compreſſed, ob-
liquely truncated, and crown'd with a plumoſe
down.
This is one of the moſt elegant plants of the genus.
The receptacles are pulpous and eſculent, like
thoſe of the artichoke.
'CARDUUS

456 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
CARDUUS foliis amplexicaulibus lanceolatis cili-
heterophyl-
atis integris laciniatiſque, caule ſubunifloro, ca-
lus 8.
lyce inermi. Sp. pl. 1154. (Pet. herb. t. 22. f. 1.
Ger. em. 1183. f. 5. & fig. Cirſii anglici Lobelii.
Moris. hift. S. 7. t. 29. f. 13 & 12. & fortaffe 11)
Soft or gentle Thiſtle. Anglis.
In low marſhy paſtures and by the ſides of lakes,
but not common. We obſerv'd it in the iſland
of Iſa. 4. VII.
The root is fibrous, creeping, and ſometimes tu-
berous: the ſtalk is erect, from ſix to twenty-
four inches high, ſingle, and covered with white
woolly down : the radical leaves are acutely el-
liptical, about three or four in number, fome-
times intire on the edges, ſometimes pinnatifid,
particularly near the baſe, with ſhort ſegments,
always white and woolly underneath, and ſome-
times ſlightly ſo above, and ciliated on the edges
with ſmall innocent prickles: the ſtalk has ge-
nerally one or two leaves upon it near the root,
which embrace it at the baſe, but without auri-
cles : beſides theſe there is a lanceolate rudimen-
tal leaf or bractea, placed about the middle of
the ſtalk: one large head of purple flowers ter-
minates the ſtalk, and ſometimes another ariſes
upon a peduncle a little below it: the head of
the Aowers is an inch long, and three quarters of
an inch wide: the ſcales of the calyx are lanceo-
late, erect, a little woolly, of a dull purple co-
lor on the back and at the ſummits, pointed,
but not pungent: the ſtyles are longer than the
antheræ : the down on the ſeeds plumoſe.
a
a
This

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 457
This is the ſame plant with che Circium Anglicum I.
Raj. Synop. p. 193. and which Mr. Hudſon in his
Flor. Anglic. has by miſtake called CardUUS
diſeEtus. Lin.
helenioides CARDUUS foliis amplexicaulibus lanceolatis den-
9.
tatis; ſpinulis inæqualibus ciliatis, caule inermi.
Sp. pl. 1155. (Clus. hiſt. 2. p. 148. Cirfium angli-
cum 2. Ger. em. 1183. Cirſii anglici alia icon Pennei
Miller. ic. 94. Haller, hiſt. Helv. n. 180.6.7. opt.)
Melancholy Thiſtle. Anglis.
Cluas-an-fheidh. Gaulis.
By the ſides of rivulets in high ground in Breadal-
bane, Athol, and all parts of the inland high-
lands not unfrequent. We obſerv'd it near the
foot of Ben-huardal, in the iſle of Skye. 4.VII.VIII.
The ſtalk is five or ſix feet high, angular, hollow,
a little woolly, hardly at all branched, but fur
niſhed with many leaves from the bottom almoſt
to the top : the radical leaves are of a long el-
liptic form, and are ſupported by footſtalks: the
ſtalk-leaves are ſeſſile and heart ſhap'd at the
baſe, where they embrace the ſtalk, but are ſeven
or eight inches long, and lanceolate upwards:
they are all intire white and hoary underneath,
but green above, finely dented on the edges,
and ciliated with harmleſs prickles : the bra&teæ
or floral leaves near the ſummit of the ſtalk are
ſubulate : the flower is large, erect, purple, and
ſpecious, an inch and half long, and near two
inches in diameter when full blown, and termi-
nates the ſtalk: one and ſometimes two more
flowers grow below it on long peduncles ariſing
from

458
SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
a
from the alæ of the leaves : the ſcales of the
calyx are lanceolate, erect, acute, but not pun.
gent, and of a dull purple color : the ſtyles are
much longer than the anthere ; and the down
of the ſeeds is plumoſe.
A variety of this ſometimes occurs, having leaves
near their ſummits pinnatifid, as figur’d in Oe-
der's Fl. Dan. teb 109.
a
a
acaulis 10. CARDUUS acaulis calyce glabro. Sp. pl. 1156.
(Ger. em. 1158. f. 3. Pet. berb. t. 21. f. 6. Moris.
hiſt. S. 7. t. 32. f. 22.)
Dwarf Carline Thiſtle. Anglis.
In dry paſtures, but not common. 24. VII.
The leaves lie cloſe to the ground round the root,
ſo as to occupy a circle of a foot or more in dia-
meter, upon which ſpace no other plants or
her bage can grow. They are therefore very
detrimental to paſtures. Theſe leaves are pin-
natifid, their ſegments angular, divided into two
or three lobes, which are edged with ſtrong
{pines: one head of purple flowers, and ſome-
times more, ſtands in the centre of the leaves up-
on a ſtalk hardly an inch high: the ſcales of the
calyx are ſmooth, fat, and acute, but not pun-
gent: the down of the ſeeds is plumoſe, and an
inch long; the ſeeds not above 1-6th of an inch.
ONOPORDUM. Gen. pl. 927.
Recept. favoſum. Cal. ſquanæ nucronatæ.
ONOPORDUM

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA EQUALIS. 459
acanthium ONOPORDUM calycibus ſquarorſis, ſquamis pa-
tentibus; foliis ovato-oblongis ſinuatis. Lin fyft.
nat. p. 531. Sp. pl. 1198. (Ger. em. 1:49. f. 1.
Moris. hiſt. . 7. t. 30. f. 1. ſuperioris & medii or-
dinis. Lees. Fl. Pruſ. p. 261. icon. 81.)
Cotton Thiſtle. Angiis.
In waſte places near towns and villages, as at Weems
on the coaſt of Fife, and half a mile beyond
Preſton-Pans, &c. $. VHI.
The ſtalk is fix feet high, branched, and wing’d
throughout from the baſe to the calyx : the ſtalk
and leaves are fometimes cover'd all over with a
white cotton down, ſo as to appear quite hoary ;
at other times this downy covering is flight, and
then they put on a pallid green color : the leaves
are ſeſſile, decurrent, of an oval-lanceolate form,
ſinuated with triangular dents, each angle ending
with a ſtrong ſpine : the heads of flowers are vio-
let-color'd, and terininate the branches: the ſcales
of the calyx ſtand open, and end in a ſharp ſpine :
the receptacle is pierc'd with quadrangular cells,
which receive the ſeeds, crown'd with ſeffile ca-
pillary down.
The receptacles of the flowers, and the tender
ftalks peeld and boild, may be eaten in the ſame
manner as artichokes and cardoons.
A decoction of the root is reckoned a ſpecific in a
recent Gonorrhea, according to Scopoli. Flor. Car-
niol. 1013
CARLINA.

460
SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
CARLINA. Gen. pl. 929.
Col. radiatus ſquamis marginalibus longis, coloratis.
vulgaris 1. CARLINA caule multifloro corymboſo floribus
terminalibus, calycis radio albo. Lin. Syft. nat. p.
532. Sp. pl. 1161. (Ger. em. 1159. f. 1.)
Common Carline Thiſtle. Anglis.
In dry hilly paſtures, but not very common. g.
VII.
The ſtalk is about a foot high, erect, purple, an-
gular, a little woolly, furniſhed with many leaves,
and branched at top: the leaves are woolly un-
derneath, and pinnatifid, with ſhort angular
plaited ſegments, terminated with ſharp yellow
ſpines: the upper leaves at the baſe of the calyx
are lanceolate and dented on the edges, the dents
ending each in two rigid ſpines : the Aowers ge-
nerally crown the ſtalk in an umbel, but ſome-
times it bears only one or two flowers : the inferior
ſcales of the calyx reſemble the upper leaves of
the ſtalk : the ſucceeding ones are edged with
branched ſpines, purple at the baſe, but yellow
at the points : the interior ones are long and lan-
ceolate, dry and ſhining, ſtraw-color'd on the
inſide, but fuſcous on the outſide at the baſe,
and ſpread like rays in a circle round the diſc:
the florets are all hermaphrodite, tubular, di-
vided into 5 dents, and of a dark red or pur-
ple color at the rim: the receptacle is beſet with
fetaceous chaff or pula : the down of the ſeeds
:
is

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 461
is feffile and plumoſe, and conſiſts of eleven or
twelve branched rays.
The dry ſtalk and calyces of this plant often con-
tinue ſtanding for a whole year after the ſeeds
have ripen'd, a miſerably looking fkeleton ! Lin.
Fl. Suec.
1
BIDENS. Gen. pl. 932.
Diſcoidea.
Recept. paleaceum. Pappus ariſtis ere&is, fcabris.
Cal. imbricatus. Cor. rarius floſculo uno alterne
radiante inftruitur.
tripartita I BIDENS foliis trifidis, calycibus ſubfolioſis, ſemi-
nibus erectis. Sp. pl. 1165. (Ger. em. 711. f. 1.
Loes. Fl. Pruſ. p. 53. f. 10. Moris. hiſt. S. 6. t. 5.
f. 20. Pet. herb. t. 20. f. 7.)
Trifid Water-hemp-agrimony, or Bur-marygold.
Anglis.
By the ſides of rivulets, ditches and lakes frequent.
O. VIII.
The ſtalk is two feet high, and branched : the
leaves are divided into three and often five lan-
ceolate ſerrated lobes: the upper leaves are ſim-
ple and oval-lanceolate : the heads of flowers
terminate the branches, and grow erect: under
the calyx is a circle of green ciliated leaves : the
ſcales of the calyx are oval, obtuſe, erect, of a
green color, ſtreaked with black, and looſely
imbricated : the interior ones have yellow mar-
gins, and approach to the nature of the florecs :
the
a

462 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
the forets are yellow and tubular, and are ſome-
times, but not always, ſurrounded with ſemiflor-
culous rays: the receptacle has chaffy ſcales be-
tween the florets: the ſeeds are fattiſh and an-
gular, and have two beards ariſing from the an-
gles, which are hooked or barbed downwards,
and generally another ſhorter beard, which ariſes
from the middle of the back of the feed.
As this plant is found by a chemical analyſis to pol-
ſeſs much the ſame qualities as the celebrated
VERBESINA Acmella, a plant belonging to a
genus very nearly related to this, it is probable
it would have the ſame good effects in expelling
the ſtone and gravel.
A decoction of this plant with alum dyes yarn with
a yellow color. The yarn muſt be firſt ſteep'd in
alum-water, then dry'd and ſteep'd in a decoc-
tion of the plant, and afterwards boild in the
decoction.
The ſeeds have been known fometinies to deſtroy
the CYPRINUS auratus, or gold fiſh, by adher-
ing to their gills and jaws.
cernua 2.
BIDENS foliis lanceolatis amplexicaulibus, foribus
cernuis, feminibus erectis. Sp. pl. 1165. (Loes.
Fl. Pruſ. p. 54. f. 11. Moris. hiſt. ſ. 6. t. 5. f.
22. Pet. herb. t. 20. f. 6)
Nodding Water-hemp-agrimony, or Bur-marygold.
Anglis.
In

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS. 463
In marſhy places, and by the fides of lakes. Dr.
Parſons. 0. VIII.
The whole plant is ſmooth, a cubit high, and
branched : the leaves are lanceolate, ſerrated,
oppoſite to each other, ſeſſile, and coaleſcent at
the baſe : the flowers grow ſingly at the tops of
the branches, and after ſhedding their feminal
powder, hang down their heads : the lower ſcales
of the calyx are foliaceous : the flowers are yel-
low, and ſometimes radiated, but not often : the
ſeed is quadrangular, and has four beards, two of
which are longer than the others.
minima ß. A ſmall variety of this fometimes occurs, from
three to fix inches, which ſome authors have made
a diſtinct ſpecies, becauſe the heads of flowers
are erect. But this is not always the caſe, for we
have often ſeen them nod, and are therefore
fully perſuaded that it is either an autumnal
ſeedling, produced from an early plant of the
preceding, with which it grows promiſcuouſly,
or elſe is rendered dwarfiſh by ſome accidents of
growth. (See the figures of it in liay's Synops.
p. 188. t. 7. f. 2. & Oed. Fl, Dan. t. 312.)
This has nearly the ſanie virtues with the preced-
ing, but rather in an inferior degree. It alſo
dyes yellow.
2
EUPATORIUM. Gen. pl. 955.
Recept. nudum. Pappus plumofus. Cal. imbricatus,
oblongus. Stylus femibifidus, longus.
EUPATORIUM

464 SYNGENESIA: :
1.
.
POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
cannabinum EUPATORIUM foliis digitatis. Spor pl. 1173
(Ger. em. 711. f. 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 13. f. 1.
Blackwell t. 110.)
Hemp-agrimony, Dutch-agrimony. Anglis,
On the banks of rivers and lakes not unfrequent.
In Clifton-Ings, and among the rocks below
King horne. Dr. Parſons. 4. VIII.
The ſtalks are hairy, quadrangular, and from
three to fix feet high: the leaves are hairy, op-
poſite, ternate, the lobes ſerrated, the middle
one oval-lanceolate, and much larger than the
others. In ſome the lateral lobes are wanting,
or elſe are very ſmall. The flowers are of a
pale red or purple color, and grow in thick
umbels at the top of the branches: the ſcales
of the calyx are of unequal ſize, not above ten
in number, and red on the margins : the florets
are all hermaphrodite and tubular, longer than
the calyx, and five in each : the feed is black,
pyramidal, and crown'd with down, which is
very ſlightly plumoſe.
The plant has a very bitter taſte. A decoction of
the roots operates as a violent emetic and cathar-
tic, and is ſometimes taken by the lower claſs
of people to cure the jaundice, dropſy, and ca-
chexy, but is a rough medicine, and ought to
be uſed with caution. The great Boerhave made
uſe of an infuſion of this plant to foment ulcers
and putrid ſores. Tournefort informs us, that
the Turks cure the ſcurvy with it. An ounce of
che juice, or a dram of the extract is a doſe.
POLYGAMIA

