*…*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.* - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - **** - º - A 562360 * * * - EAYLEY'S POCKET BOOK FOR PHARMAC ISTS A. POCKET-BOOK FOR PHARMACISTS, MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS, STUDENTS &c, &c. 3-7 || 3 & (BRITISH, coloniaL, AND AMERICAN). By THOMAS BAYLEY, ASSOCIATE OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, CONSULTING Chemist, ANALYST, AND Assayer; Author of “A Pocket-Book for Chemists,” “The Assay and Analysis of Iron and Steel, Iron Ores and Fuel,’ &c., &c. E. & F. N. SPON, 125, STRAND, LONDON. NEW YORK : 12, CORTLANDT STREET. 1889. ſº wavº 2 Mºro H. v. D. 4 ·23-3 P. R. E. F. A. C. E. THIs little book has been compiled for the use of Pharmacists in Britain and her Colonies, and in the United States. It was commenced by the author in conjunction with the late Mr. George Marsh-Jones. The lamented accidental death of Mr. Marsh-Jones when only about 50 pages had been prepared, led to considerable changes in the plan of the work. Mr. Marsh-Jones was an excellent pharmacist and an unwearied compiler of statistical information relating to his own branches of science; and I am only too well aware that the ‘Pharmacists' Pocket - Book” would have been more perfect had he survived. The possibility of including the substances and preparations official in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States without unduly swelling the volume, tempts one to speculate whether it would not be possible to have a general Pharmacopoeia for the whole of the English speaking race. References to the Pharmacopoeias of India, France, and Germany have been made to a minor extent. The author trusts that the numerous contractions (t. iv. - PREFACE. used throughout the work for economy of space will be easily understood by pharmacists, who, from the nature of their training, are expert in the interpretation of contractions and the de- ciphering of hieroglyphical signs. The Latin names of official drugs and preparations are printed with capital initials, and trivial names without this distinguishing mark, thus: Taraxaci Radix and dandelion root, Vinum Aurantii and orange wine. This plan has the advantage that a cer- tain definite preparation is particularised, if, for example, Lupulus be mentioned as an ingredient of a preparation, it is implied that the dried stroboles of the hop must be employed; in the same way Zingiber indicates the scraped and dried rhizome of the official plant, and Acidum Aceticum Dilutum the acid of official strength, and not any indefinitely diluted acetic acid. This practice, however, was not thought necessary in the case of chemical salts, such as sodii acetas. Trivial and Latin names have been used indiscriminately in certain portions of the work, the consideration being economy of space. I have to acknowledge my obligations to the authors of many standard works, particularly to Professor Remington, from whose pre-eminent work on ‘American Pharmacy I have been per- mitted, by the courtesy of Messrs. Burroughs, V PREFACE. Welcome, & Co., to make copious extracts and adaptations. I am also indebted in a similar manner to the authors of Flückiger and Hanbury's ‘Pharmacographia, Brunton’s ‘Phamacology,’ Martindale and Westcott’s “Extra Pharmaco- poeia, Allen's ‘Commercial Organic Analysis,' Murrell's “Poisoning, and many others. The pages of the excellent journals, “The Pharma- ceutical Journal,’ ‘The Chemist and Druggist,’ “The British and Colonial Druggist, which minis- ter to the scientific and commercial interests of the pharmacist, have also assited my work. I trust this little volume will be useful, and that any errors discovered in it will be mercifully criticised on the ground that these are inseparable from a work like the present, abounding in symbols and abbreviations, and bristling with numerical statements. I have tried to make the “Pocket-Book” as accurate as possible. Notes on Materia Medica. . . . . . & - Organic Substances of In- ſ o - ~ definite Composition - - ~ || "…: : Inorganic Substances, Defl- 5 5 nite Organic Substances, &c. * | # ) a 5 ... I Organic Substances of In- F. c 2.ɺ: definite Composition. . . . cº Tº ci lº, Substances, Defi- º P. 5 nite Organic Substances, &c. Q) E - c. Drugs of Indefinite Composi- + 5-5 ; F ºf tion . . . . . . . . . . & z + gº 5 J2 Drugs of Definite Composi- F. C.E. t tion - - - - - - - - Notes on Ordinary Food Mate- rials, Condiments, &c. - P. 9 || Galenical Preparations:- cº Official in the B.P. (alphabetical) . . . . ă Official in the U.S. P. (Remington's i f SY NOPSIS OF CONTENTS. arrangement) .. 3 Eclectic Resinoids Pl, | Official Drugs arranged accord- ing to Botanical System . - Glossary of Botanical Terms .. \ List of Latin Terms and Technical Phrases . . . . . . - - - - - - - - Glossary of Latin Words . . . . . . 1-A.G.E. l 52 103 115 121 134 141 144 197 245 247 285 306 314 V i i i SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS. PAGr 3. Glossary of Medical Terms 332 3 Antidote Bag . . . . . . . . . . 357 F Poisoning, Domestic Treatment. . . . . . 358 - Poisoning, Symptoms and Treatment ... 359 > Posological Table . . . . . . . . . . 372 - Boiling Points of liquids, U.S.P. and B.P. 373 3 Melting Points of Officinal Substances .. 374 % 3 || Specific Gravity of Liquids, &c., B.P. . . 375 : 7. / Specific Gravity of Liquids, &c., U.S. P. 377 É g Thermometers, Comparison of.. ... 379 3 * | Comparison of Barometers (see Weights and à Measures). Solubility of Medicinal Substances . . . . .383 - Analysis:– § Testing for Official Substances, Animal Secre- E- tions, Calculi, Urine, &c. Alkaloids. Table 3 of Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396 : Volumetric Test Solutions of B.P., Behaviour : with Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 C Alkaloids, Properties and Reactions . . . . 448 Atomic Weights of Elements, B.P., U.S.P., F. W. Clarke . . . . . . . . . . 459 £ . . Weights and Measures:– ź Official in B.P. and U.S.P., Avoirdupois 461 -: pon an s Apotheca, ies', Metric systems . . . . . . 461 E- ºn Conversion of Avoirdupois, Apothecaries', E -º and Metric Systems. See also Posological c = Tab 464 : 2. adle - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - º Conversion of Percentage into cwts., lbs., &c. 500 : Comparison ºf Quantities per Pint, &c. .. 505 Comparison of Burometers . . . . . . . . 509 Useful Recipes.. 512 ; i PHARMACISTS' P0(KET-B00K, NOTES ON MATERIA MEDICA, B.P., OFFICIAL ORGANIC SUBSTANCEs of INDEFINITE COMPOSITION. gr. = grain; G. = gramme. THE following notes have reference principally to the British and American Pharmacopoeias, and are merely a series of short and necessarily imperfect remarks on the various medicinal substances. Such information as it is hoped will be of interest to the student is in the first place given; the Botanical or Zoological Source of the drug, the Geo- ſº and Commercial Source, the Active Principles, the ose in grains and grammes when indicated in the Pharma- copoeia, and also brief information with regard to the Toxic and Physiological Properties and the Therapeutical Action of the substance. The symbol + indicates that the drug or chemical substance is official in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States; F. and G. convey similar information with regard to the French Codex and the German Pharmacopoeia. These references must not, however, be interpreted too strictly, especially in connection with the G.P. and the Codex; because an oil, for example, may be official in the B.P. and U.S.P., and the leaves from which the oil is made may be specified in the Continental Pharmacopoeias; or again, there may be some minor difference in the nature of a salt (as basic or normal in the several cases. The sign : indicates a difference o this or some other nature. The arrangement is alphabetical, because of the ease thus afforded to reference. Students acquiring systematic infor- mation upon materia medica would probably in most in- stances prefer to use the notes arranged according to the Natural botanical system (pp. 247–284). 5. B 2 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. ACACIAE GUMMI (* G. F.). — Gum arabic. (Leguminosae, sub-or. Mimoseae.) Exudn. from Acacia Senegal and other sp. Imp. from Egypt, Cordofan, Arabia, India, the Cape. Impur, bark, starch, gum senegal, gums contg. bassorin, dextrin. Consists essentially of arabin jº the Ca,Mg,F, salts of arabic acid (C.H.O., H2O); contains about 13% water, 4% ash. Gum arabic is the generic name, gum acac, the name of best samples used in med. Most kinds L. rotat., Gedda gum D. rot. Austrl. gum often inact. Soln. pps. with basic lead acet., Am. ox., HgCl2, FeCls, &c. Prevents formn, of numerous precips., e.g. alkaloids with phospho-molybdate, &c. Best kinds free from sugar by Fehling test. Arabin is pp.d. by FeCls from soln. in weak spir. Forms mucic acid (Kiliani) on oxid, with HNOa. Demulcent, emollient. Dose, ad lib. Sp. gr. 1:31 to 1 * 52 at 15'59 C. ACONITI FOLIA ET RADIX (* F. G. 1)- Monkshood (Tubera only G.P.). (Ranuncu, laceae, s, or. Helleboreae.) Leaves with flower- ing tops, and roots of Aconitum Napellus, grown in Britain, root from Germany. Impur. roots of other species. Act. princip. aconitine, napelline. Poison. Root has been mis- taken for horse-radish. Produces local anaes- thesia. ADEPS PRAEPARATUS (* F. G.). – Lard. (Mammalia, Pachyderm.) Leaf fat of Sus scrofa. Imp. NaCl, starch, flour, alum, lime 8 PHARMACISTS' pocket-Book. water, other fats. Melts 37: 8°C. Consists of palmitin, stearin, olein. As a vehicle in oint- ments, &c. ALOES (* F. G. ") (Liliaceae), var. BARBA- DENsis, from Aloe vulgaris, var. SoCoTRINA, from A. Perryi and prob, other spec. Barb. from W. Indies, Soc from Bombay, Zanzibar. Aloes contains varieties of Aloin (25%), resinoid mat., gum, album., vol. oil. Dose, 2 to 6 gr., 15 to 4 G. Stomachic, and purg. in larger doses. AMMONIACUM (* F. G.). (Umbelliferae.) Exud. from Dorema Ammoniacum; Persia and - the Punjaub. Imp. sand, ammon. fruit, &c. Contains gum, resin, vol. oil, &c. Dose, 10 to 20 gr., 6 to 1 '3 G. sp. gr. 1: 207 at 15:5°C. Therap, eff. sim. to Asafoet, used in chron. pulm. aff, AMYGDALA AMARA (* F. G.). —Bitter Al- monds. (Rosaceae, s. or, Amygdaleae.) Ripe seeds of Prunus Amygdalus (var. Amara), from Syria to Afghanistan. Contns, fix. oil, emulsin, sugar, gum, amygdalin. Emulsin and amyg- dalin in pres. of aq. produce HCy, vol. oil, glucose, formic acid. Therap, resemb, HCy. AM. DULCIS (*.G.), Sweet Almd., Jordan Almd., from Prunus Amyg. var. dulcis. From Malaga. No HCy formed on contact with water. AMYLUM (* F. G.).-Starch. (Graminaceae.) From grain of Triticum sativum (wheat), Zea B 2 - 4. PHARMAcists' Pocket-Book. Mays (maize), Oryza sativa (rice). Emoll. and demul. enema, as a vehicle in enemas, as antidote for iodine. ANETHE FRUCTUS (F.). — Dill seeds. (Ord. Umbel.) Dried frt. of Peucedanum graveo- lens. Brit., Europe. Prop. due to vol. oil. Aromatic stimulant, carminative and condi- mentary; given to child. to prevent griping. ANISI FRUCTUS (* F. G.). -Aniseed. (Ord. lumbel.) Dried frt. of Pimpinella anisum. Russia, Malta, S. of Spain, Germany. Prop. due to vol. oil (3-4%). Arom, stimulant; re- lieves colic and flatulence. ANISI STELLATI FRUCTUS (F.). —Star Anise. (Magnoliaceae.) Dried frt. of Illi- cium anisatum (I. verum). China, Japan. Used for prep. of vol. oil of anise. ANTHEMIDIS FLORES (* F.).-Chamomile. (Compositae.) Dried sing, and doub. capitula of Anthemis nobilis. Cult. in Britain. Subst. Feverfew and Matricaria chamomilla. Cont. vol. oil (2.75%), resin, vol. acid, bitter extract, &c. Aromatic and bitter tonic. ARMORACIAE RADIX (F.).-Horse Radish. (Cruciferae.) Root of Cochlearia armoracia. Cult. in Britain. Vol. oil is formed by the action of myrosin on myronates, both contained in root. Vesic. emetic, stimul., diuret., diaphor.; promotes digestion. Aconite root has been mistaken for this with fatal result. 5 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-Book. ARNICAE RHIZOMA (F.). (Compos.) Dried rhiz. of Arnica Montana; mount. parts of mid. and S. Europe, N. Asia and Amer. Subst. Avens or Herb Bennet (Geum urbanum). Con- tains armicin, resin, vol. oil, &c. Stimulant, used ext, for bruises (utility doubtful). - ASAFCETIDA (* F. G.). (Umbel.) Exud. from root of Ferula narthex, F, scorodosma, &c. Russia, Afghan., Punjaub. Imp. sand, gypsum, flour, &c. Cont. gum, resin, vol. oil. Dose, 5 to 20 gr., 3 to 1.3 G. Antispasmodic; used in hysteria, vascular irrit., inflam. of stomach, hooping cough, flat., colic, &c. AURANTII CORTEX (* F. G.).-Bitter Orange. (Aurantiaceae.) Dried outer rind of Citrus vulgaris. Spain, S. Europe, Azores. Cont. vol. oil and bitter princip. Stomachic, tonic, flavouring. A. FRUCTUS (F. G.). Ripe fruit of same spec. (G.P. unripe). BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM (* F. G.).-Bal- sam of Peru. (Leguminosae.) Semi-liquid balsam exuded from the trunk of Myroxylon, Pereirae after bark has been beaten, scorched, and removed. Loc. Salvador, Guatemala, Sonsonate (not Peru). Imp. castor oil, balsam copaib. Cont, cinnamein, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, resin. Dose, 10 to 15 ml, 6 to 1-0 c.C. Sol. in chlorfm., R.Sp. Stimulant, slightly tonic, expectorant, detergent. In- ternally in chronic affect. of mucous mem- brane; externally to ulcers and sores. 6 - PHARMACists' Pocket-book. / BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM (*F.).-Bals, of Tolu. (Legum.) Yellow-red to red-brown balsam exud. from trunk of Myroxylon toluifera after incising bark. Loc. New Granada, Cartha- gena. Imp. resin? Cont, cinnamein, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, resin. Dose, 10 to 20 gr., 6 to 1 '3 G. Action and use similar to Bals. Peru. BELAE FRUCTUS.—Bengal Quince. (Au- rantiaceae.) Dried half-ripe frt. of Ægle Marmelos. Loc. Malabar, Coromandel. Subst. rind of mangosteen frt. (Garcinia Mango- stana). Does not contain tannin (Fluck and Hanb.). Astlingent, used in dysentery, &c. BELLADONNAE FOLIA ET RADIX (* F.G.). —Deadly Nightshade. (Atropaceae.) Leaves with branches and dried root of Atropa Bella- donna, wild or cult. in Brit. Adult. leaves of Solanum nigrum, S. dulcamara. Contains atropine (act, prin.) as bimalate. Poison. It diminishes sensibil. and irritat. ; causes dilat. of pupil, numbness, giddiness; dryness of mouth, throat, diffic. of deglutition, nausea; injection of conjunctiva, protrusion of eye, syncope; delirium, aphonia; according to dose. Used to allay pain and irritab. in neuralgia, &c.; topically as an antispasmodic in strictures, obstructions; to dilate the pupil. Rec. men- tioned as vermif. BENZOINUM (* F. G.).-Gum-benzoin. (Sty- raceae.) A balsamic resin exudg. from incis. in bark of Styrax benzoin and other sp. of S. 7 PHARMACISTS' POCKET. BOOK. Loc. Siam, Sumatra, India, Penang. Cont. benzoic acid and two (cr. three) resins. Effects as balsams, used in chronic pulm. aflect. BUCHU FOLIA (* F.). (Rutaceae.) Dried leaves of Barosma betulina, B. crenulata, B. serratifolia. Loc. Cape of G. Hope. Cont, a vol. oil, barosmin (dios.), resin, &c. Aromatic stimulant and tonic, diuretic, diaphor. Used specif. in treatg. urino-genital organs. CAFFEINA (* F. G.).-Caffeine, Guaranime, Theine. An alkaloid from leaves of Camellia thea (Camelliaceae), or dried seeds of Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae), also Guarana, Paullinia sorbilis (Sapindaceae). See Index, “Alkaloids.” Dose, 1 to 5 gr, '06 to 30 G. Uses: as diuret, ; for headache. CALUMBAE RADIX (* F. G.). (Menisper- maceae.) Trans, slices of root of Jateurhiza calumba. Loc. coast of E. Africa from Ibo to Zambesi. Subst. Coscinium fenestratum, Bryonia dioica, Frasera Walteri (Amer, calumba). Cont, calumbin, berberine, starch, &c., no tannin. Dose, 5 to 20 gr., 3 to 1.5 G. Stomachic and tonic : , used to allay vomiting, in later stages of diarrhoea and dysentery. CAMBOGIA (* F. G !). — Gamboge. (Gutti- ferae.) A gum-resin from Garcinia Hanburii. Loc. Siam. Imp. starch or flour. Cont. gum and resin. Dose, 1 to 4 gr., '06 to 2.5 G. Poisonous in large doses; used as a drastic and counter-irritant purg., as an anthelmintic and hydragogue. 8 PHARMACists' pocker-book. CAMPHORA (*.G.Y. – Laurel Camphor. (Lau- raceae.) Co. His O. A stearoptene from wood of Cinnamomum Camphora, pur. by sublima- tion. Loc. China, Japan, also Formosa, Batavia. Adult. artif camphor. Sol. in alcohol, ether, chlorfm., milk, oils; nearly insol. in water. Melts 142.2°C., boils 204' 59 C. Dose, 1 to 10 gr., '06 to '66 G. Uses: as an exhilarant in ner- vous and hypochondriac cases, as a vascular excitant, as an anaphrodisiac, antispasm., &c., locally as an excitant. Poison. in large doses; has proved fatal to adults. CANELLAE CORTEX (F.).-Canella or Wild Cinnamon, White Cinnamon. (Canellaceae.) The bark of Canella alba deprived of its corky layer and dried. Loc. W. I. Isls., S. Amer. Adult. “Winter's Bark” from Drimys Winteri. BaN2O, and FeSO, cause no pp. in its infusion, except when Winter's bk. is present. Cont. vol. oils, resin, starch, bitter principle, mannite, &c. Dose, 10 to 30 gr., 7 to 2 G. Properties, aromatic (oil and resin), tonic (bitter prin.). CANNABIS INDICA (* F. G.). -Indian Hemp. (Cannabinaceae.) The dried flowering or fruiting tops of (fem. plt.) Cannabis sativa, not freed from resin. Loc. India. Cont. cannabin (resind, act. prin.), gum, extractive, a little vol. oil. Employed in med. for its hypnotic, ano- dyne, and antispasm. properties. CANTHARIS (* F. G.).-Spanish Fly. (Ord. Coleoptera.) The beetle, Cantharis vesi- 9 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. catoria, dried. Loc. Hungary, also Russia, Sicily, but not Spain now. Adult. powd. euphorbium. Cont. cantharidin, vol. oil, fat. Cantharidin, Clo H12O, has the properties of a stearoptene; it is a vesicating agent, sol. in acetic ether, chlorofm., oils, &c. Melts and vol. 200° C., vol. slowly at low temp. Properties, vesicating, irritates the urinary and genital organs. CAPSICI FRUCTUS (* F. G.).-Guinea or Pod Pepper, Chillies, Cayenne Tepper. (C. annuum G. P. and F. Cod.). (Solanaceae.) Dried fruit of Capsicum fastigiatum. Loc. Zanzibar. Act. prin. capsaicin, C.H.I.O. (Thresh), cryst., melts 59° C., crys, on cooling, vol. 115° C. (240° F.), sp. gr. 1060. With H2SO, and heatg. red to purple black; sol. in ether, amyl alcoh., acetic ether, benzene. Dose, 1/2 to 1 gr., '03 to 07 G. in pills. Used as a condi- ment, and in med, as a local stim. to mouth, throat, and stomach. CARDAMOMI SEM.INA (* F. G.). — Carda- moms. (Zingiberaceae.) Dried ripe seeds of Malabar cardamom, Elettaria Cardamomum. Loc. Malabar coast. Best stored in pericarp till used; pericarp 26 to 40% (G. M. Jones). Cont. vol. oil of Card., which turns yellow on keep. and detonates with iod. Used for flavg. and for agreeable and aromatic effects. CARUI FRUCTUS (* F. G.).-Caraway Seeds. (Umbel.) Dried fruit of Carum Carui. Loc. Britain, Germany. Cont. vol. oil of Car., 5%. Aromatic stimulant; condiment, flavg. 10 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. CARYOPHYLLUM (* F. G.).- Clores. (Myr- taceae.) Dried flower-bud of Eugenia cary- ophyllata. Loc. Moluccas, Sumatra. Cont. yol, oil (18%), a tannin, resin, &c., Tinct. of iron renders inf. blue. Dose of oil of clove, 2 to 5 ml. Stomach. and carm., princip. use flavg. CASCARILLAF CORTEX (* F. G.). (Euphor- biaceae.) Dried bark of Croton Eluteria. Loc. Bahamas. Subst. Copalchi bark, Quin- quina nova, &c. Cont, bitter, crys., non-nitrog. subst., cascarillin resembling salicin, vol. oil, resin. Dose, 10 to 25 gr., 6 to 1.6 G. Aromatic stimulant and tonic, and to check excessive secret. of mucus. CASSIAE PULPA (* F.). (Legumin.) Pulp of pods of Cassia fistula. Loc. W. Indies, India, N. Africa. Cont, sugar, gum, a tannin, a bitter prin. cassiin (Caventou). Purgative, but prod. nausea and griping. Given with other remed. in febrile and inflam. affect. Dose, 30 to 120 gr., 2 to 8 G. CATECHU (* G.).-Pale Catechu, Gambir. (Rubiaceae). An extract of leaves and young shoots of Uncaria Gambir. Loc. Singapore. Adult. starch. Occurs in cubes, averaging 10–12 G. (G. M. J.). Cont. catechu-tannic acid, also catechin (greyish green with ferric salts). Dose, 10 to 30 gr., 7 to 2 G. Pro- duces local and remote effects of astringents generally. Used in affect. of voice and throat; as a stomachic in dyspeptic compl.; as an alvine astringent. 11 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-Book. CERA FLAVA and C. ALBA (* F. G.).- Yellow and White Beeswax. (Hymenop- tera.) The unbleached and bleached wax of the hive bee, Apis mellifica. Practically the wax of various species of bee. Loc. general. Adult. water, mineral matters, starch, flour, resins, fats, paraffin, ozokerite, vegetable waxes. Cont. cerolein (abt. 4 or 5%), cerotic acid or cerin (not a const. constit.), myricin or myricyl palmitate which fuses 64°C., and is the chief part of the constit. insol. in alcoh. Cera flava melts 64°C., Cera alba 69° C. The bleaching is directed in B. P. to be effected by exposure to air and light, but nitric acid is sometimes employed. S. G. 959 to '970. Used extern. as a mild sheathing or protective agent, in oint- ments, &c. CEREVISIAE FERMENTUM. – Beer Yeast. (Fungi.) The ferment used in brewing beer, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Loc, Britain. Dose, 1/2 to 1 oz., 14 to 28 G. Therap. mild laxative, tonic and antiseptic; used extern. in yeast poultice. CETACEUM (* F. G.).-Spermaceti. (Ceta- ceae.) Nearly pure cetin, from the oil in the head cavities of the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus. Loc. Pacific and China seas. Adult. tallow, stearic and palmitic acids, wax. Fuses 45° to 49° C. Density ‘943. Sol. in hot alcoh., ether, fix. oils. Use: prep. of oint- ments. Cetin is usually stated to be cetyl pal- mitate, but is probably rather more complex in nature. 12 PHARMACISTS' pocket-Book. CETRARIA (* F. G.).-Iceland Moss. (Liche- nes.) The entire lichen Cetraria islandica. Loc. N. Europe. Contains lichen-starch and inulin, cetraric acid, gum, uncryst. sugar, ex- tractive. It is a nutritious and easily digested aliment, mildly tonic. CHIRATA (*).-Chiretta. (Gentianaceae.) The dried plant, Ophelia Chirata, collect. when frt. begins to form. Loc. N. India. Properties resembl. gentian, bitter, stomachic, feebly laxative. CHRYSAROBINUM (*.G.). – Goa Powder. (Leguminosae.) Concretionary matter yielded by Andira araroba. Loc. India. Cont. chryso- phan, and its oxid. prod. chrysophanic acid; resinous and gummy matters, glucoside, &c. Dissol. in H2SO, to form org. to org.-red sol., in KHO sol. to form fluorescent sol. of same colours, l assing to carmine on oxidation by exposure. Used in treatment of skin disease, e.g. ringworm, in the form of ointment. CIMICIFUGAE RHIZOMA (*).-Actaea Root. (Ranunculaceae). Dried rhizome and root- lets of Cimicifuga racemosa. Loc. N. America, Siberia. Contains a vol. oil and resinous matters; its infusion blackens with persalts of iron. Used as a remedy for rheumatism, lum- bago, chorea, by Amer. practit. CINCHONAE CORTEX and C. R.UBRAE CORT. (* F. G.). (Cinchonaceae.) For the products of the Cinchonae, vide page 448. 13 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-BOOK. CINNAMOMI CORTEX (* F. G.). — Ceylon Cinnamon Bark. (Lauraceae.) Dried inn. bark of shoots from truncated stocks of Cinna- momum zeylanicum. Loc. Ceylon. Adult. in- ferior kinds, cassia bark (Chinese C.). Cont. vol. oil (ab. 17%), tannic acid, cinnamic acid, &c., no starch. Prop. a stomachic stimul., nerv. and vascul, stim, astringent: used to check griping, in flatul. and spasm. affect. of digest. org., in uterine complt., &c. COCA (*! F.). (Erythroxylaceae.) The dried leaves of Erythroxylon Coca. Loc. Peru, Bolivia. Leaves often spoilt. Cont. cocaine, and hygrine. Dose, 1/2 to 32, 2 to 8 G. Coca when chewed removes and prevents fatigue, symptoms of hunger and thirst are suspended, appet. not impaired; applied locally its prep. produce local anaesthesia. COCCUS (* F.). — Cochineal. (Hemiptera.) Dried (below 65° C.) fem. insect, Coccus cacti. Loc. Mexico, Teneriffe, Canary I. Cont, fatty matter and carminic acid. Used as colourg. agent. Carmine is basic Al salt of carminic acid. COLCHICI CORMUS and C. SEMINA (*! F. G. :). — Meadow Saffron. (Melanthaceae.) Fresh corm of Colchicum autumnale gathered end of June or begin. of July, seeds at end of July. Act. prin. an alkaloid colchicine (q.v.), as gallate. Poisonous; in med. doses it pro- motes the action of secret, org., espec. intest. mucous membs. Used in gout, rheumatism, dropsy. 14 PHARMACists' pocket-book. COLOCYNTHIDIS PULPA (* F. G.). -Bitter Apple, Bitter Cucumber. (Cucurbitaceae.) Dried decorticated fruit, freed from seed, of Citrullus Colocynthis. The peeled (official) variety comes from sandy places in Smyrna, Cyprus, Constantinople, Alexandretta, Italy, France, and Spain. Another (unofficial) variety comes from Mogador. Contains colocynthin, a glucoside, which in boiling with acids forms a sugar and colocynthein a resinous mass. Dose, 2 to 8 gr., 13 to 5 G. Prop. Poison. In med. doses purgative, with specific action on the secreting and exhaling vessels of the intestines. Used in habitual constip., in alvine obstruct., as a counter-irrit. in brain disease, &c. CONII FOLIA (F. G.).-Spotted Hemlock. (Umbel., s, or. Campylospermeae.) Fresh leaves and young branches of Conium macu- latum; gathered when fruit begins to form. C. FRUCTUS (*). Fruit of same; gathered when fully developed, but green, and carefully dried. Loc. Britain. Cont. vol. oil (odour of mice), also conine, and methyl-conine. Dose of leaves, 2 to 8 gr., 13 to 5 G. Prop. Poison. Used as a resolvent and alterative in enlarg, and indurs. of absorb. and secret. glands, and of viscera; scrofula, chron, skin diseases, ulcers. COPAIBA (* F. G.).-Capivi. (Leguminosae, s. or. Caesalpinieae.) Oleo-resin from interior of trunk of Copaifera Langsdorffii. Loc. chiefly Brazil, but also Guiana, West Indies, Para, 15 PHARMACISTS' PockeT-Book. Maranhao. Adult. turps, fixed oils; many sub- stitutions met with. Cont, a vol. hydrocarbon oil, about 33%, and two resins, one yellow and brit., the other brown and soft, the latter much less sol. in alcoh. than former. Sp. gr. •940–1993. Cont. neither benzoic nor cinna- mic acid, is therefore not a balsam ; some war. fluoresc. Dose, 3 1/2 to 31, 1:5 to 3.5 c.C. Stimul. to the secreting org., espec. mucous and urinogen. Used in gonorrh., &c. CORIANDRI FRUCTUS (* F. G.). (Umbel.) Dried ripe fruit of Coriandrum sativum. Loc. Britain, espec. Essex. Cont. vol. oil. Prop. arom. and stimul. Used as adjuvant or cor- rective. Dose, 10 to 40 gr., 7 to 2-7 G. CROCUS (* F. G.).-Saffron, Hay Saffron. (Iri. daceae.) Dried stigm. and part of style of Crocus sativus. Loc. Britain, Spain, France, Italy. Adult. water, oil, safflower, other plants dyed, &c. Cont. safranin (saffron yellow, about 65%), vol. oil (7%), wax, album, and gum. matter; about 6% ash. Used as colour. and flav. ingredient. About 60,000 flowers yield 1 lb. saffron. CUBEBA (* F. G.).--Tailed Pepper. (Pipe- raceae.) Dried unripe fruit of Piper Cubeba. Loc. Java. Cont. vol. oil 10% (hydrocarb.), resin, cubebin. Dose, 30 to 120 gr., 2 to 8 G. Prop. stim. to digest organs, spec. useful in urino-genit. dis. Used in treat. of gonorrh. CUSPARIAE CORTEX (F.).-Angustura Bark. (Rutaceae.) Dried bark of Galipea Cusparia. 16 PHARMACists' PockFT-Book. Loc. trop S. Amer. Subst, has been mixed with nux wom. bark. Cont, vol. oil, resins. bitter princ. (cusparin). Prop. arom. and stim. (vol. oil and resin), tonic (bitter prin.). CUSSO (*! F. G.). — Kousso, Kusso, Kosso. (Rosaceae, s. or. Roseae.) Dried panicles of Hagenia abyssinica. Loc. Abyssinia. Cont. vol. oil, bitter acrid resin, two var. tannin (about 25%), koussin (kosin) crys, bitt, prin. Cai Has Olo, wh: yields isobutyric acid. (See Filix, p. 18.) Dose, 1/4 to 1/2 oz., 7 to 14 G. Prop. vermicide, as anthelmintic. Action due to koussin, not merely mechanical. DIGITALIS FOLIA (* F. G.). — Forglove. (Scrophulariaceae.) Leaves of Digitalis purpurea; gathered in second year's growth, during flowering, and dried. Loc. Britain. Adult. leaves of Inula Conyza (Ploughman's Spikenard), Symphytum officinale (Comfrey), Verbascum Thapsus (Gt. Mullein), &c. Conts. digitalin, digitalein, digitonin, digitin (gluco- sides); also digitoxin. Leaves lose 84 to 86% in drying. Dose of leaves, 1/2 to 1} gr., '03 to 1 G. Used as tonic to heart, to promote action of absorbents (dropsy), as a diuretic, as a specific over cereb. spin. syst. ECBALLII FRUCTUS (*! F.).-Squirting Cu- cumber. (Cucurbitaceae). Fruit, very nearly ripe, of Ecballium Elaterium. If quite ripe, act, prin, lost by discharge of seed. Loc. Britain, Malta. The juice deposits a sediment, ELATERIUM, (about 3 oz. from 40 lb, fruit, 17 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. 6. gr. from 40 fruits), containing 20 to 30% ELATERIN, the acting principle, which is a neutral cryst. substance, nearly insol. in water and ether, sol. in alcoh., of bitter taste. Adult. of Elaterium, chalk. The act. prin. is found only in juice surrounding seeds, yield uncertain. Dose of Elaterium, 1/16 to 1/2 gr., '004 to 032 G. Prop. and use: drastic purg., hydra- gogue, used for dropsy. ELEMI (F.)-Manila Elemi. (Amyridaceae.) Concrete resin. exud., probably from Canarium commune. Loc. Manila (Mexico, Moluccas). Factitious smpls, are made of yellow resin, turps, and oil of spike. Cont, dextro-rot. vol. oil (C.H.).; resin 60%, amyrin (C.H.).H.0, a neutral subst. also dextro-rot., insol. in cold alcoh., sol. in hot; bryoidin (C.Hs),3H2O, neut, subst. Sol. in alcoh.; elemic acid (C, Hs), O, with laevo-rot. action in alcoh, soln. Used exter- nally as ointment to stimulate indolent ulcers and promote discharge from sores, &c. ERGOTA (* F. G.).--Spurred Rye. (Fungi— Claviceps; Graminaceae—Secale). The scle- rotium of Claviceps purpurea, produced be- tween the pales and replacing the grains of rye, Secale cereale. Loc. Europe, America. Conts, ergotinic and sphacelonic acids and an alkald. cornutine (Kobert.). Dose, 20 to 30 gr., 1:3 to 2 G. Used to cause contrac- tion of uterus, and to check haemorrhage. FARINA TRITICI. – Wheat flour. (Gra- minaceae.) The grain of Triticum sativum c 18 PHARMACists' Pocket-book. ground and sifted. Loc. general temp. region. Adult. alum, plaster of Paris, earthy carb., &c. Cont. starch ab. 75%, albuminoids, fat, cellu- lose, lignose, mineral matter. FEL BOVINUM PURIFICATUM (*)-Or- gall. (Ruminantia.) Purified gall of Bos Taurus. Loc. Britain. Bile is of the nature of soap; it contains the Na or K salts of tauro- cholic acid (contg. S), and glycocholic (no S) acid, with cholesterin, fats, salts of fatty acids, chloride, phosphate of Na, Mg, Ca, &c., colour- ing matters. Ox bile conts. chiefly glycoch. acid : human bile chiefly tauroch, ac. Ash (ox bile) 12% abt. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 3 to ‘7 G. Slightly laxative, and useful where secret. of bile is deficient. FICUS (* F.).-Fig. (Moraceae.) Dried fruit of Ficus Carica. Loc. Turkey (Smyrna). Cont. glucose 70%. Emollient, demulcent, laxative. FILIX MAS (*! F. G.).-Male Fern. (Filices, s. or. Polypodiaceae.) Rhizome with persist. bases of petioles of Aspidium Filix-mas; col- lected in late autumn, divested of scales, roots, &c., dried. Loc. Britain. Cont, fatty oil 6%, vol. oil, filicic acid, gum, albumen, mucus, starc 10%. tannic acids 11%. gum, sugar, &c. Filicic acid ylds, butyric acid, koussin ylds. iso-b. acid. Fluck. and Hamb. Dose, 50 to 100 gr., 3 to 7 G. Anthelmintic, properties due to oil. FOENICULI FRUCTUS (*.G.).-Fennel. (Um- bel.) Dried fruit of Foeniculum capillaceum (cult.). (F. dulce, F. Cod.) Loc. Malta. Subst. 19 PHARMACISTS' P0CKET-Book. fruit of wild fennel, which is smaller. Act. prin. vol. oil. Arom, stimul, carminative. The powder drives away fleas. GALBANUM (* F. G.). (Umbel.) A gum resin from Ferula galbaniflua, F. rubricaulis, &c. Loc. India and Levant. Cont, resin 66%, gum 27% (arab, and bass.), vol. oil 3% (levo. gyre), &c. The resin is said to prod, a blue oil at 248° F., 172: 8°C. No alliac. odour. Anti- spasmodic, stim. expectnt. ; often given with asafoet., which it resembles in prop. Used in mucous catarrh, amenorrh.. chron, rheum. Ex- term. in indolent swellings. GALLA (* F. G.).-Galls, Nut-galls, Oak-apples, Dead Sea Apples. (Cupuliferae—Quercus); Ord. Hymenoptera, Tribe Cynipidae, Cynips.) Excrescences on Quercus lusitanica caused by punct, and egg deposits of Cynips gallae tincto- riae. Loc. Smyrna, Aleppo, Bombay. Cont. tannin, 25–60%, gallic acid, mucilage, lignin, salts, &c. Used as astringents in alvine and other haemorrh., chronic muc. discharge; topical astring. GELSEMIUM (*).-Yellow Jasmine, Wild Jessa- mine, Woodbine, Carolina Jessamine; not a true Jessamine. (Apocynaceae.) Dried rhiz. of Gelsemium nitidum. Loc. U. States. Cont. resin, starch, gallic acid, fix. oil; a white crys. almost tasteless, feeb. acid subst, partial. vol., spar. sol. in cold, sol. in hot aq., insol. in alcoh., sol. in ether-alcoh. This subst. ident. with or closely resemb. aesculin; soln. fluoresc. yell, - C 2 20 PHARMACists' PoCKET-Book. by trans., blue by reflect. light. Also a poison. alkd. gelsemine, sol. in water, ether, alcoh., chlorf., pp.d. by tannin, AuCls, PtCl4, phospho-molyb. acid. Gelsemine neutrs. acids, and is poisonous; dilat, the pupil. Dose, 5 to 30 gr., 3 to 2 G. Prop. febrifug., used in fits, tetanus, fevers aris. from malaria, dysmenorrh., after-pains, spas, strict. of urethra, hyster., spas, croup, chiefly in neuralgia, rheu- matism. In large doses has proved fatal. GENTIANAE RADIX (* F. G.). – Gentian. (Gentianaceae.) Dried rt. of Gentiana lutea. Loc. Cent. and S. Europe. Adult, other spec. of gentian. Cont. gentisic acid, pale yell. cryst., forms salts, sol. in alcoh., spar. Sol. in aq., gentiano-tannic acid (gentianin), pectin, sugar, &c. Prop. simple bitter tonic, sometimes narcotic. Used in dyspep., &c. GLYCYRRHIZAE RADIX (* F. G.).-Liquorice Root. (Leguminosae, s. or. Papil.) Root and subterr. stem of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Loc. Britain. Cont, resinous oil, gum, glycyrrhizin a glucoside forming glycyrretin and glucose with dil. acids. Used as flavg. agent. GOSSYPIUM (* F.)—Cotton Wool. (Malva- ceae.) Hairs of seed of Gossypium barbadense and other spec. freed from fat, &c. Loc. U. States, India, Egypt, &c. Cont. nearly pure cellulose, less than 1% ash. Uses: mechanical and for prep. of pyroxylin. GRANATI RADICIS CORTEX (* F. G.).- Pomegranate. (Myrtaceae.) Dried root bark - 21 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. of Punica granatum. Native of Syria, N. India. Obtained fr. S. Europe. Subst. box-tree bark, no tannin, barberry bark, yell, very bitt. Cont. tannin 20%, gallic acid, resin, mannite, and two actv. alkalds., pelletierine and isopelletierine, two other inactv. alkalds. Astringent. Uses: anthelmintic. GUAIACUM LIGNUM (* F. G.).-Lignum Vitae. (Zygophyllaceae.) Heart-wood of Guaiacum officinale, or G. sanctum. Loc. Jamaica, Cuba, S. Domingo. The most import. constituent is GUAIACI RESINA, obtained from the stem by incision or nat. exud. Oxid. agents colour wood and solutions green or blue. Cross fibre of wood characteristic. Wood contains abt. 3% resin. Acrid prin. abounds most in alburnum; resin in heart-wood. Guaiacum resin conts. two resins, guaiacic acid, extractive, &c. Dose, (resin) 10 to 30 gr., 7 to 2 G. Prop. (resin) acrid stimul., alterative. Used in chron. rheumat. and skin diseas., obstruct. and painf. menstr., tonsillitis. GUTTA PERCHA (* G. F.). (Sapotaceae.) Concrete juice of Dichopsis gutta, and other spec. of same ord. Loc. Ceylon. Plastic above 49° C.; insol. in aq., alcoh., alk. solns., dil. acids; almost entir. sol. in CHCls, sol. in oil turp., CS2, benzene. Uses: mechanical. HAEMATOXYLI LIGNUM (* F.).-Logwood. (Leguminosae, s. or. Papilionaceae.) Heart- wood of Haematoxylon campechianum. Loc. Campeachy, Honduras, Jamaica. S. G. 1:057. 22 PHARMACIsrs' Pocket-Book. Cont. vol. oil, resin, tannic acid. Also haematoxylin (haematin) (Cha Hi, Os), red, prism. crys., subst., of bitter, acrid, astring. taste; turned yell. or red by acids, purp. or violet by alkali; pp.d. by alum, tin, lead, &c. Mild astringent; used in leucorrh., infant, diarrh., to prevent sweating, in diabetes. - HEMIDESMI RADIX. (Asclepiadaceae.) Dried rt. of Hemidesmus indicus. Loc. India, Ceylon. Act. prin. hemidesmin is a stearopteme (Christison). Used in India as substitute for sarsaparilla; used principally for flavorg. HIRUDO (F. G.).-Leech. (Hirudimea.) Two varieties: (1) Sanguisuga medicinalis, the true, brown, or speckled, English leech. Nat. of Europe generally; (2) S. officinalis, the green leech, from Barbary, Spain, France, Germany, Hungary. Less employed in Britain than S. med. Descr. (both kinds); body soft, smooth, 2 in long, taper. to each end, plano-conv., wrinkled transvers., back olive-grin., with six rusty red longit, stripes. Belly of (1) green- yell. spotted with black, of (2) olive-green not speckled. Oniscus aquaticus, a small aquat. crustacean, destroys young leeches. Putrefac- tion of water in which they are kept prevented by introducing fragments of iron. A leech draws on an average 51}, about 54 being maximum. Salt causes them to fall off. HORDEUM DECORTICATUM (! F.).-Pearl Barley. (Graminaceae.) Dried seeds of Hordeum distichon, decorticated, Loc, Britain. 23 PHARMACISTS' PockBT-Book. Cont. starch 68%; albuminoids 12%; fatty matter 2%; dextrin, sugar, salts, 2-3%. Malt is . barley in which about 40% of starch has been turned into dextrin and glucose by germina- tion; germin, stopped by heating to 100°F., 37.7°C. (pale malt), 180° F., 82.2°C. (amber), 260°F., 126.7°C. (brown). Uses: extract of malt, as a vehicle for cod-liver oil; decoct. as demul. and vehicle for other medicines. HYOSCYAMI FOLIA (* F. G.). — Henbane. (Solanaceae, s. or. Atropeas.) Fresh leaves, flowers, and branches; also dried leav. of Hyo- scyamus niger. Loc. Britain. Annual henbane leaves should be without stalk : dried leaves hairy (dist, from Stramonium), toothd. in margin (dist. from Belladonna). Contains pois. alka- loid q. v., hyoscyamine, as malate (syn. duboi- sine, daturine). The alkaloid is isomer, with atropine, and is destroyed by aq. caust. alk, but not by carb, or bicarb. Dil. pupil. Plant yields very pois. oil on dist, as from other Solaneae and foxglove. Prop. anodyne, sedative, narcotic, soporific, used in lieu of opium, in neuralgia, rheumat, gout, periostit., milk ab- scess, affect. of urino-genit., scirrhus, cancer. IPECACUANHA (* F. G.). (Rubiaceae.) Brazilian or Lisbon ipecac. Drd, root of Cephaëlis Ipecacuanha. Loc. Rio Janeiro, Bahia, Pernambuco, &c. Adult, woody ipec. (Ionidium ipec.), Amer. ipec. (Gillenia stipu- lacea), wild ipec, or ipec, spurge (Euphorbia ipec.), striated ipec, (Psychotria emetica), white or undulated ipec. (Richardsonia scabra). Cont. 24 ph ARMACists' pocket-Book. an alkaloid (q.v.) emetime, vol. and fix, oil, wax, starch 42%, lignin, &c. (Pelletier), also ipecacu- anhic or cephaëlic acid (Willich). Dose, expect. 1/2 to 2 gr., '03 to 12 G.; emetic, 15 to 30 gr., 1 to 2 G. Bark (most active) 80% wood 20%. Therap. ; irrit. nauseant, emetic, expector., diaphor., sedat. Emetime ºr gr. causes vomiting, 2 gr. fatal to dog. Used in lientery, dysentery, croup, asthma, whooping cough, bronch. hemorrh., as an emetic, &c. JABORANDI (* F. G.). (Rutaceae.) Dried leaflets of Pilocarpus pennatifolius. Loc. Pernambuco. Cont. an alkaloid q.v. which is the active prin. Dose, 5 to 60 gr., 3 to 4 G. Uses and effects: as a sialagogue, and sudorific. JALAPA (* F. G.).-Jalap. (Convolvulaceae.) Vera Cruz jalap. Dried tubercules of Ipomoea purga. Loc. Vera Cruz. Adult. Tampico jal. (Ipomoea simulans); male or stalkd, jal., woody jal., Orizaba root (Ipomoea orizabensis). Cºntents, resin 10% of which not more than tº sol. in ether; jalapin Cai Hao'Ois, a glucºsić insol. in ether; yielding jalapinol and glucose with dil. acids; starch, gummy extractive, sugar, &c. The active principle is JALAPA: RESINA. Adult. Resins of other spec. disting. by solubility. Dose (of Jalap), 10 to 30 gr., 7 to 2 G.; (of the resin) 2 to 5 gr., 13 to 32 G. Prop. and uses: actively purgative, unsuitable in inflam. conditions of alim. canal. KAMALA (*.G.).-Wurrus, Wars. (Fuphor- biaceae.) Glands and hairs from fruits of 25 PHARMACISTs' POCKET-Book. Mallotus philippinensis. Loc. India. A red- brown mobile powder, ignites at a flame with flash, sol. in alkal. to deep red liquid. Cont. resinous colorg. substs., gum, cellulose, wax, albuminds, ash less than 4%. According to Anderson, confirmed by Groves, contains rottlerine, a yellow (? impure) crys. body, easily modif by expos. to air, probably physiol. inactive. Dose, 30 gr. to 1/4 oz., 2 to 7 G. Uses: vermifuge. KINO (*F.).--East Indian Kino. (Legumi- nosae.) Juice from incis. in bark of Ptero- carpus Marsupium, inspiss, without artif. heat. Loc. Burmah, Malabar, Bombay (best). Other commercial kinos are, pulas kino, butea gum, Bengal kino, or dhak-tree gum, from Butea frondosa; African kino from Pterocarpus erinaceus; Botany Bay kino from Eucalyptus resinifera; Jamaica kino or sea-side grape from Coccoloba uvifera. Adult. of kino, extract Rhatany. Cont, a variety of tannin and extractive 75%, no gallic acid, red gum, pyro- catechin. Dose, 10 to 30 gr., 7 to 2 G. Prop. and uses: astringent. KRAMERIAE RADIX (* F. G.). — (Radix Rhatanhiae G.P.) Peruvian and Savanilla. (Krameriaceae.) Dried root of Krameria triandra (Peru), and K. Ixina (Sav.). Loc. South America. Cont. Ratanhic tannic acid, col. matter, Ratanhin (neutr. subst.). Prop. and uses: astringent and tonic. Bark more active than wood. 26 PHARMACISTs' Pocket-Book. LAC.–Milk of Cow, Bos Taurus. Wide Foods. LACTUCA (* F. G. :) — Wild or strong-scented Lettuce. (Compositae, s. or. Liguliflorae.) Flowrg. herb of Lactuca virosa. Leaves of I. vir. prickly on heel, dist, from L. sativ. Loc. Britain. Dried juice, or Lactucarium, contains vol. oil, yell. red tasteless resin, green, yell. acrid resins, sugars, gum, albumen, concrete oil or wax, oxalates and other salts, and a neutr. act. prin. lactucin (acic, crys.). Watery soln. very bitter, neutr., not pp.d. by any reagent. Prop. and uses: anodyne, hypnotic, anti- spasmodic ; uncertain in action, and only used in certain cases in lieu of opium. LARICIS CORTEX. —Larch Bark. (Coni- ferae.) Dried bark of Pinus Larix, collect, in spring, deprived of its outer rough portion. Loc. Europe. P. Larix yields Venice turpen- time and manna de Briançon. Tree is becoming extinct in Britain owing to disease. The larch cont. larixinic acid Clo HoOs (Stenhouse), which sublim. at 93° C., mºlts at 153°C., and dissol. in water, alcohol, and (spar.), in ether. Aq. soln. is ppd. by lime, lead or silver salts, and rend. purple-red by ferric salts. Prop. astringent, checks perspiration, stimulant and diuretic. Rarely used. LAUROCERASI FOLIA (F.).--Cherry-laurel. (Rosaceae, s, or, Amygdaleae.) Fresh leaves of Prunus Laurocerasus. Loc. Britain. Yields with water HCy and vol. oil (benzoyl hydride C.H.,0). P. Laur. should be disting from 27 PHARMACists' PoCKET-Book. Cerasus lusitanica (Portugal laurel) which has leaves evergreen, oblong acumin., entire, with- out glands. Leaves of P. Laur. may be mixed with Laurus nobilis (sweet bay) which are used to pack solazzi juice. Prop. and uses: cherry- ºvate (contg. 1% HCy), sedative, &c., as y. LIMONIS CORTEX (* F. G.).-Lemon Peel. (Aurantiaceae.) Fresh outer rind of Citrus Limonum. Loc. Spain, Portugal, Italy, Azores. Cont. bitter prin., vol. oil of lemons, gallic acid, &c. Prop. and uses as a flavg. agent. LIMONIS SUCCUS (*). — Lemon Juice. Freshly expressed juice of Citrus Limonum. Loc. wide L. cortex. Adult. artificial lemon juice made from tartaric, sulphuric, an other acids. Cont. citric acid, with smaller quantities of malic, formic, acetic, and other org. acids. Should contain 36 to 46 gr. of citric acid per fl 3, 82 to 105 G. per litre. Best indicator on titration, phenol phthalein. Uses: as flavg. agent, antiscorbutic, refrigerant, antiperiodic, as antidote to alkalies, in rheumatism. LINI SEM.INA (* F. G.).-Linseed. (Lina- ceae). The dried ripe seeds of Linum usita- tissimum. L. FARINA, the ground seeds of same. Loc. Russia, India, &c. Adult. from 12 to 20 other seeds, as flax dodder, wild rape, wild mustard, &c. Prop. and uses: emollient and demulcent, employed as infusion to allay irrita- tion. 29 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Lentiscus. Loc. Scio, where trees yielding mastich are male only. Mastich conts. 90 °/o of mastichic acid, Cao Ha2O, (a resin) sol. in alcoh., and masticin (8 resin) insol. in alcoh. or KHO ; also a trace of vol. oil. Mastich is sol. in warm acetone, 4 pt., with dextro-rot. polrztn. ; sol. in ether, oil of cloves, 5 pts. ; nearly insol. in glac. acetic ac., benzol. Used in dentistry and in stopping bleeding from leech bites, also in coating pills. Supposed to have stim. actn. on bronch. muc. memb. MATICAE FOLIA (* ! F.). — Piperaceae. Dried leaves of Piper angustifolium. Loc. Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, New Granada, Venezuela. Quito matico is Euphorbium glutinosum (Com- positae). Subst, some other spec. of Piper. Cont. artanthic acid (crys.), tannin, resin, vol. oil, 2.7 °/2, &c. Princip. use mechancl. to arrest bleeding from small wounds; rarely used intern. for vesic. catarrh, gonorrh., &c. MEL (* F.).--Honey. Wide Foods. MEZEREI CORTEX (* F.).-(Thymelaceae.) Dried bark of Daphne Mezereum or D. Laure- ola. Loc. Europe, Italy, to Arctic, and eastwd. to Siberia (D. Mez.), D. Laur. is evergreen. Cont. act. prin. a resind. subst. in inner bark, daphnin Cls HigO2 + 2 Aq. Used extern. as irritant, internally as diuret. and alterative. MICA PANIS.—Wide Foods. MORI SUCCUS (F.).-Mulberry juice. (Mo- raceae.) From ripe fruit of Morus nigra. 28 PHARMACists' pockFT-Book. LOBELIA (* F. G.).-Indian Tobacco. (Lobe- liaceae.) Dried flowg. herb of Lobelia inflata. Loc. N. America. Cont, a vol. alkaloid (q.v.), lobeline, the act. prin. which exists as salt of lobelic acid. Prop. and uses: narcotic, acrid, antispasm., expectorant in small doses, emetic in larger; in poisonous doses, like tobacco. The seeds in cases of poisoning are easily distg. from all other seeds by cross ridges and furrows like basket-work. LUPULUS (* F. G. :)-Hop. (Cannabina- ceae.) Dried strobiles of Humulus Lupulus. Loc. England. Cont. vol. oil (trace), bitter prin. (lupulite), tannin, gum, fat, some free acid, salts. LUPULIN is the glandular powder at the base of each bract; it contains vol. oil; lupu- lite, a neutr. bitter prin. ; resin, malates, vale- rianic acid 1%, &c. Bangener states that the bitter principle is a cryst. acid insol. in water, but forming bitter sol. of oxidn. prodcts. Prop. and uses: tonic, stomachic, soporific. MANNA (* F. G.). (Oleaceae.) A saccharine exud. from trans. incis. in stem of Fraxinus Ornus (flowerg. or round-leaved ash). Loc. France, Sicily, S. Europe. Impur, artificial mannas, consisting of glucose, sucrose, &c. Cont, mannite C, H, O, 60 to 80% common sugar, extractive matter, abt. 10% moisture, resin, &c. Dose, 60 gr. to 1 oz., 4 to 28 G. Therap. mildly laxative. MASTICHE (* F.).-Mastich, Mastic. (Ana- cardiaceae.) Resinous exudn. from Pistacia 30 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. Loc. Asia Minor, Armenia, south Caucasian regions to Persia, Italy. Dark purple liq. of 1:06 sp. gr. contg. acid supposed to be malic, glucose, colouring matter, &c.: uses: flavouring and colouring. MOSCHUS (* F. G.).-Musk. (Ruminantia.) The inspissated and dried secretn. from the preputial follicles of Moschus moschiferus (the musk animal). Loc. Cent. Asia. Cont. an odorifrs, subst., fats, resins, salts. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 G. Prop. and uses. Anti- spasm. and stimult., with powerfl. stim. actn. on resp. centres. Given in hysteria, collapse, asthenic pneumonia, bronchitis, gangrene of lungs, fever, &c. MYRISTICA (* F. G.).-Nutmeg. (Myristi- caceae.) Dried seed of Myristica fragrams, divested of arillus or shell (mace). (M. mo- schata, F. Cod.) Loc. Malayan Archipelago. Cont, fixed oil (oil of mace so-called), vol. oil, 3 to 8%; the latter, oil of nutmeg, is dextro- rot. to pol, light. Aromatic, stimulant, and carminative; prin. used as a spice. MYRRHA (* F. G.).-(Amyridaceae or Bur- seraceae.) Gum-resins. exudn. from Balsamo- dendron Myrrha. Loc. Arabia Felix, and Abyssinia. Cont.: gum, 50 to 60%, sol. in aq. and partly comp. of arabin; a resinous matter (myrrhic acid), 27 %, sol. in alcoh., chlorfm., part in alkalies, CS, vol. oil, to 4% of sp. gr, '988 at 13°C., dextro-rotat. distilling from 31 PHARMACISTS' PockFT-Book. 266° C. to 290° C. Used as an astringent mouth-wash or gargle; intern. as expectorant in bronchitis, in leucorrh., amenorrh., bron- chorrhoea. NECTANDRAE CORTEX. — Bebeeru or Bibiru Bark. (Lauraceae.) Dried bark of Nec- tandra Rodiaei (the greenheart). Loc. British Guiana. Cont, an alkald., beberine or bebi- rine, prob, ident. with buxine and pelosine. Used as tonic and antiperiodic, similar to quinine but less powerful, and seldom used. NUX VOMICA (* F. G.).-(Loganiaceae.) Seeds of Strychnos Nux-vomica. Loc, India, Burmah, Cochin China, N. Australia. Cont. two alkalds, strychnine and brucine, vide p. 454. For prop. and uses see Strychnine, p. 98; action of brucine similar. OLEUM CAJUPUTI (volatile) (* F. G.).- (Myrtaceae.) The vol. oil distill. from leaves of Melaleuca minor (M. Cajaputi, U.S.P.), M. Leucadendron (G. P. and F. Cod.). Loc. Ind. Archipelago and Malay Peninsula, N. Aus- tralia. Cont. hydrate of cajuputene (Cajuputol Clo Hig,H2O); also of iso- and paracajuputene, Dose, 1 to 4 m, '06 to 24 c.C. Stimul. and antispasmdc.; used extern. in skin. dis., internally in neuralgia, hysteria, chron. rheu- matism, &c. Useful applictm. to decayed teeth. OLEUM CROTONIS (* F. G.) (fixed) (Ol. Tiglii U.S.P.) (Euphorbiaceae.) Fix. oil 32 PHARMACists' Pocket-book. expressed from seeds of Croton Tiglium. Loc. the East. Comp. complex and not well made out. Dose, 173 to 1 m, '02 to '96 c.C. Used extern. as an irritant, intern. it is a violent purgatv. and anthelmintic. OLEUM EUCALYPTI (* F.) (volatile)—(Myr- taceae.) The vol. oil distilled from fresh leaves of Eucalyptus Globulus, E. amygdalina, and other spec. of E. Loc. Australia. It con- sists principally of eucalyptol, CroLI150. Dose, 1 to 4 m, '06 to 24 c.C. A powerful antiseptic, especially when old and oxidized. It is used extern. as a wash for cavities, &c., as inhalation in phthisis, bronchitis, ozaena, &c.; as hypo- derm, injection in pygemia. Useful in septi- Caernia. OLEUM JUNIPERI (* F. G.) (volatile)— (Coniferae.) The oil distill. from full-grown unripe fruit of Juniperus communis. Loc. S. Europe, &c. It cont. a mixture of levogyre oils Ciołł is and polymers of Clo His Dose, 1 to 4 m, '06 to 24 c.C. Used as a local stimulant, and diuretic. It is contained in hollands. OLEUM LAWANDULAE (* F. G.) (volatile)— (Labiatae.) The oil distill. in Britain from flwrs. of Lavandula vera. Loc. S. Europe. It is a mixture of oxygenated oils and stearoptene. Dose, 1 to 4 m, '06 to 24 c.C. Stimulant and carminative; used also as perfume. In- ferior oil is distilled from the whole plant. 33 PHARMACists' pockFT-Book. Oil of spike (“foreign oil”) is distill. from L. spica. OLEUM MENTHAE PIPERITAE (volatile)— (£abiatae.) The oil distill. in Britain from fresh flowering peppermint, Mentha piperita. Loc. Europe, &c. The oil from Eastern mints deposits menthol on cooling. Dose, 1 to 4 mi, '06 to 24 c.C. Carminatv. and stimul. ; used to relieve flatulence and colic, and lessen griping; also to prevent mosquito bites. OLEUM MENTHAE VIRIDIS (* F.) (volatile). —(Labiatae.) The oil distill, in Britain from fresh flowering spear-mint (common garden- mint), Mentha viridis. It cont. a hydrocarbon almost identical with oil of turpentine (Clo Hig), and an oxidised oil isomeric with carvol Clo H.O. (Gladstone). Dose 1 to 4 in, '06 to '24 c.C. Carminatv. and stimult. and used as oil of peppermint. OLEUM MORRHUAE(*F.G.) (fixed).-(Pisces, Teleostead.) Fix. oil expressed from fresh livers of the cod, Gadus Morrhua B. P. (or other species. F., G., U.S.P.). Cont. olein, palmitin, stearin, traces of iodides, and a substance probably allied to biliary acids. Used as a nutritive and easily assimilated fatty food. GLEUM OLIVAE (* F. G.) (fixed).--(Oleaceae.) Fix. oil expressed from ripe fruit of Olea Europaea. Loc. S. Europe. Olein chiefly; also palmitin, &c.). Used principally in plasters, soaps, &c. I). 34 PHARMACists' pocket-book. OLEUM PINISYLVESTRIS (volatile).-(Coniº ferae.) The vol. oil distill. from fresh leaves of Pinus sylvestris. Loc. N. Europe. Its action resembles that of oil of turpentine. OLEUM RICINI (* F. G.) (fixed)—Castor-oil. (Euphorbiaceae.) Fix. oil expressed from seeds of Ricinus communis. Calcutta. Cont. several fatty acid glycerides, including that of ricinoleic acid, peculiar to it. Dose, 1 to 8 fl. 3, 3-5 to 28 c.C. Non-irritant purgative. OLEUM ROSMARINI (* F. G.) (volatile).- (Labiatae.) A vol. oil distill. from flowering tops of Rosmarinus officinalis. Loc. S. Europe, &c. Cont, a hydrocarbon CiołIts, and oxygent d. oils, Ciołłą,0; Cºhl,0. Dose, 1 to 4 m. *06 to 24 c.C. Stimul. and carminatv.; used as other carminatv. oils, and useful in hysteria. OLEUM RUTAE (* F.) (volatile).-Oil of Rue. (Rutaceae.) A vol. oil distill. from fresh herb of Ruta graveolens. Europe. Consists of methyl-nonyl-ketone CHs. CO. C., Hia. Dose, 1 to 4m, '06 to 25 c.C. Rubefacient, stimul., antispasmd., emmenogog., carminatv. Used in amenorrhoea, hysteria, convulsions, flatulence. OLEUM SANTALI (* F.) (volatile).-(Santa- laceae.) A vol. oil distill. from wood of San- talum album. E. Indies. Cons, of Cish.0 and C.H.O. Dose, 10 to 30 ml, 6 to 1:8 c.C. Action and uses similar to copaiba. OLEUMTEREBINTHINAE (* F. G.) (volatile). –Turps, Oil of Turpentine. (Coniferae.) A vol. oil distill, from turpentine. Dose, 10 m *35 PHARMACists' Pocket-book. to 4 fl. 5, 6 to 14-2 c.C. It consists of various terpenes (C, Hia). Extern. as rubefac. and counter-irritant in rheumat., chron. bronchit., pleurisy, peritonitis; as inhalation in phthisis; intern. in haemorrhage and ulceratn. of intestn., other haemorrhages, &c. As a vermifuge for tapeworms. OLEUM THEOBROMATIS (* F. G.) (fixed).- Cocoa Butter. A concrete oil expressed from seeds of Theobroma Cacao, Sterculiaceae. Cent. America (N. and S.). Consists of stearin and olein. Used as base for suppositories and as an application to skin. OLEUM.–For properties of the various Olea and those not inserted here, vide p. 193. OPIUM (* F. G.).-(Papaveraceae.) In- spissated juice of unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum (poppy), grown in Asia Minor, and containing about 10:0% morphine. Cont. mor- phine, codeine, thebaine, and abt. 14 other alkalds. (see p. 452); also mecomic acid, and mecomin and meconiasin, neut. substances. Of the alkalds., morphine and oxidimorphine have a narcotic effect, while in papaverine, codeine, marcotine, and thebaine, the tetanic effect is more pronounced. For prop. and uses see Morphina (notes on Mat. Med. Inorg.). Opium is given to lessen pain; as an anodyne; to lessen irritation of organs. It is applied in the form of ointment, suppositories, or hypodrime. injectn. to relieve pain, given intern to allay irritbity of stomach, also in diarrh., dysentery, In 2 36 PHARMACists' pocket. Book. peritonitis, cholera, &c. In catarrh.. conditus. of respir, tract, phthisis, cardiac dyspnoea, dia- betes, haemorrhg., neuralgia, sciatica, cancer, dysmenorrh., pleurisy, pneumonia, cystitis, &c., &c. In fevers, mania, chorea, melancholia, malarial poisoning, &c. - Should be very cau- tiously given to children. OVIALBUMEN ET. O. VITELLUS (* F. D.— (Gallinae.) White and yolk of egg of the domestic fowl, Gallus Bankiva (var. domes- ticus). The white of egg consists of water 82 to 88 %, albumen 12 % ash : 6 %; yolk contains water 50%, vitellin 60 %, fat 30 %, cholesterin 4% salts of lime, &c. Prop. and uses: albumen forms insol. compds, with some poisons, as Cu, Hg, &c.; hence given as anti- dote, followed by emetic. As diet by mouth or rectum. PAPAVERIS CAPSULAE (G.)-Poppy Heads. (Papaveraceae.) Nearly ripe dried capsules of Papaver somniferum, grown in Britain, They contain a small amount of morphine, more when unripe, mecomic acid, and traces of papaverine, papaverosine, &c.; seeds do not contain these, but much oil of poppy seed. Prop. and uses somewhat similar to opium, q.v., but less certain in action; given as opiate to children, and extern, as fomentn. to allay pain. PAREIRAE RADIX (* F. G.).-Pareira Brava. (Menispermaceae.) Dried root of Chondo- dendron tomentosum. Loc. Brazil. Stem and roots, of Cissampelos Pareira, of common false 37 PHARMACISTS' PoCKET-BOOK. Pareira brava from a spec. of Menisperm, of Abuta rufescens (white Par, br.), of yellow Par, br. from Guiana, have all been sold for Pareira brava. Cont, an alkald., buxine (pelo- sine), identical with beberine. Chiefly employd. as stimul. to muc. memb, of genito-urinal tract; it is also used as a bitter tonic. PEPSIN (* F. G.).-(Ruminantia, &c.) A prepn. of muc. membr. of pig, sheep, or calf. The stomach is cleansed, and the inner surface scraped with a blunt knife, and the scrapings dried below 120° F. (49° C.). Pepsin is the proteolytic ferment of the stomach; it renders proteids soluble. Besides pepsin, the lining membr. of the stom. contains a ferment which curdles milk. PHYSOSTIGMATIS SEMEN (* F.).-Calabar Bean. (Leguminosae.) Dried seeds of Physostigma venenosum. Loc. Western Africa. Beans kidney-shaped, and cont. two alkalds., physostigmine and calabarine. Dose, 1 (to 3) gr., '05 G.; gradually increased. Calabar bean paral, the spinal cord, post. columns first, and the medulla; the brain is irrita, but not paral. It stim. involunt. musclr. fibre, thus causing contractn. of pupil, intraocular tension, and spasm of accommodation in eye, increased contractl, power of heart, increased peristalsis, expulsn. of urine. It stim. secretn. of saliva, sweat, tears, and mucus. Death occurs from paral. of respirm. Antidote emetic and cautious use of atropine. Used in diseases of eye (glau- coma, staphyloma, &c.), tetanus, poisng, from 38 PHARMAcists' Pocket-BOOK. strychnine, paralysis of insane, mania, para- plegia, locomotor ataxia, constipation from atony of intestl. walls, in bronchitis, catarrh, dyspnoea, due to weakness of muscles. Calabarine causes convulsns. similar to those of strychnine. Physostigmina (G.), syn. Eserine, (Physostig- minum Salicylicum G.P.), Cls H2, NaO., the alkald. obtained from Calabar bean, causes con- tractn. of pupil, and is used for Lamellae Physo- stig. l’IMENTA (*). — Pimento, Allspice. (Myr- taceae.) Dried full-grown unripe fruit of Pimenta officinalis. Loc. W. Indies. Cont. tannin, starch, and vol. oil very like oil of cloves, &c. Uses same as cloves. PIPER NIGRUM (* F.).-Black Pepper. (Pi- peraceae.) Dried unripe fruit of Piper nigrum. Loc. E. Indies. Cont, resin, vol. oil, and piperine (Piperina of U.S.P.), which has feeble alkald. power, and which treatd. with HNOs and then KHO, forms piperic acid and a vol. liq. colorlss. alkald., piperidine. Dose, 1 to 10 gr., '06 to 65 G. Used as stomachic, as substit. for cubebs in gonorrh., as stimul. to muc. memb, in haemorrhds.; as a condiment. PIX BURGUNDICA (* F.). — (Coniferae.) Yell. brown, hard, brittle, resinous exudn. from Pinus Picea (melted and strained). Loc. Switzerland. Compos. an amorph. resin, and oil of turp. with isomeric oils. It has a pecu- liar fragrant odour, and dissolv. readily in glac. acet, acid, acetone, absol. alcoh, spirit of 75 %. 39 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-B00K. Used as stimul. (emplast.) in chron. rheumat. and bronchitis. Frequently adulterated or fic- titious. PIX LIQUIDA (* F. G.).-Wood Tar. (Coni- ferae.) Tar obtained by destructv. distilln. of wood of Pinus sylvestris and other pines. The aq. layer (pyroligneous acid) above the tar cont. methyl alcohol (CH,0), acetone (C3H2O), &c. The tar itself cont. toluene (C.Hs), xylene (CsIH10), pyrocatechin (CºH (HO)2), &c. Thick viscid brown-black tar, spar. sol. in water (pyrocatechin), sol. in alcoh., fixed and vol. oils, alkaln. Solns. Dose, 20 ml to 3i, 1 to 3-5 c.C. Stimul. to muc. memb, and skin, and used in chron. scaly skin diseases. Given as tar-water, 1–43; as vapour in plathisis and chron. bronchitis. PODOPHYLLI RHIZOMA (* F.)-(Ranun- culaceae.) Dried rhiz. and rootlets of Podo- phyllum peltatum. Loc. U. States. Cont. berberine, an alkald. with little action, and :— PODOPHYLLI RESINA (G.), (podophyllin,) a resinous substance consistg. of a fatty and a resins, acid. Dose (of podophyllin) 1/8 to 1/2 gr., '008 to 0.3 G. Drastic purgatv, and hepat, stimult., and used in biliousness (dark stools), congestn. of liver, &c. Handled incau- tiously may cause conjunctivitis. PRUNUM (*F.).-(Amygdalaceae.) The dried drupe of Prunus domestica. Import. from S. France. Cont. malic acid, albumd. and sacchrd. matters. Laxative, often given with senna. Aſ) ph AirAſ Acists' pocket-Book. PTEROCARPI LIGNUM (* F.).-Red Sandal (Sanders) Wood. Santalum Rubrum U.S.P.) (Leguminosae.) Heart-wood of Pterocarpus santalinus. Loc. Ceylon. Contns. resinous ruby-red colorg. matter (santalin). Used to colour Tinct. Lavand. Co. PYRETHRI RADHX (* F.).-Pellitory. (Com- positae.) Dried root of Anacyclus Pyre- thrum. Loc. The Levant. Compostn not fully investigated; cont. a resin, vol. oil, sugar, gum, tannic acid, &c. Sialog. ; used in tooth- ache, headache, relaxed throat, aphonia and paral. of tongue and throat. Intern. in globus hystericus. QUASSIAE LIGNUM (*! F. G.). (Simaru- baceae.) Wood of Pieraena excelsa. Loc. Jamaica. Cont, a neutrl, bitter juice, quassiin, a yellow resin, no tannin. It is a pure bitter stomachic tonic. QUERCUS CORTEX (*! F. G.).-Oak Bark. (Cupuliferae.) Dried bark of small branches and younger stems of Quercus Robur. Loc. Britain. Cont. Querci-tannic acid, quercin, &c. Chiefly used as a local astringent in throat diseases, and as an injection in gonorrh.. and leucorrhoea. U.S.P. has Q. alba; similar com- position. RESINA (*! F. G.).-Colophony, Rosin. (Co- niferae.) The residue left after distilling the oil of turps. from the crude oleo-resin of var. spec. of Pinus. Loc. Finland, Russia, P. sil- vestiis; Austria, Corsica, P. Laricio; France, 41 PHARMACISTS' pock ET-BOOK. P. maritima; N. America, P. australis, P. Taeda. Colophony softens at 80°C., and melts at 100° C. (212° F.) into a clear liquid. Sp. gr. 1' 17, sol. in alcoh., 8 pts., and acetone, benzole, &c. It is mostly abietic anhydride, Cº. He,0,. Used extern. as stimul. ointment or plaster. RHAMNI FRANGULAE CORTEX (* G.).- Frangula Bark, Buckthorn. (Rhamnaceae.) Dried bark of Rhamnus Frangula, from young trunk and modrt. sized branches, kept at least a year before use. Loc. Britain, Europe. Cont. frangulin, a cathartic substance. Pur- gative, poison. when fresh. RHAMNI PURSHIANT CORTEX. — Sacred Bark, Cascara Sagrada. (Rhamnaceae.) Dried bark of Rhamnus Purshianus. Loc. N. America. Purg. principle undetermined. Used as a purgative. The F. Cod. contains Rhamnus catharticus, which has purgtv. properties. RHEI RADIX (* F. G.).-Rhubarb. (Poly- gonaceae.) Root of Rheum palmatum, Rheum officinale, and other spec. Loc. China and Thibet. Cont, as chief constit. chrysophanic acid (yell. crys.), chrysophane (glucsq.), pha- oretin, and other resins, matters, rheo-tannic acid, &c. Dose, 5 to 20 gr., 32 to 1.3 G. Tonic and astringent in sm. doses, purg. in larger; useful to remove irritating matter from intestines. RHOEADOS PETALA (F.) – Red Poppy. (Papaveraceae.) Fresh petals of Papavre 42 ph ARMACISTS' PoCKET-BOOK, Rhoeas. Loc. Britain. Cont, a red colrg. matter, rheadine (non-toxic), &c. No opium alkalds. Used for colouring only. ROSAE CANIN.E FRUCTUS (F)— Hips. (Rosaceae.) The ripe fruit of Rosa canina and other allied species found in Britain. Contains crys, sugar, gum, citric and malic acids free or in combination. Uses: for the prep. of the confection of roses. ROSAE CENTIFOLIAE PETALA (* F. G.).- Cabbage Rose Petals. (Rosaceae.) Fresh petals of Rosa centifolia. Cult. in Britain. Cont. sugar, fat, acids, red colrg. matter, traces of gallo-tannic acid and vol. oil. Much used as a vehicle, sometimes given internally. ROSAE GALLICAE PETALA (* F.).-Red Rose Petals. (Rosaceae.) The fresh and dried petals of Rosa gallica collected before expanding. Loc. Britain. Comp.similar to Rosa centifolia, Used (confection) as pill basis and as linctus, the acid infusion as a slightly astringent gargle, SABADILLA (F.).-Cevadilla. (Liliaceae.) Dried ripe seeds (pericarp removed) of Schoeno- caulon officinale. Loc. Mexico. Cont. three alkalds, veratrime, the act. prin., with cevadine and cevadilline in sm. quantities. (Wright & Luff.) Used in prep. of veratrine. SABINAE CACUMINA (* F. G.).-Savin Tops. (Coniferae.) Fresh and dried tops of Juni- perus Sabina. Cult. in Britain. Act. prin. is vol. oil of savin, which contains an oil having the 43 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. formula Cho HigO and B.P. 160°C., and a greater portion boiling abv. 200° C., but no terpene (Tilden). Savin tops cont. traces of tannic matter. The oil is used extern. as an irritant to keep open issues or blisters. Savin has been used (irregularly) to procure abortion (Poison), and as an emnenagogue for non-pregnant patients. Dose of oil, I to 4 ml, '06 to 24 c.C. SAMBUCI FLORES (* F. G.).-Elder Flowers. (Caprifoliaceae.) The fresh flowers of Sam- bucus nigra. Loc. Britain. S. canadensis (Sambucus of U.S.P.) is extremely similar, but rather more fragrant. Cont, small quant, of butter-like vol. oil, lighter than water. Uses: (Aqua) as a vehicle. SANTONICA (*.G.).-Levant Wormseed. (Flores Cinae of G.P.) (Compositae.) Dried unex- panded flower-heads of Artemisia maritima, var. Stechmanniana. Cont, santonin, abt. 2 %, also vol. oil (C, H,0), abt. 1 to 2%, and fatty acids, angelic acid, &c. Santonin is used as a vermicide for round worms. SARSAE RADIX (*! F.G.).-Radir Sarsaparilla, G.P. (Smilaceae.) Dried root of Smilax officinalis (S. medica, F. Cod.), Loc. Cent. America (formerly obtained via Jamaica). Act. prin. is a crys, substance, parallin or smilacin, converted into parigenin and sugar by dil. mineral acids. Sarsaparilla is believed by some to be a valuable alterative tonic, and diuretic, and has been used in syphilis, gout, and chron. rheumat., scrofula, skin diseases, &c. Others consider it almost inactive. 44 PHARMACISTs' pockFT-BOOK. SASSAFRAS RADIX (* F. G.).-(Lauraceae.) Dried root of Sassafras officinale, Nees. Loc. Canada, U. States. U.S.P., root bark is used. Act. prin. (root and root bark), a vol. oil wh. contains safrol Cho H10O2, and safrene Clo Hig. The bark cont. a little tannic acid and a red color. matter, probably derived from it. Sassafras destroys infusoria; it is used in rheumatism and syphilis. It is a stimulant diaphonetic. SCAMMONIAE RADIX (F. G.).-(Convolvu- laceae.) The dried root of Convolvulus Scam- monia. Loc. Syria, Asia Minor, Greece. The root treated with R. S. V. yields ScAMMoRIAE RESINA, which consists of a resin, and is com- pletely sol. in ether. Dose of resin, 3 to 8 gr., '2 to 5 G. Scammony resin is a drastic purgatv., and is used as a derivative in dropsy and cerebral affections. It increases secretn. of intestns., and bile is essential to its action. SCAMMONIUM (*) is a gum resin exuding from incisions in the root. The resin of scammony in alcoh. Soln. imparts no blue tint to a slice of raw potato (guiacum resin does). SC1LLA (* F. G.).-Squill. (Liliaceae ) The bulb of Urginea Scilla, scaled, sliced, and dried. Loc. Mediterranean coasts. Cont. scillipicrin sol. in aq., scillitoxin (act, prin.) Sol. in sprt., scillin sol. in boilg. ether (Merck). It is used as an adjunct to digitalis, which it resembles in action; also as a diuretic and expectorant, the expectoration being profuse, but difficult to expel. 45 PHARMAcists' pockeT-Book. SCOPARII CACUMINA (*). — Broom Tops (Leguminosae.) The fresh and dried tops of Cytisus scoparius from indigns, plants. Cont. scoparin, a neutr. substance, and a vol. alkaloid sparteine, resembling coniine in action. Given as diuretic in chron, kidney disease and in cardiac dropsy. SENEGA RADIX (* F.G.).-(Polygalaceae.) The dried root of Polygala Senega. Loc. N America. Cont. senegin or polygalic acid, pro- bably identical with saponin. Used as a stimul. expectorant, diaphoretic and diuretic in pneu- monia, asthma, and rheumatism; in amenor- rhoea, aortic disease, &c. SENNA. ALEXANDRINA ET. S. INDICA (* F. G.).-(Leguminosae.) S. Alex. the leaflets of Cassia acutifolia, S. Ind. the leaflets of Cassia angustifolia (C. elongata). Act, prin. cathartic acid (glucoside). It acts as a purgatv., increasing both peristalsis and secretion. SERPENTARIA RHIZOMA (* F.).-Virginia Snakeroot. (Aristolochiaceae.) The dried rhiz. and rootlets of Aristolochia Serpentaria or of A. reticulata. Loc. South. U. States. Cont. vol. oil, resin, tannin, sugar. Stimul. tonic, with diaphor. and diruretc. properties; used in nerv. depression, atonic dyspep., chron. rheumat., &c. SEVUM PRAEPARATUM (* F. G.).--Prepared Suet (Sebum G.P.). (Ruminantia.) The internal fat of Ovis Aries (sheep) purfd. by 46 PHARMAcists' Pocket-Book. melting and straining. It consists chiefly of stearin, and is used in making plasters and ointments. SINAPIS.–Mustard. (Cruciferae.) The mixed seeds of black and white mustard powdered and mixed. Prop. and uses: externally as a counter-irritant (poultice) in myalgia, lumbago, headache; apoplexy, congestion of brain, opium poisoning (to back of neck); catarrh, bronchitis, catarrhl. pneumonia, congestn. of lungs, phthisis (to chest). Internally as a condiment, and as an emetic (one tablespfl. in hot aq.). SINAPIS ALBAE SEM.INA (* F.). – White Mustard. The dried ripe seeds of Brassica alba, from plants cult. in Britain. Cont, fixed oil, myrosin, sinalbin, &c.; no starch. Sinalbin under the influence of myrosin, which acts as a ferment (enzyme), in contact with aq. splits up into sulphocyanate of acrinyl, sulphate of sina- pine (alklū.), and sugar. SINAPIS NIGRAE SEM.INA (* F. G.)—Black Mustard. The dried ripe seeds of Brassica nigra, from plants cult. in Britain. Cont, fixed oil, myrosin, sinigrin, &c.; no starch. Sinigrin with myrosin and aq. forms isosulphocyanate of allyl (vol. oil of mustard), bisulphate of potass. and sugar (dextro-glucose). STAPHISAGRIA SEMINA (* F.).-Stavesacre. The dried ripe seeds of Delphinium Staphi- sagria. Loc. Italy, Greece, Asia Minor. Cont. several alkalds., delphinine, staphisagrine, del- plinoidine and delphisine; fixd. fat, &c. 47 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Delphinine much resembles aconitine in its action. Chiefly used as ointment to destroy pediculi of man, cattle, &c. STRAMONII SEM.INA (* F. G.).-Thorn Apple. (Atropaceae.) The dried ripe seeds of Da- tura Stramonium. Loc. widely distributed in Europe, Asia, America. The active principle is daturine, an alkald. (vide p. 456), isomeric with atropine; it is combined in the seeds with malic acid; fix. oil is also present to the extent of abt. 25%. Chiefly used as an antispasmodic in asthma, either smoked in cigarettes or as inhaltn. of the fumes of the ignited powder. STYRAX PRAEPARATUS (* F. G.).--Storaz (Styrax Liquidus G.P.). (Hamamelideae, Balsamifluae.) A balsam prepd. from inner bark of Liquidambar orientalis. Loc. Asia Minor. Cont, styrol, cinnamic acid, styracin, resin, &c. It is similar in action and uses to balsam of Peru. It is a semi-transprint, brownish yellow semi-fluid, fragrant and aromatic; it is purifd. by soln. in sprt., filtratn., and evaprtn. SUMBUL RADIX (*)-(Umbell., Ortho- spermae.) Dried transvers, sectns. of root of Ferula Sumbul. Imported from Russia and India. Cont, a resin sol. in ether, and a little vol. oil. Chiefly used in hysteria and other nervous diseases of females. TABACI FOLIA (* F. G.).--Tobacco. (Atro- paceae.) The dried leaves of Nicotiana Tabacum (Virginia tobacco). Loc. America. 48 PHARMA ists' pocket-Book. Tobacco contns. a vol. liq. alkd, nicotine (vide p. 457) as malate, nicotianin or tobacco camphor, resin, gum, &c. Tobacco stimul, and then paral. mot. nerv. of invol. muscles and secretng. nerv. of glands, producing paleness, cold sweats, feeble circultn., ſainting. It stimul. then paral. spinal cord, first stimul. the roots of vagus and its ends in the heart and then paral. the latter, causing high pulse rate. It causes increased peristalsis. It is used as enema in intussus- ception, but only rarely on account of its uncertain and poisonous action. In tobacco- smoking the effects are due principally to pyridine and collidine, the former is more powerful and preponderates in pipe-smoking, the latter in cigar-smoking, where the access of air is greater. Smoking in excess is injurious, causing throat irritation, furred tongue, dys- pepsia, and a peculiar rhythm and palpitation of heart, sudden faintness, impaired vision; in moderation is sialagog. Snuff is used as errhine. TAMARINDUS (* F. G.).-(Leguminosae). Preservd. pulp of fruit of Tamarindus indica, cont. citric, tartaric, and acetic acids, chiefly as K salts; grape sugar, &c. In doses of 1/4 oz. (7 G.) and upwards it acts as a laxative and r frigerant; it is said to weaken actn. of resinous purgativs., but often given with them. TARAXACI RADIX. — Dandelion. (Com- positae.) The fresh and dried roots of Tarax- acum officinale (T. densleonis), collected in autumn from indigns. plants. Cont, a bitter 49 PHARMACists' pockeT-Book, principle, taraxacin, sugar, inulin, &c. Used as a diuretic and for its stimul. action on the liver. TEREBINTHINA CANADENSIS (* F.).- Canada Balsam, Balsam of Fir. (Coniferae.) A liqd, oleonesin (turpentine) obtained by inci- sing bark of Pinus balsamea (Abies balsamea). Loc. Canada, U.S. America. Cont. abt. 25°/s of a vol. oil, Cloſing, resembling oil of turps, and boiling at 167–170° C., of sp. gr. 863, and laevo-rotat. ; also a dextro-rotat, resin, part sol. 78°/2 in alcohol and part in ether. Used to mount objects for microscope, in prep. of flexible collodion and blistering paper; sometimes given intern. as stimul, to muc. membranes, THUS AMERICANUM (* !). —(Turpentine, U.S.P.), Common Frankincense. (Coniferae.) The concrete oleoresin (turpentine) scraped from trunks of Pinus australis and P. Taeda. Loc. South. U.S. America. It consists chiefly of abietic acid. Used chiefly extern. as a slight stimul. ; it is cont. in pitch plaster. TRAGACANTHA (F. G.).-(Leguminosae.) A gummy exudtn. from Astralagus gummifer and some other spec. of A. Loc. Asia Minor. Consists of arabin sol. in aq., and bassorin, a gum insol. in aq. Chiefly used in form of emulsion to suspend heavy powders, to disguise cod-liver oil; and in making lozenges. UWAE (F.).-Raisins. (Vitaceae.) The dried ripe fruit of Vitis vinifera, the grape-vine. Loc, Spain. The Valencia raisins of Spain E. 50 PHARMAcists' PoCKET-BOOK. only are used in pharmacy: Muscatel raisins are from Malaga, Sultana raisins from Smyrna. Cont. grape-sugar, and acid potass, tantrate, with gum and malic acid; the seeds cont. a bland fixed oil, both skin and secºls cont. tannin. Used to sweeten preptns., and as stimul. in mental and physical weakness. UVAE URSI FOLIA (* F. G.). — Bearberry. (Ericaceae.) Dried leaves of Arctºstaphylos Uva-ursi, from indigenous plants. Cont, tannic and gallic acids, and a glucoside (a mixture of) arbutin, probably the act. principle. Used as astringent and diuret. in catarrh of bladder and urino-genit. organs. VALERIANAE RHIZOMA (* F. G.). (Valeri- anaceae.) Dried rhizome and rootlets of Valeriana officinalis, collect. in autumn from British plants. Cont. a vol. oil and valºrianic acid, malic acid, resin, sugar, &c. Activity chiefly due to the vol. oil. Valerian is used as an anti- spasmodic and stimul. in hysteria, ensecially in young and delicate women. The oil in large doses paral. brain and spin, cord, lowers blood pressr. and slows pulse. VERATRI VIRIDIS RHIZOMA (*).-Green or American Hellebore. (Melanthaceae.) Dried rhizome and rootlets of Veratrum viride Loc. U.S.A., Canada. Cont. various akalds. jervine, pseudo-jervine, cevadine, and traces of veratrine and rubijervine; also resin, gallic acid, sugar, &c. Poison. In small doses, Weratrum Vir, lessens strength of pulse, finally 51 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. rendering it soft, slow, and compressible; in large doses, the same symptoms occur with increased musclr. weakness, nausea, giddiness, loss of vision, and collapse. ZINGIBER (* F.)-Ginger. (Zingiberaceae.) Scraped and dried rhizome of Zingiber officinale. Loc. W. Indies, India, &c. Cont. a yell. vol. oil (odour) and a resin (taste). Ginger stimul. stomach, prod. feeling of warmth, and expels flatus. Used in atonic dyspepsia, with purgtvs. to lessen griping, as a masticatory to increase saliva, and for relaxed throat. Note.— In the U.S.P. the names of the crude drugs are usually given in the nom. case without indication of the parts of the plant, e.g.: “Wa- leriana” instead of “Valerianae Rhizoma'; but when necessary, the part of the plant is indicated, as to distinguish between “Arnicae Flores” and “Arnicae Radix.” E 2 52 ph ARMAcists' pocket-book. OFFICIAL INorganic SUBSTANCEs, SALTs, ACIDs, ALKALIEs, &c., ALso DEFINITE ORGANIC SALTs, ACIDs, A LKALOIDs, &c. (B.P.) The symbol : indicates that statements of solu- bility vary. ACETUM (G.).-Vinegar. A solution of acetic acid contg. about 5:41% real acid, H.C.O., pro- duced frºm a mash of maited and unmaited grain by the process of acetous fermentation. Contains a little sulphuric acid added for pre- servative purposes. Sp. gr. 1017 to 1-019. Dose, 1 3 fl. to 1 5 fl., 35 to 28 c.C. Uses: see Acetic Acid. Vinegar should give an alkaline ash, a neutral ash indicates an excess of mineral acid over the alkaline acetates in the vinegar. By adding standard alkali till neutral before evapn. and titrating ash the loss of alkalinity indicates amount of mineral acid. Titration sharp with phenol phthalein. ACID. ACETICUM (*).-Acetic Acid. An acid liquid contg. 33% real acid, H.C.O., produced by destructv. distillm. of wood. Sp. gr. 1044. Dose, 15 to 40 ml. Action and uses in various strengths: as vesicant; sniffed to lessen drowsiness and prevent syncope; applied to skin for headache and to check perspiratn. To check bleeding and as enema to destroy ascarides. Acetic acid should give no pp. with H2S (heavy metals), with BaCl2 (sulphates), or AgNO (chloride), (reductn. = tarry matter); nor should the H, evolved on adding Zn and HCl to it 53 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. blacken lead acetate paper (SO2). It should yield no residue on evapn. AC. ACET. DIL. (*.G.).-Sp. gr. 1:006. Conts. 4:27% real acid. Dose, 1 3 fl. to 13 fl., 3.5 G.C. to 28 c.C. AC. ACET. GLAC. (* F. G.).-Solid or liquid according to temp. Sp. gr. 1058, increased on addin. of small qty. of water. Practically pure H.C.O.. All normal acetates are soluble (silver sparingly). A CID. A R S E N IO SUM (* F. G.).-Arse- nious Acid, “arsenic,” white arsenic, As2O3. An anhydride, not a true acid, produced by roasting arsenical ores and purfg. by sublimatn. A heavy white powder sol. in 10 to 12 pts. boilg. aq. ... sp. sol. in cold aq., sol. in 60 to 140 pts. alcohol 3. Readily sol. in liq. ammon, and in alkalies. The vitreous and porcellaneous varie- ties differ in solubility. Volatile at 205° C. (400°F.). Poison. Dose, 1/60 to 1/12 gr., 001 to 005 G. Uses: extern. as applic. to cancer; intern. as tonic and astringent to intes- times, in dyspep., &c. For headache, ague, neuralg., rheumtsm., &c.; bronch. affectins, phthisis; skin diseases, &c. ACID. BENZOICUM (* F. G.).-Benzoic Acid, HC, H2O2. Prepared from benzoin by sublimn. Colourless, flexible, cryst. plates and needles, with odour like benzoin. Sol. in abt. 500 pts. cold aq., in abt. 25 pts. boilg. aq.; in 1 pt. boilg. alcoh., in abt. 2 pts. cold absol. alcoh. ; in 25 pts. ether; 1 G. sol. in 20 c.C. alcoh. of sp. gr, '941 at 60°F. (15:5° C.). Sol. in fixed and essent. 54 ph ARMACists' pocker-book. oils. Crystises from hot acet. acd. Sol. in bases to form sol. benzoates of Ca, K, Na, Am, Pb, Ag, Zn, &c. Acid made from urine of herbivora has urinous odour; from toluene, odour of nitro-benzene. Dose, 10 to 15 gr., '65 to 1 G. Prop. and uses: stimul. expec- tornt., as diuretic. Used for chron. bronchitis, phthisis, catarrh of bladder. Eliminated in urine as hippuric acid. ACID. BORICUM (* F. G.).-Boric or Boracic Acid, HaBOs. Prep. from mat. boric acid, also liberatil. from borax by sulphuric acid. Colour- less pearly crystls, which may be powdered while moist. Sol. in aq. (19°C.) 25 pts., glycerine 5 pts., rect. sprt. 16 pts. (15'59 C.). Borates, except of alk., insol. Dose, 5 to 30 gr., 3 to 2 G. Resembles Cadm. Iodid. in appear- ance. Uses: antiseptic ointmt., powdrs., &c. ACID. CARBOLICUM (* F. G.). — Phenol, Phenic Acid, Phenic Alcoh., Carbolic Acid, C.H.H.O. Prep. by fractional distilln. of coal- tar oil and subsequent puriftn. Colrlss. or pink crystls., sp. gr. 1060 to 1.066 (33°C.). Sol. in 12 to 18 aq., in alcoh., ether, benzene, chlorfm., $." Salts of alk, and alk. earths solble. ose, 1 to 3 gr., '06 to 2 G. AC. CARBOL. LIQ. (G.)—Acid carbol. liquifd. by adding 10% aq. Dose, 1 to 4 m, 059 to 235 c.C. Uses: as antiseptic, as dressing for wounds (1 in 20 aq.), as gargle or spray in in- fluenza cold (1 in 40 to 1 in 60.). For antisep. * should be in aq. soln, not in alcoh, nor Oll. 55 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. ACID. CHROMICUM (F. G.).-Chromic Acid, CrOs. An anhydride liberated from potass. bichrom. by sulphuric acid. Crimson needles, deliq., caustic, odourless. Very sol. in aq.; and in cold alcoh., ether, but slowly decom- poses these. Salts mostly insol. except of K, Na, Am, Ca, Sr. (spar.) Uses: deodorizr. and disinfectnt. ; as a caustic. ACID. CITRICUM (* F. G.). — Citric Acid, H, C, H2O, H2O. An acid prepò. from juice of lemon, Citrus Limonum, ºr lime, Citrus Limetta. Sol. in ; pts. cold aq.; sol. in glycer.; insol. in ether. 1 G. sol. in I c.C. alcoh. at 60°F. (15.5°C.). Titrations sharp with phenol- phthaln. Dose, 10 to 30 gr, '65 to 2 G. ACID. GALLICUM (*F.).-Gallic Acid, HaC,0s, H2O. An acid prepared from galls. These contain tannic acid, which under the influence of boiling dilute sulphuric acid yields gallic acid. It is a crystalline pale fawn or nearly white powder. Sol. in abt. 100 pts. cold aq.; in 3 pts, boilg. aq.; also sol. in rect. Sprt, and rather less sol. in ether. Gallic acid gives no ppte. with soln. of isinglass (gelatin), tannic acid does. It gives bluish black ppte. with ferric chloride, and reduces nitrate of silver on heat- ing; also reduces permanganate. It darkens when in soln. with alkalies. Pyrogallic acid is produced from it by action of heat. Dose, 2 to 10 gr., 13 to 65 G. Prop. and uses: resembles tannic acid, but does not coagulate albumin. Given to check hamorrhages from internal organs. 56 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. ACID. HYDROBROMICUM DILUTUM (* F.). —A 10 % soln. of real acid, HBr, in water, pre- pared by the action of Br on H.S. It should contain no sulphuric acid or KHT as in Fother- gill's process, and remain colourless on keeping. Sp. gr. 1.077 at 60° F. (15:5° C.). Strength determined by titratiºn. Dose, 15 to 20 ml, abt. 1 c.C. Prop. and uses: sedative, anti- spasmod, ; given in epilepsy, headache either idiopathic or produced from quinine or tea. ACID HYDROCHLORICUM (* F. G.).-A solution of real acid, HCl, in water; strength about 32%. Prep. by the interaction of NaCl and H2SO, and passing the gas into water. Sp. gr. 1: 16 at 60°F. (15° 5' C.). Gives no ppte. with BaCl2(SOs) nor H2S (heavy metals) and no tarnish on copper boiled in it (As). No H.S evolved on adding Zn (SO2); does not bleach indigo (abs. of free Cl). Strength found by titration. AC. HYDROCHLOR. D.I.L. (*.G.).-Made by diluting 3060 gr. of Ac. Hydrochlor. to 1 pint, or 3 fl. 8 to 3.26%, with water. Sp. gr. 1052. Dose, ió to 30 ml, 6 to 1:8 c.C. Uses: as aid to - digestion, to allay thirst, dissolve alkaloids, &c. ACID. HYDROCYANICUM DILUTUM (* F.). —A 2% soln. of real acid, HCN, in water. Prep. by distil, K, Fe(CN), with H.SO, (diluted). Sp. gr.997. Treated with salts of Fe" and Fe" and afterwards with KHO a ppte. of Prussian blue is formed. Titration depends upon the fact that the compa. Ag(CN), K(CN), is soluble. Standard AgNO, is run into the neutralzd. soln. 57 PHARMACists' PockFT-BOOK. till this body is formed and excess forms ppte. of Ag(CN). Dose, 2 to 8 m, 118 to '472 c.C. Poison. Used extern. to lessen itching; intern. to sooth stomach, for vomitg., palpitation from dyspepsia. Scheele's acid is double strength. ACID. LACTICUM (* F. G.).-A soln. (about 25%) of lactic acid, HC, H.O., produc. by lactic ferment from sugar. Sp. gr. 1. 21. Miscible with aq., rect. spit., ether, not chlorfm. Contains no heavy metals, SOs, Ca, sugar. Present in sour milk, buttermilk, beer. It is inactive to polrsd. light. Estimated, by titratn. ; by saturatg. with zinc, evapg. and dissolvg. other matters in alcohol and weighing as zinc lactate ( x 7402 = lact. acd.): also estimtd. by loss of CO2 when heatd. with H2SO, and K.Cr2O, thus Cah,0s + O = C.H.O + H2O + CO2. Oxalic and tar- tar, acds, if present give ppts, with lime water (excess), citric with same on boilg. Acetic and butyric acds, by smell; glycerin sepd. from Zn lactate by soln, in alcoh. (vid. supra); sugar by Fehling's test. AC. LACT. DIL.—Acid. lact, dilute 3 fl. 3 to Oi. Sp. gr. 1040. Dose, 1/2 to 25 fl., 18 to 7 c.C. Uses: to aid digestion, to lessen alka- linity and phosphtc. deposits in urine. ACID. MECONICUM, H.C.H.O. Micaceous crystals obtained from opium in which it exists in combnth. with alkalds, and partly free. Solble. in water (spargly.); readily in alcohol, less readily in ether. Aq. soln. has acid reactn. Ferric chlorid. gives red colour, not discharged 58 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. by boiling, nor by dil. HCl ; strong HCl dis- chrgs. it. This is the usual test for preprtns. of opium in mixtures. The ppt. on adding Tr. Opii to lead lotion is lead meconate, ACID NITRICUM (* F. G.). — Aquafortis, HNOa. A liquid acid prepared by the action of sulphuric acid upon nitre (K or Na). Sp. gr. 1-42. Should be free from Cl, SOs, Ag, &c. In contact with FeSO, it is reduced to NO, which forms a brown compd. with the excess of the ferrous salt (ordinary test). Strength found by titration. All nitrates (except basic) soluble. Nitrate of urea only spar. sol. (test for excess of urea in urine). ACID. NITRIC. DIL. (*). Nitric acid diluted 2400 gr. to Oi, or 3 fl. 6 to 3 fl. 31. Dose of dil. acid, 10 to 30 ml, 6 to 1:8 c.C. Nitric acid is used externally as a caustic ; the dilute acid is given internally to allay thirst, in dyspepsia, &c. It has astringent ac- tion, and diminishs, secretn. from lungs. As substit. for mercurials in syphilis: injected to remove stones in bladder. Specif. actn. on liver. ACID. NITRO-HYDROCHLORICUM DIL. (*F.).-Dilute Aqua Regia. Made by mixing nitric acid 3 fl. 3, hydrochlor, acd. 3 fl. 4, with 3 fl. 25 of water. Colourless liquid, of sp. gr. 1:07. Dose of dil. acid, 5 to 20 ml, 3 to 1:2 c.C. Specif. actn. on liver. Given for dyspep., jaundice, certain forms headache, &c. ACID. OLEICUM. A fluid acid, HCls Has O, obtained from olein, a constituent of tallow, 59 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. palm oil, lard, and other fats. Insol. in aq., sol. in alcoh., ether, chlorofm., petr. sprt, Mis- cible with fats and essent, oils. Used for pre- paratn. of oleates, which ointments are readily absorbd. ACID. PHOSPHORICUM CONCENT. (* F. G.). A colourless syrupy acid liquid made by oxidatn. of phosphorus with nitric acid ; also from bones. Cont. HaPO, and 33.7% Aq. Sp. gr. 1 : 5. Melts to a glass (HPOs) at red heat. ACID. PHOSPH. D.I.L. (*). A solution contg. 10% of P.O. by dilutg. Ac. Phosp. Conc. 33 fl. to 1 pint. Sp. gr. 1:08. Incompat, with most metall. salts. Dose of dil. acid, 10 to 30 ml, 6 to 1:8 c.C. Uses as other acids; longer and larger doses can be given without deranging digestn. Strength of phosph. acid got by evaptg. with PbO and noting increase after ignition. ACID. SALICYLICUM, HC, H2O, (* F. G.). A crystne. acid, made synthet, or from oil of winter-green or sweet birch. Sol. in 500 to 700 pts. cold aq.; ether, hot aq. 1 G. sol. in 42 c.C. alcoh. of sp. gr. 941 at 60° F. (15:5° C.). Melts 155° C. and vol. below 200° C. Dose, 5 to 30 gr., 3 to 2 G. Prop. and uses: it destroys bacteria, ferments, &c.; it lowers the temp. in fever, causes feeble circultn. and low blood press. Used exter, as antisept. Given intern. (as Nasalt) in acut. and chron, rheumtsm., headache; makes bile more watery, &c. 60 PHARMACists' pocket-Book. ACID. SULPHURICUM, H2SO, (* F. G.).-Oil of Vitriol (coml.). An oily acid made by the vitriol chamb. reactns. Sp. gr. 1: 84. The com]. acid made from pyrites conths, As, very little As when made from S. Comml. acid, gives ppt. on dilution (PbSO,). Often purſd. for pharm. and other purposes by dilutg., and reconctg. clear liquid, but still conths. traces Fe, and other metals. Contns, about 96–97% real acd. ACID. SULPH. D.I.L. (*.G.).-Acid sulph. 3 fl. 7 dild. to 3 fl. 83} and lead sulphate settled out. Dose of dil. acd., 5 to 30 in., '06 to 1-8 c.C. The conc. acid is corrosv. and chars org. matter. Given to quench thirst, to prevent absorption of Pb, to arrest haemorrhg., lessen sweatg., &c. ACID. SULPHUROSUM (*). A soln. of sul- phurous annydride, SO2, in aq., 5% strength, made by actn. of C on conc. H2SO, or by forcing prodts, of combtn. of S into aq. Sp. gr. 1.025. Leaves no resid. on evapn. Gives no ppt. with BaCl, if quite pure, but usually contns. trace of H2SO. Titratd. with I soln., but may be titr. by all-ali which includes the sulphuric acid; MHSO, neutral to litmus and methyl-orange, M.SO, to phen. phthln. Dose, 1/2 to 13 fl., 1-8 to 3.5 c.C. Prop. and uses: it is a de- oxidiser, and destroys plant life, germs, &c. Used to disinfect rooms; given intern. in some cases of vomiting ; extern. in skin diseases. ACID. TANNICUM (* F. G.). A solid acid, extracted from galls, sometimes called tannin. 61 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Very sol. in aq., glycern., and rect. spri.; very spar. in ether. Aq. soln. ppts. gelatin and forms black ppt. with per-salts of iron. Dose, 2 to 10 gr., 13 to 65 G. Prop. and uses: it coag. albumen and mucus, produces dryness of muc. membrm, drynss, of faeces, lessns, irritn. in throat. Given extern. for intertrigo, impetigo, eczema, ozºena, hæmorrhg. of nose; as a gargle: in inflamn. of tonsils, deafness. Intern. in haemorrhg., diarrh., albuminuria. ACID. TARTARICUM, H.C, H, O, (* F. G.).- A crystn. acid prepared from the tartar (KHT) of wine. Five modifs. of this acid exist. The ordinary acid is dextro-rotat. and fuses at 135° C.; the cryst. have density 1:74–1-76, are sol. in water and alcoh. Tartrates decomp. when kept in moist state, and solns. of these or the acid decompl. by fungus, but not if carbolic acid present. 1 G. sol. in 1:25 c.C. alcohol, sp. gr. '941 at 60°F (15.5°C.). The acid K-salt very spargly, sol. Tartaric acid prevents pptn. of Fe and some other metals by alkalies. Strength by titratn, with alkali, phen.-phthln, best indicator. Dose, 10 to 30 gr., 7 to 2 G. Used for cooling drinks and in prepn. of tartrates. ACONITINA. An alkld. from aconite (see p. 2). AETHER (* F. G.).-Ether, sulp. ether (C.H.),0. A volat, liquid prepared by etherifctn. of alcohol under the dehydratng, influence of H2SO, and removal of water by CaCl2. Sp. gr. abt. '735, conths. 92% pure ether by vol., and boils below 40-5°C. Miscible with alcoh. and spar. sol. in water. Dose, 20 to.60 m, 1 to 3-5 c.C. Prop. 62 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. and uses: it stimul, the saliv, glnds., stom., re- spiration; first stimults., then depress, nerv. centres. Less paral. actn. on heart than chlorfm., and affects vasomotor centres less; hence it is a safer anaesthetic. Used as anaes- thet., carmin., and stimul., and lessens pain in passage of calculi. Used to dissolve pyroxylin, &c. AEther purus is prepa. by washing with aq. and distill. from CaO and CaCl2. AETHER ACETICUS (* F. G.).-Acetate of ethyl, (C.H.) C.H.O. Prepared by dist, to- gether alcohol, sod. acetate, and sulph. acd., and treat. distill. with CaCl2. A fragrant liquid of sp. gr. '900, B.P. 74.4° C., miscible with alcoh. and ether, sol. in 10 pts. aq. (15° 5°C.). Dose, 20 to 60 ml, 1 to 3.5 c.C. Prop. and uses: best solvt. of cantharidin; anaesth. actm. not used; stimul., carminat. and antispasmodic. ALCOHOL AMYLICUM.—Fusel oil, C.Hil (HO). Slightly impure amylic hydrate sepa- rated in the rectifn. of crude spirit. It passes over between 123° C. and 127°C. ALCOHOL ETHYLICUM (* F. G.).