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 465
POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
vulgare 1.
.f.9
Diſcoidea.
TANACETUM. Gen. pl. 944.
Recept. nudum. Pappus fubmarginatus. Cal. imbri-
catus,hemiſphæricus. Corollulæ radii obſoletæ, 3-fidæ.
TANACETUM foliis bipinnatis inciſis ferrratis.
sp. pl. 1184. (Ger. em. 650. f. 1. Pet. herb. t.
20. f. 9. Moris. hiſt. S. 6. t. 1. fig. prima. Gmelin.
Fl. Sibir. II. p. 133. t. 65. f. 1. Blackwell. t.
464. optima.)
Common Tanſy. Anglis.
On the borders of fields, and on dry banks, but
not very common. We obſerv'd plenty of it
about Wark and Ford-Caſtle, not far from Kelſo,
on the borders of Scotland, and by the fide of
Gare-Loch, on the weſtern coaſt of Roſs-ſhire.
Dr. Parfons likewiſe found it in the den of Be-
thaick, and Mr. Stuart in Breadalbane. 24. VIII.
The ſtalk is three or four feet high, erect, ſtiff and
branched. The flowers are yellow, and terminate
the branches in flat umbels: the calyx is imbri-
cated with many compact ſeries of acute ſcales :
the compound flower appears to be deſtitute of
rays, but upon a cloſer examination it will be
found to have ſeveral ſhort feinale trifid fiorets in
the rim.
It has a bitter taſte, and aromatic ſmell. It is
eſteemed good to warm and ſtrengthen the ſto-
Hh
mach,
a

466 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
mach, for which reaſon the young leaves in the
ſpring have receiv'd a place among the culinary
herbs, their juice being an ingredient in puddings,
tanſies, and other dainties. It is rarely uſed in
medicine, tho' extolld as a good emmanagogue.
A drachm of the dry'd flowers has been found
very beneficial in hyſterics ariſing from ſuppreſ-
ſions. The ſeeds and leaves were formerly in
conſiderable eſteem for deſtroying worms in chil-
dren, and are reckon'd good in colics and Alatu-
lencies. In ſome parts of Sweden and Lapland
a bath with a decoction of this plant is made
uſe of to aſſiſt in parturition,
ARTEMISIA. Gen. pl. 945.
Recept. ſubvilloſum vel nudiuſculum. Pappus nul-
lus. Cal. imbricatus ſquamis rotundatis, conni-
ventibus. Cor. in ambitu feminæ, obſoletæ, lon-
go ſtylo donatæ.
* Procumbentes ante floreſcentiam.
maritima 1. ARTEMISIA foliis multipartitis tomentoſis, race-
mis cernuis, foſculis feminieis ternis. Sp. pl.
1186. (Ger. em. 1099. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. S. 6. t. 2.
f. 19 & 20)
Sea Wormwood. Anglis.
Upon the ſea-hores, but not very common, as up-
on the coaſt by Guillon-Loch. Dr. Parſons. 24.
IX.
The root and baſe of the ſtalks are of a tough
woody texture, and the whole plant cover'd with
a white

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 467
a white cotton down: the flowers grow in com-
pound nodding ſpikes, each having three female
forets in the rim: the receptacle is naked.
The plant has a ſtrong ſcent of marum or cam-
phor.
** Eretic herbaceæ, foliis compoſitis.
abſinthium ARTEMISIA foliis compoſitis multifidis, foribus
ſubgloboſis pendulis ; receptaculo villoſo. Sp. pl.
1188. (Ger. em. 1096. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 20. f. l.
Moris. hift. S. 6. t. 1. f. 1. ordinis inferioris. Gme-
lin. Sibir. II. p. 129. t. 63. Blackwell. t. 16.)
Common Wormwood. Anglis.
In waſte places, and by way-ſides, as about Aber-
lady, and the Queen's-Ferry, &c. Dr. Parſons.
2.
I.
21. VIIT.
The ſtalk is two feet high, angular and branch'd :
the leaves are of a hoary green on the upper
ſide, and cover'd with a white ſatin down un-
derneath, are fofc to the touch, and pinnated :
the primary pinne are divided into two lobes, the
ſecondary are bifid, trifid, quadrifid, and even
pinnatifid, the extreme ſegments being obtuſely
lanceolate : the flowers are yellow, pendulous,
and grow fix or ſeven in a ſpike at the ſummits
of the branches, all leaning on the ſame ſide,
and one only on a peduncle, which peduncle is
longer than the calyx, but ſhorter than the ſub-
tending leaf : the ſcales of the calyx are ſmooth,
five in number, the exterior ones longeſt and
H h 2
narroweit,

468 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
tuies.
narroweſt, the interior ones oval : the receptacle
has white downy hairs, and contains fifty florets
or more, of which thoſe in the rim are female.
It has a ſtrong aromatic ſmell and very bitter taſte,
and is highly commended for its medicinal vir-
It ſtrengthens the ſtomach, removes ob-
ſtructions of the liver and ſpleen, creates an ap-
petite and deſtroys worms. Haller affirms, from
his own experience, that from a long uſe of it he
has kept off the gout. The forms in which it
is uſed are either in a ſpirit, in juice, an oil, an ex-
tract, or a falt. The fixed ſalt is purely alcaline,
and well-known as a famous febrifuge and ſto-
machic.
In ſome parts of England the plant is uſed inſtead
of hops to brew ale with.
The ſalt of it, or indeed any other elkali put into
four beer, inſtantly cures its acidity
Sheep by eating it have their fleſh rendered bitter,
and cows their milk, but horſes are ſaid to have
been killed by it.
Scopoli affirms, that the ſmell of it will drive away
.
ants.
vulgaris 3. ARTEMISIA foliis pinnatifidis, planis, inciſis,
ſubtus tomentofis ; racemis fimplicibus recurva-
tis ; foribus ovatis ; radio quinquefloro. Sp. pl.
1188. (Ger. em. 1103. f. 1. Moris. hiſt. S. 6. t. 1.
f. 1. medii ordinis ad dextram. Blackwell t. 431)
Mugwort. Anglis.
The

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 469
An liath-lus. Gaulis.
In waſte places and in cultivated grounds frequent.
4. VIII.
The ftalk is erect, three or four feet high, ſome.
times red and ſometimes green: the leaves are
green above, but white and hoary underneath,
pinnatifid, the ſegments lanceolate, oppoſite,
acutely dented, the extreme one Nightly divided
into three lobes: the upper leaves are linear and
:
undivided : the flowers are ſeffile numerous, erect,
and grow in ſpikes compounded of many leſer
Spiculæ ariſing from the ala of the leaves : the
ſcales of the calyx are covered with a cotton down:
the florets are red, and about 13 in a calyx : the
receptacle is flat and ſimooth.
An infuſion of this plant in white wine, or a bath
made of it, has always been eſteemed an em-
menagogue, and uſeful in difficult parturition.
The Japoneſe moxa formerly much uſed in caute-
ries for curing the gout, is no other than a ſpongy
inflammable ſubſtance prepar’d from the medulla
zovn of the ſtalk of this plant.
The leaves when young and tender are frequently
made uſe of by the highlanders as a pot-herb.
The country people in Sweden drink a decoction
of them for the ague.
GNAPHALIUM. Gen. pl. 946.
Recept. nudum. Pappus plumoſus. Cal. imbricatus;
fquamis
Hh 3

490 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
X2
ſquamis marginalibus rotundatis, fcariofis, colo
ratis.
4
Argyrocomæ calycibus albis.
dioicum 1. GNAPHALIUM ſarmentis procumbentibus, caule
fimpliciſſimo, corymbo fimplici, foribus diviſis.
Lin. Syft. nat. p. 545. floribus dioicis Sp. pl. p.
1199. (Ger. em. 640. f. 4, 5, & 641. f. 6. Pet.
herb. t. 18. f. 4. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 11. fig. fecun-
da ordinis inferioris.)
Mountain Cudweed or Cat's-Foot. Anglis.
It is frequent in dry barren grounds both in the
highlands and lowlands, as on the hills about
Arthur's-Seat at Edinburgh, &c. 2. VI.
The root throws off many trailing ſhoots, but the
flowering ſtalks are erect, three or four inches
high, unbranched, and terminated with a cluſter
of white or red flowers: the radical leaves are
ſpoon-ſhap'd, or oval and wideft at the extremity,
and narrow and linear towards the baſe, green
on the upper ſide, but white and hoary under-
neath : the ſtalk is woolly, and the leaves upon
it feffile and lanceolate : the flowers are female
one plant, and hermaphrodite on another : the
calyx of the female flowers is nearly cylindrical,
of the hermaphrodite roundiſh: the ſcales are
dry obtufe and generally white, but in the her-
maphrodite flowers are often of a bright red.
alpinum 2. GNAPHALIUM ſarmentis procumbentibus, caule
ſimpliciſſimo, capitulo terminali aphyllo, floribus
oblongis ?

XX
Gnaphalium
diorcum · P. 470.
Moses Griffiths del
Gnaphalium
alpinum
P. 471.
PMazell sculp

UNIE
OF
WICE

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
471
a
oblongis ? Sp. pl. 1199. Haller. hiſt. Stirp. Helvet.
n. 149. (Scopol. Flor. Carniol. n. 1048.t. 57. noftræ
plantæ fimillima, ſed radix abſque Jarmentis. Oed.
Dan. t. 332. non malè repreſentat, ſed Folium
noſtra planta flori ſubjicitur. vid, fig. not.)
Alpine Cudweed. Anglis.
Upon the tops of the highland mountains not un-
frequent, as on Creg-chaillech, near Finlarig, in
Breadalbane, upon Mal-gbyrdy, and upon the
mountains of Glenlyon, Glenurchy, and Glenco, &c.
Mr. Stuart. 2. VIII.
The root throws off ſeveral ſhoots, conſiſting of
tufts of narrow linear leaves one third of an inch
long, the flowering ſtalk is erect, three inches
high, covered with a white cotton ſubſtance, and
furniſhed with three or four leaves ſimilar to
thoſe of the ſhoots, but rather longer : three or
four flowers grow near the top of the ſtalk in
the manner of a ſpike, one only from the ela
of each leave, fonetimes feffile, and ſometimes
ſupported on a ſhort peduncle : the calyx is near-
ly cylindrical, the ſcales acutely oval, a little downy
at the baſe, the apex and margins dry, pellucid
and fuſcous: the forets are moſtly female, but a
few in the centre of the diſc are fuſcous and her-
maphrodite
The calyx in this ſpecies is extremely like that in
the following, but the habit of the plant is to-
tally different.
** Filaginoidea calycibus cinereis.
Sylvaticum GNAPHALIUM caule herbaceo fimpliciffimo
erecto,
3.

472 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
erecto, Aoribus ſparſis. Lin. Syft. nat. p. 545. Sp.
pl. 1200. (Ger. em. 639. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 18. f.
6. Moris. hiſt. S 7. t. 11. f. 1. Scopol. Fl. Carniol.
n. 1046. 7. 56. Oed. Dan. t. 254)
Spiked upright Cudweed. Anglis.
We obſerv'd it upon dry paſtures in the highlands
frequently. It grows likewiſe in woods and
thickets. ? VIII.
Several ſtalks generally ariſe from the ſame root,
but ſometimes only one, erect, unbranched, ten
or twelve inches high, covered with a white cot-
ton down, beſet the whole length with long, li-
near, acute leaves, greeniſh and downy on the
upper ſide, but white and hoary underneath,
growing alternately one above another, and
ſhorter by degrees towards the top of the ſtalk.
The flowers grow in one common, long, thick
ſpike, compounded of numerous other ſpicula,
ariſing from the ale of the leaves, and bearing
each from one to three, four, or more flowers:
the calyx is nearly cylindrical, the ſcales ellipti.
cal, green at the baſe, fuſcous towards the apex,
pellucid and ſhining on the border : 'the florets
are yellowiſh, extremely fine and ſender, moſt of
them female, but a few hermaphrodite ones in
the centre of the diſc.
There is a variety of this plant which ſometimes oc-
curs upon the highland mountains, having wider
leaves, and a ſhort cluſtered ſpike of black
flowers.
GNAPHALIUM

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 473
uliginofum 4 GNAPHALIUM caule herbaceo ramoſo diffuſo,
floribus confertis terminalibus. Lin. Syſt. nat.
p. 545. Sp. pl. 1200. (Pet. herb. t. 18. f. 7. Ger.
em. 639. f. 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 11. f. 14. ordi-
bre nis ſuperioris ad dextram.)
Black-headed Cudweed. Anglis.
In damp ſoils, and where water has ſtood in the
winter, frequent. 0. VIII. IX.
The ſtalk is widely branched, the branches pro-
cumbent, white, and hoary: the leaves are li-
near, wideft towards the extremity, and covered
with a cotton down, eſpecially on the under fide:
the flowers are very ſmall, feffile, and grow in
cluſters at the ſummits of the branches, imbed-
ded in down amongſt the leaves: the ſcales of
the calyx are of a dark ſhining fuſcous color, in
the younger ones yellowiſh: the central florets
are herniaphrodite, and ſtreak'd with yellow
lines; the female ones are extremely fine and
Nender.
a
Squarroſa 1.
CONYZA. Gen. pl. 950.
Recept. nudum. Pappus fimplex. Calyx irnbricatus,
ſubrotundus. Cor, radii trifidi.
CONYZA foliis lanceolatis acutis, caule herbaceo
corymboſo, calycibus ſquarroſis. Lin. Syft. nat. p.
547. Sp. pl. 1205. (Ger. em. 792. Pet. herb. t. 18.
f. 1. Moris. hift. S. 7. t. 19. f. 23.)
Plowman's Spikenard. Anglis.
In