-Ethylic hydrate, absolute alcohol, C.H.(HO). A liquid of sp. gr. 797 to 800, containing 1 or 2% of water; it is prepared from rectified spirit by treatment with anhydrous pot. carb., followed by distillm. from CaCl2 (fused). Rectif. Spirit, sp. gr. '838, contains 16% of water and Prſ. Spirit, sp. gr. 1920, cont. 51%. Absolute alcohol of B.P. not sufficiently anhydrous for prepn. of sod. ethylate. Alcohol is prepared by the fermenta- tion of sugar by yeast as a commercial product, 63 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. and also by other processes and syntheses. The blueing of CuSO, (B.P. test) shows pres. or absence of aq. in absol. alcoh. ; the AgNO, test pres. or abs. of fusel oil and aldehyde in alcoh. Its strength is estimd. by sp. gr. Prop. and uses: it withdraws water from albumnd. solns. ; and by forming a compd. with haemo- globin of blood diminishes oxidtn. of tissue. It undergoes combustn, in blood. It stimul. circultn. and lowers temp. under ordinary circumstc. If taken in eaccess poisonous; in continued toxic doses the liver and other intern. organs suffer. In med. doses it stimul. gastric juice and aids digestion, especially in weakness or old age. It is used in pharmy. for tinctures, &c. Extensively used as a stimulf. ALUMEN (* F. G.).-Alum, Al, 3SO, K.SO, 24 Aq or Am...SO, replacing K2SO4. A salt pre- pared by crystng, mixture of sulphate of alumin. and sulp. of potass. or ammon. 1 G. ammon. alum sol. in 760 c.C. alcoh., sp. gr. 1941, at 60°F. (15.5°C.). Sol. in 10 or 11 pts. of water. Dose, 10 to 20 gr., '65 to 1.3 G. Prop. and uses: it ppts. albumen and gelatin, and acts as astringnt. and styptic. Used to check bleedg., as applicatn. to ulcers, and a mouth lotion and gargle. As an emetic, also in lead poisng., &c. AMMONIA (* F. G.).-Nitrine, hartshorn, NHa. A gas prepared from ammonium salts by treat- ment with lime. It is extremely soluble in water, and forms Liq. Ammon. and Liq. Ammon. Fortior. Liq, amm. is of sp. gr. 1959, contg. 10% of NH3. 64 PHARMAcists' pockFT-Book. Liq. amm. fortr. is of sp. gr. 891, contg. 32.5% NH3. Dose of Liq. Amm., 10 to 30 ml, 6 to 1-75 c.C. Prop. and uses It acts as a stimult. to circultn. and respiratn. and nerv. system. Used as a vesicant externally, and general. as stimult. interny. All salts of ammon. and a volatile acid shal, leave no residue on ignitn, and evolve NHA on boilg. with potash or soda. AMMONII BENZOAS (* F.).-(NH,)C.H.O. Simil, therap, actn, to benzoic acid. Readily sol. in. aq. Dose, 10 to 20 gr., 65 to 1.3 G. AMMONII BROMIDUM (* F. G.).-NH. Br. Sol. in aq., I G. sol. in 3 c.C. alcoh, of sp. gr. ‘941 at 60° F (15-5°C.). Similar actn, to pot. bromide. Dose, 2 to 20 gr., 13 to 6.5 G. AMMON II CARBONAS (* F. G.).-N, HuC,0s. A mixture of acid carbonate of Am, and carba- mate of Am. Sol. in aq., 1 G. sol. in 10 c.C. alcoh, of sp. gr. 1941 at 60°F. (15.5°C.). Dose, 3 to 10 gr., '2 to '65 G. Prop. and uses similar to ammonia. AMMONII CHLORIDUM (* F. G.). —Salam- moniac, NH,Cl. A crystne. solid or fibrous mass prepared by distilling the ammonia from gas liquor into hydrochloric acid. Soluble in water and rect sprt., 1 G. sol. in 6 c.C. alcoh. of sp. gr. 1941 at 60° F. (15.5°C.). Dose, 5 to 20 gr., 3 to 1 '3 G. Prop. and uses: it has a special action on gastric muc. membrns, used in gastric and bronchl. catarrh., given in con- gestn., and abscess of liver, in rheumtsm., neuralgia; as an alterative. 65 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. AMMONII NITRAS (*) – (NHONO,. A crystne, salt prepared by neutralg. ammonia or ammon. carb. with nitric acid. Very sol. in water and spar. in rect, spri. Yields nitrous oxide gas and water at 185°C., and used in med. for this purpose only. AMMONII PHOSPHAS (*). — (NH,),HPO,. A cryst. salt prepared by adding excess of ammonia to phosphoric acid and evapg. Sol. in aq., insol. in rect. Sprt. Dose, 5 to 20 gr., 3 to 1-3 G. Used in gout. AMYL NITRIS (* F. G.). – C. Hu NO. A yellowish ethereal liquid prepl. by distilg. together amyl alcoh., sulph. acd., and copper, and collectg. portion boilg. over 128–132° C. Insol, in aq., miscible with ether, alcoh., chlorfm.; decompq. on expos. to air. Dose, inhaled, 2 to 5 m, 118 to 294 c.C.; intern. 1/2 to 1 ml, '03 to 06 c.C. It forms met.-haemo- globin with blood, rendering it venous. It quickns. pulse and respirm. and lessens blood pressure. Used as an antidote (pp. 359-371); and in angina pectoris, sea-sickness, epilepsy, &c. Poison. AMYLUM (* F. G.).-Starch (see Foods). Used as a soothg. applictn. for chilblins., chappd. hands, and as a vehicle for enemas. ANTIMONII OXIDUM (*).-Sb2O3. A greyish- white powdr. prepd. by pourg. Sb'Cla into water, treatg. the pp.d. oxychloride with sod. carb., and dryg. at 100° C. Dose, 1 to 4 gr., '06 to 26 G. Used same purps. as tart. emet. It is an ingrdnt. of Pulv. Jacobi (James's powd.). F 66 PHARMACISTS' PoCKET-Book. ANTIMONIUM NIGRUM (F. G.). — Sb,S,. Used as a raw material; not intern. ANTIMONIUM NIGRUM PURIF. (* F.) is the above purifd. by fusion, and digestn, with am- monia to remove As. Agrey-black crystn. powdr. sol. in hydrochlorc. acd. with evoln. of H2S. ANTIMONIUM SULPHURATUM (* G.).- Antimony ory-sulphide. An orange-red powder consistg. of Sb2S3 with small varyg. amount of Sb2O3 prepd. by boiling purifd. black antim. with sulphur and caustic soda and adding slight excess of H2SO, Dose, 1 to 5 gr., '06 to 3 G. The oxide is considrd. to be the active part. ANTIMONIUM TARTARATUM (* F. G.).- Tartar emetic (KSbC, H.O.)H2O. An oxy- tartrate of antimony and potassium prepd. by dissolvg. oxide of antimny. in cream of tartar (in special manner). Colorlss, transpart, cryst. blackng. with heat, Sol. in water, less sol. in prf. spri. Adult or subst. K'SbO"(C.O.), used by dyers as a mordnt. (v. Ph. J.). 1 G. sol. in 4:90 c.C. alcoh. of sp. gr. 941 at 60° F. (15-5°C.). This is one of the few compounds of Sb sol. in aq. Dose (diaph.), 1/16 to 1/6 gr., .004 to 01 G.; (emet.) 1 to 2 gr., '06 to 12 G. Most used of all antim. prepns. Antimony taken intern. acts a diaphtc. and nauseant. It dimnshs, blood pressr. and slows pulse which afterwds.becomes quicker; resprtn. is first increasd., then dimnshd. It has direct actn. on spin. cord; paral. motor and sensry. nerves. Contal. use produces fatty degenertn. 67 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. AQUA (* F. G.).-Water, H.O. A liquid consistg. of hydrogen and oxygen. Natural water contns. various salts and gases. Distilled water conths. the gases, but no solids. Water is of sp. gr. 1 (the standard), boils at 100° C. (212°F.). Com- mon water produces ppts. with salts of silver, barium, with oxalates, carbonates, phosphates, &c. ARGENTI NITRAS (* F. G.).-Lunar caustic, AgNO3. Colorlss. tabular crystals prepared by dissolving metallic silver in nitric acid and crystallsng. For cauterising it is used in sticks. Toughened caustic cont. 5% KNO. Sol, in aq., 1 G. sol. in 2: 5 c.C. alcoh. of sp. gr. 941 at 60°F. (15.5°C.), and in rect. Sprt.; gives a pp, with common water (AgCl). Dose, 1/6 to 1/2 gr., '010 to 032 G. Aq. sol. neutral to litmus. ARGENTI OXIDUM (*).-Ag,O. An olive- brown powder pp.d. from soln. of AgNO, by lime water. Sol. in nitric acid. Dose, 1/2 to 2 gr., 032 to 13 G. Silver compounds taken intern. act as astringent and nerve tonics, in suffet. quant, they stain the skin. Nitrate of silver is administered externally to remove para- sitic fungi and relieve itching, as an application in herpes, small-pox, erysipelas, ulcers, croup, gonorrhoea, &c. Silver nitrate and oxide should not be mixed with tannin, creasote, &c., because reduction takes place and metallic silver is inert. Metallic silver is obtained in a state of purity by reducing the well-washed chloride in contact with sod. carb. at a red heat. F 2 68 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-book. ARSENII IODIDUM (*). — Asſa. Orange crystals, sol. in aq., and rect. sprt., formed by union of iodine and arsenic, or by evapn. of mixture of As2O, and hydriodic acid. Dose, 1/30 gr., 002 G. Used in skin diseases. ATROPINA (*).-An alkaloid from Belladonna (see pp. 6, 455). BEBERINAE SULPHAS (F)—C, H.N.O.H., SO,. The sulphate of an alkaloid from Nec- tranda or Bebeeru bark mixed with sulphate of nectandrine and other alkaloids. Dark brown thin transluct. scales sol. in aq., and alcohol. Dose, 1 to 10 gr, '06 to 6 G. Used occa- sionally as substit. for quinine. BISMUTHI CARBONAS (*). – (Bi, O.C.O.), H2O. A white powder (basic carbonate) pre- pared by ppm. with ammon, carb. Dose, 5 to 20 gr., 32 to 1.3 G. BISMUTHI CITRAS (*). – BiC, H, O,. A white powder obtained as a ppte. by mixing sod. carb. and citric acid in soln. to soln. of bism. nitrate. Dose, 2 to 5 gr., 13 to 32 G. BISMUTHIOXIDUM.—Bi,O,. A lemon-yellow powder prepd. by boiling bism. submitr, with caustic soda, and dryg. at 100° C. Dose, 5 to 15 gr, '32 to '97 G. BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS (* G.).-BiONO, H2O.-A white powder in cryst. scales, prepd. by pouring nitrate of bismuth soln. into excess of aq. Dose, 5 to 20 gr., 32 to 1.3 G. Bismuth preparations should be free from * as this imparts a foetid odour to the reath. 69 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. BORAX (* F. G.).-Na,B,0,10Aq. A salt found native (as tincal) and prepared artif. by mixing boric acid and sod. carb. in equivalent proprtns. Eflorescent. Sol. in abt. 35 pts. aq. at 0°C., and 3 pt. at 100°C. Insol. (or nearly) in alcoh. (rect. Sprt.). Has an alkaline reaction, the soda can readily be titrated with acid and meth.-orange. Treated with acid, the hot aq. soln. deposts, crys, of boric acid, and if the soln. contns, suffent. alcohl. to burn, the flame is green. Dose, 5 to 70 gr., 32 to 4' 53 G. Prop, and uses: destroys low vegetbl. organsms. and prevents their growth, and hence anti- septic. Used externally in place of soap, as lotion in acne, to remove scurf from scalp, to allay itching in var. dis. ; as an applictn. to muc. membrn. in leucorrh.. and gonorrh.. and apthous condns, of throat. To act on uterus in amenorrh., puerprl. fev., &c. Said to bring on abortn. Used in epilepsy; as solvnt, for ben- zoic acid. BROMUM (* F. G.). — Bromine, Br. A dark brown-red irritatng, liquid, of sp. gr. 2:97 to 3-14 and B.P. 57.2 to 62.8° C., obtaind, from sea-water and salm. springs. Mixed with soda till nearly colorls., it gives no blue tint with cold starch soln. (abs. of iod.). Poison. Taken in small doses prod. mental depressn., drowsinss, stupidity; if breathed in presence of insuff. air produc. pneumonia. Not given in free state. Very useful as a reagent in analysis. BUTYL-CHLORAL HYDRAS.—Croton chloral hydrate (wrongly called). C, H,Cl, O, H.O. 70 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-book. Butyl-chloral prod. by action of Cl on aldehyde at –10°C., sepd. by fractml. distn, and . hydrous by adding water. White pearly crystn. scales with pung. smell, acrid taste, melts 77.8° C., and begins to resolid. at 71.1° C. Sol. in aq. 1 in 50; (1 in 100.3), in glycrin. 1 in 1: (1 in 4 3), sol. in alcoh. 1 in 13. Dose, as hypnot, 5 to 15 gr., 3 to 1 G. : to lessen pain, 1% to 5 gr., 1 to 3 G. Prop. and uses: anaesthet., but less poisons. than chloral, and less depressg. to heart. Said to affect 5th nerve first. Used in fac. neuralg., migraine, and paroxysl. toothache. May be given suspended in almond mixture, and with syrp. of tolu to disguise odour. CAFFEINA (* F. G.) (See p. 143,455.) CAFFEINAE CITRAS.–C, H, N, O, HAC, H.O. A weak compd. of caffeine and citric acid prepd. by adding citric acid 1 pt. to caffn. 1 pt. and water 2 pts., and evap. to dryness. White powder with bitter taste and acid taste and reactn. A strong soln. ppts. caffeine on dilutn., but ppt. redissol. on furth. dilutn. Gives ppt. with tannic acid, sol. in excess. Red colour if soln. evapd. with pot. chlor. and HCl, purpl. if ammonia add. to residue. Dose, 2 to 10 gr., 13 to 65 G. Prop. and uses of caffeine and compds.; in pois. doses produces convulsns. which are preventd. by artif. resprin. (treat- ment). It increases respirth. and blood pressr. and the salivy. secretn.; it is diuret. (not in- variably). Used in headache, cardiac dropsy. Best given with digitalis. 71 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. CALAMINA PREPARATA.—Calcined native zinc carbonate, ZnCOa, ground and elutriated. Pale pinkish-brown powder. Sol. in acids. Used in prepn. of Unguent. Calam. CALCII CARBONAS PRECIPITATA (* F. G.). –Precipd. chalk. Cat Oa. CaCOs prepd. by sod. carb. from chloride of calcium. Dose, 10 to 60 gr., 65 to 3-9 G. Prop. and uses resemb, chalk. - CALCII CHLORIDUM (* F.) – Chloride of calcium, not Chl. of lime. CaCl2, 2 Aq. The salt dried at 400°F. (204°C.), sol. in water and alcoh. It is in white deliquesct. agglutintd. masses. Dose (children), 1 to 3 gr., '06 to 19 G.; adults, 10 to 20 gr., '65 to 1-3 G. Used in chron. enlargmt. of glands, in de- hydg. alcoh., ethers, &c., and to dry gases. CALCII HYDRAS (F.).-Slaked lime, Ca(HO). Hydrate of lime prepared by pouring water over recently burnt lime. It is sol. in cold water, less sol. in hot. Sol. in 650 pts. aq. at 0°C., sol. in 778 pts. aq. at 15'59 C., in 972 pts. aq. at 54-4°C., in 1270 pts. aq. at 100° C. More sol. in water contg. sugar. Lime should be kept in a well-closed bottle, or it absorbs CO2 from the air. Prop. and uses: it is an alkal. earth; slightly astring. actn. on skin and used for cracked and eczemt. surfcs, as an injectn. in dischrgs. from mucous passages. As an antacid and to prevent vomitg and check diarrhoea. 72 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. CALCII HYPOPHOSPHIS (* F)—Ca(PH, O.). Prepared by boiling slaked lime with phosphorus, ppg. uncombnd. lime by CO2, evapg. and crystlng. A white salt of pearly lustre and bitter naus, taste. Insol. in rect. sprt., sol. in 6 pts. cold aq. The salts burn on ignition, leaving 80% of residue. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., º tº 65 &. Prop. and uses: given in early stages of phthisis and in nervous debility from overwork, &c. Begin with 2 gr. and in- Crease. CALCII PHOSPHAS (* F. G.).-Ca,P,0s. A white substance, prepa. by ppm. with Am HO from a soln. of bone ash in hydrochlor, acid; it is generally basic. It dissolves in minrl. acids and is not pp.d. on addin. of acetates, but the CaO is ppd. from the acetic soln. by oxalic acid; the P.O. by addin. of Ferri Perchlor. CALCII SULPHAS (G.).-CaSO,. Plaster of Paris. Nearly anhydrous sulphate of lime, made by igniting gypsum (CaSO,2Aq.). Used in prepn. of Calx Sulphurata. Slightly sol. in water; soln. used as a reagent in laboratory. CALX (* F. G.).-CaO. Quicklime prepared by calcining limestone in presence of carbon. Forms CaFI2O, when moistd. with rather less than equal wt. of aq. CALX CHLORINATA (* F. G.)—Chloride of lime, Bleaching powder, CaOCl. Obtained by causing moist quicklime to absorb Cl gas. Dull white powd. with faint smell of Cl. Is part. dissol. in aq. formg. soln. of calcium hypo- 73 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. chlorite. When mixed with acid the soln. bleaches. It also liberates I (= 33% avail. , chlorine) which may be titratd. with Na.S.Oa. CALX SULPHURATA (*).-Sulphurated lime. Made by reducing CaSO, with C at a red heat and should contn. 50% CaS. Spar. sol. in aq. (cold), decomposd. by boilg. aq. formg. Ca(HO), and Ca(HS), wh. dissolve. Dose, 1/10 to 1 gr., '006 to '06 G. Used in suppuratn., to check inflamtn., and to hasten dischrg. of pus. CARBO ANIMALIS (* F.). -Animal Charcoal, Char. The residue from the coking of bones. It contains about 10 to 14%. C., the rest princi- pally Casp,0s, with CaCO3, CaF2 and small im- purities. CARB. ANIM. PURIF. is prepd. by extractg. the earthy matter with HC1. Both black powders which remove colorg. matter from solus. in sugar refining, &c.). Insol. in all reagents, C. A. Purf burns leaving not more than 2% ash. Dose, 20 to 60 gr., 1:3 to 4 G. Used to absorb alkalds. in poisng. (to be followed by emetic, &c.). CERII OXALAS (*).-Cerous oxalate, CeC.O., 3 Aq. Ppd. oxalate of Ce (with La, Di), a white granular powd. which leaves cerosoceric oxide (red-brown) on ignitn. Sol. in minerl. acids, insol. in oxalic and in aq. Mixed with KHO and treat, with Cl it yields yellow cerosoceric hydrate. Dose, 1 to 2 gr., '06 to 13 G. Used to prevent vomitg. in pregney., in bronchitis and dyspnoea and some nerv, affectns. 74 PHARMACists' PoCKET-Book. CHLORAL HYDRAS (* F. G.).-C.HCl,O.H.O. Colorlss. cryst., prod. by actn. of Cl on absolute alcohol and subsequent hydratn. Fuses 120° F. (48.9°C.), boils 202–206°F (94-4 to 96.7°C.). Sol. in less than 1 pt. aq.; rect. sprt. or ether; in 4 pts. chlorfm. Yields chlorofm. on distilln. with CaFI2O, and other alkalies. Dose, 5 to 30 gr., 32 to 1 '94 G. Prop. and uses: prob. not decompsd. in the body. Acts on vaso- motor centre, thus paralysing blood-vess. and heart; on spinal cord diminishg, and removing excitability; on brain as hypnotic; contracts pupil. Used chiefly to promote sleep, to lessen reflex action and convulsms, to give relief from dyspnoea in spasm. asthma. As an anaesthetic to remove pain; in sea-sickness, incontinence of urine in children. As an antidote to strychnine. CHLOROFORM (* F. G.).-CHCl, Colorlss. limpd. liqd. of etherl. odour and sweet taste, sp. gr. 1:497, B.P. 61° C., prepò. by distll. alcohol with chloride of lime and slaked lime. Dissol. in 200 vols. aq. and readily in alcoh., ether. Dose, 3 to 10 ml. Prop. and uses: In small doses it stimul. saliva and gastric juice and movements of bowels, relieving gripings. Much used, mixed with plenty of air, as anaesthet. with stages as follows: noises heard, and light seen in eyes, oppression of chest, excitement, violent, hysterical, venereal, &c., then partial, passing to complete anaesthesia with respiratn., pulse, and heart (first slow, then quick, lastly) steady with blood pressr. lowrd. Vapour used in - 75 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. photophobia, pruritus pudendi, neuralgia, ulcer- ation and cancer of uterus, &c. Used in vomitg., coughs, affectns. of stomach, intestns., &c. To prod. part. anaesthes. in labour, colic, &c. CINCHONIDINAE SULPHAS (*)-(C.H.,N. O), H.S.O.3H2O. Colorlss. silky crystls. sol. in aq., alcoh., ether; very spar. in chlorfm. and soln. of AmBO, sol. in acids. Dose, 1 to 10 gr., '06 to '65 G. Uses: as a tonic and antiperiodic. See Cinchona Alkaloids. COCAINAE HYDROCHLORAS.–C, H, NO, HC1. The hydrochlorate of an allºld. which is the chief act. prin. of Coca q.v. Dose, 1/5 to 1 gr., 013 to . 069. CODEINE (* F. G.). — ClaRI, NO, H.O. See Opium Alkaloids. Dose, 1/4 to 2 gr., 016 to 13 G. Hypnotic, lessens irritblty. of nerves of intestns., &c.; lessens sugar in diabetes. CUPRI NITRAS, Cu(NO,),3Aq. Blue deliq. cryst, forming a 6 aq. salt with more water. CUPRISULPHAS, CuSO, 5Aq. Blue cryst. sol. in aq., becoming anhydrous at 400°F. Dose (astringent), 1/4 to 2 gr., 016 to 13 G.; emetic, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 G. Astringent, and nerve tonic ; as a gargle and wash in oph- thalm., gonorrh., leucorrh. In diarrh., dysen., chorea, hysteria, epilepsy, &c. Nitrate same action. FERRI ET AMMONII CITRAS (*F.).-Scale compd. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 G. 76 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. FERRI ET QUININAE CITRAS (*)-Scale compd. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 G. FERRI PEROXIDUM HYDRATUM (*)- Fe2O3.H2O. Precipitated hydrate of iron dried at 100° C. (212° F.) (10% aq. about). Red- brown powd. insol. in aq., sol. in dil. HCl. Dose, 5 to 30 gr., 32 to 2 G. FERRI PHOSPHAS (*).-Ferrous phosphate, Fea(PO,),8H2O. Slate-blue powd. contg. 47% of ferrous phosphates, pp.d. from ferrous sulpht. by sod. phosp. and carbonate, and dried at !. (49°C.). Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to • 65 G. FERRI SULPHAS (* F. G.). – FeSO,7Aq. Green cryst. prepd. by dissol. iron in H2SO, or as a by-product in manufacturg. Dose, 1 to 5 gr, '06 to 32 G. Ferri Sulph. Exsicc., FeSO, Aq, remains after drying at 100° C. (212°F). FERRUM REDACTUM (* F. G.).-Dried ferric hydrate partially red. to metal by hydrogen at red heat. Dose, 1 to 5 gr, '06 to 32 G. General action of iron salts.-Fe" is estimd. in soln. by titratn. with pot. bichrom. with pot. ferricyanide as indicator. Iron has an astring. and irritnt. actn. on stom. and intestns. Used to stop bleeding, in anaemia, chlorosis, scrofula, &c. (increases corpuscles and amount of iron in blood). Used intern. to diminish discharges in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery, leucorrh., in 77 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. haematuria, cardiac and renal dropsy. Iron salts form inky mixtures when tannin is pre- sent, e.g. Mist. Ferri Arom. GLYCERINUM (* F. G.).-C, H.(HO),. A tri- hydric alcohol obtaind. by saponifying fats; a colorlss. sweet, oily liquid sol. in aq. and alcohol. Of sp. gr. 1:25 (B.P.). It prevents the pptn. of many metals by alkalies. Dose, 1 to 23, 3 to 7 c.C. Used as a laxative and emollient and solvent of other drugs. HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM (* F. G.).-Biniodide, red iodide, of Hg. HgI2. Pptd. by KI from the perchloride, washed, and dried at 100° C. (212°F.). A red powder becoming yell. when gently heated, very spar. Sol. in aq., spar. in alcoh., freely in ether, volat. below red- ness. Dose, 1/32 to 1/8 gr., 002 to 008 G. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM FLAVUM ET RUBRUM (* F. G.).-HgO. Yell. oxide of mercury pp.d. from the perchlor. by caustic soda and dried at 100° C. (212° F.). Red oxide by triturtng. nitrate of Hg" with Hg and heating, till acid ceases to come off. Both sol. in HCl, formg. HgCl2. HYDRARGYRI PERCHLORIDUM (* F. G.). –Corrosive sublimate. HgCl2. Prepd. by sub- mittng, a mixt. of persulpht. of Hg and chloride of sod. to sublimtn. Heavy white crysts. wh. melt 265° C., boil 295° C., vol. at ordinary temps. Sol. in aq., alcohl., and ether; 100 pts. aq. dissolv. 5; pts. at 0°C., 64 pts. at 10°C. and 78 PHARMACISTs' Pocket-Book. 59 pts. at 100°C. It requires 24 pts. alcoh, at ordinary temp., and rather more (less?) ether. Sp. gr. 5:42; vap. dens. 5-4. The salt vol. from its boilg. alcoh, or etherl. solns. Taste acrid and metall. Poison. Dose, 1/16 to 1/8 gr., 004 to 008 G. HYDRARGYRI PERSULPHAS (F)—HgSO,. A heavy white powd. prepd. by dissolving Hg, 20 oz., in sulph. acid. 123, and evapg. till dry; Sharp salite metall. taste. Melts above red heat and vol. with partial decomposition. HYDRARGYRI SUBCHLORIDUM (* F. G.). —Calomel, HgCl. A white heavy powder, al- most tasteless, prpd. by submittg. a mixt. of per- sulpht. of Hg, metall. Hg, and chlord. of sod. to sublimtn. and washing the powder to remove HgCl2. Vol. below red ht. without fusion, non- vol. at ordinry. temps. Insol. in aq., alcoh., ether. HgCl is ppd. on addg. a chloride to mercurous salt (Hg). Dose, 1/2 to 5 gr., 03 to 32 G. HYDRARGY RUM AMMONIATUM (* G.).- White precipitate. NH.HgCl. A white powder, pp.d. from soln. of HgCl, by Am H.O. Not acted upon by alcoh, and ether, slightly by aq.; vol. without fusn. below redness. HYDRARGY RUM (* F.). — Quicksilver, Hg. Mercury, is a brilliant white metal of sp. gr. 13:5. Fuses ab. -40°C., B.P.349°C., slight. vol. at ordnry. temps. Sol. in HNO3, boilg. H2SO, Cl water, insol. in HCl, hot or cold. Purfd. by contact with cold conc. H2SO, or with nitrate 79 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. of Hg. Prop. and uses of Hg and its compds. : metal sometimes given in quant, to remove ob- structns. in intestns. Appli. to skin or lungs as vap., or as (Hg') salts to skin it is absorbed. Prod. salivtn. with fever symp., then tremors and paralysis, brain affectns. Stimults. upper small intstns. and removes bile, disinfects cont. of intestns. Acts as alteratv., and causes breakg. up of syphill, and other deposits and adhesns. HYDRARGY RUM CUM CRETA (*).-Mer- cury 1 pt., prepa. chalk 2 pts., rubbed together. Dose, 3 to 8 gr., 19 to 52 G. IODOFORM (* F. G.).-CHI, Shing. yell. cryste. scales slight. Sol. in aq., spar. in rect. sprt., sol. in ether and chlorfm.; solns. neutral. : smell very charactrstc. Ppd. by action of I on alcoh. mixd. with pot. carb. Melts when warmed, vol. on ignitn. Dose, 1/2 to 3 gr., '03 to 19 G. Antisept. and deodorzr., local anaesthetc. Weakens circultn. ; and acts on nerv. systm. prodg. narcosis., on brain prodg.insomnia, head- ache, mania, melancholia, &c. Prevents formtm. of giant cells. Used in dressg. wounds, chancres, sores, &c., to lessen smell in ozaena, &c. IODUM (* F. G.).-I. Dark scales with metall. lustr. liberatd. from kelp salts and other salts contg. it. Fuses at 107° C. (225°. F.), boils 175° C. (347° F.), with violet vaprs. Spar. sol. in aq., 1 pt. in 7000, freely in water contg. iodides or AmNOa, AmCl; sol. in alcoh., ether with brown, in CS2 with viol. colr. Free I strikes blue colr. with starch soln. Estimtd. by titr, with 80 PHARMACISTs' Pocket-Book. Na2S2O, and starch indictr. Dose of tinct., 5 to 20 ml. Acts as rubefacnt. and genrl. sialag., as alteratv. Causes absorptn. of enlarg. glands; and poisong. (iodism) in excess. Aphrodsc. in small doses, powerfly, anaphrodsc. in larger doses. Applied to skin to destroy parasit. and fungi, to cause absorp. of tumrs., serum, &c., to remove consoldtn. of lung; in ozºena, bronchit., phthis., &c. Rarely given internally. LITHII CARBONAS (* F. G.)-Li,CO, White grains or powder spar. sol. in aq. (150 pts. cold aq.), insol. in alcoh. Dissolv. with efferv. in HCl, formg. chloride wh. colrs, flame red, and gives ppt. with sod. phosphate. Dose, 3 to 6 gr., • 19 to 39 G. LITHII CITRAS (* F.). — Li, C.H.O., 4 Aq. White crys. sol. in aq., leavg. carbte. mixd. with C on ignitn. Ppd. by dissol. the carbte., 5 pts., in citric acid, 9 pts. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 G. LITHIUM.–Li is the alkali metal of lowest at. wt. (9); compds, more poisms. than Na and K compds. Urate of Li very sol. therefr. givn. in gout, gravel, &c., and to prevnt. acid in urine. MAGNESIA LEVIS et POND. (* F. G.).-MgO. White powdrs. made by igntn. of correspa. carbnts. Volume per equal wt. 3} to 1. Dose, 10 to 60 gr., '65 to 3.9 G. MAGNESII CARBONAS LEVIS et POND. (* F. G.).-(MgCO,), Mg(HO), 4 Aq. White 81 PHARMACISTS' PockeT-BOOK. powdrs., lev. made by ppg. from sulpht. with cold sod. carb. Soln. ; pond. in the same way, but hot, followed by evap. and digestn. of resid.; washed in both cases, and dried at 100° C. (212°F). Dose, 10 to 60 gr., '65 to 3.9 G. MAGNESII SULPHAS (* G.).-Epsom salts. Mg2SO4, 7 Aq. Colorlss. crys, with bitter taste, obtaind. from dolomite and other sources. The principl. activ. ingred. of bitter purg, waters. 100 pts. aq. dissol. 25.7 pts, of anhyd. mag. sulph. at 0°C.; hyd. crys. sol. in 4 pt. aq. at 20° C. 5. Dose, 60 gr. to 1 oz., 4 to 28 G. MAGNESIUM.–Mg is an alkaline earth metal, with proprts. between earth and alk. earth metals. Compas, used as antacid and laxtv. in gout, and to make urine alkaln. MANGANESII OXIDUM NIGRUM (* F.).- MnO2. More or less impure black oxide of Mn (MnO2), sol. in hydrochl. acid with evoltn. of Cl gas. Principal use: preparation of C1. MARMOR ALBUM (F.). — CaCO3. Native marble, sol. in hydrochl. acid with evolm. of CO2 gas. Principal use: preparation of CO2. MENTHOL.-Cio Huo (HO). A camphor depostd. on coolg. the vol. oil from Mentha arvensis, D.C., and M. piperita (American). Melts 41°–43°, C. and vol. at 100° C. Dose 1/2 to 2 gr., '03 to 13 G. Antispasmodic and rubefacient. Adul- terants: spermaceti, palaff, wax, salicin, sali- cylic acid, thymol, &c. G 82 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-Book. MORPHINAE ACETAS (* G.). — C, H, NO, HC, H2O2, 3H2O. White powd. sol. in aq. (2} pts.), and spri. Dose, 1/8 to 1/2 gr., '008 to 032 G. MORPHINAE HYDROCHLORAS (* F. G.).- C. His NOA, HCl, 3H2O. White powd. or silky prisms, sol. in aq. (24 pts.), and spri. Dose, 1/8 to 1/2 gr., 008 to 032 G. MORPHINAE SULPHAS (* F. G.)-(C, His NOs), H2SO, 5 H2O. Colorlss. silky needles, sol. in aq. (24 pts.), and sprt. Dose, 1/8 to 1/2 gr., 008 to 032 G. MORPHINA (* F.). —The salts are pprl. by add- ing the acid to the alkald. Arrests oxidatn. in blood; irrit., afterwds. deprss., spin. cord; hyp- notic, anodyne, myotic, lessens exctmnt. of resprtry. centr, ; antisialc.; local and genrl. sedatv. (intestns., larynx, &c.); antidote, p. 359. Used as emet., expectorant, &c., vide Opium. OLEA.—See Notes on Mat. Med. organic portn. OS USTUM (G.).-Bone Ash. Ca, P.O., with CaCO, (10% abt.), CaF2, Mg,F.O., &c., in smaller quant. PARAFFINUM DUR. ET MOLL. (F. G.).- Paraff. Waz (dur.) is white solid, without taste or smell, seprted. from shale oil by refrigtn. ; also from petrolm. (some), wood and coal tar, &c. Consts, of C abt. 85%. Habt. 15% and is princp. higher paraffins. CnH2n+2. Melts (32°–80° C. Allen),43-3°–62: 8°C. (B.P.). Sp. gr. 82 to '94, Paraff dur. of M.P. 77° C. resemb. beeswax, 83 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. but fractr. not conchoid.l. Insol. in aq. hot or cold, insol. in rect. sprt. and cold absol. alcoh., sol. in boilg. absol. alcoh., sol. in ether, petr. sprt., shale napht., kerosene, benzene, essent. oils, warm fat oils. Oxid. by HMnO, HNO3: hot paraff. fused with S gives H2S, C, &c. PARFF. MOLL. (* F. G.).-The less sol. portns. of petrol. after remov. of Paraff. Dur. It is colorlss. or pl. yell. fluoresct. semi-solid, free from taste and smell. Consists princip. of iso-paraff. ClaRIs, to Cao His with notable prop. of olefins (Allen). Sp. gr. ('803–1805 at 100°C., aq. at 15° C. = 1) '84-'87 at M.P. (B.P.); M.P. (40°–50° C. Allen), (35°–45. 5 or higher, B.P.) Insol. in aq; 92 % alcohol dissols. 2% of Germ. vaselln. Amer. Vaselln dissolv. freely in warm ether to liqd, with blue fluorsnc., clear or turbid on coolg. ; Germ. vas. to thick soln. depostg. on coolg. ; Russian to clear soln. turbid on coolg. Sol. in chlorfm., benzol (B.P.). Not alterd. by boilg. H2SO, (sp. gr. 1:60) nor boilg. HNOs (sp. gr. 1:18), oxid. by fumg. HNO, and by H2SO, (sp. gr. 1: 82). Not saponfd. by alkali, shd. be neutrl. in alcoh. Soln. Better if not refind, with acids, and sha. not contain fat oils. Synon. : ozokerine, fossiline, chrysine, cosmoline, saxoline, geoline, petrolina, vaseline, petroleum ielly. J Paraff. Dur. and P. Moll. do not becomerancid, and are used as subst. for fats in prepn. of ointments where absorptn. by skin not required. PHOSPHORUS (* F. G.). — A non-metall. colorlss., or yellowsh, wax-like solid of sp. gr. G 2 84 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. 1.77, M.P.-43.3° C. (1100 F). Very in- flammable, and shq. be handled with caution. Burns in air to P.O. Insol. in aq.; slightly sol. in ether, but more so in benzene, turp. oil, oils essent. and fixed; freely sol. in chloride of sul- phur, PCls, CS, Kept under water. Inflames in contact with Iod. Red phosp. is an isomor- phous modificatn. reconvertl. into ordinry. phosp. at 260° C., insol. in usual solvts, of phos. Both forms oxid. by HNO, give phospre. acid. Dose, 1/100 to 1/20 gr. Prop. and uses: acts upon bones, increasing their density, causes caries of lower jaw. Destroys glycogenic func- tions of liver, and causes fatty degeneration of liver, kidneys, &c. Poison. Used in nerv. debilty., neuralg., paralysis, impotence, loco- motor ataxia, leucocythaemia, osteomalacia, skin diseases. PHYSOSTIGMINA (F). – C.H.I.N.O. Syn. Eserine. Colorlss. or pinkish crys., obtaind. from Calabar bean by dissol. the alcoh. extract with aq., addg. sod. bicarb., shaking with ether, and evapting. Highly sol. in aq., sol. in alcoh. and dil. acids. For prop. see Notes on Mater. Med. Organic. Poison. PILOCARPINAE NITRAS (F.)—C, H.N.O., HNO3. Nitrate of an alkaloid, pilocarpine, from Jaborandi. White crys, powdr. or aciculr. crys. sol. in 8 or 9 pts. aq., spar. sol. in cold, freely in hot rect. sprt. Dose, 1/20 to 1/2 gr., 003 to 0.3 G. Prop. and uses: poison (antidote is atropine). Pilocarpine stim. effernt. nervs. of glands, stim, and afterwds, paral. effrnt. nervs. 85 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. of involunt, muscl. ; increases secretns, of sweat, saliva, tears, ear-wax, mucus, intest. juice, urine, milk. Produc. contractn. of pupil, in- creased peristalsis, depress, cardiac muscl.; causes strangury and retentn. of urine, con- tractn. of uterus and spleen, nausea, and vomit- ing. Uses: diseases of eye, skin (prurigo, chron. urticaria, baldness), kidneys, throat (ton- sillitis, diphtheria), chest, &c. Chiefly used in dropsy and uraemia from disease of kidneys. PLUMBI ACETAS (* F. G.).-Sugar of Lead, Pb(C.H.O.), 3 Aq. White crys. masses, prepd. by dissol. lead oxide in acetic acid and evapg. the (slightly acid) soln. Taste sweet and astringent, odour acetous. Gives pp. of Pb.I. with KI. Dose, 1 to 4 gr., '06 to 26 G. PLUMBI CARBONAS (* F. G.).- White Lead. Heavy white powd., prod. by actn. of CO2 on lead in presence of small quant. of acetic acid. PLUMBI IODIDUM (* F. G.).-Pb.I. Yellow crys. ppt. obtained by mixing solns. of lead acet. and pot. iod. ; sol in hot aq., insol. in cold. PLUMBI NITRAS (* F.).-Pb(NO,). Heavy colrls, crys., prep. by action of HNG, on lead, lead oxide, &c.; sweetish taste; sol. in aq. and alcoh. PLUMBI OXIDUM (* F. G.).-Litharge, PbO. Heavy reddish-yell. scales, prod. by roasting metall. lead. Lead is a powerful poison, with symp. :—colic, cramps, paral., wrist-drop, blue line on gums. 86 PHARMACISTs' 10CKET-BOOK. Lead poisng. occurs readily in gouty persons. Used princip. extern. in pruritus, eczema, otorrh., vulvitis, gonorrh., leucorrh., &c. In- term. as astring. in diarrh., &c., and to check interm. bleeding. POTASSA CAUSTICA (* F. G.). – Caustic Potash, Potassium Hydrate or Hydroxide, KHO. A white solid, obtained by boiling a soln. of pot. carb. with slaked lime, evap. and fusing. A powerful caustic. POTASSA SULPHURATA (* F. G.) – Sul- phurated Potash. A mixture of potass. salts, of which the chief is sulphide, obtained by fusing pot. carb. with sulphur. Solid greenish fragments, with alkaline and acrid taste, formg. a yell. aq. soln., which gives off H2S on treat. with dil. acids. Rect sprt. diss. abt. 50%, carb. and sulpht. being insol. Dose, 2 to 10 gr., 13 to '65 G. Prop. and uses: laxat.; stim. resp. muc. memb, and sweat-glands. Used extern. in place of sulph. ointment in scabies, acne, as injectn. for ascarides, as bath for rheumatm. Intern. as diaphrtic. in albuminuria, chron. bronchit., whoop. cough, croup, &c. POTASSII ACETAS (* F. G.). – KC.H.O. White foliac. satiny masses, prepd. by dissol. pot. carb. in acet. acid, evapg., and fusing: Action with indic. in titratn : litmus and phen.-acet. low results, ph.-phthln. good, me.- org. and rosol. acid useless. Deliq., sol. in rect sprt. Dose, 10 to 60 gr., '65 to 4 G. Prop. and uses: diuretic and indirect antacid, purgatv, in large doses (120 guns, and up.). 87 PHARMACISTs' Pocket-Book. POTASSII BICARBONAS (* F. G.).-Acid Carb. of Potash, KHCO3. Colorlss. crys, non- deliq., prepd. by saturtng, pot. carb. with CO2. Dose, 10 to 40 gr., 65 to 2: 6 G. Uses: extern. to relieve itchng, intern. as antacid and for deposit in urine. POTASSII BICHROMAS (* F. G.). – Red Chromate, K2Cr, O. Large red four-sided crys., prepd. by actn. of oxidizing fluxes on Cr2O3. Gives pps. sol. in nitric acid with Ba and Ag salts. Prop. and uses: poison. Causes vomitg., diarrh., bloody stools, feeblnss, and genrl. clonic movemts. Has been used with KI and AgNO3 in tabes dorsalis; in doses of # to 1% gr., in dyspep. simulating. cancer of stomach. POTASSII BROMIDUM (* F. G.). – KBr. Colorlss. cub. crys., sal. taste, sol. in aq., less sol. in sprt., prepd. by acting upon KHO with Br and destroying the KBrO, with carbon. Purity determ. by titratn. with silver soln. Dose, 5 to 30 gr., 32 to 2 G. Prop. and uses: impairs functn. of brain and spin. cord, prodg. bromism. Used in nerv. diseas. to allay excitmt., prod. sleep, diminish spasm; in convul. nerv. dis. (whoop. cough, spasm, asthma, &c.); in epilepsy, sickness, as anaphro- disc.; menorrhg., neuralg., &c. POTASSII CARBONAS (* F. G.).-Potash, K2COs, 1% Aq. White crys, powd., caustic taste and react., deliq., sol. in aq., insol. in alcoh., prepd. from plant ashes and by Leblanc process 88 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. from pot. sulpht. Dose, 10 to 30 gr., '65 to 2 G. Irrit. poison rarely used intern., extern. to remov. itching, &c. POTASSII CHLORAS (* F. G.). — KClO,. Flat., colorlss, crys. prepd. by action of chlorine upon moist. myt. of pot. carb. and slaked lime. Gives off oxygen on ignitn.; explodes when tritrd. with sulphur or sulphides. Solns. give no pp. with silver solns. Spar. sol. in cold aq., insol. in absol. alcoh. Dose, 10 to 30 gr., '65 to 2 G. Prop. and uses: poison in large doses; in small, raises (first depress.) blood pressr. and hastens pulse, large doses stop respirtn. and destroy bla. pressr. Applied locally to mouth for ulceratn, &c., as gargle in folliclr. pharyngit., as enema in dysentry. Intern. in croup, diphther., spasm of larynx; to arrest catarrh. ; in chron. muc. diarrh., bronchit., dropsy (diuret.). Much used in prepn. of oxygen. POTASSII CITRAS (*).-K.C.H.O. White powd., deliq., very sol. in aq., prepa, by actn. of citric acid on pot. carb. Gives pp. with lime water on boilg. Dose, 20 to 60 gr., 1-3 to 4 G. Prop. and uses: indirct. antacid, diuretic, antiscorbtc. POTASSII CYANIDUM (* F)—KCN. White, opaq., deliq., crys. masses, prepd. by ignit. of K. FeCys. Sol. in aq. and alcoh., sha. contn. abt. 90% real KCy. Evolv, HCy with acids. Poison, see p. 366. 89 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. POTASSII FERROCYANIDUM (* F)—Yell. pruss. of pot., K. FeCe Nº. 3 Aq. Large yell. crysts., non-deliq., sol. in aq., insol. in alcoh., prepſl. by fusing nitrogens, animl. matter with pot. carb. and iron. Evolv, HCy with hot dil. sulph. acid. Has not the intense pois. actn. of cyanides. POTASSII IODIDUM (* F. G.). —KI. Colorlss. cubc. crys., very sol. in aq., less sol. in alcoh., prepd. by adding iod. to KHO in soln. and removg. iodate by ignit. of the solid with carbon. React. neutr. when pure, but oftn. alkaln. Shd. give no blue react. with HCl and starch soln. (iodate). AgI is nearly insol. in Liq. Ammon. Dose, 2 to 20 gr., 13 to 1.3 G. Prop. and uses: readily absorb. into blood, causes rapid metamorph. of albumns. tissues. Prod, irritn. of muc. memb. of nose, eyes, bronch. tub., con- gestn. of bronch. muc. memb., haemoptysis, pneumon. consolidtn. Diuret. and anaphrodisc. Chiefly used in syphil. rheumat., scrofula, poisng. by Pb and Hg (which it eliminates), enlargd. glands, in hypertrophy of organs, numerous skin diseases, dropsy (diuretc.). Used as emmenagogue. POTASSII NITRAS (* F. G.).-Nître, KNO,. Colorlss. crys. or crystn. masses, which deflagrate with carbon at red heat. Cool taste. Sol. in aq., insol. in absol. alcoh. Dose, 10 to 30 gr., '65 to 2 G. Prop. and uses: poison in large doses. Given intern. for bronchit., asthma, relaxed sore throat, dyspepsia, hæmorrhg. It lessens irritablty. of card, ganglia and slows 90 PHARMACISTS' PockeT-Book. the heart. Used as alteratv. in scurvy, rheu- matism, gout, &c. As diuret., and bladder stimult. ; to prevent head.che after debauch. POTASSII PERMANGANAS (* F. G.). – KMnO,. Dark purple prismtc. cryst., obtaind. by fusing oxide of Mn with KHO and KClOs. Sol. in aq. to intense purple soln. (Condy's fluid), decompsd. by alcoh. and organic subst. generally. Decompes, many dry organic subst, so made into pills with vasellene, paraffin, and kaolin. Dose, 1 to 5 gr., '06 to 32 G. Prop. and uses: as a disinfectnt. and wash for wounds, sores, ulcers, in ozaena, &c. As gargle in foetid ulceratn. and in diphther., mercurl. stomatit., &c. Used in amenorrhoea. POTASSII SULPHAS (* F. G.). – K2SO,. Colorlss, crysts, spar. sol. in aq., insol. in alcoh. Dose, 15 to 60 gr., '97 to 3-88 G. Used as a saline purg. in dyspep., albuminur., bilious- int-SS. POTASSII TARTRAS (* F. G.).-K.C, H, O, H2O. Colorlss. prisms prepa. by neutralising the acid tartrate with pot. carb. Blackens on heat- ing and leaves pot. carb. and carbon, the former may be titratd. with standard acid. Sol. in 1 pt. aq. Dose, 60 gr. to 1/2 oz., 3' 88 to 14. 1 G. Uses: in small doses to alkalize the blood and act as diuretic, antilithic; in larger as purgatv. POTASSII TARTRAS ACIDA (F)—Cream of Tartar, KHC, H, Os. Salt depositd. from grape juice and wine lees. Spar. sol. in aq., insol. in sprt. Blackens on ignition, leaving less % 91 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. carbte. than pot. tart. Taste and reaction acid. Dose, 20 to 60 gr., 1-3 to 3.9 G. Uses and action in blood as pot, tart.; in to 3 oz. doses as purg. in dropsy, Bright's disease, dysent, piles, prolaps. ani. Causes no peristalsis. POTASSIUM (K, At, wt. 39) is an alkali-metal resembling sodium ; its salts are more easily absorbed and secreted and occur principally in solid tissues; sod. salts in the fluids. Pot. salts paralys. motor nerv, and nerve-centres, they are antagonistic to barium. Inject. into veins they paral. heart, in circulation cause fall of bla.- pressr. and slow pulse. - PYROXYLIN (*.G.).-Gun-cotton. Dinitrocellu- lose, prepared by actn. of nitric and sulphuric acids on cotton. Its soln. in ether-alcohol (collo- dion) is used as dressing to skin, wounds, &c. QUININAE HYDROCHLORAS (* F. G).- C20H2, N2O.HCl, 2 Aq. Crys. like quin. sulph. but rather larger, prepl. from quinine and HCl. Sol. in cold aq. 34 pts., sprt. 3 pts. ; very sol. in same liqds, boilg. Dose, 1 to 10 gr., 406 to 65 G. Uses as quin. sulph. QUININAE SULPHAS (* F. G.).-((C, H, N, O.), H2SO), 15 Aq. Filiform silky white crysts. prepai. from quinine and H2SO, Spar.sol. in. aq., 700 or 800 pts., more sol. in dilute sulph. acid; sol. fluoresct. Should not contn. more than 5% of other alkald. sulpts. Dose, 1 to 10 gr., 06 to 65 G. Quinine (see p. 448), an alkaloid prepd. from var. spec. of Cinchona. It is pp.d. from its solns, by 92 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. - AmBO and ppt. is dissolv. by ether. The solns. treatd. with C1 then Am HO give green tint. (thall. test). It lessens protoplasmic movemnts., arrests fermentn., and is antiseptic; causes increased saliva, and appetite, sometimes nausea, contractn. of spleen, increased strength of circultn. in small doses, in large diminished heart actn. and bla.-pressr. Mod. doses quicken respirtn., diminsh. tissue chnge. and lower temp. Is a general nerve tonic, but in large doses causes cinchonism, in still larger poison- ing. Used as tonic, antiperiod., antipyretic. Other Cinchona alkaloids similar action, but less active. SACCHARUM LACTIS (* F. G.).-Sugar of Milk, Cl2.H2O2. Crystn. masses obtaind. from whey of milk. Sol. in cold aq. (7 pts.), in boilg. aq. (1 pt.), insol. in alcoh., ether, chlorofm. Used as an excipient. SACCHARUM (* F. G.).-Sugar. Loaf sugar as in commerce prepa. from beet-roots, or better from the cane, and purifd. (Sacch. Purif) by the action of animal char. and cryststn. Beet and cane sugar are considered not identical, the latter sweeter. Used as antiseptic, preservative, corrigent, and vehicle for other med. SALICINUM (*).-Cia HisO. A crystn, gluco- side from Salix alba, and var. spec. of Populus. Colorlss. shining crysts., with bitter taste. Sol. in cold aq. (28 pts.) and sprt. (28 pts.), insol. in ether. Dose, 3 to 20 gr., 19 to 1:29 G. 93 PHARMACISTS' PoCKET-BOOK. Action similar to salicyl. acid, but feebler. Used as antipyret. and in headaches. SANTONINUM (* F. G.).-C. HisO2. A crystn. neutr. principle from Santonica q.v. Colorlss. flat crysts., bitter taste, wh: fuse and sublime at gentle heat. Very spar. sol. in cold aq., spar. in hot, sol. in chlorfm. and boilg. sprt. Dose, 2 to 6 gr., 13 to 39 G. Used as a ver- micd. for round worms, useless for tape. Causes coloured vision and bright yell. urine. Poison in large doses, causing paralys. of cerebrum, re- spirtn., and stimul. of medulla with convulsns. Treatment: chlorfm. and artific], resprin. SAPO, DURUS ET MOLLIS (* F. G.).-A Soap is the salt of any fatty acid, but the term is generally restricted to soda (hard) and potash (soft) soaps. B.P. soaps are from olive oil. SODA CAUSTICA (* F.)-NaHO. Hydrate of sodium prepd. by actn. of slaked lime on dil. soln. of sod. carb. Hard white pieces or sticks, sol. in aq. and alcoh. to strongly caustic liquid, of intense alkal. reactn., neutrlsng. acids. Uses similar to Pot. Caust., but less powerful. SODA TARTARATA (* F.).-NaKC, H,0s, 4 Aq. Potassic sodic tartrate prepd. by neutralis- ing cream of tartar with sod. carb. and crystng. Colorlss. crys, tasting like common salt. Leaves mixt. of carbon, sod. carbon and pot. carb. on ignition wh: may be titrated. Sol. in 2.4 pts, aq. at 11° C. Dose, 1/4 to 1/2 oz., 7} to 15 G. Diuretic, 30 to 60 gr., 1.94 to 3.9 G. 94 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. Principally used as purgtv, also as diuret. It alkalises blood and urine. SODIIARSENIAS (* F.).-Na.HAsO, 12 Aq, to 7 Aq. Colorlss. transpar. prisms prepd. by fusing As2O3 (10 pts.), NaNO3 (84 pts.), Na2CO3 (dried) (53 pts.), dissolvg. the melt and crystng, Has 12 aq. when fresh, becoming 7 aq. on exposure to air, and anhydrs. at 148.9°C. (300°F.). Dose, 1/16 to 1/8 gr., '004 to 008 G. Prop. and uses: poison; same as arsenious acid. SODII BICARBONAS (* F. G.). – NaHCO,. White powd. obtaind. by saturat. sod. carb. with CO, or by reaction of NaCl and bicarb. of Am. Its solution gives white ppt. (not red) with soln. of HgCl2. At a red heat it becomes Na2CO3, same change on boiling its soln. Permanent in air. Dose, 10 to 60 gr., '65 to 3.9 G. Prop. and uses: alkaline taste and reaction. Used as a wash and lotion. Stimul. gastric juice, and used in dyspep. ; antacid; given in diabetes, in diarrh., and marasmus of infants. Given to relieve frontal headache, to soften bronchial secretion. SODII BROMIDUM (* F. G.).-NaBr. Granular white powd., deliq., sol. in aq. (less than 2 pts.), less sol. in sprt. Cl liberates Br from NaBr. Dose, 10 to 30 gr., '65 to 1.9 G. Prop. and uses: similar to KBr, but less irritg. to stomach. SODII CARBONAS (* F. G.).-Washing soda, Na,COs, 10 Aq. The ordinary salt of com- merce. Strongly alkaline, 20 gr, neutrl. 9.8 95 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. gr. citric and 10% gr. tartaric acid. Generally used as a raw material. SODII CHLORIDUM (* F. G.).-Common salt, NaCl. Ordinary table salt. Prop, and uses: salt is essential to food; extern. as stimul. to skin, as a wash to wounds; a soln. of to 1% salt does not destroy vitality of tissues and blood; internally as an enema to destroy ascarides; as an emetic; to diminish secretn. of mucus by children suffering from worms. SODII HYPOPHOSPHIS (* F)—NaPH,0,. White granul. salt prepd. by reactn. of sod. carb. and calc. hypophos. CaCO3, is filtrú. off and filtrate evapd. to dryness. Deliq., sol. in aq. and in sprt., insol. in ether. At a red heat evolves PHs, which inflames. Oxid. to phosphate by oxidizing reagents. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 35 G. Prop. and uses: used as a nerve stimulnt. in nervs. debil., in anaemia, &c., to increase digestn, and nutritn. Much used in early stage of phthisis, to promote the removal of effused products affording a nidus to bacillus tuberculosis. SODII IODIDUM (* F. G.).-NaI. Dry white crystn. deliq. powd. Prepd. in a manner similar to KI, but using soln. of soda, Readily sol. in aq. and sprt. Strength found by titratn, with AgNO3. SODII NITRAS (* F. G.).-Chili nitre, NaNO,. Colorlss. crys, with cool saline taste used in prep. of sod. arseniate. 96 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. SODIIPHOSPHAS (* F. G.).-Sod. diphosphate, Na2HPO, 12 Aq. Colorlss. efflores. crys. prepd. from sod. carb. and phosphoric acid or acid phosphate of calcium. Dose, 1/4 to 1 oz., 7 to 28 G. Used as (tasteless) purgatv. and in hepatic derangements of children: as an altera- tive (20 to 40 gr.). SODII SALICYLAS (* F. G.).-(NaC, H.O.), Aq. Colorlss, cryst. scales prepd. by action of salicylic acid on sod. carb. or caustic soda. Sol. in aq., spar. in alcohl. Conc. soln. gives redd.- brown tint with ferric chlord., dilute soln, a violet tint. Alkanine ash (Na2CO3) on ignition. Dose, 10 to 30 gr., '65 to 1.9 G. Prop. and uses similar to the acid, but not antiseptic. Given in fever to reduce temp., useful in chron. rheumtsm. and to remove headache. Prevents formatn. of gall stones by rendering bile watery. SODII SULPHAS (* F. G.).-Glauber's salts, Na2SO, 10 Aq. Transpar. prisms with bitter saline taste, prepared from salt cake by neu- tralng. and crysting. from water. Dose, 1/4 to 1 oz., 7 to 28 G. Principally used as purgtv., useful in bilious disorders, ulcer of stomach, chron. gastritis, dilation of stomach, chron. constiptn. ; congestion of brain, abdomnl. and pelvic organs, &c. Carlsbad water contains this salt with sod. bicarb. and others. SODII SULPHIS (*).—Na2SO, 7 Aq. Color- lss. transparnt, efflores, prisms prepd. by action of sulphurous acid on sod. carb, or caust. soda. Sol. in aq., very sol. in sprt. Dose, 5 to 97 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-book. 20 gr. ; 32 to 1-3 G or even up to 3i. (3.9 G.). Used as a mouth wash in aphthae and given in yeasty vomiting to destroy torulae and sarcinae. SODII SULPHOCARBOLAS (*)—NaC.H.SO, 2 Aq. Colorlss, transprint. prisms, prepd. by dis- solving carbolic acid in sulphuric acid, prepar- ing the Ba salt from this, and then the Nasalt by double decomp, with sod. carb. Sol. in aq., less sol. in sprt., to neutr. solns, which (dilute) give violet tint with Ferri. Perchlor. Yields resid. of Na2SO, on ignition. Dose, 10 to 15 gr., 65 to '97 G. Used in flatulence, dyspep- sia, in phthisis, septic conditions. SODIL VALERIANAS.—NaC.H.O. Dry white masses prepò. from valer. acid and sod. carb. Sol. in aq. and in sprt. to neutr. solns. Dose, 1 to 5 gr., '06 to 32 G. Used as antispas- modic in hysteria. SODIUM, At. wt. 23, is an alkali metal less posi- tive than K; its salts are less readily absorbed and secreted than K salts; they paral. muscle and nerve less powerfully than K salts, and have less action upon involuntary muscles of heart and intestn. Sod. urate less sol. than pot. and lith. urates. SPIRITUS AFTHERISCO.-Hoffman's Amodyne, Colorlss. volat, fluid, prepd. by mixing sulphuric acid, fl. 3 36, rect, sprt., fl. 3 40, and distillg. after standing 24 hrs. The distill. is in three layers—ether, water, oil of wine; after remov- ing acid with lime water, the oil of wine is h 98 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. seprtd. and the ether is remov. from it by spon- taneous evapor. (12 hrs.). The oil, 33, is then mixed with ether, fl. 38, and rect, sprt., fl. 3 16. Oil of wine is either ethyl sulphate, (C.H.).S.O., ethyl sulphite, (C.H.).SOs, and a polymer of ethylene, or else a sulphovinate of a hydro- carbon radicle. Dose, 30 m) to 32, 1-8 to 7 c.C. Prop. similar to Spir. AEther. SPIRITUS AETHERIS NITROSI (* F. G.).-- Sweet (spirits of) nitre. A soln. of nitrous compds., aldehyd., &c., in sprt.; prepd. by distill. rect, sprt., sulphuric acid, and copper (U.S.P., a 5 % soln, of ethyl nitrite). Treatd. in nitro- méter with KI and H2SO, should yield 7 times its volume of nitric oxide (NO) (fresh), not much less than 5 vols. after keeping. Dose, 3 1/2 to 32, 1-9 to 77 c.C. Diaphor, and diuretic. SPIRITUS RECT.-Wide Alcohol. STRYCHN INA (* F.).-C, H.N.O.. An alka- loid prepd. from Nux Vomica. Colorlss. square octahedn. or prisms; for properties vide p. 454. Dose, 1/30 to 1/12 gr., '002 to 005 G. Prop. and uses: Poison. It stim. spin. cord and reflex. nerve centres, vaso-motor, re- spiraty., &c., generally. Given as a gastric tonic in dyspep., as a tonic in anaemia, head- ache, to check night sweats, as a mental stimu- lant, in some forms of paralysis, and as an aphrodisiac. SULPHUR PRAECIP (* F.G.).-Milk of Sulphur. Nearly white powd., prepa, by boilg. S with QQ PHARMACISTS' POCRET BOOK. lime, and decompg. the calcium sulphide and hyposulphite with HC1. Should be free from CaSO, Dose, 20 to 60 gr., 1-3 to 3.9 G. as a laxative : as an alterative, 10 gr., 65 G. SULPHUR SUBLIM. (* F. G.).-Flowers (not flour) of Sulphur. Sulphur crys, prepd. by subli- mtn. Dose, 20 to 60 gr., 1:3 to 3.9 G. SULPHURIS IODIDUM (*)-Greyish black crystn. lumps, wh: smell like I, and stain skin. Decomp. on boilg. with aq., iodine passing off. Prepd. by fusing the mixed ingredients Iod. 4, Sulp. Subl. 1. For uses see Iodine. 'THERIA CA (* F.).-Treacle. The uncrystallised residue from refining of sugar. See Foods. THYMOL (* F. G.).-C, His HO. The stearop- tene of the vol. oils of common Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Horse Mint (Monarda punctata), and Carum Ajowan. It is prepa. by agitatg. the oil with 20% soln. of caust. soda, and treatg. the aqueous layer with HCl to separate the Thymol. A better plan is to separate from crude oil by exposure to cold (0°C.). Large oblique prismſ. cryst., sp. gr., 1:02; B. P. 230°C.; sol. in 1200 pts. cold, 900 boilg. aq., in rect sprt. 1 pt., ether, chlorfm., benzene, petr, sprt., oils, acetic acid, alkalies. It is a plenol homolgs. with car- bolic acid and cresylic acid; it gives no colortn. with ferric chloride. Dose, 1/2 to 2 gr., '03 to 13 G. Prop. and uses: disinfectant, local anaestlet. and irritant. It paralyses the nerve centres in spin. cord and medulla, slows H 2 100 PHARMACISTs' Pocker-BOOK. resprtn., and lowers blood pressr. and temp. Used as antiseptic dressing, in skin diseases, as a gargle, and injection in ozaena; intern. in diabetes and vesical catarrh. W ERATRINE (* F. G.). — An alkaloid prepa. from Cevalilla by pouring a concent. tinct. into cold aq. (to precip. albumen) and throwing down the alkaloid from the filtered liquid by ammonia. It is purifd. by soln. in HCl, treatment with char. and repreciptn. Pale, grey, amorph.. odorlss.; irritg. to nostrils; insol. in aq., sol. in sprt., ether, acids (fluoresct.), vide p. 456. Vera- trine has no marked action on brain and spin. cord, but applied to muscle acts powerfully, increasing the period of contraction. Motor and sensory nerves are first stimul. then |. lysed. Small doses quickn. pulse, raise blood pressr., and quickn. respirtn. ; moderate and large doses reverse this action. The temp...is lowered. It is used rarely internally because uncertain and dangerous; locally as unguent for neuralgia. Poison. ZINCI ACETAS (* F. G.).-Zn(C.H.O.), 2 Aq. Prepd. from zinc carb. and acet. acid. Thin transluc. colorlss, crystn. pearly plates. Dose 1 to 2 gr. ; '06 to 12 G. (tonic); 10 to 20 gr., '65 to 1.3 G. (emetic). Uses similar to the sulphate. - ZINCI CARBONAS (* F.).-ZnCOs, (Zn 2 HO), Aq. Precipd. from zinc sulpht, by sod, carb. Uses as oxide. 101 PHARMACISTs. POCKET-Book. ZINCI CHLORIDUM (* F. G.). -ZnCl2. Color- lss. opaque caustic rods or tablets; sol. in aq., alcoh., or ether. Prepd. from Zn and HCl re- moving iron and lead if present with chlorine and zinc-carb. Used as a caustic, as an injec- tion (1 or 2 gr. per pint), in gonorrh., as a disinfect. and deodorzr., &c. ZINCI OXIDUM (* F. G.). -ZnO. Soft white tastiss., odorlss, powdr., yellow when hot. Dose, 2 to 10 gr., 13 to 65 G. Used intern. as nerv. tonic and astringt. in nerv. headache, epilepsy, hysteria, &c., to check sweating in phthisis and secretn. in bronchitis; extern. in intertrigo, as ointment (eczema, &c.). ZINCI SULPHAS (* F. G.).-White vitriol, Zn SO, 7 Aq. Colorlss. transparent crys. somewhat resembling mag. sulpht., prepò. from Zn and 2SO4. Dose, 1 to 3 gr., '06 to 19 G. (tonic); 10 to 30 gr., '65 to 1.9 G. (emetic). Used as astring. lotion in gonorrh., leucorrh. ; as a wash in ophthalmia, gangrene of mouth; as a gargle in relaxed throat, enlarged uvula and tonsils. Intern. as an emetic, as an astringt. in diarrh.. and dysentery. As a tonic in flatulence and distentn. of colon, as a nerve tonic in con- vulsv. diseases (e. g. chorea, epilepsy, hysteria), in spasmdc. affectns. of invol. muscl. fibre (e. g. angina pectoris, spasmd. asthma). ZINCI SULPHOCARBOLAS.–Zn(C.H.SO), Aq. Colorlss. trnsprint. tabular efflor, crysts. prepd. by heating a mixtr. of carbolic and sul- 102 PHARMACISTS' PockFT-Book. phuric acids, and saturating with ZnO, Sol. in 2 pts. of aq. or sprt. Useful as an injectn. (2 to 3 grs. per 5 of aq.) in gonorrh.. and leucorrhoea. ZINCI VALERIANAS (* F.) – Zn(C.H.O.), White pearly tabular crysts, prepa, by double decomp from zinc. sulpht. and sod. valerianate, or from valerianic acid and ZnO. Spar. sol, in cold aq. or alcoh., sol. in hot aq. or alcoh. Dose, 1 to 3 gr., '06 to 19 G. Used in chorea, epilepsy, and neuralgia. ZINCUM GRANULATUM.–Zinc melted and poured into water. 103 PHARMACists' POCKET-BOOK. NOTES ON MATERIA MEDICA, UNITED STATES PHARMACOPOEIA. OFFICIAL, ORGANIC SUBSTANCEs of INDEFINITE Composition NoT INCLUDED IN THE B.P. gr. = grain; G = gramme; refers to note on Mat. Med. B.P. ABSINTHIUM (F. G.). — Wormwood. (Compositae.) Leaves and tops of Artemisia Absinthium. Loc. N. U.S.; der. from the old world. Cont, a vol. oil and a bitter princip. absinthin. Dose (of powder), 20 to 40 gr., 1-3 to 2-6 G. The bitter prin. stimul, the digestv. organs; the vol. oil is a narcotic poison. Used as bitter stomach. tonic in atonic dyspep. ; is said to be anthelmintic. ALLIUM (F.).-Garlic. (Liliaceae.) Bulb of Allium sativum. Loc. Europe; cult. Cont, a vol oil (sulphide of allyl) which is irritnt, when applied to skin, and acts in- tern. as nerv. stimul., carminatv., expectrnt., diuretc., diaphortc., emmenagog., anthelmintic. ALTHAEA (F. G.).-Marsh Mallow. (Malvaceae.) Root of Althaea officinalis. Loc. N. America, but generally import. from Europe. Cont. veg. mucus, asparagin, sugar, - starch, &c. Used chiefly as demulcent, but ointment use- ful in psoriasis. APOCYNUM.–Candian Hemp. (Apocynaceae.) Root of Apocynum cannabinum. Loc. U. States. Cont, resin, , bitter extractv., tannin, apocynºn (amorph.), and a gluco- side apocynein, both wh: act on heart like digitalis. Dose 15 to 30 gr., 1 to 1-95 G. Laxatv, and diurtc.; used in dropsy. ARNICA FLORES (G.). —(Compositae.) Flowers of Arnica montana. Loc. mid. and south Europe, N. West U. States. Cont. armicin, a vol. oil, &c, Arnica has a stimul. effect on skin, and used extern, in sprains and bruises; sometimes internally; but doubtful value in either case. 104 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. ASCLEPIAS–Pleurisy Root.—(Asclepiadaceae.) Root of Asclepias tuberosa. Loc. U. States (common). Cont. resin and odorous fatty matters, tannin, mucilage. &c. Dose, 20 to 60 gr., 1-3 to 3.9 G. Diaphortc. and expectrnt., in large doses emetic and purgative. ASPIDIUM is FILIX MAS, B.P., p. 18. AZEDARACH. — (Meliaceae.) Root-bark of Melia Azedarach, a native of China. Cont, a resinous prin, &c. Used as anthelmintic. BERG AMOT.—See Oleum Bergamii, p 194. BRAYERA (!).-Kooso, syn. CUSSO B.P. BRYONIA (* F.).-Bryony. (Cucurbitaceae.) Root of Bryonia alba and B. dioica. Loc. Cent, and S. Europe. Cont. bryonin (a bitter prin.), sugar, starch, resin, &c. Hydragog. cathartic now superseded by jalap. CALAMUS (F. G.).-Sweet Flag. (Araceae.) Rhizome of Acorus Calamus. Loc. Europe, Asia, N. America. Cont. vol. oil, a bitter glucosd., acorin. Feeble, aromatic, stomachic and stimulant. CALENDULA. — Marigold. (Compositae.) Fresh, flowering herb of Calendula officinalis. Loc. Europe, States, &c. Cont, a bitter prin. and calendulin. Used as applictn. to sprains and bruises as arnica. CAN NABIS AMERICANA.—(Urticaceae, Cannabi- neae.) Cannabis sativa, grown in U. States, and gathered while flowering. Wide Cannabis, B.P. CASTA NEA.—Chestnut. (Cupuliferae.) Leaves of Cas- tanea vesca, collected while green. Cont. tannic acid, &c. Has been used in whooping cough. CATECHU.-(Leguminosae.) Extract from wood of Acacia Catechu. Cont, catechu-tannic acid, which is not a glucoside. Astringent. CAULOPHYLLUM. — Blue Cohosh. (Berberidaceae.) Rhizome and rootlets of Caulophyllum thalictroides. Loc. U. States (common westwards). Cont, a glucosd, saponin, also resins. Little med, virtue; has been used as diuretic, antispasmdc., emmenagogue. CHELIDONIUM.–Celandine. (Papaveraceae.) Cheli- domium majus. Loc. Europe, U. States (adv. from Eur.). 105 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-B00K. Cont, two alkalds., chelidonine and chelerythrine, prob. identl. with sanguinarine. Used extern. as irritnt. ; to destroy warts, corns; to lessen itching. Intern. as bitter tonic and alteratv. in phthisis and scrofula; in large doses causes violent purging. CHENOPODIUM (* F.)-American Wormseed. (Chemo- podiaceae.) Fruit of Chenopodium ambrosioides var. anthelminticum. (Flowering tops, Codex.). Loc. N. America. The vol. oil distilled from it expels lumbricoid Worms. CHIMAPHILA. — Pipsissewa. (Ericaceae.) Leaves of Chimaphila umbellata. Loc. Nrthn. Continents. Cont. tannin; arbutin, ericolin, chimaphilin (neut. principles). Astringent and diuretic, and employed in treatment of rheumtc. pains. CHONDRUS (F. G.).-Irish Moss, Carraigeen. (Algae.) Chondrus crispus and Ch. mammilosus. Loc. coasts of Europe, N. America. Cont, mucilage wh: yields mucic acid with fuming nitric acid. Demulcent useful in bron- chial and cattarhal affections. CORNUS—Dogwood. (Cornaceae.) Root bark of Cornus florida. Loc. Nrthn. U. States (common southward). Cont. a bitter neutrl. prin. and a resinoid substance. Astringent tonic, and stomachic stimult.; has been used in ague, &c. CYDONIUM (F)—Quince. (Rosaceae, Pomeae.) Seeds of Cydonia vulgaris. Loc. Temp. Tegions. Europe, N. America, Western Asia; cultd. (Remington). Cont. much mucilage, and used as a bland demulcent. CY PRIPE I) IUM. – Ladies' Slipper. (Orchidaceae.) Rhizome and rootlets of Cypripedium pubescens and Cy. parviflorum. Loc. U. States (common N. and W.; sthwrds. in Allegh.). Cont, resins, an acrid prin., vol. oil, tannin, starch, &c. It has spasmdc. action, less powerful than valerian. DULCAMARA (F.).-Bittersweet. (Solanaceae.) Dried young branches of Solanum Dulcamara (from indigns, plants which have shed their leaves). Loc. Europe, N. Africa, Asia Minor, N. America. Cont, two bitter amorph. alklds., solanine and dulcamarine, also sugar, &c. Used chiefly as alteratv. in scaly skin dis., and has been recommended in chron. bronch, catarrh, asthma, whooping cough. 106 ph Al:MACists' pocket-book. ERYTHOXYLON, syn. COCA, B.P., p. 13. EUONY MUS.—Wahoo. (Celestraceae.) Bark of Euony- mus atropurpureus. Loc. U. S., N. York to Wis, and sthwrds. Cont, a bitter princp euonymin, resin, fixed oil, &c. Hepat stimul., hydrag. cathartic, diuretic; causes intestml. and ha-morrhoidal irritatn. in large doses. Given in biliousness and chron. malaria. EUPA TORIUM.–Thoroughwort. (Compositae.) Leaves and flowerg. tops of Eupatorium perfoliatum. I oc. U. States (common). Cont, vol. oil and eupatorin (bitter glucsq.). Tonic, diaphortc.; emetc. and cathartic in large doses, useful in expellg. tapeworm. FRANGULA, syn. RHAMNI FRANGULE CORT. B.P. GAULTHERIA (F.). - Winter green. (Ericaceae.) Leaves of Gaultheria procumbens. Loc. U.S., nrthwd. and Allegh. Cont, the gluscd arbutin and vol. oil of wintergreen, whº is chiefly salicylate of methyl with (1/10) a hydrocarbon gaultherilene. Used to flavour med., also as antipyretic. GERANIUM.–Cranesbill. (Geraniaceae.) Rhizome of Geranium maculatum. Loc. N. America. Cont, tannic and gallic acids, and used as an astringent injectn. and gargle and in diarrhoea. GRIN D'LIA. (Compositae. Leaves and flowerg. tops of Grindelia robusta. Loc. U. States. Cont, resin, vol. oil. Used in asthma, bron, hitis, bronchorrhea, whooping cough, in dyspnoea due to cardiac dis., catarrh of urinary passages, and extern to allay itching and pain in priapism and vaginitis. GUARANA (* F.). (Sapindaceae.) Dried paste prepa. from seeds of Paullinia sorbilis. Loc. N. and W. Brazil. Cont. caffeine, 4 or 5 %, and much tannic acid. Used in sick headache. HAMMAMELIS.—Witch Hazel. (Hammamelaceae.) Leaves of Hammamelis virginica collect. in autumn. Loc. U. States, N. America. Cont. a bitter princip., also tannic acid. Used extern. to inflamtry. swellings, bruises, piles; intern. as a haemostatic in menorrhagia, dysmenorrh., bleed- ing from lungs, &c. “Hazeline” is a prep. HEDEOMA.—American Pennyroyal. (Labiatae.) Leaves and tops of Hedeoma pulegioides. Loc. U. States. The 107 PHARMACISTs. POCKET-Book. common European pennyroyal (of F. Codex) is a different but similar plant, Mentha Pulegium. Cont, a vol. oil. Used as stimult, carminatv, diaphoretic; and much used as an emmenagogue in amenorrhea, also in flatulence. HYDRASTIS.–Golden Seal. (Ranunculaceae.) Rhizome and rootlets of Hydrastis canadensis. Loc. N. York to Wis. and sthwrds. (rare). Cont. berberine, hydrastine, a third alkald., a vol. prin. not isolated, and hydrastin a resins, substance. Used as a simple bitter; it is an hepat. stimult., and antiperiodic (hydrastine). IchthyocoLLA (F), syn. ISINGLASS, B.P. Appendix. (Pisces, Sturiones.) The swimming bladder of var. spec. of Acipenser. IGNATIA (F.).-Beam of St. Ignatius. (Loganiaceae.) Seeds of Strychnos Ignatii. Loc. the Phillipines, Cochin China. Cont. Strychnine and brucine. Prop. similar to Nux Vomica. ILLICIUM, syn. ANISISTELLATI Fr., B.P., p. 4. INULA (F.G.).-Elecampame. (Compositae.) Root of Inula Helenium. Loc. Europe, S. Siberia, Himalaya, N. America. Cont. inulin (a subst: allied to starch), helinin (a neutr, bitter prin.), and a vol. oil Used in chron. bron- chitis and skin diseases, in amenorrhea. Helenin is said to destroy the Bacillus tuberculosis. IRIS.—Blue Flag. (Iridaceae.) Rhizome and rootlets of Iris versicolor. Loc. U. States (common). I'rop. due to an oleoresin. It is emetic and cathartic and stimul. liver and intestml. glands. JUGLANS —Buttermut. (Juglandaceae.) Inner bark of root of Juglans cinerea. Loc. U. States (common). Cont. nucin, C36H12010, fix. oil, vol. oil, tannin, &c. Mild cathartic and feeble hepat, stimult. ; used in chron. constiptn., dysent., congestn. of abdoml. viscera, and in malarial conditions. JUNIPER (F. G.)-(Coniferae.) Fruit of Juniperus communis. Loc. Europe, N. Asia, N. America. Cont. vol. oil, consisting of C10H16 and nG10H16, also much glucose, resin; malic, formic, and acetic acids. The oil is 108 PHARMACists' pocket-book. in B.P. and is cont. in gin and Hollands; it is diuretic, but does not appear to act on healthy kidneys. The oil is a local stimulant. LAPPA.— Burdoch. (Compositae.) Root of Lappa officinalis. Loc. Europe, N. Asia. U. States (nati.). Cont. a bitter subst., inulin, sugar, mucilage, &c. Draphoretic, diuretic, purgatv., alteratv. Used in skin dis., syphilis, scrofula, gout, rheumat., kidney disease. LEPTANDRA.— Culver's Foot. (Scrophulariaceae.) Rhizome and rootlets of Leptandra virginica. Loc. Ver- mont to Wis. and sthwrd. nt. leptandrin, regarded as the active principle. Cathartic, and hepatic stimult. Used in biliousness and constipation. LYCOPODIUM (F. G.).-(Lycopodiaceae.) Sporules of Lycopodium clavatum and other spec. of L. Loc. Europe, N. Asia, and N. and S. America, Australia, the Cape, &c. Cont. certain vol. bases and abt. 47 % of fixed oil liquid at 15° C. Used as excipient for and to dust pills, as a diluent for insuffitns. and dusting powder for skin, in making fireworks, &c. Dust is explosive. MACIS (F.)—Mace. (Myristaceae.) Arillus of fruit of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg). Loc. Molucca Islds. Impd. from Singapore. Cont, resin and a vol. oil (7 to 9%) closely resembling vol. oil of nutmeg, Chiefly used for flavouring. MAGNOLIA. — (Magnoliaceae.) Bark of Magnolia glauca, M. acuminata, and M. tripetala. Loc. U. States. Tonic and aromatic, resembling cinchona in action. MALTUM.—(Graminaceae.) Seed of Hordeum disti- chum (barley) malted, i.e., caused to commence germination artificially, and dried. The extract (U.S.P.), made by macer- ating first with cold aq., 1 pt., and then with aq. at not more than 55°C., 4 pts., and evapg. at same temp. is nutri- tious, and acts as a digestive ferment (upon starch) by reason of contained diastase. Given in debility, especially with weak digestion; used as a vehicle. MARRUBIUM (F.).-Horehound. (Labiatae.) Leaves and tops of Marrubium vulgare, the common horehound. Loc. temp. Europe and N. America (natd. from Eur.). Cont: a vol. oil and a bitter prin. marrubiin. Dose, 30 109 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. to 60 gr., 2 to 4 G. Expectorant, tonic, diuretic, dia- phortc., laxatv. in large doses. Used in laryng, and bronch. catarrh, chronic chest affectns. with cough and copious expectoration. MATRICARIA (F. G.).-German Chamomile. (Com- positae.) (Chamomilla of G. P.) Flower heads of Matri- caria Chamomilla. Loc. Europe, N. America, and cult. Cont. a dark blue vol. oil (sol. in alcoh.), and a bitter prin. (anthemic acid). Aromatic, bitter, carminatv., and anthel- mintic. Uses as chamomile. MELISSA (F. G.).-Balm. (Labiatae.) Leaves and tops of Melissa officinalis. Loc. U. States (natd. from Eur.). Cont, a little vol. oil and has small med, virtue. Used as a diaphortc. in slight febrile conditions. MENISPERMUM. — Canadian Moonseed. (Menisper- maceae.) Rhizome and rootlets of Menispermum cana- dense. Loc. U. States, Canada. Cont, a colourless alkald. and a small quantity of berberine (yellow alkald.). Used as a bitter tonic, and as substit. for Sarsaparilla. OLEUM BERG AMI (* F.)-(vol. ATILE). A vol. oil ob- tained from fresh fruit-rind of Citrus Bergamia, var. vul- garis, by means of two revolving saucer-like discs, between which the rind is pressed, and lacerated by sharp edges. OLEUM ERIGONITIS (vol. ATILE).- A vol. oil distilled from fresh flowrg. herb of Erigon canadense (fleabane). Compositae. Loc. Canada, U. States. This plant is tonic, astringent, diuretic; esteemed in uterine and other haemorrhages. OLEUM GOSSIPII SEM.INIS – Cotton Seed oil (Fixed).- The oil expressed from cotton seed. See Gossypium, B.P., p. 20; also p. 196. OLEUM LAVANDULA2 (vol. ATILE).-A vol. oil distilled from flowering tops or whole herb of Lavandula vera. Is not contd. in B.P., only oil of lavender flowers. The oil obtained from the herb is inferior. (See Oleum Lavan- dulae, B.P., p. 195.) OLEUMMYRCIAE(vol. ATILE)—oil of Bay. º A vol. oil distilled from Myrcia acris. An oil distille from Laurus nobilis is also called oil of bay. Oleum 110 ph ARMACists' pocket-BOOK. Myrcia is the source of Spiritus Myrcia (bay rum) of U.S.P., which is used as a perfume in faintness and various nervous affectns, and also in preprtn. of hair-wash. OLEUM SUCCINI.- il of Amber (volatile). A vol. oil ob. tained by the destructive distillation of amber. The oil thus produced is a mixture of hydrocarbons and, according to Pelletier and Walter, presents the composition of oil of turpentine, contg. 88.7% C, and 11.3% H (Watts' Dict. Chem.). Extern, it is stimul, and used like oil of turp.; intern, said to be antispasmodic. OLEUM THYMI (vol. ATILE) (“oil of origanum") (G.).- A vol. oil distilled from Thymus vulgaris. (Labiatae.) Loc. S. Europe, N. America. This oil by partl. distill. is resolved into a portion coming over below 180° C. and a portion of higher B. P.; the former cont. cymene C10H1 and thymene C10H16, the latter thymol C10H140. 8. o thyme is used as liniment, also as antiseptic. Used in vet. practice. See THYMOL, p. 99. OLEUM TIGLII, syn. OLEUM CROTONIS, p. 196. OLEA.—For other oils, and for further information, see pp. 193–196. OPIUM DENARCOTISATUM.–Denarcotised opium is made by extracting narcotine and odorous matters with ether, and making up residue to original weight with milk sugar. ORIGANUM.– Wild Marjoram. (Labiatae.) Origanum vulgare. Loc. U. States (natd. from Eur.). Cont, a vol. oil, wh. is now largely superseded by oil of thyme. Tonic, diaphortc., emmenag. ; and also used extern. as fomenta- tion. PEPO.-Pumpkin Seed. (Cucurbitaceae.) Seeds of Cucurbita Pepo. Loc. Asia and America; culti. Act prin. is probably a resin contained in the greenish envelope (endopleuron) surrounding the embryo. This resin is sol. in castor oil, which should be given before or after the seeds. Anthelmintic for tape-worms. PHYTOLACCA BACCA.—Poke Berry. (Phytolacaceae.) Fruit of Phytolacca decandra. Loc. N. America. Cont. purple col. matter, sugar, gum, &c. Alteratv. and laxatv., but little used. - 111 PHARMACISTS' PockeT-Book. PHYTOLACCA RADIX.—Poke Root. Cont. acrid resin, tannin, mucilage, &c. Alteratv. PICROTOXINUM (F). (Menispermaceae.) (Fruit of, F. Cod.) A neutr, bitter prin. from seeds of Anamirta paniculata. Loc. Eastern India, Assam, Malayan Islds. Colorless flexible shining bitter crystals, which melt at all 200° C. to yell. liquid. Poison intern. ; used (with care!) as ointment (10 grs. to 1 oz. lard) to destroy pediculi and in tinea capitis. PILOCARPUS, syn. JABORANDI, B.P., p. 24. PIPERINA.—See Notes on B.P., p. 38. PIX CANADENSIS.–Canada or Hemlock Pitch. (Coni- ferae.) Prepared resinous exudn. of Abies canadensis. Loc. Canada, N. U. States. Resembles Burgundy pitch, but somewhat softer. - - PRINOS.—Black Alder. (Aquifoliaceae.) Bark of Prinos verticillatus. Loc. N. America. Tonic and astringent; used in diarrhoea, malarial disorders, extern. for sores and chron. skin diseases. PR UN US V IRG IN IA N.A. – Wild (choke) Cherry. (Rosaceae.) Bark of Prunus serotina. Loc. U. States (com. nth wrds.), N. America. Cont. probably a subst. analogous to amygdalin and a bitter subst. It yields vol. oil and HCy when distill. with aq. Nervous tonic and sedatv.; used in general debility associated with irritatn. (general or local), and sometimes in hectic fever and con- sumption and palpitatn. of heart. PULSATILLA (F.) (Ranunculaceae.) Herb of Anemone . Pulsatilla, A. pratensis, and of A. patens var. Nuttalliana. Should not be kept more than a year. Loc. U.S. America (Asa Gray), Europe (Remington). Yields on distill, with aq. an acrid oily prin. with burning taste, which, on keep- ing, decomposes into anemonin and anemonic acid. Value not great. Anemonic acid inert, anemonin depress. cir- cultn., respirtn., and spin. cord. Poison. Used in eclampsia and sympathetic neurosis, and as diaphoretic and emmenagog. It has been used in amenorrh., dys- menorrh., catarrh of muc memb, asthma, bronchitis, &c. QUERCUS ALBA. (Cupuliferae.)—Bark of Quercus alba. Loc. N. America. Cont, tannin, resin, &c. Used as astringent. 112 PHARMACISTs' Pocket-Book. QUILLAIA (F.).-Soap Bark. (Rosaceae.) Bark of Quillaia Saponaria. Loc. Chili, Peru. Cont. saponin, and seems to have the power of emulsifying fats. Not much used in med.; powder is an errhine. Used to emulsify tar, clean cloth, and to give “heading” to beer, &c. RHUS GLABRA.—Sumach. (Terebinthaceae.) Fruit of Rhus glabra. Loc. N. America, Cont, much tannin, and used as astringent. RHUS TOXICODENDRON.— Poison Iry. Poison Oak. (Terebinthaceae.) Fresh leaves of Rhus Toxicoden- dron. Loc. N. America. Act, prin. is a vol. acid. Used intern. as a gastro-intestml. irritn., drowsiness, stupor, de- lirium, paralysis, incontinence of urine from atony of bladder, skin diseases. RUBUS.—Blackberry. (Rosaceae.) Root bark of Rubus villosus, Rubus canadensis, Rubus trivialis. Loc, N. America. Cont. tannin, and used in diarrhoea. RUBUS IDAEUS (F.).-Raspberry. Fruit of Rubus idaeus (or of R. strigosus and R. occidentalis). Loc. Europe and Asia; cult. Colouring and flavouring. RUMEX (F.).-Yellow Dock. (Polygonaceae.) Root of Rumex crispus and other species of R. Europe: natd.; cult. (R. acetosa, sorrel. F. Cod.). Cont. rumicin (identical with chrysophanic acid) and tannic acid. It is astringent, bitter, and alteratv, Used in scorbutic diseases. SALIX (F.).-Willonr. (Saliaceae.) Bark of Salix alba and other spec. of S. Loc. Sthrn. Europe; cult. Cont. tannin and salicin (see Notes on B.P., p. 92). Antipyretic. Used in acute rheumat., headaches. SALVIA (F. G.)—Sage. (Labiatae.) Leaves of Salvia officinalis. Loc. Europe, America; cult. Cont, a vol. oil. Tonic, carminative, slightly astringent. Used in atonic dyspep., hectic sweating, and as a condiment. SAMBUCUS, from Sambucus canadensis (flowers), very similar to Sambucus nigra, B.P. SA N GUIN A R I.A.— Blood Root. (Papaveraceae.) Rhizome of Sanguinaria canadensis, collect. in autumn, Loc. N. America. Cont, an alklä. sanguinarine, which irrit, intestml. canal, prod. vomiting and d arrhoea. Small 113 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. doses stim. the respir, and circult. centr, in medulla, and motor centre. in brain and cord. Poison. Stimul. and tonic, sedatw. in larger doses, reducing pulse and stimul. respirtn. Sometimes used in chron bronchitis, cholagog, emmenagog.; useful in functional amenorrh., in dyspep. and gastro-intestml. catarrh. sº RUBRUM, syn. PTEROCARPI LIGNUM, .P., p. 40. SARSAPARILLA, syn. SARSAE RADIX, B.P., p. 43. SCUTELLARIA. — Skullcap. (Labiatae.) Scutellaria lateriflora. Loc. N. America, Pennsylv, to Wis, and sthwrds. Cont. vol. oil, tannin, a bitter prin., &c. Given as a nerve tonic in neuralgia, chorea, delir. tremens, nervous exhaus- tion. - SPIGELIA.—Pinkroot, Maryland Pink. (Logamiaceae.) Rhizome and rootlets of Spigelia marilandica. Fº Pennsylv. to Wis, and sthwrds. Cont, a bitter p.in, resin, vol. oil, tannin, wax, &c. STILLINGLA.—Queen's Root. (Euphorbiaceae.) Root of Stillingia sylvatica. Loc. U.S.A., E. Virginia and sthwrds. Cont, a resinous subst. In large doses causes vomiting and purging. Has been used as alteratv. in second, syphilis and skin diseases. TANACETUM (F.).-Tansy. (Compositae.) Leaves and tops of Tanacetum vulgare. Loc. wild and cult. (from Eur.). Cont. an irritng. vol. oil, a bitter prin. tanacetin, resin, col. matter, &c. Poison. Used as a diuretc. and stimul. in rheumtsm., ague, and hysteria; as emmenagog. in amenorrh.. ; and as anthelmintic. THUJA.—Arbor vitae. (Coniferae.) Fresh tops of Thuja occidentalis. Loc. N. America (Penn. and northwrds). Cont. a vol. oil, wh: acts somewhat like camphor, producing epileptifm. convulsins, &c., but having little action on heart, and lessening temp. The twigs cause abortion. Diuretic, astringent, aromatic, vermifuge. Used extern. to remove warts; intern. in pulmon, catarrh, dropsy, amenorrhea, Worms. TRITICUM (F. G.).-Couch grass. (Graminaceae.) Rhizome of Triticum repens, gathered in spring and de- prived of rootlets. Loc. Europe, N. Asia, N. and S. I 114 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. America. Cont. sugar, abt. 3%; triticin C12H22O11 (pass. into sugar if kept in conc. soln. at 110° C.). No starch or resin. Ash, 4%. Demulcent and diuretic. Used in cytisis and irritn. of urinary passages. ULMUS (F.) — Red or Slippery Elm. (Urticaceae, U1meae.) Inner bark of Ulmus fulva. Loc. Cent. and Northn. U. States, Canada, N. England to Lake Superior and sthwrds. Cont. mucilage. Used as demulcent, astringent, and tonic; also in skin diseases. USTILAGO.—Corn Smut. (Fungi.) Ustilago Maydis, grown upon Zea Mays (Maize or Indian corn) (Grami- naceae). Loc. S. Europe, N. Africa, India, Sthrn. States, and Mexico, &c. Should be kept only a year, Resembles ergot in action, and probably cont. the same alkld. Dose 1/4 to 15 ; 1 to 3.9 G. Used as ergot. VANILLA (F. G.). (Orchidaceae.) Fruit of Vanilla planifolia. Loc. E. Mexico. Cont. vanillin (the aldehyde of methyl-protocatechuic acid), fatty and waxy matters, gum, starch, &c. Used as perfume and for flavouring; as an aromatic stimulant in hysteria and low fevers. WIBURNUM.–Black Haw. (Caprifoliaceae.) Bark of Viburnum prunifolium. Loc. N. America. Cont. valerianic acid, resin, tannin. Said to be useful in preventing abor- tion, and in dysmenorrhea. WIOLA TRICOLOR (G.).-Pansy. (Violaceae.) The wild-grown flowering herb of Viola tricolor. Loc. N.Y. to Illin. and sthwrds. (Gray), Europe; cult. (Remington). (V. tricolor arvensis F. Cod.) Cont. a little violine resem- bling emetime, and having emeto-cathartic properties. Dose, 15 to 40 gr., 1 to 2.6 G. Used as unguent or cataplasm in empetigo and eczema ; intern. in bronchitis. XANTHOXYLUM.–Prickly Ash. (Rutaceae, Xan- thoxylae.) Bark of Xanthoxylum fraxineum and of X. carolinianum. Loc. Carol., Virginia, and sthwrds. Cont. a vol. oil, resins, and perhaps berberine. Aromatic and (irritant) bitter, somewhat similar to Mezereum and Guaiacum. Used in rheumat., toothache, palsy of tongue. 115 PHARMACISTS' POCRET-Book. OFFICIAL INorg ANIC SUBSTANCEs, SALTs, ACIDs, ALKALIES, &c.; ALso DEFINITE ORGANIC SALTs, AcIDS, ALKALOIDs, &c., U.S.P., NOT INCLUDED 1N THE B.P. No doses are given in U.S. P. ALCOHOL is of two strengths: Alcohol of 91% by wt. (94% by vol.) and sp. gr. 820 at 60°F. (15°-6 C.), and Alcohol loil. of 45.5% by wt. (53% by vol.) and sp. gr. '928 at same temp. ALUMINII HYDRAS–Al2(HO)3. Pprd, from alum by sod. carb., washed, dried at (not above) 40°C., and powdered. Sol. in acids and fixed alkalies. Dose, 2 to 5 gr, '13 to 32 G. Feebly astringt., desiccant; used as powd, in inflammty, skin diseases. AMMONII IODIDUM (F.)-NH. I. Pprd, by mixing solns. of Am 2SO4 and RI. Used as resolvent and alteratv., like KI. When mixed with KI it prevents the depressing action of the latter. Dose, 3 to 5 gr, '19 to 32 G. AMMONII, SULPHAS-(NH4)2SO4. Used in prep. of other Amm. salts. Not used internally. AMMONII VALERIANAS.–NH4C5H8O2. Pprd. by pass- ing NH3 into the monohydrated acid. Dose, 2 to 8 gr., "13 to '62 G. Given in hysteria, like valerian. ARGENTI CYANIDUM.—AgCN. Pprd. by preciptg. from "AgNO3 with HCN. Used in extemporaneous prep. of hydrocyanic acid: AgCN 6 pt., Acid Hydrochlor. 5 pt., Aq. Dest. 55 pt. ; mix aq. and acid, add the cyanide, and decant the clear liq., which is of U.S.P. and B.P. strength (2% real HCN). AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM (F.). A mixt. of equal pts. AuCl3 and NaCl. Dose, 1/10 to 1/5 gr, '006 to • 012 G. Used as an alterative. - BENZINUM. A distillate from American petroleum, con- sisting of hydrocarbons, CnH2n+2. Sp. gr. 67-675 and B.P. 50° to 60° C. (122° to 140°F.). Used as a solvent for fats, resins, caoutchouc, &c. Must not be confounded with Benzol (C6H6). I 2 116 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. CALCII BROMIDUM (F.).-Cabra. Dose, 30 to 60 gr., 1-9 to 3-9 G. Used as hypnotic. CAMPHORA, MONOBROMATA Bºº"; 5BrO. Prepd. by action of Br. on camphor. ose, 5 gr, '32 G. As nervous sedative. CARBONEI BISULPHIDUM (F)—CS2. Sp. gr. 1:272. B.P. 46° C. (1149.8 F.). Not used internally; but is a powerful, transient anaesthetic if breathed. It acts as a local anaesthetic if atomised, and has been used as a local irritant in enlarged lymphtc. glands, insufficiency of ear- wax, &c. Recently in rectal injections for phthisis. CHINOIDINUM. A mixture of alkalds, mostly amorph., obtained as residue from manuf. of crys. Cinchona alkalds. Dose, 5 to 30 gr., 32 to 1-9 G. Tonic and anti- periodic. FERRI” CHLORIDUM.–Fe2Cl6, 12 Aq. Prepā. by dis- solvg. Fe in HCl, oxidg. with HNO3, and crystallg. It keeps well in this solid form. FERRICITRAS.–Fe2"(C6H507)2, 6 Aq. A scale prepara- tion, made by evapg. a solution of the salt. Dose, 5 gr., '32 G. Useful in making pills. FERRI ET AMMONII SULPHAS.–Fe2(NH4)2(SO4)4, 24 Aq. Ammonio ferric Alum. Pale violet, efforct., crys.; odourless, with styptic taste and acid reaction. IDose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 G. More astringt. than alum, it has less stimul, properties than other Fe salts. Used in leucorrh., and to lessen albumen in intermitt. albuminuria. FERRI ET AMMONII TARTRAS (F.). A scale prepara- tion, made by taking 60 pts. tart. acid, neutralg. half with Ammon. Carb. and adding the other half; to this is added the iron pptd. as hydrate by AmBO (and washed) from 90 pts. of solution of tersulpht. of iron. The soln. is filtd., evapd., and dried on glass plates. Mild chalybeate. Dose, 10 to 30 gr., '65 to 1-9 G. FERRI ET STRYCHNINAE CITRAS. A scale prep, made by dissolg. together, Ferri et Am. Citras 98 pts., Strych- nina and Acid Citr. 1 pt. each, and “scaling.” Dose, 3 to 5 gr, '2 to 33 G. 117 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. FERRI HYPOPHOSPHIS.–Fe2"(H2P02)6. A white powd. which evolves PH8 on ignition. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., *32 to '65 G. (in syrup). Given in phthisis, nerv. de- bility, &c. FERRI IODIDUM SACCH. Prepd. by adding soln, of FeI2 to sugar of milk, and evaporating. Dose, 2 to 5 gr, • 13 to 33 G. FERRI LACTAS (F.)—Fe"(C3H508)2, 3 Aq. Palegreenish- white crusts, permanent in air, jºi by acting on Fe with lactic acid, and crystallising. Dose, 12 to 20 gr., '65 to 1.3 G., daily in chlorosis and anaemia. FERRI OXALAS.–Fe" C204, H20. Ferrous Ozalate. Pale yellow crys, powd., permanent in air, prepa. by pptn. from ferrous sulpht. with oxalic acid. Dose, 2 to 3 gr., • 13 to 19 G. FERRI PYROPHOSPHAS (F.). A scale prep, made by mixing Sod. Pyrophos. 10 pts., to 9 pts. Ferri Citr. in soln., and “scaling.” Dose, 2 to 5 gr, '12 to 33 G. FERRI VALERIANAS.–Fe2"(C5H8O2)3. Ferric Vale- rianate. Prepā. by double decomp. between ferrous sulpht. and sod. valerianate. Dose, 1 to 10 gr., '06 to 65 G. Rarely used. HYDRARGYRI CYANIDUM (F)—Hg(CN)2. Pprá. by passing HCN into HgC) in water. Dose, 1/16 to 1/8 gr., '004 to '008 G. As an alterative in syphilis. HYDRARGYRI SUBSULPHAS FLAV. (F.).-Hg(Hgo)2 SO4. Pprd. by adding HgSO4 to boilg. aq. Dose (as alteratv.), 1/4 to 1/2 gr., 016 to 032 G. A powerful irritant, and rarely used. HYDRARGYRI SULPHIDUM RUB. (F)—Hgs. Ver- milion. Pprd. by fusing and sublimg. Hg and S. Used by fumigation. HYOSCYAMINAE SULPHAS – (C17H23NO3)3H2SO4. Pprd. from the alkaloid and H2SO4. Ose, ižić gr., '004 G. Narcotic and sedative. Used as a mydriatic; by alienists in controlling maniacal excitement. LITHII BENZOAS (F.).--Lic H502. Pprd. by treatg. Li2CO3 with the acid. I)ose, 15 to 20 gr., '97 to 1.3 G. Used in gout and rheumatism. 118 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. LITHII BROMIDUM (F.).-Libr. Ppril. by double decomp. with Febrz and Li2SO4, and other methods. Dose, 15 to 30 gr., '97 to 1.9 G. Very efficient as a hypnotic. LITHII SALICYLAS (F.).-2LiC7H50s, H2O. '5" by treatg. Li2CO3 with the acid. Dose, 36 to 40 gr., 1-3 to 2-6 G. Given in gout and rheumatism. MAGNESII SULPHIS.–MgSO3, 6 H2O. Pprd. by treatg. MgO in suspension with SO2. Dose, 15 to 30 gr., '97 to 1.9 G. Used as alkaline sulphites. Should be kep in well stopped vessels. MANGANI SULPHAS (F.).-MnSO4, 4 Aq. Pprd. by heating MnO2 with C, and treatg. residue with H2SO4. Dose, 5 to 20 gr., 32 to 1.3 G. Tonic. PHYSOSTIGMINAE SALICYLAS. – C15H21N3O2CH30s. Pprd. by adding the alkald. to the acid in hot aq. and crystg. by cooling. Dose, intern., 1/20 gr, '003 G. (not more). Used as Physostigmina. PILOCARPINAE HYDROCHLORAS (F.).-C11 Hign,02, HCl. Pprd. by neutrlsng. the acid with the alkaloid. Dose, 1/8 to 1/4 gr, '008 to 016 G. Diaphoretic, sialogogue. See Pilocarp. Nitras, p. 84. POTASSII HYPOPHOSPHIS.–KH2PO2. Ppril. by mixing solns. of calcium hypophos, and pot, carb., filtering off CaCO3, and evapg. (below 100° C., to avoid explosion) until the salt granulates. Dose, 15 gr, '97 G. Used as other hypophosphites. POTASSI SULPHIS. – K2SOs, 2H20. Pprd. by passing SO2 through soln. of K2CO3 and adding to the bisulphite thus formed a wt. of K2CO3 equal to that first taken. Dose, 15 to 60 gr., 1 to 3.9 G. Used as antiferment, like Sod. Sulphis. QUINIDINAE SULPHAS (F.). — (C20H24N2O2)2H2SO4, 2 H2O. Pprd. from the mother liquors after crystn. of quinine. Dose, 2 to 20 gr., "13 to 1.3 G. Used as anti-periodic and anti-pyretic, in treatment of malaria, &c. QUININAE BISULPHAS (F.).-C20H24N202H2SO4, 7 H2O. Ppril. by adding Acid. Sulph, to Quin. Sulpht. suspended in aq., and evapg. the soln. It is 70 times more sol, in aq. than the sulphate. Dose, as the sulphate. 119 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. QUININAE HYDROBROMAS (F.).-C20H24N2O2HBr,2H2O. By decompg. Quin. Sulpht. in alcoh. S i. with KBr; or with BaBr2 ; or by combining the acid and alkaloid. Dose, 2 to 20 gr., 13 to 1.3 G. QUININAE VALERIANAS (F.).-C20H24N2O2C5H10O2, H2O. Pprd. by combining the acid and alkaloid, or by mixing Quin. Sulpht, in alcohe. soln. with sod. valer. when sod. sulpht. is formed (insol. in §§ Dose, 2 to 10 gr., 13 to '65 G. Used as Quin. Sulpht. SAPO. This is the same as Sapo Durus of the B.P. Sapo Viridis U.S.P. is directed to be made with Potassa and fixed oils (olive oil B.P.). SODII ACETAS (F.).-NaC2H302, 3H2O. Pprd by action of the acid upon sod. carb. It is not deliq., like pot. acetate. IDose, 20 to 60 É. 1-3 to 3.9 G. Used like pot. acetate, said to be a milder but equally efficient diuretic. SODII BENZOAS (F)—NaC7H502, H2O. Pprd. by addg. the acid to sod. carb. Dose, 60 gr., 3.9 G. Used in rheumat., diphtheria, phthisis, &c. SODII BICARBONAS. The officinal salt of U.S.P.; it was formerly directed to be purifd. by percolating 6 pts. (= 96 fl. 3) of Aq. Dest through 64 oz. of the coml. salt; the residue is 99% strong. Sod. Bicarb. Ven. (also U.S.P.) not less than 95%. SODII BISULPHIS (F)—NaHS03. Pprd. by saturatg. sod. carb. with SO2, evapg. and crystlsng. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 G. Used like Sod Sulphis. SODI1 CHLORAS.—NaClO3. Pprd. by mixing sod. hyd. tart, with pot. chlort., when sod. chlort. remains in soln. Much more sol, than the pot. salt, and explodes like it when triturated with S., sugar, &c. Dose, 10 to 20 gr, '65 to 1-3 G. Used like pot. chlorate. SODII HYPOSULPHIS (F)—Na2S20s, 5H2O. More pro- perly Sodii Thiosulphas. Pprá. by decompg. calc, thio- sulph with sod. Sulph, or carb. Dose, 10 to 30 gr, '65 to 1.9 G. Alteratv. and resolvent; extern, in baths and ointment. Much used in photography (“hypo"). SODIIPYROPHOSPHAS (F)-Na, P20, 10H2O. Ppril. by heatg. disod. phosp. to redness. sed in making Ferri Pyrophosph. 120 PHARMACists' PockFT-Book. SODII SANTONINAS.–2NaC15H1904, 7H2O. Pprd. by dissolvg. santonin (1 oz.) in Liq. Soda, U.S.P., 4 fl. 3 with aq. (1 fl. 3). Dose, 3 gr., 19 G. Used like santonin. STRYCHNINAE SULPHAS (F.)—(C21H22N2O2)2H2SO4, 7H2O. Pprd. by combining the acid and the alkald. Dose and uses like strychnine. SULPHUR LOTUM. Pprd by digestg. Sulph. Subl., 12 pts., with Liq. Ammon., 1 pt., for 3 days, with occasional agita- tion, and subsequently washg. with aq. till no sulphuric acid can be detected with soln. of BaCl2. ZINCI BROMIDUM.–ZnBr2. rd. by decompg. zinc sulpht, with pot bromd., or by acting upon finely divided Zn with Br. Dose, 5 gr., 32 G. Hypnotic. ZINCI IODIDUM.–ZnL2. Pprd. by digestg. Zn with I in water. Dose, 1/2 to 2 gr., '03 to 13 G. Alterative. ZINCI PHOSPH IDUM.–Zn3P2. Pprd. by passing vapour of P in a current of dry H over fused zinc. Dose, 1/20 to 1/8 gr., 003 to 008 G. Nerv. stimult, and aphro- disiac, 121 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. - - A LIST OF SOME DRUGs of INDEFINITE CoMPO- sition NoT OFFICIAL IN THE B.P. or U.S.P. Drugs official in the Pharmacopoeia of India are included. Dose given is for adults. Abrus precatorius (Leguminosae). (Ind. Pharm.)– Jequirity seeds. Loc. tropics generally. Used to cause irritation for cure of granular lids, epithelioma, lupoid growths, ulcers, &c. Acacia Catechu. (Ind. Pharm.)—v. p. 104. Aconitum ferox (Ranunculaceae). (Ind. Pharm. From the Himalayas at 10,000 to 14,000 feet elevation. Re- sembles A. Napellus, but is more diuretc.; less antipyretc. and diaphortic. Dose, 1 m hourly of tr. (1 in 8 ãº: § neuralgia, acute gout. Extern. as Linim. for chil- ains. Aconitum Fischeri...—Japanese Acomite. cont. japa- conitine (alkald.). Aconitum heterophyllum, (root) (Ranunculaceae). (Ind. Pharm.)—From the Western Himalayas, at 8000 to 13,000 feet elevation. Contains no aconitine, but an alkald. atisine. Tonic (5 to 10 gr.) and antiperiodic (20 to 30 gr.). Adonis vernalis.-Lvs. and stlks. cont. adonidin (glucosd.), which resembles digitalis in action, but is stronger and not cumulative. Dose, 4 fl. 5 of inf. (1 in 40). Agar-Agar.—Japanese Isinglass. From Gelidium cor- neum, a seaweed. Agaric (Polyporus officinalis),-Larch or white agaric is given in doses of 10 to 30 gr. ; 65 to 1.9 G., or in the form of agaricin, a white crys, powd. (in doses of ſº, to A gr.). Purgatv. in large doses, astringent in small doses; given for diarrh., to dry up milk, and, with Dover's powd., to check night sweats. Dose of tr. (1 in 10 P. Sp.), 20 to 60 m. 122 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Agaricus albus.-Larch or white Agaric. Alchemilla arvensis. – Astringt., tonic, diuretic, Dose of inf. of fivrs. heads (1 & 20), 2 fl. 3. Alstonia constricta.-Cont. alstonine or chlorogenine (alkald.), and used as febrify. Dose of tr. (1 in lu P.Sp.), 1/2 to 2 fl. 5. Alstonia scholaris (Apocymeae). (Ind. Pharm.)—Com- mon in forests throughout India. Cont. ditaine (alkld.) and bodies resembling gutta-percha. Astringt., tonic, anthelmintic; antiperiodic. Dose, 3 to 5 gr. Amanita muscaria.-Cont. muscarine (alkald.) Anti- hydrotic. Anacardium occidentale.—Cashew-nut. Cont. abt. 90% anacardic acid, 10% cardiol. Vesicating; vermifuge. Andira inermis, Purgatv., like jalup. Dose, 20 to 30 gr. of powd. bark. - Andro rºhi, aniculata (Acanthaceae). (Ind. ñºra he dried stalks and root of Kariyāt or Creyat, common in India. Bitter tonic and stomachic, very analogous to Quassia in its action. Androphogon citratus (Graminese). (Ind. Pharm.) —'I he vol. oil of Lemongrass (oil of Verbena) cult. in India. Stimulant, antispasmodic, diaphoretic; rubifacient. Androphogon Nardus. (Ind. Pharm.)—Yields a similar vol. oil (oil of Citronelle). Androphogon pachnodes. (Ind. Pharm.)-Also yields a similar oil to the two latter. Angelica (Archangelica officinalis).-Arom. stim. and stomachc. Dose, 30 to 60 gr. Anthoxanthum odoratum has been used for hay- fever. The flowers owe their odour on drying to coumarin, which is said to cause hay fever. Apiol.—A liq. prep. of Apium Petroselinum (parsley). as been used in form of perles as antiperdc. in ague; also in amenorrh., dysmenorrhoea. Dose, 3 to 6 m. 123 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Arachis hypogaea (Leguminosae). (Ind. Pharm.)—Fix. oil from seeds (Peanut oil). Cultiv. throughout tropics. A substitute for olive oil. Areca Catechu (Betel nut).-Gently astringent. Dose of powd., 1/2 to 3/4 oz. Used in East as masticatory. Asarum europaeum (Asarabacca).-Emet., expect, purgtv., errhine. Dose, 10 to 30 gr. of powd. leaves. Asclepias cornuti et A. incarnata.-Like As- clepias, U.S.P. Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae). (Ind. Pharm.)—The leaves and bark of the Nim or Margosa tree, common throughout India. Cont. margosine (alkald.). Bark astring., tonic, and periodic; leaves stimulant. Baptisia tinctoria.--An extract of wild Indigo is used under the term Baptisin. It is laxatv. in small doses, powerfully emetic and cathartic in large doses. º Berberis asiatica, B. aristata, and B. Lycium (Berberidaceae). (Ind. Pharm.)—Root bark of these in- differently, commonly called Ind. Barberry Bark. Cont. berberine, and used as tonic, antiperiodic, and diaphoretic. Berberis Lycium.—Febrify. and local astring. Dose, 1/2 to 2 fl. 5 of tr. (1 & 5) of the bark. Betula alba (Birch).-Oil of bark has been used in chronic eczelna. Bistort (Polygonum Bistorta). —Astringent. Dose, 15 to 30 gr. of powd. root. Blatta orientalis (Cockroach).-Diuretic, aphrodisc. * Dose, 2 to 8 gr. of powd. Boldoa fragrams.-The leaves cont. boldin (glucosd.), and are used in dyspep., liver affect., diuretc. (local anaes- thetic, like cocaine?). Dose, 10 to 20 m of tr. (1 in 5 R.Sp.). Bonduc Seeds (Caesalpinia Bonducella). (Ind. Pharm.) –Loc. Tropics generally. Bitt. tonic and antiperiodic. Dose of powd., 10 to 15 gr. 124 PHARMACISTS' Pocker-Book. Boswellia floribunda (Bursuraceae). (Ind. Pharm.) —Thegum resin of this tree (Olibanum) found on the Somali coast. It cont. a resin C20H3003, a vol. oil C10H16, and an oxygenated oil. Terebinthinate stimulant, acting chiefly upon muc. membrn., especially of lungs. Used in incense. Bryonia nigra.-Black bryony. Root scrapings as poultice for black eye and ecchymosed spots. Butea frondosa (Leguminosae). (Ind. Pharm.)—In- spiss. juice of the Bengal kino tree, common throughout India. Similar to Kino. Calotropis gigantea.—Root and barks used in India as diaphortc., purgatv., emetic. Dose of powd., 2 to 4. gr. as diaph., 20 to 40 gr. as emetic. Calotropis iº and C. procera (Asclepiadeae). (Ind. º The dried root bark of Mudar, one or other of the species being common everywhere in India. Al- teratv. tonic; diaphoretic; emetic in large doses. Carum Ajowan (Umbelliferae). (Ind. Pharm.)—The fruit of Ajwain or Omum plant, cultiva. in India. Cont. cymene and thymol, and is stimul., carminatv., and anti- spasmodic. Castanea equina.-Horse Chestnut. Hooping cough, gout, neuralgia, rheumatism. Dose of fl. ext., 1/2 to Castoreum.—Dried preputial follicles of beaver and their secretions cont, several fats, salicin, resin, vol. oil. Anti- spasm. stimult. Hysteria. Lose, 5 to 10 gr. Cedron.—Seeds of Simiba C. Dose, 2 to 5 gr. Bitter tonic, also used in S. Africa for snake bites. Centaurium (Erythraea centaurium), herb.-Bitter, like gentian. Dose of powd., 20 to 60 gr. Chekan (Murtus Chekan), leaves. – Aromatc., expect. Coughs, bronchitis. Chiococca anguifuga.-Bitter tonic, diuretc.; emetic, cathartic. Dose, 20 to 40 gr, as tonic, 120 as emetic. 125 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Chlorodyne. —Said to be mixt. of treacle, chlorofm., morphiné, Ind. hemp, HCy, and Capsicum. Dose, 10 to 20 m. Coal Tar.—An alcoh. Soln., Liq. Carbonis Detergens, used as lotion in prurigo and chron. scaly dis. of skin. Cocculus.-The frt. of Amamirta cocculus. Acrid nar- cotic, seldom used. Cocculus cordifolius.--Tonic, diuretic. Dose of decoct. (2 oz. to 203), 1 to 2 fl. 3. Collinsonia canadensis.-The root, commonly known as stone-root or knob-root. Is an antispasmdc.; it is given in gravel and other urinary affectns., various forms of colic, and in lax conditns. of uvula, pharynx, vocal cords, gastric catarrh, cystitis, &c. Dose of tr. (1 in 10 P. Sp.), 1 to Condurango G.P.-(Gomolobus Condurango.) Alterative. Contrajerva.-(Dorstenia Contrajerva), root. Stimul. #". and diaphoretic. Dose of inf. (1 & 12), 1 to 2 Convallaria majalis.--Lily of the Valley, herb. Cont. convallarin, convallamarin (2 glucosd.). Functional and organic dis. of heart. Dose of tr. (1 in 8 P. Sp.), 5 to 20 m. Coptis Teeta (Ranunculaceae). (Ind. Pharm.)—The dried root imported into Bengal from Assam. It cont. berberine; used as pure bitter tonic. Dose, 10 to 15 gr. of powd. root. Coronella juncea.—Milk Vetch. Roots, leaves, seeds, said to be galactagogues. Coto Bark.-(Cont. cotoine (alkald.)). Increases intestinal absorptn., used for gastric and intestinal catarrh, diarrhoea. Dose, 1/2 to 2 gr., or of tr., 10 m. Paracoto Bark cont. paracotoine, similar but less powerful. Cotyledon umbilicus. Epilepsy, chorea. Dose of . fresh juice, 1 fl. 3, or ext., 10 to 30 gr. Crinum asiaticum var. toricarium (Amaryllidaceae). (Ind. Pharm.) — I he fresh root of plant. Loc. Bengal, º Ceylon, Moluccas, Cochin China; and cultivated. metic. 126 PHARMACISTS' Pocker-Book. Crotalus.-Soln. of venom of rattlesnake, Crotalus nor- ridus. Malignant scarlet fever. Dose (1 in 1000) 3 drops every three hours. Cucumis (Cucumis sativus) F. Cod.-As a cooling oint- ment. Curara or Woorara.--From spec. of Strychnºs, &c. Cont. curarine (alklä.). Produces muscular relaxation; general muscular paral. (large doses). Has been used in tetanus (and as arrow poison). Curcuma longa.-Turmeric. Used as fumigatin. in çoryza. Damiana.-Leaves of some spec. of Turnera. Aphrodisiac. Dose of liq. ext: (1 in 2) 1 to 25. IDatura alba (Solanaceae). (Ind. Pharm.)—The leaves and seeds of Dhatura, common in India. Cont. probably daturine (alkald.). Very similar to Datura Stramonium. Daucus Carota. – Carrot. Diuretic, galactagogue. Dose, ad lib. Dipterocarpus laevis (Dipterocarpeae). (Ind. Pharm.) —From forests of En. India; produces an oleo resin, Gurjun, or wood oil, which is used, like copaiba, as a stimulant of mucous surfaces, and as a diuretic. Drosera rotifundiolia. — Sundew, leaves. Chron. bronchit., asthma, whoopg.-cough, cough of phthisis. Dose of tr. (1 in 10 P. Sp.), 5 to 10 m. Diospyros Embryopteris, Persdom (Ebenaceae). (Ind. Pharm.)—The fruit of a plant common throughout India. It is a powerful astringent, probably from presence of tannin. Echium vulgare.—Viper's Bugloss. Galactagogue. Emblicae Fructus (Phyllanthus emblica). — Cooling, diuretic, laxatv., excites appetite. Dose, 1 or 2 fruits, or as confection. Eruca sativa.--Said to be galactagogue. Erythrophloeun guineerise. — Sassy or ordeal Hark. Cont. erythrophloeine (alkald.) Resembles digi- talin and picrotoxin combined. Dose of tr. (1 in 10 S.V.R.), 5 to 10 m. 127 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Euphorbia pilulifera.-Dried plant is used in asthma, bronch. affectns., paroxysmal dyspnoea, laryngl. spasm, whoopg.-cough, angina pectoris, and in all affectns, of º; Dose of decoct. (1 in 40), 2 3 twice aily of tr. (1 in 5 P. Sp.), 10 to 30 m. Fucus vesiculosus.-Sea (or Bladder) Wrack. “Anti- fat” is a preparation of this plant. Galium album.–Used for epilepsy. Dose of juice, 2 to 4 fl. 3. Galium aparine.—Cleaver's or goose grass has been given for dropsy, jaundice, scrofulous scaly eruptns., obesity, epilepsy, cancerous sores, as a styptic, &c. ose of succus, 1 to 2 fl. 3, of ext., 5 to 20 gr. Garcinia pictoria (Guttiferae). (Ind. Pharm.)—Pro- duces Ind. gamboge, essentially the same as that of Siam. Garcinia purpurea (Guttiferae). (Ind. Pharm.)—Pro- duces a fix. oil, Kokum butter, well suited for some pharmaceutical purposes, as for prep. of ointments, sup- positories, &c. - Geoffroyal inermis.-Bark is bitter, astring., febrify., yermiſg. Dose, 20 to 30 gr. Emetc., purg., narcotic in larger doses. Geum urbanum.—Aromatic, astringt., tonic. Dose of powd., 30 to 60 gr. Gokhru.-Pedalium Murer. Fruit employed for noc- turnal seminal en issns., incont. of urine, impotence. Dose, 1 oz. as infusion (1 in 20). Gouania domingensis.-Root cont. saponine. Used as dentifrice. Sialagogue. Gracillaria lichenoides.—Ceylon moss (Algae) (Ind. Pharm.), and G. confervoides, from coasts of Ceylon and islands of the Indian Archipelago. Demulcent and nutritive. Gummi rubrum (Eucalyptus rostrata.)—Astringt. in dysentery, diarrhoea. Dose, 5 to 20 gr. 128 PHARMACISTs' PockeT-Book. Gynocardia odorata º (Ind. Pharm. haulmugra seeds, from forests of Malay Peninsula and En. India. Cont, a fixed oil, &c. Alteratv, tonic; emetic in large doses. BIelleborus niger.—Purgative. Dose of powd. rhiz., 10 to 20 gr. IHenna.-Lvs. of Lawsonia inermis, L. spinosa, L. alba. Cosmetic dye. Hibiscus esculentus (Malvaceae). (Ind. Pharm.)— Okra, or edible Hibiscus, is cultivated throughout the tropics; the fresh immature capsules are official. It is emollient, demulcent, and diuretic, and probably cont. the same mucilage as Althaea. Bydrocotyle asiatica (Umbelliferae). (Ind. Pharm.) —Loc. India, common. Herb used for spec. skin dis., scaly eruptns., ozoena; as an alteratv., diuretc. Dose, 4 to 10 gr. Hymenodictyon excelsum. (Ind. Pharm.) –Cont. hymenodictyonine (alkld.) and aesculin. Astringt., bitter, tonic, febrifg. Ipomaea caerulea.—Purgative, painless, acts speedily and then ceases. Dose of tr. (1 in 5), 1 to 2 fl. 5. Jacaranda lancifoliata.-Ext. has been used for syphilis, gonorrh., gleet. J. procera, J. tomentosa (Caroba) also said to be similar. Jambul.-The seeds of Eugenia Jambolana. This drug is said to check the diastasic conversion of starch into sugar, and therefore has been given for diabetes. Dose, of powd., 5 to 10 gr. Jatropha Curcas.-Nut cont. purgtv. oil, which is also used extern. to increase secretn. of milk. Dose, 1 to 15 drops = 1 fl. 5 of castor oil. Kava-Kava. –Pipa methysticum. Root cont. vol. oil, acrid resin, and kavalin (methysticin) allied to piperin. Bitter tonic, stim., diuretic; useful in gonorrh., gout. §º of inf. (1 in 320), 1/2 pint; of fl. ext., 15 to m. 129 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. IKoromiko.— Veronica salicifolia, V. parviflora. Herbs used in chron. dysentery and diarrhoea. Dose of tr. (1 in 5 P. Sp.), 1/2 to 15. Lacmanthes tinctoria.-Used to relieve cough. Dose of tr. (1 in 10 P. Sp.), 1 to 10 m. Lanolin.—A purified wool fat. It contains considerable quantities of cholesterin and isocholesterin, with stearic and palmitic ethers of these alcohols, also glycerides of various fatty acids. Lanolin is used as a vehicle in oint- ments, and is considered to be more readily absorbed by the skin than are ordinary fats. Laminaria spiralis.-Used as tent to dilate excretory canals. Lycoperdon giganteum (Puff ball).-Used as hamo- static. Lythrum Saligaria.-Astringt. bitter tonic. Dose of powd. herb, 60 gr. Malva sylvestris.-Marsh Mallow. Resembles Althaea, and forms emulcent Decoct. IManaca (Franciscea uniflora).-Purgtv., diuretic; used in syphilis, rheumatism. Mandragorina.-A crys. alkald. from mandrake root, Mandragora officinalis. The sulphate is a mydriatic. Maydis stigmata.-The stigmata of nearly ripe fruit of Zea Mays are demulcent and diuretic, and used in acute and chronic affectns. of kidneys and bladder, such as catarrh of, cystitis, nocturnal incontinence of urine, also cardiac dropsy. Dose of fl. ext., 1 fl. 3. Menyanthestrifoliata.-Cont. menyanthin (glucosd.), and is bitter tonic, emmenag. antiscorbtc., vermiſg., febrify. ; emet. and purgtv. in large doses. Mucuma pruriens (Leguminosae). (Ind. Pharm.)—The hairs of pod of cowhage, common throughout India. Anthelmintic. Action mechanical, and used for expulsion of :*::::"...". and A. vermicularis. Hairs are mixed with syrup to consistency of honey. Dose, 1/2 fl. 3 for child; 1/2 fl. 3 for adult. y , 1/ K 130 PHARMAcists' Pocket-book. Mylabris Cichorii (Coleoptera). (Ind. Pharm.)—The dried insect, or Telini fly, extending from Italy through Greece and Egypt to China; common in India. Vesicant, a complete substitute for cantharides. Oleum Gynocardiae.—Chaulmºgra Oil. Fix. oil from seeds of G. odorata. Given intern. and externally for phthisis, scrofula, marasmus, psoriasis, lupus, leprosy, iš. rheumatism and gout. Dose (intern.), 2 to 15 gr. Olibanum.—The gum resin from Boswellia thurifera. Stimult., antispasmdc.; used by fumigation. Opoponax Chironium.–Gum resin of, is antispasmd., resembles Ammoniacum. Dose, 10 to 30 gr. Oryza sativa (Gramineae). (Ind. Pharm.)—The seeds of common rice. Pancreas.-The secretion of this organ is said to contain four ferments (enzymes); these are (1) trypsin, which peptonises proteids, (2) a ferment which curdles casein of milk, (3) pancreatic diastase, which converts starch into grape sugar and dextrin, and (4) emulsive ferment, which emulsifies and partially saponifies fats. Various prepara- tions of pig's pancreas are sold, and used generally to aid digestion. Papayotin (Papain). From juice of Carica papaya. Digests fibrin. sed to remove warts, &c., from skin, in chron. eczema, to remove false membrane in diphtheria. Penghawar Djambi. Lower part of stipes of a large fern from Sumatra; a powerful styptic. Pharbitis Nil (Conrolvulaceae). (Ind. Pharm.)—Seeds of Kaladana cont. purgtv. resin, pharbitisin, of which dose is 2 to 8 gr. Phellandrium aquaticum.—Water Fennel. Fruit is stim., diaphoret., expectrnt., used in phthisis, bronchitis Pinus Pumilio.—The oil of the leaf of this pine is used for inhalations, baths, &c. It possesses a more agreeable odour than Ol. Pini Sylvestris. 131 PHARMACISTS' pocket-Book. Piscidia erythrina. Root-bark is general sedatv.; relieves cough, toothache, &c.; allay's pain, spasm, nerv. excitement. Dose of ext, 20 m to 2 5. Plantago ºpºlº (Plantagineae). (Ind. Pharm.)— The seeds of Isphagúl, cultiva. in India. Cont, mucilage and is demulcent and mildly astringent. Plocaria. Helminthocorton.—Corsican Moss. An- thelmintig, especially for Ascaris lumbricoides. Dose, 60 to 120 gr. Polygonum Bistorta.-Astringt., used in passive haemorrhage and mucous discharges. Dose of powd. root, 20 to 30 gr. Pºphy; laciniata.-Used as alteratv. in scorbutic and scrofulous affections. Quebracho Cortex (Aspidiosperma Quebracho).-Cont. “aspidiospermine” (a mixt. of 6 alkalds.). Antipyretic; has been used for dyspnoea of asthma. Dose of tr. (1 in 5 P. Sp.), 1/2 to 1 fl. 5. Rhododendron chrysanthemum. Stimulant then - depressant, used in rheumat., gout. Dose, 1/2 oz. of leaves as decoct. (1 in 20). Rubia tinctorum.–Madder. Root tonic and em- menag.: used in atonic amenorrhoea. Dose, 30 to 120 gr. Salix nigra.-Root of Black or Pussy Willow is used as a sexual sedative. Dose, of liq. ext. (1 in 1), 1/2 to - Saponaria. Vaccaria.-Galactagogue. Sarracenia purpurea.-Pitcher plant. Is considered tonic and diuretic. Scopolia japonica.-Cont, scopoline |...}} which is equal to atropine as mydriatic and effect lasts longer. Scrophularia nodosa.-Leaves used as ointment, in pemphigus, rupia, tinea capitis, empetigo, and other skin diseases. K 2 132 PHARMACISTS' Pocker-Book. Sethia acuminata. Vermifuge and narcotic. Useful for roundworms in children. Dose of ext. (2 = 1 of lys.), 20 to 40 m. Siegesbeckia orientalis.-Said to be useful, com- bined with KI, in gout and syphilis; juice is applied to gangrenous sores and for tinea and thrush. Simaruba anara.-Bark is astring., and bitt. tonic. Diarrh, and dysentery. Dose of inf. (180 gr. to 1 pt.), 1 to 2 fl. 3. Simulo (Capparis cariacea).-Fruit useful in nerv. dis.; hysteria and particularly epilepsy. Sinapis juncea (Cruciferae). (Ind. Pharm.)—Seeds of Indian mustard or Rai. Very similar to ordinary mustard, and imported into Britain to serve as mustard. Solanum dulcamara. (Ind. Pharm.)—P. 105. Soymida febrifuga (Meliaceae). (Ind. Pharm.)—The bark of the Rohun tree, from mount. forests of Malabar, Concan, and Central India. Cont. a resins. substance, also tannic acid. Astringent tonic and periodic. Squalus Carcharius (Pisces). (Ind. Pharm.)—The liver of the white shark, common in the Indian seas. Contains a variety of stearin called squalin. Substitute for cod liver oil Strophanthus hispidus.-Seeds cont. strophanthin allied to digitalin) and inein. Cardiac tonic and diuretic. ose (hypoderm), 1/120 to 1/60 gr. Tayuya (Trianosperma ficifolia).-Cont. tayuyina, which is drastic purgtv. and emetic, lymphatic excitant, and active depurative. Tertiary syphilis and dropsy. Dose of tr. (1 in 4 P. Sp.), 6 to 15 m increased. Terebinthina Chia (Pistacia Terebinthus).—Oleo-resin, said to be useful in uterine cancer. Thapsia garganica.-Cont. arubifacient resin (Codex). Tinospora cordifolia (Memispermaceae). (Ind. Pharm.) —Root and stems of Gulancha. Loc. tropical India. Cont. a bitter prin., but composition not determined. Tonic, antiperiodic, and diuretic. 133 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Toddalia aculeata (Rictaceae). (Ind. Pharm.)—The root bark of the plant, which is a native of the Madras peninsula. Comp. not well examined. Arom, tonic and stimulant. Tonga.-A preparatn, made partly from liq. º from bark of Epipreminum mirabile. Used for neuralgia. Tormentilla (Potentilla Tormentilla),—Root is astring. tonic. , Dose of powd., 30 to 60 gr. ; of decoct. (1 in 10), 1 to 2 fl. 3. Tussilago farfara.-Coltsfoot. Herb is demulcent. Tylºphº asthmatica (Asclepiadeae). (Ind. Pharm.) —The dried leaves of the Antamul, common in Bengal, Madras peninsula, Ceylon. Emetic, diaphoretic, and ex- pectorant. Urtica dioica.-Stinging Nettle. The alcoh. fl. extract is haemostatic. Verbascum thapsus.-Lvs. as tr. (1 in 8 P. Sp.). used in phthisis to increase weight; smoked to control cough. Dose of tr., 20 to 60 ml. Vinca major.—Great Periwinkle Herb. Astringent, used in menorrhagia and uterine haemorrhage. Dose of liq. ext., 1 to 2 fl. 5 frequently. Wiscum album.—Mistletoe. Berries said to be emetic and purgtv., and have been used in hysteria and epilepsy. Dose in powd., 10 to 60 gr. Yerba Santa. Eriodictyom glutinosum (E. californicum). —Lvs. are stim. to bronchial mucous membrns. ; used for phthisis, &c. Dose of “Malto-Yerbine,” 1 to 4 fl. 3. 134 PHARMACISTS' PockFT-Book. A LIST OF SOME DRUGs of DEFINITE COMPOSI- TION NoT OFFICIAL IN THE B.P. or U.S.P. Dose given is for adults. Acid. Catharticum.—A glucosd. from Alex. Senna. It has the purgtv. but not griping and nauseating action of this drug. It is sol. in aq., tasteless, and therefore easily taken. Acid. Chrysophanicum. — A constit. of Chrys- arobin, q.v. Acid. Hydrofluoricum (fluoric) HF.—Pprd. as 30% soln. by acting on fluor spar with H2SO4, and redistilling the soln. A diluted acid contg. #76 of this soln, is used in . of 15 to 60 m for goitre, diphtheria, &c. It corrodes glass Acid. Osmic.—OsO4. Used in 1% solution for hardening tissues for microscope; hypoderm. (dose, 5 m) for sar- coma, cancer, strumous glands, sciatica, neuralgia, goitre. Acid. Piºjº Trinitrophenic acid is pprl. by action of fi's 3 on carbolic acid. Used to harden tissues for microscope; in some forms of headache, but colours urine, skin, &c., yellow. The K salt is ex- plosive. Acid. Pyrogallicum.–C6H3(HO)3. Pprd. by heatg. gallic acid. ose, 1/2 to 14 gr. Used with silver to stain hair, and in photography as a developer. Given to check haemoptysis; in psoriasis. AEthyl Bromidum.–C2H5Br. Hydrobromic ether boils 105° F. (40-5°C.), and has sp. gr. 1-419. Anaesthetic and inhaled for nerv. headache. AEthyl Iodidum. – C2H51. Hydriodic ether boils 148° F (64 °4°C.), and has sp. gr. 1-94. Anaesthetic and inhaled to relieve dyspnoea of bronchitic asthma and oedematous laryngitis. - Aldehydum.—C2H40. Used in a diluted form as inhaltn. in ozoena and catarrh, congestions. A dangerous anaesthetic. 135 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Ammonii Formias.-HCO2NH4. Dose, 5 to 10 §: Stimult. in chron affectns. of nerv. system, epilepsy, VC. Amylene.—C10H10. Anaesthetic, but seldom used. Aniline.—Cohº N. Used as sulphate. Dose, 1 gr. Used in chron. spasmdc. nerv. affections. Antipyrin.-Dimethylozychimicine. C11H12ON2. An alkald. ppra. by synthesis as a white sol. jºi. with sweetish bitter taste. Dose, 30 gr. hourly for 3 hours, hypoderm. if it causes vomiting. Antipyretic. It some- times, but rarely, causes vomitg. and collapse. Causes perspiration. Apomorphina.-C17H17NO2. An alkld. derived from morphine by the action of HCl, Dose, 1/20 gr. It is injected subcutaneously as an emetic. Arbutin.—A crys, glucosd. from Uva-ursi leaves and other spec. of Ericaceae. Dose, 15 to 60 gr. For uses see Uvae-ursi Folia B.P. Aº A crys. substance from Althaea, Belladonna, Glycyrrhiza, &c. Dose, 1 to 2 gr. Stimult. diuretic in dropsy and chron, gout. Bromal Hydras.-C2H3OH. Large oblique prisms ppra. in similar manner to chloral hydrate. Dose, 2 to . It has an irritg action upon skin, and paral. heart; unsuitable for use internally. Useful in epilepsy Brucina.-C28H26N2O4. An alklä. occurring with strych- nine in various spec. of Strychnos. Sol. in alcoh., in 100 pts. of chlorofm., in 850 pts. of cold aq. Similar to but much less powerful physiologically than strychnine, and more easily eliminated. Dose, 1/12 to 1/2 gr. Has been used for epilepsy. Camphora Salicylata.-Pord, by heating camphor, 84 pts., with salicylic acid, 65 pts. ; and can be obtained in definite crystals. Dose, 1 to 5 gr. Carbonis Tetrachloridum.—CC14. A heavy liqd. (sp. gr. 1-56), volatile and mobile, with quince-like odour. Anaesthetic, but effects transient. Used as inhalatn. to relieve pain; for hay fever, dysmenorrhoea, &c. 136 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Chinoline, quinoline.—CaFITN. A vol. base which can be ppra. synthetically, and forms crys. salts. It is given as tartrate in 5 to 15 gr, doses, or as salicylate. Germicide, antiseptic, antipyretic. Chlorum.—Chlorine. Used as Liq. Chlori, a soln. of the gas in water; sp. gr. 1'003. Dose, 10 m to 1/2 fl. 5, highly diluted. Antiseptic, slightly stimulant; used as a gargle, wash for wounds, &c. Colchicin.—The bitter active prin. of Colchicum autum- male. Dose, 1/32 to 1/16 gr. in a pill. Conina.-C8H15.N. A liqd. alkld. with mousy odour, from Conium maculatum. Dose, 1/4 gr., increased to 2 gr. Given also as hydrobromate in acute mania without organic brain dis., in spasmdc. affectns., neuralgia, &c. Coumarin –A neutrl. crys. prin. from Tonka beans, &c., but now made synthetically. Used for its odour. Daturina or Hyoscyamina. – C17H23NO3. An alklä. trom Datura Stramonium. Given as sulphate. Delphina.-C22H35NO3. An alkald. from Delphinium Staphisagria, D. consolida, &c.; it is sol. in ether (11 pts.). chloroſm. (15 pts.), absol. alcoh. (20 pts.). Dose, 1/4 to 1/2 gr. in pill for dropsy and spasmdc. asthma. Locally as ointment for neuralgia, ear-ache, &c. Duboisina.-Identical with Daturina or Hyoscyamina. Emetina.-An alkld. from Ipecac, Dose as expect. 1/200 to 1/50 gr. ; as emetc. 1/6 to 1/3 gr. Ethideni Dichloridum.—C2H4Cl2. A liqd. of B. Pt. 135–140°F. (45 to 48°C.), and sp. gr. about 1-2; sol. in. aq., 300 pts., and miscible with alcoh., ether, or chlorofm. Anaesthetic, said to be much safer than chloroform. Fuchsine.—C20H10N3, HCl. Hydrochlorate of Rosani- line. Dose, 1/4 to 4 gr. Said to be useful in renal albuminuria, but also said to be inert if pure. The comi. substance often contains arsenic. Hydrargyri Tannas.-Mercurous tannate is sol, only with decomp., but when treated with alkalies or their carb. it yields very finely divided Hg, which readily passes into the system. Dose, 14 gr. Used for syphilis, and gives rapid and favourable results. 137 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. Hydrogenii Peroxidum.—H2O2. Ppril. by addg. peroxide of Ba to diluted sulphuric acid, filtg., neutg. with barium oxide, and again filtg. The usual strength is 3.04%, which evolves 10 volumes of gas on heatg. It is the active ingred. of “Sanitas” and also of ozonic ether. Dose (of 10 vol.), 1/2 to 2 5. Antiseptic; used as applictn. to chancres, sore throat. Has been recommended for rheumatism, diabetes, cardiac dis., bleaching hair, &c. Hºlº uinone.—Para-dihydroxybenzene. º: btained chiefly from coal-tar. Action like resorcin, but 4 times stronger, and uses similar. Biyoscina.-A colorlss. syrupy alkald. from Hyoscyamus miger, Duboisia myoporoides, &c. Given as hydrochlorate, hydrobromate, or hydriodate, in doses of 1/300 to 1/100 gr. It is a pºwerful narcotic; used in insomnia; to calm excitement, &c. Hyoscyamina.-Wide p. 23. Ichthyol.—Sulpho-icthyolate of Ammonium. A tar-like substance containing sulphur, obtained by the distilltn. of a bituminous quartz containing remains of fish found in the Tyrol; the distillate is neutralised with ammonia. Salts are also formed with Li, Na, Zn, &c. The various compds. are used in 10 to 20 gr. doses for eczema, psoriasis, acne, favus, prurigo senilis, pruritis, chronic rheumatism. Rairin. — Hydrochlorate of ozyethyl-chinoline hydride. Dose, 3 to 30 gr. Antipyretic, causes perspiration. IKaolin.—China clay. H2O. Al2O3 + H2O.2SiO2. Kaolin purfd. by elutriation is used as applictn. to skin. “Cimo- lite” is a special preparatn. of it. It is also useful in making pills or powders of silver nitrate, pot. permang., &c. Methyl Chloridum.—CH3Cl. This gas is used as an anaesthetic by dentists, being supplied from cylinders in same way. It is also applied (obliquely) to the skin in treatment of rheumat., pleurisy, &c. Methyleni Dichloridum.—CH2Cl2. Pprd. by action of nascent H on chlorofm., sp. gr. 17344, and B. Pt. 40°C. 104°F.). Used as an anaesthetic, especially in ovariotomy. he coml. substance is of doubtful purity. 138 PHARMACists' Pocket-book. Mollin.-A white soap, containing about 17% of fat in excess. Used as an ointment where absorption is required, especially in combination with Hg salts. Morphinae Hydrobromas.-C17H19NO3. HBr,3H2O. Given with Acid. Hydrobrom, as a sedatv., and considered to have less action upon the brain than other salts of morphine. Muscarine.—The active prin. of poisons. fungi; is a powerful sialogogue and antidote to atropine, v. p. 361. Naphthalin.-C10Hs. Is used as an antiseptic on the intestines, and has proved useful in typhoid fever, diarrhoea, &c. Dose, 14 to 8 gr. Naphthol.– C10H10.H. 8 Naphthol is antiseptic and germicide, and has been employed in skin diseases. Naphthol.—C10H10H. Crys. sol. in alcoh., ether, chlorofm., olive oil, vaseline; sparingly sol. in hot aq. 8 Naphthol only is used; it has an action upon the skin like tar; used in scabies, eczema, and local sweating. Narceina. – C28H29NO9. An alkald. from opium (v. p. 452). Dose, 1/8 to 1. gr. Soporific, less head- ache and perspiratn. than morphine. Narcotina. – Cz2H23NOT. An alkald. from opium. Dose, 1 to 3 gr. Antiperiodic. Nicotina. – C10H14N2. A vol. alklä. from tobacco v. p. 457); sol. in aq., alcoh., ether. Dose, 1/6 to 1. gr. sed for tetanus; it is an antidote to strychnine. Nitroglycerinum.—Glomoine. C3H5(NG3)3. Ppril. by the action of a mixt. of nitric and sulphuric acids on glycerine. Dose, 1/200 to 1/50 gr., increased to 1/10 gr. Its action resembles that of nitrites, but is more persistent. Produces headache in some persons. Used like amyl nitrite. Papaverina.-C21H21NO4. . An alklä. from opium (v. p. 452). Dose, 1/12 to 1/3 gr. Narcotic, without previous excitement or subsequent headache and giddiness. Paraldehyde.—C2H4O. Dose, 30 to 60 m. Acts like chloral, but with less depressing action upon heart ; unsuitable with gastric irritation. 139 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Quinetum.—The mixed alklós. from red cinchona bark. It cont. principally cinchonidine (50 to 70%), with quinine, cinchonine, &c. Dose, 1 to 5 gr., or more. Resorcin.—Meta-dihydroxybenzene. CoH (HO)2. Pprd. by heatg. caustic soda with meta-benzene disulphonate to 250° C. White crys, plates sol. in less than 2 parts aq., and 20 pts. olive oil. Dose, 5 to 15 or 30 gr. Powerfully antiseptic; antipyretic. Used locally in diph- theria, skin dis., syphilitic sores; and (in bladder) in cys- titis. Prod. great perspirtn., and antipyrtc. action is short. Saccharinum.—Benzoyl sulphonic imide. C6H4(CO) (SO2)NH. A derivate of coal tar, closely connected with the phenol compas. It has 100 to 300 (variously estimated) times the sweetening power of cane sugar, and is secreted by kidneys unchanged. Used where sugar is objectionable, as in diabetes. Scillain.—A prin. from squill. Cinnamon-brown powd. insol in aq. and ether, sol. in alcoh. Acts like digitalin. Scillipicrin.-A prin. from squill. Yell.-white powd. sol. in aq. Powerfully retards heart. Terebene.—An isomer of oil of turp. C10H16. Anti- septic, disinfectant, deodorizer; used as inhalation. Thalline.—Tetrahydroparamethylozychinolin. An alkld." |. synthetically as a colorlss. sol. powd., with odour ike meadow-sweet. Dose, 5 gr. or more. Antipyretic. Theobromina.-C7H8N402. An alklä. from cacao, v. p. 456. It is allied to caffeine, being dimethyl-xanthine, and caffeine trimethyl-xanthine. Trichlorophenol C6H3Cl30.—White acic. crys. pre- pared by acting upon phenol with chlorinated lime. It is insol. in aq., but forms soluble salts with bases. Used in purulent ophthalmia as a 2% soln. Trimethylamina.-N(CH3)3. Pprd. by distg, herring brine or stale fish with lime. The hydrochlorate is in deliq. crys., is sol. in aq., and is given in 2 to 3 gr. doses in rheumatism and gout. 140 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Ulexina.-A crys. alkld. from Ulex europaeus (common furze); it is a powerful diuretic. Said to benumb the tongue, and to act as an antidote to strychnine. Requires caution in use. Uranii Nitras.-(UO)NO3, 3 H2O. Sol. in aq. Dose, 1 to 5 §: Given for diabetes, and used as a throat spray (10 gr. to 13). Urethane.—Ethyl carbonate. It is used as a hypnotic in delirium tremens, acute mania, and suitable for children; instead of chloroform in tetanus, &c. 141 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. NOTES ON THE ORDINARY FOOD MATERIALS, CONDIMENTS, &c. THE CEREALS- Wheat.—The grain of var. spec. of Triticum, e.g. T. aestivum, T. hybernum, T. compositum, T. polonicum. From wheat the following foods are obtained :-flour, bread, vermicelli, macaroni, semolina, soujee, manna croup, cagliari, &c. Barley.-The grain of var. spec. of Hordeum, e.g. H. distichon, H. vulgare, H. hexastichon, H. zeocriton. Barley yields a flour used for making a form of bread; 3. yields other forms of food, as malt, pearl barley, Conol. Oats.-The grain of Avena sativa, of which there are many Varieties. Oatmeal is the ground grain; groats are oat grains divested of husk and integument ; embden and pre- pared groats are crushed groats. Oats are used as a source of alcohol. Rye.—The grain of Secale cereale. Rye bread, rye beer, and ergot are useful products of rye. Maize.—The grain of Zea Mays. Maize is the most fattening of the cereals; it has a laxative tendency. Polenta, corn-flour, maizena, and various alcoholic beverages are made from maize. Rice.—The grain of Oryza sativa, of which there are many varieties. Rice is most largely used of all the cereals; it has a constipating tendency. The albuminoid constituents of the cereals are various. Gluten from wheaten flour is insoluble. Cerealin is a soluble nitrogenous principle in bran; it acts as a ferment rendering starch soluble, and when present in flour makes the dough unsuitable for bread making. In spite of this fact, however, 142 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. a recurrent agitation in favour of “whole meal” is in existence. Barley, rye, oat, and maize flours contain soluble albumi- ". and yield dough less tough and elastic than dough from Wheat. The following table shows the average % composition of the cereal grains:– wº. º Oats. | Rye. Maize. Rice. Water 11 * 1 || 12' 0 || 14-2 || 14-3 || 11-5 10-8 Starch 62-3 || 52-7 || 56 - 1 || 54-9 54 - 8 || 78-8 "at . . . . . . 1-2 2-6 4' 6 2 - 0 4 - 7 0-1 Cellulose . . . . . 8-3 || 11.5 || 1:0 | 6’ 4 || 14-9 || 0:2 Gum and Sugar 3-8 || 4-2 || 5 || 7 || 11-3 || 2-9 || 1 - 6 Albuminoids . 10-9 || 13-2 16 - 0 8-8 8-9 7-2 Ash . . . . . . 1 * 6 2-8 2-2 1-8 1-6 0-9 Loss, &c. . . . . 0-8 1 - 0 0-2 0-5 0-7 0-4 STARCHY FOODS – Tapioca.-The starch from Manihot utilissima (Tropics). The starch is well washed, and is known as cassava starch. Tapioca is made by moistening this, and drying it upon hot plates. Sago.—The starch from Metroxylon Sagu and M. Rumphii (E. Archipelago). The trulks are cut up, and the pulp kneaded with aq., and strained, and the starch allowed to deposit. The dried starch is mixed into a paste, and this is sieved. The grains, falling upon a hot pan, dry in a spherical form. Arrowroot.—There are several kinds of starch under this name, all from tropical sources. W. Indian (Bermuda, S. Vincent) arrowroot from rhiz of Maranta arundinacea, E. Indian from Curcuma angustifolia and other spec. of C., Canna edulis and other spec. of C., Tacca pinnatifida, T. involucrata, Zamia integrifolia, and other spec. of T., Arum maculatum, A. italicum, Alstroemeria Lytu, are plants from which this form of starch is obtained. 143 PHARMACISTs' PockFT-Book. SPICES AND CONDIMIENTS- Aniseed, Capsicum, (Chillies), Caraway, Car- damoms, Chiretta, Cinnamon, Cloves (Caroph.), Coreander, Gentian, Ginger (Ziu- gib.), Mustard, Nutmeg (Myrst.), Mace, All- sº (Pimento), Vanilla.-See Notes on Materia edica. Cumin.-The fruit of Cuminum Cyminum from Sicily and Malta. Cont. cuminol (cumin aldehyde). Sometimes used in curry powder. Galangal.-The root of Galanga officinarum. Loc. S. China. Cont. a pungent principle allied to that of ginger. Pepper.—This name is widely applied. For Piper nigrum, see p. 38. White pepper is from the same plant; the seeds used being riper and the black pericarp removed. Long pepper is from Piper longum (E. Archip.) and P. officinarum (E. Indies). Soy is prepared from the beans of Soja bispida by the Chinese, and is the base of many popular sauces. BEVER.A.G.ES- Tea.—The leaves of Thea chinensis (China) and T. assamica (Assam) cont. an alkaloid theine (caffeine). Coffee.—The seeds of Coffea arabica, C. liberica, and other species cont. caffeine. Cocoa is made from the seeds of Theobroma Cacao, which are divested of husks, ground, pressed, &c. Cont. oil of Threobroma, q.v.; also an alkaloid theobromine allied to caffeine. 144 PHARM \cists' pocket-Book. PH A R M A C E U TICAL PR EPA R AT I O NS, B.P. (Arranged alphabetically.) The figures in brackets give the number of official preparations. Aceta, Vinegars (3).-Solutions of medicines in vinegar or acetic acid. Alkaloidea, Alkaloids.-Organic bases (compound am- monias). See Notes on Mat. Med., Definite Substances. Aquae, Waters (16).-Solutions (with 4 exceptions) of volatile oils in water. Cataplasma, Cataplasms or Poultices (6). Chartae, Papers (2). Collodia, Collodions (3). Confectiones, Confections, Electuaries, or Conserves (8). Soft pastes containing the drug mixed with honey or sugar. Decocta, Decoctions (13).-Solutions of the active part of the drug, made by boiling, usually for 10 to 20 minutes. Emplastra, Plasters (14).-Adhesive substances spread upon leather or cloth. Enemata, Enemas (5).-Preparations for injection into the rectum. Essentiae, Essences (2).-Strong solutions of vol. oils. in R.S.V. (1 in 4). Extracta, Extracts (34).-Preparations of the soluble parts of plants obtained by extraction and evaporation to a pasty condition. Liquid extracts are similar preparations, but are not evaporated to the same extent. Glycerina, Glycerines (9).-Solutions in glycerol. Infusa, Infusions (28).-Preparations made by pouring boiling water on the drug. Injectiones Hypodermicae, Hypodermic Injections (3).--Strong solutions for subcutaneous injection. 145 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-BOOK. Lamellae, Gelatine Discs (3)-Thin discs of gelatine with some glycerol, each weighing about ºn gr., chiefly for administration to the eye. Linimenta, Liniments or Embrocations (16).--Prepara- tions for local application; the base is usually olive oil, and camphor is added in most cases to diminish the risk of internal application. - Liquores, Solutions (48).-Solutions in water, with or without other solvents. Mellita, Honeys (4).-Preparations in which honey is the vehicle. Misturae, Miztures (10).-Mixtures of insoluble substances with water; gum, &c., being sometimes used to cause suspension. Mucilagines, Mucilages (3).-Thick solutions, partial or complete, of gum or starch, with heavy powders in suspension. Olea, Oils, Fixed (9), Volatile (25).-W. pp. 193 and 196. Oleata, Oleates (2).-Solutions of bases in oleic acid. In a general chemical sense an oleate is any salt of oleic acid. Oleoresinae, oleoresins (1)—Mixtures of volatile oil and resin. Oxymel.-W. Mellita. Pilulae, Pills (21).--Small spherical masses usually weigh- ing not more than 5 grains. Pulveres, Powders (15).-Preparations containing two or more substances mixed together in a pulverised condition. The fineness of powders is indicated by figures expressing the number of wires per linear inch in the sieve through which they have been passed. Besinae, Resins (5).-Resins are amorphous, brittle solids, of acid character, resulting from the oxidation of Terpenes (C10H16). Spiritus, Spirts (18).-Solutions of ethers or vol. oils in alcohol. The term includes Spir. Vin. Rect. and Spir. Ten. L 146 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. Suppositoria, Suppositories (8).--Small conical masses, usually having cocoa butter as basis, for introduction into the rectum. Succi, Juices (8).-The fresh juices of plants, with or without spirit added to preserve. Syrupi, Syrups (17).-Strong solutions of cane sugar, con- taining medicinal substances. Tabellae, Tablets (1)—Tablets of chocolate containing the drug. Tincturae, Tinctures (72).-Solutions of active principles in spirit; proof or rectified spirit being employed, according as it is the better solvent. Trochisci, Lozenges (11)—Small flat and hard substances consisting chiefly of sugar, intended for administration by the mouth. TJnguenta, Ointments (43).-Admixtures of medicines with fatty substances for external application; the fat may be lard, bees'-wax, and almond oil, or the semi-solid rssidues from American petroleum. Vapores, Vapours (6).-Preparations for the application of volatile drugs to the air passages. Vina, Wines (10).-Preparations similar to tinctures, sherry or orange wine being used instead of spirit. Aceta, Vinegars. Acetum.—V. p. 52. Acetum Cantharidis.-Canth., 1 p. ; Ac. Acet. Gl., 1 fl. p. ; Ac. Acet., 10 fl. p. or q.s. Mix 13 fl. p. of the Ac. Acet. . with the Ac. Acet. Gl. and dig. Canth. for 2 hours at 93-3°C. (200°F.), percolate when cool, finally with 5 fl. p. of Ac. Acet. Squeeze residue and filter the expressed liquid, mix the two liquids, and add Ac. Acet, to 10 fl. p. Sp. gr. about 1*06. Acetum Scillae.—Squill, brsd., 1 p.; Ac. Acet. Dil., 8 fl. p. ; mac. squill in acid 7 days, strain with expression, filter. Sp. gr. about 1:038. Dose, 15 to 40 m, 9 to 2.4 c.C. º Name. . Anethi ,, Anisi. . ,, Camphorae. . ,, Carui .. , Chlorof. , Cinnam. , Foenic. .. ,, Laurocer. .. , Menth. Pip. Wir. -- -- , Pimentae .. , Rose .. , Sambuci .. , Aurant. Fior. Quantity of Drug. Water. 1 lb. 2 gall. -- -- + oz. 1 gall. 1 lb. 2 gall. 1 fl. 5 25 fl. 3. 20 oz. 2 gall. 1 lb. -- -- 2} pnt. 1+ fl. 5 is gall. # to 2 fl. 3; 14 to 57 c.C. Dose. # to 2 fl. 3; 14 to 57 c.C. 1 to 2 fl. 3; 28 to 57 c.C. # to 2 fl. 3; 14 to 57 c.C. -- -- -- -- "5 to 30 m -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Table showing the Aquae (Waters) of the B.P. Distil 10 gallons. The comb, distild. aq. of sw. and bt. orange flowers. Mac. 2 days; use Aq. Dest.; submerge camph. Distill gallon. Shake till dissolved : us Aq. Dest. Distill gallon. Chop, crush lvs. ; d pnt. ; make 1% H Distill gall. ; use ( Pip. Distil 1 gall.; us Wi 1r. Distill gallo' Note.—Besides these there are Aqua and Aq. Dest.; of the rest all, e Aq. Laurocer., are water with 1 % of vol. oil in solution. Remarks. c. - .vcKET-Book. a plasmata, Poultices, B.P. Made without linseed meal. .ia- ºnti. Beer yeast, 3 p.; wheat flour, 7 p.; aq., 3 fl. p.: mix yeast with aq. at 37.8°C. (100°F.) and stir in flour, leaving mass near fire to rise. Made with linseed meal. Carbonis. , Wood charcl., 1 p.; bread crumb, 4 p.; lin. ml., 3 p.; boilg. aq., 20 fl. p.: mac. bread in aq. for 10 min., stir in lin. gradually, mix in the char. and sprinkle remainder on surface. Conii. Suc. Conii, 1 fl. p. ; lin. ml., 4 p. ; boilg. aq., 10 fl. p.: evap. Suc. to + vol., add this to mixed meal and aq. Lini. Lin. ml., 2 p. ; boilg. aq., 5 fl. p. ; stir in meal gradually. Sinapis. Mustard in fine powd., 24 oz. ; lin. ml., 23 oz.: mix must with 2 or 3 fl. 3 of lukewarm aq., meal with 6 or 8 fl. 3 of boilg. aq.; add former to latter, and stir. Sodas Chlorin. Liq. Sod Chl., 1 fl. p. ; lin. ml., 2 p. ; boilg. aq., 4 fl. p. ; mix meal with aq., stir in Liq. Sod. Chl. Note.—Used to apply moisture and warmth, or medica- ments; Cat. Conii to relieve pain, Cat. Lin. to stimul. skin, Cat. Ferm. & Cat. Sod. Chl. to remove foetor, or as disin- fectants. - Chartae, Papers, B.P. Charta epispastica, Blistering paper. White wax, 4 oz. or 16 p.; Spermaceti, 14 oz. or 6 p.; Olive oil, 2 fl. 3 or 8 fl. p. ; Resin, 3 oz. or 3 p.; Canada bals., 4 oz. or 1 p.; Canthard. (powd.), 1 oz. or 4 p. ; Aq. Dest., 6 fl. 3 or 24 fl. p. Digest all, except Can, bals, in aq. bath for 2 hrs, with con- stant stirring, strain and separ. from aq. liqd.: melt plaster, add Can. bals., and coat one side of paper (ruled in sq. in.). Charta Sinapis, Mustard paper. Mustard powd., 1 oz. ; Liq. Gutta Percha, 2 fl. oz. or suff. Mix and coat paper on one side, allow to dry in air. - Not F.—Chartae are used to produce rubefaction or vesica- tion, 149 PHARMACIsrs' POCKET-B00K. Collodia, Collodions, B.P. Collodium. Pyroxylin, 1 p. ; ether, 36 p.; R. Spir., 12 fl. p.: mix ether and R. S., diss. Pyrox., decant. C. Flexile. Collod., 48 p.; Tereb. Can., 2 p.; Ol. Ric, 1 p.: mix. C. Vesicans. Blisterg, liqd., 20 fl. p.; Pyrox., 1 p.: shake till dissolved. Note.—Keep Coll. and C. Flex. in well-corked bottle; C. Wes. in stopd. do., B.P Confectiones, Confections, Electuaries, or Conserves, B.P. Confectio Aromatica, Pulv. Cret. Arom. Cinnam. brk., 4 p.; nutmeg, 3 p.; saffron, 3 p.; cloves, 13 p.; coriand. seeds, 1 p.; sug., 25 p.; prepa. chalk, 11 p.; all in powd.: mix and sieve. Dose, 10 to 60 gr, '6 to 4 G. C. Opii. Pulv. Op. Co., 1 p.; syrup, 3 p.: mix. Dose, 5 to O gr., 3 to 1.3 G. C. Piperis. Black pepper, 2 p.; caraway frt., 3 p.; clar. honey, 15 p.: rub together. Dose, 60 to 120 gr., 4 to 8 G. C. Ros. Can. Hips (frt. remvd.), 1 p.; sug., 2 p. : pulp hips, sieve, add sugar, rub together. C. Ros. Gall. Frsh. pet., 1 p.; sug., 3 p.: pulp pet, add sug., rub together. C. Scammonii. Scam. Resn., 48 p.: ginger, 24 p. ; both powd.” oil caraway, 2 fl. p. ; oil cloves, 1 fl. p. ; syr., 48 fl. p. ; clar. honey, 24 p. rub powd., syr., honey, together; add oils, and mix. Dose, 10 to 30 gr., 6 to 2 G. C. Sennae. Senna, 7 p.; coriand. frt., 3 p. ; both powd.; figs, 12 p.; tamrind., 9 p.; cass. plp., 9 p.; prunes, 6 p.; Ext. Glycy., 1 p.; sug., 30 p. ; Aq. Dest., to 75 p.: boil figs, prunes, with 24 p. Aq. Dest. for 4 hrs., make up loss of 150 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. aq., mix in tamrind., cass, plp., digest 2 hrs., sieve; to pulp add sug. and Ex. Gly., diss, by heat, add powd. ; mix, make 75 p. with aq. Dose, 60 to 120 gr, 4 to 8 G. C. Sulphuris. Sulph. Subl., 4 p.; HKT, 1 p., powd.; Syr. Aurant., 4 f. p. ; tragac. powd., º, p.: rub together. Dose, 60 to 120 gr., 4 to 8 G. C. Terebinth. Oil turp., 1 fl. p.; Glyc. Rad., 1 p., powd.; clar. honey, 2 p.: rub first 2, add honey, mix. Ose, 60 to 120 gr., 4 to 8 G. Note.—Confections are soft pastes, convenient for giving bulky or evil-tasting drugs. The conf. of roses are merely vehicles. Decocta, Decoctions, B.P. Decoctum— Aloes Co. Ext. Al. Soc., 2 p. ; myrrh, saffron, pot. carb., 1 p. ea.; Ext. Gly., 8 p.; Tr. Card. Co., 60 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., to 200 fl. p.: powd. Al. and myrrh ; mix; add pot. carb., Ext. Gl., and Aq. Dest. (80 fl. p.); boil 5 min. ; add saff., cool, add Tr. Card. Co., mac. 2 hrs.; strain, make 200 fl. p. with Aq. Dest Dose, 1/2 to 2 fl. 3, 14 to 28 c.C. Cetrariae. Cetr., 1 p.; Aq. Dest., 20 fl. p. : wash moss in cold aq., boil with Aq. Dest. 10 min. ; strain hot, Aq. Dest. 20 fl. p. Dose, 1 to 4 fl. 3, 28 to 113 c.C. Cinchonae. Cinch. Rub. Cort., 14 p., 20 powd. ; Aq. Dest, 20 fl. p.: boil 10 min., strain cold, aq. to 20 fl. p. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28 to 57 c.C. Granati Rad. Gran. Rad. Cort., 2 p., sliced; Aq. Dest., 40 fl. .: boil to 20 fl. p., strain, Aq. Dest. to 20 fl. p. Dose, § to 4 fl. 3, 57 to 113 c.C. - Haematox. Logwood chips, 1 oz.; Cinnam. Cort., 55 gr. ; Aq. Dest., 1 pint: boil log. in Aq. Dest. 10 min., addg. cinnam. towards end; strain, aq. to 1 pint. Hordei. Hord. Decort., 2 p. ; Aq. Dest., 30 fl. p.: wash Hord. in cold aq. (rej. washgs.), boil with Aq. Dest. 20 min., strain. Dose, 1 to 4 fl. 3, 28 to 113 c.C. 151 PHARMACists' PockeT-Book. Decoctum— Papaver. Pap. Cap. brsd., 2 p. ; Aq. Dest., 30 fl. p. ; boil 10 min., strain, aq. to 20 fl. p. Dose, ad lib, for ext, use. Pareirae. Par. Rad., 1+ p 5 Aq. Dest., 20 fl. p. : boil 15 min., strain, aq. to 20 fl. p. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28 to 57 c.C. Quercăs. Oak brk. brsd., 14 p.; Aq. Dest., 20 fl. p.: boil 10 min., strain, aq. to 20 fl. p. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3. Sarsae. Jam. Sarsap, cut transv., 24 p. ; boilg. Aq. Dest., 30 fl. p.: digest 1 hr., boil 10 min., cool, strain, aq, to 20 fl. p. Dose, 2 to 10 fl. 3, 57 to 283 c.C. Sarsae Co. Jam. Sars, cut transv., 24 p.; Sassaf, Rad. chips Guaiac. Lig. turngs., Glycy. Rad drd. brsd., of ea. 4 p.; Mezer. Cort, , p ; boil. Aq. Dest, 30 fl. p.: digest solids in Aq. Dest. 1 hr., boil 10 min., cool, strain, aq, to 20 fl. p. Dose, 2 to 10 fl. 3, 57 to 283 c.C. Scoparii. Broom tops, drd. 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., 20 fl. p. : boil 10 min., strain, pour Aq. Dest. through strainer to 20 fl. p. Dose, 2 to 4 fl. 3, 57 to 113 c.C. Taraxaci. Tarx. Rad. drd. slicd. brsd., 1 p.; Aq. Dest., 20 fl. p.: boil 10 min., strain, aq. to 20 fl. p. Dose, 2 to 4 fl. 3, 57 to 113 c.C. Note. —Boiling should be done in covered vessel, and the A q. Dest. used to make up vol. is poured through the drugs in the strainer. Prolonged boiling would in many cases alter the decoct., or make it inert. Emplastra, Plasters, B.P. Emplastrum— Ammoniaci, c. Hydrargyro. Ammonc., 656 p.; Hg, 164 p.; olive oil, 7 p.; Sulp. Subl., 1 p.: heat oil, add S, stir till they unite; trit. Hg with mixt., liquefy ammo. and add ; mix. Belladonnae. Ext. Bellad. Alcoh., 1 p.; resin and soap plast., of ea. 2 p.: melt plast., add extract; mix. Calefaciens (warming). Canthar. powd., Ol. Myrist. Exp., Cera Fl., resin, of ea. 1 p.; Emp. Res., 13 p.; Emp. Sap., 8 p.: boilg, aq., 5 fl. p.: infuse canth. 6 hrs., squeeze through calico, evap, liq. to 3rd; add other ingred., melt; Inly. 152 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. Emplastrum— Cantharidis. Canthar. powd., 4 p.; Cera Fl., Sevum Praep., of ea. 24 p.: Adeps Præp., 2 p.; resin, 1 p.: mix and liqfy. wax, suet, fats, add melted resin; add canth., stir till cold. Ferri. Fe2O3, 1 p. ; Pix Burg, 2 p.; Emp. Plumb., 8 p. : melt plast. and pitch, add oxide; stir till cool. Galbani. Galb., Ammonc., Cera Fl., of ea. 1 p.; Emp. Plumb., 8 p.: melt Galb., Amm., strain and add to plast. and wax, also melted; mix. Hydrarg. Hg, 164 p.; olive oil, 7 p.; Sulp. Subl., 1 p.; Emp. Plumb., 328 p.: diss. S in hot oil, add Hg and trit., add melted plas. ; mix. Opii. Op. powd., 1 p.; Emp. Res., 9 p.: add Op. to melted resin by degrees; mix. Picis. Pix Burg., 26 p.: Thus, Amer., 13 p.; resin, Cera Fl., of ea. 44 p. ; Ol. Myris. Ex., 1 p.; olive oil, aq., of ea. 2 fl. p. : add aq. and oils to others prev. melted; evap., stirring. Plumbi. PbO, 5 p.: olive oil, 10 p.; aq., 5 p.: boil, simmer 4 or 5 hrs., adding aq. if necessary. Plumb. Iod. Pb12, 1 p.; Emp. Plumb., 8 p.; resin, 1 p.: add PbT2 to others, melted at low temp. ; mix. Resinae. Resin, 2 p.; Emp. Plumb., 16 p.; Sapo Animl., 1 p.: add liqfd. resin and soap to melted plas.; stir. Saponis. Sapo Animl., 6 p.; Emp. Plumb., 36 p.; resin, 1 p.: make as Emp. Res. Sap. Fusc. Sapo Animl. powd., 10 p.; Cera Fl., 124 p.; olive oil, 20 fl. p. ; PbO, 15 p : Acetum, 160 fl. p.: diss. PbO in Acet., stirring; add soap; boil till aq. mostly gone, add oil and wax melted together; stir till proper thickness. Note.—Emp. Plumb. is used as basis, and to cover slight wounds; Emp. Res., for worse wounds; Emp. Bellad. and Emp. Op., to lessen pain; Emp. Canthar, for vesictn. ; others for support or gentle stimulation. 153 PHARMACISTs' Pocket-book. Enemata, Enemas, Injections, or Clysters, B.P. Enema– Aloes. Aloes, 40 gr. ; pot. carb., 15 gr. ; Muc. Amyli, 10 fl. 3 : mix and rub together. Asafoetidae. Asaf., 30 gr. ; Aq. Dest., 4 fl. 3: ad aq. gradually to asaf., rubbing to emulsion. Magnes. Sulphat. Mg sulph., 1 oz. ; Ol. Olivae, 1 fl. 3; Muc. Amyli, 15 fl. 3: diss. salt in muc., add oil, and mix. Opii. Tr. Op., ; fl. 3; Muc. Amyli, 2 fl. 3: mix. Terebinth. Ol. Ter., 1 fl. 3; Muc. Amyli, 15 fl. 3: mix. Essentiae, Essences, B.P. Essentia Anisi. Ol. An., 1 fl. p. ; R.S.V., 4 fl. p. ; mix. Dose, 10 to 20 m., '59 to 1:2 c.C. Essentia Menth. Pip. Ol. M. Pip., 1 fl. p. ; R.S.V., 4 fl. p.: mix. Dose, 10 to 20 m., '59 to 1:2 c.C. Extracta, Extracts, B.P. Evaporations to be conducted by water-bath. Extractum— Aconiti. Ac. Fol., 112 lbs. ; bruise, press out juice, heat to 54-4° C. (130°. F.), remove green water by straining through calico, heat to 93-3°C. (200°F.), and filter; evap. to thin syrup, sieve green colrg. matter from calico and add to syrup, stir whole and evap. not above 50° C. (140° F.) to pill consist. Dose, 1/4 to 1 gr., '015 to '965 G. Aloes Barbadensis. Al. B. in fragments, 1 lb.; Aq. Dest. boilg., 1 gall. : mix, pour off clear liqd. after 12 hrs. and strain remainder, evap. mixed liqds. to dryness by warm air. Dose, 2 to 6 gr., 13 to 4 G. 154 PHARMAcists' PockeT-Book. Extractum— Aloes Soc. Al. S. in fragments, 1 lb. ; Aq. Dest, boilg., 1 gall. : mix, pour off clear liqd. after 12 hrs. and strain ; ºvap. mixed liqds. to dryness by warm air. Dose, 2 to 6 gr., 13 to 39 G. Anthemidis. Chaml. Flws., 1 lb. ; Ol. Anthem., 15 m. : Aq. Ilest., 1 gall. ; boil flws. with aq. to + vol., strain, press, filter; evap. to pill consist. on aq. bath, adding oil at end of process. Dose, 2 to 10 gr., 13 to '65 G. Belae Liq. Bael frt., 1 lb.; Aq. Dest., 12 pints; S.V.R., 3 fl. 3. : mac. 12 hrs. in of aq., pour off and repeat twice again for 1 hr. ; press marc. and filter mixed liqrs. through flannel, evap. to 14 fl. 3, add spir, when cold. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 3-5 to 7.1 c.C. Belladonna. Belldn., fresh, 112 lbs. Treat exactly as for Ext. Aconiti. Dose, 1/4 to 1 gr., '015 to '065 G. Calumbae. Calmb. rt., cut small, 1 lb.: Pr. Spir., 4 pints: mac. rt. with # the spir. 12 hrs., strain, press; repeat with remaining spir. ; mix and filt. lads., distil off spir., evap. residue by aq. bath to pill consist. Dose 2 to 10 gr., 13 to 65 G. Cannab. Ind. Ind. hemp, coarse powd., 1 lb. ; S.V.R. 4 pints: mac. 7 dys., press out tr. ; distil off spir., evap. residue to soft extract. Dose 1/4 to 1 gr., '015 to 065 G. Cascara Sag. Cas. S., 40 powd., 1 lb.: Pr. Spir., Aq. Dest., of ea. q s. : mac. powd. with 2 pints spir. in closed vessel 48 hrs. ; percolate, finally using aq. to exhaustn. (or 3 pints), evap. to suitable consist. Dose, 2 to 8 gr., 13 to 52 G. Cimicifugae Liq. Cimcfg., 60 powd. 20 oz. ; R.S.V., q.s. ; mac. powd. with 2 pints spir. in closed vessel 48 hrs. ; perclte. with spir. to exhaustn. ; reserve first 15 fl. 3 of percolate., evap. remainder to soft ext. ; dissolve this in reserved portn. and make 20 fl. 3 with spir. Dose, 3 to 30 ml., 17 to 1-8c.C. Cinchonae Liq. Red. Cinch. brk., 60 powd. 20 oz., Acid Hydrchl., 5 fl. 3; Glycern., 2; fl. 3; S. V. R., Aq. Dest. of ea. q.s. mix brk. with 5 pints aq. contg. the acid and glycern. and mac. in covered vessel 48 hrs. fre- 155 PHARMACISTS' POCRET-BOOK. Extractum— quently stirring, percolate, finally using aq. to 15 pints; evap. perclted. liqd. not above 82.2° C. (180° F.) to 25 fl. 3; estimate alklä. present and adjust till 5 grns. of alklä. and 12.5 grs. of R.S.V. are contnd. in 100 fl. gr. of extract. Dose, 5 to 10 m., ‘29 to '59 c.C. Cocaº Liq. Coca, 40 powd., 20 oz.: Pr. Spir. q. s. : mix Coca with 2 pints spir. and mac. in closed vessel 48 hrs., perc. with spir. till coca exhausted; reserve first 15 fl. 3 and evap. remainder to soft extract, diss. this in reserved portn, and make 20 fl. 3 with spirit. Dose, 1/2 to 2 fl. 3, 1:78 to 7: 1. Colchici. Fresh Col. corms, decorticated, 7 lbs. ; crush, press out juice; heat cleared liqr. to 100°C. (212°F.), strain and evap. not above 71-19 C. (160°F.) to pill consist. Dose, 1/2 to 2 gr., '032 to 13 G. Colch. Acet. Corms as above 7 lbs.; Acid. Acet. 6 fl. 3; crush, add acid, and press, then treat as above. Dose, as Ext. Col. Colocynth. Co. Col. Pulp., 6 oz. ; Ext. Aloes Soc. 12 oz. ; Scam. Res. 4 oz. ; Sapo An., powd., 3 oz. : Cardam. Sem. finest powd., 1 oz. ; Pr. Spir., 1 gall. ; mac. Col. in spir. 4 dys., press out tr. and distil off spir. ; add aloes, scam., and soap; evap. to pill consist., adding card. towards end. Dose 3 to 10 grs., 18 to 65 G. Conii. Con. Fol., fresh, 112 lbs. Treat exactly as for Ext. Aconiti. Dose 2 to 6 gr., 13 to 39 G. Ergota Liq. Ergot crshd., 1 lb. ; Aq. Dest., 6 pints; R.S.V. 6 fl. 3; dig. erg. in 3 of aq. 12 hrs., draw off inf. and dig. with remaining aq.; press, strain mixed liqds, and evap. on aq. bath to 11 fl. 3, addg. spir. when cold; allow to stand 1 hr., filter. Product = 16 fl. 3. Dose 10 to 30 m., '59 to 1.77 c.C. Filicis Liq. Male fern, coarse powd., 2 lbs. ; ether, 4 pints or q. s. ; perc. till ether passes colourless, evap. or distil off ether, and preserve oily Ext. Dose, 15 to 30 m., •9 to 1-77 c.C. 156 PHARMACISTs' PoCKET-Book. Extractum— Gelsemii Alcoh. Gels., 60 powd., 1 lb.: R.S.V., Aq. Dest. of ea. q. s... ; mix Gels, with 2 pints spir., mac. in closed vessel 48 hrs. ; percolate finally with aq. to 2 pints, evap. to suitable consistency. Dose, 1/2 to 2 gr., *32 to 13 G. Gentianae. Gen. rt., sliced, 1 lb. ; Aq. Dest. boilg., 1 gall. : inf. 2 hrs., boil 15 min. ; pour off, press, strain, and evap. to pill consist. Dose, 2 to 10 grs., 13 to 65 G. Glycyrrh. Liq. rt., 20 powd., 1 lb. ; Aq. Dest. 4 pints: mac. rt. with 3 aq. 12 hrs. ; strain, press; mac. marc. with remaing. aq. 6 hrs. ; strain, press; mix strained liqds. ; heat to 100° C. (212°F.); strain through flannel; evap. on aq. bath to pill consist. Dose, 5 gr, to 13, 32 to 1-3 G. Glycyrrh Liq. Liq. rt., 20 powd., 1 lb.: Aq. Dest., 4 pints; R.S.V. q.s. : mac. rt. with 2 pints aq. for 12 hrs., strain, press; mac marc. with remaing, aq. 6 hrs., strain, press; mix strained liqds. ; heat to 100° C. (212° F.); strain through flannel; evap. on aq. bath till sp. gr. 1' 16 when cold ; add vol. R.S.V. ; filter after 12 hrs. Dose, 1 fl. 3, 3-5 c.C. Haematoxyli. Infuse fine chips 24 hrs. in 1 gall. Aq. Dest.; boil to #: strain; evap. to dryness on aq. bath, stirrg. with wood. Dose, 10 to 30 grs., '65 to 1.94 G. Hyoscyami. Hyos., 112 lbs. Treat exactly as for Ext. Aconiti. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 G. Jaborandi. Jab., 40 powd., 1 lb.: Pr. Spir., Aq. Dest., of ea. q.s.: mix Jab. with 2 pints spir. ; mac. in closed vessel, 48 hrs. ; percolate finally with aq. to 2 pints; evap. to * consistency. Dose, 2 to 10 gr., 13 to • 65 G. Jalapae. Jal., coarse powd., 1 lb.; R.S.V., 4 pints; Aq. Dest. 1 gall. : mac. Jal. in spir. 7 dys. ; press out tr. ; filt. and dist. off spir., leaving soft ext. ; mac. residual Jal. in the aq. 4 hrs. ; strain, and evap. by aq. bath to soft ext. ; mix extracts, and evap. not above 60° C. (140°. F.) to pill consist. Dose, 5 to 15 gr., 32 to '97 G. 157 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. Extractum— Krameriae. Rhat, rt., 40 powd., 1 lb. ; Aq. Dest., q.s. : mac. rt. in 13 pint aq. 24 hrs. ; percolate, addg. aq. till rt. exhausted or 12 pints have passed; evap. to dryness. Dose, 5 to 20 gr., 32 to 1 3 G. Lactucas. Lact., 112 lbs. Treat exactly as for Ext. Aconiti. Dose, 5 to 15 gr., 32 to '97 G. Lupuli. Hop, 1 lb.: R.S.V., 14 pint: Aq. Dest., 1 gall. mac. 7 dys. ; filter, and distil off spir., leavg. soft ext. ; boil residual hop with the aq. 1 hr. ; press out, strain, and evap. liqd. by aq. bath to soft ext, ; mix the two ex- tracts; evap. not above 60° C. (140°F.) to pill consist. Dose, 5 to 15 gr., 32 to '97 G. Mezerei AEth. Mez. brk., cut small, 1 lb., R.S.V., 8 pints; ether, 1 pint: mac. brk. in 4 of spir. 3 º: with freq. agitatn. ; strain and press; again mac. with the remaing. spir. 3 dys, as before; strain and press; mix and filter strained liqds. ; distil off most of spir., and evap. to soft ext. ; mac. ext, with ether 24 hours, shaking frequently; decant off etherl. Soln. ; distil off most of ether, and evap. to soft ext. Nucis Vomicae. Nux, split, 1 lb. ; R.S.V., 64 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., 16 fl. 3; heat seeds to 100°C. (212° F.) 3 hrs., then powder; mix spir, with aq., and add 1 pint of mixt. to seeds; mac. 12 hrs. ; percolate, addg. another pint; perc. further with successive portns. of spir. ; press marc, and add filtd. liqd. from press to percolate; estimate total alkld. in the liquid, and take as much as conths. 131+ gr., distil off spir. and evap. by aq. bath to 2 oz. by wt. Ext. cont. 15% tot. alkld. Dose, 1/2 to 2 gr., • 032 to 13 G. Opii. Opium, powd., 1 lb. ; Aq. Dest., 6 pints: mac. opium successively three times with 2 pints aq. 24 hrs. ; mix liqds.; strain, and evap. by aq. bath to 3 lb. by wit. Dose, 1/2 to 2 gr., '032 to 13 G. Cont. 20 % morphine. Opii Liq. Ext. Op., 1 oz. ; Aq. Dest., 16 fl. 3 ; R.S.V., 4 fl. 3 mac. ext. in aq. 1 hr., with stirrg. ; add spir. ; filter (forms 1 pint). Dose, 10 to 40 m., '59 to 2'36 c.C. Contg. 1 % morphine. 158 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. Extractum— Papaveris. Papav., 20 powd., no seeds, 1 lb.; R.S.V., 2 oz. ; Aq. Dest. boilg., q.s. : mix capsls. with 2 pints aq. ; in- fuse 24 hrs., with stirrg.; percolate with more aq. to ex- haustn. or abt. 1 gall. ; evap. by aq. bath to 1 pint, and when cold add spir. ; filt. after 12 hrs., and evap. by aq. bath to pill consist. Dose, 2 to 5 gr., "13 to '32 G. Pareirae. Par. rt., 40 powd., 1 lb. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., q.s. : Dig. rt. with 1 pint aq.; percolate with more aq. to ex- haustn., or 1 gall. ; evap. by aq. bath to pill consist. Dose, 10 to 30 gr., -65 to 1.9 G. Pareirae Liq. Ext. Par., Aq. Dest., R.S.V., of ea. q.s.: mix spir. 1 fl. p. with aq. 3 fl. p. and diss. 4 pints of ext. in q.S. of this to form 16 fl. p. ; filter. Dose, 1/2 to 2 fl. 3, 1:7 to 7.1 c.C. Physostg. Phys., 40 powd., 1 lb.; R.S.V., 4 pints: mac. 48 hours, with 1 pint spir., in closed vessel, with agitatn. ; percolate with remaing. spir.; press, and mix liqds.; filt., distil off most of spir., and evap. to soft extract. Dose, 1/16 to 1/4 gr., 004 to 0.15 G. Quassiae. Quas., rasped, 1 lb. ; Aq. Dest., qis. : mac. with 8 fl. 3 aq. 12 hrs. ; percolate with more aq. to exhaustn. ; evap. ; filter before too thick, and again evap. by aq. bath to pill consist. Dose, 3 to 5 gr., 19 to 32 G. Rhamni Frang. Rh. F., 40 powd., 1 lb.: Pr. Spir., aq., of ea. q.s. : mac. with 2 pints spir. in closed vessel 48 hrs. ; perclte. finally with aq. to exhaustn., or 3 pints; evap. to suitable consistency. Dose, 15 to 60 gr., 1 to 3.9 G. Rhamni Frang. Liq. Rh. F., coarse powd., 1 lb.: R.S.V., 4 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., q.s. : boil in successive quantities of aq. to exhaustn. ; evap. by aq. bath to 12 fl. 3; add spir. when cold; filter after some hrs., and add aq. to 16 fl. 3. Dose, 1 to 4 fl. 3, 3-5 to 187 c.C. Rhei. Rh. 1 lb.; Pr. Spir., Aq. Dest., of ea. qs. : mac, rhub. with 3 pints spir. in closed vessel 48 hrs., percolate finally with aq. to exhaustn., or 5 pints; evap. by aq. bath to pill consist. Dose, 5 to 15 gr., 32 to '97 G. 159 PHARMACists' POCKET-BOOK. Extractum— Sarsa, Liq. Jam. Sars., 40 powd., 40 oz. : Pr. Spir, 2 pints; Sacch. 5 oz. ; Aq. Dest., 12 pints: mac. with spir, in closed vessel 10 dys., press out 20 fl. 3 of liqd. and set aside; mac. residue with aq. at 71° 19 C. (160°F.) 16 hrs., strain, and express liqd. ; diss. the sugar on this; and evap. by aq. bath to 18 fl. 3; mix the two liqds, and make 40 fl. 3 with aq. Dose, 2 to 4 fl. 3, 7-1 to 14: 2 c.C. Stramonii. Stram. Sem., 40 powd., 1 lb.; ether 1 pint or q.S.; Aq. Dest., Pr. Spir., of ea. q.s. : percolate Stram. with ether previously washed with # pint aq.; reject ether and percolate with spir. to exhaustn. ; distil off most of spir. and evap. residue by aq. bath to pill consist. Dose, 1/4 to 1/2 gr., '016 to 032 G. Taraxaci. Dand. rt., fresh, 4 lb.: crush, express jee., allow this to deposit; heat to 100°C. (212°F.) 10 min. ; strain; evap. not above 71-19 C. (160° *} to pill consist. Dose, 5 to 30 gr., 32 to 1.94 G. Taraxaci Liq. Dand. rt., dry, 20 powd., 40 oz.: Pr. Spir. 4 pints; Aq. Dest., q.s. : mac. with spir. in closed vessel 48 hrs. ; press out 20 fl. 3 and set this aside; mac. residue with aq. 48 hrs. ; pre-s out, strain, and evap, to 18 fl. 3; mix liqds, and make 40 fl. 3 with aq. Dose, 1/4 to 2 fl. 3, 9 to 7 - 1 c.C. Glycerina, Glycerines, B.P. Glyc. Acid. Carbol. Ac. Carb., 1 p.; glyc., 4 fl. p. : dissolve. Glyc. Acid. Gallici. Ac. Gall., 1 p.; glyc., 4 f. p. ; diss. not above 100° C. (212°F.). Glyc. Acid. Tannic. Ac. Tann., 1 p.; glyc., 4 fl. p. ; diss. not above 100° C. (212° F.). Glyc. Aluminis. Alum, powd., 1 p. ; glyc., 5 fl. p. ; diss. with gentle heat and pour off. Glyc. Amyli. Starch, 1 p. ; glyc., 5 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest. 3 fl. p. ; stir with heatg. to translucent jelly. Glyc, Boracis. Borax, powd., 1 p.; glyc., 4 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., 2 fl. p. : dissolve. 160 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. Glyc, Plumb. Subacet. Pb. acet., 5 oz. ; Ph. oxid., powd., 34 oz.: glyc., 1 pint; Aq. Dest., 12 fl. 3: mix, boil 3 hr., filter, and evap. off aq. Glyc. Tragacanthae. Trag., powd., 3 p.; glyc., 12 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., 2 fl. p. : mix trag. and glyc., add aq., and rub to translucent jelly. Infusa, Infusions, B.P. The Infusing or Macerating should be conducted in closed vessels. Infusum — Anthemidis. Cham. ſlwrs., 1 p.; Aq. Dest., boilg., 20 fl. p. : inf. 15 min., strain. Dose, 1 to 4 fl. 3, 28.4 to 113-6 c.C. Aurantii. Bitt, orange, pl., minced, 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 20 fl. p. : inf. 15 min, strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 5, 28° 4 to 56-8 c.C. Aurantil Co. Bitt, orange pl., minced, 4 p.; fresh lemon pl., minced, 2 p.; cloves, brsd., 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 160 fl. p. : inf. 15 min., strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28° 4 to 56-8 c.C. Buchu. Buchu lys., brsd., 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 20 fl. p. : inf. hr., strain. Dose, 1 to 4 fl. 3, 28.4 to 113-6 c.C. Calumbae. Cal. rt., minced, 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., cold, 20 fl. p. : mac. hr., strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. Caryophylli. Cloves, brsd., 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 40 fl. p.: º: } hr., strain. Dose, 1 to 4 fl. 3, 28.4 to 113-6 C.O. Cascarillae. Casc. brk., 20 powd., 1 p.; Aq. Dest., boilg., 10 fi. p. : inf. 3 hr., strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. Catechu. Catechu, coarse powd., 5.3 p.; Cinn. brk., brsd., 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 149 fl. p. : inf. hr., strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. 161 PHARMACISTS' PockFT-Book. Infusum– Chiratae. Chiretta, 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., 48.9°C. (120°F.), 40 fl. p.: inf. 3 hr., strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28-4 to 56 8 c.C. Cinchonae Acid. Red. Cinch. brk. 40 powd., 1 p. ; Acid. Sulph. Arom., 4 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 20 fl. p. : inf. 1 hr., strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56°8 c.C. Cuspariae. Cusp. brk., 40 powd., 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., 48.9°C. (120°F.), 20 fl. p. : inf. 1 hr., strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. Cusso. Cusso, coarse powd., 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 16 fl. p. ; inf. 15 min., do not strain. Dose, 4 to 8 fl. 3, 113-6 to 237 - 2 c.C. Digitalis. Foxg1. lv.s., drd., 1 p.; Aq. Dest., boilg., 156 fl. p. ; º mun., strain. Dose, 2 to 4 fl. 3, 56.8 to 113*6 C.C. Ergota. Ergot, crºhd., 1 p.; Aq. Dest., boilg., 40 fl. p. : inf. 3 hr., strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. Gentianae Co. Gent. rt., bitt. orange pl., of ea. 1 p.; frsh. lemon pl., 2 p. ; Aq. Dest. boilg., 80 fl. p. : inf. 1 hr. ; strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. Jaborandi. Jab., minced, 1 p. ; Aq. Dest, boilg., 20 fl. p. : inf hr. ; strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56.8 c.C. Krameriae. Rhat, rt., 40 powd., 4 p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 20 fl. p.: inf. hr. ; strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. Lini. Linum, 3 p. ; Liq. rt., 20 powd., 1 p. ; Aq. Dest. boilg., 87; fl. p. : inf. 2 hrs. ; strain. Lupuli. Hop, 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 20 fl. p. : inf. 1 hr. ; strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56 8 c.C. Maticae. Mat. lv.s., minced, + p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg, 20 fl. p. : inf. 1 hr.; strain. Dose, 1 to 4 fl. 3, 28.4 to 113-6 c.C. M 162 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Infusum– Quassiae. Quass. wal, chips, 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., 80 fl. p. ; mac. 3 hr. ; strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56.8 c.C. Rhei. Rhub. rt., sliced, 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 40 fl. p. : inf. 1 hr.; strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28 4 to 56.8 c.C. Rosae Acid. Red rose pet., drd., 2 p.; Acid Sulph. Dil., 1 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest, boilg., 80 fl. p. ; add acid to aq. : inf. pet. # hr. ; strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. Senegas. Sen. rt., 20 powd., 1 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 20 fl. p. : inf. 1 hr. ; strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56.8 c.C. Sennae. Senna, 2 p. ; ginger, sled., ; p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 20 fl. p. : inf. 1 hr. ; strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28° 4 to 56-8 c.C. Serpentariae. Serp. rhiz., 20 powd., 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 40 fl. p. : inf. 1 hr. ; strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28-4 to 56-8 c.C. Uvas Ursi. Bearby. lv.s., brsd., 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 20 fl. p.: inf. 1 hr. ; strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. - Valerianae. Val. rhiz., brsd., 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., 40 fl. p.: inf. 1 hr.; strain. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. Injectiones Hypodernice, Hypodermic Injections, Injectio— Apomorph. Hypod. Apom. Hydrochl., 2 gr. ; Aq. Camph., 100 m: diss, and filter; use fresh. Dose (hypod.), 2 to 8 m, 12 to 47 c.C. Ergotinae Hypoderm. Ergotin, 1 p. ; Aq. Camph., 2 fl. p. : diss. by stirrg. together; use fresh. Dose (hypod.), 3 to 10 ml, 17 to '59 c.C. 163 PHARMACISTS' PockFT-Book. Injectio— Morphinae Hypoderm. Morph. Hydrochl., 92 grs. ; Liq. Ammon., Acid. Acet., Aq. Dest., of ea. q.s. : diss. morph. in 2 fl 3 of aq. with gentle heat; ppt. morph. with liq. Am. ; cool, filter, wash, drain, and diss. ppt. in abt. 1 fl. 3 aq. and very slight excess of acid : add. aq. to 2 fl. 3. Dose (hypod.), 1 to 5 m, '06 to 3. Lamellae, Gelatine Discs, B.P. Lamellae— Atropinae. Discs abt. A gr., '0013 G., and contg. sººn gr., 000013 G., Atrop. Sulpht. Cocainae. Discs abt... gr., 0013 G., and contg. 1/200 gr., 00032 G., Coc. Hydrºhl. Physostig. Discs abt. ºn gr. , '0013 G., and contg. 1/1000 gr., .000055 G., Physostigmina. Linimenta, Liniments, B.P. Linimentum— Aconiti. Acon, rt., 40 powd., 20 oz. ; camph., 1 oz. ; R.S.V., q.s. : mac. rt. with 20 fl. 3 spir. 3 days, with agitatn., percolate with spir, into receiver contg. camph. to 30 fl. 3. Ammoniae. Liq. Am., 1 fl. p. ; Ol. Oliva, 3 fl. p. : emulsify. Belladonnae. Bellad. rt., 40 powd., 20 oz. ; camph., 1 oz. ; R.S.V., q.s. : treat as for Lin. Aconiti. Calcis. Liq. Calcis, 1 flºp. ; Ol. Olivae, 1 fl. p. ; mix. canº Camph., 1 p. ; Ol. Olivae, 4 fl. p. ; diss. camph. 1n Oll. Camph. Co. Camph., 20 p. ; Ol. Lavand., 1 fl. p. ; Liq. Am. Fortr., 40 fl. p. ; R.S.V., 120 fl. p. ; diss. camph. and oil in spir. ; add Liq. Am. gradually, shakg. till clear. Chloroformi. Chlorfm., 1 fl. p. ; Lin. Camph., 1 fl. p. ; mix. Crotonis. Ol. Crot., 2 fl. p. ; Ol. Cajap., 7 fl. p. ; R.S.V., 7 fl. p. ; mix. M 2 164 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. Linimentum— Hydrarg. Ung. Hydrarg., 1 p. ; Liq. Ammon., 1 fl. p. ; Lin. Camph., 1 fl. p. ; mix Liq. Am. with 3 Lin. Camph. ; rub Ung. with other part; mix. Iodi. Iod., 5 p.; pot. iod., 2 p. ; glycern., 1 p.; R.S.V., 40 fl. p. : diss. all in spir. . Opii. Tr. Op., 1 fl. p. ; Lin. Sap., 1 fl. p. ; mix and filter. Pot. Iod. cum Sap. Curd soap, 16 p. ; pot. iod., 12 p. ; gly- cern., 8 fl. p. ; Ol. Limon., 1 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., 80 fl. p. : diss. soap shreds with aq. and gly, over aq. bath, and pour liqd. on to pot. iod. ; mix and trit. till cold; after 1 hr. rub with oil to a cream. Saponis. Hard soap shavings, 16 p.; camph., 8 p. ; Ol. Rosmar. 3 fl. p. ; R.S.V., 128 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., 32 fl. p. : mix aq. with spir., and add others; mac. 7 dys, not above 21-19 C. (70°F.), with agitatn. ; filter. Sinapis Co. Ol. Sinapis, 1.4 f. p. ; Ext. Mezer. Æth., 1 p. ; camph., 3 p. ; Ol. Ric., 7 fl. p.; R.S.V., 44 fl. p. ; diss. Ext. M. Alth. and camph. in spir., and add oils. Terebinth. Soft soap, 2 p. ; Aq. Dest., 2 fl. p. ; camph., 1 p. ; Ol. Tereb. 16 fl. p. ; mix soap with aq. ; diss. camph. in oil; rub together. Terebinth Acet. Ol. Tereb., 4 f. p. ; Acid. Acet. Gl., 1 p.; Lin. Camph., 4 fl. p. ; mix. Liquores, Solutions, B.P. !.iquor— Acid. Chrom. Chrom acid, 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., 3 fl W. dis- solve. 1 fl. 3 cont. nearly 18 gr., or 25 %, CrO3 ; i.e. 29.5%, H2CrO4. Ammoniae. Liq. Am. Fortr., 1 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., 2 fl. p. : mix 1 fl. 3 cont. 5-2 gr. NH3. Ammon. Fortr. NH3 dissolved in Aq. Dest. 1 fl. 3 cont. 15-83 grs. NH3. Ammon. Acet. Liq. Am. Ac. Fort., 1 fl. p., dissolved in Aq. Dest., 5 fl. p. Dose, 2 to 6 fl. 3, 7-1 to 21.3 c.C. 165 PHARMACISTS' PockBT-Book. Liquor— Am. Acet. Fortr. Am. Carb., crahd., 174 oz. ; Acid. Acet., 50 fl. 3, or q.s. ; Aq. Dest, q.s. : diss. salt in 45 fl. 3 acid; add more acid till neutral; then aq. to 3 pints. Dose, 25 to 75 m., 1.5 to 4.4 c.C. Ammon. Citrat. Liq. Am. Citr. Fortr., 1 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest. q.S. to make 4 fl. p. ; mix. Dose, 2 to 6 fl. 3, 7:1 to 21.3 c.C. Am. Citr. Fortr. Acid. Citr., 12 oz.: Liq. Am. Fortr., 11 fl. 3, or q.s. ; Aq. Dest., q.s. : neutrlz. acid with ammonia; add aq. to 1 pint. Dose, 3 to 14 fl. 3, 1-8 to 5:3 c.C. Antim. Chlord. Ant. Nig. Pur., 1 pound; Acid. Hydrochl., 4 pints: boil the Sb2S3 in acid 15 min. ; filter; and boil down to 2 pin's. Arsenicalis. Acid. Arsenios., 87 gr. ; pot. carb., 87 gr. ; Tr. Lav. Co., 5 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., q.s. : mix arsenic and pot. carb., and diss. in 10 fl. 3 aq. by heatg.; cool; add Tr. and aq. to 1 pint. Dose, 2 to 8 m, '059 to 47 c.C. Arsen. Hydrochl. Acid. Arsenios., 87 gr. ; Acid. Hydrochl., 2 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., q.s. : boil the acids and 4 fl. 3 aq. together to clear soln. ; thin add aq. to 1 pint. Dose, 2 to 8 m, 059 to 47 c.C. Arsen. et Hydrarg. Iodid. Arsen. Iod., Hydrarg. Iod. Ruh., of ea. 45 gr. ; Aq. Dest., q.s. : Trit. iodides with 14 fl. 3 aq. till nearly all dissolved ; filt, and wash with aq. to 10 fl. 3. Dose, 10 to 30 m, '59 to 1:77 c.C. Atrop. Sulpht. At. Sulph. 1 p. ; Aq. Camph., 99 fl. p. : dissolve. Dose, 1 to 4 m, '059 to 236 c.C. Bismuthi et Am. Citrat. Bi. Citr., Liq. Am., of ea. 800 gr. ; Aq. Dest., q.s. : rub citr. to paste with little aq.; add ammonia with stirrg. till salt dissolves; then aq. to 1 pint. Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 1:7 to 3’55 c.C. Calc. Chlorid. Ca Chl., 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., 5 fl. p. ; diss, and filter. Dose, 15 to 50 m, '9 to 2-9 c.C. Calcis. Slkd, lime, 2 oz. ; Aq. Dest., q.s. : wash lime with aq. till washgs. free from Cl; and then shake in closed vessel with 1 gall. aq.; use clear liqd. after 12 hours. Dose, 1 to 4 fl. 3, 28.4 to 113-6 c.C. - 166 PHARMACIsrs' PockeT-BOOK. Liquor— Calc. Chlorint. Ca Chlorint., 1 p.; Aq. Dest., 10 p.: trit. together; shake in closed vessel 3 hrs. ; filter. Calc. Sacch. Slkd. lime, 1 p.; Sacch. Alb., 2 p. ; Aq. Dest., 20 p.: trit. together lime and sugar; shake with aq. in closed vessel some hrs. ; use clear liqd. Dose, 15 to 60 ml, '9 to 3.5 c.C. Chlori. Acid. Hydrochl., 6 fl. 3; Antim. Oxid., 1 oz.: Aq. Dest., 34 fl. 3: evolve chlorine; wash the gas in 2 º aq., and bubble it through remainder of aq. Dose, 1 to 20 m, '59 to 1:18 c.C. Epispasticus. Canthar., powd., 5 oz. ; AEther Acet., q.s. : mix Canth. with 3 fl. 3 ether; percolate finally the ether to 20 fl. 3. Ferri Acet. Liq. Ferri Acet. Fortr., 5 fl. 3; Aq. Dest. q.s. to make 20 fl. 3: dissolve. Dose, 5 to 30 ml, • 29 to 1.77 c.C. Ferri Acet. Fortr. Liq. Ferri Persulpht., 5 fl. 3; Liq. Amm., q.s. ; Acid. Acct. Glac., liqfd., 3 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., q.s. : mix 8 fl. 3 ammon. with 1 pint aq.; add iron solº., dild, with 1 pint aq., keeping ampmon. in slight excess; wash pptd. iron hydrate till free from Cl. ; and then diss. in acid, making up to 10 fl. 3 with aq.; pour off clear soln. Dose, 1 to 8 m, '059 to 4-7 c.C. Ferri Dialysat. Liq. Ferri Perchlor. Fortr., 7 fl. 3; Liq. Amm., Aq. Dest., of ea. q.s. : mix 6 fl. 3 iron soln. wit 2 pints aq., and add ammon. till slight odour; filter off and wash pptd. iron hydrate; squeeze the ppt. and add remainder of iron soln. ; stir and warm, and dialyse the soln, so obtained: result should be 28 fl. 3. Dose, 10 to 30 ml, '59 to 1-77 c.C. Ferri Perchlor. Liq. Perchl. Fortr., 5 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., q.s. * 20 fl. 3. Dose, 10 to 30 m, '59 to 1-77 C.C. - Ferri Perchlor. Fortr. Iron wire, 4 oz.: Acid. Hydrochl., 20+ fl. 3; Acid, Nitric, 13 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., q.s. : diss. Fe in 123 fl. 3 Ac. Hyd, and 7 fl. 3 aq.; boil; filter; add 7 fl. 3 Ac. Hyd, and pour into Ac. Nit. ; evap. till ppt. º to form ; then add 1 fl. 3 Ac. Hyd., and aq. to 17+ 167 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Liquor— Ferri Pernitratis. Fine iron wire. 1 oz. : Ac. Nit., 44 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., q.s. : dil. acid with 16 fl. 3 aq., and in this diss: Fe.: filter; and add aq. to 14 pints. Dose, 10 to 40 m, '59 to 2-36 c C. Ferri Persulpht. Fe Sulpht., 8 oz.: Ac. Sulph, Ac. Nitric, of ea. 6 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., 12 fl. 3, or q.s. : diss. salt in the Sulph. Acid, mixed with 10 fl. 3 aq.; mix Ac. Nit. with 2 fl. 3 aq. ; warm ; and to this add the other soln. ; boil till soln. becomes red; and when cold add aq. to 11 fl. 3. Gutta Percha. G. P., shreds, 1 oz. ; Chlorfm., 8 fl. 3; Pb Carb., fine powd., 1 oz. : diss. G. P. in 6 fl. 3 chlorfm., add Pb Carb. and 2 fl. 3 chlorfm.; shake; let settle; and decant. Hydrarg. Nitrat. Acid. Hg 4 oz. ; Ac. Nitric., 5 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., 1} fl. 3 : mix acid and aq.; and diss. Hg in cold ; boil 15 min. and cool; soln, should be 12 oz. by weight. Hydrarg. Perchlord. Hg Perchl., Am. Chlord., of ea. 1 p.; Aq. Dest., 875 fl. p. ; dissolve. Dose, 1/2 to 2 fl. 3, 1' 77 to 7 - 1 c.C. Iodi. I., 10 p. ; pot. iod., 15 p. ; Aq. Dest., q.s. to produce 200 fl. p. ; dissolve. Lithiae Efferv. Li carb., 10 gr. ; Aq., 1 pint: mix and aerate with CO2 at 4 atmospheres. Dose, 5 to 10 fl. 3, 141 to 284 c.C. Magnes. Carb. Mg sulpht., 2 oz. ; sod. carb., 24 oz. ; Aq. Dest., q.s. : diss. salts separately in pint aq.; heat Mg soln. to boilg.; add to it Na soln., and boil till CO2 ceases to come off; wash ppt. till free from SO3. ; mix it with 1 pint aq., and aerate at 3 atmospheres 24 hrs. ; filter; and pass CO2 into filtd. soln. ; cont. abt. 2% (MgCO3)3, Mg (HO)2.4H2O, or 10 gr. per fl. 3. Dose, 1 to § fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. Magnes. Citrat. Mg carb., 100 gr. ; Acid. Citric., 200 gr. Syr. Limon., + fl. 3; pot. bicarb., crys., 40 gr. ; Aq. q.s. : diss. acid in 2 fl. 3 aq.; add Mg carb. ; stir in dissolved; filter into strong 4 pint bottle nearly full of aq.; add syr. and then pot. bicarb, ; close and shake till 168 PharMAcists' Pocket-Book. Liquor— pot. carb. dissolves. Dose, 5 to 10 fl. 3, 142 to 284 c.C. Morphinae Acetat. Morph. acet., 1 p. ; Acid. Acet. Dil., 2 fl. p. : R.S.V., 24 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., 73 fl. p.: diss. Mo ph. acet. in mixt. of others. Dose, 10 to 60 m, 59 to 3-44 c.C. Morph. Bimeconat. Morph. Hydrochl., 9 gr.; Liq. Ammon, q.s. ; Acid. Meconic, 6 gr.; R.S.V., & fl. 3; Aq. Dest., q.s. : diss. Morph. Hyd. in 2 or 3 fl. 3 aq. by heatg.; add ammonia till ppt. ceases to fall; cool; filter; wash ppt. with aq. till free from Cl; drain; mix ppt. with aq. to 13 fl. 3; add spir, and acid, and dissolve. Dose, 5 to 40 1m, '3 to 2.4 c.C. Morph. Hydrochlorat. Morph. Hyd, 1 p.; Acid. Hydrochl. Dil., 2 fl. p.; R.S.V., 24 fl. p ; Aq. Dest., 73 fl. p. ; diss. Morph. Hyd. in mixt. of others. Dose, 10 to 60 ml, *59 to 3° 44 c.C. Plumbi Subacetat. Pb subacet., 5 oz. ; Pb oxid., 34 oz. ; Aq. 1)est., 1 pint or q.s. : boil acet. and oxide in aq. A hr., stirrg.: filter, and when cold add aq. to 1 pint. Cont, 24% Pb2O(C2H3O2)2. Plumbi Subacet. Dil. Liq. Plumbi Subacet., R.S.V., of ea. 1 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest, 79 fl. p : mix, filter. Potassae. Pot. carb., 1 lb.: slaked lime, 12 oz. ; Aq. Dest. 1 gall. : diss. carb. in aq., and add slaked lime, which is the result of washg. abt. 13 oz. Ca2H2O2, to the boilg. soln.; boil 10 min, with stirrg.: siphon off clear liqd. after settling. Cont. 5.84% KHO. Dose, 15 to 60 m, ‘9 to 3-55 c.C. Potassae Efferv. Pot. bicarb., 30 gr. ; Aq., 1 pint: dissolve, filter, and aerate with CO2 at 4 atmospheres. Potass. Permang. Pot. perm., 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., 99 fl. p. : dissolve. Dose, 2 to 4 fl. 3, 7-1 to 14-2 c.C. Sodas. Sod. carb., 28 oz. ; slakd. lime, 12 oz. : Aq. Dest. 1 gall. Treat as for Liq. Potassae. Cont. 4- 1 of NaHO. 169 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Liquor— Soda, Chlorinat. Calx Chlorint., 16 oz. ; sod. carb., 21 oz. ; Aq. Dest., 1 gall. : diss. carb. in 2 pints aq.; trit. Ca. chl. with 6 pints aq., and filter. Mix solns.; filter. Cont. 24% avail. Cl. Dose, 10 to 20 ml, '59 to 1' 18 c.C. Sodae Efferv. Sod. bicarb., 30 gr. ; aq., 1 pint. Treat as for Liq. Pot. Efferv. Sodii Arseniat. Na arsent, dried not above 148.9°C. (300° F.), 1 p. ; Aq. Dest., 99 fl. p. ; dissolve. Dose, 5 to 10 ml, 3 to '59 c.C. Sodii Ethylat. Na, scraped, 1 p.; absol. alcoh, 20 fl. p. : diss. Na in alcoh., keepg. cool. Cont. 19% NaC2H5O. Strych. Hydrochl. Strych., crys., 1 p. ; Acid. Hydchl. Dil., 2 fl. p.; R.S.V., 24 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., 73 fl. p. ; mix acid with 4 fl. 3 aq., and diss. strych. by heatg. ; then add spir, and remainder of aq. Dose, 5 to 10 m, 3 to • 59 c.C. Zinci Chlorid. Zn, granltd., 1 lb.: Acid. Hydrochl., 44 fl. 3; Liq. Chlori., q.s. ; Zn. carb., 4 oz., or q.S.; Aq. Dest., 1 pint; mix acid and aq., and diss. Zn in mixt. ; boil 3 hr., addg. aq. lost, and cool; remove Fe and Pb by first addg, Cl, and then Zn carb.; finally boil down to 2 pints. Lotiones, Lotions, B.P. Lotio Hydrarg. Flav. Hg perchlorid., 18 gr., or 1 p.; Liq. Calcis, 10 fl. 3, or 243 fl. p. : mix. - Lotio Hydrarg. Nig. Hg subchlorid., 30 gr., or 1 p. ; Liq. Calcis, 10 fl. 3, or 146 fl p. ; mix. Mellita, Honeys, B.B. Mel Boracis. Borax, fine powd., 2 p. ; glycm., 1 p.; Mel Dep., 16 p. ; mix. Mel Depurat. Honey melted and strained through flannel while hot. Oxymel. Mel Dep., 8 p. ; Ac. Acet., 1 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., 1 fl. p. ; melt honey and mix all. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 3-5 to 7 - 1 c.O. Oxymel Scillae. Acet. Scilla, 5 fl. p. : Mel Dep., 8 p.: mix and evap. by aq. bath to sp. gr., 1:32 (when cold). Dose 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 1:77 to 3-5 c.C. 170 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-B00K. Misturae, Miztures, B.P. Mistura— Creasoti. Creas., 1 fl. p. ; Acid. Acet. Gl., 1 fl. p. ; Spir. Junip., 2 fl. p.; Syr., 32 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., 480 fl. p. : mix creas. and acid; add aq., lastly syr. and junip. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56°8 c.C. Cretae. Calx Prep., 1 p.; Acac. Gum., 1 p. ; Syrup, 2 fl. p. Aq. Cinnam., 30 fl. p. Trit. gum and chalk with Aq. Cinn.; add syr., and mix. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. Ferri Arom. Red. Cinch. brk., powd., 1 oz. ; Calumb. Rx. + oz.: cloves, brsd., 3 oz. ; fine Fe wire, 4 oz. ; Tr. Card., Co., 3 fl. 3; Tr. Aurant. A fl. 3; Aq. Menth. Pip., q.s. : mac. Cinch., Cal. rt., cloves, and Fe, with 12 fl. 3 pep. aq. 3 dys, agitatg.: filter; add Aq. M. P. to the filter to make 12; fl. 3; to this add Trs. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 23-4 to 58°6 c.C. Ferri Co. Fe sulpht., 25 gr. ; Pot. carb., 30 gr. ; Myrrh, Sacch. Alb., of ea. 60 gr. ; Spir. Myrist., 4 fl. 3; Aq. Rosae, 94 fl. 3. Trit. myrrh, carb., and sugar with a little Aq. Rosae to thin paste; add more Aq. Rosae and the spir. ; then more Aq. Rosae till 8 fl. 3 of milky liqd. are obtained; then add sulpht. ; diss. in remainder of Aq. º and mix. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28°4 to 56.8 c.C. Guaiaci. Res. Guaiac., Sacch. Alb., of ea. 1 p. ; Acac. Gum., powd., 3 p.; Aq. Cinnam. 40 fl. p. : add Aq. Cin. to others triturated. Dose, 1/2 to 2 fl. 3, 14-2 to 56-8 c.C. - Scammonii. Scam. powd., 1 p.; Lac, 146 fl. p. Trit. to emulsion. Dose, 1 to 3 fl. 3, 28.4 to 85’2 c.C. Sennae Co. Mg sulpht., 4 p. ; Ext. Glycy. Liq., 1 fl. p. ; Tr. Sennae, 2+ fl. p. ; Tr. Card. Co., 1} fl. p. ; Inf. Sennae, 15 fl. p. Diss. sulpht. in Inf, by heat; add Ext. and Trs. Dose, 1 to 13 fl. 3, 28.4 to 42.6 c.C. Spir. Vini Gall. Sp. V. G., Aq. Cinnam., of ea. 4 fl. 3; yolks of 2 eggs; Sacch. Alb., oz. Rub yolks and sugar together, and add liqds. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 28.4 to 56-8 c.C. 171 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. Mucilagines, Mucilages, B.P. Mucilago– Acacia. Acac. Gummi, in pcs., 2 p. ; Aq. Dest., 3 fl. p. Stir till disslvd., strain. Amyli. Starch, 24 p. ; Aq. Dest., 875 fl. p. Trit. with aq. grad. added; then boil few min., stirrg. Tragac. Trag., powd., 12 p. ; Aq. 1)est., 875 fl. p.; R.S.V., 22 fl. p. Mix trag. with spir. ; then pour in aq., agitg. Olea, oils, B.P. Fixed, vide p. 196. Volatile, vide p. 193. Oleata, oleates, B.P. Ol. Hvdrargyri. Hg Oxid. Fl., 1 p. ; Acid. Oleic., 9 p. Add oxid. to acid, gradually tritg. till dissolved. Ol. Zinci. Zn Oxid., 1 p.; Acid. Oleic., 9 p. Stir oxid. with acid; let stand 2 hrs. ; then heat by aq. bath till oxid, is dissolved. Oleoresina, Oleoresin, B.P.: 1 only official. Oleores. Cubebae. Cub., coarse powd., 2 lbs. ; ether, 4 pints, or q.s. : perc. with ether till percolate colourless; evap. off and let resid. stand in covered vessel till crys, matter ceases to deposit. Dose, 5 to 30 ml, 3 to 1:77 c.C. Oxymel, vide Mellita. Pilulae, Pills, B.P. Pilula– Aloes Barb. Al. B., powd., 16 p. ; Sapo Dur., powd., 8 p.; Ol. Carui, 1 fl. p. ; Conf. Rosae G., 8 p. Beat together. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to '65 G. Aloes et Asafoet. Al. Soc., powd., 1 p. ; Asaf., 1 p.; Sapo Jur. powd., 1 p. ; Conf. Rosae G., 1 p., or q.s. Beat together. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to '65 G. Aloes et Ferri. Fe Sulpht., powd., 13 p. ; Al. Barb., powd., 2 p. ; Pulv. Cinnam. Co., 3 p.; Conf. Rosas G., 4 p. Rub powd. º, and add Conf. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., • 32 to 65 G. - 172 PHARMACISTS' pocket-book. Pilula – Aloes et Myrrhae. Al. Soc. 2 p. ; Myrrh, 1 p.; Crocus, drd., + p. ; treacle, 1 p. ; glycern., 1 p., or q.s. Trit. solids together; add treac. and q.S. glyc., and beat to uniformity. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 G. Aloes Soc. Al. Soc., powd., 16 p.; Sapo Dur., powd., 8 p.; Ol. Myrist., 1 fl. p. ; Conf. Rosae G., 8 p. Beat together. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 c.C. Asafoet. Co. Asaf., Galban. Myrrh, of ea. 2 p. ; treacle, 1 p. Heat together, and stir to uniformity. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 G. Cambog. Co. Camb., powd., 1 p.; Al. Barb., powd., 1 p. ; Pulv. Cinnam. Co., 1 p.; Sapo Dur., powd., 2 p.; Syr., 2 p., or q.s. Mix powd. ; add syr. ; beat to uniformity. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to '65 G. Colocynth. Co. Col. plp., powd., 4 p. ; Al. Barb., powd., 8 p.; Res. Scam., powd., 8 p. ; R sulpht., powd., 1 p. ; Ol. Caryoph., 1 fl. p. ; Aq. Dest., 1 fl. p., or q.s. Mix powd.; add oil; beat into mass by aid of aq. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to '65 G. Colocynth. et Hyoscy. Pil. Coloc. Co., 2 p.; Ext. Hyos., 1 p. Beat to uniformity. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 G. Conii Co. Ext. Con., 5 p.: Ipec., 1 p. ; treacle, q.s. Mix ext. & add q.s. treacle. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to • 65 G. Ferri Carb. Fe Carb. Sacch., 4 p. ; Conf. Rosae G., 1 p. Beat to uniformity. Dose, 5 to 20 gr., 32 to 65 G. Ferri Iodid. Fe, fine wire, 40 p ; I, 80 p.; Sacch. Alb. powd., 70 p.: liqrc. rt., 140 p.; A q. Dest., 46 fl. p. Shake Fe and I in stopd. oz. phial till froth white; pour fluid upon sug., trit., and add liqrc. gradually. Dose, 3 to 8 gr., 19 to 52 G. Hydrarg. Hg, 2 p.; Conf. Rosa, G., 3 p. ; liqrc. rt., fine owd., 1 p. Extinguish Hg in conf., add liqrc., and mix. ose; 3 to 8 gr., 19 to 52 G. 173 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Pilula— Hydrarg. Subchlord. Co. Hg subchl., 1 p.; Sb Sulphurat., 1 p. ; Res. Guaiac., powd., 2 p. ; Ol. Ric., 1 fl. p., or q.s. Trit. Hg with Sb ; add res., and beat to uniformity. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to '65 G. Ipec. cum Scilla. Pulv. Ipec. Co., 3 p.; squill, powd., 1 p.; Ammonc., powd., 1 p. ; treacle, 1 p., or q.s. Mix powd., beat to mass with treacle. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to '65 G. Morphin L. Morph. Hydrochl. 6 gr. ; Ol. Theobrom. 174 gr.; rub 24 gr. oil with morph., add this to remainder of oil just melted, mix and treat as for Sapp. Ac. tann. : ea. p. cont. A gr. Morph. Hydrochloras. Phosphori. P, 3 gr. ; Bals. Tolut., 120 gr. : Cera Fl., 57 gr. ; Sapo An., 90 gr. Rub P and bals, together under aq. at 60° C. (140°. F.); add wax, and mix; cool still under aq. Dispense 2 gr. of mixt. with 1 gr. soap and a few drops R.S.V., if necessary; 3 gr. of mass thus made = sº, gr. of P. Dose, 2 to 4 gr., 13 to 26 G. Plumbi cum Opio. Pb acetat., fine powd., 6 p. ; Op., powd., 1 p. ; Conf. Rosae G., 1 p. Beat to uniformity. Dose, 3 to 5 gr., 19 to 32 G. Rhei Co. Rheum, powd., 6 p.; Al. Soc., powd., 4} p.; Myrrh, powd., Sapo Dur., powd., 3 p. ; Ol. Menth. P., 3 p.; glycrin., 2 p. ; treacle, 6 p. Mix powd. with oil; add gly._and treacle q.s. ; beat to uniformity. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 6.5 G. Saponis Co. Op., powd., 1 p.; Sapo Dur., powd., 4 p.; glycrin., q.s. : mix solids, and beat to uniformity with gly. Dose, 3 to 5 gr., 19 to 32 G. Scammon. Co. Res. Scam., 1 p. ; Res. Jal., 1 p. ; Sapo An., powd., 1 p.; Tr. Zingib. Fort., 1 fl. p. ; R.S.V., 2 fl. p. Add spir. and Tr. to soap and resins... diss. by heatg.: º, to pill consist. Dose, 5 to 15 gr., '65 to •97 G. Scillae Co. Squill, powd., 1+ p. ; Zing., powd., 1 p. ; Ammon.c. powd., 1 p.; Sapo Kºi.. powd., 1 p.; Treacle, 2 p., or q.s. Mix powd., add treacle, beat to uni- formity. Dose, 5 to 10 gr., 32 to 65 G. 174 PHARMAcists' Pocket-Book. Pulveres, Powders, B.P. Pulvis— Amygd. Co. Am. Dulc., 8 p.; Sacch. Alb., 4 p. ; Acac. Gum., 1 p. Steep almd. in aq., and remove skins, then dry and rub in mortar: mix gum and sugar; add to almd. plp. gradually, and rub to coarse powd. Antimonial. Sb oxid., 1 p.; Ca phospht., 2 p. Mix. Dose, 3 to 5 gr., 19 to 32 G. Catechu Co. Catechu, powd., 4 p. ; Kino, powd., 2 p.; Kram. Rad. ; Cinn. Cort., powd., 1 p. ; nutmeg, 1 p. Mix, sieve, and rub lightly in mortar. Dose, 20 to 40 gr., 1-3 to 2-6 G. Cinnam. Co. Cinn. brk., powd., 1 p. ; Cardam. Sem., powd., 1 p.; Zing, powd., 1 p. Mix, sieve, and rub lightly in mortar. Dose, 3 to 10 gr., 19 to '65 G. Cretae Arom. Cinn. brk., powd., 4 p. ; nutmeg, powd., 3 p. ; Croc., powd., 3 p. ; cloves, powd., 14 p. ; Cardam. Sem., powd., 1 p.; Sacch. Alb., powd., 25 p.; Creta Prep., 11 p. Mix, sieve, rub lighty in mortar. Dose, 10 to 60 gr., '65 to 3.9 G. Cret. Arom. Co. Pu'v. Cret. Arom., 39 p.; Op., powd., 1 p. Mix, sieve, and rub lightly in mortar. Dose, 10 to 40 gr., '65 to 2.6 G. Elaterini Co. Elaterin, 1 p.; Sacch. Lact., 39 p. Powd. and mix well. Dose, 1/2 to 5 gr., '03 to 32 G. Glycyrrh. Co. Senna, powd., 2 p. ; liq. rt., powd., 2 p.; fennel frt., powd... 1 p.; Sulph. Subl., 1 p. ; Sacch. Alb., powd., 6 p.: mix, sieve, and rub lightly in mortar. Dose, 30 to 60 gr., 19 to 3.9 G. Ipecac. Co. Ipec., 1 p. ; Op., powd., 1 p. ; K sulpht., 8 p. Mix, sieve, rub lightly in mortar. Dose, 5 to 15 gr., 32 to '97 G. Jalap Co. Jal., powd., 5 p.; KH tart., 9 p. : Zing., powd., 1 p. Mix, sieve, rub lightly in mortar. Dose, 20 to 60 gr., 1-3 to 3.9 G. Kino Co. Kino, powd., 15 p.: Op., powd., 1 p.; Cinnam., powd., 4 p. Mix, sieve, rub lightly in mortar. Dose, 5 to 20 gr., 32 to 1.3 G. 175 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Pulvis— Opii Co. Op., powd., 3 p. ; Piper N., powd., 4 p.; Zing., powd., 10 p.; Carui Fruct., powd., 12 p.; Tragac., powd., 1 p. ; mix, sieve, rub lightly in mortar. Dose, 2 to 5 gr., 13 to 32 G. Rhei Co. Rheum. powd., 2 p. ; Magnes. Lev., 6 p. ; Zing., powd., 1 p. Mix, sieve, and rub lightly in mortar. Dose, 20 to 60 gr., 1:3 to 3.9 G. Scammon. Co. Scam. Res., powd., 4 p.; Jal., powd., 3 p. ; Zing., powd. 1 p. Mix; sieve ; and rub lightly in mortar. Dose, 10 to 20 gr., '65 to 1.3 G. Tragac. Co. Trag., powd., Acac. Gummi, powd., Amylum, powd., of ea. 1 p.; Sach. Alb., 3 p. Mix. Dose, 20 to 60 gr., 1:3 to 3.9 G. Resinae, Resins, B.P. For Res. Guaiac., Res. Jalap., Res. Podoph., and Res. Scamm., see pp. 21, 24, 39, and 44 respectively. Spiritus, Spirits, B.P. Spiritus— AEtheris. Ether, 10 fl. 3; R.S.V., 1 pint. Mix. Sp. G., '809. Dose, 30 to 90 m, 1.77 to 5.3 c.C. AEtheris Co. Wide p. 97. Aºtheris Nitrosi. Wide p. 98. Ammoniae Arom. Amm. Carb., 4 oz. ; Liq. Am. Fort., 8 fl. 3; Ol. Myrist., 4} fl. 3; Ol. Limon., 64 fl. 3; R.S.V., 6 pints; aq., 3 pints. Mix oils, spir. and aq. in retort; and distil 7 pints; then distil 9 fl. 3, collectg. separately; place the 9 fl. 3, the carb., and the Liq. in a stopd. bottle, and warm to 60°C. (140°. F.), with shakg.: filter, and add to the 7 pints of distilled spir., making 1 gall. Sp. Gr., '886. Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 177 to 3.5 c.C. Ammoniae Foet. Asaf., 14 oz.: Liq. Am. Fortr., 2 fl. 3; R.S.V., q.s. ; break up Asaf. and mac. in 15 fl. 3 spir. 24 hrs. ; distil off spir. and mix the product with Liq.; addg: spir, to 1 pint. Sp. Gr. 847 (abt.). Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 177 to sº c.C. \ 176 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. Spiritus— Armoracias Co. Armor. Rad., scraped, bitt. orange pl., cut small and brsd., of ea. 20 oz. : nutmeg, brsd., 3 oz. ; Pr. Spir., 1 gall. ; aq. 3 pints. Mix, and distil 1 gall. Sp. Gr. 920 (abt.). Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 3-5 to 7.1 c.C. Cajaputi. Ol. Caj, I fl 3; R.S.V., 49 fl. 3. Dissolve. Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 1:77 to 3° 55 c.C. Camphorae. Camph., 1 oz., R.S.V., 9 fl. 3. Dissolve. Sp. Gr. ‘850 (abt.). Dose, 10 to 30 m, '59 to 1-77 c.C. Chloroformi. Chlorofm., 1 fl. 3; R.S.V., 19 fl. 3. Dissolve. Sp. Gr. 871. Dose, 20 to 60 m, 1'2 to 3.5 c.C. Cinnamomi. Ol. Cinn., 1 fl. 3; R.S.V., 49 fl. 3. Dissolve. Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 177 to 3:55, c.C. Juniperi. Ol. Jun. I fl. 3; R.S.V., 49 fl. 3. Dissolve. Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 177 to 3-55 c.C. Lavand. Ol. Lav., 1 fl. 3; R.S.V., 49 fl. 3. Dissolve. Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 1-77 to 3-55 c.C. Menth. Pip. Ol. M. P., 1 fl. 3; R.S.V., 49 fl. 3. Dissolve. Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 177 to 3’55 c.C. Myristicae. Ol. Myr., 1 fl. 3; R.S.V., 49 fl. 3. Dissolve' Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 177 to 3:55 c.C. Rectificatus (R.S.V.), vide p. 62. Rosmarini. Ol. Rosm., 1 fl. 3; R.S.V., 49 fl. 3. Dissolve Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 177 to 3:55 c.C. Tenuior (Pr. Spir.), wide p. 62. Vini Gallici (French Brandy). Succi, Juices, B.P. The formula in all cases" is the same. Press out juice from fresh (i.e. not dried) drug, and add 1 vol. R.S.V. to 3 vol. juice, to preserve; set aside 7 days, and filter. * Limonis Succ. and Mori Succ. No spir. is added to these. 177 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Doses. Suc. Bell. ... .. 5 to 15 m, 3 to '88 c.C. Suc. Con... . . ... } to 1 fl. 3, 1 '77 to 3’55 c.C. Suc. Hyos. . . . . . to 1 fl. 3, 177 to 3:55 c.C. Suc. Scop. . . . . 1 to 2 fl. 3, 3’55 to 7-1 c.C. Suc. Tarax. . . . . 1 to 2 fl. 3, 3’55 to 7-1 c.C. Suppositoriae, Suppositories, B.P. Suppositoria— Acidi Carbol. cum Sap. Ac. Carbol., 12 gr. ; Sapo An., powd., 180 gr. ; Glyc, Amyli, 40 gr., or q.s. Mix to suitable paste, and div. into 12 p., ea. p. cont. 1 gr. Ac. Carbolicum. Acidi Tann. Ac. Tann., 36 gr. ; Ol. Theobr., 144 gr. Rub acid with 44 gr. oil in slightly warmed mortar; add remainder of oil just melted; mix; and pour into 15 gr. moulds; or cool, and mould into 12 p.: ea. p. cont. 3 gr. Acid. Tannicum. Ac. Tann. cum Sap. Acid. Tan. 36 gr. ; Glyc, Amyli, 30 gr. ; Sapo An., powd., 100 gr. ; Amylum, powd., q.s. Mix Ac. Tan. with glyc. and soap and starch to suitable con- sist. ; div. into 12 p., ea. p. cont. 3 gr. Ac. Tannicum. Hydrarg. Ung. Hg, 60 gr. ; Ol. Theobr., 120 gr. Melt oil; add Ung.; mix, and pour into !". moulds; or cool, and div. into 12 p., ea. p. cont. 5 gr. Ung. Hydrargyri. Iodiformi. Iodfm., powd., 36 gr. ; Ol. Theobr., 144 gr. Treat as for Supp. Ac. Tann.; ea. p. cont. 3 gr. Iodo- forum. Morph. cum Sap. Morph. Hydrochl, 6 gr. ; Glyc. Amyli, 30 gr. ; Sapo An. 100 gr. ; Amylum, powd., q.s. Mix morph., glyc., and soap, and starch to suitable consist. ; div. into 12 p., ea. p. cont. A gr. Morph. Hydrochloras. Plumbi Co. Pb acetat., 36 gr. ; Op., powd., 12 gr. ; Ol. Theobr., 132 gr. Rub Pb and Op. with 42 gr. oil, just melted ; mix, and treat as for Sup. Ac. Tann. : ea. p. cont. 3 gr. Pb and 1 gr. Opium. - N 178 PHARMAcists' pockFT-Book. Syrupi, Syrups, B.P. Syrupus— Syrupus. Sacch. Alb., 5 lbs. : Aq. Dest., 2 pints. Diss. by heatg., and when cool, add aq. to make 74 lbs. Sp. Gr 1-330. Aurantii. Tr. Aur., 1 fl. 3: Syr., 7 fl. 3. Mix. Sp. Gr. 1-282. Dose, 1 fl. 3, 3’55 c.C. Aurant. Flor. Aq. Aur. Fl., 8 fl. 3; Sacch. Alb., 3 lbs. : Aq. Dest., 16 fl. 3 or q.s. Diss. sug. in aq. by heatg.: strain, and add Aq. A. Fl. when cool, then aq. q.s. to make 44 lbs. Sp. Gr. 1330. Dose, 1 fl. 3, 3’55 c.C. Chloral. Chl. Hyd., 80 gr. ; Aq. Dest., 1} fl. 3: Syr., q.s. Diss. chl. in aq., and add syr. to 1 fl. 3. Sp. gr. 1:32. Dose, 1/2 to 2 fl. 3, 3’55 to 7-1 c.C. Each fl. 3 cont. 10 gr. Chl. Hydras. Ferri Iodid. Fe, 1 oz. ; I, 2 oz. ; Sacch. Alb., 28 oz. ; Aq. Dest., 13 fl. 3. Make a syr. from sug. and 10 fl. 3, aq.; digest Fe and I in 3 fl. 3 aq., heatg. slightly and shakg. till froth white; add now 2 fl. 3 of the syr., and boil 10 min. ; then filter hot into remainder of warm syrup, and mix. Product = 2 lbs. 11 oz. ; Sp. Gr., 1-385: one fl. cont. º gr. FeI2. Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 177 to 3-55 c.C. Ferri Phosphat. Fe Sulphas Gran., 224 gr. ; sod. phos 200 gr. ; sod. bicab., 56 gr. ; Ac. Phosph. Conc., 14 º: ; Sacch. Alb., 8 oz. ; Aq. Dest., 8 fl. 3. Diss. Fe in 4 fl. 3 boilg. aq., and sod. ph. in 4 fl. 3 cold aq.; mix solns. ; add sod. bicarb. dissolvd. in little aq.; stir; filter through calico and wash free from S03; mix ppt. with phosp. ac., and when dissolvd. filter and add aq. and sugar, and diss, without heat. Product = 12 fl. 5; Sp. Gr; 1:305 (abt.); one fl. 3 = 1 gr. Fe3P20s. Dose, 1 fl. 3, 3’55 c.C. Hemides. Hem. Rad. brsd., 4 oz. ; Sacch. Alb., 28 oz.; Aq. Dest., boilg., 1 pint. Inf. root in aq. 4 hrs. ; strain; decant from sediment; add sug. and diss. by heatg. Pro- duct = 2 lbs. 10 oz. ; Sp. Gr., 1.335 (abt.). Dose, 1 fl. 3, 3’55 c.C. 179 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Syrupus— Limon. Lem. pl., frsh., 2 oz. ; Lim. Succ., 1 pint; Sacch. Alb., 24 lbs. Heat lem. jo. to boilg. ; introduce pl., and leave till cod; filter, and diss. sugar by heatg. Pro- duct = 34 lbs. ; Sp. Gr., 1 '34 (abt.). Dose, 1 fl. 3, 3.55 c.C. Mori. Mori Succ., 1 pint; Sacch. Alb., 24 lbs. ; R.S.V., 24 fl. 3: heat jee. to boilg.: cool, filter; diss. sug. by heatg., and add spir. Product = 3 lbs. 6 oz. ; Sp. Gr., 1:33 (abt.). Dose, 1 fl. 3, 3’55 c.C. Papav. Poppy capsls., no seeds. 20 powd. 36 oz. : R.S.V. 16 fl. 3.; Sacch. Alb., 4 lbs. ; Aq. Dest., boilg., q.s. Mix capsis. with 4 pints aq. and inf. 24 hrs., stirrg. ; percolate finally with aq. to 2 gall. or exhaustn. ; evap. to 3 pints; when cold, add spir.; filter after 12 hours; distil off spir. and evap. remaining liqd. to 2 pints, then add sug. Product = 64 lbs. ; Sp. Gr., 1:33 (abt.). Dose, 1 fl. 3, 3’55 c.C. Rhei. Rheum, 20 powd., Coriand. Fr., 20 powd., of ea. 2 oz. ; Sacch. Alb., 24 oz., R.S.V., 8 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., 24 fl. 3. Mix Rh. and Cor. ; percolate with spir. and aq. mixed ; evap. ; percolate to 14 fl. 3; filter; diss, sug. by heatg. Product = nearly 24 lbs. ; Sp. Gr., 1-31 (abt.). Dose, 1 to 4 fl. 3, 3’55 to 14-2 c.C. Rhoeados. Rhoead. pet., 13 oz. ; Sacch. Alb., 24 lbs. ; Aq. Dest., 1 pint, or q.s. ; R.S.V., 2} fl. 3. Add pet. grad. to aq. heated on aq. bath, stirrg.; ini. 12 hrs. ; press out liqd., strain; diss. sug. by heat; add spir, when cold, and aq. to * 10 oz. ; Sp. Gr., 1:33 (abt.). Dose, 1 fl. 3, 3-55 c. C. Rosae Gall. Rosa: Gall. pet., ard., 2 oz. ; Sacch. Alb., 30 oz. Aq. Dest., boilg., 1 pint: inf. pet. 2 hrs. ; squeeze through calico; heat to boilg. ; filter; diss, sug. in liqr. by heatg. Product = 2 lbs., 14 oz. ; Sp. Gr., l'335 (abt.). Dose, 1 fl. 3, 3’55 c.C. Scillae. Acet. Scillae, 1 pint; Sacch. Alb., 24 lbs. Diss, by heatg. : Sp. Gr, 1.345 (abt.). Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 1-77 to 3-55-c.C. N 2 180 PHARMACists' POCKET-BOOK. Syrupus— Sennae. Sen., brkn. small, 16 oz. ; Ol. Coriand., 3 m. ; Sacch. Alb., 24 oz.; Aq. Dest., 5 pints, or q.s. ; R.S.V., 3 fl. 3. Digest Sen. in 70 fl. 3 aq. 24 hrs. at 48.9°C. (120°F.); press out and strain; dig. marc in 30 fl. 3 aq. 6 hrs. at same temp. ; again press out and strain; evap. mixed liqrs. to 10 fl. 3, and, when cold, add spir. mixed with oil ; filter, and wash filter with aq. to 16 fl. 3; add sug. and diss. by heatg. Product = 2 lbs. 10 oz. ; Sp. Gr., 1.310 (abt.). Dose, 1 to 4 fl. 3, 3-55 to 14-2 c.C. Tolut. Bals. Tol., 14 oz. ; Sacch. Alb., 2 lbs. ; Aq. Dest. 1 pint, or q.s. : boil bals. in aq. A hr., stirrg. ; add aq. to 16 fl. 3. cool, filter, add sug. dissolvg. by heat. Pro- duct = 3 lbs.; Sp. Gr. 1:33. Dose, 1 fl. 3, 3-55 c.C. Zingib. Tr. Zing. Fortr., 6 fl. 3: Syr., 19 fl. 3. Mix with agitation. Dose, 1 fl. 3, 3-55 c.C. Tabellae, Tablets, B.P. (only 1 official). Tab. Nitroglyc. Ea. weighs 2} gr. and cont. rºw gr., '0003 G. nitroglycerin. Dose, 1 or 2 tablets, Ž TABLE of THE TINCTUREs of THE BRITISH PHARMACOPOEIA. Prf or Name. * sº º: Size of Powder. Dose. Compounds. .*.* - - 2} R 48 h & P 40 m 5 to 15 | * *::::. * in * Aloes . . . . + R 7 d . . . Coarse p. * 1 to 2 . . . . . 4 oz. Arnicae ... 1 R 48 h & P ºp § tº #.;". . ; ; Asafoet. .. 2: R 7 d . . . . Small fragm. 53 to 1 º Aurant. .. 2 Pr 7 d . . . . Cut small and 5 i to 2 |+ Benzoin in coarse p. 2 oz. bruised. #. Tolu ... 14 .. , recent 6 R 7 d . . . In thin slices. 51 to 2 sºot. Aides ... 166 ºr Rec.Sp. . . . . 20 oz. Bellad. . . . . 1 Pr 48 h & P 20 5 to 20 - - +Benz. Co. .. 2 R 7 d . . . Coarse p. º } to 1 |f oº: **** Buchu. . . . 2} Pr || 48 h & P 20 5 1 to 2 Camphor .. 30 m. Oil of Anise # dr. Calumbae 2} Pr || 48 h & P Cut small * to 2 P. spirit .. 20 oz. -- º Snº all. - i. †Camph. Co. - - Pr 7 d . . . . Opium in p. m’; to 60 § gºlº º Cannab. Ind. | 1 Ext. R - - - - - -- m 5 to 20 Raisins, seeds remov. 2, Canthar. .. + Pr || 7 d . . . Coarse p. m 5 to 20 Cinnamon bark Capsici .. # # 48 h & F | Bruised. m 10 to 20 | c. “in” . " §Card. Co. . . + Pr 48 h & P Bruised. 5 * to 2 powder ... .. 55 gr. Cascarill. .. 2} Fºr 48 h & P 40 5 * to 2 P. Spirit ... ... Oi 3. TABLE of THE TINCTUREs of THE BRITISH PHARMAcopoeia—continued. Oz. to Ract. Mace-Perco- - Name. Oi. ºit. rated. lated. Size of Powder. Dose. - Compounds. - º in *: 24 oz. *Catechu .. 2} Pr 7 d . . . Coarse p. 5 * to 2 Cinnamon bark, Chiratae .. 2} | Prſ 48 h & P. Cut small and 5 to 2 rº ... ." bruised. + Chloroform ... .. 2 oz. +Chloroform C. 32 R - - - - - - - m 20 to 60 ; º: d.º. 10. º + Inc. ra. oz. In # , et Morph. R - - - - -- m 5 to 10 - - Cimicifugae 2} | Prº || 48 h & P 40 in 15 to go |f "...". " ser Cinchonae .. 4. Pr 48 h & P 40 53 to 2 Oil of Peppermint 4 min. §Cinchon. Co. 2 Pr || 48 h & P 40 5 * to 2 Rect. Spirit . 1 oz Cinnam. ... 2+ R 48 h & P Coarse p. ; : to 2 | ºn . }; Qocci : . . . 2} Pr 7 d . . . In powder. in Ext. Liquoriº, i. Colch. Sem. 2} Pr 48 h & P Finely com. m 10 to 30 | Tracle . . . . . . 1 , Conii . . . . 2} Pr 48 h & P Finely com. m 20 to 60 Syrup... . . . . . q.s. Croci . . . . 1. Pr 48 h & P º Hydrocyanic 4 d Cubebae - - 2} R 48 h & P In powder. 5 * to 2 § Red Cinchona bººk, -- in No. 40 powder 2 oz. Digit. . . . . 2} Pr 48 h & P 20 m 10 to 30 Bitter orange Peel, cut sm. & brsd. 1 .. Ergota ... 5 Pr |4sh & P. Finely com. m 5 to 30 | *.*** Saffron .. ... .. Cochineal, in p. .. Pr. Spirit ... . . 20 oz. 33 TABLE of THE TINCTUREs of THE BRITISH PHARMACOPOEIA—continued. Prf. or Name. Oz. to Rect. Percºl size of Powder. Compounds. Oi. Spirit. lated. *Fe. Acet. 55 Liq .. -- -- * Liq. Fe. Acet. Fort. 5oz. +Fe. Perchl... 35 Liq. .. -- *..."; ... . . . iitiiº water . g . Gallae.. 2} Pr & P 40 + Lig. Fe. Perchl. Gelsemii 2} Pr & P 40 s º - - - - - - ** +Gentian Co. 1} Pr & P Cut small and p. Rect.... . . . . . . . bruised. + º: wº. 10 , , Guaiaci Am 4. Sp. Am. In powder + - Arom -- p - ºil and 1} - rull -- -- oz. H ol. & P Bitter Orange yoscy. -2 Pr 20 Peel, cut small and bruised . . . . §Iodi .. * R -- - - Cardamom Seeds, bruised . . . . . . Jaborandi .. 5 Pr & P 40 ººrit. * -z- Jalap... 2} Pr & P 40 Iodide of Potassium 4 .. Rect. Spirit... ... oi |Kino .. | 2 - - -- Coarse p. | Rºº Krameriae .. 2} | Pr & P 40 gº." ... sº. - distilled Water 5 , Laricis 2} R & P 40 Rect. Spirit ... 12 .. j. TABLE of THE TINCTUREs of The BRITISH PHARMAcopoeia—continued. Oz. t Prſ or Mace- perco-l et Name. Oi. sº rated. lated. Size of Powder. Dose. Compounds. *Lavand. Co. m 45 || R. 7 d . . - - 53 to 2 | * oil of Lavender 45 min. Limonis . . 2} Pr 7 d . . . Cut small. 5 * to 2 º of Rosemary 5 , Lobellae ... 2} | Pr. 48 h & P 40 mº to 30 | * * * - Sp. Eth.| 7 d . . . Coarse 10 to 30 ... ºrsi. . . . . . . In gr. Lobel. Eth. 2} |Sp o p. m Nutmeg, brsd. .. 75., Lupuli . . 2} Pr || 48 h & P -- 5 * to 2 Red Sandalwood 150, R. Spirit . 20 oz. Myrrhae ... 2} | R |48 h & P Coarse p. 5 to tº." "is. Distilled water 4 fº. oz. +Nucis vom. 'grin. 133 .. -- - - - - m 10 to 20 Rect. Spirit to Ext. oº: - - i - 20 oz. -- - ---- - Opii . . . . 1} Pr 7 d . . . Powder. m * to 40 | 1 º: ... 100 gr : ,, Amm. gr. 100 . . 7 d . . -- 5 * to 1 Saffron, cut sm. 180, Benzºic acid ... 180 .. Podophylli gr. 160 R - - - - - - - m 15 to 60 Qil of Anjº ... 1 dr. Pyrethri ... 4 || R. 48 h & P 40 * * , - Rect. Spirit 16 , , Quassiae .. * Pr || 7 d & P Chips. 5 : to 2 5 sº of inae .. - - 3d -- -, * to 2 ulnine 160 gr. Quininae gr. 160 aurant. o a sº tion of gr - mmonia ... 23 fl.oz. § ,, Amm. gr. 160 ° - - - - - -- 53 to 2 | tº ::1:#". % TABLE of THE TINCTUREs of THE BRITISH PHARMACOPOELA—continued. - | Prf. Name. Oz. to 1." | 9 |spirit. *Rhei . . . . 2 Pr Sabinae ... 2} Pr Scillae . . . . 2} Pr Senegae . . . 2; Pr +Sennae. . . . 2} Pr Serpent. .. 2} Pr Stramon. .. 2} Pr Sumbul .. 2} R Tolut . . . . 2} R Valer. . . . . . } Pr • Amm. 2} sº Am. rom. Veratri. Wirid. 4 R Zingib. . . . 2} R º, fort. .. 10 R Mace- Perco- rated. lated. Size of Powder. Dose. Compounds. 48 h & P 20 51 to 2 stom. * º º in 2 - o. 20 powder .. Oz. 48 h & P | Dried and 54 to spurg. º seeds, coarsely pºwdd. m. 20 to 60 cº, ºff. " 48 h & P Bruised. m 10 to 30 bruised ... ... + .. 48 h & P 40 5 to 2 iº. . . . 48 h & P Small. 51 to 4 roof Spirit . . . . 20 , 48 h & P 40 5 * to 2 48 h & P Bruised. m 10 to 30 + se brok 48 h & P 40 into 30 * * * * * g. Raisins, f 6 h . . . - - m 20 to 40 cº,"; mi. " " ruit, bruised ... .. -- 48 h & P 40 1 to 2 Coriander Fruit, 7 d . . . 40 3 to 1 bruised . . . . -- Proof Spirit ... 20 ºr 48 h & P 40 m 5 to 20 48 h & P In powder. m. 15 to 60 2h & P Fine powder. m 5 to 20 186 PHARMAcists' pocket-book. Trochisci, Lozenges, B.P. Acid. Benzoic. Ac. Benz., 360 gr. ; Sacch. Alb. 25 oz. ; Acac. Gum., powd., 1 oz. ; Muc. Acac. 2 fl. 3; Aq. Dest. q.s. : mix acid, sug. and gum ; add muc. to proper mass, div. into 720 loz. and dry at moderate temp. Dose, 1 to 5 lozenges. Acid. Tann. Ac. Tan., 360 gr.; Tr. Tolut., ; fl. 3; Sacch. Alb., powd., 25 oz.: Acac. Gum., powd., 1 oz. ; Muc. Acac., 2 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., 1 fl. 3. Diss. acid in aq.; add 1st Tr. mixed with muc.; then gum and sug. mixed; div. into 720 loz. and dry at moderate temp. Ea. loz. cont. # gr, '032 G., tan. acid. Dose, 1 to 6 lozenges. Bism. Submit. Bi. submit., 1440 gr.; Mg carb., 4 oz. ; Ca Carb. Ppt., 6 oz. ; Sacch. Alb., 29 oz. ; Acac. Gum, powd., 1 oz. ; Muc. Acac., 2 fl. 3; Aq. Rosae, q.s. Mix dry . ingredients; add muc.; form into mass with Aq. Ros. ; div. into 720 loz. and dry at mod. temp. Ea. loz. cont. 2 gr., "13 G., BiONO3, H20, Dose, 1 to 6 lozenges. Catechu. Cat., powd., 720 gr. ; Sacch. Alb., powd., 25 oz.: Acac. Gum., powd., 1 oz. ; Muc. Acac., 2 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., q.s. Mix cat., sug., and gum ; add muc. and aq. to form mass. ; div. into 720 loz. and dry at a mod. temp. Ea. loz. cont. I gr., '065 G., catechu. Dose, 1 to 6 lozenges. Ferri Redact. Fe Red., 720 gr. ; Sacch. Alb., powd., 25 oz. ; Acac. Gum., 1 oz. : Muc. Acac., 2 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., 1 fl. 3, or q.s. Mix Fe, sug., gum ; add muc. to aq. to form mass; div. into 720 loz. and dry at mod. temp. Ea. loz. cont. 1 gr., '065 G., Fe Redact. Dose, 1 to 6 lozenges. Ipecac. Ipec., powd., 180 gr. : Sacch. Alb., powd., 25 oz. ; Acac. Gum., powd., 1 oz. ; Muc. Acac., 2 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., 1 fl. 3, or q.s. Mix powd., and add muc. and aq. to form a proper mass; div. 720 loz. and dry at mod. temp. Ea. loz. cont. A gr., 016 G., Ipec. Dose, 1 to 3 lozenges. 187 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Trochisci- Morphinae. Morph. Hydrochl., 20 gr. ; Tr. Tolut., 3 fl. 3; Sacch. Alb., powd., 24 oz. ; Acac. Gummi, powd., 1 oz. ; Muc. Acac., q.s. ; Aq. Dest., + fl. 3. Diss. morph. in aq.; add soln. to Tr. mixed with 2 fl. 3 Muc.; then add gum and sug. mixed and muc. q.s. to form a proper mass ; div. into 720 loz., and dry at mod. tenup. Ea. loz. cont., a gr., '0018 G., Morph. Hydrochl. Dose, 1 to 6 lozenges. Morph... et Ipecac. Morph. Hydrochl., 20 gr. ; Ipec., 60 gr. ; Tr. Tolut., 4 fl. 3; Sacch. Alb., powd., 24 oz. ; Acac. Gummi, powd., 1 oz. ; Muc. Acac., q.s. ; Aq. Dest., 4 fl. 3. Diss. morph. in aq.; add solm. to Tr. mixed with 2 fl. 3 Muc.; then add ipec., gum, and sug. mixed, and Muc, q.s. to proper mass; div. into 720 loz., and dry at mod. temp. Ea. loz. cont. ºr gr., '0018 G., Mºrph. Hyd., and I's gr., '0054 G., ipec. Dose, 1 to 6 lozenges. Opii. Ext. Op., 72 gr. ; Tr. Tolut., 3 fl. 3; Sacch. Alb., powd., 16 oz. ; Acac. Gummi, powd., 2 oz.: Ext. Gly- cyrr., 6 oz. ; Aq. Dest., q.s. Add Ext. Op., softened by little aq., and Tr. to Ext. Gly. heated in aq. bath; add sug. and gum rubbed together, and mix; div. into 720 loz., and dry at mod. temp. Ea. loz. cont. *, gr., 0.065 G, Ext. Up., or º, . gr., '0013 G., Morphine. Dose, 1 to 6 lozenges. Pot. Chlorat Pot. chlort., powd., 3600 gr. ; Sacch. Alb., powd., 25 oz.: Acac. Gummi, powd., 1 oz. . Muc. Acac., 2 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., 1 fl. 3, or q.s. : mix powd., and add muc. and aq. to proper mass; div. into 720 loz., and dry at mod. tem. Ea. loz. cont. 5 gr., 32 G., KClO3. Dose, 1 to 6 lozenges. Santonini. Sant., 720 gr. ; Sacch. Alb., powd., 25 oz. ; Acac. Gummi, powd., 1 oz. ; Muc. Acac., 2 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., q.s. : mix solids; add muc. and aq. to proper mass; div. into 720 loz., and dry at mod. temp. Ea. loz. cont. 1 gr., '065 G., Santon. Dose, 1 to 6 lozenges. Sod. Bicarb. Sod. bicarb., 3600 gr. : Sacch. Alb., powd., 25 oz. ; Acac. Gummi, powd., 1 oz. ; Muc. Acac., 2 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., 1 fl. 3. Mix powd., and add muc. and aq, to 188 PHARMACISTs' POCKET-Book. Trochisci- proper mass; div. into 720 loz. and dry at mod. temp. Ea. loz. cont. 5 gr., 32 G., NaHCO3. Dose, 1 to 6 lozenges. unguenta, Ointments, B.P. Unguentum— Acid. Boric. Ac. Bor., powd., 1 p.; Paraff. Moll., 4 p. ; Paraff. Dur., 2 p. Melt paraffs., and sieve in acid; stir together till cold. Acid. Carbol. Ac. Carb., 1 p. ; Paraff. Moll., 12 p. ; Paraff. Dur., 6 p. Melt, and stir together till cold. Acid. Salicyl. Ac. Sal., 1 p.; Paraff. Moll., 18 p., Paraff. Dur., 9 p. Melt paraffs. ; add acid; stir till cold. Aconit. Acon., 1 p. ; R.S.V., 3} fl. p. ; Adeps Benz., 55 p. Diss. acon. in spir. ; add lard, and mix. Antim. Tart. Ant. Tart., fine powd., 1 p. ; Ung., 4 p. Mix. Atropinae. Atrop., 1 p. ; R.S.V., 3} fl. p. ; Adeps Benz., 55 p. Diss. atrop. in spir. ; add lard, and mix. Belladon. Ext. Bell. Alc., 1 p. ; Adeps Benz., 9 p. Mix. Calaminae. Cal. Praep., 1 p. ; Adeps Benz., 5 p. Mix. Canthar. Canth., Cera Fl., of ea. 1 p. ; Ol. Olivae, 6 fl. p. Inf, canth. in oil 12 hrs. ; place vessel in boilg aq. 15 min. ; strain through muslin; add product to melted wax, and stir till cold. Cetac. Cet., 10 p.; Cera Alb., 4 p. ; Ol. Amygd., 40 fl. p. ; benzoin powd., 1 p. Add benz. to others melted ; keep hot with stirrg. 2 hrs. ; remove from heat; strain off resid. benz., and stir till cold. Chrysarob. Chrys., 1 p. ; Adeps Benz., 24 p. Melt lard ; add Crys. and stir; after a time remove from heat and stir till cold. Creasoti. Creas., 1 fl. p. ; Ung., 8 p. Mix. Elemi. El., 1 p.; Ung., 4 p. Melt ; strain through flannel ; stir till solid. Eucalypti. Ol. Euc., 1 p.; Paraff. Moll., Paraff. Dur., of ea. 2 p. Melt paraff. ; add oil; stir till cold. 189 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Unguentum– Gallaº. Galls, fine powd., 1 p. ; Adeps Benz., 5.5 p. Mix. Gall, cum Op. Ung. Gallae, 13-6 p. ; Op., powd., 1 p. Mix. Glycern. Plumb. Subacet. Gly. Pb Subac, 1 p.; Paraff. Moll., 4 p.; Paraff. Dur., 1, p. Melt paraffs. ; add glyc.; stir till cool. Hydrarg. Hg, Adeps Praep., of ea. 16 p.; Sev. Praep., 1 p. Rub till globules of Hg disappear. Isº Ammont. Hydrarg. Amm., 1 p.; Ung., 9 p. 1X. Hydrarg. Co. Ung. Hydrarg., 6 p.; Cera Fl., Ol. Olivae, of ea. 3 p. ; Camph., 14 p. Mix wax and oil by heat; incorp. Ung. Hyd. ; add powd. camph. when nearly cool; stir. Hydrarg. Iod. Rub. Hg ſod. Rub., fine powd., 1 p. ; Ung., 27-3 p. Mix. Hydrarg. Nitrat. Hg, 1 p. ; Acid. Nit., 3 fl. p. ; Adeps Prasp., 33 p. ; Ol. Olivae, 8 fl. p. Diss. Hg in acid with a little heat; melt lard in oil in large vessel, and add Hg soln., both at 100° C. (212°F.); heat to frothg. ; stir till cold. Hydrarg. Nitrat. Dil. Ung. Hg Nit., 1 p.; Paraff. Moll., 2 p. Mix. Hydrarg. Oxid. Rub. Hg oxid. Rub., fine powd., 1 p.; Paraff. Dur., 1* 76 p. ; Paraff. Moll., 5.3 p. Melt paraffs., and incorp. Hg oxid, as the mixt. thickens on coolg. Hydrarg. Subchlorid. Hg Subchl., 1 p. ; Adeps Benz., 5'47 p. Mix. Iodi. I, 7 p. ; Pot. iod., 7 p. ; glycrin., 12 fl. p. ; Adeps Prap., 19 p. Add lard to others rubbed together, and Inly. Iodoformi. Iodfm., 1 p. ; Adeps Benz., 9 p. Add iod. to melted lard ; stir till dissolved ; cool. Picis Liq. Tar, 24 p. ; Cera Fl., 1 p. Add tar to melted wax ; stir till cool. Plumbi Subacet. Pb acet., fine powd., 2 p. ; Adeps Benz., 73 p. Mix. 190 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. Unguentum – Plumbi Carb. Pb carb., fine powd., 1 p.; Ung., 7 p. Mix. Plumbi Iodid. Pb iod., fine powd., 1 p.; Ung., 7 p. Mix. Pot. Sulphuratae. Pot. Sulphrt., 5 p.; Paraff. Dur., 18 p.; Paraff. Moll., 55 p. Trit. Pot. Sulphrt., and add melted mixt. of hard and soft paraffs. ; rub till smooth. Pot. Iodid. Pot. iod., 16 p. ; pot. carb., 1 p. ; aq., 14 fl. p. ; Adeps Benz., 110 p. Diss pot. iod. and pot. carb. in aq., mix all. Resinae. Resin, powd., 4 p. ; Cera Fl., 2 p.; Ung., 8 p. ; Ol. Amygd., 1 fl. p. ; melt; strain hot; stir till cool. Sabinae. Sab. Cac., frsh., brsd., 4 p. ; Cera F1, 14 p. ; Adeps Benz., 8 p. Melt lard and wax by aq. bath; add savin; digest 20 min. ; express through calico. Simplex. Cera Alb., 1 p. ; Adeps Benz., 14 p. ; Ol. Amygd., 14 fl. p. Melt all together in aq. bath ; stir till cool. Staphisag. Staph. Sem., 1 p. ; Adeps Benz., 2 p. Crush seeds, and mac. in melted lard 2 hrs. ; strain through calico; cool. Cont. abt. 10 % oil of stavesacre. Sulphuris. S. Subl., 1 p. ; Adeps Benz., 4 p. Mix. Sulphur. Iodid. Sulph. Iod., 5 p.; Paraff. Dur., 18 p.; Paraff. Moll., 55 p. Trit. iod., add melted paraffs. ; rub till cold and smooth. Terebinth. Ol. Tereb., 8 fl. p. ; resin, powd., 1 p.; Cera, Fl., 4 p. ; Adeps Praep., 4 p. Melt together at 100° C. (212°F.); stir till cool. Veratrinae. Verat., 1 p.; Paraff. Dur., 14 p. ; Paraff. Moll., 41 p. ; Ol. Oliva, 7 p. Rub ver, with oil, and add paraffs. when after melting they begin to thicken on cooling. Zinci. Zn oxid., 2 p. ; Adeps Benz., 11 p. : add oxid. to melted lard ; stir till cool. Zinci Oleati. Oleat. Zinci, 1 p.; Paraff. Moll., 1 p. ; mix with heatg.: stir till cold. 191 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Vapores, Vapours, B.P. These are inhaled by means of a suitable apparatus. Vapor— Acid. Hydrocy. Ac. Hydcy. Dil., 10 to 15 m, '59 to '88 c.C.; cold aq., 1 fl. 3. Inhale. Chlori. Calc Chlornt., 2 oz. ; cold aq., q.s. Inhale. Coninae. Suc. Conii, 4 fl. 3; Liq. Potass., 1 fl. 3; Aq. Dest., 1 fl. 3. Mix; put 20 m, 1:2 c.C., on sponge, and inhale vapour of hot aq. passing over. Creasoti. Creas., 12 m; boilg. aq., 8 fl. 3. Inhale air passing over. Iodi. Tr. Iod., 1 fl. 3; aq., 1 fl. 3. Inhale with gentle heating. Ol. Pini Sylv. Fir was oil, 40 m. ; Mg Carb. Lev., 20 gr. ; aq. q.s. Rub oil with carb., add aq. to 1 fl. 3; mix, 1 fl. 3 of mix with 10 fl. 3 cold aq. and 10 fl. 3 boilg. aq. and inhale. air passg. through. Vina, Wines, B.P. Vinum- Aloes. Al. Soc., 14 oz. ; Card. Sem., brsd., 80 gr. ; Ginger, powd., 80 gr. ; sherry, 2 pints. Mac. 7 dys., with agitatn.; filter; add sherry to 2 pints. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 3’55 to 7 - 1 c.C. - Antimoniale. Sb tart., 1 p.; sherry, 219 ft. p. Diss, and filter. Dose, 5 m to 1 fl. 3, 29 to 355 c.C. Aurant. Frsh. pl. of bitt. orange is added to sugar soln., and this is fermented. Cont. 10 to 12 º' alcohol. Colchici. Colch. Corm., sliced, drd., 20 powd., 4 oz. ; sherry 1 pint. Mac. 7 dys., with agitatn. ; press; strain through calico; add sherry to 1 pint. Dose, 10 to 30 ml, * 59 to 1-77 c.C. Ferri. Fe, wire, 1 p.; sherry, 20 fl. p. Mac. 30 dys, with Fe almost all immersed; shake occasionally, and remove stopper; filter. Dose, 1 to 4 fl. 3, 3’55 to 14-2 c.C. Ferri Citrat. Fe et Am. Citr., 1 p.; Vin. Aurant., 55 fl. p Diss. ; shake in closed vessel 3 dys. ; filter. Dose, 1 to 4 fl. 3, 3-55 to 14-2 c.C. 192 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Vinum- Ipecac. Ipec., powd., 1 oz. ; Ac. Acet., 1 fl. 3; Aq. Dest. q.s. ; sherry, 1 pint. Mac. ipec. in acid 24 hrs. ; percolate finally with aq. to 1 pint ; evap. to dryness, and mac. the powdered residue in sherry 48 hrs., with agitatn. ; filter. Dose, 5 to 40 ml, '29 to 2-36 c.C. (expect.); 3 to 6 fl. 3, 10:65 to 21:30 c.C. (emetic). Opii. Ext. Op., 1 p. ; Cinnam. Cort., brsd., 3 p. ; cloves, brsd., 3 p.; sherry, 20 fl. p. Mac. 7 dys. with agitatn. ; filter; 1 fl. 3 cont. abt. 22 gr. Ext. Op. ; 1 fl. 3 cont. abt. A gr., 0.32 G., Morphine. Dose, 10 to 40 ml, *59 to 2-36 c.C. Quininae. Quin. sulpht., 1 p. ; Ac. Citric., 1+ p.; Win. Aurant., 438 fl. p. Diss. acid, then quin. in wine; shake 3 days; filter. 1 fl. 3 cont. 1 gr. 065 G., quin. sulpht. Dose, 1/2 to 1 fl. 3, 14-2 to 28°4, c.C. Rhei. Rheum, powd., 14 oz. ; Canella Cort, 60 gr. ; sherry" 1 pint. Mac. 7 dys, with agitatn. ; strain; press; filter; add º to 1 pint. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. 3, 3’55 to 7 - 1 c.C. Xericum. Spanish Sherry. Cont. 17% alcohol. 193 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Essential Oils, Vol. Oils, or Essences. These are the proximate principles to which in the majority of cases the odours of plants are due. They have been classified somewhat as follows:— (a) Oils consistg. of terpenes, C10H16 (symbol T), e. g. Ol. Tereb., Ol. Limonis; or contg. T and allied oxidised products, such as saffrol ||, anetholf, eugenolf, thymolºſ, menthol", carvol ºk. - cº Oils consisting chiefly of cedrenes, C15H24, or contg. renes and allied oxidised products, e.g. di. Cubebae. lº Oils consisting chiefly of aromatic aldehydes and allied ies, e. g. Ol. Amygd. Am., Ol. Cinnamomi, Ol. Carui, &c. (d) Oils consisting chiefly of ethereal salts, e.g. 01. Gaulth, Ol. Sinapis. The unoxidised hydrocarbons are called olaeoptenes, the solid oxygenated camphoroid bodies are termed stearoptenes. Some vol. oils contain cymene, C10H14. Most vol. oils are colourless or yellow when fresh, but some gain colour on exposure to the air, at the same time tending to become resinoid. Oils of class d tend to deposit crystals of . acid on exposure to air. Alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzol, are good solvents for vol. oils; alcohol dissolves oxygenated oils more readily than it does terpenes. Some oils, as Ol. Anthem., Ol. Absinth., are blue from presence of a colouring matter (azulene), which volatilises about 260° C. Vol. oils are liable to adulteration with alcohol, chloroform fixed oils, and with cheaper vol. oils, such as oil of turps. Their taste may be aromatic (a), acrid (ac), pungent (p), bitter (b), sweet (s), warm (w), with cool after-taste (c), spicy (sp), mint-like (mt), camphoraceous (ca), &c. The table gives on pp. 194 and 195 oils official in B.P. and U.S.P. (latter in itals.). D = dextro-rot., L = laevo-rot. i # = feebly, ! = strongly. B.Pt., Sp. Gr., &c., are approximate; Sp. Gr. often greater when old. 3. Name (Oleum). Synon. Nat. Ord. Light. Sp. Gr. Taste. Composition. Dose. Amygdalae Am. bitt. almond Rosacae. nil. 1:043–1-049 wib. C7H6O + to 1 m. Anethi Fr. .. dill Umbelae. I Dº! -8.46 - two T. *C10H140? 1 to 4 m. Anisi (B.P. only) - -- D Lt. -976–1990 s. a. T. C10H120 1 to 4 m. Anthemidis ... horse rad. Composae. - - - Co B70.0C5H11 1 to 4 m. (= 2 ethers), &c. Aurantii Cort. orange fl. Aurantae. D • 860 - T - -- Flor. neroli -- D - 85–-89 b. a. | T - Bergamii - Aurantae. D • 86–-88 b. T. Cohgos, sm. quant. 1 to 4 m. Cajuputi.. - Myrtae. L • 926 b. a. | T, H2O, orth., iso-, 1 to 4 m. para- Cardamomi - Zingibae. D - - T, 3H2O.C. *Hºo - Carui . . . . caraway Umbelae. D •920 - T. *C10H14 1 to 4 m. Caryophylli .. cloves Myrtae. Li l'O46–1-058w.ac.a. C15H2+...+C10H1202 || 1 to 4 m Chenopodii Amer.wormsd Chenopae. — -92 p. b. T.  (4 to 8 m) Cinnamomi - Laurae. Lt. 1-040 s. we a. CoHsO2(cinnam, ald.) | 1 to 4 m Copaibae .. - Legumae. L -89 p. b. T. C15H24 5 to 20 m. Coriandri - Umbelae. D -870 w.sp. C10H18O 1 to 4 m. Cubebae .. - Piperae. L -92 w. ca. a. | T. 2 oils, C15H24 L5 to 20 m Erigonitis - Composae. — - 85 a. p. T. oxyd. oil (10 to 30 m) Eucalypti - Myrtae. D -90 p. sp. c. C10H14.T. C10H160 || 1 to 4 m Faenicult - fennel Umbelae. I Dº! •96 - T. C10H120 (5 to 15 m) Gaultheriae ... winter-green Ericae. — 1-18 w. s. a. | T. CH3, C7H8O3 - 3. Name (Oleum). Synon. Nat. Ord. º Sp. Gr Taste. Composition. Dose Hedeomae . Amer. pen. rl. Labtae. L -94 p.mt. Oxyd. oil 1 to 2 m Juniperi . . . . - Conifae. I L •87 w.a. s. T 1 to 4 m. Lavandulae - Labtaº. L -89 p. b. T. C10H16O.C10H18O Lavand. Flor. - Labtae. D • 89 p. b. T. §C10H200. C10H180 1 to 4 m Limonis . . lemons Aurantae. I I, -85 - T. 1 to 4 m Menthae Pip... pepp. mt. Labrae. L 84-92 a. c. *C10H200. C10H18O 1 to 4 m , Vir. ... spear. mt. Labtae. I — • 90 W. a. - º 1 to 4 m. Myrciae . . “bay.” Myrtae. D ! 1-04 p. sp. T. C10H12O2 - Myristicae nutmeg Myrtae. L + - 93 h. sp. T. C10H140 1 to 4 m Pimentae - Myrtae. D 1-04 p. sp. P. f.O10B1202 1 to 4 m. Rosae - Rosacae. L •86 - CnH2n-. oxyd. oil - Rosmarini - Labtae. I — -90 p.mt. T. C10H18O 1 to 4 m. Ruta” . . . . rue Ruteas. D ! • 88 p. b. CH3. CO.C9H19 1 to 4 m. Sabinae . . . . savin Conifax. L -91 p. b. ca. Clo Big 1 to 4 m. Santali sandal Santlab. D •945 p. sp. C15H240. C10H260 | 10 to 30 m Sassafras .. - Laurae. I — 1 - 09 W. a. - ſº (3 to 5 m) Sinafris Vol. .. mustard Cruefae. I – 1 - 0.17 p.ac. W.C3H5 - Succini . - amber - DL •92 W. ac. - (5 to 15 m) Terebinthinae “turps" Conife. •855–1870 - Terpene 10m to 4f.5 Thymi . . . . - Labtae. I — •88 w. p. c C10H14.T.*C10H140 - - - Valernae. L • 35 - T. C10H18O (4 to 5 m) Valerianae . T 3. The Fixed Oils Official in the B.P. and U.S.P. Those in U.S.P. only in Italics. Animal Oils". Name. Species. Natom. Rºº, Oleum— *Adipis . Sus scrofa Mammal. 1900–920 Pachydm. Amygdalae ...|Prunus A. Rosae 914-920 amar. or dulc. Crotonis C. Tiglium Euphorb.914–955 (Tiglii) Gossypii Sem. G. var. spec. Malvac. 92–930 Lini . . . . L. usitatissi- Linac. labt. 936 Inuin *Morrhuac ...Gadus M. Teleost., 92–935 Gadid. Myristicae Exp.M. fragrams Myris- ticac. Olivae " .. , . Olea europeas Oleac. 915–918 Ricini ..R. communis Euphorb. 95–970 Sesami . S. indicum Pedaliac. 1914-923 Theobromatis T. Cacao Stercul. (995) (Theobrome) Composition, Uses, Dose, &c. Triolein, also palmitin and stearin. Chiefly triolein, also tripalmitin. Glycerides of tiglic, crotonic, valeric, and other vol. acids, besides lauric, myristic, palmitic,and stearic. Dose, 1/3 to 1 m. 019 to 'O39 c.C. Pustulant; purgative. Stearin, olein, &c. - Chiefly linolein, also olein, myristin, pal- mitin. Chiefly olein, also myristin, palmitin, stearin, biliary matter. Dose, 1 to 8 fl. 3, 3-55 to 28°4 c.C. Nutritive. Cont. 6% vol. oil, free myristic acid, myristin, stearin. Tripalmitin, triolein, &c. Probably tripalmitin, with the glyceride of ricinoleic acid. Dose, 1 to 8 fl. 3, 3-55 to 28.4 c.C. Purgative. Chiefly olein, also myristin, palmitin. stearin. Cont. glycerides of stearic, oleic, and alittle lauric, palmitic, and arachidic acids. º OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS OF THE U.S.P. (This Section from Remington's Pharmacy.) All quantities are parts by weight. Italics indicate those used externally. Liquids. Solids. Made without Percolation or v. Perc. - "... Made by Perc. or Mac. Maº: * yº Aqueous Solutions— Aqueous Liquids— Extracts Powders. aters. Infusions. Abstracts. Triturations. Solutions. Decoctions. Resins. Masses. *gº. Sols., contg. Alcoholic Liquids— Confections. weet or Viscid Sub- Tinctures. Pills. stances— Wines. Troches. Syrups. Fluid Extracts. Cerates. Honeys. Ethereal Liquids— Ointments. Mucilages. Oleoresins. Plasters. Mixtures Acetous Liquids– Papers. Glycerites. Winegars. Suppositories. Alcoholic Solutions- Preps. in this Spirits. class are Elixir. mostly ex- Ethereal Solutions— tempora- Collodioms. neous. Oleaginous Solutions— Liniments. Oleates. 3. Aquae, Waters, U.S.P. How Made. Name. Proportion of Liq. Dissolved. Uses and Dose. By passing Gas Single Solution . } into Aq. .. º By Percolation through impreg- nated Cotton .. By Distillation .. } Aqua Amygdalae Amarae Creasoti . . . . . . Ammoniae - - - - -- Fortior .. Chlori . . . . . . Anisi. . . . . . . . Camphorae . . . . Cinnamomi . . . . Foeniculi . . . . Menthae Pip. . -- Vir. Aurantii Flor. Destillata.. Rosae. . . . . . . . 0.1% Vol. Oil .. 1% Creosote. . . . 10% NH3 28% , - - - - At least 0.4% CI .. 0.2% Vol. Oil .. 0.8% Camphor diss. in alcoh. , 0.2% Vol. Oil 0- 2% -- 0.2% -- 0.2% -- 40% Fresh Flowers 40% Pale Rose Vehicle, 2 fl. 5. Antiseptic and locally, 1 to 4 fl. 5. Stimulant, caustic. Rubefac., escharotic. Antisept., stimulant. Vehicle, 1 fl. 3. Antispasmdc., + fl. 3. Vehicle, 1 fl. 3. Sedatv. vehicle, 3 fl. 3. Vehicle, 13. 199 POCKET-BOOK. PHARMACISTs' Liquores, Solutions, U.S.P. Nature. Name. Composition by wr. Chloro- form. | Liquor cidi Arseniosi Arsen, et Hydrarg. Iod. Calcis Ferriet quin City. Iodi Co... . . . . Pepsini.. - Plumbi Subacet. Dil. Potassie .. Soda. . . . . . . Sodii Arseniat. .. , Silicat. Ammonii Acet. .. Ferri Acet. . . . . ,, Chloridi . ,, Citrati - Nitrat. - - Subsulpht... , Tersulpht... Hydrarg. Nitrat... Magnes. Citrat. .. Plumb. Subacet... Potassae - - Pot. Citrat. . . . . Arsenit. -- Sodas . . . . ,, Chlorat. Zinci Chlorid. Gutta-Perchae 1% A203; 2% HCl (U.S.P.). 1% Asia; 1% HgI2. [CaFI,02). Saturated (abt. 0-15%. 32.5% citrate of Fe and Am...; 6% quinine; 14% citric acid; 15% alcoh. and aq. 5%. I; 10%. K.I. 4% Sacch. Peps.; 1.2% HCl (U.S.P.); 40% glycerol, aq. 54.8%. 3% soln. of lead subacetate. 5' 0% potassa (2nd formula). 5'0% soda 1% sod, arseniate. Nearly saturated. [carb. Dil, acet, ac, with ammon, 33% ferric acetate. 37.8%. FeCl3. 43 to 44% scaled salt. 6% ferric nitrate. 43.7% of the salt. 28.7% of the salt. 50% (abt.) mercuric nitrate. Mg, carb., citr. ac., KHCO3, aq. 25% (abt.) lead subacetate, 5% (abt.) potassa. 9% (abt.) pot. citrate. 1% As2O3; 1% pot. bicarb.; tº iº. Co. º.º.º. 100%. 5% (abt.) sod. hydrate. At least 2% available Cl. 50% (abt.) zinc chloride. } 9% guttapercha; 10% lead carb. 3. Syrupi, Syrups, U.S.P. p. = parts. - * Name. Sub-class. Proportions by wt. +: / | Syrupus .. - 65 p. sugar; aq. dest. to 100 p. 3 Calcis . . . . - 5 p. lime; 30 p. sug. : aq. to 100 p. ~ Ferri Bromid. Involvg. chem. actn. 10 p. ferrous bromd.; 60 p. sugar; : Aq. Dest. to 100 p. * ,, Iodid... -- -- -- 10 p. ferrous iod. ; 60 p. sugar; Aq. E Dest. to 100 p. 5. Rubi Idaei .. From pressed and 40 p. filtrá. juice; 60 p. sugar. : Acac. Acid citric. Rhei Arom.. Ipecac. . . Krameriae Lactuc... Rosae Rubi Senega: .. fermd.juice With mucilg... .. ,, flavd. acid sol. ,, arom. tinc. .. , fid. extract .. 25 p. Muc. Acac.; syrup to 100 p. 8 p. citr, ac.; 4 p. spir. lemon; 8 p. aq.; sy, to 1000 p. 10 p. arom. Tr. Rhei; syrup to 100 p. 5 p. fl. ext, ipec, ; 95 p. syrup. 35 p. , kram.; 65 p. syrup. 5 p. , lactuc.; 95 p.syrup. 10 p. , rose; 90 p. syrup. 20 p. , rubus; 80 p. syrup. 160 p. senega; 4 p. Aq. Ammon.; 600 p. sugar; aq. to 1000 p. s Syrupi–continued. Method. Name. Sub-class. Proportions by wit. . Syrupus Allii . Scillae . Althaeae Pruni Virg. . Rhei . . . Sennae .. Amygd. Limonis . . Aurantii .. Sarsap. Co. . . Contg. acet. ac. -- -- -- - - - From cold aq. infus. Infus. made by digest. From emuls. . . . . From juice . . . . Medictd. water from tinct. 15 p. garlic; 60 p. sug.: 40 p. dil. acet. acid. 40 p. vineg. squill; 60 p. sugar. 4 p. Althoea; 60 p. sugar; aq. to 100 p. [sug.; aq. to 100 p. 12 p. Pr. Virg.; 5 p. glycer.; 60 p. 9 pr. rhub., 1.8 p. cinnam, 0.6 p. K2CO3, 60 p. sug., aq. to 100 p. 33 p. senn.; 60 p. sug.: 4 p. alcoh.; oil of coriand. 1% of the alcoh.; aq. to 100 p. 10 p. Amyg. d.; 3 p. Amyg. a. ; 50 p. sug.: 5 p. Aq. Aurant Fl.; aq. to 100 p. 40 p. lem.juice; 2 p. lem. peel; 60 p. sug. 5 p. sw.orang.pl.: 5 p. alcoh.; 1 p. Ca3P208; 60 p. sug.; aq. to 100 p. 150 p. sarsap. ; 20 p. guaiac. was ; 12 p. pl. rose; 12 p. glycyrh.; 12 p. senna; 6 p. Sassaf ; 6 p.anise; 6 p. Gaulth.; 600 p.sug.; dil. alcoli. and aq. to 1000 p. § Syrupi—continued. Name. Sub-class. Proportions by wit. i f Syrupus Scillae Co. . . Zingib. . . . . . . Aurant. Flor. Ferri Quinin. et Strych. Phosph. Hypophosphit... Hypophosphitum cum Ferro -- Acid. Hydriod. .. Calcii Lacto-phos- phat... . . . . Picis Liquidae .. Tolutanus .. Medictd. water from tinct. Medctd. water from fil. ext. Simple admixtr. of soln. Solutn. involvg. chem. act. 120 p. squill; 120 p. senega; 3 p. Sb et K tart: ; 1200 p. sug. ; 9 p. Ca3 P20s; dil, alcoh. and aq. to 2000 p. 2 p.fl. ext, ging.: 65 p. sug.; aq. to 100 p. 35 p. Aq. Aur. Fl.; 65 p. sugar. 133 p. Fe phos.: 133 p. Quin. ; 4 p. strych. : 800 p.phosp. ac.; 6000 p. sug.; Aq. Dest. to 10,000 p. 35 p. Ca hypophos.; 12 p. Na hypo- phos.; 12 p. Khypophos.; 1 p. citr. ac.; 2 p. spir. lemon; 500 p. sug. ; aq. to 1000 p. 1 p. Fe lactate; 99 p. Sy. Hypophos- phit. II, alcoh. 8, Syr. 150, sug. 500, sp. orange 500, aq. 58 parts. 22 p. Caº P20s; 33 p. lact, ac.; 80 p. Aq. Aur. Fl.; 600 p. sug.; HCl ; Aq. Ammon. ; aq, to 1000 p. 6 p.tar; 12 p. cold aq.; 50 p. boil. 60 p. sug. ; Aq. Dest. 4 p. tolu. ; 65 p. sug.; Aq. Dest. to 100 p. 3. Mellita, Honeys, U.S.P. Name. Proportions by wt. with Description. Preparation. Mel . . . . . . . . . Coml, honey.. - - - - - - Mel Despumatum ... Clarified honey . . . . . . . . . Melted, skimmed, and strained. Mel Rose . . . . . . 8 p. red rose, No. 40 pow.; 92 p. Percol. rose with dil. alcoh., re- clar. honey, dil. alcoh. serving first 3 p. of percolate, evap. remaind. to 5 p., and mix whole with honey. Mucilagines, Mucilages, U.S.P. Name. Proportions by wt. Process. Mucilago— Acaciae . . . . 34 p. Acac.; aq. to 100 p... Wash acac. with cold aq., diss, in cold aq. strain. Cydonii . . . . . 2 p. Cydon. ; Aq. Dest. to Macer. A hr., strain without pressr. 100 p. Sarsafr. Medull. 2 p. sarsaf-pith; aq. to 100 1. Macer. 3 hrs., strain. Tragacanthae ... 6 p. tragac.; 18 p. glycerol; Mix gly, with 76 p. boilg. aq., add trag., aq. to 100 p. macer, for 24 hrs. with stirring, strain finally through muslin. Ulmi... . . . . 6 p. elm, boilg. aq. to 100 p. Macer. 2 hrs., strain. § Misture, Mixtures, U.S.P. Name. Mistura– Ammoniaci.. Asafoetidae .. Amydalae Chloroformi.. Cretae Ferri Co. Glycyrrh. Co. Magnes. et Asafoet. Ferri et Ammon. Acet. Rhei et Sodae Potass. Citrat. 20 p. Pulv. Cret. Co.; 40 p. Aq. Cinnam.; 40 p.aq. 6 p. Fe sulph.; 18 łº, carb.; 18 p. myrrh; 18 p. sug.; 50 p. Sp. Lavand.: 900 p. Aq. Rosae. 3 p. pure Ext. Gly.; 3 p. sug.: 3 p. acac.; 12 p. Tinc. Op. Camp. ; 6 p. Win. Antim.; 3 p. Spir. Æth. Nit.; 70 p.aq. 5 p. Mg carb.: 7 p. Tinc. Asaf.; 1 p. Tinc. Op. ; 10 p. sug.: 77 p. Aq. Dest. 2 p. Tinc. Fe Chlor. : 3 p. Ac. Acet. Dil. ; 20 p. Liq. Amm. Acet.; 10 p. El. Aurant. ; 15 p. Syr.: 50p. aq. 30 p. Sod. Bicarb.; 30 p. fl. ext, rhub.; 30 p. spir. pepp.-mint.: 910 p.aq. 100 p. fresh lemon-juice; abt. 10 p. pot. bicarb. Proportions by wit. Descriptions. 4 p. ammonc. with 100 p.aq. .. { Simple gum- 4 p. asaft. ; aq. to 100 p. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . res, emuls. 6 p. sw. almd.; 1 p. acac.; 3 p. sug. : 100 p.aq. . . . Simple seed emuls. 8 p. chlorfm.; 2 p. camph.; 10 p. egg-yolk; 80 p.aq. Egg emuls. Cont, insol. pwdrs, in suspens. No insol. pwdrs. Efferv.mixt. º Glycerita, Glycerites, U.S.P. Name. Glyceritum Amyli . Proportion by wit. - - - 10 p. starch; 90 p. glycerol; forms translucent jelly. -- Vitelli .. ... 45 p. fresh egg-yolk; 55 p. glycerol. Spiritus, Spirits, U.S.P. Name. Proportions by wt. Uses and Dose. Spiritus— Made by Simple Solution. AEtheris 30 p. AEth. Fort.; 70 p. alcoh. .. Stimult. : 1 to 3 fl. 5. -- Co. Ammon. Arom. Anisi . . . . Aurantii .. Camphorae .. Chloroformi Cinnamomi Alcoh. 4 p. Am. carb.; 10 p. Liq. Amm.; 1:2 p. oil lem.; 1 p. Ol. Lav. Flor.; , 1 p. Ol. Pimen. ; 70 p.alcoh.; 15 p.aq. 10 p. Ol. Anisi; 90 p. alcoh. . . . . 6 p. Ol. Aur. Cort. ; 94 p. alcoh. .. 10 p. camph. : 70 p. alcoh.; 20 p.aq. 10 p. purf. chlorf.; 90 p. alcoh. .. 10 p. Ol. Cinn.; 90 p.alcoh. -- -- 3 p. oi." Eih.; 37 p. Anod, stimt.; 30 to 60 m. Antacid; 30 to 60 m. Carmintv.; 1 fl. 5. Flavouring. Stimult: ; 5 to 60 m. Sedatv., stim. ; 10 to 60 m. Stimult. 5 to 15 m. § Spiritus—continued. Name. Proportions by wt. Uses and Dose. Spiritus— Gaultheriae... ... 3 p. Ol. Gault.: 97 p. alcoh. Flavor.; 5 to 15 m. Juniperi ... 3 p. Ol. Junip. ; 97 p. alcoh. . . . . . . . . Stim., diuret. ; 1 to 2 fl. 5. -- Co. . . . 2 p. Ol. Junip. ; 02 p. Ol. Cari; : 02 p. Ol. -- -> 2 to 4 fl. 5. Foenic.; 600 p.alcoh. ; aq. to 1000 p. Lavandulae ... 3 p. Ol. Lav. Fl.; 97 p. alcoh. . . . . . . . . to 1 fl. % Myrciae ... 16 p. Ol. Myrc.; 1 p. Ol. Aur. Cort.; Externally. (Bay rum.) Myristicae . . Odoratus Limonis Menthae Pip. Vir. 1 p. Ol. Piment. ; 1000 p.alcoh.; 782 p. aq. 3 p. Ol. Myrs. ; 97 p. alcoh. - - - - 1-6 p. Ol. Bergam.; 8 p. Ol. Lemon; ‘8 p. Ol. Rosmar.; 4 p. Ol. Lavand. Fl.; 4 p. Ol. Aurant. Fl.; 2 p. Alth. Acet. ; 15: 8 p. aq.; 80 p.alcoh. Made by Solution with Maceration. 6 p. Ol. Lim. ; 4 p. Lim. Cort.; alcoh. to 100 p. 10 p. & Men. Pip. ; 1 p. pep-mt. herb: alcoh to 100 p. 10 p. Ol. Men. Vir.; 1 p. spr.-mt. herb; alcoh, to 100 p. + to 1 fl. 5. Perfume. (Cologne water.) Flavouring. Carmin. ; 10 to 20 m. -- -- § Spiritus—continued. Name. Proportions by wit. Uses and Dose. Spiritus— Made by Gaseous Solution. Ammoniae . . . . Aq. Amm. Fort.: heat; alcoh.; 10% gas Stim. ; 5 to 30 m. By Chemical Reaction. AEtheris Nit. .. 5% ethyl nitrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diaph, diuretc., to 1 fl. 3. Made by Distillation. Frumenti . . . . . Alcoh. from grain, 2 years old at least ... Stimul.; # to 1 fl. 5. Vini Gallici . -- grapes, 4 -- -- -- -- -- Elixiria, Elizirs, U.S.P. (1 only official).-1 p. Ol. Aurant. Cort., 2 p. cotton, 100 p. sug., a mixt. of alcoh. and aq. (1 to 3), with which percol. to 300 p. (all by wt.). Collodia, Collodions, U.S.P. Name. Proportions by wit. C. Stypticum ... 20 p. tannic ac.; 5 p. alcoh.; 20 p. AEth. Fort.; 55 p. Coll. Collodium ... . . . 4 p. Pyrox.: 70 p. AEth. Fort.; 26 p. alcoh. : decant from sediment. C. cum Canthar. ... 60 p. Canthar, 250 p., chlorfm. ; distil and evap. distillt. to 15 p.; diss. residue in 85 p. Coll. Flex., and decant. C. Flexile ... ... 92 p. Coll.; 5 p. Tereb. Canad.: 3 p. Ol. Ricini. É Linimenta, Liniments, U.S.P. Name. Linimentum– Ammoniae -- Calcis -- Camphorae .. Plumbi Subacet Belladonna ... Alºh. Chloroformi Saponis Sinapis Co. Cantharidis ... Ol. Tereb. Terebinthinae ... Base. Proportions by wit. 30 p. Aq. Ammon. ; 70 p. cotton-seed oil. 5 p. Liq. Calcis; 50 p. cotton-seed oil. 20 p. camphor; 80 p. -- 40 p. Liq. Plumb. subac, ; 60 p. cotton-seed oil. 5 p. camphor: 95 p. Ext. Bellad. Fl. 40 p.coml. chlorof.; 60 p. Lin. Sapon. 10 p. soap. ; 5 p. camph. : 1 p. Ol. Rosmar. : 70 p. alcoh.; aq. to 100 p. 3 p. vol. oil must.; 2 p. Ext. Mezer. ; 6 p. camph. ; 15 p. Ol. Ricini; alcoh. to 100 p. 15 p. Canthar.; Ol. Tereb. to 100 p. 65 p. resin cerate; 35 p. Ol. Tereb. Oleata, Oleates, U.S.P. Name. Oleatum Hydrargyri .. Oleatum Veratrinae Proportions by wt. 10 p. well. Hgo to 90 p. oleic acid. 2 p. Veratrine to 98 p. oleic acid. 3. Name. Infusa, Infusions, U.S.P. Proportions by wit. Use and Dose. Infusum– Sennae Co. 6 p. Senna; 12 p. Manna; 12 p. Mg sulpht.; 2 p. fennel; boil. aq. to 100 p. Made by Maceration. Brayerae ... 6 p. Kooso; 100 p. boil. aq.; not strained. . . . . . Taenicide; 8 fl. 3. Digitalis ... 1: p. Digit.; 14 p. Cinnam.; 73 p.alcoh.; boil. aq.to 100p. Diuretic, &c.; Made by Percolation. Cinchonae. 6 p. Cinch. : 1 p. Acid Sulp. Arom.; aq. to 100 p... Tonic. Pruni Virg. 4 p. wild cherry bark; aq. to 100 p. . . . . . . . . -- 4 fl. 5. Purgatv.; 2 to 4 fi.º. Decocta, Decoctions, U.S.P. Name. Decoctum— Cetrariae .. Sarsap. Co. - Proportions by wt. 5 p. Cetraria; aq. to 100. 10 p. Sarsa. ; 2 p. Sassafr, ; 2 p. Guaiac. Liq.; 2 p. Glycyrr.; 1 p. Mezereum; aq. to 100 p. - 5 Tincturae, Tinctures, U.S.P. (Arranged in order of strength.) Per Fineness cent of Gr. of drugs | Act": Name. of Menstruum. Ingredients in 100 parts by weight. or Acty. Agents Powder. Agents. | Pºr fl. 5. Tinctura – 1-6 * Opii Camph. .. 50 Alc. Dil. 4 p.pwd. opium; 4 p. benz. ac.; 4 p. Ol. Anisi; 4 p. camph.; 4 p. glycerol. Cantharidis . 60 Alcoh. 5 p. Cantharides. Capsici .. 30 95 p. Alc.; 5 p. capsicum. 5 2] 5 p. aq. 3 || Lavand. Co. ... 20 | 68 p. Alc.; 8 p. Ol. Lav.; 2 p. Ol. Rosmar.; 27 p. aq. 138 p. cinnam.; 4 p. cloves; 1 p. nutmeg; 8 p. red saunders. 5-5 - Cardam. Co. .. 40 Alc. Dil. ; 2 p. Cardam.; 2 p. cinnam.; 1 p. 6%. Glyc. caroway; 5 p. cochineal. 8 4 Iodi . . . . - Alcoh. 8% Iodine. | Bryoniae.. 40 -- 10 p. Bryonia. 10 4: } Physostig. -- -- 10 p. Physostig. | Sumbul .. 30 -- 10 p. Sumbul. Tolutana -- - -- 10 p. Bals. Tolu. Arnicae Rad... 40 Alc. Dil. 10 p. Arnica Rad. Chiratae .. -- 10 p. Chirata. F Tincturae—continued. * º Gr. of Fineness Drugs | Acty; Name. of Menstruum. Ingredients in 100 parts by weight. or Acty. Agents Powder. Agents. per fl. 5. Tinctura— Croci - - - - Alc. Dil. 10 p. saffron. Cubebae - 30 -- 10 p. cubeb. Matico 40 -- 10 p. Matico. 10 5. Moschi .. - -- 10 p.musk. | Quassiae . . . . 40 -- 10 p. Quassia. | Serpentariae .. -- -- 10 p. Serpentaria. | Stramonii -- -- 10 p. Stamon. Sem. | Vanillae .. Brsd. Alc. 2; aq. 1 10 p. Vanilla. | Calumbae 20 , 3; , 2 10 p. Columba. | Cinnamomi .. 40 , 3; , 2 10 p. cinnamon. — | }. Ext. Ignatiae . 60 , 8; , 1, 10 p. Ignatia. | Opii. . . . . . 50 Alc. Dil. 10 p.pwd. opium. Op. Deodor. . , Alc. 2; aq. 8 , -- -- - 5} Kino - - - - Alc. 60; Glc. 15; 10 p. Kino. aq. 15 Gentianæ Co. 40 Alc. Dil. 8 p. Gentian; 4 p. bitt. orang, pl.; 14 7+ 2 p. Cardam. | Rhei -- -- 12 p. Rheum; 2 p. Cardamom. 3. Tincturae—continued. Per cent of Gr. of Fineness drugs || Act": Name. of Menstruum. Ingredients in 100 parts by weight. or Acty. Agents Powder. Agents. per fl. 5. Tinctura— Gelsemii - 60 Alcoh. 15 p. Gelsemium. ſ Belladonnae . -- Alc. Dil. 15 p Belladon. Fol. | Cardamomi 30 -- 15 p. cardamom. . Colchici .. -- -- 15 p. Colch. Sem. 15 8+ Conii -- -- 15 p. Conium; .4% dil. HC1. Digitalis.. 60 -- 15 p. Digitalis. Hyoscyami -- -- 15 p. Hyoscyamus. Scillae .. 30 -- 15 p. squill. | Sanguinariæ .. 60 Alc. 2; aq. 1 15 p. Sanguinaria. 17 9 Rhei Dulcis .. 40 lc. Dil. 8 p. Rheum: 4 p. glycyrr.: 4 p. anise.: 1 p. Cardam. f| Aloes et Myrrhael 50 Alcoh. 10 p. Aloes: 10 p.myrrh. Asafoetidae Brsd. -- 20 p. Asafoetida. Aurant, Dulc. Cut -- 20 p.sw orange peel. Benzoini - 40 -- 20 p. Benzoinum. 20 10+ Cannab. Ind... -- -- 20 p. Cannabis Ind. Cimicifugae 60 -- 20 p. Cimicifuga. Guaiaci . . . . 20 -- 20 p. Guaiacum. º Tincturae—continued. º Gr. of | Fineness Drugs | Acty. Name. of Menstruum. Ingredients in 100 parts by weight. or Acty. Agents Powder. Agents. per fl. 5. Tinctura— Myrrhae .. 20 Alcoh. 20 p.myrrh. Pyrethri.. 40 -- 20 p. Pyrethrum. 20 10+ \| Zingiberis -- -- 20 p. ginger. Aloes - 50 Alc. Dil. 10 p. Aloes: 10 p. Ext. Glycyrr. Arnicae Flor. .. 20 -- 20 p. Arnicae Flor. Aurant. Amar. 30 -- 20 p.bt. orange peel. Calendulae . . 20 -- 20 p. Calendula. Catechu Co. . 40 -- 12 p. Catechu ; 8 p. cinnamon. Gallae -- Alc. Dil.; 20 p. nutgall. 10% glyc. Humuli .. 20 Alc. Dil. 20 p. hops. Hydrastis 60 -- 20 p. Hydrastis. Ipec. et Opii .. - -- 10 p. Ext. Ipec. Fl.; Tr. Op. Deod. to 100 p. 20 10+K Krameriae 40 -- 20 p. Krameria. Lobeliae . . -- -- 20 p. Lobelia. Nucis Wom. . 60 Al. 8; aq. 1 20 p. Nux Vomica. Valerianae -- ,, 2 , 11 20 p. valerian. Cinchonae . . -- , 65 , 25, 20 p. Cinchona Flav. Glc. 10 - º Tincturae—continued. P cºlor Gr. of Fineness drugs || Act": Name. o Menstruum. Ingredients in 100 parts by weight. or Aºy. Agents Powder. Agents. per fl. 5. Tinctura— 20 104 || Cinchonae Co... 60 Alc. 80; 10 p. Cinch. Rub., 8 p. bt, orange aq. 10; pl., 2 p. Serpentaria. Glc. 10 Guaici Am- 20 || Sp. Am. Ar. 20 p. Guaiacum. mont. Valer. Ammont. 60 -- 20 p. valerian. 26 13} | Benzoini Co. . . - Alcoh. 12 p. Benz., 2 p. Aloes; 8 p. storax; 4 p. Bals. Toſu. 30 16} | Rhei Arom. .. 40 Alc. Dil. 20 p. Rheum; 4 p. cinnam.; 4 p. cloves; 2 p. nutmeg. 35 - Ferri Choridi .. - Alcoh. 35 p. Liq. Ferri Chloridi. 40 19 Aconiti . . . . 60 -- 40 p. Acon. Rx.; 4 p. Acd. Tart. 50 - Ferri Acetatis - -- 50 p. Liq. Ferri Acet. ; 20 p. Alth. Acet. - 24 Verat. Vir. .. 60 -- 50 p. Verat. Vir. - - Herb. Recent. Brsd. -- 50 p. fresh herb. 65 36+ Sapon. Virid. - -- 65 p. green soap; 2 p. Ol. Lavand. º Vina, Wines, U.S.P. Name. Definitions and Proportions by wt. Vinum Album .. -- -- -- -- -- -- Alb. Fort. Antimonii .. Ferri Amar. , Citrat... Ipecac. . . . . Aloes Colchici Sem Opii .. . Aromat. Colch. Rad. Ergotae.. Rhei Not Medicated. White wine; not less 10%, nor more than 12%, Alcoh. Absol. by wt. 7 p. Vin. Alb.: 1 p. Alcoh.; not, less 20%, more 25%, Al. Ab. by wt. Made by Solution. 4 p. Sb. et Pot. Tart.; 60 p. boil. Aq. Dest.; Win, Alb. Fort, to 1000 p. 8 p. Liq. Feet Quin. Citr.; 12 p. Tr. Aur. Dul.; 36 p. Syr.; 44 p. Vin. Alb. Fort. 4 p. Feet Am. Citr. ; 12 p. Tr. Aur. Dul.; 12 p. Syr.; 72 p. Vin. Alb. Fort. 7 p. Ext. Ipec. Fl.; 93 Win. Alb. Fort. Made by Maceration. 6 p. purif. Aloes, 1 p. Cardam., 1 p. ginger; all 20 powd. : mac. with 90 p. Vin. Alb. F. 7 days, filt, add Win. Alb. F. to 100 p. 15 p. Colch. Sem, 20 powd.; Vin. Alb. F. to 100 p. 10 p. op., 1 p. cinnam., 1 p. cloves; all powd. 90 p. Win. Alb. F.; mac. 7 days; filt. ; add Vin. Alb. F. to 100 p. Made by Percolation. 1 p. each, lavand., Orig., pepp.-mt., rosemar., sage, wormwood; perc. with Vin. Alb. Fort. to 100 p. 40 p. Colch. Rx., 30 powd. ; perc. with Win. Alb. F. to 100 p. 15 p. ergot, 30 powd.; perc. with Win. Alb. F. to 100 p. 10 p. Rheum, 30 powd.; 1 p. Calamus, 30 powd. ; perc. with Win. Alb. F. to 100 p. º Extracta Fluida, Fluid Extracts, U.S.P. Menstruum. Name. Pº rººt Process and Remarks. moistn. reserved.* Extractum— c.C. Aconiti Fl. 40 90 \ | From Ac: Rad; Acd. Tart.1%. Aromat. , 35 85 || From Pulv. Aromat. Bellad. , 35 90 Perc. with menstr. until drug Brayerae ,, 40 90 exhaustd., reserving c.C. Calami . . . 35 90 shown in col. *; evap, or Cannab. Ind. Fl. 30 90 dist. rest of Pºlt, not above Capsici Fl. .. 50 90 122° F. 50° C.) to soft ex- Cimicif. , 25 90 tract. Dist. this in reserved Cubebae , 25 90 portn., º º Al, to 100 c.C. Cyprip. , 35 85 ||f|Ext. Ipec. FI. Perc. Ipec. with Eucalyp. , 35 dºi 85 º till exhaustã.; dist. Gelsemii , 30 laws. S -- 90 off Alcoh, till resid. 50 c.C., Lupul: ,, . 20 70 add to this 100 c.C. aq.; evap. Mezerei ,, .. 40 90 mixt. to 75 c.C., filt. when Sabinae ,, . 25 90 cool. Wash cont. of filter till Sanguin. , -- 30 85 filtrate tastls. ; evap, all to 50 Scillae -- - - 20 75 c.C. Cool, add Alc. to 100 c.C. Verat. Vir. Fl. .. 30 90 Note.—General Pro- * . .. i. . cess for Fl. Extracts. Ipecac.f , . 35 - 100 G. of drug is taken, and the product is made up to 100 c.C. º Extracta Fluida—continued. Menstruum. Name. Per cent. Percent. Process and Remarks. wt. to vol. moistn, reserved.* Extractum— c.C. Nucis Wom. Fl. 100 Alcoh. 8, aq. 1. 90 Mac. Nux Wom. with 100 c.C. Class 2. of the menstruum 48 hrs., perc. till exhausted; dist. off alc.; evap. resid. to soft ext. ; dissol. this in reserv. port.*; makeup with menstr. to 100 c.C. Digitalis -- 35 85 N. Grindeliae -- 30 85 Guaranae -- 20 80 Mix alc. and aq., and exhaust Hydrastis , 30 Alcoh. 3, aq. 1. 85 drug with menstr.: reserve Hyoscyami , 40 Class 3. 90 *c.C., dist. or evap. remain- Iridis -- 40 90 der to soft ext. ; add this to Podophylli , 30 85 ) reserved portn. and enough ei -- 40 75 menstr. to make 100 c.C. Serpentariae ,, 30 90 Stramonii 20 90 # Extracta Fluida—continued. Process and Remarks. 2% Aq. Amm. added to diss. Exhaust drug with menstr., reserving * c.C.; evap. re- mainder to soft ext., diss. this in reserved portn., and add enough Alcoh. Dil. to make 100 c.C. Menstruum. Name. Percent. Percent. to vol. moistn. reserved.* Extractum— c.C. Aurant. Amar. Fl. 35 80 Buchu Fl. . Fl -- 30 85 Colch. Rad. Fl... 35 85 Colch. Sem. ,, ... 30 *či. 2, ". 1. 85 ectin Senegae -- - - 45 Class 4. 85 pectin. Valerianae ,, . 30 85 Viburni ,, ... 30 sº J Arnicae Rad. Fl. 40 90 \ Calumba, Fl. 30 70 Conii Fl. -- -- 90 Dulcamarae Fl... 30 80 Erythroxyli,, . 40 80 Eupatorii ,, .. 45 80 Gentianae , .. 40 | \ Alcoh. Dilutum. 80 Glycyrr. -- - - 35 Class 5. 75 Lobeliae -- - - 35 85 Pilocarpi , .. 35 85 Quassiae -- 40 90 Rumicis -- - 35 80 Spigeliae ,, .. 30 85 Stillingiae 30 sº J : Extracta Fluida—continued. Menstruum. Name. Per cent. Per cent. Process and Remarks. wt. to vol. moistn. reserved.* Extractum— c.C. Gossyp. Rad. Fl. 50 Glc. 35, Alc. 60 \ 70 From rt.-brk. ; finish perclin. - with Alcohol. Chimaphilae , 40 Co 70 º Fl. - 35 ; ; eranii ,, - - -- 0 Rhois glabrae Fl. -- Glc. 10, Alc. D. 90 § 80 Rosae #. - - - - 40 75 Finish percltn. with Alcoh. Uvae Ursi Fl. 35 _: 70 Dil. Leptandrae, 40 |Glc. 15, Alc. D. 85 | El 80 Cornus -- - - 30 3 85 Krameriae , .. 40 Glc. 20, Alc.D.80% º 70 Pareirae , .. -- - : 85 Cinchonae ,, 35 Glc. 25, Alc. 75 W = 75 Finish percltn. with Alc. 3, .E aq. 1. Matico -- 30 Glc. 10, Alc. 75, 3 85 Finish perclºn. with Alc. 3, aq. 25. 5 aq. 1. Rubi -- - - 35 Glc. 20, Alc. 45, C 70 Finish percltn. with Alc. 9, aq. 35. aq. 7. § Extracta Fluida—continued. Menstruum. Name. Per cent. Per cent. Process and Remarks. wt. to vol. moistn. reserved.* Extractum— c.C. Sarsap. Co. Fl. . 40 Glc. 10, Alc. 30, 80 Sarsap. 75, Glycyrr. 12, sas- aq. 60. saf, brk. 10, Mezer. 3. Finish percltn. with Alc. 1, aq. 2. Sarsap. Fl... -- Glc. 10, Alc. 30, 80 Finish perclºn. with Alc. 1, aq. 60. aq. 2. Pruni Virg. Fl. 50 Glc. 1, aq. 2 80 Finish percltn. with Alc. Dil.; evap. first 120 c.C. of weak perc. to thin syrup; dist. off alcoh. from remainder, and evap. residue to a thin syrup; unite the syrupy liqds, and evap. to a soft ext: ; diss, this in reserved portn., and add Alc. Dil. to 100 c.C. Sennae Fl. .. 40 80 Finish percltn. with Alc. 3, aq. 4. Ergota: ,, 30 Alc. 3, aq. 4 85 Finish percltn. with Alc. 3, Class 7. aq.4. Add 6%. Ac. Hydrochl. Dil. before evap. to fix alklds. § Extracta Fluida—continued. Menstruum. Name. Per cent. Percent, Process and Remarks. wit. to vol. moistn. reserved.* Extractum— c.C. Taraxaci Fl. 30 Alc. 2, aq. 3. 85 Finish percltn. with Alc. 2, Class 8. aq. 3. #º Fi. : Alc. 1, aq. 2. º Finish perclºn. with Alc. 1, Scutellar. -- 35 Class 9. 80 aq. 2. Lactucarii , -- Alc., aq. Class 10. -- Mac. 100 G. Lactuc. with 100 G. AEther, add 3 times its wt. of aq., agitate, dist. off ether; add Alcoh., mac., express, filter, and reserve filtrate; mac. dregs repeatedly with Alcoh. 1, aq. 3; filt. from dregs, evap. to 60 G., unite this filtrate with reserved filtrate, add Alcoh. and aq. to 100 c.C.; decant clear liqd., wash ppt. with Alcoh. 3, aq. 4; conc. washings, mix with decanted liqd., add enough Alcohol and aq. to make 100 c.C. § Extracta Fluida—continued. Menstruum. Name. Per cent. Per rent. Process and Remarks. wit. to vol. moistn. reserved.* Extractum— c.C. Tritici Fl. .. Boilg. aq. Class 11. Perclte. 100 G. Triticum with boilg. aq. until exhausted, evap. to 80 c.C., add 20 c.C. Alcoh., filter, make up 100 c.C. with Alc. 1, aq. 4. Castanae Fl. 500 |Boilg. aq. Class 11. 20 Mac. 100 G. Cast. with boilg. aq., express, perc. residue to exhaustn. ; mix liqds., evap., add Alcoh., decant, filter re- mainder, evap. unitd. liqds., make up to 100 c.C. with Alcohol. - § Oleoresinae, Oleoresins, U.S.P. Name. Yield. Dose. Oleoresina Aspidii; . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 to 15% # to 1 fl. 5 -- Capsici" . . . . . . . . . . . . 5% # to 1 m. -- Cubebae" . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 25% 5 to 30 m. -- Lupulini . . . . . . . . . . . . 50% 2 to 5 m. -- Piperis" . . . . . . . . . . . . 5% + to 1 m. -- Zingiberis . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to 8% 1 m. Oleoresins are prepared by percling. the drug (100 p.) with Æther Fortior until 150 p. have passed. The greater part of the ether is distilled off, and the remainder evapd. off. In the cases marked * fatty matter, “waxy and crystn. matter,” and piperine respectively separate from the residue after evapn., and these must be removed from the liqd. (oleo-res.) by straining, decanting, &c. . . In the case marked f the granular crystn. substance which separates on standing should be mixed with the liqd. before use. Aceta, Vinegars, U.S.P. Name. Proportions by Weight. Acetum Lobelie - . ... ... 10% drug in 30 powd. ; Ac. Acet. Dil. to 100 p. , Opii. . . . . . . . 10% opium in powd. ; 3% powd. nutmeg : 20% sugar; Ac. Acet. Dil. to 100 p. -- §ºinº . . . . 10% drug in 30 powd. ; Ac. Acet. Dil. to 100 p. -- -- -- -- -- 3. : Extracta, Eztracts, U.S.P. Arranged according to alcoholic strength of their menstrua. * tº –3 # |s #| || 3: Name and Menstruum. & £3 2. 2.É : # Process and Notes. * |###|##|#33 º 3 =3 ||38||5 sº 2. I cº -> - Alcohol. Ext. ºu Root | 60 40 90 5 Percitg. after 48 hrs. macertn., reserving with 1%. Ac. Tart.) 90% of perclfe., evapg. remainder to ,, Mezerei . . . . 30 40 90 10%, adding reserv. portin. and evapg. ,, Physostig. 40 40 90 at not above 50°C. topilul. consistence. , Cannab. Ind... 20 30 -- -- ,, Juglandis 30 40 5 Percitg. to exhaustn. after 48 hrs. mactn., distilg. off alcoh., evapg. to pil. con- Alcoh. 8, aq. 1. sistence. Ext. Nucis Wom. .. 60 100 Alcoh. 3, aq. 1. - Percitg. to exhaustn. after 48 hrs. macrtn. Ext. º 60 35 5 using dild. alcoh. to finish, and distiig. -- dis .. 60 40 off alcoh., evapg. to pilul. consistence. § Extracta—continued. Ext. Podophylli Name and Menstruum. ,, Rhei Alcoh. 2, aq. 1. Ext. Bellad. Alcoh. (leaves). , Hyoscy. Alcoh. , Digitalis.. -- Leptandrae 5 ** –3 * | *-ā ālā; 3 || E3 2.5% ##3 Process and Notes. - - .2. º: ; - • #32 5 #| 333 ~ # == i = < | #33 z cº cº - 60 30 .. -- Perclºg. until 5 times wt. of powder in perclte. is obtained, distillg. off alcoh., evap. to pil. consist. 30 - || 40 100 . Percltg. to exhaustn. without macrtn., reservg. 1st 100 p. of perclte. from 100 p. drug, and spontaneously evapg. this reserv. portn. to + its wt., evapg. remaind. to syrup, mixg. with reserv. portn. and evapg. to pil. consist. Percltg. to exhaustn. after 48 hrs. macrtn., 60 40 90 5 using dild. alcoh. to finish, reservg. 90% of perclte., evapg. remaind. to 10%, 60 40 90 mixg. with reserv. portn., and evapg. not above 50° C. to pil. consist. 60 40 5 Percltg. to exhaustn. after 24 hrs. macrtn., 40 40 . 5 } tising Alcoh. Dil, to finish, distllg. off alcoh., evapg. to pil. consist. f Extracta—continued. Name and Menstruum. | Alcoh. Dil. Ext. Arnicae Rad. .. ,, Conii Alcoh. (fruit). , Euonymi .. , Stramonii (seed) # ** =3 t 3. =5 º Ég š ##2, ##|### Process and Notes. 3 || E3 = | E3 || 3:3: : 333i: # * | < |& & 60 40 90 5 Percitg. to exhaustn. after 24 hrs. macrtn., reserving 90% of percle., evapg. re- maind.to 10%, mixg. with reserv.portn., and evapg. not above 50° C. to pil. consist. 40 30 90 5 Same as armicart., but macrtn. is 48 hrs., and 3%. Ac. Hydch. Dil. is added to fix alkld. 30 40 . . 5 Percitg. to exhaustn. after 48 hrs. macrtn., distilg. off alcoh., evapg. to pil. consist. 40 30 90 - Percitg. to exhaustn. after 48 hrs. macrtn., reserving 90% of percle. evapg. re- maind. to 10%, mixing with reserv. portn., and evapg. not above 50° C. to pil. consist. § Extracta—continued. § tº -: º 3 = £ º # 3 Name and Menstruum. # =#3, ##| # º: Process and Notes. * | #2 * : #33 - : E - * sº 3 |#####|ss Ext. Colocynth. (no coarse .. - - - - Macrtg. 4 days, expressg. and straing. seeds). powd. through flannel, perclºg. resid., distllg. mixed tincts., evapg. resid. to dryness; making into powd. extract. Alcoh. 3, aq.4. Ext. Ergota: ... . . . . . - - - - - - - - Evapg. Ext. Ergot. Fl. to pil. consist. Aqua. Ext. Aloes Aquos... - - - - - - -- = |Macrtg. in boilg. aq., with stirrg., º 5 letting stand 12 hrs., decantg. 3. : liqd., evapg. to dryness. * , Haematoxyli . . -- § Macrtg. with cold aq. 48 hrs., ( : ~ boilg., straing. hot, evapg. to 3 > dryness. ź § Extracta—continued. Name and Menstruum. . Opii.. Malti . . . . Taraxaci... .. Gentianæ Glycyrr. Pur.. Krameriae 12 20 20 40 i : - i i -o - | E3 #3 #37 Process and Notes. #23 *** 5 Macrtg. repeatd. in cold aq., ex- pressg., evapg. mixd. liqds. to a pil. consist. - Macrtg. and digestg. with warm and hot. aq., expressg., evapg, not above 55°C. to consist. of thick honey. Inspissated juice from fresh plant. Percitg. to exhaustn. after 24 hrs. macrtn., boilg. perclte. to 4, straing., evapg. to pil. consist. Percitg. to exhaustn. after 24 hrs. macrtn., with aq. contg. 5% Aq. Ammon., evapg. to pil. consist. - Percitg. to exhaustn., heatg. the liqd. to B. Pt., straing., evapg. not above 70° C. to dryness. 5. Extracta—continued. 3 ##| - E: N : .# 5 sº | .. 33 Name and Menstruum. P- £3 & ##| = º: Process and Notes. } |#####|## - -- - 2 |5"T |5" | 3 Ext. Quassiae .. 20 40 5 Percitg. to exhaustn., reducg. liqd. to #by boilg., straing., evapg. to pil. consist. , Colch. Rad. 60 50 - Percitg. to exhaustn. after macrtg. with aq. contg. 23.3% offic. acet. acid, º; the perclte. not above 80° C. to pil. consist. , Glycyrr. .. - - -- Coml. extract in rolls; not less than 60% should be insol. in aq. Compound Extract. Ext. Colocynth. Co. Ext. Colocy. 16%; Aloes, 50%; Cardam. 60 powd., 6%; Resin. Scam., 14%; Soap, dried, in coarse powd., 14%; Alcoh., 10% of total wt. of others. Melting aloes by heat, adding Alcoh., straing. mixt., addg. soap, Ext. Coloc., and Res. Scam., heating mixt. till homo- eneous, withdrawg. heat, and addg. the É. ; when cold make fine powder. à Abstracta, Abstracts, U.S.P. : s : - Name and Menstruum. & É # 3. 2.É - c - * | 3 |#### 2 # 3"|5 Abstractum— Aconiti. . . . . . 60 || Alcoh. 80 170 Belladon. -- -- -- -> Conii . . . . 40 -- -- -- Digitalis - - 60 -- -- -- Hyoscyami -- -- -- -- -- Jalapae . . . . 40 ,, 100 , , Podophylli -- 60 -- 80 -- Senega, - - -- -- -- -- Valerianae .. -- -- -- I -- Ignatiae.. -- Alc. 8, 100 , aq. 1. Nucis Wom. -- -- -- -- Process and Notes. 2% tart. acid added to menstr. to exhaust aconite rt. From bellad. r1. 6% hydrochl. acid added to menstr. to exhaust Conium. * Resinae, Resins, U.S.P. Name. Preparation. Resina— | Copaibae. . . . . . . Bye-product, the residue left after distilg. off vol. oil from Copaiba. Jalapae . . . . . . . Percite. jalap, in 60 powd., with Alcoh. until the tr. gives only slight turbidity with aq. Dist. off Alcoh., add conc. tr. to aq., collect, wash, drain, and dry the ppte. Podophylli . . . . . Perclte. Podoph., in 60 powd., with Alcoh. until the tr. gives only slight turbidity with aq. Dist. off Alcoh., add conc. tr. to cold aq. acidltd. with 1%. Acid. Hydrochl., collect, &c., the ppt. Scammonii Digest Scamm. with boilg. Alcoh. until exhausted, mix the tre., dist. off Alcoh., add the conc. tre. to aq., collect, &c., the ppt. Pulveres, Powders, U.S.P. Ingredients. No. of Powder. Parts per 100. nº rom Pulvis Antimonialis (James's). 33 1 oz. 67 2 oz. Antim. Oxid. . . . . Calc. Phosph. Prec. .. Pulveres—continued. Ingredients. No. of Powder. Parts per 100. Definite Form. Pulvis Aromaticus. Cinnamon -- 60 35 7 oz. Ginger . . -- 35 7 oz. Cardamon crushed, no 15 3 oz. capsules. Nutmeg 20 15 3 oz. Pulvis Cretae Co. Prep. Chalk -- - - 30 14 oz. Acacia - - - - -- Fine 20 1 oz. Sugar . . . . . . - -- 50 24 oz. Pot. sod. tart. (1) } Sod. bicarb. -- (2) Tart. acid . . . . Senna . . . . Glycyrrhiza Fennel . . . . . . Washed sulphur Sugar - - - - Pulvis Effervescens Co. (Seidlitz). Pulvis G1 Fine -- -- 60 -- -- Fine Div. (1) into 12 p. 480 gr., or 31 G. Div. (2) into 12 p. Wrap separately ycyrrhizae Co. 18 16 8 8 50 1440 gr., or 93 G. 420 gr., or 27 G. 88 gr. 76 gr. 38 gr. 38 gr. 240 gr. ; Pulveres—continued. Ingredients. No. of Powder. Parts per 100. - Definite Form. Pulvis Ipecac. et Opii (Dover's). Ipecac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10 60 gr. ºwd. Opium . . . . . . . . . . -- 10 60 gr. Sug. of milk - 30 80 480 gr. Pulvis Jalapae Co. Jalap . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 60 35 168 gr. Pot."bitart. . . . . Fine 65 312 gr. Pulvis Morphinae Co. (Tully's). (1) Camphor . . . . - - - - - - 20 160 gr. 2) Alcohol.. - - - - - - - - -- Q.S. 3) Glycyrrhiza . . . . . . . . . . 60 20 160 gr. 4) Calc. Carb. Prec.. . . . . . . . -- 20 160 gr. (5) Morph. Sulpht. . . . . . . . . -- 1 8 gr. Rub (1) with (2), then with (3) and (4) till uniform, then add (5), and mix well. Pulvis Rhei Co. Rhubarb . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 25 120 gr. Magnesia . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 65 312 gr. Ginger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10 48 gr. 234 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. Triturationes, Triturations, U.S.P. (Only 1 offic.) Trituratio Elaterini. Elaterin 10 p. or 6 gr. Sug. of milk in moderately fine powd. 90 p. or 54 gr. Mix thoroughly by trituration, adding sugar in portions with repeated mixings. To make 100 parts. Trochisci, Troches, Lozenges, U.S.P. Quantities are to make 100 troches. Solids in fine powder unless otherwise stated. Gr. G. Trochisci. Acidi Tannici. Tannic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6.5 Sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000 65 Tragac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1-6 Orange flw. water, q.s. Trochisci Ammon. Chlord. Ammon. Chlord. .. - - 200 13 Sugar - - - - - - - - - - - - 1000 65 Tragac. . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1-6 Syr. of Tolu, q s. - Trochisci Catechu. Catechu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6-5 Sugar - - - - - - - - - - 1000 65 Tragac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1-6 Orange flw. water, q.s. Trochisci Cretae. Prep. chalk . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 26 Acacia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6-5 Nutmeg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1 Sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 39 235 PHARMACISTs' POCKET-BOOK. Trochisci-continued. Gr. G. Trochisci Cubebae. Oleoresin of cubeb. . . . . . . . . . 50 3-25 Oil of Sassaf. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1 Ext. of Glycyrr. . . . . . . . . . . 400 26 Acacia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 13 Syr. of Tolu, q.s. Trochisci Ferri. Hyd. oxid. of Fe, dried not above 80°C. 500 32.5 Vanilla, sliced - - - - - - - - - - 10 • 65 Sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1500 97' 5 Mucil. of trag., q.s. Trochisci Glycyrr. et Opii. Ext. of Glycyrr. . . . . . . . . . . 200 13 Ext. of opium - - - - - - - 5 32 Acacia . . . . . . . . . . 200 13 Sugar - - - - - - - - - - - - 300 19 - 5 Oil of anise . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. • 2 Trochisci Ipecacuanhae. Ipecac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1-6 Tragac. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 25 1-6 Sugar - - - - - - - - 1000 65 Syr. of orange, q.s. Trochisci Krameriae. Ext. of Krameria . . . . . . . . . . 100 6 - 5 Sugar - - - - - - - - - - 1000 65 Tragac. . . . . . . . . -- 25 1-6 Orange flw. water, q.s. Trochisci Magnesiae. Magnesia - - - - - - - - - - - - 300 19- Nutmeg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1- Sugar - - - - - - - - - - 900 58-5 Mucil. of trag. a.s. - 236 PHARMAcists' PoCKET-BOOK. Trochisci-continued. Gr. G. Trochisci Menthae Pip. Oil of pepp.-mt. . . . . . . . . Sugar - - - - 15 1 - - - - - - 1200 Mucil. of trag., qis. Trochisci Morph... et Ipecac. Morph, sulpht. . . . . . . . . . . 5 • 32 Ipecac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1 Sugar - - - - - - - 2000 || 130 Oil of Gaulth. - - 2 • 13 Mucil. of trag., q.s. Trochisci Pot. Chlort. Pot. chlort. . . . . 500 32°5 Sugar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1900 124 Tragac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6-5 Spir. of lemon - - - - - - - - - - 10 • 65 Trochisci Sod. Bicarb. Sod. bicarb. . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 19-5 Sugar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 900 58-5 Nutmeg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 l Mucil. of trag., q.s. Trochisci Sod. Santonimat. Santoninate of sod. - - - - - - - - 100 6-5 Sugar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2000 130 Tragac. . . . . . . . . 50 3-25 Orange flw. water, q.s. Trochisci Zingiberis. Tr. of ginger . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 13 Tragac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3-25 Sugar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2000 || 130 Syr. of ginger, q.s. 237 POCKET-BOOK. PHARMACISTS' Confectiones, Confections, U.S.P. (Only 2 offic.) Confectio Rosae (for 100 parts). Red rose, 60 powd. Sugar, f. powd. .. Clarif. honey.. Rose water 8 parts ... 64 , . . . . 12 , . . . . 16 , Confectio Sennae (for 100 parts). Senna, 60 powd. .. Coriander, 40 powd. Cass. Fist., brsd... Tamarind .. Prune, sliced.. Fig, brsd. .. Sugar, f. powd. : Water . . . . . . ... 10 parts. ... 6 . . . . 16 , . . . . . 10 , - 12 , ... 50 ºr ... 60 m, Massae, Masses, U.S.P. Name. Proportions by Wt. Preparation. Massa— Copaibae ... 94 p. Copaiba, 6 p. magnesia (re- cently prepared.) 100 p. Fe sulpht., 110 p. sod. carb., 38 p. clar. honey, 25 p. sug. powd. ; syrup, Aq. Dest. of each q.s. Ferri Car- bonatis. Hydrargyri 33 p. Hg., 5 p. Glycyrr., 25 p. Althaea, 3 p. glycerol, 3 p. honey of rose. Mix intimately, set aside until mixtr. concretes. Diss. Fe sulph. and sod. carb. separately in boilg. Aq. Dest., add 25 p. syr. to the iron soln. and mix the solns. When cold pour off liqd. and wash ppt. with mixtr. of 1 syr. to 16 aq. Drain ppt., mix in honey and sug., and evap. to 100 p. Trit. Hg with honey of r. and glyc. until it is extin- guished, add grad. the glycy. and Alth., and con- tinue the tritn. until glo- bules of Hg cease to be visible. 238 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Pilulae, Pills, U.S.P. Solids in fine powder except otherwise stated. Quantities to make 100 pills. Gr. Pilulae Aloes. Purfd. aloes . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Soap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Pilulae Aloes et Asafoetidae. Purfd. Aloes . . . . . . . . . for 400 Asafetida . . . . . . . . 2 300 400 Soap . . . . . . . . . . . . ] pills 400 Pilulae Aloes et Ferri. Purfd. Aloes . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Fe sulpht., drd. . . . . . . . . . . 100 Aromt. powder . . . . . . . . . . 100 Confect. of roses, q.s. Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches. Purfd. Aloes . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Mastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Red rose . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae. Purfd. Aloes . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Myrrh - - - - - - - - 100 Aromt. powder . . . . . . . . . . 50 Syrup, q.s. Pilulae Antimonii Co. Sulphtd., Ant. . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Calomel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Guaiac. . . . . . . 100 Mucil. of trag., q.s. 239 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Pilulae—continued. Gr. G. Pilulae Asafoetidae. Asafet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 19 - 5 Soap . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6'50 Pilulae Catharticae Co. Ext. Coloc. Co. - - - - - - - - - - 130 8-4 Abs. of Jalap . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6' 5 Calomel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6-5 Gamboge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1-6 - Pilulae Ferri Co. Myrrh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 9.75 Sod. carb. - - - - - - - - - - - - 75 4-85 Fe sulpht. . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4-85 Syrup, q.s. Pilulae Ferri Iodidi. Reduced Fe . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4 Iodine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 5-2 Glycyrr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3-25 Sugar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50 3:25 Ext. Glycyrr. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 0-75 Acacia - - - - - - - 12 0-75 Aq. . . . . Bals. Tolut. X q.s. - AEther Fort. | Pilulae Galbani Co. Galbanum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 9° 75 Myrrh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 9.75 Asafet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3-25 Syrup, q.s. Pilulae Opii. Opium, powd. - - - - - - - - - - 100 6-5 Soap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1-62 40 PHARMACists' POCKET-book. Pilulae—continued. Gr. G. Pilulae Phosphori. Phosphorus . . . . . . . . . l •06 Althaea . . . . - 80 5-2 Acacia - - - 20 1-3 Glycerol . . . . 40 2-6 Aq. . . . . . . : 20 1-3 Purf. Chlorfm. - - - - - - - - 50 3-2 Balsm. Tolut. AEther Fort. } .8. Pilulae Rhei. Rhubarb .. - - - - - - -- 300 19 - 5 Soap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6-5 Pilulae Rhei Co. Rhubarb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 13 Purfd. Aloes . . - - - - - - - - 150 9-75 Myrrh . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6-5 Oil. of pepp.-mt. - - - - - - - - 10 0-65 Cerata, Cerates, U.S.P. Ceratum... .. ,, Cantharidis , Cetacei .. ,, Extracti Can- thar. , Resinae . . . . ,, Sabinae . . . . Made by Fusion. 30 p. Cera Alb. and 70 p. lard; fuse. 30 p. Cera Fl., 20 p. resin, 25 p. lard; fuse, strain, add 35 p. canthar., dig. ł hr. 10 p. Cetac., 35 p. Cera Alb., 55 p. Ol. Oliv.; fuse. 15 p. resin, 35 p. Cera Fl., 35 p. lard, fuse, dig. with 15 p. Ext. Canthar, strain, stir. 35 p. resin, 15 p. Cera Fl., 50 p. lard, strain, cool. 90 p. Cer. Resinae, fuse, add 25 p. Ext. Sabinae Fl., evap. off alcoh., stir while cooling. , 241 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Made by incorporation. Ceratum— - , Camphorae .. 3 p. camph. linimt., 20 p. Ol. Oliv.; mix., incorp. with 85 p. of cerate. ,, Plumbi Subacet. 20 p. soln. of Pb. subacet. with 80 p. camph. cerate. Unguenta, Ointments, U.S.P. Made by Fusion. Unguentum . . . . 80 p. lard, 20 p. Cera Fl. , Aquae Rosae .. 50 p. Ol. Amgd. Exp., 10 p. Cetac." 10 p. Cera Alb.: fuse at mod. heat, add grad. 30 p. Aq. Ros., stir. , Diachylon .. 60 p. Emp. Plumb., 39 p. Ol. Oliv.; fuse, cool, add 1 p. Ol. Lavand., stir till cold. , Mezerei . . . . 80 p. lard, 12 p. Cera Fl.; fuse, add 25 p. Ext. Mez. Fl., stir constantly till alcoh. has evapd. ,, Picis Liqd. .. 50 p. suet, fuse, add 50 p. tar, strain, stir till cool. Made by Incorporation. ,, Acidi Carbol. ... 10 p. carbol. acid, 90 p. Unguentum. ,, Acidi Gallici ... 10 p. gall. acid, 90 p. benzoint d. lard. ,, Acidi Tannici... 10 p. tannic acid, 90 p. benzointſ]. lard. , Belladonna: ... 10 p. Ext. Bellad. Alcoh., 6 p. Alcoh., rub till soft, then incorp. with 84 p. - benzointol. lard. , Chrysarobini ... 10 p. Chrys., 90 p. benzoint d. lard. , Gallae ... ... 10 p. powd. nutgall, 90 p. benztd. lard. , Hydrargyri .. 45 p. Hg, 4 p. Tr. Benz. Co. ; mix, in- corp. with 10 p. Ung. Hydrarg., then add 22 p. lard and 22 p. suet pre- viously melted together and partially cooled; continue tritn. until globules of Hg cease to be visible under mag- nif. power of 10 diameters. , Hydrargyri 10 p. ammontd. Hg, 90 p. benztd. ard; Ammon. incorpt. , Hydrarg. Oxid. 10 p. yell. Hg.0, 90 p. Unguentum; in- Fl. corporate. R 242 PHARMACISTS' Pocker-Book. Unguentum— , Hydrarg. Oxid. 10 p. red HgC), rub with a little Ung., Rub. then add suff. Ung. to make 100 p. ... Iodi . . . . . . 4 p. I, 1 p. pot. iod., 2 p. aq.; rub ºne, incorp. with 93 p. benztd. ard. , Iodoformi. . . . 10 p. iodofm., 90 p. benztd. lard; in- cord. ,, Plumbi Carbo- 10 º lead carb., 90 p. benztd. lard; natis. incorp. ,, Plumbi Iod. ... 10 p. lead iod., 90 p. benztd. lard; incorp. , Potass. Iod. ... 12 p. pot. iod., 1 p. sod. hyposulphite; diss, in 6 p. boil. aq., then incorp. with 81 p. benztd. lard. , Stramonii ... 10 p. Ext. Stramonii., 5 p. aq.; rub till soft, then incorp. with 85 p. benztd. lard. ,, Sulphuris ... 30 p. subl. sulphur, incorp. with 30 p. benztd. lard. ,, Sulphuris Alk. 20 p. washd. sulph., 10 p. pot. carb., 5 p. aq.; rub, then incorp. with 65 p. benztd. lard. , Veratrinae ... 4 p. veratr., 6 p. alcoh. ; rub, then incorp. with 96 p. benztd. lard. , Zinci Oxid. .. 20 p. Zn. oxid., 20 p. melted benztd. lard ; rub, then add benztd. lard to 100 p. Made by Chemical Reaction. ,, Hydrarg. Nitrat. 7 p. Hg, 17 p. nitric acid, 76 p. lard oil; heat oil to 70° C., add 7 p. acid. Diss. Hg in 10 p. acid and mix the liqds. Emplastra, Plasters, U.S.P. Containing Gum-resins as Basis. Emplastrum— Ammoniaci " ... Dig. 100 p. ammonc. in 140 p. dild. acet. acid until emulsionised; strain, and evap. till a small portn. hardens on cooling. 243 PHARMACISTS' pockeT-BOOK. Emplastrum— Ammoniaci cum Add 1 p. subl. sulph, to 8 p. hot olive Hydrarg. oil ; stir trit. 180 p. Hg with the mixt. ; then incorp. 720 p. of am- monc. prev. digested in 1000 p. dil. acet. acid until emulsd.; lastly, add (melted) lead plast, to 1000 p. Asafoetidae . . . . Dig. 35 p. Asaf, and 15 p. Galbanum with 120 p. alcoh. ; strain, evap. to consist. of honey; lastly, add 35 p. lead plast. and 15 p. Cera Fl. (melted), evap. Galbani . . . . Fuse 16 p. Galb. with 2 p. turptn. ; incorp. with 6 p. melted Pix Burg., then with 76 p. melted lead plast. Containing Lead or Resin Plaster as Basis. Arnicae . . . . . . Incorp. 50p. Ext. Arn. Rad. with 100 p. res plast. Gº Belladonna: . . . . Exhaust 100 p. bell. rt. with alcoh., evap. at 122°F. to soft. ext. ; incorp. with melted resin plaster to 100 p. Ferri . . . . . . Melt 70 p. lead plast, with 10 p. Canada turptn. and 10 p. Pix Burg. ; add 14 p. hyd. oxid, iron, stir till cold. Hydrargyri . . . . Fuse 10 p. olive oil with 10 p. resin, and when cool incorp. with 30 p. Hg ; add 50 p. lead plast. Opii . . . . . . Rub 6 p. Ext. Opii with 8 p. aq. till soft; add 18 p. Pix Burg, and 76 p. lead plast. prev. melted together; heat, and stir till proper consist. Plumbi ... ... Rub grad. 32 p. lead oxide with 60 p. olive oil, add 10 p.aq: ; boil, adding water as it evaporates. Resinae . . . . . . Add 14 p. resin to 80 p. lead plast, and 6 p. Cera Fl. prev. melted; mix. Saponis. . . . . . Rub 10 p. soap with aq. to soft mass; mix with 90 p. lead plast. prev. melted. R 2 244 PHARMACISTS' pocket-Book. Containing Burgundy or Canada Pitch as Pasis. Emplastrum— Picis Burgund. ... Fuse 90 p. Pix Burg. with 10 p. Cera Fl., stir till cool. Picis Canad. ... Fuse 90 p. Pix Canad. with 10 p. Cera Fl., stir till cool. Picis cum Canthar. Heat 8 p. cerate of canth. to 212° F., strain, add 92 p. Pix Burg. ; melt, stir till cool. Official Spread Plasters. Capsici . . . . . . Spread thin layer of res. plast. upon muslin, cool; apply thin coat of Oleores. Capsici. Icthyocolla' . . . . Diss. 10 p. isingl. in hot aq. to 100 p.; spread upon taffeta; add 1 p. glycl. and 40 p.alcoh. to second + and apply to taffeta, coat reverse with Tr. Benz, ; dry. Chartae, Papers, U.S.P. Charta Can- Cera Alb, 8 p., Cetac. 3 p., Ol. Oliv, thar. 4 p., Pix Canad. 1 p., Canthar. (40 powd.) 1 p., aq. 10 p. ; mix all, boil 2 hrs., stirring. Strain without ex- ressg., coat sized paper on one side with the liqd. Charta Potass. Pot. nit. 20 p., Aq. Dest. 80 p. Diss, it. salt, immerse unsized paper, and dry. Charta Sinapis. Sinap. Nig. in 60 powd., benzin, gutta- percha soln. ; of each q.s. Perc. must, with benzin until free from oil, mix air-dried must. with gutta to semi-liqd. consist., apply to stiff sized paper. Strength should be abt. 6 grins. mºist. per sq. inch. ; A List of the Averican Eclectic Resinoids Most commonly used. Adapted from Remington's Pharmacy, &c.) Name. From. Plant. Dose. Alnuin . . . Bark Alnus rubra. . . . . . . . 1 to 3 gr Ampelopsin .. Bk., brnchs. Ampelopsis quinquefolia .. 2 to 8 gr Apocynin Root Apocynum androsaemifolium .. + to 2 gr. Asclepidin -- Asclepias tuberosa . . . . . . 1 to 5 gr. Baptisin. . . . . . -- Baptisia tinctoria. . . . . . . . # to 1. gr. Barosmin .. Lvs. Barosma (betulina, &c.) . . . . 1 to 4 gr. Caulophyllin.. Root Caulophyllum thalictroides + to 1 gr Ceanothin .. -- Ceanothus americanus - - Cerasein .. Bark Cerasus virginiana - - 5 to 10 gr Chelonin.. Herb Chelone glabra . . . . . . 1 to 2 gr Chimaphilin .. Lvs. Chimaphila umbellata .. 1 to 4 gr Cimicifugin . . . . Rhiz. Cimicifuga racemosa . - 1 to 6 gr Collinsonin .. Herb Collinsonia canadensis .. 3 gr. Cornin . Root BK. Cornus florida - - - - 5 gr. Corydalin .. Tubers Dicentra canadensis . . # to 2 gr Cypripedin .. Rhiz. Cypripedium pubescens 2 gr. Dioscorein . . . . Root Dioscorea villosa .. -- 2 to 5 gr Euonymin - Bark Euonymus atropurpureus.. + to 4 gr Eupatorin ... ... Lvs, fivg.tps. Eupatorium perfoliatum .. 2 to 4 gr Euphorbin . . . . Root Euphorbia corollata + to 2 gr. Fraserin. . . . . . -- Frasera Walteri .. - 1 to 5 gr. Gelsemin Rhiz. Gelsemium sempervirens .. + to 2 gr. Hamamelin .. Root Hamamelis virginica .. 5 gr. Helonin . . . . . . -- Helonias dioica . . . . . . # to 2 gr. Hydrastin . . . . Rhiz. Hydrastis canadensis -- 3 to 5 gr. ; A List of The AMERICAN Eclectic Resinoids Most commonly used—continued. Name. Front. Plant. Dose. Juglandin - - Root Bk. Juglans cinerea . 2 to 5 gr. Leptandrin . . . . . Root Leptandra virginica 2 to 4 gr. Lupulin . . . . . . Strob. Humulus Lupulus 5 to 10 gr. Lycopin .. -- - Lycopus virginicus .. 3 to 5 gr. Macrotin - - - See Cimicifugin. Menispermin. . . . - Menispermum canadense .. 2 gr. Myricin . . . . . . - Myrica cerifera - - - - 2 to 8 gr. Phytolaccin .. - Phytolacca decandra .. + to 1 gr. Populin . . . . Bark Populus tremuloides .. 2 to 5 gr. Prunin . . . . - Cerasus serotina .. 2 gr. Ptelein .. - - Root Ptelea trifoliata .. - - Rhein . . . . . . - Rheum var. spec. - - 2 to 4 gr. Rhusin .. . . . Lvs. Rhus glabrum - - Rumin -- - Rumex crispus . . . . 2 gr. Sanguinarin . . . . - Sanguinaria canadensis # to 2 gr. Scutellarin -- Herb Scutellaria lateriflora .. 3 to 6 gr. Senecin . . . . . . - Senecio gracilis 3 to 5 gr. Senecionin . . . . - -- -- - - - - 1 to 5 gr. Smilasin. . . . - Smilax var. spec. - - - - 2 to 5 gr. Stillingin . . . . - Stillingia sylvatica # to 1 gr. Trillin . . . . . . - Trillium pendulum 3 to 6 gr. Viburnin - - Viburnum opulus .. 2 gr. These so-called active principles are precipitated by pouring a conc. alcoholic fid. extract into water. They must not be confounded with the active principles, although the names are often exactly the same. 247 PHARMACists' POCKET-BOOK. TABLE showING THE BotANICAL DERIVAtion of THE OFFICIAL DRUGs (arranged according to Bentley's System), their Source and Active Principles. The Table which follows shows the official articles of vegetable materia medica arranged according to a botanical system. The system chosen is that given in the well known manual by Professor Bentley, one of the three joint editors of the British Pharmacopoeia. This system will be found not to differ considerably from the arrangement adopted in standard manuals of Materia Medica, among which Dr. Lauder Brunton’s ‘Pharmacology,’ and the admirable “Practical Pharmacy’ of Professor Remington may be men- tioned as among the best and most modern. In order to impart information briefly, and to facilitate reference, a variety of types has been used. The Natural Orders are shown thus (RANUNCULACEZE); and the actual names of the drugs are printed in capitals: in large capitals when contained in the B.P., or in the B.P. and U.S.P. (as ACONITI RADIX), and in small capitals when official in the U.S.P. and not in the B.P. (as HYDRAstis). The same arrangement is adopted when a drug has one name in the B.P. and another in the U.S.P., the name in the latter being given in the smaller type in brackets. It was not thought necessary to observe this practice when the name in the U.S.P. differs from that in the B.P. merely in wanting the term showing the physiological derrivation from the plant, as for example, to distinguish between ACONITI RADIX and Acostum. The nomenclature has been made as far as possible sys- tematic, the termination -in being reserved for glucosides, bitter principles, resins, &c., and the termination -ine for alkaloids. In many cases a further distinction is attempted, thus alkaloids are printed in italics (as quinine), resinous bodies in open type (as podophyllin), and glucosides in antique type (as digitalin). The names of plants are written thus (Aconitum Napellus). The drugs of the German Pharmacopoeia, and those marked with an asterisk in the Codex Medicamentarius, not contained in the B.P. or U.S.P., are referred to briefly in smaller type. In many cases the popular name of the drug is added in brackets, as (monkshood). É TABLE showING THE BOTANICAL DERIVATION of THE OFFICIAL DRUGs, with their Active Principles, arranged according to Bentley's System of Classi- fication. SUB-KINGDOM. I. PHANEROGAMIA.—Plants with evident flowers and pro- pagated by seeds containing an embryo with one or more cotyledons. CLAss 1. DICOTYLEDONES.–Embryo dicotyledonous; germination exorhizal (true root); stem exogenous; leaves with reticulated venation; flowers quinary or quaternary. Division 1. ANGrosper MIA.—Ovules enclosed in ovary and indirectly fertilised. Sub-class 1. Thalamiflorae.—Usually calyx and corolla; petals inserted on thalamus: stamens arising directly from thalamus or placed on outside of hypogynous disc. Sub-class 2. Calyciflora.-Usually calyx and corolla; petals inserted on calyx; stamens perigynous or epigynous. (a) Perigynae.-Calyx free or nearly, ovary superior. (b) Epigynae.—Calyx adherent, ovary inferior. Sub-class 3. Corolliflora.-Calyx, and corolla, with united petals; stamens inserted on corolla or ovary, or free arising from thalamus. (a) Epigynae.-Calyx adherent and ovary inferior. (b) Hypostamineae. —Stamens inserted on thalamus, non-adherent to corolla, and ovary superior. (c) Epipeptalae (Epicorollae).-Corolla arising from thalamus with stamens adhering, ovary superior. Sub-class 4. Monochlamydeae (Apetala, or Incompleta).-Calyx only, or without calyx or corolla. : TABLE (continued). Livision 2. GYMNospermia.-Ovules naked and directly fertilised. CLAss 2. MONOCOTYLEDONES.–Embryo monocotyledonous; germination endorhizal (secondary root); stem endogenous; leaves parallel venation; flowers ternary. Sub-class 1. Petaloideae (Florida)—Leaves parallel (rarely reticulated) permanent (occa- sionally deciduous); perianth verticillate, coloured (rarely scaly), but some- times absent. (a) Epigynae, flowers usually hermaphrodite; perianth adherent, ovary inferior. (b) Hypogynae, flowers usually hermaphrodite; perianth free, ovary superior. (c) Diclines, flowers usually unisexual ; perianth absent or rudimentary. Sub-class 2. Glumaceæ (Glumifera).-Leaves parallel veined, permanent; flowers no perianth but consist of imbricated bracts (glumes). - SUB-KINGDOM II. CRYPTOGAMIA.—Plants flowerless and propagated by spores. ForMiNg CLAss 3. COTYLEDONES.—Acotyledonous, germination heterorhizal (vague); stem, present, and acrogenous if woody, or absent; leaves, present with veins forked, or absent. Sub-class 1. Acrogena (Cormophyta).-Stems and leaves distinguishable; stomata present. Sub-class 2. Thallogena (Thallophyta).-Stems and leaves indistinguishable; stomata absent. 250 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. FLOWERING PLANTS. DICOTYLEDONES, ANGIOSPERMIA. THALAMIFLORAE. RANUNCULACEAE (buttercup, crowfoot ord.). Herbs, rarely shrubs, with colorlss, acrid, watery, juice. Sep., pet, and stam, hypogns. Corolla imbricated aestivtn. Stamens numerous, hypogns. ; anºthers adnate with longitud. dehis. Carpels more or less distinct (some excep.). Seeds with horny homogns., albumen, anatropal. Characters.-Generally acrid, sometimes vesi- cant; some poisonous, others bitter and tonic. ACONITI RADIX (et FOL. B.P.). Aconi- tum Napellus (monkshood). Britain, Germany, &c. Aconitine. CIMICIFUGAE RHIZOMA. Cimicifuga racemosa (Actaea racemosa) (black snakeroot). Canada, U. States. Act. prin. undetermined. HYDRAstis. Hydrastis canadensis (gol- den seal, rhiz. and rootlts.). Canada, N.U. States, Berberine, hydrastine. PODOPHYLLI RESINA. Podophyllum peltatum. U. States. Podophyllin, ber- berine. PULSATILLA. Anemone Pulsatilla, A. pratensis, A. patens var. Nuttalliana (herb). N. America, Europe, Siberia. Vol. oil, decompg. into anemonic acid and anemonin (act. prin.). Aconitum ferox, Codex. STAPHISAGRIAE SEMINA. Delphinium Staphisagria (stavesacre). S. and W. Europe, Asia Minor. Staphisagrine, delphinine. 251 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. IMAGNOLIACEZE. Trees or Shrubs.-Leaves alternate and leathery; stipules (usually present) large and sheathing, decid. Sep. and pet. ternary, hypogns. ; sep. decid., pet. imbricated aestivtn. Carpels distinct or coherent. Albumen homogns. Characters.-Bitter, tonic, aromatic. ANISI STELLATI FRUCTUS (ILLICIUM). Illicium anisatum (star anise). China. Vol. oil (also offic.). Drimys Winteri var. granatensis (Winter's bark), Codex. MENISPERMACEAE (moonseed ord.). Shrubs, climb. or trailg. Leaves alternt., simple, exstiplt., usually entire. Flowers usually dioecious, rarely perfect or polygms. Barren flower:—t alyz and corolla ternary arrang., usually two whorls, imbricate or valvate. Stamens distinct, sometimes monadelph., carpels rudim. or absent. Fertile flower:—sep. and pet. resemb. barren flower; stamens imperf. or wanting. Carpels usually 3 (or 6) upon a gynophore, dis- tinct, 1-celled, 1 curved ovule. Fruits drupac., curved round placenta, 1-celled. Seeds solitary and curved, embryo curved; albumen absent, or present, and then homog. or partially divided by projections of inner membr. of seed. Order, very heteromorphous. Characters.-Narcotic and bitter; a few muci- lagns., some tonic. C. A. L. U M BAE R A DIX. Jateorrhiza, Calumba (Cocculus palmatus). E. Africa (Ibo to Zambesi). Berberine, calumbin (neut. prin.). MENISPERMUM. Menispermum canadense (rhiz. and rootlts.) (Canadian moonseed). U. States, Canada. Berberine, and a colorlss. alkid. PAREIRAE RADIX. Chondodendron tomentosum. Brazil. Buwine (syn. pelosine, ident. with berberine). 252 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. PICROToxinum (C.H.O.), from seeds of Ana- Firta paniculata. E. Indies, Assam, Malayan sl. B E R B E R IID A C E ZE. CAULOPHYLLUM. Caulophyllum thalic- troides (blue cohosh, rhiz. and rootlts). U. States. Saponin. PAPAVERACEAE (poppy ord.). Herbs with milky juice. Leaves alternt. exstiplt. Sepals 2 (or 3), caducous. Petals 4 (or 6, or wanting); usually crumpled aestivtn., hypogns. Stamens usually numerous, hypogns. ; anthers 2-celled, innate. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 (or more) parietal placentas projecting into cavity; styles absent or very short; stigmas 2 (or many), alternt. with placentas and opposite imperfect dissepmnts. ; ovules nu- merous. Fruit 1-celled, pod or capsular. Seeds numerous; embryo in fleshy-oily albumen. Characters. — Mostly narcotic, some acrid others purgtv. CHELIDONIUM. Chelidonium majus (celan- dine, root). U. States, Europe. Chelidomine, chelerythrine syn. sanguinarine? PAPAVERIS CAPSULAF (not U.S. P.). Papaver somniferum. /ritain. OPIUM, from same grown in Asia Minor. Morphine, papaverine, codeine, narcotine, thebaine, &c. RHOEADOS PETALA (not U.S.P.). Pa- paver Rhoeas (red poppy). Britain. Colorg. matters. SANGUINARIA. Sanguinaria canadensis (blood-" root,” rhiz.) (in autumn). U. States, Canada. Sanguinarine. 