474 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
In dry mountainous foils, but rare. We have Dr.
Parſon's authority for inſerting this plant as a na-
tive, who believes that he gathered it near Blair,
in Athol. M . VIII.
The ſtalk is two or three feet high, erect, firm and
branch'd : the leaves are ſoft and hairy, a little
hoary underneath, of an oval-lanceolate form,
fightly ſerrated on the edges: the flowers are
yellow, and grow in looſe umbels at the tops of
the branches : the calyx is nearly cylindrical : the
ſcales are oval-lanceolate, the inferior ones largeſt
and almoſt all green, the others yellowiſh, with
green patent apices : the diſc has many fine ſender
female florets in the rim, and yellow hermaphro-
dite ones in the centre.
The plant has an aromatic fimell.
** Radiati.
aore 1.
ERIGERON. Gen. pl. 951.
Recept. nudum. Pappus piloſus. Cor. radii lineares,
anguſtiſſimæ.
ERIGERON pedunculis alternis unifloris. Sp. pl.
1211. (Ger, emac. 484. f. 10. Pet. herb. t. 16.f.
4. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 20. f. 25. Sed vitiofè quoni-
am caulis & folia glabra ſunt expreſa. Column.
ecph. 2. P. 25. t. 26)
Blue Fleabane. Anglis.
In dry mountainous paſtures frequent. 2. VIII.
The root is fibrous and acrid : the ſtalk a foot high,
rough and hairy, branched near the top with al-
a
ternate

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 475
ternate peduncles, bearing each a ſingle flower :
the leaves are a little hairy, often undulated on
the edges, of a narrow lanceolate form, and
grow alternate on the ſtalk: the ſcales of the
calyx are linear and downy : the diſc of the
flower is yellow; but the florets which compoſe
the rays are bluiſh or fleſh-color’d, very narrow
or filiform, erect, bifid, and about forty in num-
ber.
TUSSILAGO. Gen. pl. 952.
Recept. nudum. Pappus ſimplex. Cal. ſquamæ
æquales, diſcum æquantes, ſubmembranaceæ.
farfara 1. TUSSILLAGO fcapo unifloro imbricato, foliís
ſubcordatis angulatis denticulatis. Sp. pl. 1214.
(Ger. em. 811. f.1. Pet. herb. t. 17. f. 7. 8. Moris.
bijt. S. 7. t. 12. f. 1. crdinis ſuperioris. Blackwell
t. 204.)
Common Colt's-Foot. Anglis.
An gallan gainbhich, Chluas-liath. Gaulis.
In moiſt and clayey ſoils frequent, as on the banks
of the water of Leith, &c. 2. III. IV.
The floral ſtalk comes up before the leaves, is
about fix inches high, beſet with many ſcales,
and bears a ſingle yellow radiated flower at the
top: the leaves are white and hoary underneath :
the calyx conſiſts of one ſeries of narrow lanceo-
late ſcales, all equal : the female forets which
compoſe the rays are numerous, very narrow,
and intire : the flowers nod before the burſting
of

476 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
of the anthere, but are afterwards erect : from
the time of flowering to the ripening of the ſeeds
is about 18 days:
The leaves ſmoak'd in the manner of tobacco, or
a fyrup or decoction of them and the flowers,
ſtand recommended in coughs and other diſor-
ders of the breaſt and lungs. Practice, however,
mufeems almoſt to have rejected it.
A kind of tinder or touchwood is in ſome countries
made of the roots, or the downy ſubſtance which
adheres to them.
Hybride 2. TUSSILAGO thyrſo oblongo, Aofculis femineis
nudis plurimis. Sp. pl. 1214. (Dillen. Hort. El-
tham. 309. t. 230. f. 297.) bocor
Long-ſtalk'd Butter-bur. Anglis.
By river ſides, but not very common. We obſerv'd
plenty of it on the banks of the river Eſk, on the
borders of Annandale, near Neiherby. 24. IV. V.
The floral ſtalk is a cubit high, unbranched, ſcaly,
and purpliſh: the flowers are numerous, ſmall,
pale purple, or whitiſh, without rays, and grow
in a long conic ſpike: the peduncles are two
inches long, branch'd, and bear each ſeveral
flowers which are often pendulous by reaſon of
the length of the peduncles: the calyx conſiſts
of one ſeries of oval-lanceolate ſcales: the flo-
rets are all female except one or two which are
hermaphrodite: the down is longer than the calyx
even in the young flowers : the leaves come up
after

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERALUA. 477
after the floral ftalks in the month of May, of a
rounded cordate form, very large, often two feet
vide, dented on the margin, woolly underneath,
and ſupported on foot talks.
petafites 3. TUSSILAGO thyrſo ovato, floſculis femineis nu-
dis paucis. Syft. nat. p. 550. Sp. pl. 1215. (Ger.
em. 814. fig. 1, 2. Moris. hiſt. S. 7. t. 12. f. 1. or-
dinis ſuperioris ad dextram. Pet. herb. t. 15. f. 11,
12. H. Aichſtætt hybern. tab. 5. f. 1. Blackwell t.
222.)
Common Butter-bur. Anglis.
An gallan mòr. Gaulis.
In wet meadows and by river fides frequent, as by
the new well at Leith, &c. 2. IV. V.
The floral ftalk is 10 or 12 inches high, terminat-
ed with a thick oval ſpike of purpliſh flowers,
much larger than thoſe of the preceding ſpecies,
but much fewer in number: the peduncles are
ſhort and ſimple, and generally bear only a ſingle
flower : the calyx is bell-ſhap'd or inverſely co-
nical, and conſiſts of four ſeries of reddiſh lan-
ceolate ſcales : the florets are almoſt all of them
hermaphrodite, but ſometimes a few female ones
are found in the rim In other reſpects it agrees
with the preceding
The leaves of theſe are the largeſt of any native
plant in Great Britain, and in heavy rains are
frequently obſerv'd to afford a ſeaſonable ſhelter
to poultry and other ſmall aniinals.
The
a

4'78 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
The root dug up in the ſpring is reſinous, and
aromatic. A drachm of it in a doſe has been
ſometimes given as a ſudorific alexipharmic, but
as it poſſeſſes thoſe virtues but in a ſmall degree,
it has loſt its reputation in the ſhops.
SENECIO. Gen. pl. 953.
I.
a
Recept. nudum. Pappus fimplex. Cal. cylindricus,
calyculatus; ſquamis apice fphacelatis.
* Floribus flofculofis.
vulgaris 1. SENECIO corollis nudis, foliis pinnato-ſinuatis
amplexicaulibus, floribus ſparſis. Sp. pl. 1216.
(Ger. em. 278. f. 1. Blackwell t. 132. Oed. Dan.
513. opt.)
Common Groundſel. Anglis.
Am bualan. Gaulis.
In gardens and waſte grounds common. 0. IV-IX.
The ſtalk is erect, angular, branch'd, a foot high,
thick, and ſucculent: the leaves are numerous,
green, ſlightly cover'd with a cobweb down, le-
file and wide at the baſe, pinnatifid, the ſeg-
ments and infterſtices ſerrated : the flowers grow
in cluſters at the ſummits of the branches, yel-
low, and without rays : the calyx conſiſts of one
one ſeries of linear acute ſcales with black apices :
at the baſe of the calyx are ſeveral ſhort ſupple-
mentary ſcales, which have alſo black ſummits :
the feeds are of a long elliptic form, and fur-
row'd.
The
a

SYNGENESIA : :
POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 479
The plant lives about three months. From the
burſting of the antheræ to the perfecting the ſeeds
takes up 18 days : all the flowers which termi-
nate the principal ſtalk ripen their feeds in ſeven
weeks ; after which thoſe of the branches pro-
ceed to the ſame operation : the calyces nod after
the antheræ are burſt till the feeds are ripe.
A ſtrong infuſion of this plant acts as an emetic.
The highlanders uſe it externally in cataplaſms
as a cooler, and to bring on ſuppurations. Finches
and other ſmall birds are fond of the ſeeds.
** Fioribus radiatis, radio revoluto.
viſcoſus 2. SENECIO corollis revolutis, foliis pinnatifidis vif-
cidis, ſquamis calycinis laxis longitudine perian-
thii. Sp. pl. 1217. (Dillen. Eltham. 347. t. 258.
f. 336)
Viſcid Groundſel. Anglis.
In waſte places near towns and villages, as a: Leven,
on the coaſt of Fife, near the ſalt works, and at
Dyſart by the peer, and at Charles-Town, the
great lime-works of Lord Elgin, in plenty. 0.
VIII,
The ſtalk is two or three feet high, widely branched,
and together with the whole plant covered with
viſcid hairs : the flowers are yellow, much larger
than thoſe of the preceding, and grow in looſe
umbels, two or three on a peduncle. The calyces
are viſcid, the ſupplementary ſcales at the baſe
lax and hairy, and ſometimes almoſt as long as
che

480 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
the primary calyx : the flower is radicated, the
rays revolute and tridente at the ſummits.
Sylvaticus 3 S. corollis revolutis, foliis pinnatifidis denticulatis,
caule corymboſo erecto. Sp. pl. 1217. (Dillen.
Eltham. 258. t. 258. f. 337. Ger. em. 278. t. 2.
non malè repreſentat.)
Small-flower'd Groundſel. Scented Cotton Ground-
fel. Anglis.
In dry upland foils, upon banks and mounds of
earth, &c. O. VII.
The ftalk is three or four fect, erect and branched :
the leaves are foft, downy and ſtrongly ſcented;
they are pinnatifid, and their ſegments alternately
great and ſmall: the flowers are numerous, ſmal-
ler even than thoſe of the firſt ſpecies, and grow
in umbels: the calyx is ſmooth, and ſhap'd like
a truncated cone, having a ſmall fightly-hairy
ligament or braćtea near the baſe : the flowers
are yellow and radiated; the rays very ſhort
and revolute.
jacobaa 4.
*** Floribus radiatis, radio patente, foliis pinnati-
fidis.
SENECIO corollis radiantibus, foliis pinnato-lyra-
tis; laciniis lacinulatis, caule erecto. sp. pl.
1219. (Ger. emac. 280. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 17. f. 1.
Moris, bift. S. 7. t, 18. f. 1)
Common Ragwort. Anglis.
In paſtures and by way-fides frequent, 4. VII.
VIII.
The

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 481
:
B.
The ſtalk is two or three feet high, ſtriated, erect,
and branched : the leaves are generally green,
without any down or hoarineſs; the radical ones
are pinnatifid at the baſe only, with a large, oval,
ſinnated ſegment at the extremity : thoſe on the
ſtalk are pinnatifid throughout, their ſegments
laciniated : the flowers grow in umbels, and are
,
yellow and radiated : the peduncles are generally
downy, the calyx ſmooth, the ſcales blackiſh at
the tips; the rays patent, and about 12 in num-
ber: the hermaphrodite florets in the diſc about
60.
The Aowers are ſometimes, but very rarely, ſeen
without rays.
aquaticus y Another ſingular variety of this plant, which
many authors conſider as a diſtinct ſpecies, often
occurs in wet places, and by the ſides of lakes.
15 The radical leaves of this ſtand on long foot talks,
ses: are oval, and dented on the edges. Thoſe on
the lower part of the ſtalk are pinnatifid at the
baſe, and terminated with a large oval dented
no bost now lobe : but the uppermoſt of all are generally
doni me pinnatifid to the end. The flowers are the ſame
as in the common ſort. Vid. fig. (Ger. em. 280.
pt storld f. 3, Pet. herb. t. 17, f. 2. Loefel Flor. Prul. p.
I 29, i. e. 35, bona.)
Water Ragwort. Anglis. 2. VII. VIII.
The leaves of theſe plants have a bitter and ſome-
what acrid taſte: a decoction of them will dye
green, but the colour does not ſtand well.
mootor
li
ASTER
bisciocina
a

482 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
ASTER. Gen. pl. 954.
Recept. nudum, Pappus fimplex, feffilis. Corol.
radii plures 10. Cal. imbricati ; fquamæ inferiores
patulæ.
Tripolium ASTER foliis lanceolatis integerrimis carnoſis gla-
bris, ramis inæquatis, foribus corymboſis. Sp.
pl. 1226. (Ger. emac. 413, f. 1, 2, Pet. herb. t.
17, f. 10, 11. Gmel. Fl. Sibir. 186. t. 80, f. 10.
Moris. hift. S. t. 22. f. 36, 37.)
Sea Starwort. Anglis.
In falt marſhes on the ſea coaſts not unfrequent. 24.
VIII. IX.
The ſtalk is ſmooth, ſtriated, branched towards
the top, and varies in height from nine inches
,
to four or five feet; whence fome authors have
made a greater and a leffer variety : the leaves
grow alternate upon the ſtalk; their figure, &c.
is expreſſed in the ſpecific difference : the flowers
grow in thin looſe umbels at the ſummits of the
branches : the calyx is ſhort and cylindrical: the
ſcales obtuſe, and commonly tinged with red on
the edges : the flowers are 3-4ths of an inch in
diameter : the diſc yellow, the rays blue; but
a variety of it ſometimes occurs without rays.
Vid. Pet. herb. t. 17, fig. 12.
B.
SOLIDAGO. Gen. pl. 955.
Recept. nudum. Pappus ſimplex ſeſlilis. Cor. radii
circiter 5. Cal. ſquama imbricatæ, claufæ.
SOLIDAGO caule ſubflexuoſo angulato, racemis
paniculatis
virgaurea 1