253 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Fumariaceae. Fumaria officinalis, Fumitory. Codex * Papaveraceae-fumariae). CRUCIFERAE (cabbage, turnip, radish, cress, &c., ord.). Generally ebracteated herbs. Sep. and pet. 4, decid., regul.; pet. cruciate. Stigmas 2, oppos. placentas. Stamens tetra- dynms. (characteristic). Fruit siliqua or silicula. Seeds stalked, without albumen. Characters. — Antiscorbutic, pungent, fre- quently acrid; none poisonous. Seeds often cont. vol. oil. SINAPIS. Brassica (Sinapis) alba and B. (S.) nigra (mustard seeds). Europe, &c.; cultd. B. alba cont. sinalbin and myrosin; B. nig. sinigrin and myrosin. ARMORACIAE RADIX (not U.S.P.). Coch- learia Armoracea (horse-radish). Britain. Vol. oil of mustard after being cut. Cochlearia officinalis (scurvy grass), G.P. and Codex *. VIOLACEAE (violet ord.). Viola TRicoLoR. Viola tricolor (pansy, herb). Europe, N. America; cult. Violine. MALVACEAE (mallow ord.). Leaves altern. simple, stipult. Flowers regular. Calyz valvate or circular aestvtn. Pet. twisted aestvtn. Stamens hypogns., numerous; anthers 1-celled, reniform, dehis. transvrs.; filaments form column. Carpels distinct or united. Seeds little (or no) albumen; embryo curved; cotyledons twisted. GOSSYPIUM. Gossypium barbadense (G. herbaceum, U.S.P.) and other spec. (cotton- 254 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. seed hairs. (Also fix. oil; and root-bark, U.S.P.). S. U. States, India, Egypt; cult. Bark cont. colorlss. acid resin. ALTHEA. Althea officinalis (marsh mallow, root). U. States. Mucilage. Malva sylvestris (and vulgaris, com. mallow), G.P. BYTTNERIACEAE (chocolate ord.), gene- rally regarded as a division of Sterculiaceae (silk cotton ord.). OLEUM THEOBROMATIS (Ol. Theobromae, U.S.P.). Theobroma cacao. Cent., N., and S. America. Fixed concrete oil. Tiliaceae (lime-tree or linden ord.). Tilia sylvestris and T. platyphylla; Codex. Tilia parvifolia and T. grandifolia; G.P. IDipteraceae Hopea micrantha, H. splendida; G.P. Termströmiaceae (tea or camellia ord.). Thea chinensis (Camilla Thea, tea); Codex *. GUTTIFERAE (mangosteen ord.). CAMBOGIA. Garcinia Hanburii (gam- boge). Siam, Cochin China. G. am bogic acid, gum, &c. SAPONDACEAE (soapwort ord.). GUARANA. Paullinia sorbilis. (From seeds.) Brazil. Caffeine, tannic acid. POLYGALACEAE (milkwort ord). SENEGAE RADIX. Polygala Senega (snake-root). N. America. Polygalic acid (?syn. saponin). 255 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. RRAMERIACEAE (rhatany ord.). KRAMERIAE RADIX. Krameria trian- dra (Peruvian rhatany) and K. Ixina (K. tomentosa) (Savanilla rhatany). Bolivia and Peru, and New Granada respectively. Ratanhia- tannic acid, Rathanun, &c. ERYTHIROXYIACEZE. COCA (ERYTHRoxy LoN, U.S.P.). Erythroxy- lon Coca (leaves). Peru, Bºlivia. Cocaine, hygrine. MELIACEAE (melia ord.). AzEDARACH. Melia Azedarach (root-bark). China, &c. A resins, principle. AURANTIACEAE (orange, lemon, &c., ord.). Trees or shrubs, with alternt. dotted exstip. leaves with blade articultd. to petiole. Flowers regular. Calyz and corolla 3 to 5 div., corolla slightly imbricate and decid. Stamens hypogns., equal (or multiple) to pet., flat or coherent fila- ments. Disk hypogns., bearing pet. and stam. Ovary multi- cellular; placentas axile; style 1. Fruit indehis. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo straight; radicle short; cotyledons fleshy. Characters.-Fragrant vol. oils, bitter tonic rind, acid or sweet pulp of fruit. AURANTIL FLORES, FRUCTUS, ET CORTEX. Citrus vulgaris (bitter orange). S. Europe and other warm countries; cult. Aurantii Flores, also from Citrus aurantium (sweet orange), largely cult. in warm regions. Vol. oil. Rind, hesperidin. Pulp, citric acid. Aurantii Dulcis Cortex (U.S.P.). The rind of C. aurantium. Cont. hesperidin, vol. oil, citric acid. 256 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-Book. BELAE FRUCTUS (not U.S.P.). AEgle Marmelos. Malabar, Coromandel. Comp, not well ascertained. LIMONIS CORTEX ET SUCCU.S. Citrus Limonum (lemon). S. Europe, W. Indies, &c. Vol. oil, hesperidin (peel), citric acid (pulp). OLEUM BERGAMII. Citrus Bergamia, var. vulgaris (bergamot), Calabria. Vol. oil, citric acid. VITACEAE (vine ord.). UWAE (not U.S.P.). Vitis vinifera (the vine). Spain and other warm countries. Tartaric acid, glucose. CANELLACEAE (canella ord.). CANELLAE ALBAE CORTEX (not U.S.P.). Canella alba. S. Florida, W. Indies. Several vol. oils, canellin, no tannin. RUTACEAE (rue ord.). BUCHU FOLLA. Barosma betulina, B. crenulata, B. serratifolia. Cape of Good Hope. Vol. oil. CUSPARLE CORTEX (not U.S.P.). Gali- pea Cusparia (angostura). Trop. S. America. Vol. oil, cusparin 2, angosturine. JABORANDI (PILocarpus). Pilocarpus pennatifolius (leaflts.). Brazil. Vol. oil, pilocarpine, jaborine. OLEUM RUTAE. Ruta graveolens (rue). Europe, &c.; cult. Vol. oil, contg. a hydro- carbon and an oxygenated oil. 257 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. XANTHOXYLACEAE (very similar to Rutaceae). XANTHoxYLUM. Xanthoxylum fraxi- neum, X. carolinianum (prickly ash, bark). U. States. Vol. oil, resins. SIMARUBACEAE (quassia or simaruba ord.). QUASSIAE LIGNUM. Picraena excelsa (quassia). W. Indies. Quassiin (neut. bitter prin.). ZYGOPHYLLACEAE (bean caper ord.). GUAIACUM LIGNUM. Guaiacum offi- cinale, G. Sanctum (lignum vitae). Hayti, Jamaica. Resins. LINACEAE (flax ord.). Herbs, rarely shrubs, exstipul, entire leaves. Flwrs. hypogns., regul., symmet. Sep. 3 to 5, persist. and imbri- cate; pet. 3 to 5, fugaceous and twisted in aestivtn. ; stamens 3 to 5, the fertile ones uniting at bases, and having toothlike abortv. ones alternating. Ovary 3 to 5-celled, styles dis- tinct, stigmas capitate. Fruit capsular, many-celled, each cell more or less divided by spurious dissepiment, and each divis, cont. one seed. Seeds, little or no albumen, straight embryo. Characters.-Tenacious liber fibres, mucilgns. and oily seeds; some bitter and purgtv. LINI SEM.INA. Linum usitatissimum (flax). Britain, &c.; cult. generally. Fix oil, mucilage. GERANIACEAE (crane's bill ord.). GERANIUM. Geranium maculatum (rhiz.). U. States. Tannie and gallic acids. s 258 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. DICOTYLEDONES. ANGIOSPERMIA. CALYCIFLORAE. Perigynae. CELASTRACEAE (spindle-tree ord.). EUoNYMUs. Euonymus atropurpureus (bark). U. States. Euonymin (bitt. prin.), resins. RHAMNACEAE (buckthorn ord.). Small trees or shrubs. Leaves simple. Flwrs. usually perfect; rarely unisexual. Calya 4 to 5-parted, valvate. Pet. and stam. distinct perigns. equal in number to divis, of calyx; pet. sometimes wanting. Ovary superior, surround. by fleshy disk. Fruit 2, 3, or 4-celled, with one erect seed in each cell. Seed usually albumns., without aril. Characters.--Some acrid and purg., others bitter febrig, and tonic, a few with edible fruits. RHAMNI FRANGULAE CORTEX (FRAN- GULA). Rhamnus Frangula. Britain, Europe, &c. Frangulin. RHAMNI PURSHIANI CORTEX (not U.S.P.). Rhamnus Purshianus (sacred bark). North America. Purg. prin. undeter- mined. Rhamnus catharticus (buckthorn) G.P. ANACARDIACEAE (cashew-nut or sumach ord.). (Terebinthaceae.) IMASTICHE. Pistacia Lentiscus. Scio. Mastic hic acid, mastic in, &c. RHUs GLABRA. Rhus glabra (sumach, fruit). U. States. Tannin. Rhus Toxicode:NDRON. Rhus Toxicoden- dron (poison oak or ivy, leaves). U. States. A vol. acid. 259 PHARMACists' POCKET-BOOK. AMYRIDACEAE or BluRSERACEAE (myrrh and frankincense ord.). ELEMI (not U.S.P.), referred to Canarium commune, but source unknown. Manilla. Two resins, vol. oil. MYRRHA. Balsamodendron Myrrha. Arabia Felix, Abyssinia. Arabin, myrrhic acid, vol. oil. Balsamodendrum africanum, Codex *. LEGUMINOSAE (bean, pea, &c., ord.). Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves usually alternte, stipulte., compd. Flwrs. reg. or irreg. Calyz infer, 5-parted ; odd divis, anterior. Petals 5, fewer or none, perigns., odd one if |. posterior. Stamens distinct, or united into 1 or more undles. Orary superior, simple, 1-celled; style simple, arisg. from ventral suture. Fruit a legume, lomentum, or rarely drupe. Seeds one or more, with or without albumen. Sub ord. 1. Papilion a c e ae. Pet. papilioncs., imbricate aestivtn., odd petal exterior. BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. Myro- xylon Pareirae. Salvador (Cent. America). Benzoic and cinnamic acids, resin, vol. oil. BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. Myroxylon toluifera. New Granada. Same constit, as Bals. Peruv. CHRYSAROBINUM (goa or araroba powd. Ext. of U.S.P.). Andira Araroba. India. Chysophanic acid. GLYCYRRHIZAE RADIX. Glycyrrhiza glabra. Engl., France, Germ., S. Europe. Glycyrrhizin, starch, sugar, &c. HAEMATOXYLI LIGNUM. Haema- toxylum campechianum (logwood). Cam- s 2 260 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-Book. peachy, Honduras, Jamaica. Haematoxylin (haematin). KINO. Pterocarpus marsupium. Mala- bar. Kino-tannic acid, pyrocatechin. PHYSOSTIGMATIS SEMEN. Physo- stigma venenosum (Calabar bean). W. Africa. Physostigmine (eserine), calabarine. PTEROCARPI LIGNUM (SANTALUM RU- BRUM). Pterocarpus santalinus (red sanders). Ceylon. Red colorg. matter. SCOPARIICACUMINA. Cytisus scopa- rius (Sarothamnus sc.) (broom). Britain, &c. Scoparin (neut. prin.), Sparteine (volatile). TRAGACANTHA. Astragalus gummifer and some other spec. of A. Asia Minor. Arabin, bassorin (insol. gum). Melilotus officinalis and M. altissimus, G.P. Trigonella Foenum graecum, G.P. Sub-ord. 2. Caesalpini eas. Petals not papilioncs., imbricate aestivtn. ; odd petal inside. CASSIAE PULPA. Cassia Fistula. India, Trop. Africa, W. Indies, Brazil. Sugar, albumnd. matter, no peculiar prin. COPAIBA. Copaifera Langsdorffi. Amazon Valley. Cop aivic acid, and other resins. SENNA. Cassia acutifolia (C. lanceolata), from Nubia, &c., vià. Alexandria. Cassia an- gustifolia (C. elongata), from S. India. (Leaves.) 261 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. TAMARINDUS. Tamarindus indica. W. Indies. Citric, tartaric, acetic acids, glucose. Sub-ord. 3. Mimos eas. Petals equal, valvate aestivtn. ACACIAE GUMMI. Acacia Senegal (A. Verek), and other spec. of A. N. Africa. Arabin, CATECHU. Acacia Catechu. Pegu. Catechu- tannic acid. Indigo (Test Solns., B.P.) is from var. spec. of Indigofera. Acacia Suma, Codex *. ROSACEAE (rose ord.). Trees, shrubs, or herbs with alternt. leaves. Calyz 4 to 5-lobed, odd lobe posterior. Stamens perigns., distinct; anthers 2-celled, innate. Carpels 1 or more, distinct (some- times united): generally superior, occasionally more or less inferior. Seeds 1 or few, exalbumns. ; embryo straight. Sub-ord. Pomeae. Simple or compd. leaves, free stipules. Carpels 1 to 5 adherent to calya, and so becoming inferior; styles terminal. Fruit a pome, 1 to 5-celled, or rarely spuriously 10-celled. Seeds ascending. CUSSO (BRAYERA). Hagenia abyssinica (Brayera anthelmintica) (flowers). Abyssinia. Kosin (Koussin), also tannin, &c. CYDoNIUM. Cydonia vulgaris (quince, seed). Temp. Europe, N. America. Mucilage. QUILLAIA. Quillaia Saponaria (soap bark). Chili. Saponin. - ROSAE CANINAE FRUCTUS (not U.S.P.). Rosa canina (dog rose), and other allied spec. Britain. Crys. sugar, gum ; citric and malic acids. 262 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. ROSAE CENTIFOLIAE PETALA. Itosa centifolia. Britain, U. States, &c.; cult. Wol. oil, gallo-tannic acid, fat, sugar, &c. ROSAE GALLICAE PETALA. Rosa gal- lica (red rose). Britain, U. States, &c.; cult, Comp. similar to Rosa centifolia. RUBUs. Rubus villosus, R. canadensis, R. trivialis (blackberry, root bark). Canada, U. States, Tannin. RUBUs IDEUs. Rubus Idaeus (raspberry, fruit). Canada, U. States, &c. Color. and flav. matters. Sub-ord. A my g dale ae. Simple leaves, free stipules, calyz decid. Carpel solitary, not adherent to calyx; style terminal. Fruit a drupe; seed suspended. AMYGDALA AMARA. Prunus Amyg- dalus (Amygdalus communis), var. amara. Mogodore. Fix. oil, emulsin, and amygdalin. AMYGDALA DULCIS, from same spec., var. dulcis. Malaga. Cont. fix. oil, emulsin, no amyg- dalin. PRUNUM. Prunus domestica (fruit). S. Europe. Malic acid, sacchar. and albumns. matters. PRUNUM VIRGINIANA. Prunus serotina (Cerasus ser.). (Bark.) U. States. Comp. very similar to Amygd. Amara. LAUROCERASI FOLIA (not U.S.P.). Prunus Laurocerasus. Britain, &c. Comp. similar to Amygd. Amara. Potentilla Tormentilla, G.P. Acacia Catechu Codex *. 263 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. (b) Epigynae. CUCURBITACEAE (gourd or cucumber ord.). Herbs, usually succulent. Leaves rough, alternate, radiate veined. Flwrs. unisex. Calyz 5-toothed or obsol., superior. Corolla monopet. perigyns. Sterile fluºr. : usually 5 stam., which are distinct, monadelph. or triadelph., or epipet. ; rarely 2 or 3 stam. ; anthers long and usually sinuous. Fertile fluºr. : ovary interior, pariet, placent. ; style short, stigmas dilated. Fruit succulent. Seeds flat, exalbumns., cotyledons leafy. Characters.-Acrid, bitter, purg. properties. COLOCYNTHIDIS PULPA. Citrullus Colocynthis (fruit pulp). Smyrna, Trieste, France, Spain. Colocynthin. ECBALII FRUCTUS. Ecballium Ela- terium. Britain, Malta. Elaterin (neut. subst.). BRYoni A. Bryonia alba, B. dioica (root). C. and S. Europe, N. America. Bryonin (bitt. prin.). PEPO. Cucurbita Pepo (seed). Asia and America. Act. prin. prob, a resin. CACTACEAE. Opuntia cochinillifera (host of COCCUS). IMYRTACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leares oppos. or altern., entire exstipul., usually dotted, and having a vein just within margin. Calya, super., 4 or 5 cleft, valvate, sometimes like cap. Petals 4–5, imbricate, rarely absent. Stamens 8–10, or numerous, or rarely 4–5; filaments distinct or polyadelp.. ovary inferior, 1 to 6-celled; style and stigma simple; placentas axile or parietal (rarely). Fruit dry or succul, dehis, or indehis. Seeds exalbumns., usually numerous. Characters.-Aromatic and pungent vol. oils; some astringent, others saccharine. 264 Ph.ARMAcists' POCKET-Book. CARYOPHYLLUM (-Us). Eugenia caryo- phyllata (C. aromaticus) (flower buds; cloves). E. Indies. Vol. oil. EUCALYPTUs (OIL OF). Eucalyptus glo- bulus. Australia. Eucalyptol (vol. oil). GRANATI RADICIS CORTEX. Punica Granatum. S. Europe. Pelletierine, isopel- letierine (liqds.), &c. PIMENTA. Pimenta officinalis (Eugenia P.). (Fruit). W. Indies. Vol. oil. OLEUM CAJAPUTI. Melaleuca minor (M. Cajaputi, U.S.P.). OLEUM MYRCIAE. Myrcia acris (oil of bay). CORN ACEAE (cornel or dogwood ord.). CoRNUs. Cornus florida. (Root-bark.) N. America. Cornin (neut. bitt.). BIAMIAMELIDACEAE. HAMAMELIs. Hamamelis virginica (witch hazel, Ivs.). N. America. Tannin, and a bitt. prin. TUIMBELLIFERAE. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves altern., usually compa. and amplexicaul., sometimes simple, always exstipul. Flwrs. umbellt. Calyz super. Pet. and stum. 5 inserted on fleshy disc above ovary. Ovary infer. 2-celled, one pendul. ovule in each cell; styles 2. Fruit of 2 indehis carpels separating from carpophore. (2) Orthosperma. ANETHI FRUCTUS (not U.S.P.). Peuce- danum graveolens (Anethum g.). England, Mid, and S. Europe. Vol. oil. 265 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. ANISI FRUCTUS. Pimpinella Anisum. Russia, Malta, Spain, Germany. Vol. oil. AMMONIACUM. Lorema Ammonia- cum. Persia, Punjaub. Vol. oil, resin, gum. ASAFCETIDA. Ferula Narthex (N. Asafoetida), F. Scorodosma, and other spec. Punjaub, Afghanistan. Vol. oil, resin, gum. CARUI FRUCTUS. Carum Carui (C. Carvi, U.S.P.). Britain, Germany. Vol. oil. CORIAN DRI FRUCTU.S. Coriandrum ºvum. Britain (Essex). Vol. and fix. O11s. (3) Caelospermeae. FOENICULI FRUCTUS. Foeniculum ºpinaceum (F. vulg., U.S.P.). Malta. Vol. 011. GALBANUM. Ferula galbaniflua, F. rubricaulis, and other spec. India and Levant. Wol. oil, resin, gum. (1) Campylospermeae. SUMBUL RADIX. Ferula Sumbul. Russia, India. Vol. oil, resin. CONII FOLIA. Conium maculatum (hemlock). Europe, N. America. Coniine, methyl- comine. (Enanthe Phellandrium (water-fennel), G.P. Archangelica officinalis, G. P. Levisticum officinale (lovage), G.P. Pim- pinella Saxifraga (burnet saxifrage) and P. magna (great saxifrage), G.P. Cuminum Cyminum, Codex *. 266 PHARMACists' POCKET-BOOK. DICOTYLEDONES. CorolLIFLORAE. (a) Epigynae. CAPRIFOLIACEAE (honeysuckle ord.). Shrubs or herbs with oppos. exstipul, leaves. Calyz super., 4–5 cleft, persistent. Corolla monopet. and bearing as many stam. as it has lobes (alternate); reg. or irreg. ovary infer, 1–5 celled. Fruit indehis. Seeds fleshy albu- Inen. SAMBUCI FLORES (not U.S.P.). Sam- bucus migra (elder). Britain. SAMBUcus. Sambucus canadensis (flwrs.). N. America. Both very similar, and cont. a light vol. oil. VIBURNUM. Viburnum prunifolium (black haw, bark). N. America. Walerianic acid, resin, tannin. RUBIACEZE or CINCHON ACEZE (madder or cinchona ord.). Trees, shrubs, or herbs with oppos. simp. entire leaves, inter- petiolar stipules and rounded stems; or with whorled exstipul. leaves and angular stems (Galiaceae formerly). (1) Cinchoneae. CINCHONAE CORTEX. Cinchona Cali- saya, C. officinalis, C. succirubra, C. lancifolia, and other spec. contg. the alkaloids (contg. 2-3%. U.S.P.). Nat of Andes Valley, but now grown in India, Jamaica, Australia, Java, &c. CINChoNA FLAVA is trunk-bark of C. Calisaya. CINCHONAE RUBRAE CORTEX is stem- and branch-bark of C. succirubra. For Cinchona Alkds., v. p. 448. 267 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. (2) Coffew. IPECA CUA NHA. Cephaëlis Ipeca- cuanha (root). Brazil. Emetime, ipecacuanhic acid. CAFFEINA is contained in seeds of Coffea, arabica (&c.). CATECHU (not U.S.P.). Uncaria Gam- bier (Ext. of). Eastn. Archipelago. Catechin and catechu-tannic acid (related to each other as gallic and tannic acids). VALERIAN ACEZE. VALERIANAE RHIZOMA. Valeriana, officinalis. Britain, Europe, &c. Vol. oil, valerianic acid. IDipsacaceae (teazel ord.), Scabiosa succisa, Codex *. COMPOSITZE. Herbs or shrubs with exstipul, leaves. Flwrs. (florets) arranged in dense capitula, commonly surrounded by involucre. Calyz super., limb abortive, membrans, or pºppose. Corolla monopet., 4–5 toothed, with valvate a stivation. Stamens epipetalous, equal in number to div. of corolla (and alternate with) (usually 5); anthers syngenesious. ovary infer., 1-celled, with 1 erect ovule; style simple, bifid. above. Fruit 1-celled, dry, indehiscent. Seed solitary, erect, exalbumns. ; radicle inſerior. Characters.-Many cont. tonic bitt. prin., others are laxative and anthelmintic. Many cont. a vol. oil, which is aromatic, carminatv., and diaphoretic. ABs IN THIUM. Artemisia Absinthium (wormwood, lv.s., tops). U. States; adv. from old world. Vol. oil, absinthin (bitt. prin.). ANTHEMIDIS FLORES. Anthemis no- bilis (chamomile). England, Europe. Vol. oil. - 268 PHARMACISTs' PoCKET-Book. ARNICAE RHIZOMA (RADIx). A FLOREs. Arnica montana. Mid. and S. Europe, and N.-W. U. States. Arnicin, inulin, vol. oil. CALENDULA. Calendula officinalis (mari- gold, herb). U. States. Calendulin, vol. oil, a bitt. prin., &c. EUPATorruM. Eupatorium perfoliatum (lvs., fig, tops). N. America. Vol. oil, eupatorin (bitt.). - GRINDELIA. Grindelia robusta (lvs., fig. tops.). N. America. Resin, vol. oil. INULA. Imula Helenium (elecampane, root). Cent. and S. Europe. Helenin (neut. bitt.), vol. oil, inulin, &c. LACTUCA (LACTUCARIUM). Lactuca virosa (lettuce, fig. herb). Britain, Europe. Lactucin (bitt.). LAPPA. Lappa officinalis (burdock, root). Europe, Asia, U. States. Mucilage, tannin, inulin. MATRICARIA. Matricaria Chamomilla (flwrs.). Europe, N. America. Vol. oil, anthemic acid. OLEUM ERIGERONTIS. Erigon canadense. N. America. It is a vol. oil. PYRETHRI RADIX. Anacyclus Py- rethrum (pellitory). The Levant. Resin, vol. oil, sugar. SANTONICA. Artemisia maritima, var. Stechmanniana (fl. heads). Russia, Turkestan. Santonin. 269 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. TANACETUM. Tanacetum vulgare '...}: lvs., tops). N. America, nat. from old world; cult. and wild. Vol. oil. Tussilago Farfara (coltsfoot), G.P. Cnicus benedictus º thistle), G.P. Artemisia vulgaris (armoise), Cºdex". appa major, minor, tomentosa (bardane), Codex *. Anten- naria dioica, Cichorium Intybus (chicory), Codex *. LOBELIACEAE (lobelia ord.). LoBELIA. Lobelia inflata (lvs., tops). N. America. Lobeline. (b) Hypost a mine ae. ERICACEAE (heath ord.). GAULTHERIA. Gaultheria procumbens (winter-green) (bark and vol. oil). N. U. States. Vol. oil, arbutin ; the oil cont. salicylate of methyl and gaultherilene. UVAE - URSI FOLIA. Arctostaphylos TJva-ursi (bearberry). Britain, Europe, &c. Arbutin. PYROLACEAE (winter-green ord.). CHIMAPHILA. Chima phila umbellata (leaves). Northern Continents. Tannin; arbu- tin, ericolin, &c. (neut. prins.). Ericaceae, U.S.P. (c) Epipe t a lae. AQUIFOLIACEAE (holly ord.). PRINos. Prinos verticillatus (Ilex verticil- lata) (black alder, bark). N. America. Tannin, resin, wax, a bitt. prin., &c. SAPOTACEAE (sopota or sopodilla ord.). GUTTA - PERCHA. Dichopsis Gutta (Isonandra Gutta). Ceylon, Malay Peninsula. Resins, subst. (CºoHa2; C20H24O ; C20H24O2). 270 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. STYRACEAE (storax ord). BENZOINUM. Styrax Benzoin. Siam and Sumatra. Benzoic acid and resins. APOCYNACEAE (dog-bane ord.). APOCYNUM. Apocynum cannabinum (root). U. States. Apocynin, apocynein. Vinca major and minor, Codex *. LOGANIACEAE (spigelia or strychnos ord.). IGNATIA. Strychnos Ignatii (St. Ignatius' bean). Philippine Islds. Strychnine, brucine. GELSEMIUM. Gelsemium nitidum. S. U. States. Gelsemine, NUX WOMICA. Strychnos Nux-vomica (seeds). India. Strychnine, brucine. SPIGELIA. Spigelia marylandica (rhiz., rtlts.). U. States. Vol. oil, bitt. prin. GENTIANACEZE. CHIRATA. Ophelia Chirata (herb). N. India. Ophelic acid, chiratin. GENTIANAE RADIX. Gentiana lutea. Cent, and S. Europe. Gentio-picrin, gentianin. Erythraea centaurium (com. centaury), G.P. and Codex *. Menyanthes trifoliata (buckbean), G.P. ASCLEPIADACEAE (asclepias or milk- weed ord.). AscLEPIAs. Asclepias tuberosa (root). U. States. Tannin, resins, an odor, fatty matter. 271 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. HEMIDESMI RADIX (not U.S.P.). Hemi- desmus indicus. India. Comp. not deter- mined. Gonolobus Condurango, G.P. CONVOLVUILACEAE (convolvulus ord.). JALAPA. Ipomoea Purga (Exogonium P.). (Tubercules.) Mexico. C on vol vulin and other resins. SCAMMONIAE RADIX (SCAMMONIUM). Con- volvulus Scammonia. Syria, Asia Minor. Resins resemb, those of jalap. SOLANACEAE (potato ord.), including ATROPACEAE, as sub-ord. Atropea. Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees, alternt leaves, colorlss. juice. Flwrs. isomerous. Calyz and corolla 5, rarely 4 div. orolla reg. or slightly irreg. : aestivtn. valvte., imbricate or indupli- cate. Stam. equal in number to lobes of corolla; anthers 2-celled, porous or longitud. dehis. Ovary superior, usually 2-celled, more cells rarely. Fruit dehis. or indehis, 2 or more celled. Seeds numerous, albuminous. (1) Solaneae. AEstivtn. of corolla valvate or induplicate. CAPSICI FRUCTUS. Capsicum fasti- giatum. Trop. Africa and America. Capsaicin, and an alk, resemb. comine. DULCAMARA. Solanum Dulcamara (twigs). N. America, mat. from old world. Solanine, dulca- 7marine. Capsicum annuum (includ. longum), G.P. Physalis Alke- kengi, Codex *. Solanum nigrum, Codex *. Solanum tubero- sum (potato), Codex. (2) Atropea, AEstivtn. of corolla imbricate. - 272 PHARMACISTs. POCKET-BOOK. BELLADONNAE FOLIA. Atropa Bella- dona. Britain, Cent. Europe. Atropine, hyo- scyamine. RADIX of same cont. atropine and belladonnine. HYOSCYAMI FOLIA. Hyoscyamus niger. Europe, Asia. Hyoscyamine (isomeric with atropine). STRAMONII FOLIA. Latura Strano- nium (thorn-apple). Europe, Asia, N. America. Daturine, hyoscyamine. TABACI FOLIA. Nicotiana Tabacum. America; cult. Nicotine, nicotianin. OLEACEAE (olive ord.). MANNA. Fraxinus Ornus (exudtm.). Calabria, Sicily. Mannite, sucrose. Boraginaceae. Borago officinalis, Codex *. Sym- phytum officinale, Codex *. OLEUM OLIVAE. Olea europaea. S. Europe. A fix. oil. LABIATAE. Herbs or shrubs, oppos. exstip. leaves. Flwrs. irreg., un- symmetrº Calyz persist. Corolla bilabiate. Stamens usually 4, then commonly didynam., rarely equal; or only 2. Ovary deeply 4-lobed, style 1, basilar; stigma bifid. Fruit 1 to 4 achaemia, enclosed by calyx. Seed erect, little or no albumin. Characters.-None hurtful. They abound in vol. oil, and are aromatic, carminatv., stimult. ; also contain bitt. extractv. matt. ; and some are astringent. HEDEoyſ A. Hedeoma pulegioides (lvs., tops). N. America. Vol. oil. 273 PHARMACISTS' PockFT-BOOK. OLEUM LAWANDULAE. Lavandula vera. Britain. It is a vol. oil. MARRUBIUM. Marrubium vulgare (lvs., tops). Temp. Europe and N. America. Vol. oil and marrubiin (bitt. prin.). MELIssa. Melissa officinalis (1vs., tops). U. States, mat. from Europe. Vol. oil. OLEUM MENTHAE PIPERITAE. Mentha. piperita. Britain. It is a vol. oil. OLEUM MENTHAE VIRIDIS. Mentha, viridis (spear mint). It is a vol. oil. ORIGANUM. Origanum vulgare (wild mar- jorum, herb). U. States, nat. from Europe. SALVIA. Salvia officinalis (1vs.). Europe, America; cult. Vol. oil. ScutelLARIA. Scutellaria lateriflora (herb). N. America. Bitt. prin. OLEUM ROSMARINI. Rosmarinus offi- cinalis. S. Europe; cult. Vol. oil. OLEUM THYMI. Thymus vulgaris. S. Europe; cult. It is a vol. oil. Mentha crispa, G.P. Glechoma hederacea, Codex *. Lamium album, Codex*. Thymus Serpyllum (wild thyme), G.P.; Cod.* PEDIALACEAE (pedalium ord.). OLEUM SESAM1. Sesamum indicum. India. A fix. oil. SCRO PHULARIACEZE. Herbs, rarely shrubs. Flwrs. anisomerous. Inflores, axil- lary, Calyz and corolla 4 or 5 div. Corolla more or less T 274 ph ARMAcists' Pocket-book. regular, aestivtn. imbricate. Stamens 2 or 4, and then didy. nam., rarely 5; anthers introrse. Ovary usually 2-celled, the cells placed anter. *nd poster.; style 1. Fºuit capsular or baccate. Seeds usually numerous, albumins. Characters.-Some poisonous, some bitter, others astringent; some purgatv., emetic, diuretic; a few narcotic. DIGITALIS FOLIA. Digitalis purpurea (foxglove). Britain, Europe. Digitoxin, digitalin, digitalein, digitonin, digitin. LEPTANDRA. Leptandra virginica (Vero- nica v.). (Rhiz., rtlts.) N. America. Lep- tan drin. Verbascum Thapsus, Codex *. Verbascum phlomoides (includ. V. thapsiforme), G.P. D|COTYLEDONES. Monoch LAMYDEE (or Incompletae.) POLYGONACEAE (buckwheat ord). RHEI RADIX. Rheum palmatum, R. officinale, and other spec. China, Thibet. Chrysophanic acid, chrysophane, p ha ore tin, rheo-tannic acid. RUMEx. Rumex crispus, and other spec. Europe; cult. (Root.) Chrysophanic acid (syn. rumicine), tannic acid. Polygonum Bistorta (bistort), Codex *. Rumex obtusifolius (patience), Codex *. CHENOPODIACEZE (goosefoot or spinach ord.). 275 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. CHENOPoDIUM. Chenopodium ambrosi- oides, var. anthelmenticum (fruit). N. America. Vol. oil. PIPERACEAE (pepper ord.). CUBEBA. Piper Cubeba (Cubeba offici- nalis). (Fruit.) Java. Vol. oil, resin, cubebin. MATICAE FOLIA (MATIco). Piper angusti- folium (Artanthe elongata.) Peru. Vol. oil, artanthic acid, tannin, resin. PIPER NIGRUM (PIPER). Piper nigrum (fruit). E. Indies. Vol. oil, resin, piperin. THYMELACEAE (mezereon ord.). MEZEREICORTEX. Daphne Mezereum, D. Laureola. Europe. Soft acrid resin, daphnin. Daphne Gnidium (spurge flax), Codex *. PHYTOLACCACEZE. PHYTolaccABAccA. Phytolacca decandra. N. America. PHYToI.AccA RADIx same. Fruit cont. sugar, gum ; root cont. resin, tannin. LAURACEAE (laurel ord.).; CAMPHORA. Cinnamomum Camphora (Camphora officinarum). China, Japan. It is a stearoptene. CINNAMOMI, CORTEX, Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Ceylon. Vol. oil, mannite, muci- lage, &c. o T 2 276 PHARMAcists' Pocket-Book. NECTANDRA CORTEX (not U.S.P.). Nectandra Rodiaei. British Guiana. Bebe- rine. SASSAFRAS RADIX (not U.S.P.). Sassa- fras officinale. N. America. SAss AFRAs. The root bark of same. SAssafr As MEDULLA. Pith of same. Mucilage. Root cont. vol. oil; root bark also a little tannin. Laurus nobilis (sweet bay), G.P. MYRISTICACEAE (nutmeg ord.). MYRISTICA. Myristica fragrams (seed kernel). Malayan Archipelago. Fix. and vol. oil. MActs. Arillus of seed of same. The same vol. oil. ULMACEAE (elm ord.) (by some includ. in Urticaceae). ULMUs. Ulmus fulva (inner bark). N. America. Mucilage. Urticaceae, Ulmeae, U.S.P. CANNABINACEAE (hemp ord.). CANNABIs AMERICANA. Cannabis sativa (tops), grown in U. States. Cann a bin. CANNABIS INDICA. Same grown in India. Cannabin. FICUS. Ficus Carica (fruit). Smyrna. Glucose, gum, &c. LUPULUS (HUMULUs). Humulus Lupulus (fruit). England (Kent, Surrey, Worcester). Lupulite (bitt, subst.), vol. oil, resin, 277 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. MORACEAE (mulberry ord). MORI SUCCUS (not U.S.P.). Morus nigra. S, Europe. Col. matt., sugar, malic (?) acid. Jrticaceae- Parietaria officinalis (wall pellitory), ex*. EUPHORBIACEAE (spurgewort ord.). CASCARILLAE CORTEX. Croton Elu- teria. Bahama Islds. Cascarillin (bitt. subst, act. prin.), resin, gum, &c. KAMALA. Mallolotus philippinensis (Rottlera tinctoria) (fruit hairs). Bahama Islds. Resins, rottlerin. OLEUM CROTONIS (O. TIGLII). Croton Tiglium. E. Indies. A fix. seed-oil. STILLINGLA. Stillingia sylvatica (root). S. U. States. Resin. Euphorbium resinifera, G.P. ARISTOLOCHIACEZE (birthwort ord.). SERPENTARIAE RHIZOMA. Aristolo- chia Serpentaria, A. reticulata. U. States. Vol. oil, resin. SANTALACEAE (sandal-wood ord). OLEUM SANTALI. Santalum album. India. Vol. oil from wood. JUGLANDACEAE (walnut ord.). JUGLANs. Juglans cinerea (inner root- bark). N. America. Nucin, tannin, fix. oil. Juglans regia (walnut), G.P. CORYLACEZ3 or CUPUI.IFERAE (oak ord.). 278 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. CASTANEA, Castanea vesca (leaves), N. America. Tannin. QUERCUs ALBA. Quercus alba (bark). N. America. Querci-tannic acid, quercin. QUERCUS CORTEX (not U.S.P.). Quercus Robur. Britain. Querci-tannic acid, quercin. SALICACEAE (willow ord.). SALIx. Salix alba and other spec. (Bark.) Europe, U. States. Tannin, salicin. D100TYLEDONES, GYMNosper MAE. CONIFERAE (pine ord). Resins, trees or evergr. shrubs, branched continuous stems. Leaves linear, needle-shaped or lanc. olt., parall.-veined, fas- cicled or imbricate. Flurs. naked, monoec. or dioec. Male flwrs. in decid. amenta. Stamens 1, or several (then mono- delp.): anthers 2, or many celled and openg. longit. Fem. flºw.rs. in cones; ovules naked, 2 or more on upper surface of each carpel. Fruit a woody cone, or a galbulus. Seeds naked with hard integument, albumns. ; cotyledons 2, or many. Characters.-Oleo-resinous juice. LARICIS CORTEX (not U.S.P.). Pinus Larix (Abies L.), larch. Europe. A peculiar tannin; larixin. OLEUM PINI SYLVESTRIS (not U. S. P.). - Pinus sylvestris (Scotch fir). Finland, Russia. A vol. oil from the leaves. OLEUM TEREBIN THINAE. Pinus aus- tralis (P. palustris), P. Taeda, U. States; some- times P. Pinaster, S.-W. France: P. sylvestris. A mixture of hydro-carbons (CoHo). Vol. oil (of turps) (distinct from turpentine). 279 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-B00k. OLEUM JUNIPERI. Juniper communis. Europe, N. Asia, Himalayas. A vol. oil from unripe fruit (CoH is, and polymers). PIX BURGUNDICA. Pinus Picea (P. Abies or A. excelsa). Norway, Switzerland. An amorph. resin, oil of turp. and isomers, abietic - acid. Pix CANADENsis. Abies canadensis. Canada, N. U. States. Vol. oil, resins. It is the exudation. PIX LIQUIDA. Pinus sylvestris and other pines. Empyreumatic resins. A product of destructv. distillation. RESINA.—Resinous remainder from distilla- tion of oleo-resin of var. spec. of pine. SABINAE CACUMINA. Juniperus Sabina. Europe, N. America. Vol. oil from herb. TEREBIN THINA. Pinus australis and other spec. of pine. Vol. oil, resin. By making cavities in trunk. TEREBINTHINA CANADENSIS. Pinus balsamea (A. balsamea). Canada, U. States. Vol. oil (C10H16), resin. By incision. THUS AMERICANUM (not U.S.P.). S. U. States. Vol. oil, resin. Scraped off trunk of Pinus australis. The JA. Thuja occidentalis (tops). N. America. Vol. oil, thujin, resin, tannin. Dammara alba, D. orientalis, G.P. Larix sibirica, G.P. 280 PHARMA cists' Pocket-book. MONO00TYLEDONES, PETAloideae. (a) Epigynae. ORCHIDACEAE (orchis ord.). CYPRIPEDIUM. Cypripedium pubescens, C. parviflorum (rhiz., rtlts.). N. America. Vol. oil, tannin, resins. VANILLA. Vanilla planifolia (fruit). E. Mexico. Vanillin, fix, oil, resin, &c. Orchis mascula. O. militaris, O. morco, O. ustulata. Ana- camptis pyramidalis, Platanthera bifolia (salep), G.P. ZINGIBERACEAE (ginger ord.). CARDAMOMI SEMINA. Elattaria Car- damomum. Malabar. Fix. and vol. oil. Turmeric (Test Solns. B.P.). Curcuma longa (rhiz.). S. Asia. Curcumin. ZINGIBER. Zingiber officinale (rhiz.). W. Indies, India, &c. Vol. oil, resin. Alpinia officinarum, G.P. Marantaceae.—Maranta arundinaceae (W. I. arrow- root), Codex *. Circuma Zedoaria, G.P. IRIDACEAE (iris or cornflag ord.). CROCUS. Crocus sativus (parts of flwr.). Britain, S. Europe. Crocin, vol. oil. IRIs. Iris versicolor (rhiz., rootlts.). N. America. Resin, vol. oil. G º germanica, I. pallida, I, florentina (Codex”)(arrowroot) 281 PHARMACISTS' pocker-Book. (b) Hypogyn ae. SMILACEAE (sarsaparilla ord.). SARSAE RADIX (SARs.APARILLA). Smilax officinalis (S. medica, and other spec. of S., U.S.P.). Cent. America. Parillin. Smilax China, Codex *. LILIACEAE (lily ord.). Leaves with parall. straight veins, or succulent. Flwrs. regul. Perianth. infer., 6-leaved or 6-partite. Stamens 6 ; anthers introrse. Ovary superior, 3 celled; style 1, undivided. Fruit indehis, or loculicidal caps. Seeds numerous, albumins. ALLIUM. Allium sativum (bulb). Europe, &c.; cult. Vol. oil (CAHA).S. ALOE BARBADENSIS (not U.S.P.). Aloe vulgaris. Barbadoes and Dutch W. Indies. Barbaloin, resin, vol. oil. ALOE SOCOTRINA (ALoe). Aloe Perryi, and prob, other spec. W. Africa. Aloín. SCILLA. Urginea Scilla (the bulb). Mediterranean coasts. Scillitoxin (syn. scillain). Asparagus officinalis, Ruscus aculeatus, Codex *. IMIELANTHACEAE or COLCHICACEZE (colchicum ord.) (To Liliaceae by Benth. and Hook.). COLCHICICORMUS (RADIx). Colchicum autumnale. Britain, &c. COLCHICI SEMINA.—Both cont. colchicine and traces of veratrine. SABADILLA (yields Veratrina B. and U.S.P.). Schoenocaulon officinale (Asagraea offici- 282 PHARMACISTs' PockFT-BOOK. nalis). (Seeds.) Mexico. Veratrine (act, prin.); sabadilline and sabatrine (traces). VERATRI VIRIDIS RHIZOMA. Vera- trum viride. Canada, U. States. Jerrine, pseudo- jervine, cevadine ; rubijervine and veratrine (traces). Weratrum album, G.P. ACORACEAE (sweet flag ord.). CALAMUs. Acorus Calamus (rhiz.). Europe, Asia, N. America. Vol. oil, acorin. Palmaceae, Cocos nucifera (cocoa-nut), G.P. MONO00TYLEDONES, GLUMACEAE. GRAMINACEAE (grass ord.). Leaves alternt., split sheaths, a ligule at base of lamina. Flwrs, in spikelets or locustae, rarely solitary. Flwrs. glumaceous; paleae usually 2 in each flower. Stamens few, frequently 3, with capill. filaments and versatile anthers. Quary superior; stigmas feathery or hairy. Fruit a caryop- sis. Seed with mealy albumen. AMYLUM. Triticum sativum (T. vulgare) (wheat); Lea Mays (maize); Oryza sativa (rice). Starch. FARINA TRITICI (not U.S.P.). Wheaten flour. Starch and gluten. HORDEUM DECORTICATUM (not U.S.P.). Hordeum distichon. Barley. Starch, albu- minoides. MALTUM.—The same malted. MICA PANIS (not U.S.P.). Crumb of bread. 283 PHARMACists' pock ET-BOOK. SACCHARUM. Saccharum officinarum. Trop. countries. Cº. H.On (Theriaca is the residue from refining). TRITICUM. Triticum repens (rhiz.). Europe, N. America. Glucose, triticin. Arundo Donax, Codex *. FLOWERLESS PLANTS. ACOTYLEDONES, AcroGENAE. FILICES (fern ord.). FILIX-MAS (AspidIUM). Aspidium Filix- mas (rhiz.). Britain, &c. Fix. oil contg. filicic acid, the chief act. prin. Adiantum pedatum, Scolopendrium officinale, Polypodium vulgare, Codex *. LYCOPODIACEAE (club-moss ord.). Lycopodium. Lycopodium clavatum (sporules). Europe, Asia, N. and S. America. ACOTYLEDONES. THALLOPHYTA. FUNGI (mushroom ord.). CEREVISIAE FERMENTUM (not U.S.P.). Saccharomyces (Torula) cerevisiae. ERGOTA. Claviceps purpurea (ergot of rye). Ergotinic (sclerotinic) acid, scleromucin, sclererythrin. UsTILAgo. Ustilago Maydis (must of maize). Probably similar to ergot. Polyporus fomentarius (surgeon's agaric), G.P.; Codex *. 284 PHARMACISTS' PockFT-Book. LICHENES (lichen ord.). CETRARIA. Cetraria islandica (Iceland moss). N. Europe. Lichenin, cetraric acid. ALGAE (sea-weed ord.). ChoNDRUs. Chondrus crispus, C. mam- millosus (Irish moss). N. Atlantic coasts, &c. mucilag. matter. Laminaria Cloustoni, G.P. Gigartina Helminthocorton, and others. Note.-The specific names of plants do not begin with a capital letter, except when the specific name is derived from a generic name as Rhamnus Frangula, from a person as Strychnos Ignatii, or is indeclinable as Erythroxylon Coca- 285 PHARMACISTs. POCKET-Book. A G.I.OSSARY OF THE MORE IM- PORTANT GENERAL TERMS USED IN BOTANY. (More especially in connection with the higher plants.). Abruptly-pinnate, pinnate leaf terminating in pair of leaflets. Acaulescent, with very short (apparently no) stem. Accrescent, growing larger after flowering. Acephalous, when style is lateral, not surmounting ovary. Acerose, shaped like needles. Acetabuliform, cup-shaped. Achaemium, indehiscent monospermous with free seed (fruit). Achlamydeous, with no flower envelopes. Acicular, shaped like needles. Acinaciform, shaped like scimitar. Acotyledenous, without cotyledons. Acrocarpous, with terminal fructification. Acrogen, growing at summit (ferns). Acrogenous, attached to ends of threads (fungi). Acrospires, leaves of corn first appearing. Acrospore, spore upon top of a thread. Actinenchyma, stellate cellular tissue. Aculeate, bearing prickles. Acuminate, pointed. Adesmy, abnormal splitting of organ. Adnate, adhering by the whole surface. Adpressed, closely applied but non-adherent. Adventitious, unusually placed. Adverse, opposite. Aérophytes, plants growing entirely in air. AEstivation, mode of folding (flower-buds). Ala, lateral wing of papilionate flower. Alate-pinnate, pinnate with winged petiole. 286 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-BOOK. Albumen, the substance surrounding embryo in seeds. Albuminous, having albumen. Alburnum, sap-wood of tree. Alliaceous, resembling the garlic family. Alveolate, honeycombed. Amentum, a deciduous form of catkin or spike. Amphicarpous, having two forms of fruit. Amphisarca, a compd., multicellr. frt. with hard shell. Amphitropal, curved till ends meet (embryo). Amplexicaul, embracing a stem. Ampullaceous, flask- or bladder-like. Analogous, of similar form (not function). Amantherum, filaments with no anthers. Anastomose, veins communicating by branches. Anatropal, ovate with foramen turned to hilum. Andraeceum, male parts of flower. Androgynous, possessing male and female inflorescence. Androphorum, filaments forming tube around pistil. Angiocarpous, having fruit with envelope. Angiospermous, possessing an ovary around seeds. Amisostamenous, with stamens and pistils unequal in number. Anther, the pollen-cases of flowers. Antheridia, male organs in cryptogams. Antherozoid, syn. spermatozoid. Anthocarpous, having fruit formed from a number of flowers. Anthodium, the flowering head of Compositae. Anthotazis, flower arrangement of an inflorescence. Apetalous, devoid of petals. Aphylly, suppression of leaves. Apiculus, a short point. Apillary, without upper lip (flower). Apocarpous, with carpels separate. Apophysate, having swelling at base. *...* separation of whorls by abnormally long inter- nodes. Appendages, superadded parts. Applanate, flattened horizontally. Apposite, side by side. Apterous, without wings. Archegonium, a form of spore-case in cryptogams. Arcuate, bow-shaped. Arcuate-areolate, divided into spaces by curves. Arillus (Aril), an extension of placenta covering seed. 287 PHARMACISTs' Pocker-Book. Arillode, a false arillus. Arista, the beard of corn. Asci, spore-cases. Ascidium, a pitcher-shaped modified leaf. Astomous, without aperture. Atropal, with erect ovule. Attenuate, tapering to a point. Auriculate, possessing two lobes or ears. Autonomous, complete or perfect in itself. Awn, syn. arista. Azil, the angle between axis and any offshoot from it. Azillary, growing in an axil. Azis, the main stern or root. Bacca, a berry, a pulpy indehisc. frt. from an infer. ovary. Bacilli, narrow rod-like Algae Balausta, fruit of pomegranate. Barbs, double-hooked hairs. Barren, producing no flowers. Bi-, signifying double, thus; Bi-cornute, with two horns. Blastema, axis of embryo. Bothrenchyma, pitted or dotted tissue. Brachiate, with branches opposite at right angles. Bracteate, having bracts. Bracteoles, secondary bracts between bracts and flowers. Bracts, modified leaves at base of flower-stalk. Bristles, sharp stiff hairs. Bulb, a modified leaf-bud with fleshy scales. Bulbils, small axillary buds. Bullate, puckered. Bursiculate, resembling a purse. Byssaceous, composed of entangled threads. Byssoid, resembling fine matted threads. Crspitose, tufted. Calcarate, spurred. Calceolate, in form resembling slipper. Calycanthemy, conversion of sepals into petals. Calycifloral, having pet. and stam. inserted in calyx. Calyculus, an involucre having only a few flowers. Calyz, the outside whorl of floral leaves. Cambium, an active vital layer between bark and wood. Campanulate, bell-shaped. 288 PHARMACists' PoCKET-BOOK. Camptotropal, having portions beyond curve of equal length ovules). cºrmous. having albumen forming a longil. furrow seed). cºal. channelled. Cancellate, like lattice-work. Capitate, with globose head. Capitulum, the inflorescence of composite flowers. Caprification, fertilization by insects. Capsule, a dry dehiscent fruit. Carina, a keel-shaped arrangement of petals. Carcerule, a dry dehis. frt. with carpels round an axis. Cariopsis, a super., one-celled, one-seeded, indehis. frt. with dry pericarp united to seed. Carpel, a modified leaf (in pistil). Carpophore, a beak-like prolongation of thalamus, bearing ovary. Carumcula, a protuberance round hilum (seed). Cassideous, with helmet-shaped petal, sepal. Catkin, a decid. spike of unisex. flowers. Caudate, having a hairy style (fruit). Cauder, the axis. Caudicle, process uniting pollen-masses to stigma. Caulescent, growing up to form stem. Caulis, the stem. Cell, an elementary vesicle. Centrifugal, flowering commencing at summit (infloresnc.). Centripetal, flowering commencing at base (infloresnc.). Chalaza, point of union of coats with nucleus (ovule). Chlorophyll, green coloring matter of plants. Chorisis, multiplication by splitting, Cicatria, -ice, a scar. Cicinmus, a scorpion cyme. Cilia, a marginal hair. Cinenchyma, lactiferous tissue of plants. Circinate, curled like young fern fronds. Cirrhus, a tendril. Clathrate, latticed. Clavate, club-shaped. Claw, lengthened base of some petals. Clores, bulbs formed within parent bulbs. Clypeate, buckler-shaped. Coarctate, closely pressed together. 289 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-BOOK. Coccodes, pill-like protruberances. Coccus, a carpel dehiscing with elasticity. Cochlear, with one piece covering others (aestivatn.). Coelosperm, having albumen curved base towards apex (seed). Caemanthium, receptacle of capitulum. Cohesion, attachment by margin. Coleorhiza, she ºth at base of embryo of endogen. Collateral, side by side. Collenchyma, parenchyma thickened in angles of cells. Collum, point of union of root and stem. Columella, axis around which carpels cohere. Coma, hair-tufts confined to parts of testa (seeds). Comose, having hairs at summit. Complanate, flattened. Complicate, folded upon itself. Conduplicate, folded face to face in vernation. Come, scaly fruit of Coniferae. Confluent (fruits), formed of united carpels, ovaries, bracts, &c., of several flowers. Conidia, reproductive cells produced asexually (Bentley). Commate, when two usually distinct become joined. Connective, part intervening between anther-lobes. Commivent, having points turned inwards. Contorted, twisted (asstivation). Convolute, rolled up Cordate, heart-shaped (leaves). Coriaceous, leather-like. Corm, bulb-like base of stem (in monocotyl.). Cornute, horn-shaped. Corolla, the inner whorl of floral envelope. Corollifloral, having pet. stam. inserted in corolla tube. Corona, a cup-like or rayed process between stam, and corolla. * Cortez, the bark, outer layer. Corticolous, growing in cortex. Corymb, a raceme with flowers elevated to one level. Costa, the midrib. Costate, with one rib (leaves). Cotyledons, rudimentary leaves of embryo. Cremocarp, a fruit of 2 carpels face to face upon a common axis from which they hang when ripe. Cremate, with convex teeth (leaves). Crenulate, dimin. of crenate, 290 PHARMACISTs' PockeT-Book. Crispate, curled. Cruciate, cross-shapcd. Crustaceous, hard and brittle, resembling hoar-frost. Cryptogamia, having no true flowers. Culm, the stem in grasses. Cuneate, shaped like a wedge. Cupule, an acorn-cup. Cuspidate, tapering to a stiff point. Cuticle, the outer layer of epidermis. Cycle, the turn of a spiral in leaf orders. Cyme, a centripetal form of inflorescence. Cynarrhodum, -on, the hip of roses. Cypsela, a one-seeded, dry, indehis, fruit. Cystocarp, a spore-case of seaweeds. Cystoblast, syn. protoplasm. Cytogenesis, cell-development. Decamdrous, having ten stamens. Deciduous, shedding leaves annually. Declimate, bent downwards. Decompound, with compound divisions. Decumbent, lying on ground but rising at extremities. Decurrent, prolonged down the stem (leaves). Decussate, in pairs crossing alternately. Definite, constant, not exceeding twenty (stamens). Deflexed, bent downwards throughout length. Defoliation, falling of leaves. Degeneration, deficiency, reversion to lower form. Dehiscence, splitting into regular parts. Deliquescent, dissolving, dividing into irreg. branches. Deltoid, triangular. Dendritic, branched like a tree. Dentate, with sharp teeth pointing indefinitely (leaves). Denticulate, having small teeth. Derm, the inner living portion of bark. Denudate, hairy becoming naked. Deplanate, flattened. Determinate, definite. Dextrorse, turning to the right. Diadelphous, having stamens in two bundles. Dialysis, º of usually united parts. Diamdrous, having two stamens. Diaphanous, translucent. 291 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book, Diaphysis, unusual prolongation of inflorescence. Dichlamydeous, having both corolla and calyx. Dichotomous, forked. Diclesium, a small, dry, indehis. pericarp, with pericarp hard and adherent to carpel, and formg. part of shell. Diclinous, having stamens and pistil in separate flowers. Dicotyledonous, with two cotyledons. Did mous, in pairs. Didumamous, with four stamens, two long and two short. Digitate, having several leaflets arising from common point. Digynous, syncarpous, with two carpels. Dimerous, having two parts in whorl (flower). Dimorphous, having two ſorms of flower. Dioecious, with male and fem. flowers on separate plants. Dipetalous, having two petals. Diplostemonous, with twice as many stamens as petals. |''. an infer, capsule dehisng. by valves or pores. Discoid, with convex face. Discrete, separate, distinct. Disk, any organ between stamens and ovary. Dissepiment, part tions within a fruit. Distichous, in two opposite rows. Distractile, divided in two. Diraricate, straggling. Dorsiſized, adnate, with back attached throughout to fila- ment (anther). Dorsal, fixed upon the back. Drupe, succulent or fleshy fruit with hard-shelled seed. Drupel, dimin. of drupe. Duct, a tubular vessel in plant. Duramen, the heart-wood. E– signifies without, devoid of, as : Ebracteate, without bracts. Echinate, prickly. Elaters, elastic spiral threads associated with spores, &c. Elongation, undue lengthening of organs. Embryo, the rudimentary plant within seed. Emergences, prickes and some allicd structures. Enation, excessive development. Endocarp, lining o' carpel. Endocarpoid, having apothecia sunk. Endogenous, growing at centre. 292 PHARMACists' rock ET-Book. Endophloeum, the liber, inner layer of barks. Endopleura, innermost seed-coat. Endosmose, inward osmosis. Endospore, inner integument of spores. Endostome, opening in inner integument of ovule. Endothecium, lining of anther-lobe. Enneandrous, having nine stamens. Ensiform, broadsword-shaped. Entire, without marginal divisions. Entophytes, plants growing within others. Epanody, reversion of irreg. to regular form (flower). Epicalyz, a kind of involucre. Epicarp, outer layer of pericarp. Epidermis, the true skin. Epigeal, -acous, growing upon ground. Epigynous, appearing to rise from apex of ovary. Epipetalous, inserted on the petals. Epiphloëm, outer layer of bark. Epiphyllous, upon a leaf. - Epiphytes, plants growing on, not nourished by, others. Episperm, the coat of seed. Epispore, outer integument of spores. Erect, growing from base of ovary (ovules). Estivation, vide AEstivation. Etaerio, fruit formed of agglomerated drupes. Etiolated, blanched. Ez, signifies without, as : Ezalbuminous, having no albumen. Exasperate, covered with stiff points. Ezcurrent, central with regular lateral branches (stem). Erocarp, syn. epicarp. Erogenous, growing from outside (stems). *:::::". developed by direct elongation of radical root). rº. osmosis outwards. Exserted, projected from orifice. Ezstipulate, without stipules (leaves). Extine, outer integument of pollen-grain. Extrorse, turned outwards. Falcate, sickle-shaped. Farinaceous, resembling flour. Fasciated, flattened, 293 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Fascicle, tufts (leaves) inserted at common point. *...* a cymose, short-stalked flower forming a flat unch. Fastigiate, pointing upwards, nearly parallel. Fauz, the throat of monosep. calyx. Favose, honeycombed. Feathery, hairs themselves hairy. Fertile, capable of seed-bearing. Fibrils, root-hairs. Fibro-vascular, containing spiral fibres. Fid, cleft, as bifid. Filament, the anther-stalk. Filiform, thread-like. Fimbriated, fringed. Fissiparous, propagated by cell-division. Flabelliform, fan-shaped. Flagelliform, whip-shaped. Flexuose, wavy. Flocculose, woolly. Florets, the small flowers of Compositae. Foliaceous, leaf-like. Foliation, leaf formation. Folioles, leaflets. Follicle, fruit of one carpel, dehiscg. by ventral suture. Foramen, the aperture in foramen of ovules. Fovilla, fluid in pollen-grains. Frond, the leaf-like expansion of Ferns, Algae, &c. Frondescence, conversion of organs into leaves. Funiculus, the stalk of an ovule. Furcate, forked. Fusiform, spindle-shaped. Galbulus, a modified cone, rounder and scales enlarged. Galeate, helmet-shaped. Gamopetalous, having petals united Gamosepalous, having sepals united. Gemmation, budding. Geniculate, bent at a more or less obtuse angle. Genus, a group of allied species. Germination, the first act of growth of embryo Gibber, a sac at base of a floral envelope. Gibbous, having sacs or pouches. Flabrous, smooth, devoid of hairs, 29.4 PHARMACISTs' Pocker-Book. Glans, or Nut, an infer., hard, indehisc., one-celled, one- or two-seeded fruit from a two- or more-celled ovary. Globose, nearly spherical. Glochidiate, barbed in manner of a fishhook, Glomerule, a cymose inflores. o' globose form. Glume, scales at base of flowers of grasses. Gnomonical, bent at right angles. Grossification, swelling of ovary after impregnation. Grumous, clotted, in clustered grains. Gymnospermous, having naked ovules. Gynandrous, having stamens and pistils united. Gynobasic, having ovary imbedded in, and style apparently arising from thalamus. Gynaecium, the female portion of a flower. Gymophore, the stalk of an ovary. Gyrate, turning in a circular manner. Gyrose, marked with wavy lines. Habitat, the situation of a (wild) plant. Hairs, thread-like appendages of the epidermis. Haustorium, little rounded projections or suckers. Helicoid, twisted like a snail's shell or screw. Hemitropal, a modified anatropal (ovule) Heptandrous, having seven stamens. Herbs, plants having annual stems. Hermaphrodite, having both stamens and pistil (flowers). Hesperidium, a super, many-celled, indehisc. fruit (orange, &c ..). Heterodromous, following different directions. Heterophyllous, having different shapes of leaves on plant. Heterorhizal, having roots developing irregularly. Heterostyled, having two forms of male and female organs. Heterotazy, deviation of organs from ordinary posit on. Heterotropous, parallel with hilum (embryo). Hexapetalous, having six petals. Hilum, scar left by separation of seed from placenta, the point of attachment. Homocarpous, having all fruits alike (flower-head). Homodromous, following same direction. Homogamous, having all florets alike (capitulum). Homologous, of the same fundamental nature, as petals and leaves. Homotropous, lying in same direction as seed (embryo), 295 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. IIybrids, the oſspring of two species. Hydrophytes, plants living entirely in water. Hygrometric, sensitive to moisture. Hypanthodium, a fleshy receptacle enclosing flowers. Hypocrateriform, having long narrow tube with limb at right angles (flower). . Hypogatous, subterranean. Hypogynous, growing from beneath ovary. Hypophyllous, growing from inside of leaf. Imbricate, overlapped. Imparipinnate, pinnate terminatg. by single leaflet (leaves). Imarticulate, not jointed. Incanescent, of a hoary appearance. Included, shorter than corolla tube (stamens). Incrassate, thickened. Incumbent, having radicle ſolded on back of cotyledons. Incurvate, curved inwards. Indefinite, more than twenty (stamens). Indehiscent, not splitting when ripe (fruits). Induplicate, having margins folded inwards. Indusium, ring of hairs collecting pollen below stigma. Induviae, remains upon stem of decayed inarticulate leaves, Inferior, growing below another. Inflexed, bent inwards. Inflorescence, the arrangement of flowers upon stem. Infra-azillary, arising below the axil. Infrutescences, anthocarpous fruits. Infundibuliform, funnel-shaped. Inmate, adhering to apex. Inosculation, grafting. Intermode, the interval between nodes. Interpetiolar, situated in interval between petioles, Intime, inner lining of pollen-grains. Introrse, turned towards axis. Inverted, attached to top of ovary (ovules). Involucel, involucres at base of partial umbels. Involucre, a whorl of bracts surrounding flowers. Involute, rolled inwards. Irregular, having unequal petals. Isostemonous, having stamens and petals equal in number. Jointed, having, or appearing to have joints. Jugate, paired, as unjugate. 296 PHARMAcists' pocker-Book. Keel, vide Carina. Knobs, woody embryo buds on stems. Knots, broken ends of branches enveloped in woody growth. Labellum, the lower petal of orchid. Labiate, corolla (monopet.) with two unequal divisions. Labium, lower lip of labiate ſlower. Laciniate, fringed. Laciniolate, dim of Laciniate. Lacinula, the inflected point of petals of Umbelliferae. Lacuna, a space between cells. Lacunose, pitted, or containing cavities. Lamina, a leaf-blade; layers. Lanceolate, shaped like a lance-head. Lanuginose, covered with woolly hairs. Lateral, attached to the side. Later, the fluid in lation ferous vessels. Leaflets, the divisions of compa. leaves. Legume, a dehisc. two-valved carpel with seeds on vent. suture. Lenticels, prolongations externally of epiphloëm. Lentigimose, covered with spots appearing dusty. Lepidote, covered with small scurſy scales. Leprous, covered with mealy su stance. Liber, inner layer of bark of Exogens. Ligula, strap-shaped florets of Compositae. Ligulate, strap-like. Ligule, prolonged upper portion of sheath of grasses. Limb, the free upper part of a petal. Limitate, bounded by a distinct line. Linear, narrow with parallel sides (leaves). Linguiform, tongue-shaped. Lobate, divided into lºbes. Lobe, a rounded portion. Loculament, cavities on fruits or ovaries. Loculi, cavities in lobes of anthers. Loculicidal, dehisc by dorsal suture, or through backs of cells, dissepiments remaining undivided. Locusta, the partial infloresc. (spikelet) of grasses. Lomentum, legume contracted between each seed. Lophiostomate, having crested apertures. Lubricous, smooth, slippery. Lunate or lunulate, crescent-shaped. 297 PHARMACISTs. POCKET-Book. Lycotropous, orthotropous curved downwards (ovules). Lyrate, lyre-shaped; with upper lobes largest. Macropodous, having radicle longer than cotyledons. Macro signifies large; as macrophylline, having large or elongated leaflets. Male, bearing stamens only. Mamillae, granular prominences on pollen-grains. Mamillated, shaped like the mammaº. Manicate, covered with tangled hairs. Marcescent, persistent and of withered appearance. Marginate, having a distinctly textured border. Masked, labiate, but with lip closed (flowers). Mastoid, teat-like. Medulla, the pith of Exogens. Medullary rays, plates of tissue passing from pith to bark. Meiophylly, suppression of leaves in a whorl. Meiostemonous, stamens less in number than petals. Meiotary, suppression of a set of organs. Melanophyll, brown pigment in seaweeds, &c. Meniscoid, shaped like watch-glass. Mericarp, the component carpels of fruits of Umbelliferae. Merismatic, dividing by formation of internal septum. Meristem, paren hyma capable of dividing merismatically. Meros, a part, as: isomerous, having equal parts. Mesocarp, middle layer of pericarp. Mesophloëm, middle layer of bark. Mesophyll, the parenchyma within epidermis of leaves. Metamorphosis, change of one organ into another. Metastasis, passage of assimilated matter from originating cells to other parts. Microspores, small reproductive spores in pepperworts, &c. "...º. aperture in skin of seeds which was fo amen of ovule. Midrib, the large central vein of leaves. Monadelphous, having filaments united into tube. Momandrous, having one stamen. Moniliform, necklace-shaped. Monocarpous, fruiting once in life. Monochasial, unilateral, uniparous. Monochlamydeous, having one floral envelope. Monocotyledonous, having one cotyledon. Monodelphous, vide Monadelphous. 298 PHARMACists' Pocket-book. Monaecious, having male and female flowers on same plant. Momogynous, having one carpel, style, or stigma. Monopetalous, having petals united. Monophyllous, having one leaf. Monopodial, growing by a terminal bud (axis). Momosepalous, having sepals united. Momosis, isolation of an organ. Monospermous, one-seeded. Monostichous, in one row. Morphosis, mode of development. Monstrosity, deviation from ordinary structure. Mucedinous, mould-like. Mucronate, with sharp spine at apex. Multifid, many-cleft. Multifoliate, having more than seven leaflets. Multijugate, having many pairs of leaflets. Multilocular, having many cells (ovary). Multiovulate, having many ovules. Multiseptate, having many septa. Multispermous, many-seeded. Multivalvate, many-valved. Muricate, rough, with hard tubercles. Muriform, resembling courses of bricks. Muticous, destitute of a slender point. Napiform, turnip-shaped. Navicular, boat-shaped. Nectar, fluid secreted by nectariferous glands. Nephroideous, kidney-shaped. Nervation, arrangement of leaf-veins. Nervate, nerved, having veins. Nidulant, nestling, Node, point where leaf developes. Nodulose, necklace-shaped. Nucleate, having a nucleus. Nuculanium, fruit similar to berry but superior. Nut, syn. Glans. Obcordate, inversely cordate, apex broad (leaf). Oblique, unequal-sided. Oborate, inversely egg-shaped, apex broad (leaf). Obsolete, suppressed. Obtuse, blunt, rounded. 299 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Obvolute, with opposite margins alternately overlapping. 0crea, a membranous stipule sheathing stem. (/ctandrous, having eight stamens. Octastichous, forming spiral in eight (leaves round stem). Octofarious, in eight directions. Octo, eight, as: octosporous, having eight spores. Offset, a short thick runner bearing tufts of 1 aves at extremity. Oligandrous, having less than twenty stamiens. Omphalodium, centre of hilum. Oogomium, an ovarian sac contg. oospores. oophoridium, spore cases of Lycopodiaceae. opercular, when faces of anther op n like trap-doors. Opposite, arranged in pairs against each other. Orbicular, circular. Orthotropal, erect, foramen opposite hilum (nucleus). Ovary, lower portion of pistil contg. ovules. Ovate, egg-shaped. Ovule, the young seed, or seed-bud. Palate, projection of lower lip of masked corolla closing throat. Paleae or pales, chaffy inner scales of flowers of grasses. Palmate, having five lobes, veins from common centre. Palmatifid, palmately cleft. Panduriform, fiddle-shaped. Panicle, a branched raceme. Papiliomaceous, resembling a butterfly; like the pea-flower. Papillae, 1-celled secreting glands upon epidermis. Pappus, the coronate calyx of Compositae. Pappose, having a pappus. Parasitic, growing upon and nourished by another plant. Parenchyma, soft tissue consistg. of thin-walled cells. Parietal, attached to walls of ovary (placentas); by cell- division (growth). Paripinnate, equally pinnate. Partite, divided nearly to base. Patent, spreading. Patulous, divergent, spreading outwards. Pectinate, resembling a comb. Pedate, }*. with lateral portions again subdivided. * pedate, but lobe extending only half-way to midrib. 300 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Pedatipartite, pedate, with lobes nearly free. Pedatisected, pedate lobes extending nearly to midrib. Pedicel, a secondary peduncle. Peduncle, a flower-stalk. Peloria, a five-spurred flower. Peltate, attached at or about the centre. Pendulous, hanging down. Penicellate, fringed or tipped with pencil-like hairs. Pentandrous, having five stamens. Pentapterous, having five wings. - Pentastichous, forming spiral in five (leaves round stem). Pepo, an infer., one-celled, many seeded, fleshy or pulpy fruit. Percurrent, extending throughout entire length. Perennial, lasting several years and flowering annually. Perfect, containing seeds, fertilized (fruits). Perfoliate, amplexicaul, with basal lobes united (leaves). Perianth, the calyx and corolla combined (and both petaloid). Periblem, the intermediate layer of radicle. Pericarp, the covering or shell of fruits. Pericladium, sheathing membrns, stipules of Umbelliferae. Periclinium, the involucre of Compositae. Periderm, the corky layer of bark; the dead portion of bark. Perigynous, adhering to calyx and lateral to pistil. Periphery, outer cell-stratum of cylindrl. fronds. Perisperm, the albumen. Perispore the membrane surrounding a spore. Peritropal, axis perpendic. to axis of pericarp (seed). Personate, masked ; resembling a mouth. Petaloid, resembling petals. Petals, the corolla leaves. Petiole, stalk of a leaf. Petiolule, stalk of a leaflet. Phaenogamous, or phanerogamous, producing flowers. Phelloderma, syn. mesophloëm, green layer. Phellogen, a layer between epi- and mesophloëm. Phoranthium, the receptacle. Phragma (plu. Phragmata), horizontal false dissepiments. Phycocyan, blue pigment in seaweeds. Phycoerythrin, red pigment in seaweeds. Phyllodes (-odia), leaf-like petioles. Phyllone, syn. leaf. Phyllotazis, leaf-order on stem. Phyton, a rudimentary plant; a bud. 301 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Pileorhiza, the root-cap. Pilose, hairy. Pinnae, leaflets of pinnate leaves. Pinnate, resembling a feather (div. to midrib), (leaves). Pinnat fil, pinnate, only half-way divided to midrib. Pinnatipartite, pinnate lobes almost free. Pinnatisect, pinnate div. nearly to midrib. Pinnulae, the secondary divisions of pinnate leaves. Pistil, the female organ of flowering plants. Placenta, internal projections of ovary bearing ovules. Plicate, plaited in fan-like folds. Plumule, rudimentary bud of embryo. Pod, syn. Legume. Pollen, the fertilising powder of anthers. Poly, signifies many, as: Polyadelphous, with stamens in many bundles. Polyandrous, having more than 20 stamens. Polycarpous, with many separate fruits or carpels. Polycotyledonous, with more than two carpels. Polygamous, with male, female, and hermaph, flwrs. on same plant. Pome, an infer, indehisc., two or more celled, few-seeded, fleshy fruit. Premorse, abrupt, as if bitten off (leaves). Primine, outer coat of ovules. Procumbent, lying flat on ground. Proliferous, with unusual development of parts. Prosenchyma, tissue consistg. of elongated pointed cells. Pubescent, downy. Pulvinus, cushion at base of some leaves. Putamen, hard stone in certain fruits. Pyzis, a capsule dehiscg. transversely. Quadrifoliate, with four leaflets diverg. from point. Quadrijugate, compound with four pairs leaflets. Quadrinate, syn. Quadrifoliate. Quincuncial, two exterior, two interior, one half exter., half inter. (parts in aestivatn.). Raceme, a spike with flowers stalked. Rachis, axis of inflorescence. Radical, springing from root. Radicle, the embryo root. Raphe, nutritive cord between nucleus and placenta. 302 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. Raphides, inorganic crystals in plant-cells. Receptacle, a support to organs. Reclimate, bent downwards. Recurved, bent backwards. Reduplicate, valvate arrangement, margins refixd. Gº Regma, capsule with carpels dehisc. separately and wit elasticity. Reniform, kidney-shaped. Reliquite, syn. Induviae. Retrorse, directed backward. Retuse, obtuse, with notch in middle (leaves). Revolute, rolled backwards. Rhizome, prostrate stem, bearing leaves and rootlets. Ringent, labiate, with wide lips (corolla). Root, the descending axis of plant. Rostrate, terminating in a beak. Rotate, with tube short and limb spreading (mon. pet, corolla). Rumcinate, with backward-pointing teeth. Runner, a slender prostrate stem rooting and budding at nodes. Rupturing, dehisc. irregularly. Saccate, Sacciform, bag-shap d. Sagittate, like arrowhead. Samara, a super, winged, indehis. fruit. Sarcocarp, a fleshy mesocarp. Sarcoderm, a portion of outer integument of seeds. Scalariform, barred or striated. Scales, metamorphosed or rudimentary leaves. Scape, a long, naked, radical peduncle. Scarious, thin, dry, and shrivelled. Schizocarps, with carpels separ, without opening (fruits). Sclerenchyma, parenchyma with thickened cells. Scorpioid, rolled in a circinnate manner. Sectile, cut into small pieces. Semi-signifies half. Serrate, toothed like a saw. Setae, bristly stiff hairs. Setaceous, bristle-shaped. Sheath, vide Vagina. Silicula, a broad and short siliqua. Siliqua, a long pod with two valves dehisc. from below upwards, and leaving a replum. 303 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Sinistrorse, twining towards the left. Sinuate, having a waved margin. Soboles, a slender subterranean rhizome. Sorosis, a collective fleshy fruit from many flowers. Spadiz, a succulent spike (within a spathe). Spathe, a large bract enclosing an inflorescence. Spathulate, spoon-shaped. Spermatozoids, thread-like motile reproductive bodies of cryptogams. rm, the skin of a seed. Sphalerocarpium, a fruit consisting of a naked seed in a cuº. Spike, an inflores. of sessile flowers on elongated axis. Spine, a modified branch (pointed). Sporangium, a spore-case. Spores, reproductive organs of cryptogams. Squamous, scaly. Stamens, male organs of flowers. Standard, the vexillum of papil. corolla. Stigma, portion of carpel to which pollen adheres. Stipels, stipules attached to leaflets. Stipellate, having stipels. Stipitate, stalked. Stipe, petiole of fern. Stipules, leaflike appendages at base of pºtiole. Stolom, a trailing and rooting branch. Stoma (plur. ata), breathing apertures in epidermis. Strobilus, a spike of scales bearing pistillt. flowers at their bases. Strophioles, small irreg. protuberances found on testa. Style, the prolongation of ovary bearing stigma. Stylopodium, fleshy disc carrying styles (Umbellif). Sub-as a prefix signifies almost. Suberous, corky. Subulate, awl-shaped. Superior, placed above and free of. supervolute, rolled in on itself (vernation). Surculus, a sucker, an upright shoot from subterr. stem. Suspended, attached between apex and base of ovary (ovules). Suspensor, cord suspending embryo from foramen. Suture, a line of Junction. Syconus, succulent receptacle enclosing fruits (as in fig). Syncarpous, having carpels cohering. 304 PHARMACists' pockeT-Book. Syngenesious, having anthers united into a tube. Synocreate, uniting to form a sheath round stem (stipules). Tap-root, a simple conical root with branches. men, the inner seed-coat. Tendril, a thread-like, leafless, spiral branch. Terminal, proceeding from the end. Ternate, arranged in threes. Testa, the external skin of a seed. Tetradynamous, with six stamens, four long in pairs, one short pair. - Tetragonal, having four pts. in the whorls. Tetramerous (flower), with tetragonal symmetry. - Thalamifloral, having petals and stamens inserted on thalamus. Thalamus, the receptacle of a flower. Thorn, syn. Spine. Thyrse (or -us), branched panicle formg. pyram. cluster. Tomentose, with short hairs. Torus, syn. Receptacle or Thalamus, Trachede, or Trachenchyma, spiral vessels. Tri-signifies three, as : — Trichotomous, dividing in three. Trichomes, syn. Hairs. Tricostate, three-ribbed. Trifoliate, ternate; of three leaflets. Trigonal, having three parts in the whorl. #. triangular with convex faces (stems). ilocular, having three cells in ovary. Trimerous (flower), having trigonal symmetry. Tristichous, arranged in three ranks (laves). Truncate, terminating abruptly. Tryma, a -super., one-celled, one-seeded, indehis. frt., re- sembling a drupe, but formed from compd. ovary. Tuber, a swollen portion of underground stem. Tubercle, enlarged oval or rounded portns. of root. Umbel, inflores. with pedicels all proceeding from top of peduncle. Umbellule, a secondary umbel. Uncinate, hooked. Unguiculate, having an unguis. Unguis, the narrow portion (stalk) of a petal. 305 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. Uni- signifies one, as: Unilocular, having one division (ovary). Uovili, embryo-buds of the olive. Urceolate, monopet, pitcher-shaped (corolla). Utricle, a super, one-celled, few-seeded fruit. Wagina, sheath formed by petiole around stem. Vaginal, relating to the stipule. Valvate, united only by margins. Valves, portions detaching by definite dehiscence. Wenation, arrangement of veins in leaves. Verrucose, covered with warts. Versatile, freely swinging. Verticel, a whorl; -ate, having whorls. Verticellaster, a variety of cyme as in Lamium album. Vezillum, the erect petal (standard) in papill. corolla. Vittae, canals contg. oil in fruit-coat of Umbellif. Wolute, rolled up. Wart, a solid glandular excrescence on epidermis. Whorl, a circle of leaves, &c., around a stem. Xylocarp, a hard woody fruit. Zones, concentric bands. 306 PHARMACists' pocket-Book. LIST OF LATIN TERMS AND TECHNICAL PHRASES USED IN WRITING PRESCRIP- TIONS, WITH THEIR ABBREVIATIONS. The parts omitted when abbreviated are given in italics. (Adapted from Remington's Practice of Chemistry.) A, dà, Of each. Abdomen, The belly. Absente febre, In absence of fever. Accurate, Accurately. Ad, To, up to. Adduas vices, At twice taking. Ad secundum vicem, To the second time. Ad tertiam vicem, To the third time. Adde, Add. addantur, Let added. addendus, To be added. addendo, By adding. Ad defectionem animi, To fainting. Ad gratam aciditatem, To agreeable sourness. them be Adhibendus, To be ad- ministered. , Adjacent. Adlibitum, At pleasure. Admove, Apply. admoveatur, Letit be applied. admoveantur, Let them be applied. Adstante febre, When fever is on. Adversum, Against. Aggrediente febre, While fever is coming on. Agitato vase, The vial being shaken. Aliquot, Some. Alter, The other. Alternis horis, hour. Altimo (or -a) praescripta, The last ordered. Aluta, Leather. Alvo adstricta, Bowels being confined. Alvus, The belly. Amplus, Large. Ana, Of each. Ana, Together. Aqua, Water. Aqua astricta, Frozen water. Aqua bulliens, Boiling water. Aqua communis, Common water. Aqua fervens, Hot water. Aqua fluviatilis, River water. A}. fontalis, Spring water. Every other 307 PHARMACISTs. POCKET-Book. Aqua marina, Sea water. Aqua nivalis, Snow water. Aqua pluvialis, Rain water. Aut, Or. Balneum Arenae, Sand bath. Balnium Mariae, or Maris, Salt-water bath. Balneum Vaporosum, or Wa- poris, Vapour bath. Balsamum, Balsam. Barbadensis (B.B., Barbadoes. Bene, Well. Bibe, Drink. Biduum, Two days. Bis, Twice. Bis in die, Twice a day. Bis indies, Twice a day. Bolus. A large pill. Bulliat, bulliant, let boil. Butyrum, Butter. Caeruleus, Blue. Calefactus, Warmed. B.B.S.), Calomel, Mild chlord. of mercury. Calomelas, Ditto. Capiat, Let him (her) take. Caute, Cautiously. Charta, Paper. Chartula, Small paper. Cibus, Food. [spoonful. Cochlear, or Cochleare, A Cochleatim, By spoonfuls. Cochleare amplum, A table- spoonful. Cochleare magnum, A large spoonful (; fl. 3). Cochleare medium, or modi- cum. A dessertspoonful (2 º, Cochleare parvum, A tea- spoonful (1 fl. 5). Coctio, Boiling. Cola, Strain. Colaturae, To, or of, the strained liquor. Colatus, Strained. Coletur, Let it be strained. Colentur, Let them be strained. Collutorium, A mouth wash. Collyrium, An eye-wash. Coloretur, Let it be coloured. Compositus, Compounded. Concisus, Cut. Confectio, A confection. Congius, A gallon. Conserva, A conserve, keep (thou). Continuantur remedia, Let the medicines be continued. Contusus, Bruised. Coque, Boil. coquantur, Let them be boiled. Coque ad medietatis consump- tionem, Boil to the consump- tion of half. Coque secundum artem, Coq. S.A., Boil according to art. Coque in sufficiente quantitate aquae, Coq. in S.A., Boil in sufficient water. Cor (gen, cordis), The heart, Cortez, The bark. Coxa, The hip, Cras, Crastinus, To-morrow. Cras mane sumendus, To be taken to-morrow morning. Cras nocte, To-morrow night. Cras vespere, To-morrow even- ing. Crastinus, For to-morrow early. Cujus, Cujus-libet, Of which, of any. Cum, With. also x 2 308 PHARMACISTs P0CKET-BOOK. - Cyatho thea, tea. - - Cyathus, or Cyathus Vinarius, Wineglass (1–2 fl. 3). Da. Give. detur, Let be given. De, Of, from. Deaurentur pilulae, Let the pills be gilt, Debita spissitudo, A proper consistency. Debitus, Due, proper. Decanta, Pour off. Decem, decimus, tenth. Decoctum, A decoction. Decubitus, Lying down. De die in diem, From day to day. Dein, Thereupon. Deglutiatur, May or let be swallowed. Dejectiones alvi, Stools. Detur in duplo, Let twice as much be given. Dexter, dextra, The right. Diebus altermis, Every other In a cup of Ten, the day. - Diebus tertiis, Every third day. Diluculo, At day-break. Dilue, Dilutus, Dilute (thou), diluted. Dimidius, One half. Directione propriſi (D.P.), With a proper direction. Dividatur in partes a quales, Let it be divided in equal parts. Dividendus, -a, -um, To be di- vided. Dolor, Pain. Donec, Until. Donec alvus bis deficiatur, Until bowels have been twice evacuated. Donec alvus soluta fuerit, Until the bowels shall be opened. Donec dolor nephriticus exu- laverit, Until the nephritic pain is removed. Dose, A dose. Durante dolore, pain lasts. While the Eadem (fem.), The same. Eburneus, Made of ivory. Edulcorata, Edulcorated. Ejusdem, Of the same. Electuarium, An electuary. Emesis, Vomiting. Enema (plu. -ata), An enema, a clyster. Evanuerit, Shall have dis- appeared. Exhibeatur, Let it be ex- hibited. Extende, Spread. Extende super alutam mollem, Spread thou upon soft leather. Extractum, An extract. Fac; Fiat. Fiant (F, Ft.), Make; let it, let them be made. Fac pilulas duodecim, Make 12 pills. Farina, Flour. Fasciculus, A bundle that can be carried under the arin. Febre durante, During the fever, 309 PHARMACists' POCKET-BOOK. Femoribus internis, To inner parts of thighs. Fervens, Boiling. Fiat (Ft.), Make. Ft. cataplasma, Make a poul- ice. Ft. ceratum, Make a cerate. Ft. chartulae xii, Make 12 wders. Ft. collyrium, Make an eye- wash. Ft. confectio, Make a con- fection. Ft. electuarium, electuary. Ft. emplastrum 6 × 4, Make a plaster 6 in. by 4 in. Ft. emplastrum epis- pasticum, Ft. emp. vesicato- Make an Make a blister. rºum, Ft. emulsio, Make an emul- sion. Ft. enema, Make an injection (for rectum). Ft. gargarisma, Make a gargle. Ft. haustus, Make a draught. Ft. infusum, Make an infu- Sion. Ft. injectio, Make an injection (for rectum). Ft. lege artis (F.L.A.), Let it be made by the rules of the art. Ft. linimentum, Make a lini- ment. Ft. massa, Make a mass. Ft. massa (et) divide in pilulas xii, Ft. massa in pilulas xii dividenda, Ft. pilulae xii, Ft, mistura, Make a mixture. Make 12 pills. Ft. pulvis, Make a powder. # lº xii, t. pulvis et divide in chartulas xii, Make 12 Ft. pulvis in chartu- las xii dividenda, Ft. secundum artis regulas (F.S.A.R.), Let it be made according to the rules of the art. Ft. solutio, Make a solution. powders. Ft. suppositorium, Make a suppository. Ft. suppositoria iv, Make 4 suppositories. Ft. trochisci xxiv, Make 24 lozenges. Ft. unguentum, Make an oint- ment. Ft. venæsectio, Bleed. Fictilis, Earthen. Filtra, Filter thou. Filtram, Filtrum, A filter. Fistula armata, A syringe fitted for use. Fluidus, Liquid. Formula, A prescription. Frustillatim, In little pieces. Fuerit, Shall have been. Gargarisma, A gargle. º quavis, In any kind of elly. Gºlm, By degrees, gradu- ally. Grana sex pondere, 6 gr, by weight. Granum, Grain. Grana, grains, Gratus, Pleasant. Gutta (Gtt.), A drop Guttae (Gtt.), Drops. Guttatüm, By drops. 310 PharMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Guttis quibusdam, With a few drops. Harum pilularum sumantur tres (iii), Let 3 of these pills be taken. Haustus, A draught. Haustus purgans noster (H.p.m.), A purge draught made according to a practi- tioner's own formula. Hemdonnada, A week. Herba, An herb. Heri, Yesterday. Hic, Haec, Hoc, This. - Hirudo, A leech. Hora (H.), An hour. Horá somni (H.S.), Just before sleep, or on retiring to rest. Horā undecimā matutina, At the eleventh hour of the morning. Horá decubitſis (H.D.), At the hour of going to bed. Horae unius spatio, At the ex- piration of an hour. Horiis intermediis, In the in- termediate hours. Idem, The same. Idoneus, Proper. Imprimis, First. Incide, Incisus, being cut. Indies, Daily, from day to day. Infunde, Pour in. Infusum, An infusion. Injectio, An injection. Injiciaturenema, Let a clyster be given. In pulmento, In gruel. Instar, As big as. Inter, Between. Internus, Inner. Cut (thou), Jam, Now. Julepus, Julepum, Julapium, Ajulep, Jusculum, A broth. Juxta, Near to. Kali praeparatum, Prepared kali. Pot. carb. or bicarb. Lac, Milk. Lana, Flannel. Languor, Faintness. Lateri dolenti, To the side that is painful. Lectus, A bed. Linimentum, A liniment. Linteum, Lint. Liquor, A solution. Lotio, A lotion. Macera, Macerate. Magnus, Large. Mane, Mane primo, In the morning, very early in the morning. Manipulus, A handful. Manus, The hand. Massa, Massapilularis, A mass. a pill mass. Matutinus, In the morning. Medius, Middle. Mensura, By measure. Mica panis, Bread crumb. Minimum (m), A minim. Minutum, A minute. Misce, Mix. Mistura, A mixture. Mitte, Mittatur, Mittantur, Send, let it (them) be sent. Modicus, Middle-sized. Modo praescripto, In the man- ner prescribed. Mora, Delay. 3.11 PHARMACISTs' POCKET-BOOK. More dictu, More solito, In the manner directed, in the usual manner. Mortarium, A mortar. Ne tradas sine nummo, Ilo not deliver it unless paid. Necnon, Also. Nisi, Unless. Non, Not. Nox, noctis, Night. Nueha, Nape of neck. Numerus (No.), Number. Nux Moschata, A nutmeg. Octarius, A pint. Octavus, Eighth. Octo, Eight. Oleum lini sine igne, Cold- drawn linseed oil. Oleum oliva optimum(0.0.0), Best olive oil. - Omni hord, Every hour. Omni bihorio, very two hours. Onni quadrante hore, Every 4 hour. - Omni mane, Every morning. Omni nocte, Every night. Opus, Need, occasion. Ovum, An ºgg. Pannus, A rag. Pars, partes, A part. Partes a quales, Equal parts. Partitis vicibus, In divided doses. Parvulus, An infant. Coch. parvulum, A teaspoon- ful. Parvus, Little. Pastillus, pastillum, ball of paste. Pediluvium, A foot-bath. A little Per, Through, by. Peractā operatio emetici, When the operation of the emetic is finished. Per deliquium, By delique- scence. Pergo, pergere, To go on with. Phiala prius agitata (P.P.A.), The bottle having been first shaken. Pilula, A pill. Poculum, A cup. Pocillum, A little cup. Pondere, By weight. Pondus civile, Civil weight (Av.). Pondus medicinale, Medicinal weight (Ap.). Pone aurem, Behind the ear. Post singulas sedes liquidas, After every loose stool. Potus, Drink. Praeparata, Prepared. Primo mane, Very early in the morning. Primus, The first. Pro, For. Pro ratione aetatis, According to age. Pro re nata, Occasionally. Pugillus, A pinch. Pulvis, pulverizatus, A pow- der, powdered. Pyxis, A pill-box. Quantum libet, Q. placet, Q. vis, Q. volueris, As much as you please. Q. sufficiat, Q. satis, As much as is sufficient. Quâquà horá, Each hour. Quaque (Q. Q.), Each, every, Quaque hora, Each hour, 312 PHARMACISTs' POCRET-BOOK. uartus, Fourth. uater, Four times. juatuor, Four. uibus, From which. uinque, Five uintus, The fifth. uoque (Q. Q.). Also. luorum, Of which. luotidie, Daily. : i Ratio, Proportion. Recens, Fresh. Recipe (B), Take. Redactus in pulverem, Re- digatur in pulverem, Let it be reduced to powder. Regio umbilici, The umbilical region. Reliquus, Remaining. Repetatur, repetantur (Rept.), Let it be repeated, let them be repeated. Respondere, To answer. Retinere, To keep. Saltem, At least. Scatala, A box. Scilicet, Namely. Secundem artem (S.A.), Ac- cording to art. S. naturam (S.N.), According to nature. Secundus, Second. Sedes, The alvine evacuations, Semel, Once. Semis (Ss.), A half. Semidrachma, Half a drachm. Semihora, Half an hour. Septem, Seven. Septimana, A week. Sescuncia, Anounce and a half. Sesquihora, An hour and a half. - Sex, Six. Sextus, Sixth. Si, If. Sigma, Mark thou. Signetur nomine proprio, Let it be written upon with a proper (not trade) name. Simul, Together. Sine, Without. Singulorum (-arum), Of each. Simon valeat, If it does not answer. Si opus sit, If necessary. Si vires permittant, if strength will permit. Sit, Let it be. Solus, Alone. Solve, Dissolve. Solvo, -ere, -utus, To dissolve, dissolved. Somnus, Sleep. Spiritus vinosus, Ardent spirit. Statim, Immediately. Stet, stent, Let it (them) stand. Stratum super stratum (S.S.S.), Layer upon layer. Subactus, Subdued. Sub finem coctionis, When the boiling is nearly finished. Subinde, Frequently. Sumat talem, Let patient take one like this. Sume, Sumat, Sumantur. Sumendus, Take thou, let him take, let it be taken, let them be taken, to be taken. Summitates, Summits or tops. Superbibendo haustum, Drink- ing afterwards the draught. Supra, Above. Tabella, A lozenge, Talis, Such a one, 313 PHARMACists’ POCKET-BOOK. Tempori dextro, To the right temple. - Tempus (gen. -oris), Time or temple. Ter, Three times. Ter in die, Three times a day. Tere, Rub. Tero, I rub. Tertius, Third. Tinctura, Tincture. Tres, Three. Triduum, Three days. Tritura, Triturate. Trochisci, Lozenges. Tussis, A cough. Uncia, An ounce. Ut dictum, As directed. Utendum, To be used. Uto, uti, To make use of. Was vitreum, A glass vessel. Vehiculum, A vehicle. Vel, Or. Venaesectio brachii, Bleeding in the arm. Vesper, vesperis, ing. Vices, Turns. Wires, Strength. Witellus, Yolk. Witello ovi solutus, Dissolved in yolk of an egg. Vitreum, vitrum, Glass. Vomitione urgente, The vomiting being troublesome. The even- 314 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. A GLOSSARY OF THE CHIEF LATIN WORDS USED IN MEDICINE OR PHAR- MACY. D. = declension, C. = conjugation, tr. = transitive, intr. = intransitive, gov. = governs or is ſol- lowed by, mas. = masculine, fem. =: feminine, neut. = neuter, comp. = comparative, superl. = superlative, part. = participle. The student will observe that the words and constructions are in many instances not classical Latin. A, ab, or abs, by, from (gov.abl.). Aa, āna, of each (indeclinable). Abdomen, Inis, neut., 3rd D., the belly, abdomen. Abéð, ii, Itum, ire, 4th C., intr., to go away. Absolvo, vi, litum, vére, 3rd C., tr., to set free. Absºlue, without (gov.abl.). Absum, fui, esse, pres, part. absens, irreg., intr., to be absent. Ac, and. Acácià, ar, fem., 1st D., the, am, acacia. Accidit, impers. (from accido, cidi, Čre, 3rd C., intr.), it – happens. Acér, acris, acre, sharp. Acerrimus, i, um (superl. of acer), sharpest. Ācetas, fitis, mas., 3rd D., the, an acetate. Ācetum, i, neut., 2nd D., vinegar. Aciditas, âtis, fem., 3rd D., sourmess, acidity. Acidum, i, neut., 2nd D., an acid. Acidus, a, um, acid. Acús, is, dat. and all. plu. iibus, fem., 4th D., the, a, needle. Ad, to (gov. acc.). Addo, didi, dºtum, dēre, 3rd C., tr., to add. Adéo, ivi (ii), Itum, ire, 4th C., to approach. Adeps, adipis, mas., 3rd D., lard. Adhibéo, ui, Itum, 2nd C., tr., to use. Admüvéo, movi, motum, véré, 2nd C., to apply. Adstringo (Astr.), nsi, ictum, ingére, 3rd C., tr., to bind. Adsum, affili, adesse, irreg., intr-, to be present. 315 PHARMACISTs' POCKET-Book. Adversus (um), against (gov. acc.). AEger, a gra, a grum, sick (the patient). Aér, ſićris, acc. iśra or āérem, mas., 3rd I)., the air. AEstas, atis, fem., 3rd D., the, a, summer. AEther, éris, acc. asthérá or aethèrem, mas., 3rd D., ether. Affectſ, avi, atum, àre, 1st C., tr., to affect. Afficio, feci, fectum, ficere, 3rd C., tr., to affect, touch. Affectus, a, um (part. from afficio), affected. Agér, gri, mas., 2nd D., a field. Aggrédior, essus sum, i (3rd C. depont.), to come on. Agitätus, à, um, shaken. Ago, egi, actum, Čre, 3rd C., to do, act. Albus, a, um, white. Aliquis, quâ, quid, some one. Alfüs, alia, aliud, gen. alius, another. Alniis, i, fem., 2nd D., the, am, alder. Alöé, és, fem., acc. oën, dat. and abl. oë, 1st D., the, am, aloe, Altér, era, erum, gen. iiis, one of two. Altior, Öris, neut. altius º of altus), higher. Altissimus, a, um (superl. of altus), highest. Alümén, Inis, neut., 3rd D., alum. Alūta, ae, fem., 1st D., leather. Alviis, i, fem., 2nd D., the, a, belly. Ambö, as, Ö, both. Ammoniã, as, fem., 1st D., ammonia. Amö, ävi, atum, àre, 1st C., tr., to love, like. Ampliis, a, um, full. Amygdălă, as, fem., 1st D., the, am, almond (in pharm.); um, i, neut., 2nd D. (classical); us, i, mas., 2nd I). (the, am, almond tree, Linné). Amylum (on), i, neut., 2nd D., starch. An, whether (in questions). Animál alis, neut., 3rd D., the, am, animal. Annus, i, mas., 2nd D., the, a, year. Ante, before (gov. acc.). Antimonium, ſi, nent., 2nd D., antimony. Apériens, entis (part. from ipêrſo), opening. Apis, ſs, fem., 3rd D., the, a, lee. Applicº, avi (ui), ātum, fire, 1st C., to apply. Apūd, near, at (gov, acc.). 316 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. Aquà, a , fem., 1st D., water. Aquêsis, é, um, watery, aqueous. Argentum, i, neut., 2nd D., silver. Argentāls, a, um, made of silver, silvery. Aromâticiis, i, um, aromatic. Ars, artis, fem., 3rd D., the, am, art. Arsenias, âtis, mas., 3rd D., the, am, arsemiate. Asellis, i, mas., 2nd D., the, a, codfish. Aspér, a, um, rough. Ater, atra, atrum, black. Auctor, Öris, mas., 3rd D., the, am, author. Audax, acis, bold. Audéð, ausus sum, ere, 2nd C. (semi-depont.), to dare. Audio, ivi, Itum, ire, 4th C., tr., to hear. Aurantium, ii, neut., 2nd D., the, an, orange. Aurátīs, a, um, golden. Auris, is, fem., 3rd D., the, am, ear. Aurum, i, neut., 2nd D., gold. Aut, or. Avis, is, fem., 3rd D., the, a, bird. Balněum, Či, neut., 2nd D., the, a, bath. Barbadensis, é, appertaining to Barbadoes. Bénē, well. Benzúas, atis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, benzoate. Bibó, bibi, bibëre, 3rd C., tr., to drink. Bicarbónas, atis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, bicarbonate. Bis, twice. Böniis, a, um, good. Bös, būvis, mas., irr. D., the, an, oz. Böviniis, a, um, of an or. Brăchium, ii, neut., 2nd D., the, am, arm. Brévis, e, short. Buchu, indecl., buchu. Bullio, Ivi, itum, ire, 4th C., to boil. Cetărus (cet), ā, um, the other. Calcár, firis, neut., 3rd D., a spur. Călidiis, a, um, warm. Cálómelas, gen. Anºs, dat. fini, abl. ane, acc. iná, mas., 3rd D. (also neut. indecl.), calomel. Câlûr, Öris, mas., 3rd D., heat. 317 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Calumbá, as, fem., 1st D., Calumba. Calx, leis, fem., 3rd D., lime. Camphorá, as, fem., 1st D., camphor. Canthāris, idis, fem., 3rd D., the blistering beetle. Capillus, i, mas., 2nd D., a hair. Cápió, cépi, captum, capéré, 3rd C., tr., to take. Caput, itis, neut., 3rd D., the, a, head. Carbo, Únis, mas., 3rd D., carbon. Carbónas, atis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, carbonate. Cardamomum, i, neut., 2nd D., cardamom. Cascărillá, ae, fem., 1st D., cascarilla. Cassiń, as, fem., 1st D., cassia. Castānéâ, as, fem., 1st D., chestnut. Cătaplasmä, ätis, neut., 3rd D., the, a, cataplasm, poultice. Catechu, indecl., catechu. Causá, as, fem., 1st D., the, a, cause. Célér, &ris, éré, swift. Céra, as, fem., 1st D., war. Cérátum, i, neut., 2nd D., the, a, cerate. Chartà, as, fem., 1st D., the, a, paper (i. e. powder). Chartüla, aº, fem., 1st D., a powder. Chloras, atis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, chlorate. Chloricus, a, um, chloric. Chloroformum, i, neut., 2nd D., chloroform. Cinchóna, as, fem., 1st D., cinchoma. Cinnamómum, i, neut., 2nd D., cinnamon. Circă, circum, around (gov. acc.). Circitér, about (gov. acc.). Cis, citrā, on this side of (gov. acc.). Citras, atis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, citrate. Citricus, a, um, citric. Clam, secretly, without the knowledge of (gov. acc. and abl.). Claudd, clausi, clausum, Čre, 3rd C., tr., to close. Cochléâre, is, neut., 3rd D., the, a, spoon. Coena, as, fem., 1st D., supper. Coend, fivi, and ātus sum, àre, 1st C., intr., to have supper, sup. Coepi, defectw. verb, with perf. tenses, I have begun. Colchicum, i, neut., 2nd D., colchicum. Collyrium, ii, neut., 2nd D., the, am, eye-lotion. Cölö, ävi, fitum, fire, 1st C., tr., to strain. Cölö, cólui, cultum, &re, 3rd C., tr., to cultivate. Colocynthis, idis, fem, 3rd D., colocynth. 3.18 PHARMACists' pocket-Book. Cölðr, Öris, mas., 3rd D., colour. Colóro, äre, 1st C., tr., to colour. Communis, e, commºn. Compositus, a, um, compounded. Concido, cidi, cisum, ºre, 3rd C., tr., to slice, cut up. Concido, idi, cidºre, 3rd C., intr., to fall down. Condó, didi, Itum, Čre, 3rd C., tr., to build. Confectio, önis, fem., 3rd D., the, a, confection. Congitis, ſi, mas., 2nd D., a gallon. Cönor, firis, fitus sum, àri (deponent), to attempt. Conservā, ae, fem., 1st D., the, a, conserve. Conservā is 2nd pers. imper. ma. of conservo. Conservo, ävi, fitum, are, 1st C., tr., to keep. Constö, stitſ, statum, stare, 1st C., intr., to stand still º impers., it is acknowledged, gov. acc. and n1. ). Contrá, against, contrary to (gov. acc.). Contundº, túdi, tüsum, tundére, 3rd C., tr., to bruise. Convälesco, lùi, scère, 3rd C., inceptv., to recover health. Cöpſá, as, fem., 1st D., plenty. Cöquê, coxi, coctum, uéré, 3rd C., tr., to boil, cook. Cor, dis, neut., 3rd I)., the heart. Cöram, in the presence of (gov.abl.). Cornii, iis, neut., 4th D., the, a, horm. Corpüs, Öris, neut., 3rd D., the, a, body. Corrigo, rexi, rectum, rigère, 3rd C., tr., to correct. Cortex, icis, mas. or fem., 3rd D., bark. Crås, to-morrow. Créta, as, fem., 1st D., chalk. Coxa, as, fem., 1st D., the hip. Crüs, crüris, neut., 3rd D., the, a, leg. Crystalliis, i, mas., 2nd D., the, a, crystal. Cúbicúlum, i, neut., 2nd D., the, a, bedroom. Cúbó, úi, itum, àre, 1st C., intr., to lie down (cubitum ire, to lie asleep). Cùjus, A, um, whose? of which. Cum, with (gov.abl.). Cuprum, i, neut., 2nd D., copper. Cúró, avi, atum, àre, 1st C., tr., to cure. Currö, cticurri, cursum, currère, 3rd C., intr-, to run. Cursó, úvi, fitum, fire (frequent. verb), to run. Cusso, indecl., cusso, kousso. Cyåthūs, i, mas., 2nd D. the, a, cup, wineglass. 3.19 PHARMACISTS' PockFT-300K. Dare, infin. from do. De, from, concerning (gov.abl.). Décèt, iiit, ere, 2nd C., impers., it is seemly. Décoctum, i, neut, 2nd D., the, a, decoction. Dédécèt, dēdécilit, dedēcére, 2nd C., impers., it is unseemly. Déférô, detúli, delàtum, déferré, irreg tr., to hand over, entrust (gov. dat. of person, acc. of thing). Déinde, then, meat. Dělectiit, impers., it pleases. Dělecto, ävi, atum, àre, 1st C., tr., to please. Dēligö, ävi, atum, fire, 1st C., tr., to bind. Déligº, délégi, délectum, déligéré, 3rd C., tr., to select, choose. Dens, dentis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, tooth. Destillātio, Únis, fem., 3rd D., distillation, from Destillö, ävi, atum, àre, 1st C., tr., to distil. Désum, défüi, déesse, irreg., intr., to be wanting. Dextér, Grä, örum (and trä, trum), right, as opposed to left. Dicó, dixi, dictum, dictºre, 3rd C., tr., to call, say. Diés, Ei, mas. and fem., 5th D., the, a, day. Difficilis, é, difficult. Digitiis, i, mas., 2nd D., a finger, digit. Digné, worthily. Digniór, Öris, comp. of dignus, more worthy. Dignus, a, um, worthy. Dimſdius, a, um, half (um, i, neut., 2nd D., the, a, half). Dirigö, direxi, directum, ere, 3rd C., tr., to direct. Dissimilis, é, unlike. Disulphas, atis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, disulphate, bisulphate. Ditièr, Öris, richer, comp. from dives. Ditissimus, #, um, richest, superl. from dives. Divid), visi, visum, dēre, 3rd C., tr., to divide. Dö, dédi, datum, dàre, 1st C., tr., to give. Döcöö, döcü, doctum, Ére, 2nd C., tr., to teach. Dölöö, üi, Itum lere, 2nd C., intr., to feel pain. Dölðr, Öris, mas., 3rd D., pain. lººmi, old gen, form of domus, at home. Dömüs, iis, fem., 2nd and 4th D., the, a, house. Dönöc, until. Dosis, ſs, acc. dosin, fem., 3rd D., the, a, dose. Drachmā, as, fem., gen. plu. mām, 1st D., a drachm, 5. Dulcis, dulcé, sweet. E, ex, out of (gov.abl.) 320 ph ARMACists' Pocket-Book. Effervescentia, as, fem, 1st D., effervescence. Egö, mêi, I. Electiiarium, II, neut., 2nd D., the, an, electuary. Emendö, ävä, ätum, àre, 1st C., tr., to amend. Emplastrum, I, Reut-, 2nd D., the, a, plaster. Enémá, atis, neut., 3rd D., the, a, clyster. Eö, ivi (ii), Itum, ire, irreg., 4th C., intr., to go. Ergä, towards (gov.acc.). Estirió, itum, ire, desid. verb, intrº, to be hungry. Et, and. Evånesco, änui, ere, incept., 3rd C., to disappear. Exéð, exii, exitum, exire, 4th C., intr., to go out. Exhibéö, üi, Itum, Čre, 2nd C., intr., to exhibit. Expédit, impers., it is expedient, from Expédió, ivi (ii), itum, Iré, 4th C., tr., to prepare, set ree Expériºr, pertiis sum, periri, dep. verb, 4th C., tr., to try. Expers, pertis, free from (gov.abl. and gen.). Extendo, di, sum and tum, Čre, 3rd C., tr., to spread. Extérüs, #, um, outside. Extrêmus, superl. of exterus, outermost, extreme. Exträ, outside of (gov. acc.). Extractum, i, neut., 2nd D., the, am, ertract. Exillo, are, 3rd C., intr-, to be banished. Fac, imperatv. of facio. Făciés, ei, fem., 5th D., the face. Fácilis, é, easy. Fáció, feci, factum, Čre, 3rd C., tr., to make. Făgüs, i, fem., 2nd D., the beech. Febricúlā, as, fem., 1st D., fever. Febrís, is, acc. im, em, abl. i., fem., 3rd D., the, a, fever. Fel, fellis, neut., 3rd D., gall. Félix, icis, happy. Férô, túli, latum, ferre, irreg., tr., to bear. Ferrum, i, neut., 2nd D., iron. Ferved, vi and bui, ere, 2nd C., intr., to be hot. Fictilis, e, earthen. Ficus, is, dat. and abl. plu. fictibiis, fem., 4th D., a fig. Fido, fisus sum, fidere 'º. ), to trust. Filiá, as, dat. and abl. plu. abus, the, a, daughter. Filińs, II, voc. fili, the, a, son. 321 PHARMACISTs' POCKET-Book. Filix, ſcis, fem., 3rd D., a fern. Finió, ivi and ii, itum, ire, 4th C., tr., to finish. Fió, factus sum, fiéri, passv. officio, to be made. Flātūs, is, mas., 4th D., flatulence. Flāvūs, a, um, yellow. Flös, flöris, mas., 3rd D., the, a, flower. Flüviātilis, e, adj., pertaining to a river. Foetidis, a, um, fetid. Fölium, ii, neut., 2nd D., a leaf. Fontánus, #, um, appertaining to a fountain, spring. Frigidus, a, um, cold. Fructus, iis, mas., 4th D., the, a, fruit. Früör, eris, früitus and fructiis sum, früi, depont., 3rd C., to enjoy. Fügax, ſicis, fleeting. Fúgió, fūgi, fūgitum, fūgère, 3rd C., intr., to flee. Fungör, eris, functus sum, fungi, depont., 3rd C., to perform, discharge. Galbánum, i, neut., 2nd D., galbanum. Galliciis, é, um, gallic. Gargårismä, ätis, neut., 3rd D., the, a, gargle. Gentiáná, as, fem., 1st D., gentian. Génil, iis, neut., 4th D., the, a, knee. Glycyrrhiză, as, fem., 1st D., liquorice. Gràcilis, é, slender. Grădiis, iis, mas., 4th D., the, a, step. Grämén, inis, neut., 3rd D., grass. Grānum, i, neut., 2nd D., the, a, grain. Guttà, as, fem., 1st D., the, a, drop. Håbäät, let him have, take from. Hābéö, ü, itum, bere, 2nd C.; trs., to have. Haustüs, is, mas., 4th D., the, a, draught. Hebdūmāda, aº, fem., 1st D., a week. Héri, yesterday. Hic, haec, hºc, this. Hic, adv., near. Hiems, is, fem., 3rd D., winter. Hirüdo, ſidinis, fem., 3rd D., the, a, leech. Hörä, as, fem., 1st D., the, am, hour. Hódié, to-day. Hömo, inis, mas., 3rd D., a man. 322 PHARMACists' PockeT-Book. Hortor, aris, hortätus sum, àri, to exhort. Hümilis, é, low. Humi, on the ground. Hümüs, I, fem., 2nd D., the ground. Hydrargyrum, i, neut., 2nd D., mercury. Hydras, atis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, hydrate. Hydrochlóras, fitis, mas., 3rd D., hydrochlorate. Hyoscyāmūs i, mas., 2nd D., hyoscyamus. Hydrocyāniciis, a, um, hydrocyanic, prussic. Ibi, there. Idem, Čádem, idem, the same. Idänéüs, i, um, fit. Ignis, is, mas., 3rd D., the, a, fire. Illé, illā, illiid, that. Imminū0, iii, utum, tière, 3rd C., tr., to diminish. Impônó, úsūi, Ösitum, néré, 3rd C., tr., to place upon. Imprimis, especially, chiefly. Imüs, a, um, superltv. of inferus, low. In, in (gov.abl.). Iné5, inivi (ii), initum, Ihire, 4th C., to commence, go into. Inférior, Öris, compartv. of inferus, lower. Inférüs, #, um, low. Infimiis, #, um, superltv. of inferus, lowest. Infră, below (gov.acc.). Infricó, cil, ctum (cãtum), are, 1st C., tr., to rub in. Infüsum, i, neut., 2nd D., the, am, infusion. Ingens, ntis, large. Ingentior, Öris, larger. Inspissú, avi, atum, àre, 1st C., tr., to thicken, inspissate. Insum, füi, esse, to be im, upon. Inter, between (gov.acc.). Interdum, sometimes, meanwhile. Intéréð, ii, Itum, ire, 4th C., to perish. Intersum, füi, essé, to take part in, be present at. Intérüs, i, um, inside, within. Intimé, intimately, very well. - Invādó, asi, asum, déré, 3rd C., to attack. Involvo, vi, voltitum, véré, 3rd C., tr., to roll in. Iödidum, i, neut., 2nd D., the, am, iodide. Ipêcácuanhã, as, fem., 1st D., ipecacuanha. Ipsé, ipsii, ipsum, self. 323 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Ipsissimus, the very same. Is, Čá, id, he, she, it. Isté, istã, istüd, that. Iter, itinëris, neut., 3rd D., the, a, journey. Jamaicensis, é, pertaining to Jamaica. Jécur, Öris, neut., 3rd D., the, a, liver. Jusculum, i, neut., 2nd D., broth. Jüvénis, young. Juxtà, near, mezt to (gov.acc.). Lábór, Öris, mas., 3rd D., labour, work. Lābór, lapsus sum, labi, depont., 3rd C., to glide by. Lac, lactis, acc. lactem, neut., 3rd D., mil Languor, Öris, mas., 3rd D., faintness. Lāpīs, idis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, stone. Lātus, i, um, broad. Lātūs, &ris, neut., 3rd D., the, a, side. Laxativis, i, um, lazative. Lectus, i, mas., 2nd D, the, a, bed. Légö, légi, lectum, Čré, 3rd C., tr., to peruse, read. Lénis, é, gradual, gentle. Lênitivis, a, um, lenitive. Lévis, é, light. Lévis, é, smooth. Libér, Śrā, erum, free. Libéri (plu.), 2nd D., children. Libitum, i, neut., 2nd (us, tis, 4th) D., pleasure. Libét, libúit, libitum est, ere, impers., 2nd C., it pleases. Librá, as, fem., 1st D., a pound. Licet, liciiit (licitum est), licere, impers., 2nd C., it is lawful. ignum, i, neut., 2nd D., wood. imón, Önis, fem., 3rd D., the, a, lemon. Linimentum, i, neut., 2nd D., the, a, limiment. Liquët, Gré, impers., 2nd C., it is clear. Liquidiis, #, um, liquid. Liquor, liquoris, mas., 3rd D., the, a, fluid, solution. Löquðr, &ris, lºclitus sum, loqui, 3rd Č.. to speak. Lötio, iónis, fem., 3rd D., the, a, wash, lotion. Lux, lùcis, fem., 3rd D., light. Lyttà, as, fem., 1st D., the Spanish fly. Măcărö, ävi, atum, àré, 1st C., tr., to soak, macerate. Mágis, ad v., more. Y 2 324 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Magnésia, as, fem., 1st D., magnesia. Magnitido, inis, fem., 3rd D., magnitude, size. Magnús, a, um, large, great. Mājor, Öris, compartv. of magnus, greater. Mälé, adv., ill. Mālū, iii, mallé, irreg. C., tr., to prefer. Mâlûs, i, um, bad. Māné, neut., indecl., in the morning. Märinus, i, um, of the nature of the sea. Marmor, Öris, neut., 3rd D., marble. Massà, as, fem., 1st D., a (pill) mass. Maxime, most. Maximus, i, um, superltv. of magnus, greatest. Médicămentum, i, neut., 2nd D., the, a, drug, medicine. Médius, i, um, intermediate. Mel, mellis, neut., 3rd I)., homey. Mélíðr, Öris, neut., mēlitis, better. Mensis, is, mas., 2nd D., the, a, month. Menthā, ae, fem., 1st D., mint. Mercüriús, ii, voc. I, mas., 2nd D., mercury. Méridiès, mas., 5th D., moon. Mětíðr, iris, mensus sum, métiri, depont., 4th C., tr., to measure. Minimum, i, neut., 2nd D., a minim. Minimus, a, um, smallest. Ministér, tri, mas., 2nd D., the, a, servant. Minór, Öris, smaller. Miscéð, scúi, mistum or mixtum, Gre, 2nd C., tr., to mix. Misér, Grā, śrum, wretched. Miséréor, misèritis sum or misertús sum, miséréri, depont., 2nd C., to pity. Misérêt or misérètur, misèrſtum est, misérére, impers., 2nd C., it excites pity. Mistürä, ae, fem., 1st D., the, a, mixture. Mitis, mite, mild. Mittö, misi, missum, Čre, 3rd C., tr., to send. Mödö, only. Mödiis, i, mas., 2nd D., way, manner. Mollis, é, soft. Mönéö, üi, itum, Gre, 2nd C., tr., to advise. Morbüs, I, mas., 2nd D., the, a, disease. Mörſör, mortúlis sum, mēri, depont., 3rd C., to die. Morrhüä, ae, fem., 1st D., the, a, cod 325 PHARMACISTs. POCKET-BOOK. Mors, mortis, fem., 3rd D., death. Mucilago, Inis, fem., 3rd D., mucilage. Mültüs, #, um, much. Nam, for. Nātū major, elder; natu maximus, eldest. Natu minor, younger; natu minimus, youngest. Nātūra, as, fem., 1st D., mature. Ně, lest. Něquam, worthless; comp. néquior, Öris; superl. néquis- simils, i, um. Neutér, tra, trum, gen, tritis, neither of two. Nigér, rä, rum, black. Nihil, neut., indecl., nothing. Nil, contract. of nihil, nothing. Nimis, too much. Ningit, it snows, from Ningö, nxit, gère, 3rd C., intr., to snow. Nisí, unless, Nitras, atis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, nitrate. Nitrösus, i, um, nitrous. Nīvālis, e, pertaining to snow. Nölö, üi, nollé, irreg. C., to be unwilling. Nômén. Inis, neut., 3rd D., the, a, name. Nötö, ävi, atum, àre, 1st C., tr., to note, observe. Nox, ctis, fem., 3rd D., might. Nullûs, #, um, mome, Nux, nicís, fem., 3rd D., the, a, nut. Nycthèmerum, neut., 2nd D., a day and might, 24 hours. Öb, on account of (gov. acc.). Obéð, ivi (ii), Itum, ire, to meet (death), die. Obliquiis, a, um, oblique. Obsum, obfüí (offili), Öbesse, irreg. C., to be against, injure. Qctàrius, ii, mas., 2nd D., a pint. Oculiis, i, mas., 2nd D., the, am, eye. Odor, Öris, mas., 3rd D., the, an, odour, scent. Officina, a", fem., 1st D., the, a, shop. Oléum, Čí, neut., 2nd D., the, am, oil. Omnis, ë, every, all. Odérôr, àtus sum, firi, depont., 1st C., to work, 326 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-B00K. Öpſum. II, neut., 2nd D., opium. Oportét, tiſt, ere, impers., 2nd C., it behoves. Qptimús, ă, um, best. Qpils, erºs, neut, 3rd D., a work; Spils, indecl., necessity. Orłór, ortús sum, iri, depont., 4th C., to rise. Pallescă, pallui, scère, inceptv., 3rd C., to turn pale. Palléð, ere, 2nd C., intrº, to be pale. Pār, pāris, equal. Pärens, entis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, parent. Pårö, ävi, atum, àre, 1st C., tr., to prepare. Paroxysmüs, i, mas., 2nd D., the, a, paroxysm. Pars, partis, fem., 3rd D., the, a, part. Partíðr, iris, itus sum, iri, depont., 4th C., to share. Parvālūs, a, um, small. Pâtér, tris, mas., 3rd D., the, a, father. Pátíðr, passús sum, pâti, depont., 3rd C., to suffer. Pauxillum, i, neut., 2nd D., a little portion. Pectiis, Öris, neut., 3rd D., the breast, chest. Péjör, Öris, worse; neut. pejus, comp. of malus. Pendéð, pépendi, pensum, ere, 2nd C., intrº, to hang. Penes, in the power of (gov.acc.). Per, during, through (gov.acc.) Péréð, Hi, Itum, ire, 4th C., intr., to perish. Persistö, stiti, stere, 3rd C., intr., to continue. Pés, pèdis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, foot. Pessimiis, i, um, worst. Pharmäcopoeia, as, fem., 1st D., the, a, pharmacopoeia. Phosphas, fitis, mas., 3rd D., the, a, phºsphate. Phosphòricús, #, um, phosphoric. Piget, liſt, ſtum est, ere, impers., 2nd C., it vezes. Pīlūlā, ae, fem., 1st D., the, a, pill. Piperità, as, fem., 1st D., peppermint. Pix, ſcis, fem., 3rd D., pitch. Plácét, tiſt (plåcitum est), ere, impers., 2nd C., it pleases. Pláciſt, it was ordered. Plü0, plili (pluvi), ſeré, 3rd C., intr., to rain. Plumbum, i, neut., 2nd D., lead Plürſmüs, i, um, most. Plüs, plurís, more. Plüvialis, e, of rain. Pödöphyllum, i, neut., 2nd D., podophyllum. 327 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Poenſtät, tiſt, Öre, impers., 2nd C., it repents (me). Pollex, ſcís, mas., 3rd D., the thumb. Pondérôsús, a, um, heavy. Pondiis, érís, neut., 3rd D., the, a, weight. Pöné, behind (gov. acc.). Possum, pöttii, possé, irreg. C., to be able. Post, after (gov.acc.). Postéâ, afterwards. Postérüs, a, um, behind; comp. IGr; superl. trémns and tümüs. Pötassà, as, fem., 1st D., potash. Pötſor, Iris, itus sum, iri, depont., 4th C., to obtain posses- sion of. Prae, in comparison with (gov.abl.). Praecipió, cépi, ceptum, ere, 3rd C., tr., to advise, direct. Praepārö, ävi, atum, àre, 1st C., tr., to prepare. Praesum, füi, esse, irreg. C., intr., to be before, preside. Praeter, beside (gov.acc.). Prandé5, prandi (pransus sum), ere, 2nd C., to dime. Prandſum, ii, neut., 2nd D., dinner. Primus, #, um, first. Príðr, Öris, neut. priſis, first. Pro, on behalf of, for, before (gov.abl.). Pröpé, near (gov.acc.); comp. propiór, oris, neut. propſûs; superl. proximús, i, um. Prorsus, entirely. Püdèt, puduit or püditum est, ere, impers., 2nd C., intrº, it shames. Púér, 1, mas., 2nd C., the, a, boy. Pulmentum, i, neut., 2nd D., gruel. Pulmo, önſs, mas, 3rd D., the, a, lung. Pulpá, as, fem., 1st D., the, a, pulp. Pulvis, véris, mas., 3rd D., the, a, powder. Pürificătăs, i, um, purified. Pürifico, ävi, atum, are, 1st C., tr., to purify. Quălis, é, what sortf Quandú, when * Quantitas, atis, fem., 3rd D., the, a, quantity. Quartūs, a, um, the fourth. Quâtér, four times. Qué, and. Qui, quae, quëd, who, which, 328 PHARMAcists’ PCCKET-B00K. Quicumqué, quae-, quod-, whosoever, whatsoever. Quidam, quae-, quid- (quod-), a certain one. Quiés, etis, fem., 5th D., quiet (sleep). Quin, but that. Quinquiés, five times. Quisqué, quae-, quic- (quod-), each. Quisquis, quidquid (quicquid), whosoever, whatsoever. Quivis, quae-, quid- (quod-), any you will. Rădix, Icís, fem., 3rd D., the, a, root. Rápió, iii, ptum, ere, 3rd C., tr., to seize. Rårö, seldom; imp. rārīūs; superl. rārissimé. Rārūs, i, um, rare. Récipíð, cépi, ceptum, ere, 3rd C., tr., to take, receive. Rédéð, ſi, ſtum, ire, 4th C., intr., to return. Référô, túli (ttàli), ātum, ferre, irreg., 3rd C., to put back. Régó, rexi, rectum, Öre, 3rd C., tr., to rule. Rºjſcſö, eci, ectum, cére, 3rd C., tr., to reject. Répétó, ivi (fi), itum, Gré, 3rd C., tr., to repeat. Rés, rei, fem., 5th D., the, a, thing. Résini, ae, fem., 1st D., the, a, resin. Rété, ís, neut., 3rd D., the, a, met. Rhizoma, as, fem., 1st D., the, a, rhizome. Rhoeas, ados, 3rd D., the red poppy. Rösö, as, fem., 1st D., the, a, rose. Rötundús, #, um, round. Rurstis, again. Sacchārum, i, neut., 2nd D., sugar. Saepé, oftem. Sal, sålſs, mas., 3rd D., the, a, salt. Sālūbér, bris, bré, healthful. Sapó, únis, inas., 3rd I)., soap. Scammonium, i, neut., 2nd D., the resin of scammomy. Scíð, Ivi, itum, ire, 4th C., tr., to know. Scriptilis, I, mas., 2nd D., a scruple (20 gr.). Sé, sésé, him-, her-, itself. Sécundum, in accordance with (gov. acc.). Séd, but. Sémél, once. Sémen, Inſs, neut., 3rd D., the, a, seed. Sempér, always. Sénex, senis, an old man. 329 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. Sénex, senis, adj., old. Sepārātim, separately. Sępónó, pösſiſ, pósitum, Čré, 3rd C., tr., to let settle. Séquor, eris, secutus sum séqui, depont., 3rd C., to follow. Sesquícarbonas, atis, mas., 3rd I)., sesquicarbonate. Sextus, a, um, sixth. Si, if. Signä, ävi, atum, fire, 1st C., tr., to sign, describe. Similis, é, like; comp. ilior; superl. illimus. Sīmūl, together. Siné, without (gov.abl.). Singúlus, #, um, each, single. Sítis, ſs, acc. sitim, abl, sitſ, fem., 3rd D., thirst. Söda, as, fem., 1st D., soda. Sôlé5, ſtus sum, ere, pass., to be accustomed. Sölus, a, um, alone. Solvö, vi, litum, vére, 3rd C., tr., to loosen. Somnàs, i, mas., 2nd I)., sleep. Spiritus, is, mas., 4th D., spirit. Spissó, avi, atum, àre, 1st C., tr., to thicken. Sponté (defectv.), fem., by one's own choice. Stannum, i, neut., 2nd D., tin. Stătim, immediately. Stātūs, us, mas., 4th D., condition, state. Sternum, i, neut., 2nd D., the breast-bome (chest). Styrax, acís, mas., 3rd D., storaz. Suádéð, suāsi, suāsum, Gre, 2nd C., to persuade, urge. Sub, under, up to (gow, acc. or abl.). Subinde, frequently. Subsum, no perf., esse, to be under, near. Subtér, under, beneath (gov. acc. or abl.). Succüs, I, mas., 2nd D., juice Sulphas ātīs, mas., 3rd in., the, a, sulphate. Sulphür, iris, neut., 3rd D., sulphur. Sulphurātūs, i, um, sulphurated. Summus, i, um, highest, last, greatest, upmost. Sumo, psi, ptum, ere, 3rd C., tr., to take, procure. Süpellex, llectilis, fem., irreg., furniture. Súpér, over (gov.acc. or abl.). Süpéríðr, Öris, upper. Supersum, fui, essé, to remain, survive. Súpérus, i, um, upper. - Suprā, above (gov. acc.). 330 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Suprêmiis, i, um, highest, last. Süüs, #, um, his, her, its, their own. Syrüpus, i, mas., 2nd D., syrup. Tabernã, as, fem., 1st D., the, a, shop. Tābūlā, as, fem., 1st D., the, a, table. Tºdët, perta sum est, ere, impers., 2nd C., it disgusts, wearnes. Tālis, é, such. Tantūs, i, um, so much. Tartaricus, i, um, tartaric. Tartras ātīs, mas., 3rd D., tartrate. Templis, Öris, neut., 3rd D., time (plu. ora, the temples). Ténax, acis, tenacious. Ténér, era, Črum, tender. Ténis, as far as, reaching to (gov.abl.). Tër, thrice. Tero, trivi, tritum, Čre, 3rd C., tr., to rub. Thorax, acis, mas., 3rd D., the chest. Tinctura, as, fem., 1st D., the, a, tincture. Töt, so many. Tötus, i, um, the whole. Trans, across (gov.acc.). Transéð, II, ſtum, ire, 4th C., to cross over. Três, trium, three. Tróchiscus, i, mas., 2nd D., a lozenge. Tussis, ſs, acc. im, abl. i., fem., 3rd D., the, a, cough. Ubſ, where? Ullis, #, um, any. Ultérior, Öris, further. Ultimús, #, um, furthest. Ultrà, beyond (gov.acc.). Unā, adv., together with. Uncſá, as, fem., 1st D., an ounce. Undé, whence. Unguentum, i, neut., 2nd D., the, an, ointment. Uniis, é, um, one. Urgé5, ursi, urgéré, 2nd C., tr., to press. Usús, tis, mas., 4th D., use, Ut, as, so that. 331 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Utér, utrā, utrum, gen, utrius, which of two. Utör, &ris, usus sum, uti, depont., 3rd C., to use. Valdé, greatly. Valerianas, fitis, mas., 3rd D., valerianate. We (enclitic), vel, or. Wéné, ae, fem., 1st D., the, a, vein. Vénenum, i, neut., 2nd D., poison. Vérátrú, as, fem., 1st D., veratrine. Véréðr, eris, véritus sum, Gri, depont., 2nd C., to fear. Versiis, towards (gov. acc.). Vescór, erís, vesci, depont., 3rd C., to eat. Vésicatórius, i, um, pertaining to a blister. Vesper, éris, mas., 3rd D., the evening (e or i, in the evening). Wester, strá, strum, your. Veterrimús, #, um, oldest. Vétis, éris, old. Vícés, defect., fem., 3rd D., time, times. Vice, instead of. Widéð, widi, visum, Ere, 2nd C., tr., to see. Vidéºr, visiis sum, Gri, depont., 2nd C., to seem. Vinārius, #, um, of or belonging to wine. Vinum, i, neut., 2nd D., wine. Vir, i, mas., 2nd D., a man. Virüs, I, neut, 2nd D., poison. Wis, acc. vim., abl. vi., irreg., fem., strength. Vita, ae, fem., 1st D., life. Vivó, vixi, victum, ere, 3rd C., intrº, to live. Vivis, a, um, alive. Vöcö, ävi, atum, àre, 1st C., tr., to call. Völö, ü, vellé, irreg., defect., to be willing, wish. Womiciis, a, um, producing sickness. Vomitus, iis, mas., 4th D., causing vomiting. Vulgó, commonly. Vulnus, Čris, neut., 3rd D., the, a, wound. Zingſbér, Śrīs, neut., 3rd D., ginger. 332 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN MEDICINE. (Not including names of drugs or classes of drugs.) Abscess, a collection of purulent matter. Acarus, an ord. of class Arachnida (some parasitic). Acephalocyst, a headless cyst or hydatid. Acholia, deficiency or absence of bile. Achroma, absence of colour. Achromatopsia, inability to distinguish colour. Acme, a folliculitis of the skin. Achrochordon, a cylindl, outgrowth of the skin. Achrodynia, a dermatitis of the hands and feet. Acupuncture, puncture by needles. Adenalgia, pain in a gland. Ademitis, inflammation of a gland. Ademocele, tumour connected with a gland. Ademodynia, pain in a gland. Adenoid, glandular. Adenoma, a morbid glandular growth. Adiposis, accumulation of fat. Adynamia, depression of the vital powers. AEgophany, a goat-like bleating of voice. AEtiology, that which relates to causes of disease. Ageustia, loss of taste. Agraphia, vide Aphasia. Agria, a kind of eczema. Ague, see Intermittent ſever. Ague cake, enlargement of spleen. Albinism, whiteness in skin and other tissues. Albuminuria, disease charactzd. by albumin in urine. Algid, coldness from internal causes. Alopecia, baldness. Alphosis, vide Achroma. 333 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Alveolus, a morbid growth consisting of spaces bounded by walls of cells or fibre. Amaurosis, blindness without apparent morbid condition. Amenorrhaea, abnormal absence of menses. Amnesia, absence of memory. Amphoric, hollow metallic respiratory sound. Amygdalitis, inflammation of tonsils. Anaemia, deficiency of blood or its constituents. Anaesthesia, absence of sensation (tactile). Analgesia, absence of sensation (pain). Amasarca, diffusion of serous fluid into tissues. Anchylosis, stiffness or fixation of joint. Anchylostoma, a genus of nematoid worms. Aneurism, a lºcal dilatation of artery. Angelectasia, hypertrophy of minute vessels of skin. Angeioleucitis, inflammation of lymphatics. Angina pectoris, a disease of the chest in paroxysms with anxiety, faintness, &c. Amidrosis, absence of perspiration. Anorexia, want of appetite without disgust. Anosmia, loss of sense of smell. Anteflexion, a bending forward. Anteversion, a displacement forward. Anthraz, syn. Carbuncle, Malignant pustule. Amuria, absence of urination. Apepsia, indigestion. Aphagia, want of ability to swallow. Aphasia, want of power to express thoughts in words. Aphemia, syn. Aphasia. Aphonia, absence of voice. Aphtha, fungus infesting epith lium of mouth. Aplastic, incapable of forming tissue. Apneumatosis, syn. Atelectasis. Apnoea, cessation of breathing. Apoplery, sudden coma due to morbid brain. Apyreziº, absense of, or intervals in, intermittent fever. Arachmitis, inflammation of arachnoid membrane. Arcus senilis, opacity of pupil in the aged. Ardor, heat sensation. Argyria, stains on skin from silver (intern.). Arteritis, inflammation of arteries. Arthralgia, pain in joint. Arthritis, inflammation in joint. 334 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Arthrodynia, vide Arthralgia. Articular, pertaining to a joint. Ascarides, thread or seat worms (genus Oxyuris). Ascites, accumulation of fluid in peritoneum. Asphyxia, deprivation of respiration. Asthenia, want of strength. Asthenopia, weakness of sight. Asthma, a disease with apnoea from spasmodic contraction of bronchi occurring at intervals. Astigmatism, irregular focussing power of eye. Atavism, inheritance from grandparent. Atazia, irregularity of co-ordinated muscl. movements. Atelectasis, want of expansion of lung cavities at birth. Atheroma, a disease of arteries. Atomy, want of tone. Atresia, absence of opening or passage. Atrophy, wasting from want of nutrition. Aura, a sensation preceding epilepsy or hysteria. Auscultation, examination by listening. Autophonia, self-auscultation. Autopsy, vide Necropsy. Azoturea, excess of urea in urine without pyrexia. Bacillus, a name given to filiform bacteria. Bacteria, Minute rod-like algae. Balamitis, inflammation of opposing surfaces of glans and prepuce. Balneology, science of baths and washing. Basedow's disease, syn. Exophthalmic goitre. Bell sound, auscultatory sound in pneumothorax, Bell's paralysis, paralysis of facial nerve. Bilharzia, a genus of flukes. Blaim, a blister. Bleb, a large vesicle with serous fluid. Blenorrhaea, Excessive flow of mucus. Blepharitis, inflammation of eyelids. Blepharospasm, spasmdc. movements of eyelids. Blue disease, vide Cyanosis. Borborygmi, rumbling sounds in abdomen. Bothriocephalus, a genus of entozoa. Bots, larvae of gadflies. Braidism, syn. Hypnotism. Break-bone fever, syn. Dengue. 335 PHARMACISTs' PoCKET-Book. Bromism, morbid effect from taking bromides. Bromidrosis, foetid perspiration. Bronchitis, inflammation of the bronchi. Bronchocele, syn. Goitre. Bronchophony, normal resonance of voice over bronchi. Bubo, swelling of lymphatic gland in groin. Bulimia, excessive appetite. Bulla, a bleb, q.v. Bursitis, inflammation of the bursae. Cachezia, chronic ill-health with abnormal blood. Cacoplastic, unorganizable products of inflammation. Cadaveric, resembling a dead body. Calculus, concretion in duct of gland. Calvities, baldness. Cancer, a dis. of epithl. and connective tissue. Cancrum oris, phagedænic ulceration of cheek and lip. Canities, greyness or whiteness of hair. Carbuncle, syn. Anthrax, malignant pustule. Carcinoma, syn. Cancer. Cardialgia, syn. Heartburn. Cardiograph, instrument registering heart movements. Carditis, inflammation of heart substance. Carnification, lung tissue becoming flesh-like. Carpholegy or -ogy, picking movements of hands. Caseous, resembling cheese. Casts, hollow moulds thrown off. Catalepsy, a nervous disease. Cataplasm, syn. Poultice. Cataract, an opacity of lens of eye. Catarrh, an inflamtn. of muc. membrane. Cell, a contractile mass of protoplasm. Cellulitis, inflamtn. of loose connectv. tissue. Cephalalgia, pain in the head. Cephalhaematoma, an effusion of blood on head. Ceratitis, syn. Keratitis. Cerebritis, inflamtn. of brain substance. Chalazion, small encysted tumour of eyelids. Chalk stones, gouty deposits of sodium urate. Chancre, small venereal swellings. Chaps, syn. Rhagades, fissures of the skin. Cheloids, a tumour of skin. Chemosis, a swollen condition of the conjunctiva. 336 PHARMACISTs. POCKET-BOOK. Chigoe, a parasitic burrowing flea. Chilblain, inflamtn. of skin from cold. Chiragra, gout in the hand. Chloasma, a pigmentary discolortn. of skin. Chlorosis, a variety of anaemia. Cholelithiasis, the condition of system with gall-stones. Cholera, an infectious disease with vomiting, purging, pros- tration, collapse, &c. Cholesteatoma, a tumour consist. of cholesterine. Chordee, painful erection of penis in gonorrhea. Chorea, a nerv.dis, with clonic movements. Choroiditis, inflamtn. of choroid. Chromidrosis, coloured perspiration. Chronic, slow and prolonged (disease). Chyluria, a disease with milky urine. Cicatrization, scar formation. Cirrhosis, an inflan. dis. of connectv., interstit., or supportg. tissues of organs. Clavus hystericus, a pain in the head. Clonus, a disease of the spinal cord. Coagulum, syn. a clot. Coarctation, a narrowing of a tube. Colic, pain of a spasmodc. character. Collapse, a state of nervous prostration. Colliquative, copious (sweats and diarrhea). Colloid, like glue or jelly. Colitis, syn. Colonitis, colo-enteritis, infimtion. of colon. Coma, a condition of profound insensibility. - Coma vigil, sleeplessness with partial unconsciousness. Comedones, sebaceous and epithel cylinders in hair follicles of skin (“grubs”). Concussion, a condition resulting from shaking or shock. Condyloma, excrescences about anus and genitals. Confluent, tending to run together. Congenital, existing at birth. Congestion, accumulation. Conjunctivitis, inflamtion. of conjunctiva. Contra-indication, indication against. Contusion, bruise with breach of surface. Convulsions, purposeless muscular contractions. Cophosis, deaness. Corneitis, inflammation of the cornea. Coryza, Nasal Catarrh. 337 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-B00K. Cozalgia, pain in the hip-joint. Cramp, a variety of tonic spasm. Craniotabes, spots of thinness in the skull. Cretinism, a kind of idiocy. Crusta lactea, an eczema of face and head in infants. Cutis anserina, goose-skin. Cyanosis, blueness of skin. Cynanche, an inflammatory condition of throat. Cyrtometer, instrument of chest measurement. Cysticercus, a species of bladder-worm. Cystitis, inflammation of the bladder. Cyst, a closed cavity containing fluid. Dactylitis, inflammation of the finger. Decubitus, the lying posture. Défervescence, the decline of fever. Dementia, a deficiency of intellect. Demodez, a genus of acarine parasites (pimple mites) Dengue, an infectious eruptive fever. Dermatalgia, pain in the skin. Dermatitis, inflamtn. of the skin. Dermatolysis, looseness of the skin. Desquamation, the shedding of epithelium. Diabetes, a dis. with sugar in urine. Diarrhoea, excessive discharge from bowels without tenesmus. - is, a morbid predisposition to any disease. Dicrotism, the second great wave of the pulse. Diphtheria, a specific, contagious, general disease affecting the parts about the throat. Diplopia, double vision. Dipsomania, a craving for alcohol, generally periodic. Discrete, separate. Distoma, syn. Flukes, a genus of trematode parasites. Dochmius, a genus of nematoid worms. Dothinenteritis, enteritis with enlargement of follicles. Dracunculus, the guinea-worm. Dropsy, accumulation of serous fluid in cellular tissue. Dumbness, incapability of articulating sounds. Dysaesthesia, in pairment of senses (particularly of touch). Dyscrasia, a morbid state of blood. Lysentery, a febrile disease with inflamtn. of glands of large intestine. - Dysidrosis a disorder of the sweat-follicles. 338 PHARMACists' PockFT-Book. Dysmemorrhaea, painful ana difficult menstruation. Dyspepsia, syn. Indigestion. Dysphagia, difficulty in swallowing. Dysphonia, difficulty in producing sounds of the voice. Dyspnoea, difficulty of breathing. Eburnation, an ivory-like state of bone. Ecchymosis, extravasation of blood into cellular tissue. Echinorhyncus, a genus of thornheaded worms. Eclampsia, syn. Convulsions. - Ecstasy, certain morbid states of the nervous system. Actropion (ium), an inverted condition of eyelid. Eczema, an inflammation of the skin. Effusion, escape of fluid into tissues. Elephantiasis, a dis. with inflammatn, and hypertrophy of skin and areolar tissue. Embolism, arrest of solid bodies in arteries or capillaries. Emesis, syn. Vomiting. Emphysema, distention with air or gas. Emprosthotonos, bending forward of body from tonic spasms. Empyema, an inflammatory effusion into cavity of pleura. Encephalitis, inflammation of brain and its membranes. Encephalocele, Protrusion of brain substance through an opening in skull. Encephaloid, cancer, resembling brain tissue. Enchondroma, a new growth consisting of cartilage. Endarteritis inflammation of internal coat of artery. Endemic, prevailing in any locality. Endermic, the method of introducing through skin. Endocarditis, inflammtn. of lining membrane of heart. Endogastritis, inflamtn. of muc. memb. of stomach. Endometritis, inflamtn. of lining of womb. Endopericarditis, simultaneous inflamtn. of endocardium and pericardium. Engorgement, overloading of vessels. Enteralgia, syn. Colic. Enteric fever, syn. Typhoid ſever. Enteritis, inflamtn. of intestines. Enterocele, hernia inclosing portion of bowel. Entophyte, a plant parasitic in the body. Entozoa, animal parasites in the body. Entropion, a dis. with inversion of eyelid. Emuresis, incontinence of uline. 339 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Ephelis, discoloration of skin from light or heat. Ephidrosis, a state of sweating. Epidemic, prevalent; also contagious. - Epidermophyton, the epiphyte of Phytosis versicolor. Epididymitis, inflamtn. of the epididymus. Epigastric, the upper and central region of abdomen. Apilepsy, an apyretic nervous affection with convulsions. Epiphora, a persistent flow of tears. Epiphyta, plant-like organisms upon the skin or muc. membr. Pºpploitis, inflamtn. of the great omentum. Episcleritis, inflamtv. tissue between sclerotic and con- junctiva. Epis, a lias, malformtn. of penis; urethra open on upper surfc. Epistazis, bleeding from the nose. Pºpisthotomos, syn. Emprosthotonos. Epithelioma, a variety of cancer. Epithem, any outward application. Epulis, tumour of the Alveolar processes. Equinia, syn. glanders. Erethism, excited condition of an organ. Ergotism, a disease due to ergot. Erosion, Superficial destruction of tissue. Erotomania, syn. Nymphomania. Erratic, wandering. Eructation, a sudden escape of gas from stomach. Erysipelas, indefinitely spreading inflamtn. of skin. Erythema, a non-infective inflamtn. of skin surface. Etiology, the science of the causes of disease. Eustrongylus gigas, vide Sclerostoma. Eacacerbation, increase in severity of symptoms. Eacanthema, certain acute, specific, infectious skin eruptns. Eaccoriation, superf destructn. of skin or muc. memb. Eaſoliation, separation of dead layers from bone or cartilage. Eacom.phalos, umbilical hernia. Eacopthalmic goitre, dis. of thyroid with anaemia, palpitation, dyspnoea, protrusion of eyeball. Exostosis, Bony outgrowth from Skeleton. Earpectoration, syn. Sputum, Phlegm. Eacsanguine, deprived of blood. Ea:travasation, escape of fluid from vessels into tissues. Extroversion, turning inside out. Eacudation, passage through blo. vessels into tissues; also matter so passing. Z 2 340 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Farcy, syn. Glanders. Fasciola, genus of trematode parasites. Fatuity, mental imbecility. Favus, a fungoid dis. of scalp (or skin). Febricula, Simple fever of a few days' duration. Fibrillation, a localised quivering (of muscles). Fibroma, a form of tumour comp. of fibrous tissue. Ficus Unguium, a dis. of posterior wall of the mail. Filariae, a genus of nematoid worms. Fish-skin disease, syn. Ichthyosis. Fistula, a canal or narrow track. Flatulence, undue gas in alimentary tract. Flooding, excessive bleeding from womb. Fluor (Fluz), an excessive discharge from a muc. surf. through the natural passage. Fomites, substances capable of harbouring contagion. Formication, a sensation as of creeping in the skin. Fragilitas ossium, Fragility of bones. Furfur, A branlike desquamation of skin, Furumculus, a boil. Galactidrosis, milky perspiration. Galactorrhea, excessive flow of milk. Ganglion, a tumour in sheath of a tendon. Gangrene, mortification. Death of tissue. Gastralgia, pain in the stomach. Gastric fever, ſever with prominent gastric conditions, Gastritis, inflamtn. of stomach. Gastrodynia, a painful affection of stomach. Gastrorrhaea, excessive mucus flow from stomach lining. Gingivitis, inflamtn. of gums. Glanders, a contagious febrile disease in horse, mule, ass, communicable to man. Glaucoma, high pressure within the eyeball. Gleet, a milky, viscid, scant urethral discharge, Globus hystericus, hysterical feeling as of ball in the throat. Glossalgia, }. in the tongue. Glossitis, inflamtn. of the tongue. Glycosuria, a sugary condition of urine. Goitre, a dis. with enlargement of thyroid. Gonagra, gout in the knee. Gomarthritis, inflamtn. in knee joint. Gomorrhaea, A contagious purulent inflamtn. of urethra, &c. 341 PHARMACISTs' POCKET-BOOK. Gout, A dis. due to excess of uric acid. Grand mal (Fr.), severe convulsive epilepsy. Granular liver, syn. cirrhosis of liver. Gravedo, ordinary catarrh. Gravel, gritty condition of urine. Graves' disease, syn. Exophthalmic goitre. Green sickness, syn. Chlorosis. Grutum, small, white, hard globules on epidermis. Guinea worm, syn. Dracunculus. A nematoid parasite. Gumma, a growth occurring in syphills. Gutta rosacea, syn. Acne rosacea. Gynaecology, study of the diseases of women. Haematemesis, vomiting of blood. Haemathridrosis, bloody sweat. Hamatinuria, a paroxysmal dis. with bloody urine. Haematobium, syn. Haematozoon. Haematocele, a bloody tumour in sac of tunica vaginalis, or in cyst connect. with testicle. Haematoma, a form of bloody tumour. Haemato-pericardium, extravsn, of blood into pericardial cavity. Haemato-thoraz, extravsn. of blood into pleural cavity. Hamatozoa, animal parasites living in the blood. Hamaturia, bloody state of urine. Haemic, relating to the blood. Hamophilia, a bleeding diathesis. Haemoptysis, pulmonary or bronchial haemorrhage. Haemorrhage, escape of blood from the body. Haemorrhagic, associated with haemorrhage. Haemorrhoids, varicosed ha-marrhoidal veins (Piles). Hallucination, a false perception of an organ of sense with- out external cause. Hay fever, a catarrh of muc. memb, of nose, head, &c. Heart-burn, a feeling of heat about the stoulach. Heat-stroke, syn. Sunstroke. Hemianaesthesia, paralysis of sensation on one side of body. Hemianalgesia, insensibility to pain on one side of body. Hemicrania, pain limited to one side of head. Hemiopia (opsia), vision in which only half of object is seen. Hemiplegia, paralysis of motion on one side of body. Hepatalgia, a neuralgia referred to the liver. Hepatitis, inflamtn. of the liver. 342 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Hepatocele, hernia of the liver. Hernia, protrusion of a viscus from its proper cavity. Herpes, a skin disease with eruption of vesicles. Heterologous, morbid. Heterotopous, misplaced. Hippuria, condition of urine with excess of hippuric acid. Hodgkin's disease, syn. Symphadenoma. Homologous, new normal (tissue). Hordeolum, syn. Stye. Horripilation, sensation of bristling of the hair. Hydatias, the larvae of Tenia echinococcus. Hydroemia, a watery condition of blood. Hydra, throsis, effusion of serous fluid into a joint. Hydroademitis, a dis. of the sweat glands. Hydrocardia, an effusion of serous fluid into pericard. sac. Hydrocele, a collection of serous fluid in connectn. with testicle or spermatic cord. Hydrocephalus chrom., a collection of serous fluid within the lateral and third ventricles of brain. Hydrometra, dropsy of the womb. Hydronephrosis, dropsy of the kidney. Hydropericardium, collection of fluid in pericardium. Hydrophobia, a specif. dis. due to inoculation from a rabid animal. Hydrothoraz, dropsy of the pleura. Hydruria, profuse flow of watery urine. Hypaemia, local anaemia. Hypaesthesia, diminished sensibility of a part. Hyperarmia, excess of blood in a part. Hypertsthesia, increased sensibility of a part. Hyperalgesia, undue sensibility to pain. Hyperidrosis, excessive perspiration. Hyperimosis, excess of blood fibrin. Hypermetropia, a defect of eye—too long focus. Hyperplasia, excessive growth of normal tissue elements. Hyperpresbyopia, syn. Hypermetropia. Hyperpyrexia, excessive pyrexia. Hypertrophy, excessive growth. Hºſpinosis, deficiency of blood fibrin. Hypnotism, a kind of mesmerism. Hypochondriac, the upper (region) of abdomen on either side of the epigasirium. Hypochondriasis, a mental unsoundness resembl. melancholia, 343 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Hypogastric, the (region) above the pubic below the umbilical. Hypospadias, malformation of penis, orifice underneath. Hypostasis, an overfulness of blood-vessels. Hysteralgia, pain in the womb. Hysteria, a nerv, dis. chiefly affecting females. Hysteritis, infimtn. of the womb. Hystero-epilepsy, a severe form of hysteria. Icterus, syn. Jaundice. Ictus solis, syn. Sunstroke. Idiocy, mental deficiency in early life. Idiopathic, a morbid condition arising primarily. Idiosyncrasy, constitutional peculiarity in any direction. Idrosis, syn. Hyperidosis. Ileus, syn. for intestinal obstruction. Illusion, a false perception of the senses. Impetigo, a form of skin eruption. Impotency, inability for sexual intercourse. Incarceration, hernia irreducible because of obstruction. Incontinence, inability to retain (urine, feces). Incubation, the development of disease. Induration, hardening. Infarct, a haemorrhagic infiltration Infiltration, the diffusion of morbid matters into tissue. Influenza, epidemic catarrhal fever. Insensibility, loss of consciousness or sensation. Insomnia, sleeplessness. Instillation, application by drops. Insufflation, snuffing or blowing up. Intermittent, malarial ſever with sudden and regular rise and fall of temperature. Intertrigo, infimtn. occurring in folds of skin. Intussusception, passage of one portion of bowel into another. Inunction, rubbing into skin. Invagination, syn. Intussusception. Iodism, the effect pro Iuced by iodides in excess. Iritis, inflamtn. of the iris. Irregular, not running the usual course (dis.). Irrigation, application by drops falling on one spot. Irritability, undue excitement (of an organ). Ischaemia, deficiency of blood in a part. Ischalgia, syn. Sciatica. Ischuria, arrested secretn. of urine. 344 PHARMACists' PockFT-Book Jactation or Jactitation, tossing of the body. Jaundice, yellowness from bile impregnation. Jigger, syn. Chigoe. Keratitis, infimtn. of the cornea. Kerion, a pustular folliculitis of scalp. Kiestine, a body allied to casein. Kinasthesis, the sense of movement. -- King's evil, syn. Scrofula. Kleptomania, insane impulse to steal. Kyphosis, angular deformity of spine. Lagophthalmos, inability to close eye or eyes. Lardaceous, syn. albuminoid (disease). Larvalis, a mask of incrustation in porrigo, &c. Larvated, marked or concealed (diseases). Laryngismus stridulus, inspiration with crowing. Laryngitis, inflamatn. of larynx. Laryngoscope, instrument for viewing larynx. Lentigo, syn. Freckle. - Leprosy, syn. Elephantiasis. Leptomeningitis, infimtn. of the pia mater. Leptothrix, bacilli found in mouth. Lesion, an organic change of a morbid character. Leucocythaemia, dis. with excess of white bla.-corpuscles. Leucocytosis, state of moderately increased white bló.-cor- puscles. Leucoderma, colourless integument. Leucoma, a white opacity of cornea. Leucopathia, syn. Albinism. Leucorrhaea, a non-haemorrhagic discharge from fem. genital fissure. Lichen, a disease of the skin. Lienteric, diarrhea with much undigested food in stools. Lipoma, a fatty tumour. Lithiasis, uric acid diathesis. Lithuria, a condition of uric acid or urates in urine. Lobular, concerning a lobe. Locomotor atazy, partial loss of power in spinal cord. Lordosis, abnormal forward spine curvature. Lumbago, muscular rheumatism in lumbar region. Lupus erythematosus, a chronic hyperaemia of skin. 345 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Lupus vulgaris, a chron. non-contg. skin dis. due to infil- tration. Lymphademitis, inflntn. of lymphatic glands. lºadenoma, a dis. with enlarged lymphtc. glands, spleen, c Lymphangeitis, infintn. of lymphtc. vessels. Lymphangiectasis, varicose dilatn. of lymphtc. vessels. Lymphoma, syn. Lymphadenoma. Lymphorrhagia, an abnormal discharge of lymph or chyle. Macula, a permanently discoloured spot on skin. Malacosis, morbid softening. Malacosteon, dis. with softening of bone. Malaise, feeling of general illness. Malaria, poison generated in stagnant unused soil. Malignant, tending to a fatal issue. Marasmus, general wasting. Marsh fever, intermittent fever. Massage, syn. Shampooing. #!.0, { pain in mammary gland. Masturbation, sexual orgasm produced by unnatural means. Measles, an infect. specſe. fever with rash. Mediastinitis, inflntn. of mediastinum (chest). Megrim, a form of nerv. headache. Melaena, evacuations of altered blood from bowels. Melananmia, a morbidity of blood (cont. dark particles). Melancholia, insanity with great depression. Melanoma, any morbid growth cont. black pigment. Melanopathia, excess of black pigment in skin. Melanosis, conditn. of system with black pigment. Melasma, excess of pigment in skin. Mellituria, syn. Sugary wine. Menidrosis, vicarious menstruation by the skin. Meningo-cerebritis, inflamtn. of pia mater implicating sub- - jacent cortical substance. Meningo-myelitis, inflamtn. of spinal meninges implicating spinal cord. Menopause, “change of life” in female. Memorrhagia, excessive menstruation. Metrorrhia, bleeding from womb (not menstrual). Mentagra, affections of the chin. Mentagrophyton, fungus-plant of sycosis. 346 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Metamorphosis, change of higher tissue into lower. Metastasis, -ic, change of position of disease. Metralgia, pain in the womb. Metritis, inflamtn. of the womb. Miasm, the malarial poison. Micrococci, spherical bacteria. Microsporom, fungus-plant of Phytosis. Micturation, passing of urine. Migraine, syn. Megrim. Miliaria, a vesicular eruptn. of skin. Milium, syn. Gratum Mimosis, phenomena of one dis. imitating another. Miscarriage, a premature labour. Mogigraphia, syn. Writer's cramp. Mollities ossium, condition of sys, with deossified bones. Molluscum, term applied to soft tumours of skin. Morbid, diseased. Morbidity, diseased. Morbific, causing disease. Morbilli, syn. Measles. Morphaea, a circumscribed form of scleroderma. Mucoid degeneration, degentn. producing mucus. Moza, counter irritation produced by burns. Multilocular, consisting of numerous small spaces. Mumps, an acute infect. febr. dis. with swelling of salivary glands. Muscae volitantes, appearance of black spots, &c., on field of vision. Myalgia, pain in a muscle. Mycetoma, syn. for Fungus-foot of India. Aſycoderma, certain vegetable organisms infesting the skin. Mydriasis, excessive dilation of pupil. Myelitis, infimtn. of spinal cord. Myeloma, sarcoma with myeloid cells. Myocarditis, inflamtn. of walls of heart. Myopia, condition of eye; lens with too short focus. Myosis, excessive contractn. of pupil. Myositis, inflamtn. of a muscle. Myzaedema, a dis, with tissues invaded by mucous yielding dropsical swelling. Necro-brosis, molecular death of a tissue without loss of con- tinuity. 347 PHARMACists' POCKET-BOOK. Necropsy, the examination of the body after death. Necrosis, death of a portion of tissue (bone). Neoplasms, new growths. Nephralgia, an affection of the nerves of kidney. Nephritic, appertaining to the kidneys. Nephritis, inflamtn. of the kidney. *gia, a dis. of sensory nerves, with paroxysmal pain. Neuritis, inflamtn. of a nerve. Neuroma, a tumour connected with a nerve. Neuroses, functional affections of nervous system. Nictitation (or Victation), involuntary winking. Nigrities, blackness of the skin. Noctambulation, sleep walking Node, a circumscribed swelling in bone (usually syphilitic). Noma, syn. Cancrum oris. Nosophyta, a group of cutaneous affectns, due to fungi. Nostalgia, a melancholia with desire to return home. Nyctalopia, night blindness. Nymphomania, mental derangement in women (irritable sexual desire). Nystagmus, an involuntary movement of the eyeball. GEdema, a dropsical effusion of cellular tissue. OEstrus, a genus of dipterous parasitic insects (gadflies). Oidum albicans, a vegetable parasite associated with thrush. Oinomami, syn. dipsomania. Oligaemia, deficiency of blood. Omagra, gout in the shoulder. Omamism, syn. Masturbation. Onychia, an inflamtn. of matrix of nail. Onychogryphosis, curvature of the nails. Onychomycosis, parasitic disease of the nail. Ophiasis, aleopecia areata, assuming a serpentine form. Ophthalmia, inflamtn. of superficial parts of eye. Ophthalmitis, inflamtn. of whole of eye. Opisthotºmos, tetanic spasm, with backward curvature. Orchitis, inflamtn. of testicle. Orthopmata, difficult breathing, causing inability to lie down. Orthotomos, tetanic spasm, causing rigid extension. Osmidrosis, a condition of perspiration with foetid smell. Osteitis, infimtn. of bone. Osteocopic, aching (pains in bones). 348 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-B00K. Osteo-malacia, syn. Mollities ossium. Osteo-myelitis, inflntn. of medulla of bone. Osteo-sarcoma, sarcomatous growth connected with bone. Ostalgia, pain in the ear. Otitis, infimtn. of the ear. Otorrhea, discharge from the ear. Oxyuris, a genus of nematoid parasites (threadworms). Ozana, chronic foetid discharge from nose. Pachymeningitis, syn. Inflamtn. of dura mata. Pallor, deficiency of healthy colour. Palsy, syn. Motor paralysis. % shaking, syn. Paralysis agitans. fºil, { pertaining to a marsh. Papilloma, a tumour of hypertrophied papillae. Papula, a pimple. Paracentesis, the tapping of a cavity. Paraesthesia, sensations due to excessor diminution of feeling, as tingling, itching. &c. - Paralysis, syn. Palsy, Paresis; loss of power of voluntary existing muscle, Paralysis agitans, a paralysis of old age, with trembling of limbs. Paramenia, irregular menses. Paraphimosis, conditn. of penis with prepuce drawn back, immovable and strangulating parts in front. Parasites, organisms deriving nutriment from other living organisms. Parenchymatous, mºrbid processes affecting the proto- plasmic or active elements of tissue. Paresis, partial paralysis of motion. Paronychia, infimtn. close to a nail: a whitlow. Paroxysm, periodic attacks in certain diseases. Pathogenic, relating to the causation of disease. Pathognomic, relating to the symptoms characteristic of disease. Pathology, the science of disease. rºy, sounds of auscultation heard as coming from chest. Pediculi, lice. rº. erythrema appearing on parts of skin exposed to ight. 349 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Pelodera, a genus of free “nematoids.” Pelvic cellulitis, infinitn. of cellul. tissue among pelvic organs. Pelvic harmatacele, a blºody tumour within the pelvis. Pelvic peritomitis, infimtn. of peritoneum, portion around pelv. organs. Pemphigus, syn. Pempholyx, a skin disease. Pentastoma, a gºnus of entozoa. Perica:cal abscess, ab-cess in cellul. tissue around caecum. Pericarditis, infimtn. of pericardium. Perihepatilis, infimtn. of capsule of liver. Perinephritis, influntn. of cellul. tissue around kidney. Periproctitis, infimtn. of cellul, tissue around anus. Peritonitis, infimtn. of peritoneum. Perityphilitis, infimtn. of connectv. tissue around caecum. Pertussis, syn. Whooping cough. Pestis, syn. Plague. Petechiae, small red spots on skin. Phagendanna, an ulcer rapidly disintegrating surrounding tissues. Phimosis, condition when prepuce cannot be retracted. Phlebectasia, a spreading or increase of minute veins of skin of muc. surfaces. Phlebitis, infimtn. of veins. Phlebolith, a concretion within a vein. Phlegmaria dolens, syn, white leg. Phlyctanna, a small vesicle contg. fluid. Phlyctis, a (larger) vesicle filled with ser, fluid. Phlyzacium, acute pustules with inflamed base. Photophobia, intolerance of light. Photopsia, sensation (subject v.) of flashes of light. Phthiriasis, skin disease caused by lice. Phthisis, pulmonary consumption. Physometra, conditin. with collection of gas in uterus, Phytosis, plant formation in skin. Piarhwmia, condition of blood contg. free fat. Pica, craving for unsuitable articles of diet. Pituitous, thick and adhesive (phlegm). Pityriasis, a brawny exfoliation of skin. Placentitis, inflintn. of placenta. Plague, a specific fever, attended by bubo and sometimes carbuncle. Plethora, overdistention with blood. Pleurisy, infimtn. of pleura. 350 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. Pleurodynia, syn. Intercostal myalgia, musclr. rheumtsm. affectg. chest-wall. Pleuro-pneumonia, inflamtn. of pleura with infim. of lungs, Pleurothotonos, tetanic spasm, body bent to one side. Plica polonica, felting of hair arising from neglect. Pneumatocele, hernia of the lung. Pneumonia, influltn. of the substance of the lungs. Pneumo-pericardium, collection of gas in pericardium. Podagra, gout in the foot. Podalgia, pain in the foot. Polydipsia, syn. Excessive thirst. Polypus, any simple pedunculated growth growing upon a mucous surface. Polysarcia, syn. Obesity. ** maladies charactzd. by thirst and excessive watery utine. Pompholyz, syn. Pemphigus. Porrigo, eruptions on scalp and face. Praesystolic, antecedent to the ventricular systole. Presbyopia, impaired vision (of old age), focus too long. rº erection of the penis unnatural or too long con- tinued. Prickly heat, an eruption of small pimples, with heat and itching. Procidentia, a falling down of certain organs. Proctitis, infimtn. of the anus or rectum. Prodromata, syn. for Premonitory symptoms. Prolapsus, a (serious) falling down of an organ. Prophylactic, relating to prevention of disease. Prostatitis, infimtn. of the prostate gland. Prurigo, itching of the skin. Pruritus, perverted sensation of the skin, witn itching. Pseudocyesis, spurious pregnancy. Psoas abscess, a spinal abscess associated with psoas magnus muscle. Psoriasis, syn. Lepra of Willans. Psychosis, v. Sycosis. Psydracium, a small non-inflamty. pustule. Ptosis, drooping of, with inability to raise, upper eyelid. Ptyalism, excessive flow of saliva. Pulmonary Apoplery, a certain form of haemorrhage into lungs. Purpura, cutaneous hamorrhages. 351 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Pustule, a vesicle of the skin containing pus. Pyaemia, blood poisoning by a morbid material. Pyelitis, infimtn. of the pelvis of kidney. Pylephlebit is, infimtn. of branches of portal vein. Pyonephritis, infimtn. of kidney followed by formation of abscess. Pyopmewmothoraz, a condition of pleural cavity contg. pus and gas. Pyrexia, elevation of body heat (fever). Pyrosis, waterbrash. Pyuria, a condition of urine containing pus. Quartan, a form of ague with paroxysm returning after two days’ intermission. Quinism, symptoms due to excess of quinine. Quins.y, acute infimtn. of tonsils. Rabies, a non-febrile dis. due to a specific poison. Rúles, certain sounds heard in auscultation. Ramollissement, softening of organs, especially of cent. nerv. system. Redgum, an eruptive skin dis. of infants. Relapsing fever, a contind. contg. fever without eruption, with relapse at intervals, Remittent fecer, a paroxysmal fever, with remitting paroxysms. Retching, an ineffectual effort at vomiting. Retinitis, infimtn. of retina. Rheumatic arthritis, a dis. of the joints associated with rheumatism. Rheumatism, acute, an acute febrile dis. with pyrexia, sweats, &c., and shifting inflntn. of joints. Rheumatism, chronic, a disease of the joints of chronic course. Rhonci, certain signs heard in auscultation. Rickets, a general dis. of nutrition, affecting the bones and other structures. Rigor, syn. Shivering fit. Ringworm, a dis. of hair follicles spreading in an annular manner. Risus sardonicus, an expression of face usually observed in tetanus. Roseola, an affection of the skin (with crimson tint). 352 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Rubella, a specific eruptive fever, accompanied by rose-red spots on skin. Rubeola, syn. Measles. Rupia, crusts forming over foul ulcers of syphilis and lupus. Sacchorrhoa, discharge of sugar in any excretion or discharge. Salivation, excessive flow of saliva. Sarcocele, any solid enlargement of testicle. Sarcoma, a tumour formed from modified embryonic con- nect v. tissue. Satyriasis, morbid sexual desire in males. Scabies, simple inflntn. of skin prod. by acarus scabiei and the scratching. Scaldhead, a popular term, syn. Kerion. Scarification, the making of incisions. Scarlatina, syn. Scarlet fever. Scarlet fever, an infect. spec. fever, with redness of throat, red rash, &c. Sciatica, neuralgia in district of the sciatic nerve. Schirrus, a hard, glandular, cancerous tumour. Sclerema neonatorum, a dis. of the newly born, charactzd. by tense skin. Scleroderma, a dis. characterized by hardness of skin. Scleroma, hardness o the softer tissues. Sclerosis, a disease of the spinal cord. Sclerostoma, a genus of strongyloid parasites. Scorbutus, syn. Scurvy. Scrofula, a morbid affection of the absorbent glands. Scurvy, a dis. resulting from lack of fresh vegetables in diet. Scybala, feces in hard lumps. Sea-sickness, a dis. of nerv. System prod. by motion of ship. Seineiology, syn. Symptomology. Septicaemia, the condition produced by septic matter in the blood. Sequelae, symptoms occurring after certain diseases. Serpiginous, creeping (ulcers or cancers). Shampooing, a treatment by rubbing and kneading. Shingles, popular name for herpes zoster. Shock, sudden depression of functions by an injury or emotion. Sibilant, whistling (rāle or rhoncus). Singultus, syn. Hiccup. Skodaic, high pitched (resonance). 353 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. Skoliosis, syn. Curvature of spine. Slough, dead matter resulting from gangrene, ulcers, &c. Small-poz, an acute, spec., infect. dis., with fever, eruption, &c. Snuffles, the condition of nasal discharge in syphilitic children. Solis ictus, syn. Sunstroke. Somniloquy, talking in sleep. Sopor, an unnaturally deep sleep. Sordes, crusts forming upon teeth, lips, in cases of exhaustion. Souffle, soft blowing sounds (heart, vessels, lungs). panaemia, a condition of too-thin blood. pasm, abnormal contraction of muscle. permatorrhoea, involuntary discharge of semen. phacelus, the process of, or matter resulting from, mortifi- cation. pina bifida, a malformation of spine. gº." tribe of spiral º pirochaete, syn. Spirillum. plenization, spleen-like condition of lung. poradic, occurring occasionally. quamae, scales on skin. Squinting, syn. Strabismus. Stadium, a stage in disease. Staphyloma, limited protrusion of tissues of eyeball. Stasis, local arrest of circulation. Steorrhoea, syn. Steatorrhoea (seborrhoea), flux of fatty secro- tion from skin. Steatoma, an atheromatous cyst. Stenosis, a constriction of tube or opening. Stercoraceous, dung-like (vomit). Stertor, sounds as of snoring in throat. Sthenic, strong, vigorous. Stiff neck, muscular torticollis. Stillicidium, falling by drops. Stomatitis, inflamtn. of the mouth. Strangulation, constriction of a tube preventing passage. Strangury, conditn. with desire to micturation, which is painful and in drops. Stricture, a contraction of duct, tube, or opening. Stridor, a peculiar noisy (harsh, musical, or crowing) breathing. Stroke, an attack of apoplexy or paralysis. Strongylus, a genus of neamatoid worms. - 2 A 354 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. Strophulus, a papular eruption of skin (folliculitis) in infants • Struma, syn. Scrofula. Strumous, scrofulous. Stupor, partial loss of consciousness. Sub-acute, between acute and chronic (disease). Subsultus tendinum, twitching of tendons. Succussion, shaking as a method of physical examination. Sudamina, ninute vesicles upon the skin. Suffusion, abnormal pouring out of fluid into tissues. Suggilation, dark appearance caused by extravasatn. of blood. Suppression, complete stoppage (not merely retention). Suppuration, formation of pus. Swine-poz, a form, possibly, of small-pox, with imperfect development of pustules. Sycosis, a form of folliculitis upon the face. Syncope, suspension of animation from failure of heart. Synovial, relating to the joints. Syphilis, a specif., contag., non-infect. dis., communicated by absorptn. at broken surface, or by hereditary transmission. Syringomyelia, a condition with cavities in spinal cord. Systolic, belonging to the heart's contractn. or systole. . Tabes, a wasting. Tabes mesenterica, tubercular or scrofulous wasting of me- senteric glands. Tache, a patch or spot (upon skin). Taenia, syn. Tape-worms. A genus of cestode entozoa. Tarantism, a dancing mania, formerly epidemic in Italy. Tenesmus, sensation of fulness and weight about anus, with straining at stool. Tertian, intermitt. fever, paroxysms recurring at third day, or 48 hours. Tetanus, syn. Lock-jaw. A dis. characterized by spasm of muscles. Tetany, a neurosis with recurring tonic spasms. Tetter, a “tickling and itching scab" upon the skin. Thoracentesis, tapping (centesis) of the chest. Thread-worm, the oxyuris or seat-worm. Thrombosis, coagulation of fibrin in heart, blood-vessels, or lymphatics. Thrush, some forms of stomatitis from aphtha, &c. Tic-douloureuz, neuralgia of the fifth nerve. Tinea, dis. of skin from vegetable parasites. The parasites. Titubation, stumbling, staggering gait. 355 PHARMACISTS' PoCKET-BOOK. Tomic, (spasms) with muscles continuously contracted. Tophus, concretions, especially those of gout Tormina, colicky or griping pains in abdomen. Torpor, mental and bodily inactivity. Torticollis, twistg. of neck on º's Wry neck. Torula, microscopic fungi of the Örd. Saccharomycetes, Tozaemia, poisoning of the blood (from intern. conditns). Trance, a sleep-like state, occurring spontaneously. Traumatic, connected with a wound or injury. Tremor, clinic spasm consistg. of movements of small am- plitude. Trichiasis, a conditn. with eye-lashes turned inwards. Trichina, a genus of nematoid worms (flesh-worms). They are killed at 1709 F. Trichinosis, the dis. produced by trichinae. Trichocephalus, a genus of nematoid worms (whip-like). Trichomomas vaginalis, a spermatozoon-like animalcule in vaginal mucus. Trichophyton, a genus of parasitic fungi which cause tinea. Trismus, tetanic closure of the jaw. Trismus Nascentium, a form of tetanus in newly-born infants. Tubercle, “a little lump of any kind.” Tubercular, characterized by tubercles. Tuberculosis, the production of tubercle. Tumour, a swelling (caused by new growth). Tunnel-worm, syn. Sclerostoma duodenale. Turgescence, a swollen condition. Tussis, syn. A cough. Tylosis, thickenings of epidermis from pressure, friction, &c. Tympanites, distension of abdomen from gas. Typhlitis, inflamtn. of caecum. Typhoid fever, a continued ſever of long duration, with eruptn., enlargement of spleen, diarrhoea, and peculiar intestnl. lesions. Typhus, a contagious febrile dis., with peculiar dark rash and considerable cerebral depression. Ulcer, a solution of continuity on an epithelial or endothelial surface, secreting pus. Uraemia, nervous symptoms occurring in dis. which prevent secretn. or discharge of urine. Urticaria, a form of erythrema with burning and itching. Nettle rash. - 2 A 2 356 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. Waginitis, inflamtn. of the vagina. Waginismus, a chronically inflamed and excoriated conditn, of the hymen and neighbouring parts of vagina. Varicocele, a varicose condition of the veins of spermatic cord. Variola, syn. Small-pox. Venesection, abstraction of blood by opening a vein. Verruca, a wart. Vertigo, syn. Dizziness; Swimming of the head. Vesicle, a minute bladder upon the skin. Vibices, stripe-like discolorations up in the body. Vicarious, expressing substitution of one for another. Virulent, intense or malignant (disease). Virus, any contagious material. Vitiligo, a dis. with piebald condition of skin. Wolvulus, syn. Intussusception. Womica, an ulcerative space in lung communicating with bronchi. Water on the brain, syn. Hydrocephalus. Wazy disease, syn. Albuminoid disease. White gum, syn. Strophulus albidus. White leg, syn. Phlegmasia dolens. Whites, syn. Leucorrhoea. Whitlow, an acute inflnntn. of a digit, tending to terminate rapidly in suppuratn., and not limited to matrix of nail. Whooping-cough, an infect. specif. dis., with spasmdc cough, affecting children. Wrist-drop, a form of paralysis affecting the wrist. Xanthelasma, a yellow lamina in the outer stem. Xanthoma, a peculiar kind of yellow growth. Xeroderma, an atrophy of the skin, with dryness, roughness, and greyish discoloration. Yellow fever, a pestilential and contag. fever, of continuous and special type. - Zona, syn. Zoster; a form of herpes running half-way round the trunk. Zymotic, Zyme, the poison of epidemic, endemic, and contag. diseases. 357 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. CONTENTS OF AN ANTIDOTE BAG. INSTRUMENTs. Bistoury, forceps, and tubes, for tracheotomy. Catheter, flexible No. 8. Lancet, bleeding. [childn. Stomach-pump or tube, small opsoph. tube for Syringe, brass, with suitable canula for Syringe, hypodermic. [transfusion. EMETics. Apomorphine Hydrochlor, 2% soln. B P : dose, Ipecacuanha, powder. [2 to 8 ml. Mustard. Zinc sulphate. ANTIDot Es. Acid, Acetic. Acomitine (English) soln, 1 in 240; dose, 1 to 4 in. Aºirie Capsules contg. 5 in. Atropine Sulphate, 1 in 100, the Liq, B.P.: dose, 1 to 4 m. Brandy. Chloral. Chloric Ether. Chloroform. Digitalis, tincture. Iodine, in pot, iodide. Iron dialysed, Wyeth's or other good. Magnesia, calcined. ' Morphine meconate (10%: dose, from 5 m). Muscarine (5%: dose, from 10 ml). Pilocarpine nitrate (5%: dose, 10 ml). Sal volatile. Strychnine nitrate (2%: hypod, dose, 2 to 3m). Sannin. Turpentine Oil (must be French). 358 PharMAcists' pocket-Book. DOMESTIC TREATMENT IN CASES OF POISONING. - In case of poisoning, a medical man should immediately be sent for. The following is a list of substances recom- mended for domestic use in cases of emergency, by A. W. Blythe, M.R.C.S., in his well-known work on Poisons. (1) The Multiple Antidote. Saturated soln. Sulphate of Iron 100 parts. Water - - - - 800 ºr Magnesia . . . . . . . . . . 88 Animal charcoal (kept in the dry state, mixed) - - - 44 y. Given in wine-glass doses in poisoning by arsenic, zinc, opium, digitalis (foxglove), mercury, or strychnine. Useless in poisoning by phosphorus, antimony, or caustic alkali. § Calcined Magnesia, for use in poisoning by acids. (3) French Turpentine,for phosphorus poisoning. (4) Powdered Ipecacuanha as an emetic, dose 30 grains; or Zinc Sulphate, dose 25 to 30 grains. (5) A tin of Mustard (as emetic). General directions.—First administer an emetic followed by the multiple antidote; this is not poisonous. For phosphorus, give French Turpentine; half drachm doses every half-hour. For acids, give Calcined Magnesia. For alkalies, give Vinegar. Preserve the vomit, &c., if intentional poisoning be suspected. § SYMPTOM'S AND TREATMENT IN CASEs of PoisonING. Poison. Symptoms. Treatment. Acetic acid, gla- cial. Aconite . . . . “Monkshood.” “Wolfsbane.” “Blue Rocket.” Alcohol . . . . Brandy, &c. Almonds, oil of bitter. Ammonia .. Corrosion, perforation ? odour, abdom. pain, collapse. Tingling and numbness, warmth at pit stom., para- lysis from below up. Pulse and resp. depressed. Mind clear. Intoxication, giddiness. Lips livid, convulsions, coma, stupor, &c. See Hydrocyanic acid. Burng... pain in mouth, stom., chest. Membr. swollen, red. Diffict. breathg., bloody vomitg. Pulse slow. Pallor, loss voice, &c. Not stom.-pnp. Soap and water. Lime, magnesia. Milk, oil, thick gruel. Morphia agst, shock. Stom.-pmp. or emet. Stimulants. Atropia hypoderm. Keep warm and recumbt. Digitalis hypoderm. Amyl nitrite. Artif. respirn. Stom.-pnp. or apomorph. hypoderm. Battery. Coffee. Douche. Amyl nitrite. Not stom.-pnp. Vinegar, lemon juice. Demul. drinks. Tracheo- tomy. Inhal. of steam or chlorfm. Morphia hyderm. for shock. § SYMPToMs AND TREATMENT IN CASEs of Porsox ING—continued. Poison. Symptoms. Treatment. Antimony ... .. Tartar emetic, &c. Aquafortis - - Arsenic . . . . Wermin killers, &c. Arum macula- tum. Cuckoo - pint, Lords and ladies, Cows and calves, Wake-robin. Metal. taste, vomitg., choking senstn. Stom. pain, purg- ing. Thirst, cramps, cold sweatg. Head congestn., faintness. Pulse and breathg. weak. Collapse. See Nitric acid. Faintness, depression, burng. pain. Vomitg., purging, Cramp, tightness in throat, thirst. Pulse slow, breath painful. Skin clammy. Col- lapse. Vomitg., purging, convulsns., Pupil dilat., coma. Tong. swells. Tannic or gallic acid. Tea, coffee. Demult. drinks. Stimults. Mor- phia hypoderm. Stom.-pmp. or apomorph. hypoderm. Empty and wash stom. well. Dialys. iron. Magnesia, castor oil. Stimults. Mucil. drinks. Warmth. Morphia hypoderm. Emetic. Castor oil. Coffee. £ - - SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT IN CASEs OF PoisonING—continued. Poison. Symptoms. Treatment. Atropine . . . . Belladonna. Barium ... .. Baryta. Belladonna .. Deadly Night- shade, &c. Benzol. -- Benzine-ene. Brucine .. Calabar Bean .. Camphor . . . . See Belladonna. Vomitg., pain in bowels. Purg- ing. Pulse and breathg. dis- turbed. Cramp, parals., gid- diness. Mouth, throat hot. Eyes sparklg., face flushed. Pupil dilat. Delirium, staggering, Rash 2 Narcotic. Twitchings, diffic. breathg. Head noises. Same as Strychnine. See Physostigmine. Odour, faintness, languor, deli- rium, convulsns., coldns. Pulse quick. Breathg. diffict. Stom.-pmp. or emetc. Sulphates. Warmth. Stimults. Morph. hypo- derm. Stom.-pnp. or emetc. Stimults. Coffee. Pilocarp. hypoderm. Artif. respn. Stimults. Bat- or emetc. Stom-pmp. Douch oucine. Atrop. hypoderm. tery. Artif. resp. Stom.-pnp. or apomorph. hypoderm. Stimults. Warmth. Douche. £ SYMPTOMs AND TREATMENT IN CASEs of PoisonING—continued. Poison. Symptoms. Treatment. Cantharides ... Burn. pain throat, stomh. Stom.-pmp. (?) or emetc. Demul. Spanish fly. Diarrh., salivtn., album. drink, no oil. Morphia. Baths, urine. High temp., head- linsd. poult. Carbolic acid .. Carbonic acid .. Choke damp, same for Carb. oxide. Caustic pot.orsod. Chloral .. ache, quick pulse. Insensbty, convuls. Burng. pain mouth, stomh. Muc. memb, white hardnd. Skin cold, pupils controt. Urine dark. Insensbty., coma, &c. Collapse. Pains head, throat. Giddns, sleepns. Insensbty. Heart, breath hurried. Coma. See Potash. Sleep, loss musclr. power, reflex actn., sensbty. Diminsh., stert. breathg. Stom-pmp. or emetc. Soda or sacch. lime. White egg. Castor oil. Stimults. Warmth. Battery. Atrop. hypoderm. Nitrite amyl. Bleed- ing. fresh air. Artif. respn. Ammonia respo. Friction. Stimults. Oxygen. Douche. Transfusn. or bleedg. (?) Stom.-pmp. or emetc. Warmth. Rousing. Coffee. Strychn. hypo- derm. Nitrite amyl. Artif. respn. É SYMptoms AND TREATMENT IN CASEs of PorsonING—continued. Poison. Symptoms. Treatment. Chlorine .. Tightns., irrit., chest, cough. Fresh air. Inhale steam, dilut, am- Diffic. breathg., swallg. mon., sulph., hydgn., chlorfm.,ether. Chloroform. . . . If swallowed. Stom-pmp. or emetc. Carb. soda soln. Rousing. Musta. to heart. Nitrite amyl. If inhaled. Fresh air. Douche. Artif. resp. Nitrite amyl. Battery. Choke damp, v. p. Chromium. . . . Chromates, &c. Coal gas . . . . Cocculus Indicus. Colchicum ... .. Meadow saffron. Vomitg., purging. Cramps, depressn. Suppressn. urine. Pupils dilat. Giddnss., insensbty. Diffic. breathg. Asphyx. Coma. See Picrotoxine. Throat Vomitg., purging. Sweat, irritn. Thirst. twitchgs. Delirium. Stom.-pnp. or emetc. Magnes, carb., chalk. Gruel. Musta. to heart. Also as for Carbonic acid. Stom.-pnmp. or emetc. Tannic, gallic acid. Demul. drink. Stimults. Morphia. : SYMPTOMs AND TREATMENT IN CASEs of PoisonING—continued. Poison. Colocynth . Comine Hemlock Copper Croton oil . Curarine .. Cyanides Daturine Symptoms. Vomitg., purging. Cold. Weak pulse. Collapse. ... Staggering, loss of musc. power, sight. Diffic. breathg. swallg. Asphyxia. ... Colic, gripng. Metal. taste. Vomitg., purging. Thirst, sweatg., coldness, giddiness, coma. . . . . Abdom. pain, purging, vomitg. | Cold skin, collapse. Paralysis of motors and respirn. ... . . . See Hydrocyanic acid. ... ... Treat as for Atropine. Treatment. Stom.-pnp. or emetc. Camphor and similar to colchicum. Stom-pmp. or emetc. Tannic, gallic acid. Warmth. Artif resp. Sti- mult. Atropia hypodm. Stom.-pmp. or emetc. Demul. drink. Morphia hypodm. Linsd. poult. Stom.-pmp. or emetc. Camphor. Stimults. Morphia. Gruel. Linsd. poult. Artif, respn. Stimults. Ligature and wash wound. 3 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT IN CASEs of PoisonING—continued. Poison. Symptoms. Treatment. Digitalis -- Abdom. pain, purging, vomitg. Stom.-pmp, or emetc. Stimults. Foxglove. Headache, small pulse. Tannic acid. Keep patnt. lying. Delirium, convulsns. Cold skin, sweat. Pupils dilat. Ergot . . . . . . . Tingling, cramps, vomitg., | Stom-pmp. or emetc. Tannic, gallic diarrh. acid. Nitrite amyl. Stimults. Keep warm, lying. Ether ... .. Anaesthetic action . . . . . . . Artif. resp. Fresh air. Douche. Stimults. Blows on chest if heart stopd. Fly powders. Generally arsenic. Gas .. See Coal gas. Gelsemium... . . . Giddns. Pain eyes, brows, Stom.-pnp. or emetc. Douche. double sight, weekness, suf- focation, coma. Stimults. Artif. respn. # SYMPTOMs ANd TREATMENT IN CASEs of PoisonING—continued. Poison. Symptoms. . Treatment. Hydrochloric acid | Burng, pains. Vomitg., thirst, Not stom.-pnp. Bicarbonate soda. Muriatic acid. &c. Magnesia, lime water, soap water. Spirits salts. Demul. drinks. Morphia hypod. Hydrocyanic acid Insensbty. Pupil dilat., skin || Stom-pmp. or emetc. Ammonia Prussic acid. Hyoscyamine .. Iodine. . . . Jaborandi .. Laburnum .. Lead .. cold, sweatg. Diffic. breathg. Same treatment as Atropine. Vomitg., Stom, throat pain. faintns. purging, giddns., (Starch test). Same treatment as Pilocarpine. Purging, vomitg., drowsiness, convulsions. Metal. taste, thirst, colic, cramps, cold sweat, paralysis. inhald. Stimults. podm. Artif, respir. Atropia by- Battery. Stom.-pmp. or emetc. Starch. Nitrite amyl. Morphia. Stom.-pnp. or emetc. Douche. Stimults. Coffee. Stom-pmp. or emetc. Sulphates. Iodide potas. Morphia. º SYMPTOMs AND TREATMENT IN CASEs of Poisoning—continued. Poison. Symptoms. Treatment. Nitric acid ... Corrosion, vomitg. Abdom. | Not stom.-pnp. Magnesia, lime pain. Diffic. breathg. water, &c. Gruel, oil, &c. Mor- Nitro-benzo! .. Artif. ess. al- monds. Nitrous oxide .. Opium Ozalic acid Phosphorus .. (Matches.) Physostigmine .. Calabar bean. Nausea, diffic. breathg., drow- sins., stupidity. Coma. Anaesthesia . . . . . . See Morphine. Vomitg., purging, cramps, &c. Odour. spots. Womitg. Delirium, &c. Purple Faintns., prostratn. Twitchg., giddis. No delirm. phia hypodm. Tracheoty. 2 Stimults. Battery. Stom.-pnmp. or emetc. Douche. Artif. respn. Atropia hypodm. Fresh air, oxygen. Artif, respn, Chalk, sacch. lime. Purgats. No potash, soda, or ammonia. Emetc. French oil turp. Copper sulphate. Purgat. Stom.-pnp. or emetc. Stimul. Artif. , respn. Atropia hypodm. Chloral. Strychnia hypodm. É SYMPTOMs AND TREATMENT IN CASEs of PorsonING—continued. Poison. Symptoms. Treatment. Lemons, salt of... I See Oxalic acid. Lobelia . . . . . Vomitg., giddiness, tremors, Stom-pmp. or emetc. Tannic acid. convulsns. Depression, Warmth. Stimults. Keep lying. Morphia . . . . Muscarine . . . . Flyfungus (Mushrooms). Nicotine .. Nitrate of Po- tassium Saltpetre. collapse. Intoxicn. Sleep. Pupils con- tract. Respirn. and pulse slow, depresd. Colic, purging, vomitg., ex- citmt. Coma. See Tobacco. Nausea, vomitg., purging, cold- ness, tremors, convulsns. Paralysis. Collapse. Stom.-pmp. or emetc. Rouse. Inhal. ammonia. Douche. Battery. Atrop. hypodm. Nitrite amyl. Artif. respn. Stom.-pmp. or emetc. Stimults. Castor oil. Warmth. Atropia hypodm. Stom-pmp. or emetc. Demul. drinks. Stimults. Warmth. Ni- trite amyl. Atropia hypodm. 3 SYMPTOMs AND TREATMENT IN CASEs of PoisonING—continued. Poison. Symptoms. Treatment. Picrotozine Vomitg., weakness. Sleep. Stom.-pmp. Chloral. Pot. bromide. Eruption. Pilocarpine Sweatg., salivatn. Headache, Atropia hypodm. or Belladonna by quick pulse. mouth. Potash.. Caustic taste. Corrosion. Not stom.-pnp. Vinegar, lemon Painful purging, skin cold. juice. Oil. Demul. drink. Prussic acid Resorcin .. Savin . . . . Sewer gas .. See Hydrocyanic acid ... .. Prickling of skin, giddis. Sweatg. Insensbty. White lips, dry tongue. Vomitg., painful purging. Coma, convulsns. Livid lips, conjunctivae in- jectd., pupils dilatd. and in- sensible. Tonic convulsns., high temp. Stom.-pnp. or emetc. Albumen, soda, sacch. lime. Sti- mults. Warmth. Battery. Nitrite amyl. Atropia hypodm. Emetc. Linsd. poult. Purgat. Morphia hypodm. Fresh air. Artif. respn. Ammonia. Stimulants. Coffee. Hot and cold douche. s § SYMptoms AND TREATMENT n CASEs of PoisonING—continued. Poison. Symptoms. Treatment. Snake bite .. -- - Cauterisation and ligature. Stimu- lants. Permanganate. Liquor po- tassae. Artif. respn. Ammonia injectn. Soda .. See Potash. Soothing syrup . . . See Opium. Stramonium .. (Thorn apple.) Strychnine .. Tartaric acid Pupils dilatd., delirium, rash on skin, paralysis. Coma. Convulsns. - - - - See Acids. Convulsns. ... .. Stom.-pmp. or emetc. Coffee. Sti- mulants. Pilocarp. (hypoderm). Artif. respn. Mustard douche, &c., to limbs. Stom.-pmp. or emetc. Pot. bromide. Animl. charcl. Nitrite amyl. Curare. Artif. respn. Alkalies (potash and soda) and am- monia not suitable. Use lime, castor oil. g SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT IN CASEs of PoisonING—continued. Poison. Symptoms. Treatment. Tobacco Turpentine Veratrine . Zinc .. Womitg., dim vision, weak pulse, and cold skin. Intoxication, coma, collapse, pupils contractd. Thirst, vomiting, painful diarrh. Headache, weak pulse. Painful vomitg., quick pulse and breathg., paralysis, conna. Stom.-pmp or emtc. Stimulant. - Strychnia (hypoderm). Tannic -- acid. Hot applictn. to skin. Keep lying. Stom.-pnp, or emetc. Apomorphia if necess. Magnes. sulph. De- mulct. drink. Stom.-pnp. or emetc. Coffee. stimu- lants. Warm applictn. and keep lying. Potass, or sod. carb. Tannic or gallic acid, milk, eggs. Morphia (hypod.). 372 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. POSOLOGICAL TABLE. Taken from the Pharmacopoeia of Guy's Hospital, and supplemented with metrical equivalents. gr. = grain. G. = Gramme. Maximum Dose. Age. oºid Sixty Twenty (= 8 fl. 3). Grains Grains. c.C. G. G. 1 month .. 30 m = 1.8 || 3 gr. = 0. 19 || 1 gr. = 0.06 3 months - | 4 gr. = 0.26 - - 6 , , 40 m = 2-4 || 6 gr. = 0-39 || 2 gr. = 0-13 9 , - -- 7 gr. = 0:45 - 1 year 1 fl. 3 – 3.5 §§ Eº a gr. =0.19 2 years ... [1+ f1.3 = 5-3 10 gr. = 0:58 4 gr. = 0-26 3 * - | fl. 3 = 5-3 12 gr. = 0.78 || 4 gr. = 0:28 4 ,, .. 2 fl. 3 = 7-1 15 gr. = 0-97 || 5 gr. == 0:32 * ... .. 3, #3 = , , is: E.; 3: Eq.35 6 , . 3 fl. 3 = 10:6 20 gr. = 1-30 || 7 gr. = 3:45 7 : . 3+ fl. 3 = 12-4 25 gr. = 1.62 || 8 gr. = 0-52 8 . . 4 fl 3 = 14-2 30 gr. = 1.94 10 gr. = 0-65 10 , . 4+ fl. 3 = 16:035 gr. = 2.27 12 gr. = 0-78 12 , . 5 fl. 3 = 17:7 40 gr. = 2'59 14 gr. = 0-9. 13 , . 5; fl. 3 = 19.5 - 15 gr. = 0-97 15 ,, ... 6 ####. 45 gr. = 2-92 16 gr. = 1°04 18 , , . 6+ fl. 3 = 23:0 - 17 gr. = 1° 10 20 , ... 7 fl. 3 = 24'850 gr. = 3-24 18 gr. = i. 17 20 to 45 years1 fl. 3 = 28.4 60 gr. = 3-89 20 gr. = 1°30 50 years .. # fl. 3 = 24: 850 gr. = 3-24 18 gr. = 1° 17 60 to 70 years 6 fl. 3 = 21.3 45 gr. = 2.92 16 gr. = 1°04 80 to 90 , 5 fl. 3 = 17-7 40 gr. = 2'59 14 gr. = 0-91 100 years 4 fl. 3 = 14-2 30 gr. = 1.94 10 gr. = 0. 65 § TABLE showing THE Boiling Points of OFFICINAL SUBSTANCEs, U.S.P. (with B.P. added when stated and not identical). - Name. • C. o F. Acidum Carbolicum ... ... 181–186 357-8–366-8 iss-39 c.; 3:10 F. B.P. (not higher). Aºther . . . . . . . . . . 37 98 : 6 AEther Aceticus . . . . . . 76 168-8 Alcohol 91% . . . . . . 100 212 Aqua . . . . . . . . . . 76 168-8 Amyl Nitris - - - - - - 96 205 90–100° C.; 194–212° F. B.P. Benzinum . . . . . . . . 78 172-4 Bromum - - - - - - - - 50–60 122–140 57 2–62-8°C.; 135–145° F. B.P. Camphora . . . . . . . 205 401 Camphora Monobromata .. 274 525 Carbone Bisulphidum .. 46 114-8 Chloroformum Purif. . . . 60–61 140-142 (= 4–1% Alcoh.). Chloral (hydrate) . . . . 95 203 94-4-96.7° C.; 202–206°F. B.P. Creasotum . . . . . . . . . 200–220 392–428 Glycerinum. . . . . . . . 290 554 (with decomposition). Hydrargyrum . . . . . . 350 662 Oleum Sinapis Vol. . . . . 148 298 - 4 About 147.8° C.; 298°F. B.P. Spir. AEtheris Nitrosi - - 63 145 - 4 Thymol . . . . . . . . 230 446 Boiling-points of the above are in most instances not given in the B.P. º: TABLE of MELTINg Points of Owficinal Substances (from Remington's Pharmacy). Name. • C. • F. Name. • C. • F. Acid. Acetic. Glac. .. 15 59 Zinci Chloridum . . . . 115 239 Sodii Sulphas . . . . 30 86 Iodoformum . . . . . . . 115 239 Oleum Theobromae ... 30–35 86–95 Piperina. . . . . . . . . 128 262-4 A deps . . . . . . . . 35 95 Resina . . . . . . . 135 275 Sodii Carbonas (crys.).. 35 95 Strychninae Sulphas . . 135 275 Acid. Carbolic. (crys.)... 36–42 96.8–107.6 || Ammonii Sulphas ... 140 284 Sodii Phosphas . . . . . . 40 || 104 Codeina . . . . . . . . . 150 302 Petrolatum . . . . . . . 40–51 || 104-123-8 || Chrysarobinum . . . . . 162 323-6 Phosphorus . . . . . . 44 111-2 Ammonii Nitras . . . . 165–166 329–330-8 Sevum . . . . . . . . . 45–50 113–122 Santoninum . . . . . 170 338 Sodii Hyposulphis .. 50 122 Camphora . . . . . . . 175 347 Cetaceum . . . . . . 50 122 Acid. Salicylic. . . . . 175 347 Thymol . . . . . . . . 50 122 Acid. Chromic. . . . . . 190 374 Quinina . . . . . . . . 57 134-6 Salicinum . . . . . . 198 388-4 Chloral . . . . . . . . 58 136-4 Aluminii Sulphas . . . 200 392 Cera Flava . . . . . . . 63–64. 145-4–147-2 Argenti Nitras . . . . . 200 392 Camphora Monobromata 65 149 Picrotoxinum . . . . . 200 392 Cera Alba . . . . . . 65 149 Elaterinum . . . . . . . 200 392 Pot. et Sod. Tartras . . 75 167 Cinchoninae Sulpnas . . 240 464 Quininae Valerianas .. 90 194 Cinchonina . . . . . . . 250 482 Alumen . . . . . . . . 92 197 - 6 Hydrarg. Chlorid. Corr. 265 509 Acid. Citric. . . . . . . 100 212 Strychnina . . . . . . 312 593-6 Atropina . . . . . . 114 237-2 Sodii Nitras . . . . . . . 312 593-6 Iodum . . . . . . . . 114 237-2 Potassii Nitras . . . . . .340 644 Sulphur Lotum ... ... 115 239 Argenti Iodidum . . . . . 400 752 § TABLE showng. The SP. G.R. of the LIQUIDs, etc., specified IN the BRITIsh PHARMA copoeia. Name. **** Name. ** Acetum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017–1019 || AEther Acetic. - - - - - £900 -- Canthar. . . . . . . . . †1060 , Purus . . . . . . - *720 -- Scillae . . . . . . . . 1038 Alcohol Amylic. . . . . - - 818 Acid. Acet. 1-044 Ac. Acet. Dil.. 1006 , Ethylic. . . . . - **00 -- • Glac. . . . . . . . . 1058 Amyl Nitris . . . . - #880 • Carbol... . . . . . . . . . 1060–66 || Aqua Dest. . . . . - 1000 -- -- Liq. . . . . . . . 1064–67 || Chloroform. . . . . - 1497 , Hydrobrom. Dil. - - - - 1077 Creasotum . . . . -- 1071 , Hydrochlor. - - - - - - 1160 Glycerinum ... .. - 1250 -- -- il... - - - 1052 Liq. Acid. Chrom. - 1185 , Hydrocy. Dil. . . . . . . 997 , Ammon. -- - 959 * Lactic. . . . . . . . . . . 1210 -- -- Fort -- - 89.1 -- -- il. . . . . . . . . 1040 -- -- Acet. .. - 1022 ... Nitric. . . . . . . . . . . 1420 -- -- ,, Fort. - 1073 -- , Dil. . . . . . . . . 1101 -- -- Citr - - - 1062 ,, Nitro-hydrochlor. Dil. .. 1070 -- -- , Fort. - 1209 , Oleic. . . . . . . . . . . . 860-890 ,, Antim. Chlor. .. . . ; 1470 .., Phosph. Conc. . . . . . . 1500 , Arsenic. . . . . . . - 1010 -- , Dil. . . . . . . . . 1080 -- -- Hydrochlor. - 1010 º, Sulphuric. . . . . . . . . 1843 ,, As. et Hg Iodid. .. - 1016 -- -- Arom. - - - - 911 , Bi. et Am. Citr. .. - 1070 -- -- Dil. .. -- 109.4 Calcii Chlor. . . . . - 1145 ... Sulphuros. . . . . . . . . 1025 ,, ., Chlorin. .. - 1055 Æther . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 -- -- Sacc.. . . . - 1052 * = not exceeding; + = not below; t = about. § TABLE showING The SP. Gr. of THE LIQUIDs, Etc.—continued. Sp. Gr. ----- Name. A.'s 1000. Name. **w. Liq. Chlori . . . . . . . . . . 1003 || Spir. Am. Foet. . . . . . . . . 847 , Ferri Acet. . . . . - - 1031 || , Armorac. Co. . . . . . . . .920 -- -- , Fort. . . . . . . 1127 Camph. . . . . . . . . . . . 4850 -- -- ial. . . . . . . . . . ;1407 , Chlorofm. . . . . . . . . . 871 -- , Perchlor. . . . . . . . 1110 , Rect. . . . . . . . . . . 838 -- -- -- Fort. . . . . 1420 , Ten. . . . . . . . . . . 920 -- ,, Pernitr. .. -- 1107 Syrupas . . . . . . . . . . . . 1330 -- -- Persulph. . . . . . . 1441 Syr. Aurant. . . . . . . . . . . 1282 , Plumb. Subacet. . . . . . . 1275 -- -- Flor. . . . . . . . 1330 , Potassae . . . . . . . . . . 1058 , Chloral . . . . . . . . . . 1320 ,, Sodas - - - - - - - - 104.7 , Ferri Iod. . . . . . . . . 1385 , , Chlorin... . . . . . . 1054 || , , Phosph. . . . . . . 1305 ,, ., Ethylat... . . . . . . 867 || , Hemides. . . . . . . . . . t1335 ,, Zinci Chlor. . . . . . . . . 1460 , Limon. . . . . . . . . . . . t1340 Mori Succus . . . . . . . . . . . .1060 , Mori - - - - - - - - - - 1330 Oleum Eucalypti . . . . . . . . £900 , Papav. . . . . . . . . . . . t1330 ,, Pini Sylv. . . . . ... #870 ,, Rhei . . . . . . . . . . . .1310 ,, Santali - - - - - - - 1960 ,, Rhead. . . . . . . . . . ; 1330 ... Sinapis . . . . . . . . . 1015–20 , Rosae Gall. - - - - £1335 Paraffin. Dur. - - - - - - 82-940 || ,, Scillae .. . . . . . ;1345 -- Moll. (at M. Pt.) . . . 84–870 || ,, Sennae . . . . . . . . II.310 Spir. AEtheris - - - - - - - - 809 , Tolut. . . . . . . . . . . 1330 -- -- Nitr. . . . . . . . 840–5 || Theriaca . . . . . . . . . . . . 1400 , Am. Arom. . . . . . . 886 ; TABLE showing the Sr. Gr. of OFFICINAL SUBSTANCEs (U.S.P.), in order of Density, slightly altered from Remington's Pharmacy. The figs. in () show No. of drops to make 60 m (Talbot). Sp. Gr. spor, Name. Aq. 13 fl. Name. "..." | 1 3 fl. – 1000. I = gr. – 1000. = gr. Benzinum T.T.T.T.. 670–675305-307 Aqua Ammonia. Fort. (66).. Tºo TT 410 AEther Fortior (176) 725 330 Oleum Eucalypti . . . . . . . 900 410 AEther . . . . . . . 750 342 Oleum Menthae Pip. (129 ... 900 410 Spiritus Ammoniae. . . . . . . 810 369 | Oleum Menthae Wir. . . . . . 900 410 Alcohol (146). . . . . . . . 820 374__ Oleum Rosmarini (143) ... 900 410 Spiritus AEtheris Nitrosi (146) [823–825.375–376 Acid. Oleicum. . . . . . . . 1900–910410–415 Manna . . . . . . . . . 834 - Oleum Adipis . . . . . . . . 1900–920,410–419 Petrolatum . . . . . . . . 835–860 — Oleum AEthereum . . . . . . 910 415 Oleum Erigonitis . . . . . . 850 387 Oleum Sabinae. . 910 415 Oleum Limonis (129) . . . . . 850 387 Oleum Amygdalae Amar. (115)|914-920,416–419 Qleum Aurantii Florum .. 850-890.387-405 Oleum Sesami. . . . . . . . .1914—923.416–420) Oleum Terebinthinae (136) .. 855–870,390-396 Oleum Olivae . . . . . . . . 915–918,417–418 Oleum Aurantii Corticis ... 860 392, Spiritus Frumenti . . . . . . .917-930,418–424 Oleum Rosae (132). . . . . . . .860 392 || Oleum Cari (132) . . . . . . . 920 419 Oleum Bergamii (130). . . . [860-890,392–406. Oleum Cajuputi ... . . . . . 920 419 Oleum Coriandri . . . . . . . 870 396 || Oleum Chenopodii. . . . . . . 920 419 Oleum Juniperi (148) . . . . . .870 396 || Oleum Cubebae (125) . . . . . 920 419 Amyl Nitris . . . . . . .872-874,397–398 Oleum Succini. . . . . . . . . 920 || 419 Oleum Rutae . . . . . . . . . 880 401 | Oleum Morrhuas . . . . . . 1920–925.419–421 Oleum Thymi... . . . . . . . 880 401 | Oleum Gossypii Sem. ... ... 1920–930419–424 Spiritus Ammon. Arom. (142) 885 403 || Spiritus Vini Gallici ... ... [925–941421–424 AEther Aceticus . . . . . . . 889-897,405-409 Alcoho; Dilutum (137)... ... 928 423 Oleum Copaibae (123) . . . . 890 405'5 Oleum Myristicae . . . . . . 930 424 Oleum Lavandulae (138) 890 405' 5 | Oleum Lini .. 936 426 Oleum Lav. Florum ... ... 890 405.5 Adeps 938 - § TABLE showng The SP. G.R. of OFFICINAL SUBSTANCEs (U.S.P.)—continued. Sp. Gr. Sp. Gr. Name. "... 13 fl. Name. '... 13 fl - 1000. = gr. - 1000. = gr. Oleum Hedeomae .. 940 428 || Liquor Ammon. Acet. (75) 1022 466, Oleum Tiglii (104) .. 940–955 428-435|| Acid. Sulphuros. (59) ... 1022–1023 466 Copaiba (110) ... . . . . . 940-993 428-453|Thymol (solid) . . . . . . 1028 - Cetaceum . . . . . . . . 945 — || Limonis Succus . . . . . . 1030 469 Oleum Santali - 945 431 || Creosotum (122). . . . ... 1035–1085,472–494 Oleum Valerianae 950 433 Liquor Potassae (62). . . . 1036 472 Tinct. Ferri Acet. 950 433 || Oleum Cinnamomi (126). 1040 474 Oleum Ricini (77) . . . . . 950-970 433–442|| Oleum Myrcia. . . . . . . . . 1040 474 Acid. Sulphuric. Arom. (146) 955 435 | Oleum Pimentae . . . . . . 1040 474 Cera Flava . . . . . . . . . 955–967 - Oleum Amygd. Amar (no Aqua Ammoniae -- 959 437 HCy) (115) . . . . ... 1043–1049,475–478 Oleum-Foeniculi (125) 960 437-4|| Liquor Soda Chloratae (63) 1044 476 Cera Alba . . . . . . 965–975 - Acid. Acetic. (108) . . . . 104.8 477 Oleum Picis Liq. . . . 970 442 Acid. Hydrochlor. Dil. (60) 1049 478 Oleum Anisi (119) . . . . . 976–990 445-451. Liquor Ferri Nitrat. (59).. 1050 478 Tinct. Ferri Perchlor. (150) 980 446 Oleum Caryophylli (130). 1050 478 Vinum Rubrum. . . . . . . 980–1010,451–460|| Acid. Acetic. Glac. . . . . .1056–1058.481–482 Camphora 990–995 — Acid. Phosphoric. Dil. (59) 105.7 482 Vinum Album ... .. 990–1010,451–460|| Acid. Nitric. Dil. (60) .. 1059 482 - 5 Aqua Destillata (60).. 1000 455-7 || Liquor Potass. Citrat. .. 1059 482-5 Liquor Calcis . . . . . . 1000-5 456 Liquor Soda. . . . . . . 1059 482-5 Acidum Acetic. Dil. (68). 1001-3 || 459 Oleum Cinnam. (oil of Oleum Sinapis Vol. ... ... 1017–1021463-465|| Cassia) . . . . . . . . 1060 483 Fel Bovis - - - - 1018–1028 – NotE.—The oz. fl. of U.S.P. is not equal to the oz. fl. of the B.P. Thesp. gr. of any liquid may of course be obtained by weighing 1 fl. oz. in grains, and dividing the weight found by the number of grains in a fluid ounce of water (455-7 U.S.P.). 379 PHARMACISTs' PockFT-BOOK. CoMPARISON OF DIFFERENT THERMoMETERs. - - - Nahren- ºftwaumur. * | *|Raumur. ** + 260 +208 + 500 +225 + 180 +437 259 207-20 498-20 224 179 - 20 485-20 258 206 - 40 496 - 40 223 178° 40 438-40 257 205 - 60 494-60 222 177 60 431-60 256 204-80 492 - 80 221 176-80. 429 - 80 255 204 491 220 176 428 254 203-20 489:20 219 175 ° 20' 426-20 253 202°40|| 487 -40 218 174-40 424 - 40 252 201 - 60 485-60 217 173*60 422-60 251 200 - 80 483 - 80 216 172-80. 420 - 80 250 200 482 215 172 419 249 199:20 480-20 214 171 ° 20' 417-20 248 198: 40 478-40 213 170 - 40 415-40 247 197' 60 476.60 212 169 - 60 413 - 60 246 196'80. 474-80 211 168-80. 411 - 80 245 196 473 210 168 410 244 195 ° 20' 471-20 209 167 - 20 408-20- 243 194-40, 469-40 208 166-40, 406-40 242 193 - 60 467-60 207 165' 60 404 - 60 241 192: 80. 465-80 206 164 - 80 402-80 240 192 464 205 164 401 239 191-20, 462 - 20 204 163 - 20 399-20 238 190-40, 460-40 203 162-40. 397 -40 237 189' 60 458-60 202 161-60. 395 - 60 236 188' 80. 456-80 201 160-80, 393.80 235 188 455 200 160 392 234 187 - 20, 453-20 199 159 - 20 390-20 233 186°40' 451-40 198 158 - 40 388-40 232 185' 60 449-60 197 157 - 60 386-60 231 184-80, 447 - 80 196 156-80 384-80 230 184 446 195 156 383 229 183° 20' 444-20 194 155-20 381 - 20 228 182°40′ 442-40 193 154-40. 379-40 227 181-60. 440-60 192 153-60. 377-60 226 180-80 438-80 191 152-80, 375-80 380 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. CoMPARIson of DIFFERENT THERMoMETERs—continued. Centi - - 'ahren- ºf "Reaumur. ** | * Reaumur. *. + 190 + 152 |+374 | + 155 + 124 |+311 189 151'20 37.2-20 154 123-20 309-20 188 150°40' 370-40 153 122°40' 307-40 187 149' 60 368 - 60 152 121 - 60 305 - 60 186 148' 80, 366 - 80 151 120-80, 303-80 185 148 365 150 120 302 184 147 ° 20' 363-20 149 119-20 300-20 183 146° 40′ 361-40 148 118-40. 298-40 182 . 145 601 359-60 147 117 - 60 296 - 60 181 144 '80) 357 - 80 146 116-80 294 - 80 180 144 356 145 116 293 179 143 - 20 354 - 20 144 115-20 291-20 178 142°40′ 352 - 40 143 114 - 40 289-40 177 141 - 601 350-60 142 113 - 60 287 - 60 176 140 - 80 348 - 80 141 112-80. 285-80 175 140 347 140 112 284 174 139 - 20 345 - 20 139 111-20 282-20 173 138-40. 343 - 40 138 110 - 40 280-40 172 137 - 601 341 - 60 137 109 - 60 278-60 171 136-80 339 - 80 136 108-80. 276 - 80 170 136 338 135 108 275 169 135-20 336-20 134 107-20 273-20 168 134-40. 334-40 133 106:40 271-40 167 133-60. 332' 60 132 105 - 60 269 - 60 166 132-80, 330-80 131 104-80) 267-80 165 132 329 130 104 266 164 131 - 20 327-20 129 103-20 264 - 20 163 130-40 325-40 128 102-40) 262-40 162 129-60 323 - 60 127 101-60) 260' 60 161 128' 80, 321 - 80 126 100-80 258'80 160 128 320 125 100 257 159 127 ° 20' 318-20 124 99-20 255-20 158 126'40. 3.16-40 123 98-40. 253 - 40 157 125 - 601 314 - 60 122 97' 60 251-60 156 124-80, 312-80 121 96-80 249-80 381 PHARMACISTs' POCKET-Book. CoMPARISON of DIFFERENT THERMoMETERs—continued. i e hren- ‘.... Reaumur. *." +120 +96 +248 119 95-20 246-20 118 94-40 244-40 117 93 - 60 242' 60 116 92-80 240 - 80 115 92 239 114 91 - 20 237 - 20 113 90 - 40 235 - 40 112 89 - 60 233 - 60 111 88-80 231 - 80 110 88 230 109 87 - 20 228-20 108 86°40 226 - 40 107 85 - 60 224 - 60 106 84 - 80 222 - 80 105 84 221 104 83-20 219 - 20 103 82°40 217-40 102 81 - 60 215-60 101 80-80 213 - 80 100 80 212 99 79 - 20 210-20 98 78 - 40 208 - 40 97 77 - 60 206' 60 96 76 - 80 204 - 80 95 76 203 94 75 - 20 201-20 93 74-40 199 - 40 92 73 - 60 197 - 60 91 72-80 195 - 80 90 72 194 89 71-20 192-20 88 70-40 190-40 87 69' 60 188: 60 86 68-80 186-80 Centigrade or Celsius. Réaumur. Fºr +68 +185 67 - 20 183 - 20 66-40 || 181 - 40 65' 60 179-60 64-80 || 177-80 64 176 63 - 20 174 - 20 62-40 || 172 - 40 61 - 60 170 - 60 60-80 || 168-80 60 167 59 - 20 165-20 58-40 || 163-40 57-60 | 161-60 56-80 || 159 - 80 56 155 55 - 20 156 - 20 54 - 40 154-40 53- 60 152-60 52-80 || 150-80 52 149 51-20 | 1.47 - 20 50-40 || 145 - 40 49' 60 | 1.43-60 48 - 80 | 1.41 - 80 48 140 47 - 20 || 138-20 46-40 || 136-40 45' 60 || 134-60 | 44-80 || 132 - 80 44 131 43 - 20 | 129-20 42-40 | 127 - 40 41-60 | 125 - 60 40-80 || 123-80 382 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. CoMPARISON OF DIFFERENT THERMoMETERs—continued." Centigrade Fahren- || Centigrad Fahren- ...'." Réaumur. *. ºil." Raumur. heit. + 50 +40 + 122 +20 + 16 + 68 49 39 - 20 120 - 20 19 15-20 66-20 48 38° 40 118 - 40 18 14-40 64-40 47 37 - 60 116-60 17 13' 60 62 - 60 46 36 - 80 114 - 80 16 12' 30 66 - 80 45 36 113 15 12 59 44 35-20 111-20 14 11-20 57-20 43 34-40 109' 40 13 10-40 55 - 40 42 33 - 60 107 bo 12 9-60 53- 60 41 32-80 105 - 80 11 8' So 51 - 80 40 32 104 10 8 50 39 31-20 102-20 9 7-20 48-20 38 30-40 100-40 8 6-40 46-40 37 29 - 60 98 - 60 7 5-60 44' 60 36 28 - 80 96 - 80 6 4 - 80 42' 30 35 28 95 5 4 41 34 27-20 93-20 4 3-20 39 - 20 33 26 - 40 91 - 40 3 2-40 37 -40 32 25 - 60 89 - 60 2 1-60 35' 60 31 24 - 80 87 - 80 1 0-80 33-80 30 24 80 0 0 32 29 23:20 84-20 —l 0-80 30-20 28 22° 40 82°40 2 1 - 60 28-40 27 21 - 60 80 - 60 3. 2-40 26- 60 26 20 - 80 78. 80 4 3-20 24 - 80 25 20 77 5 4 23 24 19-20 75-20 6 4 - 80 21-20 23 18-40 73°40 7 5-60 19-40 22 17 - 60 71 - 60 8 6-40 17 - 60 21 16 - 80 69 - 80 9 7-20 15-80 10 8 14 Ž TABLE of THE SoLUBILITY of some MEDICINAL SUBSTANCEs IN WATER, ALCOHOL, ETHER, CHLoROFORM, GLYCERIN. s = soluble; sp = sparingly; v = very; or = in all proportions; i = insoluble; n = nearly; 3 = statements various. Parts of One Part issol. in ** | ** alsº tº: Ether. Chlorof. Glycer. Acid. Arsenic. . . . . 2 - - - - - 5 ,, Arsenios. opaq... 80 9 141 sp - - 5 ,, Benzoic. . . . . 500 15 3 1 3- 18 s - , Boric. . . . . . . 25 3 15 5 - - 10 ,, Carbolic. anhy. . . 20 co -- co oc Oc oc , Chromic. - - v S v s d - i \d ,, Citric. . . . . . . • 75 • 5 1 : • 5 n i n i o , Gallic. . . . . . . 100 3 4-5 l 39 sp - , Lactic... - - oc co oo co co ni - , Meconic. . . . . 150 d s s - - - , Oleic. . . . . . . i - Oc oc co co - ,, Oxalic, crys. . . 8-71 1 6-8 s 79 i 7-5 ,, Phosphoric. - - - - - - - - , Picric. . . . . . . i sp s s s s - , Pyrogallic. . . . . 2 - 1-1 R sp - - - s . TABLE OF THE SOLUBILITY of some MEDICINAL SUBSTANCEs n WATER, ETC.—continued. Parts of One Part is sol. in * * flºº. Alcoh. *::: Ether Chlorof. Glycer Acid. Salicylic. . . . 