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 483
و
paniculatis erectis confertis. Sp. pl. 1235 (Ger.
em. 430. f. 1, 2. Pet. herb. t. 16, f. 9, 10. Moris.
hift. S. 7. t. 23, f. 4, ordinis ſuperioris, & fig.
20. ordinis medii.)
Golden Rod. Anglis.
In rough mountainous paſtures, and in woods fre-
quent. 24. VIII.
The root is woody: the ſtalk firm, a little rough,
and varies from fix inches to five feet high ; its
common height about a yard : the leaves are a
little hard, and rough to the touch; the lower
ones oval-lanceolate, generally a little ſerrated,
and ſupported on footſtalks: thoſe on the ſtalks
are elliptical, ſometimes ſlightly ferrated, but
commonly entire.
The flowers are yellow, and grow in a ſpiked pa-
nicle : the ſcales of the calyx are lanceolate, of
1
unequal length, and of a pale green colour : the
female forets which compoſe the rays are in
number from five to eight; the hermaphrodite
ones in the diſc from ten to twelve. The feed
is little hairy, pointed at the baſe, convex on
one ſide, and plain on the other.
B. A variety of this plant frequently occurs, growing
out of the rocks near the ſummits of the high-
land mountains, which is often not above fix
inches or a foot high, and bears fewer Powers,
growing in a ſhorter and more compact ſpike:
the leaves are alſo frequently a little doviny,
and the plant flowers earlier. This is the S. Cam-
Ii 2
brica

484 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERALUA.
brica of Hudſ. Flor. Angl. vid. Pet. herb. t. 16. f.
The leaves have an aſtringent and bitter taſte, and
are eſteemed as a good vulnerary and diuretic:
they are recommended in the ſtone and gravel,
and in ulcers of the kidnies and bladder, three
drachms of the powder being taken every eighth
hour.
INULA, Gen. pl. 956.
Recept. nudum. Pappus ſimplex. Antbere baſi in
ſetas duas definentes.
D
belenium * I INULA foliis amplexicaulibus ovatis rugoſis, ſub-
tus tomentofis, calycum ſquamis ovatis. Sp. pl.
1236. (Ger. em. P. 793. Pet. berb. t. 16. f. 1.
Moris. hift. 5. 7. t. 24. fig. ultim. ad bafin. Black-
well t. 473.)
Elecampane. Anglis.
Obſerved in the low-lands near houſes and gardens,
boda
by the Rev. Dr. Burgeſs, of Kirkmichael, who
but 9
does not believe it to be properly a native. 24.
VIII.
It is one of the largeſt of herbaceous plants, being
shi wa
often fix feet high: the root is thick and brown:
the leaves (beſides what is imply'd in the ſpecific
difference) grow alternate, are ferrated, and the
lower ones ſtand on footſtalks: the ſtalk is erect
i amo
and Itrong, and branched towards the top : the
flowers terminate the branches, and are large
2 an
and yellow : the ſcales of the calyx are oval,
wide, reflex'd, imbricated, and reſemble leaves :
the

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 485
the rays of the flower are numerous, narrow,
and terminated with three acute dents: the down
bo of the ſeeds is reddiſh, each hair of it finely
dented on one ſide.
The root is acrid, bitter, and aromatic : a con-
bosnir ſerve of it ſtands recommended in aithnjas, and
e motor other diſorders of the breaſt and lungs, as good
to promote expectoration. The decoction of it
in water, or an infuſion in wine, or a ſpirituous
extract, are alſo extolld as a ftomachic and ſu-
dorific, and are therefore preſcrib'd in crudities
of the ſtomach, bad digeftions, the hypochon-
dria, and contagious diſeaſes. Outwardly ap-
plied, a decoction of it is ſaid to cure the itch.
Bruiſed and macerated in urine, with balls of
alhes and whortle berries, it dyes a blue colour.
DORONICUM. Gen. pl. 959.
Recept. nudum. Pappus fimplex. Calycis ſquama
duplicis ordinis æquales, diſco longiores. Sem.
radii nuda pappoque deftituta.
pardalian- DORONICUM foliis cordatis obtuſis denticulatis,
ches * 1.
radicalibus petiolatis, caulinis amplexicaulibus.
Sp. pl. 1247. (Ger. em. 762. f. 7. Moris hift. S. 7
t. 24. f. 4. Miller ic. 128. Blockwell t. 239.)
Great Leopard's Bane, or Wolf's-Bane. Anglis.
We obſerved it in ſeveral places in the lowlands,
as about Hoddam caftle, in Annandale, &c. but
always near houſes, ſo that we ſuſpect it not to
be indigenous, but as it ſeems to be naturalized

486 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
a
we thought it deſerved a place in this collection.
2. V. VI.
The root is thick, jointed, creeping, and barbed
with many fibres : the ſtalk is two or three feet
high, hairy, furrow'd, and divided towards the
top into three or four branches, each terminated
with one large yellow radiated flower: the leaves
are rather ſoft and hairy, the radical ones
obtuſely heart-ſhaped, and ſupported on foot-
ſtalks; thoſe on the ſtalk but few in number,
embracing it at their baſe, and of a long oval
form : the ſcales of the calyx are about 26 in
number, compoſed of a double ſeries, are nar-
row, lanceolate, and as long as the rays of the
flower : the female forets which compoſe the
rays are ftreak'd with green lines, and about 22
in number: the hermaphrodite ones of the diſc
are about 178: the feeds of the rays are nearly
triangular, ſtreaked with ten lines, and are def-
titute of down: thoſe of the diſc are roundiſh,
hairy, and crowned with a down, which is
Nightly plumoſe : the receptacle is convex and
hairy. From the burſting of the Anther & to
the ripening of the feeds takes up the ſpace of
one month.
Many writers have ſuppoſed the root to be poiſon-
ous, and that it would deſtroy wolves, dogs,
and other animals. Others have reckoned it an
antidote to poiſon; but the preſent practice re-
jects it.
BELLIS,

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 487
a
BELLIS Gen. pl. 962.
Recept. nudum conicum. Pappus nullus. Cal. he-
mifphæricus ; ſquamis æqualibus. Sem. obovata.
perennis 1. BELLIS ſcapo nudo. Sp. pl. 1248. (Ger. em. 636.
f. 4. 5. Pet. herb. t. 19. f. 2. Moris hiſt. S. 6. t.
8. f. 26 & 29. Blackwell t. 200. Oed. Dan. t.
503. opt.)
Common Daiſie. Anglis.
Gowan. Scotis. Voinein. Gaulis.
In paſtures frequent. 4. IV. IX.
The leaves are obtuſely oval, thick and crenated,
ſlightly hairy, and expanded round the root in
a circle: the floral ſtalks are naked, a little hairy,
from four to eight inches high, bearing each one
fower: the calyx is compoſed of two ſeries of
erect, equal, lanceolate ſcales, expanded hori-
zontally at top, and about thirteen in number :
the rays of the flower are white, commonly
tinged with red on the outſide, and ſometimes
all red, diſpoſed in two ranks, and about fifty in
number : the diſc is yellow, and conſiſts of about
117 florets: the rays cloſe together in rainy wea-
ther, and in the night.
The taſte of the leaves is ſomewhat acid, and, in
ſcarcity of garden-ſtuff, they have in ſome coun-
tries been ſubſtituted as a pot-herb. It is at
preſent not uſed in inedicine.
CHRYSAN

488 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
mum I.
CHRYSANTHEMUM. Gen. pl. 966.
Kecept. nudun. Pappus marginatus. Cal. hemis-
phæricus, imbricatus ; fquamis marginalibus
membranaceis.
* Leucanthema.
Leucanthe-
CHRYSANTHEMUM foliis amplexicaulibus ob-
loagis, ſupernè ferratis infernè dentatis. Sp. pl.
1251. (Ger. em. 634. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 19. f. 1.
Moris. hiſt. S. 6. t. 8. fig. 1. notata, ſed ſecunda or-
dinis ſuperioris. Blackwell t. 42.)
The great Daiſie, or Ox-eye. Anglis.
Am breinein-brothach. Gaulis.
In dry paſtures frequent, both in the highlands
and lowlands. 4. VI, VII.
The ſtalk is a foot or more high, erect, and gene-
rally divided into a few branches towards the
top, but is ſometimes ſingle: the radical leaves
are obtuſely oval, crenated, and ſupported on
footftalks : thoſe on the ſtalk are ſeſlile, nearly
lanceolate, and ferrated, eſpecially towards the
upper part, but at their baſe are deeply and
acutely dented or pinnatifid, and embrace the
ſtalk : a ſingle large flower terminates each
branch, having a yellow diſc, and white rays :
the ſtyles in the female florets are ſaffron color’d:
the ſeeds are furrow'd, and have ten angles.
inodorum 2. CHRYSANTHEMUM foliis pinnatis multifidis,
caule ramoſo diffuſo. Sp. pl. 1253. (Moris. biſ.
f. 6. t. 12. f. 8.)
Camomile
a
a

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 489
Camomile Daiſie. Anglis.
By fields and way-ſides, but not common. Sibbald.
O. VIII.
The ſtalk is near a foct high, often reclining at the
baſe, and widely branched: the leaves are pin-
nated, and finely divided, like chamomile : a
large filower, with white rays and a yellow diſc,
terminates each branch: the calyx is flattſh: the
ſcales are unequal, membraneous, and fuſcous
on their margins : the rays are patent, but not
defex'd: the receptacle hemifphærical and naked
The plant has no ill favour.
** Chryſanthema.
Segetum 3. CHRYSANTHEMUM foliis amplexicaulibus,
ſupernè laciniatis, infernè dentato-lerratis. Sp.pl
1254. (Ger. em. 743 f. 1. Pet. herb, t. 19. f. 6.
,
Moris. hiſt. S. 6. t. 4. f. i ordinis medii.)
Corn Marigold. Anglis.
Gules, Gools, Guills, or Yellow Gowans. Scolis.
An dithean. Gaulis.
In corn-fields frequent. 0. VIII.
The ſtalk is a foot or eighteen inches high, erect
and branched: the leaves grow alternate, are
fmooth, and of a blue green or glaucous colour :
each branch is terminated with a large radiated
flower, having the rays and diſc both yellow.
Theſe golden flowers turn towards the ſun all day,
an ornament to the corn-fields, and afrord a
pleaſing light to the paſſenger, but are ſo very
derriinental

490 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
detrimental to the huſbandnian, that a law is in
force in Denmark, which obliges the inhabitants
every where to eradicate them out of their
grounds.
This noxious weed is ſaid to be deſtroyed by dung-
ing the ſoil where it grows in the Autumn, by
letting it lie fallow one fummer, and by harrow-
ing the ground in about five days after fowing
the feeds for the future crop. Lin. Fl. Suec. 762.
MATRICARIA. Gen. pl. 967.
Recept. nudum. Pappus nullus. Cal. hemiſphæri-
cus, imbricatus; fquamis marginalibus folidio,
acuciufculis.
partheniem MATRICARIA foliis compoſitis planis, foliolis
ovatis inciſis, pedunculis ramoſis. Sp. pl. 1255.
(Ger. emac. 652.4.1. Pet. herb. t. 19. f. 5. Black-
well 1, 192.)
Feverfew. Anglis.
In waſte places near houſes and gardens, and ſome
rimes in corn-fields. Mr. Stuart. ô. s. 24. VII.
VIII.
The fialk is erect, a yard high, and branched :
the leaves are Dightly downy, ſoft and tender,
of a pale green colour, compofed of fix pair of
pinna, with an odd crifid one at the extremity.
Thele pinnæ are nearly oval and pinnatifid, their
fegments again obtuſely ferrated.
The flowers grow in an umbel upon branched pe-
duncles, and have yellow diſcs with white rays :
the ſcales of the calyx have dry membranaceous
margins,

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 491
margins, and therefore the plant more properly
belongs to the preceding genus.
The whole plant has a ſtrong fragant ſmell, and
has always been eſteem'd a good emmenagogue,
and very ſerviceable in hyſteric complaints. The
beſt way of taking it is in a flight infuſion in
the manner of tea. It is alſo an agreeable car-
minative and bitter, ſtrengthens the ſtomach, and
difperſes flatulencies.
The expreſs'd juice is
ſaid to kill worms in the bowels. It has likewiſe
been recommended as a febrifuge, whence it
took it's Engliſh name.
maritima 2
MATRICARIA receptaculis hemiſphæricis, foliis
bipinnatis ſubcarnofis, fupra convexis, fubtus
carinatis. Sp. pl. 1256. (Raj. Synop. 186. t. 7.
f. 1.)
Sea Feverfew. Anglis.
On the ſea-coaſts in ſandy foils, as in the in and of
Bute, and on the weſtern ſide of Cantire, be-
tween Machrinniſh and Barr, &c. 24. VII.
The ftalk is nine inches high, ſmooth, red, firm,
and diffuſely branched: the leaves are of a dark
green colour, ſmooth and ſucculent: the flowers
have a yellow diſc, and white patent rays: the
plant has ſomething of a ſweet but very little
ſcent.
chamomilla MATRICARIA receptaculis conicis, radiis paten-
3.
tibus, ſquamis calycinis margine æqualibus.
Syfi. nat. 563. Sp. pl. 1256. (Ger. em. 754. f. 1.
Moris. hift. S. 6. t. 12. f. 7. Blackwell t. 298.)
Sine.