450 14 2-5 v s 1-98 55 195 ... Succinic. . . . 19 •83 •8 - 79 i - , Sulphuros. . . . . - - - - - - , Tannic. -- • 6 s • 6 W. S. 100 n i 3 , Tartaric. . . . . - • 5 2-5 -2 250 ni - , Valerian. ... 30(20°C.) — -- ~~ - - - Acaciae Gummi s s i i - - - Aconitina. . . . . . . 150 50 s s s s - Aether . . . . . . . . sp - - - - --- - Aether Aceticus .. - 10 - oo - ~~ --> - - Alcohol Amylic. . . . . sp - co --> Qo - - -- Ethyl. . . . . co or - - -- co co Alumen . . . . . . . . 10-5 • 3 i i i i 2-5 Aluminii Hydras i i i i i i i -- Sulphas.. 1-2 V. S. ni ni - - - Ammon. Benzoas.. 5 1-2 28 7-6 - - - -- Bromid... 1-5 -7 150 15 - - - -- Carbonas 4. d d d i - 5 -- Chlorid... 3 1-4 8-3 s - - 5 -- Iodid. .. 1 • 5 9 3-7 - - - § TABLE of THE Solubility of some MEDICINAL SUBSTAxces n WATER, etc.—continued. Parts of One Part is sol. in *}; * *** Alcoh. º: Ether. Chlorof. Glycer. Ammon. Nitras . . . . • 5 - 20 3 - - - -- Phosphas .. 4 V s i i - - - • Sulphas. . . . 1-3 l sp sp - - - -- Valerianas W. S. W. S. v S v s - - - Amyl Nitris .. i - Co - - - - Antimon. Chlorid. -- d d - - - - --> -- Oxidum ni ni i i i i - , Sulphid. i i i i - - - -- Pot. Tart. .. 17 3. i i - - 18-2 Apomorph. Hyd.-chlor. 6-8 d 50 d - - - Argenti Cyanid. .. i i i i - - - -- Iodid. .. - i i i i - - - , Nitras . . . . 1 : ‘5 : 26 : 4 : - - - -- Oxid. ni ni i i - - - Arsenii Iodid. 3-5 d 10 d s - - Atropina . . . . 600 35 8 V. S. 59-8 3 35 Atrop. Sulphas -4 v s 6-5 V s - - 3-03 Bals. Peruv. .. i - s - - s - , Tolut. .. i - s - - - - Barii Chlorid. 2-5 1-5 - - - - 10 C Ž Table of the Solcanirty of some Medicnal Substances in WATER, etc.—continued. Parts of One Part is sol. in * º: *** Alcoh. tº: Ether. Chlorof. Glycer. Beberinae Sulphas -- - s - - - - Benzinum . . . . . . i i 6 - -> - - Benzol . . . . . . . . v sp - s - - c- - Bismuth. Carb. (oxy.) .. i i l i i i i -- Citras . . . . i i i i — — — -- et Am. Citras v s v s sp sp — — - -- Oxid. . . . . i i l i — — - -- Subnitras .. i i i i - - - Borax . . . . . . . . 16 • 5 1 - - - 1 Bromoform. . . . . . . v sp - s - s - - Bromum.. - - - 33 - s (d) - º s ºr. Brucine . . . . . . . . 850 500 V 8 v S - - 44-4 Butyl-Chloral-Hyd. .. 50 - 1 - - n i 1 Caffeina . . . . . . . . 75 9-5 35 w s sps 10 - Calcii Bromid. . . . . -7 v s 1 v s - - - º, Carb. . . . . . . i i i i i - , Chlorid. . . . . 1-5 v s s 1-5 - - - * Hypophos. . . . . 6-8 6 i i - - - , Phosphas . . . . i i i i i i - , Hydras . . . . 781 1300 - - - - s º TABLE of THE Solubility of some MEDrcnal Substances IN WATER, Etc.—continued. Parts of One Part is sol. in - # º *** Alcoh. *::: Ether. Chlorof. Glycer. Calcii Sulphas . . . . 38.2 400 - - - - - Calx Chlorinata . . . . part part - - - - - , Sulphurata . . . . part part - - - - - Camphora . . . . . . 840 – '83 (80%) s s i -- Monobromat n i ni W. S. v S - - - Carbonei Bisulphid. .. i i s - Co. co i Cerii Oxalas . . . . . . i i i i - - - Cetaceum . . . . . . i i - s s s - Chinoidinum . . . . . . n i - s s part s - Chloral Hydras . . . . v s v S s s s 4 s Chloroformum . . . . 100 - s - •o - i Chrysarobinum . . . . v sp - — 100 R sp - - - Cinchonid. Sulphas . . 100 4. 71 12 s n i - Cinchonina . . . . . . n i ni 110 28 385 40 200 Cinchoninae Sulphas . . 70 14 6 1 - 5 ni s - Cocainae Hydrochlor. .. s ... — s - s - - Codeina . . . . . . . . 80 17 V s v s s - ºxo Creasotum . . . . . . sp - s - s - oc - Cupri Acetas. . . . . . 15 5 135 14 - - 10 ,, Nitras . . . . . . s s s s - - - Ž TABLE of The Solubility of some MEpicrºAL SUBSTANCEs n WATER, etc.—continued. Parts of One Part is sol. in *}; º: *% º: Alcoh. tº: Ether. Chlorof. Glycer. Cupri Sulphas . . . . 2-6 -5 i i - - 3-33 Elaterinum . . . . . . i i 125 2 i s - Ferri Chlorid. - - - - v s v s v s v s - - - , Citras . . . . . . s v s i i - - - ,, et Am. Citras . . v s W. S. i i - - - -- -- Sulphas.. 3 • 8 i i - - - -- -- Tartras.. V 8 v S. i i - - -- ,, et K -- - - V 8 v 8 i i - - - ,, , Quin. Citras . . s v S i i - - - ,, ., Strych. , , -- V 8 v S i i - - - , Hypophosphis .. Sp sp i i - - - , Lactas . . . . . . 40 12 n i ni - - - , Oxalas . . . . . . sp º i i - - - , Phosphas . . . . i i i - - - -- -- --- - - - V s W. S. i i - - - , Pyrophos. . . . V 8 v s i i - - -- , Sulphas - - - - 1-8 •3 i i - - 4 , Valerianas . . . . i d v 8 v s - - - Glycerinum . . . . . . - co - - i i - Gutta Percha. . . . . . i i 1. i - s - Ž TABLE of the Solubility of some MEDICINAL SUBSTANCEs IN WATER, Etc.—continued. Parts of One Part is sol. in §§ º Alcoh. *::: Ether. Chlorof. Glycer. Hydrarg. Chlor. Corr. .. 16 2 3 1-2 4 - 1 - 13-33 -- , Mite .. i 1 i i - - - , Cyanid. . . . 12-8 3 15 6 - - 3-73 -- Iodid. Rub. .. ni In 1 130 15 - - - -- ,, Vir. . ni ni i i - - - -- Oxidum. . . . i i i i - - - -- Subsulphas . . i 1 1 i - - - -- Sulphidum .. i i i i - - - -- Ammoniat. .. i 1. i i - - - Hyoscyaminae Sulphas V 8 v s V s v s - - - Iodoformum ... . . . . i i 80 15 s s - I'dum . . . . . . . . sp - 11 - s s 52-63 Lithii Benzoas . . . . 4 2-5 12 10 - - - , Bromid. . . . . v S V s v 8 V. S - - - , Carb. . . . . . . 130 130 i i - - - , Citras . . . . . . 5 : 5 2-5 sp sp - - - , Salicylas . . . . v S v S v S v S - - - Magnesia . . . . . . ni ni i i - - - Magnesii Carb. . . . . n i ni i i - - — , -- Sulphas - -8 15 i i - - - 3. TABLE of the Solubility of some CHEMICAL SUBSTANCEs in WATER, Etc.—continued. Morphina .. Paraffin. Dur. Parts of One Part is sol. in - * * 1% º Alcoh. * Ether. Chlorof. Glycer. Magnesii Sulphis. . . . 20 19 i i - - - Manganesii Oxid... .. i i i i - - - -- Sulp -- -7 -8 i i - - - Menthol . . . . . . . . sp - s - 8 - - - - - v sp 500 100 36 - 60 222 Morphinae Acetas. . . . 12 1 - 5 68 14 - - - -- Hydrochlor. 24 -5 63 31 - - - -- Sulphas . . 24 • 75 702 144 - - - Papaverina . . . . . . - - - - s s - -- i i ni n 1 s - - -- Moll. . . . . i - i s s s - Phosphorus . . . . . . i i v sp v sp 142 - 500 Physostigmina . . . . sp sp s s - - - Physostig. Salicylas .. 130 30 12 v 8 - - - Picrotoxinum . . . . 150 25 10 3. - - - Pilocarpinae Hydrochlor. V s W. S. v S v s - - - -- Nitras . . 9 - sp s - - - | Piperina. . . . . . . . ni - 30 1 ni - - Plumbi Acet. - - - - 1-8 •5 8 1 - - - ,, Carb. - - - - i i i i - - - 3. TABLE of The Solubility of some CHEMICAL SUBSTANCEs n WATER, etc.—continued. Parts of One Part is sol. in * * ſº. Alcoh. tº: Ether. Chlorof. Glycer. Plumbi Iodid. . . . 2000 200 v sp v sp - - - -- Nitras . . . 2 • 8 ni n i - - - ,, Oxid. - - - i i i i - - - Podophylli Res. . . . i - s - part - - Potassa . . . . . . . • 5 v S 2 W. S. - - - Potassii Acet. - - • 4 V. S. 2-5 v s - - - -- Bicarb. . . . 3-2 d ni ni - - - -- Bichrom. - 10 1 - 5 i i - - - , Bitart. . . . 210 15 sp v sp - - - -- Bromid. . . . 1 *6 1 200 16 - - - -- Carb. - - - 1 .7 i i - - - -- Chloras . . . 16-5 2 v sp v sp - - - -- Citras . . • 6 v S v sp v sp - - - ,, Cyanid. . . 2 l sp sp - - - -- et Na Tart. 2-5 v S ni n i - - - -- Ferrocynd. 4 2 i i - - -- Hypophos. . . • 6 •3 7-3 3-6 - - - , Iodid. . . . . -8 • 5 18 6 - - - ,, Nitras . . . . 4 •4 ni ni - - - -- Permangan. .. 20 3 d d - - - 3. TABLE of THE Solubility of some CHEMICAL SUBstances IN WATER, Etc.—continued. Parts of One Part is sol. in º º: flºº. Alcoh. *::::: Ether. Chlorof. Glycer Potassii Sulphas . . . . 9 4. i i - - - , Sulphis . . . . 4 5 Sp sp - - - ,, Tart. - - - - -7 • 5 n i ni - - - Quinidinae Sulphas . . 100 7 6 2 - - - Quinina . . . . . . . 1600 700 6 2 s s - Quininae Bisulph. . . . . 10 v S 32 v s - - - ,, Hydrobrom... 16 1 3 (1) - - - -- Hydrochlor. .. 34 1 3. v s - 10 - , Sulphas . . . 740 30 65 3 i i 24 -- Tannas . . . . v sp s s s - - 200 -- Valerianas . . 1 10 40 5 1 - - - Resina . . . . . . . . i i - s s s - Saccharum . . . . . . • 5 • 2 178 28 i i s -- Lactis . . . . 7 l i i - - - Salicinum . . . . . . 28 •7 30 2 - - - Santoninum . . . . . . ni 250 40 3. - - - Sodii Acetas . . . . . . 3. 1 30 2 - - - , Arsenias . . . . 4. W. S. v sp 60 - - - , Benzoas - - - - 1-8 1-3 45 20 - - - , Bicarb. . . - - - 12 d i i - - - 3. TABLE of The Solubility of some CHEMicAL SUBstances IN WATER, etc.—continued. Parts of One Part is sol. in §: ſº | Alcoh. *::: Ether. Chlorof. Glycer Sodii Bisulphis . . . . 4. 2 72 49 - - - , Bromid. - - - - 1-2 -5 13 11 - - - , Chloras.. - - - 1 - 1 • 5 40 43 - - - ,, Chlorid. - - - - 2-8 2-5 ni ni - - - , Hypophos. . . . . l • 12 30 l - - - , Hyposulphis . . 1 - 5 • 5 i i - - - ,, Iodidum - - - - • 6 • 3 1-8 1 - 4 - - - , Nitras . . . . . . 1-3 • 6 sp 40 - - - ,, Phosphas . . . . 6 2 i i - - - , Pyrophos. . . . . 12 1 - 1 i i - - - , Salicylas . . . . 1 - 5 v S 6 v s - - - , Santoninas . . . . 3 -5 12 3-4 - - - , Sulphas -- 2-8 4. i i - - - • Sulphis. . . . . . 4 -9 sp sp - - - , Sulphocarbol. .. 5 •7 132 10 - - - , Valerianas . . . s s s s - - - Strychnina . . . . . . 6700 2500 110 12 v sp 8 - Sulphur Lotum . . . . i i i i - - - Thymol . . . . . . . . 1200 900 1 v S. s s 120 Weratrina .. -- 9000 1000 3 v S. s s - 3. TABLE of The Solubility of Sonſ E CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IN WATER, Etc.—continued. Parts of One Part issol. in * * ſº". Alcoh. *::::: Ether. Chlorof. Glycer. Zinci Acetas. . . . . . 3 1 - 5 30 3 - - - , Bromid. - - - - v S v S V. S. v s - - - ,, Carb. Ppt. . . . . i i i i - - - ,, Chlorid. - - - - v s W. S V s v s - - - ... Iodid. . . . . . . v s W. S. w s v S. - - - ... Oxid. . . . . . . i i i i - - - ,, Phosphid. . . . . i i i i - - - ,, Sulphas - - - - • 6 • 3 i i - - - , Valerian. . . . . 100 - 40 - - - - , Sulphocarbol. .. 2 - 2 - - - - Note. —This table is derived from several sources, principally from the B.P., the U.S.P., and the Codex Med...: the statements of solubility vary, but usually not to an extent likely to interfere with the use of the table as an aid to the prescriber or dispenser of medicines. § Table shºwnc. The behaviour of organic Substances with Inniscipline Solvents. From Allen's ‘Commercial Organic Analysis." On agitating the substance with water, acidulated with sulphuric acid, and a suitable solvent immiscible therewith (such as ether, chloroform, amylic alcohol, benzene, or petroleum ether), the following distribution will occur – The Acmoulared Aqueous Liquid will contain carbohydrates, soluble alkaloids and acids, organic ºases, proteids, &c., which may be further separated by adding a moderate excess of and again shaking with a suitable immiscible solvent, when there will be obtained:– THE IMMrsonale LAYER will contain hydrocarbons, oils, rarious acids, resins, colºuring matters, phenºls, glucosides, &c., which may be further separated by agitating the liquid with water containing caustic soda, when there will be obtained:- IN THE ALKALINE AQUEous Liquin- Carbohydrates, as sugars, gums, dextrin. Sºluble Alcohols; as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, gly- IN. The IMMisciple LAYER– Most Vegetable Alkaloids; as quinine, strychnine, aconi- time, atropine, nicotine, (cinchonine, morphine, the last two with difficulty). Coal Tor Bases; asaniline and its homologues (rosaniline)," chrysotoluidine (pyridine), homologues of pyridine. certn. Soluble Acids; as acetic, ox- alic, lactic, malic, tartaric, sulphophemic. Certain Alkaloids or Organic Bases; as curarine, urea, glycocine, solanine, and possibly cinchonine, mor- phine, and pyridine. Certain Colouring Matters; as indigo products. Proteids and their Allies; as albumin, casein, gelatin. crotoxin. IN THE ALKALINE AQUEous IN THE IMMisciplk Layeh- Liquid- solid Hydrocarbons; as pa- Fatty Acids; as stearic, oleic, raffin, naphthalene, anthra- valeric. ce *ne. Various other Acids, as ben- Liquid Hydrocarbons; as zoic, salicylic, phulalie, in-con- - Acid Dyes and Colouring Mat- Essential oils; as turpentine. ters; as picric and chryso- Nitro-compounds; as nitro- phanic acids, alizarin, benzene. aurin, bilirubin. Ethers and their Allies; as Acid Resins; as colophony. ether, chloroform, compound Phenols; as carbolic and cre- ethers, nitro-glycerin. sylic acids, thymol, creasote. Fired Oils, Fats, and Wares. Certain Glucosides, &c.; as Neutral Resins and Colouring santonin, cantharidin, pi- Matters. Camphors; as laurel-camplior, borneol, menthol. Alcohols insoluble or nearly insoluble in water; as amyl and cetyl alcohols, cuoles- terin. Crtain Glucosides, &c.; assa- ponin, digitalin, santonin. Certain Weak Alkaloids; as caffeine, colchicine, narco- time, piperime, theobromine. 396 PHARMACISTS' PoCKET-Book. NoTEs ON TESTING For OFFICIAL AND other CoMMON SUBSTANCEs of DEFINITE CHARACTER. ELEMENTs, ACIDs, BASEs, SALTs, ALcohols, ETHERs, ETHEREAL SALTs, Etc., ETC. The reader is presumed to have undergone an ordinary course of instruction in qualitative analysis. A. The substance is a liquid. It is inflammable. Ether, Alcohol, Acetic Ether, Carbolic acid (liq.), Amyl Alcohol, Amyl Nitrite, Benzene, Benzoline, Chloroform, Creasote, &c. It is limpid. Most of the above, with the exception of Carbolic acid (liq.), Creasote. Also most of the other liquids. It is not limpid. Glycerine, Conc. Sulphuric acid, White of Egg. It can be recognised by its smell. Such substances as Acetic Ether, Alcohol, Sulphurous acid, Amyl Nitrite, Benzol, Bromine, Chlorine water, Chloroform, Hydrocyanic acid, &c. - It is coloured. Bromine, Chlorine water, &c. It has an acid reaction. The usual acids, Acetic, Sul- phuric, &c. Also solutions of certain salts. It has an alkaline reaction. Ammonia and other alkalies, most alkaloids, also some salts, as Borax, It has a neutral reaction. Water; or a soln. of some salts of the alkalies, alkaline earths, or of Ag or Mn, of some alkaloidal salts or free alkaloids, neutral principles, &c. It is immiscible with water. Ether, Chloroform, and most of the inflammable liquids, except Alcohol, Carbolic acid. Evaporate a small quantity to dryness, taking care not to ignite it. It goes off readily, leaving no residue. This at once excludes all fixed substances, such as metallic and alkaline salts. It leaves a residue, but the solvent goes off readily. This shows the solvent to be water, or alcohol, or an ethereal liquid, &c. 397 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. It gives off fumes. Bromine, &c. It gives off heavy vapours. Carbolic acid, Creasote, &c. It decomposes with acid vapours (Glycerine); or solidifies (Albumen); &c., &c. If there was a residue on evaporation, repeat this operation and ignite the residue. It remains fired. Salts of the metals, except As, Hg; or fixed acids, Phosphoric, Boric, &c. Note.—A residue contg. carbonate after ignition and having an alkaline reaction indicates that the original sub- stance, itself not necessarily alkaline to litmus, was an organic salt of an alkali or alk. earth metal. Blackening on ignition indicates organic matter. It disappears. Salts of Am, Alkaloids, As, Hg, with volatile acids. Solutions of Alkaloids, neutral prin- ciples. Note.—The foregoing examination must not be taken as exhaustive, but it gives an idea of the kind of procedure that will be found useful. The operator having by some such means obtained indications of the nature of the liquid, or having excluded a number of bodies according to their want of certain properties, as inflammability, &c., should go on to apply special tests, according to his knowledge of the cha- racters of official substances. These tests must to a great extent be applied spontaneously; to lay down a system would in many cases unduly protract the final identification of the substance. When a number of substances are mixed together, whether in solution or otherwise, their separation and detection re- quire skill and experience in analysis, especially when the bodies are not bases or acids. In the case of these definite acid and basic substances it is possible to draw out a scheme for their examination. É Examination of Solids in the Dry Way. Experiment. - Observation. Presence of Heat in a piece. The substance— - of hard glass blackens .. Organic matter. tube, closed at becomes— one end. yellow when hot ... .. white when cold - - - - - - yellowish brown when hot .. yellow when cold . . . . . . . . white to yellowish brown when hot dirty light yellow when cold ... .. white to orange when hot ... .. ale yellow when cold . . . . rownish red to black when hot brownish red when cold . . . . . . yellow to dark orange when hot . gives off water, which, if aikaine, indicates Am, if acid, indicates volatile acids. gives off gas or fumes— 02, test by splint S02, test by odour - - - - - - - - Nº. test by colour and odour . . . CO2, test by drop of lime water on watch-glass CO2 and CO, test by blue flame CO, with marked charring . . . . . . Cl2, Brz, I2, test by colour and odour . &. test by odour and crimson flame H2, test by odour and formation of PbS .. ... } |{Pb |{ { Zn. Sn. Bi. ! Fe. K2CrO4. wº of crystallization, of hydration; or moisture. Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates Sulphates, &c. Nitrates of heavy metals. Carbonates, oxalates. Oxalates. Formates. Chlorides, bromides, or Cyanides. iodides. Sulphides containing water. 3. Examination of Solids in the Dry Way—eontinued, Experiment, Observation. Presence of Heat in a piece | The substance— of hard glass gives off gas or fumes— tube, closed at NH3, test by odour and turmeric paper ... Ammonium salts, also one end. cyanides and other nitro- genized matters. 82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persulphides. forms a sublimate of — reddish brown drops when hot . . . . S2 } solid and yellow º cold - - - { Persulphides. I2, violet vapour, black sublimate. , I2. White matter . . . . . . . . . . Ammonium salts, HgCl2 (yellow-hot), Hg2Cl2, As2O3 (crystals), oxalic acid. As4 black mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . As4. Hg mirror and globules . . . . . . . Hg. HgS black (turns red if º . . . . . . . . Hg. Sb2O3 yellow liquid before subliming, then Sb. a sublimate of crystalline needles. Heat by there. fuses and is absorbed by the charcoal Alkaline salts. ducing flame in a cavity on charcoal, leaves an infusible white residue (if alkaline, Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg). which, moistened with cobalt nitrate, "“ and again heated, becomes .. green. pink . deflagrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - Ba, Sr, Ca,Mg,Al, Zn, SiO2. } Al, SiO3, alkaline earthy phosphates. Zn. Mg. Nitrates, chlorates, ă Examination of Solids in the Dry Way—continued. Experiment. Observation. Presence of Heat by there- The substance— ducing flame forms an incrustation— in a cavity on white, distant from flame, garlic odour As4. charcoal. white nearer to flame - - - - Sb.1. yellow when hot, white when cold ... ... Zn. faint yellow when hot, white when cold, close Sn. to flame. yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pb. dark orange yellow while hot. . . . . . . . Bi lemon yellow when cold . . . . . . . . . . { 4- brownish red or yellow . . . . . . . . . . . Cd. dark red (slight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ag. —mixed with forms metallic beads or scales without incrus- Ag, Au, Cu (beads), Fe, Co, KCy and tation. Ni (magnetic scales). Na2CO3. lomºus scales, with incrustation, as above – malleable bead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sn, Pb. brittle bead . . . . . . . . . . ... Bit, SbA. Heat a frag- forms a coloured bead when hot– ment in a bead blue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Co. of microcos- green; on cooling, blue; in reducing flame, red Cu. mic salt, or of green, unaltered in reducing flame ... Cr. borax. reddish; yellow or colourless on cooling ... Ni. (See Table for amethyst red, colourless in reducing flame... Mn. beads.) brownish red; light yellow, on cooling; in Fe. reducing flame; yellow, hot; green, cold. 3. Examination of Solids in the Dry Way—continued. Experiment. observation. Heat on a pla- The substance— tinum wire colours the outer flame— with HC1. yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . violet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . crimson brick red green - - - - - - - - - - - - blue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Presence of -- Na2. K2 (observe through cobalt glass). Sr. Ca. Cu, B. As4, Sb.1, Pb, Cu. - ~. 402 PHARMACISTS' pocket-Book. Table showing the behaviour of the Metals (Common and Rare) with a Borax Bead. Contractions: 1. q. means large quantity and s. g. small quantity. Colour of In Oxidizing Flame when In Reducing Flame when - Hot. Cold. Hot. Cold." Colourless Si,Al, Sn, Ba, Si, Al, Sn, Ba, Si,Al, Sn, Ba, Si,Al, Sn, Di, Sr, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ca, Mg, Mn; Ba, Sr, Gl, Y, Zr, Gl, Y, Zr, I Gl, Y, Zr, Ca, Mg, Gl, Th La, Te, Th, La, Te I Th, La, Di Y, Zr, Th Ta, Nb, W, Ta, Nb, Ti, I Mn. La, Ce, Ta. Mo, Ti. W, Mo, Zn, I Nb in s, q. Nb in s, q. Zn, Ci, Pb. Cd. Ag, Zn, Cd, Ag, Zn, Cd, Bi, Sb, in Pb, Bi, Sb, Ag, Pb, Ni, Bi, Pb, Br, Sb, s. n., if not Fe in s. 1. Sb, Te, on Ni, Te, on yellow. long heat; if long heat.: if not grey and notgrey and opaque. opaque. Fe in s, q. -- Grey and - - Ag, Zn, Cd, Ag, Zn, Cd, opaque. Pb, Sb, Ni, Pb, Bi, Sb, Fe, on short | Ni, Fe, on heat.: if not shortheat.; if colourless. not colour- Nb in 1. q. less, Nb in 1. q. Pale Ag, Cd, Zn, in Ag - - wellow. 1. q. Yellow. Ti, W, Pb, Sb, Wa Fe; Ce; I Ti in s, q., if || Mo, in 1. q. Mo, in 1. q. U. not violet-blue opaque and U in s. 4. Moins. Q.: if rown. in 1. q., brown. W, in 1. q. W, Wa. brown. Reddish | Cr, Fe, in s, q. - U - yellow. Bi in 1. q. 1. Ce. - - - Dark red. | Fe in 1. q. Mn (viola- - - ceous). Brownish Cr U. Ni Cu Cu real. Violet. Mn, Ni, Di Di - Ti Blue. Co Co: Cu (green- Co Co: Cn nearly islawhile cool- colourlesson ing. long heat. Green. Cu Cr (yellowish Fe, Cr (brown- Fe, U, Cr, Wa while cooling, [ish), Cu, nearly colourless on long heat. 403 PHARMACISTs' pock ET-Book. Table showing the behaviour of the Metals Common and Rare) with a Bead of Micro- cosmic Salt. Contractions: 1. q. means large quantity, and s, q. small quantity. Colour of In Oxidizing Flame when In Reducing Flame when Bead. Hot. Cold. Hot. Cold. Colonr- Si Si Si Si less, with a floating “ske- leton.” Colourless Al, Sn, Ba, Sr., Al, Sn; Ba, I Al, Sn, Ba, Sr, Al, Sn: Ba, Ca, Mg, Gl, Sr, Ca, Mg, Ca, Mg, Gl, Sr., Ca, Mg, Y, Zr, Th, Gl, Y, Zr, I Y, Zr, Th, Gl, Y, Zr La, Nb, Te, Th, La, Te. La, Ce, Di Th, La Ce. in all pro- Ce, Nb, Ta, Ti, Mn; Ta, Ag, Di, Mn,Ta; portions. W., Zn, Cd, I Zn, Cd, Pb, Ag., Zn, Cd, Ta, Ti, W, Zn, Pb, Bi, Sb Bi, Sb, Ni, Pb, Bi, Sb, Cd, Pb, Bi, Fe in s, q. Te,onstrong Ni, Te, on Sb, in s. n., ignition; if strong igni- if not yel- not grey and tion; if not low. opaque. grey and opaque. Feins. Q. Grey and - - g, Zn, Cd, Ag, Zn, Cd, opaque. Pb, Bi, Sb, Pb, Bi, Sb, Te, Ni. Te, Ni. Pale Sb, Zn, in 1. q. Ag, Fe - Fe llow. 3. Pb in very 1. q. Fe in 1. q. Ti Fe (greenish) Bi, Cd, Ta, Ti, Ni in s, q. §§ q. W, in 1. q. U(greenish). Ag, ºe, Ni U, Wa Va: Cr. Fe, in s. Q. Reddish Cr, Fe, in 1-q. Ni in 1. q I Feins. Q.; Wa Fe while yellow. cooling. Red. - - Fe (brown) - Dark red. - - - Cu, opaque Brownish Ni; Fe, Cr in Cr, Fe Cu, opaque red. very 1. q. Violet. Mn, Di Mn, Di Nb in 1. q. Nb, Ti Blue. Co. Co, Cu (green-I Co, W.; Nb in Co, W.; Nb in ish while very 1. q. very 1. q. cooling. Green. Cu; Mo (yel- Mo, U U, Mo, Cu Cr, U, Mo, Wa lowish). (greenish). Cr (emerald). 2 p. 2 404 PHARMACists' pocket-book. ExAMINATION IN the Wet WAY. º substance is not in solution its solubility should be ested. It is soluble in water. Among definite official substances are the following:—All acids except those below. Alum, all simple Am salts, Sb Tart, Ag Nit., As iod., Bi et Am Citr., Borax, Ca Chlord., Ca Hypoph., Ca Nitr., Fe et Am Citr., Fe et Quin, Citr., Fe Sulpht., Fe Tart., Hg Per- chlor., Li Carb, (spar.), Li Citr., Mg Sulph., Pb Acet., Pb, Iod. (hot aq.), Pb Nit., all K compds., all Na compds., Zn Acet., Zn Chlor., Zn Sulpt., Zn Sulphocarb., Zn Valer. B.P. Al Sulph., Cu Acet., Fe Chlor., Fe Citr., Feet Am Sulpht, Feet Am Tart., Feet K Tart., Feet Strych. Citr., Fe Lact, Hg" Cyand., Li Bromd., Li Salyc., Mg Sulphis, Mn Sulph, Zn Brom., Zn. Iod, ; U.S.P. It is insoluble in aq., but soluble in hydrochl. acid. Among definite offic. subst, are:—Acid. Arsenios., Acid. Mecon, §§ sol. in aq.), Acid. Oleic., Sb Oxid., Antim. Nig., Sb ulph., Bi Carb., Bi Citr., Bi Oxid., Bi Subnit., Ca Hydras, Ca Phosp., Ca Sulphas, Calx, Ce Oxal., Creta, Fe Arsen., Fe Carb., Fe Peroxid., Fe Phosp., Fe, Hg Oxid, Fl. et Rub., Hg Subchlor, Hg. Ammont, Mg. Oxid et Carb., Mang. Oxid. Nig., Pb Carb. (hot acd.), Pb Oxid. (hot acd.), Zn Carb., Zn Oxid., Zn; B.P. Al Hydras, Bi Subcarb., Ca Carb., Fe Hypophos. (spar in aq.), Fe Oxal. (spar. in aq.), Fe Valer., Hg. Subsulph. Fl., Li Benz., Zn Valer. (spar, in aq.); U.S.P. It is insoluble in aq. and in hydrochl. acid, but soluble in nitric acid. Among definite off subst, are:—Ag Oxid., Ag, Bi, Hg; B.P. AgCy; U.S.P. It is insoluble in acids. Among off. substances are:- Carbo Lig., S (oxid. on boilg.); B.P. AgI, HgS (sol. in a 1. regia); U.S. P. * Note.—Alkaloids and their salts are not included in the above, - 405 PHARMACists' pocket-Book. Examination of the Precipitates formed by the Ordinary Group Reagents in Solutions of the Official (and some other) Metals. The principal official tests are given in notes, and indicated by * (B.P.), or by * (U.S.P. only). A. Group I.-The insoluble chlorides, i.e. HgCl, PbCl2 AgCl. These metals should have been detected during the preliminary examination, and when one or more of them is present it is necessary to use nitric acid as the solvent, if water does not suffice. In ordinary cases hydrochloric acid is the best solvent. To the dil, soln, add HCl. If a ppt. falls, filter; preserve filtrate (B). Ppt. Wash with cold aq., rejecting washings; then wash with boilg. aq. Filter. Residue conts. HgCl, AgCl, Treat Hot filtrate cont. with AmBO; filter. PbCl2. Confirm by the official *Residueisblack, "Soln, conts. Ag tests, consistg. of Hg20 Cl. Acidlt. with ... Niñº iſso."ºne º' Hg" is only found reappears. here when a mer- | *AgCl darkens curous salt is orig. on exposure to pres., and not then light. if the solvent * nitric ac, Note.—“Hg salts are vol. at a red heat; the oxy-salts ield the free metal, the halogen salts when **heated with a2CO3. *Hg" salts give red or yell. ppt., Hg.0, with NaHQ, KHO, or CaFI,02; Hg2Cl2 becomes black when treated with NaHO, KHO, Amho. *HgCl2 issol. in aq. or alcoh, ; Hg2Cl2 is not (mode of sep.). *HgI2 is reduced by NaHO + milk sugar. **Hg2I2 added to soln. of KI decomp, into HgI + Hg. **Pptd. Hg.0 (yell.) forms oxalate on digest. .# conc. oxal. acid; Hg.0 (red) does not. **HgCl2 is reduced to Hg by SnCl2. **Hg" salts give black ppt., #s. with H2S, 406 PHARMACists' Pocket-book. Hg(Hgo)2SO4 (U.S.P.) is yell., cold; red, hot. HgS is red, cold; black, hot. *Ag salts give white ppt., AgCl, with HCl or chlorides. *Ag30 is reduced to Ag by heat, the halogen salts when heated with Na2CO3. **Ag salts give black ppt., AggS. ºs or AmzS. **AgI is insol. in dil. Am carb. ; AgCl s Sol. *Pb salts give a yell. ppt., PbT2, with KH; a white ppt., PbSO4, with H2SO4; a black ppt., PbS, with H2S. **PbO is reduced by heat in pres. of carbon; halogen salts by carbon in pres. of Na2CO3. B. Group II.-The sulphides insol. in HCl. The filt. from the insol. chlorides or the soln, in which HCl gave no pt. may contain Hg", Pb (which is not entirely pptd. by Cl), Bi, Cu, As, Sb, Sn, Au, Pt. Observe the colour of the hiqd.: yell. ind. Au, Pt; blue ind. Cu. Nºte-An and Pt may be conveniently tested for sepa- rately. kci" sohns. (not too dil.) give yell. ppt., 2 KCl, PtCli, with º salts acidltd. with H2SO4 give brown ppt., Au, with #. red, cold; yellow, hot. Hgo is red, cold; dark, hot. 4- Saturate the liqd, with H2S. Filter, preserve filtrate (C), The ppt. (if any) may be black or dark brown, in which case exam, it by Ba; or orange or yell., exam. by Bb. If Cd (unoffic.) is to be tested for, use Ba in either case. Ba. Dig. the ppt. with yell. Am sulphd., filter. The º: cont. As, Sb, Sn; exam. by Bb. Examine the residue y Ba I. Ba 1. Residue insol. in yell. Am sulpha. consists of Hgs, PbS, CuS. BioS3(CdS); these are all dark coloured (ex. CdS, yell.). Wash well, and digest with conc. HNO3, dil. with aq.; and if Pb was found in A (not unless), add H2SO4 and an eq. volume of alcohol. Filter. 407 PHARMACists' Pocket-book. Residue conts. HgS, PbSO1. Filtrate. Do not mistake a dark clot Boil off alcoh. (if any), add AmBO, filter. of Sfor this residue. Digest with Am acet. (if Pb pre- sent). Ppt. consists of BiH 503; dissol. in a few drops HCl and pour into much aq. A ppt. of BiOClind. Bi. Soln. Add K2Cr207, a yell. ppt. of PbCrO4 ind, Pb. Residue is HgS; confirm by off. tests. Au may also be found in this residue. The filtrate is blue, ind. Cu. Col is found here by remov- ing blueness with KCy, and passing H2S, when yell. CdS is pptd. Bb. To the soln, of As2S3, Sb2S3, SnS2, in yell. Am. sulphd., add HCl ; the sulphides are repptd. Dig. this ppt., or the yell. ppt. orig, given, by H2S, with soln. of Am Carb. (B.P. or U.S.P.). Filter. Residue is Sb2S3, SnS2 ; diss, in dil, HCl, Br water, and a little tart. acid; next dissol. oxal. acid in the hot soln, until it crysls. out on cooling. Pass H2S through the boilg. liqd. Filter. Filtrate. Add Am H0 in slight excess, then AmzS, next slight excess of acet. acid. Allow to stand; SnS2 is pptd. Residue is orange, and consists of Sb2S3. Filtrate, Acidlt. with HCl. As2S3 is repptd. Note.—Hg and Pb salts—official reactions already given p. 405. "Bisolns, give insol, basic compds, on dilution; the give black ppt., BigS3, with H2S; they give no ppt. wit AmBO in pres. of citric acid; heated before blowpipe on charcoal oxy-compds, of Bi give yell. Biz03. *Cu salts give a maroon red ppt., Cu, §Cyß. with K4 Fe Cyg; a violet blue coloration with Ajio, As compds. in pres. of Zn and H2SO4 or HCl form Ashā; **the same gas is formed in pres. of strong NaHQ and Al; this gas reduces AgNO3, forming Ag, HNO3, and Ash;03. “As2O3 408 PHARMACists' pocket-BOOK. heated on char. evolves an odour of garlic. *As salts boiled with HCl and Cu give a black coating, As2Cup; *when the metal is heated in a tube octahed, crys. of As2O3 appear as sublimate. "As is reduced from its compas, by SnCl2. *Sb solns, give insol. basic compas, on dilution, these ppts. are sol. in tart. acid, which prevents their formation º Sb compás, generally); Sb is pptd. on boilg. with Cl + Cu: **Sh903 is vol. at a high temp... formg, an º sublimate. *Sb2S3 is sol. in conc. HCl (As2S3 is not). C. The hydrates and sulphides pptd. by Am HQ and Amºs from the filtrate from H2S or the soln. in which H2S gave no ppt. Note.-H2S reduces a yell. son., contg. Fe" salts into a (nearly) colorlss. soln., and a red or yell. soln, contg. CrO3 $º into a bluish green soln. ; in both cases with pp.tn. of white sulphur. Test the original substance for Mn by fusing with Na2CO3 and KNO3. If an intensely bluish green mass results, Mn is present. Test a portion of the soln. for P205 (by molybdate of *::::: if P205 is absent proceed directly by Ca, if present use C b. Ca (P205 abs.). To the main volume add AmCl, AmRO, and AmS; filter. Preserve filtrate (D). This filtrate conts. Ca, Mg, &c.; also organic matter that would interfere with pptn. of Fe &c. by Am HO in abs. of Amºs. In pres. of oxal. acid, Ca, Ba (Sr) pass into the ppt. as oxalates; in order to avoid the disturbance thus introduced, filter off the ppt., dry, and ignite it at a low red heat. Dissol. the residue in hot HCl (it efferv. because oxalates have become carbonates) (filter off SiO2 if necessary), and reppt. with Ambio and Am2S, filter and add this filtrate to the filtrate (D). The ppt. conts. Al2H60s, Cr2H606, CeH202; FeS, MnS, ZnS (NiS, CoS). Dissol. ppt. in HCl (KClO3 necessary only in pres. of Ni, Co) boiſ of H2S, cool, add Br water, then Amho, Filter, ă it from filter, and boil with NaHO. Filter. Ppt. cont. Al2H606, Fe2H606, Cehz02, Mnm0nzAq. Wash ppt., remove Residue. Boil with NaHO, and sod. hypochlorite (Liq. i. Chlorin.) or Br water, add a few drops of alcoh., boil, ter. Residue dissol. in HCl, add excess of Filtrate is yell. sod. acet. and sod. hypochlor.,t boil, ind. Cr, and and filter. (In absence of Ce, hypochl. gives with Pb. is not necessary). acet, a yell. ppt. - - -- of PbCro. Ppt. Dissol. a Filtrate. Cool, Small portion in add Br. water, HCl, add Ki Eecyd, then AmBO and a blue ppt. of 3 Fe boil. A black ppt. Cy2, 2 Fe2Cyg ind. ind. Mn. {. †Test also for e. Filtrate. Make acid with HCl, then add AmBO. A ppt. of Al2 H606 ind. Al. Filtrate cont. Zn. Acidlt. strongly with acet. acid, and pass H2S thro' cold liqd. A white ppt. of ZnS ind, Zn. Ni, Co (un- offic.), are not pptd. in pres. of acet. acid, and remain in Soln. here. Soln. must not be alkaline, but must contain acet. acid as the only free acid. Dissol. the ppt. in sulphuric acid, pass H2S to reduce Fe" to Fe", conc. by evaptn. Add a conc. soln. of Na2SO4, and sufficient dry Na2SO4 to saturate the water of soln. solns. ; the Cefalls as a ppt of Na2SO4, CeSO4, while Fe remains in soln. Note.—In pres. of boric (or hydrofluoric) acid Ca is partially pptd. by AmCl and AmB0. Use hot É Cb (P205 pres.). Add AmCl and Amho. Filter, and to filtrate add AmeS. Filter; preserve filtrate (D). (In #. of oxalic acid, dry and ignite the ppt. given by AmBO, then redissol. and reppt. by AmBO and AmCl.). Wash the two ppts. (given by Am HO and AmzS) sepa- rately, digest them together with Am 2S. Filter. Ppt. Wash, dissol. in HCl (KClO3 reqd. only if Ni, Co, are pres.), add a few drops conc. HNO3, boil, and test small portion for P205 by molybdate. The pres. of P205 hereind. Cr,Al, Ca, (Sr.) Ba, Mg, as phosphate. fo the main volume add Amflotii nearly neutral (leaving still acid), then Br water, and excess of sod. acet. Filter. i •e - Ž ă. Ppt. Wash, dissol. in HCl, add | Filtrate. Add Fe2C15 (if no ppt., proceed to:) : - excess of NaHO in the cold, filter. as long as ppt. forms, boil, filter hot. 2.É. --- - Ppt. con- Filtrate. Boil for Ppt. of f Filtrate (now devoid of P206). Sá sists of some time, if ppt., Fe2P20s. Add AmCl, Am HO, and Am 2S. E = Fe2P20s filter. Neglect. º: & fºſi, –– - (Fe has Ppt. Exam. Filtrate. Add Am carb. Pº g). Con-|PPt. of Filtrate. been (by ca) for ||=-|z|= firm as in Cr2H606. Add excess added to Al, Cr, Zn, Ppt. Filtrate. Sºº Ca. Ce Confirm. of acet. acid. remove Mn (Ni, Co.) Exam. by Add Nall % :- is found Ept. of Al2 P206). (& Fe which D for Ba, phosph. , a]... 3 here. See P20s (& Al2 was added). (Sr)0a. crys. ppt. of :- Ca. Hø06) ind. These Amyſgpo, £º Al. were pres, 6 Aq. ind. E-3- - as phos- |Mg pres, as #. phates. phosph. # : 411 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. Note.—The student must remember that not only Fe, Cr, Al, but also Zn, Mn (Ni, Co), Ca, (Sr), Ba, are pptd. as phos- phates by Am HO. *Fe" salts give a light blue ppt., K2Fe" FeCyg, with K4 FeCyg. *Fe", salts give a blue ppt., 3FeCy2, 2 Fe2Cy3, with Ka FeCyg. *Fe" salts give a blue ppt., Fe"3 Fe"2 Cy 12, with KGFe2Cy12. *Fe" give no ppt., but a red.-brown coloration with KGFe2Cy12. *Fe" salts give a brown-red ppt., Fe2H60s, with NaHO, KHO, or AmBO; tart. acid, citr. acid, sugar, &c., prevent this pptn., or render it incomplete. *Fe (metallic) is dissol. by I (soln. of, in KI, &c.). **Fe" salts give a white ppt., FeCO3, with Na2CO3, K2CO3, Am2CO3 ; ppt. turns red by oxidation. *CrO3 is reduced to Cr2O3 by heat and by contact with organic matters. CrO3 and its salts yield Cl when heated with HCl, and are reduced to Cr’” salts when heated with acids and reducing agents, as alcohol, sulphites, &c. *Al salts give a white ppt., Al, Hºog, sol. in excess, with NaH0, KHO (same ppt. very slightly sol. in excess with Am HO). *Zn salts give a white ppt., ZnH2O2, sol. in excess, with AmBO. - - *Zn salts give a white ppt., ZnCO3, 32nH2O2, sol. in excess, with Am 2CO3. *Zn salts give a white ppt., ZnS, with Am 2S. **Zn salts give a white ppt., Zn2 FeCyd H. 3B20, with K4 FeCyg. *MnO2 evolves 0 when heated, and gives off Cl when heated with HCl. **Mn salts give a flesh colord. ppt., MnS, with AmzS. **Mn salts give a red.-white ppt., Mn2FeCyg, with K4 FeCyg. **Min salts give a brown ppt., Mn3 Fe2Cy12, with KGFe2 in pres. of HCl. V12. *Ce" salts give a white crys. ppt., Cesot, K2SO4, with conc. K2SO4. D. The metals pptd. as carbonates by Amocos. To the filtrate from Am HO and AmeS, or to the soln. in which these have given no ppt., add AmzC03; warm (not boil), filter. 412 PHARMACists' Pocket-book. Preserve filtrate E. (If Am2003 gives a ppt., it is well to also add a few drops of Am oxal., in order to render the pptn. complete.) Dissol. the washed ppt. in dil. acet. acid, and to the clear soln. add K2CrO4. If a yell. ppt., BaCrO4, appears, filter this off, and confirm Baby other tests. The filtrate may contain Sr and Ca; add AmBO, if no ppt. appears, these are absent. If a ppt. appears, wash it, and then dissol. it in acet, acid, filterg. if necessary. To a small part of this soln. add CaSO4; if after a time no ppt. forms, Sr is absent. In this case add Am oxal. to another portion, a white ppt. of CaC204 ind. Ca. In pres. of Sr., ppt. both Ca and Sr together as sulphates by adding dil. i. 4, and allowing to stand. lig. the mixed ppts, with conc. Amoso, and a few drops of Am HO at a gentle heat; filter. The residue is Sr.SQ4; con- firm by flame test. Test the filtrate for Caby Am oxal. Note.—*Ca salts give a white ppt., CaC204, with Am oxalate. E. The metals not pptd. by any of the group reagents. These are Mg, K, Na, Am. Divide the liquid filtered from D, or the soln. in which AmzCO3 gave no ppt., into two portions. (1) To this add Na2HP04 in the cold and stir; a white crys. ppt., MgAm PO4, 6 Aq. ind. Mg. (2) Evap. this to dryness, and test for K, Na and Li by flame reactions. Am must be tested for in the original substance. Note.—*Mg salts give a white crys. ppt., MgAmRO4, 6 Aq. with AmCl, Am HO, and Na2HP04. *K salts give a yell. crys. ppt., 2 KC1, PtCl4, with PtCl4 and HCl. - *K salts (not too dil.) give a crys. ppt., KHT, with tart. acid or **NaHT. *Na salts impart an intense yell. colour to flame. *Am salts evolve NH3 when heated with KHO, and volati- lize when beated, only non-volatile acids, if any, being left. *Li salts give a white ppt., Lia PO4, with Na2HPO4 (not with the K salt). *Am salts give a brown ppt., NHg"21, H20 (or colortn, if in minute traces), with 2K1, HgI2 + Kito. 413 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. Preliminary Examination for Acids. Many acidulous radicles may be detected by a preliminary examination. If the substance is in solution, evap. a portion to dryness. Treat some of the residue, or a little of the original substance if this is a solid, with dilute HCl, applying heat to promote the reaction. Certain gases may be given off, e.g. : — *CO2 from Carbonates. The gas renderslime water milky. *SO2 from Sulphites. The gas reduces a yell. soln. of Pot. Chrom., to a green Cr" salt. *If Zn and HCl be intro- duced to a soln. of a sulphite, H2S is evolved. **! SO2, with deposition of S from hyposulphites (and mixt. of sulphides and sulphites). HCy from Cyanides, but not from stable double cyanides, such as ferrocyanides, ferricyanides. *C1 from Hypochlorites. The gas liberates I from KI, as shown by a paper containing this body and also starch. The paper turns blue. *H2S from Sulphides. The gas blackens paper moistened with lead acetate solution. Certain acids may separate from the liquid at once or on cooling:— *Benzoic acid from Benzoates. The odour of this acid is observed. : *Boric acid from Borates. *Mix the original with #| H2SO, and alcoh.; set the mixt. on fire, the flame is t; green. É **Salicylic acid from Salicylates. The crys. washed with cold aq. and added to soln. of FeCl3 cause a violet coloration. Meconic acid from Meconates may also separate. - Oleic acid from Oleates. The acid forms an oily layer. Valerianic acid from Valerianates. This also may form an oily layer. Heat another portion of the residue or the original solid with moderately conc. H2SO4. Besides the above men- tioned— Certain gases resulting from decomposition may be evolved, e.g.:- CO2 and CO from Oxalates. The CO burns at the mouth of the tube on application of a flame. 414 PHARMAcists' pocket-Book. 0 from MnO2 and Chromates. The gas causes the reigni- tion of a glowing splint. Cl2O4 with explosion from Chlorates. Acid vapours may be liberated, e.g. :- HCl from Chlorides, HBr from Bromides, HI from Iodides. Acetic acid from Acetates, Valerianic acid from Valerianates. These acids are known by their odour. HCy from Cyanides and from the decomposition of double cyanidºs, such as Ferrocyanides, &c. *HNO3 from Nitrates. *The introduction of Cu into the liqd. causes evolution of NO, which forms NO2 on mixing with air. Blackening may occur in the liquid:— *Organic matter generally, with some exceptions, as oxalic acid. Tartaric, citric, tannic, and gallic acids, also salts of these, cause blackening. Further Examination for Acids. It is now expedient to remove the metallic bases, the nature of which has been determined in the usual manner. Certain of these may sometimes be conveniently removed by pptn. with H2S, and the filtrate utilised for the detection of the acid, after removal of the H2S by boiling (volatile acids may escape), or by treatment with Br water (when H2SO4 is formed from the H2S). The HoS may reduce certain acids, as chromic, permanganic, acids. A method more generally useful is by treatment with pure Na2CO3. The substance is boiled for some time with the carbonate, the liqd. diluted and filtered. Most bases are in this way removed, either as oxide, hydrate, or carbonate. The filtrate from Na2CO3 is divided into four portions— (1) A portion is acidultd. with HCl, and test solns. added to small separate portions. *Bacºla ppts. white Baso, from Sulphates. To the filtrate from this ppt. add Cl (or Br) water. If a further ppt. of Basot occurs, *Sulphites are indicated. *Fe2Cl6 ppts. blue 3 Fe"Cy2, 2Fe"20yd from Ferro- cyanides. *Fe2Cl6 gives a brownish colortn. with Ferricyanides. Confirm by addg. FeSO4 when *blue Fe's Fe2Cy12 is pptd. *Fe2Cl6 gives a blood-red colortn, with Meconates. *Fe2Cl6 gives a bluish-black colortn, with Tannates. 415 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. *Fe2Cl6 gives a purple-black colortn. with Gallates. *Fe2Cl6 gives a red-violet colortn. with Salicylates. *(Carbolic acid only with neutr. Fe2Cl6.) Note.—*Tannic acid ppts, gelatin ; *gallic acid does not. (2) A portion is acidttøl. with HNO3, and test solns, added to separate small portions. *Ag N03 ppts. curdy white AgCl from Chlorides. *AgNO3 ppts. curdy yell.-white AgBr from Bromides. *AgNO3 ppts. curdy yell.-white AgI frºm iodides. - *AgNO3 ppts, curdy white AgCN (sol. in excess of cyanide) from Cyanides. AgNO3 also gives ppts. with Ferrocyanides and Ferri- cyanides. - INote. — On treatment with Cl both *bromides and *iodides are decomposed, yielding Br and I respectively; chlorfm, if shaken with the liqd., dissolves the Br to a red soln. Both Cl and Br liberate I from iodides, and the resultin mixture *turns starch paste blue. Cl (also Br and 1) liberated by H2SO4 + MnO2, and the gas turns paper contg. starch and KI blue. CuSO4 and FeSO4 in solution together }. Cu212 from iodides. Sitriºs in pres. of dil. HCl liberate from iodides, but not Br from bromides. Chlorides mixed with a chromate (both dry) and heated with conc. Hºsoi, evolve CrO2Cl2, which distils; if the distillate be treated with water, chromic and hydrochloric acid are formed, and the presence of chromic acid indicates the chloride. Bromides and iodides under the same circumstances simply evolve Br and I, but no volatile chromium compound. *AgI is (almost) insol. in Am HO. AgCN yields metallic silver (sol. in HNO3) upon ignition ; AgCl, AgBr, AgI are not decomposed by ig- nition. These reactions afford means of distinguishing between the various salts. The cyanogen acids are most conveniently detected in a HCl solution. (3) A portion is acidultd. with acetic acid, and test solns. added to separate small portions. Fe2Cl6 ppts, whitish or yell-white Fe2P20s from Phos- phates. Arsenic acid also ppts. if pres., and must previously be removed by H2S. Pb acetate ppts. yellow PbCrO4 from Chromates. tº sº. Witº"cºm"oxiຠconfirm by igniting the ppt. when it becomes CaCO3, and dissolves in acet. acid with effervescence. 416 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. (4) A portion is rendered neutral to litmus, and test. solns. added to separate small portions. *AgNO3 ppts. yell. Ag3P04 from Phosphates. CaCl2 ppts. white CaC, H.108, 4Aq from Tartrates, and gives ppts. with other salts. CaCl2 ppts, white Ca3(C6H507)2 + 4Aq from Citrates, after additin. of lime water, or Amhó, and boiling. *CaFIZO2 alone does the same on boiling. Note.—*Tartaric acid when alone in pres. of citric may be detected by addg. pot. acetate when KH tartrate is thrown down. If the ppt. the own down by AgNO3 in a neutr. soln. be filtered off and dissold. in AmRO, the soln. after heating to about 70° for 10 min., deposits a brilliant mirror. Citric acid similarly treated gives an imperfect mirror, and then only after long boiling. These acids are indicated by an odour of burnt sugar during the preliminary exam. for bases. CaCl2 gives a white ppt. from Borates. *Fe2Cl6 ppts. pale yell. basic Fe benzoate from Benzoates. Note.—If Mn, Cr, As, Sb, have been detected among the * the acids which these elements form should be looked ot. *Permanganates are known by their purple solns., and the ease with which alcohol reduces them. Arsenites in neutr. solns., or *As2O3 in aq. soln., give a yell. ppt. of Ag3AsO3 with ammonio-nitrate of Ag. *Arseniates give a brick-red ppt. of Ag3AsO4 with AgNO3. Colour Reactions. In testing for the official alkaloids and neutral }. colour reactions are of considerable importance, and a number are given in the pharmacopoeias. The official colour reactions may conveniently be applied as in the following scheme. A few colour reactions which are not official, and a few other official tests, have been added for convenience. These are indicated by an asterisk. Sub- stances in italics are official in the U.S. P. only. With Sulphuric Acid. (A) Place a small portion of the substance upon a piece of white porcelain (or testing tile), and drop upon it a little conc. sulphuric acid. 417 PHARMACists' PoCKET-Book. (a) (1) No colour, or only a slight yellowish discoloration, is produced. *Aconitine, Atropine, *Caffeine, Codeine, Cinchoni- dine, Cinchonine, Cocaine, Morphine, Quinine, Quinidine, Strychnine, are indicated. (2) It becomes yellow changing to red Elaterin. If no colour appears, the porcelain is gently warmed. (3) The mass becomes deep brown, and finally violet * . . . . . . . . . . Aconitine. (4) The mass chars. . . . . . . . . . Cocaine. (b) A coloration is produced. (1) A red colour, with green fluores- cence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weratrine. (2) A dark blood-red soln., becoming colourless on dilution. . . . . . . . Piperime. (3) A yellow colour . . . . . . . . Pilocarpine, 4) A golden-yellow f . . . . . . . . Picrotoxin. 8. A yellow colour, changing to green Physostigmine. (6) An orange-red colour . . . . . . fonrysarobin. 7) A red colour . . . . . . . . . Salicin. (B) The operation is repeated, with the addition of a minute crystal of potassium bichromate. (1) A violet colour passing through red to yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . Strychnine. (2) An emerald-green colour . . . . Pilocarpine, (3) A greenish colour * . . . . . . . . Morphine. (4) A violet-red . . . . . . . . . . Piciotoxin.f § A yellow resin on heating * . . . . Bebeline. Note.--Heated with a few drops of H2SO4, a little bichromate, and some water, it yields the vapours of an oil smelling of meadow-sweet . . . . . . . . . . . . Salicin. (C) The operation is repeated, with the addi- tion of a little arseniate of sodium, and warming. A bluish tinge . . . . . . . . . . . . Morphine. (D) The operation is repeated, using a 1% f Mixed with three times its weight of KNO3, moistened with sulphuric acid, and then treated with strong soln. of NaHO in excess, picrotoxin assumes a brick-red colour of short duration. † Not a pure active principle. 2 E 418 PHARMACists' PockeT-Book. soln. of sodium molybdate in conc. sul- phuric acid (Fröhde's reagent). (1) A violet colour, passing to blue and dirty green . . . . . . . . . . § A deep green to violet colour * .. (3) A Blue colour (dirty green to blue and yellow, U.S.). . . . . . . . . . . Note.-Also a blue with conc. H2SO4 and Fe2Cl6 with Codeine. Note.—With melted carbolic acid the substance yields a soln. which, on the ad- dition of sulphuric acid, acquires a crimson colour, rapidly changing to scarlet . . . . With Nitric Acid. (a) It remains colourless ... . . . . . . -- (b) It becomes coloured. (1) It becomes yellow, but not red . . Note.—Veratrine may be distin- guished by the colour tests already applied, and by the fact that when warmed with hydrochloric acid it dissolves with blood-red tint. (2) It becomes faintly greenish-violet.. § It becomes orange-red . . . . . . (4) It becomes blood-red. . . . . . . . (5) It becomes greenish-yellow, orange, and red, and gradually dissolves with a reddish colour. On adding to this soln. excess of soln. of KHO the colour is at first pale yellow, but on boiling it deepens to blood-red, giving off alkaline vapours of the peculiar odour of piperine. . . . . . . . . Morphine. Apomorphine. Codeine. Elaterin. Quinine, Quini- dine, Strych- nine. Codeine, Vera- trine. Pilocarpine. Morphine. Apomorphine. Piperine. With Potassium Chlorate. Add a crystal of KClO3 and a few drops of HCl to a little of the substance, and evap. to dryness in a porcelain dish. A reddish residue results, which becomes purple when mioistened with soln. of ammonia . . . . . . . . . . . . Caffeine, 419 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. With Alkalies. (A) Add sod. bicarb. to a soln. in aq. A ppt. appears, which turns green on stand- ing, and then forms a purple soln, with ether, violet with chlorofm., and bluish green with alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . Apomorphine. (B) Warm or shake an aq, soln. with dilute soln. of KHO. (1) It becomes red, and when evapd, to dryness, leaves a bluish residue, the acidified soln. of which is dichroic (blue and red) Physostigmine. (2) It forms a yellowish to reddish jluorescent soln., which becomes car- mine by absorption of oxygen from the air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fonrysarobin. (C) Added to warm alcoholic soln, of KHO it gives a violet-red colour. . . . . . . . Santonin. (D) Warm a little of the substance with soln. of KHO. Ammonia is evolved (from decompo- Atropine, Hyo- sition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scyamine.* (Am salts of course give a similar reaction.) With Perchloride of Platinum. A soln. of the substance is treated with test soln. of Pt Cl4. No ppt. results. . . . . . . . . . . . Atropine, Hyo scyamine. (Other alklds. for the most part give ppts.) Note.—A soln. of AuCl3 yields with these alklds. a precipitate which, when recrystallised from boilg. aq. acidltd. with HCl, is depostd. on coolg. (rendering the - liqd. turbid) in minute cryst., forming a dull lustreless powder on drying (atro- pine), or is deposited on coolg. (liquid not rendered turbid) in brilliant lustrous scales (hyoscyamine). f Not a pure active principle. E 2 420 PHARMACISTS' PockFT-Book. Fluorescence. The substance is dissolved in dilute sulphuric acid. (1) It is fluorescent. . . . . . . . . . Quinine, Quini- dine. (2) It is not decidedly fluorescent ... Cinchonidine, Cinchonine. The Thalleioquin Test. A soln., made as nearly neutral as possible, is treated with chlorine or bromine water, and then with excess of ammonia. (1) A green ppt. or colortn. is produced. Quinine, Quini- dine. (2) No green ppt. or colortn. results. Cinchonidine, Cinchonine. With Soda Tartarata. An aq. soln. is treated with a soln. of pot. sod. tart. (liqds. not too dilute). (1) No ppt. is produced. . . . . . . . Cinchonine. (2) A ppt. is produced . . . . . . . . Cinchonidine. Note.—The actn. of the sulphates of these two alklas. in aq. soln. may be examined by a polariscope; cinchonidine rotates to the left, cinchonine to the right. General Examination of Animal Secretions. Observe colour, taste, odour, reaction, sp. gr., &c. Filter off any insol. matter through paper or muslin, and examine microscopically. (1) Take a portion of filtrate, make faintly acid (with acetic), and heat. A ppt. occurs; Albumin, or phosphates of Ca, Mg. (a) Albumin is not dissol. by adding HCl, but on boilg. forms a violet solution. (b) Phosphates of Ca, Mg, are sol. in HCl, Examine ppt. by microscºpe, &c. Note—If coagulum is reddish, dry a portion, and treat with alcoh. contº, a little H2SO4; if alcoh. becomes red, and its ash cont. Fe, haematiºn is present. (2) The filtrate from (1) or original liquid if no ppt.—Divide into portions, A, B, C, &c. 421 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. A. Mix a portion with not. ferrocyanide solution. A ppt. occurs; casein and globulin. (a) Mix another portion with CaCl2 soln., and boil. Turbidity indicates casein. (b) Mix another portion with acetic acid, and then add ammonia. A flaky p, t, indicates globulin. B. Add acetic acid to a portion. A pit. occurs; pus, mucus, chondrim. A portion mixed with HgCl, soln, gives a pit.: pus is ind. If HgCl, gives merely a turbidity; mucus or chondrin may be present. Chondrin forms a jelly on concentrating a portion of the liquid; confirm by special tests. (b) Filtrate or liq. from B, concentrate a portion and cool; a jelly indicates gelatin. Confirm by addg. HgCl2 to another portion ; a ppt. confirms gelatin. (3) (C) Concentrate to # or A and cool. A ppt. occurs: Urates, Ca sulphate, Mg phosphate (b m20ic acid, calcic hippurate, tyrosºn, allan- toin; these are crys.). º under microscope is amorph., but on adding etic acid is seen to become crys. ; uric acid is indicated. Ppt. is crys., and acetic acid does not alter it; Ca sulphate, Mg phosphate. Examine by ordinary tests. (4) The filtrate from C is evapd. to a syrup, and left to stand for a considerable time. Crystals occur: creatine, creatºnine, glycocºne, leucine, allantoin, taurine, sarcosine, inosite, alkalin hippu- rates; inorganic salts. The crys, must be separated from the syrup by draining, &c., and tested as to whether organic or inorganic. If organic, examine for N, S, and P as a guide to further special examination. If inorganic, test by usual methods. Mineral salts of organic acids form an ash consistg. of carbonates. (5) The syrup from (4) if no crystals, or the drainings from the crys., is evapd. to dryness on water-bath, and residue extracted with alcoh. (sp. gr. 83). Residue may contain mucus, extractive matters; a little casein, uric acid, &c. Solution.—Divide into portions, a, b, c. 422 PHARMAcists' PockeT-BOOK. (a) Concentrate and divide into portions, 1,2,3 (a large portion), 4. (1) Add syrupy ZnCl2, and allow to stand. A ppt. indicates creatinine (and creatine in presence of creatinine). (2) Dilute with water, and add fuming nitric acid drop by drop. A zone successively green, blue, violet, red, yellowish indicates biliary colouring matter. (3) Mix with nitric acid, quite free from nitrous acid, and place vessel in a cooling mixture. A deposit of crys, indicates urea (as nitrate), hippuric or benzoic acid. It may consist of alkaline nitrates. Examine by microscope and chemical tests. (4) If the alcoholic extract has a strong acid reaction, a little of the conc. extract is boiled with ZnO and filtered; a drop is placed on a slide, and examined by microscope for crystals of lactate of zinc, indicating lactic acid, (b) Examine for biliary acids by Pettenkofer's test, p. 423. (c) Examine for sugar by Fehling's test, p. 428. (6) A portion of the original is evapd. to dryness, extracted with ether, and the ether extract evapd. for fats. (7) The portion of residue insol. in ether is burnt to ash, and examined for inorganic salts. Examination of Calculi. A calculus is any kind of concretion found in a duct or passage of a glandular organ, but the term has by some been restricted to calculi connected with the urinary system. The general character of these concretions may be gathered from the following summary. Biliary Calculi or gall-stones.—Size: small grains to masses of more than an ounce. Shape: round or oval when solitary; when numerous, more or less facetted from com- pression. Colour: blackish-green or brown, sometimes yellow or yellowish-white. Consistence: soft; or hard, dry, and friable. Composition: gall-stones consist almost entirely of cholesterin and bile pigments, sometimes containing as much as 80% of the first named constituent. The bile pig- 423 PHARMACISTS' pockFT-BOOK. ments are sometimes present in an uncombined condition, sometimes united with lime. Lime salts of the bile acids in small quantity, and lime salts of the fatty acids are found, also carbonate and phosphate of lime, but not often in large quantity. Other constituents are copper, iron, and manganese, which are found in nearly all gall-stones. In examining a biliary calculus, first make a determination of the ash and of the inorganic matters, acids (CO2, P205, &c.), and bases (Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, &c.) that compose it. Afterwards powder another portion, and exhaust with ether, which upon evapo- ration yields cholesterin in an amorphous form. The choles- terin may be obtained in the characteristic glistening, rhombic plates (insol. in Łiq. Potass.) by dissolution in hot alcohol, and cooling of the solution. The residue should next be exhausted successively with water, alcohol, and dilute hydro- chloric acid; it is now dried, and exhausted with chloroform, and the chloroform extract concentrated nearly to dryness. The addition of several volumes of alcohol now produces an orange-red precipitate of bilirubin, which is insol. in water and ether, but slightly sol. in alcohol. Bilirubin is sol. in alkalies to yellow or orange solutions, which turn green, owing to formation of biliverdin, when submitted to a current of air. If to the alkaline solution is added an equal volume of alcohol, and then fuming nitric acid containing nitrous vapours it becomes successively green, blue, violet, and red, passing finally to yellow again. An alcoholic extract of the calculus contains the biliary acids. The solution has a bitter taste, and should be evapo- rated to dryness, and the residue dissolved in a little water. One drop of sugar solution (1 in 4 pts. aq.) is then stirred in, and pure strong H2SO4 added in small quantities at a time until the turbidity at #. formed disappears, cooling after each addition. A transient yellowish tint at first appears, changing subsequently and successively to pale cherry-red, deep carmine, purple, and intense violet. In applying this test (Pettenkofer's) an excess of sugar must not be used (or the liquid chars), and the temperature must be kept at about 50° C., but not higher. Intestinal Calculi are not common in man; they are sometimes met with in the case of persons who eat oatmeal largely, and then consist of hairs and fragments of the oat encrusted with calcium phosphate and carbonate. The 424 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. habitual use of magnesium carbonate may also give rise to concretions in the bowels. Pancreatic Calculi are very rare; when found they are usually of oval shape, with a worm-eaten appearance upon the surface, which is of whitish colour, and acquires an enamel-like lustre when rubbed. The fracture is white, and glistens somewhat like porcelain. Analysis has shown one sample to contain 24% of organic matter, and 7.6% of inorganic, chiefly calcium carbonate, with a little phosphate. Prostatic Calculi consist essentially of calcium car- bonate and phosphate, small quantities of uric acid, calcium oxalate, and ammonium-magnesium phosphate may be I resent. Salivary Calculi consist chiefly of calcium carbonate . with traces of phosphate. Urinary Calculi vary considerably in size, shape, and colour. They may contain calcium oxalate, calcium phos- phate, magnesium phosphate, ammonium-magnesium phos- phate, calcium carbonate, uric acid, urates, cystine, xanthine, blood, fatty substance, &c. A General Method for the Examination of Animal Calculi. Subject a nortion of the calculus in the state of powder to the action of the air at a red heat. (A) It burns away, leaving little or no ash. Absence of mineral matters in more than traces. Probable presence of cholesterin, biliary colouring matters, fibrin, albumin, uric acid, Amurate, Am hippurate, cystine, or xanthine. (a) A portion is treated with conc. HNO3, the soln. evapd. to dryness, and the residue treated with a drop of Liq. Ammoniae (Murexide test). (1) A purple-red is produced. Uric acid or Am urate. (Am must be tested for by shaking up with KHO.) (2) No purple-red is produced, but (a) The nitric acid soln. becomes yellow during evapn., and leaves a residue insol. in soln, of pot. carb. Xanthine. 425 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. (B) Or the nitric acid soln. becomes dark brown on evapn., and leaves a residue which dissol. in Liq. Ammon. to a soln, which deposits micro- scopical hexagonal plates of cystine. (b) A portion is treated with Liq. Potassae. (1) It dissolves and is repptd. by acetic acid, but redissol. by excess of the acid to a soln. which gives a ppt. with K ferrocyanide. Fibrine. (2) It dissolves to a dark brown soln., which with nitric acid gives the colour reactions of biliary colouring matters, v. p. (c) A portion is treated with boilg. alcohol. (1) It is crystalline and dissolves, giving reactions of cholesterin, v. p. (2) The soln. has a bitter taste, and with Petten- kofer's test gives the reactions of biliary acids, v. p. Note. —Calculi contg. fibrine and biliary acids and colg. matters evolve the odour of calcined animal matters on ignition. (B) It is almost entirely fixed (absence of organic matters), or it burns away only partially (Na or Caurate, &c.). (a) It does not contain uric acid, v. sup. (1) The residue after ignition melts easily. It is fusible calculus, consisting of Ca phosphate, with Am Mg phosphate, &c., Apply the ordinary tests. (2) The residue after ignition does not melt. (a) The residue is neutral to litmus paper. Ca. phosphate. Apply the ordinary tests. (B) The residue is alkaline to litmus. Ca oxalate or carbonate. Apply the ordinary tests. (b) It contains uric acid. (1) It melts on ignition colouring the flame yellow, Naurate; or violet, Kurate. (2) It does not melt on ignition, but yields a residue which dissolves in acid with effervescence, and is either CaCO3 from Caurate, or Mg carb. from Mg urate. Apply the ordinary tests for these metals. The results of the examination by this scheme should now be confirmed by other reactions of the bodies detected. * 426 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. The Examination of Urine. Deposit.—Healthy urine is clear when passed, but after a time deposits a light flocculent precipitate consisting of mucus and epithelial cells. A deposit of oxalate of lime occurs in some instances, but more often an abnormal deposit consists of urates or phosphates. In order to distinguish between these it is only necessary to warm the urine, when the deposit dissolves in case of urates, but persists when it is due to phosphates. A cloudiness caused by phosphates is removed by the addition of a few drops of acetic acid. Mucus and pus also cause deposits, but these are not removed by acidu- lation. The presence of albumin distinguishes a turbidity due to pus from one due to mucus; in the former case the cloudiness is increased by the addition of soln. of pot. ferrocy. to the acidulated urine, while in the latter case there is no increase of turbidity. In order to distinguish between a deposit due to pus and one caused by mucus in albuminous urine, the urine is allowed to subside, and the clear portion decanted. The sediment is then submitted to the action of a small piece of caustic potash; if on stirring it becomes ºlºginous, pus is present; a sediment of mucus remains thin. Colour.—Urine may be pale, normal, high coloured, or dark when viewed in a glass vessel 3 or 4 inches in diameter; normal urine under these circumstances appears golden to orange yellow. 1)ark urine is usually caused by bile, haemo- globin, or blood; bile imparts a brown or greenish tint, and the two latter cause various shades of blood-red or coffee colour. With pus present in large amount in strongly alkaline urine the colour may be greenish-brown; carbolic acid or creasote also cause dark urine, and in cases of melanotic cancer, the urine, normal at first, may become dark from oxidation upon standing. Specific Gravity.—This may be ascertained by the urino- meter (a special form of hydrometer), or by the sp. gr. bottle. The sp. gr. of normal urine, determined at 60° F., varies between 1020 and 1025, the average being about 1020. The whole quantity passed should be well mixed in taking a sample for this test. Reaction.—Healthy urine is usually acid, but may be neutral or even alkaline after a meal, or after the taking of alkaline medicines. After standing some time the reaction 427 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. becomes alkaline. Alkalinity due to ammonia is distinguished from that due to fixed alkalies by the blueness of the test- paper disappearing upon drying. When ammonium car- bonate is the cause of alkalinity ammonia gas is evolved on boiling with a few drops of Liq. Potassae. Sometimes the reaction of urine is amphoteric (turning both red and blue litmus). Normal Constituents of urine are (1) nitrogenous bodies— urea, uric acid, allantoin, oxaluric acid, xanthine, kreatinine, sulphocyanic acid, &c.; (2) ferments—pepsin, ptyalin; (3) salts—silicates, phosphates, sulphates, chlorides, of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe; (4) acids—oxalic, lactic, glycerophosphoric (?), sulphuric, ether-sulphuric acids; and (5) pigments and chromogens. Abnormal constituents are albumins, blood, haemoglobin, methaemºglobin, bile-pigments, biliary acids, glucose, lactose, leucin, tyrosin, cystin, Ca oxalate, &c. The total solids are found by evapn. and weighing of dried residue, or approximately by multiplying last two figures of sp. gr. by 2-33 (= pts. per 1000). Urea is determined by treating 5 c.C. of urine with 40 or 50 c.C. of fresh hypo- bromite soln. (NaHO 100 p., aq. 250 p., addg. Br 25 p. when cold). The evolved N gas gives the urea. Tric acid may be determined by acidg. with ºr vol. hydrochl. acid, collecting and weighing deposit after 24 hours (on weighed filter); or the deposit may be boiled with PbO2 and aq., and the N estimated by hypobromite (N × 3 = uric acid, adding : 004.5 G. per 100 c.C. of urine taken). Uric acid may also be determined by ppt.g. as zinc urate (after previous removal of phosphates with Liq. Sodae), and decomposition of this ppt. with hypobromite; 100 c.C. of urine may be employed. Crates occur as whitish or reddish deposit; under microscope Na and Ca urates are generally amorphous, Na urate sometimes resembles hedgehogs; Am urate, opaque globules or slender dumb-bells which are single, crossed, or rosetted. Phosphates are always deposited as alkalinity develops; the Mg, Ca, P205 may be detected by usual methods. Under microscope Ca phosph. is amorph., the AmMg salt in rhombic prisms (sol. in acetic acid). Ca ozalate occurs in octahedrons or dumb bells; it is colourless, insol. in alkalies and acetic acid. Sulphuric acid is estimated directly as SrSO4 (sulphates); after boiling another portion with HNO3 and KClO3 (diff. = oxidisable S); by fusing resi- 428 PharMACists' Pocket-Book. due of urine with KNO3 the difficultly oxidisable sulphur is obtained by difference. Chlorides estimated as AgCl, Albumin is indicated by a deposit, insol. on adding a drop of acid picric being the best) on boiling the urine. Sugar may be estimated by Fehling's soln., by the polarimeter, by loss of sp. gr. on fermentation, &c. (Fehling's soln. — Cu sulph. crys., 34' 64 G : Rochelle salt, 173 G; NaHO soln. (sp. gr. 1:14), 480 c.C.; make up to 1000 c.C.; 10 c.C. = '05 G glucose, Co H12O6). For detection boil utine with this soln. ; for estimation deliver dil. urine (1 in 10 p.aq.) from burette into 10 c.C. of Fehling's soln., dild. and boiling in a dish, adding urine little at a time till colour goes entirely. The (original) vol. of urine necessary to decolorise conts. (5 G glucose. Use average of urine passed in 24 hours. Uric acid also gives a ppt. with the soln, but not on standing in the cold as sugar does. Johnson detects sugar by mixing Liq. Potass, with urine, boiling, and adding picric acid; sugar causes a deep red colour. Blood may be detected by adding uine to an emulsion of Tr. Guaiac. and oil of turp.; an intense blue colour results in presence of blood. It may also be detected by its absorption spectrum. Biliary acids, v. p. 423. Biliary colourg. matter is indicated by colour (v. supra); a yellow scum forms on surface after agitation, and the urine has a bitter taste. Leucin may be extracted from the residue of urine (after treatment with Pb acetate and removal of lºb) with boilg. alcoh. It separates (on evapg. off alcoh, to a syrup) in crys., appearing under microscope as round balls with peculiar radiating or concentric markings. Tyrosiu is obtained in similar manner, but is extracted by boilg. aq. from resid. insol. in alcoh. It forms fine coloriss, needles, and Hg nitrate boiled with it in soln. gives rosy red colour and ppt. Cystine, see Calculi, p. 422. Accidental pigments from food, &c. may be present. The Examination of Womit. The vomit is filtered through canvas or muslin, and the solid matter remaining on the filter examined by inspection and otherwise. The liqd. passing the filter is allowed to settle. The Filtrate. — The reaction is determined by litmus paper. The pres. of free hydrochloric acid is detected by methyl- 429 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. orange, which becomes red in pres, of mineral acids. It must be remembered that lactic acid displaces not only volatile acids, but even hydrochloric and other mineral acids from their salts. The volatile acids are separated by distilla- tion. From the non-volatile lactic acid may be separated by saturating with ZnO, and evapg. to dryness; the residue is digested with alcohol, when zinc lactate remains insoluble. The acetic and butyric salts of zinc dissolve in alcohol, and these acids may be separated by evapg. the distillate to a low bulk, acidltg. with HCl, and saturatg. the liqd. with CaCl2. On shaking the soln. with ether butyric acid passes into the ether, while acetic acid remains in the aqueous layer. To test for pepsin add an equal vol. of dil. HCl (10 ml of Acid. Hy. Dil. B.P. to 13 of aq.), and a flake of hard-boiled white of egg; pepsin, if present, causes the dissolution of the albu- men. Trypsin may be detected by proceeding in a similar manner, but omitting the acid, and rendering the liqd. slightly alkaline with sod. bicarb. Peptone may be detected by dialysing and treating the outer liqq. with HgCl2, which ppts. peptones, or with KHO and a drop of dil. Soln. of CuSO4, which gives a ppt., soluble on shaking, to a soln., which is red, and becomes purple on adding more copper soln. Blood, bile, &c., should also be looked for. ă THE DETEctron of VEGETABLE ALKALonds, GLUcosides, &c. The following is an outlinº of Dragendorff's process. Extract the comminuted substance with water aciduld with sulphuric or acetic acid. Add alcohol to syrup obtained by evapn. and filter. Distil off alcohol and again filter. Treat aqueous acid liquid with the following immiscible solvents in succession, separating each before applying the next:— PETRoleum. ETHER, BENzºNE, Chloroform. Separate residual dissolved chloroſm. by petr. ether and alkalise with ammonia. Shake in succession as before with PetroLEUM ETHER, BENze NE, Chloro- ForM, AMYL separated the substance as indicated in ALcohol. The residual º liquid may contain curarine. The solvents will have e following table:— - *. Convallamarin, Morphine, Narceine, Salicin, Saponin, Senegin, Solanine. É Chloroſm. TCelandine alkd, Cinchonine, Morphine, Narceine, Papaverine. - Aconellin, Aconitène, Atropine, Brucine, Cinchonine, Codeine, Delphinine, Emetime, 3 Benzene. Ethyl-strychnine, Hyoscyamine, Methyl-strychnine, Napelline, Narcotine, Nepaline, 5 Physostigmine, Quinine, Sabadilline, Sabatrine, Strychnine, Thebaine, Veratrine. s Aniline, Brucine, Capsicum, Comine, Emetin, Lobeline, Methyl-comine, Nicotine, É Petr. Pimento, Quinine, Sabadilline, Sarracemin, Sparteine, Strychnine, Trimethyla- E ether. mine, Veratrine. HCl added in evapn. if odorous liquid (vol. alkald.) left on evap. small portion. l AMoRPH.-Convallamarin, Digitalin, Jervine, Saponin, Senegin, Smilacin, Syringin. = |* Crystºne.—cinchonºne, Helleborin, Narceine, Pāpaverine, Picrotozin, Theobromine. g * AMoRPH. Colourtless or PALE YELLow.—Colocynthin, Elaterin, Pimento, Populin. = |Benzene, AMoRPH. Yellow-Chrysammic acid, Colchicine, Quassiin, Wormwood, &c. E. CRYstne. ColourLEss-Berberine, Cantharidin, Cascarillin, Cubebin, Digitalin, : Santonin, Theine. CRYSTNE. YELLow.—Aloetin (Picric acid, Piperin). 2 Volatile–Phenol, and essent, oils. AMorph.-Aconite, Capsicin, Hellebore. - *. CRYst NE. AND Vol. At.-Picric acid, Piperin. CRYs. Colourless, Fusible, ODoRous, - —Camphor, &c. 431 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. TABLE OF Ash, or RESIDUE of INCINERATION, of VARIOUS DRUGS AND PREPARATIONs. (Warnecke's numbers are all from air-dried samples.) Name of Substance. Acid Arsenios. . . . . , Benzoic. - - - - ,, Boric. (cryst.) ,, Citric. . . . . , Gallic. . . . . . . ,, Hydrobromic. Dil. ,, Hydrochloric. .. ,, Hydrocyan. Dil. , Lactic. . . . . . . ,, Nitric. . . . . . . ,, Phosph. Conc. .. -- -- Dil. ,, Sulphuric. .. , Sulphuros. . . , Tannic. -- ,, Tartaric. .. Aconitina -- AEther . . . . . . Alcohol Ethylicum Aloes v. Succus .. Alumen Potassii .. Ammonii Benzoas.. -- Carbonas -- Chloridum -- Nitras . . . . . . Anatto, Pure . . . . . . . . ,, Commercial . . . . Antimonium Sulphuratum .. .. | only a slight ... • Asli per cent. nil residue 56 - 5 nil l ... trace only | little or none 48°1 of P205 with lead | oxide 10-0 do, do. little or none! nil -- trace or none nil -- -- between 54 and 55 | nil 2, almost entirely NaCl 13 to 52 about 66'66 (Sb2O4) (G.M.J.) Authority. - I”. B. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- W. Lºwson see F. B. - 432 PHARMACists' PoCKET-B0ok. TABLE of Ash, &c.—continued. Name of Substance. Ash per cent. Authority. Aqua Destillata . . . . . . . . scarcely visi- P. B. ble residue Argenti Oxidum . . . . . . . . 93 - 103 (of Ag.) Arillus Myristicae (Macis) . . . . 1 - 39 Warnecke -- -- after removal of 2 - 74 -- 30:13 per cent. fat. - - Arsenii lodidum . . . . . . . . . almost en- P. B. tirely volatile Atropina . . . . . . . . . . . . nil -- Atropinae Sulphas . . . . . . . . -- -- Beberinae , , - - - - - - - - -- -- Bismuthi Oxidum . . . . . . . . scarcely -- diminished in weight Caffeinae Citras . . . . . . . . . a mere trace -- Calcii Hypophosphis . . . . . . about 80 -- Camphora . . . . . . . . . . nil -- Carbo Animalis Purificatus. . . . not more than -- about 2 , Ligni . . . . . . . . . . -- -- Catechu Pallidum . . . . . . . . 2 - 6 Pharmaco- graphia. Caules Chiratae (dried at 100° C) 3-7 -- * , Sacchari Officinari - - 0-29 -- Cerii Oxalas . . . . . . . . . . 48 P. 13. Chloral Hydras . . . . . . . . nil -- Chloroformum . . . . . . . -- -- Chondrus crispus (Irish moss) ... more than 15 Pharmaco- graphia, Chrysarobinum . . . . . . . . nil P. B. Cinchonidinae Sulphas . . . . . . -- -- Cinchoninae Sulphas - - - - -- -- Cocainae Hydrochloras . . -- -- Co. cus . . . . . . . . not much -- more than 1 Codeina . . . . . . . . . . . . nil 433 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. TABLE OF ASH, &c.—continued. Name of Substance. Ash per cent. Authority, Cortex Aurantii Fruct. (white 5-28 Warnecke. inner tissue removed). -- Belae Indicae Fruct. . . . . 2-8 -- -- Canellae Albaº . . . . . . 6 Pharmaco- graphia. -- Cinnamomi . . . . . . 5 -- -- Citri Fruct. . . . . . . 3-55 Warnecke. -- Granati Fruct. . . . . . . 5-9 Pharmaco- graphia. -- Ipecac. Rad. . . . . . . 2-25 Warnecke. Crocus v. Stigmata Croci . . . . P Elaterinum . . . . . . . . . . nil P. B. Ferri et Ammonii Citras . . . . about 30 -- ,, Peroxidum Hydratum -- about 90 -- Ferrum Tartaratum . . . . . . after washing about 30 (Fe2O3) Flores Pyrethri species (Insect 6-07 W.L. Stearns. wder). Folia Aconiti . . . . . . . . 16-6 Pharmaco- graphia. , Barosmae betulinae . . . . 4-49 - - -- -- crenulatae . . 4 - 54 to 4*7 -- -- serratifoliae .. 5-27 , Belladonna (dried) . . . . 14-5 -- , Cannabis Sativae . . . . . . . nearly 20 -- , Chiratae (dried at 100° C.).. 7' 5 -- ,, Conii (dried) - - - - - 12-8 -- , Sennae . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 12 -- ,, Stramonii (selected leaves, 17 - 4 -- dried at 100° C.). ,, Tabaci . . . . . . . . 16 to 27 -- Fructus Ajowan . . . . . . . . 10-45 Warnecke. -- Anacardii occidentalis .. 1-64 -- -- orientalis 2-14 -- -- Anisi. . . . . . . . . . 6-7 -- religiosi . . . . . . 2-02 -- 2 F 434 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. TABLE of Ash, &c.—continued. Name of Substance. Ash per cent. Authority. Fructus Anisi Stellati .. 2-16 Warnecke. -- Aurantii immaturi.. 5-85 -- -- ,, Flavedo . 3-90 -- -- Cannabis . . . . . . . . 4 - 8:3 -- -- Capsici . . . . . . . . 4 - 66 -- -- -- Pulv. (Pip. Cay- 4-54 -- enne). -- Cardamomi .. 6 - 12 -- -- Carui . . . . . . 5-27 -- -- Cocculi 5 - 2 -- ,, Colae .. 2-53 -- -- Conii .. - - - - - - 6-69 -- -- Coriandri . . . . . . . . 5 - 21 -- -- Cube - - - - - - 5 ° 45 -- -- -- Pulv. - 8-46 W.L.Stearns, -- Cumini . . . . 8-09 Warnecke. -- Dauci sylvestris 5-96 -- -- Foeniculi . . . . -- 7-25 -- -- Juniperi . . . . . . . . 3 to 4 Pharmaco- graphia. -- Mori . . . . . . . . . . 0-57 -- -- Papaveris (dried at 100° 14 - 28 -- C., sine semina). -- Petroselini 7-04 Warnecke. -- Pimentae .. 4 - 0 -- -- Piperis Albi 1 - 1 Pharmaco- graphia. -- » Longi .. 8-33 -- - ,, Nigri . . . . . . . 4-1 to 5' 7 -- -- Rhamni cathartici imma- 3-67 Warnecke, turi. -- -- -- maturi 2-80 -- -- Vanillae . . . . . . . . 4 - 6 Pharmaco- graphia. Fucus amylacens (Ceylon moss, 7-5 to 9:15 -- dried at 100° C.) Glandulae Kamala . . . . . . 4 or 5, not P. B. above 10 435 PHARMACISTs' PoCKET-Book. TABLE OF ASH, &c.—continued. Name of Substance. Ash per cent. Authority. Glandulae Kamalae (special kind 12 Pharmaco- from Aden) graphia. -- Lupulinae .. not more P. B. than about 15 -- -- - - - - - - 10-81 Warnecke, -- -- good specimen 7-3 Pharmaco- graphia. -- -- Impurae 15-33 to Warnecke. 44 - 76 Gossypium . . . . . . . . . . less than 1 P. B. Grana Paradisi v. Sem. Paradisi.. ? P Guarana, Pasta . . . . - - 1-36 Warnecke. Gummi Acaciae . . . . 2.7 to 4-0 || Pharmaco- graphia. ,, Tragacanthae . . . . 3 - Gummi-resina Asafoetidae not above 10 P.B. -- -- Euphorbium 10 Pharmaco- graphia. Herba Hydrocotyles . . . . . . 13 -- Hydrarg. Iod. Rub. - - - nil P. B. -- Ox. Flav. - - - - - - -- -- -- , Rub. - - - - - -- -- -> Perchlor. - - - - - - -- -- -- Persulph. . . . . . . -- -- Hydrargyrum - - - - - - - - -- -- -- Ammoniatum - - -- -- Iodoform .. - - - - - - - - -- -- | Iodum - - - - - - -- - - - - -- -- Kino - - - - - - - - 1-3 Pharmaco- graphia. Lichen Islandicus . . . . . . 1 to 2 -- Lignum Guaiaci (Heartwood) 0-60 -- -- -- (Sapwood). . . . 0-91 -- -- Haematoxyli . . . . . . 3-3 -- -- Ipecac. Rad. . . . . . . 1-37 Warnecke, -- Pterocarpi Rubri 0-8 Pharmaco- graphia. •) F 2 436 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. TABLE OF Ash, &c.—continued. Name of Substance. Ash per cent. Authority. Lignum Quassiae (dried at 100°C.) 7-8 Pharmaco- graphia. Liquor Lithiae Effervescens... ... [about 0.1143 P. B. ,, Mag. Carb. . . . . . . . . . about 0.905 -- ,, Potassae - - - - - - 5' 832 -- -- Sodas . . -- -- - - -- 4 * 105 -- , Sodii Ethylatis . . . . . . 9 * 04: -- (NaHO ) Lithii Carbonas . . . . . . . . 148-6 -- - (of Li2SO4) • Citras . . . . . . . . . . 39 -- Lupulin. v. Glandulae Lupulini .. Lycopodium clavatum .. 4 Pharmaco- graphia. Macis v. Arillus Myristicae . . . . P Mag. Carb. Lewis . . . . . . . . 44 P. B. -- -- Pond. -- -- - - - - 44 -- , Sulph. . . . . . . . . . . 16:26 (See -- - B.P.) - Manna (Finest) . . . . . . . . 3' 6 Pharmaco- graphia. Mel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . not more P. B. than 0-2 Menthol -- -- -- -- -- -- nil -- Morphinae Acetas . . . . . . . . -- -- -- Hydrochloras - - - - -- -- Opium, good (dried at 100°C.) .. 4 to 8 Pharmaco- graphia. Paraffinum Durum - - - - nil P. B. -- Molle -- -- - - -- -- -- Pilocarpinae Nitras. . . . . . . . -- -- Potassii Bicarbonas . . . . 69 -- ... Carbonas . . . . . . . . about 84 -- - - Pulpa Belae Indicae Fruct. . . . . 3.72 Warnecke. ,, Colocynthidis (dried at 11 Pharmaco- - 1000 C.) graphia. , Nucis Wom. Fruct. (dried) 5- 0 pººl and hort, 437 PHARMACISTS' POCKET. BOOK. TABLE of Ash, &c.—continued. Name of Substance. Ash per cent. Authority. Pyroxylin . . . . . . . . . . mil P. B. Quininae Sulphas . . . . . . . . -- -- Radix Althaeae Decort. (dried at 4-88 Pharmaco- 100° C. graphia. -> Aºnam (dried at 100° 11 - 15 -- .) -- Calumba. . . . . . . . . 6 -- -- Hydrastis Canadensis .. 7-77 W.L.Stearns. -> Ipecac. . . . . . . . . 1-98 Warnecke. -> Rhei Ang. . . . . . . . . 10-9 Pharmaco- graphia. -- , China (dried at 100° 12 to 43 -> -- Tarax. (washed and dried 5' 24 -- at 100° C.) -- Zingib. Pulv. . . . . . . 4-8 W.L.Stearns, Resina Guaiaci . . . . . . . . 0-8 Pharmaco- graphia. Rhizoma Filicis . . . . . . . . 2 to 3 -- ,, Tritici Repentis . . . . 4' 5 -- Salep. (Tuberculae Orchidis vel 2 -- Eulophiae, diied at 110°C.) Salicinum. . . . . . . . . . . . nil P. B. Santoninum . . . . . . . . . . -- -> Semina Abri Precatorii - - - - 2-79 Warnecke. ,, Amygd. Dulcis, . . . . .3 to nearly 5 || Pharmaco- graphia. , Arece. . . . . . . . . . 2:26 -- , Belladonnae . . . . . . 2-22 Warnecke. , Cinae (Santonica) 6' 5 Pharmaco- graphia. ,, Colchici . . . . . . 2' 66 Warnecke. ,, Colocyuthidis . . . . 2.7 Pharmaco- graphia. ,, Crotonis Kernel (dried at 3-0 -- 100° C. -- -- Testa (or shell) 2-6 438 POCKET-BOOK. PHARMACISTs' TABLE of Ash, &c.—continued. Name of Substance. Ash per cent. Authority. Semina Cucurbitae . . 2-88 Warnecke. ,, Cydoniae 3-55 -- ,, Foeni Graeci 7 - 0 Pharmaco- graphia. ,, Gossypii arborei .. 4 * 49 Warnecke. -- -- farina. . . . . . 6-85 -- , Hordei Decorticati . . . . . 2-4 to 2-6 || Pharmaco- graphia, ,, Hyoscyami . . . . . . 4-51 Warnecke. ,, Ignatii . . . . - 2-34 -- , Lini . . . . . . - - 3 - 0 Pharmaco- graphia. -- ,, Farina c. Oleo - - 4 to 7 W. Lawson. -- -- ,, sine Oleo .. 7. 9 -- , Myristicae . . . . . . . . 2-0 Warnecke. -- -- (after removal 3-77 -- of 41.25 percent. offat). -- Nigellae . . . . . . . , 3-67 -- , (v. Grº) Paradisi (dried 2 - 15 Pharmaco- at 100° C.). graphia. ,, Physostigmatis -- 3-0 -- , Rapa . . . . . . . . . . 4-36 Warnecke. ., Ricini kernel (dried at 3 - 5 Pharmaco- 100° C.) graphia. -- Ricini testa (or shell) .. 10 - 7 -- , Sabadillae . . . . . . . . 3-45 Warnecke. , Sinapis albæ . . . . . . 4' 63 -- -- , nigra . . . . . . 4 - 0 Pharmaco- graphia. , Staphisagriae . . . . 8.7 -- -- -- - - - - 9-88 Warnecke. ,, Stramonii . . . . . . 2-9 Pharmaco- graphia. , Strychni . . . . . . . . 1- 14 Warnecke. -- Tonco - - - - - - - - 3-57 -- Sodii Bicarbonas . . . . . . . . 63 - 1 P. B. , Carbonas - - - - - - - - 63 -- 439 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. TABLE of Ash, &c.—continued. Name of Substance. Ash per cent. Authority. Sodii Phosphas . . . . 63 P. B. , Sulphas . . . . . . 55 - 9 -- Stigmata Croci (Saffron) 5 to 6 Pharmaco- graphia. -> -- - - - - - - - - about 6 Pharm. Brit. -- , (adulterated) .. 12 to 28 Pharmaco- graphia. Strobili Humuli (dried at 100° C.) 6 to 7 -- Strychnina . . . . . . . . . . nil P. B. Succus Alois Capensis (dried at l Pharmaco- 100° C) graphia. -- Ecballii recens . . . . . . 1-0 to 1-6 -- -- Limonis . . . . . . . . 2 - 28 -- -- Glycyrrh. Solazzi (dried at 6-3 -- 100° C. -- -- TaCC0 . . . . 6° 06 L.J. Schroeder Sulphur Praecipitatum . . . . . . nil P. B. -- Sublimatum . . . . . . -- -- Theriaca (of Colonial Sugar) .. 5 to 7 Pharmaco- graphia. nil P. B. Thymol . . . . . . . . . . Veratrina. . . . . . . . . . -- i THE WOLUMETRIC TEST SOLUTIONS OF THE B.P. K2Cr2O7. FActors. 1 c.c. = -0.168 G. Fe -- •0338 ,, FeCO -- '0358 , Fº, -- '0834 ,, F ,, .0456 , FeSO4 ... *0510 , FeSO4, Aq Na2S2O3,5Aq. 1 c. c. = 00355 G. Cl -- •0127 ,, I -- •00495, As203 PotAssiuM BIcHRow ATE 3 N. Used For Ferri Arsenias. Ferri Carb. Sacch. Ferri Phosphas. . . . . Ferri Sulphas. . . . . Ferri Sulph. Exsiccata Ferri Sulph. Granul. .. Sodium HYPosulphite ºr N (ThrosulphaTE). Calx Chlorinata ... .. Iodum . . . . . . . . Liq. Calc. Chlorinatae .. Liquor Chlori. . . . . 14-57. G. PER LITRE. Official STRENGTH º 37-8 Fe 16:10 Fe; 33-34 FeCO 16-62 Fe; 53-99 F3P. 8.8Aq 19-95 Fe; 99.05 FeSO4,7Aq 32-09 Fe; 97.42 FeSO4, Aq 20:14 Fe; 100 FeSO4, Aq 24'8 G. PER LITRE. 33-15 Available Cl. 100 I 1-99 Available Cl. *61 Available C1. : THE Wolt METRIC TEST SoLUTIONS OF THE B.P.-continued. 1 c. I. FActors. c. = -00495 G. As2O3 •0032 ,, SO2 ‘00248 ,, Na2S2O3,5Aq AgNO3. . c. = -0.027 G. HCN •0098 ,, •0119 , KBr •0065, •0166 ,, KI •0103 , NaBr •0150 ,, NaI IoDINE ºr N. Used Fort Acid Arseniosum Acid Sulphurosum Liquor Arsenicalis - Liq. Arsen. Hydrochlor. Sodii Hyposulph... . . SILVER NITRATE *, N. Acid Hydrocyan. dil. .. Ammonii Bromidum . Potassii Bromidum Potassii Cyanidum .. Potassii Iodidum .. Sodii Bromidum ... .. Sodii Iodidum ... .. 12*7 G. PER LITRE. - Official STRENGTH +. 99-80 As203 5 SO2: 6-4 H2S03 •97 As2O3 100 Na2S2O3,5Aq 17'0 GRMs. P2R LITRE. 2-0 HCN 100 NH, Brº 100 KBrº 94-9 KCN 99.9 KI 98-88 NaBr 99-00 NaI 3. The Volumetric Test Solutions of THE B.P.-continued. C2H2O4,2Aq. FActors. 1 c. c. = - 0523 G. N3H11C.205 0191 ,, Na2B407,10Aq '0170 , NH3 0280 , CaO *0274 ,, Pb2O(C2H8O2)2 •0560 ,, KHO 1000 , KHCO3 '0400 ,, NaHO 0840 , NaHCO3 01895, Pb(C2H5O2)2,3Aq '0560 ,, KHO 1000 ,, KHCO3 0640 , K2 - *0825 a K2CO3,1}Aq * 1030 , § A • 1220 ,, K C4 5, Aq j . Ríčić •040 , NaHO * 1410 ,, NaKC4H4O6,4Aq '0840 ,, NaHCO3 *1430 ,, Na2CO3,10Aq *0230 m, Na OxAlic Acid N. Used For Ammonii Carbonas. . Borax - - - - Liq. Ammon. - Liq. Ammon. fort. Liq. Calcis . . . . Liq. Calcis Sacch... Liq. Plumbi Subacet. -- Liq. Potassae . . . . . Liq. Potassa efferves. .. Liq. Sodas . . . . liq. Soda efferves. Plumbi Acetas. Potassa Caustica .. Potassii Bicarb. .. Potassii Carb. . . Potassii Carb. hyd. Potassii Citras. Potassii Tartras. . . . Potassii Tartras. Acid Soda Caustica Soda Tartarata Sodii Bicarb. . . . . Sodii Carb. . . . . Sodium . . . . . . 63 G. PER LITRE. OFFICIAL STRENGTH |0. 100 N3H11C205 100 Na2B107,10Aq 10 Nº. 32-5 NH3 • 115 CaO 1-52 CaO 24 Pb20 $25,92. 5'83 KH 30 gr. per 0 **ś, 30 gr. per 0 996 Pb(C2H5O2)23Aq 90 KHO 100 KHCO3 100 K. CO3 97.4 K2CO3,1}Aq 100 K3C6H507 100 K2C H4O6, Aq 92-15 ##. 90 NaHO 99 NaKC H4O6,4Aq 100 NaH 03 96 Na CO3,10Aq 97 - 5 Na # THE WOLUMETRIC TEST SoLUTIONS OF THE B.P.-continued. NaHO. FActors. 1 c. c. = 0600 G. HC2H302 0700 , H3C5H507, Aq '0810 ,, #: 0365 , HCl *1170, HC3H503, 1}Aq 0630, HNO3 •0490 ,, H2SO4 '0750, H2C4H4O6 CAUSTIC Soda. Used For Acetum .. -- Acidum Acetic .. Acid Acet. dil. - Acid Acet. Glac. .. Acid Citric . . . . Acid Hydrobrm. dil. Acid Hydrochlor. Acid Hydroch. dil. Acid Lacticum .. Acid Lact, dil. Acid Nitricum Acid Nit. dil. -- Acid Nit. Hydroch. di Acid Sulphuricum Acid Sulphuric dil. Acid Tartaricum .. i. Acid Sulphuric Arom. 40 G. PER LITRE. OfficIAL STRENGTH k. 5-41 HC2H5O2 32-99 HC2 H302 4-27 Hºch;0, A 10 #." 507, Aq 31.8 HCl 10-58 HCl º: #º: 4-6 HC3H503,1}A ;" Hºag 17 - 44 HNO 10 Nºë equiv. 98 H2SO4 12:56 ,, 13° 65 ,, - 99 H2C4H4O6 444 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. THE Following INDICATORs ARE MENTIONED IN THE B.P. Starch for titrations with iodine. Potass. ferricy. for titrations with Fe" salts. Litmus and phenol-phthalein for acidimetry and alkalimetry. Potassium monochromate for titrations with silver. NoTE.—Methyl-orange is an excellent substi- tute for litmus with most acids, but not with oxalic acid ; when using this indicator there is no neces- sity to boil off CO2. Phenol-phthalein is very sensitive to CO2. Some other materials of the B.P. may be tested by these volumetric solutions. É TABLE shownG INDICATIONs GIven by LITMUs, METHYL-oraxge, PHENACEtolin, PHENoL- Phthal EIN AND Rosolic Acid witH various SALTs of ALKALIEs (M = K or Na, not Am) with AMMosia AND with some Acids. (FRoxſ R. T. Thompson's Results.) Free Ammonia. Good results. Useless. M2CO3 M2COs ... MHo. Mºcos. MHC0s. ºffo MHCOs - together. together. M20 M20 || Met-org. in cold | Tot. Alk, by Met.- Litm. Sharp Boil. Boil. gives total M20. org. on separate Add excess of quantity. Add BaCl2 to dilute known MHO in Met- || Sharp || M20 M20 cold solution of excess to separate org. Cold Čí - Cold separate quantity quantity, and de- and use Ph.-ph. termine MHO by without filtration. BaCl2 and Ph.-ph. Ph.- MHO only is in- in cold. The acet. dicated. MHO which dis- §§ converts MHCO3 into Neutral 3 *::: sha M20 | Cold, M2CO3. phth. *P | Boil. M20 Boil. Ros. M20 M90 ... Sharp ºil | 1. Fair. # TABLE showING INDICATIONs, &c.—continued. M Indi- M2SO3. M M Cator. M2S2O3. Māść. M2S M3P04. M2HP04 Silicate. º Borates. M3AsO4 NaAsO2. | 3M20 ) + M20 High Indis. Slow, in- ºood # M20 | Good but I Me.-org. Sharp. indis- tinct distinct || Total Litm. o boiling | Me.-org. sharpest. tinct. 3M20 M20 M2SOs sharpest, - indi- Met.- ind. Good l others cated. org. MHSO3 cold. 7 indis- Sharp. Sharp. Good. 3M20 Ph neutral. tinct. S .-àC. Me.-org. G Ph.-ac. - alue - Good - Indis- Indis- Neutral.] best. boiling) * tinct. tinct. lſº P Good. h.- M2803 | # M20 || 3 M20 || Almost phth. nitri 'cº jà nºt. Low. Useless. *M20 | Low cold. - 3M, O | } M 9.0 Same | Same Ros. M20 3M8 2 Sharp - Indis- acid. big | | | | | bºiling. * time. nº. ſº. litm. 5 TABLE shownG INDICATIONs, &c.—continued. 3 ; COHO l, CH3 Indi- HCl, HNO Tartaric Citric cator. H2SO4. COHO. COHO. Acid. Acid. Remarks, - - Good Acids change blue to red;. Litm boiling Sharp. Low Fair. Low. alkalies turn red to blue. - Aq. soln. Yellow when alkaline; pink Good with acid; MC1, M2SO4, Me.-Org. cold Useless. Useless. Useless MNOs decrease sharpness; - useless with nitrites. Alcoh. Soln. - | Useless Faint yellow with MHO: Good if dark pink with M2CO3 and Ph.-ac. carb. Low. Low. || Low. NH3, more intense wib. present. MHCOs; golden yellow with acids. Alcoh. Soln. Good Colºrless when acid or neu- Ph.-phth. boilin Sharp. Good. Sharp. tral; fine red when alka- g- line. Alcoh. Soln. Good | Pale yellow to pink by Ros.-ac. boilin Sharp. Useless. Fair. Useless. alkali; am. Salts, decrease 9. - sharpness. Alcoh. Soln. £ PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS LR =lavo-rotatory; D R = dextro-rot.; S = soluble; Name and Formula. Source. Crystn. Rotat. in Alcoh. Quinine War. C. barks Hy. crg. Sp - 165-8 C20H24N202 } £ Cinchonidine C. rubra, &c. Anhy. cre. Sj – 144:61 -> C20H24N202 3. &º Most. C. barks -- -- Sp + 228 3. C20H24N202 } Çiği. War. C. barks Hy, cre. Sj + 250-75 , C20H24N202 a Homocinchonine C. rosulenta Crs. LR -> C19H22N2O * Homocinchonidine C. ovata Crs. LR ... C19H22N20 Dihomocinchonicine C. rosulenta Amorph. DR C38H44N402 §º C. Calisaya, rosu- Anhy. crs. DR C19H24N2O2 lenta, succirubra. of CINCHONA ALKALOIDs. s = sparingly S; F = fluorescent salts; Hy. = hydrated. Thall. Test. Form. Not form. -- Form. 2 Not form. Solubility. 3 || - 5 Other Solvents. Remarks. 3 # = º: : 5 S S S Vol. & fix. oils. Ben- || Salts crys. F. zene. Petr. spt., CS2. S S -- Tartrate insol. Not F. Melts 17.5°C. S I I Amyl. alch. Partially sublimes. Not F. Melts 165°C. S s S -- Melts 160°C. Salts crys. F. Tartrate sol. Ppd. by Kl. S -- - Salts amorph. Not F. S S º: ă PROPERTIES AND REACTIONs LR = lasvo-rotatory; D R = dextro-rot.; S = soluble: Name and Formula. Source. Crystn. Rotat. in Alcoh. Paricine C. succirub. Amorph. Cºo : aytine Payta bark Hy. crs. LR s C21 H24N2O + Paytamine -- -- Amorph. - - C21H,24N2O - Cusconine Cusco bark Hy, cre. LR 5 C28H26N204 * Aricine -- -- Crs. C28H26N2O4 - Quinicine Isom. with qui- Amorph. Alc.-chlorm. 