492 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA,
а
Fine-leav'd Feverfew, or wild upright Camomile,
with little ſcent. Anglis.
In corn-fields and waſte places frequent. O. VII.
VIII.
The ftalk is a foot and a half high, erect, and
branched: the leaves are doubly pinnate, the
pinnulæ divided into plain capillary ſegments :
the calyces are almoft flat, or ſlightly hemiſpha-
rical: the ſcales green, with a fuſcous margin:
the diſc of the flower is yellow and conical; the
rays white, about 20 or 22 in number, and
nearly of the ſame length with the diameter of
the calyx : the receptacle is oblong, and almoſt
cylindrical. The plant has a bitter taſte, a ſweet
but very little ſmell, and has nearly the ſame
virtues with the ANTHEMIS nobilis Lin. or
Roman Camomile.
The flowers are reckoned antiſeptic, and approach
in quality to the Peruvian bark. Twenty or
thirty grains of them readily promote ſweat,
and are recommended as a cure for the ague ;
and, mixed with ſalt of worin wood, as excellent
in fevers. A decoction of them is eſteemed good
in nephritic complaints, and to affuage the pains
of the cholic and dyſentery. Baths, clytters,
and cataplaſms of them are alſo uſed in the laſt
intentions. A blue eſſential oil is obtained by
diftillation from the flowers, which is ſuppoſed
to contain all their virtues.
MATRICARIA

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 493
ſuaveolens? MATRICARIA receptaculis conicis, radiis de-
4.
flexis, ſquamis calycinis margine æqualibus.
Syft. nat. 563. Sp. pl. 1256. (Fig. nulla.)
Sweet-ſcented Feverfew. Anglis.
We obſerved it at the entrance of Glen-beg, near
Glen-Elg, upon the weſtern coaſt of Inverneſs-
Mire. O. VIII,
We perceived no difference between this and the
preceding, except that the rays were larger and
defex'd, and we ſuſpect it to be only a variety
of it.
ANTHEMIS. Gen. pl. 970.
Recept. paleaceum. Pappus nullus. Cal. hemiſphæ-
ricus, ſubæqualis. Flofcuii radii plures quam 5.
nobilis * 1. ANTHEMIS fol.is pinnato-compoſitis linearibus
acutis fubvilloſis. Sp. pl. 1260. (Ger. em. 755.
f. 4. & flore pleno fig. 3. Pet. herb. t. 19. f. 10.)
Sweet Camomile, Roman Camomile. Anglis.
Obſerved, by the Rev. Dr. Burgeſs, of Kirkmichael,
amongſt rubbiſh near gardens; but he does not
believe it to be indigenous. 4. VIII.
The ſtalks are near a foot long, procumbent, and
branched : the leaves have a grateful aromatic
ſmell, and bitter taſte; they are ſlightly downy,
and doubly pinnate ; the pinnulæ lanceolate,
plain, and divided further into bifid and trifid
ſegments: the branches are terminated each with
one radiated Aower, ſtanding on a downy pedun-
cle: the calyx is of a whitiſh green colour, the
edges of the ſcales ſilvery white : the difc of the
Aower
a

494 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
fiower is yellow; the rays white: the receptacle
chaffy, which is the principal diſtinction of this
genus.
This has much the ſame virtues with the MATRI-
CARIA chamomilla before mentioned, but is
generally preferred before it, chiefly we believe
on account of its fragrant ſmell. Its principal
virtue is ſuppoſed to exiſt in the calyx, which is
obtained by an eſſential oil.
arvenſis 2. ANTHEMIS receptaculis conicis, paleis lanceo-
latis, ſeminibus coronato-marginatis. Sp.pl. 1261.
(Pet. berb. t. 19. f. 8.)
Corn Camomile. Anglis.
In corn-fields, and by way-ſides in gravelly ſoils,
as in the lanes about Laſwade, between Dalkeith
and Roſlin, and on the north ſide of Linlithgow.
Dr. Parſons. . VIII.
The ſtalk is near a foot high, firm, ftriated, and
diffuſely branched: the leaves are a little hairy,
and have generally a white or hoary appearance,
and are without ſcent: they are doubly pinnate,
the pinnule lanceolate, and terminated with a
little beard or ſpinule: the flowers grow ſingly
at the ends of the branches on long downy pe-
duncles: the interior ſcales of the calyx are wide,
and membranaceous at the apex: the diſc of the
Hower is yellow, the rays white, the receptacle
conical, and beſet with lanceolate chaffy ſcales,
intermixed with the hermaphrodite florets: the
ſeeds are quadrangular, and crowned at the top
with a ſhort white membranaceous rim,
ANTHEMIS

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 495
cotula. 3. ANTHEMIS receptaculis conicis paleis ſetaceis,
feminibus nudis. Sp.pl. 1261, (Ger. em. 757. f.
1. Pet. herb. t 19. f. 12. Moris. hiſt. S. 6. t. 12.
f. 10. Blackwell t. 63)
Stinking Camomile, or May-weed. Anglis.
In wafte places, corn fields, and by way-ſides. o.
VI. VII.
The ſtalk is a cubit high, erect, branched, and
furrow'd with about eight ſtreaks : the leaves
are ſmooth, or nearly ſo, doubly pinnatid : the
pinnula narrow and lanceolate, the extreme one
trifid : the ſcales of the calyx are narrow, and
very ſlightly membranaceous on the edges : the
diſc of the flower is yellow and conical: the
rays white : the chaff on the receptacle ſetace-
ous or briſtle-lap'd : the feed has no marginal
crown, but only a pore at the top.
B. It varies ſometimes with a double flower, as oba
ſerved by Sibbald, in his Natural Hiſtory of Fife-
Shire.
The whole plant has a ſtrong fætid ſmell, and,
where it abounds, is often found to bliſter the
hands of weeders and reapers.
ACHILLEA. Gen. pl. 971.
Recept. paleaceum. Pappus nullus. Cal. ovatus,
imbricatus. Floculi radii circiter 5.
ptarmica 1. ACHILLEA foliis lanceolatis acuminatis argutè
ſerratis. Sp. pl. 1266. (Ger. em. 606. f. 1. Pet.
herb. i. 19. f. 3. Moris. hiſt. ſ.6.1. 12. fig. prima
inferioris ordinis. Blackwell 6. 276.)
Sneeze-

496 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
a
Sneeze-wort, or Gooſe-tongue. Anglis.
An cruai'-lus. Gautis.
In noiſt meadows and paſtures frequent. 24. VII.
VINI.
The ſtalk is a cubit high, or more, erect, firm, and
branched : the leaves grow fefile and alternate,
of a long lanceolate form, very finely and
Sharply ſerrated on the edges, ſmooth, and of a
firm but brittle texture : the flowers grow in
looſe umbels : the diſc is white; the rays white,
and in number from ſeven to eleven : the calyx
is downy, and the chaff on the receptacle
downy.
The variety with a double flower is received into
the flower-garden for ornament.
The plant has an acrid biting taſte, and his fome-
times been uſed as an errbine to promote ſneez-
ing, and to cure the tooth-ach, by drawing
away the rheum from the jaws; but at preſent
it is out of practice.
Cattle will readily eat it.
a
2.
millifolium ACHILLEA foliis bipinnatis nudis ; laciniis li-
nearibus dentatis ; caulibus ſupernè fulcatis.
Syft. nat. 567. Sp. pl. 1267. Ger. em. 1072. f. 2.
Pet. herb. t. 19. f. 4. Muris. hift. . 6. t. 11. f.
6 & 14. Blackwell t. 18.)
Yarrow, Milfoil or Nobleſeed. Anglis.
A' chaithir-thalmhain, An earr’-thalmhain, Lus
choſgadh-na tola. Gaulis.
In paſtures and by way-ſides frequent. 4. VI, VIII.
The
-5972

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 497
The ftalk is erect, a foot high, branched, and um-
belliferous at the top: the leaves are either quite
ſmooth, or nightly hairy, very long, and finely
divided; compounded firſt of 20 or 25 pair of
ſhort pinna, each of which is ſubdivided into
three or even ſeven pair of pinnule, which are
again cut into trifid or quinquefid lanceolate
ſegments, all of them dotted and reticulated :
the ſcales of the calyx are green, with pale brown
margins : the flowers are ſmall and numerous :
the diſc is either of a pale yellow colour or red:
the rays are only four or five, very ſhort and
plain, not above half the length of the calyx,
and either white or red: the feed is oblong,
compreſs’d, and has a white margin.
The plant has an aſtringent quality, and is reckon'd
good to ſtop all kinds of hæmorrhagies, and to
heal wounds, but is out of uſe in the preſent
practice. The highlanders ſtill continue to make
an ointment of it to heal and dry up wounds,
The common people, in order to cure the head-
ach, do ſometimes thruſt a leaf of it up their
noſtrils, to make their noſe bleed; an old prac-
tice, which gave riſe to one of its Engliſh names.
Linnæus informs us, that the inhabitants of Dale-
karlia, in Sweden, mix it with their ale inſtead
of hops, and that it gives the liquor an intoxi-
cating quality.
Cattle do not refuſe to eat it.
a
Kk
POLY

498 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA FRSTRANEA.
POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA.
nigra L.
CENTAUREA, Gen. pl. 984.
Recept. ſetoſum. Pappus ſimplex. Cor. radii. in-
fundibuliformes, longiores, irregulares.
Cyani. calycinis Squamis ferrato-ciliatis.
CENTAUREA calycibus ciliatis ; fquamula ova-
ta, ciliis capillaribus erectis, foliis lyrato-angu-
lacis, floribus foſculoſis. Sp. pl. 1288. (Ger: em.
727. f. 1. Pet. berb. t. 22. f. 8 & 9. Parkinſon.
berb. 468.)
Common Black Knapweed. Anglis.
The Horſe-Knot. Scotis auftralibus.
In meadows and paſtures not unfrequent, both in
the highlands and lowlands. $. VIII.
The ſtalk is two or three feet high, firm, branch'd
and angular: the leaves are rough and hard,
the lower ones pinnatid half way down to the
rib, or elſe ſparingly indented; the upper ones
oval-lanceolate and entire. Sometimes it varies,
with all the leaves entire : the flowers are pur-
ple: che fiorets all tubular and hermaphrodite,
no neuter ones in the rim : the calyx is black,
and well expreſs'd in the ſpecific difference.
5
cyanus 2.
CENTAUREA calycibus ſerratis, foliis lineari-
bus integerrimis, infimis dentatis. Sp. pl. 1289.
(Ger. em. 732. f. 2. Pet. berb. t. 22. f. 4. Moris.
bift. f. 7. t. 25. f. 4. Blackwell t. 270.)
Blue-

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMÌA FRUSTRANEA. 499
or Blue-bottles. Angils.
Blue bonnets: Scotis auſtral.
In corn fields not uncommon. O. VII.
The whole plant is ſlightly cover'd with a cotton
down : the ſtalk is a yard high, erect, hard, an-
gular, and branch'd towards the top: the lower
leaves are either indented, or pinnatifid, the ex-
treme ſeginent being largeſt and elliptical: the
upper ones are narrow and linear; each branch
is terminated with a ſpecious blue flower : the
ſcales of the calym are triangular, of a pale
green, or whitiſh colour, their edges fuſcous,
torn or ſerrated, and ciliated with white hairs :
the barren florers which compoſe the rays of the
flower, grow horizo:tal, are commonly nine in
number, remarkably large, obliquely funnel-
ſhap'd, and cut into fix, ſeven, or eight broad
ſerratures at the rim. The filaments below the
Anthere are ſurrounded with a hairy ring. The
ſtyle is barb'd beneath the ſtigma.
The flowers are received as an ornament in the
garden, and vary much in colour, being not
only blue, but white, purple, Aeſh-colour'd,
and variegated.
The neutral forets infuſed in water, or any ſpi-
rituous liquor, give it a beautiful blue colour,
which being mixed with an acid, turns red, with
an alkali green: a fine celour is alſo prepared
from them for the uſe of painting, by drying
them firſt into cakes, in a hair-fieve in an oven,
after the manner of drying ſaffron. See Gentle-
man's Magazine, 1748, March.
Kk 2
The
a

500 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA.
The Swedes mix them with tobacco, but more for
colour chan taſte.
A water diftiiled from them was formerly recom-
mended in inflammations of the eyes, but is
now diſuſed.
Kcabioja 3. CENTAUREA calycibus ciliatis, foliis pinnati-
fidis, pinnis lanceolatis. Sp. pl. 1291. (Ger. em.
727. f. 2. Pet. berb. t. 22. f. 7. Moris. hiſt. f. 7.
1. 26. fig. tertia ordinis ſuperioris)
Great Knapweed or Matfellon. Anglis.
In barren paſtures and corn-fields, but not very
common. We obſerved it amongſt the corn in
the Cars of Gourie, &c. 4. VII. VIII.
The ſtalk is a yard high, erect, hard, furrow'd,
and branch'd : the leaves are firm, ſmooth, or
ſlightly hairy, all pinnatifid, the lobes ob-
cuſely lanceolate and dented: the flowers are
purple, ſpecious, and terminate the branches on
long, naked peduncles: the ſcales of the calyx
have ciliated, fuſcous margins: the neuter Alo-
rets in the rim of the Power are quadrifid and
quinquefid, from 20 to 22 in number, and form
a handſome crown.
It varies ſometimes with white fowers. The feeds
are a winter food to ſmall birds.
POLYGAMIA

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA, 501
POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA
FILAGO. Gen. pl. 995.
Recept. nudum. Pappus nullus. Cal. imbricatus.
Floſculi feminei inter ſquamis calycis locati.
germanica i FILAGO panicula dichotoma, foribus rotundatis
axillaribus hirſutis, foliis acutis. Sp. pl. 1311.
mod corcon (Ger.emac 642. f. 10. Pet. berb. t. 18. f.9&
.
10. Moris hift. S. 7. t, i1. f. 10.)
Childing Cudweed. Anglis.
In corn-fields and barren grounds not uncommon.
O. VII. VIII.
This plant grows erect, and varies from fix to
twelve inches in height: the whole covered with
a downy ſubſtance like cotton. The principal
ſtalk is properly undivided, and terminated with
a cloſe globular head of flowers : but the
branches which grow afterwards from its ſum-
mit, in the more adult plant, are widely dicho-
tomous, and then all the fphærules of flowers,
except thoſe which terminate the branches, be-
come ſeſfile and axillary. The leaves are nu-
merous, linear and acute, growing without or-
der, and nearly erect, having their fides preſſed
a little towards the ftalk and branches. Each
flower in the ſphærule has a pyramidal calyx
with five angles, which calyx conſiſts of imbri-
cated, acute, fuſcous, ſhining ſcales with yellow-
iih edges. Two or three hermaphrodite yel.
lowish

502 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA.
lowiſh forets occupy the diſc of the flower,
which are tubular, quadrifid at the rim, and
barren : but the female florets are numerous
and fertile, very fender, bifid at the rim, and
grow between the ſcales of the calyx. The ſeeds
are all crowned with pappus or down, but ſo
extremely fugacious as to paſs unreguarded by
Linnæus.
The plant has a drying aftringent quality, the
powder and decoction of it have ſometimes been
uſed with ſucceſs in Diarrhæas and dyfenteries.
The farmers in England were accuſtomed former-
ly to give it their cattle to reſtore the faculty
of chewing their cud, whence it acquired the
Engliſh name of cudweed.
montana 2. FILAGO caule ſubdichotomo erecto, floribus
conicis terminalibus axillaribuſque. Syft. nat.
g8o. Sp. pl. 1311. (Ger. em. 641. f. 9. Moris
hift. f. 7. t. 11. f. 3. Pet. herb. t. 18. f. 11.
melior.)
Leaſt cudweed. Anglis.
Upon walls and other dry barren places. We ob-
ſerved it in Strath-Tay, &c. O VII. VIII.
The plant is five or fix inches high, erect, and
covered with the like cotton down as the pre-
ceding. The leaves are numerous, linear, and
The flowers grow from two to four in
a cluſter, at the angles and extremities of the
branches. The calyx is pentagonal, furrow'd,
of a whitiſh green colour, ſhining at the top,
and
acute.
a

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA. 503
and includes Aorets of both ſexes. The ſmall-
neſs of the cluſters, and the few flowers which
compoſe them, will readily diftinguiſh this plant
from the preceding.
Go
lo
TO U19
MONOGAMIA
is bra, De
3. TO

504
SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.
Μ Ο Ν Ο G A MI A.
a
JASIONE. Gen. pl. 1005.
Cal. coinmunis 10-phyllus. Cor. 5-petala, regularis,
Caps. infera, bilocularis.
montana 1. JASIONE. Sp. pl. 1317. (Ger, emac. 723. f. 12;
Moris. bift. S. 5. t. 5. f. 48. Pet. herb. t. 55. f.
2. Column. ecphras. p. 226. 6. 227. Læs. Pruſ.
1. 73. bon.)
Hairy Sheep's Scabious. Scabious Rampion. Anglis.
In dry hilly paſtures, as at Chatelherault, by Han
milton, and at Brodic-Caſtle, in the Iſle of
Arran, &c. O. VII.
The ſtalk is about a foot high, erect and branch’d.
The leaves are numerous, growing without or-
der, elliptical, roughly hairy, waved on the
edges, ſometimes Nightly ferrated, but oftner
intire. The branches are deftitute of leaves a
good way downwards, and are terminated with
nearly hemiſperical heads of blue Aowers,
which are ſubtended by a common calyx, con-
fiſting of about ten oval-lanceolate leaves. Each
floret has alſo its own proper quinquefid calyx,
ſupported by a peduncle. The floret itſelf is
pentapetalous, the petals linear, acute, and con-
Anected together at their baſe. The capſule is
roundiſh and angular, crowned with the calyx,
and has two or three cells, containing many
aval


XXL
Bobetia Dortmanna. p, sans
Moses Griffiths del
505.
P Mazell sculp

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA,
506
oval brown ſhining ſeeds. The fiorers in the
centre of the head are often abortive. The
young plants yield a milky juice.
Linnæus ſays that bees are fond of the flowers,
LOBELIA. Gen. pl. 1006.
Cal. 5-fidus. Corolla 1-petala, irregularis. . Caps.
infera, 2-s. 3-locularis.
dortmannai LOBELIA foliis linearibus bilocularibus integerri-
mis, caule fubnudo. Sp. pl. 1318. (Pet. herb. 1.
67, f. 7. Oed. Dan. . 39. & fig. noft.)
Water Lobelia, Water Gladiole. Anglis.
It is very frequent in almoſt every freſh-water loch
in Scotland, and particularly in the highlands
and weſtern iſles, growing near the edges of the
water. 24. VII. IX.
The leaves ſpread in a circle about the root, and
grow under the water : they are about two inches
long, linear, fattiſh, and generally a little re-
flexed at the ends, and if cut tranſverſely are
found to conſiſt of two longitudinal and paral-
lel hollow tubes, which is very remarkable: the
ſtalk is erect, round, hollow, from a foot to two
feet high, and almoſt naked: the flowering part
raiſed out of the water. The flowers are white,
with a light tinge of blue or purple, eight or
ten in number, growing in a thin ſpike: each is
is monopetalous and ringent, divided into five
fegnients at the rim; the two upper ſegments
narrow, lanceolate, and a little reflexed : the
three others broader and oval: the capſule is
obtuſely

500
SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.
obtufely oval, and conſiſts of two cells, contain-
ing many ſmall ſeeds. The whole plant is lac-
teſcent.
VIOLA, Gen. Pl. 1007.
Cal. pentaphyllus. Cor. pentapetala, irregularis,
poſtice cornuta. Caps. ſupera, trivalvis, unilocu-
laris.
* Acaules.
paluſtris 1. VIOLA acaulis, foliis reniformibus. Sp. pl. 1324.
(Pet. herb. t. 37. f. 5. Moris. bift. f. 5. t. 35.f.
5. Oed. Dan. t. 83. opt.)
Marſh Violet. Anglis.
In bogs and marſhy grounds not unfrequent. 4.
V. VI.
The floral ftalk is either round or femicylindrical,
about three inches high, deftitute of leaves;
but furniſhed in the middle with two lanceolate
ciliated Braclæa, and terminated with a ſingle
sin potest Small flower of a pale blue or flesh colour: the
Inte bes i two uppermoſt petals are of an uniform colour
without ſtreaks: the ſide ones have one or two
purple ſtreaks, and the lowermoft has about
feven branched ones: the fpur or heel of the
fower is ſhort and blunt, and produced but a
very little behind the calyx. The leaves, which
are all radical, are ſmooth and tender; kidney-
Shaped, and crenated on the edges. The root
creeps, and is covered with nany foliaceous
bus fcales. Londosanchest
Lain and do it
V. acaulis,
,

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.
507
odorata 2.
2
V. acaulis, foliis cordatis, ſtolonibus reptantibus.
Sp. pl. 1324. (Ger. em. 850. f. 1. 2. Blackwell :.
55. Oed. Dan. 2. 309. opt.)
Sweeet Violet. Anglis.
Sail-chuach. Gaulis
Under hedges and on banks by the lodes of ri-
vulets. 4. III. IV.
The root throws out creeping runners : the leaves
are heart-ſhaped, crenated, and pubeſcent un-
derneath : the peduncles radical : the flowers
extremely fragrant, and are either of the colour
which the Name of the plant imports, or white.
The flowers are eſteemed to be anodyne, cooling
and emollient. A ſyrup made of them proves
an agreeable and uſeful laxative to children:
the leaves are alſo emollient, and the feeds
diuretic.
The blue tincture of yiolets is a common teſt of
all acid and alkaline ſubſtances, for being mix'd,
the firſt will always turn it of a red colour, the
latter of a green.
The Turks make a violet ſugar of the flowers,
which diffolved in water makes their favorite
liquor, called Sorbet. Haſſelquiſt's Voyage, P.
254.
The Caledonian ladies formerly uſed them as a
coſmetic, as appears from the advice given in
the following Gaulic lines :
Sail-chuach as bainne ghabhar
Suadh re e aghaidh,
'Scha
a

308
SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.
'Scha 'n'eil mac ri'air an donihan
Nach bi air do dheadhai'.
Thus tranſlated,
" Anoint thy face with goat's milk in which vio-
lets have been infuſed, and there is not a young
prince upon earth who would not be charmed
with thy beauty."
** Caulefcentes.
CORINA 3
VIOLA caule adultiore aſcendente, foliis oblongo-
cordatis. Sp. pl. 1324. (Ger. em. 851. f. 6. Pet.
herb t. 37. f.4. Moris. hift. S. 5. 6. 7. f. 2. Bar-
rel. ic. 695. Rivin. t. 117.)
Dog's Violet. Anglis.
In woods, paſtures and heaths frequent. 44. IV. V.
The leaves are pubeſcent at their firſt eruption, but
afterwards ſmooth: the Aoral ſtalks, at firſt
flowering, appear to be radical ; afterwards the
plant becomes canleſcent and branched, with
leaves and peduncles growing out of the ſtalk:
the flipulæ are dented with long cilia : the flowers
are without ſcent, of a bluiſh colour, with a
thick white obtuſe NeEtarium, or ſpur.
*** Stipulis pinnatifidis ; ftigmate urceolato.
grandiflora VIOLA caule triquetro erecto, foliis oblongiufcu-
lis, ſtipulis pinnatifidis. Syft. nat. p. 585. Mantr).
D. 120. (Barrel. ic. 691&692. Huller. ftirp. Hel-
vet. p. 243. n. 566. t. 17. & varietas cauleſcens.
Moris. bift. S. 7. t. 7. f. 11. Pet. herb. t. 37. f. 10.
Rivin. 1. 119)
Great

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.
509
Great yellow Violet. Anglis.
On hilly paſtures and mountains not unfrequent,
as en Broughton-heights, in Tweddale, and on the
Pentland-bills, about two miles ſouth of Faft-
Caſtle, at Crawford-John, near the Lead-bills, in
Lanerkſhire, and with a purple flower on Mall-
gyrdy, in Breadalbane, &c. 2. VI-VIII.
The plant at its firſt Aowering is dwarfiſh, but af..
terwards become cauleſcent, erect, and about
ſix inches high: the leaves are oval pubefcent,
and have generally eight diſtant obtuſe ſerratures
in the margin: the ſtipula are very large, and
either trifid, quinquefid or pinnatifid : the leaves
of the calyx are ferrated behind : the flower is
generally much larger in proportion than in the
other ſpecies, and is commonly of a yellow co-
lour, the baſe of the petals being ſtreak’d with
dark purple rays : ſometimes it varies with a
purple flower, the petals having yellow ungues,
and ſtreak'd as before : we haxe alſo ſeen it with
two of the petals purple, and the reſt yellow.
The ſpur is longer than the calyx, and almoſt
ſtrait, but not above one-third part ſo long as
the petals.
30
sricolor 5. VIOLA caule triquetro diffuſo, foliis oblongis in-
ciſis, ſtipulis pinnatifidis. Syft. nat. p. 585. (Ger.
em. 854 f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 37. f. 8. 9. Moris.
hift. S. 5. 1.7. f. 8. 10. Rivin. 1. 120. Blackwell
t. 44.)
Panſies

570
SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA:
Panſies, or Heart’s-Eaſe. Anglis.
Sail-chuach. Gaulis.
In corn-fields frequent, O. V-IX.
The ſtalk is weak, proſtrate and branched: the
leaves are elliptical; the fipule pinnatifid at
the baſe, the extreme lobe being oval, obtuſe,
and a little ſerrated, reſembling a ſmall leaf.
The peduncles are compreſſed. The Bracted
Bahaſtate, with two obſolete dents on each ſide at
der at the baſe. The flower varies greatly, the pe-
tals being often of two, and ſometimes of three
colours, a dark velvet-purple, yellow and blue,
ſtreaked at the baſe with blackiſh veins. This
elegant colouring has gained it a place in almoſt
every garden. In is wild ſtate however, it is
feldom ſo very ſpecious, the flower being com-
monly ſmaller, the two upper petals of a whitiſh
colour, and the lowermoft yellow ſtreaked with
60 dark lines; or elſe the whole flower of a pale
blue colour. Od os bo
In Warwickſhire and Worceſterſhire this plant is call-
na need by the common people Love in Idleneſs, and
no
therefore is doubtleſs the herb to which the in
ventive fancy of Shakeſpear attributes ſuch ex-
traordinary virtues in the perſon of Oberon king
of the fairies, in the Midſummer Night's Dream.
Act 2. fo. 2.
Yet mark'd I where the bolt of Cupid fell,
It fell upon a little weſtern flower,
* The poet calls it a little weſtern flower, becauſe the ſcene
of his play is fixed at Athens, which is eaſtward of Great-Britain.
Before
a
dow
a

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.
511
Before milk-white, now purple with love's wound;
And maidens call it Love in Idleneſs.
Fetch me that flower, the herb I ſhew'd thee once ;
The juice of it, on ſleeping eye-lids laid,
Will make or man or woman madly doat
Upon the next live creature that it ſees.
MIS
CLASSES

612
GYN ANDRI A.
CL ASSIS XX.
G YN AN D R I A.
DI A N DR I A.
ORCHIS. Nectarium corniculatum.
SATYRIUM. Nectarium ſcrotiforme.
OPHRYS. NeEtarium ſubcarinatum.
SERAPIAS. Nektarium ovatum fubtus gibbum.
POLYANDRIA.
ARIUM.
Spatha. Cal. nullus. Cor. nulla.
Stam. fupra piſtilla.
ZOSTERA. Folium. Cal. nullus. Cor. nulla,
Sem. alterna nuda.
DI ANDRIA.
bifolia 1.
ORCHIS. Gen. pl. 1009.
Nettarium corniforme pone florem.
* Bulbis indiviſis.
ORCHIS bulbis indiviſis, nectarii labis lanceolato
integerrimis ; cornu longiffimo, petalis patenti-
bus. Sp. pl. 1331. (Ger. em. 211. f. 1. 2. Pet.
berb. t. 68. f. 11. 12. Vaill, Paris. t. 30. f. 7.
Sequier. Veron. t. 15. f. 10. Haller. Stirp. Helvet.
1285. t, 35. bona. Oed. Dan. t. 235. optima.)
Butterfly Orchis. Anglis.
In woods and in dry expoſed paſtures not uncom-
mon, as about Auchendenny, &c. 24. VI.
The