3 || C20H24N202 nine and cin- Anhy. Sp + 25 8 F. := chonine, formed 53 Cinchonicine by heating their -- S + 20-1 C.E C20H24N2O resp. disulphates D 5 (Apodiquinicine -- Amorph. Sp + — 40H16N403 of CINCHONA. ALKALOIDS—continued, s= sparingly S ; F = fluorescent salts; Hy. = hydrated. Form. Not form. Form. Thall. Test. Solubility. # * # Other Solvents. -: º C - - S - - S - S S s S - S S S S S Am... salts S Am. Salts S S -- Remarks. Salts annorph. Oxalate uncry. as most salts. Melts 188°C. Oxalate soluble and crys. Acid sol. §: by NaClO. Ppd. by KCyS. Many salts crys. Acid sol. pp.d. by NaClO. Sol. F. . § Name and Formula. PROPERTIES AND REACTIONs of * On adding KC10s or HNO3. C= cold ; H = hot; Colour reactions with - Fröhde's lºº, Conc. H2SO4. º º Morphine | Orange disap- |Nil c. Red violet to dirty Blue | Violet to blue C17H19NO3 pears with green H. *Violet blue to and dirty grn. Na2 S2O3. dark red. Apomorphine Red or red-violet Pink | Deep green to C17H17NO2 violet. Pseudomorphine Org. red to yellow Nil C. H. green or purple to Blue C17H19N 04 red. eine Yellow 2 Blue. *Bld. red Nil Pirty grin to C18H21NO3 blue and yell. Apocodeine - - - - º - Ar- arcotine Red | Colourless to yellow C. Org. Nil Yell. green C22H23NO7 | red to blue H. “Carmine. arceine Yellow Amber to dark red. *Nil. Yell. to nil C2 H 9N 09 ñº. Deep red Blood red to yellow. olive Blood red to C19H21NO3 green H. yellow. Papaverine Nil Violet blue fading slowly. I. -- * Violet blue C21H21NO; to nil. - CHIEF OPIUM Alkaloids. S = solub.; s = sparingly S; I = insol.; si nearly I. Reqā. to dissolve 1 of alkaloid. : i s : # - w" - - - liaisºlatiºn # = | # ==|=#|3}#### 90 I 400 C I 500 sI S s SH H S - -- s s S S I S - I I S I S 12 7 si || 17 | 75 s As Aq S . - I I 3 25 300 si || 7000 si I I s i sI I 200 |375 S s is 19 60 | 1 || | | | | | | 1 I S I I S I Remarks. Yellow coln. with Iodic acid, deepened by Am HO ; blue on add. starch if 1 in 1000 present. Soln. in dil. alk, turns black. Soln. in alcohol turns green. Sol. in cold H2SO4 gives crys. pp. on dilution. With H2SO4 blue on long standing. with HNOs statements vary. Yell.-red with Cl and AmBO. Syn. paramorphine. Insolbty characteristic. * Heating some- times necess., sol. in cold H2SO4, milky on dilution. º: Properties AND REACTions of THE STRychnos ALKALOIDs. S = soluble: s = sparingly Sº I = insoluble; si nearly I. Name and Source. Formula. = § 3 || 3: z 3 Strychnine S. Nux- 100 s --- vomica, 202 S. Ignatia (seeds). Brincine Same as S w Cas Hao Strychnine. 2v- curºine |s tasiſer, s 1 Reqa. to dissolve 1 of alkaloid. -: -; Properties and Reactions. 2 ºc o 0. Free base crys, non-volat, levo-rotat..: the salts mostly sol in alcoh. Sonneuchein's reagent com- pletely pps. this alkald., as do chromates. No colour with cold conc. HaSO4, but highly charac- teristic reaction with this and certain oxidising substances, e.g. MnO2, K-Craon, PbO2, KMnO4. The colour change is from purple blue to purple crimson, and cherry red. Solns, intensely bitter. The best analytical solvent for strych. and brucine is ether-chloroform. Free base crys. : melts 115° C., sublimes 204° C. Less intensely poisonous than strychnine it forms asoluble chromate, and gives no colour reaction with HaSO, and oxid. reagents. It gives a blood red &ioration with strong HNoa. Separated from strychnine by alcohol or by chromate react. base crys. Intensely poisonous, if injected. Chromate imperfectly pp.d. Reaction with H2SO4 and oxid, reagents simulates strychnine. . ration from strychnine by ammonia, strychnine being dissolved. § PROPERTIES AND REACTIONs of some NoN-volatile ALRALoIDs (VEGETABLE). S = soluble: s = sparingly S: I = insol. ; sI nearly I; H = hot; C = cold. Name and - Formula. Source. 2. l = 3 # - || - Aconitine Aconitum Na- S | S C32B48N012 pellus. Atropine Atropa Bella- |.. S C17H23NO3 donna (deadly - nightshade). Bºbérine Nectandra Ro- ... S C18H21NO3 diaei. Berberine War. sp. of Ber- I C20 H 7 N04 berideae. Caffeine Tea and coffee, s s C3H10 N2O4 } Kola nuts. Cocaine Erythroxylon Coca- Colchicine Colchicum au- S | S C17H23NOG 2 tumnale. Cytisine Cytisus Labur- C20H27N30 num. Solubility. || 3 | # E s . 5 § 3. S S I S .. S S .. s s I S S s S S I * Characters. 3. º 50 H | Violently poisonous; º; gr.fatal. 150 C Contracts pupil. ... Poisonous; igr. fatal. Dilates the pupil. . Febriſuge. ? Identical with Pari- cine. S Tonic. Sol. in amyl. alcoh. SH | Syn. Theine. Stimulant, poison- ous in excess. Rather volat. S Very poisonous; symptoms re- semble veratrine. Poisonous; giddiness, vomiting. spasms, "c ac PROPERTIES AND REACTIONs of soy E NoN-volatile ALKALOIDs—continued. Solubility Nº. Source. = | # # ă # 5 Characters. 3 || 5 || 3 || 3 || 5 || 3: |- " - & & = Daturine i)atura Stramo- . . . . . . . . - Syn. Hyoscyamine; also Duboi- C17H23NO3 nium (also sine from certain species of Henbane). Duboisia containing it. Poison. Resembles Atropine. Dilates pupil. Emetime Cephaëlis Ipe- S S | S | S s Emetic; poisonous in excess. C30H44N204 cacuanha. Physostigmine Physostig. faba |.. S | S . . . s Syn. Eserine. Poisonous. Strongly C15H21N3O2 (Calabar bean) contracts pupil. Pilocarpine Pilocarpus pen- . . . . . . . . - Diaphoretic, sialagogue. C28H84N4O4 natifolius. Piperine Pepper |.. s |S|S| S si Melts about 100° C. C17H19NO3 Theobromine Theobroma - - - - - - - - - . . Resembles Caffeine. Poisonous in C7H8N4O2 Cacao. excess. Veratrine | Veratrum offic. S S | S | S sl Produces vomiting, frothing at the C37 H53NO11 &c. ) (Saba- mouth; and sneezing if inhaled. dilla). º: ProPERTIES AND REACTIONs of some Vol. ATILE VEGETABLE ALKALOIDs. Name and Formula. Conine (CSH14)"HN Nicotine C10H14N2 Source. Conium macu- latum (Hemlock) Genus Nicotiana (Tobacco). Solubility. : -; Characters. S S-i S Liquid. Boils 163° C. Density '88. aporises in air at ord. temps. and distils with water or alcoh. Odour mousy. White amorp. pp., sol. in acetic acid, with HgCl2. Brown pp. with AgNO3. Coagul. albumen. ery poisonous. Dilates pupil. Liquid. Boils 240° C. Volats, and boils as Conine. Density 1-027. Laevo-rotat. Forms chloro-plat. ; Conine not. Crys. pp. with HgCl2. White pp. with AgNO3. Poison- ous. Smell of tobacco. Dilates pupil. § PROPERTIES AND REACTions of Sovie Volatile VEGETABLE ALKALonds— continued. fish, &c. Solubility. - \º Source. = |s|≤ || 3 || 5 Characters. 3 || 3 || 3 || = | # : º 5 || 3 || 2: Lobeline Lobelia inflata S S | S S S | Semi-liquid. Expectorant and emetic (Indian tobacco). to poisonous. Contracts pupil. Smell of lobelia. HgCl2 no pp., - AgNO3 white pp. Methylamine | Mercurialis an .. . . . . S Gas with smell like NH3 and re- (CH3)H2N nua and M. actions closely resembling NH3 perennis, and throughout. various re- actions. Sparteine Cytisus scopa- ... . . . . . . s Oily. D > 1. Boils 288°C. Forms C15H23N rius (Broom). chloro-plat. Narcotic poison. Can be distilled. Taste bitter. Trimethyl- |Occurs with me- - - - - - - - Oily liquid. Boils 9° C. Smell of amine. thylamine, also decayed fish. (CH323 N in ergot, stale 459 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. The Atomic Weights of the ELEMENTs As given IN the B.P., The U.S.P., AND As RECALCULATED BY F. W. CLARKE. N.B.-The “equivalents” (U.S.P) are the values to be given to the symbols in the old formulae, and not equivalents as compared with the hydrogen atom. U.S. P. Name. Symbol. B.P. At. Wt. Equiv. F. W. C. Alºnium ..] § . 27 13.5 27:009 Antomony ... St 120 120 120 | 119-955 Arsenic. . . . As 75 74.9 74.9 74-gis Barium . . . . Ba 137 136-8 68°4 136'763 Beryllium ... Be — 9 9 9 * 085 Bismuth ... Bi 209 210 210 207 - 523 Boron . . . . B 11 11 11 10-941 Bromine ... Br 80 79-8 79-8 79-768 Cadmium ... Cd - 111 - 8 55-9 || 111 - 835 ium ... Cs - 132 - 6 132' 6 || 132° 583 Calcium ... Ca 40 40 20 39 - 990 Carbon . . . . C 12 12 6 11 - 97.36 Cerium . . . . . Ce 141 141 70’ 5 || 140-424 Chlorine ... Cl 35° 5' 35-4 35-4 || 35-370 Chromium ... Cr 52-5 52-4 26 - 2 52-009 Cobalt.*... ... Co — 58.9 29:45, 58.887 Copper . . . . Cu 63-4, 63-2 31-6 || 63-173 Didymium ... I'i 144 - 6 72°3 || 142' 121 Erbium . . . . . — 165-9 82-95. 165 - 861 Fluorine ... Fl — 19 19 18 -984 Gallium. . . . G. — 68-8 34°4 68' 854 Gold . . . . Au 196° 5' 196-2 196'2 196' 155 Hydrogen ... H 1 1 l 1 * 000 Indium . . . . In - 113-4 56 - 7 || 113-308 Iodine . . . . I 127 126-6 126' 6 126° 557 Iridium . . . . Ir - 192.7 96-35, 192: 651 Iron . . . . Fe 56 55 - 9 27-95 55-913 Lanthanum ... La – 138' 5 || 138° 5 || 138' 019 Lead . . . . Pb 207 206 - 5 103 25, 206 - 471 Lithium ... Li 7 7 7 7-0007.3 Magnesium ... Mg 24 24 12 23-959 Manganese ... Mn 55 54 27 54-85.5 Mercury ... Hg 200 199-7 99 - 8 || 199-712 * Uncertain owing to recent discoveries. 460 PHARMACISTs' pockFT-Book. THE ATOMIC WEIGHTs of THE ELEMENTs. As Given IN THE B.P., THE U.S.P., AND As RecALCULATED BY F. W. CLARKE—continued. - U.S.P Name. Symbol. B.P. At. Wt. Equiv. F. W. C. Molybdenum Mo - 95 - 5 42-75, 95 : 527 Nickel" . . . . . Ni - 58 29 57 - 928 Niobium ... Nb - 94 94 - Nitrogen . N 14 14 14 || 14-021 Osmium ..! Os - 198: 5 99 • 25, 198: 494 Oxygen ... ... O 16 16 8 15 9633 Palladium ... Pd - 105-7 52-85. 105.737 Phosphorus ... P 31 31 31 30-958 Platinum ... Pl 195 194-4 97 - 2 194° 415 Potassium ..] K 39 39 39 39 - 019 Rhodium Rh - 104 - 1 52-05 104-055 Rubidum ... Rb - 85-3 85 - 3 || 85-251 Ruthenium ... Ru - 104-2 52-1 || 104 - 217 Scandium ..] Sc - 44 22 43-98 Selenium ...] Se - 78-8 39-4 78-797 Silicon . . . . . Si - 28 14 28-195 Silver . . . . Aq 108 107.7 || 107-7 || 107 675 Sodium . . . . . Na 23 23 23 22- 998 Strontium ..] Sr - 87 - 4 43 - 7 87 374 Sulphur... ... S 32 32 16 31-984 Tantalum . Ta - 182 182 182-144 Tellurium ... Te - 128 64 127 - 960 Thallium ..] Tl - 203 - 7 || 203 - 7 203 - 715 Thorium Th - 233 116 - 5 232 - 020 Tin. . . . . . Sn | 118 117-7 53-85. 117 - 698 Titanium ..] Ti — 48 24 47 - 9-0 Tungsten ... W - 183 6 91 - 8 183 - 610 Uranium ... U - 2.88 - 5 119 - 25 238-482 Vanadium ... V - 51-3 51-3 51-256 Ytterbium ... Yb - 172.7 172-7 || 172-761 Yttrium. . . . . Y. - 89 - 8 89 - 8 88-900 Zinc ... ...! Zn 65 64-9 32° 45' 64 - 9045 Zirconium ...! Zr - 90 45 89-367 * Uncertain owing to recent discoveries. 461 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-Book. OFFICIAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. The Weights official in the B.P. Avoirdupois Weight is alone recognised in the British Pharmacopoeia. 1 GRAIN, gr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = •0648 G. 1 OUNCE, oz. . . . . . . . . = 49.7°5 gr. = 28'3495 G. 1 Pound, lb. . . . . = 16 oz. = 7000 gr. = 453.5927 G. The Measures of Capacity official in the B.P. IMPERIAL measures are used. 1 MINIM, min. (or m). . . . . . . . . . = • 059 c.C. 1 FLUID DRACHM, fl. drim. §" fl. 3) = 60 m = 3.550 c.C. 1 FLUID OUNCE, fl.oz. (or fl. 3) = 8 fl. 3 = 480 m = 28.397 c.C. 1 PINT, 0 (or pint) = 20 fl. 3 = 160 fl. 3 = 9600 m = 567'932 c.C. 1 GALLON, (C) (or gall.) = 8 pints = 160 fl. 3 = 1280 fl. 3 = 76800 m = 4.543°458 c.C. These measures, with the exception of the m and the fl. 3, are directly connected with the avoirdupois weights. Thus the fl. 3 is the measure of 1 oz. of aq., the pint is the measure of 14 lbs. of water, and the gall. the measure of 10 lbs. of aq., in all cases at 62°F. (16-66° C.). The fl. 3 being the measure of 1 oz. (i.e. of 437.5 gr. of aq.), and 437 - 5 being a number not susceptible of convenient subdivision into aliquot parts, the m has been introduced by analogy with apothecaries' weight, in which system the oz. is larger than the oz. avoirdupois, and contains 480 gr. The minim is the measure of rºm of an oz. avoirdupois of water. It is not the measure of i gr. of water, but the measure of '9114583 gr. of aq. It is important to note this difference. The Measure of º (and h official in the B.P. .S.P.), 1 INCH (in.) .. . . . . . . . . = 2'54 C. 1 FOOT (ft.) . . . . . . . . . . . . = 12 in. = 30°48 C. 1 YARD (yd.). . . . . . . . = 3 ft. = 36 in. = 91'439 C. 462 PHARMACISTS' PoCKET-BOOK. These measures are identical in the B.P. and U.S. P. They are founded upon the length of a pendulum beating seconds in vacuo at sea-level in the latitude of London, and at a temp. of 62°F. (16' 66° C.). Such a pendulum has a length of 39-1393 inches. The Weights official in the U.S.P. The U.S.P. recognises both avoirdupois and apothecarles' or Troy weight. The GRAIN is the only unit of weight common to the two systems. Directions for preparing galenical preparations are usually given in parts (p.) and fluid parts (fl. p.) in the U.S.P. Apothecaries' weight is as follows:– 1 GRAIN, gr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = 0648 G. 1 Scruple, 9.. . . . . . . . . = 20 gr. = 1.3 G. 1 Drachm, 3 . . . . . . = 39 = 60 gr. = 3-9 G. 1 Ounce Troy, 3... = 8.3 = 24.9 = 480 gr. = 31-10 G. 1 Pound Troy, lo. = 12 oz. Tr. = 96.3 = 288 9 = 5760 gr. = 373°23 G. The Measures of capacity official in the U.S.P. These are quite distinct from the Measures of Capacity official in the B.P. In the first place the gall. is quite dif- ferent; the old wine gall. containing 58372.2 gr. of distilled aq. of max. density weighed in air at 62°F., and 30 in. bar. pressr. being adopted. The pint is the eighth part of this, and it is divided into 16 fl. 3 (not 20). There are 480 min. in an ounce, and the min. is larger than the m of the B.P. 1 Min. .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '0616 c.C. 1 Fluid Drachm 60 min.E 3.75 c.C. 1 Fluid ounce ... = 8 fl. 3= 480 min. = 29'57 c.C. 1 Pint = 16 fl. 3= 128 fl. 3= 7680 min.- 473. 11 c.C. 1 Gallon = 8 pints=128 fl. 3=1024 fl. 3=61440 min.-37.85:00 c.C. 463 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. THE METRIC SYSTEMI. The metric system of Weights and Measures is recognised by the B.P. and U.S.P. Weights. 1 Milligramme = rºw of 1 G., or '001 G. 015432 gr. 1 Centigramme = ºn of 1 G., or '01 G. = • 15432 gr. 1 Decigramme = *, of I. G., or 1 G. - 1'5432 gr. i GRAMMIE, G. =weight of 1 c.C. of aq. at 4°C. (39.2°F.) = 15:432 gr. 1 Dekagramme = 10 G., rarely used - 154'323 gr. 1 Hectogramme= 100 G., -- = 1543°234 gr. 1 Kilogramme = 1000 G. - 15432-359 gr. Measures of Capacity. 1 Millilitre (cubic Centimetre) c.C. = measure of 1 G. of aq. = 16:9 m = 16*23 min. U.S.P. 1 Centilitre, rarely used, 10 c.C. = measure of 10 G. of aq. = 2 82 fl. 3 = 2*70 fl. 3 U.S.P. 1 Decilitre, rarely used, 100 c.C. = measure of 100 G. of aq. = 3-52 fl. 3 = 3-38 fl. 3 U.S.P. Litre, 1000 c.C. = measure of 1000 G. of aq.-1' 7617 pints=2' 113 pints U.S.P. Measures of Length. Millimetre ... ... = rºm M., or '001 M. = '03937 in. CENTIMETRE = ºn M., or '01 M. = 39371 in. Decimetre ... ... = ** M., or 1 M. = 3-9371 in. Metre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = 39°371 in. The metre is the length of a platinum bar kept in Paris; it is derived from measurement of the earth's meridian at Paris, of which it is one forty-millionth. NotE.-The foregoing tables supply the equivalents likely to be of use to the Pharmacist. Additional equivalents may be found in the author's “Chemist's Pocket-book," Remington’s “Practice of Pharmacy,' and other works. 464 PHARMACISTS' PockFT-Book. TABLE FOR THE CONVERsion of Avoir DUPols OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs. (G.M.J.) Oz. Av. Oz. Av. Grains. Grammes. 1. • 0010 • 4375 • 0.283 –3– •0020 -87.50 •0567 N.B.-This table (which con- - tains every fraction down to one ał5 • 0.025 || 1 - 0.938 • OT09 º º also be wº or the mutual conversion o riºra 0030 1-3125 '0851 vulgar and decimal fractions; - - - for example: what is the nearest #5 0040 || 1 7500 1134 vulgar fraction to 0-72, and what - - - decimal fraction corresponds to #5 0.050 || 2: 1875 1418 #2 The vulgar fraction will * | *0060 |2-6250 1701 tº found in the first column, and is equal to 0-72; the decimal rººm '0070 || 3:0625 • 1985 fraction win be found *". - - - second column, and is equal to #5 0.075 || 3:2812 2126 33. It may also be used for **s •0080 || 3-5000 • 2268 nding which of two vulgar fractions is the greater, as for tº ‘0090 3.9375 2552 example # and ºr, which will 1. 0100 || 4.3750 .2835 be found to be equal to , 0.72 and 0.73 respectively; ºr being - • 0200 8: 7500 '5670 the greater; and the nearest - vulgar fraction to the difference * •0250 |10'9375 ‘7087 between two other *::: ‘. --- tions may be found thus:-fin rāa 0300 13 1250 • 8505 ; two given ſº. º the - - rst column, and take the differ- * - 0400 17-5000 || 1 - 1340 ence of the corresponding deci - - -- - mal fractions, which difference * 0.416 18-2292 || 1 - 1812 may be sought in the º 1. - - • 2325 column, and opposite to it wil º: º 19 021. 1- 2325 be found the required lº. 1. •0451 19-8863 1-2386 fraction, thus:-what is the dif- - ference between ", and ##2 B 1. -0476 (20.8333 || 1:3500 ºn. º * - - - = 0.8261; then 0-8261 - 0.352 *; 0500 21 '8750 || || 41.75 = 0-5092, which, by inspection, .0526 23:0263 || 1:4921 will be found to be nearest to 4, o - the error in this case being less Ps - 0355 24-3055 || 1: 5750 than one hundredth, and in no case greater than * •0588 25. 7353 || 1: 6676 º º 465 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. TABLE For THE CoNVERSION OF Avoir DUPOIs OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs—continued. o Oz. Av. Grains. Grammes. Apothecaries' Weight. *_- • 1500 r. Av 3 5 9 grains. * | *0600 26:2500 1 - 7010 tº 0625 27'3438 1 - 77.18 * | * 0.666 29-1666 1 - 8900 - rig 0700 || 30-6250 1 - 98.45 * | *.0714 31-2500 2- 0.250 * | *.0750 32-8125 2-1262 * | *.0769 33°6538 2 - 1807 * | 0800 35'0000 2 - 2680 * | *.0833 36.4583 2-3625 * | * 0.870 38° 0435 2-4652 rºm 0900 39-3750 2 - 55.15 * | -0309 || 39:7737 2-5772 * | 0952 || 41-6666 2- 7000 * | * 1000 || 43.7500 2-83.50 * | '1053 46-0526 2.9842 * | ill 1 || 48.6ill 3 - 1499 * | * 1176 51:47.06 3 : 3352 * | '1200 52-5000 3-4019 # 1250 54.6875 3-5437 2 14- 688 * | 1304 || 57-0652 3- 6978 * | 1333 58.3333 3 - 7799 * | 1363 59.65% 3-8658 # 1429 |- 62 5000 4-0499 *; 65-6250 4-2524 466 PHARMACISTs POCKET-BooK. TABLE FoR THE CoNvERsIoN oF AvoIRDUPoIs OUNCEs INTo GRAINs AND GRAMMEs—continued. Oz. Av. | Oz. Av. Grains. Grammes. º" , # º, | : 1538 | 67 3077 4-3615 # | : 1579 | 69-0789 4 ° 4762 # | : 1600 | 70 0000 4 ° 5359 à | : 1666 | 72-9166 4 * 7249 º, | : 1739 | 76-0870 4 ° 9304 º, | : 1765 | 77-2059 5 0029 | | -i818 | 79-5454 5 ° 1545 # | : 1875 | 82 0313 5 ° 3155 1 1 2 - 03l #, | : 1905 | 83-3333 5 ° 3999 | | -2000 | 87-5000 5 - 6699 , , | 2083 | 91 1458 5 - 9062 - -2105 | 92 • 1053 5 " 9683 º, | 2143 | 93-7500 6 ° 0749 # | 2174 | 95 1087 6 - 1629 # | 2222 | 97 2222 6 ° 2999 ,', | 22i2 | 99-43is 6° 4431 º, | 2308 | 100-9615 6 ° 5422 ſ', | 2353 | 102 9412 6 6705 ,' | 2381 | 104 1666 6-7499 # | 2400 | 105 0000 6 " 8039 + | 2500 | 109-3750 7 - 0874 " 1 2 9 -375 # | 2609 | 114 1304 7 ° 3955 's | 2632 | 115 1316 7 ° 4604 ,', | 2666 | 116 6666 7 - 5599 467 PHARMA cists' Pocket-Book. TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION OF AvoiBDUPOIs OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs—continued. Apothecaries' Weight. Oz. Av. Oz. Av. Grains. Grammes. 5 9 grains. * | 3727 119-3iš. 7.7317 * 2777 | 121.5277 7-8749 * 2800 122 5000 7-9379 # 2857 125'0000 8-0999 sº, 2916 127.6042 8 - 2686 * | *2941 128.6765 8-3381 * | *3000 || 131:2500 8-5049 is 3043 133-1522 8 : 6281 * | *3077 134:6154 8 - 7229 * | *3125 136-7.188 8-8592 2 0 16-719 * | *3158 138-1579 8 9525 * | *3iš1 || 139-2045 9 * 0.203 * | *3200 140:0000 9° 0719 * -3.333 145.8333 9 * 4498 * | *3478 || 152-1739 9 : 8607 * | *3500 | 153- 1250 9-9223 * | *3529 || 154'4118 || 10:0057 * | *3571 156:2500 | 10: 1248 * '3600 157-5000 || 10-2058 * | 3636 159-0309 || 10:3089 tº 3684 || 161-1842 10-4446 # '3750 | 164° 0625 10-6311 2. 2 4° 063 # '3810 | 166-6666 || 10-7998 * | *3846 168-2692 || 10:9037 2 H 2 468 PHARMACists' Pocket-book. TABLE For THE CoNVERSION of AvoriduPois OUNCEs INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs—continued. Oz. Av. Oz. Av. Grains. Grammes. * Wº: º, 3888 170-1388 11-0248 * | *3913 171-1957 11:0933 3 '4000 || 175 0000 11-3398 * '4050 178-9173 11:5975 *, .4118 180° 1471 11. 6733 4166 182-2916 11.8.123 * '4211 184:2105 11:9366 # .4286 187-5000 12-1498 #3 4348 190.2174 12:3259 1, 4375 191:4063 12:4029 3 0 11-406 * | 400 192:5000 12:4738 ; iſ a 194-4444 12-3998 4500 1968150 12-1573 * || 4845 1988836 12.8862 # .4588 200.520s 12-9935 * .4615 2019231 13-0844 º, 4866 204-1666 13:2298 º, 4706 205-8824 13:3410 * | *ist 201:430s 1842st # 4762 208-3333 13:4998 * .4783 209-2391 || 13:5585 # 4800 210-0000 13-6078 sooo 21s-1500 || 14-114s 3 1 18- 750 * | 3200 221-5000 || 14-1418 469 PHARMACISTS POCKET-BOOK. TABLE FoR THE CoNvERsIoN oF AvoIRDUPOIs OUNCEs INTO GRAINs AND GRAMMES. Oz. Av. | Oz, Av. Grains, Grammes, ºr" gº # # 43 | 5217 | 228-2609 | 14 7911 } } | -5238 | 229-1666 | 14-8498 # # | 5263 | 230-2632 | 14-9208 º, | : 5294 | 231-6176 | 15 0086 º, | -5300 | 233-3333 | 15-1198 ,', | : 5385 | 235-5769 | 15-2651 # # | -5416 | 236-9792 | 15-3560 " | -5454 | 238-6363 | 15-4634 #à | '5500 | 240 6250 | 15-5922 # | 5555 | 243-0555 | 15-7497 # # | -5600 | 245 0000 | 15-8757 º, | · 5625 | 246-0938 | 15-9466 4 0 6 094 # # | -5652 | 247-2826 | 16-0237 4 | -5714 | 250 0000 | 16-1997 # # | -5789 | 253-2895 | 16-4129 ', | : 5833 | 255-2083 | 16-5372 #? | -5882 | 257-3529 | 16-6762 # # | -5369 | 258-522i | 16-7520 # | 6000 | 262-5000 | 17-0097 # # | 6087 | 266-3044 | 17:2562 l} | *6i11 | 267-36i1 17 ° 3247 ºs | -6154 | 269-2308 | 17-4459 # # | : 6190 | 270-8333 | 17-5497 # | *6250 | 273 4375 | 17 7185 4 1 13*438 470 PHARMACists' Pocket-book. TABLE For The CoNVERsion of Avoirdupois OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs—continued. Oz. Av. Oz. Av. Grains. Grammes. º wº #3 '6316 276-3158 17.9050 * | 6363 278-4001 | 18-0406 # 6400 280:0000 | 18. 1437 * | *6429 281:2500 | 18-2247 }} | .6471 283-0382 | 18-3438 33 6500 284-3750 | 18.4272 3; 6522 285-3261 18:4888 § '6666 291. 6666 | 18.8997 # -6800 297-5000 | 19.2777 33 | 68is 298.295i 19:3292 # '6842 299-3421 19:3971 *} | .6875 300-1813 | 19:4903 5 0 0 781 * | *6923 302.8846 19:6266 33 '6957 304:3478 19:7214 * | *7000 306:2500 | 19.8447 #3 • 7059 || 3:08.8235 20 - 01.14 # 7083 309-8958 20:0809 # 7143 312:5000 20-2497 # 7200 || 315:0000 | 20-4117 ** | 7222 || 315.97%2 20:4147 * | *272 318-iš18 20-61.78 # '7333 || 320.8333 20:7897 # '7368 322:3684 20.8891 * 7391 || 323:3696 20.9540 471 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. TABLE For THE CoNVEpsion of Avoirdupois OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs—continued. Oz. Av. Oz. Av. Grains. Grammes. * wº * 7500 328-1250 21:2622 5 1 8-125 }} | .7600 || 332:5000 21:54.57 * | *7619 || 333.3333 21:5996 # '7647 334-5588 21.6791 § '7692 || 336-5385 21:8073 4; '7727 338-068i 21:9065 in 17 | 340-2777 22-0496 3; 1826 342-3913 22:1866 łł 7857 343.7500 22:2747 * | '1895 345-3947 22:3812 * | *7916 || 346:3542 22:4434 * | 8000 || 350-0000 22:6796 # '8095 354-1666 22-94.96 # -8125 355.4688 23-0340 5 2 15-409 * | *šis 357.95:i5 23-1951 l; 8235 | 360:2941 23:3467 # '8261 361-4131 23:4192 # '8333 364-5833 23.6246 # 8400 367-5000 23-8136 ł; '8421 368:4211 23-8733 łł '8462 370-1923 || 23.9881 # 8500 371.8750 24,0971 ; .8571 375:0000 24.2996 * '8836 377 84.3 24.4837 4 PHARMAcists' Pocket-book. 72 TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION OF Avoirdupois OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs—continued. Oz. Av. Oz. Av. Grains. Grammes. * Yº: łł '8666 379-1666 24.5696 33 '8696 || 380-4348 24-6518 g '8750 382-8125 24.8058 6 1 2-813 33 '8800 385.0000 || 24.9416 # '8824 386-0294 || 25.0143 # '8888 388-8888 25-1996 # '8947 391.4474 25-3654 * '9000 || 393.7500 25.5146 * | 9048 || 395.8333 25-6496 * | *śj90 397.7272 25.7723 3, 9130 399-4565 25.8844 }} | .9166 |401-0416 || 25.9871 33 '9200 | 402:5000 26:0816 ł; '9231 |403'8462 26-1688 # 9286 406:2500 26-3246 # 9333 | 408-3333 26.4596 # '9375 410-1563 26-5777 6 2 10-156 # '9418 411.7647 26.6819 # '9444 || 413-1944 26.7746 }} | .9474 414-4737 26-8575 38 9500 || 415-6250 26-9321 3? '9524 || 416-6666 26.9996 3} | .9545 417-6136 27-0609 #3 '9565 418:4783 27 1170 473 PHARMACISTS' pocket-Book. TABLE For THE CoNVERsion of Avoirdupois OUNCES INTO GRAINS AND GRAMMEs—continued. Oz. Av. Oz. Av. Grains. Grammes. A º wº # '9583 419-270s. 27. 1683 #: • 9600 420 - 0000 27-2156 1 1-0 437 - 5 28-3495 0 7 0 17-5 1+ 1-25 546 - 875 35-4369 1 1 0. 6-8.75 1} 1-5 656-25 42-5243 1 2 2 16-25 1+ 1-75 765 - 625 49 - 6117 1 4 2 5' 625 2 2-0 875 - 0 56-6990 1 6 1 15-0 2+ 2-25 984-375 63-7864 2 0 1 4-375 2} 2-5 1093-75 70-8738 2 2 0 13-75 2+ 2.75 1203-125 77-961.2 2 4 0 3-125 3. 3-0 1312-5 85-0486 2 5 2 12-5 3+ 3:25 1421-875 92-1359 2 7 2 1-875 3} 3-5 1531-25 99-2233 3 1 1 11:25 3# 3-75 1640-625 106-3107 3 3 l O' 625 4 4 - 0 1750-0 113-3981 3 5 0 10-0 4+ 4-25 1859 - 375 | 120-4855 3 6 2 19-375 4} 4-5 1968-75 127 - 57:28 4 0 2 8-75 4+ 4-75 2078-125 134 - 6602 4 2 1 18-125 5 5-0 2187-5 141-7476 4 4 1 7-5 5+ 5-25 2296-875 148-83.50 4 6 0 16-87.5 54 5-5 2406-25 155, -92.24 5 0 0 6-25 5+ 5-75 2515 - 625 | 163- 0.097 5 1 2 15-625 6 6-0 26.25-0 170-0971 5 3 2 5-0 6+ 6-25 27.34-375 177 - 1845 5 5 1 14-375 474 PHARMACIsTs' PocKET-BooK. TABLE FoR THE CoNvERsIoN oF AvoIRDUPoIs OUNCEs INTo GRAINs AND GRAMMEs—continued. Oz. Av. | Oz. Av. | Grains. Grammes. º gº † 6} 6 ° 5 2843 * 75 184 • 2719 5 7 1 3 75 6# 6 " 75 | 2953 • 125 191 ° 3593 6 1 0 13 " 125 7 7 - 0 3062* 5 198° 4466 6 3 0 2 * 5 7+ 7 ° 25 | 3171 - 875 | 205 • 5340 6 4 2 11*875 7} 7 - 5 3281 * 250 | 212* 6214 6 6 2 1* 25 7# 7 ° 75 | 3390 * 625 | 219 - 7088 7 0 1 10 * 625 - 8 8 ° 0 | 3500 " 0 226 - 7962 7 2 1 0 * 0 8} 8*25 | 3609-375 | 233-8835 7 4 0 9 * 375 8} 8 ° 5 3718 • 75 240-9709 7 5 2 18 " 75 8# 8 - 75 | 3828 * 125 | 248 ° 0583 . 7 7 2 8 * 125 9 9 • 0 3937 * 5 255 " 1457 8 1 1 17 ° 5 9+ 9*25 | 4046° 875 | 262-2331 8 3 1 6 * 875 9} 9 ° 5 4156 * 250 | 269 * 3204 8 5 0 16 " 25 9# 9 " 75 | 4265 - 625 | 276 - 4078 8 7 0 5 * 625 10 10 ° 0 4375 * 0 283 ° 4952 9 0 2 15 " 0 10+ 10 ° 25 | 4484 * 375 | 290 * 5826 9 2 2 4 ° 375 10} 10° 5 4593 - 75 297 • 6700 9 4 1 13° 75 10# 10 - 75 | 4703 • 125 | 304 • 7573 9 6 1 3 * 125 11 11 ° 0 4812° 5 311 * 8447 10 0 0 12*5 11} 11 ° 25 | 4921° 875 | 318° 9321 l0 2 0 1'875 11} 11 ° 5 5031*25 326 ° 0195 10 3 2 11*25 114 11 • 75 | 5l40° 625 | 333 · 1069 10 5 2 0° 625 12 12" 0 5250 " 0 340 * 1942 10 7 1 10 * 0 12+ | 12:25 | 5359'375 | 347-2816 ll 1 0 19 ° 375 475 PHARMACIsTs POCKET-BooK. TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION OF AVOIRDUPOIS OUNCEs INTO GRAINs AND GRAMMEs—continued. Oz. Av. 12} 124 13 13} 13} 13# 14 14 } 14} 14# 15 15} 15} 15# 16 16+ 16} 16# 17 17+ 17 ! 17# 18+ | Oz. Av. 12 ° 5 12• 75 13 ° ) 13 - 25 13 ° 5 13 - 75 14 ° 0 14-25 14 ° 5 14° 75 15 * 0 15 - 25 15 ° 5 15 - 75 16 * 0 16 ° 25 16 ° 5 16 - 75 17 - 0 17 • 25 17 - 5 17• 75 18 • 0 18-25 Grains. 5468 - 75 5578* 125 5687 - 5 | 5796 " 875 5906 * 2.5 6015 " 625 6125 * 0 6234-375 6343 - 75 6453 * 125 6562 - 5 6671 - 875 6781-25 6890 * 625 7090 - 0 7109-375 7218 - 75 7328 - 125 7437 - 5 7546 - 875 7656-25 7765 - 625 7875 0 7984 " 375 Grammes. ºg 5 thecaries' Weight. grains. 354 ° 3690 11 3 0 8 " 75 361 ° 4564 11 4 2 18* 125 368 ° 5438 11 6 2 7 " 5 375 * 6311 12 0 1 16 " 875 382 7185 12 2 1 6 * 25 389 - 8059 12 4 0 15 ° 625 396 - 8933 12 6 0 5 " 0 403 - 9807 12 7 2 14-375 411 ° 0680 13 1 2 3 " 75 418 * 1554 13 3 1 13 " 125 425 ° 2428 13 5 1 2 * 5 432 " 3302 13 7 0 11*875 439 ° 4176 14 1 0 1*25 446 ° 5949 14 2 2 10° 625 453 ° 5923 14 4 2 0* 0 460 - 6797 14 6 1 9 * 375 467 * 7671 15 0 0 18 • 75 474 * 8545 15 2 0 8 * 125 481-9418 15 3 2 17 ° 5 489 - 0292 15 5 2 6 ° 875 496 " 1166 15 7 1 16 " 25 503 " 2040 16 1 1 5* 625 510 " 2914 16 3 0 15 " 0 517 • 3787 16 5 0 4 * 375 476 PHARMACISTs POCKET-BOOK. TABLE FoR THE CoNvERsIoN oF AvoIRDUPOIs OUNCES INTO GRAINs AND GRAMMEs—continued. Oz. Av. | Oz, Av. Grains. Grammes. •g -# † 18} | 18-5 | 8093-75 | 524-4661 | 16 6 2 13-75 18# | 18 " 75 | 8203- 125 | 531 - 5535 | 17 0 2 3° 125 19 | 19-0 | 8312-5 538 • 6409 | 17 2 1 12° 5 19} | 19'25 | 8421 - 875 | 545* 7283 | 17 4 1 1 875 19} | 19 " 5 | 853 l • 25 | 552° 8156 | 17 6 0 11*25 19# | 19 " 75 | 8640 - 625 | 559 " 9030 | 18 0 0 0 625 20 | 20 ° 0 | 8750 • 0 566 * 9904 | 18 1 2 10 " 0 20} | 20-25 | 8859-375 | 574 " 0778 | 18 3 l 19 " 375 20} | 20 ° 5 | 8968-75 | 581 " 1652 | 18 5 1 8° 75 203 | 20-75 | 9078 - 125 | 588-2525 | 18 7 0 18 125 21 21 ° 0 | 9187 ° 5 595 * 3399 19 l 0 7-5 2l } | 21-25 | 9296° 875 | 602*4273 | 19 2 2 16'875 21 } | 21 ° 5 | 9406-25 | 609 - 5J47 | 19 4 2 6'25 21# | 21 75 | 9515 - 625 | 616-6021 | 19 6 1 15 625 22 | 22 ° 0 | 9625 * 0 623 - 6894 | 20 0 1 5 * 0 223 | 22-25 | 9734-375 | 630 - 7768 | 20 2 0 14° 375 22} | 22-5 | 9843-75 637 * 8642 20 4 0 3 " 75 22 | 22 75 | ºº53 125 | ººº5i6 | 2 5 2 13 125 23 | 23-0 10062 5 | 652-0390 | 20 7 2 2 5 233 | 23-25 | 10171 875 | 659 - 1263 | 21 l l ll "875 233 | 23-5 li02s1:25 | 666-2137 | 2 3 1 1:25 233 | 23-75 lio390 625 | 673-3oi1 | 21 5 0 10 625 24 | 21 o ho500-0 | 6so-ass5 | 21 1 o oºo 244 | 21:25 10609-375 | 687-4759 | 22 0 2 9 375 477 PHARMACISTs POCKET-BooK. TABLE FOR THE CoNvERsIoN oF AvoIRDUPOIs OUNCEs INTO GRAINs AND GRAMMEs—continued. Oz, Av. | Oz. Av. Grains. Grammes. A " , † 24} 24 ° 5 10718 75 | 694-5632 22 2 1 18° 75 24# 24 * 75 | 10828 * 125| 701 • 6506 22 4 1 8* 125 25 25 " 0 l0937 " 5 708 - 7380 22 6 0 17 ° 5 25} 25 - 25 | 11046 ° 875| 715 * 8254 23 0 0 6*875 25} 25 * 50 | 11156 ° 25 | 722* 9128 23 l 2 l6 - 25 25# 25 * 75 | 11265 - 625| 730 * 0001 23 3 2 5 * 625 26 26 " 0 11375 * 0 737 - 0875 23 5 1 15 " 0 26} 26 ° 25 | 11484-375| 744 - 1749 23 7 1 4"375 26} 26 ° 50 | 11593° 75 | 751 - 2623 24 l 0 13* 75 26# 26 " 75 | 11703 • 125| 758 * 3497 24 3 0 3 * 125 27 27 • 0 11812 " 5 765 * 4370 24 4 2 12* 5 27} 27 ° 25 | 11921-875| 772 5244 24 6 2 1 875 27 } 27 - 5 12031-25 | 779 * 6118 25 0 1 11 * 25 27# 27 - 75 | 12140 - 625| 786 6992 25 2 1 0 * 625 28 28 • 0 12250 * 0 793 * 7866 25 4 0 10* 0 28} 28 - 25 | 12359 - 375| 800 * 8739 25 5 2 19 ° 375 28} 28 - 5 12168 " 75 | 807 · 9613 25 7 2 8 - 75 284 28-75 | 12578° 125| 815• 0487 26 1 1 18* 125 29 29 - 0 12687 * 5 822 * 1361 26 3 1 7 ° 5 29+ 29 ° 25 | 12796 - 875| 829 2235 26 5 0 16*875 29} 29 - 5 12906 -25 | 836 - 3108 26 7 0 6-25 29# 29 " 75 | 13015 - 625| 843 * 3982 27 0 2 15 625 30 30 " 0 13125 " 0 850 * 4856 27 2 2 5 * 0 30+ 30 -25 | 13234 " 375| 857 * 5730 27 4 1 14'375 478 PHARMACISTs POCKET-BooK. TABLE FOR THE CoNvERsIoN oF AvoIRDUPOIs OUNCES INTO GRAINs AND GRAMMEs—continued. Oz. Av. | Oz. Av. | Grains. Grammes. º， # 304 | 30° 5 13343* 75 | 864 - 6604 27 6 l 3 * 75 303 | 30 75 | 13453 " 125| 871 7477 28 0 0 13 " 125 31 31 " 0 13562 * 5 878 - 8351 28 2 0 2 5 31 + | 31-25 | 13671* 875 885-9225 28 3 2 ll "875 3l } | 31°5 1378l° 25 | 893 ° 0099 28 5 2 1 "25 31i | 31 75 | 13890 625 900 0973 28 7 1 10 * 625 32 32 - 0 14000 " 0 907 · 1846 29 l l 0 " 0 323 | 32° 25 | 14109-375| 914 2720 29 3 0 9 * 375 323 | 32° 5 14218 " 75 | 921 * 3594 29 4 2 18 " 75 32i | 32* 75 | 14328* 125| 928 - 4468 29 6 2 8 * 125 33 33 " 0 14437 " 5 935 " 5342 30 0 1 17 " 5 333 | 33'25 | 14546° 875| 942* 6215 30 2 1 6 * 875 33} | 33° 5 14656-25 | 949 - 7089 30 4 0 16"25 334 | 33 " 75 | 14765 - 625| 956 7963 30 6 0 5 " 625 34 34 ° 0 14875 * 0 963 " 8837 30 7 2 15 " 0 343 | 34-25 | 14984 - 375| 970-9711 31 1 2 4 * 375 34 } | 34° 5 15093 " 75 | 978 - 0584 3 1 3 1 13° 75 34# | 34-75 | 15203° 125 985° 1458 31 5 1 3* 125 35 35 ° 0 15312* 5 992-2332 31 7 0 12° 5 35+ | 35° 25 | 15421 " 875 999* 3206 32 1 0 1 " 875 35} | 35 5 15531-25 | 1006 * 4080 32 2 2 11*25 35i | 35 75 | 15640 625 1013-4953 32 4 2 0° 625 36 36 ° 0 15750 ° 0 | 1020° 5827 32 6 1 10 " 0 479 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. TABLE FOR THE CoNVERSION of APOTHECARIES (TRoy) OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs. (G.M.J.) Oz. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Avoirdupois Troy. Grains. tº 0010 || 0:48 • 0311 •48 ##5 • 00:20 || 0-96 - 0622 •96 ała • 0.025 || 1 - 20 • 0.778 1-20 tº ‘0030 || 1:44 • 0.933 1-44 #5 •0040 || 1 - 92 • 1244 1-92 *** • 00:50 || 2:40 • 1555 2-40 ##5 •0060 2-88 • 1866 2-88 rººm | 0070 || 3:36 •2177 3-36 ała •0075 || 3 - 60 • 2333 3 : 60 # • 00-0 || 3-84 •2488 3-84 rººm | |0090 || 4:32 • 2799 4-32 Tºa • 0100 || 4 - 8 • 3110 4'8 *; • 0200 || 9 - 6 • 6221 9-6 *; • 0.250 | 12 - 0 • 7776 12-0 135 • 0300 || 14-4 • 9331 14 4 * • 0400 19 - 2 1-2441 19-2 * 0.416 20 - 0 1- 2960 20-0 * - 0.435 | 20 - 87 1 - 3523 20-87 * -0154 21.818 1-4138 21.818 *r • 0476 22-857 1-4811 22-857 * • 0500 24 - 0 1-5552 24 - 0 i’s • 0526 25-263 1: 6370 25-263 * -0555 26-667 1-7:280 26-667 * •0588 28-235 1.8296 ºr 0-891 480 PHARMACists' pocket-Book. TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION OF APOTHECARIES (TRoy) OUNCEs INTo GRAiNS AND GRAMMES- continued. *. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. * i’s *0625 || 30-0 1-9440 || || 2: 656 *: '0666 32-0 2:0736 || || 4-656 * '0714 || 34-286 2: 2217 | Pº 6:942 *s • 0769 36-923 2:3926 tº 9:579 *: * 0800 38-4 2-4883 tº 11.056 i’s '0833 40-0 2-5920 a 12-656 * - 08.70 || 41-739 2:7047 ºr 14.395 * -0309 || 43-636 2.8276 ºr 16'292 *: • 0952 || 45 - 714 2.9622 ºr 18:370 * • 1000 || 48 - 0 3-1104 || || 20.656 *s • 1053 50-526 3.2741 ºr 23, 182 § ii.11 53.333 3:4559 ºn 25'989 * • 1176 56-471 3:6592 || | 1.783 # • 1200 57-6 3-7.324 # 2.912 * • 1250 60-0 3. 8879 + 5°312 *s • 1304 || 62-609 4.0570 || || 7'921 * 1333 64:0 4° 1471 * 9-312 * '1363 65:455 4- 2414 * 10.767 # • 1429 | 68-57.1 4 * 4434 + 13-883 *; • 1500 72-0 4' 6655 || || 17-312 * • 1538 73-846 4-7852 * 19-158 * • 1579 || 75-789 4-9111 * 21-101 *: -1600 76-8 4-9766 22-112 } • 1666 80-0 5-1839 + 24-312 481 PHARMACISTS' PoCKET-BOOK. TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION OF APOTHECARIES (TROY) OUNCEs INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMES- continued. 1%. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. * | '1739 83°478 5:4093 ºr 1'447 * 1765 | 84*706 5.4889 ºr 2.675 * | *is 18 87.273 5-6552 | ". 5'242 * | * 1875 90.0 5.8319 | *, 7'969 * - 1905 91 - 429 5-9245 ºr 9'398 # • 2000 || 96-0 6-2207 ºr 13-969 * | 2083 100-0 6 - 4799 | 17-969 * | *2105 || 101-053 6'5481 tº 19:022 * | *2143 102.857 | 6’ 6650 | *, 20-826 * | *2174 || 104:348 6-7616 ºr 22.317 3 -2222 106-667 6'9119 ºn 24'636 * .2272 109-091 7-0690 | *, 27-060 i’s • 2308 || 110-769 7-1777 + 1-394 * | *2353 112-941 7-3.185 + 3:566 * | * 2381 114-286 7 * 4056 + 4'911 *: *2400 115 - 2 7 * 4648 + 5-825 + • 2500 | 120-0 - 7 - 77.59 + 10-625 * 2609 | 125-217 8 * 1140 + 15-842 * | *2632 126-316 8-1851 + 16'941 * | *2666 128-0 8-2943 # 18:625 * | 2727 | 130-909 8’4828 + 21:534 * •2777 133.333 8-6399 # 23.958 # 2800 134-4 8-1090 | # 25.025 # • 2857 || 137-143 8-8867 + 27-768 º 2 I 482 PHARMACISTs' Pocket-book. TABLE For THE CoN version of Apothecaries (TROY) OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. *. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes Oz. Aºi. * | 2013 || 140-0 || 3:0719 30-625 * ‘2941 141-176 9: 1481 + 31.801 *; • 3000 || 144 - 0 9-33.11 + 34.625 *'s • 3043 146 - 087 9-4663 + 36: 712 * - 3077 147 - 692 9 - 57.03 + 38.317 # • 3125 150 - 0 9 - 7 198 # 40' 625 * • 3158 151-579 9 : Sºzz + 42.204 a's '3iš: 152.727 9-8966 # 43°352 *: • 3200 153-6 9 -95.31 # 44 ° 225 § '3333 160-0 10 - 3678 # 50' 6'-5 * • 3478 166-956 10 - 8.186 # 57-581 #5 • 3500 168 - 0 10-8862 + 58' 625 * • 3529 169 - 412 10-9777 + 60' 037 *: • 35.71 171-429 11 - 1084 # 62' 054 *: • 3600 172-8 11 - 1973 + 63-425 *; -3636 174.545 11:3104 # 65 - 170 *s • 3684 176 - 842 11-4592 # 67 .467 * • 3750 180-0 11.6638 + 70'625 # -3810 182-857 11 - 8.490 + 73-482 *s • 3846 184 - 615 11-96.29 + 73°240 *s •3888 186-667 12:0958 + 77.292 * •3913 187-826 12' 1709 + 78° 451 # •4000 192-0 12' 4414 + 82-625 *; •4090 196'364 | 12:7242 # 86'989 483 PHARMACISTs' Pocket-Book. TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION of APOTHECARIE8 (TRoy) OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. *. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. *r - 4118 197 647 12-8073 + 88. 272 1. '4166 200-0 12-959s # 90-625 * • 4211 202-105 || 13° 0962 + 92-730 # • 4286 205 - 714 || 13° 3301 + 96.339 #3 • 4348 208 - 696 || 13-5233 + 99-321 * • 4375 210 - 0 13 - 6078 + 100-625 #} *4400 211 - 2 13-6855 + 101: 825 # '4444 213.333 13.8238 + 103-958 *; • 4500 || 2:16:00 13.9966 + 106.625 Hºr -4545 218, 182 14:1380 + 108-807 # '4583 220-0 14 - 2558 # 1' 250 *s • 4615 221-538 14' 3555 + 2*788 # • 4666 224.0 14 - 5150 # 5:250 * • 4706 225'882 14 - 6369 # 7 - 132 *; • 4737 227 - 368 || 14-7332 # 8-618 #} • 47.62 228 - 571 || 14-8112 # 9 - 821 #} • 4783 229° 565 14-87.56 # 10 '815 #: • 4800 230-4 14-9297 + 11.650 * • 5000 240 - 0 15 - 55.17 # 21:250 *: - 5200 249 6 16 - 1738 * 30-850 }: - 5217 250-435 | 16-2279 + 31-685 #} • 5238 251-429 16-2923 + 32' 679 }} • 5263 252-632 16-3703 + 33:882 * * 5294 254 - 118 16-4666 + 35-368 2 I 2 484 PharMAcists' Pocket-Book. TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION of Apothecaries (TRoy) OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. *;. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. * *: •5333 256-0 16° 5885 + 37'250 Ys • 5385 258° 462 16-7480 + 39:712 # '5416 260-0 16-8477 # 41' 250 * | *śiñ4 || 261.818 16:9655 # 43.06s ## 5500 264-0 || 17-1069 # 45:250 § •5555 266-667 || 17-2797 # 47 '917 # -5600 288’s 17:41so 50-030 *; • 5625 270-0 17-4957 + 51' 250 łł '5652 271.304 || 17-5802 # 52-554 # • 57.14 274.286 17-7734 # 55-536 łł 5789 277-895 18:0073 # 59'145 Y, '5833 280-0 18- 1437 | # 61:250 }} '5882 282-353 | 18-2962 | # 63- 603 # '5909 || 283-636 | 18.3793 # 64-886 # • 6000 || 288-0 18- 6621 * 69-250 # • 6087 292-174 18'9326 # 73-424 }} •6ill 293.333 19:0077 + 74°583 *s •6154 295.385 19-1406 | }. 76' 635 # • 6190 297 - 143 19-2545 # 78-393 # • 6250 300-0 19-4397 # 81:250 #3 -6316 303-15s 19:6443 84.40s Fºr '6363 305:455 19:7931 # 86-705 * • 6400 307-2 19'9062 # 88°450 *: •6429 308'571 || 19.9951 | }. 89-821 485 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION of APOTHECARIES (TROY) OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. º, Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. #} | .6471 || 310.588 20:1258 + 91-838 #3 6500 312-0 20-217.3 # 93-250 # 6522 313 043 20°2849 + 94.293 # • 6666 320-0 20-7.357 # 101 - 250 # 6809 || 326’4 21 - 1504 # 107.650 # | 6818 327.273 21-2069 + 108.523 # '6842 328:421 21:2813 # 0.296 }} | .6875 330-0 21-3837 # 1'875 * | *6923 || 332' 308 21:5332 # 4-183 4; '6957 || 333.913 21-6372 # 5 - 788 * | *7000 || 336:0 21-7725 + 7.875 # '7059 || 338.823 21.9554 # 10-698 34 '7083 || 340:0 22° 0.316 + 11.875 # • 7143 || 342-857 22° 2168 # 14-732 # 7200 345-6 22-39.45 # 17:475 # .7222 || 346'667 22:4636 # 18-542 * | 7372 349 091 22-6207 # 20-966 # '7333 || 352-0 22-8092 # 23-875 łł '7368 || 353-684 22.91.84 # 25-559 34 '7391 || 354,783 22.9895 # 26.658 # • 7500 || 360-0 23-3276 + 31.875 # 7600 364-8 23-638.7 + 36-675 3? '7619 || 365: 714 23:6979 + 37'589 # '7647 367.059 23°7850 # 38'934 486 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. TABLE FOR THE CoN version of Arothecaries (TROY) OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs– continued. *. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. +g '7692 || 369.231 23.9258 # 41° 106 # '7727 370-909 24-0345 # 42.784 # in 17 | 373.333 24-1916 # 45-208 33 '7826 375.652 24-3419 # 47.527 #3 7857 377: 143 24'4385 # 49' 018 }} | 7895 378-947 24-5554 # 50-822 # '7916 380-0 24' 6236 # 51:875 : • 8000 || 384 - 0 24: 8823 # 55: 875 # '8095 || 388-571 25, 1790 # 60-446 }} | 8125 390-0 25 - 2716 # 61.875 * | *šis1 392.727 25.4483 # 64' 602 # '8235 | 395.294 || 25.6146 # 67 - 169 # '8261 396-522 25-6942 # 68.397 # '8333 400-0 25 - 91.96 # 71-875 # | 8400 403.2 26 - 1269 # 75-075 # '8421 404:210 26, 1924 # 76° 085 * | 8462 406-154 26-31.83 # 78' 029 # 8500 | 408-0 26-4380 # 79.875 # *8571 411-429 26' 6601 # 83°304 # '8836 414.545 26.8621 # 86°420 }} | .8666 || 416.0 26-9564 # 87-875 #3 '8696 || 417:391 || 27.0465 # 89.266 # '8750 420-0 27-2156 # 91.875 33 '8800 422.4 27- 37.11 # 94-275 487 PHARMACISTs' Pocket-Book. TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION of A POTHECARIES (TRoy) OUNCEs INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. *;. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. }} | . 8824 423: 529 27:4443 # 95-404 § ‘8888 426-667 27:6476 # 98-542 # '8947 429:474 27-8294 + 101-349 * '9000 432.0 27 - 9932 # 103-875 4; '9048 434.286 28-1413 # 106-161 * | *šū90 436.364 28-2759 # 103-239 3} | . 9130 438-261 28:3988 1 0-761 # '9166 440-0 28' 5115 1 2-500 # 9200 441-6 28 - 6152 1 4 * 100 #3 '9231 443.077 28-7.109 1. 5-577 }} | .92s6 445-711 28:8818 1 8-211 #: -9333 448.0 29' 0299 1 10-500 # '9375 450-0 29 - 1595 1 12-500 # '9418 451.765 29:2739 1 14-265 }} | .9144 453-333 29-3755 1 15-8.33 *} | .9474 454.737 29:4665 1 17:237 # 9500 456-0 29' 5483 1 18-500 gº '9524 457: 143 29.6224 1 19- 643 #3 '9545 458-182 29-6897 1 25 - 500 33 '9565 459:130 29.7512 1 21-630 # •9583 460-0 29 - 80.75 1 22-500 34 '9600 460-8 29 - 8594 1 23-300 1. 1-0 480 31 - 1035 1 42-5 * 1.125 || 510 34-9914 1 102-5 488 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-Book. TABLE FOR THE CoNVERSION of APOTHECARIES (TRoy) OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. º, Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. 1+ 1-25 600 38-8794 1+ 53° 125 13 1' 375 660 42-76.73 1+ 3-75 1+ 1-5 720 46’ 6552 1+ 63-75 13 1-625 780 50-5432 1+ 14-375 1+ 1' 75 840 54 - 4311 l; 74° 375 14 1-875 900 58-3191 2 25 - 0 2 2 : 0 960 62-2070 2 85 - 0 2} 2-125 1020 66' 0949 2+ 35' 625 2+ 2-25 1080 69 -98.29 2+ 95.625 2#. 2-375 1140 73-8708 2+ 46-25 2} 2-5 1200 77-7587 2} 106.25 2: 2' 625 1260 81 - 64.67 2+ 56'875 24 2.75 1320 85-5346 || 3 7-5 23. 2-875 1380 89-4226 3 67-5 3. 3-0 1440 93.3105 3+ 18-125 3} 3-125 1500 97 - 1984 3+ 78-125 3+ 3-25 1560 101 - 0864 3+ 28.75 3+ 3.375 1620 104-97.43 3} 88.75 3+ 3-5 1680 108-8622 3+ 39-375 3# 3-625 1740 112-7502 3+ 99.375 3+ 3-75 1800 116-6381 4 50-0 3# 3 8.75 1860 120°5261 4+ 0.625 4 4-0 1920 124-4140 4+ 60-625 4+ 4-125 1980 128-3019 4+ 11:25 489 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. TABLE FoR THE CONVERSION OF APOTHECARIES (TRoy) OUNCEs INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. *. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. 4+ 4-25 2040 132-1899 4} 71 ° 25 4} 4 - 375 2100 136-0.778 4+ 21-875 4} 4-5 2160 139 - 9657 4+ 81-875 4: 4' 625 2220 143-8537 5 32-5 4+ 4-75 2280 147 - 7416 5 92-5 4; 4-875 2340 151 - 6296 54 43-125 5 5 - 0 2400 155-51.75 5+ 103-125 5} 5-125 2460 159'4054 5} 53-75 5+ 5' 25 2520 163-2934 5+ 4-375 5? 5 : 375 2580 167 - 1813 5+ 64-375 5} 5 : 5 2640 171 - 0692 6 15-0 53 5 - 625 2700 174: 9572 6 75-0 5+ 5-75 2760 178 - 8451 6+ 25-625 53. 5-875 2820 182-7330 6+ 85-625 t; 6-0 2880 186' 6210 6} 36-25 6# 6-125 2940 190 - 5089 6} 96-25 6+ 6-25 3000 194-3969 6+ 46-875 6# 6-375 3060 198-2848 64 106-875 6+ 6-5 3.120 202-1727 7 57-5 6# 6-625 3.180 206-0607 7+ 8-125 6+ 6-75 3240 209-94.86 7+ 68-125 6; 6-875 3300 213-8365 7+ 18-75 7 7-0 3360 217-7245 7+ 78-75 74 7-125 3420 221-6124 7+ 29-375 490 Phi ARMACists' Pocket-Book. TABLE For: THE CoNVERsion of Apothecaries (TRoy) OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. *. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. 7+ 7-25 3480 225-5004 73 89 - 375 73 7- 375 3540 229 - 3883 8 40 - 0 7+ 7-5 3600 233° 27.62 8 100 - 0 73 7- 625 3660 237 - 1642 8+ 50" 625 73 7 - 75 3.720 241 - 05:21 } 1 - 25 7; 7-875 37.80 244 - 9400 8+ 61 - 25 8 8-0 3840 248' 8280 8+ 11 : 875 84 8-125 3900 252-7159 84 71 - 875 8+ 8'25 3960 256' 6039 9 22-5 83 8 - 375 4020 260 - 4918 9 82°5 8+ 8 - 5 4080 264-3797 9+ 33-125 8: 8 : 625 4140 268-2677 9+ 93-125 8+ 8 - 75 4200 272 - 1556 9+ 43-75 8; 8' 875 4260 27.6° 0435 93. 103-75 9 9 - 0 4320 279 - 9315 9+ 54 - 375 9; 9-125 43.80 283-819.4 10 5 - 0 9+ 9 - 25 4440 287 - 7074 10 65 - 0 9: 9 - 375 4500 29.1° 5953 10+ 15' 625 9: 9 - 5 4560 295-4832 10+ 75 625 98. 9 625 4620 299-3712 10+ 26-25 93. 9.75 4680 303-2591 10} 86°25 9; 9 : 875 4740 307 - 1470 10+ 36-87.5 10 10 : 000 4800 311'0350 10+ 96.875 10; 10-125 4860 3.14 '9229 11 47-5 491 PHARMACISTs' pocket-Book. TABLE For THE CoNVERSION of A PothecariEs (TRoy) OUNCEs INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— cºntinued. *. Oz. Troy. grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. 10+ 10 - 25 4920 318: 8109 11 107 - 5 10; 10 - 375 4980 322 - 6988 11+ 58-125 10} | 10-5 5040 326. 5867 1. * 8-75 103 10' 625 5100 330-4747 11 # 68.75 10+ | 10-75 5,160 334-3626 11+ 19.375 10g 10-875 5220 338 - 2505 11+ 79.375 11 11 - 0 5280 342. 1385 12 30 - 0 11; 11-125 5340 346 - 0.264 12 90- 0 11+ 11:25 5400 349. 9143 12+ 40-625 113 11' 375 54.60 353 - 8023 12+ 100' 625 11+ 11 : 5 55.20 357 - 6902 12+ 51-25 113 11 * 625 5580 361-5782 12+ 1-875 11+ 11' 75 5640 365 - 4661 12+ 61.875 11; 11-875 5700 369-3540 13 12-5 12 12-0 57.60 373-2420 13 72-5 12; 12' 125 5820 377 - 1299 13+ 23-125 12+ 12-25 5880 381 - 01.78 13+ 83-125 123 || 12:375 5940 384-90.58 134 33-75 12} | 12:5 6000 388-79.37 13+ 93-75 123 12' 625 6060 392 - 6817 13+ 44-375 12+ 12-75 6120 396-5696 13+ 104.375 123 12:875 6180 400-4575 14 55 - 0 13 13-0 6240 404-3455 14+ 5-625 13; 13-125 6300 408-2334 14+ 65' 625 492 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. TABLE For THE Conversion of APOTHECARIES (TROY) OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. *. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºº 13+ 13:25 6360 412-1213 || 14+ 16-25 133 || 13:375 6420 416-0093 || 14+ 76.25 13+ 13.5 6,180 419 - 8972 || 14+ 26'875 23# 13. 625 6540 423: 7852 14+ 86-875 13+ 13-75 6600 427 6731 15 37-5 13; 13.875 6660 431-5610 || 15 97-5 14 || 14-0 6720 435-4490 15+ 48-125 14+ | 14-125 6780 439 - 3369 15+ 108-125 14+ || 14-25 6840 443-2248 15+ 58-75 143 || 14-375 6900 447 - 1128 15+ 9-375 14+ 14' 5 6960 451 - 0007 15+ 69 - 375 143 || 14-625 7020 454'8887 16 20-0 14+ | 14-75 7080 458-7766 16 80-0 14; 14'875 7140 462 - 6645 16+ 30-625 15 15 - 0 7200 466 - 5525 16+ 90-625 15; 15° 125 7260 470-4404 164 41.25 15+ 15:25 7320 474.3283 || 16} 101-25 153 15.375 7380 478-2163 16+ 51-875 154 15-5 7440 482. 1042 || 17 2-5 153 15' 625 7500 485-9922 17 62-5 15+ | 15.75 7560 489 -8801 17+ 13-125 15; 15'875 7620 493 - 7680 17+ 73-125 16 || 16-0 7680 497 : 6560 17+ 23-75 16} | 16° 125 7740 501-5439 17+ 83-75 493 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-BOOK. TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION OF APOTHECARIES (TRoy) OUNCEs INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs-- continued. *. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. 16+ 16:25 7800 505-4318 17+ 34-375 16: 16 - 375 7860 509-31.98 17+ 94-375 16} | 16.5 7920 513-207 7 18 45-0 16# 16' 625 7.980 517 - 0956 18 105-0 16# 16" 75 8040 520 '9836 18+ 55-625 16; 16-875 8100 524-8715 18} 6.25 17 17 - 0 8160 528 - 75.95 18+ 66-25 17+ 17 - 125 8220 532’6474 18+ 16-875 17+ 17:25 8280 536 - 5353 18+ 76-87.5 173 17 - 375 8340 540-4233 19 27-5 17+ 17 - 5 8400 544-3112 19 87-5 173 17- 625 8460 548 - 1991 19+ 38-125 17+ 17.75 8520 552-0871 19+ 98-125 17; 17 - 875 8580 555 - 9750 19: 48-75 18 18 - 0 8640 559-86.30 194 108-75 184 18° 125 8700 563-7509 194 59-375 18+ | 18-25 87.60 567-6388 20 10-0 183 | 18-375 8820 571-5268 20 70- 0 18+ 18-5 88.80 575-4147 20+ 20-625 18; 18.625 89.40 579-3026 20+ 80-625 18+ | 18.75 9000 583-1906 20+ 31-25 18; 18.875 9060 587-0785 20+ 91-25 19 19-0 9120 590-9665 20+ 41-875 19, 19:125 9180 594-8544 204 101.875 494 PHARMACists' POCKET-book. TABLE For THE CoNVERSION of Apothecaries (TRoy) OUNCEs INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. *. Oz. Troy Grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. 19+ 19 - 25 9,240 598: 7423 21 52'5 19, 19875 9,300 602-6303 21+ 3-125 194 19 - 5 9,360 606:5182 21+ 63-125 193 19' 625 9,420 610-4061 21+ 13-75 193 || 19.75 9,480 614:2941 21+ 73-75 19; 19 - 875 9,540 618-1820 21+ 24-375 20 20 - 0 9,600 622:07.00 21+ 84.375 20* | 20-125 9,660 625'9579 22 35' 0 204 20-25 9,720 629-8458 22 95.0 20; 20-375 9,780 633-7.338 22+ 45.625 20% 20:5 9,840 637' 6217 22+ 105.625 208 20-625 9,900 641'5096 22} 56.25 20+ 20-75 9,960 645-3976 22+ 6.875 20; 20-875 10,020 649.2855 22# 66.875 21 21-0 10,080 653-1735 || 23 17.5 21, 21° 125 10,140 657.0614 || 23 77.5 21+ 21:25 10,200 | 660-9193 23+ 28-125 21; 21:375 10,260 | 664'8373 23+ 88° 125 21+ 21:5 10,320 | 668. 7252 23# 38.75 213 21:625 10,380 672.6131 23# 98.75 213 21.75 10,440 676'5011 || 23# 49-375 21g 21.875 10,500 | 680-3890 24 0-0 22 22:0 10,560 684-2769 24 60-0 224 22:125 10,620 | 688-1649 24+ 10" 625 495 PHARMACISTS' Pocket-Book. TABLE FOR THE CoNVERSION of APOTHECARIES (TRoy) OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. *. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Or, Aºi. 22+ 22-25 10,680 692-0528 24+ 70.625 22; 22.375 10,740 695 - 94.08 24+ 21:25 22+ 22-5 10,800 699 - 8287 24+ 81-25 223 22-625 10,860 703: 7166 24; 31.875 223 22*75 10,920 707. 6046 24+ 91.875 22; 22:875 10,980 711 - 4925 25 42-5 23 23:0 11,040 715 - 3804 25 102-5 234 23-125 11, 100 719-2684 25t 53° 125 23+ 23:25 11, 160 723-1563 25 H 3-75 233 23:375 11,220 727-0443 25: 63-75 23+ 23-5 11,280 730-9322 25+ 14-375 23# 23.625 11,340 734-820.1 25+ 74° 375 23+ 23-75 11,400 738: 7081 26 25- 0 23; 23-875 11,460 742. 5960 26 85- 0 24 24-0 11,520 746-4839 26H 35' 625 24+ 24-125 11,580 750-3719 26; 95.625 24+ 24-25 11,640 754-2598 26+ 46-25 243 24-375 11,700 758 - 1478 26+ 106-25 24+ 24' 5 11,760 7.62- 0.357 26+ 56'875 243 24' 625 11,820 765-9236 27 7-5 24+ 24-750 11,880 769-8116 27 67-5 244 - 24'875 11,940 773-6995 27+ 18-125 25 25-0 12,000 777-5874 27+ 78-125 25+ 25-125 12,060 781-4754 27+ 28-75 496 PHARMACIST's POCKET-Book. TABLE For THE Conversion of APOTHECARIEs (TRoy) OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs– continued. #. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. 25+ 25-25 12, 120 785.3633 27+ 88.75 25; 25.375 12, 180 789-2513 27# 39-375 25+ 25-5 12,240 793-1392 27# 99.375 253 25.625 | 12,300 797-0271 28 50-0 25+ 25-75 12,360 800-9151 28+ 0.625 25g 25.875 12,420 804'8030 28+ 60' 625 26 26-0 12,480 l 808: 6909 28} 11:25 26; 26-125 12,540 812-5789 28} 71:25 26+ 26-25 12,600 816-4668 28+ 21-875 264 26-375 | 12,660 820'3548 28+ 81-875 26+ 26' 5 12,720 824-2427 29 32-5 263 26.625 | 12,780 828-1306 29 92-5 26+ 26.75 12,840 832' 0186 29# 43' 125 26; 26.875 12,900 835'9065 29# 103-125 27 27-0 12,960 839:7944 29} 53-75 27# 27-125 | 13,020 | 843-6824 29# 4-375 27+ 27:25 13,080 | 847-5703 29# 64-375 273 27.375 13,140 851'45.82 30 15-0 27+ 27-5 13,200 855-3462 30 75- 0 273 27.625 13,260 859-2341 30+ 25-625 27+ 27.75 13,320 863. 1221 30+ 85’ 625 27; 27.875 13,380 867' 0100 30+ 36-25 28 28-0 13,440 870-8979 30+ 96.25 284 28-125 13,500 874-7859 30+ 46.875 497 pHARMACISTS' PoCKET-Book. TABLE For THE CoNversion of Apothecaries (TRoy) OUNCEs INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. Avoirdupois Oz. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz. Grains. Troy. 28+ 28-25 13,560 878 6738 || 3 + 106-875 283 28-375 13,620 882.5617 || 31 57-5 28+ 28'5 13,680 886:4497 || 31+ 8-125 283 28.625 13,740 | 890:3376 31+ 68-125 28+ 28.75 13,800 894 - 2256 31} 18:75 28; 28.875 || 13,860 | 898-1135 | 31} 78.75 29 29' 0 13,920 | 902-0014 || 31+ 29-375 29; 29 125 | 13,980 905'8894 31+ 89-375 29+ 29:25 14,040 909.7773 32 40-0 293 29-375 14, 100 913.6652 32 100.0 294 29.5 14, 160 917. 5532 32+ 50-625 293 29.625 || 14,220 921'4411 || 32} 1:25 29; 29-75 14,280 925-3291 32+ 61:25 293 29.875 14,340 ( 929-2170 32 11-875 30 30-0 14,400 933-1049 32+ 71-875 30; 30-125 14,460 936-99.29 || 33 22:5 30+ || 30-25 14,520 940-8808 || 33 82°5 303 || 30-375 14,580 944-7687 33+ 33° 125 30+ | 30-5 14,640 948: 6567 33+ 93-125 308 || 30-625 || 14,700 952-5446 || 33+ 43-75 30+ | 30-75 14,760 956-4326 33+ 103-75 30g | 30-875 14,820 960-3205 || 33+ 54-375 31 31-0 14,880 964-2034 34 5-0 31+ 31-125 14,940 968-0964 34 65-0 2 K 498 PHARMACists' Pocket-book. TABLE For THE CoNversion of Apothecaries (TROY) OUNCES INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. #, oz. Troy. grains. Grammes. Oz. Aºi. 31+ 31-25 15,000 971.98.43 34+ 15 - 625 31? 31-375 15,060 975-87.22 34+ 7.5' 625 31+ 31-5 15, 120 979 - 7602 34+ 26-25 31: 31-625 15, 180 983-6481 34+ 86°25 31+ 31-75 15,240 987 - 5361 34; 36'875 31; 31-875 15,300 991-4240 34+ 96'875 32 32-0 15,360 995 - 3119 35 47-5 32; 32-125 15,420 999 - 1999 35 107 - 5 32+ 32-25 15,480 1003-0878 35+ 58° 125 323 32-375 15,540 1006-97.57 35+ 8-75 32} 32 5 15,600 1010-8637 35+ 68-75 32: 32-625 15,660 1014-7516 35; 19-375 32+ 32-75 15,720 1018: 6395 35; 79-375 32; 32-875 15,780 1022 - 5275 36 30-0 33 33-0 15,840 1026-4154 36 90-0 33} 33-125 15,900 1030-3034 36+ 40' 625 33+ 33-25 15,960 1034 - 1913 36+ 100" 625 334 33-375 16,020 1038 - 0.792 36+ 51-25 33+ 33-5 16,080 1041.9672 36+ 1-875 33: 33-625 16,140 1045- 8551 36+ 61-875 33+ 33-75 16,200 1049 - 7430 37 12-5 33; 33-875 16,260 1053-6310 37 72-5 34 34-0 16,320 1057-5189 37+ 23-125 34+ 34-125 16,380 1061-4069 37+ 83-125 499 PHARMACists' PockFT-BOOK. TABLE FOR THE CONVERSION OF APOTHECARIES (TRoy) OUNCEs INTo GRAINS AND GRAMMEs— continued. Oz. Troy. Grains. Grammes. Oz, Avoirdupois Oz. Troy. Grains. 34+ 34-25 16,440 1065.2948 || 374 33-75 34; 34-375 | 16,500 1069. 1827 | 37+ 93-75 34} | 34-5 16,560 1073-0707 || 374 44-375 343 34.625 16,620 1076'9586 27# 104-375 34+ | 34-75 16,680 1080-84.65 38 35' 0 344 || 34.875 | 16,740 1084'7345 || 384 5' 625 35 35-0 16,800 || 1088.6224 || 38+ 65' 625 35; 35° 125 | 16,860 1092. 5104 || 38+ 16-25 35+ 35-25 16,920 1096-3983 || 38+ 76.25 35; 35-375 16,980 1100-2862 38+ 26-875 35+ 35' 5 17,040 || 1104-1742 38%. 86-875 35; 35.625 17, 100 || 1108-0621 39 37-5 35+ 35-75 17, 160 1111.9500 39 97-5 353 || 35'875 17,220 1115.8380 393 48-125 36 36 - 0 17,280 1119.7259 || 39+ 108-125 2 k 2 500 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. TABLE For THE CONVERSION OF PERCENTAGE INto Cwts. AND LEs. PER TON, AND INTO LBs. PER Cwt. Per Per Ton. Per cwt. Per Per Ton. | Per Cwt. Cent. Cwts. Lbs. Lbs. Cent. Cwts. Lbs. Lbs. I — 22' 4 1 - 12 || 26 5 22:4| 29' 12 2 | – |44.8 2:24 || 27 5 |44. S. 30'24 3 | – |67-2 3' 36 || 28 5 (67.2. 31.36 4 || – |89 - 6 4' 48 || 29 5 |89 - 6. 32.48 5 1 0 5' 60 || 30 6 || 0 33' 60 6 1 22'4' 6'72 || 31 6 22-4, 34.72 7 1 |44 - 8 7-84 || 32 6 44-8. 35' 84 8 1 |67 2 8-96 || 33 6 (67.2. 36.96 9 1 89.6 10:08 || 34 6 89 - 6 38-08 10 2 0 11:20 35 7 || 0 39 - 20 11 2 22-4 12-32 36 7 |22'4' 40-32 12 2 |44. 8 13:44 || 37 7 |44.8 41 ° 44 13 2 (67.2 14:56 || 38 7 |67. 2 42-56 14 2 |89' 6' 15' 68 || 39 7 189 - 6 4:3: 68 15 3 0 16 - 8 || 40 8 || 0 44: 80 16 3 22-4 17. 92 41 8 22' 4 45-92 17 3 |44. 8 19-04 || 42 8 44-8 47 '04 18 3 67.2 20:16 43 8 |67 - 2 48- 16 19 3 189' 6' 21-28 || 44 8 |89 - 6 49.28 20 4 0 22:40 || 45 9 || 0 50'40 21 4 |22'4] 23: 52 || 46 9 |22'4' 51-52 22 4 |44.8 24' 64 || 47 9 |44 - 8 52' 64 23 4 |67: 2 25-76 || 48 9 67-2 53.76 24 4 |89: 6, 26.88 || 49 9 89-6 54.88 25 5 0 28.00 || 50 | 10 || 0 56-00 501 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. TABLE For THE Conversion of PERCENTAGE INto CWTs. AND LBS., &c.—continued. Per Per Ton. Per Cwt. Per Per Ton. Per Cwt. Cent. Cwts. Lbs. Lbs. Cent. Cwts. Lbs. Lbs. 51 || || 0 |22-4 57: 12 76 15 22:4| 85-12 52 || 10 |44. S. 58' 24 77 15 44-8. 86-24 53 || 10 |67-2 59' 36 78 15 (67.2 87-36 54 || 10 89' 6' 60' 48 79 15 (89.6 88.48 55 || || 1 || 0 61 60 80 | 16 || 0 89: 60 56 || 1 || ||22-4 62-72 81 | 16 22-4 90-72 57 | 11 |44.8 63-84 82 | 16 |44 - 8 91-84 58 || 11 |67-2 64-96 83 | 16 (67.2 92-96 59 || 11 (89.6 66° 08 84 16 |89 6, 94' 08 60 | 12 || 0 67-20 85 17 | 0 95-20 61 | 12 22-4 68.32 86 17 22' 4 96-32 62 | 12 |44 - 8 69-44 87 || 17 44°S 97. 44 63 | 12 |67 - 2 70 - 56 88 || 17 67.2 98: 56 64 || 12 [89: 6, 71.68 89 || 17 89.6 99.68 65 | 13 || 0 72-80 90 18 || 0 ||100 '80 66 13 122-4 73-92 91 18 22-4101-92 67 || 13 |44.8 75° 04 92 18 44: 81 03-04 68 || 13 67 2 76. 16 93 18 67.2/104-16 69 || 13 89-6 77-28 || 94 | 18 89: 6105-28 70 14 || 0 78 - 40 95 || 19 || 0 |106 - 40 71 14 (22.4 79° 52 96 19 22:4|| 07' 52 72 || 14 |44-8. 80' 64 97 19 |44: 8108.64 73 14 67.2 81-76 98 || 19 67-2 109-76 74 || 14 89.6 82-88 99 || 19 |89: 6110-88 75 15 || 0 | 84-00 || 100 | 20 || 0 |112'00 502 ph ARMAcists' Pocker-book. TABLE showing Equivalent RATES PER LB., Cwt., AND Ton. Perlb. Per cwt. Per ton. Per lb. Per cwt. Per ton. d. s, d. £ s. d d. s. d. £ s. d + 2 4 2 6 8 6+ 58 4 58 6 8. + 4 8 4 13 4 6} 60 8 60 13 4 # 7 0 7 0 0 6+ 63 0 63 0 0 1 9 4 9 6 8 7 65 4 65 6 8 1+ 11 8 11 13 4 7+ 67 8 67 13 4 14 14 0 14 0 0 7+ 70 0 70 0 0 14 16 4 || 16 6 8 73 || 72 4 || 72 6 8 2 18 8 18 13 4 8 74 8 || 74 13 4 2+ 21 0 21 0 0 8+ 77 0 77 0 0 2+ 23 4 23 6 8 84 79 4 79 6 8 2+ 25 8 25 13 4 8+ 81 8 81 13 4 3 28 0 28 0 0 9 84 0. 84 0 0 3+ 30 4 30 6 8 9+ 86 4 86 6 8 3} 32 8 32 13 4 94 88 8 88 13 4 3+ 35 0 35 0 0 9} 91 0 91 0 0 4 37 4 37 6 8 10 93 4 93 6 8 4+ 39 8 39 13 4 10+ 95 8 95 13 4 4+ 42 0 42 0 0 10} 98 0 98 0 0 4+ 44 4 44 6 8 10+ | 100 4 || 100 6 8 5. 46 8 46 13 4 11 102 8 || 102 13 4 5+ 49 0 49 0 0 11+ | 105 0 || 105 0 0 5+ 51 4 51 6 8 11+ | 107 4 || 107 6 8 5+ 53 8 53 13 4 11+ | 109 8 || 109 13 4 6 56 0 56 0 0 12 112 0 || 112 0 0 Decimal Equivalents of PENCE ANd Shillings. Pence shillings. Pence. Shillings. || Pence shillings. + ... = - 04.166 4} ... = 37.50 8} ... = *70832 1 ... = - 0.8333 || 5 ... = -41666 9 ... = '75 1+... = -125 5* ... = -45833 9} ... = .79166 2 ... - . 16666 6 ... = - 5 10 ... = -83.333 2} ... = -20832 6} ... = '54166 10} ... = -87.50 3 ... - -25 7 ... = *58.333 11 ... - '91666 3+ ... = .29166 || 7+ ... = 6250 11 * ... = '95.833 4 ... = 33333 || 8 ... = 66666 || 12 ... = 1.0000 503 PHARMACISTS' PoCKET-Book. Decimſ AL EQUIvalents of LBs., QRs., AND Cwts. qrs. lbs. cwts. ||qrs. Ibs. cwts. ||qrs. Ibs. cwts. ||qrs. Ibs. cwts. 0 0}= 0.045 || 1 0=-25 2 0-5 3 0-75 0 1 • 0.089 || 1 1 - 2589 2 1 - 5089 3 1 -7589 0 2 • 0.179 || 1 2 - 2679 2 2 - 5179 3 2 -76.79 0 3 • 0.268 || 1 3 - 2768 2 3 - 5268 3 3 -77.68 0 4 • 0357 || 1 4 - 2857 2 4 - 5357 3 4 -7867 0. 5 * 0.446 || 1 5 - 2946 || 2 5 - 54.46 3 5 - 7.946 0 6 • 0536 || 1 6 °3036 || 2 6 - 5536 || 3 6 - 8086 0 7 • 0625 || 1 7 - 3125 || 2 7 - 5625 || 3 7 -8125 0 8 • 0714 || 1 8 - 3214 2 8 - 57.14 3 8 - 8214 0 9 • 0803 || 1 9 - 3303 || 2 9 - 5803 3 9 - 8:303 0 10 • 0893 || 1 10 °3393 || 2 lo '5893 || 3 10 -8393 0 11 • 0982 || 1 11 - 3482 2 11 - 5982 3 11 - 84.82 0 12 • 1071 || 1 12 - 357.1 2 12 - 6071 3 12 -85.71 0 13 • 1161 || 1 13 - 3661 2 13 - 6161 3 13 - 8661 0 14 • 125 1 14 - 375 2 14 - 625 3 14 - 875 0 15 • 1339|| 1 15 -3839 || 2 15 - 6339 3 15 - 8839 0 16 1429 || 1 16 '3929 || 2 16 6429 || 3 16 '8929 0 17 • 1518 || 1 17 -4018 2 17 '6518 || 3 17 - 9018 0 18 • 1607 || 1 18 - 4107 2 18 - 6607 3 18 -9107 0 19 • 1696 || 1 19 - 4.196 || 2 19 - 6696 3 19 '919.6 0 20 • 1786 || 1 20 - 4286 || 2 20 - 6786 3 20 - 9286 0 21 • 1875 || 1 21 “4375 2 21 - 68.75 3 21 -93.75 0 22 • 1964 || 1 22 °4464 2 22 - 6964 3 22 -94.64 0 23 • 2054 || 1 23 - 4554 2 23 - 7054 3 23 -95.54 0 24 *2143 || 1 24 • 4643 2 24 - 71.43 3 24 -9643 0 25 • 2232 || 1 25 - 4732 2 25 - 7232 3 25 -97.32 0 26 • 2322 || 1 26 - 4822 2 26 - 7.322 3 26 -9822 0 27 "2411 || 1 27 ° 4911 2 27 7411 || 3 27 -99.11 Decimal EQUIVALENTs of Pounds AND OUNCEs. ozs. lbs. |*. lbs. ors. lbs. |; lbs. |ozs. lbs. + 1-015625, 3 - 1875 || 6+ - 40625|| 10 || 625 ||134 -84375 #|-03125 ||3}|:21875|| 7 || 4375 || 10+ 65625||14, '875 #1-046875|| 4 || 25 7+1-46875|| 11 | 6875 |14+ •90625 1 - 0625 4+|-281.251 8 - 5 11}-T187515 . .9375 1+1-03375 5 - 3125 || 8+ 1-53125||12 || 75 |15} *96875 2 : 125 5+1.34375 || 9 || 5625 12+ 78.125 16 1-0 24-15625 ||6 ||375 ||9||:59375] 13 sizs Table Showng. A CoMPARIsox of THE WEIGHTS AND MEASUREs of The METRIC SystEM with Those of VARIOUS Countries. Measures of Length. Measures of Surface. Measures of Capacity. ..". N Walue in N }º: Name Wal N Value Where used. Name. Nanne. n Sq. alºne. tle. Wame. - Metres. Metres. Grams. - Metre - Sq. metre — Cub metre - Gram | — } º (º - - - – Litre - T | T | Holland. - Foot '30479 Sq. foot '092894 Cub. foot *02831 cub. Pound 453-592 England, United metre. - - - - - — Gallon || 4:543458 litres | – || – States. Foot || 316103. Sq. foot '0999 | Cub, foot '0309 cub.metre|Pound 560-012. Austri Ell 2:465 A. ft. – — | – - — || Austria. Foot • 30479 - — Wedro 12:299 litres. |Pound|409-52 Russi Elle • 71119 - — - - - — } ussia. Foot • 30000 Sq. foot 0900 Malter 150 litres Pound 500-00 | Swi l - - - — Cub foot '0270 cub.metre – || – { witzerland. CoMPARIson of THE GRAM witH THE MEDICINE-GRAINs of various Countries. One gram equals— 15:432 English grains. 16-116 Danish grains. 15:36 Dutch and Belgic grains. 13.71 Austrian grains. 16-103 Russian and Swiss grains. --- One gram equals— 20:05 Spanish grains. 16 - 16 S wedish grains. 20-373 Portuguese grains. 20 '815 Italian grains. 16'419 Old Prussian grains. 3. TABLE of CoMPARIson of QUANTITIEs of INGREDIENTS PER PINT, LITRE, &c. —STRENGTH of TINCTUREs, &c. (G.M.J.) Avoir. Gr. pe No. of m No. of c. C. wts, per G. per litre. 3d. cong. contg. Example. pint. one gr. one G. gr. 20 2-286 1-0 480'000 || 437.50 Morph. Hyd. in Tr. Chlorof. et Morph. gr. 28 || 3:200 1-4 342-857 312-50 | Cochineal in Tr. Cinch. Co. gr. 30 3-429 1-5 320-000 291.63 Camphor in Tr. Camph. Co. gr. 40 4-571 2-0 240.000 218-75 Opium and Acid Benz. in Tr. Camph. Co. gr. 55 6.286 || 2:75 174.55 159:08 || Cochineal in Tr. Card. Co. gr. 75 8 - 57.1 3-75 128.000 116-66 Cinnamon in Tr. Lavand. Co. gr. 100 11.429 5-0 96-000 87.50 Opium in Tr. Opii Ammoniata. oz. 12:500 5-47 87-771 80-00 | Cantharides in Tr. Canth. gr. 133 15:200 6-65 72-180 65.79 | Ext. Nucis Wom. in Tr. Nucis Wom. gr. 150 || 17-143 7-5 64'000 58-33 Sandal-wood in Tr. Lavand. Co. gr. 160 | 18-286 8-0 60 000 54.68 || Quin. Hydrochl. in Tr. Quininae, Quin. Sulph. in Tr. Quin. Am. Aloes in Tr. Benz. Co., Podoph. Resin in Tr. Podoph. § TABLE of CowPARIson of QUANTITIEs of INGREDIENTS PER PINT, LITRE, &c.— STRENGTH of TINCTUREs, &c.—continued. Avoir. Gr. No. of m No. of c. C. wts per G. per litre. #" contg. contg. Example. pint. one gr. one G. gr. 180 20-sº | 9-0 || 53-333 48-61 Saffron in Tropii Ammoniata. 07. A 25.000 || 10:94 || 43-886 40’00 Iodine and KI in Tr. Iodi. oz. 4 || 37-500 16-41 29-257 26.6% Capsicum in Tr. Capsici. oz. 1 50-000 21-88 21-943 20:00 | Ext. Cannab. Ind. in Tr. Cannab. Ind. oz. 14 75.000 || 32-81 || 14-629 13:33 Opium in Tr. Opii. oz. 2 100-000 43-75 10-971 10 : 00 Benzoin in Tr. Benz. Co. oz. 2; 125,000 54.69 8.777 8:00 || Aconite Root in Tr. Aconiti, Oz. 4 200.000 87.50 5-486 5-00 | Red Bark in Tr. Cinchonae. Oz. 5 250.000 || 109-38 4-389 4:00 Ergot in Tr. Ergota. oz. 6 300-000 131-25 3-657 3.33 Orange Peel in Tr. Aurantii Recentis. oz. 10 500'000 218-75 2-194 2:00 Ginger in Tr. Zingib. Fort. : TABLE of CoMPARIson of QUANTITIEs of INGREDIENTs PER PINT, LITRE, &c.—STRENGTH of TINCTUREs, &c.—continued. | No. of c. C. Per pint. ºr m: º º*- Example. l m. m 5 -521 0-25 || 1920 Ol. Rosmar. in Tr. Law. Co. m 10 1-042 0-50 960 Ol. Menth. Pip, in Tr. Chlorof. et Morph. m 30 3-125 1-50 320 Ol. Anisi in Tr. Camph. Co. m 45 4-687 2-25 240 Ol. Lavand. in. Tr. Law Co. 5f 1 6-25 3. 160 Ol. Anisi in Tr. Opii Ammon. 5f 5 31-25 15 32 Ether in Tr. Chlorof. et Morph. 3f 1 50-00 24 20 Acetic Acid in Tr. Ferri Acet. 3f 1+ 62-50 30 16 Acid Hydrocy. in Tr. Chlorof. et Morph. 3f 1+ 75 36 13-33 3f 2 100 48 10 Chloroform in Tr. Chlorof Co. 3f 24 125 60 8 -- in Tr. Chlorof. et Morph. É TABLE of CowPARIson of QUANTITIEs of INGREDIENTS PER PINT, LITRE, &c.—STRENGTH of TINCTUREs, &c.—continued. No. of c. C. Example. Perpint | “..." m º º mº m. 3f 3 150 72 6-66 3f 4 200 96 5 3f 5 250 120 4 3f 6 300 144 3-33 3f 7 350 168 2-86 3f 8 400 192 2-5 3f 9 450 216 2.23 3f 10 500 240 2 3f 12 600 288 1.66 3f 16 800 384 1-25 3f 17+ 875 420 1 Glycerine in Tr. Kino. Aq. Dest. in Tr. Nucis Wom. Rect. Sp. in Tr. Ferri Acet. ,, , in Tr. Chlorof. Co. Aq. Dest. in Tr. Ferri Acet. Tr. Card. Co. in Tr. Chlorof. Co. Rect. Sp. in Tr. Kino. ,, , in Tr. Opii Ammon. Proof Sp. in Tr. Quininae Ammon. 509 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. CoMPARIsox of THE BRITISH AND METRICAL BAROMETERs. Milli- Milli- Milli- Inches. metres. metres. metres. Inches. Inches. 27.00 685-7ss 27. 50698. 487|28:00, 711 - 187 27.02 sº 295 27:32.698-995 28:02 IIl-695 27.04686 804 27: 54,699 - 503.28° 04' 712. 203 27- 06 687 - 312 Žišiū0.01280ſ; 712-711 27-08 687.820.27. 587.00: 519.28:08 713: 219 27 - 10 issºs 27. 60701:027|28 - 10 713-727 27. 12 688: 835|27.62701:535|28:12, 714-235 27 - 14 689 - 343||27.641702 : 04328. 14, 714-743 27 - 16 689-851 27.66702:551 28 16 715-251 27 - 18 690 - 359|27. 68,703 - 05928 - 18 715 - 759 27-20 ºffſ 27.70703: 567|28.20 716. 267 27-22 tº 37. 27.727.04:07528-22 716-775 27-24 69. 883|27 - 74,704: 583|28-24 717.283 27:26 692-391 27-76705-091 28° 26' 717-791 27-28 º 27-78.705'599|28-28 718.299 27:30 º 28 - 30 718. 807 27:32 693-91527.827.06:615|28-32 719-315 27: 34 ºł:4:3 27 - 84.707 - 12328-34, 7 19: S23 27.36 694-931|27.86 joi-3128-36 720-331 27- 38 (695. 439||27 88708: 139||28-38. 720-839 27:40 695-947|27-901708.647|28-40, 721-347 27-42 696.455||27-92.709 155||28:42 721.855 27:44 (696-963|27'94709.663|28-44. 722-363 27:46 697:471|27-96.710 - 171|28°46 722.871 27-48 |697.979|27-98.710-679|28.48 723: 379 510 PHARMACists' Pocket-BOOK. CoMPARIson of THE BRITISH AND METRICAL BAROMETERs—continued. Milli- Milli- Milli- Inches. Inches. metres. metres. metres. Inches. 28'50 |723. 887 29:007:36:587|29:50 749 - 286 28-52 724:395.29:02737-095/29:52, 749.794 28' 54 |724 - 903||29' 0417:37: 603 ||29' 54. 750-302 28:56 725.411||29:06.738: 11129:56, 750-810 28-58 725.91929-08738. 619/29:58 751-318 28.60 726 427|29' 10739. 127|29'60. 751-826 28-62 (726-935||29' 12739' 635|29' 62 752-334 28.64 (727:443|29-14740-143|29:64 752.842 28.66 (727-951129: 16.740 - 651 |29 - 66 753-350 28-68 (728-439||29 - 18741 - 159 29'68, 753-858 28.70 |728-967|29.20741.667|29.70, 754.366 28:72 729:475||29:22742-175|29-72 754.874 28.74 729-983|29 - 241742 683|29 74 755-382 28-76 (730.491||29-26743' 191129: 76 755: 890 28-78 (730-999|29-28,743.699|29.78 756-398 28.80 (731-507||29-30744-206|29.80, 756:906 28' 82 732 - 015||29: 32,744 - 714129 - 82 757-414 28:84 732-52329-34745.222 29-84, 757,922 28:86 733-031||29: 36745-7:30 29-86 758-430 28-88 (733. 539||29-38746-228 (29 - 88 758.938 28-90 (734' 047|29 40|746'746 (29.90 759-446 28'92 |734-551129: 42,747' 254 (29-92 759-954 28'94 735-063|29:44.747.762|29.94 760.462 28.96 735: 571||29:46,748 - 270,129 '96, 760-970- 28'98 (736' 079|29-48 is is 29-98 761 “478 511 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. COMPARISON OF THE BRITISH AND METRICAL BAROMETERs—continued. Inches. | Mºll ||Inches. Milli- Inches. "": metres. metres. metres. 30-00 |761-986||30-34,770. 622|30-68 779 - 258 30.02 1762. 49.4|30-36,771 : 130|30-70, 779-766 30-04 |763 002|30.38771-638||30-72 780 - 274 30-06 |763. 510|30-40772: 146||30-74 780 - 782 30 - 08 (764 - 01830 - 42,772 - 654||30-76 781. 290 30-10 764-526||30.44773. 162|30.78 781-798 30-12 |765- 0.34||30.46773.670||30-80 782. 306 30-14 1765 : 542||30 48 774 - 178||30. 82 782-814 30 - 16 (766 - 050||30: 50.774 - 686||30-84. 783-322 30 - 18 1766 558||30 - 52775-194|30 '86 783-880 30 - 20 767 - 066||30. 54.775. 702|30 - 88 784.338 30-22 767' 574|30.56776:210 30-90 784-846 30-24 (768-082|30-58 776-718||30.92 785-354 30.26 (768-590|30-60 777-226||30.94 785-862 30-28 |769' 098||30-62 777-734||30: 96 786-370 30-30 |769' 606||30 - 64 778-242|30 '98: 786-878 30-32 770 - 114 www.sº Reduction of BARomerers to 0°C. (Exact Formula). 5550 h = H – (1" - 5550 + , (1 + k) h = corrected heights. H = observed height, corrected for capillarity. t = temperature at time of observation. k = coef. of linear expansion of scale. 512 PHARMAcists' POCKET-BOOK. USEFUL RECIPES. A number of these were selected from the Chemist and Druggist with the kind permission of the Editor. Almond Paste.—Sev. Prep. 110 p.; KHO soln. (26%) 60 p.; S.V.R. 5 p.; Ol. Amygd. Am. q.s. : trit. lard and KHO in mortar, leave 12 hrs., add spir, trit. till mass assumes pearly lustre. Asthma. Cure.—Grindel. robust. 3 i.; Jaborand. Fol. 3 i.; Eucalypt. Fol. 3 ss.; Digital. Fol. 3 ss.; Stramon. Fol. 3 ii.; Cubeb., 3 iv.; Pot. Nit. 3 ss.; Cascarill. Cort, 3 i.; all ground and mixed. Beef and Iron Wine.—Ext carnis 2 oz. ; Win. Fe Citr. 20 fl. 3; Aq. A rant. Fl. 4 fl. 3; Win, Xer, to 40 fl. 3: dissol. extr. in orange fl. aq., add wines, filter after 2 days. Beetles, To exterminate.—Red lead, sugar, flour: mix, and sprinkle near the holes. Benzine, To deodorise.—Digest litharge in strong soln. of soda, and shake benzine up with this. Bitters, Blood purifying.—Burdock rt. cut 4 p.; blue flag rt. 1 p. ; dandelion rt. 3 p.; sassaf, bk. 1 p. ; sarsap. bk. 4 p.; wild cherry hk. 2 p.; yell. dock rt. 1 p.: mix and div. into portions of 2 p. ea. Mac. ea. portn. with 40 fl. p. aq. at gentle heat for 2 hr. ; strain off 3i fl. p., add 10 fl. p. gin and sugar 4 p. Adult dose, 1 fl. 3 4 times a day. Bitters, Orange.—Orange pl. 1 p. ; citron pl. candied + p. ; gentian rt. # p. ; cascarilla + p. ; S.V.R. 5 fl. p. ; aq. 15 fl. p. ; shred, mac. 7 days, filter; aq. to 20 fl. p. Bitters, Tonic.—Dandelion rt., gentian rt., chamomile flw., buchu lys, hops, of ea. 1 p. ; lif sugar 8 p.; S.V.R. 12 fl. p. ; aq. q.s. : boil rts. with 2 p. aq., add sugar, and S.V.R. when cold; aq. to 80 fl. p. Blacking, Boot.—Ivory black 8 p.; molasses 4 p.; Ol. Oliv, 1 p.; oil of vitriol 1 p.; mix, add. aq. to proper consistence. Another. Ivory black 6 p.; sugar 4 p.; oil of vitriol 2 p.; sweet oil 1 p.; vinegar q.s. 513 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Blacking for Harness.-Mutton suet 2 oz. ; bees' wax 6 oz. ; sug. candy powd. 4 oz. ; soft soap 2 oz. ; limp. blk. 24 oz. ; indigo powd. 4 oz.: melt fat, wax, add others, mix, thin to soft paste with turps. Black, Brunswick.-Melt 2 lbs. asphaltum, heat 1 pnt. boild. lin. oil, and add, when cold, 4 pnts, turps. Blister for Horses.—Canthar. powd. 4 oz. ; euphor- bium powd. } oz.: Capsic, powd. } oz. ; turps 2} oz. ; meth. spir. 1743; dig. 14 days, strain. Blood Mixture.—Pot. iod. 36 gr. ; pot. chlor. 30 gr. ; Liq. Arsen. 24 m ; Spir. Chlorof. 3 3; Decoct. Sarsap. Co. to 6 fl. 3. Dose, 1 tablespfl. 3 times a day. Boot Tops, Pink Powders for:-Oxal. ac., alum, of ea. 1 oz. ; Pb. acet., cream tart., isingl., of ea. Hoz, ; colr. with cochl. (for pink) or anatto; whole should be boiled in 1 quart aq. for 10 minutes. Brass, To blacken.—Ag nitrate, Cu nitrate, make strong solns. of ea. and mix; immerse brass, remove and heat evenly till reqd. shade. Brilliantine.—Ol. Amyg. 1 fl. p. ; S.W.R. 2 fl. p. ; otto (1.S. Brilliantine. Inseparable.—ol. Ric, 1 fl. p. ; Alcoh. Absol. 2 fl. p. ; otto and oil neroli q.s. Butter Colouring.—Annatoine 5 p.; turmeric 6 p. ; odorlss. lard oil 16 p. ; rub together, mac. 3 days, filter, add oil to 16 p.: Span. saffron 1 p., alcoh. 1 p. ; make a }. Add this to oily prep., remove alcoh. by gentle eat. Camphor Balls.--To prevent chaps. Cetac. 180 p.; Cera Alb. 240 p. ; Ol. Amygd. Exp. 480 p.: melt, stir in Camph. (pulv.), 180 p. Use after washing. Carriage Aprons, Dressing for. — Glue 2 p. ; white soap 4 p.; yell. wax 1 p. ; meat's-ft. oil 1 p. ; limp. blk q.s. : soften glue, melt over aq., dissolve soap in aq. q.s. and stir into glue, add wax in shavings, then oil, lastly black to colour. 2 L 514 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. Cement for Bicycle Tires.—Asphalt. 2 p.; gutta 1 p.: melt together, apply to hot wheel, then slip on tire. Cement for Glass, China, &c.—Glac. acet. ac. 10 vol., aq. 90 vol. ; mix, of this take 56 p., in which dissol. 44 p. good thin gelatin. Cheese Colouring.—Roll annato, K carb, of ea. 1 p. ; digest 1 day in aq. 10 f" p., filter, add aq. to 10 fl. p. if necessary. Chilblains, For.—Camph. 1 oz.: oil cajup. 3 3 ; blk. bryony rt. 1 oz. ; aconite rt. 3 oz. ; Liq. Amm. Fort. 3 fl. 3; S.V.R. 12 fl. 3: mac. 7 days, filter. Another. Camph., oil amber, oil cajup., of ea. 2 oz. ; alkanet rt. oz. ; turps 14 oz. ; dig. 2 days, strain. Cochineal, Liquid.-Cochl. 1 p., pot. carb. 1 p., boil these in aq. 7 fl. p. ; HK tart. 1 p., pot. alum 1 p.; mix, add gradually to the aq. liqd.: filter when efferv. has ceased, wash rºidue with 2 fl. p. Pri. Spir., add aq. to 8 fl. p. Then jº. chlorid. A p., sugar 6 p., and add aq. to 16 fl. p. ycern. may be substituted for the spir, and sugar. Cockroaches, To exterminate.-Plaster Paris, 2 p. ; oatmeal 4 p.; sugar 1 p. Cologne Oil (for making Eau de C.). — Ol. Bergam. 8 fl. p. ; Ol. Limon. 4 fl. p. ; oil swt. orange pl. 2 fl. p. ; Ol. Amygd. Am. 2 fl. p. ; Ol. Lavand. 4 fl. p. ; Ol. Rosmar. # fl. p. ; oil neroli fl. p. ; Ol. Caryoph. A fl. p.; ext, musk 8 oz.; alcoh. to 64 fl. 3. Use 3 viii. to 1 gall, spirit. Composition Essence. — Bayberry rt. bk. 3 oz. ; ginger 103; cloves 4 3 ; capsicum l 3; S.V.R. 14 fl. 3 or q.s. ; aq. 6 fl. 3 or q. s. mix aq. and spir., damp powd. with 53 of the weak spir., percolate 1 day, make up to 20 fl. 3 with the weak spirit. Cordial, Aniseed.—0l. Anisi 3 ii.; S.W.R. 5 pnts. ; syrup 11 pnts. Cordial, Peppermint.—Ol. Menth. Pip. 3 1; S.V.R. 3 pnts. ; Syrup 13 pnts. : Mg Carb. Lev. : shake 1 day, filter. Corn Cure.-Ext. Cannab. Ind. gr. viii.; Ac. Salicyl. gr. 60 ; Collod. Flex. 3 vi. ; Aºther 3 ii. : dissolv., mix. 515 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-Book. Custard Powder. —Oswega corn-flour colord, with turmeric and flavrd. with ess. of almds. Dandelion Cocoa.-Powd. dand. ext. 4 p. ; arrowrt. 4 p. ; sug. 14 p. ; powd. cocoa ext. 14 p. ; mix. Dentrifice, Liquid.—Quillaia brk. 3 oz. ; S.V.R. 33 oz.: aq. 5 oz. ; Ol. Gaulth. 30 m: mac. 10 days, filter. Coccus 8 grs. ; Aq. Menth. Pip. 3 iv.; Glycern 3 2: filter. Mix both solns., Prſ. Spir. to 3 24. Thymol, carbol. ac., &c., may be added, but no astringts. IDepilatory.—Orpiment 1 p.; starch, qk. lime, of ea. 12 p.: all in fine powd. ; mix. Dubbing.—Ol. Lini 200 p.; PbO20 p.; Cera. Fl. 150 p.; tallow 15 p. ; Theriaca 200 p ; lamp blk. 100 p.; tulips 280 p ; meth. Sprt. 35 p.; shellac 5 p.: dissolv. lithg. in 1. oil by boilg. for 1 hr., add wax and tall., then treacle at 240°F., add limp. blk., and then tumps. Fift Powder.—Similar to Custard Powd., but with ifferent flavouring. Eau de Cologne.—Ol. Lavand. 3 i.; oil neroli 3 ii.; Ol. Limon. 3i. ss.; Ol. Bergam. 3 iii.; ottom iii.; Mosch. gr. ii.; one Tonq.bn. powd.; Benz. gr. xx.; §º fl. 3 xl.; dig. 2 days, add 3 ii. Mg Carb. Lev. and 2 oz. orange flw. aq., filter in 7 days. Elder Wine.—Ripe berries freed from stalks, 5 lbs., bruise, mac. with 1 gall. aq. (soft or dist.) for 2 days with stirring; remove liqd. by pressg, and straing, add sugar 4 lbs., cream tart. 14 oz. (dissd. in aq.), set aside in warm place 4 days, skim and stir occasionally; fill casks leaving bung open, transfer to other casks in 7 days, add + 3 brandy to pnt, Jill casks and bung down ; use finings in 4 weeks if not clear. Elixir of Cascara Sagrada-Tr. Zingib 3 iv.; Tr. Card. Co. 3 i. ss.; Ext. Glycyrrh. Liq. 3 ii.; Ext. Casc. Sagrad. 3 iv.: mix. Dose for adult, 3 to i teaspfl. Elliman’s Embrocation (Hagar).-Albumen 2 p.; turps 8 p.; acet, ac. (crude) 50 p.; aq. 50 p.; meth. spir, 60 3: mix. 2 L 2 516 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. Enamel, Black, for Cycles.—Asphalt. 40 oz. ; boil. lin. oil 3 gall ; red lead 6 oz.: lithrg 6 oz., Zn, sulpht, drd. powd. 4 oz. . melt asph., add others, boil 2 hrs., stir in 8 oz. fused dark amber gum and 1 pint hot lin, oil; boil 2 hrs. more. When mass has thickened, remove fire, and thin with turps 1 gall. Essence of Rennet.—l clean fresh rennet minced, salt 4 oz., R.S.V. 4 oz., glycern. 2 oz., syrupy lact. ac. 3 i., aq. 20 fl. 3: digest 7 days, shakg. freq., filter, add Calorof. 10 m, Tr. Cocci q.s. to colour, aq. to 40 fl. 3. Florida Water.—Ol. Lavand., Ol. Bergam., of ea. 3 iv.; oil of neroli 3 ii.; oil of orange 3 iv.; Ol. Caryoph. 3 i.; Moschus gr. iv.; eau de Colog, aq., S.V.R., of ea. } gall: mac. 7 days, filter through magnesia. Glycerine Cream.—Glycern. 6 oz.: rose aq. trip. 5 oz.: Tr. Arnicae + 3 ; Ac. Borac. * oz. : diss. acid. in glyc. by heat and add mixt to others previously mixed. Gun-sights, Composition for.—Gas-black # 3 ; meth. spir. 2 fl. 3; spir. varnish 2 fl. 3: mix. Hair, Bandoline, to stiffen.—Tragac. (picked) powd. 1 oz. ; Aq. Rosae 1 pnt.: mix, shake 3 days, strain and colour. Bair Dye, Black.-Ag: nit. 3 iv.; Na carb. 3 vi. ; dissolv. ea. in 8 fl. 3 aq., mix, collect ppt., wash, drain, add 80 grs, tart. acid, stir, add (when efferv. ceased) ammonia q.s. to dissolv. and 23 ea. glycern. and muclg., carmine or orchil to col., and aq. to 5 fl. 3. Hair Dye.—“Aureoline.” A soln. of hydrogen peroxide of 10 or 20 vol. Hair Dye, Brown.—Ac. Pyrogall. 4 oz. ; Na sulphd. #3; S.V.R. 1 fl. 3; aq. 8 fl. 3: dissolv. acid in spir., sulph. in aq.; mix. Hair Dye, Brown.—(1) Pyro. 4 gr. ; Aq. Dest. 2 fl. 3; mix and apply. After 15 min. apply (2) silv. nit. 60 gr. ; Acac. Gummi 60 gr. ; Aq. Dest. 2 fl. 3: mix. 517 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Hair Restorer.-Pb. acet. 2 p.; Lac. Sulph. 3 p. ; glycr. 8 p. ; Aq. Rosae to 64 fl. p. Hair Restorer.—Sulphur 45 gr. ; lead acet. 20 gr. ; glycerin 4 fl. 3; aq. to 10 fl. 3: mix. Hair Restorer, Transparent.—Pb. nit. 60 gr. ; Na hyposulph. 1 oz. ; Aq. Amm. 3 ss.; glycern. 3 ss. ; ess. white rose 3 i.; aq. to 3 x. : dissolv, Pb, nit. in aq. 3 ii. and hypo. in aq. 3 iv.; mix, add others, and filter. Hop Tonic.—Tr. Lupuli, Tr. Podoph., of ea. 3 ss. ; Tr. Buchu, Tr. Senega, of ea. 3 iii.; colourg. q.s. ; Aq. to 3 xx. Another. Lupulus 4 oz. ; Tarax. Rad. 14 oz. ; Podolph. Rad. 4 oz. ; Buchu Fol. 1 oz.: inf. in 1123 boilg. aq. for 12 hrs., strain, add 163 S.W.R. Dose of both these 1 tabspfl. Hair Wash, not greasy.-Glycern. 3 iv.; Tr. Can- thar. 3 iv.; Liq. Amm. 3 iv.; conc. rose water 3 ii.; bay rum 3 x. Hair Wash Powder.—Borax powd. 1 lb.: Camph. 3 i.; Ol. Berg. m. 20: mix. Hair Wash, Rosemary and Cantharides.— Ac. Acet. 3 iv.; Acet. Canth. 3 i.; Spir. Rosmar. 3 i.; ess. white rose 3 i.; Aq. to 3 viii. Incense.—Styrax 24 oz.; Benzoin, 12 oz. ; Moschus 15 gr.; caramel 4 oz. ; frankincense 2 oz. ; Tragac. 14 oz. ; Aq. Rosae q.s. ; div. into small tablets. Ink, Blue Black.-Galls 20 powd. 4 oz. ; aq. 163: mac. 24 hrs., strain, press; mac. again with aq. 83, strain, &c. To mixd. liqds. add white bole 3 ii. ; strain; aq, to 223. Fe sulpht. 3 iv., sugar 3 vi., Ac. Hydrochl. 3 i.; dissolv. in aq. 83: add to gall. infusn. Next dissolv, anil. blue 15+ gr. in aq. 1 + 3 with heat, and add to ink. Use after 14 days. Carbol. ac. 10 m per 203 to preserve. Ink for Rubber Stamps.-Aniline col. (violt. or crim.) I p. ; aq. 4 fl. p., meth, sprl. 4 fl. p. ; dissol. ; add treacle, glycern., of ea. 1 p. 518 PHARMACists' Pocket-Book. Eid Reviver.—Logwood 4 p., copperas p., aq. 40 fl. p. ; boil 3 hr. and strain into, tragac powd. ºrp., soft soap 1 p., §. 3 p.; add 1 fl. p. meth. spir. contg. P. p. salicyl. ac., 1. Gaulth. 4 m, aq. to 40 fl. p. Linctus, Linseed Cough.-Chlorodyne xlv. m. ; Ol. Anisi m iv.; Tr. Tolu 3 ss. ; Tr. Senega-3 ss. ; Oxy. Scilla, 3 i. ss.; Inf. Lini ad 3 viii. Dissolv. oil in tinct., add oxymel, mix in others. Dose, 3 i. to 3 li. Linseed, Essence of.-Chlorodyne 45 m ; Ol. Anisi 4 m ; Tr. Tolu #3; Tr. Senege fl. 3; Oxy. Scyllae 13 3 ; Inf. Lini to 3 3: add oil in Tinct. Tolu to oxy, mix others by shaking. Menthol Plaster.—Emp. Plumbi 75 p., Cera Fl. 10 p., Resina 5 p., melt, strain, and add Menthol 10 p.: mix. Mother's Friend.—Ol. Aneth. º viii.; Sp. Amm. Arom. 3 i.; Mag. carb. 3 i.; Aq. 3 iv.: mix, filter, add to filtrate ad. Sod. bromd. 9 i.; K bicarb. 3 ss.; Tr. Card. Co. 3 ss. ; Syr. Rhead. 3 vi. Mix; dose, 1 teaspfl. Myrrh and Borax, Tincture of.-Myrrh 1 lb.: eau de Coln. 16 lbs. ; borax 1 lb.; dist. aq. 3 lbs. ; syrup 3 lbs. ; ess. of roses 63; rhat, rt. 4 oz. ; dig. 10 days, filter. Oil for Flies and Maggots.-Corros. sublim, powd. 1 oz. ; meth. spir. 8 oz. ; spir, of tar 10 oz. ; quillaia powd. 2 oz. ; aq. to 1 gall: dissolv. subl. in spir., add quill, and 203 of aq., mac. over night, add sp. of tar and rest of aq., shake, strain in 2 days. Paint for Black Eyes.—Bismuth 2 p. ; talc 1 p.: col. with carmine to skin tint. Wash part with mixt. of; glycern. 1 p., aq. 5 p. ; dry and apply powder. Pastils for Burning.—Yell. sanders 3 oz. ; styrax 4 oz.: Benzoin, 3 oz. ; olibanum 6 oz.: Cascarilla 6 oz : ambergris 1 dr.; Bals. Peruv. 2 dr. ; Myrrha 14 oz.; pot. nit. 14 oz. ; Ol. Cinnam. 20 m ; Ol. Carui + fl. 3; otto 40 m; Ol. Lavand. A fl. 3; Bals. Tolut. 14 fl. 3; Camphora 3 oz. ; strong acet. acid 2 fl. 3; charcl. 3 (or 4, or 5) lbs. : mix, form into paste with Mucil. Trag., mould into cones. Pastils for Burning.—Benzoin 1 oz.: Cascarilla 1 oz. ; Myrrha 160 gr.; Ol. Myrist. 80 m; Ol. Caryoph. 80 m; pot. nit. # oz.; charcl. 6 oz. ; Mucil. Trag. q.s. 519 PHARMACISTS' POCKET-BOOK. Pickling Mixture.—Com. salt 3 lbs. ; brown sug. 3 lb.; pot. nit. 4 oz. ; aq. 2 gall.: boil 3 hr., strain. Bay salt, com. salt, of ea. 8 oz. ; brown sugar 6 oz. ; pot, nit., blk, pepper, of ea. 2 oz.: mix. Well rub meat with the powd, and soak in pickle 14 days. Pill for Gout and Rheumatism.—Ext. Colch. Acet. gr. xii.; Ext. Coloc. Co. gr. 48; Ferri et Quin. Citr. gr. 24. Make 24 pills, one for a dose at bedtime. Plate Powder (non-mercurial).-Ca Carb. Prec.; Mg Carb. ; rouge to colour. Use with Liq. Ammon. Polish. To apply with brush.-Seedlac 4 p.; Canada bals. 1 p. ; drag. bla. q.s. ; meth. spir. 20 fl. p. : digest 7 days, strain. Pomade Hongroise.—Cera Alb. 12 p.; Sapo Dur. 1 p.; Acac. Gum. 1 p.; Aq. Ros. 2 fl. p. ; perfume q.s. : dissolve gum, soap, in warm aq., add molten wax, add perf. : col. with fine drop black, or bt. umber. - Pomatum, Ebony.—Cera Alb. 4 oz. ; any pomade 12 oz. ; melt, add levigated ivory blk. 2 oz. Pot Pourri."—Lavend, flwrs. 1 lb.; Orris 1 lb. ; Rose lvs. 1 lb. ; cloves 4 lb, ; Cinnam. 3 lb. ; benzoin 3 lb. ; pimento 3 lb.: com. salt 24 lb.; oil lavand. 60 m3 oil santal 60 m; oil geran. 60 m ; oil bergam. 120 m ; oil lemon 120 m; otto 10 m; vanilla 3 oz. ; musk pods 1 oz. ; ess, ambergris # oz. Solids all ground. Pot Pourri (used for mixing with rose leaves).--Tonq. bn. 3 p. ; Cinnam., Caryoph., Pimenta, of ea. 1 oz. ; Coriand. Fr. 4 oz. ; Benz. 5 oz. ; orris rt. 1 lb.: reduce to powd., mix, adding # 3 ess. bouquet towards end. Powder, Baking.—Tart. ac. 16 p.; Nabicarb. (drd, and powd.) 21 p.; ground rice 50 p.: mix. Another. Cream. tart. 23 p.; Nabicarb. 10 p.; tart. ac, 1 p. ; flour 8 p.: mix. Powder, Face.—Zn Oxid. 3 3; starch powd. 3 oz.; carmine 13; otto 4 m. Powder for Face.—Starch fine powd. 23; talc 10 3; Bi sub-nit. 103; carmine q.s. ; perfume q.s. : mix well. - 520 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. Powder, Jockey Club.-Lavand. Fl. oz. : rose lys. 14 oz.; orrls rt. 2 oz. ; vanilla beans 4 dr. ; musk 4 gr. ; ext. of jasmine 2 drs. ; oil of sandal 20 m; oil neroli 5 m. ; otto 10 m. Powders, Teething.—Pulv. Antim gr. ss. ; Hg Sub- chlor. gr. ss.; Sacch. Alb. Pulv. gr. ii. : mix. For child of 1 year. Powder, Violet.—Orris pvd. 4 oz. ; ess. of bergamot 20 m; ess of ambergris 20 m. Powder, Thriving, for Pigs —Sb Nig. 4 p. ; Gentian Rad., Glycyrr., of ea. in powd. 2 p.; Zingib., Fe Sulphid., of ea. 1 p.: mix. Dose, 1 tabspfl. Rennet, Essence of.-One calf's rennet: Ac. Lact. 3 i.; glycern. 3 i.; Vin. Xer. 3 ii.; Aq. to 36 fl. 3: mac. minced ren. with the salt (abt. 3 oz.) used to preserve in the liqds. for 10 days, filter, colour with cochineal. Ribbon Ink, as used for stampg. railway tickets.-Vasel. or petrol. ointment of high melt. pt., melt by heat, add lamp black as much as possible without granulation. While coolg. add mixt. of eq. pts. of turps and benzol till consist. of fresh paint. Ribbon of Bruges.—Pot. nit. 1 p. ; aq. 16 fl. p. : dissolv., and immerse narrow tape, wh: is to be dried and then twice immersed in this tinct. :—Benz. 1 oz., musk 10 gr., myrrh 32, bals tolu 32, orris rt. 1 oz., ottom 10, rect. spir. 3 10; dig. 7 days, filter. Rum Shrub.-Bitter orange juice # gall. ; sugar 8 lbs. ; rum 40 u. p. 14 gall. ; dissolv. sug. in juice, add rum to cold syrup. Clarify with isinglass. Sachet, New Mown Hay. — Orris powd. 4 lbs. ; Tonq. bns, grind. A lb. ; vanilla grnd. * lb. ; Ol. Amygd. 10 m ; oil French geraniums 120 m ; otto 30 m ; Ol. Bergam. 60 m ; ess. of musk 14 m. Saline.-Ac. Tart. 9 oz. ; Sod. bicarb. 10 oz. ; Pot. chlorat. . gr. : Mg sulph. drd. 180 gr. ; sugar 3 oz.: all quite dry, In 1x. Sarsaparilla, Iodized.—KI 3 i.; Decoct. Sarsae Co. Conc. 3 i. ss. ; Aq. 3 vi.; 1 tablespfl. for a dose. 521 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-book. Scouring Liquid.-Sapo Anim. 1 lb.: K carb. 1 oz.; Liq. Amm, 1 gall. : dissolve soap and carb. in 6 gall. boilg. aq., add ammon, when cold. Senna, Sweet Essence of.-Senna 15 lbs. ; boilg. aq. 5 gall. : percol. and evap. to 10 lbs., dissolve 6 lbs. treacle evapd till nearly solid, add S.V.R. 13 pnt. : filter after 2 days, aq. to 15 lbs. Shampoo Liquor.—Sapo Moll. 3 i.; Liq. Potass. 3 ii. ; S.V.R. 3 ii.; ess, of jock, clb. 3 iii.; Aq. to 3 xx. Shampoo Liquor, American–Rum 3 qts. ; S.V.R. 1 pnt., aq. 1 pnt. ; Tr. Canthar. A fl. 3; Ammon. carb. # oz. ; salt of tart. 1 oz.: rub it on, afterwards wash. Shoe Blacking (liqd.). Ivory black, treacle, of ea. 16 p., mix, add sperm oil ºrp., then conc. sulphuric acid 4 p., stirring while adding. Mix vinegar 20 fl. p., gum acac. 4 p., and use to thin the blacking. Silvering Powder.—Ag Cl 3 p.; salt of tartar 6 p.; Creta Prep. 2 p. ; Na Cl3 p. ; mix. Use moist. Soap, Arsenical.-Sapo Moll., Ac. Arsenios., Ca Hydr., of ea. 4 oz.: Na carb. 12 oz.; camph. (pulv.) + oz. : mix and make into paste with aq. Sºonges, To bleach.-Pot. permang. 1 oz. ; acid, sulph. oz ; aq. 1 gall. : immerse washed sponges until pale, then immerse in aq. containing 4 oz. pot. carb. per gall. till of golden tint. - Sponges, To bleach.-Soak in mixt. of hydrochl. acid 1 fl. p , aq. 8 fl p.; rinse, immerse in soln. of pot permang. 1 p. in aq. 160 fl. p. ; wring, immerse in a soln. of sod. hyposulph. 16 p., aq., 160 fl. p., hydrochl. acid 1 p. Wash well. Starch Gloss-Liquid–Borax satd. soln. 2 p.; Mucil. Tragac. 1 p. ; mix. One tablespnfl. to 1 pnt. of starch. Anothºr. Cetac. 1 p. ; gum acac. 1 p. ; borax 1 p. ; glycern. 24 p. : aq. 14+ p.: powd. sperm, with borax, and make emuls, with gum and aq., then add glycerin. Syrup, Ginger, for Syphons.—Sol. ess, of ginger x. ; Tr. Limon. 3 i. ; ess, of vanilla m. xx. ; Tr. Capsic. . : mix. Add + to 1 3 to 1 pnt, of syrup, colour with caramel: 522 PHARMACISTs’ POCKET-BOOK. Syrup, Lemon, for Syphons.—Syrup 4 gall.; citr. ac. 2 oz. ; Ol. Limon + 3 ; otto m ii.; alcoh. q.s. ; mix Mg Carb. Lev. 3 oz. with the essences, then add spir, and pour mixt, into syrup, filter through flannel, add acid dissol. in 3 iii. hot aq. Tooth Paste.—Creta Prep. 1 lb. ; orris powd. 4 oz.: carmine 3 i.: mix, Honey 1 lb.: melt and skim ; glycern. + lb.: mix. Add powd. to paste till proper consistence. To make aromatic add carb. ac. 3 ss., Ol. Gaulth. 20 ml., Ol. Cinnam. 5 m ; in S.V.R. 3 ss. Tooth Powder, Saponaceous.-Creta Prep., Mag. Carb. Pond., of ea. 180p. ; pulv. irid., pulv. sapon. alb., of ea. 60 p.; otto of rose 1 p. : rub soap and iris with otto 10 min., add powds., then 10 p. carbol. ac, ; sift. Warnish.-Ashphaltum 24 lbs. ; turps 8 oz. : double gold size 3 oz. ; soln. ind, rub. 4 oz. ; boild. lin, oil 3 oz. ; veg. black 3 i.; simmer till dissolved. Varnish, Copal.–Copal 32 p., fuse in iron pot, add Ol. Lini 20 fl. p., heat till stringy, turps q.s. to thin. Varnish for Violins,—Coarsely powd. copal and glass of ea. 4 oz.: camph. 3 oz. ; meth. spir. 1 pnt. : heat stirring on aq. bath, so that bubbles may be counted as they rise, until soln. complete ; decant. Varnish, Spirit.—Shellac 2 lbs. ; sandarach + lb.: gum thus 6 oz. ; spir. 1 gall. : dissolv., strain. Varnish, Theatrical, for affixing mustaches. —Resin 4 p. ; Ol. Ric. 1 p. ; meth. spir. 16 fl. p. : dissolv., strain, perfume. Vermin Killer.—Strych. 1 p. ; Ac. Arsenios. 4 p.; Sacch. 3 p.; pruss, blue q.s. Vinegar, Aromatic.–0l. Lavand. 3 i.; Ol. Caryoph. i. ; ess. bergam. 3 i.; Ol. Limon 3 ss. ; Camph. 3. ii.; 1. Cinnam. ml xv. ; Mosch. gr. iv.; Acid. Acet. Glac. 3 iv.; mix; aq. to 100 3. Vinegar, Toilet.—Ol. Lavand, Ol. Rosmar, Ol. Cinnam., Ol. Junip., Ol. Menth. Pip., of ea. m. iv.; Ol. Limon., Ol. Caryoph., of ea. ml. viii.; Alcoh. 1 fl. 3 iii.; Acid. Acet., fl. 3 iv.; Aq. to fl. 3, 16. 523 PHARMACists' POCKET-Book. Washing Fluid.—Soap 2 oz. ; boilg. rain aq. 1 gall. ; Liq. Amm. Fort. 4 3: dissolve. Wax, Iodolized.—Paraff. 2 p.; Cetac. 2 p.; iodol 1 p.; carmine tº p. ; Cera. Fl. 3 p.: melt waxes below 100°C., stir. in powd. Worms on Bowling Greens, to destroy.—Liq. Hg Perchlor, ( 525 ) IND EX. Abstracts, U.S.P., 230 Aceta, B.P., 146 Aceta, U.S.P., 223 Acids, Examination for, 413 Alkaloids, Non-Volatile, 455 Wolatile, 457 Analytical Notes, 396 Animal Calculi, 422 Antidote Bag, 357 Antidotes, 357 Apothecaries' Weight, Conver- sion, 464–479 Aquae, B.P., 147 — U.S.P., 198 Arrowroot, 142 Ash of Drugs, 431 Atomic Weights, 459 Avoirdupois Weight, Conver- sion, 464–479 Barley, 141 Barometers, Comparison of, 510 — Correctiºn to 0°C., 511 Beverages, 143 Boiling Points, 373 Borax Beads, 402 Botanical Arrangement Drugs, 247 — Glossary, 285 of Calculi, Examination of 422 Capacity, Measures of 463 Cataplasms, B.P., 148 Cerates, U.S.P., 240 Chartae, B.P., 148 — U.S.P., 244 Cinchona Alkaloids, 448 Clysters, 153 Coffee, 143 Collodions, B.P., 149 — U.S.P., 207 Colour Reactions, 416 Comparison of Thermometers, 379 — of Ingredients, quantities of, per º: &c., 506 Composition of Cereals, 142 Condiments, 141 Confections, B.P., 149 — U.S.P., 237 Conserves, B.P., 149 Conversion of Avoirdupois and Apothecaries' Weights, 464– 479 Decimal Equivalents of various Weights, 503 Decoctions. B.P., 150 — U.S. P., 209 Density of Liquids, B.P., 375 I)iscs, Gelatine, B.P., 163 Domestic Treatment in Poison- ing, 358 Dosage Table, 372 Drugs arranged Botanically, 2 47 Dry Tests for Solids, 398 526 INDEX, Eclectic Resinoids, 245 Electuaries, B.P., 149 Elements, List of, 459 Emplastra, B.P., 151 Fnemas, B.P., 153 Enemata, B.P., 153 Equivalent Rates per cwt., lb., &c., 502 Equivalents, eights, 503 Essences, B.P., 153 Essentiae, B.P., 153 Essential Oils, 193 Examination for Acids, 413 — of Solids in Dry way, 398 Extracts, B.P., 153 U.S. P., 224 — Fluid, U.S.P., 216 Fixed Oils, 196 Fluid Extracts, U.S.P., 216 Foods, 141 Gall Stones, 422 Gelatine Discs, B.P., 163 Glossary, Botanical, 285 — of Latin Terms, 314 — of Medical Terms, 332 Glycerines, B.P., 159 — U.S.P., 205 Grains, Composition of Cereal, 142 — Conversion into, 464–479 Grammes, Conversion into, 464 –479 Honeys, B.P., 169 — U.S.P., 203 Hypodermic Injections, B.P., 162 Decimal, of Immiscible Solvents, behaviour of Organic Substances with, 395 Indicators of B.P., 444 Infusions, B.P., 160 ., 209 Injections, Hypodermic, 162 Juices, B.P., 176 Lamellae, B.P., 163 Latin Terms, 306 — — Glossary of, 314 Length, Measures of, 463 liniments, B.P., 163 — U.S.P., 208 Liquids, Specific Gravity of, (B.P.), 375 — — — U.S.P., 377 Liquores, B.P., 164 U.S.P., 199 lotions, B.P., 169 Lozenges, B.P., 186 .S.P., 234 Maize, 141 Masses, U.S.P., 237 Medical Terms, Glossary, 332 Medicine Grains compared with Metric Weights, 504 Mellita, B.P., 169 U.S.P., 203 Melting Points, 374 Metric Weights, 463 Microcosmic Salt Beads, 403 Mixtures, B.P., 170 — U.S.P., 204 Mucilages, B.P., 171 — U.S.P., 203 Natural Orders of Plants, 247 Oats, 141 Oils, fixed, 196 — volatile, 193 Ointments, B.P., 188 U.S. P., 241 Oleata, B.P., 171 Oleates, U.S.P., 208 527 INDEX. Oleoresins, B.P., 171 U.S.P., 223 Opium Alkaloids, 452 Organic Substances, behaviour with Immiscible Solvents, 395 Oxymel, B.P., 171 Papers, B.P., 148 — U.S.P., 244 Percentages into cwts., &c., 500 Pharmaceutical Preparations, Definitions of, 144 U.S.P., 238 Plants, Natural Orders of, 247 Plasters, B.P., 151 — U.S.P., 242 Poisoning, Symptoms, 359 — Treatment for, 359 Posological Table, 372 Poultices, B.P., 148 Powders, B.P., 174 — U.S.P., 231 Prescriptions, Latin Terms used in Writing, 306 Pulveres, B.P., 174 — U.S.P., 231 Reactions, Colour, of alkaloids, &c., 416 — Dry, 398 — of Alkaloids, 448 —Wet, see Analytical Notes with Indicators, 445 Recipes, Useful, 512 Resinoids, Eclectic, 245 Resins, U.S.P., 231 Rice, 141 Rye, 141 Sago, 142 Secretions, Examination of, 420 Solubility of Substances, 383 Solutions, B.P., 164 U.S.P., 199 Specific Gravity of Liquids, .P., 375 — — — U.S.P., 377 Spirits, B.P., 175 — U.S.P., 205 Starchy Foods, 142 Strychnos Alkaloids, 454 Succi, B.P., 176 Suppositories, B.P., 177 Symbols of Elements, 459 Symptoms of Poisoning, 359 Syrups, B.P., 178 — U.S.P., 200 Tabellae, B.P., 180 Table of Ash of Drugs, 431 of Dosage, 372 Tables, B.P., 180 Tapioca, 142 Tea, 142 Technical Phrases, Latin, 306 Terms, Botanical, Glossary of, 285 — Latin, Glossary of 314 — used in Medicine, 332 Testing, Notes on, 396 Test Solutions of B.P., Volu- metric, 440 Thalleioquin Test, 420 Thermometers, Comparison of, 379 Tinctures, B.P., 181 — U.S.P., 210 Treatment for Poisoning, 358, 359 Triturations, U.S.P., 234 Trochisci, B.P., 186 — U.S.P., 234 Troy, see Apothecaries. 528 INDEX. Unguenta, B.P., 188 Volumetric Test Solutions, — U.S.P., 241 B.P., 440 U. States, Official Weights, Vomit, Testing, 428 c., 463 Urine, Testing, 426 Waters, B.P., 147 Useful Recipes, 512 — U.S.P., 198 Weights, Atomic, 459 Vapours, B.P., 191 — Conversion of, 464–479 Winegars, B.P., 146 — and Measures, 461 — U.S.P., 223 — — — Metric and Wina, B.P., 191 | otherwise, compared, 504 — U.S.P., 215 Wheat, 141 Wolatile Oils, 193 | Wines, B.P., 191 Volumetric Analysis, Indi- — U.S.P., 215 cators, 444 LoNDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. - L. Tºſº, Jºlſº = s i -4- + H º : yº. ſº =” º º! 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