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
513
a
The root conſiſts of two oval ſolid bulbs, crowned
with thick fleſhy fibres: the ſtalk is angular,
from a foot to eighteen inches high. The leaves
are radical, oval, two or three inches wide, and
generally two in number, but ſometimes three.
Thoſe on the ſtalk are ſmall, and reſemble lan-
ceolate ſtipule. The flowers are white, with a
flight mixture of green, and grow in a long lax
ſpike. The petals are diftended fo as clearly to
exhibit the ſtamina to open view : the lip is long
narrow and linear : the nettarium, or ſpur is tu-
bular, a little compreſſed, about an inch long,
and contains a clear liquor. The anthere are
yellow, and diſtant from each other : the flow-
ers in the morning and evening have a ſweet
honey-like ſmell.
Bi There is a variety of this orchis with a ſmaller
fower and ſhorter ſtalk, which bloſſoms later,
and grows in dry paſtures, called the leſſer but-
terfly orchis.
The roots of this, and moſt of the other ſpecies
of orchis, are eſteemed to be aphrodiſiacal.
2.
pyramidalis ORCHIS bulbis indiviſis, nectarii labio bicorni
trifido æquali integerrimo, cornu longo, petalis
ſublanceolatis. Syft. nat. 589. Sp.pl. 1332. (Raii
Syn. p. 377. t. 18. bon. Seg. Veron. t. 15. f. 11.
flos. Vaill. paris. t. 31. f. 38. flos. Rivin. t. 14.
Hall. bift. Helvet. 1286. t. 35.)
TE: Purple late-flowering Orchis. Anglis.
L 1
In

514
GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
a
In dry paſtures, but very rare, as near Kiloran, in
the iſland of Colonſa. 4. VII.
The flowers of this grow in a ſhort cloſe conical
ſpike, and are of a bright purple colour, with-
out any ſpots, making an elegant appearance.
The three upper petals are cloſe together, the
ſide ones expanded, the lip is divided into three
oval ſhort intire ſegments, nearly equal; at the
baſe of which are two parallel longitudinal au-
ricles.
The fpur is cylindrical, nender, and
longer than the capſule. The ſtalk is furniſhed
with five or ſix lanceolate acute leaves : The
Bracted are lanceolate, coloured, and of the
length of the germen.
morio 3.
ORCHIS bulbis indiviſis, nectarii labio quadrifi-
do crenulato, cornu obtuſo aſcendente, petalis
obtufis conniventibus. Syft. nat. 589. Sp. pl.
1333. (Ger. em. 208. f. 2. Vaill. par. to 31. f.
13. 14. floſ. Seg. Veron. t. 15. f. 7. flos. Rivin.
t. 13. Haller, biſt. 1. 1282. 1. 33.)
Female Fool-ſtones. Anglis.
In paſtures and moiſt woods frequent. 4. VI.
The ſtalk is about eight inches high: the ſpike
confifts of few flowers, feldom more than 12,
generally of a purple colour, but ſometimes
fleſh-coloured, or white : the petals all cloſe to-
gether, 'forming a vaulted arch over the ſtamina.
They are obtufe, and always ſtreaked longitu-
dinally with green lines : the lip of the nectarium
is trifid and ſpotted in the middle, the lateral
lobes

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA..
515
lobes are ſlightly crenated and reflex'd ; the cen-
tral one is crenated and flightly bifid : the ſpur
is about the length of the germen, obtuſe at
the end, emarginated, and a little aſcending:
the BraEteæ ate of the colour of the flower, and
about the length of the germen.
snaſcula 4. ORCHIS bulbis indiviſis, nectarii labio quadrilo-
bo crenulato; cornu obtuſo, petalis dorſalibus
reflexis. Sp. pl. 1333. Syft. nat. 590. (Ger. em.
208. f. 1. Seg. Veron. t. 15. f. 6. flos. Vaill Paris.
t. 31. f. 11, 12. Rivin. t. 21. Blakwell t. 53.
Oed. dan. t. 457. Haller. hiſt. 128 3. t. 33. opt.)
Male Fool-ftones: Anglis.
In woods frequent, as in Logton-Wood, near Dal-
keith, &c. 4. VI.
The ſtalk is about a cubit high : the leaves broad,
fat, and gloffys and generally ſtained with
blood-colour'd ſpots: the flowers grow in a long
thin ſpike, of a ſpecious purple colour: the
exterior petals are oval and acute; the two ſide
ones fold back, ſtand erect, and have no green
ſtreaks : the lip of the nectarium is crenated
and trifid, and the middle lobe bifid, but is
lengthened out beyond the ſide ones. In theſe
reſpects it differs from the preceding.
The ſpikes of theſe flowers are the Long-Purples,
or dead men's fingers, which helped to compoſe
poor Ophelia's garlands:
LI 2
There

516
GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
There with fantaſtic garlands did ſhe come,
Of crow-flowers, nettles, daiſies, and long purples,
(That liberal ſhepherds give a groſſer name,
But our cold maids do desd men's fingers call them.)
Hamlet, act 4.
The ſalep of the ſhops is made, for the moſt part,
of the roots of this Orchis; for this purpoſe the
largeſt and plumpeft bulbs muſt be gathered,
ſkinned, and boiled over a gentle fire for half
an hour; afterwards they muſt be ſtrung upon
a thread, and hung up in the ſhade till they are
dry. Theſe, reduced to powder, are the ſalep,
eſteemed as a reſtorative and aphrodiſiac, and
reckoned ſerviceable alſo in dyſenteries, and
phthiſicky complaints.
** Bulbis palmatis.
latifolia 5. ORCHIS bulbis ſubpalmatis rectis, nectarii cornu
conico;
labio trilobo lateribus reflexo, bracteis
fiore longioribus. Sp. pl. 1334: (Ger. em. 226. f.
1.8 222. f. 3. Vaill. paris. t. 31. f. 1, 2, 3, 4,
5. flores. Blakwell. t. 405. Oed. dan. t. 266.opt.
Haler. hiſt. 1279. t. 32. bona.)
Male handed Orchis. Anglis.
In marſhy grounds and bogs conmon. 4. VI.
"The bulbs are divided into two or three fingers,
which are not divaricated, but run directly
downwards: the leaves are broad, and com-
monly without ſpots, but are ſometimes obſcurely
ftained: the ſtalk is a foot or more high, ſtriated
and
a

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
517
and fiftular: the ſpike is conico-cylindrical: the
flowers are commonly purple, but ſometimes
red or white, intermixed with many broad lan-
ceolate Braxtea, which are longer than the
flowers: the two fide petals turn back, and
ſtand almoſt upright, the others connive toge.
gether : the lip is divided into three obſcure
lobes, ſerrated on the edges, and marked with
purple lines and ſpots: the middle lobe is ſhort,
and the ſide ones reflexed : the ſpur is conical,
a little incury'd, and ſhorter than the germen.
maculata 6. ORCHIS bulbis palmatis patentibus, nectarii cor-
nu germinibus breviore, labio plano, petalis
dorſalibus patulis. Sp. pl. 1335. Syſt. nat. 590.
(Ger. em. 220. f. 2. Vaill. paris. 1. 31. f. 9 10.
Rivin. 1. 8. & 11. Hell, hift. 1278. t. 32.
.bona.)
Female handed Orchis. Anglis. Balderry. Scotis.
An ùrach-bhallach. Gaulis.
In paſtures and heaths very common. 4. VII.
The bulbs are divided into three or or four divari-
cated fingers: the leaves are almoſt always ſpot.
ted, and narrower than in the preceding ſpecies :
the ſtalk is a cubit high, and folid : the ſpike is
cylindrical, and the flowers commonly of a pale
bluſh, or almoſt white colour, marked with
many ſpots and purple lines: the ſide petals
ſtand open, and almoſt erect: the lip is plane,
crenated, and divided into three lobes, the mid-
dle one narroweſt, and generally acute and en-
tire:
a

518
GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
tire : the four is obtuſe, and a little ſhorter that
the germen: the Bračleæ are not longer than the
flowers, and much narrower than in the preced-
ing kind.
B. A variety of this, with ſpotleſs leaves, found in
Auchendenny woods, was communicated by Dr.
Parſons.
conopſea 7. O. bulbis palmatis. nectarii cornu ſetaceo germini-
bus longiore ; labio trifido, petalis duobus pa-
tentiffimis. Sp. pl. 1335. Syft. nat. 590. (Ger. em.
227: f. 5. kivin. t. 11. Vaill. paris. t. 30. f. 8.
Hall. bift. 1287. t. 29. bona, Oed. Dan. t. 224.
opt.)
Long-fpur'd ſweet. handed Orchis. Anglis.
In paſtures not unfrequent, as in thoſe eaſtward of
Auchendenny, and about Comrie, near Creif, &c.
29. VI.
The ftalk is a cubit high, the leaves long and nar-
row, their fides a little compreſs'd: the flowers
grow in a long cylindrical ſpike, generally of
an uniform purple colour, but ſometimes white :
the fide petals are widely expanded, the reſt con-
nive: the lip is divided into three obtuſe and
nearly equal ſegments, the ſide ones ſometimes
ſlightly ferrated, the middle one quite entire :
the ſpur is very ſender, cury'd, and about three
times the length of the ſide petals : the Bra&eæ
are lanceolate, and rather longer than the ger-
men: the flowers are ſweet ſcented.
.
SATYRIUM.

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
519
viride 2.
SATYRIUM. Gen. pl. 1010.
Nettariun ſcrotiforme f. inflato-didymum pone
florem.
SATYRIUM bulbis palmatis, foliis oblongis obtu-
ſis, nectarii labio lineari trifido, lacinia intermedia
obſoleta. Sp. pl. 1337. (Vaill. paris. t. 31. f. 6,
7, 8. Loes. Pruſs. 182 t. 59. Seg. veron. p. 133.
t. 15. f. 18. flores. I. 16. f. 18. plant. Haller. hifi.
1269. t. 26. Oed. Dan. t. 77, opt.)
Frog Satyrion. Anglis.
In dry hilly paſtures not uncommon. We obſerv'd
it in Jura, near Mr. Campbell's, in Ifa, Colonſa,
and Sky, &c. 4. VI. VII.
The ſtalk is about fix or eight inches high: the
lower leaves oval: the flowers are of a greeniſh,
and ſometimes of a dull red colour, growing in
a thin ſpike, two or three inches long: the brac-
tæ are lanceolate, and longer than the germen :
the petals all connive, and form a galea over the
ſtamina : the lip is plane, ligulate, of the length
of the germen, wideft at the extremity and bis
fid, with a ſhort triangular mucro in the middle,
between the ſegments: the ſpur is very ſmall,
oval, didymous, and about 1-12th of an inch
long,
a
a lbidum 3.
SATYRIUM bulbis faſciculatis, foliis lanceolatis,
nectarii labio trifido acuto, lacinia intermedia
obtuſa. Sp. pl. 1338. (Michel. gen. t. 26. f. A.
B. C. Hall. biff. 1270. f. 26. Oed. dan. 1. 11!
White

520
GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
White Satyrion. Anglis.
In dry mountainous paſtures not very uncommon.
We obſerved it at the Iſthmus of Tarbat, in Can-
tire, in Argyloſhire; in the iſle of Arran, near
Loch-Ranfa, &c. in Jura, on a dry hilly paſture,
near Mr. Campbell's, in Ifa, Colonſa and Skye,
in ſimilar places. 4. VI. VII.
The root conſiſts of ſix or eight long tap-ſhap'd
ſolid radicles: the ſtalk is about ten inches high:
the ſpike is about three inches long, cylindrical
and thick ſet with numerous ſmall whitiſh de-
flexed flowers: the Braetex are lanceolate, and
rather longer than the germen : the petals are
white, and connive into the forın of a galea, the
fide ones longeſt : the lip of the nežtarium is
green, and divided into three acute ſegments, the
middle one largeſt: the ſpur is white, about half
the length of the germen, obtuſe at the end, and
recurved, but not didymous, as the generic cha-
racter requires.
repens 3.
SATYRIUM bulbis fibroſis, foliis ovatis radica-
libus, foribus fecundis. Sp. pl. 1339. (Ger. em.
227. f. 4. Loes. pruſ. 210. 1. 68. Haller. bijt.
1295. tab. 22. Trew. Lit. Norimb. anno. 1736.
bebd. 52. p. 409. t. 6. S. 7. bona. & fig. noft.)
Creeping Satyrion. Anglis.
In old moſly woods, but very rare. We found it
growing amongſt the Hypna, in an old ſhady
maiſt hanging birch wood, called, in the Erſe
language, Ca-bue, or Yellow-bill, facing the houſe
of

Satyrium repers 1.520
.

UNE
OF
PRICH

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
521
of Mr. Mackenzie, of Dundonald, about two
miles from the head of Little I.och-Broom, on
the weſtern coaſt of Roſsfire. It has alſo been
found in a wood oppoſite to Moy-ball, on the
ſouth ſide of the road to Inverneſs, as we have
been informed by Dr. Hope, 4. VIII.
The roots are round, annular, and branched, and
creep under the moſs, throwing out new run-
ners or ſhoots : the ſtalk is about a foot high,
erect, and hairy, eſpecially towards the top:
the leaves are oval, nervous, have broad folia-
ceous pedicles, and grow near the baſe of the
ftalk. Thoſe nerves are generally five in num-
ber, but ſometimes ſeven, branched from the ſides
and reticulated with veins which are often of a
fuſcous colour. The powers are a little hairy,
or pubeſcent, whitiſh or ftraw-coloured, and
grow in a ſpike, from fifteen to twenty in num-
ber, riſing from one ſide of the ſtalk, but turn-
ing round, and looking to the other ſide. The
bractea are lanceolate, longer than the germen,
and of the ſame colour as the flowers: the pe-
tals are three, pubeſcent, and glew'd, as it were,
together, ſo that they cannot be ſeparated with-
out being torn. The lip is lanceolate, and ter-
minated behind with a gibbous boat-ſhaped
neftarium, which makes this plant belong inore
properly to the genus of Serapias. Lin.
OPHRYS.

522
GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
3
OPHRYS. Gen. pl. 1011.
Nektarium fubtus ſubcarinatum.
the Bulbis ramoſis.
Nidus cevis OPHRYS bulbis fibrofo-faſciculatis, caule vagina-
to aphyllo, nectarii labio bifido. Syft. nat. 592.
Sp. pl. 1339. (Ger. em. 228. f. 1. Rivin. t. 7.
Tournef. Inft. p. 438. t. 250. Haller. hiſt. 1290.
t. 37. bona. Oeder. Dan. t. 181. opt.)
Bird's Neſt Ophrys. Anglis.
In woods, but not common, as in Auckendenny
woods, ten miles from Edinburgh, towards La-
nerk. Dr. Parfons. And in the woods at Finla.
rig, at the head of Loch-Tay, in Breadalbane,
&c, Mr. Stuart, 4. VI.
The root conſiſts of a bundle of Aeſhy, brittle
cylindrical fibres, which grow ſideways out of the
baſe of the ſtalk, at right angles. The whole
plant is of an uniform pale brown, or fuille-
mort colour: the ſtalk is erect, firm, brittle,
:
from a foot to a cubit high, deftitute of leaves,
bue furniſhed with fuſcous ſcales, or ſtipulæ,
theathing the ſtalk : the flowers are numerous,
of the fame colour with the ſtalk, and grow in
a thick cylindrical spike, thineſt at the bafe :
the Brabiee are hardly ſo long as the germen:
fo
the petals all connive: the lip has an oval con-
cavity at the baſe, and is femibifid at the end :
the ſegments recede widely from each other, and
are little ſhorter than the germen.
OPHRYS
a

OF
MU

a
drys wallorhiza nas
P.523.
Ilosar tulpisho
P Mazell sculp.

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA,
523
2.
corallorhiza ORPHYS bulbis ramoſis flexuoſis, caule vaginato,
aphyllo, nectarii labio trifido. Syft. nat. 592.
Sp. pl. 1339. (Ger. em. 1585. f. 2. Haller. hiſt.
1301. t. 44. Oed. Dan. t. 451. & fig. not.)
Coral-rooted Ophrys. Anglis.
In marſhy woods, but very rare. We obſerved it
only in one place, and there ſparingly, viz. in a
moiſt hanging wood, on the ſouth ſide, near the
head of Little-Loch-Broom, on the weſtern coast
of Roſs-fire. H. VI. VII.
The root conſiſts of white, thick, ſucculent, obtufo
fibres, branched like coral. The ſtalk is about
ſix or eight inches high, and has no other leaves
than ſheathing ſtipule. The flowers grow in a
thin ſpike, about eight or ten in number, verg-
ing a little to one ſide of the ſtalk, and ſub-
tended each by an oval-lanceolate greeniſh Brac-
tea. The upper petals are green, oval lanceo-
late, and connive in the form of a ſemicylindric
Galea. The lateral petals are patent, whitjih,
and ſtreaked with a green line. The lip is oval-
lanceolate, white, and ſtreaked with two green
lines, forming an acute angle. The flower is
furniſhed with four ſtamina, two in each cell.
The capſules nod.
2004. 3
OPHRYS bulbo fibroſo, caule bifolio, foliis ova-
tis, nectarii labio bifido. Sp. pl. 1340. (Ger. eni.
402. f. 1. Pet. herb. t. 70. f. 10. Rivin. t. 7.
Oed: Dex. t. 137. bon. Haller, biſ. 1291. t. 37.
opt.)
Grcat

524
GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
a
Great Twayblade. Anglis.
In woods and moiſt paſtures (not uncommon. 24.
VI.
The ſtalk is a cubit high, downy, and furniſhed
only with two oppoſite, broad, obtuſely oval,
nervous or plantain-like leaves, which grow
nearly in the middle between the root and the
bottom of the ſpike; the baſe of one of theſe
leaves embracing the baſe of the other. The
ſpike is five or fix inches long, diſtinctly let
with thirty or forty yellowiſh green flowers.
The lip of the Power is nearly linear, ſemibifid,
and about twice the length of the germen, and
deſcends perpendicularly : the ſegments are ob-
tuſe, the germen is thick, oval, and furrowed
with fix lines.
cor data 4. OPHRYS bulbo fibroſo, caule bifolio, foliis cor-
datis. Sp. pl. 1340. (Pet. herb. t. 70. f. 11. Mo-
ris. S. 12. t. 11. f. 4. Haller. bift. 1292. t. 22.
opt.)
Little Twar blade, vith heart-ſhap'd leaves. Anglis.
In marihy places by the ſides of rivulets, on the
highland mountains in many places, as on Ben-
na-grion in Strath, two miles above Mackennon's
caſtle, in the Iſle of Skie; on the mountains in
Roſs-shire, about Little Loch-Broom, and in Brea-
dalbane, &c. 21, VII.
The root conhits of many long round fibres : the
ſtalk is about fix or eight inches high, and the
whole plant is of a tender and delicate texture.
The

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
525
The leaves are only two, ſmooth, oppoſite, and
heart-ſhaped, and about half an inch wide at
the baſe : the flowers grow in a thin ſpike, ten
or twelve in number; of a green colour, often
turning red in decay: the petals are lanceolate,
and ſtand wide open : the lip is ſemibifid, longer
than the germen, and has a dent on each ſide at
the baſe, which is wanting in the preceding
ſpecies: the ſegments are acute, and often of a
dark red colour.
** Bulbis rotundis.
paludoſa 5. OPHRYS bulbo fubrotundo, fcapo ſubnudo, pen-
tagono, foliorum apicibus ſcabris, nectarii labio
integro. Sp. pl. 1341. (Pluk. alm. t. 247. f. 2.
Pet. herb. t. 70, f.12)
Marſh Ophrys. Anglis.
We have received information that this has been
found in ſome marſhes near St. Andrews, but we
do not affirm it from our own knowledge. 21..
VIII. IX,
The root conſiſts of one, and ſometinies more
bulbs growing one above another, with fibres
ſhooting from their baſe: the ſtalk is about a
finger's length, and has two or three alternate
oval-lanceolate leaves near its baſe, having their
inner margin towards the top ſerrulated and
rough to the touch : the flowers are numerous,
twenty or thirty in a ſpike, of a yellowiſh green
colour : the ſide petals fold back and ſtand erect :
the lip of the netarium is lanceolate and entire.
SERAPIAS

526
GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
SERAPIAS. Gen. pl. 1012.
Nettarium ovacum, gibbum, labio ovato.
latifolia 1. SERAPIAS bulbis fibroſis, foliis ovatis amplexi-
caulibus; foribus pendulis. Syft. nat. 593. Scop.
Carn. 1128. (Ger. em. 442. f. 1. Rivin. 1. 6.
Haller. hift. 1297 t. 40. opt.)
Broad-leay'd Helleborine. Anglis.
In woods, but not very common, as at Chatelher-
ault, near Hamilton. Dr. Perſons. And in the
wood of Comrie, in Strathearn. Sibbald, 24. VII.
VIII.
The ſtalk is erect, firm, Nightly villoſe, a cubit or
more high, and furniſhed with fix or eight ner-
vous oval leaves, the lowermoſt broad and ob-
tuſe, the uppermoſt narrower and lanceolate,
degenerating gradually into ſtipula. The ſpike
is about fix inches long, conſiſting of nearly 30
nodding flowers, which often lean to one fide
of the ſtalk : the braflee are longer than the
flowers : the gérmén is downy, pendulous, of a
pear-ſhaped form, ſtreaked with three elevated
ridges, and ſupported by a peduncle. The three
upper petals of the flower are of a green colours
oval-acure form, and ſlightly villoſe on the up-
per ſide: the lateral ones are a little ſhorter, of
a more tender texture, of a white colour, with
a little tinge of green: two petals connive
at firſt, but afterwards recede and ſtand open :
the nectarium is an oval cavity, moiſtened with
a green liquor, and furniſhed with white erect
marginal

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
627
marginal appendages : the lip is heart ſhaped,
the end acute and deflexed, and commonly of a
whitiſh, or a pale red colour, but ſometimes
this and the whole flower is of a dark red, or
blood colour. The capſule is obtuſely triangu-
lar, has three valves and one cell.
a
paluſtris 2. SERAPIAS bulbis fibroſis, foliis enſiformibus,
ſelilibus, floribus pendulis, nectarii labio ob-
tuſo, ſubſerrato, petalis longiore.
S. longifolia Lin. Syſt. nat. 593. S. paluſtris. Scop.
Fl. Carn. i 129. Helleborine paluſtris noftras. Raii
Syn. p. 384 n.9. (Rivin. t. 3. Haller. hiſt. 1296-
1. 39. bona. Oed. Dan. t. 267. opt.)
Marſh Helleborine. Anglis.
In rough boggy paſtures and marſhes, but not
common. We obſerv'd it in ſome bogs near
Duntulm caſtle, in the iſle of Skye. 4. VII.
The flowers grow about fifteen or twenty in a looſe
ſpike. The germen is villoſe, and of a dark red
or purpliſh colour. The three exterior petals
are green mix'd with red, and ſlightly pubeſcent.
The lateral ones are white with a red bluſh: the
lip hangs down out of the flower, and is heart-
Thap'd, obtuſe, white, lightly ſerrated, and plaic-
ed on the margins, and often emarginated : the
mestarium is mark’d with red lines and yellow
cuberculous ſpots. This is enough to diſtin-
guiſh it from the preceding, and the whole ha-
bit of the plant declares it to be a different
(pecies,
SERAPIAS
a

528
GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.
grandiflora SERAPIAS bulbis fibroſis, foliis enſifornibus, flo-
3.
ribus erectis, nectarii labio obtufo petalis
breviore. Syft. nat. 594. S. longifolia. Sp. pl.
1345. (Moris. hiſt. ſ. 12. t. 11. f. 12. Haller.
bift. 1298, t. 41, bona. Oed. Dan. t. 506, opt.)
White-flowered Helleborine. Anglis.
In woods, but rare. We ſaw it in a wood at Loch-
Ranſa, in the iſle of Arran. 2. VI.
The leaves are variable, being ſometimes of an
oval-lanceolate, but generally of a long-lanceo-
late form. Tho Aowers are large, erect ſix or
eight in a thin ſpike, ſubtended by foliaceous
lanceolate Braćteæ, the lowermoſt of which are
broad, and longer than the flowers : the petals
are all white, and connive together : the lip of the
meEtarium is enclos'd within the petals (not pen-
dant as in the preceding, and is white, ftreak'd
with three yellow prominent lines. The germen
is erect, and nearly ſefile.
a
POLY ANDRIA.
ARUM. Gen. pl. 1028.
Spatba monophylla, cucullata. Spadix fupra nu-
dus, infernè femineus, medio ftamineus.
maculatum ARUM acaule, foliis haftatis integerrimis, ſpa-
dice clavato. Sp. pl. 1370. (Ger. em. 834. f. 1.
Moris. hift. S. 13, t. 5, f. 1, ordinis inferioris,
Blockweli t. 228, Miller ic. t. 52, f. 1, bona. Oed.
Dan. t. 505, opt.)
Wake.
1.

GYNANDRIA POLYANDRIA.
529
a
Wake-Robin or Cuckow-Pint. Anglis.
Under hedges and in ſhady places, but not fo fre-
quent as in England. 4. V.
The root is tuberous and feſhy, with fibres grow-
ing out of the baſe : the leaves are radical, ſhap-
ed like the barb of an arrow, ſupported on
footſtalks, ſmooth and gloſſy, and often itain'd
with dark or white ſpots: the Spatha is whitiſh,
deciduous, and ſhap'd not unlike a hare's ear :
with n it is a purple club-ſhap'd ſpadix, the baſe
of which is ſurrounded with numerous germina,
with many ſeſfile quadrilocular Antheræ above
them, and again over theſe ſome roundith Pa-
pilla, terminated with deflex'd hairs. The ber-
ries when ripe are ſcarlet, full of juice, and con-
tain each one or two round, hard ſeeds, reticu-
lated on the ſurface.
The whole plant is extremely acrimonious to the
taſte, infiaming the mouth for a long time after-
wards ; but the roots when boild or dry'd loſe
all their acrimony, and become perfectly inſipid,
and being of a farinaceous quality, have ſometimes
been made into bread and ſtarch. They are
eſteem'd good in aſtmatic complaints, and ob-
ſtructions of the Bronchia ; but are rarely uſed
in the preſent practice.
22
ZOSTERA. Gen. pl. 1032.
Spadix linearis, altero latere fructifero. Cal. o.
Cor. o. Stam. alterna. Sem. folitaria alterna.
ZOSTERA
M in

530
GYNANDRIA POLYANDRIA,
marina si
ZOSTERA pericarpiis feffilibus. Syst. nat. 605.
Sp. pl. 1374. (Ger. em. 1569. f. 8. Oed. Dan. t.
15. opt.)
Graſs-Wrack. Anglis.
It is thrown up on the ſea-coaſts frequently. H.
-
VIII. 18
The leaves are long, narrow, linear, and graſs-like,
feath'd with ſtipulæ at the baſe. The Aowers
grow on one fide of a thin flat, linear Spadix,
imbedded in a cavity on one ſide of the leaf,
at its baſe. The stamina and germina grow
al-
ternate to each other upon the ſpadix, about ten
in number of each fort.
Linnæus informs us, that the humble Inhabitants
of Gothland in Sweden condeſcend to thatch their 7
houfes, ſtuff their beds, and manure their land
with this plant.
TO
buddy
Sigione contrado
en
-dobra
CLASSIS



HE-LOUIS-C-C-KRIEGER.
MYCOLOGICAL LIBRARY
AND COLLECTIONS.GIFT OF
W HOWARD:A.KELLY.M.D.
DAN
NA
Lightfoot, John
Museum
QK
308
L72
1798
Flora Scotica
Vol.1
London
1777
Hedrich
Julia
4-8
1932
1/1/2
1939
:::::::::
MERBARIUM LIBRARY